ANATOMICAL
EXERCITATIONS
,
Concerning
the
GENERATION
Of
Living
Creatures
:
To
which
are
added
Particular
Discourses
,
of
Births
,
and
of
Conceptions
,
&c.
By
WILLIAM
HARVEY
,
Doctor
of
Physick
,
and
Professor
of
Anatomy
,
and
Chirurgery
,
in
the
COLLEDGE
of
Physitians
of
LONDON
.
LONDON
,
Printed
by
James
Young
,
for
Octavian
Pulleyn
,
and
are
to
be
sold
at
his
Shop
at
the
Sign
of
the
Rose
in
St.
Pauls
Church-yard
.
1653.
TO
THE
Venerable
,
&
highly
Accomplish't
,
THE
PRESIDENT
&
FELLOWS
of
the
COLLEDGE
of
Physitians
in
LONDON
,
GEORGE
ENT
Wisheth
Health
and
full
Felicity
.
ABout
Christmas
last
,
while
,
full
weary
of
anxious
,
and
in
the
end
not
much
availing
Solicitude
,
I
endeavoured
to
render
my
mind
serene
,
and
free
from
that
Eclipse
;
I
addressed
my self
to
that
Eminent
Person
,
the
chiefest
Glory
and
Ornament
of
our
Colledge
,
Doctor
Harvey
,
at
that
time
residing
not
far
from
the
City
:
and
found
Him
very
intent
upon
the
perscrutation
of
Natures
Works
,
and
with
a
Countenance
as
cheerful
,
as
Mind
imperturbed
,
Democritus
like
,
deeply
searching
into
the
Causes
of
natural
things
.
I
then
instantly
saluted
Him
,
with
,
Are
all
Affaires
well
,
and
right
?
How
can
they
,
He
gravely
answered
,
when
the
Common-wealth
is
surrounded
with
intestine
troubles
;
and
I
my self
as
yet
far
from
land
,
tost
in
that
tempestuous
Ocean
?
And
,
unfeignedly
(
added
He
)
if
the
comfort
of
my
Studies
,
and
the
remembrance
of
many
things
,
long
since
fallen
under
my
observation
,
were
not
some
refreshment
to
my
Mind
;
I
know
not
what
could
prevaile
upon
me
,
to
desire
to
survive
the
present
.
So
it
hath
happened
,
that
this
umbratile
kind
of
life
,
and
vacation
from
publique
Cares
,
which
commonly
causeth
a
Sadness
of
Mind
in
others
,
hath
proved
a
Sovereign
Remedy
to
mine
.
Here
I
answering
,
said
,
Sir
,
I
shall
soon
afford
you
the
Reason
of
that
happy
Event
;
which
is
this
:
While
the
greatest
number
of
men
flatter
themselves
with
thoughts
of
growing
wise
,
by
the
notions
of
others
Brains
,
and
(
without
any
addition
,
unless
the
deceitful
Gloss
of
different
Phrase
,
and
new
Method
)
with
ostentation
obtrude
upon
the
World
the
Traditions
of
the
Ancients
;
it
hath
been
always
your
choice
,
about
the
secrets
of
Nature
,
to
consult
Nature
Her selfe
.
And
this
kind
of
Study
ever
hath
as
less
of
Fallacy
,
so
more
of
Delight
:
in
regard
,
that
frequently
,
while
you
are
fixt
upon
the
indagation
of
some
one
thing
,
many
others
offer
themselves
to
your
observation
;
and
such
,
perhaps
,
of
which
you
had
no
thought
to
enquire
.
For
,
your self
(
I
well
remember
)
was
pleased
once
to
tell
me
,
that
you
never
yet
Dissected
any
Animal
(
and
,
indeed
,
you
have
dissected
very
many
)
but
you
found
in
it
somewhat
beyond
your
expectation
,
and
which
you
never
so
much
as
thought
of
before
.
'T
is
true
,
replied
He
;
it
hath
ever
been
the
delight
of
my
Genius
,
to
make
strict
Inspection
into
Animals
themselves
:
And
I
have
constantly
been
of
opinion
,
that
from
thence
we
might
acquire
not
only
the
knowledge
of
those
less
considerable
Secrets
of
Nature
;
but
even
a
certain
Adumbration
of
that
Supreme
Essence
,
the
Creator
.
And
,
though
I
was
ever
ready
to
acknowledge
;
that
many
things
have
been
discovered
by
Learned
Men
of
former
times
:
Yet
do
I
still
believe
,
that
the
number
of
those
things
which
remain
yet
concealed
in
the
darkness
of
Impervestigable
Nature
,
is
incomparably
greater
:
nay
,
I
cannot
forbear
frequently
to
wonder
,
and
sometimes
smile
at
those
,
who
perswade
themselves
,
that
all
things
were
so
consummatly
and
absolutely
delivered
by
Aristotle
,
Galen
,
or
some
other
great
Name
,
as
that
nothing
was
left
to
the
superaddition
of
any
,
that
succeeded
.
Nature
,
truly
,
is
Her self
the
most
faithful
Interpreter
of
Her
own
secrets
:
and
what
she
exhibits
,
either
more
briefly
,
or
more
obscurely
,
in
one
kind
,
the
same
she
explains
more
largely
and
openly
,
in
another
.
No
man
doubtless
,
hath
ever
rightly
determined
of
the
Use
,
or
Office
of
any
Part
;
who
hath
not
in
many
Animals
,
beheld
,
and
with
himself
diligently
considered
the
Fabrick
,
Situation
,
annexed
Vessels
,
and
other
Accidents
thereof
.
Those
Ancient
Oracles
of
Wisdom
did
terminate
the
knowledge
,
as
of
all
Countries
,
so
also
of
all
Animals
,
Plants
,
and
other
things
whatever
,
allmost
with
the
narrow
limits
of
Greece
alone
:
But
,
to
Us
the
whole
Theatre
of
the
World
is
now
open
,
and
,
by
the
Sedulity
of
Travellers
,
we
well
know
,
not
only
the
Place
,
Habits
,
and
Manners
of
its
Inhabitants
;
but
also
,
what
Animals
,
what
Vegetables
,
what
Minerals
every
Region
is
furnished
withal
.
Nor
is
there
any
Nation
so
Barbarous
,
which
hath
not
either
by
chance
,
or
the
constraint
of
some
inevitable
necessity
,
found
out
something
for
the
common
use
and
benefit
of
Mankind
,
which
hath
escaped
the
invention
of
other
Nations
more
Civilized
.
And
shal
we
think
that
nothing
of
Commodity
can
accrue
to
the
stock
of
Sciences
,
from
these
Helps
and
Advantages
:
but
that
all
the
Fountains
of
Wisdom
were
drawn
dry
by
the
First
Ages
?
Certainly
,
this
Fault
is
to
be
imputed
to
our
own
defect
of
Industry
;
not
at
all
to
Nature
.
To
this
,
another
Evil
hath
adjoined
it self
;
which
is
,
that
many
,
wanting
the
Experimental
cognition
of
things
,
from
the
formerly
conceived
verisimilitude
of
some
Opinion
,
afterwards
boldly
broach
a
positive
Judgment
thereupon
,
as
if
it
were
certainly
known
:
whereupon
it
follows
,
that
they
are
not
only
grossly
deluded
themselves
,
but
seduce
others
also
(
who
are
not
sufficiently
circumspect
)
into
Error
.
These
,
and
other
Discourses
of
the
like
importance
;
flowing
from
the
Doctor
,
with
admirable
readiness
,
as
is
customary
with
Him
;
I
interrupted
Him
,
saying
:
Sir
,
How
free
you
are
from
all
culpability
in
this
kind
,
all
,
who
know
you
,
sufficiently
understand
:
and
that
's
the
reason
,
why
many
Learned
and
Judicious
Men
,
who
are
acquainted
with
your
Unwearied
Industry
,
in
the
advancement
of
Philosophy
,
greedily
expect
the
Communication
of
your
further
Experiments
.
And
would
you
then
advise
me
,
(
smilingly
replies
the
Doctor
)
to
quit
the
tranquillity
of
this
Haven
,
wherein
I
now
calmly
spend
my
days
:
and
again
commit
my self
to
the
unfaithful
Ocean
?
You
are
not
ignorant
,
how
great
troubles
my
Lucubrations
,
formerly
published
,
have
raised
.
Better
it
is
,
certainly
,
at
some
times
,
to
endeavour
to
grow
wise
at
home
in
private
;
then
by
the
hasty
divulgation
of
such
things
,
to
the
knowledge
whereof
you
have
attained
with
vast
labour
,
to
stirr
up
Tempests
,
that
may
deprive
you
of
your
Leasure
and
Quiet
for
the
future
.
Yea
but
(
answered
I
)
to
deserve
well
,
and
receive
ill
,
is
the
usuall
reward
of
Virtue
:
And
the
Winds
,
which
raised
those
your
troubles
,
have
,
like
the
Wind
Caecias
,
drawn
mischief
upon
themselves
.
With
that
,
He
shewed
me
His
Exercitations
,
touching
the
Generation
of
Animals
,
A
work
framed
,
and
polished
with
very
great
pains
.
At
sight
whereof
,
I
instantly
rejoicing
,
said
,
I
now
have
obtained
what
I
earnestly
desired
:
and
must
tell
you
,
that
,
unless
you
impart
these
Exercitations
to
the
World
,
you
will
both
be
wanting
to
your
own
Honour
,
and
envy
the
Utility
of
others
.
Nor
shall
you
sustain
any
further
trouble
in
the
Business
;
for
,
whatever
of
Care
is
requisite
to
the
oversight
of
the
Press
,
I
shall
willingly
take
wholly
upon
my self
.
To
this
He
condescended
with
much
adoe
,
at
first
urging
,
among
many
other
Disswasive
Arguments
,
that
this
His
Tractate
would
be
imperfect
,
without
the
conjunction
of
the
History
of
the
Generation
of
Insects
.
In
a
word
;
at
length
I
prevailed
:
and
He
said
,
Loe
,
I
resign
these
my
Writings
freely
into
your
hands
,
with
absolute
power
,
either
suddainly
to
publish
,
or
for
a
while
to
suppress
them
,
as
you
shall
think
convenient
.
Having
returned
Him
very
many
thanks
for
so
high
a
favour
;
I
took
my
leave
,
and
departed
as
another
Jason
,
enriched
with
the
Golden
Fleece
.
And
when
,
upon
my
return
home
,
I
had
surveyed
the
Book
;
I
could
not
but
admire
that
so
vast
a
Treasure
had
laien
so
long
concealed
:
And
that
,
while
other
men
arrogate
so
highly
to
themselves
,
onely
for
the
entertainment
of
their
nanseating
Readers
,
with
Trifles
and
Toies
,
and
Dishes
twice
(
yea
,
an
hundred
times
)
brought
to
the
Table
before
;
the
Modesty
of
this
Gentleman
should
be
such
,
as
to
set
so
small
a
value
upon
these
His
Excellent
Observations
.
And
truly
,
when
ever
He
hath
been
pleased
to
give
any
of
his
own
Inventions
leave
to
see
the
light
,
He
hath
not
deported
Himself
with
Ostentation
,
or
superciliousness
,
after
the
custome
of
many
,
as
if
an
Oak
had
spoken
,
or
he
had
deserved
a
draught
of
Hen's-Milk
:
but
,
His
Dictates
were
Oraculous
,
and
Merits
above
the
reach
of
Elogie
,
or
Reward
:
but
,
with
exceeding
Modesty
,
as
if
onely
casually
,
or
without
any
difficultie
of
inquest
,
he
had
fallen
upon
the
Discovery
of
those
Mysteries
,
which
,
indeed
,
he
long
searched
into
with
profest
diligence
,
and
study
indefatigable
.
And
this
also
is
an
Argument
of
eminent
Candour
in
Him
;
that
he
never
inwades
the
reputation
of
any
Author
,
but
every
where
delivers
his
own
judgement
,
in
mild
and
friendly
language
.
For
,
with
him
it
is
Proverbial
,
that
That
Cause
is
worthy
to
be
suspected
for
scarcely
good
and
profitable
,
which
its
Author
contends
for
with
brawling
and
fierceness
:
But
Truth
can
want
no
Patron
.
And
when
it
was
easie
to
him
,
to
have
woven
this
whole
Web
,
from
materials
of
his
own
;
such
was
his
care
,
for
the
prevention
of
Envy
,
that
he
yet
chose
to
follow
the
clue
of
Aristotle
and
Aquapendens
,
as
if
he
had
contributed
thereunto
no
more
then
meerly
the
Woofe
.
Of
Him
I
shall
speak
no
more
,
lest
I
appear
to
praise
to
his
face
a
Person
,
whose
Worth
hath
advanced
Him
infinitely
above
my
praises
;
especially
to
You
,
to
whom
his
Virtue
,
Candor
,
and
Ingenie
,
are
long
since
very
well
known
.
But
,
of
My selfe
,
I
shall
adde
onely
thus
much
;
that
in
this
great
Business
I
have
performed
no
more
then
the
meer
office
of
a
Midwife
:
producing
into
the
light
this
noble
Issue
of
His
Brain
,
in
all
its
parts
and
line●ments
perfect
and
consummate
,
as
it
is
now
presented
to
your
View
;
but
staying
long
in
the
Birth
,
&
fearing
,
perhaps
,
some
injurious
Blast
of
Envy
or
Detraction
.
To
speak
more
plainly
,
I
made
it
my
Province
to
oversee
and
correct
the
Press
;
and
because
the
Author
writes
so
obscure
a
Hand
(
A
thing
,
as
we
say
,
common
to
learned
men
(
as
that
scarce
any
man
,
but
who
hath
bin
accustomed
thereto
,
can
read
it
without
difficulty
,
I
used
all
diligence
to
provide
against
the
Errors
of
the
Compositor
,
that
might
be
occasioned
thereby
;
which
I
observed
,
not
to
have
been
duly
prevented
in
the
Impression
of
a
small
Treatise
of
the
Doctors
,
not
long
since
set
forth
.
And
thus
,
most
Learned
Sirs
,
have
I
rendered
you
the
Reason
of
this
my
Writing
to
you
;
which
is
,
to
let
you
know
,
that
our
HARVEY
hath
Sacrificed
to
the
Benefit
of
the
Commonwealth
of
Learning
,
to
the
Dignity
of
our
Colledge
,
and
to
His
own
Eternal
Honour
.
Farewel
,
and
Prosper
.
To
the
Incomparable
Dr.
HARVEY
,
On
his
Books
Of
the
MOTION
of
the
HEART
and
BLOOD
,
And
of
the
GENERATION
of
ANIMALS
.
TO
Sol
,
the
grateful
Persian
homage
payes
;
He
Sees
by
them
,
and
so
Adores
the
rayes
:
Deeming
the
Suns
just
title
to
arise
To
th'
Tribute
,
as
to
th'
Vision
of
his
Eyes
.
And
such
is
thy
due
claime
,
Great
Light
of
Art
,
Who
to
the
long-dim
World
dost
sight
impart
.
To
thy
Loud
Fame
for
ever
be
apply'd
,
As
th'
Conduct
,
so
the
Glory
of
our
Guide
.
While
gray
Antiquity
Oracular
heares
,
Not
for
the
Truths
she
brings
,
but
for
the
Yeares
,
And
her
sowr
Dictats
from
the
Tripod
thrown
,
Look
more
to
be
Obey'd
,
then
to
be
Known
.
Thy
daring
Art
first
stands
her
,
and
doth
breed
This
Reseue
thence
,
that
Science
is
not
Creed
.
Who
for
their
Age
alone
doe
Writers
trust
,
Prize
Armour
,
not
for
th'
Proof
,
but
for
the
Rust
.
From
Books
to
Nature
thy
Appeale
is
made
,
Thy
Copies
by
their
Archetype
are
swayd
.
Though
High
and
Reverend
thy
Authors
sit
,
Yet
the
Creation
is
thy
Classick
Writ
.
The
various
Colonies
,
whose
brood
supplyes
Inhabitants
to
Earth
,
to
Seas
,
and
Skies
,
These
are
thy
Vatican
,
and
onely
these
Are
thy
Infallible
Hippocrates
;
Thy
Sibyll-Volumes
,
and
Thou
knowst
them
all
,
Like
their
first
Godfathen
before
the
Fall
.
Their
Natures
,
Kinds
,
Distinctions
and
Concent
,
The
Parts
conteinec't
,
and
Parts
continent
,
Their
Order
,
Substance
,
Temper
,
Site
,
their
Force
,
Relations
,
and
confederate
Entercourse
.
Their
different
Cells
which
different
Bowels
bound
,
Rooft
and
partition'd
from
their
Neighbours
ground
.
The
Numerous
Intrals
Thou
hast
searched
through
,
Might
both
Appease
the
Gods
,
and
Surfet
too
.
Not
in
the
dull
Emerit
Carcase
,
where
The
Shops
remain
where
once
the
Workmen
were
;
And
onely
yield
this
cold
Account
;
there
stands
The
Stuffe
and
Tools
perhaps
,
but
not
the
Hands
.
But
in
the
Living
Laboratories
,
when
The
Vitals
ply'd
their
task
like
Lab'ring
men
;
When
Life
and
Industry
one
Fountaine
fed
,
And
to
give
over
Work
,
was
,
to
be
Dead
.
And
now
the
Beasts
hold
their
Instructive
life
Innobled
by
the
cunning
of
thy
Knife
.
Their
Fall
heares
Sacrifice
to
th'
Publick
good
,
Nor
is
it
to
be
Slaine
,
but
Vnderstood
.
There
thy
Observing
Eye
first
found
the
Art
Of
all
the
Wheels
and
Clock-work
of
the
Heart
:
The
mystick
causes
of
its
Dark
Estate
,
What
Pullies
Close
its
Cells
,
and
what
Dilate
.
What
secret
Engiues
tune
the
Pulse
,
whose
din
By
Chimes
without
,
Strikes
how
things
fare
within
.
There
didst
thou
trace
the
Blood
,
and
first
behold
What
Dreames
mistaken
Sages
coin'd
of
old
.
For
till
thy
Pegasus
the
fountain
brake
,
The
crimson
Blood
,
was
but
a
crimson
Lake
.
Which
first
from
Thee
did
Tyde
and
Motion
gaine
,
And
Veins
became
its
Channel
,
not
its
Chaine
.
With
Drake
and
Candish
hence
thy
Bays
is
curld
,
Fam'd
Circulator
of
the
Lesser
World
.
Yet
thou
no
sooner
wroughtst
this
wonder
out
,
Though
proof
both
gainst
the
cool
suspense
of
Doubt
,
And
rougher
Violence
o'
th'
Despisers
tongue
,
But
Europe
round
with
hot
combustions
rung
:
It
s
early
first
Defiance
sprung
up
here
,
At
last
a
swarm
of
Champion
Pens
appeare
From
Forreign
coasts
,
and
to
the
conflict
come
,
Some
thy
bold
Challengers
,
thy
Seconds
some
.
But
when
Experience
vanquisht
their
defence
,
And
Prejudice
was
captive
led
by
Sense
:
The
Ingenuous
laid
down
Arms
,
and
fled
to
You
,
As
their
Instructor
,
and
their
Victor
too
.
Thus
twice
endeer'd
,
thy
Secrets
we
allow
,
By
Truths
at
first
,
and
by
Opposers
now
.
So
Gold
disputed
,
and
Approved
such
,
Comes
Mettle
,
but
parts
Treasure
from
the
Touch.
A
Calmer
welcome
this
choice
Peice
befall
,
Which
from
fresh
Extract
hath
deduced
all
,
And
for
belief
,
bids
it
no
longer
begg
That
Castor
once
and
Pollux
were
an
Egge
:
That
both
the
Hen
and
Houswife
are
so
matcht
,
That
her
Son
Born
,
is
only
her
Son
Hatcht
;
That
when
her
Teeming
hopes
have
prosp'rous
bin
,
Yet
to
Conceive
,
is
but
to
Lay
within
.
Experiment
,
and
Truth
both
take
thy
part
:
If
thou
canst
scape
the
Women
!
there
's
the
Art
.
Live
Modern
Wonder
,
and
be
read
alone
,
Thy
Brain
hath
Issue
,
though
thy
〈◊〉
have
none
.
Let
fraile
Succession
be
the
Vulgar
care
;
Great
Generation's
selfe
is
now
thy
Heire
.
M.
LL.
M.
D.
THE
PREFACE
.
SInce
many
have
requested
,
and
some
have
importuned
mee
;
it
will
not
,
I
hope
,
be
unwelcome
,
(
candid
Reader
)
if
what
I
have
observed
concerning
the
Generation
of
Animals
,
out
of
Anatomical
dissections
(
for
I
have
found
the
whole
matter
to
be
much
different
,
from
that
which
is
delivered
,
either
by
Philosophers
or
Physitians
)
I
expose
in
these
Exercitations
,
in
favour
,
and
for
the
use
of
the
Lovers
of
Truth
.
All
Physitians
,
following
Galen
,
teach
,
that
out
of
the
Seed
of
Male
and
Female
mingled
in
Coition
,
according
to
the
predominant
power
of
this
,
or
that
,
the
Child
resembles
either
this
,
or
that
Parent
,
and
is
also
either
Male
or
Female
.
And
sometimes
they
pronounce
the
Males
Seed
to
be
the
Efficient
cause
,
and
the
Females
the
Materiall
;
and
sometimes
again
the
clean
contrary
.
But
Aristotle
(
Natures
most
diligent
searcher
)
affirms
that
the
Male
and
Female
are
the
principles
of
Generation
,
and
that
she
contributes
the
matter
,
and
he
the
form
;
and
that
forthwith
after
Coition
,
there
is
formed
in
the
Womb
out
of
the
Menstruous
bloud
,
the
Vital
principle
,
and
first
particle
of
the
future
Foetus
,
(
namely
,
the
Heart
,
in
Creatures
that
have
bloud
.
)
But
that
these
are
false
,
and
rash
assertions
,
will
soon
appear
;
and
will
like
clouds
instantly
vanish
,
(
when
the
light
of
Anatomical
dissection
breaks
forth
)
nor
will
they
require
any
elaborate
confutation
,
when
the
Reader
,
instructed
by
his
own
eyes
,
shall
discover
the
contrary
by
ocular
inspection
;
and
shall
also
understand
,
how
unsafe
,
and
degenerate
a
thing
it
is
,
to
be
tutored
by
other
mens
commentaries
,
without
making
tryal
of
the
things
themselves
:
especially
,
since
Natures
Book
is
so
open
,
and
legible
.
I
have
therefore
exhibited
to
publick
view
,
what
in
these
my
Exercitations
,
I
intend
to
deliver
concerning
the
Generation
of
Animals
;
not
onely
that
posterity
may
thence
discern
the
certain
and
apparent
truth
;
but
also
,
and
that
cheifly
too
,
that
(
by
revealing
the
Method
I
use
in
searching
into
things
)
I
might
propose
to
studious
men
,
a
new
,
and
(
if
I
mistake
not
)
a
surer
path
to
the
attainment
of
knowledge
.
For
although
it
be
a
more
new
and
difficult
way
,
to
find
out
the
nature
of
things
,
by
the
things
themselves
;
then
by
reading
of
Books
,
to
take
our
knowledge
upon
trust
from
the
opinions
of
Philosophers
:
yet
must
it
needs
be
confessed
,
that
the
former
is
much
more
open
,
and
lesse
frandulent
,
especially
in
the
Secrets
relating
to
Natural
Philosophy
.
Nor
is
there
any
reason
,
why
any
man
should
be
deterred
by
the
trouble
of
it
;
if
he
will
but
so
much
as
consider
with
himselfe
,
that
even
life
it selfe
is
continued
to
him
,
by
the
never
Wearied
Agitation
of
the
Heart
.
Nor
truly
would
this
journy
present
so
much
of
solitude
and
desart
to
us
;
did
not
most
men
by
the
custome
(
or
fault
rather
)
of
the
age
wee
live
in
,
yeilding
themselves
up
to
sluggishnesse
,
desire
rather
to
erre
with
the
many
,
then
with
the
expense
of
their
paines
and
coine
,
endeavour
to
be
wise
with
the
few
:
when
notwithstanding
the
Ancient
Philosophers
(
whose
industry
also
even
we
extol
)
went
a
quite
contrary
way
to
work
;
and
by
indefatigable
toile
searching
after
several
experiments
,
have
set
up
a
clear
light
to
direct
our
studies
.
So
that
,
whatever
notable
and
approved
thing
we
have
in
Philosophy
,
it
all
is
derived
unto
us
by
the
paines
and
industry
of
ancient
Greece
.
Yet
when
we
content
our selves
with
their
discoveries
,
and
calmly
believe
(
which
is
meer
sleepiness
)
that
there
is
now
no
more
place
for
new
inventions
,
the
spritely
edge
of
our
owne
wit
languisheth
,
and
we
extinguish
the
lamp
which
they
lighted
to
our
hands
.
And
certainly
he
alone
wil
grant
,
that
the
whole
truth
was
ingrossed
by
the
Ancients
,
(
who
is
ignorant
of
the
many
noble
discoveries
,
to
pass
by
other
Arts
)
lately
found
out
in
the
business
of
Anatomy
.
And
this
was
cheifly
done
either
by
such
,
who
wholly
intent
upon
some
one
thing
,
did
casually
descry
some
other
:
or
(
which
is
more
commendable
)
by
those
,
who
following
Natures
conduct
with
their
own
eyes
,
have
at
length
through
a
perplexed
,
but
yet
a
most
faithful
tract
,
attained
to
the
highest
pitch
of
Truth
.
And
in
such
an
undertaking
it
is
pleasant
,
not
to
be
tyred
onely
,
but
even
to
faint
away
;
where
the
Irkesomness
of
Discovering
is
abundantly
recompensed
by
the
discovery
it selfe
.
We
use
,
being
covetous
of
Novelty
,
to
wander
far
into
unknown
lands
,
that
our
own
eies
may
witness
,
what
our
ears
have
received
at
second
hand
:
where
yet
for
the
most
part
—
minuit
praesentia
famam
.
Our
sight
decries
report
.
Let
us
then
blush
,
in
this
so
ample
,
and
so
wonderful
field
of
nature
,
(
where
performance
still
exceeds
what
is
promised
)
to
credit
other
mens
traditions
only
,
and
thence
coine
uncertain
problemes
,
to
spin
out
thorney
and
captious
questions
.
Nature
her selfe
must
be
our
adviser
;
the
path
she
chalks
must
be
our
walk
:
for
so
while
we
confer
with
our
own
eies
,
and
take
our
rise
from
meaner
things
to
higher
,
we
shall
be
at
length
received
into
her
Closet-secrets
.
Of
the
Manner
and
Order
of
attaining
knowledge
.
THough
there
be
one
onely
roade
to
Science
,
namely
,
that
by
which
we
proceed
from
things
more
known
,
to
things
known
less
;
and
from
that
which
is
more
manifest
,
to
that
which
is
more
obscure
;
and
though
Universals
are
chiefly
known
to
us
(
for
Science
is
begot
by
reasoning
from
Universals
to
Particulars
)
yet
that
very
comprehension
of
Universals
in
the
Understanding
,
springs
from
the
perception
of
Singulars
in
our
sense
.
So
that
both
Aristotles
Physicks
;
There
is
a
way
naturally
layed
from
those
things
which
are
more
known
and
cleare
to
us
,
to
those
things
which
are
more
intelligible
and
cleare
by
nature
.
For
the
same
things
are
not
both
known
to
us
,
and
simply
so
too
:
wherefore
we
of
necessity
must
thus
proceed
;
to
wit
,
from
those
things
which
are
by
nature
indeed
more
obscure
,
but
yet
are
more
clearer
to
us
;
to
those
things
which
are
more
cleare
and
intelligible
by
nature
.
But
those
things
are
first
perspieuous
and
manifest
to
us
,
which
are
most
confused
.
Therefore
wee
must
goe
from
Vniversals
to
Singulars
:
for
the
Whole
is
more
known
by
sense
:
now
an
Vniversal
is
a
certain
Whole
.
As
that
in
his
Analyticks
.
Singulars
are
more
known
by
us
,
and
doe
first
exist
according
to
sense
:
for
nothing
is
in
the
understanding
,
which
was
not
before
in
the
sense
.
And
although
that
Ratiocination
is
naturally
first
and
more
known
,
which
is
made
by
Syllogisme
;
yet
that
is
more
conspicuous
to
us
,
which
is
made
by
Induction
:
and
therefore
we
define
Singulars
with
more
ease
,
then
Universals
:
for
there
lyes
more
Aequivocation
in
Vniversals
.
Wherefore
wee
must
pass
from
Singulars
to
Generals
.
That
which
we
have
now
delivered
,
hangs
very
well
together
,
though
at
first
it
seem
to
clash
:
because
Generals
are
first
collected
from
Singulars
by
sense
,
and
so
farre
onely
are
more
known
to
us
,
as
an
Universal
is
a
certain
whole
and
indistinct
thing
;
and
that
Whole
is
more
known
to
us
according
to
sense
.
For
though
in
all
knowledge
,
we
begin
from
Sense
,
because
,
(
as
the
Philosopher
said
before
)
Sensible
particulars
are
most
known
to
Sense
;
yet
Sensation
it selfe
is
an
Universal
thing
.
For
(
if
you
minde
it
well
)
though
(
while
we
perceive
)
that
which
is
in
the
outward
organ
of
sense
be
a
Singular
,
as
suppose
,
a
yellow
colour
,
in
the
sight
:
yet
that
which
is
thence
abstracted
by
the
internall
sense
,
and
is
judged
and
apprehended
by
it
,
is
an
Universal
.
Hence
it
comes
to
pass
,
that
several
persons
,
do
at
the
same
instant
,
abstract
divers
species
,
and
fashion
severall
notions
,
even
of
one
and
the
same
Object
.
As
it
is
evident
in
Poets
,
and
Painters
:
who
,
though
at
the
same
time
,
and
in
the
same
place
,
all
circumstances
being
alike
,
they
behold
one
and
the
same
Object
,
yet
each
of
them
,
be
they
never
so
many
,
express
and
describe
it
a
several
way
,
according
to
the
several
Ideas
which
they
have
drawn
in
their
Phansie
.
So
that
a
Painter
being
to
draw
any
one
mans
picture
,
though
he
take
a
thousand
several
draughts
,
will
make
them
all
distinct
faces
;
and
them
too
not
onely
differing
from
each
other
,
but
from
the
Archetype
it selfe
:
yet
with
so
small
distinction
,
that
if
you
look
upon
each
of
them
apart
,
you
will
think
hee
still
brings
the
same
piece
hee
brought
before
:
and
yet
set
them
all
together
and
compare
them
,
and
you
will
plainely
discover
a
difference
.
Now
the
reason
of
all
this
is
,
that
in
Uision
,
or
the
act
of
Seeing
,
each
particular
by
it selfe
was
clear
and
distinct
:
which
very
particular
,
the
Object
being
removed
,
(
as
suppose
you
should
shut
your
eies
,
)
abstracted
in
the
Phansie
,
or
laid
up
in
the
Memory
,
is
presented
obscure
,
and
confused
:
nor
is
it
any
longer
apprehended
as
a
particular
,
but
as
some
General
and
Universal
thing
.
This
subtilty
Seneca
doth
elegantly
express
,
An
Idea
,
saith
he
,
is
an
eternal
Exemplar
of
Natural
things
.
I
will
explain
this
definition
,
that
you
may
conceive
it
the
better
.
Suppose
I
intend
to
draw
your
picture
,
you
your self
are
the
Exemplar
of
that
picture
,
from
whom
my
minde
takes
a
representation
,
which
she
indeavoureth
to
pattern
in
her
work
.
So
then
your
face
,
which
is
my
director
,
&
which
I
labour
to
represent
,
is
the
Idea
.
And
a
litle
after
,
he
saith
.
In
my
discourse
even
now
I
made
use
of
a
picture-drawer
,
to
illustrate
what
I
was
speaking
of
.
He
,
when
he
would
paint
Virgil
,
his
eye
is
upon
Virgil
himself
:
Virgils
face
is
his
Idea
,
and
the
Exemplar
of
his
future
designe
:
now
that
which
the
Artist
takes
from
this
Idea
,
and
worketh
off
,
is
the
Picture
.
If
you
demand
the
difference
between
these
two
,
it
is
this
:
the
one
is
the
Pattern
,
the
other
is
the
copy
taken
by
the
Pattern
,
and
layed
upon
the
work
:
He
imitates
the
one
,
and
makes
the
other
.
A
Statue
hath
a
face
,
but
that
face
is
but
the
Idos
,
or
representation
:
But
the
Exemplar
which
the
Statuary
copies
out
,
hath
a
face
,
and
that
face
is
the
Idaea
.
Doe
you
desire
a
farther
explication
?
take
it
thus
.
The
Idos
is
that
which
you
see
in
the
piece
:
the
Idea
is
quite
without
the
piece
,
and
not
onely
without
it
,
but
also
had
a
being
before
the
piece
was
at
all
.
For
those
things
that
have
been
formerly
observed
,
and
either
by
use
,
or
custome
have
taken
deep
root
in
the
minde
of
the
Artificer
,
doe
constitute
art
it selfe
,
and
the
Operative
Habit
:
for
Art
it self
is
nothing
but
the
reason
of
the
work
,
implanted
in
the
Artists
minde
.
And
the
same
way
by
which
we
gaine
an
Art
,
by
the
very
same
we
attain
any
kinde
of
science
or
knowledge
whatever
:
for
as
Art
is
a
habit
whose
object
is
something
to
be
done
;
so
Science
is
a
habit
,
whose
object
is
something
to
be
known
:
and
as
the
former
proceedeth
from
the
imitation
of
Exemplars
;
so
this
latter
,
from
the
knowledge
of
things
naturall
.
The
Sourse
of
both
is
from
sense
and
experience
;
since
it
is
impossible
that
Art
should
rightly
be
purchased
by
the
one
,
or
Science
by
the
other
,
without
a
direction
from
Ideas
.
Yet
in
both
Art
&
Science
too
,
that
thing
which
in
sensible
objects
wee
perceive
,
differs
from
the
perception
it self
,
which
is
kept
in
the
memory
,
or
imagination
.
That
,
is
the
exemplar
,
the
Idea
,
the
forme
informing
:
this
,
the
Representation
,
the
Idos
,
the
abstracted
Species
.
That
,
is
a
natural
thing
,
a
real
entity
;
this
,
a
resemblance
,
or
similitude
,
and
an
ens
rationis
.
That
,
is
imployed
about
some
particular
thing
,
and
is
it selfe
a
singular
,
and
an
individual
;
this
,
is
a
kinde
of
universal
and
common
thing
.
That
,
is
in
every
Artist
and
Philosopher
,
a
sensible
thing
,
clear
,
and
perfect
;
this
belongs
to
the
mind
,
and
is
obscure
.
For
what
wee
discover
by
sense
,
is
much
more
sure
and
manifest
,
then
what
we
discover
by
the
Intellect
:
because
the
latter
springs
from
the
former
,
and
is
illustrated
by
it
.
To
conclude
,
Sensible
Objects
are
of
themselves
,
and
before
Intelligible
;
but
Intelligible
are
after
them
,
and
arise
from
them
:
nor
can
we
attain
to
them
at
all
,
without
their
help
.
Wherefore
it
is
,
that
our
judgement
erreth
about
phantasmes
and
apparitions
comprised
in
our
minds
,
unless
sense
give
a
right
verdict
,
established
upon
frequent
observations
,
and
infallible
experiments
.
For
in
every
Science
,
be
it
what
it
will
,
a
diligent
observation
is
requisite
,
and
Sense
it self
must
be
frequently
consulted
.
We
must
not
(
I
say
)
rely
upon
other
mens
experience
,
but
on
our
owne
;
without
which
,
no
man
is
a
proper
disciple
of
any
part
of
natural
knowledge
;
nor
a
competent
judge
of
what
I
shall
deliver
concerning
Generation
;
for
without
experimentall
skill
in
Anatomy
,
he
will
no
better
apprehend
it
,
then
a
man
born
blind
can
judge
of
the
nature
and
difference
of
colours
;
or
one
born
deaf
,
of
Sounds
.
Therefore
(
discreet
Reader
)
trust
nothing
I
say
,
about
the
Generation
of
Animals
;
I
appeale
to
none
but
thine
eyes
.
For
since
every
perfect
Science
builds
upon
those
Principles
,
which
it
finds
out
by
Sense
:
we
must
have
a
special
care
,
that
by
customary
dissections
,
we
be
sure
those
Principles
are
safely
grounded
.
If
we
do
otherwise
,
we
may
get
a
tumid
and
floating
opinion
:
but
never
a
solid
and
infallible
knowledge
:
As
it
happeneth
to
those
,
who
see
forraign
countries
only
in
Mapps
,
and
the
bowels
of
men
falsly
described
in
Anatomical
tables
.
And
hence
it
comes
about
,
that
in
this
rank
age
,
we
have
many
Sophisters
,
and
Book-wrights
;
but
few
wise
men
,
and
Philosophers
.
And
thus
much
I
thought
fit
to
premise
as
a
Tast
,
that
you
may
understand
,
by
what
helps
I
my self
was
assisted
,
and
upon
what
consideration
I
was
induced
to
communicate
these
my
Observations
,
and
Experiments
:
and
that
you
treading
the
same
path
,
may
be
able
not
onely
to
be
in
equitable
Umpire
between
Aristotle
,
&
Galen
,
but
also
forsaking
al
subtleties
;
and
probable
conjectures
,
and
viewing
Nature
in
her
own
glass
,
may
search
out
many
other
things
yet
unrevealed
,
and
perhaps
more
precious
.
Of
the
former
matters
,
according
to
Aristotle
.
NO
kind
of
knowledge
is
innate
to
us
,
according
to
Aristotle
:
For
neither
Opinion
,
nor
Art
,
nor
Understanding
,
nor
Speech
,
nor
Reason
it self
,
are
in
us
by
nature
,
and
from
our
birth
;
but
all
these
are
of
the
linage
of
those
things
,
which
happen
to
us
from
without
,
according
to
nature
As
also
all
those
qualities
and
habits
which
are
esteemed
to
be
spontaneous
,
&
placed
within
our
own
power
;
such
are
Virtues
and
Vices
,
for
which
we
receive
neither
commendation
,
and
reward
,
or
disgrace
,
&
punishment
.
The
knowledg
therfore
of
any
thing
whatsoever
must
be
ou●
proper
purchase
.
But
which
are
the
first
principles
of
this
knowledge
,
is
not
the
scope
of
this
discourse
.
Yet
I
suppose
it
will
not
be
amiss
,
t●
premise
here
,
Whence
,
and
How
we
com●
to
know
,
that
we
may
attain
to
a
mo●●
perfect
understanding
of
the
Generation
Animals
,
and
also
take
away
any
scruple
which
any
man
might
raise
about
Aristotle
opinion
.
For
he
affirms
,
all
doctrine
,
an●
Analyt
.
post
.
l.
1.
c.
1.
Dianoetical
discipline
to
be
framed
out
of
precedent
knowledge
:
Whence
it
seems
to
insue
,
that
there
is
either
no
first
knowledge
or
else
that
that
first
knowledge
is
bo●●
with
us
;
which
is
dissonant
to
what
is
sai●
before
.
This
doubt
is
hereafter
cleared
by
Aristotle
Ib.
l.
2.
cap.
ult
.
himself
;
where
he
teacheth
th●
manner
how
knowledge
is
acquired
.
For
having
taught
,
that
all
certain
knowledge
is
gained
by
Syllogism
,
and
Demonstration
;
and
that
all
demonstrative
Syllogismes
,
are
built
upon
some
first
,
true
,
and
necessary
principles
;
he
at
last
inquires
,
how
principles
become
known
,
and
what
is
that
notifying
habit
;
as
also
,
whether
habits
are
begotten
,
since
they
were
not
in
us
before
;
or
else
,
whether
they
lurked
conceal'd
,
in
case
they
were
in
us
?
We
have
not
,
saith
he
,
those
habits
;
for
it
happens
that
they
are
hid
from
those
who
acquire
more
exquisite
knowledge
by
demonstration
.
But
if
we
receive
them
,
when
we
had
them
not
before
,
how
should
we
make
it
known
,
and
how
should
we
learn
out
of
a
non-preceding
knowledge
?
It
is
plaine
therefore
that
we
have
them
not
,
and
that
they
are
not
in
us
,
and
we
not
know
of
them
;
and
that
they
cannot
be
begotten
in
men
that
have
yet
no
habit
at
all
.
Wherefore
it
necessarily
follows
,
that
we
have
some
power
to
attain
them
,
and
yet
not
such
a
one
as
is
more
excellent
,
and
exquisite
then
they
.
Now
this
seems
to
be
a
common
thing
to
all
creatures
living
:
to
have
a
connate
power
of
Judging
,
which
is
called
Sense
.
Now
since
they
have
Sense
,
some
of
them
retain
in
them
the
things
they
perceive
by
sense
,
and
some
not
.
They
who
retain
not
,
have
either
no
knowledge
at
all
,
or
else
no
knowledge
of
what
they
do
not
retain
,
beyond
the
bare
sensation
it self
.
Others
do
retaine
in
their
Soul
something
of
what
they
perceive
.
And
since
there
are
many
such
,
they
are
thus
differenced
;
that
in
some
there
doth
result
a
certain
discourse
from
the
memory
of
things
retained
,
and
in
some
not
.
By
Sense
therefore
memory
is
made
,
as
we
say
;
and
out
of
a
frequent
remembrance
of
the
same
thing
,
is
experience
made
:
(
for
many
numerical
Remembrances
,
are
one
Experience
)
but
out
of
Experience
,
or
an
Universal
resting
in
the
soul
(
namely
out
of
one
,
which
is
distinct
from
the
many
particulars
,
and
is
one
and
the
same
in
all
of
them
)
is
raised
a
Principle
of
Art
,
and
Science
:
of
Art
,
if
it
relate
to
Generation
;
(
that
is
,
to
doing
,
or
effecting
;
)
of
Science
,
if
it
appertain
to
that
which
is
,
(
that
is
,
to
the
knowledge
of
an
Entity
simply
;
)
so
that
the
habits
we
speak
of
,
are
neither
naturally
in
us
,
neither
are
they
made
out
of
other
habits
more
known
,
but
they
proceed
from
Sense
.
By
which
words
of
Aristotle
,
it
evidently
appears
,
by
what
Order
the
knowledge
of
any
Art
,
or
Science
is
attained
:
Namely
,
by
Sense
there
remains
an
impression
of
the
thing
perceived
:
by
that
impression
is
made
a
remembrance
of
it
,
and
from
multiplied
memory
,
proceeds
Experience
:
from
Experience
,
Universal
Reason
,
Definitions
,
Maximes
,
or
common
Axioms
,
which
are
the
most
certain
Principles
of
knowledge
.
As
for
example
,
The
same
thing
,
under
the
same
capacity
cannot
possibly
be
,
and
not
bee
.
Every
Affirmation
,
or
Negation
,
is
either
true
or
false
;
and
so
forth
.
Wherefore
,
as
we
said
before
,
no
perfect
knowledge
,
which
may
be
called
ours
,
is
in
us
;
but
such
as
is
in
some
sort
derived
to
us
from
Experience
,
and
Sense
;
or
is
at
least
examined
,
and
approved
by
them
,
and
strongly
grounded
upon
some
knowledge
pre-existent
in
us
.
For
without
memory
,
there
can
be
no
experience
,
which
is
nothing
else
but
a
multiplied
memory
:
neither
can
memory
bee
,
without
a
remaining
impression
of
the
sensative
object
,
and
the
object
cannot
remaine
,
where
it
never
was
.
The
great
Dictator
of
Philosophy
hath
Metaph.
l.
1.
c.
1.
another
passage
to
this
purpose
.
All
men
naturally
desire
knowledge
.
And
this
is
evidenced
,
by
the
love
of
our
Senses
:
amongst
which
we
prefer
the
sight
;
because
this
chiefly
conveyeth
knowledge
to
us
,
and
distinguisheth
best
of
things
.
Now
naurally
Animals
are
sensative
:
but
some
of
them
remember
not
what
they
perceive
by
sense
,
and
some
do
.
And
for
this
cause
some
are
prudent
,
some
are
more
capable
of
discipline
then
others
that
remember
not
.
Prudent
,
without
being
taught
;
as
all
those
that
have
not
the
sense
of
hearing
,
as
Bees
,
and
all
such
other
kinds
of
creatures
;
But
all
creatures
may
be
taught
which
have
both
memory
,
and
hearing
too
.
Therefore
other
creatures
have
phansies
,
and
memories
,
but
have
no
title
to
experience
.
But
Men
have
Arts
,
and
Ratiocination
.
And
to
them
experience
comes
by
remembrance
:
for
many
recordations
of
the
same
thing
,
make
one
Experience
.
Wherefore
experience
seems
much
of
kin
to
Art
,
and
Science
.
For
by
experience
men
gain
both
Art
and
Science
.
For
Experience
begets
Art
(
as
Polus
rightly
notes
)
but
Inexperience
,
Chance
.
By
which
he
clearly
shews
,
that
no
man
Hence
it
is
,
that
Sophisters
and
halfe-knowing
men
,
polling
other
mens
inventions
,
saucily
impose
them
upon
us
for
their
own
;
(
shifting
onely
the
phrase
and
order
,
and
adding
some
impertinencies
of
their
own
)
and
render
Philosophy
(
which
ought
to
be
clear
and
perspicuous
)
obscure
,
intricate
,
and
confused
.
For
whosoever
they
be
that
read
authors
,
and
do
not
,
by
the
aid
of
their
own
Senses
,
abstract
true
representations
of
the
things
themselves
(
comprehended
in
the
authors
expressions
)
they
do
not
resent
true
Ideas
,
but
deceitful
Idols
,
&
Phantasms
;
by
which
means
they
frame
to
themselves
certaine
shadows
and
Chimaera's
,
and
all
their
theory
and
contemplation
(
which
they
count
Science
)
represents
nothing
but
waking
mens
dreams
,
and
sick
mens
phrensies
.
Give
me
leave
therefore
to
whisper
this
to
thee
(
friendly
Reader
)
that
thou
be
sure
to
weigh
all
that
I
deliver
in
these
Exercitations
,
touching
the
Generation
of
living
Creatures
,
in
the
steady
scale
of
experiment
;
and
give
no
longer
credit
to
it
,
then
thou
perceivest
it
to
be
securely
bottomed
,
by
the
faithful
testimony
of
thy
own
eyes
.
This
very
thing
did
Aristotle
perswade
us
to
;
who
when
he
had
discoursed
much
of
Bees
,
added
at
last
:
That
the
Generation
of
Bees
is
after
this
manner
,
appears
De
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
1.
by
reason
,
and
by
those
things
which
are
seen
to
come
to
pass
after
the
maner
of
Bees
.
Yet
have
we
not
a
sufficient
discovery
of
what
may
fall
out
.
Therefore
when
the
discovery
shall
be
compleated
,
then
is
Sense
more
to
be
trusted
to
,
then
Reason
.
For
so
far
onely
is
Reason
to
be
relied
upon
,
as
those
things
which
are
demonstrated
,
agree
with
those
things
which
are
perceived
by
sense
.
Of
the
Method
to
be
observed
in
the
knowledge
of
Generation
.
SInce
therefore
in
the
Generation
of
Animals
(
as
in
all
other
things
of
which
we
covet
to
know
any
thing
)
every
inquisition
is
to
be
derived
from
its
Causes
,
and
chiefly
from
the
Material
and
Efficient
;
it
seems
fit
to
me
,
looking
back
on
perfect
animals
(
namely
by
what
degrees
they
are
begun
,
and
compleated
)
to
retreat
,
as
it
were
,
from
the
end
to
the
beginning
:
that
so
at
last
when
there
is
no
place
for
farther
retreat
,
we
may
be
confident
we
have
arrived
at
the
principles
themselves
:
and
then
it
will
appear
,
out
of
what
first
matter
,
by
what
efficient
,
and
what
procession
the
plastick
power
hath
its
original
;
and
then
also
what
progress
Nature
makes
in
this
work
.
For
both
the
first
,
and
remoter
matter
,
appears
the
clearer
(
being
stripped
naked
as
it
were
)
by
Negation
;
and
whatsoever
is
first
made
in
Generation
,
that
is
,
as
it
were
,
the
material
cause
of
that
which
succeedeth
.
So
,
for
example
,
A
Man
,
was
first
a
Boy
(
because
from
a
Boy
he
grew
up
to
be
a
Man
;
)
before
he
was
a
Boy
,
he
was
an
Infant
;
and
before
an
Infant
,
an
Embryo
.
Now
we
must
search
farther
,
what
hee
was
in
his
Mothers
Womb
,
before
he
was
this
Embryo
,
or
Foetus
;
whether
three
bubbles
?
or
some
rude
and
indigested
lump
?
or
a
conception
,
or
coagulation
of
mixed
seed
?
or
whether
any
thing
else
?
according
to
the
opinion
of
writers
.
In
the
same
manner
,
before
a
Hen
or
Cock
came
to
perfection
,
(
and
that
is
called
a
perfect
Animal
,
that
can
beget
its
like
)
there
was
a
Chicken
;
before
that
Chicken
,
there
is
seen
in
the
egge
an
Embryo
,
or
Foetus
;
and
before
that
Embryo
,
Hieronymus
Fabricius
Aquapendens
hath
descried
the
rudiments
of
the
Head
,
Eyes
,
and
Spine
of
the
Back
.
But
where
he
affirms
,
that
the
Bones
are
made
before
the
Muscles
,
Heart
,
Liver
,
Lungs
,
and
all
the
Viscera
;
and
that
all
the
inward
parts
ought
to
exist
before
the
outward
;
he
relieth
upon
probability
,
rather
then
experience
;
and
laying
aside
the
verdict
of
sense
,
which
is
grounded
upon
dissections
;
he
flies
to
petty
reasonings
borrowed
from
mechanicks
:
which
is
very
unbeseeming
so
famous
an
Anatomist
.
For
he
ought
to
have
told
us
what
daily
changes
his
own
eyes
had
discovered
in
the
egge
,
ere
ever
the
Foetus
came
to
perfection
.
Especially
seeing
he
professedly
wrote
the
History
of
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
;
and
hath
described
in
pictures
what
progress
is
made
from
day
to
day
.
It
was
,
I
say
,
befitting
so
much
diligence
,
to
have
acquainted
us
from
the
allegation
of
his
own
sight
,
what
things
in
the
egge
are
made
first
,
what
last
,
and
what
happen
together
:
and
not
to
have
confined
himself
to
the
example
of
building
of
Ships
,
and
Houses
,
to
render
a
cloudy
conjecture
and
perswasion
only
,
of
the
order
,
and
manner
of
forming
the
parts
.
We
therefore
(
according
to
the
Method
proposed
)
will
explaine
,
first
in
an
Egge
,
and
afterwards
in
other
Conceptions
of
several
creatures
,
what
is
constituted
first
,
and
what
last
,
in
a
most
miraculous
order
,
&
with
a
most
inimitable
prudence
and
wisdome
,
by
the
great
God
of
nature
;
and
at
length
we
will
discover
,
what
we
have
found
out
,
concerning
the
first
matter
out
of
which
,
and
the
first
efficient
by
which
,
the
foetus
is
made
,
as
also
of
the
order
&
Oeconomy
of
Generation
:
that
thence
we
may
attain
to
some
infallible
knowledge
of
each
faculty
of
the
formative
and
vegetative
Soul
,
by
the
effects
of
it
;
and
of
the
nature
of
the
Soul
it selfe
,
by
the
parts
,
or
organs
of
the
body
,
and
their
functions
.
Now
this
indeed
we
could
not
perform
in
all
kind
of
Animals
;
because
some
of
them
cannot
be
gotten
;
and
others
again
are
so
exceeding
small
,
that
our
eyes
can
hardly
discern
them
.
Let
it
suffice
therefore
that
we
have
done
it
in
some
creatures
,
which
are
more
known
to
us
;
to
whose
platform
,
the
first
originals
of
all
other
creatures
may
be
reduced
.
We
have
made
choice
therefore
of
such
,
as
might
render
the
credit
of
our
experiments
lesse
questionable
,
namely
larger
,
and
perfecter
creatures
,
and
such
as
are
within
our
own
power
.
For
in
the
larger
creatures
,
all
things
are
more
conspicuous
;
in
the
perfecter
,
more
distinct
;
and
in
those
that
are
in
our
own
power
,
&
conversant
amongst
us
,
more
obvious
:
so
that
we
have
liberty
(
at
pleasure
)
by
searching
into
them
,
to
rescue
our
observations
from
wavering
hesitation
.
And
of
this
sort
,
in
the
race
of
Oviparous
creatures
,
are
Hens
,
Geese
,
Pigeons
,
Ducks
Eishes
,
Shel-fish
of
both
kinds
(
as
Lobsters
,
Oysters
,
&c.
)
Fishes
that
have
no
shells
at
all
,
Frogs
,
Serpents
:
also
Infects
,
as
Bees
,
Waspes
,
Butterflies
,
Silkworms
.
And
of
Viviparous
,
Sheep
,
Goats
,
Dogs
,
Cats
,
all
Cattel
that
divide
the
Hoofe
;
and
in
chief
,
the
perfectest
of
all
creatures
,
Man
himself
.
Having
thorough
insight
&
knowledge
of
these
things
,
we
may
then
contemplate
the
abstruse
nature
of
the
Vegetative
Soul
;
and
discern
in
all
creatures
what
ever
,
the
manner
,
order
,
and
causes
of
their
Generation
:
because
all
other
creatures
agree
either
generically
,
or
specifically
with
the
fore-cited
,
or
at
the
least
with
some
of
them
;
and
are
procreated
after
the
same
manner
of
generation
,
or
else
in
a
manner
proportioned
to
it
.
For
Nature
being
divine
,
and
perfect
,
is
always
consonant
to
her self
in
the
same
things
.
And
as
her
works
do
either
agree
or
differ
(
namely
in
kind
,
species
,
or
some
analogy
)
so
her
operation
(
that
is
to
say
,
generation
or
Fabrick
)
is
the
same
or
different
in
them
.
Whoever
entereth
this
new
,
and
unfrequented
path
,
and
inquires
for
truth
in
the
vast
volume
of
Nature
,
by
Anatomical
dissections
,
and
experiments
,
he
meets
with
such
a
croud
of
observations
,
and
those
too
in
such
exotick
shapes
,
that
to
unfould
to
others
the
mysteries
himself
hath
discovered
,
will
bee
more
toyl
,
then
the
finding
of
them
out
:
for
many
things
occurr
which
have
yet
no
name
;
such
is
the
plenty
of
things
,
and
the
dearth
of
words
.
So
that
if
a
man
should
cloath
them
in
Metaphors
,
and
express
his
new
inventions
by
old
words
,
and
such
as
are
in
use
:
the
Reader
could
no
more
understand
them
,
then
canting
:
and
would
never
be
able
to
comprehend
the
business
,
since
he
never
saw
it
.
And
then
again
to
mint
up
new
and
fictitious
terms
,
would
rather
cast
a
mist
,
then
enlighten
.
For
so
he
must
needs
express
things
unknown
,
by
that
which
is
lesse
known
:
and
the
Reader
would
be
more
afflicted
to
unriddle
the
words
,
then
to
understand
the
matter
.
And
therefore
Aristotle
by
unexperimented
persons
is
thought
obscure
:
And
this
perhaps
was
the
reason
,
why
Fabricius
ab
Aquapendente
chose
rather
to
describe
the
Fabrick
of
the
Chicken
in
the
Egge
by
tables
then
words
.
Therefore
be
not
offended
,
Courteous
Reader
,
if
in
setting
out
the
History
of
an
Egge
,
and
in
the
description
of
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
,
I
make
use
of
a
new
method
,
and
sometimes
of
unusual
terms
;
nor
think
me
hereby
more
desirous
of
vain-glory
,
then
of
advantaging
others
by
true
experiments
,
and
such
as
are
grounded
in
Natures
self
.
To
take
off
that
prejudice
,
know
,
I
tread
but
the
steps
of
other
men
who
have
lighted
me
the
way
,
and
(
so
farre
as
is
fit
)
I
make
use
of
their
notions
.
But
in
chief
,
of
all
the
Ancients
,
I
follow
Aristotle
;
and
of
the
later
Writers
,
Hieronymus
Fabricius
ab
Aquapendente
,
Him
as
my
General
,
and
This
as
my
Guide
.
For
as
they
which
finde
out
new
Plantations
,
and
new
Shores
,
call
them
by
names
of
their
own
coyning
,
which
Posterity
afterwards
accepts
and
receives
;
so
those
that
finde
out
new
Secrets
,
have
good
title
to
their
compellation
.
And
here
,
me
thinks
,
I
hear
Galen
advising
;
If
we
consent
in
the
things
;
contend
not
about
the
words
:
OF
GENERATION
.
The
Reason
why
we
begin
with
a
Henns
Egge
.
EXERCITATION
I.
HIeronymus
Fabricius
Aquapendens
(
whom
,
as
I
said
before
,
I
have
chosen
for
my
guide
)
in
the
beginning
of
his
Book
concerning
the
formation
of
the
Egge
and
Chicken
,
hath
these
words
:
My
purpose
is
to
treat
of
all
sorts
of
formation
of
the
foetus
,
taking
my
rise
from
that
which
proceeds
from
an
egge
;
For
this
ought
to
precede
all
other
discourses
of
this
nature
,
in
that
it
not
only
be
friends
us
with
a
more
easie
discovery
of
Aristotles
thoughts
concerning
this
matter
,
but
because
the
Treatise
of
framing
the
foetus
out
of
an
egge
is
much
the
fullest
,
and
exceeds
the
other
both
in
extent
,
and
difficulty
.
But
we
begin
our
discourse
from
the
history
of
an
Egge
,
both
for
the
reasons
by
him
recited
,
and
likewise
,
because
we
may
thence
borrow
more
infallible
grounds
,
which
(
in
regard
they
are
more
known
to
us
)
may
enlighten
us
to
contemplate
the
Generation
of
any
other
Animals
.
For
since
Egges
are
a
cheap
merchandize
,
and
are
at
hand
at
all
times
,
and
in
all
places
;
it
is
an
easie
matter
to
observe
out
of
them
,
which
are
the
first
evident
,
and
distinct
ground-works
of
Generation
;
what
progress
nature
makes
in
formation
,
and
with
what
wonderfull
providence
shee
governes
the
whole
worke
.
Fabricius
goes
on
:
That
the
contemplation
of
framing
the
foetus
out
of
Egges
is
the
largest
of
all
,
appeares
in
this
,
that
the
greatest
part
of
animals
are
begotten
of
egges
.
For
to
pass
by
almost
the
whole
race
of
Insects
,
and
imperfect
Creatures
,
which
sense
it self
discovers
to
spring
from
eggs
;
even
the
most
part
of
perfect
productions
are
of
that
extraction
.
Hither
he
referreth
,
All
sorts
of
Birds
;
and
of
Fishes
too
;
(
bating
only
Whales
)
also
Crusted-fish
,
Shell-fish
,
and
Fishes
without
scales
,
;
and
amongst
Terrestrials
,
all
Creeping
things
,
Creatures
that
have
numerous
feet
,
and
also
all
kindes
of
Serpents
;
and
amongst
four-footed
Beasts
,
all
sorts
of
Lizards
.
But
we
pronounce
(
as
shall
appeare
hereafter
)
all
animals
whatever
,
even
Viviparous
also
,
nay
man
himself
to
be
made
of
an
Egge
:
and
that
the
first
conceptions
of
all
living
creatures
which
bring
forth
young
,
are
certain
Egges
,
just
as
the
first
conceptions
of
all
Plants
are
certain
seeds
.
And
therefore
Empedocles
rightly
stiled
the
seeds
of
Plants
,
a
sort
of
Egges
.
The
history
therefore
of
Egges
is
most
spacious
,
because
it
yields
an
insight
into
all
kinde
of
generation
.
Wherefore
of
an
Egge
,
we
shall
first
shew
,
where
,
whence
,
and
how
it
is
made
.
And
then
,
by
what
means
,
order
,
and
degrees
,
the
foetus
or
chicken
is
fashioned
,
and
perfected
in
the
Egge
,
and
of
it
.
Here
again
Fabricius
:
The
productions
of
Animals
do
some
of
them
spring
out
of
Egges
,
some
out
of
Seed
,
and
some
out
of
Putrifaction
;
and
hence
it
is
,
that
some
are
called
oviparous
,
some
viviparous
,
others
the
issues
of
putrifaction
,
or
creatures
born
of
their
own
accord
;
by
the
Greeks
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
But
I
dislike
this
division
;
because
all
Animals
may
in
some
sort
be
said
to
be
born
out
of
Egges
,
and
in
some
sort
out
of
Seed
:
besides
,
they
are
stiled
Oviparous
,
Viviparous
,
or
Vermiparous
,
rather
from
the
issues
themselves
bring
forth
,
then
from
the
original
matter
of
which
themselves
were
made
;
namely
,
because
they
produce
an
Egge
,
a
Worm
,
or
a
living
Creature
.
Some
of
them
are
also
said
to
be
sponte
nascentia
,
creatures
born
of
their
own
accord
,
not
because
they
quicken
out
of
putrid
matter
,
but
because
they
are
begotten
by
chance
,
by
natures
own
accord
,
and
by
an
aequivocal
generation
,
(
as
they
call
it
)
and
by
parents
of
a
different
species
from
themselves
.
For
other
Animals
also
do
bring
forth
an
Egge
,
or
a
Worm
,
as
their
Conception
,
and
Seed
;
out
of
which
,
after
they
have
exposed
it
to
the
wide
world
,
they
produce
a
foetus
,
and
so
are
named
Oviparous
,
or
Vermiparous
.
But
now
the
Viviparous
are
therefore
so
called
,
because
they
retain
and
cherish
their
conception
,
or
seed
,
so
long
within
their
own
bowels
,
till
the
foetus
come
forth
shaped
,
and
alive
.
Of
the
place
of
Generation
.
EXERCITATION
II.
NAture
(
saith
Fabricius
)
was
first
solicitous
of
the
place
,
which
she
at
length
decreed
to
be
either
within
the
Animal
,
or
without
it
;
and
appointed
the
womb
to
be
the
place
,
within
the
creature
;
but
without
,
the
egge
:
in
the
womb
,
nature
generates
of
seed
and
blood
;
but
,
in
the
egge
,
of
such
parts
as
the
egge
is
made
of
.
For
whatsoever
is
begotten
of
seed
properly
so
called
,
is
begun
,
and
perfected
,
either
in
the
same
place
,
or
in
a
diverse
.
All
Viviparous
creatures
have
both
their
original
and
perfection
in
the
womb
it self
;
but
all
Oviparous
,
as
they
have
their
foundation
within
their
parent
,
and
there
become
an
egge
;
so
are
they
compleated
into
a
foetus
,
when
they
are
divided
from
their
parent
.
And
,
in
the
Catalogue
of
these
,
some
creatures
continue
their
eggs
so
long
within
themselves
,
till
those
eggs
be
ripe
,
and
accomplished
:
and
thus
doe
Birds
and
Beasts
too
,
as
many
as
bring
forth
eggs
;
and
serpents
likewise
.
But
others
againe
expose
their
seed
whiles
it
is
yet
unperfect
and
immature
,
to
acquire
its
growth
,
perfection
,
and
ripeness
from
abroad
:
and
thus
do
many
sorts
of
Fishes
,
Froggs
;
also
Fishes
without
scales
,
and
both
sorts
of
Shell-fish
,
and
Snails
,
whose
eggs
,
when
first
excluded
,
are
but
designes
or
beginnings
,
being
yolks
onely
,
which
do
afterward
invest
themselves
with
whites
,
and
by
degrees
attracting
,
concocting
,
and
affixing
aliment
to
themselves
,
become
perfect
seed
,
and
a
compleat
egge
And
of
this
kinde
also
is
the
seed
of
Insects
(
which
Aristotle
saith
is
a
Worme
)
which
being
exposed
incomplete
at
the
first
,
seek
their
own
food
,
and
so
thrive
,
and
enlarge
,
from
an
imperfect
egge
,
to
a
perfect
egge
,
and
seed
.
But
the
Henne
,
and
all
other
Oviparous
creatures
,
doe
lay
a
perfect
egge
;
of
which
,
from
without
the
womb
,
they
hatch
a
foetus
.
And
for
this
cause
Aquapendens
mentions
two
places
assigned
to
generation
;
one
Internal
,
namely
the
womb
;
the
other
external
,
which
he
calls
the
Egge
.
But
(
in
my
opinion
)
he
might
,
upon
better
grounds
,
have
called
the
Nest
,
or
Repository
,
the
external
place
;
because
in
that
the
exposed
seed
is
cherished
,
ripened
,
and
hatched
into
a
foetus
.
For
the
Generation
of
Oviparous
creatures
,
is
mainly
differenced
by
their
Nest
.
Nor
is
it
less
then
admirable
,
that
such
little
creatures
should
make
choice
of
these
receptacles
with
such
exquisite
prudence
;
and
shape
,
build
,
guard
,
and
conceale
them
,
with
such
unimitable
art
and
contrivance
:
whence
we
must
needs
conclude
(
with
the
Poet
treating
of
Bees
)
that
they
are
endowed
with
a
portion
of
divine
inspiration
:
and
that
we
may
easier
admire
their
uninstructed
art
and
prudence
,
then
attain
unto
it
.
Of
the
Ovary
,
or
upper
part
of
the
Henns
womb
.
EXERCITATION
III.
THe
womb
of
the
Henn
is
divided
by
Fabricius
,
into
the
Upper
,
and
the
Lower
;
the
Upper
hee
names
the
Ovary
.
The
seat
of
the
Ovary
is
next
under
the
Liver
at
the
spine
of
the
back
,
above
the
descending
trunk
of
the
great
Artery
.
For
just
in
that
place
where
in
bigger
sangineous
creatures
,
the
Coeliacal
artery
goes
into
the
Mesentery
,
namely
,
at
the
original
of
the
Emulgent
veines
,
or
a
little
lower
;
and
in
that
place
where
the
preparing
seed
vessels
which
go
down
to
the
Testicles
have
their
rise
,
in
all
other
sanguineous
&
viviparous
creatures
;
&
where
also
the
cock
wears
his
Testicles
,
there
is
the
Hens
Ovary
found
.
For
some
Animals
have
their
stones
hanging
out
,
others
conceal
them
about
the
Loins
within
;
in
a
middle
space
as
it
were
,
at
the
beginning
of
the
preparing
vessels
.
But
the
Cock
hath
his
stones
immediatly
adjoined
to
the
vasa
praeparantia
,
as
if
his
seed
wanted
no
preparation
.
Aristotle
indeed
saith
,
that
the
Egge
is
begun
at
the
midriffe
;
but
we
,
saith
Fabricius
,
in
our
treatise
of
Respiration
,
deny
that
Birds
have
any
midriffe
at
all
.
Which
difficulty
is
thus
resolved
:
Birds
are
not
quite
destitute
of
a
midriff
;
because
they
have
a
thinne
membrane
instead
of
the
midriff
;
which
Arist.
calls
cinctum
,
or
septum
:
but
they
have
no
musculous
midriffe
,
as
other
Animals
have
,
neither
is
it
used
by
them
for
Respiration
.
But
,
to
say
truth
,
Aristotle
acknowledged
no
muscles
at
all
.
Thus
,
in
one
and
the
same
breath
he
accuses
the
Philosopher
,
and
excuses
him
too
:
yet
hee
himself
is
in
an
Errour
the
while
.
For
it
is
certaine
,
that
Aristotle
did
acknowledge
muscles
(
as
we
have
elsewhere
observed
,
and
demonstrated
)
and
also
that
membranes
in
Birds
(
which
are
not
onely
placed
transversly
to
gird
the
body
,
but
are
also
extended
according
to
the
longitude
of
the
belly
)
do
supply
the
place
of
the
diaphragma
,
or
midriff
,
and
do
conduce
to
respiration
:
as
in
another
place
in
our
Exercitations
,
concerning
the
Respiration
of
animals
,
we
have
clearly
proved
.
And
,
to
say
no
more
at
present
,
Birds
do
not
onely
respire
with
much
more
facility
then
other
creatures
,
but
in
their
songs
doe
tune
and
accent
their
voices
with
manifold
variety
:
yet
,
notwithstanding
all
this
,
their
Lungs
are
so
knit
to
their
ribbes
and
sides
,
that
they
can
be
but
very
little
dilated
,
raised
up
,
or
contracted
.
Besides
all
this
,
(
though
no
man
to
my
remembrance
hath
ever
observed
so
much
before
)
their
Bronchia
,
or
extremities
of
the
rough
Artery
are
hollow
as
far
as
the
very
abdomen
,
and
they
treasure
up
the
inspired
aire
in
the
cavities
of
their
membranes
.
Even
as
Fishes
,
and
Serpents
draw
the
aire
into
large
bladders
,
which
are
seated
in
their
abdomen
or
belly
,
and
so
reserve
it
,
and
by
that
means
are
conceived
to
swim
the
better
:
and
as
froggs
,
and
toads
,
in
the
Summer
time
when
they
breathe
most
,
doe
imbibe
much
more
aire
then
at
other
times
into
their
numerous
vesicles
,
(
which
occasions
their
wondrous
swelling
)
that
so
they
may
afford
more
liberall
exspirations
in
their
croaking
:
So
in
Birds
,
the
Lungs
seem
rather
a
thorough-fare
,
and
a
passage
for
breathing
,
then
the
adaequat
organ
of
it
.
Which
had
Fabricius
observed
,
he
would
not
then
have
denyed
,
but
that
those
membranes
(
at
lest
with
the
assistance
of
the
muscles
of
the
belly
)
doe
serve
for
respiration
,
and
execute
the
office
of
a
diaphragma
:
since
even
that
is
not
a
respiratory
organ
,
without
the
help
of
the
muscles
of
the
belly
;
though
it
have
also
another
imployment
in
those
creatures
in
whom
it
is
musculous
,
and
fleshy
;
Namely
,
to
depress
the
stomack
enlarged
with
meats
,
and
the
guts
distended
with
winde
and
excrements
;
lest
the
heart
and
lungs
should
be
straitned
by
their
intrusion
,
and
the
closet
of
life
it selfe
invaded
.
Now
,
since
there
is
no
fear
of
any
such
mischance
in
Birds
,
their
midriffe
is
membranous
,
and
exceeding
advantagious
to
the
work
of
respiration
;
and
for
this
cause
they
are
said
to
have
a
diaphragma
.
Moreover
,
were
birds
quite
destitute
of
a
diaphragma
,
yet
Aristotle
were
not
to
be
blamed
,
for
saying
,
That
Eggs
receive
their
first
rudiment
at
the
septum
transversum
;
for
by
this
name
he
onely
points
at
the
place
where
the
diaphragma
is
commonly
found
in
other
Animals
.
So
we
also
say
,
that
the
Ovary
is
scituate
at
the
beginning
of
the
preparing
spermatical
vessels
,
though
a
Henne
hath
no
such
vessels
at
all
.
The
Perforation
of
the
Lungs
,
by
me
first
discovered
(
of
which
I
made
mention
but
now
)
is
in
no
sort
dark
and
obscure
;
but
,
in
Birds
especially
,
very
patent
:
so
that
in
an
Ostrich
I
found
many
perforations
,
into
which
I
could
easily
thrust
the
top
of
my
finger
.
In
a
Turkey
,
nay
in
an
ordinary
dunghill
Cocke
,
and
almost
all
Birds
whatsoever
,
a
probe
being
put
into
the
winde-pipe
,
will
finde
an
open
and
wide
passage
,
clean
through
the
lungs
into
the
cavities
of
the
abdomen
,
or
lower
belly
.
Blow
the
aire
into
their
lungs
with
a
pair
of
bellowes
,
and
you
shall
finde
it
hasten
into
the
lower
parts
,
and
that
not
without
a
sensible
force
.
Nay
,
we
may
very
well
question
whether
,
even
in
man
whilest
he
is
living
,
the
air
doth
not
penetrate
into
the
cavity
of
the
chest
,
by
the
aforesaid
passages
.
For
could
otherwise
the
putrefied
matter
of
impostumated
,
and
the
blood
shut
out
of
the
veins
of
pleuritical
persons
,
flow
from
thence
?
How
could
the
aire
,
when
the
breast
is
wounded
(
though
the
lungs
be
untoucht
)
rush
out
of
the
wound
?
or
how
could
injections
cast
into
the
cavity
of
the
chest
,
be
returned
again
with
the
spittle
?
But
of
this
at
large
in
our
Exercitations
,
of
the
Causes
,
Instruments
,
and
Use
of
Respiration
.
I
return
now
to
the
Ovary
,
and
the
upper
part
of
the
wombe
of
the
Henne
;
in
which
the
first
rudiments
of
the
Eggs
are
conceived
,
which
are
(
according
to
Aristotle
)
small
at
first
,
and
white
;
but
increasing
,
afterwards
become
of
a
pale
yellow
.
As
for
this
upper
womb
mentioned
by
Fabricius
,
the
truth
is
,
there
is
no
such
thing
at
all
,
till
the
Henne
have
conceived
,
and
hath
the
principles
of
Eggs
within
her
,
which
may
then
be
properly
called
a
cluster
of
wheals
.
And
therefore
he
saith
very
rightly
:
The
superiour
matrix
is
nothing
else
but
almost
an
infinite
crowd
of
yolks
,
which
are
amassed
in
one
heap
together
,
being
of
a
round
figure
,
and
of
diverse
magnitude
;
amongst
which
there
is
a
like
difference
from
the
greatest
to
the
least
,
as
between
a
grane
of
mustard-seed
and
a
walnut
,
or
a
medlar
.
This
multitude
of
yolks
are
united
and
knit
together
as
it
were
upon
a
bunch
:
and
therefore
I
call
it
a
Vitellary
,
or
a
bunch
of
yolks
,
because
it
much
resembles
a
bunch
of
grapes
.
As
Aristotle
also
said
of
fishes
that
want
scales
,
where
he
writes
,
That
their
eggs
are
laid
as
if
they
were
glewed
together
like
grapes
;
for
as
in
a
bunch
of
grapes
,
the
berries
are
some
biggest
,
some
less
,
and
some
least
of
all
,
and
each
is
tyed
to
its
proper
sprig
,
so
is
it
in
the
Vitellary
.
But
now
in
Fishes
,
Frogs
,
hard
or
crusted
Shell-fish
,
and
Snails
,
the
matter
is
much
otherwise
;
for
they
contain
in
them
Eggs
of
the
self-same
magnitude
;
which
being
discharged
,
do
grow
alike
,
are
perfected
alike
,
and
at
the
same
time
produce
yong
ones
.
But
in
the
Ovary
of
a
Henne
,
and
almost
of
all
other
Oviparous
creatures
,
there
is
a
distinct
increase
of
the
yolkes
,
from
almost
an
invisible
smalness
,
till
they
arrive
to
a
complete
magnitude
:
though
the
Eggs
of
Hennes
(
not
unlike
the
eggs
of
those
creatures
which
conceive
and
lay
their
egges
together
)
are
hatched
into
chickens
in
the
same
nest
,
almost
at
the
same
time
.
Yet
in
Pigeons
(
which
lay
,
and
hatch
onely
two
egges
at
a
time
)
I
have
observed
all
the
Eggs
in
the
Ovary
to
be
of
a
like
magnitude
,
excepting
only
those
two
which
were
greater
then
the
rest
,
and
were
now
ready
to
descend
into
the
second
uterus
,
or
womb
;
so
that
of
them
there
is
great
increase
,
not
by
the
multitude
of
their
young
at
once
,
but
by
the
frequency
of
their
repeated
births
,
which
happen
every
moneth
.
So
in
cartilaginous
Fishes
;
as
the
Thorn-back
,
the
Fork-fish
,
the
Dog-fish
,
&c.
two
eggs
are
only
ripe
at
a
time
,
and
falling
down
on
both
sides
from
the
right
and
left
horn
,
they
are
cherished
in
the
lower
womb
,
and
exclude
their
young
alive
(
as
the
Viviparous
creatures
do
:
)
yet
in
their
Ovary
they
have
almost
an
infinite
number
of
eggs
,
and
of
different
dimensions
;
in
the
Thornback
I
have
numbered
above
a
hundred
.
But
the
Eggs
of
other
oviparous
creatures
are
either
perfected
when
they
are
out
of
the
womb
,
as
the
eggs
of
fishes
;
or
at
least
concocted
,
as
the
eggs
of
snailes
,
of
hard
shell-fish
,
and
of
spiders
.
The
snailes
they
treasure
up
their
eggs
in
froth
;
crusted
shell-fish
,
(
as
shrimps
,
cray-fish
,
lobsters
)
carry
them
about
fastned
to
their
finnes
;
but
the
spider
beareth
them
about
with
her
,
as
it
were
in
a
basket
wrought
of
her
webbe
,
and
so
cherisheth
them
.
The
Beetle
wrappeth
her
eggs
in
dung
,
(
rowling
them
in
it
with
her
hinder
leggs
)
and
so
layeth
them
up
:
and
,
in
all
these
,
there
are
an
incredible
number
of
eggs
.
Fishes
have
two
oblong
bladders
,
or
bags
,
as
you
may
see
in
the
Carp
,
the
Herring
,
and
the
Smelt
;
in
all
which
,
as
there
is
no
womb
at
all
discernable
,
besides
the
Ovary
,
so
is
this
Ovary
sometimes
so
thronged
with
eggs
,
that
it
far
exceeds
the
bulk
of
the
whole
body
besides
.
Of
the
Ovaries
of
these
Carps
and
Mullets
,
amassed
together
,
and
salted
,
and
hardned
in
the
smoak
,
is
made
that
kinde
of
meat
so
much
in
request
with
the
Greeks
and
Italians
(
called
by
these
Botarcha
,
by
the
Greeks
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
that
is
to
say
,
pickled
eggs
)
such
as
is
that
which
is
found
in
our
red
Herrings
,
&
the
red
and
compacted
seed
within
a
Lobster
.
That
meat
which
is
made
of
the
salted
eggs
of
Sturgem
,
is
called
Caviare
,
which
resembleth
black
sope
,
and
is
the
delight
of
gluttons
.
In
all
fishes
(
which
have
a
numerous
offspring
)
so
great
abundance
of
egs
is
generated
,
that
the
whole
capacity
of
the
belly
can
hardly
contein
them
,
when
they
are
newly
conceived
,
much
less
when
they
are
of
any
growth
.
And
therefore
in
fishes
,
saving
their
Ovary
,
there
is
no
other
part
dedicated
to
generation
.
For
their
eggs
take
growth
abroad
;
nor
need
they
any
womb
for
that
office
.
And
this
Ovary
seems
to
carry
some
Analogie
to
the
resticles
,
or
litle
seminal
bladders
,
not
only
because
they
are
found
in
that
place
where
the
stones
are
bred
in
males
;
(
for
the
stones
in
Cocks
are
scituate
,
as
we
have
said
,
at
the
ingress
of
the
Coeliacal
artery
,
neere
the
midriff
,
and
there
the
Hens
Ovary
is
found
)
but
also
,
because
in
both
sexes
of
fishes
,
at
the
time
of
generation
,
there
are
two
litle
bags
passing
through
the
whole
belly
,
alike
in
site
,
figure
,
and
magnitude
;
which
increasing
at
the
same
time
,
are
filled
,
in
males
with
a
similary
,
spermatical
,
and
milky
substance
,
(
whence
it
is
called
fishes
milke
)
and
in
the
females
,
with
litle
invisible
graines
or
sands
;
so
that
in
the
beginning
of
conception
(
by
reason
of
their
close
fabrick
)
they
look
like
a
similar
body
,
and
like
the
males
milk
regularly
coagulated
,
and
may
afterwards
be
discerned
like
the
smallest
sands
clinging
together
in
their
proper
bags
.
In
lesser
Birds
(
which
bring
forth
egges
,
and
those
few
ones
,
but
once
a
year
)
you
will
scarce
finde
any
Ovary
at
all
;
but
just
where
the
stones
hang
in
males
,
there
in
females
,
instead
of
an
Ovary
,
are
found
three
or
four
bubbles
(
according
to
the
number
of
egges
,
whose
foundation
they
are
)
as
discernable
as
the
testicles
of
the
males
.
In
the
horns
of
the
Serpents
womb
(
which
are
like
the
spermatical
vessels
of
the
males
)
appear
the
first
rudiments
of
the
eggs
,
like
litle
balls
fastned
on
a
string
,
as
is
usual
in
womens
bracelets
,
or
chaplets
of
beads
made
of
amber
.
They
therefore
that
are
found
in
the
Vitellary
,
or
Ovary
,
are
not
to
be
counted
perfect
eggs
,
but
the
first
ground-works
or
rudiments
of
eggs
,
which
are
in
such
order
and
magnitude
disposed
in
the
bunch
,
that
one
may
daily
succeed
the
other
,
to
supply
the
hennes
laying
.
But
no
egge
in
the
Ovary
is
cloathed
with
a
white
,
for
onely
yolks
are
found
there
;
which
,
as
they
gain
growth
,
get
without
the
small
ones
;
that
being
arrived
to
a
larger
room
,
they
may
the
better
thrive
and
enlarge
.
And
therefore
that
of
Fabricius
is
very
true
,
where
he
saith
,
The
greater
yolks
of
the
bunch
are
in
the
surface
,
the
lesser
are
in
the
middle
,
encompassed
as
it
were
by
the
greater
;
lastly
,
the
least
of
all
lie
undermost
.
For
as
they
get
greater
bulk
by
growing
,
they
are
separated
from
their
fellowes
;
which
,
while
it
is
doing
,
every
yolke
,
besides
his
proper
coat
,
borroweth
another
from
the
Ovary
,
which
encompasseth
it
without
,
and
tyeth
it
to
the
foundation
from
whence
it
sprung
:
wherefore
by
Fabricius
it
is
called
pediolus
,
sive
pedunculus
,
the
stalk
,
because
by
its
means
,
as
the
fruit
draweth
nourishment
and
increase
from
the
tree
,
so
doth
the
yolk
from
the
cluster
.
For
this
stalk
is
a
membranous
hollow
fastning
,
which
is
extended
from
the
bottom
of
the
cluster
to
the
yolk
:
which
so
soon
as
it
arrives
at
,
it
is
dilated
,
and
(
just
as
the
optick
nerve
is
spread
in
the
eye
)
covereth
the
yolk
with
an
outward
coat
.
Hence
Aristotle
probably
called
it
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
that
is
,
the
litle
umbilical
appendix
,
or
pipe
.
This
litle
stalk
conveighs
with
it
many
vessels
into
the
yolke
,
through
which
they
are
many
waies
divaricated
.
These
things
are
indeed
truly
delivered
by
Fabricius
,
but
he
mistaketh
,
when
he
saith
,
This
coat
doth
not
environ
the
whole
yolke
,
but
onely
a
litle
more
then
half
of
it
,
just
as
the
cover
of
an
acorn
,
called
the
cup
:
whence
it
cometh
to
pass
,
that
the
outward
part
of
the
yolke
,
being
deserted
by
the
fore-mentioned
membrane
,
is
exposed
to
the
view
without
veines
,
and
appeareth
naked
.
For
it
embraceth
all
the
yolk
;
but
in
the
outward
part
of
the
yolk
,
it
is
not
easily
discerned
from
its
own
coat
,
because
they
both
are
very
thin
.
But
,
in
the
fore-part
,
where
the
yolk
respecteth
the
foundation
of
the
cluster
,
this
coat
adhereth
not
to
the
yolk
,
neither
doth
it
send
any
veines
into
it
,
but
only
begirts
it
like
a
bag
.
Every
yolk
assumeth
a
particular
coat
from
the
same
foundation
;
and
therefore
this
place
is
not
to
be
reputed
the
common
womb
,
since
nothing
is
here
to
be
found
,
beside
the
cluster
,
or
heap
of
many
eggs
,
of
different
magnitude
,
arising
from
the
same
foundation
.
Now
this
Foundation
is
a
particular
body
of
it self
,
arising
at
the
spine
of
the
Fowle
,
annexed
to
the
great
Artery
and
Vein
,
being
loose
,
porous
,
and
fungous
,
that
so
it
may
produce
divers
yolks
out
of
it self
,
and
afford
each
of
them
their
coats
;
which
coats
do
afterwards
stretch
,
as
the
yolks
enlarge
,
and
inclose
them
like
a
Bag
,
with
a
narrow
neck
,
but
a
large
belly
,
in
like
manner
as
glass-vials
are
fashioned
by
the
breath
of
the
Glass-maker
.
Fabricius
saith
further
;
The
yolks
,
as
they
spring
from
a
very
small
original
,
being
about
the
magnitude
of
the
seed
of
Millet
,
or
Mustard
,
so
they
are
very
litle
,
and
white
,
as
Aristotle
observes
,
and
do
also
increase
by
degrees
;
and
,
as
the
same
Aristotle
saith
,
grow
like
yolks
,
and
yellow
,
till
they
attain
the
just
magnitude
which
every
body
knoweth
them
to
be
of
.
But
I
have
observed
them
to
be
much
less
then
the
seeds
of
Millet
,
even
as
slender
as
the
smallest
wheals
,
or
spots
,
or
sands
,
(
such
as
I
have
told
you
are
found
in
the
Ovaries
of
Fishes
)
scarce
to
be
discovered
by
the
eye
it self
,
as
if
they
were
onely
the
ruggedness
of
the
membranes
of
that
part
from
whence
they
proceed
.
Of
the
Infundibulum
,
or
Tunnel
.
EXERCIT.
IV.
THe
next
part
of
the
Womb
of
the
Hen
,
is
by
Fabricius
called
the
Infundibulum
:
for
it
is
like
a
Tunnel
,
or
Trumpet
,
tending
down-ward
from
the
Ovdry
,
(
which
it
every
where
encompasseth
)
and
growing
wider
by
degrees
,
is
terminated
in
the
superiour
production
of
the
Womb.
This
Infundibulum
doth
afford
a
passage
to
the
yolks
(
when
their
stalks
are
broken
off
)
into
the
second
womb
(
as
Fabricius
thinketh
)
and
resembleth
the
Tunicae
vaginalis
,
or
coat
of
the
Testicles
in
the
Cod
,
consisting
of
an
exceeding
thin
membrane
,
and
easie
to
be
dilated
,
that
so
it
may
entertain
the
yolks
which
dayly
rowle
thither
,
and
conveigh
them
into
the
aforesaid
Uterus
.
Do
you
desire
an
Illustration
of
this
matter
?
fashion
in
your
minde
a
very
slender
plant
,
whose
knobby
roots
may
represent
the
cluster
of
yolks
,
and
its
trunk
the
litle
vaginal
,
or
sheath-like
pipe
:
as
the
stalks
of
that
herb
do
in
the
winter
dye
,
and
vanish
away
;
so
,
in
like
manner
,
when
the
Hen
ceaseth
to
lay
any
more
egges
,
the
entire
Ovary
,
together
with
the
Infundibulum
,
are
retired
,
and
abolished
,
and
(
like
useless
things
)
quite
dried
up
;
leaving
onely
the
fundamentum
remaining
,
and
some
tracks
and
footsteps
of
their
roots
.
That
this
Infundibulum
doth
onely
supply
the
office
of
a
thorow-fare
,
is
hence
enough
evinced
,
in
that
the
yolke
is
never
found
residing
in
it
:
but
as
the
Testicles
sometimes
do
through
the
Tunica
vaginalis
creep
upwards
into
the
Groin
,
and
as
those
Testicles
are
in
some
creatures
(
as
the
Hare
and
Mole
)
hidden
within
the
Abdomen
,
and
do
from
thence
again
return
and
descend
;
so
by
the
Infundibulum
do
the
yolkes
slide
down
from
the
Ovary
into
the
Uterus
;
and
it
supplieth
the
place
of
that
Tunnel
(
as
it
also
hath
its
form
and
shape
)
through
which
liquors
are
transmitted
,
from
one
vessel
into
an
other
of
a
narrower
neck
.
Of
the
Exteriour
part
of
the
Uterus
of
the
Henne
.
EXERCIT.
V.
FAbricius
prosecuteth
the
description
of
the
Uterus
,
after
the
Ovary
,
and
so
by
a
perverse
method
,
premitteth
the
treatise
of
the
superiour
part
,
and
production
of
the
womb
,
to
that
of
the
very
womb
it self
.
And
is
also
too
precise
and
conclusive
in
assigning
three
circles
to
it
,
and
in
determining
their
certain
scituations
,
when
indeed
themselves
are
uncertain
.
And
there
also
he
doth
preposterously
repeat
the
definition
of
the
Infundibulum
.
Give
me
leave
therefore
to
propose
here
my
Observation
,
and
history
of
the
Uterus
of
the
Henne
,
(
which
I
apprehend
to
be
more
commodious
,
according
to
Anatomical
method
)
and
to
proceed
from
the
outward
parts
to
the
inward
,
(
contrary
to
the
course
of
Fabricius
.
)
In
a
Henne
that
is
plucked
,
you
may
perceive
the
Fundament
,
not
(
as
in
other
creatures
)
gathered
up
into
a
ring
,
but
having
a
depressed
orifice
divided
transversly
,
shrunk
up
as
it
were
into
two
lips
,
the
superior
of
which
gathereth
the
inferior
into
it
,
and
so
covereth
and
concealeth
it
.
That
uppermost
lip
,
or
covering
,
ariseth
from
the
root
of
the
rump
;
and
,
as
the
upper
eye-lid
covereth
the
eye
,
so
doth
this
the
three
orifices
of
the
Privity
,
(
namely
that
of
the
Fundament
,
of
the
Uterus
,
and
of
the
Ureters
)
which
lye
retracted
under
this
covering
,
as
under
a
praepuce
,
or
fore-skin
:
as
in
the
Lap
of
a
Woman
,
the
passage
into
the
womb
and
bladder
is
vailed
by
the
labra
of
the
privity
,
and
the
parts
called
Nymphae
;
so
that
,
without
dissection
,
or
at
lest
some
forcible
retraction
of
that
covering
,
neither
the
passage
of
the
Excrements
out
of
the
guts
,
nor
of
the
Urine
out
of
the
Ureters
,
nor
of
the
Egg
out
of
the
Uterus
,
can
appear
in
a
Hen.
And
therefore
those
two
excrements
(
namely
the
Urine
,
and
the
Dung
)
are
rejected
both
together
,
as
out
of
a
receptacle
common
to
them
both
,
by
lifting
up
of
that
covering
,
&
so
disclosing
the
perforation
:
and
so
likewise
in
coition
,
the
Hen
unvaileth
her
lap
,
and
accommodateth
it
for
the
Cock
that
treadeth
her
:
as
Fabricius
observed
in
a
Turkey-Hen
,
which
courted
a
Cock
.
I
have
seen
an
Ostrich-Hen
(
when
her
Keeper
gently
stroked
her
back
,
with
designe
to
inflame
her
)
groveling
on
the
ground
,
lift
aside
that
vaile
,
and
expose
and
stretch
out
her
lappe
;
which
the
Cock
perceiving
,
being
instantly
cupidstruck
,
proceeded
to
tread
her
;
and
having
one
leg
on
the
ground
,
and
the
other
on
her
back
,
with
an
exceeding
large
Yard
(
of
the
dimensions
almost
of
a
Neats-tongue
)
pursued
his
attempt
:
great
was
the
noise
and
clamours
on
both
sides
,
and
their
necks
often
extended
and
retracted
,
and
many
other
expressions
of
content
.
Nor
is
this
proper
to
Birds
onely
,
but
common
also
to
other
Creatures
,
which
by
removing
aside
their
Taile
,
and
extending
their
Lap
,
prepare
themselves
to
receive
the
Male.
So
that
the
Tail
in
other
creatures
seems
to
be
almost
of
the
same
use
,
with
the
Vail
in
the
Hen
,
which
,
unless
it
be
removed
,
or
lifted
up
,
there
is
neither
passage
for
the
excrements
,
nor
the
addresses
of
the
Male.
In
Hinds
and
Does
(
as
if
they
were
more
severely
chast
then
other
beasts
)
such
a
skreen
of
modesty
,
and
skinney
covering
,
shrowdeth
both
the
lap
,
and
passage
of
urine
,
which
must
of
necessity
be
lifted
up
,
ere
they
can
have
conversation
with
the
Male.
In
Beasts
also
that
have
tailes
,
there
must
be
an
elevation
of
them
,
before
they
can
bring
forth
their
young
.
And
Midwives
also
,
by
unction
and
retrusion
of
the
extremity
of
the
os
sacrum
,
do
facilitate
womens
labours
.
A
certain
Chirurgion
of
my
acquaintance
,
an
honest
man
,
being
returned
from
the
East-Indies
,
told
me
upon
his
credit
,
that
in
the
Island
called
Bornea
,
in
the
Inland
and
Hilly
parts
of
it
,
there
are
a
race
of
men
born
with
Tails
,
(
as
Pausanias
writes
of
another
place
)
and
that
he
saw
a
Virgin
of
that
flock
,
whom
they
had
much
ado
to
catch
,
(
for
they
are
wilde
)
who
had
a
fleshy
,
thick
tail
,
a
span
long
,
reflected
between
her
leggs
,
to
conceale
her
modesty
:
such
care
hath
nature
to
hide
those
parts
.
The
fabrick
of
this
Covering
in
a
Hen
,
is
like
to
that
of
the
upper
lid
of
the
eye
,
composed
of
skin
,
and
of
a
fleshy
and
musculous
membrane
,
with
fibers
every
where
drawn
from
the
circumference
to
the
Center
;
and
its
inward
superficies
,
like
that
of
the
eye-lid
,
and
fore-skin
,
is
soft
.
It
hath
also
in
its
extremity
a
semicircular
small
gristle
,
like
the
Tarsus
of
the
eye-lid
:
and
,
beside
that
,
between
the
skin
,
and
fleshy
membrane
,
a
cartilaginous
interstitium
,
from
the
root
of
the
rump
joined
in
a
right
angle
to
the
semicircular
Tarsus
,
or
gristle
:
(
as
Batts
have
a
kind
of
litle
taile
,
concealed
under
their
membranous
wings
)
by
reason
of
which
composition
,
this
covering
doth
,
as
it
were
with
a
taile
,
shelter
and
hide
the
perforations
of
the
privities
.
Wherefore
,
no
sooner
is
this
protection
cut
away
,
but
certain
perforations
appear
,
whereof
some
are
more
apparent
,
others
more
obscure
.
The
more
visible
,
are
that
of
the
fundament
,
and
the
lap
;
namely
,
the
passage
of
the
excrements
,
and
the
entrance
into
the
womb
:
the
obscurer
are
,
as
well
that
through
which
the
urine
flowes
from
the
kidnies
,
as
also
that
smaller
one
found
out
by
Fabricius
,
into
which
(
saith
hee
)
the
Cock
doth
immit
his
seed
;
which
cavity
notwithstanding
Antonius
Ulmus
a
diligent
dissector
in
Aldrovandus
did
not
own
,
nor
any
one
else
besides
Fabricius
,
so
far
as
I
The
making
of
this
cavity
is
such
,
as
if
both
the
excrements
descended
into
the
Bladder
,
and
nature
did
abuse
the
urine
into
a
natural
clyster
.
And
therefore
it
is
something
thicker
and
ruggeder
then
the
gut
,
and
also
in
ejection
and
coition
,
thrusts
it self
out
,
(
the
covering
,
as
I
have
said
,
being
removed
)
and
hangeth
out
like
the
inside
of
the
gut
:
and
at
that
time
all
the
holes
appear
distinctly
;
which
presently
again
upon
its
retraction
,
being
collected
as
it
were
into
a
purse
,
are
hidden
out
of
sight
.
The
more
conspicuous
Holes
,
(
namely
that
of
female
genital
,
is
seated
foremost
,
between
the
right
gut
and
the
bladder
:
but
in
those
,
the
passage
of
the
Excrement
is
placed
foremost
,
and
between
that
passage
and
the
rump
,
the
passage
into
the
matrix
.
But
that
Hole
into
which
Fabricius
thinketh
the
seminal
humour
at
all
in
it
;
though
Fabricius
affirmeth
,
that
the
semen
is
there
reserved
as
in
a
purse
,
for
a
whole
year
together
,
and
that
in
the
interim
all
the
eggs
receive
fecundity
from
thence
,
as
shall
be
discoursed
hereafter
.
All
Birds
,
Serpents
,
Four-footed
beasts
,
which
are
Oviparous
,
and
Fishes
also
,
(
as
is
evident
in
Carps
)
Bladder
of
Urine
.
In
a
Hen
,
the
Ureters
descend
form
the
Kidnies
on
both
sides
,
(
which
Kidnies
are
large
and
ample
and
seated
in
the
cavity
or
hollow
of
the
back
and
do
end
in
the
cavity
or
common
sink
.
But
their
Out-let
is
so
obscure
,
and
concealed
in
the
very
entrance
of
the
cavity
,
that
to
discover
it
from
without
,
or
to
search
it
with
the
most
slender
probe
,
is
altogether
impossible
.
Nor
is
it
indeed
any
great
wonder
;
for
in
all
creatures
,
even
in
the
greatest
of
all
,
the
insertion
of
the
Ureters
neer
the
neck
of
the
Bladder
,
is
dark
and
winding
,
that
(
though
urine
,
nay
and
stones
too
do
sometimes
glide
through
them
into
the
bladder
)
not
so
much
as
the
aire
it selfe
can
go
back
that
way
,
nor
the
urine
,
be
it
never
so
much
forced
.
All
these
things
are
clear
in
an
Ostrich
;
in
which
I
have
found
,
beside
the
outward
orifice
of
the
common
cavity
,
which
was
vailed
by
the
Covering
;
another
orifice
within
the
Fundament
,
which
was
round
and
gathered
up
,
and
shut
as
it
were
with
a
sphincter
muscle
.
But
to
pass
these
,
and
return
to
our
purpose
.
The
Orifice
of
the
Womb
,
or
Lap
;
namely
the
passage
out
of
the
publik
cavity
into
the
womb
of
rising
,
loose
,
wrinkled
,
and
orbicular
;
just
like
the
end
of
the
Fore-skin
closed
up
,
or
a
prominence
of
some
interiour
coat
of
the
matrix
.
But
it
is
scituate
(
as
I
said
before
)
between
the
perforation
of
the
fundament
and
the
rump
,
tending
something
to
the
left
hand
;
which
Ulysses
Aldrovandus
conceives
so
to
be
disposed
,
for
more
convenient
coition
,
and
more
commodious
reception
of
masculine
incursion
.
But
I
have
often
observed
,
that
the
Hen
doth
indifferently
incline
her
back
parts
towards
the
Cock
,
on
which
side
soever
he
prepare
his
ascent
,
be
it
on
the
right
or
left
.
I
finde
no
Penis
,
or
Yard
at
all
in
a
Cock
,
neither
could
Fabricius
finde
any
,
though
it
appear
most
manifest
in
Drakes
,
and
Ganders
.
But
,
instead
thereof
,
I
finde
an
Orifice
in
a
Cock
(
not
different
from
that
of
a
Hen
)
but
it
is
less
,
and
narrower
;
which
Orifice
is
like
wise
found
in
the
Swan
,
the
Drake
,
and
the
Gander
:
but
the
Penis
of
the
Drake
and
Gander
(
in
the
act
of
Coition
)
is
sent
out
of
this
orifice
.
In
a
black
Drake
,
I
saw
a
Penis
of
that
extent
,
that
after
coition
,
the
Duck
pursued
it
as
it
trailed
upon
the
ground
,
with
intent
to
devour
it
;
(
deeming
,
as
I
suppose
,
that
it
had
been
a
worm
)
which
occasioned
the
Drake
to
retract
it
sooner
then
his
custom
is
.
In
a
Male-Osirich
,
I
found
,
within
this
orifice
of
the
Privy-parta
a
very
large
glans
,
or
nut
of
the
yard
,
and
a
ruddy
nerve
,
of
the
form
and
magnitude
of
a
Deers
tongue
,
or
small
Neats
tongue
;
which
I
observed
him
many
times
brandish
in
coition
,
stiffe
,
and
something
embowed
:
which
,
when
he
had
dispatched
into
the
female
,
he
detained
there
a
good
space
,
without
any
commotion
of
these
parts
at
all
,
as
they
had
been
staked
together
;
yet
all
the
while
strange
were
the
gesticulations
of
their
Heads
and
Necks
(
as
if
they
had
approved
their
Nuptials
)
proclaiming
their
full
complacence
.
I
have
read
in
D.
du
Val
,
a
most
learned
Physitian
of
Rouen
,
that
a
certain
Hermaphrodite
was
delivered
up
to
the
Chirurgians
and
Midwives
,
to
determine
whether
he
was
a
Man
or
a
Woman
.
They
,
upon
discovery
,
judged
him
to
be
a
woman
;
and
thereupon
he
was
enjoined
to
habit
himselfe
like
one
of
that
sex
.
He
notwithstanding
was
in
the
mean
time
accused
of
soliciting
women
,
and
playing
the
mans
part
.
And
at
last
he
had
a
penis
issuing
out
of
its
hidden
prepuce
,
(
as
out
of
a
womans
secrets
)
which
executed
the
mans
office
.
I
my self
once
saw
a
mans
penis
so
shrunk
up
(
excepting
onely
when
it
was
provoked
)
that
nothing
appeared
in
the
wrinkled
prepuce
above
the
scrotum
,
but
the
meer
extremity
of
the
Glans
.
In
a
Horse
,
and
some
other
creatures
,
the
vast
dimension
of
that
part
is
shut
forth
from
within
.
In
a
Mole
also
,
that
litle
Animal
,
there
is
a
great
retraction
of
the
penis
into
the
skin
and
muscles
of
the
Abdomen
;
and
his
female
also
hath
a
longer
and
deeper
Matrix
then
is
usual
.
I
conceive
,
it
is
with
a
Cock
,
who
hath
no
penis
,
as
it
is
with
the
lesser
sort
of
Birds
;
which
quickly
conclude
their
acts
of
coition
,
and
do
perform
them
by
affriction
onely
.
For
the
Orifices
of
the
Privities
(
of
the
Cock
and
Hen
)
by
often
conjunction
,
as
by
repeated
salutes
,
do
celebrate
coition
,
not
by
one
continued
inition
,
(
which
orifices
being
turned
outward
,
do
protuberate
,
wax
stiffe
,
and
stretch
after
the
manner
of
a
Glans
;
especially
that
of
the
Cock
,
which
onely
doth
outwardly
press
upon
the
female
,
and
,
as
I
suppose
,
doth
not
enter
in
.
In
the
Coition
of
Horses
,
Dogs
,
and
Cats
,
and
other
creatures
,
when
the
male
presenteth
his
penis
,
the
female
proportioneth
her
parts
stiffe
,
and
extended
.
And
Birds
also
that
are
tame
,
suffer
themselves
to
be
gently
stroked
,
and
swelling
with
Venereal
appetite
,
expose
that
Orifice
,
which
you
may
by
your
finger
perceive
to
be
hardened
and
resisting
.
Nay
sometimes
birds
are
so
lustfull
,
that
if
you
only
gently
smooth
their
backs
,
they
will
instantly
incline
,
and
extend
and
make
bare
their
Uterine
Orifice
;
which
if
your
finger
softly
comply
with
,
they
will
declare
their
accepted
recreation
,
in
extravagant
murmurs
,
and
flutterings
of
their
wings
.
And
that
the
females
will
even
thence
conceive
eggs
,
both
Aristotle
beareth
witness
,
and
I
my self
have
found
in
a
Thrush
,
a
Black-bird
,
and
others
:
and
this
experiment
I
gained
long
since
,
and
by
chance
,
but
at
my
own
cost
.
For
my
wife
had
an
excellent
,
&
a
well
instructed
Parrat
,
which
was
long
her
delight
;
which
was
now
grown
so
familiar
,
that
he
was
permitted
to
walk
at
liberty
through
the
whole
house
:
where
he
missed
his
Mistresse
,
he
would
search
her
out
,
and
when
he
had
found
her
,
he
would
court
her
with
a
cheerfull
congratulation
.
If
she
had
called
him
,
he
would
make
answer
,
and
flying
to
her
,
he
would
grasp
her
garments
with
his
claws
,
and
bill
,
till
by
degrees
he
had
scaled
her
shoulder
;
whence
he
descending
by
her
arm
,
did
constantly
seat
himself
upon
her
hand
.
If
she
bad
him
talk
,
or
sing
,
were
it
night
,
and
never
so
darke
,
he
would
obey
her
.
Many
times
when
he
was
sportive
and
wanton
,
he
would
sit
in
her
lap
,
where
he
loved
to
have
her
scratch
his
head
,
and
stroke
his
back
,
and
then
testifie
his
contentment
,
by
kinde
mutterings
,
and
shaking
of
his
wings
.
I
still
interpreted
all
this
to
proceed
from
his
customary
familiarity
and
obsequiousness
,
for
I
alwaies
thought
him
to
be
a
Cock-Parrat
,
by
his
notable
excellence
in
singing
and
talking
.
For
amongst
Birds
,
the
females
seldom
sing
,
or
provoke
to
discourse
;
but
the
males
onely
charm
the
females
by
the
pleasant
musick
of
their
voice
,
and
allure
them
to
pay
their
homage
to
Venus
.
And
therefore
Aristotle
saith
,
If
Partridge-hennes
stand
Hist.
an
.
l.
5.
c.
5.
and
l.
6.
c.
2.
over
against
the
cocks
,
and
the
winde
blow
from
whence
the
cocks
are
,
they
conceive
and
grow
big
,
and
for
the
most
part
,
they
teem
even
by
the
voice
of
the
cock
,
if
they
be
at
that
time
wanton
and
lustfull
:
and
this
also
may
fall
out
from
the
cocks
flying
over
them
;
namely
if
the
cock
do
transmit
a
fructifying
spirit
into
the
Hen.
And
this
happens
chiefly
in
the
Spring-time
;
whence
the
Poet
:
Vere
tument
terrae
,
&
genitalia
semina
poscunt
.
Tum
Pater
Omnipotens
foecundis
imbribus
aether
.
Conjugis
in
gremium
laetae
descendit
,
&
omnes
Magnus
alit
,
magno
commistus
corpore
,
foetus
.
Avia
tum
resonant
avibus
virgulta
sonoris
,
Et
Venerem
certis
repetunt
armenta
diebus
.
Earth
swells
in
Spring
,
and
fertile
seed
requires
,
Descending
Aether
with
her
vote
conspires
,
And
fruitful
showrs
cheer
his
glad
consorts
hart
,
Which
do
to
all
her
Issues
growth
impart
.
The
Desart
woods
are
then
the
shrill
Birds
Quire
,
And
all
Beasts
are
inflam'd
with
Venus
fire
.
But
not
long
after
these
kinde
dalliances
,
the
Parrat
,
which
had
lived
many
years
sound
and
healthy
,
grew
sick
,
and
being
much
oppressed
by
many
convulsive
motions
,
did
at
length
deposite
his
much
lamented
spirit
in
his
Mistresses
bosom
,
where
he
had
so
often
sported
.
When
dissecting
his
carkase
,
(
to
finde
out
the
cause
of
his
death
)
I
found
in
the
womb
an
egge
almost
completed
,
but
,
for
want
of
a
Cocke
,
corrupted
.
Which
many
times
befalleth
those
Birds
,
that
are
immured
in
Cages
,
when
they
covet
the
society
of
the
Cock.
By
this
and
other
examples
,
I
am
induced
to
believe
,
that
the
Dunghill-Cock
,
and
the
Cock-Pheasant
,
doe
not
onely
delight
their
Hennes
by
their
voices
,
but
also
do
confer
something
by
those
very
voices
to
the
conception
of
the
egges
:
for
even
at
night
,
some
of
the
Hens
at
roost
with
him
,
do
bestirre
themselves
at
the
Cocks
crowing
,
shaking
their
heads
and
wings
;
as
if
possessed
by
a
gentle
horrour
,
their
senses
were
ravished
as
after
Coition
.
A
certain
Fowle
,
as
big
again
as
a
Swan
,
was
not
long
since
brought
into
Holland
out
of
Java
,
a●
Island
of
the
East-Indies
,
which
fowle
the
Dutchmen
called
a
Cassoware
:
the
figure
of
this
fowle
Aldrovandus
representeth
,
and
saith
,
that
the
Indians
Ornith
.
lib.
20.
p.
541.
call
it
Eme
:
it
is
not
cloven-footed
,
as
the
Ostrich
,
but
hath
three
claws
on
every
foot
;
one
of
which
is
armed
with
so
long
,
so
hard
,
and
so
strong
a
spurre
,
that
it
will
easily
pierce
through
an
Inc●board
.
Now
its
manner
of
smiting
is
forward
;
its
body
,
legs
,
and
thighes
,
are
like
an
Ostriches
,
but
it
hath
not
a
broad
bill
,
as
the
Ostrich
hath
,
but
a
roun●
and
black
one
.
Instead
of
a
crest
,
it
hath
upon
the
head
a
round
extuberant
horn
;
it
hath
no
tongue
at
all
;
eateth
any
thing
without
distinction
,
be
it
stones
,
or
coales
,
and
those
red-hot
too
,
likewise
pieces
of
glass
;
it
hath
two
feathers
springing
out
from
every
quill
,
and
those
black
,
short
,
and
thinne
,
approaching
to
the
nature
of
hair
,
or
down
;
it
hath
very
litle
wings
,
and
imperfect
;
it
is
a
creature
of
a
horrid
aspect
,
and
hath
long
red
and
blew
gils
hanging
down
the
neck
(
like
a
Turkey-Cock
.
)
This
fowle
continued
in
Holland
above
seven
yeares
,
and
afterwards
Maurice
,
the
most
Illustrious
Prince
of
Orange
sent
it
,
with
other
things
,
for
a
Present
to
King
James
,
in
whose
gardens
it
lived
above
five
yeares
:
but
afterward
,
when
two
Ostriches
,
Cock
and
Hen
,
chanced
to
be
kept
in
the
same
place
,
and
the
Cassoware
oftentimes
over-heard
them
at
the
act
of
coition
,
being
but
in
the
next
pennes
(
where
they
were
fed
apart
)
She
unexpectedly
conceived
egges
(
stirred
up
,
as
I
suppose
,
by
a
certain
sympathy
,
from
those
that
were
something
of
the
same
kin
and
linage
with
her
)
yet
all
that
saw
her
,
did
conjecture
she
was
rather
a
Cocke
,
then
a
Henne
,
considering
her
we
apons
and
martiall
provisions
.
One
of
these
egges
she
laid
whole
and
entire
,
which
I
opened
and
found
it
compleat
;
for
it
had
a
white
embracing
the
yolk
round
about
,
together
with
the
chalazae
,
or
specks
like
hailestones
annexed
on
both
sides
,
and
also
a
litle
cavity
or
emptiness
in
the
obtuse
end
of
it
:
there
was
likewise
the
cicatricula
,
the
litle
cicatrice
,
or
whitish
speck
;
the
shell
was
thick
,
hard
,
and
strong
,
which
I
caused
to
be
made
into
a
cup
(
the
top
being
taken
off
)
such
as
is
usually
made
of
the
Ostriches
egge
.
This
egg
was
something
less
then
an
Ostriches
egg
,
but
every
way
perfect
,
as
I
said
before
;
yet
without
all
question
it
was
but
a
subventaneous
and
an
unfruitfull
one
,
by
reason
of
the
want
of
a
Cock
.
But
at
the
same
time
as
she
brought
forth
the
egge
,
I
did
presage
she
her self
would
die
;
and
that
according
to
Aristotle
,
who
saith
,
That
Birds
will
be
sick
and
dye
,
unless
they
bring
forth
,
which
fell
out
not
long
Gen.
an
.
l.
3
after
:
and
dissecting
her
,
I
found
an
imperfect
and
corrupt
egge
in
the
Upper
end
of
her
Uterus
,
which
caused
her
untimely
death
,
(
as
I
had
formerly
observed
in
the
Parrat
and
other
Birds
.
)
Most
Birds
,
by
how
much
the
more
salacious
they
are
,
so
much
the
more
fruitfull
are
they
;
and
sometimes
doe
without
a
Cock
(
either
from
high
feeding
,
or
some
other
cause
)
conceive
eggs
,
which
very
seldom
are
either
perfected
,
or
brought
forth
at
all
,
without
the
use
of
a
Cock
;
but
they
thenoe
fall
into
desperate
diseases
,
and
at
length
dye
.
But
the
Dunghill-henne
doth
not
onely
conceive
egges
,
but
lay
them
also
;
and
those
perfect
too
,
but
yet
subventaneous
and
barren
ones
.
So
also
many
of
the
Insects
(
in
whose
list
are
Silk-worms
and
Butterflies
)
do
both
conceive
,
and
lay
egges
,
without
conjunction
with
the
male
,
(
as
fishes
also
)
but
they
are
all
addle
,
and
wind-eggs
.
As
if
it
were
the
same
thing
for
these
creatures
to
be
with
egge
,
as
for
virgins
to
have
their
wombs
grow
warm
;
their
termes
flow
,
their
breasts
increase
,
and
(
in
a
word
)
to
become
marriageable
;
which
if
they
be
too
long
detained
from
,
they
are
assaulted
with
dangerous
symptoms
;
(
namely
hysterical
affections
,
or
furor
Uterinus
)
or
else
fall
into
the
green
sickness
,
and
severall
other
distempers
.
For
all
Creatures
,
when
they
are
love-struck
,
grow
extravagant
,
and
if
debarred
of
enjoyment
,
do
at
length
recede
much
from
their
usual
temper
.
Hence
some
women
grow
frantick
for
love
;
and
this
extravagancy
is
so
outragious
in
some
,
that
they
seem
bewitched
,
planet-strucke
,
or
possessed
.
And
this
inconvenience
would
be
frequent
,
did
not
pious
education
,
respect
to
their
reputation
,
and
in-bred
modesty
,
temper
and
asswage
these
inordinate
commotions
of
the
minde
.
Of
the
Privities
of
a
Henne
.
EXER
.
VI.
FRom
the
exterior
uterine
orifice
,
is
the
passage
to
the
inner
parts
,
and
matrix
,
in
which
the
egge
is
perfected
:
and
this
passage
in
other
creatures
is
termed
vagina
uteri
,
or
vulva
,
into
which
the
males
penis
is
transmitted
to
the
matrix
.
But
in
a
Hen
,
this
passage
is
so
perplexed
,
and
so
wrinckled
and
folded
,
by
reason
of
the
laxity
of
its
inward
coat
,
that
though
there
be
an
easie
passage
from
the
matrix
outward
,
insomuch
that
a
very
great
egge
can
come
forth
without
any
great
difficulty
;
yet
that
the
masculine
penis
should
get
in
,
and
that
the
seed
should
finde
admission
into
the
inner
cavity
of
the
Uterus
,
is
scarce
probable
:
for
I
could
not
trace
a
way
inward
,
with
either
probe
,
or
bristle
,
nor
could
Fabricius
neither
;
nay
,
if
you
will
credit
his
testimony
,
the
very
aire
cannot
be
blown
into
the
womb
:
which
,
I
suppose
,
was
the
cause
why
he
,
describing
the
history
of
the
Egge
,
proceedeth
from
the
interiour
to
the
exteriour
parts
:
And
also
considering
this
fabricke
of
the
womb
,
he
denyeth
Cockes
seed
into
the
womb
or
egge
.
But
yet
though
all
the
egges
are
,
without
the
accession
of
the
Cock
,
subventaneous
and
addle
;
yet
by
his
assistance
(
even
for
a
good
while
after
his
treading
)
the
subsequent
egges
,
of
which
there
is
yet
no
principle
,
or
matter
out
of
which
they
can
be
made
,
become
fertile
.
Fabricius
,
that
he
may
express
after
what
manner
the
seed
of
the
Cock
maketh
the
egges
fertile
,
Since
no
seed
at
all
appeareth
in
the
egge
,
and
yet
it
is
cast
by
the
cock
into
the
womb
,
it
may
be
demanded
,
to
what
purpose
the
cocks
seed
is
cast
into
the
womb
,
if
it
pass
not
into
the
egge
?
as
also
,
if
the
seed
be
not
in
the
egge
,
how
can
the
egge
be
made
fertile
by
that
seed
which
is
not
in
it
?
My
opinion
is
,
that
the
seed
of
the
cocke
injected
into
the
beginning
of
the
womb
,
doth
make
the
whole
womb
,
and
also
all
the
yolks
that
come
into
it
,
and
lastly
,
the
whole
egge
,
fertile
;
and
that
it
doth
this
by
its
vertue
,
or
spiritual
irradiating
substance
;
after
the
same
manner
,
as
we
perceive
other
creatures
become
fertile
,
by
the
testicles
,
and
seed
:
for
if
any
man
consider
that
incredible
transmutation
,
which
doth
seize
upon
a
creature
that
is
gelded
,
by
which
it
looseth
its
heat
,
vigour
,
and
fecundity
in
the
whole
body
;
he
will
easily
consent
,
that
what
we
say
,
may
well
befall
the
single
womb
of
a
Hen.
But
that
it
is
most
true
,
that
the
power
of
rendering
all
the
egges
fertile
,
together
with
the
womb
it self
,
proceedeth
wholly
from
the
seed
of
the
Cocke
,
appeareth
,
even
from
the
practice
of
women
,
which
having
a
Hen
without
a
Cock
,
commit
her
for
a
day
or
two
to
a
neighbours
Cock
:
and
from
this
small
commerce
,
all
the
eggs
are
endowed
with
fertility
,
for
all
that
year
.
And
this
is
also
confirmed
by
Aristotle
,
who
is
of
opinion
,
that
de
Gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
1.
after
birds
have
once
had
the
advantage
of
coition
,
almost
all
the
egges
they
lay
afterward
are
fertile
.
Now
,
lest
the
vertue
of
making
fertile
,
which
is
contained
in
the
seed
,
should
by
any
means
exhale
or
evaporate
,
but
that
it
may
remaine
long
in
the
womb
,
and
so
be
imparted
to
the
whole
;
nature
hath
concluded
,
and
treasured
it
up
as
it
were
in
a
purse
,
in
the
cavity
neer
the
fundament
,
which
is
annexed
to
the
womb
,
to
which
there
is
onely
an
entrance
,
but
no
retreat
,
so
that
the
seed
being
there
long
detained
,
its
vertue
may
be
the
better
preserved
,
and
communicated
to
the
whole
womb
.
But
I
did
doubt
the
verity
of
the
foresaid
experiment
,
and
that
the
rather
,
because
I
perceived
the
Philosophers
words
were
falsly
recited
;
for
,
hee
doth
not
say
,
that
,
Birds
,
when
they
once
have
had
the
advantage
of
coition
,
almost
all
the
egges
they
lay
are
fertile
,
but
,
they
lay
almost
all
their
egges
:
where
the
word
Fertile
is
superadded
by
Fabricius
:
for
it
is
one
thing
,
to
say
,
that
Birds
are
with
egge
after
coition
;
and
another
thing
,
to
say
,
that
those
egges
are
made
fertile
by
coition
.
And
this
is
more
manifest
by
Aristotles
precedent
words
,
where
he
saith
,
In
Birds
,
not
so
much
as
those
very
egges
which
are
begotten
by
coition
,
can
for
the
most
part
gain
their
just
growth
,
unless
that
coition
be
continued
.
And
the
reason
is
,
because
,
that
as
in
women
by
coition
with
the
male
,
the
menstruous
excrement
is
drawn
forth
(
for
the
womb
being
warmed
draweth
the
moysture
,
and
the
pores
are
opened
)
so
it
falls
out
in
birds
,
whilest
the
menstruous
excrement
cometh
by
litle
and
litle
,
which
cannot
get
out
,
because
it
is
but
litle
,
and
is
contained
above
about
the
diaphragma
,
but
slideth
down
into
the
womb
it self
.
For
with
this
the
egge
is
nourished
,
as
the
foetus
of
viviparous
creatures
is
nourished
with
that
which
comes
in
at
the
Navel
.
For
after
birds
have
once
been
at
tread
,
they
still
persist
to
have
almost
all
their
eggs
,
but
yet
small
ones
,
and
imperfect
;
and
therefore
barren
:
for
the
perfection
of
an
egge
,
is
its
fecundity
.
If
therefore
without
continued
coition
,
not
so
much
as
those
very
eggs
which
are
conceived
by
that
coition
,
do
attain
their
Growth
,
or
(
as
Fabricius
interpreteth
it
)
their
Perfection
;
much
less
can
those
egges
be
fertile
,
which
the
Birds
persist
to
lay
,
without
coition
.
But
let
no
man
think
that
these
words
(
namely
,
the
womb
being
warmed
draweth
,
and
the
pores
are
opened
)
do
any
way
conclude
,
that
the
womb
can
draw
the
seed
of
the
Cocke
into
its
cavity
;
for
we
must
take
notice
,
that
the
Philosopher
doth
not
say
,
that
the
womb
draweth
the
seed
from
without
,
but
,
that
in
women
,
the
menstruous
blood
is
drawn
out
of
their
own
bodies
,
the
veines
and
passages
being
opened
by
the
heat
caused
by
coition
;
and
so
likewise
in
Birds
,
that
the
blood
is
drawn
to
the
womb
,
it
being
warmed
by
repeated
coition
,
and
that
the
eggs
do
thence
encrease
;
as
the
foetus
of
viviparous
creatures
do
by
the
Navel
.
But
what
he
adjoineth
concerning
that
cavity
or
purse
,
in
which
he
fancyeth
that
the
seed
is
entertained
,
even
for
a
whole
year
together
,
is
confuted
by
us
formerly
;
where
we
affirm
,
that
no
seed
at
all
is
contained
in
it
and
that
both
henns
and
cocks
indifferently
have
that
cavity
.
Wherefore
,
though
I
easily
believe
(
if
by
fertility
we
understand
an
encrease
of
more
and
fairer
eggs
)
that
poor
womens
henns
(
whose
poultry
probably
wanteth
good
feeding
)
will
lay
lesser
and
fewer
egges
,
except
they
have
resort
to
a
cock
(
according
to
that
of
the
Philosopher
,
namely
,
If
they
once
mixe
with
a
cocke
,
then
they
continue
to
have
fairer
,
better
,
and
more
egges
,
for
the
whole
ensuing
year
;
to
which
end
also
,
plenty
and
wholesomness
of
feeding
do
very
much
conduce
)
yet
that
hennes
,
by
some
few
acts
of
coition
with
a
cock
should
lay
all
fertile
egges
for
a
whole
year
together
;
that
,
I
say
,
seemeth
to
me
improbable
.
For
if
a
few
acts
of
coition
were
of
force
to
so
lasting
a
generation
,
Nature
(
which
maketh
nothing
in
vain
)
would
have
made
the
male
birds
less
salacio●
then
they
are
:
nor
would
the
cocke
so
often
in
one
day
invite
his
hennes
to
Venery
,
nay
sometimes
force
a
rape
upon
them
.
Wee
all
know
,
how
the
henne
,
so
soon
as
she
forsaketh
the
nest
where
she
hath
layed
her
egge
crieth
out
with
a
shrill
voice
,
and
enticeth
the
cock
to
coition
;
who
also
replying
with
a
loud
and
divided
tone
,
carefully
seeketh
her
out
,
and
having
found
her
,
instantly
ascendeth
:
which
surely
Nature
had
never
permitted
,
but
for
procreation
sake
.
A
Cock-Pheasant
,
penned
up
in
an
aviary
,
both
with
such
scorching
lust
,
that
unless
he
have
sewrall
hennes
with
him
,
(
six
at
the
lest
)
he
will
●●
extremely
afflict
them
with
repeated
Coitions
,
and
rather
retard
their
fertility
,
then
promote
it
●●●
once
saw
a
Pheasant-henne
,
so
spent
and
worn
o●●
by
the
cocke
who
was
shut
up
with
her
(
whom
she
could
no
wayes
escape
,
neither
by
flight
,
nor
concealment
)
that
her
back
was
grown
bald
by
his
frequent
ascents
,
untill
at
last
,
in
miserable
torture
,
●●e
expired
for
grief
.
Yet
,
when
I
cut
her
up
,
I
sound
not
the
lest
rudinient
of
an
egge
.
I
have
observed
likewise
a
Gander
,
who
wanting
a
mate
,
sojourned
with
the
hennes
,
where
his
lust
was
so
unbounded
,
that
for
some
hours
together
he
pursued
a
young
pullet
whithersoever
she
fled
,
arresting
her
with
his
bill
,
till
at
length
he
triumphed
upon
her
weariness
,
and
subdued
her
to
a
Rape
.
A
dunghill-cock
having
gotten
the
mastery
in
the
duel
,
doth
sate
his
desires
not
only
upon
the
concubines
of
his
foe
,
but
upon
the
conquered
himself
.
So
likewise
some
females
are
so
prone
to
Venery
,
that
they
will
chastise
their
males
with
their
biteings
;
(
as
if
they
meant
to
whisper
and
advise
them
of
conjugal
delights
)
sometimes
getting
uppermost
themselves
,
endeavouring
by
these
and
other
arts
to
entice
them
to
their
recreation
:
and
in
this
rank
are
pigeons
,
and
sparrows
.
And
therefore
it
seems
not
so
likely
,
that
a
few
coitions
celebrated
in
the
beginning
of
the
yeare
,
should
store
up
fecundity
enough
,
to
endow
all
the
egges
for
a
twelve-moneth
following
.
And
yet
once
(
that
Fabricius
may
have
some
patronage
)
in
the
Spring
time
(
attempting
some
discovery
of
the
time
wherein
coition
is
most
successfull
,
and
the
necessity
thereof
)
I
did
separate
two
hennes
from
the
cocke
for
foure
dayes
space
,
which
in
that
time
laid
three
egges
a
piece
,
which
were
as
prolifical
as
the
rest
.
And
I
did
after
that
immure
another
henne
,
which
on
the
tenth
day
of
her
separation
laid
an
egge
,
and
another
egge
on
the
twentieth
,
and
both
were
fruitfull
:
so
that
it
may
seem
possible
,
that
one
or
two
acts
of
conjunction
may
fructifie
the
whole
cluster
,
and
consequently
all
the
egges
of
that
year
.
I
shall
tell
you
likewise
,
what
I
farther
observed
at
that
time
;
when
I
restored
the
two
hennes
(
which
I
had
formerly
divorced
)
to
the
cocke
again
,
whereof
one
of
them
was
now
big
with
egg
,
the
other
had
newly
layed
;
the
cock
ran
instantly
to
the
latter
,
and
enjoyed
her
greedily
three
or
four
times
:
about
the
former
,
he
circuited
often
,
and
by
trailing
his
wings
at
her
feet
,
seemed
to
greet
her
kindely
,
and
congratulate
her
return
;
yet
presently
retired
to
the
other
,
and
repeated
his
lust
again
,
and
again
,
committing
violence
upon
her
refusal
;
neglecting
in
the
mean
time
the
henn
that
was
with
egge
,
using
no
solicitation
nor
request
.
Truly
I
admired
,
by
what
significations
he
could
be
inspired
to
know
,
that
coition
could
be
useful
to
the
one
,
and
unseasonable
to
the
other
.
It
is
not
easie
to
say
,
how
males
will
either
by
the
eye
,
eare
,
or
smell
,
distinguish
(
even
from
farre
)
which
females
are
ripe
for
their
turne
,
and
desirous
of
their
company
.
Some
,
though
they
onely
hear
their
voice
,
or
sent
their
urine
,
or
foot-steps
only
on
the
ground
are
presently
heightned
,
and
pursue
them
to
a
compliance
.
But
of
this
elswhere
,
in
our
tract
o●
the
Love
,
Lust
,
and
act
of
Generation
of
Animals
,
w●
shall
treat
at
large
.
Wee
returne
to
our
purpose
.
Of
the
Belly
of
a
Henne
,
and
other
Birds
.
EXERCIT.
VII
.
FRom
the
outward
Orifice
through
the
privy
parts
,
we
arrive
at
the
Uterus
or
matrix
of
the
Henne
,
wherein
the
egge
is
perfected
,
encompassed
by
the
white
,
and
covered
with
the
shell
;
but
before
we
speak
any
thing
of
its
scituation
,
and
position
,
something
must
be
premised
,
concerning
the
peculiar
anatomy
of
the
Belly
of
Birds
.
For
I
have
observed
the
stomacks
,
guts
,
and
other
entrals
of
Feathered
creatures
,
to
be
otherwise
seated
and
constituted
in
their
lower
belly
,
then
of
other
creatures
that
go
upon
the
ground
.
All
kindes
of
Birds
,
almost
,
have
a
twofold
stomack
,
whereof
one
is
the
Ingluvies
,
the
other
the
Ventriculus
,
properly
so
called
:
in
the
former
they
treasure
up
their
meat
,
and
prepare
it
;
in
the
latter
,
they
digest
it
,
and
concoct
it
into
the
chyle
:
the
first
,
we
call
the
crop
or
craw
;
the
latter
,
the
Gisard
.
Birds
reserve
in
their
craw
the
whole
grains
which
they
ingorge
,
and
from
thence
transmit
them
into
the
gisard
,
moistened
,
macerated
,
and
softned
by
the
water
which
they
imbibe
,
that
it
may
there
be
grinded
,
and
concocted
.
And
for
that
purpose
,
almost
all
sorts
of
Fowle
swallow
down
sands
,
stones
,
&
other
harder
bodies
,
&
reserve
them
in
their
gisard
with
their
meat
;
(
when
no
such
thing
is
to
be
seen
in
their
craw
)
and
this
gisard
of
theirs
is
compacted
of
two
exceeding
thick●st
strong
muscles
,
(
which
in
lesser
Birds
are
composed
of
flesh
or
ligaments
)
that
with
these
two
,
as
it
were
with
two
Grind-stones
,
fastned
together
with
two
hinges
,
they
may
grind
and
mould
their
food
;
whilest
the
stones
supply
the
place
of
teeth
,
of
which
they
are
destitute
.
By
this
means
they
digest
and
chylifie
their
meat
,
and
afterward
by
compression
(
as
we
strain
a
juice
or
a
pultis
out
of
herbes
or
fruits
bruised
)
the
softer
and
more
liquid
part
lyeth
uppermost
;
and
that
they
conveigh
into
the
beginning
of
the
guts
(
which
in
them
is
just
at
the
entrance
into
the
gullet
,
seated
above
the
gisard
.
Now
that
this
is
so
,
appears
in
several
sorts
of
Birds
,
in
whose
gisard
,
if
gravel
,
or
any
other
harder
and
rugged
bodies
continue
any
time
,
they
receive
so
much
impaire
and
smoothness
from
the
continual
attrition
,
that
at
last
they
grow
useless
,
and
so
are
ejected
.
And
for
this
cause
Birds
exercise
their
tongues
in
the
choice
of
their
pibbles
,
and
if
they
discover
that
they
are
no●
rough
,
they
presently
refuse
them
.
By
this
mean●
I
have
found
Iron
,
Silver
,
and
Stones
,
almost
worn
away
and
consumed
in
the
gisard
of
an
Ostrich
,
and
the
Cassoware
;
which
gives
occasion
to
the
popular
perswasion
,
that
they
digest
Iron
,
and
are
nourished
by
it
.
In
Falcons
,
Eagles
,
and
other
Birds
of
Prey
,
if
you
bring
your
ear
near
,
when
their
gisard
is
empty
you
shall
evidently
discover
the
noise
of
stones
collected
in
it
,
grating
one
against
another
.
For
Hawkes
doe
not
swallow
pibbles
to
coole
and
all●
their
heat
,
(
as
the
common
sort
of
Falconers
dream
)
but
to
grinde
their
meat
:
as
also
other
Birds
(
whose
gisard
is
made
fleshy
on
purpose
t●
mould
their
meat
)
for
the
same
intent
,
do
ingor●●
pibbles
,
or
sand
,
or
such
like
bodies
.
The
gisard
of
Birds
therefore
,
is
seated
within
the
capacity
of
the
Abdomen
,
beneath
the
Heart
,
Lungs
,
and
Liver
;
but
the
crop
sticketh
(
for
the
most
part
)
as
it
were
out
of
the
body
,
in
the
lower
part
of
the
necke
,
at
the
Os
Jugale
:
in
which
(
as
I
have
said
)
their
meat
is
onely
mollified
,
and
prepared
:
and
from
it
some
Birds
return
their
meat
macerated
to
their
chickens
,
and
nurse
them
up
(
at
the
same
rate
as
four-footed
beasts
doe
theirs
with
milke
)
as
you
may
observe
in
all
sorts
of
Pigeons
,
and
also
in
the
Spermologi
,
which
we
call
Rooks.
And
Bees
also
,
when
they
are
returned
to
their
Hives
,
do
refund
the
hony
which
they
gather
from
the
flowers
,
and
have
digested
in
their
stomack
,
into
their
proper
celles
:
and
so
do
Hornets
and
Wasps
nourish
their
off-spring
.
And
a
Bitch
hath
been
seen
to
disgorge
the
meat
which
she
had
swallowed
before
,
and
half
concocted
,
to
supply
her
whelps
.
Wherefore
,
the
wonder
is
less
,
when
we
see
poore
beggar-women
,
when
their
milk
faileth
them
,
to
feed
their
Infants
with
scraps
,
which
their
owne
teeth
have
first
prepared
,
and
reduced
into
a
kinde
of
pap
.
The
Guts
in
Birds
arise
(
as
is
said
)
from
the
upper
part
of
the
Gisard
,
and
are
replicated
up
and
down
in
Longitude
(
not
transversly
,
as
in
us
.
)
And
next
to
them
,
just
under
the
heart
,
about
the
middle
of
the
body
,
where
the
diaphragma
(
which
is
wanting
in
Birds
)
is
seated
in
Beasts
,
is
their
Liver
,
which
is
very
large
,
and
divided
into
two
lobes
,
(
for
they
have
no
spleen
neither
)
placed
on
either
side
,
and
fills
the
hypochondria
:
below
the
Liver
is
the
gisard
put
,
under
which
lye
the
replications
of
the
intestines
,
having
very
many
slender
membranes
interposed
,
which
are
filled
with
air
:
for
into
these
(
as
we
have
said
)
the
rough
arteries
of
the
lungs
descend
with
open
mouth
.
The
kidnies
(
which
are
large
in
Birds
)
being
of
an
oblong
figure
,
composed
as
it
were
of
gobbets
of
flesh
,
having
no
cavities
at
all
,
doe
lye
on
both
sides
of
the
Spine
,
and
great
descending
vein
and
Arterie
,
and
are
buried
in
the
spacious
oblong
cavity
of
the
huckle
bones
or
sides-men
.
From
the
fore-part
of
the
kidnies
are
the
Ureters
extended
in
Longitude
,
even
to
the
common
sinke
,
and
fundament
it self
:
that
so
the
serous
excrement
may
from
the
Reines
be
wafted
thither
.
Now
Birds
have
very
litle
of
this
serum
,
because
they
are
small
drinkers
,
and
some
of
them
(
as
the
Eagle
for
one
)
drink
not
all
.
Nor
doth
their
urine
flow
apart
by
its
self
;
but
,
as
we
have
said
,
doth
distill
from
the
Ureters
into
the
common
receptacle
,
which
is
allowed
also
to
entertain
the
excrement
of
the
guts
,
whose
discharge
is
by
this
means
the
better
provided
for
.
The
urine
of
Birds
differeth
from
that
of
other
creatures
;
for
the
parts
of
their
urine
are
two-fold
,
one
more
serous
,
and
liquid
,
the
other
more
gross
and
thicke
,
which
in
men
in
health
we
call
the
hypostasis
,
and
when
the
urine
is
now
cold
,
it
sinketh
down
to
the
bottom
:
now
Birds
(
clean
contrary
to
other
viviparous
Animals
)
have
greater
store
of
this
thick
sediment
;
which
is
distinguished
from
the
other
part
of
the
urine
,
by
its
white
or
silver-like
complexion
,
and
it
is
not
only
discernable
in
the
cloaca
or
sinke
,
(
where
it
much
aboundeth
)
and
giveth
a
tincture
to
the
excrements
of
the
guts
:
but
in
the
whole
conduct
of
the
Ureters
,
which
are
distinguished
from
the
coats
of
the
kidnies
,
by
this
very
white
excrement
.
Nor
is
the
thicker
substance
which
descendeth
from
the
Reines
,
only
visible
in
Birds
,
but
in
Serpents
also
,
and
other
oviparous
creatures
;
especially
those
whose
egge
is
guarded
by
a
harder
kinde
of
shell
.
And
they
have
much
more
abundance
of
this
,
then
of
the
thinner
serous
part
:
and
it
hath
a
middle
consistence
between
a
thicker
kinde
of
urine
,
and
the
excrement
of
the
guts
;
so
that
as
it
passeth
through
the
Ureters
,
it
resembleth
milk
coagulated
,
or
something
thickned
,
and
presently
upon
ejection
it
congealeth
into
a
crust
that
is
friable
.
Of
the
scituation
and
fabrick
of
the
rest
of
the
parts
of
the
Womb
in
a
Hen.
EXERCIT.
VIII
.
BEtween
the
Gisard
,
and
the
Liver
,
at
the
Spine
of
the
backe
,
where
in
men
and
other
animals
the
Pancreas
lyeth
,
between
the
vena
Porta
,
and
descending
trunck
of
vena
Cava
,
at
the
beginning
of
the
Emulgent
veines
,
and
the
preparing
spermatical
vessells
,
where
the
Coeliacal
artery
goeth
into
the
Mesentery
,
there
also
in
a
Henne
and
other
Birds
,
is
the
Ovary
,
and
cluster
of
yolkes
bred
,
which
hath
Before
it
the
Trunk
of
the
Vena
Porta
,
the
gullet
,
and
the
mouth
of
the
Gisard
;
and
Behinde
it
,
the
Hollow
vein
,
and
the
Great
Artery
descending
by
the
Spine
of
the
backe
;
Above
it
lyeth
the
Liver
,
Under
it
the
Gisard
.
And
therefore
the
Infundibulum
,
which
is
constituted
of
a
very
thin
membrane
,
descendeth
down-ward
from
the
Ovary
,
all
along
the
back
,
between
it
and
the
Gisard
.
And
from
the
Infundibulum
or
Tunnel
(
between
the
Gisard
,
Guts
,
Reines
,
and
Loynes
)
the
Process
of
the
Uterus
,
or
its
superiour
part
,
having
many
revolutions
and
cells
(
like
the
Colon
&
right-gut
in
a
man
)
descendeth
into
the
Womb
it self
.
But
the
Womb
it selfe
,
which
is
continuous
to
this
Process
,
is
seated
below
the
Gisard
at
the
Fundament
,
at
the
lower
end
of
the
Abdomen
,
between
the
loynes
,
kidnies
,
and
right-gut
:
so
that
when
the
egge
now
cloathed
with
the
White
is
contained
in
it
,
it
presseth
down
so
low
,
that
you
may
easily
perceive
by
your
finger
,
whether
it
be
soft
,
or
hard
,
and
ready
to
be
layed
.
This
Womb
,
in
a
Hen
,
is
of
different
magnitude
and
fabrick
:
For
in
a
Henne
which
is
big
with
egge
,
or
hath
lately
layed
,
it
differeth
very
much
from
the
womb
of
a
Virgin-henne
,
or
Pullet
;
for
her
womb
is
fleshy
and
round
,
lik
an
empty
purse
;
smooth
without
,
within
rough
,
having
certain
folds
and
revolutions
according
to
its
longitude
:
at
first
sight
,
you
would
conceive
it
to
be
a
larger
kinde
of
bladder
of
Urine
,
or
a
second
lesser
gisard
.
But
in
a
teeming
Hen
,
and
one
ripe
for
the
cocke
(
which
our
housewives
distinguish
by
the
redness
of
their
crest
,
or
comb
)
the
Uterus
is
of
much
better
growth
,
and
more
carnous
,
having
larger
folds
,
and
thicker
,
and
of
that
extent
,
that
it
may
conveniently
receive
an
egge
.
And
this
womb
is
extended
and
passeth
upward
a
good
way
,
along
the
Spine
of
the
back
,
and
is
made
up
of
many
complications
and
cells
;
(
as
the
Collick-gut
is
)
which
several
cells
are
composed
of
the
replications
of
the
womb
it selfe
.
The
Bottom
hereof
,
as
it
is
the
largest
,
so
it
is
the
thickest
,
and
most
carnous
part
of
all
,
fortified
with
more
and
greater
foldings
then
the
rest
,
whose
figure
within
is
Ovale
,
as
if
it
were
the
Mould
to
cast
egges
in
.
I
call
the
Ascending
part
,
or
production
of
the
Womb
,
a
Process
:
Fabricius
calleth
it
,
the
second
Uterus
,
and
saith
it
consists
of
three
rundells
or
turnings
:
Ulysses
Aldrovandus
calleth
it
the
stomack
of
the
womb
:
there
are
,
I
confess
,
most
commonly
three
spires
or
rundels
,
yet
this
is
not
so
constant
,
but
that
nature
fashions
it
otherwise
,
for
varietie
,
(
as
she
doth
sometimes
in
the
circumgirations
of
the
Colon.
This
womb
,
the
higher
it
goeth
,
the
slenderer
and
sparer
it
groweth
by
degrees
,
and
hath
fewer
and
lesser
circumvolutions
,
till
at
length
as
it
were
dissolving
into
very
thin
membranes
,
it
becomes
to
be
the
Infundibulum
,
which
arising
up
as
farre
as
the
diaphragme
,
encompasseth
all
the
Ovary
.
And
therefore
Fabricius
divideth
his
second
womb
into
three
parts
;
viz.
the
beginning
,
the
middle
,
and
The
beginning
,
saith
he
,
degenerating
into
a
stender
and
most
soft
membrane
,
frameth
a
wide
orifice
,
representing
as
it
were
a
litle
pipe
or
tunnel
.
The
middle
part
(
which
I
call
the
Process
of
the
Uterus
)
is
constituted
of
three
transverse
spires
or
Rundels
,
and
serveth
to
furnish
the
yolk
of
the
egge
with
a
white
,
and
extendeth
it self
to
the
lowest
and
most
capacious
place
or
part
of
all
;
which
he
calls
the
End
of
that
Uterus
,
wherein
(
saith
he
)
the
Chalazae
,
or
specks
,
and
the
two
membranes
and
shell
are
formed
.
The
whole
substance
of
the
Uterus
(
especially
about
the
folds
)
as
well
in
the
Uterus
it selfe
,
as
in
its
Process
,
is
embroydered
with
many
large
veines
,
and
yet
there
are
more
divarications
of
Arteries
then
of
Veines
.
The
Folds
which
in
the
inside
of
the
womb
are
oblique
and
transverse
,
are
of
a
fleshy
substance
,
and
look
exceeding
white
and
milkey
,
breathing
forth
a
kinde
of
stiffe
moysture
;
so
that
the
inward
superficies
both
of
the
Uterus
,
and
also
of
its
Process
,
is
lined
as
it
were
with
very
much
,
and
thinne
whites
of
egges
;
by
which
meanes
the
descending
yolk
gaines
greater
bulk
,
and
cloatheth
it self
in
white
by
degrees
,
till
it
arrive
at
full
perfection
.
You
shall
seldom
finde
the
Uterus
unfurnished
of
eggs
,
but
that
there
are
some
still
either
sticking
in
the
revolutions
of
the
Process
of
the
womb
,
or
else
conteined
in
the
Uterus
or
womb
it selfe
.
If
you
blow
up
this
Process
when
it
is
empty
,
it
will
appear
like
a
litle
oblique
distorted
pipe
,
rising
up
sharp
at
the
end
in
manner
of
a
snailes
shell
,
or
a
Top.
And
the
Fabrick
of
the
womb
is
like
that
which
wee
lately
observed
in
the
privy
parts
;
namely
,
that
though
there
be
open
way
enough
to
receive
the
egge
in
its
descent
,
yet
there
is
scarce
any
return
to
be
obtained
upwards
again
,
(
even
for
the
air
it self
,
though
backed
by
inflation
.
)
The
Process
of
the
Uterus
,
together
with
the
spires
,
is
so
diminished
in
a
Hen
past
laying
(
as
we
have
said
)
and
also
in
young
pullets
,
that
it
resolveth
into
most
thin
membranes
,
and
is
quite
abolished
,
and
leaveth
no
appearance
of
it
,
as
neither
of
the
Ovary
,
or
Infundibulum
;
only
there
remains
(
like
the
root
of
the
cluster
)
a
glandulous
and
spongy
substance
,
which
tasteth
pretty
sweet
in
a
boyled
Hen
;
as
in
Viviparous
creatures
(
especially
if
they
be
young
and
tender
)
the
Pancreas
,
and
Thymus
doe
;
which
therefore
the
people
call
the
Sweet-Breads
.
The
Womb
,
together
with
its
Process
,
is
by
the
helpe
of
a
membrane
fastned
to
the
back
:
which
membrane
Fabricius
doth
therefore
call
Mesometrium
;
because
,
the
second
womb
,
together
with
this
membranous
body
,
wherein
many
veines
are
divaricated
,
may
fitly
be
compared
to
the
Intestines
,
and
their
Mesentery
.
For
as
the
Mesentery
keepeth
firm
the
Guts
,
so
doth
that
Mesometrium
fasten
this
long
Process
from
the
chine
,
lest
being
dislocated
,
and
involved
,
it
should
disturb
and
obstruct
the
passage
of
the
yolks
,
whereas
now
being
free
and
open
,
it
entertaineth
them
gently
.
Through
this
Mesometrium
,
many
vessels
stored
with
blood
,
are
branched
into
every
replication
of
the
womb
.
And
therefore
it
beareth
much
analogy
to
the
Mesentery
,
both
in
its
beginning
,
substance
,
fabrick
,
use
,
and
office
.
There
is
also
a
Ligament
(
like
a
fillet
)
extended
long-wayes
from
the
bottom
of
the
womb
to
the
Infundibulum
,
such
a
one
as
we
may
see
produced
in
the
upper
region
of
the
Colon
;
which
is
as
it
were
a
portion
or
fragment
of
the
outward
coat
,
going
along
and
contracted
,
that
the
rest
of
the
Process
might
by
its
help
be
wrinckled
into
folds
and
replications
.
Thus
,
if
you
cut
off
a
gut
,
and
put
in
a
thred
into
it
all
along
the
whole
length
of
one
side
of
it
,
and
then
tye
it
hard
,
the
other
opposite
side
will
curle
up
into
wrinckled
complications
and
windings
.
This
then
is
the
Constitution
of
the
womb
of
a
Henne
that
layeth
egges
;
namely
,
fleshy
,
large
,
ductile
and
extensive
into
length
and
breadth
,
full
of
windings
,
spires
,
and
convolutions
all
along
the
spine
of
the
back
from
the
fundament
,
upwards
,
and
continuous
to
the
Infundibulum
.
Of
the
generation
of
the
Egge
.
EXERCIT.
IX
.
THe
yolk
,
in
the
cluster
,
is
onely
a
litle
wheale
or
push
,
and
growing
by
degrees
,
attaineth
the
complexion
and
bulk
of
a
yolk
;
and
falling
off
from
the
cluster
,
it
descendeth
through
the
Infundibulum
;
and
rowling
through
the
Spires
and
cavernes
of
the
Process
of
the
womb
,
doth
cloath
it selfe
all
over
with
the
White
:
though
(
as
Fabricius
rightly
observed
against
Aristotle
)
it
doth
adhere
to
the
womb
no
where
at
all
,
nor
is
it
nourished
by
any
Umbilical
vessels
:
but
as
the
egges
of
frogs
or
fishes
,
provide
themselves
whites
out
of
the
waters
wherein
they
lie
;
or
as
beanes
,
pease
,
and
other
pulse
and
graine
,
being
moistened
,
do
swell
,
and
thence
acquire
aliment
to
the
blossoms
which
spring
from
them
:
So
in
like
manner
out
of
the
aforesaid
foulds
of
the
womb
,
an
albugineous
humidity
issuing
thence
(
as
it
were
out
of
a
dugge
,
or
Uterine
cake
)
the
Yolk
(
by
vertue
of
a
vegitative
heat
,
and
faculty
wherewith
it
is
endowed
)
findeth
out
,
and
concocteth
its
white
.
And
therefore
in
those
foulds
,
and
in
the
cavity
of
the
Uterus
,
a
liquor
,
in
tast
much
like
the
white
of
an
egge
,
doth
most
plenteously
abound
.
And
in
this
sort
the
yolk
descending
by
little
and
little
,
is
invested
with
a
white
,
until
at
last
,
assuming
membranes
,
and
a
harder
shell
in
the
extremity
of
the
womb
,
he
is
compleated
for
his
Exit
.
Of
the
Growth
and
departure
of
the
Egge
from
the
Womb.
EXER
.
X.
ATtend
Fabricius
:
as
we
pronounce
(
saith
he
)
the
action
of
the
Stomack
to
be
Chylification
:
and
the
action
of
the
Testicles
to
be
the
Generation
of
Seed
;
because
we
find
chyle
in
the
Stomack
,
and
Seed
in
the
Testicles
:
So
we
confidently
affirm
the
Action
of
the
Birds
womb
,
to
be
the
Generation
of
egges
,
because
there
we
finde
the
eggs
.
But
this
is
not
the
only
Function
of
the
womb
,
but
the
Augmentation
of
the
egge
also
,
which
succeedeth
immediately
after
the
Generation
,
till
the
egge
be
perfected
,
and
purchase
a
just
enlargement
,
is
implyed
.
For
the
Henne
doth
not
naturally
lay
her
egge
,
before
it
be
compleat
,
and
have
attained
a
convenient
magnitude
.
The
Action
therefore
of
the
Uterus
is
both
the
Generation
,
and
Augmentation
of
the
egge
:
Now
Augmentation
supposeth
Nutrition
,
and
includeth
it
.
But
since
all
Generation
proceedeth
from
two
Principles
;
namely
,
the
Efficient
,
and
the
Subject
Matter
:
The
Efficient
in
the
procreation
of
egges
is
nothing
else
,
but
the
Instruments
,
or
proposed
organs
,
namely
,
the
twofold
Uterus
:
and
the
Subject
Matter
,
is
nothing
but
Blood
.
But
we
,
for
Brevity
sake
(
omitting
,
as
is
meet
,
all
controversie
)
as
we
do
easily
allow
,
that
the
use
and
office
of
the
womb
,
is
to
procreate
egges
:
so
we
pronounce
the
Adaequate
Efficient
(
as
they
call
it
)
to
be
contained
in
the
egge
it selfe
:
and
wee
do
conceive
that
both
the
Generation
,
and
Augmentation
of
the
Egge
,
proceedeth
not
from
the
womb
,
but
from
an
innate
natural
principle
of
its
own
:
And
that
this
Principle
doth
flow
first
from
the
whole
Henne
,
into
the
Yolk
while
it
yet
is
only
a
rudiment
,
or
first
wheale
as
it
were
;
which
afterwards
like
a
congenial
heat
,
or
Efficient
Nature
)
inherent
in
the
Yolk
,
nourisheth
and
Augmenteth
it
:
As
there
is
a
certain
in-bred
faculty
in
every
part
of
the
Body
,
by
which
it
is
fed
and
augmented
.
As
concerning
the
manner
how
the
Yolk
is
invested
with
the
White
,
Aristotle
seems
to
de
Gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
2.
have
conceited
it
to
be
thus
:
That
there
is
in
eggs
,
while
their
membranes
are
yet
tender
,
a
kind
of
Umbilicall
channel
,
existent
in
the
sharper
end
of
the
eg
(
at
which
he
determineth
the
eg
to
begin
)
by
which
it
increaseth
:
which
perswasion
Fabricius
reprehendeth
,
denying
any
being
at
all
to
any
such
channel
;
Or
that
the
Yolk
doth
any
where
adhere
to
the
womb
:
and
salveth
that
scruple
concerning
that
small
appendix
found
in
the
egge
after
it
is
layed
,
saying
;
The
augmentation
of
the
egge
is
two-fold
,
according
to
the
two-fold
womb
,
that
is
the
superin
,
and
inferior
:
and
also
,
according
to
the
two-fold
substance
,
whereof
the
egge
is
compounded
,
that
is
,
the
Yolk
and
the
White
;
the
Yolk
is
increased
by
a
true
Augmentation
;
namely
,
by
blood
;
which
is
conveyed
to
it
by
the
Veins
,
whilest
it
is
yet
adjoyned
to
the
Vitellary
.
But
the
White
is
increased
,
and
groweth
to
the
yolk
,
after
another
fashion
:
For
it
receiveth
not
nourishment
by
the
Veins
,
nor
by
a
true
kind
of
Nutrition
,
as
the
Yolk
doth
but
by
Juxtaposition
,
adhering
to
the
Yolk
,
while
it
passeth
through
the
Second
Uterus
.
But
in
my
Opinion
,
the
Egge
is
augmented
after
the
same
manner
(
wheresoever
it
be
)
as
the
yolk
is
augmented
in
the
cluster
,
viz.
from
an
Intrinsecal
concocting
principle
,
with
this
distinction
onely
,
that
while
it
is
in
the
cluster
,
its
aliment
is
conveighed
to
it
by
the
vessels
,
but
in
the
womb
it
findeth
it
ready
for
it
to
imbibe
.
For
in
all
Nutrition
and
Accretion
,
a
Juxtaposition
of
the
parts
is
equally
necessary
,
and
also
a
Concoction
and
Distribution
of
the
applied
nutriment
;
nor
can
the
one
be
thought
to
be
lesse
a
True
Nutrition
then
the
other
:
for
both
of
them
are
made
by
a
new
accession
,
apposition
,
agglutination
,
and
transmutation
of
the
Aliment
.
Nor
can
Beanes
or
Pease
,
which
attract
moisture
from
the
Earth
(
which
they
suck
in
like
spunges
)
be
said
to
be
lesse
truly
nourished
,
then
if
they
did
draw
in
that
moisture
through
the
Orifice
of
Veins
:
And
Trees
also
drinking
Dewes
and
Showres
in
at
their
Barks
,
are
as
truly
nourished
,
as
they
are
by
their
Roots
.
But
concerning
the
manner
of
this
Nutrition
,
we
have
spoken
more
largely
in
another
place
.
At
present
,
it
remaines
that
we
encounter
another
difficulty
;
that
is
,
whether
the
Yolke
,
while
it
acquireth
a
White
,
doth
not
make
some
separation
,
and
choice
in
it
:
and
so
,
while
it
is
about
augmenting
,
whether
some
more
earthy
part
be
not
dismissed
into
the
Yolk
or
middle
of
the
egge
,
(
as
into
the
Center
,
as
Aristotle
would
have
it
)
and
the
lighter
,
and
thinner
parts
be
not
reserved
in
its
superficies
or
surface
:
For
between
the
Yolk
which
is
yet
in
the
cluster
,
and
that
which
is
in
the
midst
of
the
eg
when
it
is
perfected
,
this
is
the
difference
in
chief
,
that
though
the
former
be
yellowish
in
colour
and
appearance
,
yet
its
consistence
representeth
rather
the
White
;
and
being
sodden
,
thickneth
like
it
,
groweth
compact
,
and
viscous
,
and
may
be
cut
into
slices
.
But
the
Yolk
that
is
in
the
midst
of
a
perfect
egge
,
being
boiled
,
groweth
friable
,
and
of
a
more
earthy
consistence
,
not
thick
and
glutinous
like
the
White
.
Of
the
Egg-shell
.
EXERCITATION
XI
.
IT
is
convenient
,
that
having
declared
how
the
Egge
is
generated
,
wee
should
now
treat
of
its
parts
,
and
their
differences
.
An
Egge
is
compounded
Fabricius
)
of
a
Yolke
,
a
White
,
two
Chalazae
,
or
specks
,
three
membranes
(
namely
one
membrane
proper
to
the
yolk
alone
,
and
two
other
,
common
to
the
whole
egge
)
and
last
of
all
,
of
a
Shell
.
To
all
which
,
two
things
are
to
be
added
,
which
may
not
be
truly
ranged
amongst
the
parts
of
the
egge
;
one
whereof
is
a
certain
small
cavity
in
the
blunter
end
of
the
egge
neer
the
top
of
the
Shell
;
the
other
is
a
certain
litle
white
print
,
like
a
small
round
Cicatrice
,
affixed
to
the
superficies
of
the
yolk
.
The
accompt
of
every
of
which
we
shall
lay
down
more
punctually
,
beginning
from
the
outward
parts
.
The
outward
Covering
(
which
is
by
Pliny
called
the
Barke
,
Rind
,
or
Paring
;
and
by
(
〈◊〉
Serenus
,
the
Egg-shell
)
is
a
hard
,
slender
,
friable
,
and
porous
tegument
,
having
divers
colours
,
namely
,
white
,
pallid
,
red
,
spotted
,
and
sprinkled
with
several
p●●ctures
:
to
wit
,
the
Hens
,
and
Pigeons
egg-shells
〈◊〉
white
;
the
Water-fowles
,
pale
;
the
Hawkes
,
or
Kestrells
,
red
as
Vermilion
;
the
Pheasants
,
spotted
,
and
distinguished
with
points
,
as
Aristotle
noteth
.
All
eggs
have
not
a
shell
;
for
Serpents
eggs
have
none
;
and
de
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
2.
some
hens
(
though
rarely
)
lay
eggs
without
a
shell
This
shell
,
though
it
be
hard
,
is
not
equally
hard
in
all
parts
,
but
is
more
hard
about
the
top
,
and
superiour
part
of
the
egge
.
And
therefore
Fabricius
saith
,
It
is
a
question
,
when
the
egg-shell
is
formed
,
and
out
of
that
the
shell
is
not
made
within
,
but
when
the
egge
is
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
2.
&
gen.
an.
1.
8.
l.
10.
c.
52.
de
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
2.
laid
,
&
as
it
is
going
out
;
so
that
the
outward
heat
drying
up
the
moysture
,
the
Air
condenseth
&
hardneth
it
.
And
this
is
done
,
as
Aristotle
supposeth
,
both
that
it
may
have
the
easer
passage
,
and
also
that
it
may
not
pain
the
parent
:
As
they
say
that
an
egge
softned
in
vineger
,
may
be
crowded
into
a
vessel
of
a
narrow
neck
.
Fabricius
indeed
was
long
at
odds
with
this
opinion
,
by
reason
he
had
found
an
egge
with
a
hard
shell
in
the
belly
of
the
Hen
;
an
experiment
which
is
dayly
proved
by
house-wives
,
whilest
endeavouring
to
know
whether
the
Hen
be
ready
to
lay
,
they
grope
the
belly
without
,
to
try
whether
the
shell
be
hard
.
But
afterwards
,
when
he
had
received
from
creditable
women
,
that
the
egg-shell
assumed
its
obduration
from
the
●ire
in
its
exit
,
which
aire
doth
exiccate
a
stiffe
moysture
which
environeth
the
egge
,
and
condenseth
and
fastneth
it
to
the
shell
,
before
the
shell
of
it self
be
exactly
hard
:
and
having
also
discovered
the
same
by
his
own
experience
,
he
altered
his
opinion
,
and
was
perswaded
,
that
the
egge
in
the
Uterus
hath
truly
a
shell
,
which
shell
is
of
a
middle
consistence
,
between
soft
and
hard
,
but
that
it
obtaineth
a
much
greater
degree
of
obduration
presently
after
it
is
layed
,
by
reason
of
a
certain
clammy
tenacious
humidity
which
concealeth
about
the
shell
,
occasioned
by
the
evaporation
●f
the
thin
and
moist
parts
;
with
which
humidity
the
whole
superficies
is
bedewed
,
which
adhering
to
the
tender
shell
,
is
dryed
and
hardned
,
the
cold
ambient
aire
●mducing
something
thereunto
.
And
this
(
saith
he
)
you
may
soon
perceive
,
if
you
keep
Hennes
in
your
yard
,
and
be
dexterous
and
diligent
to
receive
the
eggs
from
them
,
as
they
lay
.
This
opinion
of
Aristotle
did
for
a
long
time
prevaile
with
me
,
till
I
discovered
the
contrary
by
infallible
experience
.
For
I
take
it
as
a
measured
truth
,
that
the
Egee-shell
is
most
commonly
hard
even
in
the
womb
itself
.
And
I
once
saw
an
egge
cut
out
of
a
live
Henne
,
which
had
no
shell
at
all
,
but
yet
was
througly
drenched
and
begin
with
a
glewey
moisture
:
and
yet
the
egge
never
hardned
at
all
,
by
the
congelation
,
or
evaporation
of
the
moisture
about
the
Skin
,
(
as
Fabricius
would
have
it
)
nor
was
it
any
whit
altered
by
the
ambient
cold
aire
,
but
continued
the
tendernesse
which
it
had
in
the
womb
.
I
have
also
seen
a
Newlaied
egge
,
which
had
a
compleat
hard
shell
,
over
which
was
a
case
made
of
a
cuticular
soft
membrane
,
which
membrane
did
never
congeal
.
Moreover
I
have
seen
an
egge
exactly
surrounded
with
a
Shell
,
save
only
on
the
very
top
of
the
acute
end
of
the
egg
,
where
remained
a
smal
soft
rising
,
such
a
one
as
Aristotle
perhaps
conceived
to
be
the
Reliques
of
the
Navel
.
And
therefore
Fabricius
seemeth
to
me
to
be
in
an
errour
;
for
though
I
was
never
so
good
at
slight
of
Hand
,
to
surprise
an
egge
in
the
very
laying
,
and
so
make
discovery
whether
it
was
soft
or
hard
;
yet
this
I
confidently
pronounce
,
that
the
Shell
is
compounded
within
the
womb
,
of
a
substance
there
at
hand
for
the
purpose
:
and
that
it
is
framed
in
the
same
manner
as
the
other
parts
of
the
egge
are
,
by
the
Plastick
faculty
:
and
the
rather
,
because
I
have
seen
an
exceeding
small
egge
,
(
Fabricius
calleth
it
Ovum
Centeninum
,
and
our
Women
call
it
the
Cocks
egge
)
which
had
Shell
of
its
own
,
and
yet
was
contained
within
another
egge
,
greater
,
and
fairer
then
it
,
which
egge
also
had
a
Shell
too
.
And
this
Egge
I
shewed
King
Charles
my
most
gracious
Master
,
in
presence
of
many
others
.
And
that
very
year
,
cutting
up
a
large
Limon
,
I
found
another
small
,
but
yet
a
perfect
Limon
in
it
,
which
had
also
a
yellow
rind
:
Which
thing
is
now
frequent
in
Italy
,
as
I
am
informed
.
It
is
the
usual
errour
of
the
Philosophers
of
these
times
,
to
seek
the
diversity
of
the
causes
of
Parts
,
out
of
the
diversity
of
the
matter
,
from
whence
they
should
be
framed
.
So
Physitians
affirm
,
that
the
different
parts
of
the
body
are
fashioned
and
nourished
by
the
different
materials
of
Blood
,
or
Seed
;
namely
the
softer
parts
,
as
the
Flesh
,
out
of
a
thinner
matter
;
and
the
more
earthy
parts
,
as
the
Bones
,
&c.
out
of
grosse
,
and
harder
.
But
this
errour
now
too
much
received
,
we
have
confuted
in
another
Place
.
Nor
are
they
lesse
deceived
,
who
make
all
things
out
of
Atomes
,
as
Democritus
;
or
out
of
the
Elements
,
as
Empedocles
.
As
if
(
forsooth
)
Generation
were
nothing
in
the
world
,
but
a
meer
Separation
,
or
Collection
,
or
Order
of
things
.
I
do
not
indeed
deny
,
but
that
to
the
Production
of
one
thing
out
of
another
,
these
fore-mentioned
things
are
requisite
:
But
Generation
her self
is
a
thing
quite
distinct
from
them
all
.
(
I
finde
Aristotle
in
this
opinion
)
and
I
my self
intend
to
clear
it
anon
;
that
out
of
the
same
White
of
the
Egge
(
which
all
men
confess
to
be
a
similar
body
,
and
without
diversity
of
Parts
)
all
and
every
the
parts
of
a
Chicken
,
whether
they
be
Bones
,
Clawes
,
Feathers
,
Flesh
,
or
what
ever
else
,
are
procreated
and
fed
.
Besides
,
they
that
argue
thus
,
assigning
onely
a
Material
cause
,
deducing
the
causes
of
Natural
things
,
from
a
voluntary
or
casual
concurrence
of
the
Elements
,
or
from
the
several
disposition
or
contriving
of
Atomes
:
they
doe
not
reach
that
which
is
chiefly
concerned
in
the
Operations
of
Nature
,
and
in
the
Generation
,
and
Nutrition
of
Animals
:
namely
,
the
Divine
Agent
,
and
God
of
Nature
,
whose
operations
are
guided
with
the
highest
artifice
,
providence
,
and
wisdome
,
and
doe
all
tend
to
some
certain
end
,
and
are
all
produced
,
for
some
certain
Good
.
)
But
these
men
derogate
from
the
honour
of
the
Divine
Architect
,
who
hath
made
the
Shell
of
the
Egge
with
as
much
skill
,
for
the
egges
defence
,
as
any
other
particle
;
disposing
the
whole
out
of
the
same
matter
,
and
by
one
and
the
same
formative
faculty
.
Now
though
what
I
have
delivered
is
very
true
,
(
namely
,
that
the
egge
whilest
it
is
yet
in
the
womb
,
is
guarded
with
a
hard
Shell
)
yet
I
have
still
prized
Aristotles
judgement
so
highly
,
that
I
never
would
recede
from
his
Oracles
without
premeditation
,
and
therefore
I
do
conceave
(
which
thing
also
my
own
observations
do
confirm
)
that
some
accession
to
the
induration
of
the
egge-shell
,
doth
accrew
from
the
ambient
air
in
its
very
exit
:
and
that
,
that
stiff
and
slimy
moisture
,
(
wherein
it
is
drenched
at
its
being
laied
)
doth
presently
after
its
exclusion
harden
.
For
the
Shell
,
while
it
is
yet
in
the
womb
,
is
much
thinner
,
more
transparent
,
and
of
a
smoother
superficies
:
But
after
laying
,
it
is
much
thicker
,
lesse
translucid
,
and
of
a
rough
Superficies
(
as
if
it
were
rough
cast
with
a
white
powder
,
which
had
newly
dried
to
insides
.
)
And
now
we
are
upon
this
subject
,
give
me
leave
to
expatiate
a
while
.
In
the
Eastern
barren
Islands
of
Scotland
,
there
is
such
a
mighty
affluence
of
all-most
all
sorts
of
of
Sea-fowle
,
that
if
I
should
relate
all
that
I
have
heard
,
though
from
persons
of
great
integrity
,
I
fear
I
should
be
suspected
more
Fabulous
then
those
several
Authors
,
who
discourse
of
the
Scotish
or
Soland-Geese
,
which
they
story
to
be
born
from
the
fruit
of
certain
Trees
falling
into
the
Sea
(
which
fruit
or
Geese
,
themselves
never
saw
)
However
I
shall
venture
to
relate
what
my
owne
Eyes
have
seen
.
There
is
a
little
Island
,
the
Scots
call
it
Basse
,
(
by
this
,
Reader
,
guess
at
the
rest
of
them
)
it
is
not
far
from
the
shore
,
seated
in
the
Main
Sea
;
standing
upon
a
rugged
and
dangerous
Clift
,
(
you
may
call
it
rather
one
great
continued
Stone
,
or
Rock
,
then
an
Island
)
it
is
not
above
a
mile
about
.
The
superficies
of
this
Island
(
in
the
moneths
of
May
and
June
)
is
almost
covered
quite
over
with
Nests
,
Egges
,
and
Young-Ones
,
that
for
their
infinit
abundance
,
you
can
scarce
set
your
foot
in
a
spare
place
,
and
such
a
mighty
flock
hovereth
over
the
Island
,
that
(
like
thick
clouds
)
they
darken
and
obscure
the
day
:
and
such
a
cry
,
and
noise
they
make
,
that
you
can
hardly
hear
those
that
stand
next
you
.
If
you
look
down
into
the
Sea
beneath
you
(
as
from
a
steep
Tower
,
or
Precipice
)
you
shall
see
it
all
spread
over
with
several
sort
of
fowle
,
swimming
to
and
fro
,
in
pursuit
of
their
Prey
.
Just
at
the
rate
,
as
some
ditches
and
lakes
in
the
Spring
time
,
are
paved
with
Frogs
;
and
open
Hills
,
and
steep
mountains
,
are
stuck
and
embossed
with
flocks
of
sheep
,
and
Goats
.
If
you
saile
round
the
Island
,
and
look
up
into
the
several
Clifts
,
and
Cavernes
of
it
,
you
shall
finde
them
all
peopled
and
inhabited
with
several
colonies
of
Birds
and
Fowle
,
of
distinct
Kinde
,
and
magnitude
:
more
indeed
,
then
in
a
clear
night
,
when
the
Moon
is
absent
,
there
are
Starres
to
be
discerned
in
the
Firmament
:
and
if
you
observe
the
several
Regiments
of
those
that
saily
out
,
and
those
that
flocks
home
wards
at
the
same
time
,
you
would
take
them
for
an
infinite
swarm
of
Bees
.
It
is
not
to
be
imagined
what
a
vast
yearly
revenue
the
Lord
of
the
Island
maketh
of
the
Plumes
,
and
the
Remainders
of
the
Nests
(
which
are
useful
for
firing
)
together
with
the
Egges
which
hee
seetheth
,
and
then
trafficketh
away
:
that
which
he
himself
told
me
,
was
indeed
incredible
.
But
this
one
thing
which
reflects
neerer
upon
our
discourse
,
seemeth
to
me
remarkable
in
chief
,
and
doth
give
a
cleer
testimony
of
the
excessive
multitude
:
which
is
,
that
this
Island
as
you
approach
it
,
shineth
with
a
white
glasing
,
and
the
clifts
resemble
mountaines
of
the
purest
Chalke
,
though
the
native
complexion
of
the
Stone
be
obscure
and
black
.
That
which
thus
discoloureth
the
Island
,
is
a
white
crust
,
which
is
friable
,
and
of
the
very
same
Consistence
,
Complexion
,
and
Nature
with
the
Egge-shell
;
so
that
all
parts
of
the
Island
are
plaistered
over
with
this
hard
tegument
,
and
crumbling
or
friable
crust
or
shale
.
The
bottome
of
the
Island
which
the
Tyde
washeth
every
day
,
retaining
still
its
natural
colour
,
clearly
sheweth
that
that
fucus
,
or
sophisticated
whiteness
,
proceeds
from
the
liquid
Excrements
of
the
Birds
(
which
they
discharge
when
they
disburden
their
Belies
)
and
by
which
,
as
it
were
with
an
Egge-shell
,
white
,
hard
and
friable
,
the
Walls
are
crusted
and
disguised
:
And
after
the
same
manner
,
doe
Aristotle
and
Pliny
consent
,
that
the
Egge-shell
is
formed
.
None
of
these
Birds
are
Citizens
of
the
place
,
but
Forreigners
all
,
and
resort
thither
for
convenient
Laying
,
and
there
they
continue
some
weeks
as
in
their
Inne
;
till
they
and
their
Young-ones
be
all
in
condition
to
fly
away
together
.
But
that
white
Ruff-cast
is
so
solid
,
firme
,
and
thick
,
that
you
would
think
it
were
the
genuine
and
natural
substance
of
the
soile
.
This
liquid
,
white
,
and
bright
Excrement
,
doth
glide
with
the
Urine
from
the
kidnies
of
the
Birds
through
the
Ureters
,
into
the
common
cavity
or
Jakes
,
and
there
covering
over
the
excrements
of
the
guts
,
passeth
forth
together
with
them
,
and
it
is
a
thicker
part
of
their
Urine
,
then
that
which
we
call
the
Sediment
or
Hypostasis
in
ours
.
We
have
spoken
something
of
this
matter
before
,
and
wee
have
demonstrated
it
fuller
elsewhere
.
Store
of
this
white
excrement
is
there
chiefly
to
be
seen
,
where
the
Hawkes
defile
the
walls
that
do
neighbour
their
pertches
with
their
ejections
,
which
they
be-dawb
with
a
glewy
white
,
and
distinguish
as
it
were
with
a
Ceruse
.
I
have
found
as
much
of
this
slimey
cement
in
the
repository
of
a
dead
Ostrich
,
as
would
fill
ones
hand
:
so
also
in
a
Land-Tortoise
,
and
several
other
Four-footed
creatures
,
that
are
Oviparous
,
this
white
plaistering-stuff
doth
abound
;
and
being
disloaded
,
the
thinner
parts
evaporating
,
it
doth
soon
congeale
either
into
a
friable
crusly
substance
,
or
into
a
dust
or
powder
,
resembling
the
egg-shell
,
pounded
in
a
Morter
.
Amongst
the
so
many
several
kindes
of
Birds
(
which
make
their
conflux
to
the
aforesaid
Island
for
Procreation
sake
)
and
so
many
several
structures
of
their
nests
,
wherein
they
hatch
their
young
,
there
was
one
Bird
shewed
me
above
all
the
rest
,
which
layeth
one
onely
egge
,
fixing
it
upon
the
steep
point
of
a
sharp
stone
,
(
having
neither
nest
,
not
any
other
materials
to
support
it
)
and
that
so
secure
,
and
firmly
,
that
the
mother-bird
can
leave
it
there
,
and
return
again
to
it
at
pleasure
,
without
any
prejudice
to
the
egge
at
all
.
But
if
this
egge
be
once
removed
from
its
station
,
no
art
nor
cunning
in
the
world
can
fasten
it
again
,
but
it
instantly
falleth
into
the
sea
,
as
from
a
precipite
,
without
redemption
.
The
reason
is
,
because
the
place
where
it
is
mounted
,
is
incrustated
all
over
with
the
white
cement
;
and
the
egge
being
newly
layed
,
wreaketh
with
a
stiff
and
viscous
humidity
,
which
presently
congealing
,
it
is
agglutinated
to
the
subjacent
stone
,
as
it
were
with
a
kinde
of
soulder
.
An
example
of
so
nimble
a
concretion
as
this
,
we
may
see
at
the
Statuaries
,
who
out
of
calcined
Alabaster
,
or
certain
morter
tempered
with
water
,
doe
make
a
liquid
cement
;
which
being
artificially
applied
,
will
take
off
the
figure
of
the
countenance
of
a
dead
man
,
or
the
shape
and
resemblance
of
any
thing
whatsoever
,
be
it
never
so
litle
;
and
so
that
growing
hard
,
remaineth
for
a
Mould
.
As
therefore
in
almost
all
liquors
there
is
some
earthy
consistence
,
(
as
in
Wine
,
there
is
the
Tariar
;
in
Water
,
mudde
or
sand
;
in
Lie
,
salt
;
which
when
the
greater
part
of
the
moisture
is
exhaled
,
doth
subside
,
and
congeal
at
the
bottom
)
so
is
there
a
white
sediment
,
descending
with
the
urine
from
the
Birds
kidnies
into
the
common
Jakes
,
with
which
I
did
conceive
the
egge
was
there
incrustated
,
and
plaistered
over
;
as
the
pavements
are
by
Hawks
,
and
the
clifts
of
the
fore-said
Island
by
the
numerous
conflux
of
Birds
and
Fowle
:
And
thus
Chamber-pots
,
and
places
where
people
urine
much
,
use
to
be
over-cast
with
a
yellow
crust
,
from
the
concrescence
of
that
substance
,
which
createth
stones
in
the
kidnies
and
bladder
,
and
other
parts
of
the
Body
.
I
did
,
I
say
,
conceive
(
especially
being
induced
thereto
by
the
authority
of
Aristotle
and
Pliny
)
that
out
of
this
white
hypostasis
,
which
doth
much
abound
in
all
Oviparous
creatures
,
(
whose
eggs
are
encompassed
by
a
hard
shell
)
the
fabrick
of
the
Henns
egg-shell
was
erected
,
and
congealed
(
upon
exclusion
)
by
the
cold
ambient
aire
.
And
this
opinion
is
so
rooted
in
me
by
many
other
experiments
,
that
I
can
hardly
forbear
to
believe
,
that
some
part
of
the
shell
at
lest
,
is
produced
from
thence
.
But
(
as
Fabricius
rightly
adviseth
)
let
reason
be
silent
,
where
experience
warranteth
the
contrary
;
for
it
is
too
much
the
crime
of
the
age
we
live
in
,
to
obtrude
opinions
built
upon
conjecture
,
and
slender
reasoning
,
as
infallible
truths
(
without
any
testimony
at
all
from
sense
.
)
For
I
am
certainly
assured
from
Experiment
,
that
the
egge
(
at
lest
here
in
England
)
is
adorned
with
its
shell
,
while
it
hath
its
abode
in
the
Womb
,
though
Aristotle
and
Pliny
affirm
the
contrary
,
and
Fabricius
also
is
not
very
obstinate
in
the
negative
.
Perchance
indeed
in
hotter
countries
,
where
the
hennes
are
of
a
stronger
constitution
,
the
egges
are
commonly
layed
soft
,
and
without
shells
,
but
that
is
very
rare
amongst
us
.
So
when
I
was
at
Venice
,
Aromatarius
,
a
famous
Physitian
,
shewed
mee
a
small
leaf
formed
between
the
two
shales
of
a
Pease
cod
,
though
with
us
in
the
like
case
there
is
onely
a
small
knob
of
the
future
pulse
to
be
seen
.
So
much
doth
the
indulgent
temper
and
clemency
of
the
Heavens
,
Soil
,
and
Aire
,
conduce
to
the
fecundity
,
and
happy
increase
of
things
.
Of
the
rest
of
the
parts
of
the
Egge
.
EXERCIT.
XII
.
WHere
,
how
,
and
when
the
rest
of
the
parts
of
the
egge
are
generated
,
we
have
partly
declared
already
in
the
history
of
the
Womb
;
and
shall
partly
mention
hereafter
,
when
we
come
to
treat
of
their
Use
.
The
White
(
saith
Fabricius
)
is
by
Pliny
called
Lac
avium
,
the
Milk
of
the
Bird.
And
it
is
the
cold
,
stiffe
,
white
liquor
of
the
egge
,
of
different
thickness
,
(
for
at
the
obtuse
and
acute
end
of
the
egge
it
is
more
fluid
,
but
more
crass
in
other
parts
)
and
quantity
(
for
it
is
in
more
abundance
at
the
blunt
end
of
the
egge
,
and
less
at
the
sharp
,
and
yet
still
less
in
the
other
parts
)
embracing
the
yolke
round
about
.
But
I
have
ever
observed
in
a
Hennes
egge
,
not
onely
a
difference
in
the
same
White
,
but
two
distinct
Whites
in
the
same
egge
,
and
both
of
them
involved
in
a
peculiar
membrane
of
their
own
:
One
of
which
is
more
thin
and
fluid
,
and
almost
of
the
same
consistence
with
that
humor
which
we
have
said
to
flow
in
the
folds
of
the
Uterus
,
and
to
constitute
and
nourish
the
White
.
The
other
White
is
more
thick
and
viscous
,
&
dyed
of
a
deeper
whitecolour
then
the
other
;
which
in
stale
,
and
such
eggs
as
the
Hen
sitteth
on
,
after
some
dayes
of
her
Incubation
,
waxeth
yellowish
;
and
as
this
thicker
White
doth
immediatly
surround
the
yolk
,
so
doth
the
liquid
White
encompass
this
.
Now
,
that
these
two
whites
are
really
distinct
,
will
soon
appear
,
if
after
you
have
broken
and
removed
the
shell
,
you
●●ick
the
two
membranes
which
come
next
to
●ind
;
for
then
presently
this
liquid
and
exteriour
White
will
runne
about
,
and
the
two
membranes
sinke
to
the
bottom
of
the
bason
:
but
the
grosser
White
will
all
the
while
keep
within
its
own
bounds
,
and
globous
figure
,
as
being
terminated
with
its
owne
proper
membrane
,
which
yet
is
so
subtile
and
slender
,
that
your
eye
cannot
perceive
it
;
but
if
you
cut
it
cross
the
White
,
it
will
presently
stream
out
,
and
lose
its
round
figure
:
as
when
a
bladder
is
divided
,
the
moisture
contained
therein
is
set
at
liberty
;
and
so
also
if
you
make
a
breach
upon
the
proper
containing-coat
of
the
yolke
,
the
saffron-coloured
juice
will
issue
out
,
and
its
former
globosity
be
destroyed
.
The
Yolke
(
saith
Fabricius
)
is
called
in
Latine
Vitellus
,
from
Vita
,
Life
;
because
the
chicken
liveth
upon
it
:
It
is
also
called
from
its
colour
Ovi
Luteum
,
the
yellow
of
the
Egge
;
in
Greeke
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
;
by
Hippocrates
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
;
by
Aristotle
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
and
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
;
●●e
Antients
(
as
Suidas
out
of
Menander
)
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
▪
that
is
,
the
pullus
,
or
chicken
;
because
they
conceived
the
chicken
was
bred
of
that
part
.
It
is
the
softest
juice
that
is
in
all
the
egge
,
and
confined
within
a
most
thin
membrane
,
which
being
broken
,
it
presently
glideth
forth
,
and
is
then
inconstant
to
any
figure
:
it
is
treasured
up
in
the
middle
of
the
egge
,
being
sometimes
yellow
,
and
sometimes
of
a
mixed
complexion
,
betwixt
yellow
and
pallid
;
it
is
exactly
circular
,
and
of
divers
magnitude
,
according
to
the
diversity
of
the
magnitude
of
the
Fowles
themselves
;
for
Water-fowle
have
a
larger
yolke
,
and
Land-fowle
a
larger
White
,
saith
Aristotle
.
According
to
whom
also
,
The
yolk
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
2.
and
White
are
of
a
contrary
nature
,
not
in
colour
only
but
power
;
for
the
yolk
is
condensed
by
cold
,
which
cold
doth
not
condense
the
white
,
but
dissolve
it
.
And
so
on
the
contrary
,
the
white
is
condensed
by
fire
,
but
the
yolk
is
not
condensed
thereby
,
but
remaineth
soft
unless
the
egge
be
over-rosted
;
being
more
dryed
and
hardned
by
being
boyled
then
rosted
.
And
as
in
the
greater
world
,
the
earth
is
deposited
in
the
Center
the
Air
and
the
Water
being
round
about
it
,
so
also
the
yolk
,
as
the
more
earthy
part
,
is
incircled
by
the
two
whites
,
whereof
the
one
is
grosser
,
the
other
finer
.
Nay
(
Aristotle
addeth
further
)
if
any
man
beat
many
egges
together
in
a
bason
,
and
boyle
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
2.
de
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
1.
them
with
a
soft
and
gentle
fire
,
the
yolks
will
in
their
entire
mass
gather
themselves
orbicularly
into
the
midst
,
and
the
whites
surround
them
.
Yet
Physitians
generally
do
decree
the
White
to
be
the
colder
part
.
But
of
that
more
hereafter
.
The
Chalazae
,
that
is
,
the
Hail-stones
,
or
litle
pearls
or
specks
,
like
Haile
(
which
the
Italians
call
egge
;
one
seated
in
the
obtuse
,
the
other
in
the
Acute
Angle
of
the
egge
.
The
major
part
of
both
which
is
found
in
the
white
,
but
yet
they
adhere
closer
to
the
yolke
,
and
are
annexed
to
its
membrane
.
They
are
something
oblong
bodies
,
more
congealed
,
and
whiter
then
the
white
it self
,
knotly
,
and
in
some
sort
transparent
,
as
Hail
is
,
from
whence
they
borrow
their
compellation
:
for
every
Chalaza
containeth
several
hail-stones
as
it
were
,
glewed
to
one
another
by
the
white
.
One
of
these
Chalazae
is
larger
then
his
fellow
,
and
more
distant
from
the
yolke
,
towards
the
blunt
end
of
the
egge
;
the
other
smaller
,
and
tendeth
from
the
yolke
to
the
sharp
end
of
the
egge
.
The
larger
of
these
two
is
made
up
of
three
knotty
substances
,
like
haile-stones
,
or
seed-pearles
,
which
are
placed
a
small
space
one
from
the
other
,
the
lesser
lying
behinde
the
greater
.
In
all
eggs
of
all
Birds
whatsoever
,
whether
they
be
fertile
,
or
addle
,
these
chalazae
are
to
be
found
,
and
that
in
each
end
,
one
;
whence
the
fond
perswasion
of
old
Wives
,
that
the
chalazae
are
the
Cocks
seed
,
and
the
subject
matter
out
of
which
the
chicken
is
procreated
,
lyeth
waste
,
and
overturned
.
And
yet
Fabricius
himself
,
though
he
absolutely
deny
that
they
are
made
of
the
seed
of
the
Cock
,
yet
he
laboureth
with
many
arguments
,
to
prove
,
that
they
are
that
immediate
matter
,
which
the
Cock
endoweth
with
fecundity
,
and
out
of
which
the
fabrick
of
the
chicken
is
erected
:
which
he
endeavoureth
to
evince
by
this
fraile
ground
,
that
(
forsooth
)
in
an
egge
when
its
boyled
,
the
chalazae
are
in
such
sort
contracted
and
shrunk
up
,
as
that
they
represent
a
conception
,
or
chicken
shaped
,
and
hatched
.
But
how
improbable
a
thing
is
it
,
that
every
egge
should
have
two
seeds
or
rudiments
,
for
the
constitution
of
one
only
chicken
,
when
no
man
living
ever
yet
beheld
any
foundation
or
progress
of
a
chicken
,
but
only
in
the
blunt
angle
of
the
egge
?
And
moreover
,
there
is
no
sensible
difference
at
all
between
the
chalazae
of
those
eggs
which
coition
hath
made
fruitful
,
and
those
which
are
altogether
barren
.
But
this
worthy
man
was
mistaken
in
the
intent
of
the
chalazae
,
which
shall
appear
more
clearly
hereafter
.
In
the
eggs
of
the
least
Birds
of
all
,
you
may
track
these
chalazae
,
which
appear
there
like
a
fine
thred
,
or
slender
nerve
.
But
in
the
two
ends
of
the
egs
of
the
Ostrich
and
Cassoware
,
I
have
seen
exceeding
thick
,
long
,
and
white
chalazae
,
consisting
of
many
little
globous
bodies
,
of
different
dimension
.
In
the
blunter
end
of
the
egge
,
neer
the
shell
in
obtuse
angle
of
the
egge
.
In
a
new-layed
egge
it
is
but
litle
,
seeming
in
magnitude
of
the
bigness
of
the
ball
of
a
mans
eye
;
but
it
increaseth
dayly
,
according
as
the
egge
groweth
staler
,
and
the
weather
hotter
.
After
one
dayes
incubation
,
it
spreadeth
mainly
,
as
if
some
thinner
part
of
the
white
,
which
lyeth
uppermost
,
were
exhaled
,
and
the
rest
contracted
,
and
so
the
space
grown
wider
.
For
this
cavity
resideth
between
the
shell
,
(
which
in
that
place
hath
no
membrane
to
line
it
)
and
that
outward
membrane
which
containeth
all
the
liquidities
of
the
egg
.
All
eggs
whatever
have
it
,
nay
,
I
have
found
it
in
the
eggs
which
remain
as
yet
in
the
Uterus
of
the
Henne
,
so
soon
as
ever
they
assume
a
shell
.
Some
that
pretend
to
cunning
in
this
matter
,
will
prognosticate
,
that
if
this
cavity
be
directly
in
the
top
of
the
egge
,
the
chicken
then
will
be
a
cocke
,
but
if
it
deflect
to
the
side
,
it
will
be
a
henne
.
But
this
is
most
certain
,
if
the
cavity
be
very
small
,
it
signifieth
the
egge
is
new-layed
,
but
if
it
be
any
thing
large
,
a
stale
one
.
But
more
largely
of
this
hereafter
.
There
is
a
very
small
white
circle
embracing
the
Birds
eye
,
being
white
,
flat
,
and
round
.
And
all
egges
have
this
too
,
even
from
their
very
first
original
in
the
yolk
.
And
therefore
Fabricius
is
deceived
,
while
he
fancieth
this
spot
to
be
nothing
but
a
relique
of
the
stalk
broken
off
from
the
yolk
;
by
which
it
was
incorporated
to
the
cluster
in
the
Ovary
.
For
the
Pedunculus
or
stalk
(
as
himself
acknowledgeth
)
is
hollow
,
and
as
it
approacheth
neerer
to
the
yolk
,
it
dilateth
it self
,
that
it
may
encompass
it
round
,
and
shut
it
up
as
in
a
litle
bag
or
purse
;
for
it
is
not
fastned
into
the
middle
of
the
yolk
(
as
the
stalks
of
Apples
,
and
other
Fruits
are
)
that
so
it
should
leave
a
relique
behinde
it
,
when
it
falleth
off
.
Now
if
sometimes
in
a
very
fair
yolk
(
as
Fabricius
reporteth
)
you
chance
to
finde
a
double
Cicatrice
,
it
may
probably
occasion
a
Monster
,
or
Twinnes
,
(
as
shall
be
discoursed
hereafter
)
but
doth
no
way
import
a
double
stalk
.
But
he
is
extremely
overseen
,
in
thinking
this
Cicatrice
to
be
utterly
useless
:
for
it
is
the
most
material
,
concerned
part
in
the
whole
egge
,
for
whose
sake
all
the
rest
of
the
parts
are
created
,
and
the
original
and
foundation
out
of
which
the
Chicken
it self
is
formed
.
And
Parisanus
doth
falsly
contend
,
that
this
is
the
Cocks
seed
.
Of
the
difference
of
Eggs.
EXERCIT.
XIII
.
THere
is
a
two-fold
acceptation
of
the
word
Egge
;
proper
,
or
improper
.
An
egge
in
its
proper
Acceptation
is
that
thing
,
to
which
Aristotles
definition
Hist.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
5.
of
an
egge
doth
square
:
An
egge
is
that
thing
,
one
part
of
which
doth
constitute
an
Animal
,
and
the
rest
doth
nourish
it
,
when
it
is
constituted
.
In
its
improper
acceptation
,
it
is
that
to
which
Aristotles
definition
de
gen.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
2.
about
the
same
place
is
proportioned
.
An
Egge
is
that
thing
out
of
which
the
whole
Animal
is
constituted
.
And
of
this
kinde
are
the
eggs
of
Ants
,
Flies
,
Spiders
,
some
kinde
of
Butterflies
,
and
many
other
very
small
egges
of
that
kinde
:
which
Aristotle
doth
almost
every
where
scruple
to
call
by
the
name
of
eggs
,
but
stileth
them
little
wormes
.
Thus
far
Fabricins
;
but
we
(
whose
designe
is
chiefly
to
treat
of
the
obtuse
angle
;
and
if
they
be
very
new
indeed
,
they
are
something
rough
with
a
dust
or
powder
that
sticketh
to
their
sides
;
but
those
that
are
stale
,
as
their
complexion
is
darker
,
so
their
shell
is
smoother
.
New-layed
eggs
(
if
they
be
whole
)
being
put
near
the
fire
will
sweat
,
and
are
of
much
pleasanter
taste
,
and
more
esteemed
of
,
then
other
.
And
eggs
after
two
or
three
dayes
incubation
,
are
even
then
sweeter
relished
then
stale
ones
are
:
as
if
the
cherishing
warmness
of
the
Hen
,
did
refresh
and
restore
them
to
their
primitive
excellence
and
integrity
.
And
after
full
fourteen
days
(
when
the
Chicken
now
beginneth
to
be
downey
,
and
extendeth
his
dominion
over
half
the
egge
,
and
the
jolke
is
almost
still
entire
)
I
have
boyled
an
egge
till
it
was
hard
,
that
so
I
might
discerne
the
position
of
the
chicken
more
distinctly
,
which
was
limned
out
in
the
white
of
the
egge
,
as
if
the
chicken
had
been
cast
in
a
Mould
:
and
yet
the
yolke
was
as
sweet
and
pleasant
as
that
of
a
new-laid
egge
,
when
it
is
in
like
manner
boyled
to
an
induration
.
The
yolke
of
an
egge
taken
out
of
a
live
Hen
,
and
presently
eaten
,
tasteth
much
sweeter
raw
,
then
dressed
.
Eggs
are
likewise
distinguishable
from
their
figure
;
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
2.
l.
10.
c.
52.
lib.
9.
de
Rust
.
c.
5.
for
some
are
longer
,
and
sharper
then
others
.
Out
of
these
oblong
and
acute
eggs
(
according
to
Aristotle
)
are
hennes
begotten
,
and
of
the
blunt
,
cocks
.
But
Pliny
saith
the
contrary
;
The
rounder
sort
of
eggs
(
saith
he
)
breed
Hennes
,
the
other
,
Cocks
.
And
Columella
is
of
his
minde
too
:
If
one
would
have
good
store
of
Cocks
(
quoth
he
)
let
him
place
the
longest
and
sharpest
eggs
under
his
Hen
;
and
if
the
contrary
,
let
him
provide
the
roundest
he
can
get
for
money
.
Aristotles
Henne
.
)
And
now
on
the
other
side
,
the
lesser
sort
of
egges
are
reputed
imperfect
,
and
the
least
sort
of
all
,
utterly
improlifical
.
And
therefore
Aristotle
,
to
procure
a
constant
race
of
egges
of
a
fair
size
,
recommendeth
the
frequent
coition
of
cock
and
hen
;
for
he
concludeth
the
barren
and
subvontuneous
egges
to
be
all
of
the
lesser
sort
,
and
more
insipid
;
and
that
because
they
are
moister
and
imperfecter
then
others
.
Now
this
distinction
of
egges
here
spoken
of
,
is
to
be
understood
of
the
egges
of
one
and
the
same
hen
(
for
should
a
hen
lay
eggs
alwaies
of
the
same
dimensions
,
she
would
alwaies
hatch
them
all
cocks
,
or
all
hennes
)
because
if
you
take
it
otherwise
,
the
conjecture
of
which
will
be
a
cocke
or
a
henne
,
raised
from
the
signes
above
mentioned
,
will
be
very
dubions
.
For
several
henns
,
lay
eggs
of
a
several
shape
,
and
magnitude
:
for
some
lay
oblong
,
some
rounder
,
and
litle
differing
the
one
from
the
other
.
For
though
I
have
sometimes
found
a
difference
in
the
eggs
layed
by
the
same
henn
,
yet
the
distinction
is
so
exceeding
small
,
that
unless
a
man
be
very
well
versed
,
he
will
not
perceive
it
.
For
since
all
the
eggs
of
the
same
henne
,
are
cast
and
modelled
in
the
same
womb
(
as
in
a
Mould
)
they
are
all
impressed
with
,
neer
upon
,
the
same
figure
:
and
therefore
it
cannot
be
avoided
,
but
that
they
should
much
resemble
one
another
(
as
those
excrements
that
are
figured
in
the
same
complications
of
the
same
Colon
)
insomuch
that
I
my selfe
have
with
case
in
a
litle
basket
of
egges
sorted
every
hennes
egges
by
themselves
.
And
who
ever
practiseth
it
,
shall
be
nimble
at
it
.
Certainly
it
is
worth
our
wonder
which
dayly
experience
declareth
in
Keepers
.
The
more
diligent
sort
of
Keepers
of
Parks
,
that
have
the
charge
of
several
herds
of
Deer
,
will
tell
you
punctually
which
and
which
are
the
Hornes
of
such
and
such
Deere
,
as
often
as
they
ca●
their
Heads
.
A
silly
,
ignorant
Shepherd
,
who
had
the
care
of
a
great
flock
of
sheep
,
grew
so
well
acquainted
with
every
particular
sheep
,
that
if
any
one
were
missing
(
though
he
had
not
arithmetick
enough
to
count
them
)
he
could
punctually
tell
which
it
was
,
of
whom
it
was
bought
,
and
whence
it
came
.
And
once
,
to
make
tryal
of
him
,
his
Master
commanded
him
,
out
of
forty
lambes
which
he
penned
up
in
a
Fould
on
purpose
,
to
single
out
the
particular
lamb
of
such
an
Ewe
,
which
he
did
exactly
,
and
carried
to
the
Damme
.
I
know
some
Huntsmen
,
that
if
they
have
once
seen
a
Deer
,
or
the
hornes
of
a
Deer
,
or
footsteps
only
in
soft
ground
,
are
able
to
know
the
same
Deer
again
from
all
the
Herd
besides
,
even
by
those
very
horns
,
or
tread
:
(
just
as
the
Lion
is
distinguished
by
his
Pew
)
nay
having
meerly
seen
the
print
of
the
Deers
hoofe
,
they
will
exactly
resolve
,
how
large
the
Deer
is
,
how
fat
,
and
how
swift
:
as
whether
he
be
well
in
breath
,
or
over-hunted
;
and
also
,
whether
a
Buck
or
a
Doe
.
And
more
then
this
,
there
are
some
,
who
when
forty
Dogs
are
pursuing
the
Chase
,
and
are
in
full
Cry
,
will
distinguish
them
all
,
(
though
a
great
way
off
)
and
will
by
their
●●●
inform
you
,
which
Dog
is
first
,
and
which
behinde
;
which
hunteth
upon
the
sent
,
and
which
is
at
a
loss
;
whether
the
Deer
be
still
in
flight
,
or
●●
a
Bay
,
&
disputing
the
conquest
with
his
horns
;
whether
he
have
stood
long
,
or
be
newly
rowsed
.
And
all
this
in
the
very
midst
of
the
dogs
,
hunters
,
and
windings
of
the
horns
,
even
in
a
woody
Park
,
and
where
they
were
never
in
their
lives
before
.
We
are
not
therefore
to
wonder
so
much
,
if
those
●●●t
practise
it
,
can
discover
which
Egge
belongeth
to
which
Hen:
I
would
we
could
as
easily
judge
which
Son
belongeth
to
which
Father
.
But
the
chiefe
difference
of
Eggs
consisteth
in
this
,
that
some
are
fruitfull
,
and
some
addle
,
which
de
Re
rust
.
c.
1.
West
wind
is
exceeding
fruitfull
,
and
thence
the
name
Zephyrus
,
quasi
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
enlivening
;
for
so
Virgil
:
—
Zephyrique
tepentibus
auris
Laxant
arva
sinus
,
superat
tener
omnibus
burner
,
Parturit
omnis
ager
,
&c.
—
And
when
warm
Zephyrus
blows
,
The
fields
dissolve
,
soft
moisture
overflows
,
And
every
Pasture
grows
.
And
therefore
the
people
of
old
,
seeing
their
Hens
in
the
Spring-time
lay
,
this
wind
then
blowing
,
did
conceive
Zephyrus
to
be
the
Author
of
the
generation
of
those
eggs
.
Eggs
are
likewise
Urine
,
and
Cynosura
(
when
the
Hen
will
sit
no
longer
upon
them
)
so
called
,
because
egges
grow
often
addle
in
the
Dog-dayes
,
for
the
henne
deserteth
them
by
reason
of
the
extream
Heat
;
or
else
because
about
that
time
of
the
year
,
it
thundered
often
:
for
Aristotle
saith
,
that
Egges
rot
,
if
at
the
Hist
an
.
l.
6.
c.
2.
Pliny
lib.
10.
c.
54.
time
of
the
Hennes
incubation
it
chance
to
thunders
Those
egges
are
esteemed
foecunda
,
fruitfull
,
which
(
if
there
be
no
outward
impediment
)
by
a
quickning
heat
will
generate
chickens
;
which
may
be
effected
not
onely
by
the
incubation
of
the
Hen●
whose
egges
they
are
,
but
of
any
other
Fowle
of
competent
magnitude
to
cherish
and
cover
them
,
or
by
any
other
cherishing
warmth
whatsoever
.
For
Aristotle
saith
,
That
chickens
are
as
well
hatched
upon
the
ground
of
their
own
accord
,
as
by
the
birds
incubation
:
As
in
Egypt
they
cover
the
egges
with
dung
.
And
the
Story
goeth
,
That
a
good
fellow
of
Syracusa
sate
so
long
upon
a
mat
under
the
which
eggs
were
layed
,
that
ere
he
had
done
tipling
the
chickens
were
hatched
.
The
Emperesse
Livia
is
also
reported
to
have
cherished
an
egge
so
long
in
her
bosom
,
till
the
chicken
was
bred
.
And
to
this
day
in
Egypt
,
and
other
parts
,
chickens
are
hatched
by
stoves
and
ovens
.
An
egge
therefore
(
as
Fabricius
truly
affirmeth
)
is
not
only
the
Uterus
,
and
place
Agent
,
Matter
,
Instrument
,
Place
,
and
ever
other
Requisite
whatsoever
.
For
certain
it
is
,
that
the
chicken
is
constituted
by
an
internal
principle
in
the
egge
,
and
that
there
is
no
accession
to
a
complete
and
perfect
egge
,
by
the
Hennes
incubation
,
but
bare
cherishing
and
protection
:
no
more
then
the
Hen
contributeth
to
the
chickens
which
are
now
hatched
,
which
is
onely
a
friendly
heat
,
and
care
,
by
which
she
defendeth
them
from
the
cold
,
and
forreign
injuries
,
and
helpeth
them
to
their
meat
.
And
therefore
the
Incubation
of
the
Henne
is
required
,
that
she
may
upon
that
relation
undertake
the
education
of
the
chicken
,
instruct
and
direct
their
walks
,
prepare
and
look
for
their
feeding
,
and
by
the
comfort
of
her
wings
cherish
them
.
And
all
these
things
will
not
be
so
well
performed
by
any
but
her
.
We
have
indeed
Capons
,
and
mungrel-fowle
,
such
as
are
the
issue
of
a
Pheasant-cock
and
a
Dunghill-henne
,
which
will
sit
upon
the
egges
,
and
hatch
them
too
,
but
they
have
no
dexterity
to
guide
the
chickens
,
or
mannage
the
charge
of
their
education
.
I
can
here
but
admire
(
intending
to
treat
larger
hereafter
of
the
same
matter
)
with
what
constancy
and
patience
,
almost
all
female
Birds
will
out-sit
whole
nights
and
dayes
,
and
impare
their
healths
,
and
almost
famish
themselves
;
and
to
what
hazards
they
expose
themselves
in
defence
of
their
egges
,
which
,
if
upon
necessary
occasion
they
are
at
any
time
constrained
to
leave
,
oh
!
how
earnestly
,
and
with
what
dispatch
doe
they
hasten
their
return
!
Ducks
,
and
Geese
,
for
the
time
of
their
absence
,
cover
their
eggs
with
straw
.
And
with
what
undaunted
resolution
will
these
feeble
parents
many
times
combat
in
right
of
their
egges
,
which
perhaps
are
subventaneous
or
addle
,
nay
sometimes
artificial
of-springs
,
the
issues
of
chalk
or
ivory
,
whose
injuries
yet
they
will
revenge
with
the
same
magnanimity
,
with
those
done
to
their
legitimate
productions
?
Indeed
the
Birds
affection
towards
the
dull
,
liveless
egge
,
is
exceeding
wonderful
,
which
is
altogether
incapable
of
making
any
return
of
friendship
or
respect
.
Who
can
forbeare
to
be
amazed
at
the
affection
,
or
phrensie
rather
of
a
Henne
that
is
glocking
,
or
ready
to
sit●
which
nothing
can
extinguish
,
but
a
deluge
of
cold
water
;
for
so
long
as
this
rage
is
upon
her
,
〈◊〉
groweth
quite
careless
,
and
walkes
like
a
bed
him
,
with
her
wings
trailed
,
and
feathers
rough
,
and
advanced
,
and
she
her self
mournful
,
and
restless
:
●●
she
meet
with
any
Henne
sitting
,
she
will
depose●
her
,
having
all
her
thoughts
bent
upon
egges
and
incubation
;
nor
will
she
desist
,
till
shee
either
〈◊〉
egges
to
sit
upon
,
or
chickens
to
discipline
:
which
then
she
doth
assemble
,
nurture
,
feed
,
and
protect
with
admirable
zeal
.
Who
can
refrain
smiling
,
to
see
a
Henne
follow
young
Ducklins
,
and
having
hatched
up
that
supposititious
brood
(
apprehending
them
to
be
her
own
)
pursue
them
when
they
are
now
swimming
in
the
Pond
,
while
she
her self
circuites
about
the
brimmes
,
and
many
times
attempts
to
sail
after
to
the
hazard
of
drowning
,
still
calling
,
and
enticeing
them
back
,
as
if
they
had
mistaken
themselves
.
Aristotle
giveth
this
reason
why
steril
egges
produce
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
2.
no
chickens
,
namely
,
because
the
juices
contained
in
them
receive
no
thickening
by
incubation
,
neither
doth
their
yolk
or
white
recede
any
thing
from
the
nature
they
were
of
before
.
But
of
this
wee
shall
discourse
hereafter
,
in
our
general
contemplation
of
Generation
.
Our
women
,
that
they
may
distinguish
between
egges
that
have
chickens
in
them
,
and
egges
that
are
barren
and
addle
,
after
the
fourteenth
or
sixteenth
day
from
the
Hennes
first
sitting
,
do
gently
drop
the
egges
into
warme
water
,
and
those
that
sinke
to
the
bottom
they
account
barren
,
but
those
that
swim
,
fertile
.
And
if
the
chicken
in
the
egge
be
of
any
considerable
growth
,
and
bestirre
himself
lustily
,
the
egge
will
not
onely
tumble
up
and
down
,
but
leap
and
caper
.
And
if
you
listen
close
for
some
dayes
before
exclusion
,
you
may
perceive
the
chickens
,
kick
,
make
a
noise
,
and
cry
after
their
manner
.
Which
kinde
of
Commotions
when
the
Sitting
Henne
discovereth
in
her
nest
,
she
removeth
the
egges
,
and
rowleth
them
to
and
fro
,
(
as
carefull
mothers
do
their
disquiet
and
peevish
infants
in
the
craedle
)
till
the
chickens
being
accommodated
with
convenient
posture
,
lye
hushed
,
and
still
.
Hen-eggs
are
likewise
distinguished
from
their
Number
.
For
some
Hens
(
saith
the
Philosopher
)
lay
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
1.
all
the
year
long
,
bating
onely
the
two
Winter
moneths
.
Some
gallant
Hens
will
bring
sixty
eggs
before
the
Suting
time
;
yet
these
are
not
so
fruitfull
as
the
ordinary
sort
of
Hens
.
The
Adrian
Hens
are
small
,
but
lay
every
day
;
yet
they
are
very
testy
,
and
many
times
〈◊〉
their
chickens
;
and
their
feathers
are
of
change
〈◊〉
colours
.
Some
domestick
Hens
will
lay
twice
a
day
and
the
fecundity
of
some
,
shorteneth
their
dayes
.
Some
Hens
in
England
lay
every
day
;
but
the
ordinary
fertile
race
,
for
the
most
part
,
lay
for
two
dayes
together
;
namely
,
the
first
egg
in
the
morning
,
the
second
in
the
evening
following
,
and
the
third
is
a
day
of
vacancy
.
Some
Hens
have
an
unlucky
custome
to
break
their
eggs
,
and
leave
their
nests
;
but
whether
this
be
their
disease
,
or
vice
,
is
yet
unresolved
.
There
are
differences
also
taken
from
Incubation
;
for
some
Hennes
sit
once
,
some
twice
,
others
thrice
,
oftner
.
Florentinus
writeth
,
that
certain
Hennes
,
Natives
of
that
Alexandria
which
is
in
Egypt
,
called
Monosirae
,
of
whom
springeth
a
race
of
Game-cocks
,
doe
sit
two
or
three
times
,
having
the
chickens
which
they
have
newly
hatched
taken
from
them
,
&
brought
up
apart
.
By
which
mean
it
cometh
to
pass
,
that
one
Hen
will
hatch
forty
,
sixty
,
and
sometimes
more
chickens
at
one
sitting
.
Some
Eggs
also
are
of
a
large
,
some
of
a
less
,
and
least
size
of
all
;
and
these
last
are
commonly
called
in
Italy
,
Centenina
;
and
our
Women
,
to
this
day
,
(
as
of
old
also
)
bely
them
to
be
Cocks-eggs
,
and
that
they
produce
Basilisks
.
The
Common
people
(
saith
Fabricius
)
think
this
small
egge
to
be
the
Hennes
concluding
production
,
after
she
hath
layed
at
hundred
eggs
(
from
whence
it
is
called
Centeninum
,
the
Hundredth
egge
)
which
hath
no
yolk
at
all
;
yet
hath
all
the
other
parts
,
as
the
Chalazae
,
the
White
,
the
Membranes
,
and
the
Shell
.
For
it
is
likely
that
this
is
then
layed
,
when
all
the
yolkes
are
already
completed
into
Eggs
,
and
there
is
no
more
remaining
,
yolks
the
Vitellary
,
that
may
become
eggs
;
but
yet
on
the
other
side
,
there
is
still
some
litle
White
behinde
,
and
●●
of
that
Modicum
of
White
it
is
probable
this
litle
Egge
is
framed
.
But
this
seemeth
not
probable
to
〈◊〉
;
because
it
is
an
assured
truth
,
that
when
the
Ovary
is
exhausted
,
the
Second
Uterus
also
(
as
himselfe
confesseth
)
is
also
spent
,
and
wasted
into
a
●eer
membrane
,
not
containing
any
residue
of
the
White
,
or
Moisture
at
all
.
Fabricius
goeth
on
:
There
i●
sound
a
two-fold
Ovum
Centeninum
,
one
without
a
yolk
,
(
and
this
is
properly
called
Centeninum
)
which
is
the
last
the
henne
layeth
,
with
which
the
henne
,
concludeth
her
Laying
for
that
season
:
the
other
also
is
a
very
small
egge
,
but
hath
a
yolke
,
and
is
not
the
concluding
,
but
some
intervenient
egge
,
after
which
the
henne
doth
persist
to
lay
egges
of
a
just
magnitude
,
as
before
;
but
it
faileth
in
its
dimensions
,
by
reason
of
some
impair
in
the
vegetal
faculty
,
as
it
happeneth
to
Peaches
,
and
other
Fruits
,
whereof
some
are
of
a
full
growth
,
and
others
exceeding
small
.
He
might
have
accused
for
this
mischance
,
the
inclemency
of
the
Aire
,
and
Soile
,
also
the
penury
,
and
pravity
of
the
nourishment
.
But
,
that
the
last
Egges
are
alwaies
very
litle
,
I
cannot
willingly
consent
.
Nor
are
even
Egges
without
their
Monsters
.
For
Ornithol
.
l.
14.
pag.
260
the
Augurs
(
saith
Aristotle
)
did
account
it
Ominous
,
when
Eggs
were
laid
that
were
all
yolke
;
or
when
such
egges
were
found
in
the
henne
,
she
being
cut
up
,
under
the
Septum
Transversum
,
and
they
of
the
magnitude
of
a
Perfect
Egge
.
And
hither
may
be
referred
Ova
Gemellifica
,
Twinne-eggs
,
which
are
furnished
with
two
yolkes
;
such
as
I
lately
found
in
the
Uterus
of
a
henne
,
i●
being
complete
,
and
guarded
with
a
Shell
,
having
Yolks
,
Cicatrices
,
and
the
grosser
Whites
,
all
doubles
it
had
also
four
Chalazae
;
but
,
as
for
the
White
of
thinner
consistence
,
there
was
onely
One
,
which
did
encompass
all
the
rest
:
it
had
also
two
onely
common
investing
Membranes
,
and
one
single
Shell
.
For
though
Aristotle
affirme
,
that
some
hennes
alwaies
produce
such
Eggs
;
yet
,
that
it
so
happeneth
by
the
course
of
nature
,
I
can
hardly
believe
.
And
though
two
chickens
may
be
hatched
out
of
such
Eggs
,
(
which
I
have
experimented
,
contrary
to
Fabricius
his
perswasion
,
who
saith
,
that
of
such
all
eg
,
the
chicken
hatched
will
have
four
legs
,
two
heads
,
&
four
wings
;
of
which
hereafter
)
yet
they
are
not
vital
,
but
commonly
dye
soon
,
and
that
either
for
defect
of
Aire
,
or
room
in
the
Shell
,
or
that
one
is
an
impediment
to
the
other
,
and
doth
violence
to
it
;
for
it
cannot
be
,
that
both
should
be
equally
ready
and
ripe
for
Exclusion
,
and
that
one
should
not
prove
an
Abortion
.
To
summe
up
all
:
The
Differences
of
Eggs
are
chiefly
of
three
kindes
:
For
some
are
Fertile
,
and
some
Addle
;
some
produce
Cocks
,
and
some
Hens
;
some
spring
from
Parents
of
the
same
species
,
and
some
from
Parents
of
a
diverse
species
,
and
so
bring
mungril-chickens
;
such
as
are
conceived
from
a
Dunghill-hen
,
and
a
Cock-Pheasant
,
and
so
resemble
either
the
Cock
that
obtained
the
first
,
or
last
Coition
.
For
,
according
to
Aristotle
,
the
egge
which
is
constituted
by
Coition
,
passeth
from
its
own
kinde
into
another
,
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
2.
in
case
the
henne
proceed
to
Coition
,
(
having
either
a
barren
egge
in
her
,
or
else
an
egge
conceive
by
the
semen
of
cocks
of
different
kinde
)
before
the
yolk
have
procured
its
white
.
And
thus
are
barren
egg
fructified
,
and
fruitfull
eggs
entertain
the
form
of
that
●ocke
,
who
had
the
last
courtesie
in
Coition
.
But
if
the
White
be
already
obtained
,
it
cannot
be
,
that
either
barren
eggs
should
be
altered
into
fruitfull
;
or
that
those
egges
which
are
already
conceived
by
Coition
,
should
pass
into
the
kinde
of
that
cock
who
was
last
entertained
.
For
the
Cocks
semen
is
(
as
Scaliger
sharply
observeth
)
like
A
Testament
,
where
the
last
will
is
that
which
taketh
place
.
To
these
differences
may
be
perhaps
added
,
that
,
whereby
some
Eggs
are
strong
,
veget
,
and
(
if
wee
may
so
say
)
couragious
;
for
as
there
is
a
soule
in
Eggs
,
so
have
they
likewise
a
competent
vertue
.
For
as
in
other
sorts
of
Animals
,
some
Females
are
so
libidinous
and
full
of
venery
,
that
they
take
like
Tinder
,
from
one
single
act
of
Coition
(
be
it
never
so
feeble
,
and
the
male
never
so
impotent
)
and
conceive
forthwith
,
and
bring
diverse
foetuses
by
that
one
act
:
others
again
are
so
dull
and
sluggish
,
that
unless
they
be
provided
with
a
more
generous
male
,
and
him
also
highly
inflamed
(
and
the
coition
likewise
repeated
and
continued
)
they
will
remain
unsuccessfull
.
The
same
also
befalleth
in
Eggs
,
whereof
some
,
though
conceived
by
coition
,
are
improlifical
,
unless
they
be
impowered
by
repeated
,
and
continued
coition
.
Hence
it
cometh
to
pass
,
that
some
egges
are
quickly
altered
,
and
after
three
dayes
of
Incubation
discover
some
rudiments
of
a
foetus
:
but
others
are
either
easily
corrupted
,
or
are
slow
in
their
progress
towards
chickens
,
and
yield
no
expectation
of
a
chicken
,
even
at
the
seventh
day
:
As
shall
be
hereafter
proved
,
in
the
discourse
of
the
Generation
of
the
Pulbus
,
or
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
.
And
thus
farre
of
the
Womb
of
the
Hen
,
and
its
Office
:
as
also
of
the
Generation
of
the
Hen-egge
,
its
differences
,
and
accidents
:
wherein
we
have
delivered
what
we
have
experimented
our selves
;
by
which
you
may
give
judgement
of
other
Oviprous
creatures
.
It
now
remaineth
that
we
should
prosecute
〈◊〉
history
,
of
the
Generation
,
and
Formation
of
the
Foetus
out
of
the
Egge
.
For
(
as
I
informed
you
before
)
the
whole
Contemplation
of
the
brood
of
H●●
and
Cocks
is
comprehended
in
these
two
things
namely
,
how
the
Egge
is
produced
of
the
Henne
and
Cocke
,
and
how
the
Cock
and
Henne
are
framed
out
of
an
Egge
:
and
by
this
circle
the
propagation
of
their
Race
may
by
the
benefit
and
favour
of
Nature
,
be
prolonged
,
and
continued
.
Of
the
generation
of
the
Foetus
out
of
a
Hen-egge
.
EXERCIT.
XIV
.
WEe
have
already
discovered
the
Formation
,
and
Generation
of
the
Egge
;
it
remains
that
we
now
deliver
our
Observations
,
concerning
the
Procreation
of
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
.
An
undertaking
equally
difficult
,
usefull
,
and
pleasant
as
the
former
.
For
Natures
Rudiments
and
Attempts
are
involved
in
obscurity
and
deep
night
,
and
so
perplext
with
subtilties
,
that
they
delude
the
most
piercing
wit
,
as
well
as
the
sharpest
eye
.
Nor
can
we
easier
discover
the
secret
recesses
,
and
dark
principles
of
Generation
,
then
the
method
of
the
fabrick
and
Composure
of
the
which
world
.
In
this
reciprocal
interchange
of
Generation
and
Corruption
consists
the
Aeternity
and
Dura●●
of
mortal
creatures
.
And
as
the
Rising
and
●etting
of
the
Sun
,
doth
by
continued
revolutions
complete
and
perfect
Time
:
so
doth
the
alternate
vicissitude
of
Individuums
,
by
a
constant
repetition
of
the
same
species
,
perpetuate
the
continuance
of
●ading
things
.
Those
Authors
which
have
delivered
any
thing
touching
this
subject
,
do
for
the
most
part
tread
a
several
Path
:
for
having
their
Judgements
prepossessed
with
their
own
private
opinions
,
they
proceed
to
erect
and
fashion
principles
proportionable
to
them
.
Aristotle
of
old
,
and
Hieronymus
Fabricius
of
late
,
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
3.
have
written
so
accurately
concerning
the
Formation
and
Generation
of
the
Foetus
out
of
the
Egge
,
that
they
seem
to
have
left
litle
to
the
industry
of
Posterity
.
And
yet
Ulysses
Aldrovandus
hath
undertaken
Ornithol
.
l.
14.
the
description
of
the
Pullulation
or
formation
of
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
,
out
of
his
own
Observations
:
wherein
he
seems
rather
to
have
directed
and
guided
his
thoughts
by
the
Authority
of
Aristotle
,
then
his
own
Experience
.
For
Volcherus
Coiter
,
living
at
Bononia
at
the
same
time
,
did
by
the
advice
of
the
said
Aldrovandus
(
whom
he
calls
Tutor
)
dayly
employ
himself
in
the
opening
of
Egges
then
sat
upon
by
the
Hen
,
and
hath
discovered
many
things
truer
then
Aldrovandus
Nobil
.
exer.
l.
6.
himself
,
of
which
he
also
could
not
be
ignorant
.
Likewise
Aemilius
Parisanus
(
a
Venetian
Doctor
)
despising
other
mens
opinions
,
hath
fancted
A
new
procreation
of
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
.
But
because
somethings
,
(
according
to
our
experience
)
and
those
of
great
moment
and
consequence
,
are
much
otherwise
,
then
hath
been
y●●
delivered
,
I
shall
declare
to
you
what
dayly
progress
is
made
in
the
egge
,
and
what
parts
are
alt●●ed
,
especially
about
the
first
dayes
of
Incubation
at
which
time
all
things
are
most
intricate
,
confused
,
and
hard
to
observe
,
and
about
which
Authors
do
chiefly
stickle
for
their
own
observation
,
which
they
accommodate
rather
to
their
own
〈◊〉
conceived
perswasions
(
which
they
have
entertained
concerning
the
Material
and
Efficient
causes
of
the
generation
of
Animals
)
then
to
truth
her self
.
What
Aristotle
relates
concerning
the
Pr●c●●tion
of
the
Chicken
,
is
most
true
in
it selfe
;
yet
li●●
one
who
had
not
experimented
the
matters
him self
,
but
had
received
them
from
other
experienced
persons
,
he
doth
not
rightly
distinguish
them
by
their
proper
times
:
and
is
very
much
mistaken
concerning
the
place
in
which
the
first
principle
of
the
Chicken
is
cast
,
which
he
decrees
to
be
in
th●
Acute
Angle
of
the
Egge
,
and
is
therefore
justly
reprehended
by
Fabricius
.
Nor
doth
he
seem
to
have
observed
the
beginning
of
the
Pullus
in
the
egge
,
or
to
have
been
able
to
have
found
those
things
there
,
which
he
accounts
necessary
to
every
Generation
.
For
he
would
have
the
White
(
because
nothing
can
possibly
be
made
of
nothing
,
according
to
the
natural
course
)
to
be
the
Matter
constitution
the
Chicken
.
Nor
did
hee
sufficiently
apprehend
how
the
Efficient
cause
(
namely
the
Cocks
seed
)
●●
act
without
a
contact
;
or
how
the
Egge
could
of
its
own
accord
,
without
any
inherent
geniture
of
the
Male
,
ingender
the
Foetus
.
Aldrovandus
,
partaking
of
the
same
error
with
Aristotle
,
saith
moreover
,
(
which
none
but
a
blind
man
can
subscribe
to
)
that
the
Yolk
doth
in
the
first
dayes
,
arise
to
the
Acute
Angle
of
the
Egge
:
and
tinks
the
Grandines
to
be
the
Seed
of
the
Cock
;
and
that
the
Pullus
is
framed
out
of
them
,
but
nourished
as
well
by
the
Yolk
as
the
White
:
which
is
clean
contrary
to
Aristotles
opinion
,
who
conceived
the
Grandines
to
conduce
nothing
to
the
fecundity
of
the
Egge
.
Volcherus
Coiter
delivers
truer
things
,
and
more
consonant
to
Autopsie
,
yet
his
three
Globuli
are
meer
fables
.
Nor
did
he
rightly
consider
the
principle
,
from
whence
the
Foetus
is
derived
in
the
Egg.
Hieronymus
Fabricius
indeed
contends
,
that
the
Grandines
are
not
the
Seed
of
the
Cock
:
and
yet
he
●ill
have
the
body
of
the
Chicken
to
be
framed
out
of
them
.
(
as
out
of
its
first
matter
)
being
made
fruitfull
by
the
Seed
of
the
Cock
.
He
likewise
saw
the
Original
of
the
Chicken
in
the
Egge
;
namely
the
Macula
,
or
Cicatricula
annexed
to
the
membrane
of
the
Yolke
,
but
conceived
it
to
be
onely
a
Relique
of
the
stalk
broken
off
,
and
an
infirmity
or
blemish
onely
of
the
Egge
,
and
not
a
Principle
part
of
it
.
Parisanus
hath
plentifully
confuted
Fabricius
his
opinion
concerning
the
Chalazae
or
Grandines
,
and
yet
himself
is
evidently
at
a
loss
in
some
certaine
circles
and
points
of
the
Principle
parts
of
the
Foetus
(
namely
the
Liver
and
the
Heart
:
)
and
seems
to
have
observed
a
Principium
,
or
first
Principle
of
the
Foetus
,
but
not
to
have
known
which
it
was
,
●●
that
he
saith
,
That
the
Punctum
Album
in
the
Middle
of
the
Circles
is
the
Cocks
Seed
,
out
of
which
the
Chicken
is
made
.
So
that
it
comes
to
pass
,
that
while
each
of
them
desire
to
reduce
the
manner
of
the
Formation
of
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
,
to
their
own
pre-conceived
opinions
,
they
are
all
wide
from
the
mark
.
For
some
conceive
the
Seed
and
Blood
to
be
the
Matter
which
doth
constitute
the
Chicken
:
Others
conceive
the
Seed
to
be
the
Efficient
and
producing
cause
,
or
Artificer
that
builds
the
fabrick
of
it
:
wh●●
yet
upon
deliberate
consideration
it
appears
most
infallible
,
that
there
is
no
matter
at
hand
at
all
,
〈◊〉
no
menstruous
blood
,
which
the
Seed
of
the
Male
can
fall
to
work
upon
,
or
coagulate
:
(
as
Aristotle
would
have
it
)
nor
is
the
Foetus
made
of
the
Seed
of
Male
or
Female
,
or
any
commixture
of
them
both
.
The
first
Inspection
of
the
Egge
,
what
the
first
day
of
Incubation
doth
produce
in
the
Egge
.
EXERCIT.
XV.
THat
we
may
the
better
discover
what
the
first
day
of
incubation
hath
produced
in
the
Egge
we
must
first
know
what
alterations
will
befal
o●
egges
of
their
own
accord
;
by
which
a
stale
egge
is
distinguished
from
a
fresh
,
(
without
any
consideration
of
the
Hens
sitting
at
all
)
that
so
it
may
appear
,
what
is
wrought
by
the
very
incubation
it selfe
.
There
is
therefore
(
as
we
have
declared
before
)
in
all
egges
,
a
certain
cavity
or
hollow
i●
the
blunt
end
of
the
egge
;
which
cavity
as
the
egge
groweth
staler
,
increaseth
accordingly
:
especially
in
hot
Countries
and
seasons
(
by
reason
the
exhalation
of
a
thinner
part
of
the
white
:
)
we
have
spoken
in
the
History
of
the
egge
.
An●
while
that
cavity
doth
exspatiate
,
it
enlarges
mo●●
according
to
the
longitude
,
then
latitude
of
the
Egge
,
and
obtaineth
a
figure
at
last
which
doth
re●●●e
from
being
orbicular
.
The
Egg-shell
being
now
less
transparent
,
growth
cloudy
.
The
White
groweth
thicker
,
and
more
viscous
,
●ding
towards
a
duskey
or
Straw-colour
.
The
Proper
membrane
or
coat
of
the
Yolke
becometh
more
remiss
and
loose
,
shrinking
up
into
winckles
.
The
Chalazae
continue
still
the
same
place
,
site
,
and
consistence
,
at
each
end
of
the
egge
(
and
that
not
in
new-layed
egges
onely
,
but
stale
ones
;
nor
●●
those
alone
that
are
conceived
after
coition
,
but
wind-eggs
also
;
)
by
whose
firme
connexion
,
the
Yolk
and
White
are
so
fast
cemented
together
,
that
both
retain
their
proper
position
.
For
these
are
two
abiliments
mutually
opposed
,
or
the
Poles
and
●●inges
of
this
Microcosme
:
so
composed
,
as
if
they
were
onely
a
conflux
of
the
numerous
coats
of
the
White
,
and
were
wound
as
it
were
into
a
knotty
●●rd
,
at
both
ends
where
they
respect
the
yolk
.
And
hence
it
cometh
to
pass
,
that
the
yolk
is
not
easily
●●ted
from
the
company
of
the
White
,
except
the
Chalazae
be
first
divided
:
which
done
,
they
presently
dis-join
.
And
by
the
assistance
of
these
hin●es
,
the
yolk
is
both
fixed
in
the
center
,
and
preser●ed
in
its
right
consistence
.
So
that
the
chief
part
●f
all
,
namely
the
Cicatricula
,
retaineth
still
the
〈◊〉
region
or
altitude
in
the
Egge
,
and
continueth
a
middle
space
from
both
the
extremities
.
For
●is
Spot
,
or
Cicatrice
,
as
well
in
a
stale
,
as
new-laid
●gge
,
is
still
found
in
the
same
consistence
,
magnifide
,
colour
,
and
site
.
But
so
soon
as
ever
the
egge
●lineth
to
Pullulation
,
be
it
either
from
the
Incubation
of
the
Hen
,
or
the
accession
of
any
other
fo●●ing
heat
whatsoever
,
this
Spot
is
presently
dilated
,
and
widened
like
the
Ball
of
the
eye
:
and
from
it
(
as
from
the
choisest
center
of
the
egg
)
the
secret
plastick
faculty
doth
issue
out
,
and
germinate
.
And
yet
this
first
Principle
of
the
egge
was
never
yet
(
to
my
knowledge
)
observed
by
any
man
.
Now
,
at
the
second
day
of
Incubation
,
when
the
Egge
hath
grown
warm
four
and
twenty
houres
under
the
Hen
,
as
its
cavity
which
is
in
the
obtuse
angle
is
much
amplified
,
and
fallen
lower
;
so
also
doth
the
interiour
constitution
of
the
egge
vary
and
change
.
For
the
Yolk
which
before
stuck
fast
in
the
center
of
the
White
,
ariseth
towards
the
bl●●
angle
;
and
the
middle
part
of
it
,
where
the
Spot
i●
ingrafted
,
is
elevated
,
and
applyeth
it self
to
that
membrane
which
encompasseth
the
cavity
,
so
that
now
the
Yolk
seemeth
to
be
annexed
to
the
cavity
by
the
Cicatrice
.
And
as
much
as
the
Yolk
riseth
upward
,
so
much
is
the
grosser
part
of
the
White
depressed
towards
the
acute
or
lower
angle
Whence
it
appeareth
(
as
Fabricius
rightly
noted
)
that
either
Aristotle
was
in
an
errour
,
or
else
the
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
3.
there
is
a
fault
in
the
impression
,
where
it
is
said
,
About
that
time
(
namely
,
within
three
dayes
and
a
nights
)
the
yellow
humour
is
lifted
to
the
〈◊〉
there
where
the
eggs
beginning
is
,
and
where
the
egg●
is
naked
there
about
(
namely
,
at
the
dilated
cavity
.
For
Aristotle
calleth
that
the
beginning
where
the
Acute
Angle
is
,
which
parteth
last
from
the
Henn●
Ibid.
l.
3.
c.
2.
But
notwithstanding
all
this
,
it
is
an
undoubt●
truth
,
that
the
Yolke
ariseth
towards
the
Blunt
angle
of
the
egge
,
and
that
the
cavity
is
there
dilated
And
so
questionless
Aldrovandus
is
deceived
,
〈◊〉
(
though
he
speak
as
if
he
had
experimented
〈◊〉
matter
)
saith
,
that
the
Yolk
riseth
to
the
Acute
angle
.
I
confess
,
I
have
sometimes
seen
,
about
second
and
third
day
,
the
Cicatricula
dilated
,
and
a
foundation
laid
towards
the
formation
of
the
Foetus
,
when
the
yolk
as
yet
was
not
ascended
.
But
this
is
very
rare
,
and
I
conceived
it
to
happen
so
,
by
reason
of
the
imbecillity
,
and
infirmity
of
the
Egge
.
On
the
second
day
of
Incubation
,
or
first
of
Inspection
,
the
fore-said
Spot
is
dilated
to
the
magnitude
of
a
Pease
,
or
Lentil
,
and
is
divided
into
circles
,
(
as
if
they
were
drawn
by
a
pair
of
Compasses
)
which
have
a
very
small
white
Point
for
their
Center
.
It
is
very
probable
,
that
Aldrovandus
also
did
observe
this
Macula
,
or
Spot
;
for
he
saith
,
In
the
midst
of
the
yolk
there
appeared
some
kinde
of
whitish
thing
.
So
did
Coiterus
,
where
he
saith
,
The
second
day
,
there
remained
in
the
middle
of
the
yolke
a
whiter
part
.
And
Parisanus
also
,
who
saith
,
The
second
day
,
I
saw
a
white
substance
about
the
bigness
of
an
indifferent
faire
Lentile
,
and
of
that
figure
:
and
this
(
saith
he
)
is
the
Cocks
semen
,
enwrapped
in
a
white
and
most
slender
coat
,
lying
under
the
two
common
membranes
of
the
egge
,
but
above
the
proper
containing
coat
of
the
yolke
.
And
yet
I
conceive
,
that
no
man
hitherto
hath
acknowledged
,
that
this
Cicatricula
was
to
be
found
in
every
egge
,
nor
that
it
was
the
first
Principle
of
the
Egge
.
In
the
meane
while
the
Chalazae
or
seed-pearls
,
do
decline
on
each
side
from
the
two
ends
of
the
egge
,
towards
the
sides
:
and
this
proceedeth
from
the
shifted
scituation
of
the
White
and
Yolk
.
So
that
one
of
the
Chalazae
descendeth
something
from
the
obtuse
angle
,
and
the
other
ascendeth
proportionably
,
from
the
Acute
;
as
in
an
Oblique
Sphere
,
by
how
much
one
Pole
is
elevated
above
the
Horizon
,
by
so
much
is
the
other
depressed
under
it
.
And
now
the
Yolk
(
especially
about
that
part
where
the
Cicatricula
resideth
)
doth
begin
to
dissolve
and
melt
a
litle
,
and
the
proper
coat
thereof
(
which
in
staler
egges
is
remiss
,
slack
,
and
wrinckled
)
groweth
smooth
and
full
;
the
Yolk
it self
also
seemeth
to
have
regained
the
same
colour
,
consistence
,
and
inoffensive
taste
,
which
it
formerly
had
,
when
the
egge
was
new
.
And
this
is
the
first
dayes
Progress
of
the
Egge
,
towards
a
Chicken
,
and
the
first
platform
of
its
approach
.
But
Aldrovandus
addeth
,
that
there
is
as
yet
no
alteration
at
all
in
the
White
;
wherein
hee
saith
right
.
But
where
he
affirmeth
,
that
the
Semen
of
the
Cock
is
perceived
in
the
Yolk
,
he
is
apparently
in
the
wrong
.
His
Argument
by
which
he
would
maintain
the
Chalazae
to
be
Semen
Galli
,
is
exceeding
slender
,
and
that
is
,
because
egges
which
are
destitute
of
these
Chalazae
,
are
not
fruitfull
.
Hee
is
much
in
the
right
;
for
indeed
they
are
not
Eggs
without
them
.
For
in
all
eggs
,
be
they
fertile
,
or
not
fertile
,
these
Chalazae
are
inseparable
In-mates
.
But
perhaps
the
Good-wives
deceived
him
(
which
call
these
Chalazae
,
Galladura
,
in
Italian
)
and
so
betrayed
him
into
the
common
Heresie
.
Nor
is
Hieronymus
Fabricius
less
guilty
of
Imprudence
,
who
offereth
to
our
view
the
formation
of
the
Pullus
,
graven
in
several
Tables
;
contending
,
that
it
is
bodyed
,
and
constituted
out
of
these
Chalazae
;
not
so
much
as
taking
notice
,
that
the
Chalazae
are
all
this
while
both
of
them
entire
,
and
unaltered
(
having
onely
removed
their
stations
)
and
that
the
Exordium
of
the
Chicken
is
to
be
sought
a
good
distance
from
the
Chalazae
.
The
second
Inspection
of
the
Egge
.
EXERCIT.
XVI
.
WHen
two
dayes
are
now
passed
,
the
aforesaid
circles
of
the
Cicatricula
are
more
ample
,
and
conspicuous
,
being
of
the
breadth
of
the
Ring-finger
,
and
sometimes
of
the
Middle
;
wherein
the
whole
Macula
or
Spot
is
divided
into
two
(
and
sometimes
into
three
)
Regions
,
and
those
oftentimes
inammelled
,
and
obscurely
shadowed
with
several
colours
;
fully
representing
the
figure
of
an
Eye
,
and
that
not
only
by
reason
of
its
protuberance
,
like
that
in
the
Tunica
Cornea
,
or
horny
membrane
,
or
coat
of
the
Eye
;
but
magnitude
also
,
and
likewise
of
that
most
transparent
,
most
lucid
humour
contained
in
it
:
whose
Center
representeth
the
Pupilla
,
or
sight
of
the
eye
;
but
having
a
white
point
fixed
in
the
center
,
it
resembleth
the
eye
of
some
small
Bird
,
where
the
middle
of
the
Pupilla
is
blemished
and
disfigured
by
some
suffusion
,
or
Cataract
:
(
as
they
call
it
)
and
from
this
Resemblance
we
call
it
Oculum
Ovi
,
the
Eye
of
the
Egge
.
Between
these
Circles
is
contained
a
most
bright
refulgent
liquor
,
clearer
then
any
Crystalline
humour
in
the
world
;
which
if
you
look
upon
against
the
light
,
the
whole
Macula
will
now
rather
appear
in
the
White
of
the
Egge
,
then
rivited
into
the
membrane
of
the
Yolke
(
as
formerly
it
did
)
and
(
like
some
part
or
portion
of
the
White
,
dissolved
,
and
clarified
)
contained
and
bounded
within
a
most
slender
coat
belonging
to
it self
.
And
this
is
the
reason
why
I
call
this
Liquor
,
Oculum
,
the
Eye
,
or
Colliquamentum
Candidum
,
the
white
dissolved
substance
;
as
if
it
were
some
portion
of
the
white
of
the
Egge
,
melted
and
liquefied
by
the
heat
shining
in
its
own
sphere
apart
,
(
unless
it
be
scattered
and
distracted
by
concussion
)
and
seemeth
like
a
more
refined
,
and
more
concocted
,
spirituous
part
,
distinguished
from
the
courser
White
by
a
peculiar
inclosure
of
its
own
,
and
seated
and
inthroned
in
the
midst
,
between
both
Yolk
and
White
.
It
as
much
surpasseth
the
rest
of
the
White
in
clearness
,
and
transparence
,
as
the
most
Crystal
Spring
excelleth
the
troubled
Lake
.
The
Coat
encircling
this
humor
,
is
so
nice
and
fraile
,
that
(
if
you
be
not
exceeding
circumspect
)
it
will
soon
be
rent
,
and
so
disparage
the
purity
of
this
,
with
the
confusion
of
other
liquors
.
And
here
my
thoughts
were
a
long
time
strangly
divided
,
what
I
should
resolve
concerning
this
Candidum
colliquamentum
;
whether
I
should
name
it
the
Calidum
Innatum
,
or
Humidum
Radicale
,
the
Radical
Heat
,
or
Moysture
,
or
the
prepared
matter
from
which
the
future
foetus
was
to
take
its
rise
:
or
the
Aliment
exactly
concocted
,
such
as
the
Ros
is
reputed
to
be
amongst
the
secundary
humours
?
For
I
was
fully
satisfied
(
as
I
shall
declare
hereafter
)
that
in
the
midst
of
this
the
first
rudiments
of
the
Foetus
lay
,
and
that
this
also
was
its
nourishment
,
and
after
it
was
of
some
growth
,
the
place
of
its
abode
.
Hence
it
appeareth
,
that
this
Colliquamentum
is
soon
enlarged
,
(
namely
in
the
compass
of
a
day
)
as
is
evidently
deciphered
in
Fabricius
his
second
Figure
,
especially
the
inward
Region
of
it
;
which
,
while
it
dilateth
it self
,
it
obliterateth
and
quite
expungeth
the
outward
.
As
you
may
observe
in
the
Eyes
of
those
creatures
whose
fight
of
the
Eye
is
very
large
,
and
therefore
they
see
better
in
the
Night
then
in
the
Day
(
of
which
kinde
are
Owles
,
Cats
,
and
the
like
;
whose
Sight
is
most
dilated
in
the
dark
,
but
more
contracted
in
the
Light
:
)
for
if
you
transferre
such
a
creature
nimbly
from
the
light
into
the
shade
,
you
shall
perceive
plainly
how
the
the
sight
is
distended
,
so
that
it
will
much
diminish
the
other
circle
,
(
which
is
called
the
Iris
)
and
almost
quite
over-run
it
.
Parisanus
lighting
upon
these
circles
,
was
much
mistaken
;
for
he
mustereth
up
amongst
his
circles
,
a
white
one
,
a
yellow
one
,
one
of
the
complexion
of
honey
,
and
another
white
one
besides
;
asserting
the
foetus
to
be
made
of
the
middle
white
point
(
which
doth
indeed
really
appeare
in
the
midst
of
those
circles
)
which
he
fancieth
to
be
the
Semen
Galli
.
And
that
he
may
approve
himself
more
cunning
and
subtile
yet
,
Before
(
saith
he
)
there
appeareth
any
blushing
or
redness
in
the
body
of
the
Foetus
,
there
are
in
it
as
it
were
two
exceeding
small
Bullulae
or
Bubbles
;
neither
of
which
hath
any
ruddiness
at
all
at
the
first
:
and
one
of
these
Bullulae
he
would
obtrude
upon
us
for
the
Heart
,
and
the
other
for
the
Liver
.
But
the
truth
is
,
that
no
such
Bullula
is
to
be
seen
at
all
,
before
a
sanguine
ruddiness
doth
appear
;
Nor
doth
the
Foetus
look
red
at
all
at
first
;
Nor
do
any
of
those
Bullulae
give
us
any
representation
at
all
of
a
Liver
,
but
both
of
them
express
the
two
Ventricles
of
the
Heart
,
and
by
leaping
(
as
shall
be
explained
hereafter
)
do
make
mutual
returns
to
one
another
by
their
Systole
and
Diastole
.
Aristotle
seemeth
to
have
understood
this
colliquamentum
,
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
3.
where
he
saith
,
About
that
time
(
namely
the
third
day
)
there
is
a
certain
membrane
divaricated
with
certain
sanguineous
fibers
,
which
contain
a
white
liquor
,
arising
from
the
spriggs
of
those
veines
.
For
by
white
liquor
,
he
could
not
mean
the
whole
white
of
the
egge
;
because
the
coat
of
the
white
is
not
then
sprinckled
with
veins
,
but
onely
the
coat
of
this
colliquamentum
.
And
therefore
he
saith
,
There
is
a
membrane
also
,
intimating
a
distinct
membrane
from
those
of
the
Yolk
and
White
,
in
that
he
saith
it
ariseth
from
the
spriggs
of
the
veines
,
about
the
third
day
.
Coiterus
also
seemeth
to
have
acknowledged
this
colliquamentum
,
saying
,
Some
part
of
the
White
approacheth
neerer
to
whiteness
then
the
other
,
and
some
to
density
.
Now
the
aforesaid
colliquamentum
is
encompassed
with
its
proper
coat
,
and
is
distinct
and
separate
from
the
rest
of
the
White
,
before
any
part
at
all
of
the
blood
appear
.
We
shall
have
occasion
to
discourse
hereafter
of
the
mighty
use
of
this
colliquamentum
,
in
relation
to
the
foetus
of
all
kinde
of
Animals
.
For
while
they
swim
there
,
they
are
guarded
,
and
skreened
from
all
concussion
,
contusion
,
and
other
outward
injuries
,
and
are
also
nourished
by
it
.
I
saw
long
since
a
foetus
of
the
magnitude
of
a
Pease-cod
,
cut
out
of
the
Uterus
of
a
Doe
,
which
was
complete
in
all
its
members
(
so
that
it
was
apparently
a
Male
by
the
parts
:
)
I
shewed
this
pretty
Spectacle
and
Rarity
of
Nature
to
our
late
King
,
and
Queen
.
It
did
swim
,
trim
and
perfect
,
in
such
a
kinde
of
White
,
most
transparent
,
and
crystalline
moysture
(
as
if
it
had
been
treasured
up
in
some
most
clear
glassie
receptacle
)
about
the
bigness
of
a
Pigeous
egge
,
and
was
invested
with
its
proper
coat
.
The
third
Inspection
of
the
Egge
.
EXERCIT.
XVII
.
WE
have
seen
the
second
Progress
,
or
preparation
of
the
Egge
towards
the
Foetus
,
which
falleth
within
the
third
dayes
Observation
.
It
followeth
that
we
now
attend
the
third
Appearance
;
which
presenteth
it selfe
to
our
view
after
three
daies
and
as
many
nights
.
And
of
this
Aristotle
:
There
doe
begin
to
appear
Hist.
●
1.
●
.
6.
c.
3.
some
indications
of
Generation
in
Hennes
,
after
three
dayes
,
and
so
many
nights
;
(
as
suppose
upon
Munday
morning
,
in
case
that
on
the
precedent
Frydaymorning
the
Eggs
were
layed
under
the
Hen
,
then
ready
to
sit
)
and
the
declaration
of
this
Inspection
,
is
the
purpose
of
Fabricius
his
third
Figure
.
If
therefore
you
observe
on
the
fourth
day
,
you
will
meet
a
great
Metamorphosis
,
and
wonderfull
alteration
;
which
are
more
evident
,
for
almost
every
hour
all
that
day
long
:
about
which
time
the
Egg
beginneth
to
step
from
the
life
of
a
Plant
,
to
the
life
of
an
Animal
.
For
now
the
Limbus
or
hemme
of
the
colliquamentum
beginneth
to
blush
and
purple
,
being
encompassed
with
a
slender
bloody
line
:
and
in
the
center
almost
of
it
,
there
leapeth
a
capering
bloody
point
,
which
is
yet
so
exceeding
small
,
that
in
its
Diastole
,
or
Dilatation
,
it
flasheth
onely
like
the
most
obscure
and
almost
indiscernable
spark
of
fire
;
and
presently
upon
its
Systole
or
Contraction
,
it
is
too
subtile
for
the
eye
,
and
quite
disappeareth
.
So
slender
are
the
first
Rudiments
of
Creatures
lives
,
which
the
Plastical
faculty
sets
on
foot
by
so
undiscoverable
beginnings
.
If
you
are
desirous
to
make
discovery
of
this
observation
toward
the
declining
of
the
third
day
,
you
may
if
you
be
extreamly
intent
,
by
the
assistance
of
a
clear
&
great
light
,
or
by
the
Sun
beams
,
or
a
Perspective
,
make
a
shift
to
discerne
it
.
For
else
,
this
purple
streak
is
so
exceeding
nice
,
and
fine
,
and
the
motion
of
the
Punctum
saliens
is
so
imperceptible
,
that
you
will
only
loose
your
labour
.
But
,
at
the
beginning
of
the
fourth
day
it
is
evident
,
and
at
the
end
thereof
,
most
notoriously
visible
,
that
the
Punctum
sanguineum
saliens
hath
now
Animal
motion
(
saith
Aristotle
)
in
the
candid
liquor
:
(
which
I
call
colliquamentum
.
)
And
from
that
(
Point
)
two
hollow
threads
like
veines
,
full
of
blood
,
are
carried
crooked
to
the
purple
Line
,
and
the
coat
encompassing
the
colliquamentum
:
scattering
as
they
pass
along
many
fibrous
branches
through
the
whole
space
and
continent
of
the
colliquamentum
,
all
which
spring
from
the
same
Original
(
as
the
boughs
of
Trees
from
the
same
Trunke
,
)
In
the
crooked
Angle
of
this
Root
,
and
the
Middle
of
the
colliquamentum
,
the
Punctum
Rubrum
Saliens
is
enthroned
,
which
keeps
time
and
decorum
in
its
pulsation
,
compounded
of
a
Systole
,
and
Diastole
.
In
the
Diastole
,
as
if
it
did
imbibe
a
larger
proportion
of
blood
,
it
dilates
it self
,
and
leaps
;
but
connives
in
the
Systole
,
as
if
it
suffered
a
convulsion
by
the
stroke
,
and
resigned
the
blood
again
.
Fabricius
hath
described
this
Punctum
or
Point
,
in
his
third
Figure
,
and
,
(
which
is
strange
)
took
it
for
the
body
of
the
Foetus
;
as
if
either
he
had
not
observed
its
leaping
,
and
pulsation
,
or
else
had
not
understood
that
text
of
Aristotle
,
or
at
best
had
forgotten
it
.
But
that
which
is
yet
more
strange
,
is
,
that
he
should
be
nothing
mindfull
all
this
while
of
his
chalazae
,
from
which
himself
deduces
the
rudiments
of
the
chicken
.
Ulysses
Aldrovandus
,
a
Writer
in
Bouonia
,
about
Ornithol
.
l.
14.
pag.
217.
that
time
saith
,
There
appeared
in
the
White
a
litle
kinde
of
Punctum
saliens
,
or
capering
Point
,
which
is
the
same
which
Aristotle
decrees
to
be
the
Heart
.
Out
of
which
I
plainly
discovered
a
litle
Trunke
of
a
vein
to
arise
,
and
two
other
litle
branches
tending
towards
this
,
which
were
those
very
channels
of
blood
,
which
he
had
wrote
to
be
sent
forth
to
the
two
coats
encompassing
the
Yolk
and
White
.
Now
I
am
clear
of
his
Opinion
,
conceiving
those
passages
to
be
Veins
,
and
to
have
a
pulsation
,
containing
a
purer
blood
in
them
,
and
such
as
is
usefull
and
proper
for
the
generation
of
the
more
principle
parts
;
namely
,
the
Liver
,
and
the
Lungs
,
and
the
like
.
But
both
these
are
not
veines
,
nor
have
they
both
a
pulsation
;
for
one
is
an
Arterie
,
the
other
a
vein
,
as
wee
shall
hereafter
shew
:
where
we
shall
also
declare
,
that
these
Meatus
do
become
the
Umbilical
vessels
of
the
Foetus
.
Volcherus
Coiter
hath
these
words
:
The
litle
bloody
Point
,
or
Globulus
found
before
in
the
yolke
,
is
now
rather
in
the
white
,
and
evidently
pulsatile
.
Now
he
is
out
,
in
sayng
,
It
was
found
before
in
the
yolke
;
for
that
Point
which
was
in
the
yolke
was
white
;
and
did
not
leap
neither
;
nor
doth
the
bloody
point
or
Globulus
appear
to
leap
the
second
day
after
Incubation
.
But
that
Point
(
which
we
have
declared
to
be
placed
in
the
Middle
of
the
round
,
as
if
it
were
the
center
,
and
which
is
annexed
to
the
yolke
)
doth
vanish
quite
away
,
before
the
Point
,
which
Aristotle
calleth
Punctum
saliens
,
can
be
discerned
at
all
,
or
(
as
I
believe
)
becometh
red
,
and
leaping
.
For
both
these
Points
are
seated
in
the
center
of
the
colliquamentum
,
and
neer
the
root
and
original
of
the
veines
which
spring
from
thence
:
but
they
are
never
seen
together
,
but
the
Red
,
which
is
the
Punctum
saliens
,
succeeds
in
the
place
of
the
White
one
.
In
this
indeed
Volcherus
is
in
the
right
,
where
be
saith
,
The
Punctus
saliens
is
now
rather
found
in
the
White
,
then
in
the
Yolke
.
By
which
words
,
●
was
incited
to
make
diligent
search
,
whether
th●●
Punctus
albus
be
transmuted
into
the
Punctum
sanguineum
;
because
both
of
them
are
almost
of
the
same
magnitude
,
and
did
seem
scituate
in
the
same
place
.
And
sometimes
,
I
found
,
the
glistering
purple
circle
which
is
the
outermost
,
ending
about
the
vermilion
horizon
,
encompassed
by
the
Colliquamentum
;
in
whose
center
there
was
the
Punctus
albus
,
but
not
the
Ruber
,
or
Saliens
:
but
I
never
saw
those
two
Points
together
.
This
disquisition
is
of
great
moment
;
namely
,
Whether
there
be
blood
before
Pulsation
,
and
,
Whether
the
Punctus
arise
from
the
Veines
,
or
the
Veines
from
the
Punctus
?
According
to
my
observation
the
Blood
seems
to
be
before
the
Pulse
;
and
I
therefore
believe
it
,
because
,
Upon
Wednesday
about
the
Evening
,
I
put
three
egges
under
the
Henne
,
and
upon
Saturday
,
a
litle
before
the
same
time
,
I
found
these
egges
cold
,
as
being
forsaken
by
the
Henne
;
however
,
opening
one
of
them
,
I
found
the
rudiments
of
a
Chicken
;
namely
the
Purple
and
bloody
Line
in
the
circle
:
but
in
the
center
,
instead
of
the
Punctum
saliens
,
I
found
the
Punctum
album
,
which
is
bloodless
.
By
which
I
perceived
the
Henne
had
not
long
deserted
her
charge
:
whereupon
,
seizing
upon
her
by
force
,
I
penned
her
up
all
night
,
having
first
layed
the
two
former
remaining
egges
,
with
other
that
were
not
there
before
,
into
the
Nest
.
Now
for
the
success
:
The
next
morning
betimes
,
my
two
egges
were
well
recovered
;
and
I
found
in
the
center
the
Punctum
Micans
,
which
was
much
less
then
the
Punctum
Album
;
out
of
which
(
namely
the
Punctum
Album
)
a
spark
or
lightning
,
darting
as
it
were
from
a
cloud
,
appeared
in
the
Diastole
onely
:
So
that
to
my
Apprehension
,
the
Punctum
Rubrum
did
leap
out
of
the
Punctum
Album
,
at
least
that
Punctum
is
generated
in
the
Punctum
Album
,
and
〈◊〉
being
now
there
,
hath
its
Birth
,
or
at
least
its
〈◊〉
there
.
Nay
,
I
have
many
times
observed
,
The
Punctum
saliens
,
when
(
as
quite
expired
)
it
lay
deprived
of
all
motion
,
it
hath
regained
fresh
motion
and
pulsation
,
by
a
new
heat
and
cherishing
.
Therefore
in
order
of
Generation
,
I
conceive
that
the
Punctum
and
Blood
do
first
exist
,
but
the
pulsation
arriveth
not
till
afterward
.
And
this
is
most
certain
,
that
nothing
at
this
time
appears
,
besides
the
bloody
streaks
,
the
Punctum
saliens
,
and
those
Veins
which
are
all
derived
from
one
Trunk
(
as
that
Trunk
it self
from
the
Punctum
saliens
)
and
do
afterward
constitute
the
Umbilical
Vessels
:
which
being
disseminated
farre
and
wide
,
the
foetus
at
length
(
according
to
it
growth
)
doth
attract
sustenance
from
the
Yolk
and
White
.
You
may
see
a
lively
resemblance
of
these
Veins
&
their
propagations
in
the
leaves
of
Trees
,
whose
fibres
do
all
proceed
from
the
pedunculus
or
stalk
,
and
are
diffused
from
one
Trunk
through
the
whole
capacity
of
the
Leaf
.
This
whole
entire
Colliquamentum
,
distinguished
and
sprinkled
with
bloody
fibres
,
representeth
the
form
&
magnitude
of
the
two
wings
of
a
Butterflie
.
And
it
is
no
other
then
that
Membrane
which
Aristotle
The
Membrane
divaricated
with
bloody
fibres
,
containeth
then
a
white
liquor
,
springing
from
those
Meatus
of
the
Veins
.
About
the
end
of
the
fourth
,
and
beginning
of
the
fifth
day
,
being
now
enlarged
,
it
seemeth
to
be
changed
into
a
small
thin
bladder
,
containing
blood
in
it
;
which
it
ejects
at
every
contraction
,
and
recalls
again
at
every
diastole
.
Hitherto
I
could
not
discover
any
distinction
of
Vessels
:
for
the
Arteries
do
not
yet
differ
from
veines
,
either
in
coat
,
or
Pulsation
:
and
therefore
I
call
the
vessels
indifferently
veines
,
or
with
Aristotle
,
Meatus
Venales
,
Veinal
Passages
,
or
Channels
.
This
Punctum
(
saith
Aristotle
)
now
bestirres
it self
like
an
Animal
;
for
Motion
and
Sense
distinguish
an
Animal
from
a
non
Animal
.
Since
therefore
this
Punctum
begins
now
first
to
move
,
wee
may
justly
say
it
hath
put
on
the
nature
of
an
Animal
:
and
that
the
Egge
which
was
before
endowed
with
a
vegetative
soule
,
is
now
over
and
above
that
,
furnished
with
a
Motive
and
sensation
power
;
and
is
raised
from
a
Plant
to
an
Animal
and
that
at
the
same
time
the
soule
of
the
Foetus
is
gone
in
,
which
first
formes
the
chicken
ou●
of
the
Egge
,
and
afterward
informs
that
chicken
.
For
Aristotle
demonstratively
resolves
of
the
Operations
actually
are
.
)
And
I
am
confirmed
by
many
proofs
and
experiments
,
that
not
motion
onely
is
now
the
companion
of
the
Punctum
saliens
,
but
also
Sense
it self
For
upon
every
touch
,
be
it
never
so
gentle
,
it
is
variously
provoked
,
and
disturbed
,
(
at
the
same
rate
as
sensative
bodies
proclaime
their
distastes
by
particular
motions
)
and
so
offended
with
repe●●●
injuries
,
that
they
did
confound
the
chime
and
order
of
its
pulses
.
So
in
the
Plant
,
called
the
sensative
Plant
,
and
other
Zoophyta
,
we
conclude
there
is
sense
;
because
upon
touch
they
contract
themselves
,
and
take
it
unkindly
.
I
have
,
I
say
,
often
seen
,
and
so
have
many
more
who
have
been
present
,
this
Punctum
,
upon
contaction
by
a
needle
,
probe
,
or
the
finger
it self
,
nay
upon
the
admission
of
a
more
searching
heat
or
cold
,
or
any
other
thing
that
could
molest
,
and
disorder
,
declare
many
symptoms
of
its
resentment
;
for
it
would
flie
into
many
permutations
of
pulse
,
beating
much
stronger
,
and
nimble
then
before
.
So
that
,
no
question
,
this
Punctum
doth
(
as
an
Animal
)
Live
,
Move
,
and
Perceive
.
Moreover
,
expose
an
egge
too
long
to
the
colder
aire
,
and
the
Punctum
saliens
beats
slower
,
and
hath
a
languishing
motion
;
but
lay
your
finger
warm
upon
it
,
or
cherish
it
kindely
any
other
way
,
and
it
presently
gaineth
strength
and
vigour
.
And
after
this
Punctum
hath
declined
by
degrees
,
and
being
full
of
blood
hath
ceased
from
all
motion
,
exhibiting
no
specimen
of
life
at
all
,
and
was
given
up
for
lost
,
and
dead
,
upon
laying
of
my
finger
warm
upon
it
,
for
the
space
of
only
twenty
pulses
,
the
poor
heart
hath
awaked
,
and
recovered
again
,
and
as
it
were
rescued
from
the
grave
,
proceeds
to
its
former
harmony
afresh
.
And
this
hath
been
done
again
and
again
by
me
,
and
others
,
by
any
other
reviving
heat
,
were
it
of
the
Fire
,
or
warm
Water
:
as
if
it
were
in
our
dispose
to
condemne
the
litle
Soule
to
the
Shades
,
or
repreive
it
to
life
,
at
pleasure
.
What
we
have
here
delivered
,
doth
for
the
most
part
come
to
pass
the
fourth
day
from
the
first
Incubation
,
or
at
the
Third
Inspection
.
I
say
,
for
the
most
part
;
for
it
falls
not
out
perpetually
so
,
because
there
is
a
great
diversity
in
the
maturity
of
Egges
,
and
some
come
to
perfection
sooner
then
their
fellows
.
As
is
usually
in
the
fruits
of
any
Tree
,
whereof
some
are
ripe
,
and
ready
to
fall
of
themselves
:
whilest
others
are
crude
and
greener
,
and
cannot
be
shaken
from
the
Boughs
.
So
that
some
Egges
are
lesse
forward
the
fifth
day
,
then
others
the
third
.
And
(
that
I
may
instance
in
what
I
have
found
and
tryed
)
I
have
found
this
true
in
very
many
egges
,
whom
the
Hen
hath
fostered
the
same
length
of
time
,
and
I
have
opened
them
all
the
same
day
.
So
that
I
have
had
no
cause
to
quarrel
against
the
weaker
Sex
,
the
distemper
of
the
Aire
,
the
neglect
of
the
Henne
,
or
any
other
Accident
;
but
onely
the
innate
weaknesse
of
the
Egge
;
and
the
penury
of
the
ingenit
Heat
.
Ova
Hypenemia
,
or
Addle
Egges
,
do
at
this
time
(
as
in
a
critical
day
)
begin
to
alter
and
discover
their
genius
:
For
as
fruitful
Egges
,
by
the
innate
plastick
vertue
do
alter
and
resolve
into
a
Colliquamentum
(
which
doth
after
shift
into
bloud
)
so
Subventaneous
Eggs
,
at
the
same
time
,
begin
to
corrupt
,
and
putrifie
.
And
yet
I
have
sometimes
observed
the
Macula
or
Cicatricula
to
be
distended
wider
even
in
barren
egges
;
but
it
never
rose
up
to
the
top
,
nor
was
ever
circumscribed
by
the
circles
orderly
drawn
about
it
.
I
have
also
sometimes
seen
the
Yolk
grow
clear
,
and
liquifie
,
and
the
parts
congealed
,
as
it
were
,
by
rash
,
inconsiderate
coagulation
,
float
up
and
down
like
scattered
clouds
.
And
though
these
Egges
cannot
yet
be
called
corrupt
,
putrid
,
and
unsavory
;
yet
they
are
very
much
prepared
towards
putrefaction
,
and
do
compleatly
arrive
thither
,
by
the
continuation
of
the
warmth
of
the
Sitting-Henne
,
and
set
out
their
progresse
towards
corruption
,
from
the
very
place
and
stage
,
whence
prolifical
Eggs
advance
to
Generation
.
The
Perfecter
sort
of
Egges
therefore
do
now
about
the
declension
of
the
fourth
day
,
acquire
a
twofold
,
or
bipartite
Vesicula
pulsans
,
or
vesicle
of
pulsation
,
one
making
answer
and
replies
,
to
the
other
by
a
double
pulsation
,
in
that
Order
and
Method
,
that
whilest
one
is
contracted
,
the
other
shines
and
swells
with
blood
;
which
presently
being
contracted
,
dischargeth
it self
of
the
blood
that
was
in
it
;
and
in
a
moments
time
intervening
,
the
former
swells
and
returns
the
Pulse
,
so
that
you
may
evidently
see
,
that
the
action
of
these
vesicles
is
Contraction
;
by
which
the
Blood
is
driven
,
and
pumped
into
the
vessels
.
The
fourth
day
,
(
saith
Aldrovandus
)
the
two
Puncta
were
discovered
,
and
each
of
them
did
move
:
which
two
points
were
without
doubt
the
Heart
and
the
Liver
;
which
Viscera
Aristotle
saith
are
seen
in
the
Egges
after
three
days
Incubation
.
But
Aristotle
never
said
so
,
nor
are
those
viscera
usually
to
be
seen
before
the
tenth
day
.
And
I
wonder
Aldrovandus
could
think
one
of
these
Puncta
Pulsantia
was
the
Liver
:
as
if
the
Liver
ever
had
any
such
motion
.
It
is
safer
to
believe
that
one
of
the
Puncta
salientia
(
when
the
Foetus
enlargeth
)
doth
constitute
the
Auriculae
or
deaf
Ears
,
and
the
other
the
Ventriculi
,
or
Ventricles
of
the
Heart
.
For
in
grown
bodies
,
the
Ventricles
of
the
Heart
are
after
this
manner
filled
,
and
supplied
by
the
Auriculae
,
which
by
their
Systole
,
are
depleated
and
emptied
againe
:
as
we
have
observed
in
our
Tract
,
de
Motu
cordis
&
sanguinis
.
In
better
grown
egges
,
sometimes
about
the
declining
of
the
fourth
day
,
I
know
not
what
cloudy
substance
did
obscure
these
Vesiculae
Pulsantes
,
and
did
(
like
an
interposed
shade
)
obstruct
my
Inspection
,
that
I
could
not
so
clearly
discerne
the
Puncta
salientia
.
Yet
by
the
help
of
a
clearer
light
,
and
with
a
Perspective
,
and
conferring
with
my
observations
for
the
subsequent
days
:
it
appeared
to
be
the
Rudiment
of
the
foetus
,
or
a
Cloud
exhaled
from
the
Colliquamentum
,
or
an
Effluvium
congealing
about
the
beginning
of
the
veines
:
as
shall
more
at
large
be
treated
of
in
the
fifth
days
observation
.
Aldrovandus
also
seems
to
have
observed
it
:
The
fifth
day
,
(
saith
he
)
that
Punctum
which
we
called
the
Heart
,
did
no
longer
appear
to
move
outwardly
,
but
seemed
rather
to
be
covered
,
and
concealed
;
and
the
two
Meatus
Venosi
were
seen
more
conspicuous
,
but
one
larger
then
the
other
.
But
the
Learned
Aldrovandus
is
deceived
,
for
this
Tutelar
deity
taketh
possession
,
and
locks
himself
up
in
most
reserved
and
secret
recesses
(
when
the
habitation
is
almost
compleatly
erected
)
a
long
time
after
.
And
he
likewise
mistakes
,
where
he
saith
,
that
by
the
innate
vertue
of
the
veins
,
the
remaining
portion
of
the
white
is
turned
into
a
kind
of
straw-coloured
substance
.
For
that
complexion
is
in
the
the
thicker
white
,
of
all
egges
that
are
stale
,
and
is
daily
increased
in
them
,
(
namely
,
according
as
the
Egge
groweth
Staler
,
as
is
said
)
and
that
without
any
assistance
of
veins
,
by
reason
of
the
thinner
substance
exhaling
.
But
the
Foetus
growing
bigger
,
(
as
we
shall
declare
in
its
place
)
and
the
circles
of
the
branches
of
the
veins
being
disseminated
up
and
down
,
part
of
both
the
juyces
are
dissolved
,
not
(
as
Aldrovandus
would
have
it
)
by
an
innate
vertue
of
the
veins
,
but
by
the
heat
of
the
blood
inhabiting
there
.
For
into
what
part
soever
of
the
moisturer
the
foresaid
veins
extend
their
Territories
,
there
presently
appears
a
colliquation
or
resolution
in
the
bordering
parts
;
and
therefore
the
Yolk
at
that
time
seems
double
,
because
its
superior
part
(
which
is
joined
to
the
cavity
above
,
about
the
obtuse
angle
)
being
more
mollified
,
and
dissolved
then
the
rest
of
the
Yolk
,
appears
like
melted
Wax
,
compared
to
the
other
cold
,
compacted
part
.
And
upon
that
score
(
as
all
melted
things
do
)
it
obtaineth
a
larger
roome
.
And
that
Upper
part
,
liquefied
by
the
genital
warmth
is
disterminated
from
the
other
liquors
(
and
especially
from
the
White
)
by
a
peculiar
most
thin
coat
of
its
own
.
Whence
it
happens
,
that
a
breach
being
made
upon
this
slender
,
frail
,
and
invisible
membrane
,
there
presently
follows
a
confusion
and
mixture
of
the
Yolk
and
White
,
which
disturbs
the
whole
frame
.
And
it
is
many
times
a
cause
to
frustrate
and
void
Generation
(
when
those
liquors
become
to
be
of
a
diverse
,
nay
of
a
contrary
nature
)
according
to
that
Text
in
Aristotle
,
de
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
2.
so
often
cited
.
Egges
are
depraved
and
made
addle
most
in
hot
weather
,
and
that
upon
good
reason
.
For
as
Wines
grow
sower
in
hotter
weather
,
the
dregs
being
subverted
(
for
that
is
the
cause
of
their
depravation
)
so
Egges
are
destroyed
,
their
Yolk
being
corrupted
:
for
these
are
the
more
terrene
and
earthy
parts
in
both
.
So
that
Wine
is
disturbed
by
a
commixture
of
the
dregs
,
and
the
Egges
by
diffusion
of
the
Yolk
.
And
hither
you
may
justly
reduce
that
of
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
2.
him
too
,
where
he
saith
,
Egges
that
are
under
the
Henne
in
tempestuous
thunders
,
are
corrupted
.
For
the
exceeding
smal
membrane
is
by
so
great
a
noise
quickly
torne
asunder
.
And
therefore
perhaps
,
confused
and
putrid
Egges
,
are
called
Ova
Cynosura
,
because
(
as
we
have
observed
)
it
thunders
that
most
men
deeme
the
Summer-Solstice
to
be
inconvenient
for
hatching
of
chickens
.
This
is
most
certain
,
that
Egges
suffer
quassation
,
concussion
,
and
dissolution
very
easily
,
if
any
man
disturb
them
while
the
Hen
is
Sitting
,
because
at
that
time
the
liquors
in
them
are
liquefied
,
and
swell
,
and
the
membranes
embracing
them
are
dilated
,
and
grow
tender
.
The
fourth
Inspection
of
the
Egge
.
EXERCIT.
XVIII
.
THE
fifth
day
of
Incubation
,
is
discerned
first
(
saith
Aristotle
)
the
body
of
the
Pullus
,
being
very
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
3.
small
,
and
white
,
wherein
the
head
is
conspicum
and
in
it
the
eyes
much
turgent
,
which
continue
so
a
long
time
,
for
it
is
long
ere
they
abate
,
and
connive
.
But
in
the
lower
part
of
the
body
,
there
is
no
part
●●
first
extant
,
correspondent
to
the
upper
.
But
th●s●
Branches
which
shoot
out
from
the
Heart
,
one
tending
to
the
ambient
membrane
,
the
other
to
the
Yolk
,
do
supp●●
the
office
of
the
Navel
.
The
original
of
the
Chicken
therefore
from
the
White
,
but
its
nourishment
from
the
Yolk
by
the
Navel
.
By
which
words
Aristotle
seems
to
distrib●●●
the
whole
Generation
of
the
Pullus
into
three
class●●
or
orders
,
namely
from
the
first
day
of
Incubation
to
the
fifth
:
and
thence
,
on
to
the
tenth
or
fourteenth
and
so
on
to
the
twentieth
.
As
if
he
had
o●●
recorded
those
things
in
his
History
,
which
he
●
covered
at
these
three
Inspections
.
The
great
changes
in
the
Egge
do
indeed
happen
at
these
times
:
as
if
by
these
Decretory
days
,
as
by
three
distinct
degrees
,
the
progresse
of
the
perfect
Egge
,
to
the
utmost
exclusion
of
the
Chicken
,
were
distinguished
.
For
the
fourth
day
the
first
particle
of
the
Foetus
,
namely
the
Punctum
saliens
,
and
the
Blood
appear
;
and
after
that
the
Foetus
is
corporated
.
The
Seventh
,
the
Chicken
is
distinguished
into
parts
,
and
beginnes
to
move
.
The
tenth
it
beginnes
to
be
down-feathered
;
about
the
twentieth
,
it
breathes
,
and
cryes
according
to
its
kind
,
and
seeks
to
make
its
escape
.
The
Life
which
it
obtains
about
the
fourth
day
,
seems
to
emulate
that
of
Plants
,
and
is
to
be
esteemed
onely
a
vegitative
animation
.
But
from
that
to
the
tenth
,
it
enjoyes
a
sensative
and
moving
soul
as
Animals
do
:
and
after
that
,
it
is
compleated
by
degrees
,
and
being
adorned
with
Pl●●es
,
Bill
,
Clawes
,
and
other
furniture
,
it
hastens
to
get
out
,
that
being
at
length
emancipated
,
it
may
be
unconfined
and
free
.
Aristotle
therefore
enumerates
amongst
those
things
which
befall
after
the
fourth
day
,
chiefly
three
;
that
is
to
say
,
the
fabrick
of
the
body
,
the
branchings
of
the
veines
,
which
now
supply
the
Nature
and
Office
of
the
Navel
:
and
the
matter
or
substance
whence
the
Foetus
doth
first
spring
,
and
is
constituted
,
and
nourished
.
Concerning
the
Fabrick
of
the
Body
,
he
relates
four
things
,
first
,
what
magnitude
it
is
of
;
secondly
,
what
complexion
;
thirdly
,
what
parts
are
most
conspicuous
,
(
namely
the
Head
,
and
Eyes
)
and
lastly
,
what
distinction
or
difference
there
is
between
the
Parts
.
Truth
is
,
the
Body
is
exceeding
small
,
resembling
in
form
that
common
worm
or
Maggot
,
out
of
which
the
Flie
is
bred
;
it
is
also
white
of
colour
,
like
that
little
Worm
,
which
the
Flie
depositeth
in
putrified
flesh
.
to
be
cherished
,
and
bred
up
;
and
he
elegantly
addes
,
that
it
is
most
notorious
from
its
Head
and
Eyes
.
For
that
which
first
appears
,
is
a
similar
and
indistinct
Body
,
as
if
it
were
some
concrete
and
congealed
substance
of
the
colliquamentum
it self
(
like
that
Gelly
which
is
made
of
the
decoction
of
Harts-horn
)
being
like
a
transparent
cloud
,
which
were
hardly
distinguishable
,
were
it
not
divided
as
it
were
into
two
parts
;
whereof
the
one
lies
in
a
heap
together
;
and
is
much
larger
then
the
other
,
being
the
Rudimens
of
the
Head
;
which
is
first
discerned
on
the
fifth
day
:
in
which
the
Eyes
are
anon
manifestly
distinguished
;
which
at
first
are
the
biggest
of
all
,
much
puffed
up
,
and
prominent
,
and
are
discriminated
both
from
the
rest
of
the
Head
,
and
the
whole
Body
besides
,
by
a
certain
blackness
cast
round
about
them
.
Any
one
of
these
,
is
larger
then
the
whole
Head
;
as
also
,
the
Head
alone
exceeds
all
there
of
the
Body
in
magnitude
.
This
Whiteness
of
the
Body
,
endureth
a
while
,
as
also
,
the
tumor
of
the
Eyes
:
(
which
are
filled
also
with
a
most
clear
moisture
or
water
within
,
but
are
dark
and
blackish
without
,
as
it
is
also
with
the
Brain
)
that
is
to
say
,
to
the
tenth
day
,
and
more
:
for
(
saith
Aristotle
)
It
is
late
ere
they
diminish
,
and
contract
to
their
allotted
proportion
.
Nay
,
according
to
my
observation
,
the
Eyes
of
Birds
do
never
reduce
themselves
to
the
Proportion
,
which
is
allotted
as
the
standard
between
the
Eyes
,
and
the
Head
of
a
Viviparous
Animal
.
For
if
you
lay
aside
the
Skin
,
which
covereth
the
Eyes
of
a
Henne
,
or
any
other
Bird
,
either
of
them
alone
will
soon
countervail
the
whole
bulk
of
the
Braine
:
In
a
Woodcock
and
the
like
,
any
one
of
the
Eyes
is
bigger
then
all
the
Head
besides
,
(
bateing
onely
the
Bill
)
but
it
is
common
to
all
Birds
whatsoever
to
have
the
Orbita
,
or
cavity
which
containes
the
Eyes
to
exceed
the
Braine
it selfe
,
as
you
may
see
in
their
cranium
,
or
Scull
.
But
yet
it
falls
out
that
their
Eyes
seem
lesser
,
because
they
are
all
(
except
the
Sight
or
Apple
onely
)
shrouded
with
Skin
and
Plumes
;
nor
are
they
of
an
Orbicular
Figure
(
which
might
occasion
their
prominence
or
standing
out
)
but
of
a
Depressed
,
as
Fishes
eyes
are
.
In
the
lower
part
of
the
Body
(
saith
Aristotle
)
there
is
no
part
extant
at
first
,
which
is
correspondent
to
the
Superior
:
And
so
indeed
it
is
:
The
Body
at
first
were
scarce
discernable
,
were
it
not
for
the
Eyes
and
the
Head
;
so
that
downwards
,
it
is
not
distinguished
by
any
members
at
all
,
whether
Wings
,
Feet
,
Breast-bone
,
Rump
,
or
any
Viscus
:
nor
indeed
is
it
graced
with
any
Shape
of
a
Body
:
but
as
far
as
I
could
discover
,
it
is
onely
a
Litle
Substance
,
next
adjacent
to
the
small
veine
,
like
the
carina
or
keele
of
an
imaginable
small
Ship
wound
up
together
,
and
like
a
Maggot
or
Worme
,
without
any
platform
of
Ribbes
,
Legs
,
or
Wings
:
to
which
is
fastned
a
litle
round
body
,
which
is
the
rudiment
of
the
Head
,
which
is
more
discernable
th●n
it
,
and
divided
into
three
Bubbles
,
(
on
which
fid:
soever
you
make
your
Inspection
:
)
But
it
is
indeed
divided
into
four
,
whereof
two
are
largest
,
and
blackish
,
being
the
rudiments
of
the
Eyes
;
the
third
of
the
Braine
;
and
the
fourth
of
the
cerebellum
,
or
After-Braine
.
All
these
are
full
of
exceeding
clear
Water
,
but
in
the
middle
of
the
Blackness
of
the
eyes
,
is
the
Apple
or
Ball
of
the
Eye
(
as
in
the
Center
)
shining
like
a
transparent
Spark
or
Crystal
.
Hence
I
suppose
,
the
Tres
Bullae
,
the
three
Bubbles
which
are
onely
conspicuous
,
have
imposed
upon
those
,
who
have
not
througly
observed
the
thing
.
For
having
learnt
,
according
to
the
old
doctrine
of
the
Schooles
,
that
there
were
three
Principalities
in
the
Animal
Body
,
and
three
Principal
Parts
;
(
namely
,
the
Braine
,
the
Heart
,
and
the
Liver
)
executing
the
chief
Functions
:
They
soon
induced
themselves
to
believe
,
that
these
Three
Bullae
were
the
platformes
,
and
ground-works
of
these
three
parts
.
But
Coiterus
,
as
becomes
a
skilful
Anatomist
,
affirms
much
truer
,
that
he
saw
,
on
the
Seventh
day
after
Incubation
,
the
Bill
,
and
the
Eyes
,
but
could
discover
none
of
the
Viscera
.
But
to
Aristotle
againe
.
Those
Branches
,
which
proceed
from
the
Heart
,
one
of
them
tendeth
to
the
circumambient
membrane
,
the
other
to
the
Yolk
,
supplying
the
office
of
a
Navel
.
The
Foetus
being
now
bodied
,
those
veines
do
execute
the
office
of
a
Navel
:
and
one
of
their
branches
,
or
propagations
is
disseminated
into
the
outward
coat
,
which
embraceth
the
White
;
but
the
sprouts
of
the
other
go
directly
to
the
coat
of
the
Yolk
,
and
are
disseminated
through
its
juyce
or
liquor
.
By
which
it
is
plaine
and
evident
,
that
both
the
Liquors
are
dedicated
to
the
nourishment
of
the
Foetus
.
And
though
Aristotle
say
,
that
the
Original
of
the
chicken
is
from
the
White
,
and
its
nourishment
from
the
Yolk
by
the
Navel
:
Yet
he
doth
not
say
that
the
chicken
is
made
of
the
White
;
for
the
Foetus
is
made
of
that
white
Liquor
which
we
call
the
colliquamentum
:
and
all
that
which
we
call
Oculum
Ovi
,
the
Eye
of
the
Egge
,
is
contained
in
the
White
.
Nor
doth
he
say
that
the
sustenance
of
the
Chicken
is
onely
from
the
Yolk
by
the
Navel
:
but
I
shall
interpret
his
words
(
according
to
my
one
Observations
)
thus
:
Though
the
Pullus
assume
its
original
in
the
White
,
yet
it
is
not
fed
by
the
White
onely
,
but
by
the
Yolk
also
(
to
which
one
of
the
Sprigs
of
the
Umbilical
veines
doth
extend
)
nay
chiefly
by
the
Yolk
;
for
the
White
(
according
to
Aristotle
)
is
the
more
concocted
,
and
purer
liquor
of
the
egge
,
but
the
Yolk
the
more
terrene
,
and
solid
,
and
therefore
more
congruous
to
the
Chicken
,
when
he
is
growne
stronger
:
and
therefore
(
as
shall
be
said
hereafter
)
it
supplies
the
place
of
Milk
,
and
is
that
which
is
last
consumed
;
for
the
remainder
of
it
(
after
the
Chichen
is
hatched
,
and
walkes
abroad
with
the
Henne
)
it
yet
contained
in
its
Belly
.
What
I
have
hitherto
spoken
,
cometh
to
passe
,
from
the
fourth
day
to
the
seventh
.
But
When
,
How
,
and
in
what
Order
,
all
the
Particulars
are
framed
,
I
shall
now
explaine
.
The
Next
Appearance
,
which
presents
it selfe
the
fifth
day
,
about
the
short
veine
drawn
from
the
Angle
(
where
the
two
points
leaping
in
course
are
seated
)
there
appears
a
grosser
,
and
whiter
substance
,
like
a
little
cloud
,
(
which
yet
is
transparent
)
through
which
the
foresaid
veine
doth
obscurely
,
and
as
through
a
cloud
,
cast
a
glimpse
of
it self
.
I
have
seen
the
same
sometimes
,
in
well
grown
eggs
,
upon
the
fourth
day
.
But
this
is
the
Rudiment
of
the
Body
,
which
now
every
hour
groweth
more
close
,
and
compact
,
and
doth
encompasse
the
foresaid
veine
,
and
also
is
annexed
to
it
,
like
a
litle
globous
body
.
That
globous
Rudiment
doth
much
exceed
the
Keele
(
as
I
may
call
it
)
of
this
little
Worm
,
in
magnitude
:
and
it
is
of
a
triangular
figure
,
that
is
to
say
,
(
like
the
small
sprout
of
a
knotted
shrubbe
)
obscurely
divided
into
three
pieces
:
Whereof
one
is
Orbicular
,
and
larger
then
the
other
two
,
and
looks
black
,
by
reason
of
some
most
slender
fibres
,
which
are
drawn
from
the
Circumference
towards
the
Center
:
resembling
the
platform
of
the
Septum
Ciliare
,
and
therefore
it
implyes
,
that
this
particle
is
transformed
into
the
Eye
.
In
the
midsts
of
this
,
is
a
very
little
Pupilla
or
Eye-Ball
,
appearing
like
a
most
bright
point
:
(
as
we
have
said
)
and
upon
that
ground
I
raised
my
conjecture
,
that
this
entire
litle
round
body
,
was
designed
for
the
Rudiment
of
the
Head
:
and
that
that
black
circle
was
to
be
one
of
the
Eyes
,
to
which
the
other
standeth
opposite
on
the
other
side
:
for
they
are
so
seated
,
that
you
cannot
discerne
them
both
at
once
,
because
the
uppermost
covereth
and
hideth
the
lower
.
This
first
Rudiment
of
the
Body
,
which
we
affirm
to
grow
about
the
veine
,
(
hath
obtained
an
oblong
,
and
something
an
embowed
figure
,
(
like
the
Keel
of
a
Ship
;
it
is
of
a
mucous
consistence
,
like
the
film
or
hoariness
which
is
contracted
by
moist
things
,
when
they
are
pent
up
in
a
close
place
.
But
the
small
veine
to
which
this
hoary
substance
doth
accrew
,
is
the
descending
Vena
Cava
,
passing
along
the
Spine
of
the
Back
:
as
my
subsequent
observations
have
cleared
.
If
you
diligently
mind
the
order
of
the
pulsation
of
the
two
vesicles
,
you
shall
discerne
the
blood
driven
by
the
Systole
of
that
which
was
last
contracted
into
the
beginning
of
this
veine
,
and
this
vein
distended
by
it
.
So
that
there
are
two
manifest
Contractions
and
Dilatations
of
the
two
vesicles
which
cause
a
motion
and
pulse
in
one
another
:
and
the
preceding
Contraction
of
the
one
,
creates
the
Distention
of
the
other
:
for
the
blood
being
darted
into
the
second
vesicle
,
by
the
Contraction
of
the
cavity
of
the
first
,
causeth
an
impletion
,
distention
,
and
pulsation
in
it
:
which
by
and
by
contracting
it self
,
disgorgeth
the
blood
(
which
it
now
received
from
the
former
vesicle
)
into
the
beginning
of
the
foresaid
veine
,
and
so
dilateth
that
.
I
call
it
yet
a
vein
,
though
by
its
pulse
I
conceive
it
to
be
the
Artery
,
called
Aorta
;
for
the
Arteries
are
not
yet
distinguished
from
the
veines
by
the
thickness
of
their
coats
.
Having
often
observed
these
things
with
much
caution
and
circumspection
in
several
eggs
,
I
stood
a
while
in
suspense
,
what
opinion
I
should
entertain
of
them
.
As
,
whether
I
should
conclude
this
concrete
,
and
annexed
globous
body
were
made
of
the
Colliquamentum
,
(
in
which
it
swam
)
as
out
of
a
compacted
and
coagulated
substance
;
as
Clouds
are
formed
out
of
vapours
in
the
upper
Region
of
the
Air
(
which
vapors
were
never
discovered
to
ascend
:
)
Or
else
out
of
some
Effluvium
or
exhalation
of
blood
transpiring
,
or
some
Transudation
,
weeping
by
a
kinde
of
diapedesis
,
from
the
vein
.
For
the
first
Rudiments
even
of
the
greatest
things
,
are
exceeding
small
,
and
so
very
obscure
,
because
very
litle
.
This
,
I
presume
,
I
am
assured
of
,
viz.
that
the
Puncta
salientia
,
the
Branchings
of
the
veins
,
&
the
Vena
cava
it self
are
first
existent
,
&
that
afterwards
this
corpulency
or
bulke
is
joyned
to
them
.
And
I
am
also
most
certain
,
that
the
Blood
is
driven
into
this
Vein
out
of
the
Punctum
saliens
,
and
that
by
this
Vein
that
litle
bulke
or
body
is
fed
.
For
that
first
hoariness
or
Mucus
is
first
of
all
made
by
an
Effluvium
of
the
Vein
,
(
to
which
it
grows
)
and
from
it
afterward
draweth
its
nourishment
and
encrease
:
As
filme
and
hoariness
doth
in
other
moist
places
grow
between
the
chincks
of
walls
,
which
lie
long
unswept
;
as
Camphyre
upon
Cedar-planks
,
and
Moss
upon
Stones
,
and
Barks
of
Trees
;
or
lastly
,
as
a
kinde
of
downe
is
bred
upon
some
kinde
of
Wormes
.
I
did
also
doubt
at
the
same
time
,
whether
this
Rudiment
of
the
Head
and
Body
had
its
existence
so
soon
,
as
the
coagulation
of
the
Colliquamentum
,
together
with
the
Blood
,
and
Punctum
saliens
had
theirs
,
but
was
then
imperciptible
by
reason
of
its
thinness
,
and
clearness
of
substance
;
till
congealing
into
a
grosser
film
,
it
put
on
a
more
solid
,
compacted
whiteness
,
by
which
it
might
be
discerned
:
while
yet
the
Blood
which
is
thicker
and
shining
might
be
well
perceived
in
the
Colliquamentum
which
is
so
diaphanous
.
But
whilest
I
consider
the
matter
more
narrowly
,
I
am
fully
satisfied
,
that
the
Blood
hath
a
being
,
before
any
other
part
of
the
body
besides
,
and
is
the
elder
brother
to
all
other
parts
of
the
foetus
;
and
that
from
it
,
both
the
matter
out
of
which
the
foetus
is
constituted
,
as
also
the
aliment
by
which
it
is
supplied
,
is
desumed
,
and
is
(
if
any
thing
be
)
the
first
genital
particle
.
But
how
I
am
induced
to
this
perswasion
,
shall
be
afterwards
copiously
recited
,
when
we
discourse
concerning
the
primitive
fructifying
Part
,
the
Innate
Heat
,
and
Radical
Moisture
;
and
when
also
wee
shall
resolve
what
is
to
be
thought
concerning
the
soule
,
out
of
many
Observations
conferred
together
.
About
this
time
,
almost
every
hour
,
all
things
appear
larger
and
clearer
,
and
more
distinct
,
and
unfolded
;
and
now
there
comes
a
nimble
Alteration
in
the
Egge
,
and
many
things
appear
one
upon
the
neck
of
another
.
The
Cavity
of
the
Egge
is
now
much
larger
,
and
layeth
the
upper
part
of
it
all
void
and
empty
,
as
if
a
fifth
part
of
the
Egge
were
vanished
.
The
litle
branches
of
the
Veins
are
farther
spread
out
,
and
grow
more
numerous
in
their
distributions
,
not
onely
into
the
Colliquamentum
,
(
as
before
)
but
up
and
down
both
into
Yolke
and
White
,
&
both
those
liquors
are
chequered
over
with
fibers
.
The
upper
part
of
the
Yolke
is
much
dissolved
and
melted
,
as
if
it
were
a
distinct
thing
from
the
inferiour
,
and
that
the
yolke
were
now
become
two
;
the
superiour
shining
like
melted
wax
,
swelled
,
and
bright
;
and
the
inferiour
and
earthier
,
together
with
the
duller
part
of
the
White
,
being
depressed
to
the
acute
angle
.
And
the
proper
coat
of
the
superiour
part
of
the
yolke
is
now
so
thinne
,
that
the
least
concussion
breaks
it
;
upon
which
ensues
a
confusion
of
liquors
,
and
an
utter
frustration
of
generation
.
And
now
is
the
first
Rudiment
of
the
Foetus
to
be
clearly
seen
(
as
you
may
perceive
it
in
Fabricius
his
fifth
and
sixth
Tables
;
)
which
being
put
into
a
bason
of
clear
water
,
will
plainly
discover
,
what
parts
of
the
body
are
already
framed
,
and
what
are
yet
wanting
and
behinde
.
For
there
appears
the
form
of
a
small
Worm
or
Magot
,
as
we
see
the
rudiments
of
Wormes
and
Flies
in
the
boughs
of
Trees
,
in
the
knots
of
the
Bark
,
in
Fruits
,
Flowers
,
and
other
things
;
but
especially
in
Oak
apples
,
in
whose
center
,
within
a
small
round
Shell
or
Kernel
,
is
contained
a
clear
liquor
,
which
thickning
and
coagulating
by
degrees
,
is
interlaced
with
most
slender
fibres
,
and
represents
the
shape
of
a
Magot
,
but
continues
a
while
immoveable
,
till
at
length
endued
with
sense
and
motion
,
it
becomes
an
animal
,
and
departs
a
Flie.
Aristotle
describes
a
Generation
like
this
,
in
Hist.
an
.
l.
5.
c.
19
those
things
that
are
called
Sponte
nascentia
.
Some
creatures
are
born
of
the
Dew
,
which
falls
upon
the
Leaves
.
And
a
while
after
he
saies
:
Butterflies
are
made
of
Worms
,
but
these
Worms
of
green
Leaves
;
and
especially
of
the
Leaves
of
that
sort
of
Raphanus
,
which
some
call
Brassica
.
They
are
first
smaller
then
Millet
,
and
afterward
very
litle
worms
;
then
encreasing
,
within
three
dayes
they
become
litle
Magots
;
and
after
this
being
more
grown
,
they
cease
to
move
,
and
changing
their
form
,
are
called
Crystallides
,
being
contained
in
a
hard
crust
;
and
if
you
touch
them
,
they
stirre
:
a
great
while
after
the
crust
or
shell
is
broken
,
and
so
they
being
become
winged
creatures
,
take
their
flight
,
and
are
called
Butterflies
.
But
we
shall
prove
anon
,
that
the
Generation
of
all
creatures
is
alike
,
and
that
all
creatures
,
even
perfect
ones
,
are
begotten
of
a
Worm
;
which
Aristotle
also
seemeth
to
have
noted
,
where
he
saith
:
In
all
Creatures
,
even
those
which
produce
a
perfect
egge
,
the
de
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
9.
first
conception
groweth
before
it
be
distinguished
:
such
is
also
the
nature
of
the
Worm
.
Now
this
difference
there
is
between
the
generation
of
the
Worm
,
and
other
Creatures
;
that
the
Worm
growes
before
hee
have
his
shape
,
or
distinction
into
parts
:
according
to
that
of
the
Philosopher
,
An
animal
is
made
out
of
a
Worm
,
not
as
if
it
were
made
out
of
a
part
of
it
,
as
out
of
its
Egge
;
but
in
that
the
whole
Worm
grows
,
and
so
becomes
a
dearticulate
animal
;
namely
,
in
growing
it
becomes
to
be
jointed
or
distinguished
.
We
have
indeed
cause
to
wonder
,
that
the
Rudiments
De
hist.
an
.
l.
5.
c.
9.
of
all
Creatures
whatsoever
,
especially
of
Creatures
that
have
blood
,
(
viz.
of
a
Dog
,
a
Horse
,
a
Deere
,
an
Oxe
,
a
Henne
,
a
Viper
,
nay
of
Man
himselfe
)
should
so
exactly
resemble
the
shape
and
consistence
of
a
Magot
,
that
you
can
perceive
no
difference
at
all
.
Towards
the
end
of
the
Fifth
day
,
or
the
beginning
of
the
Sixth
,
the
Head
is
distinguished
into
three
vesicles
or
litle
bladders
;
whereof
the
first
;
and
greatest
,
which
is
round
,
and
blackish
,
is
that
of
the
Eye
:
in
whose
center
the
Pupilla
is
discovered
like
a
crystalline
Point
.
Under
this
a
lesser
vesicle
,
whereof
part
is
hidden
,
represents
the
Brain
;
●●
which
the
third
,
like
a
crest
adjoyned
,
or
a
smal
●●nd
knobb
,
appears
uppermost
;
of
which
at
last
●he
Cerebellum
or
After-brain
is
made
:
yet
in
all
●●ese
you
shall
finde
nothing
,
besides
a
cleare
water
.
And
now
the
Rudiment
of
the
Body
,
(
which
we
all
the
Keel
)
doth
more
distinctly
represent
the
●pina
dorsi
,
or
Chine
of
the
Back
:
to
which
,
sides
begin
to
be
built
and
appear
;
for
the
Wings
and
legs
do
now
jut
out
from
the
Magot
.
And
the
vessels
do
now
plainly
express
the
Navel
.
The
fifth
Inspection
of
the
Egge
.
EXER
.
XIX
.
THe
sixth
day
the
three
Bullae
of
the
Head
doe
more
plainly
appear
,
and
the
coats
of
the
eyes
are
now
distinct
:
also
the
Legs
and
Wings
do
bud
forth
;
as
at
the
end
of
June
,
the
Gyrini
(
which
the
Italians
call
Ravabottoli
,
and
we
Tadpoles
)
begin
to
have
leggs
,
when
now
they
forsake
the
wa●ers
,
loose
their
tayl
,
and
put
on
the
shape
of
Frogs
.
The
form
of
the
Chickens
Rump
is
yet
no
other
,
then
that
which
is
seen
in
all
other
animals
,
may
in
very
vipers
,
namely
a
round
slender
tail
.
The
Parenchyma
of
the
heart
now
groweth
to
the
vesicula
pulsans
;
and
a
litle
after
the
Rudiments
of
the
Liver
,
and
Lungs
are
discovered
,
and
also
the
Bill
,
all
appearing
exceeding
white
,
especially
the
Bill
.
And
about
this
time
all
the
Viscera
and
the
Guts
may
be
seen
.
But
the
heart
exposeth
it
●●
first
to
sight
,
and
the
Lungs
before
the
Liver
or
the
brain
.
But
before
all
are
the
eyes
visible
,
because
o●
their
largeness
and
blackness
of
their
colour
.
And
now
the
foetus
moves
,
and
gently
tumbles
,
and
stretcheth
out
the
neck
,
though
nothing
of
a
brain
be
yet
to
be
seen
,
but
meerly
a
bright
water
shut
up
in
a
small
bladder
.
And
now
it
is
a
perfect
Magot
,
differing
onely
from
those
kinde
of
worm●
in
this
,
that
those
when
they
have
their
freedome
,
crawle
up
and
down
,
and
search
for
their
living
abroad
:
but
this
worm
constant
to
his
station
,
and
swimming
in
his
own
provision
,
draws
it
in
by
his
Umbilical
Vessels
.
The
Viscera
and
the
Guts
being
now
erected
,
and
the
foetus
being
furnished
with
motion
too
;
yet
the
fore-part
of
the
Body
still
lyes
wide
open
,
being
deprived
of
the
Thorax
,
and
Abdomen
;
and
the
Heart
it selfe
,
the
Liver
,
and
the
Guts
hanging
out
.
About
the
end
of
this
day
,
and
the
beginning
of
the
seventh
,
the
claws
are
distinguished
;
and
the
foetus
begins
to
have
the
Effigies
of
a
Chicken
,
it
opens
the
bill
,
and
kicks
:
lastly
,
all
the
parts
are
delineated
,
especially
the
Eyes
.
But
the
Viscera
or
bowels
are
yet
so
obscure
,
that
Coiterus
truly
affirme●
.
That
he
saw
indeed
the
Eyes
and
the
Bill
,
but
could
discover
no
Viscus
at
all
,
though
never
so
concealed
or
confused
.
That
which
followeth
from
the
beginning
of
the
sixth
day
to
the
end
of
the
seventh
,
cometh
●●
pass
sooner
in
some
,
and
in
some
eggs
later
.
No●
are
the
coats
of
the
Eyes
seen
,
though
they
have
nothing
in
them
but
a
liquid
clear
humor
:
the
Ey●
themselves
are
something
prominent
,
or
hanging
out
of
their
seats
,
and
each
of
them
doth
no
le●
exceed
the
brain
in
magnitude
,
then
the
head
,
the
rest
of
the
body
that
is
fastned
to
it
.
A
litle
bubble
,
like
a
crest
,
placed
out
of
the
circuit
of
the
brain
,
supplied
the
place
of
the
cerebellum
,
and
that
is
also
full
of
a
clear
water
.
The
brain
seemeth
obscurely
divided
,
and
shines
not
so
much
as
the
cerebellum
doth
,
though
it
look
whiter
.
And
as
the
Heart
is
now
to
be
seen
without
the
inclosure
of
the
chest
,
so
is
the
cerebellum
,
out
of
the
Confines
of
the
cerebrum
.
In
cutting
off
the
Head
,
I
saw
(
by
the
benefit
of
●●y
Perspective
)
in
the
Necke
,
a
bloody
speck
of
●●e
veine
which
ascends
to
the
braine
.
And
by
●his
means
onely
could
I
distinguish
the
rudiment
of
the
Spine
,
from
the
other
Pulpe
,
it
was
of
a
milkey
complexion
,
but
firmer
consistence
then
milk
.
And
so
also
like
slender
cobwebs
,
narrow
white
lines
,
wan●ing
through
the
pulp
of
the
body
,
to
give
some
●●imen
of
the
Ribbs
,
and
other
bones
;
and
this
is
much
more
discernable
in
the
formation
of
other
Viviparous
Animals
.
The
Heart
,
the
Lungs
,
the
Liver
,
and
,
instead
of
Guts
,
the
most
slender
threds
,
●re
all
white
.
The
Parenchyma
of
the
Liver
●ows
to
the
Umbilical
vein
,
there
where
it
enters
●o
the
Liver
,
upon
thin
fibrous
strings
:
in
like
manner
as
the
Rudiment
of
the
Body
grows
to
the
●●
passing
from
the
Heart
,
or
to
the
Vesicula
pul●●s
.
For
as
Grapes
grow
to
the
cluster
,
buds
to
●●eir
stalks
,
and
the
eares
of
corn
to
the
straw
:
So
●●th
the
Liver
to
the
Umbilical
vessels
,
like
mush●●
out
of
Trees
,
or
proud
flesh
in
Ulcers
,
or
fleshy
●●●rs
which
border
upon
the
branches
of
the
Ar●●●●es
,
by
which
they
are
fed
,
and
spread
sometimes
●●●
vast
tumor
.
Having
had
an
Eye
upon
this
emploiment
of
Arteries
,
or
circulation
of
the
blood
,
I
have
sometimes
perfectly
cured
exceeding
great
Herniae
carnosae
,
beyond
all
expectation
;
providing
onely
,
that
the
litle
artery
being
tyed
or
cut
off
,
no
nutriment
or
spirit
might
have
accession
to
the
part
affected
;
by
which
it
fell
out
,
that
the
fatal
tumor
was
afterwards
easily
extirpated
either
by
incision
,
or
adustion
.
A
certain
man
,
besides
other
infirmities
,
(
and
of
this
story
I
can
produce
many
testimonies
)
had
a
Sarcosis
or
fleshy
tumor
in
his
Scrotum
or
God
,
bigger
then
a
mans
head
,
hanging
down
to
his
Knees
;
and
from
it
,
another
Hernia
carnosa
,
as
thick
as
ones
wrist
(
or
a
cable
)
passed
into
his
Abdomen
,
so
that
the
disease
growing
to
so
great
a
height
,
no
man
would
undertake
the
Cure
,
by
incision
,
or
otherwise
.
Yet
I
perfectly
cured
this
so
vast
excrescence
,
which
so
much
distended
the
Scrotum
,
and
encompassed
the
Testicle
,
by
the
means
aforesaid
;
and
yet
left
the
leading
and
preparing
vessel
to
the
use
of
the
Testicle
,
without
any
prejudice
or
touch
upon
the
other
vessels
descending
into
the
S●●tum
,
by
the
Tunica
vaginalis
,
or
coat
of
the
Testicles
so
called
.
But
these
and
other
Cures
,
accomplished
clean
beside
the
common
opinion
,
I
shall
in
my
Physical
Observations
(
if
God
grant
me
life
)
discover
at
large
.
I
mention
these
things
with
this
intent
,
that
men
may
plainly
see
,
that
the
Liver
grows
to
the
vessels
,
and
is
generated
some
time
after
the
Blood
is
born
,
and
that
its
parenchyma
is
produced
by
the
Arteries
,
(
which
administer
matter
to
frame
〈◊〉
and
also
that
for
a
while
it
continues
white
,
and
without
blood
;
which
is
likewise
common
to
other
parts
of
the
body
.
For
after
the
same
man●●
and
order
,
as
we
have
declared
the
production
●●
the
Chicken
to
be
out
of
the
Egge
,
doth
the
〈◊〉
ration
of
Man
,
and
all
other
Animals
proceed
.
By
which
it
appears
,
how
incongruous
their
perswasion
is
,
(
though
it
hath
obtained
both
of
old
,
and
now
too
)
who
decree
the
Liver
to
be
both
the
〈◊〉
where
the
Blood
is
wrought
,
and
the
Author
of
it
;
and
do
upon
that
account
,
rank
it
amongst
the
●hiefe
and
first-born
parts
of
the
Body
:
who
also
give
so
much
renown
to
this
Viscus
,
that
they
proclaim
it
to
spring
with
the
Heart
,
from
the
first
beginning
,
out
of
the
semen
of
the
mother
;
and
do
rigorously
maintain
the
Fable
de
tribus
Capellis
,
or
the
three
imaginary
Bubbles
.
In
which
Quire
,
Parisanus
of
late
,
with
a
loud
,
but
unmannageable
voice
,
hath
sung
his
part
of
the
Catch
.
These
honest
men
never
took
notice
,
that
the
Vesicles
move
,
the
Heart
pants
,
&
the
Blood
is
now
perfectly
concocted
,
before
any
track
or
foundation
of
the
Liver
appears
.
Without
all
question
the
Blood
is
to
be
counted
the
Author
of
the
Liver
,
●ither
then
the
Liver
the
Author
of
the
Blood
.
For
the
Liver
is
made
after
the
Blood
,
and
of
it
,
cleaving
●the
Veins
that
contain
the
Blood
.
Nor
yet
can
I
subscribe
to
the
Aristotelians
,
which
repute
the
Heart
to
be
the
Author
of
the
●●id
.
For
its
substance
also
,
or
Parenchyma
is
born
〈◊〉
the
Blood
,
and
is
then
superadded
to
the
Ve●●●●la
Pulsantes
.
But
I
am
much
in
doubt
whether
Vesicula
,
or
Punctum
saliens
or
the
Blood
,
that
is
to
●y
,
whether
the
contained
liquor
,
or
the
containing
●●ssels
be
the
elder
.
Now
it
seems
in
reason
,
that
●●
container
is
made
for
the
contained
;
and
therefore
after
it
.
This
indeed
our
cies
can
truly
witnese
,
●●●
the
Veines
are
the
first
woof
,
and
the
first
visi●●
foundation
of
the
body
,
and
that
all
the
other
〈◊〉
are
superadden
to
them
,
and
born
after
〈◊〉
.
But
of
this
matter
hereafter
more
at
large
.
In
the
Interim
we
cannot
chuse
but
smile
at
that
fond
and
fictitious
Division
of
the
Parts
,
into
Spermatical
,
and
Sanguineous
;
as
if
any
part
were
immediately
framed
of
the
Semen
,
and
were
not
all
of
one
extract
and
original
.
But
I
return
to
our
purpose
.
The
extent
of
the
Colliquamentum
doth
not
reach
over
more
then
half
the
Egge
.
The
Heart
hanging
out
,
stands
something
off
from
the
body
.
And
if
you
makes
diligent
inspection
,
you
may
discover
some
of
the
Umbilical
Vessels
beat
.
The
sixth
Inspection
of
the
Egge
.
EXER
.
XX.
ON
the
seventh
day
all
things
are
clearer
,
and
the
primordia
of
each
particular
part
are
now
visible
;
namely
,
the
Wings
,
Leggs
,
Genitals
,
the
divided
Claws
of
the
feet
,
the
Thighs
,
the
Sides●ien
,
&c.
Now
the
Foetus
bestirrs
it self
,
and
kicks
,
and
the
Chicken
is
found
complete
,
there
being
no
addition
to
be
expected
after
but
only
the
growth
o●
the
parts
yet
tender
:
which
the
more
they
encrease
,
the
more
the
White
decaies
;
and
the
out
ward
membranes
uniting
,
supply
the
place
of
the
Secundina
,
or
after-birth
;
as
also
the
Veines
do
every
day
more
and
more
represent
the
Navel
.
Therefore
I
conceive
it
convenient
to
pass
from
the
Seventh
,
to
the
Tenth
day
,
because
nothing
worth
observation
doth
intervene
in
the
mo●●
time
,
though
Authors
usually
,
especially
Aristotle
do
not
do
so
.
Notwithstanding
all
this
,
if
you
observe
many
Egges
at
a
time
,
you
shall
finde
some
that
are
forward
,
and
better
grown
,
have
all
the
parts
apparent
in
them
;
other
Truants
will
present
them
Iess
distinct
.
Though
on
the
other
side
,
many
things
concurre
to
the
work
,
as
the
Season
of
the
year
,
the
warmth
of
the
Nest
,
Outward
cherishings
,
Deligent
Incubation
,
and
the
like
.
I
remember
I
have
sometimes
seen
in
a
sluggish
Egge
,
the
cavity
indeed
dilated
on
the
seventh
day
,
and
the
Colliquamentum
sprinkled
ore
with
veines
,
also
a
Magot
in
the
midst
of
it
,
together
with
the
rudiments
of
the
Eyes
,
and
other
things
which
come
to
pass
in
other
Egges
,
about
the
fourth
or
fifth
day
;
yet
there
were
no
vesiculae
pulsantes
at
all
:
nor
could
I
finde
the
Trunke
or
root
out
of
which
the
Veines
rise
.
And
therefore
I
justly
counted
it
a
seeble
backward
Egge
,
endowed
but
with
a
sickly
generative
power
,
and
now
upon
the
point
to
die
.
And
that
chiefly
,
because
its
Colliquamentum
was
more
cleare
and
refulgent
then
usual
,
and
the
veines
did
also
shine
a
litle
.
For
when
the
Vital
spirit
departs
,
that
part
first
declines
and
corrupts
,
which
is
first
in
order
of
Generation
.
The
Inspection
after
the
tenth
day
.
EXER
.
XXI
.
WHatever
is
visible
the
tenth
day
,
is
delivered
so
accurately
by
Aristotle
,
that
litle
or
nothing
remaines
to
be
added
.
And
this
opinion
,
according
to
my
Paraphrase
,
is
thus
:
The
tenth
day
all
the
Chicken
is
visible
;
and
all
pellucid
,
and
white
,
save
only
the
Eyes
and
divarications
of
the
Veines
.
And
the
Head
is
bigger
then
all
the
rest
of
the
body
besides
;
and
the
Eyes
stick
fast
in
the
Head
,
or
rather
stick
to
the
Head
as
Appendixes
,
being
yet
unfurnished
of
a
Pupilla
or
Eye-ball
;
(
that
is
,
having
none
yet
perfectly
formed
;
and
yet
it
is
no
hard
matter
to
discover
the
distinct
coats
or
membranes
)
for
if
then
you
pluck
them
out
,
you
shall
finde
them
blacke
,
and
bigger
then
Beanes
:
from
which
if
you
take
off
the
skin
,
there
flows
a
white
,
cold
humour
,
very
refulgent
if
you
hold
it
in
the
light
,
and
beside
that
humor
,
there
is
nothing
(
namely
in
the
whole
entire
Head
)
contained
at
all
.
And
this
is
the
state
of
these
parts
,
from
the
seventh
day
,
to
the
tenth
.
At
the
same
time
(
saith
Aristotle
)
the
Viscera
or
Intrals
also
appear
,
and
all
the
appurtenances
belonging
to
the
Belly
and
Guts
;
namely
,
the
Parenchyma
of
the
Heart
,
Lungs
,
and
Liver
,
&c.
but
all
are
white
,
mucilaginous
,
and
washy
,
and
have
no
firm
consistence
in
them
.
And
the
Veines
also
that
proceed
from
the
Heart
,
are
applied
to
the
Navel
.
And
from
the
Navel
one
Vein
passeth
to
the
membrane
containing
the
yolke
;
which
is
then
more
liquid
and
dissolved
,
then
his
natural
constitution
uses
to
be
.
But
the
other
,
to
the
other
membrane
,
which
containeth
the
whole
membrane
(
namely
the
coat
of
the
Colliquamentum
)
which
encompasseth
the
Foetus
,
and
the
Yolke
,
and
the
interjacent
humour
.
For
while
the
Chicken
grows
by
degrees
,
part
of
the
yolk
is
above
,
and
part
below
;
but
the
White
being
in
the
midst
,
is
liquid
.
And
the
white
is
also
under
that
lower
part
of
the
yolke
,
as
it
was
under
it
before
.
So
farre
Aristotle
.
And
now
you
may
plainly
see
the
Veines
accompany
the
Arteries
;
as
well
those
which
〈◊〉
to
the
Whites
,
as
those
which
pass
to
the
yolk
.
The
yolke
also
now
dissolves
,
and
yet
not
all
of
it
,
but
that
which
lyes
uppermost
:
nor
do
the
spriggs
of
the
Veines
run
through
the
whole
yolk
,
but
through
that
part
onely
which
we
have
said
to
be
like
melted
wax
.
So
also
the
Veines
which
tend
to
the
White
,
have
some
Arteries
for
their
companions
.
And
the
greater
part
of
the
White
it selfe
,
is
dissolved
also
into
that
white
moisture
(
called
the
Colliquamentum
)
which
surrounds
the
Chicken
swimming
in
the
midst
of
it
,
and
lieth
between
the
two
divisions
of
the
yolke
;
namely
,
the
Upper
,
and
the
Lower
:
under
which
(
in
the
acute
angle
of
the
Egge
)
the
grosser
and
more
viscous
part
of
the
White
remaineth
.
The
Upper
part
of
the
yolke
appeares
now
more
liquid
and
resolved
,
then
the
Inferiour
doth
;
for
wheresoever
the
fibers
of
the
Veines
disseminate
themselves
,
the
parts
grow
presently
tumid
,
and
softer
.
But
Aristotle
adds
,
saying
,
the
White
at
the
tenth
day
sinketh
down
,
being
now
grown
less
,
viscous
,
thicker
,
and
yellowish
;
namely
that
part
of
it
which
is
not
transformed
into
the
Colliquamentum
.
Now
the
greatest
part
of
the
White
is
resolved
into
the
Colliquamentum
,
and
the
Foetus
;
that
is
,
all
the
thinner
part
of
the
Albumen
,
and
the
greater
part
also
of
the
thicker
.
But
the
Yolk
appears
now
larger
,
then
it
was
at
first
.
By
which
it
is
evident
,
that
the
Yolk
doth
not
yet
serve
for
nutrition
,
but
is
afterwards
designed
for
that
office
.
And
as
farre
as
I
could
conjecture
,
by
the
disseminations
and
distributions
of
the
Veines
,
the
Foetus
is
at
first
nourished
by
the
Colliquamentum
;
for
the
Veines
are
first
distributed
into
it
alone
,
and
thence
into
the
membrane
of
the
thinner
White
;
and
after
that
,
into
the
grosser
White
,
and
Yolk
:
so
that
even
the
grosser
White
becomes
the
nutriment
,
before
the
Yolk
.
For
the
most
tender
Foetus
,
whilest
it
is
yet
a
small
Magot
,
is
fed
with
the
thinnest
diet
of
best
concoction
;
that
is
,
the
Colliquamentum
,
and
the
thinner
White
.
But
when
it
grows
more
hearty
,
it
is
received
with
entertainment
proper
for
its
age
and
strength
.
In
the
next
words
,
Aristotle
describes
the
scituation
of
the
particulars
contained
in
the
egge
.
At
the
upper
and
lower
end
of
the
egge
,
doth
the
membrane
of
the
egge
reside
,
not
the
membrane
which
belongeth
to
the
shell
,
but
under
it
:
and
in
that
membrane
is
contained
the
white
liquor
:
(
namely
the
Colliquamentum
)
then
the
Chicken
,
and
the
membrane
containing
it
,
which
provides
such
a
separation
,
that
the
Foetus
it selfe
doth
not
wallow
in
the
liquor
.
Where
I
suspect
a
fault
in
the
Text.
For
the
thing
it self
speaks
,
that
it
should
be
rather
thus
.
Then
the
Chicken
encompassed
in
a
Membrane
,
is
seated
,
or
swims
in
that
white
liquor
;
which
Membrane
is
not
that
exterior
one
,
which
immediately
lineth
the
shell
,
but
another
Membrane
,
lying
under
that
:
which
when
the
exterior
White
is
spent
,
and
the
remaining
thicker
White
is
depressed
into
the
Acute
Angle
,
of
two
Membranes
(
namely
,
that
of
the
thinner
White
,
and
that
which
is
proper
to
the
Colliquamentum
)
is
made
one
coat
,
which
begins
to
appeare
like
the
Secundine
,
called
Chorion
.
Yet
Aristotle
saies
well
,
In
that
Membrane
is
contained
the
white
liquor
:
for
by
that
he
doth
not
understand
the
Albumen
,
but
the
Colliquamentum
made
of
that
Albumen
,
in
which
the
Foetus
swims
;
for
the
remainder
of
the
Albumen
is
now
sunk
down
into
the
Acute
Angle
.
The
Inspection
after
the
fourteenth
day
.
EXERCIT.
XXII
.
From
the
seventh
to
the
fourteenth
day
,
all
parts
are
enlarged
(
as
hath
been
said
)
and
more
visible
.
The
Heart
and
all
the
other
Intrals
are
now
concealed
in
the
several
Venters
or
Bellies
of
the
Chicken
:
and
those
that
before
were
exposed
,
and
naked
,
cannot
now
be
seen
,
but
by
opening
the
breast
,
and
lower
belly
.
Now
is
the
Chicken
cloathed
in
Plumes
,
whose
roots
appear
,
like
black
points
.
The
Apple
of
the
Eye
is
now
distinct
,
and
the
Eye-lids
are
plaine
to
be
seen
:
likewise
the
Membrana
Nictatoria
,
or
membrane
moving
the
Eye-lid
,
is
visible
in
the
greater
Canthus
or
corner
of
the
Eye
,
which
is
a
membrane
peculiar
to
all
birds
,
by
which
they
cleanse
their
Eyes
.
Also
now
the
Gyri
or
Involutions
of
the
braine
are
distinguished
,
and
the
After-braine
is
covered
by
the
Scull
:
and
the
Taile
hath
attained
the
form
of
a
Rump
.
After
the
fourteenth
day
,
the
Intrals
(
which
were
white
before
)
put
on
by
degrees
a
ruddy
flesh-colour
.
The
Heart
now
entered
into
the
cavernes
of
the
Chest
,
and
being
guarded
by
the
Sternum
,
or
Brest-bone
,
enjoyes
the
habitation
which
himselfe
hath
erected
.
The
Braine
and
After-braine
grow
firm
and
solid
in
the
Arch
of
the
Cranium
or
Scull
.
But
the
Guts
and
Gisard
,
are
not
concluded
in
the
Abdomen
,
but
hang
out
,
being
continued
and
fastned
to
the
rest
of
the
Intrals
.
One
of
the
two
Vessels
which
are
derived
to
the
Navel
from
the
Belly
neer
the
Fundament
,
is
an
Artery
(
as
the
Pulse
discovers
)
springing
from
the
Great
Artery
:
the
other
is
a
Veine
,
conveighed
from
the
Yolk
by
the
Guts
into
the
Vena
Porta
,
or
Gate-vein
,
at
the
concavous
part
of
the
Liver
:
for
the
other
Trunck
of
the
Umbilical
vessels
having
received
its
branches
from
the
White
,
passeth
by
the
convex
part
of
the
Liver
,
and
is
inserted
into
the
Vena
Cava
,
or
Hollow
veine
,
neer
the
basis
of
the
Heart
.
As
these
parts
grow
daily
more
conspicuous
,
so
the
greater
portion
of
the
White
is
daily
consumed
;
but
it
is
not
so
with
the
Yolk
,
which
is
hitherto
almost
entire
,
and
of
the
same
bulk
it
was
the
first
day
.
In
the
subsequent
dayes
,
you
may
see
the
five
Umbilical
vessels
,
whereof
one
is
a
very
large
veine
,
arising
from
the
Hollow
veine
above
the
Liver
,
and
scattering
branches
into
the
White
:
the
other
two
veines
derived
from
the
Gate-veine
(
having
both
the
same
original
)
are
disseminated
into
the
two
parts
of
the
Yolk
;
(
which
we
have
before
described
)
and
have
two
small
Arteries
which
arise
from
the
Arteries
of
the
loins
,
accompanying
them
.
The
Chicken
doth
now
possesse
a
greater
roome
in
the
egge
,
then
all
the
other
things
contained
in
it
:
and
beginnes
to
be
down-feathered
;
and
the
larger
the
Chicken
growes
,
the
more
the
White
diminisheth
.
And
it
is
worth
the
observation
,
that
the
membrane
of
the
Colliquamentum
,
which
were
have
said
is
joyned
with
the
outward
coate
,
and
with
it
doth
constitute
the
Secundine
,
or
Chorion
)
doth
now
likewise
containe
all
the
Yolk
,
and
being
grown
more
contract
,
doth
convey
the
Yolk
together
with
the
Guts
to
the
Foetus
,
and
fasten
them
to
it
,
and
shut
them
up
like
a
purse
,
where
the
strings
are
drawn
together
.
And
though
it
was
subtile
,
and
transparent
before
,
yet
now
as
it
growes
more
contract
,
so
it
thickens
,
and
becomes
more
fleshy
:
and
at
length
,
like
a
Hernia
intestinalis
in
the
scrotum
or
Cods
dilated
,
it
covereth
the
Guts
together
with
the
Yolk
,
and
sustaineth
them
all
:
till
at
last
growing
narrower
by
continuall
contraction
,
it
constitutes
the
Abdomen
of
the
Chicken
.
You
may
finde
the
Yolk
thus
disposed
between
the
Guts
,
the
belly
hanging
looser
about
the
1st
day
:
and
yet
not
so
fast
rooted
,
but
that
the
Guts
(
as
it
happeneth
in
the
Hernia
intestinalis
)
easily
driven
either
backward
into
the
belly
,
or
downward
into
the
Scrotum
,
may
be
moved
up
and
down
together
with
the
Yolk
.
I
have
seen
the
Yolk
in
this
manner
fall
from
the
belly
of
a
Pigeon
,
which
in
the
summer
time
,
had
too
hastily
broke
loose
from
the
shell
.
About
this
time
the
Chicken
hath
a
huge
belly
,
as
if
it
laboured
of
a
Hernia
.
And
now
the
Colliquamentum
by
degrees
growes
troubled
and
thicke
,
being
altered
,
and
diminished
,
(
which
was
before
in
very
great
quantity
)
and
the
Chicken
lies
brooding
upon
the
Yolk
.
And
in
those
days
,
before
the
Liver
attains
a
bloody
complexion
,
or
executes
the
of
office
the
second
concoction
(
as
they
say
)
the
Gall
(
which
is
separated
by
the
virtue
of
the
Liver
,
and
is
an
excrement
of
that
second
concoction
,
as
is
commonly
thought
)
is
now
to
be
seen
,
of
a
green
colour
between
the
Lobes
of
the
Liver
.
In
the
Cavity
of
the
Stomack
there
is
a
clear
Liquor
,
having
the
very
same
consistence
,
colour
and
tast
,
with
the
Colliquamentum
,
in
which
the
Foetus
swam
;
which
gliding
down
the
Guts
changeth
its
colour
by
degrees
,
and
is
converted
into
Chyle
;
and
at
last
just
such
an
excrement
is
discovered
in
the
lower
end
of
the
Guts
,
as
that
which
the
Chickens
eject
after
they
are
hatched
.
When
the
Chickens
are
more
grown
,
you
shall
see
the
liquor
concocted
and
coagulated
in
their
Stomack
:
as
in
Infants
that
feed
on
Milk
,
there
is
a
thick
substance
,
which
turnes
into
Whey
and
Curds
.
And
now
the
White
being
almost
spent
,
and
a
small
quantity
of
the
Colliquamentum
remaining
,
the
Chicken
for
some
days
before
exclusion
,
doth
no
longer
swim
,
(
but
as
we
have
said
)
lies
brooding
upon
the
Yolk
;
and
rouling
himselfe
up
in
a
heap
,
his
Head
for
the
most
part
being
nusled
between
his
right
Legge
and
Wing
,
he
is
compleatly
accoutered
with
Bill
,
Clawes
,
Plumes
,
and
other
furniture
.
He
sometimes
wakes
,
and
sometimes
sleepes
,
and
stirring
himself
,
respires
and
cryes
.
If
you
lay
the
Egge
,
to
your
Eare
,
you
shall
plainly
hear
the
chicken
busling
,
kicking
out
his
Legs
,
and
according
to
Aristotle
,
he
will
stare
upon
you
,
and
in
his
manner
cry
and
complaine
.
If
you
let
it
fall
gently
into
warme
water
,
it
will
swimme
,
and
the
chicken
within
it
,
being
roused
by
the
ambient
heat
,
will
bound
and
leap
,
and
the
egge
(
as
is
said
)
will
tumble
up
and
down
.
And
this
is
the
experiment
which
women
make
to
prove
the
fruitful
from
the
barren
eggs
,
for
the
latter
sink
in
the
water
.
When
the
White
is
now
clean
consumed
,
a
litle
before
exclusion
,
that
other
Navel
(
which
as
we
said
is
derived
to
the
White
)
is
obliterated
&
expunged
,
or
as
Aristotle
saith
,
that
Navel
which
is
extended
to
the
exteriour
Secundine
,
is
loosened
from
the
Animal
,
and
falls
off
.
But
that
which
is
conveyed
to
the
Yolk
,
is
knit
to
the
small
gut
of
the
chicken
.
The
first
Excrements
that
are
found
in
the
chicken
,
Hist.
an
.
l.
6
c.
3.
are
white
and
muddy
,
like
the
egge-shell
softned
and
dissolved
.
And
such
also
are
to
be
found
out
of
the
Foetus
wrapt
up
in
the
Secundine
.
To
which
Aristotle
consents
,
saying
,
At
that
time
the
Chicken
discharges
much
excrement
to
the
outward
membrane
.
And
a
white
excrement
is
discoverable
,
not
onely
within
,
but
without
the
belly
.
But
in
processe
of
time
,
when
the
exclusion
of
the
Foetus
approathes
neerer
,
the
excrement
growes
greenish
,
like
that
which
the
chicken
ejects
after
exclusion
.
And
you
may
also
perceive
in
his
craw
,
a
part
of
the
Colliquamentum
swallowed
down
,
and
in
his
Gisord
a
schiston
,
or
coagulated
substance
.
Nor
is
the
complexion
of
the
Liver
hitherto
either
purple
,
or
sanguine
,
but
declining
from
white
to
yellow
,
as
the
Livers
of
Fishes
,
yet
the
Lungs
are
sanguine
.
The
Yolk
is
now
concluded
in
the
Abdomen
between
the
Guts
:
and
that
not
onely
while
the
chicken
remaines
in
the
egge
,
but
also
when
he
is
excluded
,
when
he
walkes
abroad
with
his
Mother
to
seek
his
provision
.
By
which
it
appears
true
,
which
Aristotle
so
often
repeats
:
That
the
yolk
is
intended
for
the
Aliment
of
the
Chicken
:
for
the
yolk
being
shut
up
within
him
,
the
Chicken
for
the
first
dayes
after
exclusion
(
till
his
Bill
is
confirmed
and
strong
enough
to
divide
and
prepare
his
meat
,
and
his
Stomack
enabled
to
digest
it
)
feeds
upon
it
:
so
that
it
carrieth
some
analogy
and
proportion
to
milk
.
Aristotle
casts
in
his
suffrage
with
us
,
in
the
place
so
often
recited
.
Much
of
the
yolk
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
3.
doth
now
lye
under
the
Chicken
:
which
yolk
at
last
decreases
,
and
in
processe
of
time
,
is
all
turned
into
the
chicken
it selfe
,
in
whose
bowels
it
is
contained
:
so
that
ten
days
after
the
chicken
is
excluded
,
if
he
be
dissected
,
you
shall
finde
even
then
some
small
remainder
of
the
yolk
adhering
to
his
Intestines
.
Nay
I
have
found
some
Reliques
of
the
yolk
after
the
thirtieth
day
.
And
,
if
the
argument
be
of
force
from
the
production
of
the
Umbilical
veines
(
which
we
have
shewed
to
be
terminated
in
the
Vena
Porta
of
the
Liver
,
by
one
or
two
Trunks
)
the
Chicken
is
now
nourished
by
Aliment
attracted
by
the
Umbilical
vessels
from
the
yolk
:
in
the
same
manner
as
he
afterward
is
sustained
by
the
chyle
drawn
out
of
the
Intestines
by
the
Meseraike
veins
.
For
the
vessels
on
both
sides
are
terminated
at
the
Gate
of
the
Liver
,
whither
they
do
alike
convey
the
nourishment
they
draw
;
that
we
may
not
flie
to
the
Vene
Lacteae
in
the
Mesentery
(
which
in
feathered
Creatures
are
no
where
to
be
found
)
Give
me
leave
to
adde
something
here
,
which
I
have
tried
often
;
That
I
might
the
better
discern
the
scituation
of
the
Foetus
,
and
the
Liquors
after
the
fourteenth
day
,
to
the
very
exclusion
:
(
the
greate●
part
of
the
White
being
now
exhausted
,
and
the
yolk
divided
)
I
have
boiled
an
egge
till
it
grew
hard
,
and
then
pilling
away
the
shell
,
and
seeing
the
Scituation
of
the
Chicken
,
I
found
both
the
remaining
part
of
the
White
,
and
the
two
parts
of
the
yolk
(
which
as
we
have
said
before
,
are
divided
by
colliquation
caused
by
the
gentle
warmth
)
of
the
same
consistence
,
colour
,
tast
,
and
other
accidents
,
as
any
other
stale
egge
,
thus
ordered
,
i●
And
upon
this
Experiment
,
I
did
much
pondar
whence
it
should
come
to
passe
,
that
Improlifical
Eggs
should
,
from
the
adventitious
heat
of
a
Sitting
Henne
,
putrifie
,
and
stink
;
and
yet
no
such
in
convenience
befall
the
Prolifical
:
But
both
their
Liquors
(
though
there
be
a
Chicken
in
them
to●
,
and
he
also
with
some
Pollution
and
Excrement
)
should
be
sound
,
wholesome
,
and
incorrupt
;
so
that
if
you
eat
them
in
the
dark
after
they
are
boyled
,
you
cannot
distinguish
them
from
egges
that
are
so
prepared
,
which
have
never
undergon
the
Hens
incubation
.
Of
the
Exclusion
,
or
Birth
of
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
.
EXERCIT.
XXIII
.
THe
Egge
is
(
as
we
have
said
)
a
kind
of
an
exposed
Womb
,
and
placed
where
the
Foetus
i●
formed
:
for
it
executes
the
office
of
the
Matrix
,
and
shelters
the
Chicken
till
its
just
time
of
Birth
:
who
when
he
is
perfect
,
is
born
from
thence
.
Oviparous
creatures
are
therefore
not
distinguished
from
Viviparous
,
in
this
,
that
these
bring
forth
their
Foetus
live
,
but
they
do
not
;
(
for
the
Chicken
in
the
Egge
doth
not
onely
live
and
move
,
but
doth
breath
also
,
and
exercise
a
voice
,
and
being
born
,
enjoyes
a
perfecter
life
,
then
the
issues
of
other
Animals
)
but
their
maine
difference
cons●●●
in
the
manner
of
Generation
;
namely
,
in
that
Viviparous
creatures
continue
their
Womb
within
them
,
in
which
the
Foetus
is
fashioned
,
cherished
,
and
compleated
:
but
Oviparous
expose
their
Egge
or
Matrix
without
:
yet
neverthelesse
they
do
ripen
and
cherish
it
as
much
by
Incubation
,
as
if
they
did
reserve
it
within
their
bowels
.
For
though
the
Mother
do
sometimes
upon
sundry
occasions
desers
the
Egges
,
yet
her
affection
continues
still
with
them
,
and
making
speedy
returns
,
she
receives
them
in
her
tender
bosom
,
for
stereth
,
and
diligently
defends
them
.
But
when
the
Chicken
now
covets
the
freer
aire
,
the
Shell
being
parted
,
he
entereth
into
the
world
,
and
this
about
the
one
and
twentieth
,
or
two
and
twentieth
day
.
The
Common
mistake
of
Fabricius
,
and
almost
all
others
,
concerning
this
Exclusion
or
Nativity
of
the
Chicken
,
must
not
be
passed
by
.
Read
Fabricius
himself
:
The
Chicken
(
saith
he
)
doth
want
the
free
aire
before
it
wants
meat
,
because
there
is
yet
some
aliment
residing
within
it
:
in
which
condition
the
Chicken
being
unable
to
break
the
shell
,
in
regard
the
shell
is
hard
,
and
his
hill
soft
,
and
also
by
reason
of
the
distance
between
them
,
his
bill
being
sheltered
under
his
wing
he
gives
his
mother
a
signe
,
by
which
he
signif●●
the
necessity
he
stands
in
to
have
it
broke
up
,
and
this
s●●ne
he
uttereth
by
his
cry
.
For
the
Chicken
is
at
that
time
solusty
,
and
the
cavity
so
enlarged
,
and
so
great
a
quantity
of
air
contained
within
it
,
that
his
restorations
being
large
,
can
send
forth
an
exsufflation
,
and
cry
proper
to
his
kinde
,
and
probably
such
a
one
as
doth
express
his
request
;
which
also
the
standers
by
may
easily
heare
:
and
this
do
both
Pliny
and
Aristotle
mutually
affirm
.
Which
clamour
of
the
Chicken
comming
de
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
3.
to
the
Hennes
care
,
and
she
finding
a
necessity
of
breaking
the
shell
,
that
her
darling
may
enjoy
the
fr●●●
aire
to
continue
its
life
;
or
,
if
you
will
,
she
being
affected
with
a
strong
desire
to
see
her
beloved
Infan●
breaks
up
the
egge
with
her
bill
;
which
is
no
hard
matter
to
do
,
since
in
that
place
,
by
reason
the
cavity
hath
been
long
destitute
of
liquor
,
and
hath
been
much
dryed
by
the
aire
within
it
,
and
the
heat
without
it
,
〈◊〉
shell
is
become
more
fraile
,
and
brittle
.
The
cry
therefore
of
the
Chicken
,
is
the
first
and
greatest
taken
of
desire
of
enlargement
,
and
of
the
oxigence
it
stands
in
●●ant
of
Air
:
Which
the
Henne
so
exactly
understands
,
that
if
it
so
fall
out
,
that
she
perceive
the
●●●ckens
cry
to
be
low
,
and
inward
,
then
she
turns
●●
egge
up
side
down
with
her
feet
;
that
she
may
cleave
●●
egge
just
in
that
place
from
whence
the
voice
comes
,
●●out
any
injury
to
the
chicken
.
Hippocrates
ad●●
another
token
of
the
Chickens
inclination
to
get
out
〈◊〉
shell
;
namely
,
that
the
Chicken
being
now
strait●●
for
want
of
sustenance
,
bestirres
himself
strongly
,
●●quest
of
better
feeding
;
and
that
the
Membranes
●●ow
every
where
torne
a
sunder
;
and
that
the
Mo●●
discovering
these
violent
Motions
of
her
young
,
●●ratching
holes
in
the
Shell
,
delivers
it
from
bon●●e
.
Thus
far
Fabricius
,
pleasantly
and
elegantly
:
this
arguments
are
not
well
bottomed
.
For
●●e
found
by
Experience
,
that
the
Chicken
it
●●
(
and
not
the
Henne
)
doth
break
up
the
Shell
:
●●
this
is
also
most
consonant
to
Reason
.
For
●●
could
the
egges
which
are
fostered
in
Stoves
●●
Ovens
(
as
it
is
in
Aegypt
and
elsewhere
)
be
o●●●●wise
broken
up
?
Where
there
is
no
Mother
to
●●
the
distressed
supplicants
,
nor
redresse
their
brings
.
And
so
how
can
the
egges
of
your
Land
●●ea-Tortises
,
your
fishes
,
silkwormes
,
vipers
,
and
●●bes
be
unlockt
,
when
either
the
Issues
them●●
are
mute
and
silent
,
or
else
lye
hid
under
●nd
,
quite
out
of
hearing
.
Chickens
therefore
born
by
themselves
,
and
break
loose
from
●●
egges
by
their
own
industry
.
And
this
I
●●prove
by
infallible
Arguments
.
For
in
the
●●rforation
of
the
Shell
,
the
gap
is
so
litle
,
●
it
bears
no
proportion
at
all
with
the
Bill
of
〈◊〉
,
but
exactly
answers
the
chickens
;
and
●●d
about
the
hole
(
in
manner
of
a
coronet
)
the
Shell
stands
up
in
splinters
,
being
always
pierced
at
the
same
distance
from
the
top
:
and
the
shivered
pieces
(
especially
if
the
breach
be
new
made
)
always
jets
out
erect
,
and
tufted
.
And
as
when
Glass-Windowes
are
broken
,
a
man
may
easily
discover
whether
they
were
burst
from
within
,
or
without
;
if
he
do
but
take
the
paines
to
compare
the
bent
and
inclination
of
the
fragments
remaining
:
So
also
when
the
egge
is
pierced
,
by
the
erection
of
the
splinters
all
along
the
circuit
of
the
Coronet
,
it
is
manifest
that
the
invasion
came
from
within
.
And
I
my self
,
and
many
more
with
me
,
when
we
have
heard
the
Chicken
grate
and
scrape
the
Shell
with
his
Claws
,
have
presently
seen
it
bored
with
his
Bill
,
and
a
circular
breach
forced
through
it
in
the
manner
of
a
coronet
.
I
have
also
seen
the
chicken
bear
up
the
top
of
the
Shell
with
his
Head
,
and
so
shake
it
off
.
We
have
been
something
large
in
this
subject
,
because
the
speculation
is
not
to
be
contemned
:
as
will
appear
hereafter
.
But
as
for
Fabricius
,
he
is
easily
answered
:
For
I
grant
the
chicken
hath
a
voice
in
the
Egge
,
and
perhaps
a
significant
petitory
voice
:
But
it
doth
not
thence
follow
that
the
Henne
breaks
the
Shell
,
nor
that
the
chickens
Bill
is
so
soft
,
and
at
so
great
a
distance
,
that
it
cannot
penetrate
the
Shell
;
especially
since
the
Shell
,
according
to
his
own
arguments
,
is
now
very
brittle
.
Nor
doth
the
chicken
alwayes
confine
his
Head
to
his
Wing
,
that
so
he
may
be
made
incapable
of
working
his
passage
,
but
then
only
when
he
is
asleep
,
or
else
hath
given
up
the
Ghost
For
sometimes
,
as
Fabricius
confesseth
,
he
wake
kickes
,
scrapes
,
soratches
,
straines
the
Shell
,
straggles
,
tears
the
membranes
that
enwrap
him
,
〈◊〉
(
and
that
he
implores
help
by
these
cries
,
●●
doe
not
withstand
it
)
and
all
these
actions
may
any
man
hear
,
that
has
a
mind
to
it
.
Wherefore
the
Hen
diligently
listening
,
so
soon
as
she
discovers
the
voice
to
be
remote
,
and
come
from
below
,
she
doth
not
burst
the
egge
,
but
gently
move
it
to
and
fro
with
her
foote
,
till
she
have
procured
a
more
commodious
scituation
for
the
prisoner
.
Yet
it
doth
no
way
appear
,
that
the
Pullus
doth
by
his
cry
signifie
the
necessity
of
his
release
from
the
Shell
to
his
Mother
,
or
desire
an
enlargement
of
her
procuring
,
for
you
may
often
times
,
even
for
two
dayes
together
before
exclusion
hear
him
cry
in
the
Shell
.
Nor
doth
the
Henne
by
the
several
removes
of
the
egge
,
seeke
a
convenient
place
to
break
it
up
:
but
as
when
the
sick
Infant
in
the
cradle
is
disquiet
,
weepes
,
and
roares
,
his
affectionate
Mother
turnes
him
from
side
to
side
,
and
rocks
him
till
he
lye
at
ease
:
so
likewise
the
Hen
,
when
she
finds
her
chicken
bufling
,
or
crying
in
the
egge
:
or
after
his
exclusion
tumbling
up
and
down
in
a
distempered
posture
:
she
presently
●arts
up
,
and
provides
that
the
weight
or
heat
of
her
body
may
not
offend
him
,
and
moves
him
from
place
to
place
with
her
Clawes
and
Bill
,
till
he
have
procured
his
ease
and
quiet
.
Of
Twinne-Egges
.
EXERCIT.
XXIV
.
THey
are
called
Ova
Gemellifica
,
or
Twin-Egges
,
de
hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
2.
which
bring
two
chickens
;
being
(
as
Aristotle
〈◊〉
)
Stocked
with
two
yolks
,
which
in
some
are
divided
with
a
slender
partition
of
White
,
to
preserve
them
from
confusion
:
but
in
others
there
is
no
White
at
all
,
but
the
yolks
are
contiguous
.
I
have
often
seen
these
Ova
Gemellifica
or
Twin-Egges
,
where
they
have
had
two
Whites
to
every
yolk
,
together
with
common
,
and
proper
membranes
respectively
embracing
them
.
And
I
have
againe
seen
other
egges
where
the
two
yolks
did
cleave
to
one
another
,
and
were
both
encompassed
with
one
single
Common
White
.
There
are
some
Hennes
(
saith
Aristotle
)
which
bring
none
but
Twinne-Egges
,
in
which
the
Yolke
is
clearly
disposed
,
as
we
said
before
:
for
a
certain
Henne
in
two
and
twenty
egges
,
layed
none
but
Twinne-Egges
;
except
onely
those
that
were
barren
.
Now
it
comes
to
pass
,
that
one
of
the
Twins
is
bigger
then
the
other
:
but
the
last
is
a
Monster
.
With
us
sometimes
there
are
Twin-Egges
,
and
the
Chickens
also
are
sometimes
Twins
too
,
though
very
seldome
.
And
for
my
part
I
never
saw
two
such
Chickens
that
both
of
them
lived
:
but
one
perished
either
in
the
egge
it self
,
or
in
the
Exclusion
.
And
this
also
seems
to
have
befalne
Aristotles
Chickens
,
because
he
saith
,
One
was
bigger
then
the
other
:
implying
that
one
of
them
was
hartier
then
the
other
,
and
sooner
quickned
:
but
the
other
weaker
,
and
so
less
ready
to
endure
exclusion
:
For
(
I
am
perswaded
that
)
the
two
Yolks
are
of
different
production
,
and
maturity
.
And
therefore
it
can
hardly
be
,
but
that
the
forwarder
Chicken
,
being
now
ripe
for
enlargement
,
in
breaking
up
the
egge
,
to
make
way
for
his
own
nativity
,
must
needs
induce
abortion
to
his
brother
:
And
should
he
forbear
to
break
up
the
egge
,
his
own
life
were
in
imminent
danger
,
being
now
streightned
for
breath
.
So
that
in
Exclusion
,
the
one
or
the
other
,
receives
their
inevitable
doome
.
Fabricius
either
not
observing
,
or
not
understanding
If
there
chance
to
be
such
an
egge
that
hath
two
yolks
in
it
,
the
Chicken
that
is
produced
thence
,
is
born
with
four
legs
,
and
four
wings
,
and
two
heads
,
and
so
becomes
a
kind
of
Monster
:
but
the
Chickens
never
come
forth
so
distinctly
two
:
(
as
that
they
may
truly
be
called
two
)
but
have
onely
one
main
Trunk
of
body
,
where
two
heads
,
and
four
legs
and
the
like
are
adjoyned
.
Whence
it
appears
,
that
himself
never
saw
,
nor
heard
by
others
that
had
seen
it
,
that
such
kind
of
Egges
produce
Twins
:
and
therefore
he
must
needs
be
of
my
mind
;
namely
,
that
such
egges
rarely
happen
;
and
that
they
never
exclude
two
vitall
Foetuses
.
Yet
I
cannot
but
admire
that
(
if
he
saw
this
place
of
Aristotle
)
he
should
say
,
that
such
an
egg
doth
never
produce
two
distinct
Chickens
,
but
always
a
Monster
:
especially
since
he
believes
,
that
the
Foetus
is
formed
of
the
Chalazae
,
as
out
of
the
subject
Matter
,
and
he
could
not
but
see
four
chalazae
in
every
Gemellifical
Egge
.
I
rather
believe
that
when
in
a
Gemellifical
Egge
there
are
two
Yolkes
concluded
in
the
same
White
,
and
are
so
conjoyned
together
,
that
their
cicatriculae
,
while
they
are
opened
together
,
do
constitute
one
Eye
(
which
we
call
the
colliquamentum
)
a
Monster
chicken
may
be
then
produced
,
having
four
Legs
,
two
Heads
,
〈◊〉
.
because
I
can
see
nothing
to
hinder
it
;
and
such
a
one
I
suppose
was
bred
of
Fabricius
his
Egge
.
Yet
nevertheless
,
where
the
two
yolks
are
distinct
,
and
separate
by
their
proper
Coats
,
and
are
furnished
with
their
Grandines
,
and
Whites
,
and
other
necessaries
conducing
to
the
Generation
of
the
Foetus
:
I
conceive
we
ought
to
conclude
with
Aristotle
,
that
such
an
egge
as
it
hath
all
the
parts
required
to
two
egges
(
save
only
the
Shells
)
so
it
obtaines
the
virtue
and
power
too
;
and
unless
it
be
barren
and
addle
,
will
for
the
most
part
produce
two
chickens
,
but
seldom
a
single
Monster
.
CERTAIN
THEOREMS
taken
out
of
the
foregoing
History
of
the
Egge
.
EXERCIT.
XXV
.
THe
History
of
the
Hen-Egge
,
is
such
as
hath
been
said
.
Wherein
we
have
delivered
how
the
Egge
it selfe
is
generated
,
and
how
by
its
Action
(
which
is
Propagation
)
it
formeth
the
chicken
.
All
which
,
hath
perhaps
been
sufficiently
prolix
,
and
tedious
to
such
who
are
not
yet
acquainted
,
whither
these
so
great
undertakings
,
and
so
exact
and
accurate
Observations
,
tend
.
And
therefore
I
hold
it
convenient
to
discover
what
fruit
and
advantage
may
be
reaped
by
my
labour
:
and
hereupon
(
to
use
the
expression
of
our
most
learned
Verulamius
)
we
shall
proceed
to
our
Second
Vintage
:
collecting
certain
Theorems
out
of
our
former
History
;
some
of
which
are
Infallibly
True
,
some
Doubtful
,
and
must
submit
to
a
farther
Discussion
:
Some
are
Paradoxical
,
and
contrary
to
the
received
opinion
:
Some
of
them
also
relate
to
the
Cock
,
or
Male
,
some
to
the
Female
;
some
,
to
the
Egge
it self
;
and
lastly
,
some
to
the
Formation
of
the
Pullus
.
Which
when
we
have
once
throughly
discussed
,
and
understood
,
Our
knowledge
and
insight
into
the
Generation
of
all
other
Animals
,
will
be
lesse
exposed
to
difficulty
,
and
Errour
.
What
an
Egge
is
.
EXERCIT.
XXVI
.
THe
Theorems
,
which
are
employed
about
the
Contemplation
of
the
Egge
,
some
do
teach
what
an
Egge
is
,
some
what
its
Generation
,
and
others
what
Parts
go
to
its
Constitution
.
And
first
it
is
evident
,
that
One
Chicken
proceeds
but
from
one
Egge
:
which
though
it
be
a
double
egge
;
as
having
obtained
both
the
Nature
and
Parts
of
two
eggs
.
For
the
egge
is
a
certain
Conception
proceeding
from
Male
and
Female
,
qualified
with
the
Nor
is
it
the
Beginning
,
but
the
Fruit
also
,
and
the
End
;
Namely
,
the
Principium
,
the
Beginning
De
gen.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
18.
Seed
and
the
Fruit
(
according
to
Aristotle
)
are
distinguished
from
one
another
,
under
the
notion
of
For●ar
,
and
Latter
:
for
the
Fruit
is
that
which
is
made
●ut
of
another
,
and
the
Seed
is
that
out
of
which
another
is
made
;
for
otherwise
they
were
both
the
same
.
The
Egge
also
seemes
to
be
a
kinde
of
Medium
;
Terminus
à
quo
,
the
Point
or
Original
from
which
all
the
Cocks
and
Hennes
in
the
world
do
arise
and
spring
:
and
it
is
also
the
Terminus
ad
quem
,
the
Aim
and
End
proposed
by
nature
,
to
which
they
direct
themselves
all
their
life
long
.
By
which
it
comes
to
pass
,
that
all
Individuals
,
while
to
supply
their
Species
they
beget
their
Like
,
do
continue
and
perpetuate
their
duration
.
The
Egge
is
at
were
the
Period
of
this
Eternity
;
for
it
is
hard
to
say
,
Whether
the
Egge
be
made
for
the
Chickens
sake
,
or
the
Chicken
for
the
Eggs.
Now
,
which
of
these
two
,
namely
the
Egge
or
the
Henne
,
have
the
priority
in
Nature
,
or
Time
,
we
shall
now
copiously
handle
,
when
we
come
to
discourse
of
the
Generation
of
all
Animals
in
general
.
The
Egge
also
(
which
is
chiefly
to
be
noted
Seeds
of
Plants
may
be
rightly
called
Ova
Plantarum
,
the
Plants
Egges
)
not
onely
ex
quo
,
out
of
which
,
as
out
of
a
subject
Matter
;
but
also
à
quo
,
by
which
,
as
by
an
Efficient
cause
,
the
Chicken
springs
.
In
which
also
there
is
no
part
of
the
Future
Foetus
,
actually
〈◊〉
it
,
but
yet
all
the
parts
of
it
are
in
it
potentially
.
Now
,
Semen
,
or
Seed
properly
so
called
,
doth
differ
from
Genitura
,
Geniture
,
because
(
according
That
is
called
Genitura
,
which
proceeding
from
the
Male-Parent
,
is
the
chief
and
principle
cause
of
Generation
;
namely
,
in
f●ll
as
nature
hath
designed
to
coition
;
but
the
semen
is
that
,
which
proceeds
from
both
Parents
in
the
act
of
coition
,
the
Seed
of
all
Plants
is
like
to
this
,
and
so
is
the
Seed
of
some
Animals
,
which
have
no
distinction
of
Sex
at
all
,
being
as
it
were
at
the
first
a
kind
of
mixture
of
both
Sexes
,
or
promiscuous
conception
,
or
Animal
:
for
these
kind
of
creatures
have
in
their
single
selves
,
as
much
as
is
required
of
both
Sexes
.
An
Egge
therefore
is
a
Natural
Body
endowed
with
an
Animal
power
:
namely
,
with
a
Principle
of
Motion
,
Transmutation
,
Rest
,
and
Conservation
.
And
lastly
,
it
is
such
a
thing
,
as
all
impediments
being
removed
,
it
will
passe
into
an
Animal
:
not
do
heavy
bodies
,
when
all
obstacles
are
out
of
their
way
,
tend
downward
more
naturally
;
then
Seed
,
and
the
egge
,
do
by
an
inbred
Natural
Propensity
incline
to
become
a
Plant
,
or
an
Animal
.
And
the
Seed
also
,
and
the
Egge
,
are
the
Fr●●
and
End
,
of
that
very
thing
,
whose
Beginning
and
Efficient
they
are
.
Of
One
Chicken
there
is
but
One
Egge
:
So
Aristotle
,
Of
One
Seed
is
begotten
One
Body
;
as
for
example
,
Gen.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
20.
of
One
Graine
of
Wheat
,
One
Eare
;
of
One
Egge
,
one
Animal
;
for
a
Twinne-egge
is
Two
Eggs.
And
so
Fabricius
saith
,
Truly
:
An
egge
is
not
onely
an
exposed
Uterus
,
and
place
of
Generation
,
but
the
very
thing
also
on
which
the
entire
Generation
of
the
Chicken
depends
;
which
the
egge
accomplisheth
,
both
as
Agent
,
as
Matter
,
as
the
Place
,
as
the
Instrument
,
and
all
other
things
,
whatsoever
are
necessary
requisites
to
Generation
.
He
proves
it
to
be
in
Organum
,
or
Instrument
,
because
it
consists
of
several
parts
,
and
that
according
to
Galen
,
who
requires
this
to
the
very
being
of
an
Instrument
,
that
it
be
composed
of
divers
particles
,
which
conspire
all
to
one
〈◊〉
,
but
under
several
capacities
,
and
for
several
uses
:
for
some
of
these
parts
are
the
chiefe
Agent
in
the
Action
;
some
are
necessary
Assistants
,
without
which
the
Action
could
not
be
performed
at
all
;
others
conduce
to
the
more
convenient
&
better
performance
;
and
lastly
,
some
againe
,
to
the
welfare
and
preservation
of
all
the
rest
.
And
he
also
proves
it
to
be
an
Agent
,
where
he
propounds
out
of
Aristotle
and
Galen
,
the
two
actions
of
the
Egge
;
namely
,
the
Generation
,
and
Augmentation
,
and
Nutrition
of
the
Chicken
.
And
lastly
,
he
saith
exceeding
well
,
when
he
affirms
,
that
in
the
Operations
of
Nature
,
the
Artificer
or
Agent
,
the
Instrument
,
and
the
Matter
are
one
and
the
same
thing
:
So
the
Liver
is
both
the
Efficient
,
and
the
Instrument
of
sanguification
:
and
so
the
other
parts
of
the
body
:
wherefore
Aristotle
was
in
the
right
,
saying
,
It
is
hard
to
distinguish
the
Agents
from
the
Instruments
.
In
artificial
Operations
de
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
4.
indeed
the
Agent
and
the
Instrument
are
divided
,
as
the
Smith
and
his
Hammer
,
the
Painter
and
his
P●●cil
.
And
the
reason
is
rendered
by
Galen
,
becau●●
in
artificial
Operations
,
the
Artificer
is
without
de
form
.
Foet
.
Work
;
but
in
Natural
the
Efficient
cause
is
include
in
the
Instruments
,
and
received
with
intimacy
in
the
very
substance
of
the
Organ
.
To
which
I
ad●
those
Perspicuous
passages
of
Aristotle
,
Of
thing
that
are
,
some
are
caused
by
nature
,
and
some
by
other
causes
:
by
Nature
do
Animals
,
and
their
Parts
Phys.
l.
1.
e.
1.
also
Plants
,
and
simple
bodies
,
as
the
Earth
,
Fire
,
〈◊〉
and
Water
,
consist
:
For
these
and
the
like
,
we
s●●
are
made
by
Nature
.
Now
all
these
forenamed
creatures
seem
to
be
differenced
from
those
which
are
not
made
by
Nature
.
For
all
those
things
that
〈◊〉
made
by
Nature
,
seem
to
have
in
themselves
a
Principle
of
Motion
,
and
Rest
;
some
in
relation
to
place
some
in
relation
to
increase
and
diminution
,
and
s●●
,
in
relation
to
alteration
.
Now
a
Horse-Litter
,
and
Garment
,
and
all
such
kinde
of
things
,
according
to
their
several
notions
,
as
farre
forth
as
they
are
the
products
of
Art
,
they
have
no
inbred
principle
of
Mutation
:
but
so
far
as
it
chances
,
that
they
are
framed
of
Stone
,
or
Earth
,
or
bodies
composed
of
these
,
so
far
they
have
one
.
As
if
Nature
were
a
certain
principle
and
cause
,
why
that
thing
doth
move
,
and
rest
,
in
which
it
first
is
,
of
it self
,
and
not
by
Accident
.
Now
I
say
,
not
by
Accident
;
because
it
may
come
to
passe
that
a
man
may
be
the
cause
of
his
own
health
,
in
case
he
be
a
Physitian
:
Yet
he
is
not
in
health
under
the
same
Respect
,
as
he
is
a
Physitian
;
but
it
is
a
men
Accident
,
that
the
same
Man
should
be
in
Health
,
and
a
Physitian
too
.
And
therefore
these
two
things
are
sometimes
apart
.
And
thus
it
is
in
all
other
artificial
things
:
for
none
of
them
have
in
themselves
an
Efficient
Principle
,
but
some
of
them
have
such
a
Principle
in
others
,
that
are
without
themselves
,
as
a
House
and
all
other
Manual
Productions
:
some
indeed
have
it
in
themselves
,
but
not
by
themselves
:
namely
,
all
those
things
which
may
by
accident
become
causes
to
themselves
.
Nature
therefore
is
that
thing
which
she
hath
●●eady
been
said
to
be
.
And
all
those
things
have
●ature
in
them
,
which
have
such
a
kind
of
Principle
.
And
all
those
things
are
substances
.
For
Nature
is
ever
●●me
subject
,
and
in
some
subject
.
We
have
related
these
Passages
more
at
large
,
●●fficient
Cause
,
Place
,
and
what
ever
else
is
required
to
the
Generation
of
the
Pullus
.
And
chiefly
,
for
the
clearing
of
some
most
difficult
questions
,
〈◊〉
namely
,
which
is
,
and
what
kind
of
Principle
it
is
,
from
whence
Motion
and
Generation
do
pro●●d
?
Also
,
by
what
Power
the
Seed
doth
act
,
according
to
Aristotle
?
And
lastly
,
what
it
is
that
●oth
inspire
and
qualifie
the
Seed
with
its
faecundity
?
(
For
Aristotle
decrees
,
that
Nature
is
the
Principle
of
Motion
and
Rest
,
Innate
in
all
bodies
,
●●d
not
Accidental
.
)
Whether
that
which
in
the
●gge
,
is
the
Cause
Efficient
,
and
Principle
of
Generation
,
and
of
the
Vegetative
and
Vital
Operations
,
be
some
Innate
thing
in
it
,
or
something
Added
to
it
?
And
whether
it
be
in
it
first
,
and
by
it selfe
,
as
a
kinde
of
Nature
:
or
else
by
Accident
,
as
the
Physitian
is
in
the
Cure
?
Whether
it
be
some
In●●ed
,
or
some
Acquired
power
which
doth
transform
the
Egge
into
a
Chicken
;
or
nourish
it
when
it
was
but
begun
in
the
Ovary
,
augmenting
,
and
perfecting
,
also
preserving
it
while
it
is
not
Set
upon
by
the
Henne
.
Moreover
,
what
it
is
that
fructifies
the
egge
,
whether
it
be
to
be
called
the
Soul
?
or
a
Part
of
the
Soul
?
or
some
faculty
of
the
Soul
?
or
some
thing
that
has
a
Soul
?
or
an
Intellect
?
or
la●●
the
Deity
?
because
it
acts
for
some
end
,
〈◊〉
disposes
all
things
by
providence
,
and
〈◊〉
mitable
art
,
and
after
an
incomprehen●●●
manner
;
and
always
provides
what
is
best
,
b●●●
for
the
being
,
and
well-being
;
as
also
for
defence
,
and
ornament
.
And
this
not
onely
in
perfect
egge
which
it
fructifies
,
but
even
in
a
subventaneous
one
too
,
nourishing
,
augmenting
,
and
preserving
it
.
And
doth
not
onely
supply
and
nourish
the
yolk
in
the
Vitellary
,
but
that
very
le●●
speck
(
whence
that
proceeds
)
being
of
no
grea●●
magnitude
then
Millet
,
or
Mustard-seed
,
which
i●
feeds
and
enlarges
;
and
at
last
invests
it
with
the
White
,
the
Chalazae
,
the
Membranes
,
and
the
Sh●ll
For
it
is
probable
,
that
even
an
Improlifical
,
barr●●
egg●
,
by
an
innate
and
inbred
principle
(
though
it
be
contained
in
the
Bowels
of
the
Henne
,
and
adhear
to
her
)
doth
feed
,
conserve
,
augment
,
alter
(
in
like
manner
as
Fishes
and
Frogs-egges
,
which
being
exposed
do
grow
,
and
are
perfected
)
and
transforme
it self
out
of
a
small
Whelke
or
spe●k
into
a
yolk
,
and
afterward
take
its
journey
from
the
Ovary
to
the
Uterus
(
though
it
have
no
Connexion
to
the
Uterus
)
and
there
inrobe
it self
in
the
White
;
and
at
last
compleat
it self
with
the
Membranes
,
Chalazae
,
and
Shel
.
But
be
it
what
it
will
,
which
doth
alike
both
in
a
Subventaneous
,
and
in
a
Fruitful
,
equally
produce
the
same
effects
,
after
the
same
manner
,
and
from
the
same
Causes
or
Principles
;
whether
it
be
the
same
Soul
,
or
the
same
Part
of
the
Soul
;
in
both
it
is
very
well
worth
our
inquiry
.
Now
in
probability
,
the
same
things
do
spring
from
the
same
Causes
.
Though
the
egge
while
it
is
making
,
is
contained
within
the
Henne
,
and
grows
to
its
parent
in
Mush●●s
,
Misletoe
,
and
several
kindes
of
Moss
are
bred
〈◊〉
of
Trees
,
(
which
though
they
adhere
to
the
●lant
,
and
are
sustained
by
the
same
sap
with
its
●wn
blossomes
,
and
leaves
,
yet
are
they
not
Parts
of
those
Trees
,
nor
are
they
called
so
.
Aristotle
to
salve
these
doubts
,
allows
a
Vegetative
soul
to
de
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c
●e
,
even
in
the
very
Subventaneous
Egge
,
where
he
saith
,
Both
Females
,
and
all
things
that
live
,
have
a
Vegetative
soul
,
as
hath
been
often
said
:
Wherefore
this
●gge
(
treating
of
a
Subventaneous
egge
)
considered
a●
the
Conception
of
a
Plant
,
is
perfect
,
of
an
Animal
,
it
is
Imperfect
.
And
in
another
place
he
teacheth
the
same
thing
,
enquiring
:
After
what
manner
de
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
4.
●●
Subventaneous
egges
said
to
live
?
for
they
cannot
be
said
to
live
as
fruitful
egges
live
:
For
then
an
Animal
might
be
produced
out
of
them
.
Nor
are
they
in
the
condition
of
Wood
,
and
Stones
;
because
they
perish
by
a
kinde
of
corruption
,
as
things
that
formerly
did
in
some
sort
partake
of
life
.
It
is
certain
therefore
that
they
have
some
Potential
soul
:
But
what
Soul
is
that
?
doubtlesse
that
Soul
which
they
last
enjoyed
,
which
is
a
vegetable
Soul
;
for
this
is
indifferently
in
all
Plants
as
well
as
Animals
.
And
yet
the
same
soul
is
not
in
Subventaneous
Egges
,
and
in
fruitful
.
For
if
so
,
A
Chicken
might
alike
be
formed
out
of
both
.
But
how
their
Souls
differ
,
and
in
what
,
Aristotle
doth
not
sufficiently
declare
,
in
his
enquiry
,
Why
all
the
parts
of
an
egge
are
framed
in
a
Subventaneous
Egge
,
and
yet
an
Animal
is
not
procreated
thence
?
Because
(
saith
he
)
it
is
necessary
it
should
have
a
sensative
soul
.
As
if
in
fruitful
Egges
there
were
a
sensative
soul
,
besides
the
vegetative
.
Unlesse
you
apprehend
it
thus
,
that
the
Vegetative
soul
is
Actually
in
a
fruitful
egge
,
which
containes
in
it
a
sensative
soul
,
in
Potentiâ
;
out
of
which
afterwards
an
Animal
,
and
the
sensative
parts
of
an
Animal
are
produced
.
But
this
doth
not
sufficiently
salve
the
scruple
,
not
release
the
mind
involved
in
perplexities
and
doubts
.
For
an
Egge
seems
to
be
the
true
Sper●●
of
an
Animal
,
according
to
that
of
Aristotle
.
In
those
things
that
have
life
,
and
no
distinction
of
Sexes
,
de
gen.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
20.
the
Seed
is
a
kind
of
Conception
already
.
I
call
that
a
Conception
(
which
bears
proportion
to
Seed
)
which
is
the
mixture
of
Male
and
Female
;
wherefore
out
of
〈◊〉
Seed
proceedeth
one
Body
,
v.
g.
out
of
one
egge
〈◊〉
Animal
.
One
egge
therefore
seemes
to
have
one
Soul
:
now
Fertile
Egge
,
is
a
substance
susceptible
of
divers
powers
,
forces
,
and
faculties
,
as
also
of
several
conditions
,
vertues
,
vices
,
health
,
and
sicknesse
.
For
some
Egges
are
longer
lived
then
others
:
and
some
do
procreate
Chickens
endowed
with
the
vertues
,
and
soundnesse
of
constitution
of
the
parents
;
and
others
produce
them
inclinable
to
distempers
.
Nor
can
we
for
this
inconvenience
accuse
the
Matter
,
out
of
which
they
are
generated
,
since
the
diseases
of
the
Male
are
sometimes
transferred
to
the
Chickens
;
who
is
not
concerned
any
thing
at
all
in
the
Matter
of
the
egge
.
For
from
the
Male
the
Plastical
and
Generative
faculty
onely
doth
proceed
,
which
renders
the
egge
fertile
,
but
doth
constitute
no
part
of
it
.
For
the
Geniture
which
is
emitted
from
the
Male
in
Coition
,
doth
not
enter
into
the
Matrix
:
(
where
the
Egge
is
formed
)
Nor
(
as
we
have
said
before
,
and
Fabricius
also
joynes
in
the
Suffrage
)
can
it
any
way
penetrate
those
recesses
,
and
much
lesse
the
Ovary
,
which
is
seated
neer
the
Precincture
,
or
Midriffe
of
the
body
,
that
so
it
might
communicate
any
portion
of
the
Matter
,
or
any
thing
at
all
besides
its
single
Vertue
.
For
constant
experience
testifies
,
that
one
and
the
same
act
of
Coition
doth
fructifie
many
egges
together
:
and
not
onely
those
that
are
existent
in
the
Uterus
and
the
Ovary
;
but
those
also
that
are
not
yet
begun
:
as
we
shall
declare
hereafter
,
and
have
already
proved
in
our
History
.
If
therefore
the
Egge
be
rendered
Fertile
from
its
own
proper
soul
,
or
be
endowed
with
an
innate
a
dunghil
Chicken
,
or
a
mongrel-issue
between
the
dunghil-Henne
,
and
the
Cock-Pheasant
doth
arise
;
and
that
either
Male
,
or
Female
,
like
the
Male
,
or
Female-Parent
,
sound
,
or
sickly
;
we
must
then
conclude
,
that
the
Egge
(
even
while
it
is
contained
in
the
Ovary
)
doth
not
live
by
the
Soul
of
the
●●●ne
;
but
is
a
freeborn
,
Independant
Issue
from
〈◊〉
very
first
original
:
As
the
Acorne
taken
off
from
the
Tree
,
and
the
Seed
from
the
Plant
,
are
no
longer
to
be
counted
parts
of
them
;
but
creatures
,
as
it
were
,
at
their
own
dispose
;
living
and
subsisting
,
by
an
inbred
vegetative
faculty
peculiarly
their
own
.
Now
if
we
affirm
that
a
Fertile
Egge
hath
a
soul
,
a
question
will
arise
;
whether
that
self-same
soul
,
be
now
at
present
in
the
Egge
,
and
how
after
,
in
the
Chicken
,
or
whether
their
souls
be
distinct
.
For
we
must
of
necessity
acknowledge
,
that
some
Principle
there
is
which
doth
constitute
,
and
nourish
the
egge
;
and
also
that
there
is
a
Principle
which
produceth
and
sustaineth
the
Chicken
.
The
question
therefore
is
,
whether
the
Principle
,
or
soul
of
the
Egge
and
Chicken
,
be
one
and
the
same
,
or
more
then
one
,
and
diverse
?
For
if
there
be
more
then
one
soul
;
(
namely
,
one
which
belongs
to
the
Egge
,
and
another
to
the
Chicken
)
it
will
be
farther
enquired
,
whence
,
and
at
what
time
the
Chickens
soul
arrives
to
it
?
And
what
that
is
in
the
Egge
,
which
dilates
the
Cicatricula
raises
the
Yolk
to
the
top
,
and
produces
that
Eye
,
(
which
we
call
the
Colliquamentum
)
alters
the
Constitution
of
the
liquors
,
and
doth
predispose
all
things
for
the
fabrick
and
structure
of
the
Chicken
when
as
yet
there
is
nothing
at
all
of
the
chicken
existent
?
Whence
also
can
we
pretend
that
proper
and
convenient
Aliment
is
derived
to
●●●
Chicken
,
to
sustain
and
augment
it
,
when
there
i●
yet
no
Chicken
at
all
?
For
these
operations
s●●
to
belong
to
the
Vegetative
soul
of
the
Chicken
,
●●
cause
they
relate
to
the
Chickens
use
;
namely
●●
nutrition
,
and
Augmentaetion
.
But
now
,
when
the
fabrick
of
the
Chicken
is
in
hand
,
and
half-perfected
,
what
is
it
that
makes
the
Foetus
,
One
●●
the
same
thing
with
the
Liquors
,
conjoining
the
together
by
continuity
,
and
concrescence
?
What
is
it
that
feeds
,
and
enlarges
the
Pullus
;
that
doth
vindicate
those
juices
which
are
advantageous
to
its
nourishment
from
Putrefaction
,
preparing
,
melting
down
,
and
concocting
them
?
Since
the
soul
is
the
Act
of
an
Organical
Body
,
which
hath
life
in
Potentiâ
,
it
is
an
incredible
thing
that
that
soul
should
be
in
the
Chicken
before
its
body
have
received
any
Organization
.
Nor
yet
can
we
believe
that
the
soul
of
the
egge
,
&
the
chicken
is
one
and
the
same
:
for
the
soul
is
the
Preserver
of
that
thing
only
,
whose
soul
it
is
;
but
the
Puttus
and
the
Egge
,
are
two
distinct
things
;
and
do
exercise
not
only
distinct
vital
operations
,
but
Contrary
;
in
so
much
that
one
of
them
seems
to
result
from
the
Corruption
of
the
other
.
May
we
then
say
,
that
the
Cause
and
Principle
of
life
to
them
both
is
one
and
the
same
?
namely
to
the
Chicken
which
is
yet
but
an
Embryo
,
and
to
the
rest
of
the
Egge
,
as
if
it
were
the
simple
and
single
act
of
one
and
the
some
body
;
or
as
if
out
of
the
parts
constituting
●●●
natural
body
,
one
soul
did
spring
,
which
were
all
in
the
whole
(
as
they
say
)
and
all
in
every
part
.
As
we
finde
in
the
Trunk
,
Leaves
,
and
Fruits
●●●
Tree
:
in
which
,
wheresoever
we
make
a
separation
or
division
(
be
it
in
what
part
it
will
)
wee
say
,
that
the
first
Cause
and
Principle
of
that
part
,
●●
the
same
with
that
of
the
Whole
,
as
being
the
Form
and
End
of
the
One
,
but
the
Principle
only
of
the
Other
.
For
so
in
a
Line
,
in
what
point
soever
a
division
be
made
,
it
will
be
the
End
of
the
●ore-going
part
,
but
the
Beginning
of
the
subsequent
.
And
the
same
thing
may
seem
to
befall
in
●●lity
,
and
Motion
;
namely
,
in
every
Transmutation
,
and
Generation
.
And
so
much
at
present
concerning
these
matters
:
which
we
shall
more
exactly
,
and
more
copiously
handle
,
when
we
treat
in
General
of
the
Nature
of
the
Soul
of
the
Foetus
,
of
any
Animal
whatsoever
;
as
also
what
it
is
?
From
whence
,
and
when
it
comes
?
What
part
it
takes
first
possession
of
?
and
how
it
is
all
in
the
Whole
,
and
all
in
every
part
?
And
also
how
it
is
the
same
,
and
yet
diverse
?
All
which
we
shall
determine
and
resolve
out
of
multiplied
experiments
.
That
the
Egge
is
not
the
Production
of
the
Womb
,
but
of
the
Soul
.
EXER
.
XXVII
.
AS
we
conclude
(
saith
Fabricius
)
the
Action
of
the
Stomack
to
be
Chylification
;
and
the
action
of
the
Testicles
to
be
the
Generation
of
Seed
;
because
the
Chyle
is
found
in
the
Stomack
,
and
Seed
in
the
Testicles
:
So
we
positively
resolve
,
that
the
Generation
of
Egges
is
the
action
of
the
Uterus
of
the
Fowle
,
because
the
egge
is
found
resident
there
.
So
then
we
evidently
know
,
and
understand
,
which
is
the
Instrument
and
Place
of
the
Generation
of
Egges
.
But
〈◊〉
againe
,
since
there
are
two
Wombs
in
a
Fowle
,
th●
Superior
and
Inferior
,
and
those
much
unlike
one
another
,
and
therefore
their
Actions
are
divers
,
yet
it
i●
apparent
which
action
is
peculiar
to
each
.
For
〈◊〉
Superior
is
ordained
for
the
Generation
of
the
Yolk
the
Inferior
of
the
White
,
and
the
other
parts
,
●●
the
whole
,
as
is
evident
even
to
sense
:
For
in
the
Superior
nothing
is
contained
but
a
throng
of
Yolks
,
but
the
Inferior
the
entire
perfect
egge
.
And
yet
this
is
not
all
the
employment
of
the
Womb
;
but
the
Augmentation
of
the
egg
,
which
presently
insueth
after
the
egge
is
generated
,
and
continueth
till
it
be
compleated
and
have
attained
its
just
stature
or
magnitude
,
is
also
implyed
herein
.
For
a
Hen
doth
not
naturally
lay
her
egge
till
it
be
perfect
,
and
have
its
just
proportion
.
The
Action
therefore
of
the
Womb
,
is
both
the
Generation
and
Augmentation
of
the
Egge
.
Now
Augmentation
includeth
and
supposeth
Nutrition
.
But
since
all
Generation
is
effected
by
two
;
namely
,
the
Agent
,
and
the
Matter
:
The
Agent
in
the
procreation
of
Egges
is
nothing
else
,
but
the
Instrument
or
proposed
Organs
,
namely
the
twofold
Uterus
.
But
the
Matter
is
nothing
else
but
Blood
.
Now
we
,
though
we
acknowledge
the
Action
of
the
Uterus
to
be
in
some
sort
the
Generation
of
the
Egge
,
yet
we
do
not
agree
upon
any
termes
in
the
world
,
that
the
Egge
is
nourished
and
encreased
by
the
Uterus
.
And
this
both
for
the
reasons
before
alledged
,
when
we
discoursed
concerning
the
soul
of
the
Egge
,
which
nourisheth
it
:
and
also
because
it
is
an
improbable
thing
,
that
an
External
Agent
(
as
the
Womb
is
,
in
regard
of
the
Egge
)
should
form
,
nourish
,
and
angment
all
the
interior
parts
of
the
Egge
,
according
to
their
several
dimensions
:
nay
according
to
Aristotle
,
it
is
altogether
de
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
1.
impossible
.
For
how
can
an
agent
that
is
extrinsecal
in
respect
of
the
patient
,
work
upon
the
Aliment
that
is
elsewhere
provided
,
and
restore
it
into
the
place
of
that
which
is
wasted
away
,
according
to
all
dimensions
;
or
how
can
any
thing
be
affected
and
altered
by
that
,
which
doth
not
touch
it
?
Therefore
doubtlesse
the
same
things
befall
the
Generation
of
Egges
,
as
happen
to
the
exordiums
of
all
living
creatures
;
namely
,
that
they
should
be
constituted
by
some
preexistent
external
thing
;
but
presently
(
upon
the
reception
of
life
)
nourish
,
and
augment
themselves
;
and
that
by
●
proper
inspired
efficacy
,
proceeding
from
a
Principle
which
is
now
borne
,
and
implanted
in
them
.
What
we
have
lately
delivered
concerning
the
soul
,
doth
seem
to
evince
clearly
,
that
the
Egge
is
neither
the
Workmanship
of
the
Uterus
,
nor
controuled
or
governed
by
it
:
For
it
is
apparent
that
even
a
Subventaneous
egge
is
furnished
with
a
Vegetative
Soul
,
because
we
discover
even
such
an
egge
also
to
enjoy
Vegetation
,
Nutrition
,
Augmentation
,
and
Conservation
,
which
are
infallible
sight
of
the
fore-said
Soul
.
Now
these
faculties
cannot
issue
out
of
the
Mother
,
or
Matrix
,
because
the
Egge
hath
no
Coherence
,
or
Union
to
it
;
but
tumbles
and
roules
in
its
Cavity
free
,
and
disjoyned
(
like
a
Son
who
hath
obtained
his
Freedom
)
and
growes
up
to
perfection
,
as
the
Seeds
of
Plants
do
in
the
Womb
of
the
Earth
,
by
an
internal
Vegetative
Principle
,
which
can
be
no
lesse
then
a
Vegetative
Soul
.
Much
more
will
it
appear
,
that
it
hath
a
Soul
,
when
we
consider
,
after
what
manner
,
and
by
whose
impulsion
,
the
Round
and
Ample
Yolk
,
being
new
loose
from
the
Vitellary
,
maketh
its
descent
through
the
Infundibulum
,
(
which
is
a
slender
Tunnel
,
wrought
with
a
niost
thin
membrane
,
which
hath
no
provision
of
motory
fibres
)
working
out
its
own
way
,
till
through
all
those
streights
it
arrive
at
the
Uterus
;
where
it
nourisheth
,
augmenteth
,
and
invests
it self
in
the
White
.
And
yet
all
this
while
,
there
is
no
Motory
Instrument
at
all
in
the
Vitellary
,
which
should
expell
it
thence
,
nor
in
the
Infundibulum
,
which
should
transmit
it
,
or
in
the
Uterus
which
should
attract
it
:
Nor
is
the
Egge
fastned
by
veins
to
the
Uterus
,
as
in
the
Ovary
,
nor
hath
any
dependance
upon
it
by
the
Umbilical
Vessels
;
as
Fabricius
truely
affirms
,
and
is
obvious
to
every
eye
.
What
then
remains
,
but
that
upon
discovery
of
such
wonderful
Operations
,
we
should
cry
out
with
the
Poet
,
Spiritus
intus
alit
,
totamque
infusa
per
artus
An
innate
Spirit
feeds
,
an
Infus'd
Soul
Into
each
part
,
doth
the
whole
Mass
controul
.
And
though
the
first
ground-workes
of
Egges
(
which
we
have
proved
to
be
but
Whelkes
,
as
it
were
,
and
of
the
magnitude
of
the
Seed
of
Millet
)
do
cohear
to
the
Vitellary
by
the
mediation
of
Veins
and
Arteries
;
(
as
the
Seeds
of
Plants
are
born
adhearing
to
the
Plants
)
and
thereupon
seem
to
be
Parts
of
the
Henne
,
and
to
be
nourished
and
live
after
the
manner
of
other
Parts
:
yet
it
is
evident
,
that
as
the
Seeds
of
Plants
being
dis-united
from
the
Plants
,
are
no
more
accounted
parts
of
them
;
no
more
are
Egges
,
now
come
to
maturity
,
impowred
with
fertility
,
and
separated
from
the
Vitellary
,
any
longer
to
be
ranked
amongst
the
Parts
of
the
Henne
,
but
like
a
Son
come
to
age
,
and
at
his
own
dispose
,
are
regulated
and
enliven'd
by
their
own
proper
soul
.
But
of
this
morefully
hearafter
,
when
we
shall
discourse
concerning
the
Soul
of
an
Embryo
in
general
;
and
of
the
excellence
and
divinity
of
the
Vegetative
Soul
,
ordering
all
things
after
a
wonderful
manner
:
(
which
providence
,
art
,
and
divine
discretion
,
as
farre
exceeding
our
capacity
,
as
God
excells
Man
;
and
therefore
are
(
confessed
by
all
)
truly
admirable
,
not
to
be
gazed
upon
by
our
cloudy
apprehensions
,
by
reason
of
their
ineffable
lustre
.
What
shall
we
say
then
of
those
litle
Animals
,
which
are
begotten
in
our
own
bodies
,
which
no
man
ever
doubted
to
be
regulated
and
vegetated
by
their
own
proper
soul
?
And
of
this
kind
are
Worms
in
the
Stomack
,
Guts
,
and
Fundament
,
Lice
,
Nittes
,
litle
Wormes
in
the
Flesh
,
Mites
:
Or
what
shall
we
resolve
concerning
those
Wormes
,
which
proceed
from
Plants
,
and
their
fruit
?
such
as
you
may
finde
in
Galls
,
Nuts
,
the
Scarlet-Berry
,
and
Eglantine
,
&c.
For
an
Animal
may
be
created
almost
in
all
drye
things
,
growing
moist
,
or
moist
things
Hist.
an
.
l.
5.
c.
32
growing
drye
.
It
is
impossible
that
those
Animals
which
are
bred
in
the
Galls
should
be
enlivened
by
the
Okes
soul
,
though
they
live
joyned
to
the
Oke
,
and
provide
their
Aliment
out
of
the
Sap
of
the
Oke
.
And
so
it
is
credible
,
that
the
very
Rudiments
of
the
Eggs
,
while
they
are
yet
in
the
Cluster
,
do
subsist
by
their
own
,
and
not
by
the
Hennes
Soul
,
though
they
are
united
to
her
by
Veins
and
Arteries
,
and
she
also
do
administer
nourishment
to
them
.
For
(
as
we
have
observed
in
our
History
)
the
Whelkes
do
not
all
grow
at
once
(
as
Grapes
grow
in
the
Bunch
,
and
Graines
in
the
Eare
of
Corne
)
as
if
they
were
inspired
by
the
same
concocting
and
formative
faculty
;
but
are
increased
one
after
another
;
(
as
by
their
own
efficacie
)
and
that
which
first
separates
its
selfe
from
its
fellowes
,
changeth
colour
and
consistence
,
and
of
a
White
Whelke
is
made
a
Yolke
;
and
so
they
follow
one
another
in
order
:
And
which
is
more
remarkable
,
in
Pigeons
,
and
some
other
Birds
,
they
grow
up
from
the
Cluster
in
paires
to
make
up
one
Laying
,
and
one
of
them
moves
for
the
most
part
a
Cock
,
and
the
other
a
Henne
.
And
yet
in
the
meane
time
some
of
the
Papulae
,
or
Whelks
in
the
Ovary
stay
at
a
stand
,
till
two
other
grow
up
for
a
new
production
,
which
have
received
fecundity
from
the
repeated
coition
of
the
Male
,
and
are
both
inspired
with
a
Soule
.
Which
when
they
have
received
,
they
order
themselves
,
and
grow
;
living
at
their
own
,
not
at
their
Parents
command
.
For
indeed
what
can
you
fancie
to
dispose
,
select
,
separate
,
and
perfect
these
Papulae
,
or
Whelks
(
rather
then
the
other
)
unless
it
be
their
own
proper
soules
.
For
though
they
assume
nourishment
from
their
Parent
,
yet
they
doe
it
no
otherwise
,
then
the
Plants
attract
from
the
Earth
,
or
the
Foetus
from
the
Yolke
and
White
.
Lastly
,
because
the
Papula
continuing
in
the
Ovary
,
receives
its
fecundity
from
coition
,
and
such
a
one
too
,
that
it
by
and
by
passeth
into
the
forme
of
the
Cock
concerned
in
the
coition
;
(
whether
it
be
Dunghill-Cock
,
or
Cock-Pheasant
)
and
since
so
great
a
difference
befalls
the
Papulae
,
as
there
is
in
the
males
themselves
of
different
kinde
,
what
shall
we
conclude
to
be
in
the
Papulae
themselves
,
by
whose
virtue
they
are
distinguished
both
from
themselves
,
and
their
female
parent
?
Doubtless
it
must
needs
be
the
soule
,
by
which
they
are
diversified
both
from
one
another
,
and
from
their
Mothers
also
.
And
just
in
this
manner
doe
Mushromes
,
and
Plants
growing
to
Trees
,
live
.
We
discover
likewise
often
in
our
own
bodies
,
that
Cancers
,
fleshy
,
and
also
phlegmatical
Tumors
,
and
such
like
swellings
,
are
supplied
and
fed
as
it
were
with
their
own
proper
vegetative
soules
;
while
in
the
interim
the
true
and
genuine
parts
of
the
Body
,
doe
extenuate
and
wither
:
And
that
because
these
tumors
doe
seduce
all
the
aliment
to
themselves
,
and
so
defraud
the
rest
of
the
body
of
its
fostering
juyce
(
as
of
its
Genius
)
whence
they
are
called
Phagedaenae
and
Lupi
,
Devouring
Cankers
and
Wolves
.
And
perhaps
Hippocrates
by
his
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
understood
those
diseases
,
which
spring
from
venom
,
or
contagion
;
as
if
they
were
furnished
with
a
life
,
or
inspired
with
a
certain
divine
principle
,
by
which
they
provide
for
themselves
,
and
propagate
their
kinde
,
and
so
did
beget
by
contagion
distempers
like
themselves
,
in
several
person●
.
Wherefore
(
Aristotle
saith
)
Animae
plena
sunt
omnia
,
All
things
are
filled
with
a
soule
.
And
i●
De
Gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
11.
Ibid.
l.
4.
c.
11.
another
place
,
he
conceives
that
even
Wind
hath
its
life
,
birth
,
and
decease
.
But
the
yolke
,
which
it
is
now
divorced
from
the
Ovary
,
and
spoiled
of
all
commerce
with
the
Henne
,
then
doubtless
(
a●
beanes
and
such
like
pulse
derive
of
their
own
accord
humidity
from
the
Earth
,
which
they
imbibe
,
and
digest
)
passing
through
the
Infundibulum
,
and
residing
now
in
the
Cavity
of
the
Uterus
,
it
doth
attract
a
slow
thick
moisture
,
which
it
receives
into
it selfe
,
and
from
it
obtaineth
nutrition
and
augmentation
,
begirts
it selfe
with
the
White
,
and
being
ingarrisoned
in
the
membranes
and
the
shell
,
is
at
last
exact
and
perfect
.
All
which
being
duely
considered
,
wee
conclude
,
that
it
is
stored
with
a
peculiar
soule
of
its
owne
.
That
the
Egge
is
not
made
without
a
Henne
.
EXERCIT.
XXVIII
.
TO
omit
what
ever
is
in
dispute
;
and
to
wave
all
controversies
till
we
come
to
the
General
contemplation
concerning
this
subject
;
we
now
proceed
to
things
of
more
certainty
,
&
more
obvious
.
And
first
it
is
manifest
that
an
Egge
cannot
be
made
fertile
,
without
the
help
of
the
Cock
and
Henne
.
For
without
a
Cock
it
cannot
be
fruitfull
,
without
a
Henne
it
cannot
be
at
all
.
And
this
is
opposite
to
that
opinion
,
which
deduceth
the
first
rise
and
fabrick
of
all
living
creatures
out
of
the
clay
of
the
Earth
.
For
since
the
several
parts
of
Generation
(
namely
the
Testicles
and
Leading
Vessels
in
the
Cock
)
are
formed
with
such
eminent
Art
,
Industry
,
and
Reason
,
and
likewise
the
Ovary
and
Uterus
in
the
Henne
,
together
with
the
Veines
and
Arteries
which
are
subservient
to
them
,
are
so
skilfully
composed
,
and
the
situation
,
figure
,
and
temper
of
every
particular
,
are
disposed
in
a
miraculous
method
;
and
all
these
things
are
some
way
or
other
required
to
the
generation
and
fecundity
of
the
egge
:
most
certain
it
is
(
for
nature
makes
nothing
in
vain
,
nor
doth
she
go
to
work
by
digressions
,
where
she
may
be
more
compendious
in
her
dispatch
)
that
an
egge
cannot
be
any
other
way
produced
,
then
now
it
is
,
(
namely
,
by
a
cock
&
a
hen
)
neither
by
nature
of
her
own
accord
,
nor
by
any
other
means
whatever
;
nor
can
either
cock
or
hen
be
produced
,
but
from
an
Egge
.
So
that
the
cock
&
the
hen
are
made
for
the
Eggssake
,
and
likewise
the
Egge
for
the
Cock
and
Hens
sake
:
and
you
may
be
justly
doubtfull
with
Plutarch
,
which
of
these
is
first
,
namely
the
Egge
,
or
the
Henne
For
she
was
first
in
order
of
Nature
,
but
the
Egge
i●
order
of
Time
.
For
whatsoever
excells
,
is
first
in
order
of
Nature
;
but
that
from
which
another
i●
produced
,
is
first
in
order
of
Time
.
Or
else
we
may
say
,
That
that
Egge
from
which
this
or
that
particular
Henne
sprung
,
is
of
more
Antiquity
th●●
the
Henne
:
and
so
on
the
contrary
,
That
Hens
which
produceth
this
particular
Egge
,
is
elder
then
it
.
For
this
Vicissitude
and
Circuite
perpetuate
the
Race
of
Cockes
and
Hennes
;
while
now
the
Chicken
,
and
now
the
Egge
by
a
constant
series
and
return
do
continue
an
Immortal
Species
,
out
of
the
decay
and
ruines
of
the
Individuals
.
And
after
this
sort
do
many
sublunary
creatures
emulate
and
approach
to
the
Perpetuity
of
Celestial
bodies
.
And
whether
we
affirm
a
soul
to
be
in
the
egge
or
not
,
yet
by
this
circumvolution
it
appears
,
that
there
is
some
principle
of
the
vicistitude
from
the
Henne
to
the
Egge
,
and
again
from
the
Egge
to
the
Henne
,
which
conferrs
a
sempiternity
unto
them
.
And
that
very
thing
(
saith
Aristotle
)
beareth
an
Analogie
to
the
substance
of
Starres
;
and
causeth
the
Parents
to
propagate
,
and
their
seed
,
or
eggs
,
to
be
de
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
3.
prolifical
:
and
is
like
Proteus
,
disguised
in
several
formes
,
ever
existent
both
in
the
Parents
,
and
in
the
Egges
.
For
as
that
Minde
or
Spirit
which
rules
the
world
,
doth
continually
reduce
the
same
Rising
and
Setting
Sun
from
several
Quarters
and
Regions
of
the
Earth
:
so
also
in
the
Progeny
of
Cocks
and
Henns
,
the
Vis
Enthea
,
or
divine
Principle
,
which
is
now
called
the
Plastical
,
sometimes
the
Nutritive
,
and
sometimes
the
Augmentatin
Power
or
Virtue
,
is
also
ever
conceived
to
be
the
Conservative
,
and
Vegetative
too
:
and
now
putting
on
the
form
of
the
egge
,
and
now
of
the
Chicken
,
continues
for
ever
.
And
though
some
Animals
are
born
of
their
own
Accord
,
or
(
as
they
commonly
say
)
of
Putrefaction
:
and
others
only
produced
from
a
Female
(
as
Pliny
notes
in
some
kinde
of
And
therefore
,
saith
Aristotle
,
The
Male
and
the
de
gen.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
2.
Female
are
chiefly
to
be
counted
the
Principles
of
Generation
.
The
Cock
therefore
and
the
Henne
are
the
two
first
Principles
of
the
egge
;
the
fruit
,
or
common
conception
of
both
which
is
the
egge
,
containing
in
it
the
virtue
of
both
Parents
.
So
that
an
egge
can
no
more
be
made
without
the
assistance
of
the
Cock
and
Henne
,
then
the
fruit
can
be
made
without
the
Trees
aid
.
And
each
particular
Individuum
,
both
Cock
and
Henne
,
seems
to
be
created
for
the
egges
sake
,
that
the
same
Species
may
be
prolonged
,
though
by
the
ruine
and
obsequies
of
the
Authors
.
And
it
is
also
clear
,
that
the
Parents
are
no
longer
youthfull
,
beautifull
,
complete
and
Jovial
,
then
they
can
generate
,
or
fructifie
their
eggs
,
and
produce
their
own
like
,
by
the
mediation
of
those
eggs
.
Which
work
of
nature
so
soon
as
they
have
accomplished
,
as
if
then
they
had
attained
the
highest
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
or
Pitch
of
their
perfection
,
and
last
end
for
which
they
were
born
,
they
presently
wither
,
grow
old
,
and
Emerit
,
and
as
if
God
and
Nature
had
forsaken
them
,
they
decline
speedily
,
and
hasten
to
their
end
,
like
creatures
weary
of
their
lives
.
Whereas
on
the
contrary
,
the
Males
when
they
arm
themselves
,
and
are
in
all
respects
well
appointed
for
Loves
encounter
,
how
strangly
doth
the
potent
Cupid
heighten
their
enflamed
spirits
,
how
spruce
are
they
,
how
do
they
pride
it
;
how
vigorous
,
how
testy
are
they
,
and
prone
to
conflicts
!
But
when
this
office
and
performance
ceaseth
:
oh
!
how
soon
doth
their
force
abate
,
and
their
late
fury
coole
!
how
doe
they
hale
in
all
their
swelling
sails
,
and
check
their
darings
?
Nay
even
while
this
jocund
Sacrifice
to
Venus
is
in
season
,
no
sooner
is
the
act
performed
,
but
they
grow
tame
and
pusillanimous
;
as
if
it
were
then
deep
printed
in
their
thoughts
,
that
while
they
impart
a
life
to
others
,
they
are
in
full
career
to
their
own
urnes
.
Onely
our
Cock
,
full
fraught
with
seed
and
spirits
,
approves
himselfe
the
onely
cheerfull
loser
,
and
with
the
plaudit
of
his
wings
and
voice
,
crownes
his
past
triumphs
,
and
lights
his
wedding
Torch
at
his
own
Cinders
.
And
yet
he
also
flags
after
long
game
,
and
like
an
Emerit
souldier
resignes
his
Commission
.
And
so
the
Hens
likewise
,
like
Plants
worn
out
,
grow
decayed
Matrons
,
and
fore-go
their
Nurseries
.
How
a
perfect
and
fruitfull
Egge
is
produced
by
Male
and
Female
,
according
to
Aristotle
.
EXERCIT.
XXIX
.
WEe
have
lately
said
,
that
an
Egge
,
especially
a
fruitful
one
,
is
no
spontaneous
issue
;
nor
doth
proceed
from
any
thing
but
a
Hen
,
nor
yet
a
fruitfull
one
from
her
neither
,
without
her
intercourse
with
a
Cock
:
According
to
that
of
Aristotle
;
We
are
to
conclude
,
that
male
and
female
De
gen.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
2.
are
the
chief
principles
of
Generation
:
the
Male
,
because
he
hath
the
preeminence
in
the
original
of
the
Motus
and
Generation
,
the
Female
in
the
original
of
the
Matter
.
Now
according
to
our
decision
,
A
fertile
egge
is
truly
a
sperme
,
and
genit
all
seed
,
Analagous
to
the
seed
of
Plants
,
and
the
first
conception
resulting
from
both
Parents
,
and
the
promiscuous
production
of
them
both
.
For
as
an
Egge
cannot
have
a
being
without
a
Hen
,
so
it
cannot
have
fecundity
without
a
Cock.
It
remaines
therefore
that
we
enquire
,
how
the
egge
is
made
by
the
hen
,
and
how
it
is
made
fertile
by
the
Cock
;
for
we
see
that
subventaneous
egges
,
and
those
animate
too
,
are
produced
by
the
hen
:
but
yet
are
not
prolifical
without
the
Cock
.
And
therefore
both
Cock
and
Hen
lay
their
stock
together
to
constitute
a
fertile
egge
.
And
yet
(
as
I
conceive
)
not
in
that
manner
as
Aristotle
would
have
it
;
namely
,
that
the
Male
should
be
Master
only
of
the
original
of
the
Matus
and
Generation
:
and
the
Female
onely
contribute
the
Matter
.
For
the
contrary
appears
in
Subventaneous
egges
:
And
tho●●
it
be
true
,
where
he
saith
:
The
Male
and
Female
are
different
according
to
reason
,
because
their
faculties
are
diverse
,
and
according
to
sense
,
because
some●
of
their
parts
are
divers
too
.
The
difference
between
them
according
to
reason
consists
in
this
,
that
the
Male
is
that
creature
which
doth
generate
in
another
;
the
Female
is
that
,
which
generates
in
it selfe
,
and
out
of
which
,
that
which
is
generated
is
made
,
being
contained
in
that
which
doth
generate
it
.
But
since
these
〈◊〉
distinguished
by
the
diversity
of
the
Faculty
,
and
of
the
Office
or
imployment
;
and
every
performance
of
〈◊〉
office
requires
an
instrument
;
and
the
parts
of
the
body
are
commodious
instruments
to
the
faculties
;
it
i●
necessary
that
some
parts
should
be
accommodated
for
procreation
and
Coition
;
and
that
those
parts
should
be
different
too
,
that
so
the
Male
and
Female
may
be
distinguished
.
Yet
it
doth
not
thence
follow
,
which
he
see●
desirous
to
infer
,
saying
:
The
Male
is
the
Efficient
and
by
the
vertue
of
its
Geniture
doth
produce
that
which
is
designed
out
of
the
Matter
conteined
in
〈◊〉
Female
:
and
the
Female
doth
always
contribute
the
Matter
.
So
that
it
is
necessary
that
the
Female
should
contribute
the
Body
,
and
the
Quantity
or
Magnitude
,
but
there
is
no
such
thing
required
at
the
males
hand
.
Nor
is
it
necessary
that
the
Instruments
,
or
the
Efficient
it self
should
be
in
those
things
that
are
produ●●●
by
them
.
The
Body
therefore
proceeds
from
the
female
,
and
the
soul
from
the
male
.
For
the
Substance
of
〈◊〉
Body
is
the
soul
.
For
an
egge
,
and
that
an
anima●●
one
too
,
is
produced
by
the
Hen
alone
,
without
the
Cock
.
Whence
it
appears
,
that
the
Female
〈◊〉
Hen
is
also
the
Efficient
cause
;
and
that
all
power
of
Production
,
or
the
Soul
doth
not
proceed
〈◊〉
the
Male.
And
this
the
example
urged
by
Aristotle
seemes
to
confirm
:
for
he
saith
.
Those
creatures
De
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
4.
that
proceed
to
Coition
,
and
●re
not
of
the
same
kind
(
which
they
do
,
whose
season
is
alike
,
and
time
of
hearing
,
together
neer
at
hand
,
and
do
not
much
differ
in
the
dimensions
of
their
bodies
)
do
bring
forth
their
first
issues
like
to
themselves
,
partaking
of
the
Species
of
both
kindes
:
as
those
that
are
begotten
by
a
Wolfe
and
a
Bitch
,
or
by
a
Partridge
and
the
Dunghil●rood
:
but
in
process
of
time
,
these
diverse
Parents
,
produce
a
diverse
issue
,
the
off-spring
at
length
assuming
like
form
with
the
Hen
,
as
forraigne
Seed
is
at
last
transformed
according
to
the
Nature
of
the
Soile
where
it
growes
,
for
the
Soile
contributes
matter
and
Body
to
the
Seed
.
By
which
words
it
is
manifest
,
that
in
the
Generation
between
a
Cock-Partridge
and
a
Dunghil-Hen
,
the
Male
is
not
the
sole
efficient
,
but
the
Female
is
concerned
too
:
because
a
Common
Species
and
form
,
and
not
that
of
the
Male
onely
,
is
produced
;
being
alike
,
both
in
Body
,
and
Soul
,
as
well
to
the
Female
as
the
Male.
Now
the
Soul
●●
the
Forme
and
Species
of
an
Animal
.
And
againe
:
the
Female
may
seem
to
have
most
●ight
to
the
title
of
Efficient
,
for
he
saith
,
in
Pro●●sse
of
time
,
these
diverse
Parents
produce
a
diverse
〈◊〉
,
the
off-spring
at
length
assuming
like
form
with
the
Hen.
As
if
the
Seed
of
the
Male
were
lesse
powerful
;
and
did
in
time
lose
the
Species
which
it
imprints
;
as
being
razed
out
and
expunged
by
〈◊〉
more
potent
Efficient
.
And
this
that
instance
concerning
the
soil
doth
more
strengthen
:
For
,
●●reign
Seed
is
at
last
transformed
according
to
the
●●ture
of
the
soile
where
it
growes
.
By
all
which
it
〈◊〉
probable
,
that
the
Female
is
a
stronger
〈◊〉
in
Generation
,
then
the
Male
:
For
in
the
Universe
likewise
,
the
Earth
is
held
to
be
,
as
it
were
,
the
Female
and
the
Mother
:
But
the
Heavens
and
the
De
gen.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
2.
Sun
,
and
the
other
Bodies
of
that
kind
,
Philosopher●
call
by
the
name
of
Father
and
Genitor
.
Now
the
Earth
also
produceth
many
things
of
its
own
accord
,
without
any
Seed
:
And
amongst
Animals
,
some
Females
do
procreate
of
themselves
without
a
Male
;
(
thus
the
Henne
generates
a
Subventaneous
Egge
)
but
the
Male
never
begetteth
any
thing
without
a
Female
.
Nay
by
those
very
Arguments
which
contend
to
prove
the
Male
to
be
the
Principle
of
Generation
,
and
the
primary
Efficient
;
the
energy
or
efficiency
of
the
Female
seems
to
be
confirmed
,
and
ratified
:
For
that
is
to
be
counted
the
Primary
Efficient
,
in
which
the
reason
of
the
foetus
,
and
form
of
the
Production
is
most
eminent
;
and
whose
apparent
similitude
is
discovered
in
the
foetus
,
and
also
which
hath
an
existence
it self
before
,
and
then
generates
.
Since
therefore
,
the
Form
,
Reason
,
and
Similitude
of
thè
foetus
is
no
lesse
(
not
more
)
in
the
Female
then
in
the
Male
;
and
she
also
is
in
being
before
,
as
a
Primary
Mover
:
We
may
well
conclude
,
that
the
Female
is
as
eminent
an
Efficient
of
Generation
,
as
the
Male.
And
though
Aristotle
truly
say
,
that
the
Conception
or
egge
assumes
no
part
of
its
body
from
the
Male
,
but
onely
its
form
,
species
,
and
soul
,
and
that
the
Female
contributes
onely
the
body
,
and
quantity
de
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
4.
Yet
it
doth
no
way
appear
to
the
contrary
,
〈◊〉
that
the
Female
doth
contribute
in
some
s●●
both
Form
,
Species
,
and
Soul
,
(
and
not
the
Ma●●
singly
)
As
is
evident
in
the
Hen
,
which
produ●●
Egges
without
a
Male
(
as
the
Trees
beare
the
Fruits
,
Herbs
and
Seed
without
any
distinction
of
Sexes
at
all
.
)
And
Aristotle
himself
confess●
that
even
a
Subventaneous
Egge
hath
a
Soul
.
The
Female
therefore
must
be
the
Efficient
Cause
of
the
And
yet
though
there
be
a
Soul
in
the
Subventaneous
Egge
,
yet
that
Soul
is
not
Prolifical
;
and
therefore
we
must
acknowledge
that
the
Henne
is
not
properly
the
Efficient
of
a
Perfect
Egge
,
but
that
she
is
so
made
,
by
Authority
and
Commission
procured
from
the
Cock
.
For
an
Egge
,
except
it
be
Prolifical
,
cannot
justly
be
said
to
be
Perfect
.
Now
such
an
Egge
is
produced
onely
by
the
Male
;
or
rather
by
the
Henne
,
having
received
such
instructions
from
the
Cock
;
as
if
from
his
Coition
,
the
Female
did
receive
the
Art
,
Reason
,
Forme
,
lawes
,
Rule
and
Model
of
the
future
Foetus
.
Thus
the
Female
(
like
a
fruitful
Tree
)
being
made
fertile
by
Coition
,
is
made
Oviparous
,
bearing
perfect
and
Prolifical
Egges
.
For
though
the
Henne
have
at
present
no
rudiment
of
Egges
at
all
ready
in
the
Ovary
,
yet
being
fructified
upon
Coition
,
●he
suddainly
after
,
both
hath
,
and
layes
Egges
;
and
those
also
Prolifical
ones
.
And
here
the
experiment
of
poor
Women
is
of
use
;
Which
having
a
Hen
at
home
,
but
never
a
Cock
,
they
commit
her
for
a
day
or
two
to
a
neighbours
Cock
:
and
from
that
small
communication
,
all
her
egges
succeed
fruitful
,
for
all
that
seson
.
That
is
,
not
onely
those
Egges
,
which
now
are
Yolks
,
and
onely
want
a
White
,
or
else
have
some
Rudiment
of
their
future
growth
,
though
never
so
litle
;
but
even
those
Egges
also
which
are
not
yet
begun
at
all
,
and
are
to
be
conceived
a
great
while
hence
,
are
all
rendered
fruitfull
by
the
same
vertue
.
The
Benefit
of
this
Disquisition
con.
cerning
Fecundity
.
EXERCIT.
XXX
.
THe
Disquisition
wherein
we
examine
,
What
it
is
in
the
Egge
that
renders
it
fruitful
?
is
very
subtle
,
and
difficult
,
and
of
exceeding
great
use
:
As
also
what
is
in
the
Conception
,
what
in
the
Seed
,
and
what
in
the
Hen
that
confers
Fecundity
upon
them
:
Likewise
what
in
the
Cock
distinguisheth
him
from
a
barren
cock
?
Is
it
the
same
cause
,
which
we
call
the
Soule
in
the
Foetus
?
or
some
part
of
the
Vegetative
Soul
?
For
the
knowledge
of
the
First
Cause
conduceth
much
to
the
compleat
science
of
Generation
:
For
Science
springs
from
Known
Causes
,
especially
those
that
are
the
first
Causes
.
Nor
is
this
indagation
lesse
useful
to
the
knowledge
of
the
Nature
of
the
Soul
.
But
when
once
the
verity
of
this
is
throughly
discovered
,
not
onely
Aristotles
opinion
concerning
the
Causes
of
Generation
is
refuted
,
and
chastised
;
but
even
those
things
also
which
Physitians
have
written
against
him
,
are
easily
disproved
.
Our
Quere
therefore
is
,
whether
that
which
affords
the
Fertility
to
the
Egge
,
Yolk
,
Papula
,
or
Whelke
,
Cock
,
Hen
,
and
to
its
Womb
,
be
one
and
the
same
thing
,
or
diverse
?
Likewise
whether
it
be
a
Substance
from
whence
this
vertue
flowes
?
For
it
seems
to
be
susceptible
of
Powers
,
Faculties
,
and
Accidents
.
Or
whether
it
be
also
a
Corporeal
thing
For
that
seems
to
be
mixt
it self
,
which
generates
a
mixt
thing
;
namely
a
similitude
common
to
both
Cock
and
Hen
;
such
as
is
that
ambiguous
Species
produced
by
a
Cock-Phesant
and
a
Dung
bil
Hen.
It
seems
also
to
be
a
Corporeal
thing
,
which
suffers
from
without
;
in
so
much
that
it
doth
not
onely
produce
feeble
issues
,
but
deformed
also
,
and
sickly
ones
,
and
such
as
are
obnoxious
to
,
and
do
inherit
the
Virtues
,
and
Vices
of
their
Parents
.
We
may
also
make
a
question
concerning
each
particular
,
whether
that
which
confers
the
Fertility
,
be
ingenerated
,
or
comes
from
without
?
Namely
,
whether
it
be
transferred
from
the
Egge
to
the
Chicken
;
from
the
Hen
to
the
Egge
,
and
from
the
Cock
to
the
Hen.
For
it
seemes
to
be
a
thing
ex
Traduce
;
namely
,
which
is
transferred
from
the
Cock
to
the
Hen
;
and
from
Her
to
the
Egge
,
the
Womb
,
and
the
Ovary
:
From
the
Seed
to
the
Plant
,
and
back
again
from
the
Plant
to
the
Seed
.
For
this
is
common
to
all
things
that
are
perpetuated
by
Generation
;
namely
,
that
their
first
rise
should
result
from
Seed
.
Now
the
Seed
,
the
Conception
,
and
the
Egge
are
all
of
one
and
the
same
kinde
,
and
that
which
renders
these
Fruitful
,
is
in
all
of
them
the
same
thing
,
or
something
of
a
like
nature
;
and
that
is
some
divine
thing
,
and
hath
an
analogy
to
the
Heavens
,
to
Art
,
Intellect
,
and
Providence
.
As
is
plain
by
the
wonderful
operations
,
artifice
and
counsel
of
those
creatures
,
in
whom
nothing
is
constituted
in
vain
,
rashly
,
or
by
chance
,
but
all
for
some
Good
,
and
to
some
End
.
We
shall
hereafter
be
more
ample
,
concerning
the
Universal
Speculation
,
and
knowledge
of
this
thing
:
Having
already
spoken
as
far
as
occasion
hath
presented
it self
to
discourse
of
it
by
the
by
,
in
order
to
the
Hen-Egge
.
Namely
,
how
many
things
is
that
thing
in
,
which
brings
Fecundity
?
and
how
is
it
in
them
?
whether
as
an
Accident
,
as
either
an
Affection
,
a
Habit
,
a
Power
,
or
a
Faculty
?
or
as
a
Forme
,
and
a
Substance
or
as
a
thing
Contained
in
a
thing
Containing
or
as
a
thing
reserved
in
some
peculiar
part
?
For
it
is
most
certain
,
that
the
very
Subventaneous
egge
is
compleat
in
all
parts
as
far
as
sense
can
discover
,
and
yet
it
is
Barren
:
and
likewise
,
that
the
Uterus
,
and
also
the
Hen
are
perfect
,
and
so
is
the
Cock
;
and
yet
they
all
were
barren
,
were
they
deprived
of
that
which
conveys
their
Fecundity
to
them
.
All
which
we
shall
relate
,
after
we
have
expounded
,
What
,
and
How
,
the
two
Principles
,
Male
and
Female
,
do
confer
to
the
Egge
,
and
to
Generation
;
and
likewise
in
what
manner
they
may
both
be
called
the
Efficient
Causes
and
Parents
of
the
egge
.
That
the
Egge
doth
not
proceed
from
the
Cock
and
Henne
,
after
that
manner
which
Aristotle
would
designe
.
EXERCIT.
XXXI
.
IT
is
most
certain
,
that
the
Fertile
Egge
cannot
be
made
,
but
by
both
Cock
and
Hen:
and
yet
not
in
that
fashion
as
Aristotle
thought
,
as
if
forsooth
,
the
Cock
alone
were
the
prime
Efficient
,
and
the
Hen
did
contribute
nothing
but
the
Stuff
,
or
Materials
.
For
I
am
not
of
his
mind
,
where
he
saith
:
When
the
Seed
of
the
Male
enters
into
the
Womb
of
the
de
gen.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
4.
Female
,
it
doth
reduce
the
purest
part
of
the
Excrement
into
a
consistence
:
and
a
litle
after
.
But
when
the
excrement
of
the
Female
is
in
the
Womb
,
it
is
made
by
the
Geniture
of
the
Male
,
like
to
congulated
Milke
.
For
that
Coagulum
is
Milke
conteining
vital
Heat
,
which
carrieth
parts
that
are
alike
,
the
same
way
together
,
uniting
,
and
joyning
them
.
Now
the
Geniture
●●●eanes
it self
just
so
towards
the
Menstrua
,
or
excrement
.
For
the
nature
of
the
Menstrua
and
of
Milk
is
the
same
.
Therefore
the
parts
being
gathered
together
,
the
corpulent
humour
is
discarded
,
and
upon
the
●refaction
of
the
more
earthy
part
,
the
Membranes
result
to
encompass
the
whole
;
and
this
upon
necessity
,
and
to
some
intent
and
use
besides
.
And
these
things
proceed
in
the
same
manner
,
as
well
in
all
Oviparous
,
as
Viviparous
Animals
.
But
the
matter
is
much
otherwise
,
in
the
generation
of
the
Egge
.
For
the
Seed
(
or
Geniture
rather
)
proceeding
from
the
Male
in
Coition
,
can
by
no
means
enter
the
Womb.
Nor
hath
the
Hen
after
Conception
,
any
excrementitious
substance
,
or
purer
part
of
any
such
substance
,
or
any
Blood
at
all
in
the
Cavity
of
the
Womb
,
which
might
receive
perfection
from
the
Geniture
of
the
Male.
Nor
are
the
Parts
of
the
Egge
(
namely
the
membranes
and
the
Liquors
)
procured
by
any
kind
of
Coagulation
;
nor
is
there
found
any
thing
like
Coagulated
Milk
,
as
is
clear
and
evident
out
of
what
hath
passed
.
And
hence
it
follows
,
that
neither
the
Conception
(
out
of
which
the
Animal
springs
,
as
out
of
Fertile
Seed
)
is
after
that
manner
as
Aristotle
imagined
:
For
the
Conception
is
after
the
same
manner
in
Viviparous
,
as
the
Egge
is
produced
in
Oviparous
creatures
:
as
himselfe
confesses
,
and
shall
anon
appear
in
some
of
our
Observations
.
For
it
is
a
certain
truth
,
that
the
Egge
,
be
it
barren
,
or
fertile
,
is
made
and
formed
by
the
Hen
alone
:
onely
the
fertility
indeed
is
derived
from
the
Cock
.
I
positively
affirme
,
that
the
Cock
conferres
neither
Matter
nor
Form
to
the
Egge
;
but
onely
that
thing
by
which
the
Egge
is
Fertile
,
and
made
fit
and
capable
to
produce
a
Chicken
.
And
this
Faculty
the
Cock
imparts
by
his
Geniture
,
discharged
in
Coition
;
not
onely
to
the
Egge
which
is
then
begun
,
or
already
made
,
but
to
the
Womb
also
,
and
the
Ovary
,
and
likewise
to
the
Hen
her self
:
and
that
after
such
a
manner
,
that
the
egges
which
are
yet
to
come
(
of
which
there
is
now
no
particle
in
being
either
in
the
Ovary
,
or
any
other
part
of
the
Body
)
shall
have
the
happinesse
to
be
fruitful
by
it
.
Nor
after
that
manner
which
Physitians
phansie
.
EXER
.
XXXII
.
THe
Conception
according
to
the
opinion
of
Physitians
is
thus
:
In
Coition
the
Male
and
Female
being
both
delighted
,
do
eject
their
Geniture
,
or
Seed
into
the
Cavity
of
the
Womb
;
and
there
their
united
stock
or
contribution
is
mingled
together
;
obtaining
from
both
the
potentiality
of
Matter
,
and
the
activity
or
force
of
the
Efficient
cause
.
And
that
so
it
comes
to
passe
,
as
the
Geniture
of
this
or
that
Parent
shall
get
the
upper
hand
,
the
conception
proves
either
Male
or
Female
.
And
they
farther
suppose
,
that
immediately
after
Coition
(
the
Active
and
Passive
ingredients
now
cooperating
together
)
something
of
the
Conception
is
put
in
●and
,
and
begun
.
They
still
affirming
,
contrary
to
those
who
side
with
Aristotle
,
that
the
Male
is
no
more
the
Efficient
cause
of
Generation
,
then
the
Female
,
but
something
compounded
of
them
both
:
&
likewise
,
that
neither
the
Menstruous
Blood
,
nor
the
purest
part
of
it
;
but
the
Sperm
it self
is
the
first
Matter
of
the
Conception
:
and
upon
this
ground
,
they
call
the
first
ground-works
,
or
first
parts
of
the
Conception
,
Spermatical
Parts
;
which
are
afterwards
to
be
nourished
and
supplied
by
Blood
.
But
the
thing
is
plain
,
that
this
also
is
not
the
manner
,
by
which
the
egge
is
produced
by
the
Cock
and
Henne
.
For
the
Hen
doth
emit
no
Seed
at
all
in
Coition
,
out
of
which
the
egge
may
bee
framed
:
nay
more
then
this
,
there
is
no
part
of
her
Seed
to
be
any
where
found
:
for
she
is
quite
destitute
of
all
parts
necessary
to
the
Generation
of
Seed
;
namely
,
of
Testicles
,
and
Spermatical
Vessels
.
For
though
the
Hen
hath
an
Efficient
power
together
with
the
Cock
,
(
as
appears
by
our
former
discourse
)
and
that
power
which
renders
the
egge
fertile
,
be
in
some
sort
a
mixt
power
;
yet
this
proceeds
not
from
the
over-ruling
force
of
the
Genitures
,
or
from
the
manner
of
their
mixture
:
for
it
is
very
certain
(
and
Fabricius
confesses
it
)
that
the
Cocks
Seed
enters
not
into
the
Cavity
of
the
Womb
:
nor
is
there
any
particle
of
the
egge
made
in
the
Womb
presently
upon
Coition
;
though
Aristotle
generally
affirms
there
is
,
(
saying
,
that
some
part
of
the
Conception
doth
forthwith
insue
)
Nay
I
shall
demonstrate
hereafter
,
that
this
commixture
of
Seeds
doth
never
obtain
in
any
Animal
whatsoever
;
and
that
presently
after
Coition
(
though
it
succeed
and
be
fruitful
)
there
is
no
particle
of
Seed
,
or
Blood
or
of
any
begun
or
attempted
Conception
,
really
in
the
Womb
,
or
to
be
found
there
.
Nor
is
there
in
truth
any
thing
to
be
discerned
,
in
the
Conception
or
Egge
,
that
may
any
ways
argue
the
Seed
the
Male
to
be
conteined
,
or
mingled
in
it
.
The
Common
people
indeed
do
falsly
conceive
,
that
the
Chalazae
are
the
Cocks
Seed
:
and
I
much
wonder
,
that
since
there
are
two
of
them
(
in
each
extremity
of
the
egge
,
one
,
)
that
no
man
hath
hither
to
fondly
pronounced
,
that
the
one
was
the
Cock
,
and
the
other
the
Hens
Seed
.
But
this
popular
error
is
soon
blown
over
;
for
the
Chalazae
are
a
like
manner
found
,
both
in
the
Subventaneous
,
and
Fertile
egge
.
That
both
the
Male
and
Female
,
are
the
Efficients
of
Generation
.
EXERCIT.
XXXIII
.
THe
Physitians
do
rightly
maintain
against
the
Aristotelians
,
that
both
Sexes
participate
●●
the
Efficient
power
;
because
that
which
is
generated
,
is
a
thing
compounded
of
them
both
:
for
it
is
mixt
of
them
both
,
in
the
figure
and
similitude
of
the
Body
,
and
in
the
Species
too
;
as
suppose
it
a
thing
mixt
between
a
Partridge-Cock
,
and
a
Dunghil-Hen
.
And
it
is
very
consonant
to
reason
,
for
a
man
to
conceive
,
that
those
are
the
Efficient
causes
of
a
Conception
,
whose
com-m●●ture
that
which
is
produced
,
doth
represent
and
express
.
And
this
is
Aristotles
opinion
.
In
some
creatures
,
saith
he
,
it
is
apparent
that
,
that
which
generates
is
Metaphys
.
l.
7.
c.
8.
such
like
,
as
that
which
is
generated
:
and
yet
not
the
●ame
,
not
that
very
numerical
thing
,
but
of
the
same
Species
,
as
in
natural
productions
.
For
a
Man
begets
●
man
,
unless
something
befal
praeturnatural
;
as
when
●●
Horse
begets
a
Mule
,
and
the
like
.
For
that
which
is
common
to
a
Horse
and
an
Ass
,
is
not
called
Propinquissimum
genus
,
the
Next
Kind
:
and
yet
they
two
may
be
commixed
in
one
,
for
such
is
a
Mule
.
And
in
the
same
place
he
saith
;
The
Generant
is
sufficient
to
generate
,
and
be
the
cause
of
the
existence
of
the
Species
in
the
matter
:
but
such
a
Species
being
now
in
such
particular
flesh
and
Bones
,
is
now
several
persons
,
is
Callias
,
and
Socrates
are
.
Wherefore
since
such
an
entire
forme
,
as
namely
of
a
Mule
,
is
mixt
of
both
;
namely
,
Horse
and
Asse
:
the
Horse
alone
is
not
sufficient
to
produce
this
form
of
a
Mule
in
the
Matter
;
but
as
the
whole
entire
form
is
mixt
,
so
another
efficient
cause
must
be
conferred
and
joyned
to
it
from
the
Asse
.
That
therefore
that
doth
produce
a
Mule
mixed
of
both
,
must
be
it self
adequate
,
and
mixed
too
,
if
it
be
Univocal
.
As
for
example
.
This
Man
and
that
Woman
,
do
beget
this
Socrates
;
not
under
the
capacity
of
being
both
of
them
Homines
,
Men
,
and
so
are
of
one
and
the
same
species
;
but
by
reason
,
that
this
particular
Man
,
and
that
particular
Woman
,
are
of
humane
kind
,
composed
of
this
and
that
particular
flesh
,
and
bones
:
of
both
which
since
socrates
is
a
kind
of
Mixture
,
and
is
mingled
of
them
both
;
that
of
which
Socrates
is
made
,
must
needs
be
as
it
were
a
compounded
Univocal
mixt
●●ing
;
that
is
to
say
,
the
mixt
Efficient
of
a
mixt
Effect
.
And
therefore
the
Male
and
Female
,
are
not
generative
apart
,
but
as
they
are
united
in
Coition
,
and
made
,
as
it
were
,
one
entire
Animals
and
thence
from
them
both
,
as
from
one
,
the
true
efficient
immediate
cause
of
the
Conception
doth
result
,
and
is
deduced
.
The
Physitians
also
,
while
they
,
minding
onely
what
befalls
humane
kind
,
give
resolutions
at
large
concerning
Generation
in
general
;
and
it
seeming
probable
to
them
,
that
the
Geniture
flowing
in
Coition
from
both
Parents
,
is
the
true
Sperme
or
Seed
,
proportionable
to
the
Seed
of
Plants
;
doe
not
without
reason
constitute
that
mixture
which
is
the
next
efficient
cause
of
the
future
Foetus
,
out
of
the
mixture
of
the
Seed
of
both
Parents
:
and
therefore
affirme
,
that
such
a
mixt
body
is
conteined
in
the
Womb
presently
upon
Coition
,
and
is
the
first
Conception
.
But
our
precedent
History
makes
it
appear
,
that
the
thing
is
clean
otherwise
in
an
Egge
(
which
is
a
true
Conception
.
)
Concerning
the
Matter
of
the
Egge
,
contrary
to
Physitians
and
Aristotelians
.
EXERCIT.
XXXIV
.
THat
which
Physitians
deny
in
opposition
to
the
Aristotelians
,
namely
that
the
Blood
is
the
First
Matter
of
the
Conception
,
doth
evidently
appear
out
of
the
Generation
of
the
Egge
.
For
there
is
no
Blood
at
all
conteined
in
the
Womb
of
the
Hen
,
either
in
Coition
,
or
before
,
or
after
it
:
Nor
are
the
Rudiments
of
the
Egge
sanguine
,
but
white
.
And
many
living
Creatures
conceive
,
in
whose
Genitals
(
if
you
open
them
nimbly
)
not
one
drop
of
Blood
is
to
be
seen
.
But
while
they
contend
,
that
the
Mothers
Blood
is
the
Nutriment
of
the
Foetus
in
the
Womb
,
especially
of
the
Partes
Sanguineae
,
the
bloody
parts
(
as
they
call
them
)
and
that
the
Foetus
at
first
,
as
if
it
were
a
part
of
the
Mother
,
is
sustained
by
her
blood
,
and
quickened
by
her
spirits
:
in
so
much
that
the
Heart
beats
not
,
and
the
Liver
sanguifies
not
;
nor
any
part
of
the
foetus
doth
execute
any
publick
function
;
but
all
of
them
make
Holy-day
and
lie
idle
;
in
this
Experience
it selfe
confutes
them
.
For
the
Chicken
in
the
egge
enjoyes
his
own
Blood
,
which
is
bred
of
the
liquors
contained
within
the
egge
;
and
his
Heart
hath
its
motion
from
the
very
beginning
:
and
he
borrowth
nothing
,
either
blood
,
or
spirits
,
from
the
Hen
,
towards
the
Constitution
either
of
the
Sanguineous
parts
,
or
Plumes
;
as
those
that
strictly
observe
it
may
plainly
perceive
.
And
I
make
no
question
,
fully
to
demonstrate
in
my
succeeding
Observations
,
that
the
foetus
of
Viviparous
creatures
,
while
they
are
yet
imprisoned
in
the
Womb
,
are
no
way
sustained
by
the
Mothers
blood
,
nor
vegetated
by
her
spirits
,
but
do
rejoice
in
their
own
Soules
and
indowments
,
(
as
the
Chicken
uses
to
do
in
the
egg
)
and
sate
themselves
from
their
owne
stocke
of
Blood
.
But
as
for
that
which
concerns
the
Matter
of
the
foetus
,
arising
from
Male
and
Female
,
and
that
so
magnified
manner
of
Generation
,
so
much
countenanced
by
the
confident
Schools
(
namely
,
that
the
Conception
is
rendered
prolifical
from
the
com●●sture
of
the
Genitures
,
and
their
mutual
Action
and
Passion
)
as
also
those
other
Heresies
of
their
concerning
the
Seed
of
Females
,
and
concerning
the
division
of
Parts
into
Spermatical
,
and
Sanguineous
;
many
,
and
those
very
remarkable
and
excellent
observations
,
which
shall
be
treated
●●
hereafter
,
have
compelled
me
to
dissent
from
them
.
I
shall
at
present
say
onely
this
,
that
I
extreamly
wonder
,
how
Physitians
(
especially
such
as
are
skilfull
Anatomists
)
should
prop
up
their
opinion
upon
two
arguments
,
as
most
invincible
●
when
those
very
arguments
,
if
rightly
understood
●
do
make
against
them
rather
.
As
for
Instance
.
From
that
Concussion
,
Solution
and
Profusion
of
Humour
(
which
befalls
Women
many
times
with
delight
,
in
Coition
)
they
conclude●
that
all
Women
do
emit
a
Semen
in
Coition
,
and
that
that
Semen
is
necessary
to
Generation
.
Whereas
,
to
passe
by
this
reply
,
namely
,
that
the
Female
of
all
Animals
,
nay
all
Women
have
not
such
a
Profusion
;
and
that
it
is
no
way
necessary
that
th●●
Conception
must
be
frustrate
without
it
:
(
for
●
know
many
Women
that
are
Mothers
without
it
,
and
some
also
,
which
upon
having
it
,
were
indeed
much
affected
with
enjoyment
,
but
came
much
short
of
their
former
fruitfulnesse
:
Besides
infinite
and
innumerable
examples
of
Women
,
wh●●
though
they
receive
much
satisfaction
by
their
Husbands
,
do
yet
emit
nothing
,
but
do
conceive
how
ever
)
But
I
most
admire
that
those
,
who
com●
this
Emission
necessary
to
Propágation
,
did
not
mind
how
that
humour
is
ejected
clean
out
,
and
lost
for
the
most
part
neer
the
Clitoris
,
and
out●●●
of
the
Secrets
;
but
is
seldom
admitted
into
them
and
never
into
the
Uterus
,
that
so
it
may
be
come
mixt
with
the
Sperma
of
the
Male
;
and
that
it
also
of
an
Ichorous
,
and
Serous
consistence
,
〈◊〉
is
,
and
not
so
Compact
and
Unctuous
as
●●
Geniture
,
which
the
very
touch
denoteth
.
Now
wherefore
should
that
be
excluded
out
of
〈◊〉
,
which
is
of
so
great
consequence
within
?
〈◊〉
that
humour
,
under
pretence
of
departure
,
thrown
out
to
the
utmost
approaches
of
the
U●●
,
that
so
it
may
be
recalled
again
with
the
●●ter
bounty
and
favour
?
Another
Argument
they
erect
upon
the
Spermatical
Organs
of
Women
;
namely
,
the
Testiculi
,
and
●●
Spermatical
preparing
,
and
leading
Vessels
,
which
〈◊〉
supposed
to
conduce
to
the
Generation
of
the
〈◊〉
.
But
for
my
part
I
wonder
much
,
how
they
fan●●
that
so
elaborate
,
concocted
,
and
quickening
●●men
,
can
arise
from
so
imperfect
and
obscure
〈◊〉
,
so
that
,
that
of
theirs
(
when
the
controversie
concerning
the
preeminence
and
overruling
●●wer
is
in
debate
;
namely
,
whether
the
Males
or
●eirs
commands
in
chief
,
and
which
of
the
two
●●
to
be
reputed
the
Efficient
,
or
Agent
,
or
the
Mat●●
,
or
Patient
)
should
exceed
the
Males
in
power
,
〈◊〉
,
and
generative
ability
;
and
should
subject
the
Males
seed
under
it
,
inforcing
it
to
submit
it self
to
supply
the
place
of
the
Material
Cause
,
notwithstanding
it
is
digested
by
so
quick
&
active
●heat
,
refined
in
such
variety
of
Vessels
,
and
daring
it self
with
so
much
activity
.
But
of
these
more
hereafter
.
In
the
mean
time
it
is
most
certain
,
that
the
hen-egge
is
generated
by
no
such
conjugal
Profu●●●
:
though
the
Mother
after
recreation
(
as
one
●ished
with
delight
)
shakes
her
feathers
for
Ioy
,
●nd
as
if
she
grew
proud
from
the
Boone
she
received
,
composeth
and
rectifieth
all
her
extravagant
〈◊〉
:
like
one
that
adored
the
deity
for
the
grand
benediction
of
multiplying
issues
.
Tha●
Pigeon
(
especially
that
kind
of
Pigeon
which
〈◊〉
transported
hither
out
of
Africa
)
expresseth
wonderful
content
from
the
enioyment
of
her
Male
,
leaping
,
and
spreading
her
taile
,
and
sweeping
the
low
earth
with
the
bristles
of
it
,
and
them
combing
and
rectifying
her
Plumes
with
her
Bill
;
as
though
she
deemed
nothing
comparable
to
the
blessing
of
fertility
.
We
have
said
before
,
that
the
first
matter
of
the
Egge
is
not
formed
of
Blood
,
as
Aristotle
thought
;
nor
yet
as
the
Physitians
conjecture
,
out
of
the
commixture
of
the
Males
and
Females
Geniture
.
But
from
whence
we
do
derive
it
,
is
partly
already
shewen
in
our
History
,
and
shall
be
more
largely
explained
hereafter
,
when
we
treat
in
generall
of
the
matter
which
doth
constitute
every
foetus
.
How
far
the
Henne
is
an
Efficient
Cause
in
the
Generation
of
the
Egge
,
according
to
Aristotle
:
and
why
the
assistance
of
the
Male
is
required
.
EXER
.
XXXV
.
WE
have
already
proved
the
Cock
and
Henne
to
be
the
two
Principles
of
Generation
in
regard
of
the
Egge
,
though
we
are
otherwise
p●●●
swaded
of
the
manner
how
it
comes
to
passe
,
〈◊〉
Aristotle
and
Physitians
are
.
For
we
have
made
it
manifest
out
of
the
generation
of
the
Egge
,
that
the
Hen
as
well
as
the
Cock
is
an
efficient
cause
,
and
hath
in
her
a
principle
from
whence
the
mutation
suceeds
,
and
also
a
constituting
faculty
:
though
●
Coition
,
neither
the
Cock
doth
confer
matter
to
●●e
Egge
,
nor
doth
any
profusion
of
seed
result
●●om
the
Hen
,
by
which
the
Egg
should
arise
.
It
●●
therefore
evident
,
that
nature
(
amongst
some
Animals
at
least
)
did
not
therefore
institute
a
distinction
of
Sexes
;
that
the
one
(
as
an
Agent
)
should
contribute
the
form
,
and
the
other
(
as
the
Patient
)
the
matter
,
as
Aristotle
did
conceive
:
nor
that
a
semen
should
result
from
both
in
coition
,
that
about
of
the
mixture
of
them
,
a
Conception
,
or
Egg
should
be
framed
,
as
Physitians
imagine
.
Now
since
these
two
opinions
doe
comprehend
the
whole
Legend
of
Antiquity
,
concerning
the
causes
and
principles
of
Generation
:
it
appears
that
all
men
were
hitherto
ignorant
of
the
reason
,
doth
why
the
female
doth
not
generate
alone
by
her selfe
(
as
Plants
doe
)
but
requires
the
assocition
of
the
male
:
and
also
how
the
conception
,
or
●gge
is
procreated
both
by
male
and
female
thus
enjoyned
:
and
likewise
in
what
either
of
them
enduce
to
the
work
,
and
to
what
end
and
purpose
coition
was
instituted
.
Aristotle
,
contrary
to
his
own
universal
Hypostasis
(
namely
,
That
the
male
is
the
Agent
,
and
the
female
only
for
the
matters
sake
)
perceiving
the
egg
●●
proceed
from
the
Hen
without
any
help
of
the
●ack
at
all
,
was
inforced
to
subscribe
,
that
the
female
also
is
an
efficient
cause
:
and
that
the
Egge
,
●hen
it
is
excluded
,
doth
conserve
,
nourish
,
and
●●ment
it selfe
,
and
produce
a
foetus
out
of
it
〈◊〉
:
(
as
the
egges
,
or
spawn
of
fishes
doe
)
and
therefore
he
concludes
,
that
there
is
also
a
soule
even
in
a
subventaneous
,
barren
egg
.
And
how
far
forth
the
Female
is
an
Efficient
,
and
also
a
subventaneous
egge
informed
by
a
soule
,
he
attempts
to
explain
,
where
he
saith
.
Subventaneous
eggs
admit
Generation
as
far
as
they
may
;
but
that
they
de
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
7.
should
be
compleated
to
the
very
fecundity
of
an
Animal
,
is
quite
impossible
;
for
to
that
a
sensitive
soule
is
required
.
But
even
females
,
and
all
things
that
live
at
all
do
obtain
the
vegetative
faculty
of
the
soul
,
as
hath
bin
often
repeated
.
And
therefore
this
barren
egg
considered
as
the
conception
of
a
Plant
,
is
compleat
,
but
considered
as
an
Animals
,
it
is
incompleat
.
By
which
words
he
seems
to
consent
,
that
the
Vegetative
soule
is
also
in
the
very
subventaneous
egge
,
because
that
soule
is
in
all
living
things
;
now
an
egge
doth
live
.
He
also
allowes
the
Hen
a
creating
Prerogative
,
and
a
power
of
inducing
a
Vegetative
soule
:
because
all
females
have
that
priviledge
:
and
therefore
a
subventaneous
egge
considered
under
the
capacity
of
a
Plant
,
and
living
as
that
doth
,
is
stiled
a
perfect
conception
,
but
under
the
rank
of
Animals
,
an
imperfect
one
.
A●
if
the
male
were
no
whit
requisite
to
the
being
of
the
perfect
conception
or
egge
,
but
onely
that
,
out
of
that
egg
an
Animal
might
proceed
:
Not
to
the
complement
of
the
egge
,
in
order
to
any
perquisite
relating
to
its
own
perfection
(
for
the
conceptions
of
plants
themselves
are
in
this
sense
compleat
)
but
that
it
may
be
endowed
with
a●
Animal
principle
.
So
then
,
the
Egg
is
made
by
the
Hen
,
but
is
made
prolifical
by
the
Cock
.
Aristatle
in
the
same
place
goes
on
:
In
all
the
Genealogy
●●
Birds
,
there
is
a
male
and
a
female
;
so
that
a
Hen
may
make
her
conception
perfect
,
as
a
Plant
,
though
is
be
unalterod
by
coition
:
but
as
an
Animal
,
she
cannot
perfect
it
;
nor
can
she
impower
it
to
produce
any
other
thing
out
of
it
.
Nor
is
it
rendred
as
the
fruit
of
a
Plant
simply
,
nor
as
of
an
Animal
,
by
coition
.
He
sreaks
of
a
subventaneous
egg
:
and
addes
further
:
But
those
eggs
which
are
conceived
by
coition
,
and
are
〈◊〉
discovered
to
have
obtained
some
portion
of
the
White
,
they
becom
fruitful
by
virtue
of
that
Cock
who
was
first
concerned
in
coition
;
for
they
are
now
furnished
with
both
Principles
.
Whereby
he
seems
to
confess
,
that
the
Female
also
is
an
Efficient
in
Generation
,
or
hath
a
generative
power
;
because
every
female
hath
a
vegetative
●●ule
:
now
generation
is
a
faculty
of
the
vegetative
soule
.
And
upon
this
ground
,
when
he
propounds
the
difference
between
the
male
and
female
,
he
even
there
owns
them
to
be
Generative
〈◊〉
:
for
he
saith
,
We
call
that
animal
the
male
,
which
begets
or
generates
in
another
,
and
that
the
female
,
which
generates
in
it self
.
And
therefore
according
to
Him
,
both
doe
Generate
;
and
as
have
is
in
both
a
vegetative
soul
,
so
is
there
in
both
Generative
power
.
But
how
these
differ
,
hath
been
●●ved
before
in
the
History
of
the
Egge
.
Name●●
the
Hen
,
alone
by
her self
,
without
any
assistance
of
the
Cock
,
Generates
a
subventaneous
egg
,
(
as
〈◊〉
do
from
themselves
produce
a
fruit
)
but
she
〈◊〉
not
produce
a
fortile
egge
,
with
out
either
●●
antecedent
,
or
subsequent
Coition
of
the
Cock
.
the
female
doth
generate
,
but
it
is
only
in
some
〈◊〉
;
and
the
males
coition
is
required
,
that
that
●●rative
faculty
should
be
perfected
in
the
female
:
that
so
she
may
not
only
bring
forth
an
〈◊〉
,
but
such
an
egge
that
may
produce
a
chicken
.
〈◊〉
for
this
defect
in
the
females
generation
,
the
〈◊〉
seems
to
have
been
created
(
as
shall
herein
appeare
)
that
so
what
the
female
cannot
compleat
alone
,
(
namely
the
seed
,
or
fertile
egge
)
that
the
male
should
supply
by
coition
;
wherein
he
doth
impart
that
power
either
to
the
Hen
,
or
the
Egge
.
A
perfect
Henne-egge
hath
two
Colours
.
EXERCIT.
XXXVI
.
ALl
eggs
therefore
are
not
perfect
eggs
;
but
some
are
reputed
imperfect
,
because
they
have
not
yet
attained
their
just
magnitude
,
which
they
afterwards
doe
receive
abroad
:
And
others
,
be-because
they
are
yet
improlifical
,
and
afterward
doe
borrow
a
prolifical
power
from
without
;
as
Fishes
eggs
,
or
the
spawn
of
fishes
.
Other
eggs
also
,
are
by
Aristotle
counted
imperfect
,
because
they
are
of
one
colour
onely
;
but
those
that
are
of
two
colours
,
perfect
,
as
being
constituted
of
a
Yolk
and
White
:
which
are
conceived
to
be
more
distinct
,
better
concocted
,
and
endowed
with
more
heat
.
And
therefore
those
that
are
called
Ov●
Centenina
,
which
Fabricius
conceits
to
be
onely
constituted
of
the
Reliques
and
Remainders
of
Now
Aristotle
gives
this
reason
why
it
comes
to
De
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
1.
pass
that
some
Eggs
are
of
two
colours
,
and
others
of
one
only
:
because
,
saith
He
,
in
hotter
Animals
those
things
out
of
which
the
rudiments
of
Generation
,
and
those
out
of
which
the
Aliment
is
derived
,
are
always
distinct
and
apart
:
and
of
them
one
is
white
,
and
the
other
yellow
.
As
if
the
Chicken
took
its
life
from
the
White
,
and
were
onely
fed
by
the
Yolk
.
And
in
the
same
place
he
saith
.
That
part
of
it
which
is
hot
,
doth
more
resemble
the
complexion
of
the
parts
that
are
to
be
made
;
but
that
which
is
the
more
terrene
part
,
affords
onely
supply
to
the
body
,
and
keeps
at
greater
distance
from
it
.
And
therefore
in
eggs
that
have
two
colours
,
the
Animal
assumes
its
beginning
from
the
White
.
For
the
Animal
rudiment
is
in
the
White
,
and
the
nourishment
is
derived
from
the
Yolk
.
Therefore
we
see
his
opinion
is
,
that
the
foresaid
Liquors
are
distinct
,
and
that
eggs
are
produced
party-coloured
.
And
these
Assertions
of
his
,
are
partly
true
,
and
partly
false
.
For
it
is
false
,
that
the
Chicken
is
made
out
of
the
White
,
and
fed
by
the
Yolk
.
For
by
our
History
of
the
Fabrick
of
the
Chicken
,
both
from
the
dissemination
of
the
Umbilical
Vessels
,
and
the
distribution
of
their
propagations
,
which
without
all
question
doe
serve
for
the
attraction
of
the
Aliment
,
it
is
most
manifest
that
both
the
constituting
matter
and
the
Aliment
,
are
from
the
first
original
supplied
both
from
the
yolk
and
white
;
for
some
part
of
both
these
liquors
doth
melt
and
dissolve
.
And
also
the
Macula
,
by
whose
first
dilatation
the
Colliquamentum
is
made
,
which
is
also
stiled
by
us
the
Oculus
,
or
Eye
of
the
Egge
,
is
plainly
seen
to
be
imprinted
into
the
〈◊〉
of
the
Yolk
.
And
yet
for
all
this
,
the
distinction
of
the
egg
into
the
yolk
&
white
doth
seem
to
be
very
necessary
:
because
those
two
Liquors
,
as
they
are
without
all
doubt
of
a
diverse
nature
,
so
doe
they
serve
to
a
diverse
use
.
And
that
is
the
reason
why
they
are
distinct
in
every
perfect
egg
;
one
of
them
being
the
Aliment
which
is
next
at
hand
,
and
the
other
,
that
which
is
farther
off
:
with
the
one
the
foetus
is
sustained
at
its
first
formation
,
with
the
other
in
succeeding
time
.
For
it
is
most
unquestionable
(
as
Fabricius
affirmes
truly
,
and
we
also
shall
explain
anon
)
that
both
the
Yolk
and
White
are
the
Aliment
of
the
chicken
,
and
th●●
the
White
is
first
spent
.
Wherefore
I
agree
with
Aristotle
against
the
Physitians
,
that
the
White
is
the
most
sincere
,
most
concocted
,
and
elaborate
part
of
the
Egge
:
and
therefore
as
being
the
better
part
,
it
encompasseth
the
whole
circumference
of
the
egge
,
which
is
yet
in
the
Wombe
,
whilest
the
Yolke
as
the
more
terrestrial
part
doth
reside
in
the
Center
.
For
the
White
seemes
to
containe
〈◊〉
plenteous
animal
heat
in
it
,
and
therefore
to
be
the
neerer
and
first
nourishment
.
And
so
also
upon
the
same
account
,
the
exteriour
part
of
the
White
,
seems
to
be
more
simple
,
and
better
concocted
,
then
the
interiour
.
In
that
Physitians
affirme
,
that
the
Yolke
is
the
hotter
part
of
the
egge
,
and
most
nourishing
,
I
conceive
they
understand
it
,
in
relation
to
us
,
as
it
is
become
our
nourishment
,
not
as
if
it
doth
supply
more
congruous
aliment
to
the
chicken
in
the
Egge
.
And
this
appeares
out
of
our
History
of
the
Fabrick
of
the
Chicken
:
which
doth
first
〈◊〉
upon
and
devoure
the
thinner
part
of
the
white
,
before
the
grosser
:
as
if
it
were
more
proper
diet
,
and
did
more
easily
submit
to
transmutation
into
the
substance
of
the
future
foetus
.
And
therefore
the
yolk
seems
to
be
a
remoter
and
more
differred
entertainment
then
the
white
;
for
all
the
white
is
quite
and
clean
spent
,
before
any
notable
invasion
is
made
upon
the
yolk
.
Nay
,
the
yolk
is
found
in
the
Abdomen
of
the
Chicken
,
even
after
his
exclusion
,
as
if
it
were
reserved
for
the
Infant
-
chicken
instead
of
Milk
.
The
two-coloured
egges
therefore
are
most
perfect
,
as
being
more
distinct
and
wrought
up
by
a
more
vigorous
heat
.
For
since
there
ought
to
be
treasured
in
the
egge
not
onely
the
matter
of
the
Chicken
,
but
his
first
feeding
too
:
that
which
is
provided
for
a
perfect
animal
,
ought
it self
to
be
perfect
too
;
and
such
is
that
egge
which
consists
of
two
distinct
complexioned
parts
:
whereof
the
one
is
the
former
,
and
more
simple
,
and
therefore
of
gentler
digestion
;
the
other
the
latter
,
or
more
remote
,
and
therefore
translated
into
the
substance
of
the
Chicken
with
more
difficulty
;
(
now
the
yolk
and
white
are
thus
different
amongst
themselves
)
and
therefore
Perfect
egges
are
Party-coloured
,
compounded
of
a
white
and
yolk
:
as
containing
and
storing
up
in
them
several
provisions
of
harder
or
more
friendly
digestion
,
according
to
the
several
age
and
ability
of
the
Chicken
.
How
the
Egge
is
supplied
with
its
White
.
EXER
.
XXXVII
.
IT
appears
by
our
History
that
the
primordia
of
the
eggs
in
the
Ovary
are
wondrous
litle
,
resembling
small
whelks
,
and
lesse
then
the
seed
of
Millet
,
being
full
of
a
white
watry
moisture
:
and
that
these
Papulae
,
or
whelks
do
at
length
shoot
up
into
yolks
,
and
that
those
yolks
are
at
last
invested
and
cloathed
with
a
white
.
Aristotle
seemes
to
be
of
opinion
,
that
the
white
is
generated
out
of
the
yolk
by
way
of
Separation
.
Let
us
read
his
words
:
The
Sex
,
saith
he
,
is
not
the
de
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
1.
cause
of
the
party-colours
,
as
if
the
white
did
proceed
from
the
Male
,
and
the
yolk
from
the
Female
;
but
both
are
derived
from
the
female
or
Hen.
But
one
is
hot
,
and
the
other
cold
.
And
in
those
creatures
that
have
good
store
of
heat
,
they
are
distinguished
from
one
another
;
but
where
that
heat
is
fainter
,
they
are
not
distinguished
.
And
for
that
reason
the
conceptions
of
such
Animals
are
of
one
onely
colour
,
as
is
said
.
Now
the
Males
seed
onely
doth
constitute
the
egge
:
and
therefore
at
first
the
conception
of
all
Birds
is
white
,
and
small
,
but
in
process
of
time
,
it
is
all
yellow
,
because
now
a
larger
quantity
of
blood
is
admixed
;
and
lastly
,
the
heat
abating
,
the
whiter
part
environs
it
round
,
as
being
a
humor
equally
tempered
on
all
sides
.
For
the
white
part
of
the
egge
is
naturally
moist
,
containing
in
it
an
animal
warmth
,
and
therefore
it
is
placed
about
the
egge
,
and
the
yellow
earthy
part
remains
within
.
But
Fabricius
conceives
,
The
White
of
the
Egge
to
grow
to
the
yolk
by
a
juxt
aposition
meerly
.
For
while
,
the
yolk
rowleth
through
the
second
Uterus
,
and
falls
down
by
degrees
,
it
doth
by
degrees
gather
to
●
a
part
of
the
White
,
which
is
purposely
generated
in
the
Uterus
,
that
it
may
cleave
to
the
yolk
;
untill
the
●●lke
having
now
passed
the
intervening
or
middle
●●ires
,
and
arriving
at
the
last
of
all
;
it
is
together
with
the
White
encompassed
with
the
membranes
also
,
and
thou
assumes
a
shell
.
He
conceits
therefore
,
that
the
egge
attaines
its
increase
in
a
twofold
manner
;
partly
by
the
Veines
,
as
it
is
with
the
yolke
,
and
partly
by
an
additional
accession
or
apposition
,
as
it
is
with
the
White
.
And
this
perhaps
did
induce
him
to
be
of
that
judgement
;
namely
,
because
the
White
being
boyled
hard
,
doth
easily
part
and
distinguish
into
●●kes
,
whereof
the
one
lyes
above
the
other
.
But
his
also
doth
befall
the
yolk
not
yet
departed
from
the
Ovary
,
if
it
be
hard
boyled
as
the
former
.
And
therefore
being
otherwise
instructed
by
Experience
,
I
rather
join
in
opinion
with
Aristotle
;
for
the
White
is
not
adjoined
(
as
Fabricius
would
●●ave
it
)
but
bred
also
,
and
furnisht
with
the
Chalazae
,
and
distinguished
by
several
membranes
,
and
divided
into
two
white
liquors
:
and
all
this
,
by
the
same
vegetative
soul
,
by
whose
industry
the
Egge
it self
is
distinguished
into
two
liquors
,
(
a
yolk
and
a
white
.
)
For
every
part
of
the
Egge
is
formed
and
constituted
by
the
same
faculty
which
frames
the
whole
Egge
.
Nor
is
it
true
,
that
the
yolk
is
first
made
,
and
then
the
white
adjoyned
to
it
.
For
,
what
wee
see
in
the
Ovary
,
is
not
the
yolke
of
an
egge
,
but
rather
some
compound
,
comprehending
both
liquors
mixed
together
.
It
resembles
the
yolk
indeed
in
complexion
,
but
the
white
in
considence
:
for
being
boyled
hard
,
it
is
not
friable
(
as
the
yolk
is
)
but
concrete
and
glutinous
,
and
consisting
of
several
flakes
,
as
the
White
,
and
hath
as
it
were
a
white
Papula
,
or
whelk
in
the
〈◊〉
.
Aristotle
seems
to
erect
this
separation
from
〈◊〉
If
you
cast
diverse
egges
into
a
bason
,
or
such
like
〈◊〉
sel
,
and
prepare
them
over
a
Chafin-dish
of
coals
in
〈◊〉
sort
,
that
the
force
of
the
fire
be
not
nimbler
the●
〈◊〉
distinction
of
the
eggs
;
the
same
thing
will
befall
all
the
heap
of
eggs
,
as
happens
to
every
particular
eggs
namely
all
the
yolks
will
gather
and
assemble
themselves
into
the
middle
,
and
the
Whites
get
round
about
th●●
.
And
this
I
have
often
experimented
;
and
,
what
ever
will
,
may
try
it
:
provided
,
he
shake
the
y●●
and
whites
together
,
and
with
a
piece
of
butter
●●
gest
them
temperately
into
a
Cake
,
having
mingled
them
between
two
dishes
,
placed
over
a
Chafin-dish
of
coales
,
or
in
an
Oven
;
for
he
shall
pl●●●ly
see
the
whites
cover
the
yolks
which
are
assembled
at
the
bottom
.
What
the
Cock
and
Henne
do
conferr●
to
the
Generation
of
the
Egge
.
EXER
.
XXXVIII
.
BOth
Cock
and
Hen
are
to
be
reputed
the
Chikens
Parents
;
for
both
of
them
are
necessry
principles
of
the
Egge
,
and
both
alike
Efficient
causes
.
For
the
Egge
it self
is
the
Henns
work
,
a●
the
Fertility
the
Cocks
.
Both
are
therefore
Instruments
of
the
plastick
virtue
,
by
whose
meanes
th●
species
is
continued
to
the
world
.
But
since
in
some
Animal
species
(
as
if
the
〈◊〉
were
a
useless
thing
,
and
the
Female
alone
did
●●ffice
to
the
perpetuity
of
the
species
)
there
are
no
Males
to
be
found
at
all
,
but
the
whole
race
is
female
,
as
in
some
species
there
are
Males
onely
,
and
no
Females
at
all
to
be
found
;
for
they
do
all
by
an
emission
of
something
out
of
them
into
the
●●d
,
the
earth
,
or
water
,
progenerate
,
and
preserve
their
species
:
Nature
seemes
in
these
and
the
like
creatures
to
have
satisfied
her selfe
with
one
sex
only
,
using
that
alone
(
as
an
instrument
)
for
procreation
.
And
now
again
some
other
creatures
have
a
seed
provided
for
them
,
casually
as
it
were
,
without
any
distinction
of
sex
at
all
;
namely
those
creatures
whose
Birth
is
spontaneous
.
For
as
some
things
Arist.
phys.
l.
1.
c.
1.
are
the
productions
of
art
,
and
the
self
same
things
are
the
issues
of
chance
too
,
as
Health
,
for
one
:
So
likewise
some
kinde
of
Animal
seed
is
not
simply
produced
from
an
univocal
Agent
(
as
a
Man
from
a
Man
)
but
onely
in
some
sort
univocal
;
(
namely
in
all
those
creatures
whose
extract
and
matter
out
of
which
they
spring
,
is
casual
in
relation
to
them
,
and
yet
undergoes
a
mutation
of
it selfe
,
as
the
seed
doth
)
namely
,
Those
Animals
that
are
not
produced
by
coition
,
but
are
born
of
their
own
accord
,
are
produced
from
such
an
original
as
Insects
have
,
which
breed
a
worm
.
For
as
some
Artificers
de
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
9.
work
with
their
bare
hands
,
but
others
again
use
instruments
in
all
their
operations
;
and
the
better
sort
and
more
excellent
Arts
do
imploy
instruments
of
several
figure
and
magnitude
,
to
the
execution
of
several
,
and
especially
of
the
more
curious
and
subtile
Operations
:
(
for
the
more
eminent
and
more
laborious
works
,
are
made
for
the
most
part
of
several
motions
,
and
doe
require
several
subordinate
productions
and
ends
;
&
in
this
thing
,
as
in
all
other
,
Art
is
Natures
Ape
,
and
Mimick
)
so
in
like
manner
Nature
doth
of
necessity
set
a
work
more
instruments
,
and
those
too
of
divers
faculties
and
abilities
,
in
the
production
of
the
more
perfect
,
and
more
excellent
Animals
.
For
the
Sun
,
or
the
Heavens
(
or
what
ever
else
is
understood
to
be
a
common
and
general
Father
in
the
production
of
living
creatures
)
do
produce
some
things
by
themselves
,
by
chance
,
and
as
it
were
without
imploying
any
intermediate
Instrument
,
by
an
equivocal
generation
,
and
yet
beget
some
onely
by
an
univocal
procreation
:
namely
all
those
,
that
are
begotten
by
some
other
of
the
same
kinde
,
which
doth
contribute
both
Matter
and
Form
to
them
.
And
thus
in
the
Generation
of
the
most
perfect
Animals
,
where
these
Principles
are
distinguished
,
and
these
seeds
of
the
Animals
are
distinct
:
the
Male
and
Female
are
the
two
necessary
requisite
Instruments
to
the
production
.
And
in
this
manner
is
our
Hen-egg
produced
from
the
Cock
and
Hen.
The
Henne
generates
in
her self
,
and
therefore
communicates
place
,
materialls
,
nourishment
,
and
cherishing
to
the
conception
;
but
the
Cock
conveighs
fecundity
:
For
the
Male
,
saith
Aristotle
,
doth
ever
Gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
3.
complete
the
generation
,
and
causeth
a
sensitive
soul
to
be
introduced
,
and
from
an
egge
creates
an
Animal
.
And
therefore
proper
Organs
for
both
faculties
are
dispersed
among
the
Cocks
and
Hens
.
Namely
in
the
Hen
,
all
the
Genital
parts
are
commodious
for
reception
,
and
containing
;
and
in
the
Cock
for
transferring
and
immission
,
or
preparing
of
that
thing
which
doth
conveigh
fecundity
to
the
Henne
,
he
being
one
that
generates
in
another
.
Now
,
having
made
strict
discovery
,
by
Anatomical
dissection
,
of
the
parts
sacred
to
Generation
,
we
well
know
,
what
both
Male
and
Female
doe
conferre
to
it
.
For
the
knowledge
of
the
Instruments
doth
lead
in
a
straight
line
,
to
their
functions
and
uses
.
Some
things
worthy
observation
concerning
the
Cock
.
EXERCIT.
XXXIX
.
THe
cock
(
as
we
have
shewed
you
)
is
the
Primary
Efficient
of
the
perfect
or
fertile
egge
,
and
the
main
cause
of
Generation
.
For
were
it
not
for
the
cock
,
a
chicken
could
never
spring
from
the
Egge
;
nor
the
Egge
it self
have
any
being
in
many
Oviparous
creatures
.
And
therefore
we
must
make
farther
search
concerning
the
Action
and
use
of
the
cock
,
namely
what
advantage
he
brings
to
the
egge
,
and
the
chicken
,
as
well
by
Coition
,
as
other
offices
.
It
is
evident
that
the
cock
(
though
,
as
I
suppose
,
he
wants
a
Yard
)
doth
emit
his
Geniture
,
commonly
called
Seed
,
as
may
be
collected
from
his
Genital
Parts
;
for
the
Testicles
are
furnished
with
it
,
and
there
is
great
abundance
of
it
discoverable
in
the
long
and
ample
Leading
Vessels
.
But
whether
it
leap
out
,
capering
,
and
frothy
by
the
activity
of
the
spirits
,
and
at
several
ejections
(
as
in
hotter
Viviparous
creatures
)
I
am
not
yet
able
to
resolve
.
But
because
I
can
finde
no
Vesicles
containing
the
Geniture
,
by
which
it
should
be
fermented
,
and
dart
forth
,
heightned
by
the
spirits
into
a
Spuma
,
or
froth
:
and
also
finding
no
Yard
through
whose
narrower
channel
it
being
protruded
,
it
might
leap
,
and
result
,
verberating
the
Interiours
of
the
Hen
,
especially
seeing
coition
in
Cocks
so
soon
over
;
I
rather
believe
,
that
there
is
onely
a
light
tincture
of
seminal
humour
,
such
as
doth
onely
moisten
the
Orifice
of
the
Pudenda
;
and
that
the
seed
is
speedily
dislodged
without
any
sprightly
exilition
:
so
that
,
what
other
Animals
do
ejaculate
by
several
reverberations
at
one
and
the
same
Inition
,
Birds
(
which
do
not
long
insist
upon
venereal
undertakings
)
do
expedite
by
many
repeated
Coitions
.
For
those
creatures
that
dwell
long
in
venereal
offices
,
do
make
but
feldom
repetitions
:
and
such
,
among
Birds
,
are
the
Swan
,
and
the
Ostrich
:
Because
the
Cock
therefore
cannot
stay
long
in
his
performances
,
he
doth
execute
that
at
several
returnes
,
which
other
creatures
do
at
several
impulses
.
And
though
he
neither
have
Glans
,
nor
Ponis
,
yet
the
extremity
of
the
deferent
Vessels
growing
turgent
by
spirits
(
in
Coition
)
doth
extuberate
after
the
manner
of
a
Glans
,
by
which
he
doth
compress
the
Orifice
of
the
Uterus
of
the
Henne
,
it
being
bared
and
exposed
by
the
apertion
of
the
Fundament
;
and
so
bedewing
it
with
genital
moisture
,
he
stands
in
no
need
of
a
Yard
for
the
immission
of
his
Geniture
.
Now
,
we
have
shewed
you
,
that
the
Cocks
Seed
is
of
so
great
vertue
,
that
it
doth
render
not
the
Uterus
onely
,
but
the
Egge
in
the
Uterus
,
the
Papula
in
the
Ovary
,
and
lastly
the
whole
Hen
her self
,
and
all
the
Rudiments
of
the
Eggs
,
either
already
in
being
,
or
to
be
produced
hereafter
,
fertile
and
Prolifical
.
And
therefore
Fabricius
rightly
observed
,
that
store
of
Geniture
was
intrusted
to
the
Testicles
,
and
deferent
Vessels
of
the
Cock
:
not
that
the
Hen
stands
want
of
much
of
it
to
fructifie
each
single
egge
;
at
that
one
Cock
may
approve
himself
sufficient
●●
his
severall
Concubines
,
and
repeated
performances
.
Now
the
brevity
and
rectitude
of
the
Cocks
spermatical
Vessels
do
conduce
to
the
nimbler
discharge
of
the
Seed
:
for
that
which
travels
through
long
and
perplexed
Meanders
,
makes
slower
passage
,
and
needs
a
more
copious
impulsive
spirit
to
quick●●
it
s
Exit
.
Amongst
the
Males
,
none
more
jovial
,
none
more
haughty
,
nor
of
stiffer
garbe
,
nor
more
effectual
in
concocting
his
food
,
then
the
Cock
,
a
great
part
of
whose
Aliment
is
transformed
into
●eniture
;
and
therefore
Polygamy
is
convenient
for
him
,
as
ten
or
twelve
obedient
Hens
.
For
in
some
species
of
Animals
,
one
single
Male
can
treat
●boudance
of
Females
,
as
we
may
see
Stags
,
Bucks
,
and
several
Cattel
:
and
there
are
others
againe
there
the
lusty
Female
is
not
satisfied
by
several
Males
;
as
the
Bitch
,
and
the
Wolf
;
upon
which
●ore
Meretrices
Lupae
dicuntur
,
Prostitutes
are
called
Wolves
,
and
Brothel-houses
Lupanaria
.
And
●gain
some
Creatures
are
more
chast
,
and
reserve
,
●s
it
were
,
a
Conjugal
integrity
:
so
that
one
Male
keeps
faith
with
one
Female
,
and
both
pro●●d
vertuously
to
propagate
their
kind
.
For
●●ce
Nature
requires
,
that
the
Male
should
supply
the
defects
of
the
Female
in
Generation
,
and
that
●●
alone
is
not
sufficient
to
sustain
,
cherish
,
and
defend
her
issue
,
the
Male
is
added
as
a
Consort
●o
her
,
who
should
joyn
in
the
task
of
generating
,
and
nurturing
the
Young
.
Thus
the
Partridges
enjoy
a
Conjugal
Life
,
and
because
their
〈◊〉
cannot
hatch
so
many
egges
at
once
,
nor
attend
the
education
when
the
Young
are
excluded
they
are
reported
to
build
each
of
them
a
N●●
.
And
so
the
cock-Pigeon
takes
his
turnes
of
Incubation
,
and
joynes
in
the
erection
and
fabrick
of
hi●
nest
,
and
likewise
in
laying
in
provision
for
he
off-spring
.
And
so
in
like
manner
you
may
discover
many
examples
of
a
Conjugal
life
among
bruit
beasts
,
of
which
more
hereafter
.
But
those
Males
that
serve
many
Females
(
a●
the
cock
)
their
Testicles
are
much
lined
with
Seminal
moisture
,
and
they
are
provided
with
long
and
large
deferent
Vessels
.
And
at
that
time
,
and
age
that
the
cluster
in
the
Ovary
begins
to
ripen
and
become
mature
,
and
stands
now
in
need
of
Fructifying
,
that
the
Papulae
may
be
perfected
into
Egges
,
the
cocks
seed
begins
to
encrease
,
and
hi●
Testicles
grow
turgent
and
tumorous
,
and
are
also
seated
in
the
same
place
(
namely
neer
the
Diaphragma
)
into
which
they
instil
fertility
.
And
this
is
evident
in
fishes
,
birds
,
and
all
other
Oviparous
creatures
,
whose
males
are
all
replenished
with
seed
,
at
the
same
time
,
and
place
,
whereat
their
females
do
conceive
their
egges
.
And
therefore
all
those
parts
of
the
Hen
which
are
designed
to
Generation
,
namely
,
the
Ovary
,
Infundibulum
,
the
process
of
the
Womb
,
and
the
Womb
it self
,
and
the
Privities
:
and
also
the
scituation
,
fabrick
,
quantity
,
and
Temper
of
all
these
,
and
what
soever
else
relates
thereto
:
they
are
all
inservient
,
and
handmaids
either
to
the
procreation
of
the
Egge
,
or
to
its
Augmentation
,
or
else
to
Coition
,
and
fertility
received
from
the
Male
,
or
to
the
foetus
:
to
which
they
conduce
either
necessarily
and
principally
,
or
as
a
Causa
sine
qua
non
,
or
some
way
or
other
to
the
better
being
.
For
there
is
nothing
made
either
vain
or
rash
in
all
the
operations
of
Nature
.
So
likewise
all
the
Genital
parts
in
the
Cock
are
contrived
for
preparing
or
concealing
,
or
else
transmitting
the
geniture
into
the
Hen.
But
such
males
as
are
so
vigorous
,
that
they
can
supply
many
females
,
these
do
much
exceed
heir
females
in
their
growth
,
and
stature
,
as
also
in
their
●●naments
,
courage
,
and
weapons
;
which
is
not
so
eminent
in
those
that
are
conjugal
and
chaster
.
For
a
cock-Partridge
,
Crow
,
or
Pigeon
,
are
not
so
much
superiour
and
different
from
their
consorts
,
as
the
Cock
is
from
the
Hen
,
or
the
Stag
from
his
Hindes
.
And
therefore
the
Cock
,
as
he
is
well
appointed
in
his
weapons
,
brave
in
his
plumes
,
haughty
,
ambitious
,
valiant
,
and
a
famous
Duellist
;
so
doth
he
also
abound
in
Seed
,
and
is
swift
in
his
chamber-offices
,
and
of
so
unbounded
a
luxury
,
that
(
except
he
have
his
Seraglio
for
his
concubines
)
●e
will
tire
out
his
wives
by
frequent
invitations
,
●nd
compressions
,
and
(
as
we
have
observed
in
the
Pheasant
,
the
Turkey-cock
,
and
others
)
will
cruelly
handle
them
,
with
unseasonable
advancings
,
and
molestations
.
I
have
seen
Hens
sometimes
so
tired
and
torn
by
the
insolency
and
incivility
of
the
insatiate
Cock
,
that
all
their
backs
have
been
deplumed
,
and
they
themselves
by
deep
ex●●●erations
piercing
to
the
bare
bone
,
have
miserably
expired
.
Of
the
Henne
.
EXER
.
XL.
THere
are
two
first
Causes
and
Instruments
of
Generation
,
the
Male
and
Female
.
For
the
Hen
seems
to
be
the
Author
of
the
Egge
,
as
the
Cock
of
the
Fertility
:
and
therefore
by
the
coition
of
these
two
,
that
which
renders
the
egge
fruitful
,
is
traduced
from
the
Male
into
the
Female
,
or
generated
in
the
Female
by
that
coition
.
But
what
that
is
,
is
no
less
difficult
to
be
known
then
to
what
it
is
communicated
:
namely
,
whether
to
the
whole
Henne
,
or
to
its
Uterus
,
or
to
the
Eggs
already
made
,
or
else
to
all
the
Egges
not
begun
in
the
Ovary
,
or
to
be
begun
hereafter
?
For
it
is
probable
,
according
to
our
former
discourse●
and
also
by
Fabricius
his
experiment
,
that
a
〈◊〉
coitions
,
and
the
commerce
of
the
Henne
with
the
Cocke
for
a
few
dayes
,
doth
sufficiently
fructifie
her
,
or
her
womb
at
lest
,
for
a
whole
year
together
.
And
I
my self
,
informed
by
experience
,
can
parth
affirm
the
same
thing
;
namely
,
that
the
twentieth
egge
layed
by
the
Hen
(
after
her
divorce
from
th●
Cocke
)
hath
been
fruitfull
,
and
prolifical
.
That
a●
from
the
geniture
of
the
Male-fishes
scattered
in
●●
water
,
a
great
family
of
eggs
is
endowed
with
the
lifical
virtue
;
and
as
in
Bitches
,
and
Sowes
,
and
also
other
Animals
,
some
few
coitions
have
satisfie
to
the
fertility
of
several
foetuses
:
(
insomuch
the
some
think
it
an
approved
Maxim
,
that
in
case
Bitch
be
oftner
compressed
by
the
dog
then
th●●
or
four
times
,
it
will
wrong
her
fertility
,
and
make
her
births
degenerate
most
into
females
)
●●
also
the
Cock
by
some
few
familiarities
with
the
Hen
,
doth
not
only
render
the
egge
now
being
in
●he
Ovary
,
but
the
entire
Ovary
,
and
Hen
her self
prolifical
(
as
hath
been
often
repeated
.
)
Nay
,
what
●s
more
then
this
,
and
admirable
indeed
;
In
a
cer●●in
part
of
Persia
(
saith
Aristotle
)
if
you
cut
up
a
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
37
〈◊〉
-
Mouse
,
you
shall
finde
even
the
young
ones
within
●●
,
that
are
females
,
to
be
great
with
young
themselves
:
being
made
mothers
before
they
are
born
:
as
if
●he
male
did
not
onely
fructifie
his
female
,
but
all
●he
females
also
of
which
she
labours
;
as
our
Cock
●oth
not
only
render
his
henne
fruitful
,
but
all
●he
eggs
also
that
she
is
to
lay
.
Now
this
Physitians
do
confidently
deny
,
who
●●me
the
conceptions
of
Animals
to
be
produced
by
the
mixed
geniture
of
both
Sexes
.
And
there●●e
Fabricius
,
though
he
pronounce
the
Cocks
seed
●ver
to
enter
,
nor
to
have
any
possibility
of
en●●ance
prolifical
Hen
,
and
there
to
●●
reserved
in
a
blinde
chink
.
Which
perswasi●●
we
have
formerly
rejected
,
and
that
because
●t
cavity
is
indifferently
found
as
well
in
a
Cock
,
in
a
Hen
;
and
also
for
that
we
could
never
scover
such
a
standing
pool
of
Geniture
,
either
that
cavity
,
or
any
other
cranny
in
a
Hen:
but
soon
as
the
Geniture
hath
delivered
her
message
,
●●d
performed
her
trust
,
by
imprinting
a
prolifical
virtue
in
the
Hen
,
it
either
retires
back
again
,
or
is
dissolved
,
and
rarified
into
air
,
and
so
vanisheth
.
And
though
Galen
,
and
all
Physitians
with
Arist.
de
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
3.
him
,
do
strongly
oppose
this
dissolution
of
the
Genture
,
yet
having
thoroughly
considered
the
fabrick
of
the
genital
part
by
Anatom
cal
administrations
,
and
having
likewise
pondered
other
most
invincible
arguments
,
they
must
necessarily
acknowledge
,
that
the
seed
of
the
male
,
as
it
is
derived
from
the
Testicles
by
the
leading
vessels
,
and
contained
in
the
spermatical
vessels
,
is
not
prolifical
,
unless
by
the
fervency
of
Coition
,
and
desire
,
it
become
aerial
,
and
rarified
into
a
spume
.
For
(
witness
Aristotle
)
it
is
not
the
corpulency
of
the
seed
,
or
its
fire
,
that
renders
it
prolifical
,
or
any
quality
like
to
those
,
but
the
spirit
which
is
inclosed
in
the
seed
and
spumous
body
,
and
the
nature
which
is
in
that
spirit
,
being
answerable
and
like
in
proportion
to
the
Element
or
substance
of
the
Stars
.
Wherefore
,
though
wee
should
indulge
Fabricius
in
his
opinion
,
that
the
Seed
is
reserved
in
that
pouch
;
yet
notwithstanding
,
after
the
prolifical
effervency
,
or
the
spirit
is
resolved
,
it
would
grow
useless
,
and
improlifical
.
And
from
hence
may
Physitians
take
notice
,
that
the
geniture
of
the
male
is
not
therefore
the
architect
of
the
foetus
,
because
the
first
cenception
assumes
its
body
from
it
,
but
because
it
is
spirituous
,
and
boyling
,
as
being
inspired
with
a
fertile
spirit
,
and
turgent
like
a
thing
possessed
.
For
otherwise
Averrhoes
his
fable
,
of
the
woman
that
conceived
in
a
Bath
,
might
have
some
title
to
true
story
.
But
of
these
things
more
in
their
proper
place
.
As
therefore
the
Egg
is
made
by
the
Hen
,
so
i●
it
also
very
likely
that
all
the
first
conceptions
(
a●
shall
be
shown
hereafter
)
doe
assume
both
their
Matter
and
Form
from
the
female
;
and
that
also
after
the
males
geniture
is
immitted
,
and
now
for
some
time
quite
departed
and
vanished
away
.
For
the
Cock
doth
not
conferre
any
fertility
to
the
Hen
or
Eggs
,
by
the
bare
emission
of
his
geniture
;
but
onely
so
farre
forth
as
that
geniture
is
prolifical
,
and
impowered
with
a
plastical
virtue
;
that
is
to
say
,
spiritous
,
operative
,
and
proportionable
to
the
subtence
of
the
Stars
.
The
male
therefore
is
no
more
to
be
prized
as
the
chief
principle
of
the
conception
,
and
foetus
,
by
reason
he
can
concoct
and
emit
seed
,
then
a
female
,
which
can
produce
an
egg
without
his
help
.
But
he
therefore
rather
claims
prerogative
,
in
that
he
impowers
his
seed
with
spirit
,
and
divine
efficacy
;
and
so
,
that
in
a
moment
it
can
perform
its
affaires
,
and
conveigh
fertility
.
For
as
we
see
things
immediately
set
on
fire
,
and
infamed
by
a
spark
struck
from
a
flint
,
or
by
a
flash
of
Lightning
from
a
cloud
;
so
the
geniture
of
the
male
doth
immediately
affect
the
female
with
the
touch
,
and
transferres
fruitfulness
unto
her
,
which
doth
not
onely
virtuate
the
eggs
,
but
the
womb
also
,
and
the
Hen
herself
,
and
all
in
an
instant
:
for
to
combustible
substance
is
sooner
set
on
fire
by
the
approach
of
the
flames
,
then
the
Hen
is
made
pregnant
by
the
coition
of
the
Cock.
But
what
it
is
that
is
transferred
from
him
to
her
,
we
shall
have
occasion
to
discover
in
its
order
,
then
we
shall
determine
the
matter
more
perspicuously
and
in
general
.
In
the
mean
time
we
must
take
notice
,
that
if
it
be
derived
from
the
soul
(
for
it
is
most
likely
that
whatsoever
is
fruitfull
,
the
same
is
also
animate
,
and
we
have
said
before
,
that
an
Egg
in
Aristoiles
opinion
is
indowed
with
a
vegetative
soul
,
as
also
all
the
seed
of
Plants
)
that
soul
(
at
least
the
vegetative
)
must
of
necessity
be
ex
traduce
,
and
derived
in
a
Prolificall
Conception
as
after
it
)
as
it
is
in
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
,
and
just
in
that
manner
as
Plants
do
spring
from
seeds
of
their
own
kind
.
For
it
doth
not
appear
that
the
Male
is
required
,
to
the
intent
that
hee
should
be
as
an
Agent
,
Operatour
,
or
Efficient
per
se
,
nor
that
the
Female
,
is
required
that
she
should
contribute
the
matter
;
but
both
Male
and
Female
are
to
be
esteemed
in
some
sort
the
Operatour
,
and
Parent
:
and
the
foetus
is
procreated
a
mixt
similitude
,
and
resemblance
,
as
if
it
proceeded
from
both
mixt
together
.
Nor
is
it
true
which
Aristotle
often
affirms
,
and
Physitians
take
for
granted
,
namely
,
that
presently
after
Coition
,
there
is
something
to
be
found
of
the
foetus
,
or
conception
,
(
as
the
Heart
,
or
the
Tres
Bullae
,
or
some
other
Principle
part
)
or
something
at
least
in
the
cavity
of
the
Womb
,
as
some
Coagulum
,
or
Spermatical
mixt
substance
,
or
the
like
.
But
on
the
contrary
,
in
case
the
Female
prove
fertile
,
and
pregnant
,
it
happens
that
the
eggs
,
and
conception
in
the
most
,
and
most
perfect
creatures
,
is
first
begun
long
after
coition
.
And
that
the
Female
also
is
prolifical
,
before
any
thing
of
the
conception
be
at
all
contained
in
the
Womb
,
many
indications
do
conspire
to
ascertain
,
as
shall
be
afterwards
discovered
in
the
History
of
Viviparous
Animals
:
as
the
enlargement
of
the
Breasts
,
and
the
turgid
swelling
of
the
Womb
,
by
which
and
other
Symptomes
we
may
perceive
an
Alteration
in
the
whole
Body
.
But
as
for
the
Hen
,
though
she
have
for
the
most
part
the
Rudiments
of
eggs
in
her
before
coition
,
which
are
afterwards
by
the
Tread
made
prolificall
,
and
therefore
she
then
hath
something
in
her
presenly
upon
coition
,
or
treading
:
yet
when
it
falls
out
so
with
her
,
that
like
other
creatures
,
she
hath
nothing
at
hand
ready
in
her
Ovary
,
or
hath
already
layd
all
the
egges
she
formerly
had
there
;
she
being
afterwards
trod
(
though
some
time
pass
between
and
intervene
)
as
if
she
were
then
both
Principles
her self
alone
,
or
did
possess
the
power
of
both
Sexes
,
doth
after
the
manner
of
Plants
generate
egges
by
her self
,
and
those
too
(
I
speak
it
knowingly
)
not
subventaneous
,
but
prolifical
.
For
if
you
take
all
the
eggs
from
under
a
Hen
that
is
now
sitting
,
in
case
that
very
Hen
was
a
fruitful
Hen
in
former
time
(
though
she
have
now
already
layd
all
the
eggs
she
hath
,
and
have
not
so
much
as
one
remaining
in
her
Ovary
)
she
wil
lay
again
,
and
those
eggs
shal
be
fructifying
,
prolifical
eggs
,
having
the
principles
of
both
Sexes
in
them
.
In
what
respect
the
Henne
may
be
called
the
Primum
Efficiens
,
the
first
or
Chiefe
Efficient
.
And
also
of
her
issue
.
EXERCIT.
XLI
.
WE
have
already
pronounced
the
Hen
,
to
be
an
Efficient
Cause
of
Generation
,
or
natures
Instrument
in
that
employment
;
(
but
she
is
not
absolutely
,
and
per
se
;
but
by
commission
,
and
by
vertue
of
the
Male
rendered
prolifical
.
)
But
as
the
Male
is
by
Aristotle
counted
the
first
principle
of
Generation
,
suo
merito
,
upon
his
own
score
,
because
the
first
Motus
or
progress
towards
Generation
proceeds
from
him
;
so
the
Hen
also
may
in
some
respect
be
esteemed
the
first
cause
of
Generation
;
insomuch
as
the
male
by
the
approach
and
presence
of
the
female
,
like
one
possessed
,
is
inflamed
to
Venery
.
The
female-Fish
(
saith
Pliny
)
at
the
time
of
coition
will
pursue
and
follow
the
Male
,
punching
his
belly
with
her
head
:
And
again
,
about
the
time
of
bringing
forth
,
the
Male
will
do
the
like
to
the
Female
.
I
my self
have
sometimes
seen
the
male
Fishes
follow
the
female
that
was
ready
to
spawn
,
(
just
as
Doggs
doe
a
salt-Bitch
)
all
in
troops
,
that
they
might
sprinckle
her
eggs
so
soon
as
she
had
laid
them
,
lacte
suo
,
with
their
milkey
substance
,
or
seed
.
But
that
is
most
sensible
in
wanton
and
lascivious
females
,
which
will
stirre
up
Cupids
slow
and
drowsie
fires
in
their
tame
males
,
and
instill
a
silent
love
into
them
.
And
hence
it
is
,
that
the
Dunghill-cock
,
so
soon
as
ever
he
sees
his
own
spouse
whom
he
hath
missed
never
so
litle
a
while
,
or
any
other
stranger-Henn
,
being
presently
arrested
at
Cupids
suite
,
he
mounts
her
.
And
likewise
when
he
is
Victor
in
fight
,
though
he
return
wounded
and
wearied
from
the
battel
,
yet
he
still
delights
to
ravish
his
captives
wives
.
And
that
he
may
kindle
this
declining
spark
of
lust
,
which
now
lyes
expiring
in
his
breast
,
into
a
vigorous
flame
,
with
several
gesticulations
,
incitements
,
and
Love-scenes
(
while
he
often
crows
,
assembles
his
Henns
,
and
now
approaching
circuits
about
them
,
and
trailes
his
stiffe
wings
at
their
feet
)
he
enticeth
his
Females
,
as
by
a
spell
or
enchantment
,
to
sport
with
him
.
Now
these
are
the
Cocks
projects
and
arts
:
but
sometimes
the
coyness
and
morosity
of
the
Hen
doth
not
a
litle
conduce
to
rouse
and
heighten
the
males
sleepy
heat
,
and
languishing
appetite
,
to
quicken
and
encourage
his
performance
.
But
of
these
provocations
and
allurements
,
so
farre
as
they
serve
to
promote
conception
,
we
shall
speak
more
anon
.
For
if
you
carefully
ponder
Natures
works
,
you
shall
finde
none
of
them
made
in
vain
,
but
all
directed
to
some
end
,
and
for
some
good
.
Almost
all
females
are
pleased
&
delighted
with
the
act
of
coition
,
and
rejoyce
at
their
great
bellies
,
but
many
groan
at
their
delivery
.
But
the
thing
is
quite
contrary
in
Hens
,
which
in
coition
complain
,
and
hang
back
;
but
in
laying
,
though
the
Egge
be
very
great
in
comparison
of
their
own
bulk
and
the
streights
of
the
Uterine
Orifice
,
and
the
Egge
brings
no
furtherance
at
all
to
his
own
release
,
(
as
the
Issues
of
Viviparous
animals
do
)
yet
she
brings
forth
without
any
pain
,
and
still
rejoices
as
soon
as
she
hath
layd
,
and
raising
a
loud
laughter
,
invites
in
the
Cock
to
share
in
her
triumphs
.
But
though
there
are
many
rudiments
of
eggs
,
of
different
magnitude
,
and
degree
,
in
the
Hens
Ovary
,
insomuch
that
some
are
augmented
and
come
to
maturity
before
others
,
yet
they
all
seem
to
be
fructified
alike
,
and
receive
the
prolifical
stamp
together
,
by
the
Cocks
coition
.
And
though
a
good
space
of
time
pass
away
(
namely
,
thirty
dayes
or
more
)
before
the
Common
-
hen
or
Partridge-hen
disburden
all
the
Egges
in
their
Ovary
,
yet
when
ever
the
Hen
sits
upon
them
,
they
bring
forth
all
their
chickens
almost
together
,
at
the
set
time
(
namely
,
in
the
compass
of
twenty
,
or
two
and
twenty
daies
)
and
they
are
all
likewise
no
less
complete
,
then
if
they
had
all
taken
the
same
rise
and
original
at
the
same
instant
of
coition
(
as
the
Bitches
whelps
do
.
)
And
being
upon
this
contemplation
,
while
I
consider
how
small
the
prolifical
ground-works
of
Eggs
are
,
namely
litle
whelks
,
and
exudations
,
less
then
the
seeds
of
Millet
;
and
meditating
the
stature
,
magnanimity
,
and
furniture
of
the
Cock
who
is
born
from
thence
;
I
cannot
but
admire
,
that
Nature
should
intrust
such
great
abilities
to
so
slender
beginnings
:
and
observe
,
how
the
Omnipotent
Creator
is
pleased
to
manifest
his
greatness
most
,
in
the
smallest
originals
.
For
the
Hen
,
and
the
Cock
,
that
haughty
and
magnificent
Animal
,
springs
from
a
small
and
almost
invisible
whelk
.
A
vast
Tree
rises
from
a
litle
Acron
.
Nay
,
from
the
smallest
bud
and
point
of
an
Acorn
,
how
doth
the
Aged
Oak
display
her
spreading
armes
?
how
lofty
a
crest
doth
she
exalt
to
heaven
?
and
how
deep
a
root
doth
she
send
down
to
fathom
the
earth
?
It
is
indeed
(
saith
Pliny
)
an
incomprehensible
miracle
,
that
a
substance
which
defies
the
axe
,
that
presses
,
undaunted
at
the
hugest
weights
,
that
masts
patient
of
the
largest
sails
,
and
ramms
unbattered
by
the
shock
of
Towers
,
and
Bullwarks
,
should
proceed
from
so
mean
principles
.
But
this
is
Natures
power
,
this
her
ability
.
Now
there
is
such
a
litle
sprout
in
the
seeds
of
all
Plants
,
whose
bare
top
of
all
no
bigger
then
a
point
,
if
it
be
once
pared
away
,
all
hope
of
generation
presently
dies
,
as
if
the
entire
plastical
virtue
that
is
to
fashion
and
compose
the
whole
Tree
,
did
take
up
its
abode
in
so
small
a
point
.
And
therefore
the
provident
Ant
,
eating
of
this
small
particle
before
hand
,
doth
safely
treasure
up
the
grains
and
seeds
of
corn
in
her
barns
that
lye
under
ground
,
cunningly
,
providing
by
this
meanes
against
the
inconvenience
which
she
might
suffer
in
their
growing
afresh
.
The
Cypress-Tree
(
saith
the
same
Pliny
)
beareth
a
seed
exceedingly
affected
by
the
Ant
;
and
this
enlarges
the
miracle
,
that
so
inconsiderable
an
Animal
should
devoure
and
destroy
so
vast
a
Tree
in
its
cra●le
.
But
of
these
also
in
general
we
shall
speak
more
,
when
we
shall
shew
that
many
Animals
themselves
,
especially
Insects
,
do
germinate
and
spring
from
seeds
and
principles
not
to
be
discerned
even
by
the
eye
,
by
reason
of
their
contract
invisible
dimensions
,
(
like
those
atomes
,
that
fly
in
the
aire
)
which
are
scattered
and
dispersed
up
and
down
by
the
winds
:
all
which
are
esteemed
to
be
Spontaneous
issues
,
or
born
of
Putrefaction
,
because
their
seed
is
not
any
where
seen
.
And
this
speculation
is
useful
to
that
Philosophy
,
which
teacheth
,
that
all
things
are
made
out
of
nothing
;
for
between
the
Original
,
and
the
Complement
of
any
Living
creature
,
there
is
almost
no
commensurable
proportion
.
Nor
are
we
so
much
to
admire
,
what
it
is
in
a
Cock
,
that
doth
conserve
and
govern
so
perfect
and
noble
a
creature
,
and
is
the
first
cause
of
his
existence
,
which
we
say
is
his
soul
:
but
farre
more
what
it
is
in
the
egge
,
nay
in
the
very
whelk
,
which
hath
so
grand
an
authority
to
produce
so
gallant
an
animal
,
and
advance
its
own
renown
to
so
high
a
stretch
of
glory
.
Nor
are
we
only
to
admire
,
how
great
the
Artist
is
that
doth
assist
and
cooperate
in
so
great
a
work
;
but
rather
the
manner
of
conveighance
,
it
being
by
the
contagion
of
onely
a
momentany
coition
:
namely
,
what
the
thing
is
that
passeth
from
the
Male
to
the
Female
,
from
the
Female
to
the
Egge
,
and
from
the
Egge
to
the
Foetus
?
What
it
is
,
that
is
hoc
Traducis
,
this
Derived
essence
,
which
cannot
be
perceived
to
be
either
remaining
,
or
touching
,
nor
any
sensible
contained
thing
;
and
yet
doth
operate
with
a
vast
discretion
and
providence
,
beyond
all
the
bounds
of
Art
:
&
which
doth
render
the
Egg
prolifical
,
even
when
it selfe
is
fled
and
vanished
,
not
because
it
now
doth
,
or
hath
touched
before
;
not
fructifying
only
the
perfect
,
and
absolved
eggs
,
but
even
the
imperfect
and
intended
only
,
when
they
are
yet
but
whelks
and
pushes
:
nay
the
Henne
her self
before
she
have
yet
produced
any
whelks
at
all
,
and
that
so
nimbly
,
as
if
the
Almighty
himself
should
say
,
Let
there
be
a
production
,
and
strait
there
is
one
.
Let
Physitians
therefore
cease
to
wonder
at
what
they
do
not
finde
,
but
with
astonishment
;
namely
,
at
Contagious
,
Epidemical
,
and
Pestilential
Diseases
,
how
they
do
foment
and
disperse
their
infection
through
the
air
,
and
propagate
distempers
like
to
themselves
in
other
bodies
,
and
by
a
secret
course
,
as
it
were
,
by
a
solemne
generation
tacitly
multiply
,
and
grow
sometimes
so
destructive
,
that
(
if
God
would
leave
the
reins
in
their
own
hands
)
they
would
spread
a
sweeping
desolation
over
Men
,
and
Beasts
:
for
greater
things
then
these
are
the
dayly
results
of
the
generation
of
Animals
.
For
more
,
and
abler
operations
are
required
to
the
Fabrick
and
erection
of
Living
creatures
,
then
to
their
dissolution
,
and
plucking
of
them
down
:
For
those
things
that
easily
and
nimbly
perish
,
are
slow
and
difficult
in
their
rise
and
complement
.
Seneca
(
as
he
is
wont
)
elegantly
Nat.
quest.
l.
3.
c.
27.
saith
:
How
long
a
time
is
required
to
ripen
the
conception
for
the
Birth
!
With
how
great
care
and
tenderness
is
it
trained
when
now
it
is
an
Infant
!
With
what
choice
of
aliment
is
it
cherished
to
a
Youth
!
and
yet
how
obnoxious
is
this
carkass
at
last
!
how
lost
without
any
paines
!
An
age
builds
Towers
,
which
one
hour
levels
with
the
ground
.
With
great
caution
things
continue
,
but
perish
at
an
easie
rate
.
The
Forrest
which
is
growing
long
,
one
active
spark
and
moment
turns
to
cinders
.
Nay
,
not
so
much
as
a
spark
;
for
the
conflagration
of
the
vastest
bodies
,
will
put
us
onely
to
the
expence
of
a
Burning-glass
,
where
the
Sunne
beames
being
assembled
,
and
directed
in
a
Cone
,
will
raise
a
nimble
flame
to
speed
the
mischief
.
So
that
nothing
is
difficult
to
Natures
Royalty
,
which
to
the
production
of
things
is
sparing
of
her
power
,
and
warily
dispenseth
it
with
a
great
deal
of
thrift
,
by
insensible
accessions
;
but
she
is
quick
to
destroy
,
running
in
full
speed
.
In
the
generation
of
things
,
the
best
,
eternal
,
and
omnipotent
God
,
or
Natures
deity
,
is
evidently
seen
;
but
all
mortal
things
finde
out
a
thousand
wayes
to
ruine
,
of
their
own
accord
.
How
the
generation
of
the
Chicken
is
procured
out
of
the
Egge
.
EXER
.
XLII
.
WE
have
thus
farre
considered
the
Egge
,
as
the
Fruit
,
and
End
:
it
remaines
,
that
wee
now
treat
of
it
,
as
the
Seed
,
and
Principle
.
Now
we
must
enquire
(
saith
Fabricius
)
how
the
generation
of
the
Chicken
follows
out
of
the
Egge
;
taking
our
rise
from
that
Principle
or
Position
of
Aristotle
and
Galen
,
and
approved
by
all
:
namely
,
That
all
things
that
are
made
in
this
world
,
are
produced
of
these
three
;
the
Agents
,
the
Instruments
,
and
the
Matter
.
But
because
in
natural
Productions
,
the
Agent
is
not
without
,
but
either
existent
in
the
Matter
,
or
Instruments
,
he
concludes
,
That
we
are
to
consider
of
the
Agent
,
and
Matter
only
.
But
because
we
are
here
to
shew
after
what
manner
the
Chicken
is
made
out
of
the
Egge
,
I
conceive
it
not
useless
,
to
demonstrate
,
how
many
several
wayes
one
thing
may
be
said
to
be
made
out
of
another
:
for
by
that
means
it
will
more
clearly
and
distinctly
appear
,
how
many
several
wayes
generation
doth
proceed
from
an
Egge
,
and
what
is
to
be
resolved
,
concerning
the
Matter
,
Instruments
,
and
Efficient
.
Aristotle
hath
taught
,
that
one
thing
is
made
out
of
another
four
manner
of
wayes
:
First
,
when
we
say
the
De
gen.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
18.
Night
is
made
out
of
the
Day
,
and
a
Man
of
a
Boy
;
because
this
is
after
that
.
The
second
,
when
a
Statue
is
made
out
of
Brass
,
or
a
Bed-stead
out
of
Wood
,
or
whatsoever
we
affirm
to
be
made
of
matter
,
that
so
a
whole
may
result
,
from
something
that
is
formed
,
and
in
it
.
Thirdly
,
when
of
a
Musical
,
a
man
unskilled
in
Musick
,
or
of
a
Sound
,
a
Sick
man
,
or
one
contrary
of
another
.
Fourthly
,
as
Epicharmus
makes
his
exaggeration
:
of
Calumnies
,
Cursings
;
of
Cursings
,
Conflict
.
All
which
are
referred
to
the
first
beginning
of
the
progress
;
for
the
Calumnies
are
a
certain
part
of
the
whole
Broile
.
Since
therefore
one
thing
may
be
made
out
of
another
so
many
wayes
,
it
is
apparent
,
that
the
Seed
is
in
another
,
two
of
these
wayes
.
For
that
which
is
begotten
,
is
out
of
it
,
either
as
out
of
its
matter
,
or
as
its
first
mover
.
For
it
is
not
barely
,
as
this
thing
is
after
that
,
as
Navigation
after
the
Panathenaea
,
nor
as
one
contrary
out
of
another
;
for
a
contrary
is
begotten
out
of
the
corruption
of
a
contrary
,
and
there
must
needs
be
some
subject
matter
,
out
of
which
,
as
out
of
a
first
immanent
thing
it
should
be
made
.
By
which
words
Aristotle
truly
inferres
,
that
the
Seed
proceeding
from
the
male
,
is
the
efficient
cause
of
the
Foetus
,
or
else
the
Instrumental
;
because
it
is
no
part
of
the
Foetus
,
neither
according
to
the
First
,
nor
third
acceptation
(
namely
,
as
this
thing
out
of
that
,
or
as
out
of
its
contrary
)
nor
is
it
the
subject
matter
.
But
,
as
he
saith
in
the
same
place
,
that
which
proceeds
from
the
Male
in
coition
,
is
not
truly
and
properly
called
Seed
,
but
Geniture
rather
,
and
doth
differ
from
Seed
properly
so
called
.
For
that
is
called
Geniture
,
which
proceeding
from
the
Generant
,
is
that
first
cause
which
obtains
the
beginning
of
the
generation
;
namely
,
in
those
creatures
which
Nature
hath
designed
to
generation
:
but
the
Semen
is
that
thing
which
takes
its
original
from
the
coition
of
those
two
(
namely
,
the
Male
and
Female
:
)
and
such
is
the
seed
of
all
Plants
,
and
of
some
Animals
,
in
whom
there
is
no
distinction
of
Sex
:
as
being
that
which
is
first
mixt
by
the
Male
and
Female
,
as
it
were
a
promiscuous
conception
;
and
such
as
we
have
formerly
in
our
History
declared
the
Egge
to
be
,
which
is
called
both
a
Fruit
and
a
Seed
.
For
the
Seed
and
the
Fruit
are
distinct
things
,
and
differ
ratione
prioris
&
posterioris
,
under
the
notion
of
that
which
is
first
,
and
that
which
is
after
;
for
the
Fruit
is
that
which
proceeds
from
another
,
the
Seed
is
that
out
of
which
another
doth
proceed
;
otherwise
they
were
both
the
same
.
It
remaines
therefore
that
we
enquire
,
how
many
of
the
foresaid
wayes
the
Foetus
doth
proceed
,
not
from
the
Geniture
of
the
Male
,
but
from
the
true
Seed
,
or
Egg
,
or
Conception
(
which
are
truly
the
seeds
of
Animals
.
)
How
many
waies
the
Chicken
may
be
said
to
be
made
out
of
the
Egge
.
EXERCIT.
XLIII
.
IT
is
therefore
granted
,
that
the
Chicken
is
made
out
of
a
prolifical
Egg
,
as
out
of
its
Matter
,
and
as
by
its
Efficient
;
and
that
the
same
Egge
is
both
the
Causes
of
the
Chicken
.
For
as
it
deduceth
its
original
from
the
Hen
,
and
is
esteemed
the
fruit
,
it
is
the
Matter
:
but
in
as
much
as
it
containeth
in
it
,
throughout
all
its
substance
,
a
plastical
,
and
prolifical
virtue
infused
by
the
Male
,
it
is
called
the
Efficient
of
the
Chicken
.
So
that
not
onely
(
as
Fabricius
would
have
it
)
these
things
are
inseparably
joyned
together
in
one
and
the
same
Egge
;
namely
,
the
Agent
,
and
the
Instrument
,
but
it
is
also
necessary
,
that
the
same
place
should
also
containe
Aliment
,
by
which
it
should
be
nourished
.
So
that
in
a
prolifical
Egge
these
four
things
are
to
be
found
together
;
namely
,
the
Efficient
,
the
Instrument
,
the
Matter
,
and
the
Aliment
,
as
appears
plainly
in
our
History
.
Wherefore
we
affirme
,
that
the
Chicken
is
made
out
of
the
prolifical
Egge
all
the
fore-said
waies
;
namely
,
as
out
of
its
Matter
,
Efficient
,
and
Instrument
:
and
also
as
a
Man
is
made
out
of
a
Boy
,
and
the
Whole
out
of
a
Part
:
and
also
tanquam
ex
Alimento
,
as
a
thing
may
be
said
to
be
made
of
its
nutriment
;
and
likewise
as
a
contrary
is
made
out
of
a
contrary
.
For
when
by
Incubation
(
by
the
Internal
motive
principle
)
some
clear
part
is
liquefied
(
which
we
call
Ovi
Oculum
the
Eggs-Eye
)
we
say
that
very
thing
is
made
tanquam
ex
contrario
,
as
a
contrary
out
of
a
contrary
:
as
we
suppose
the
Chyle
to
be
made
out
of
contraries
by
concoction
;
(
namely
,
out
of
crude
,
unconcocted
meats
)
and
in
the
same
sense
,
as
we
our selves
are
said
to
be
nourished
by
contraries
.
Just
in
that
manner
is
the
Colliquamentum
and
the
Oculus
Ovi
made
of
the
White
,
and
augmented
:
and
in
that
manner
likewise
is
the
Blood
and
the
Vesicula
pulsans
(
which
are
the
first
particles
of
the
Chicken
)
made
,
nourished
and
augmented
,
out
of
that
white
liquor
,
or
Colliquamentum
:
nourished
I
say
,
the
Nutriment
being
assimulated
by
concoction
(
as
out
of
its
contrary
)
by
the
power
of
the
innate
heat
;
for
that
which
is
crude
and
unconcocted
,
is
contrary
to
that
which
is
concocted
and
assimulated
:
as
a
Man
unskilled
in
Musick
is
contrary
to
a
Musitian
;
and
a
Sick
man
,
to
a
Sound
.
And
when
Blood
is
made
out
of
the
white
Colliquamentum
,
or
the
Colliquamentum
out
of
the
Yolk
or
White
,
it
is
called
the
generation
of
the
one
,
and
the
corruption
of
the
other
:
there
being
an
alteration
made
from
the
contrary
to
the
contrary
,
the
same
subject
matter
remaining
still
.
For
the
proceeding
form
of
the
White
being
corrupted
,
the
Colliquamentum
ariseth
:
and
from
the
privation
of
the
form
of
the
Colliquamentum
,
resulteth
the
form
of
Blood
:
in
the
same
manner
as
nourishment
is
turned
into
the
substance
of
that
which
is
nourished
.
Therefore
in
this
sort
the
Chicken
is
said
to
be
made
out
of
the
egge
,
tanquam
ex
Contrario
,
as
out
of
a
Contrary
.
For
the
Chicken
being
nourished
and
increased
in
the
Egg
,
both
the
Yolk
and
the
White
are
corrupted
and
consumed
,
and
afterwards
all
the
substance
of
the
Egg.
It
is
therefore
manifest
that
the
Chicken
is
made
out
of
the
Egg
,
as
out
of
a
contrary
,
namely
,
as
out
of
Aliment
:
and
also
,
tanquam
exprivatione
,
&
non
ente
,
as
out
of
a
Privation
and
non
Ens.
For
the
first
particle
of
the
Chicken
,
(
namely
the
Blood
,
or
Punctum
saliens
)
is
made
ex
non
sanguine
,
of
that
which
is
not
blood
,
and
altogether
its
contrary
,
the
same
subject
Matter
still
remaining
.
The
Chicken
also
is
made
out
of
the
Egg
,
sicut
vir
ex
puero
,
as
a
Man
is
made
out
of
a
Boy
.
For
as
out
of
Plants
Seeds
are
made
,
out
of
Seeds
,
Blossomes
,
Sprouts
,
Stems
,
Flowers
,
and
Fruits
:
so
also
out
of
an
Egge
,
(
which
is
the
Hens
Seed
)
is
made
the
dilatation
of
the
Macula
,
the
Colliquamentum
,
the
Blood
and
Heart
,
as
the
first
particle
of
the
fatus
(
or
fruit
.
)
And
that
,
tanquam
ex
nocte
dies
,
as
the
Night
is
made
out
of
the
Day
;
the
Sommer
out
of
the
Spring
;
and
a
Man
out
of
a
Boy
:
Where
this
thing
,
is
after
that
.
So
that
as
the
Fruit
doth
arise
in
the
same
Stem
after
the
Flowers
;
so
likewise
,
after
the
Egge
the
colliquamentum
;
and
after
that
,
as
out
of
the
Humor
Primigenius
,
out
of
the
radical
first
moisture
,
the
Blood
,
after
the
Blood
,
and
out
of
it
,
the
chicken
;
as
the
Whole
out
of
a
Part.
And
again
,
as
by
Epicharmus
his
Exaggeration
,
ex
calumniâ
fiunt
maledicta
,
&
ex
maledict
is
pugna
,
out
of
slander
come
cursings
,
and
out
of
cursings
fighting
.
For
the
Blood
together
with
the
Punctum
saliens
is
first
existent
;
and
doth
likewise
seem
to
be
a
part
of
the
chicken
,
and
a
kind
of
Efficient
,
or
Instrument
of
its
Generation
,
inseparable
from
the
Agent
:
(
as
Fabricius
supposeth
)
Now
,
in
what
manner
the
Egge
may
be
called
the
Instrument
and
Efficient
of
Generation
,
is
in
part
shewed
already
;
and
shall
appear
more
at
large
hereafter
.
It
is
evident
out
of
our
History
,
that
the
Punctum
saliens
and
the
Blood
,
(
while
they
increase
)
do
assemble
the
rest
of
the
body
and
all
the
other
members
of
the
chicken
to
themselves
:
as
the
Yolk
in
the
Womb
,
descending
from
the
Ovary
,
encompasseth
it self
with
the
White
,
and
that
by
way
of
concoction
,
and
Nutrition
.
Now
all
men
conceive
calor
.
innatus
,
aut
calidum
innatvm
,
the
innate
or
primigenial
Heat
,
or
Spirit
diffused
through
the
whole
,
and
the
Soul
in
that
Spirit
,
or
the
faculty
of
that
Soul
,
to
be
the
common
Instrument
of
the
Vegetable
Operations
.
The
egg
therefore
without
all
question
hath
its
Operative
soul
,
which
is
all
in
the
whole
,
and
all
in
every
part
;
and
containes
a
spirit
,
or
Animal
heat
in
it
,
which
is
the
immediate
instrument
of
that
soul
.
If
any
man
therefore
ask
,
how
a
chicken
is
made
out
at
the
egge
?
We
reply
,
after
all
those
ways
recited
by
Aristotle
,
or
invented
by
any
else
,
after
the
which
,
one
thing
may
be
made
out
of
another
.
Fabricius
is
mistaken
concerning
the
Matter
of
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
.
EXER
.
XLIV
.
AS
I
decreed
with
my self
from
the
beginning
,
so
I
shal
continue
to
take
Fabricius
along
with
Hippocrates
,
Anaxagoras
,
Alcmaeon
,
Menander
,
and
Hist.
an
.
l.
6
c.
3.
and
De
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
1.
&
3.
l.
10.
c.
53.
to
that
opinion
,
did
believe
,
that
the
chicken
did
assume
its
body
from
the
White
,
and
its
Aliment
from
the
Yolk
.
But
Fabricius
for
his
own
part
,
conceived
neither
Yolk
nor
White
to
be
the
Matter
of
the
chicken
:
endeavouring
to
confute
the
former
opinions
,
and
to
shew
,
that
both
Yolk
and
White
did
serve
to
nourish
the
Chicken
.
And
this
,
besides
other
Arguments
(
which
I
conceive
to
be
of
less
force
)
with
this
which
is
evincing
enough
,
namely
that
the
propagations
of
the
Umbilical
Vessels
(
by
which
without
doubt
the
chicken
doth
attract
his
Aliment
)
are
disseminated
both
into
the
Yolk
and
white
,
and
that
both
those
liquors
(
accordingly
as
the
chicken
encreases
,
and
doth
expend
a
greater
stock
of
nourishment
)
are
quite
exhausted
.
And
hereupon
Fabricius
for
confirmation
There
are
three
onely
substances
which
do
conduce
to
the
fabrick
of
the
egg
,
and
the
generation
of
the
chicken
,
the
White
,
the
Yolk
,
and
the
Chalazae
:
the
White
and
Yolk
are
the
Chickens
substance
;
therefore
the
Chalazae
onely
are
the
subject
matter
of
the
chicken
.
But
that
the
most
excellent
Fabricius
is
in
an
error
,
we
have
demonstrated
before
in
our
History
.
For
after
the
chicken
is
well
nigh
compleated
,
when
his
Head
and
Eyes
are
distinctly
to
be
seen
,
the
Chalazae
are
still
found
in
the
Egg
far
remote
from
the
Chicken
,
and
still
entire
,
being
then
depressed
from
the
two
ends
of
the
egg
to
the
sides
,
and
do
execute
(
as
he
also
confesses
)
the
office
of
Ligaments
,
to
keep
the
Yolk
in
its
true
position
within
the
White
.
Nor
is
that
true
neither
,
which
Fabricius
addes
to
justifie
his
perswasion
;
namely
,
that
the
Chalazae
are
seated
directly
under
the
Obtuse
Angle
of
the
Egge
.
For
after
the
first
days
Incubation
the
Liquors
shift
their
stations
;
the
Yolk
is
exalted
,
and
the
chalazae
are
depressed
from
both
ends
,
as
hath
been
said
.
He
is
also
deceived
,
when
he
saith
that
the
chalazae
are
parts
of
the
Egge
:
for
in
truth
,
the
egge
is
constituted
onely
by
the
Yolk
,
and
the
White
;
but
the
chalazae
,
as
also
the
membranes
,
are
onely
certain
litle
Appendixes
of
the
White
,
and
nothing
else
but
meerly
the
extremities
of
the
membranes
contorted
and
twisted
,
(
as
filaments
or
strings
are
twisted
into
a
Rope
)
that
so
they
may
the
better
preserve
the
Liquors
in
their
proper
places
,
by
a
firmer
tye
.
And
therefore
his
Inference
is
infirme
,
when
he
saith
:
The
chalazae
are
found
to
be
in
that
part
of
the
egg
where
the
chicken
is
made
,
and
therefore
the
chicken
is
made
out
of
them
.
For
even
according
to
Fabricius
himself
,
that
can
no
wayes
be
:
who
confesses
,
that
the
chalazae
are
to
be
found
in
the
two
extremities
of
the
egg
,
and
yet
denies
,
that
the
chicken
is
any
where
made
,
but
onely
in
the
Obtuse
end
of
it
:
in
which
end
truly
,
from
the
very
first
setting
out
towards
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
,
there
is
no
chalazae
to
be
found
at
all
.
Nay
,
if
you
make
tryal
in
a
New-layd
Egge
,
you
shall
find
that
the
superiour
chalaza
is
not
directly
seated
under
the
Obtuse
end
,
or
the
cavity
thereof
,
but
inclining
something
to
the
side
;
nor
on
that
side
neither
,
where
the
cavity
doth
tend
,
but
rather
on
the
contrary
side
.
Moreover
,
it
hath
been
shewed
before
,
that
the
scituation
of
the
Liquors
immediately
upon
Incubation
is
shifted
,
because
the
Oculus
,
or
Eye
of
the
egge
being
enlarged
by
the
colliquamentum
,
is
exalted
to
the
cavity
in
the
Obtuse
Angle
,
upon
which
the
liquors
and
chalazae
at
each
end
do
remove
to
the
sides
.
For
the
Macula
or
Speck
,
which
before
Incubation
,
was
seated
in
the
middest
between
both
the
extremities
of
the
egge
,
now
being
inlarged
into
an
Oculus
,
or
Eye
,
is
adjoyned
to
the
cavity
in
the
Obtuse
end
;
and
one
of
the
chalazae
is
deposed
from
the
Obtuse
Angle
,
and
the
other
is
exalted
(
so
much
as
the
other
is
deposed
)
from
the
Acute
Angle
;
(
just
as
the
Poles
of
the
World
are
seated
in
an
Oblique
Hemisphere
)
and
at
the
same
time
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
White
,
especially
of
the
grosser
part
of
it
,
doth
sinck
down
to
the
Acute
Angle
.
Nor
is
that
true
neither
where
he
endeavors
to
infer
a
probable
argument
to
prove
the
chalazae
to
be
the
Matter
of
the
Pullus
,
from
the
likeness
&
similitude
of
their
consistence
,
alleadging
,
that
the
chalazae
Nor
is
that
corpus
Rubrum
(
which
he
also
took
for
the
Liver
)
or
red
substance
in
the
chalazae
,
or
any
thing
neer
them
,
but
in
the
middle
of
the
colliquamentum
candidum
;
and
it
is
the
rudiment
of
the
Heart
onely
.
Nor
doth
the
example
of
the
Tadpoles
alleadged
by
him
,
square
to
his
purpose
,
of
which
,
saith
he
,
you
can
onely
discern
their
Head
and
Taile
,
that
is
,
their
Head
and
spine
of
the
Back
,
having
neither
fore-legs
nor
hinder-legs
.
And
he
proceeds
,
that
whosoever
seeth
a
Chalaza
,
and
one
of
these
conceptions
,
will
think
he
sees
one
and
the
same
body
.
Now
I
have
made
many
dissections
of
these
Tadpoles
,
and
have
seen
a
pretty
large
Belly
in
them
,
and
in
that
Belly
Guts
,
and
a
Liver
,
and
a
Heart
panting
;
and
also
I
have
discovered
their
Head
and
Eyes
too
.
But
that
which
Fabricius
takes
for
their
Head
,
is
their
round
figure
,
from
which
they
are
called
Gyrini
;
because
their
form
or
figure
in
gyrum
vertitur
,
curles
into
a
round
.
They
have
also
a
Taile
by
which
they
swim
,
but
legs
indeed
they
want
.
Yet
about
the
Solstice
,
they
lose
or
cast
their
Taile
,
having
then
hinder-legs
,
and
fore-legs
beginning
to
strut
out
.
Now
there
is
nothing
in
the
first
division
of
a
Chicken
into
his
Head
and
Spine
,
that
any
way
resembles
this
;
which
should
any
way
induce
us
to
believe
that
the
Chicken
is
made
out
of
the
Chalazae
,
in
manner
of
a
Tadpole
.
To
proceed
farther
in
the
confutation
of
this
matter
,
the
worth
of
Fabricius
(
a
man
so
exceedingly
well
skilled
in
Anatomy
)
forbids
:
nor
indeed
is
there
any
great
need
,
since
the
thing
is
so
evident
in
our
History
.
He
at
last
concludes
,
that
this
his
opinion
is
wondrous
old
,
and
was
on
foot
in
Aristotles
dayes
.
But
I
rather
think
the
opinion
of
Ulysses
Aldrovandus
to
be
old
,
by
which
it
is
thought
,
that
the
Chalazae
are
the
Cocks
Treddle
,
out
of
which
,
and
by
which
the
chicken
is
procreated
.
But
neither
of
these
opinions
is
true
:
for
that
the
Grandines
,
or
Chalazae
(
the
Italians
call
them
Galladura
,
and
our
Country-men
the
Treddle
)
do
either
proceed
from
the
Cock
,
or
are
his
seed
,
is
a
vulgar
error
,
and
an
old
Wifes
tale
,
both
heretofore
,
and
in
our
times
.
The
Grandines
(
saith
Aldrovandus
)
are
the
Cocks
sperme
,
because
no
fertile
Egge
is
without
them
.
No
nor
infertile
Egge
neither
;
which
he
or
knew
not
,
or
did
not
declare
.
And
this
Fabricius
indeed
acknowledgeth
;
but
while
he
denyeth
the
Cocks
seed
to
enter
into
the
womb
,
or
to
be
any
where
found
in
the
Egge
;
yet
he
still
contends
,
that
the
Chalazae
,
before
any
other
parts
of
the
Egg
,
are
chiefly
stocked
with
fecundity
from
the
power
of
the
Males
seed
,
and
do
contain
a
prolifical
virtue
;
though
he
could
not
observe
that
there
is
no
difference
or
distinction
at
all
between
the
Chalazae
of
the
barren
&
the
fruitful
egge
.
But
seeing
he
hath
granted
,
that
the
very
rudiments
of
Egges
in
the
Vitellary
are
as
well
fructified
by
the
Cocks
treading
,
as
those
Eggs
which
are
encompassed
with
the
white
.
I
suppose
the
occasion
of
his
so
able
a
mans
error
was
this
:
It
was
hitherto
(
as
we
have
often
said
)
the
received
opinion
of
all
Philosophers
and
Physitians
,
that
the
Geniture
of
the
Male
,
or
Female
,
or
of
both
together
,
was
the
subject
matter
in
the
generation
of
Animals
:
out
of
which
residing
in
the
Uterus
(
after
coition
)
the
Animals
are
generated
(
in
like
manner
as
Plants
are
made
,
and
spring
out
of
the
seeds
sowen
in
the
ground
:
)
nor
was
Aristotle
much
distant
from
this
opinion
,
who
would
needs
have
the
menstruous
blood
to
be
the
womans
,
which
the
Males
geniture
doth
coagulate
,
and
so
constitute
the
conception
.
Now
the
fore-said
Error
being
granted
by
all
,
(
for
an
infallible
principle
)
it
is
no
great
wonder
,
if
afterwards
(
according
to
every
mans
particular
conjecture
)
many
false
opinions
do
creep
in
.
For
they
are
quite
beside
their
mark
,
who
conceive
that
after
coition
some
kinde
of
substance
or
matter
doth
remain
,
fit
and
convenient
for
the
production
of
the
foetus
,
or
first
conception
;
or
that
any
thing
else
is
formed
in
the
cavity
of
the
womb
,
which
may
be
of
like
use
with
the
seed
which
is
sowen
in
the
bowels
of
the
earth
.
For
it
is
most
certain
,
that
in
the
Uterus
of
a
Hen
(
and
the
same
thing
shall
be
afterwards
evidenced
of
all
females
whatsoever
)
upon
coition
,
nothing
is
to
be
discovered
,
more
then
was
there
before
.
And
therefore
it
is
clear
that
Fabricius
is
out
,
when
he
saith
,
As
a
Viviparous
animal
is
incorporated
of
a
litle
quantity
of
seminal
matter
,
but
that
which
sustaineth
him
afterward
is
in
a
great
aboundance
:
so
also
the
litle
Chalazae
are
sufficient
for
the
generation
of
the
Chicken
;
but
all
the
other
parts
conteined
in
the
Egge
,
serve
onely
for
his
nourishment
.
By
which
words
he
declares
,
that
he
conceived
such
a
kinde
of
substance
was
at
hand
in
the
Egge
,
for
constituting
the
model
of
the
foetus
:
lest
hee
should
seem
to
recede
any
thing
from
the
definition
of
an
Egge
,
delivered
by
Aristotle
;
namely
,
An
Egge
is
that
thing
,
out
of
part
of
which
an
Animal
is
produced
,
and
the
remainder
of
which
becomes
the
Hist.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
8.
de
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
1.
nourishment
for
it
when
it
is
produced
.
And
this
therefore
seemed
an
invincible
Argument
to
Fabricius
;
Since
there
are
three
onely
parts
in
the
Egge
;
namely
,
the
White
,
the
Yolk
,
and
the
Chalazae
:
and
the
two
first
do
only
administer
nutriment
to
the
Chicken
;
it
must
needs
be
that
the
Chalazae
only
are
the
matter
,
out
of
which
the
Chicken
is
constituted
.
Thus
then
it
fell
out
,
that
this
able
Anatomist
(
while
he
sought
in
the
Egge
some
convenient
matter
,
out
of
which
to
constitute
the
Chicken
)
being
benighted
by
a
vulgar
Heresie
,
lost
his
way
.
And
this
inconvenience
doth
likewise
befall
many
men
more
,
who
forsaking
that
light
,
which
the
frequent
dissection
of
bodies
,
and
the
familiar
converse
with
Natures
selfe
would
help
them
to
,
doe
yet
persist
to
make
discoveries
out
of
their
owne
conjectures
,
or
some
conceived
probable
arguments
,
or
the
Authority
of
former
Writers
;
when
they
themselves
ought
to
look
into
the
matter
,
and
assent
to
it
by
their
own
sense
.
No
wonder
therefore
that
infinite
errours
,
which
were
delivered
over
by
common
consent
from
the
first
dawning
of
Antiquity
,
are
handed
down
even
to
our
times
:
and
that
so
by
that
means
,
men
otherwise
very
ingenious
,
are
egregiously
deluded
;
because
they
conceive
it
plentifull
satisfaction
of
minde
to
them
,
that
they
finde
it
in
Books
,
and
have
their
memories
well
loaded
with
sage
sentences
.
For
they
that
are
thus
Philosophers
extraduce
,
by
descent
and
derivation
,
are
just
as
wise
as
their
owne
Libraries
.
To
conclude
therefore
,
there
is
in
an
Egge
(
as
we
have
often
said
)
no
distinct
part
,
or
disposed
matter
,
out
of
which
the
foetus
may
be
formed
and
fashioned
:
but
as
in
the
seeds
of
Plants
,
there
is
a
litle
point
or
budding
shot
out
;
so
is
there
in
an
Egge
,
a
small
Cicatrice
,
or
Macula
,
which
being
inspired
with
plastical
endowments
,
enlarges
it self
into
the
Oculus
or
Colliquamentum
,
out
of
which
,
and
in
which
,
the
primordia
of
the
Chicken
(
namely
the
Blood
and
Punctum
saliens
)
are
ingendered
,
nourished
,
and
augmented
,
till
they
become
a
complete
Chicken
.
Nor
is
Aristotles
definition
of
an
Egge
true
,
where
he
will
have
it
to
be
that
,
out
of
part
of
which
the
Chicken
is
made
,
and
nourished
by
the
rest
;
unless
you
understand
it
thus
:
An
Egg
is
that
,
out
of
part
of
which
a
Chicken
is
framed
,
not
as
out
of
its
Matter
,
but
as
Vir
ex
Puero
,
a
Man
is
made
out
of
a
Boy
:
or
thus
;
An
Egge
is
a
perfect
conception
,
out
of
which
the
Chicken
is
said
partly
to
be
made
,
and
partly
to
be
nourished
:
or
lastly
thus
;
An
Egge
is
that
thing
,
whose
liquors
do
serve
both
for
the
Matter
,
de
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
4.
and
Nourishment
of
the
parts
.
And
in
this
sense
Aristotle
teacheth
,
That
the
matter
of
the
foetus
in
women
is
menstruous
Blood
,
which
(
while
it
is
poured
into
the
womb
by
the
veines
)
Nature
emploies
it
to
another
use
;
namely
,
to
the
use
of
Generation
,
that
such
another
creature
may
be
made
,
as
it
would
have
been
;
for
it
is
already
such
in
potentiâ
,
in
possibility
,
as
the
bodies
from
whence
it
was
separated
;
that
is
,
the
Mothers
.
What
the
Matter
of
the
Chicken
is
,
and
how
the
Chicken
is
formed
in
the
Egge
.
EXERCIT.
XLV
.
SInce
therefore
the
truth
cannot
,
as
I
suppose
,
be
attained
out
of
the
opinions
of
other
men
,
(
whether
they
be
confirmed
by
either
their
naked
authority
,
or
probable
argumentations
)
unless
wary
experience
be
imployed
in
the
discovery
:
we
shal
declare
to
you
out
of
Natures
own
Volum
,
and
clear
Observations
,
what
the
Matter
of
the
Foetus
is
,
and
how
it
is
formed
thence
.
I
have
declared
that
one
thing
is
made
out
of
another
(
as
out
of
its
Matter
)
two
several
wayes
,
and
that
as
well
in
artificial
,
as
natural
Productions
,
but
especially
in
the
Generation
of
Animals
.
The
First
is
,
when
one
thing
is
made
of
another
thing
that
is
pre-existent
;
and
thus
a
Bedstead
is
made
out
of
Timber
,
and
a
Statue
out
of
a
Rock
,
where
the
whole
Matter
of
the
future
fabrick
was
existent
and
in
being
,
before
it
was
reduced
into
the
subsequent
shape
,
or
any
tittle
of
the
design
begun
.
But
the
other
way
is
,
when
the
matter
is
both
made
,
and
receiveth
its
form
at
the
same
time
.
As
therefore
Artificial
productions
are
perfected
two
several
waies
;
one
,
when
the
Artificer
cuts
and
divides
the
matter
which
is
provided
to
his
hands
,
and
so
by
paring
away
the
superfluous
parts
,
doth
leave
an
Image
remaining
behinde
,
as
the
Statuary
doth
:
the
other
,
when
the
Potter
formes
the
like
Image
of
Clay
,
by
adding
more
stuff
,
or
augmenting
,
and
so
fashioning
it
,
so
that
at
one
and
the
same
time
,
he
provides
,
prepares
,
fits
,
and
applies
his
materials
:
(
and
in
this
way
an
Image
or
Figure
may
be
rather
said
to
be
made
,
then
fashioned
)
so
likewise
in
the
Generation
of
Animals
;
some
are
formed
and
transfigured
,
out
of
matter
already
concocted
and
grown
;
and
all
the
parts
are
made
and
distinguished
together
per
metamorphosin
,
by
a
metamorphosis
,
so
that
a
complete
Animal
is
the
result
of
that
Generation
:
but
some
again
,
having
one
part
made
before
another
,
are
afterwards
nourished
,
augmented
,
and
formed
out
of
the
same
matter
;
that
is
,
they
have
parts
,
whereof
some
are
before
,
and
some
after
other
,
and
at
the
same
time
,
are
both
formed
,
and
grow
.
Now
the
Fabrick
or
constitution
of
these
,
proceeds
from
some
one
part
,
as
from
its
original
,
and
by
the
help
of
that
,
the
other
members
are
produced
,
and
these
we
say
are
made
per
Epigenesin
,
by
a
post-generation
,
or
after-production
;
that
is
to
say
,
by
degrees
,
part
after
part
;
and
this
is
more
properly
called
a
Generation
,
then
the
former
.
After
the
former
way
doth
the
generation
of
Insects
proceed
,
as
when
by
a
Metamorphosis
a
Worm
is
made
of
an
Egge
;
or
as
when
out
of
a
putrifying
matter
(
the
moisture
drying
,
or
the
dry
part
growing
moist
)
the
primordia
or
rudiments
are
generated
,
out
of
which
(
as
out
of
a
Canker-worm
now
grown
to
its
just
magnitude
,
or
out
of
the
worm
called
Aurelia
)
by
a
Metamorphosis
ariseth
a
Butter-flie
,
or
common
Flie
in
its
just
magnitude
or
stature
,
being
nothing
augmented
since
its
first
birth
.
But
the
more
perfect
Animals
which
have
blood
,
are
made
by
an
Epigenesis
,
or
superaddition
of
parts
,
and
do
grow
,
and
attain
their
just
stature
or
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
after
they
are
born
.
In
those
other
,
Casus
seu
Fortuna
,
Chance
or
Fortune
,
seemeth
chiefly
to
promote
the
generation
;
in
which
the
form
ariseth
ex
potentiâ
materiae
prae-existentis
,
out
of
the
power
or
potentiality
of
the
pre-existent
matter
;
and
the
matter
is
rather
the
first
cause
of
the
Generation
,
then
any
external
Efficient
.
And
hence
it
is
,
that
these
kinde
of
Animals
are
more
imperfect
,
and
do
less
continue
their
kinde
,
or
are
less
durable
,
then
Terrestrial
or
Aquatile
creatures
that
have
Blood
,
which
attain
a
Perpetuity
from
an
Univocal
principle
:
(
that
is
,
from
the
same
Species
)
the
chief
cause
whereof
we
ascribe
to
Nature
,
and
the
Vegetative
Virtue
.
Some
Animals
therefore
suâ
sponte
nascuntur
,
are
born
of
their
own
accord
,
out
of
a
Matter
digested
of
it self
,
or
else
casually
,
as
Aristotle
seems
to
assert
:
Whose
Matter
is
capable
of
mutation
of
it self
,
undergoing
that
mutation
by
Chance
,
which
seed
Metaphys
.
l.
7.
c.
9.
doth
,
in
the
generation
of
other
Animals
.
And
the
same
thing
falls
out
in
the
generation
of
Animals
,
as
in
Art
:
for
some
things
are
accomplished
by
Art
,
and
those
very
things
,
by
chance
too
;
as
Health
:
and
other
things
againe
are
never
produced
without
Art
,
as
a
House
.
Bees
,
Waspes
,
Butterflies
,
and
all
those
creatures
,
that
are
generated
out
of
a
Worm
by
a
Metamorphosis
,
are
said
to
be
Casu
orta
,
creatures
bred
by
chance
,
and
therefore
things
not
preserving
their
kind
:
but
a
Lyon
,
or
a
Cock
,
are
never
made
by
chance
,
or
of
their
own
accord
,
but
have
their
existence
from
Nature
,
or
a
more
divine
operative
faculty
;
at
whose
hands
they
rather
require
,
that
it
produce
a
Species
like
to
themselves
,
then
supply
a
fit
Matter
.
In
Generation
by
Metamorphosis
,
creatures
seem
to
be
fashioned
like
things
wrought
off
with
a
Mould
,
or
the
Print
of
a
Seale
;
where
the
whole
Matter
is
transformed
.
But
an
Animal
produced
by
Epigenesis
,
attracts
,
prepares
,
concocts
,
and
applies
the
Matter
at
the
same
time
,
and
is
at
the
same
time
formed
,
and
Augmented
.
In
those
the
Plastical
vertue
divides
the
same
fimilar
Matter
,
and
being
divided
,
disposes
,
and
reduces
it
into
members
;
out
of
a
similar
Matter
making
a
dissimilar
;
or
out
of
a
similar
subject
Matter
,
dissimilar
Organs
.
But
in
these
,
while
it
produces
diverse
parts
,
and
those
parts
diversly
disposed
,
one
after
another
;
it
requires
and
makes
a
diverse
Matter
,
and
that
Matter
diversly
disposed
,
or
qualified
,
such
as
may
be
convenient
to
the
production
of
different
parts
.
For
which
cause
we
conceive
,
that
the
Perfect
Egge
is
constituted
and
made
up
of
several
parts
.
It
therefore
is
clear
by
our
History
,
that
the
generation
of
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
,
proceeds
rather
per
Epigenesin
,
quam
per
Metamorphosin
,
by
an
Epigenesis
,
then
by
a
Metamorphosis
;
and
that
all
its
parts
are
not
constituted
at
once
,
but
successively
,
&
in
Order
;
and
that
while
it
is
augmented
it
is
also
formed
,
&
while
it
is
formed
,
it
is
also
augmented
;
as
likewise
that
some
parts
are
superadded
to
others
,
and
distinguished
from
others
;
and
that
the
beginning
,
increase
,
and
perfection
of
it
do
proceed
by
way
of
growth
,
till
at
the
last
the
Foetus
doth
result
.
For
the
forming
Faculty
of
the
Chicken
,
doth
rather
acquire
,
and
temper
its
own
Matter
,
then
find
its
Matter
ready
tempered
,
and
fitted
to
its
hand
;
and
the
Chicken
seems
more
to
be
framed
,
and
increased
by
his
own
self
,
then
by
any
other
.
And
as
all
things
are
increased
or
nourished
by
the
same
things
,
out
of
which
they
are
made
;
so
likewise
the
Chicken
is
in
all
likelyhood
made
by
the
same
thing
,
(
be
it
the
Soule
,
or
some
faculty
of
the
Soul
)
by
which
he
is
preserved
,
and
sustained
.
For
the
same
Efficient
and
Preserver
,
is
found
both
in
the
egg
&
in
the
Chicken
;
and
out
of
the
same
Matter
of
which
it
doth
constitute
the
first
particle
or
rudiments
of
the
Chicken
,
it
nourisheth
,
augmenteth
,
and
superaddeth
all
the
other
parts
.
Lastly
,
in
Generation
by
Metamorphosis
,
the
whole
is
distributed
and
distinguished
into
parts
;
but
by
Epigenesis
the
whole
is
constituted
,
and
made
of
parts
,
by
a
certain
order
and
succession
.
Wherefore
Fabricius
did
erroniously
seek
after
the
Matter
of
the
Chicken
,
(
as
if
it
were
some
distinct
part
of
the
egge
,
)
which
went
to
the
imbodying
of
the
Chicken
)
as
though
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
were
effected
by
a
Metamorphosis
,
or
transfiguration
of
some
collected
lump
or
mass
,
and
that
all
parts
of
the
body
,
at
least
the
Principal
parts
were
wrought
off
at
a
heat
,
or
(
as
himself
speaks
)
did
arise
and
were
corporated
out
of
the
same
Matter
:
and
not
by
Epigenesis
,
in
which
an
order
is
observed
according
to
the
dignity
,
and
worth
,
and
use
of
the
Parts
;
where
first
a
small
foundation
is
laid
,
which
at
the
same
time
while
it
doth
increase
,
grows
distinct
,
and
formed
,
and
so
attains
all
its
parts
by
degrees
,
according
to
their
proper
order
,
which
are
supergenerated
,
and
born
to
it
.
For
as
the
litle
top
or
point
which
jets
forth
or
protuberateth
from
the
Acorne
,
taking
heat
and
encreasing
,
multiplies
into
a
Root
,
Wood
,
Sap
,
Bark
,
Shoots
,
Tendrels
,
Boughs
,
Blossoms
,
and
Fruits
,
and
at
last
ariseth
into
a
compleat
Tree
:
such
is
the
progress
of
the
Chicken
in
the
Egge
;
the
Cicatricula
or
small
speck
,
which
is
in
the
foundation
of
the
future
Pile
,
increases
in
Oculum
,
into
an
Eye
,
and
at
the
same
instant
is
distinguished
into
a
Colliquamentum
,
or
dissolved
substance
,
in
whose
Center
is
born
the
Punctum
sanguineum
pulsans
,
the
Bloody
panting
point
,
together
with
the
Ramifications
of
the
Veins
:
from
these
doth
by
and
by
result
the
Nebula
,
or
litle
cloudy
Substance
,
and
first
concrete
Matter
of
the
future
Body
,
which
also
as
it
grows
,
is
divided
,
and
distinguished
into
parts
,
but
not
all
at
once
,
but
such
as
give
place
and
eldership
to
one
another
.
To
conclude
therefore
,
in
the
Generation
of
those
Animals
,
which
are
produced
by
Epigenesis
,
(
as
the
Chicken
in
the
Egge
is
)
we
are
not
to
enquire
a
particular
or
distinct
matter
,
out
of
which
the
productions
should
be
imbodyed
,
different
from
that
out
of
which
they
are
nourished
and
increased
:
for
it
is
nourished
and
encreased
by
the
same
matter
,
whereof
it
is
made
,
and
so
on
the
othe
hand
,
the
Pullus
in
the
Egge
is
constituted
out
of
the
same
matter
,
by
which
it
is
susteined
and
augmented
.
And
potentiâ
animal
,
an
Animal
in
potentiâ
,
is
one
and
the
same
thing
,
with
Alibile
and
Augmentativum
,
a
creature
fedde
,
and
augmented
in
potentiâ
,
(
as
we
shall
shew
hereafter
)
and
do
differ
onely
ipso
esse
formally
,
(
as
Aristotle
saith
)
but
otherwise
are
the
very
same
.
For
,
for
as
much
as
this
particular
thing
is
,
and
is
convertible
into
substance
,
Nutritivum
est
,
it
is
Nutritive
:
and
for
as
much
as
it
is
quantum
,
indued
with
quantity
,
it
is
Augmentativum
,
Augmentative
:
for
as
much
as
it
is
substituted
in
the
room
of
a
substance
that
is
lost
,
Nutrimentum
appellatur
,
it
is
called
Nutriment
:
for
as
much
as
it
is
added
to
a
substance
already
in
being
,
Incrementum
dicitur
,
it
is
called
Growth
.
And
the
same
thing
is
Materia
,
the
Matter
in
the
Generation
;
Alimentum
,
the
Sustenance
in
the
Nutrition
,
and
Incrementum
,
the
Increase
in
the
Augmentation
of
the
Chicken
.
But
that
is
formally
and
simply
said
to
be
generated
,
whereof
no
part
was
existent
before
,
but
that
to
be
nourished
and
grow
which
was
,
and
had
an
existence
or
being
before
.
That
part
of
the
Foetus
which
is
first
made
,
is
said
to
be
begotten
or
born
:
that
which
is
substituted
or
superadded
to
it
,
is
said
to
be
annate
,
aggenerate
,
or
born
to
it
.
There
is
in
al
things
the
same
generation
,
and
transmutation
from
the
same
into
the
same
:
which
is
performed
in
respect
of
a
part
,
by
Nutrition
and
Augmentation
,
but
in
respect
of
the
Whole
by
Generation
:
else
it
is
the
very
same
in
both
.
For
from
whence
the
first
existent
matter
proceeds
,
from
thence
also
doth
Nutriment
and
Growth
accrew
unto
it
.
And
it
shall
also
appear
by
that
which
shall
be
delivered
hereafter
,
that
all
Parts
of
Bodies
are
nourished
by
the
same
Nutritive
substance
diversly
transformed
or
altered
.
For
as
all
Plants
do
indifferently
spring
,
grow
,
and
are
susteined
from
the
same
Common
Nutriment
,
diversly
varied
and
digested
(
whether
it
be
Dew
,
or
the
juice
and
moisture
of
the
ground
)
so
likewise
out
of
the
same
Liquors
of
the
Egge
(
namely
,
the
White
and
Yolk
)
the
whole
Chicken
,
and
all
its
parts
are
procreated
and
encreased
.
We
will
then
also
explaine
,
what
Animals
are
begotten
by
a
Metamorphosis
:
and
what
kind
of
pre-existent
matter
that
of
the
Insects
is
,
which
spring
from
a
Worme
,
out
of
which
,
all
the
parts
are
together
constituted
and
concorporated
,
and
at
last
a
perfect
Animal
born
,
by
Transmutation
onely
:
as
also
what
Animals
have
any
order
and
degrees
in
their
production
,
and
have
their
Parts
produced
successively
:
and
what
kind
of
creatures
they
are
which
are
first
borne
imperfect
,
but
afterwards
shoot
up
,
and
attain
to
perfection
,
as
all
those
that
are
produced
out
of
an
Egge
.
These
,
as
they
are
together
made
,
and
augmented
,
growing
,
and
transformed
;
and
are
by
a
proposed
method
and
order
distinguished
into
parts
;
so
have
they
no
immediate
pre-existent
Matter
(
such
as
is
usually
designed
them
;
namely
,
the
commixture
of
the
feminine
and
masculine
seed
,
or
the
Menstruous
Blood
,
or
some
litle
portion
of
the
egge
)
out
of
which
the
foetus
should
assume
his
body
;
but
so
soon
as
ever
the
Matter
is
made
and
provided
,
it
grows
also
,
and
takes
some
shape
;
so
soon
as
there
is
a
Nutriment
,
there
is
a
creature
to
be
nourished
by
it
.
And
this
Generation
is
rather
by
Epigenesis
(
as
a
Man
is
out
of
a
Boy
)
that
is
,
the
fabrick
and
structure
of
the
body
is
out
of
the
Punctum
saliens
,
as
out
of
its
foundation
:
as
out
of
the
Keel
the
Ship
is
built
:
and
rather
as
the
Potter
forms
an
Image
,
without
any
pre-existent
Matter
;
then
out
of
any
subject
matter
:
as
the
Carpenter
forms
a
Bench
out
of
Boards
:
and
the
Statuary
a
Statue
of
Marble
.
For
out
of
the
same
matter
whence
the
first
particle
of
the
Chicken
,
or
its
least
atome
arises
,
thence
also
doth
the
whole
Chicken
proceed
:
whence
the
first
small
drop
of
Blood
,
thence
also
is
the
whole
stream
or
current
of
it
generated
in
the
egg
:
whatsoever
gives
a
consistence
or
being
to
the
members
or
organical
parts
of
the
body
,
doth
also
afford
the
same
to
all
the
similar
parts
likewise
;
as
,
to
the
Skin
,
the
Flesh
,
Veins
,
Membranes
,
Nerves
,
Cartilages
,
and
Bones
.
For
that
very
part
which
was
soft
and
fleshy
,
at
first
,
is
afterward
upon
its
increase
,
made
a
Nerve
,
Ligament
,
Tendon
,
by
the
same
Aliment
;
that
which
was
onely
a
Membrane
,
becomes
a
Coat
;
and
that
which
was
a
Gristle
,
is
afterwards
advanced
into
a
Skin
or
Bone
;
and
this
by
the
same
similar
matter
variously
altered
.
For
a
similar
mixt
body
(
which
is
commonly
conceived
to
be
framed
out
of
the
Elements
)
is
not
made
of
the
Elements
first
subsisting
apart
by
themselves
,
and
then
afterwards
compounded
,
united
,
and
altered
,
but
out
of
this
particular
mixt
body
being
altered
,
another
mixt
body
is
born
and
produced
,
that
is
,
Of
the
Colliquamentum
is
the
blood
made
,
of
the
blood
the
bulk
of
the
body
;
which
bulk
at
first
doth
appear
similar
,
and
like
the
Spermatical
Gluten
,
or
clammy
substance
;
but
from
it
the
parts
are
delineated
by
an
obscure
indiscernable
division
at
first
,
but
afterwards
become
organical
and
distinct
.
Those
similar
parts
,
I
say
,
do
not
arise
from
the
dissimilar
,
and
heterogeneous
Elements
,
united
together
,
but
are
framed
and
discriminated
by
Generations
out
of
a
similar
substance
,
and
so
become
dissimilar
.
As
if
by
the
Omnipotents
command
,
or
fiat
,
the
whole
Chicken
were
created
.
As
thus
:
let
there
be
a
similar
White
lump
,
and
let
that
lump
or
mass
be
divided
into
parts
,
and
increased
;
and
while
it
is
increased
,
let
there
be
a
secretion
and
delineation
of
the
parts
;
and
let
this
part
be
harder
,
thicker
,
and
whiter
;
and
that
softer
,
and
well
coloured
;
And
it
was
so
.
For
thus
doth
the
structure
of
the
Chicken
in
the
Egge
proceed
daily
;
out
of
one
and
the
same
matter
are
all
its
limbs
and
utensils
made
,
nourished
,
and
augmented
.
From
the
Spine
first
do
the
Ribs
grow
out
,
and
the
Bones
are
distinguished
from
the
Flesh
,
by
their
most
white
slender
Lines
:
three
Bullae
are
discernable
in
the
Head
,
which
are
all
fraught
with
a
Crystalline
Water
,
being
the
Rudiments
of
the
braine
,
After-braine
,
and
(
as
by
a
sprinckled
black
streak
is
implyed
)
of
one
of
the
Eyes
:
The
substance
which
at
first
resembleth
coagulated
milk
,
becomes
at
last
gristly
,
spinous
,
and
bony
:
and
that
which
at
first
was
white
,
and
gelly-ish
:
passeth
at
length
into
a
blushing
flesh
,
and
Parenchyma
.
That
which
was
formerly
most
transparent
and
pure
Water
,
is
transformed
anon
into
the
braine
,
After-braine
,
and
eyes
.
For
there
is
a
far
greater
,
and
diviner
mystery
in
Generation
,
then
a
bare
assembling
,
altering
,
and
compounding
of
Parts
:
for
the
Whole
is
made
and
discovered
before
its
parts
;
the
Mixt
body
before
the
Elements
.
But
of
this
more
hereafter
;
when
also
its
Causes
,
and
Principles
come
to
be
assigned
.
Of
the
Efficient
Cause
of
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
,
and
Foetus
.
EXER
.
XLVI
.
THus
far
of
the
Matter
,
out
of
which
the
Chicken
springs
in
the
Egge
:
it
remaines
now
that
we
enquire
a
little
with
Fabricius
,
concerning
the
Efficient
cause
of
the
Chicken
.
But
because
it
is
a
perplext
business
,
and
Authors
do
no
where
more
cavil
and
contend
;
and
Aristotle
himself
is
wonderful
intricate
in
explaining
it
;
and
also
many
doubts
,
not
to
be
despised
,
do
interpose
;
I
conceive
it
worth
the
while
,
(
as
we
have
done
in
making
search
after
the
Matter
)
in
the
first
place
to
set
down
,
how
many
ways
a
thing
may
be
said
to
be
Efficient
,
or
Effective
:
that
so
it
may
more
certainly
and
distinctly
appear
,
what
is
to
be
enquired
after
under
the
name
of
Efficient
;
as
also
what
is
to
be
resolved
concerning
the
opinion
of
Authors
about
this
matter
:
and
that
it
may
likewise
appear
out
of
our
own
observations
,
what
is
to
be
truely
and
properly
called
an
Efficient
.
Aristotle
defines
an
Efficient
cause
,
to
be
that
from
whence
the
first
beginning
of
Mutation
or
Rest
proceeds
;
Metaph.
l.
3.
c.
2.
&
Phys.
l.
2.
c.
28.
as
an
Adviser
;
a
Father
;
and
simply
,
he
that
doth
a
thing
,
of
the
thing
that
is
done
;
that
which
is
the
transmutor
,
of
that
which
is
transmuted
.
Whereupon
many
and
sundry
kinds
of
causes
,
from
whence
a
motion
or
mutation
doth
proceed
,
are
brought
and
amassed
in
the
Generation
of
Animals
:
sometimes
an
accident
,
or
quality
is
assigned
the
Efficient
,
and
so
the
animal
heat
,
and
forming
faculty
are
alledged
,
as
the
Efficient
.
Sometimes
an
external
substance
before
existent
,
in
which
the
plastical
power
,
and
forming
faculty
resides
;
as
the
father
,
or
the
seed
of
that
creature
by
whose
efficacy
the
Chicken
is
procreated
of
the
egge
.
Sometimes
some
internal
substance
existent
by
it self
;
as
the
spirit
,
or
Calidum
innatum
.
And
sometimes
some
other
substance
;
as
the
Form
,
or
Nature
,
or
Soul
,
or
some
Vegetative
part
of
the
Soul
:
which
kinde
of
principle
,
we
have
said
,
is
in
the
Egge
.
Moreover
,
because
some
things
from
which
mutation
doth
proceed
,
are
neerer
causes
of
it
,
and
some
more
remote
:
thereupon
sometimes
media
,
the
things
between
the
first
efficient
,
and
the
last
effect
,
and
also
the
Instruments
are
counted
Efficients
:
as
also
subordinate
ends
,
or
the
principles
of
subsequent
things
,
are
ranked
amongst
efficient
causes
;
and
hereupon
is
it
,
that
some
parts
are
called
Genital
parts
;
as
the
Heart
,
from
which
Aristotle
affirms
the
other
parts
to
proceed
,
as
is
clear
also
by
our
History
,
I
say
the
Heart
,
or
at
lest
the
rudiment
of
the
Heart
;
namely
,
the
Vesicula
,
and
Punctum
saliens
,
doth
erect
and
set
up
the
rest
of
the
Body
,
as
a
future
habitation
for
it self
:
and
when
it
is
built
,
takes
possession
,
enlivens
,
and
swayes
it
,
and
fortifies
it
with
the
superaddition
of
the
Ribs
,
and
Breast-bone
,
as
with
a
Bulwark
:
and
becomes
,
as
it
were
,
a
Tutelar
God
,
the
first
chamber
that
entertaines
the
soule
,
the
first
receptacle
of
the
primigenial
heat
,
and
the
Vestal
animal-fire
;
the
source
and
fountain
of
all
the
Faculties
,
and
the
only
solace
in
Afflications
.
Again
,
since
the
Efficient
is
so
called
,
in
order
to
the
Effect
;
seeing
by
Epigenesis
some
parts
are
after
other
in
order
,
and
divers
also
spring
from
those
that
are
before
them
:
it
is
therefore
probable
,
that
as
the
Effects
,
so
the
Efficients
are
also
diverse
;
which
produce
diverse
works
,
from
which
also
diverse
mutations
do
proceed
.
So
Physitians
,
in
the
Physiological
part
of
Physick
,
do
constitute
some
Instruments
of
Chylification
,
some
of
Sanguification
,
and
some
of
Generation
:
and
some
Anatomists
,
an
Ossifical
,
Carnifical
,
and
a
Nervifical
faculty
;
which
they
depute
to
make
the
Bones
,
the
Flesh
,
and
the
Nerves
.
But
in
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
,
the
efficient
causes
must
needs
differ
,
by
reason
of
the
several
actions
relating
to
it
,
which
differ
very
much
;
which
,
though
they
may
seem
Efficientes
per
accidens
,
contingent
Efficients
of
Generation
,
yet
are
they
necessarily
required
,
since
nothing
could
be
done
without
their
associat
ayd
.
For
while
they
remove
external
Impediments
,
or
do
cherish
,
or
awaken
the
conception
,
and
de
potentiâ
in
actum
deducunt
,
raise
it
from
possibility
into
actual
being
,
they
are
justly
stiled
efficients
.
And
in
this
Rowle
,
the
Incubation
of
the
Hen
,
the
temper
and
warmth
of
the
Place
,
and
Air
,
the
Spring-time
,
and
the
approach
of
the
Sun
by
the
Zodiack
,
may
be
well
listed
:
as
also
the
preparing
causes
,
which
cause
the
Yolk
to
ascend
,
the
Macula
to
be
dilated
,
and
the
resolution
,
or
melting
of
the
humours
in
the
Egge
,
may
be
mustered
amongst
efficients
.
And
then
the
Generative
and
Architectonical
faculties
,
which
Fabricius
calls
parts
,
are
to
be
numbred
with
the
efficient
causes
;
as
,
the
Immutatrix
,
Concoctrix
,
Formatrix
,
&
Auctrix
,
the
Altering
,
Concocting
,
Forming
,
and
Augmenting
faculty
;
as
also
those
causes
that
are
efficients
in
the
Accidents
relating
to
the
Chicken
,
as
that
,
by
which
the
Chicken
is
either
a
Cock
or
a
Henne
,
resembling
the
He
or
Shee-parent
:
and
that
in
relation
to
the
form
of
the
Cock
which
was
concerned
in
the
former
,
or
latter
coition
:
whence
it
comes
to
pass
that
the
Chicken
is
an
animal
,
and
that
an
entire
one
,
and
not
dismembered
,
sturdy
,
and
sound
,
not
diseased
,
and
crasie
,
but
a
long
liver
;
and
retaining
the
Species
,
or
degenerating
from
it
;
or
proves
a
Monster
,
or
of
a
mixt
race
.
Lastly
,
since
in
treating
of
the
efficient
cause
of
the
foetus
,
we
discover
the
notable
structure
of
it
,
and
the
actions
,
functions
,
uses
,
and
benefits
of
all
the
parts
and
members
,
and
with
what
prudence
,
skill
,
and
judgment
,
by
how
divine
an
inspiration
all
things
are
managed
,
and
artificially
composed
for
the
advantage
of
Life
:
we
must
not
only
amuse
our selves
in
inquiring
,
which
is
the
Efficient
,
Architect
,
and
Projector
,
but
also
adore
,
and
admire
the
Omnipotent
Author
and
Preserver
of
so
great
a
Fabrick
(
as
justly
merits
the
title
of
a
Microcosme
.
)
We
also
enquire
,
when
,
and
whence
it
proceedeth
;
and
where
this
divine
Vicar
,
and
Vice-Roy
of
the
deity
,
which
is
analogous
to
the
substance
of
Stars
,
and
neer
allyed
to
Art
,
and
Intellect
,
takes
up
its
residence
,
and
keeps
its
Court.
It
is
apparent
therefore
by
what
hath
been
said
,
that
it
is
a
difficult
thing
to
enumerate
all
the
efficient
causes
of
the
Pullus
:
and
we
must
needs
referre
the
fuller
disquisition
of
the
thing
to
a
general
consideration
;
nor
is
it
possible
to
treat
fully
and
profitably
of
those
things
which
agree
to
all
in
general
,
out
of
the
single
generation
of
the
Chicken
(
without
a
clearer
light
borrowed
by
experience
from
other
Animals
.
)
And
that
the
rather
,
because
Aristotle
himself
hath
recounted
so
many
various
efficient
principles
of
Animals
:
For
sometimes
he
ordaines
[
a
](A43030-e92800-b)
a
Metaphys
.
1.
2.
&
4.
1.
the
Male
the
chief
efficient
cause
,
as
in
whom
the
Ratio
pulli
,
the
Reason
or
ground
of
the
Made
Chicken
consists
:
according
to
that
,
[
b
](A43030-e92860-b)
b
Meta.
7.
10.
all
things
are
made
by
the
same
Univocal
.
Sometimes
,
[
c
](A43030-e92890-b)
c
De
par.
an.
1.
1.
the
Males
seed
:
or
[
d
](A43030-e92920-b)
d
De
gen.
an.
1.
20.
the
Nature
of
the
Male
ejecting
seed
.
Sometimes
,
[
e
](A43030-e92950-b)
e
Ibid.
l.
2.
c.
3.
that
which
is
in
the
seed
,
causing
seed
to
be
fruitfull
;
namely
,
the
Spirit
,
and
the
nature
in
that
Spirit
,
answerable
in
proportion
to
the
substance
of
the
Starres
.
Else
where
,
[
f
](A43030-e92990-b)
f
l.
5.
c.
3.
heat
,
[
g
](A43030-e93030-b)
g
l.
4.
c.
2.
moderate
heat
,
[
h
](A43030-e93070-b)
h
l.
4.
c.
4.
a
certain
proportionable
degree
of
heat
,
[
i
](A43030-e93110-b)
i
De
par.
an.
2.
2.
the
heat
in
the
Blood
;
and
in
some
places
,
the
heat
of
the
Ambient
Aire
.
Likewise
[
k
](A43030-e93150-b)
k
De
gen.
an.
4.
2.
the
Winds
,
the
Sun
,
the
Heavens
,
Jupiter
,
the
Soul
,
and
in
general
,
Nature
,
which
is
the
Principle
of
Motion
and
Rest
.
And
so
by
the
same
rule
,
Any
of
the
Stoicks
,
who
thought
the
Soul
to
be
fire
,
may
decree
fire
the
efficient
cause
of
Animals
;
because
fire
doth
nourish
and
augment
it self
,
and
seems
in
some
sort
to
live
at
its
own
dispose
De
gen.
&
corrup
.
l.
2.
c.
30.
and
liberty
:
though
not
our
destructive
culinary
fire
,
but
the
Natural
,
Celestial
,
Vegetative
,
De
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
c.
Generating
,
and
Healthy
fire
,
which
the
Heathen
worshipped
by
the
name
of
Jupiter
,
whom
they
called
the
Father
of
Men
and
Things
;
not
his
lame
Brother
Vulcan
,
(
whose
ayd
and
benefit
we
notwithstanding
daily
use
in
several
employments
to
our
great
advantage
)
but
the
divine
,
Animal
Spirit
,
the
Author
of
Living
creatures
.
And
therefore
Aristotle
saith
,
That
this
question
concerning
the
Efficient
is
very
dubious
;
namely
,
Whether
it
be
an
extrinsecal
thing
,
or
something
inserted
in
the
Geniture
or
Seed
:
and
Whether
it
be
a
part
of
the
soul
,
or
the
soul
,
or
something
which
hath
a
soul
.
Wherefore
that
we
may
deliver
and
rid
our selves
of
the
maze
and
labyrinth
of
the
manifold
Efficient
causes
,
in
this
disquisition
of
the
Efficient
of
the
Chicken
,
we
have
need
of
Ariadnes
Clew
,
woven
and
cunningly
wrought
of
the
Observations
of
almost
all
Creatures
living
.
And
therefore
it
is
to
be
deferred
to
a
more
general
Inquest
.
In
the
mean
time
,
we
shall
recount
those
things
,
which
relating
to
the
particular
generation
of
the
Chicken
out
of
the
egge
,
do
manifestly
appear
,
or
are
strangers
to
the
common
perswasion
,
or
else
do
require
any
further
search
.
How
the
Efficient
cause
of
the
Chicken
doth
operate
,
according
to
Aristotle
.
EXERCIT.
XLVII
.
ALl
men
generally
confess
the
Male
to
be
the
primary
efficient
cause
in
Generation
;
as
in
whom
the
Species
or
Form
resides
:
And
they
farther
affirm
,
that
his
Geniture
being
emitted
in
coition
doth
cause
both
the
being
,
and
fertility
of
the
Egge
.
But
how
the
seed
of
the
Cock
doth
produce
the
chicken
out
of
the
Egge
,
neither
the
Antient
nor
Modern
Philosophers
and
Physitians
have
sufficiently
explained
,
nor
yet
solved
the
question
proposed
by
Aristotle
.
Nay
Aristotle
himself
hath
not
done
it
.
He
saith
,
The
Male
doth
not
conduce
to
the
Quantity
,
but
the
Quality
;
and
is
Principium
Motûs
,
the
De
gen.
an
l.
1.
c.
20.
Principle
of
Mutation
;
but
the
Female
contributes
the
matter
.
And
a
while
after
:
Every
Male
doth
not
emit
seed
,
nor
is
it
any
part
of
the
Foetus
,
in
those
that
do
emit
it
:
As
nothing
which
passeth
from
the
Carpenter
contributes
to
the
matter
of
the
Wood
;
nor
is
there
any
part
of
the
Carpenters
art
in
that
which
is
made
,
but
the
form
and
species
doth
exist
in
the
matter
per
motum
ab
illo
,
by
the
motion
or
mutation
which
proceeds
from
him
.
Now
the
soule
in
which
the
form
and
knowledge
is
,
moves
the
hands
,
or
other
members
,
by
the
motion
of
a
certain
quality
;
which
motion
is
either
diverse
,
in
such
as
make
a
diverse
thing
,
or
the
same
in
such
as
make
the
same
.
But
the
hands
and
instruments
move
the
matter
.
So
the
Nature
of
the
Male
which
emitteth
seed
,
imployes
that
seed
,
as
an
Instrument
,
and
having
motion
actually
in
it
,
as
in
the
productions
of
Art
the
Instruments
are
moved
;
for
in
them
,
in
some
sort
,
the
motion
of
Art
is
implanted
.
By
which
words
he
seems
to
imply
,
that
Generation
is
made
by
the
motion
of
a
certain
Quality
.
As
in
Art
,
though
the
first
cause
(
namely
ratio
operis
,
the
reason
or
ground
of
the
work
)
be
in
the
soul
of
the
Artist
;
yet
afterward
the
work
is
effected
by
the
motion
of
the
hands
,
or
other
Instruments
;
and
though
the
first
cause
be
removed
(
as
in
automatis
,
things
that
seem
to
move
of
themselves
)
yet
is
it
in
some
sort
said
to
move
that
,
which
at
present
it
doth
not
touch
,
but
hath
touched
formerly
,
so
long
as
the
motion
goes
on
in
the
Instruments
.
And
in
the
following
Book
he
hath
these
words
:
The
seed
of
the
Male
when
now
it
hath
access
into
the
womb
of
the
Female
,
it
doth
coagulate
,
and
cause
a
consistence
in
the
purest
part
of
the
excrement
(
meaning
the
menstruous
blood
residing
in
the
womb
)
and
doth
transmute
the
matter
which
lies
ready
in
the
womb
by
such
a
motion
or
mutation
,
that
at
last
,
though
the
seed
vanish
after
the
motion
is
performed
,
some
part
of
the
foetus
is
existent
,
and
that
an
animate
part
(
as
the
heart
)
which
now
doth
augment
and
dispose
it self
,
as
a
Son
who
is
free
from
his
Father
,
and
hath
taken
a
house
of
his
own
.
It
is
necessary
therefore
that
there
be
some
principle
by
which
afterwards
the
order
of
the
members
may
be
delineated
,
and
all
things
disposed
,
which
pertain
to
the
absolution
and
complement
of
the
Animal
;
and
from
which
growth
and
motion
may
arrive
to
the
rest
of
the
parts
,
and
be
the
author
of
all
the
similar
and
dissimilar
parts
,
and
of
their
last
aliment
.
For
that
which
is
now
an
Animal
,
doth
increase
;
but
the
last
aliment
of
the
Animal
is
blood
,
or
something
proportionable
to
blood
,
whose
vessels
and
receptacles
are
the
Veines
.
Now
the
principle
or
original
of
the
veines
is
the
Heart
.
But
the
Veines
like
Roots
extend
even
to
the
womb
,
by
which
the
Foetus
draweth
his
aliment
.
The
Heart
also
being
the
beginning
of
the
whole
nature
,
and
also
the
containing
End
,
ought
to
be
made
first
,
as
being
a
genital
part
of
its
own
nature
;
which
must
needs
be
the
first
,
as
the
original
of
the
rest
,
and
of
the
whole
Animal
,
and
of
Sense
:
in
whose
heat
(
because
all
the
parts
are
in
the
matter
potentially
)
since
the
principle
of
motion
did
abide
,
that
which
follows
afterwards
,
is
stirred
up
by
it
,
as
in
those
self-moving
miracles
;
and
the
parts
are
moved
,
not
shifting
their
places
,
but
altering
in
softness
,
hardness
,
heat
,
and
other
distinctions
of
similar
parts
,
being
now
actually
made
,
which
were
potentially
before
.
This
is
Aristotles
opinion
almost
word
for
word
,
by
which
he
conceives
the
foetus
to
be
made
of
seed
by
motion
;
though
it
do
not
at
present
continue
touching
it
,
but
hath
touched
it
formerly
:
a
nice
opinion
,
and
of
a
fine
thread
;
and
according
to
those
things
which
are
discovered
in
the
order
of
the
generation
of
the
parts
,
not
improbable
.
For
the
heart
,
together
with
the
ramifications
of
the
Veins
,
is
discerned
first
;
as
being
an
animate
principle
,
in
which
both
sense
and
motion
reside
;
and
being
also
like
a
free
Son
,
and
a
Genital
part
,
by
which
the
order
of
the
member
is
delineated
,
and
all
things
conducing
to
the
accomplishment
of
an
Animal
,
are
disposed
,
and
having
all
those
attributes
which
Aristotle
bestowes
upon
it
.
But
it
seems
impossible
that
the
heart
should
be
made
in
the
egge
by
the
males
seed
;
since
that
seed
is
neither
in
the
egge
,
nor
doth
touch
,
nor
ever
did
touch
it
:
because
it
neither
enters
the
womb
(
where
the
egge
is
made
)
as
Fabricius
confesseth
,
nor
is
any
way
attracted
by
it
;
and
besides
this
,
the
mothers
blood
is
not
in
the
egge
neither
,
nor
any
other
prepared
matter
,
out
of
which
the
males
seed
might
form
this
first
genital
part
,
the
author
of
all
the
rest
.
Nor
yet
presently
upon
coition
(
while
the
seed
as
yet
remaines
within
,
and
is
tangent
)
doth
any
particle
of
the
chicken
exist
,
but
many
dayes
after
,
upon
Incubation
.
And
it
is
likewise
improbable
too
,
that
in
fishes
,
where
the
males
geniture
only
toucheth
the
egge
on
the
outside
,
but
doth
not
enter
into
it
,
that
the
geniture
should
have
any
more
operation
and
power
upon
it
,
(
since
it
is
meerly
an
external
Agent
)
then
the
Cocks
seed
hath
upon
the
Hennes
egges
which
are
now
perfectly
formed
.
Again
,
since
presently
after
coition
there
is
no
track
of
the
egge
extant
,
but
that
it
is
afterwards
generated
by
the
Henne
by
her self
,
and
that
prolifical
too
,
when
now
the
Cocks
seed
is
clean
gone
and
vanished
;
it
is
unlikely
that
the
foetus
should
be
made
by
that
seed
in
that
egge
,
by
one
single
motion
,
or
by
successive
motions
.
Nor
do
prolifical
eggs
differ
from
improlifical
,
and
subventaneons
in
this
,
that
the
former
contain
the
Cocks
seed
(
as
Aldrovandus
would
have
it
;
)
nor
is
there
found
any
thing
done
or
coagulated
in
the
egge
by
the
seed
of
the
male
,
or
any
sensible
alteration
made
,
(
for
there
is
no
sensible
difference
at
all
between
a
prolifical
,
and
an
addle
egge
)
and
yet
a
prolifical
,
which
is
conceived
a
long
time
after
coition
,
contains
in
it
the
power
of
both
Sexes
,
and
the
capacity
of
being
made
,
and
of
making
a
chicken
:
as
if
it
had
deduced
its
original
from
the
coition
of
both
Sexes
,
and
their
consent
and
conspiring
together
in
one
,
as
Aristotle
would
have
it
;
De
gen.
an
.
l.
1
c.
18.
who
being
pressed
by
that
argument
,
(
as
we
have
declared
before
concerning
the
generation
of
the
egge
)
did
constitute
a
soul
in
the
egge
;
which
if
it
be
there
,
must
without
scruple
be
the
principle
and
efficient
,
of
all
those
things
which
are
naturally
met
with
in
the
egge
.
For
it
is
most
certaine
,
What
thing
soever
at
last
it
prove
which
doth
procreate
the
chicken
out
of
the
egge
,
(
in
whose
fabrick
so
much
skill
,
so
divine
contrivance
and
providence
is
required
;
fitting
eyes
for
sight
,
the
bill
for
reception
of
the
meat
,
the
feet
for
walking
,
the
wings
for
flight
,
and
all
the
other
Utensils
for
some
emploiment
or
other
)
that
it
is
either
a
soul
,
or
else
something
more
worthy
and
excellent
then
a
soul
,
working
by
wisdom
and
providence
.
And
by
the
generation
of
the
chicken
it
is
also
manifest
,
that
whatsoever
be
the
principium
vitae
,
the
first
cause
of
life
,
and
vegetation
,
was
first
of
all
in
the
heart
.
Wherefore
,
if
it
be
the
soul
of
the
Chicken
,
it
is
plain
that
it
also
was
in
the
Punctum
saliens
,
and
in
the
Blood
;
because
we
discover
motion
&
sense
there
:
for
it
moves
and
dances
like
an
Animal
;
so
that
if
the
soule
do
exist
in
the
Punctum
saliens
,
building
,
nourishing
,
and
enlarging
the
rest
of
the
body
,
(
as
we
have
shewed
in
our
History
)
Then
it
flowes
from
the
Heart
as
from
the
Spring-head
into
the
whole
body
.
Likewise
if
the
Egge
be
therefore
Prolifical
because
de
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
4.
it
hath
a
soul
,
or
(
as
Aristotle
would
have
it
)
a
part
of
the
Vegetative
soul
;
it
is
plaine
,
that
the
Punctum
saliens
,
and
the
Genital
animate
part
,
doe
proceed
from
the
Soul
of
the
egge
;
(
for
nothing
is
the
Author
of
it self
)
and
that
the
soul
is
derived
from
the
egge
into
the
Punctum
saliens
,
by
and
by
into
the
Heart
,
and
at
length
into
the
Chicken
.
Adde
to
these
,
if
the
egge
have
a
prolifical
vertue
,
and
Vegetative
soul
,
by
which
it
erects
a
Pullus
;
and
do
owe
them
(
as
it
is
plain
it
doth
,
and
all
men
confess
it
)
to
the
seed
of
the
Cock
;
it
is
then
certain
that
this
Seed
is
Animate
:
For
so
Aristotle
:
Whether
the
seed
have
a
soul
or
no
;
there
is
the
same
reason
Ibid.
l.
2.
c.
1.
to
be
given
for
it
as
for
the
Parts
.
For
no
soul
can
be
in
any
thing
but
in
that
whose
soul
it
is
;
nor
can
there
be
any
part
which
is
not
partaker
of
the
soul
:
unless
it
be
an
aequivocal
part
,
as
the
eye
of
a
dead
man
.
That
therefore
the
seed
hath
a
soul
,
and
a
being
in
potentiâ
,
is
clear
.
It
therefore
follows
out
of
what
hath
been
said
,
that
the
Male
is
the
Primary
Efficient
,
in
which
Ratio
,
&
forma
,
the
Reason
and
Form
is
;
which
Efficient
begets
a
prolifical
seed
,
or
Geniture
rather
,
and
that
Geniture
endowed
with
a
Vegetative
soul
,
(
with
which
also
its
other
parts
are
endowed
)
he
doth
transmit
into
the
female
.
This
Geniture
being
transmitted
,
it
moveth
the
Matter
in
the
Hen
,
that
so
an
Animate
egge
may
be
produced
;
by
which
means
the
first
particle
of
the
Chicken
is
animated
,
and
afterwards
the
whole
Chicken
.
So
that
according
to
Aristotle
,
either
the
same
soul
is
conveied
by
a
Metempsychosis
,
from
the
Cock
into
his
Geniture
,
from
his
Geniture
into
the
substance
of
the
Hen
,
from
thence
into
the
egge
,
and
from
the
egge
into
the
Chicken
;
or
else
is
raised
up
in
the
subsequent
by
the
precedent
things
,
namely
by
the
Male
,
in
his
proper
seed
;
by
the
seed
,
in
the
egg
:
and
at
last
by
the
egge
,
in
the
Chicken
,
tanquam
lumen
de
lumine
,
as
light
derived
from
light
.
The
Efficient
therefore
which
is
sought
for
in
the
egge
,
from
whence
the
Chicken
is
born
,
is
a
soul
;
and
the
soul
of
the
Egge
:
for
according
to
Aristotle
,
the
soul
is
onely
in
that
thing
,
whose
soule
it
is
.
But
it
is
manifest
that
the
Seed
of
the
Male
is
not
the
Efficient
of
the
Chicken
,
neither
an
Instrument
,
by
whose
motion
the
Chicken
might
be
formed
,
(
as
Aristotle
would
have
it
)
nor
as
an
Animate
substance
,
as
if
the
soul
were
its
soul
.
For
in
the
egge
there
is
no
seed
at
all
,
either
now
touching
it
,
or
that
ever
did
touch
it
,
(
and
it
is
impossible
that
that
should
move
,
which
doth
not
touch
;
or
that
any
thing
should
be
affected
by
that
,
which
doth
not
move
it
)
and
therefore
the
seeds
soul
ought
not
to
be
said
to
be
in
it
.
And
yet
though
the
soul
be
the
Efficient
in
the
Egge
,
yet
it
doth
not
appear
to
be
derived
rather
from
the
Cock
,
or
his
seed
,
then
from
the
Hen.
Nor
is
it
transferred
by
a
Metempsychosis
,
or
certain
translation
of
the
soul
from
the
Cock
and
his
seed
,
into
the
egge
,
and
thence
into
the
Chicken
?
For
how
can
it
be
translated
into
the
Egges
that
are
yet
to
come
,
and
to
be
conceived
after
Coition
?
Unless
some
Animate
Seed
do
lurke
in
the
Hen
all
the
while
;
or
else
the
soul
onely
without
seed
be
translated
,
that
so
it
may
be
afterwards
infused
into
the
Egge
when
the
Egg
shall
be
made
.
But
neither
of
these
is
true
.
For
the
seed
is
no
where
found
in
the
Hen:
nor
is
it
possible
that
the
Hen
should
after
Coition
possess
two
souls
;
namely
,
her
own
,
and
the
soul
of
the
future
eggs
,
and
Chickens
:
for
the
soul
is
never
said
to
be
,
but
in
that
whose
soul
it
is
:
much
lesse
can
one
,
or
more
souls
lye
lurking
in
the
Hen
,
that
so
they
may
attend
the
future
eggs
and
chickens
which
are
to
be
born
in
their
order
.
We
have
deduced
these
passages
out
of
Aristotle
,
that
from
them
it
might
appear
,
how
the
Cocks
seed
doth
,
according
to
him
,
produce
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
,
that
so
some
light
might
be
afforded
to
this
perplext
disquisition
.
But
seeing
they
do
not
explaine
how
this
business
is
accomplished
,
nor
yet
salve
his
own
objections
;
we
are
still
sticking
in
the
same
mire
,
and
involved
in
the
same
doubts
,
(
concerning
the
Efficient
cause
of
the
Foetus
,
in
the
Generation
of
Animals
)
nay
so
far
are
we
from
receiving
any
clear
satisfaction
,
that
we
are
rather
more
perplext
,
and
to
seek
,
then
we
were
before
.
And
therefore
no
wonder
this
excellent
Philosopher
was
in
the
streights
concerning
this
matter
,
and
did
therefore
range
together
so
many
several
sorts
of
efficient
causes
of
Animals
,
and
sometims
betake
himself
to
examples
drawn
from
Automata
,
things
seeming
to
move
of
themselves
,
sometimes
to
coagulatedmatter
,
sometimes
to
Art
,
Instruments
,
and
Motion
;
sometimes
to
the
soul
in
the
egge
,
and
in
the
seed
of
the
Male
,
(
to
illustrate
the
thing
)
and
where
he
seems
to
be
positive
and
settle
upon
some
determination
,
concerning
what
it
may
be
,
that
should
render
the
Seed
,
(
be
it
of
Plants
,
or
Animals
)
fertile
;
he
renounces
Heat
and
Fire
,
as
improper
Agents
;
nor
doth
he
admit
any
such
like
faculty
;
nor
can
he
find
out
any
thing
in
the
seed
it self
,
which
should
be
fit
for
the
undertaking
;
but
is
compelled
to
admit
of
a
certain
Incorporeal
extrinsecal
thing
,
which
should
(
like
Art
,
or
the
Minde
)
form
the
foetus
by
wisedom
and
providence
,
and
ordain
and
institute
all
things
relating
to
it
,
to
some
end
and
purpose
,
and
to
its
better
subsistence
.
He
takes
,
I
say
,
sanctuary
,
in
an
obscure
and
ignote
thing
;
namely
,
in
a
spirit
contained
in
the
seed
and
frothy
substance
,
and
a
certain
nature
in
that
spirit
answerable
in
proportion
to
the
substance
of
the
Stars
.
But
what
that
should
be
,
he
no
where
reveals
.
Fabricius
his
Opinion
concerning
the
Efficient
cause
of
the
Chicken
is
confuted
.
EXERCIT.
XLVIII
.
SInce
I
have
proposed
Aristotle
,
the
chiefest
of
the
old
Philosophers
,
and
Hieronymus
Fabricius
ab
Aquapendente
,
an
eminent
Anatomist
amongst
the
Modern
,
to
be
my
Leaders
,
that
from
them
I
might
chiefly
be
enlightened
concerning
the
generation
of
Animals
,
and
since
I
cannot
better
my self
by
Aristotle
,
I
have
resolved
to
set
upon
Fabricius
,
to
see
what
account
he
can
give
of
it
.
Now
he
attempts
to
give
resolution
to
three
doubts
arising
in
the
case
:
namely
,
First
,
What
is
the
Efficient
of
the
Chicken
?
and
that
he
concludes
to
be
the
Males
seed
.
2.
How
this
appears
in
the
egg
to
be
so
,
and
by
what
means
the
Cocks
seed
doth
rinder
the
egge
fertile
?
Lastly
,
In
what
Order
are
the
parts
of
the
Chicken
procreated
?
As
for
the
first
,
it
appears
out
of
our
Observations
,
that
the
Cock
and
his
seed
are
indeed
the
Efficicient
cause
of
Generation
,
but
not
the
adaequate
cause
;
but
that
the
Henne
also
comes
in
for
a
share
.
In
this
place
therefore
we
must
chiefly
enquire
,
how
the
Cocks
seed
doth
fructifie
the
Egge
,
and
raise
a
Chicken
out
of
it
,
which
would
else
be
subventaneous
,
and
improlifical
.
But
let
us
give
ear
to
Fabricius
:
Those
creatures
,
that
are
produced
out
of
an
egge
,
are
different
from
those
which
are
born
out
of
seed
;
in
this
,
that
Oviparous
creatures
have
a
matter
,
out
of
which
the
Chicken
is
corporated
,
distinct
and
separate
from
the
Agent
:
but
Viviparous
creatures
have
both
the
material
and
efficient
cause
adjoyned
,
and
concorporated
together
.
For
the
Agent
in
Oviparous
creatures
,
is
the
seed
of
the
Cock
in
the
feathered
kind
,
which
neither
is
,
nor
can
be
in
the
Egge
:
but
the
matter
out
of
which
the
Chicken
is
corporated
,
is
the
Chalaza
.
These
two
are
much
distant
one
from
another
;
for
the
Chalaza
is
in
the
Yolk
now
formed
,
and
fallen
into
the
second
Uterus
,
and
is
adjoyned
intimately
to
the
egge
:
on
the
contrary
,
the
Cocks
seed
remains
neer
the
fundament
,
and
is
removed
from
the
Chalaza
by
a
large
chasme
,
and
yet
by
its
irradiating
faculty
it
fructifies
both
the
Uterus
,
and
all
the
egge
.
But
in
a
Viviparous
animal
,
the
seed
is
both
the
Matter
,
and
the
Efficient
too
,
both
being
contracted
into
one
body
.
He
seems
to
have
introduced
this
difference
between
Oviparous
and
Viviparous
Animals
;
that
so
he
might
countenance
the
opinion
of
Physitians
concerning
the
Generation
of
Man
,
or
at
least
not
subvert
it
;
who
conceive
that
the
seeds
of
both
Sexes
,
ejected
together
in
coition
are
mingled
,
and
according
as
the
one
prevailes
over
the
other
,
so
the
one
approves
it self
the
Efficient
,
and
the
other
submits
it self
to
become
the
Matter
;
so
that
they
both
conspiring
together
,
do
constitute
the
conception
in
Viviparous
Animals
.
But
when
he
had
observed
,
that
neither
Seed
nor
Blood
is
attracted
by
means
of
coition
into
the
womb
of
the
Hen
,
nor
contained
there
,
and
could
not
believe
,
that
any
thing
emitted
from
the
cock
in
coition
,
could
possibly
arrive
so
farre
,
nor
could
finde
any
thing
in
the
Egge
,
that
is
adjoined
to
the
males
seed
,
he
was
enforced
to
doubt
,
how
the
seed
(
which
is
no
where
present
with
,
nor
mingled
amongst
the
feminine
geniture
,
nor
is
adjoined
to
it
,
nor
doth
so
much
as
touch
it
at
all
)
should
constitute
the
Chicken
,
or
fructifie
the
Egge
?
especially
when
he
had
before
delivered
,
that
from
some
premised
coitions
,
all
the
eggs
that
were
to
be
layed
that
year
,
were
made
prolifical
.
For
how
could
it
chuse
but
seem
impossible
,
that
from
the
seed
of
the
cock
received
in
the
Spring
(
but
now
departed
,
lost
,
and
consumed
)
the
posthume
eggs
(
layed
possibly
in
Summer
or
Autumne
)
should
be
rendered
fruitfull
,
and
produce
chickens
?
That
he
might
rid
his
hands
of
this
grand
difficultie
,
he
coined
the
fore-said
distinction
;
and
to
ratifie
his
opinion
,
he
adds
three
farther
Assertions
:
First
,
that
though
the
cocks
seed
were
neither
in
the
Egge
,
nor
at
any
time
in
the
Womb
,
nor
adjoined
to
the
material
cause
,
(
as
it
is
in
Viviparous
Animals
)
yet
it
continues
for
a
whole
year
in
the
hen
.
Secondly
,
to
reserve
this
seed
in
,
he
invents
a
dark
perforation
,
neer
the
door
of
the
Womb
,
wherein
the
cock
should
deposite
his
seed
,
and
in
which
(
as
in
a
pouch
)
it
should
be
concluded
;
that
thence
all
the
eggs
might
receive
their
fertility
.
Lastly
,
though
the
seed
in
that
pouch
,
neither
touch
the
womb
,
the
egge
,
nor
the
Ovary
,
that
by
that
means
it
might
fructifie
the
egge
,
or
raise
a
Chicken
out
of
it
;
yet
,
he
saith
,
that
it
gains
addresses
into
the
very
egge
,
by
the
insinuation
,
or
irradiation
of
a
certain
spiritual
substance
in
it
,
and
by
those
arts
doth
fructifie
the
Chalazae
,
and
so
model
a
Chicken
.
And
yet
by
that
assertion
lie
seems
to
confirme
Aristotles
opinion
(
who
assures
us
that
the
female
contributes
the
matter
,
and
the
male
the
efficiency
to
generation
)
which
is
contrary
to
the
Physitians
position
concerning
the
commixture
of
seeds
:
for
whose
sake
he
seems
to
have
introduced
his
fore-said
distinction
between
Oviparous
,
and
Viviparous
Animals
.
And
that
this
his
opinion
may
seem
more
probable
,
he
recites
what
changes
and
alterations
the
seed
reserved
in
the
Testicles
and
seminary
Vesicles
,
not
yet
emitted
,
doth
procure
in
Animals
.
But
to
take
no
notice
that
all
this
makes
litle
to
his
purpose
:
(
for
the
question
in
chief
is
not
,
How
the
Cocks
seed
doth
render
the
egge
fertile
?
but
rather
,
How
it
doth
frame
and
erect
a
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
?
)
all
those
things
which
he
hath
conjured
up
to
guard
his
opinion
,
seem
for
the
most
part
false
,
or
very
suspicious
;
as
appears
by
our
Observations
delivered
in
this
History
.
For
neither
is
that
blinde
perforation
in
the
root
of
the
rump
(
which
he
calls
the
purse
,
or
pouch
)
destined
to
cubbard
up
the
Cocks
seed
,
nor
is
there
(
as
we
have
said
)
any
seed
at
all
found
in
it
:
but
it
is
an
empty
unprovided
thing
both
in
the
Cock
,
and
Henne
.
But
what
he
would
have
by
his
spiritual
substance
,
and
irradiation
,
he
is
yet
to
acquaint
us
,
as
also
what
substance
hee
understands
that
to
be
,
which
he
affirms
,
doth
by
its
virtue
vivifie
the
egg
,
Whether
a
corporeal
,
or
formal
substance
,
which
should
proceed
from
the
irradiation
of
the
seed
,
(
which
lies
at
roost
in
the
pouch
)
and
(
which
is
chiefly
required
)
should
fashion
the
Chicken
out
of
the
egge
.
To
conclude
,
in
my
minde
,
he
saith
no
more
in
substance
then
this
:
It
makes
the
Chicken
,
because
it
irradiates
the
Egge
;
and
forms
it
,
because
it
vivifies
it
:
and
so
he
labours
to
reveal
and
illustrate
the
obscure
manner
of
formation
,
by
one
more
obscure
then
it self
.
For
the
same
scruple
returns
entire
;
namely
,
how
the
Cocks
seed
,
a
meer
nontangent
,
an
external
efficient
,
and
disjoyned
by
place
,
remaining
in
the
pouch
,
can
fashion
the
interiour
parts
(
that
is
,
the
Heart
,
Liver
,
Lungs
,
and
Guts
,
&c.
)
in
the
egge
out
of
the
Chalazae
,
by
Irradiation
?
Unless
he
will
have
it
sitting
in
its
chair
of
State
,
like
the
Creator
of
all
,
only
by
this
word
of
comman
,
Fiant
,
Let
all
things
be
so
;
(
namely
the
Bones
for
Support
,
the
Muscles
for
Motion
,
the
Organs
for
Sense
;
the
Members
for
Action
,
the
Intrals
for
Concoction
,
and
the
like
)
and
so
order
,
and
by
its
beams
or
influence
constitute
all
things
to
their
proper
end
,
with
providence
,
wisdom
,
and
art
.
For
neither
doth
Fabricius
expound
the
manner
,
nor
yet
demonstrate
the
seed
to
be
of
such
force
and
virtue
,
that
(
without
coming
neer
)
it
can
effect
all
this
;
especially
since
an
egge
can
,
by
Incubation
of
a
stranger
fowle
,
or
any
other
fostering
warmth
;
as
in
dung
,
in
a
matt
,
or
an
oven
,
though
never
so
remote
from
the
pouch
of
its
own
mother-hen
,
be
quickened
,
and
produce
a
foetus
.
The
same
difficulty
therefore
lyes
still
upon
our
hands
;
namely
,
How
the
Cocks
seed
is
the
Efficient
cause
of
the
Chicken
?
nor
is
it
any
whit
salved
by
the
influence
of
this
spiritual
substance
.
For
though
we
should
grant
,
that
the
seed
is
reserved
in
the
purse
,
and
that
by
a
Metamorphosis
,
and
Irradiation
,
it
did
corporate
the
chicken
out
of
the
Chalazae
:
yet
the
scruple
would
stick
no
less
by
us
;
namely
,
How
the
Intrals
of
the
Chicken
are
modelled
.
But
these
things
are
long
since
confuted
by
us
.
Wherefore
,
when
we
are
in
quest
of
the
efficient
cause
of
the
Chicken
,
we
must
look
for
it
in
the
Egge
,
and
not
dormant
in
a
pouch
;
and
for
such
a
one
,
which
,
though
the
egg
now
grown
stale
,
were
distant
many
miles
from
the
Hen
,
and
laid
under
an
other
Hen
(
as
a
Turkey-hen
,
or
African-hen
)
to
be
hatched
;
or
(
as
in
Aegypt
)
under
warm
sand
,
or
dung
,
or
in
an
Oven
proper
for
the
purpose
,
would
still
raise
up
a
chicken
,
of
the
same
species
,
and
very
like
the
Cock
and
Hen
that
were
its
natural
parents
;
or
else
(
in
case
the
Cock
were
of
a
different
kinde
)
a
mungrel
of-spring
,
of
a
mixt
species
,
and
resemblance
.
Wherefore
the
knot
remains
to
be
united
,
which
neither
Aristotle
nor
Fabricius
have
loosened
;
namely
,
How
the
seed
of
the
Male
,
or
Cock
,
doth
produce
the
chicken
out
of
the
egge
,
or
is
to
be
named
the
Efficient
cause
of
the
chicken
,
especially
,
since
it
is
neither
present
,
tangent
,
nor
adjoined
to
the
Egge
?
And
though
almost
all
men
conclude
,
that
the
Male
,
and
its
seed
are
the
Efficient
cause
of
the
Foetus
;
no
man
yet
hath
sufficiently
declared
,
how
it
can
be
done
,
especially
in
our
Hen-egg
.
The
Efficient
cause
of
the
Chicken
,
is
hard
to
be
found
out
.
EXER
.
XLIX
.
THe
disquisition
of
the
Efficient
is
exceeding
difficult
;
(
as
we
have
said
)
and
that
the
rather
,
because
so
many
names
are
attributed
to
it
.
Whereupon
Aristotle
doth
recount
very
many
efficient
causes
of
Animals
:
And
many
controversies
are
risen
amongst
authors
;
chiefly
,
between
Physitians
and
Aristotelians
,
who
contend
very
earnestly
about
it
;
endeavouring
by
different
opinions
to
explain
both
the
Efficient
cause
,
and
the
manner
of
its
Efficiency
.
And
indeed
the
Omnipotent
Creator
,
doth
in
none
of
his
works
more
manifestly
reveale
the
presence
of
his
Deity
,
then
in
the
Fabrick
and
Structure
of
Animals
.
And
though
it
be
a
known
thing
,
subscribed
by
all
,
that
the
foetus
assumes
its
original
and
birth
from
the
Male
and
Female
,
and
consequently
that
the
Egge
is
produced
by
the
Cock
and
Henne
,
and
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
:
yet
neither
the
Schools
of
Physitians
,
nor
Aristotles
discerning
Brain
,
have
disclosed
the
manner
,
how
the
Cock
and
its
seed
,
doth
mint
and
coine
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
.
For
it
is
evident
enough
,
by
what
we
have
delivered
,
concerning
the
Generation
of
Oviparous
Animals
,
and
others
,
that
neither
the
Opinion
of
Physitians
,
deducing
Generation
from
the
mixture
of
the
Seeds
of
both
Sexes
,
nor
Aristotles
neither
,
establishing
the
seed
of
the
Male
for
the
Efficient
,
and
the
Menstruous
Blood
for
the
material
Cause
,
are
to
be
embraced
:
because
that
neither
in
Coition
,
nor
presently
upon
Coition
,
any
thing
doth
part
from
the
Female
into
the
Cavity
of
the
Uterus
;
out
of
which
,
as
out
of
the
Matter
,
any
thing
relating
to
the
Foetus
should
be
suddenly
produced
:
nor
doth
the
Geniture
of
the
Male
(
whether
it
be
animate
it self
,
or
an
animate
Instrument
)
enter
into
the
Womb
,
or
is
attracted
thither
,
or
any
where
else
reserved
in
the
Female
,
but
doth
either
vanish
,
or
retract
:
nor
is
there
any
thing
else
to
be
found
in
the
Uterus
presently
after
Coition
,
which
issuing
either
from
the
Male
or
Female
,
may
be
fansied
to
be
the
Matter
or
Original
of
the
future
Foetus
.
Nor
is
the
Cocks
seed
surviving
in
Fabricius
his
Pouch
,
or
any
where
else
in
the
Henne
;
that
thence
,
either
by
the
irradiation
and
influence
of
spiritual
substance
,
or
by
contact
the
egge
is
made
,
or
a
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
.
Nor
doth
the
Hen
contribute
any
other
seed
,
then
the
Papulae
,
the
Yolk
,
and
the
Egge
.
And
therefore
the
contemplation
is
rendered
more
intricate
by
our
Observations
;
because
by
them
all
those
suppositions
,
upon
which
both
the
other
opinions
were
supported
,
are
thrown
down
to
the
ground
.
But
especially
,
when
we
shall
anon
demonstrate
,
that
all
Animals
are
alike
generated
out
of
an
Egge
;
and
that
in
Coition
(
whether
of
Viviparous
,
Brutes
,
or
Men
)
no
Seed
or
Blood
,
proceeding
from
either
Male
or
Female
,
is
entertained
in
the
Hollow
of
the
Womb
,
or
drawn
up
thither
before
Coition
,
or
in
Coition
,
or
after
Coition
is
found
in
the
Womb
,
which
may
be
conceived
to
be
the
Matter
Efficient
,
or
Principle
of
the
future
Foetus
.
Daniel
Sennertus
,
a
late
learned
Man
,
and
a
careful
Inquirer
into
Nature
,
having
first
ballanced
other
mens
opinions
,
attempts
at
last
to
resolve
the
business
;
concluding
that
the
Soul
is
in
the
Seed
,
and
that
it
is
the
very
same
Soul
with
that
,
which
afterwards
informs
the
Infant
:
so
that
he
makes
no
scruple
to
affirm
that
the
Rational
soul
of
man
,
is
present
in
his
Seed
:
and
that
therefore
the
Egge
possesses
the
Soul
of
the
Chicken
:
and
that
the
soul
is
conveied
with
the
Seed
into
the
Womb
of
the
Female
:
and
from
that
seed
of
both
Sexes
conjoyned
(
as
one
flame
to
another
)
but
not
mixed
(
for
mixture
,
saith
he
,
respects
things
of
diverse
Species
)
but
indowed
with
a
soul
,
a
perfect
Animal
doth
result
.
And
therefore
,
saith
he
,
the
Seed
of
both
Sexes
is
required
,
both
to
the
constitution
of
an
Infant
,
and
of
an
egge
.
And
thus
,
(
like
one
that
had
subdued
all
difficulties
)
He
conceives
,
he
hath
delivered
a
certain
and
perspicuous
Truth
.
But
,
granting
that
there
is
a
Soul
in
the
egge
,
and
that
soul
united
and
made
up
of
the
souls
of
the
Parents
,
and
sometimes
proceeding
from
Parents
of
of
several
kinds
,
as
from
a
Mare
and
an
Ass
,
from
a
Dunghil-Hen
and
a
Cock-Pheasant
;
and
that
it
is
not
Mixed
,
but
United
;
and
that
the
Chicken
(
after
the
manner
of
the
Seed
of
Vegetables
)
is
made
by
that
efficient
soul
,
being
afterwards
preserved
by
it
,
all
its
life
long
:
so
that
it
be
counted
absurd
to
affirm
,
that
the
foetus
is
cherished
by
one
soul
out
of
the
Uterus
,
or
egge
;
and
by
another
in
the
Uterus
or
egge
:
suppose
,
I
say
,
we
grant
all
this
(
though
it
be
invalid
,
and
doubtful
)
yet
our
History
of
the
Generation
out
of
the
Egge
,
doth
utterly
subvert
,
and
confute
as
false
the
very
foundation
and
basis
upon
which
all
his
doctrine
leans
,
and
relies
:
Which
is
this
,
That
the
egge
is
constituted
of
the
Seed
of
Cock
and
Hen:
or
,
that
the
seed
is
transmitted
from
both
into
the
Uterus
:
or
that
the
foetus
,
or
any
part
of
it
is
formed
of
the
seed
so
entertained
by
the
womb
,
or
cast
into
it
:
or
,
that
the
seed
of
the
Cock
(
as
an
Efficient
cause
,
or
Operatour
)
is
any
where
reserved
in
the
Hen
,
which
(
as
he
conceives
)
draws
matter
and
nutriment
from
her
into
the
Womb
,
to
support
the
foetus
which
it
hath
made
.
For
the
conditions
which
he
himself
according
to
Aristotle
reputes
necessary
,
will
be
found
wanting
:
namely
,
that
the
foetus
ought
to
be
made
of
that
which
actually
is
in
being
,
and
doth
pre-exist
:
and
that
the
Chicken
is
nourished
by
that
which
is
present
with
it
,
and
in
the
same
place
where
it self
is
first
constituted
:
As
also
,
that
it
should
be
made
by
that
which
doth
operate
being
immediately
conjoyned
to
it
;
and
ought
to
be
the
same
thing
,
by
which
the
chicken
is
preserved
,
and
augmented
all
its
life-time
.
For
the
cocks
seed
(
whether
Animate
,
or
Inanimate
,
it
matters
nothing
)
is
not
at
all
in
the
Egge
,
not
in
the
Uterus
,
present
,
and
conjoyned
;
nor
in
the
matter
whence
the
chicken
is
framed
,
as
neither
in
the
Chicken
it self
now
begun
,
that
so
it
may
either
frame
,
or
perfect
it
.
He
miscarries
likewise
,
when
he
goes
about
to
illustrate
his
opinion
concerning
the
Animal
seed
,
by
allusion
to
that
of
Plants
,
and
Mast
:
because
he
did
not
understand
the
difference
alledged
by
Aristotle
,
between
the
Geniture
proceedings
by
coition
,
and
the
first
conception
made
out
of
both
Sexes
;
nor
did
observe
that
an
egge
might
be
first
conceived
in
the
Cluster
of
the
Vitellary
(
without
the
translation
of
any
Geniture
from
Male
and
Female
into
the
Uterus
.
)
Nor
did
he
apprehend
that
the
Uterus
,
even
for
some
time
after
Coition
,
is
quite
void
of
any
matter
at
all
,
either
transmitted
from
the
Parents
,
or
made
by
Coition
,
or
occasioned
any
other
way
.
Nor
had
he
read
,
or
at
least
observed
Fabricius
his
experiment
;
namely
,
that
after
some
Coitions
of
the
Cock
,
the
Hen
may
be
so
fructified
,
that
from
that
time
for
the
whole
succeeding
year
she
may
lay
all
Prolifical
Egges
:
though
she
have
not
in
the
interim
conversed
with
the
cock
,
whereby
each
particular
egge
might
receive
fecundity
;
nor
yet
retained
so
long
the
seed
she
formerly
received
.
This
is
agreed
upon
by
universal
consent
;
that
all
Animals
whatsoever
,
which
arise
from
Male
and
Female
,
are
generated
by
the
coition
of
both
Sexes
;
and
so
begotten
as
it
were
per
contagium
aliquod
,
by
a
kind
of
contagion
.
In
like
manner
as
Physitians
observe
,
that
contagious
diseases
(
as
the
Leprosie
,
the
Pox
,
the
Plague
,
and
Pthisick
)
do
propagate
their
infection
,
and
beget
themselves
in
bodies
yet
sound
and
untoucht
,
meerly
by
an
extrinsecal
contact
;
nay
sometimes
onely
by
the
breath
,
and
per
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
by
inquination
;
and
that
at
a
distance
,
through
an
inanimate
medium
,
and
that
medium
no
way
sensibly
altered
.
So
that
,
that
which
had
the
first
touch
,
begets
an
Univocal
like
it self
,
not
as
touching
at
this
instant
,
nor
yet
now
actually
in
being
,
nor
as
present
,
or
conjoined
,
but
meerly
because
it
once
hath
touched
.
Of
so
great
operation
and
energy
is
Contagion
.
And
perhaps
the
same
thing
obtains
in
the
Generation
of
Animals
.
For
Fishes
egges
,
which
acquire
their
growth
abroad
at
their
own
dispose
,
without
any
Male-seed
,
(
and
therefore
do
without
all
doubt
live
without
it
)
being
besprinkled
with
the
Males
prolifical
milkey
substance
,
and
only
tinctured
from
without
,
do
generate
fishes
.
T
is
not
,
I
say
,
an
intromission
,
or
intimate
reception
of
the
masculine
seed
into
each
particular
egge
,
which
sets
it
a
work
about
the
fabrick
of
bodies
,
or
introduces
the
soul
,
but
a
bare
contact
.
Whereupon
Aristotle
calls
lac
maris
,
the
Males
milk
,
or
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
13.
genital
seed
cast
into
water
,
sometimes
genital
,
and
propagating
liquor
:
and
sometimes
Vital
Venom
.
For
saith
he
,
The
Masculine
fish
sprinckles
the
egges
with
genital
seed
,
and
those
egges
which
that
Vitale
Virus
,
Vital
or
quickning
Venom
touches
,
out
of
them
are
born
fishes
.
It
being
therefore
laid
down
as
an
undoubted
principle
,
that
the
foetus
is
made
by
Contagion
,
there
will
a
weighty
doubt
arise
;
namely
,
how
bare
Contagion
can
be
the
author
of
so
great
a
work
?
and
how
the
parents
can
by
that
generate
issues
like
themselves
;
or
the
males
seed
produce
an
Univocal
like
that
creature
from
which
it
proceeded
?
since
after
contact
it
bids
adieu
,
and
is
no
longer
in
being
,
or
touching
,
or
present
at
all
,
but
clean
corrupted
,
and
a
Non-ens
.
How
,
say
I
,
can
a
Non-ens
act
?
or
a
Non-tangens
erect
a
fabrick
like
it self
?
or
that
which
is
dead
it self
,
impart
a
life
to
another
thing
,
and
meerly
upon
this
account
,
that
the
time
was
when
it
did
touch
.
For
Aristotles
argumentation
seems
false
,
or
de
gen.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
6.
lame
at
least
,
where
he
contends
:
That
Generation
cannot
be
without
an
Agent
and
a
Patient
:
and
those
things
cannot
act
and
suffer
,
which
do
not
mutually
touch
each
other
:
but
those
things
do
mutually
touch
,
which
having
each
their
particular
magnitude
and
place
apart
,
have
their
extremities
meeting
one
another
.
But
since
the
case
is
plain
,
that
Contagion
(
where
the
things
touch
not
,
nor
have
their
extremities
kissing
one
another
)
can
destroy
living
creatures
,
what
should
hinder
,
but
that
it
should
be
as
powerful
,
to
conduce
to
the
life
and
generation
of
animals
.
?
The
Efficient
in
an
Egge
,
by
a
plastical
vertue
(
because
the
male
did
but
onely
touch
,
though
he
now
be
far
from
touching
,
and
have
no
extremity
reached
out
towards
it
)
doth
frame
and
set
up
a
foetus
in
its
own
species
and
resemblance
.
And
this
author
of
fecundity
,
this
peircing
power
is
translated
through
so
many
mediums
or
instruments
,
that
one
cannot
pattern
it
,
neither
by
that
mutation
procured
by
instruments
(
as
in
the
productions
of
Art
)
nor
by
Aristotles
Automata
,
nor
our
Clocks
or
Watches
;
nor
by
the
instance
of
a
King
in
his
own
dominions
,
where
his
command
is
every
where
a
law
;
nor
can
you
ratifie
this
our
doctrine
,
by
introducing
a
soul
into
the
seed
or
geniture
.
And
hereupon
many
controversies
,
and
problemes
are
started
concerning
the
attractive
power
of
the
Load-stone
and
Jet
:
concerning
Sympathy
,
and
Antipathy
,
concerning
Poyson
,
and
the
contagion
of
pestilential
diseases
:
concerning
Alexipharmacal
Medicines
,
and
such
as
cure
or
kill
from
an
occult
(
or
rather
ignote
)
quality
and
propriety
:
all
which
seem
to
execute
their
pleasures
without
any
touching
.
And
chiefly
this
.
What
is
there
in
generation
,
that
by
a
momentany
touch
(
nay
not
touching
at
all
,
unlesse
through
the
sides
of
many
mediums
)
can
orderly
constitute
the
parts
of
the
Chicken
by
an
Epigenesis
,
and
produce
an
Univocal
creature
,
and
its
own
like
?
and
for
no
other
reason
,
but
because
it
touched
heretofore
.
How
,
I
say
,
can
that
which
is
not
present
,
and
did
onely
touch
outwardly
,
constitute
,
orderly
dispose
and
limne
all
the
members
of
the
Chicken
,
in
an
egg
which
is
now
exposed
to
the
wide
world
,
and
oftentimes
transported
a
great
way
off
.
For
nothing
can
make
and
generate
it selfe
into
anothers
likeness
.
What
the
Efficient
cause
of
Animals
is
;
and
what
its
Conditions
.
EXERCIT.
L.
THat
therefore
we
may
in
some
proportion
dive
into
the
knowledge
of
the
efficient
cause
,
(
so
far
forth
as
concerns
our
present
contemplation
)
we
must
take
notice
first
of
the
Instruments
or
Mediums
which
pertain
to
the
efficient
or
forming
cause
:
and
into
this
rank
is
the
Male
and
Female
for
to
be
reduced
,
likewise
the
Geniture
,
and
the
egg
,
and
its
first
rudiment
.
For
some
males
(
and
females
too
)
are
barren
,
or
unfruitful
.
And
likewise
the
males
geniture
is
sometimes
more
,
and
sometimes
less
fertile
:
for
the
Semen
Virile
as
it
is
barely
conteined
in
the
Seminal
Vesicles
(
except
it
be
rarified
into
froth
by
the
spirits
,
and
forceably
leap
out
)
is
unfruitful
.
And
this
too
,
possibly
is
not
always
successful
.
Nor
are
the
Papulae
,
or
Yolks
bred
in
the
Cluster
of
the
Ovary
,
or
the
Egges
conteined
in
the
Womb
,
all
presently
fruitfull
.
Now
I
call
that
fruitful
,
which
(
except
some
impediment
happen
from
without
)
will
attaine
its
designed
end
,
by
the
efficient
power
implanted
in
it
,
and
compass
that
,
for
whose
sake
it
is
ordained
.
So
that
Cock
is
reputed
fertile
,
who
causes
his
Hens
to
lay
oftner
,
and
more
constantly
,
and
also
renders
their
egges
generative
.
So
likewise
that
Hen
is
fruitful
,
which
is
useful
in
laying
egges
,
and
hath
a
good
retention
in
order
to
the
prolifical
vertue
imparted
to
her
from
the
Cock
.
So
the
Cluster
of
the
Papulae
,
and
Ovary
it self
are
counted
fertile
,
when
they
are
well
fraught
with
store
of
rudiments
and
foundations
of
egges
,
and
those
mature
.
Likewise
that
egge
is
fertile
,
which
is
farthest
from
being
subventaneous
or
addle
,
and
doth
less
faile
in
producing
a
Chicken
,
howsoever
you
dispose
of
it
,
either
to
Incubation
,
or
any
other
fostering-heat
.
Therefore
such
an
efficient
of
the
Chicken
is
required
,
as
may
impart
virtue
to
all
these
,
by
which
they
may
be
fructified
,
and
obtain
an
efficient
power
;
for
the
same
thing
,
or
at
least
something
proportionable
to
it
,
is
in
them
all
,
bestowing
fecundity
upon
them
.
And
the
Inquiry
is
the
same
,
namely
,
what
it
is
in
the
Egge
,
that
renders
it
fertile
:
what
in
the
Ovary
,
and
what
in
the
Papula
;
likewise
what
in
the
female
,
and
lastly
in
the
seed
and
Cock
himself
,
&c.
What
in
the
Blood
,
and
Punctum
saliens
,
or
first
genital
particle
,
from
whence
afterwards
the
rise
,
fabrick
,
and
order
of
all
the
other
parts
is
derived
:
as
also
,
what
is
it
in
the
Chicken
it self
,
from
whence
it
grows
sturdy
and
active
,
attains
its
youth
and
maturity
,
lives
a
healthy
life
,
and
a
long
.
Nor
is
that
inquiry
unlike
this
,
which
demands
,
what
both
male
,
and
female
(
Cock
and
Hen
)
confer
to
the
fertile
egge
;
or
what
it
is
which
proceeds
from
both
,
towards
the
perfection
and
similitude
of
the
chicken
;
as
whether
the
egge
,
conception
,
matter
,
and
nutriment
proceed
from
the
female
,
and
the
Operative
virtue
from
the
male
;
whether
a
certain
contagion
sent
forth
by
coition
,
or
created
by
it
,
or
received
from
it
,
remaining
in
the
Hen
or
Egges
,
work
upon
the
matter
of
the
egge
;
or
attract
a
nutriment
from
the
Hen
,
concocting
and
distributing
it
,
to
the
encrease
of
the
egge
,
and
afterwards
to
the
production
of
the
chicken
:
Or
lastly
,
whether
all
that
which
relates
to
the
form
,
soul
,
and
fecundity
,
do
proceed
from
the
male
;
but
from
the
female
,
whatever
relates
to
the
matter
,
constitution
,
place
,
and
sustenance
.
For
in
animals
(
whose
Sexes
are
distinct
)
it
is
so
contrived
,
that
because
the
female
cannot
alone
generate
,
nourish
,
&
protect
the
foetus
,
the
male
is
joined
as
yoke-fellow
in
the
task
(
as
the
Superior
,
and
more
eminent
progenitor
)
to
supply
her
failings
;
and
so
to
correct
the
infirmity
of
the
Subventaneous
eggs
,
and
inspire
them
with
fertility
.
For
as
a
chicken
born
of
an
egge
,
is
indebted
to
that
egge
for
his
body
,
soul
,
and
principal
or
genital
part
:
So
is
the
egge
for
all
it
has
,
to
the
Henne
;
and
the
Henne
also
for
her
fecundity
to
the
Cock.
But
whether
the
male
be
the
first
and
principal
cause
of
the
progeny
,
or
whether
the
male
and
the
female
are
intermediate
and
Instrumental
causes
set
awork
by
nature
,
or
the
first
and
Supreme
Genitor
,
we
have
here
an
occasion
offered
to
enquire
;
and
it
is
a
very
worthy
and
necessary
one
,
because
all
perfect
science
depends
upon
the
knowledge
of
all
causes
:
and
therefore
to
the
plenary
comprehension
of
Generation
,
we
must
ascend
from
the
last
and
lowest
efficient
to
the
very
first
and
most
supreme
,
and
know
them
all
.
But
as
for
the
first
and
highest
Efficient
of
the
chicken
,
we
shall
determine
what
that
is
afterwards
,
(
when
we
treat
of
the
Efficient
of
all
other
Animals
)
but
what
kind
of
one
it
is
,
we
will
here
declare
.
The
first
condition
,
or
qualification
,
of
the
first
and
primary
Efficient
properly
so
called
,
is
,
that
it
be
the
first
&
principal
fructifier
,
from
whence
all
intermediate
causes
assume
their
derived
fecundity
.
For
instance
,
the
chicken
is
derived
from
the
Punctum
saliens
in
the
egg
,
not
only
in
regard
of
its
bulk
,
but
also
,
and
that
chiefly
in
regard
of
its
soul
;
the
Punctum
saliens
,
or
Heart
is
derived
from
the
egg
,
the
egg
from
the
Hens
,
and
the
Hens
fertility
from
the
Cock
.
Another
requisite
or
condition
of
the
primary
Efficient
is
desumed
ex
opere
facto
,
from
the
production
it self
,
viz.
the
Chicken
:
because
that
is
the
prime
efficient
,
in
which
the
reason
of
the
effect
doth
chiefly
appear
.
But
because
every
Generative
efficient
doth
generate
its
like
,
and
the
issue
is
of
a
mixt
nature
;
the
first
efficient
must
needs
be
mixt
too
.
Now
I
therefore
pronounce
their
issue
to
be
of
a
mixt
nature
,
because
,
the
mixture
of
both
parents
is
refulgent
in
it
,
both
in
the
figure
and
lineaments
of
the
body
,
and
all
its
parts
;
as
in
complexion
or
colors
,
moles
or
spots
,
diseases
,
and
other
accidents
of
the
body
.
Likewise
in
the
soul
and
actions
,
and
functions
(
as
in
like
manners
,
docility
,
gate
,
and
voice
)
such
a
kinde
of
temperature
is
discoverable
.
For
as
we
say
that
a
similar
mixt
body
is
made
of
the
Elements
,
because
their
virtues
,
heat
,
cold
,
moisture
,
and
s●ccity
,
are
found
compounded
in
the
same
similar
body
:
so
likewise
the
paternal
and
maternal
handy-work
may
be
tracked
and
pointed
out
both
in
the
body
,
soul
,
and
other
accidents
of
the
Chicken
:
(
which
follow
the
temperature
,
or
happen
unto
it
)
for
instance
;
In
a
Mule
,
the
soul
,
body
,
manners
,
and
voice
of
both
parents
;
(
viz.
of
the
Mare
,
and
the
Ass
)
are
apparent
.
So
also
in
those
Chickens
which
are
the
Ofspring
of
the
dunghill-hen
,
and
Cock-Pheasant
:
and
in
that
mungrel
Curre
,
which
is
produced
by
the
sodomie
of
a
Wolf
and
a
Bitch
.
Since
therefore
the
Chicken
resembles
both
parents
,
and
is
a
mixt
Effect
:
the
generant
primary
cause
(
which
it
resembles
)
must
needs
be
mixt
likewise
.
Therefore
that
which
frames
the
Chicken
in
the
Egge
is
a
mixt
nature
(
as
being
united
,
or
compounded
of
both
)
and
the
work
of
both
parents
.
And
if
any
contagion
do
arise
or
remain
in
the
female
upon
coition
,
(
in
which
they
two
are
mixt
,
and
become
as
it
were
one
Animal
)
that
also
will
be
of
a
mixt
nature
or
power
,
by
which
the
egge
shall
afterwards
become
fertile
,
and
atchieve
a
plastical
virtue
,
which
is
an
Agent
of
a
mixt
nature
,
or
a
mixt
efficient-Instrument
,
producing
a
Chicken
of
a
mixt
nature
also
.
The
contagion
,
I
say
;
because
Aristotles
perswasion
is
altogether
refractory
to
experience
her self
:
namely
,
where
he
saith
,
that
some
part
of
the
Foetus
is
instantly
made
upon
coition
.
Nor
is
that
true
neither
,
which
some
of
the
Moderns
averre
,
namely
,
that
the
soul
of
the
future
chicken
is
in
the
egge
:
for
that
is
no
whit
the
chickens
soul
,
which
is
in
no
part
of
the
chickens
body
.
Nor
can
the
soul
be
said
either
to
be
begotten
,
or
left
behind
presently
upon
coition
:
for
otherwise
there
should
be
two
souls
in
a
Woman
with
child
.
Therefore
till
it
be
determined
what
the
efficient
of
the
egge
is
,
which
is
of
a
mixt
nature
,
and
ought
to
remaine
present
upon
coition
:
give
me
leave
to
call
it
contagium
,
Contact
,
or
contagion
.
But
where
the
contagion
lurks
in
the
female
after
coition
,
and
how
it
is
communicated
and
derived
to
the
egge
,
requires
a
more
exact
Disquisition
:
and
we
will
afterwards
fall
upon
it
,
when
we
treat
generally
of
the
conception
of
females
.
It
shall
suffice
,
in
the
mean
time
to
have
taken
notice
,
that
it
must
needs
be
the
fate
of
the
first
efficient
(
in
which
the
reason
of
the
future
off-spring
doth
abide
)
that
,
since
its
off-spring
is
mixt
,
to
be
of
a
mixt
nature
it selfe
;
and
either
to
proceed
from
both
Parents
,
or
from
something
which
makes
use
of
both
(
as
animate
Instruments
,
cooperative
,
and
mixt
,
and
moulded
into
one
by
coition
.
)
The
third
condition
of
the
Primary
Efficient
is
,
that
either
it
impart
motion
successively
to
all
its
intermediate
instruments
,
or
else
employ
them
otherwise
,
but
that
it selfe
be
subservient
to
none
:
whence
a
doubt
arises
,
whether
the
Cock
be
the
Primary
Efficient
in
the
Generation
of
the
chicken
,
or
have
any
before
,
or
superior
to
him
.
For
all
generation
seems
to
be
derived
from
Heaven
,
and
issue
from
the
motion
of
the
Sun
,
and
Moon
.
But
we
wil
be
positive
in
this
matter
,
when
we
have
first
declared
,
what
an
instrument
,
or
the
instrumental
efficient
cause
is
,
and
how
divided
.
Now
Instrumental
Efficients
are
of
diverse
kinds
;
some
,
according
to
Aristotle
,
are
factiva
,
Making
,
and
some
,
activa
,
Doing
;
some
do
not
operate
,
but
when
they
are
conjoyned
with
a
prior
efficient
,
as
the
hand
,
foot
,
and
genital
parts
;
others
operate
,
disjoined
,
as
the
Geniture
and
the
Egge
:
some
Instruments
have
not
motion
or
action
,
but
what
is
given
them
by
the
first
Efficient
;
others
have
proper
internal
principles
of
their
own
,
to
which
nature
affords
no
motion
in
generation
,
but
yet
employs
their
faculties
,
and
sets
them
the
rule
,
and
law
of
their
performances
;
as
the
Cook
employes
fire
,
and
the
Physitian
herbs
,
and
the
vertues
of
medicines
to
cures
.
Sennertus
,
to
maintain
his
conceipt
,
concerning
the
soul
in
the
Seed
,
and
the
formative
faculty
in
the
Egge
,
affirms
,
that
not
onely
the
Egge
,
but
the
Cocks
seed
also
,
is
indowed
with
the
soul
of
the
future
Chicken
,
and
is
not
the
Instrumental
Agent
,
but
the
principal
;
absolutely
denying
that
any
separate
Efficient
,
is
Instrumental
:
but
pronouncing
,
that
onely
that
is
to
be
reckoned
an
Instrument
in
propriety
of
speech
,
which
is
conjoined
with
the
primary
efficient
:
and
that
,
that
onely
is
an
Instrumental
efficient
,
which
hath
no
other
motion
,
or
action
,
then
that
which
is
immitted
,
or
continually
and
successively
received
from
the
primary
efficient
,
by
whose
power
it
acts
.
And
upon
that
account
,
he
rejects
the
instance
concerning
things
cast
or
hurled
,
which
receiving
their
force
from
the
thing
that
doth
hurle
,
do
yet
notwithstanding
move
,
even
when
they
are
separated
from
it
.
As
if
the
Sword
and
Speare
were
to
be
counted
Instruments
of
War
,
but
not
Arrows
,
and
Bullets
.
Hee
also
rejects
the
instance
drawn
from
a
Republick
,
and
denies
that
the
Magistrates
,
Counsellors
,
or
Officers
of
a
Common-wealth
,
are
the
Instruments
of
a
Nation
:
And
yet
Aristotle
reckons
a
Counsellor
for
Polit.
l.
1.
c.
4.
an
Efficient
,
and
calls
on
Officer
an
Instrument
,
in
plain
termes
.
He
likewise
decries
the
instance
of
the
Automata
,
and
many
other
things
,
that
so
he
may
ratifie
the
seed
(
or
egge
)
to
be
Animals
,
and
not
an
Instrumental
,
but
a
Principal
Agent
.
And
yet
(
as
if
he
were
enforced
by
the
truth
)
he
laies
down
such
conditions
for
a
Principal
Agent
,
as
do
absolutely
prove
contrary
to
his
own
fore-mentioned
opinion
.
Whatsoever
produceth
a
work
,
or
effect
more
noble
then
it selfe
;
or
else
an
effect
lake
to
it selfe
,
is
not
an
Efficient
,
but
an
Instrumental
cause
.
Which
being
granted
,
who
will
not
conclude
,
that
Seed
and
an
Egge
,
are
Instruments
?
Since
a
chicken
is
an
effect
nobler
then
the
egge
,
and
neither
like
an
Egge
,
nor
Seed
.
Wherefore
,
when
this
most
Learned
Man
denies
the
Seed
or
Egge
,
to
be
an
Instrument
,
because
they
are
separated
from
the
Primary
Agent
,
he
stands
upon
a
false
bottom
.
For
since
the
first
generant
produceth
its
off-spring
by
several
mediums
,
whether
any
of
those
mediums
be
conjoined
to
it
,
as
the
Hand
to
the
Artist
;
or
whether
it
be
separated
from
it
,
as
the
Arrow
shot
from
the
Bow
;
yet
both
are
called
Instruments
.
From
these
recited
Conditions
of
the
Instrumental
cause
,
it
may
seem
to
insue
,
that
the
cock
,
or
at
least
the
cock
with
the
hen
,
are
the
Primary
efficients
in
the
Generation
of
the
chicken
:
for
the
chicken
is
like
them
;
nor
can
it
be
thought
to
be
more
noble
then
its
Efficients
or
Parents
.
I
shall
therefore
adde
one
condition
more
to
the
Primary
efficient
,
by
which
perhaps
it
may
appear
that
the
Male
is
not
the
Primary
,
but
the
Instrumentall
cause
;
namely
,
that
it
is
required
of
the
Primary
efficient
in
the
fabrick
of
the
Chicken
,
that
he
employ
Skill
,
Providence
,
Wisdome
,
Goodness
,
and
Understanding
,
far
above
the
capacity
of
our
rational
soules
;
as
that
,
in
which
the
Reason
or
Idea
of
the
future
work
,
ought
to
consist
,
and
which
ought
likewise
to
act
for
some
destinated
end
,
disposing
and
perfecting
all
parts
,
forming
the
smallest
and
most
inconsiderable
appendixes
of
the
Chicken
for
some
use
,
and
employment
:
not
providing
onely
for
the
structure
of
the
creature
,
but
for
its
wellfare
,
ornament
,
and
defence
.
Now
the
male
,
or
his
seed
,
either
in
,
or
after
coition
,
is
not
so
qualified
,
that
Art
,
Understanding
,
and
Providence
,
may
be
attributed
to
it
.
Which
things
being
pondered
,
the
Male
seems
to
be
an
Instrumental
efficient
,
as
well
as
his
seed
,
and
the
Hen
likewise
as
well
as
the
Egge
she
laies
.
And
therefore
we
must
take
our
flight
to
a
more
Primary
,
Superior
,
and
more
excellent
cause
;
to
which
we
may
justly
attribute
Providence
,
Understanding
,
Art
,
and
Goodness
;
and
such
a
one
as
is
as
much
superiour
to
its
effects
and
Workmanship
,
as
an
Architect
is
better
then
a
Barn
he
sets
up
;
a
Prince
then
his
Officers
,
or
an
Artist
,
then
his
owne
hands
.
And
therefore
both
Male
and
Female
are
but
Instrumental
efficients
,
subservient
to
the
high
Creator
,
or
Protogenitor
.
And
in
this
sense
it
is
truly
said
,
that
the
Sun
,
and
Man
,
beget
an
Animal
,
because
the
Spring
and
Autumn
do
insue
upon
the
Approaching
and
Receding
Sun
,
at
which
times
commonly
,
the
generation
and
corruption
of
Animals
happen
.
So
the
chiefest
of
Philosophers
.
The
first
De
Gen.
&
Corr.
l.
2.
c.
10.
Movers
motion
is
not
the
cause
of
generation
and
corruption
,
but
the
motion
of
the
Oblique
circle
:
for
that
is
continual
,
and
hath
also
two
Motions
:
for
if
generation
and
corruption
were
to
be
always
continual
,
it
were
necessary
that
something
should
be
always
moved
,
least
those
mutations
should
fail
;
but
yet
it
must
have
two
motions
,
least
one
onely
of
the
two
mutations
should
succeed
.
The
cause
therefore
of
the
continuity
is
the
motion
of
the
Universe
,
but
the
declivity
it selfe
is
the
cause
of
the
Approach
,
and
the
Recesses
.
For
it
comes
to
pass
,
that
He
,
(
namely
the
Sun
)
is
sometimes
neerer
,
and
sometimes
farther
from
the
earth
.
And
when
the
Interval
is
inequal
,
the
motion
must
be
inequal
too
.
If
then
he
therefore
generate
because
he
approaches
neerer
:
and
cause
corruption
,
because
he
remotes
and
recedeth
farther
from
the
earth
:
Then
it
follows
that
if
he
often
do
generate
,
it
is
because
he
often
approacheth
:
and
if
he
often
cause
corruption
,
it
is
because
he
often
recedeth
.
For
contraries
have
contrary
causes
.
And
therefore
in
the
Spring
all
things
flourish
and
grow
;
(
namely
,
from
the
Approach
of
the
Sun
,
who
is
the
Common
Father
,
and
Parent
:
or
at
least
the
immediate
and
Common
Instrument
in
Generation
imployed
by
the
high
Creator
)
and
that
not
Vegetables
onely
,
but
Animals
too
:
nor
they
onely
which
are
Spontaneous
issues
,
but
those
also
which
are
generated
by
Male
and
Female
.
As
if
at
the
approach
of
this
noble
Planet
,
soft
Venus
did
descend
from
the
Skie
,
with
Cupid
and
the
Graces
entertained
for
her
Retinue
,
inciting
and
provoking
all
living
things
,
by
their
Allegeance
to
Love
,
to
propagate
their
kind
.
Or
(
as
it
is
in
the
Fable
)
as
if
Saturne
did
then
become
an
Eunuch
,
and
threw
his
masculine
evidences
into
the
Sea
,
to
raise
a
Foam
,
which
might
give
birth
to
Venus
:
For
in
the
Generation
of
Animals
,
Superat
tener
omnibus
humor
;
A
gentle
dew
doth
moisten
all
(
as
the
Poet
hath
it
)
and
the
genital
parts
doe
foam
and
strut
with
Seed
.
And
therefore
the
cock
and
Hen
are
chiefly
fruitfull
in
Spring
,
as
if
the
Sun
,
or
Heavens
,
Nature
,
the
Soul
of
the
Universe
,
or
the
Omnipotent
Deity
(
for
these
are
Synonoma's
)
were
a
Superiour
and
Diviner
cause
of
Generation
then
they
.
So
,
Sol
&
homo
generant
hominem
;
The
Sun
,
and
Man
beget
a
Man
(
that
is
to
say
)
the
Sun
by
Man
as
its
Instrument
.
And
so
,
the
Creator
of
all
things
,
and
the
cock
,
beget
an
egge
,
and
out
of
an
egge
a
chicken
:
namely
,
by
the
constant
approach
and
recesse
of
the
Sun
:
who
according
to
the
will
,
and
decree
of
the
Almighty
,
is
emploied
in
the
generation
of
all
things
.
We
conclude
therefore
that
the
male
(
though
he
be
a
Primary
and
more
excellent
efficient
then
the
female
)
is
only
an
Instrumental
Efficient
:
and
doth
himselfe
,
no
less
then
the
Female
,
owe
his
fecundity
,
or
generative
Virtue
to
the
Sun
his
Creditour
:
and
therefore
the
artifice
and
providence
(
which
we
discover
in
his
workmanship
)
doth
not
proceed
from
him
,
but
God
.
For
the
Male
uses
neither
counsel
,
nor
understanding
in
generation
:
nor
doe
Men
generate
by
any
part
of
their
reasonable
soule
,
but
by
a
faculty
of
their
vegetative
:
which
is
not
inrouled
amongst
the
primary
,
and
more
devine
powers
of
the
soule
,
but
the
meanest
,
and
basest
.
Since
therefore
in
the
structure
of
a
chicken
,
Art
and
Providence
are
no
less
visible
,
then
in
the
Fabrick
of
Man
himselfe
,
and
the
creation
of
the
Universe
:
we
must
needs
acknowledge
,
that
in
the
generation
of
Man
,
there
is
an
Efficient
cause
more
excellent
then
man
himselfe
:
or
else
that
the
vegetative
faculty
,
or
that
part
of
the
soule
,
which
raiseth
this
pile
of
man
,
and
doth
conserve
it
,
is
much
more
divine
and
excellent
,
and
doth
more
personate
the
Image
of
God
,
then
the
Rational
part
it selfe
:
whose
worth
and
dignity
we
more
cry
up
,
then
all
the
faculties
of
the
soule
beside
;
though
she
were
Regent
and
Empress
of
the
rest
,
and
held
them
all
as
Tributaries
to
her
.
Or
at
least
wee
must
confess
,
that
there
is
neither
prudence
,
nor
skill
,
nor
understanding
in
the
workes
of
Nature
,
but
they
seem
such
onely
to
our
apprehensions
,
who
iudge
of
the
divine
productions
of
nature
,
by
our
owne
Arts
,
and
Faculties
,
(
or
copies
drawne
by
our
own
fancies
)
as
if
the
active
principles
of
Nature
did
so
produce
their
effects
,
as
we
do
our
artificial
issues
:
namely
by
consultation
,
and
rules
desumed
from
the
Minde
and
Intellect
.
But
Nature
,
which
is
the
Principle
of
Motion
and
Rest
,
in
all
those
things
wherein
she
is
:
and
the
vegetative
soule
,
which
is
the
primary
Efficient
cause
of
every
generation
,
doe
move
and
act
by
no
acquired
faculty
(
as
we
doe
)
which
may
be
distinguished
by
the
name
of
Art
,
or
Providence
,
but
work
by
a
certain
Destiny
,
and
Mandat
according
to
rule
,
after
the
same
manner
,
and
constraint
,
as
light
things
fly
up
,
and
heavy
press
downwards
.
The
Vegetative
faculty
of
Parents
doth
generate
,
and
the
seed
arrives
at
last
at
the
forme
of
the
foetus
,
after
the
same
manner
as
the
Spider
spreads
her
Net
,
the
Bees
and
Ants
build
their
Cottages
,
and
furnish
their
store-houses
for
future
exigences
,
Birds
compile
their
Nests
,
hatch
,
and
protect
their
young
:
namely
,
Naturally
,
and
by
their
Mother-wit
,
not
by
any
discursive
providence
,
discipline
,
or
consultation
.
For
that
which
is
in
us
the
Principle
of
Artificial
operations
,
&
is
called
Art
,
Understanding
,
or
Prudence
:
is
in
those
naturall
effects
,
Nature
,
(
which
is
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
her
own
Tutor
,
and
taught
by
no
man
)
and
what
is
acquired
,
and
a
purchase
in
us
,
is
in
them
inbred
,
and
a
Birth-right
.
And
therefore
they
who
look
back
to
Art
,
are
incompetent
and
partial
Judges
of
natural
things
:
for
we
are
rather
to
judge
of
the
contrary
,
and
compare
artificial
productions
to
their
Sampler
in
Nature
.
For
all
Arts
are
attained
by
an
imitation
and
personating
of
Nature
;
and
our
Reason
,
or
Intellect
is
derived
from
the
divine
understanding
,
exercised
in
its
works
.
And
when
it
is
rooted
in
us
by
a
compleat
habit
,
like
another
adventitious
acquired
soul
,
reflecting
a
resemblance
of
the
highest
and
divinest
Agent
,
it
produceth
like
effects
and
operations
.
Wherefore
(
in
my
opinion
)
he
is
the
right
and
pious
Philosopher
,
who
deduceth
the
generations
of
all
things
from
that
eternal
and
Omnipotent
Deity
,
upon
whose
pleasure
the
Universe
dependeth
.
Nor
do
I
think
we
ought
to
contend
,
by
what
notion
we
call
,
or
adore
this
first
Agent
,
(
to
whom
all
the
names
of
veneration
are
most
due
)
whether
that
of
Deus
,
or
Natura
naturans
,
or
Anima
mundi
.
For
all
men
understand
him
to
be
that
Beginning
and
End
of
all
things
,
which
is
Omnipotent
,
and
everlasting
,
the
Author
and
Creator
of
all
things
,
preserving
,
and
perpetuating
the
fluxibility
of
mortall
creatures
,
by
the
several
vicissitudes
of
generations
:
which
being
every
where
present
,
is
no
less
assistant
to
the
particular
operations
of
natural
things
,
then
of
the
whole
Universe
;
that
so
he
may
propagate
all
Animals
by
his
Deity
,
Providence
,
Art
,
and
divine
Understanding
.
Whereof
some
are
spontaneous
births
,
without
any
Univocal
efficient
;
some
born
by
the
associat
operations
of
male
and
female
,
some
from
one
Sex
onely
;
others
by
other
intermediate
Instruments
,
which
Instruments
are
sometimes
fewer
,
sometimes
more
,
sometimes
univocal
,
and
sometimes
equivocal
,
and
ex
accidenti
casual
.
But
all
natural
bodies
whatever
are
both
the
productions
,
and
Instruments
of
that
Great
God
;
and
are
either
onely
natural
,
as
Heat
,
Spirit
,
the
tepidity
or
warmth
of
the
Air
,
or
Putrefaction
,
&c.
or
animate
also
;
for
he
makes
use
in
some
sort
of
the
motions
,
faculties
,
and
souls
of
animals
themselves
,
in
order
to
the
perfection
of
the
Universe
,
and
procreation
of
Animals
.
It
appears
therefore
in
some
proportion
,
what
the
males
contribution
is
towards
generation
;
namely
,
the
cock
brings
that
same
virtue
to
the
egg
,
by
which
of
a
subventaneous
it
becomes
a
fertile
one
,
as
vegetable
Fruits
borrow
from
the
Summer
heat
to
ripen
themselves
,
and
fructifie
their
seeds
;
and
which
induceth
fertility
into
spontaneous
productions
,
by
which
from
worms
they
become
a
Canker-worm
,
and
from
a
Canker-worm
,
they
become
the
worm
called
Aurelia
,
and
from
an
Aurelia
,
Butterflies
,
common
Flies
,
and
Bees
,
&c.
And
in
this
manner
the
Sun
by
his
access
to
the
earth
,
is
the
Beginning
of
the
motion
and
transmutation
in
the
Increase
of
Fruits
;
and
the
End
also
,
when
he
becomes
the
author
of
the
fertility
of
their
Seeds
.
And
as
in
the
early
Spring
he
is
the
primary
efficient
of
Leaves
,
Blossoms
,
and
Fruits
,
so
is
he
the
last
compleater
of
the
maturity
and
fecundity
of
the
Seed
in
the
strength
of
Summer
.
For
confirmation
of
which
,
amongst
many
other
observations
,
I
shall
insert
this
one
:
There
are
some
amongst
us
who
manure
their
Orange-trees
with
a
great
deal
of
care
and
husbandry
;
so
that
the
Oranges
which
the
first
year
grew
to
the
bigness
of
the
top
of
ones
thumb
,
are
the
next
Summer
mature
and
complete
,
save
onely
that
they
have
no
kernels
,
or
seeds
.
While
my
thoughts
were
bent
upon
this
contemplation
,
I
fanfied
these
Oranges
to
be
a
Specimen
of
the
Subventaneous
eggs
,
which
are
produced
by
the
Hen
,
without
the
Cocks
assistance
,
having
all
the
sensible
appearances
or
requisites
of
fruitful
eggs
,
bating
onely
the
fecundity
,
or
propagating
seed
.
As
if
the
same
thing
were
conferred
by
the
Cock
upon
a
subventaneous
egg
,
to
make
it
fruitful
,
which
the
Sun
contributes
in
hotter
climats
,
whereby
the
fruit
of
their
trees
are
produced
with
kernels
.
And
as
if
the
English
Summer
were
no
farther
usefull
to
some
fruit
,
then
the
simple
Hen
to
the
Egge
,
and
were
onely
like
the
female
,
an
impotent
progenitress
:
which
Summer
in
other
Countries
,
where
they
enjoy
a
greater
bounty
from
the
Suns
presence
,
were
a
masculine
Summer
,
and
did
complete
her
productions
.
This
,
by
the
by
,
that
by
the
eggs
example
it
might
appear
,
what
qualifications
are
required
to
a
primary
efficient
in
the
generation
of
Animals
.
For
it
is
clear
,
that
there
is
in
an
egg
an
operator
(
and
also
in
every
conception
,
and
rudiment
)
which
is
not
only
infused
into
it
from
the
fentale
,
but
is
first
communicated
from
the
male
by
the
gemture
in
coition
,
but
yet
first
of
all
contributed
to
the
Male
,
from
the
Heavens
,
the
Sun
,
or
the
Almighty
Creator
.
It
is
likewise
manifest
,
that
this
Operator
or
Agent
,
which
is
existent
in
the
egge
,
and
in
every
seed
,
is
so
inspired
with
power
from
the
Parents
,
that
it
fashions
the
chicken
to
the
likeness
of
the
Parents
,
not
of
it self
;
and
that
a
mixt
likeness
too
,
as
proceeding
from
them
both
united
in
coition
:
and
since
all
things
are
transacted
with
an
admirable
providence
and
wisdom
,
the
presence
of
the
divine
Deity
is
clearly
implyed
.
But
of
this
we
shall
more
largely
treat
elsewhere
,
when
we
shall
endeavour
to
shew
,
what
remaines
in
the
Female
presently
after
coition
,
and
where
it
abideth
:
and
likewise
(
because
nothing
at
all
is
discoverable
in
the
cavity
of
the
womb
after
coition
)
what
that
prolifical
contagion
,
or
first
conception
is
?
Whether
it
be
any
corporeal
thing
,
any
where
reserved
in
the
female
,
or
something
incorporeal
?
And
whether
the
conception
of
the
womb
be
like
the
conception
of
the
Brain
,
and
so
Fecundity
be
attained
,
as
Science
is
?
(
for
there
are
arguments
not
wanting
to
prove
it
)
and
as
Motion
,
and
Animal
operations
,
do
take
their
rise
from
the
conception
of
the
Brain
(
which
we
call
the
desire
,
or
appetite
)
so
whether
do
Natural
motions
likewise
,
and
the
Operations
of
the
Vegetative
faculty
(
especially
Generation
)
depend
upon
the
conception
of
the
womb
?
Again
,
how
that
prolifical
contagion
is
of
a
mixt
nature
,
and
transferred
from
the
Male
into
the
Female
,
and
from
her
into
the
Egge
?
And
lastly
,
how
the
contagion
,
or
infection
of
all
preternatural
diseases
,
and
distempers
do
spread
,
and
propagate
insensibly
.
Of
the
Order
of
Generation
,
and
first
,
of
the
first
Genital
Particle
.
EXER
.
LI.
WHat
that
is
which
is
produced
in
the
Female
immediately
upon
coition
,
or
doth
remain
in
her
,
which
we
hitherto
do
comprise
under
the
name
of
contagion
,
by
which
,
as
by
Infection
,
the
female
is
rendered
fruitfull
by
the
male
,
and
afterwards
doth
generate
a
foetus
of
her
own
accord
,
shall
be
said
in
its
place
,
where
we
shall
make
a
stricter
disquisition
and
examination
of
that
matter
.
In
the
mean
time
,
we
shall
signifie
to
you
,
all
such
things
as
do
openly
display
themselves
in
the
order
of
the
production
of
the
parts
,
and
are
worth
the
Observation
.
And
first
of
all
,
because
it
is
plain
that
the
chicken
is
built
by
Epigenesis
,
or
the
additament
of
parts
budding
one
out
of
another
,
we
will
discover
what
part
is
first
founded
before
all
its
company
,
and
what
is
observable
concerning
it
,
and
the
manner
of
its
generation
.
That
which
Aristotle
affirms
concerning
the
generation
de
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
1.
of
perfect
animals
,
is
an
undoubted
truth
,
and
most
apparent
in
an
egge
;
namely
,
that
all
the
parts
are
not
framed
together
,
but
one
after
another
in
order
;
&
that
the
first
in
being
is
that
genital
particle
;
by
virtue
of
which
afterwards
(
as
from
their
original
)
all
the
rest
of
the
parts
do
arise
.
As
we
see
in
the
seeds
of
Plants
(
as
Beans
and
Acorns
)
a
budding
,
or
protuberant
point
,
which
is
the
foundation
of
the
future
Tree
.
And
this
particle
is
like
a
Son
set
free
,
and
dwelling
Ibid.
c.
1.
in
a
mannour
of
his
own
,
and
a
principle
subsisting
of
himself
;
whence
afterwards
the
order
of
the
parts
is
delineated
,
and
all
things
ordered
and
regulated
which
conduce
to
the
complement
of
the
Animal
.
For
since
,
no
part
is
its
own
parent
,
but
when
it
is
once
begotten
,
doth
provide
for
it self
:
therefore
that
part
must
of
necessity
be
first
made
,
which
doth
contain
the
principle
of
encrease
(
for
be
they
Plants
or
Animals
,
they
have
all
that
in
them
which
contains
a
power
of
vegetation
and
sustaining
;
)
and
distinguisheth
also
and
formeth
Ib.
c.
4.
all
the
other
parts
in
their
due
order
and
rank
:
therefore
the
Soul
is
primarily
in
that
primogenit
particle
;
which
Soul
is
the
fountain
and
author
of
Sense
,
Motion
,
and
Life
of
the
whole
.
That
therefore
is
the
principal
particle
,
from
which
the
vital
spirit
,
and
native
heat
do
descend
into
all
the
rest
;
in
which
the
Physitians
calidum
Innatum
sive
implantatum
,
innate
or
implanted
warm
substance
,
doth
first
display
it self
;
and
the
domestick
houshold-God
or
lasting
fire
inhabits
;
from
whence
Life
floweth
into
the
Body
in
general
,
and
each
particular
part
;
from
whence
Nutrition
,
Ayde
,
Growth
,
and
Comfort
derive
their
streames
:
Lastly
,
where
Life
first
ariseth
to
the
born
,
and
setts
to
the
dying
creature
.
These
indeed
are
all
true
of
the
first
genital
part
,
and
do
evidently
appear
in
the
generation
of
the
chicken
;
and
therefore
,
as
I
conceive
,
being
moved
thereunto
by
sundry
Observations
,
the
opinion
of
some
Physitians
,
whose
Philosophy
is
ill
founded
,
is
to
be
rejected
(
whereby
they
decree
that
the
three
principal
and
eldest
parts
,
the
Brain
,
the
Heart
,
and
the
Liver
,
do
together
spring
out
of
the
small
bladders
or
bubbles
)
so
neither
can
I
assent
to
Aristotle
himself
,
who
concludes
that
the
Heart
is
this
first
genital
and
animate
particle
.
For
the
truth
is
,
I
am
perswaded
that
this
Prerogative
is
onely
due
to
the
Blood
:
for
the
blood
is
it
which
is
first
seen
in
Generation
.
And
that
not
onely
in
an
Egg
,
but
in
every
Foetus
,
and
animal
conception
whatsoever
:
As
shall
plainly
appear
anon
.
There
appears
,
I
say
,
from
the
beginning
,
Punctum
Rubrum
saliens
,
Vesicula
pulsans
,
Fibraeque
inde
deductae
,
the
Red
capering
Point
,
the
Panting
Vesicle
,
and
the
Fibers
deduced
thence
,
which
contain
blood
.
And
so
farre
as
I
could
possibly
discern
by
accurate
Inspection
,
the
Blood
is
formed
before
the
Punctum
saliens
,
and
is
endowed
with
vital
heat
,
before
it
moves
by
pulse
;
and
in
it
,
and
from
it
doth
the
pulsation
begin
.
For
I
have
found
it
true
by
sundry
experiments
both
in
an
egge
,
and
elsewhere
,
that
the
blood
is
it
,
in
which
(
so
long
as
the
vital
heat
is
not
quite
extinct
)
resideth
the
possibility
of
reviving
.
And
since
the
Vesicula
pulsans
,
and
the
Fibres
containing
blood
which
are
derived
from
it
,
are
seen
before
any
other
parts
;
I
conceive
it
consonant
to
reason
,
that
the
blood
is
made
before
his
receptacles
;
that
is
to
say
,
the
thing
contained
,
before
the
thing
containing
;
for
the
latter
is
made
to
be
serviceable
to
the
former
.
And
therefore
it
is
most
probable
,
That
the
Veines
,
and
Fibres
,
and
then
the
Vesicle
,
and
after
it
the
Heart
,
as
being
Instruments
destined
to
receive
and
house
the
blood
,
are
erected
for
the
transmission
,
and
distribution
of
it
,
and
that
the
blood
is
the
primary
particle
of
the
body
.
And
this
is
manifest
by
many
Observations
;
but
chiefly
,
in
that
some
living
creatures
(
and
such
too
as
have
blood
)
live
a
good
while
without
any
pulse
at
all
;
and
some
become
like
Anchorites
all
the
Winter
long
,
and
yet
survive
,
though
their
Hearts
within
them
do
respite
all
their
motions
,
and
their
Lungs
make
Holy-day
,
and
forbear
respiration
;
like
those
persons
,
who
in
a
Syncope
,
Lipothymia
,
or
Hysterical
passions
,
lie
half-dead
without
the
motion
of
the
Pulse
.
Being
therefore
ascertained
out
of
those
things
which
I
have
observed
in
an
Egge
,
and
the
dissection
of
Animals
while
they
were
alive
,
I
conclude
(
against
Aristotle
)
that
the
blood
is
the
first
Genital
particle
,
and
that
the
Heart
is
its
Instrument
designed
for
its
Circulation
.
For
the
Hearts
business
or
function
is
the
propulsation
or
driving
forth
of
the
blood
,
as
appeares
in
all
Animals
that
have
blood
:
and
the
office
of
the
Vesicula
pulsans
is
the
very
same
,
(
in
the
generation
of
the
Chicken
)
which
I
have
shewed
to
many
persons
,
in
the
first
conceptions
of
Animals
,
(
as
well
as
in
an
Egge
)
when
it
hath
been
less
then
a
Spark
,
panting
,
and
in
its
motion
,
drawing
it self
together
,
and
so
squeezing
out
the
blood
contained
in
it
,
and
by
relaxing
it self
again
,
receiving
and
entertaining
blood
afresh
.
And
hence
the
prerogative
and
antiquity
of
the
blood
appeares
,
seeing
that
the
Pulse
proceedeth
from
it
.
For
there
being
two
parts
of
Pulsation
;
(
Distention
,
and
Contraction
,
or
Systole
,
and
Diastole
)
and
the
first
of
these
motions
is
Distention
,
it
is
manifest
that
that
action
proceeds
from
the
blood
;
but
the
Contraction
is
made
by
the
Vesicula
pulsans
in
an
Egge
,
(
as
by
the
Heart
in
a
Chicken
)
by
its
proper
fibres
;
as
by
an
Organ
destined
to
that
use
.
And
it
is
also
certain
,
that
the
said
Vesicula
,
as
also
the
Auricula
cordis
,
the
deaf-eare
of
the
Heart
,
afterwards
(
from
whom
the
Pulsation
first
begins
)
are
incited
to
the
constrictive
motion
,
by
the
blood
distending
them
.
The
Diastole
,
or
Dilatation
,
is
made
by
the
blood
boyling
or
swelling
by
the
spirits
within
it
:
And
so
Aristotles
Opinion
concerning
the
pulsation
of
the
Heart
,
(
namely
,
that
it
is
made
by
a
kinde
of
Ebullition
)
is
in
some
sort
true
.
For
as
in
Milk
set
upon
the
fire
,
and
in
Beere
,
we
see
dayly
a
Fermentation
,
working
,
or
Intumescence
;
so
is
it
in
the
pulse
of
the
Heart
,
in
which
the
blood
,
as
by
a
kinde
of
fermentation
working
up
,
is
distended
,
and
then
ebbs
,
or
falls
down
againe
:
and
that
which
befalls
them
per
accidens
,
from
an
external
agent
(
namely
,
an
adventitious
heat
)
that
is
accomplished
in
the
blood
,
by
its
own
internal
heat
,
or
innate
spirit
;
and
is
also
regulated
by
the
soul
in
a
natural
way
,
and
for
the
preservation
of
living
creatures
.
The
Pulse
therefore
is
performed
by
a
twofold
Agent
;
namely
,
the
Distention
or
Dilatation
proceeds
from
the
Blood
;
and
the
Constriction
,
from
the
membrane
of
the
vesicula
in
the
Egge
;
(
but
in
the
Foetus
when
it
is
born
,
from
the
Deaf-eares
,
and
Ventricles
of
the
Heart
)
and
by
the
mutual
performance
of
this
alternate
and
interchanging
motion
,
the
blood
is
driven
round
the
whole
body
,
and
so
our
lives
continued
.
Nor
is
the
Blood
therefore
onely
to
be
called
the
Primigenial
and
principal
part
,
because
that
in
,
and
from
it
the
fountain
of
motion
and
pulsation
is
derived
;
but
also
,
because
the
Animal
heat
,
or
vital
spirit
is
first
radicated
and
implanted
,
and
the
soul
takes
up
her
first
mansion
in
it
.
For
wheresoever
the
immediate
and
principal
Instrument
of
the
vegetative
faculty
is
first
found
,
there
in
probability
the
soul
first
resides
,
and
takes
her
Beginning
;
as
being
inseparable
from
the
spirit
,
and
the
calidum
innatum
.
For
however
in
Artificial
Operations
(
as
Fabricius
rightly
admonisheth
)
the
Artificer
and
the
Instruments
are
separated
;
yet
in
the
works
of
Nature
they
are
conjoyned
,
and
one
and
the
same
:
so
the
Stomack
is
both
the
Author
,
and
the
Instrument
of
chylification
.
So
in
like
manner
,
the
Soul
with
the
Spirit
(
her
Instrument
)
is
immediately
conjoyned
:
and
therefore
be
it
in
what
part
it
will
,
that
heat
and
motion
first
begin
,
there
also
the
Life
doth
first
arise
,
and
last
expire
;
and
out
of
question
,
the
most
intimate
domestick
Deities
,
and
Soul
it selfe
,
are
there
enshrined
.
Life
therefore
consists
in
the
blood
,
(
as
we
read
in
Holy
Scripture
)
because
in
it
the
Life
and
Soule
live
Animals
,
that
when
the
body
was
now
a
dying
,
and
breathing
done
,
the
Heart
continued
its
pulse
a
while
,
and
kept
up
life
in
it
.
And
when
the
Heart
hath
now
given
over
,
you
shall
discern
a
motion
yet
surviving
in
the
Auriculae
,
or
Deaf-eares
;
and
though
the
other
faile
,
yet
the
Right
will
still
be
stirring
;
and
when
that
submits
to
Fate
too
,
yet
you
shall
perceive
a
kinde
of
undulation
,
or
waving
to
and
fro
,
and
obscure
trepidation
,
or
palpitation
in
the
champion
-
blood
,
proclaiming
that
he
gave
the
last
blow
.
And
any
man
may
plainly
see
,
that
the
blood
retaines
heat
,
(
that
deriver
of
Life
and
Palsation
)
when
all
the
other
parts
are
chilled
,
and
cold
:
which
heat
when
it
is
quite
extinct
,
as
the
blood
is
then
no
longer
sanguis
,
sed
cruor
,
Blood
,
but
Gore
;
so
now
no
longer
hope
of
returning
back
to
lise
.
But
,
both
in
an
Egge
,
and
in
gasping
Animals
,
after
all
pulsation
is
expunged
,
if
you
apply
a
gentle
warmth
either
to
the
Punctum
saliens
,
or
the
right
Auricle
of
the
Heart
,
you
shall
presently
see
the
motion
,
pulsation
,
and
life
set
on
foot
again
by
the
Blood
;
except
he
have
quite
fore-gone
all
his
innate
heat
,
and
vital
spirit
.
By
all
which
it
is
most
evident
,
that
the
blood
is
the
Genital
Part
,
the
fountain
of
Life
,
Primum
vivens
,
&
ultimum
moriens
,
the
First-born
,
and
the
Longest
Liver
,
and
the
chief
Palace
and
Court
of
the
soul
:
in
which
(
as
in
its
Spring-head
)
the
heat
doth
first
and
chiefly
flow
,
and
flourish
:
and
from
which
all
the
other
parts
of
the
Body
derive
their
life
and
influent
warmth
.
For
that
heat
streaming
with
the
blood
,
doth
sprinckle
,
cherish
,
and
preserve
the
whole
:
as
we
have
heretofore
demonstrated
in
our
Booke
,
de
Motu
sanguinis
.
And
therefore
Blood
is
found
in
every
particle
of
the
Body
,
nor
can
you
find
footing
for
the
point
of
a
needle
,
or
the
edge
of
your
naile
,
where
you
shall
not
immediately
start
the
blood
:
as
if
,
were
it
not
for
the
blood
,
the
body
would
enjoy
no
heat
,
nor
life
.
Therefore
the
blood
being
never
so
little
concentrated
and
fixt
,
(
Hippocrates
calls
it
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
)
as
it
is
in
Swouning
,
frights
,
extream
cold
weather
,
and
the
approach
of
the
Paroxysme
or
fit
of
an
Ague
,
you
shall
presently
behold
,
the
whole
body
freeze
,
and
grow
stiff
,
and
languish
in
a
pale
and
livid
complexion
:
but
the
blood
being
summoned
back
,
by
applied
Fomentations
,
exercise
,
or
affections
of
the
Mind
,
(
as
Joy
,
or
Anger
)
how
nimbly
do
all
parts
recover
their
Heat
,
Floridnesse
,
Vigour
and
Beauty
.
And
hereupon
the
ruddy
sanguine
parts
alone
,
are
called
the
Hot
parts
,
as
the
Flesh
;
but
the
white
and
bloodless
parts
,
as
the
Nerves
and
Ligaments
,
the
Cold.
And
as
Sanguineous
Animals
exceed
the
bloodless
;
so
even
in
the
parts
,
those
that
are
more
liberally
indowed
with
Blood
,
are
counted
the
Eminent
parts
.
And
the
Liver
,
Spleen
,
Reins
,
Lungs
,
and
Heart
it self
(
if
you
strain
all
the
blood
out
of
them
,
for
whose
sake
they
are
chiefly
called
Viscera
)
they
presently
grow
pale
,
and
wan
,
and
are
to
be
registered
amongst
the
colder
parts
.
The
Heart
himselfe
,
I
say
,
doth
by
the
Coronary
Arteries
receive
the
Blood
,
it
s
influent
heat
and
life
,
both
which
it
enjoyes
upon
no
other
account
,
then
the
meer
bounty
of
the
Blood
.
Nor
can
the
Liver
proceed
in
its
publick
office
,
without
the
influence
of
blood
and
heat
from
the
Coeliacal
Artery
.
For
there
is
no
where
any
affluence
of
heat
,
without
an
Influence
or
influx
of
blood
by
the
Arteries
.
And
therefore
in
the
first
Confirmation
of
all
the
parts
,
before
they
put
themselves
into
publick
undertakings
,
they
are
to
be
discovered
pale
,
and
blood-lesse
:
hereupon
the
old
Physitians
and
Anatomists
supposed
them
to
be
spermatical
parts
,
and
this
speech
was
wont
to
obtain
amongst
them
,
that
in
Generation
,
Aliquot
in
Lacte
dies
absumuntur
,
some
daies
are
spent
in
the
Milk
,
that
is
about
the
Constitution
of
the
white
;
Spermatical
parts
.
The
very
substance
of
the
Liver
it self
,
the
Lungs
,
and
the
Heart
,
at
their
first
appearance
are
exceeding
white
.
Nay
the
Cone
of
the
Heart
,
and
the
walls
or
sides
of
its
Ventricles
,
are
even
then
white
,
when
the
Auriculae
are
full
,
and
dyed
with
Scarlet-blood
,
and
the
Coronary
Vein
looks
ruddy
.
So
likewise
the
Parenchyma
of
the
Liver
is
it selfe
white
,
when
the
branches
and
propagations
of
its
Veins
are
blushing
with
blood
:
nor
doth
it
execute
its
publick
office
,
untill
it
be
throughly
drenched
with
blood
.
And
lastly
,
the
blood
doth
so
surround
,
and
peirce
into
the
whole
body
,
and
impart
heat
and
life
to
all
its
parts
,
that
the
soul
may
justly
be
counted
resident
in
it
,
and
for
his
sake
,
Tota
in
tota
&
tota
in
qualibet
parte
,
to
be
all
in
all
,
and
all
in
every
part
,
(
as
the
old
saying
is
.
)
But
it
is
so
far
from
truth
(
which
yet
Aristotle
and
all
Physitians
affirm
)
that
the
Liver
,
or
Heart
is
the
Author
of
the
Blood
:
that
the
contrary
,
out
of
the
fabrick
of
the
chicken
in
the
egge
,
is
most
manifest
:
namely
,
the
Blood
rather
is
the
Author
of
the
Heart
,
and
Liver
.
And
this
also
Physitians
before
they
are
aware
seem
to
acknowledge
,
while
they
conclude
that
the
Parenchyma
of
the
Liver
is
a
certain
affusion
,
or
conflux
of
Blood
:
as
if
it
were
nothing
else
but
blood
congealed
.
Now
it
must
have
a
being
before
it
can
be
affused
,
or
coagulated
:
and
that
it
is
so
,
experience
her self
openly
displayes
;
for
blood
appears
in
the
egg
,
before
there
be
any
track
or
Rudiment
of
any
such
thing
as
the
Body
,
or
any
of
the
Viscera
.
And
yet
no
blood
can
come
thither
from
the
Mother
to
the
Fatus
,
(
as
people
commonly
phansie
in
Viviparous
productions
.
)
The
Liver
of
Fishes
is
alwaies
whitish
,
though
their
Veins
are
purpled
,
and
dark
.
And
our
Hens
the
better
they
are
crammed
,
so
much
the
more
do
their
Livers
impair
,
and
grow
pallid
.
Green-sickness
Virgins
that
are
Cachectical
,
as
the
habit
of
their
bodies
is
pale
,
so
is
their
Liver
:
an
evident
signe
of
the
penury
and
dearth
of
Blood
.
Therefore
the
Liver
borrows
his
heat
and
complexion
from
the
blood
,
and
not
the
blood
from
him
.
Hence
it
is
plaine
,
that
blood
is
the
prime
genital
Part
,
whence
the
soul
primarily
results
,
and
out
of
which
the
primary
animate
part
of
the
Foetus
,
which
is
the
fountain
of
all
the
rest
,
both
similar
,
and
dissimilar
is
derived
,
which
by
that
means
attain
their
Vital
heat
,
and
become
subservient
to
it
:
And
the
Heart
is
erected
for
this
end
and
purpose
onely
,
that
it
may
by
continual
pulsation
(
to
which
the
Veins
and
Arteries
are
ministerial
and
subservient
)
entertain
this
blood
,
and
spout
it
out
again
up
and
down
through
the
whole
body
.
All
which
is
the
clearer
discovered
by
this
,
that
the
Heart
hath
not
a
pulsation
in
all
Animals
,
nor
yet
at
all
times
;
when
yet
the
blood
,
or
something
proportionable
to
blood
is
never
wanting
in
any
.
Of
the
Blood
,
as
it
is
the
Principal
Part.
EXER
.
LII
.
IT
is
therefore
evident
,
even
to
the
Eye
,
that
the
blood
is
the
Primigenial
,
and
so
the
Genital
part
:
&
that
all
those
attributes
recited
in
the
precedent
Chapter
are
consistent
with
it
:
namely
,
that
it
is
the
builder
and
preserver
of
the
body
and
principal
part
wherein
the
soul
hath
her
Session
.
For
(
as
we
newly
said
)
before
any
particle
of
the
body
appear
,
the
blood
is
born
,
and
groweth
,
having
a
palpitation
(
as
Aristotle
saith
)
within
the
Veins
moving
De
hist.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
19.
to
and
fro
with
a
Pulse
,
and
is
above
all
the
humours
dispersed
through
the
whole
body
.
And
so
long
as
life
doth
last
,
the
Blood
alone
is
Animate
,
and
hot
.
Moreover
,
by
his
various
motions
,
in
celerity
,
or
slowness
;
vehemence
,
or
feebleness
,
&c.
He
plainly
discovers
his
resentment
of
the
affronts
which
any
thing
casts
upon
him
,
and
the
friendships
of
such
as
cherish
him
.
We
therefore
conclude
,
the
blood
lives
and
is
nourished
of
it selfe
,
no
way
depending
upon
any
other
part
of
the
body
,
as
elder
or
worthier
then
it self
.
But
whether
the
whole
body
depend
upon
it
,
as
being
postgenit
,
adjoined
,
and
a
kind
of
appendix
or
retainer
to
it
,
is
not
the
business
of
this
place
.
I
shall
only
adde
,
what
Aristotle
confesses
,
Truly
the
nature
of
the
blood
De
part
.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
4.
is
the
cause
,
why
very
many
things
befal
Animals
,
both
in
order
to
their
manners
and
sense
.
So
that
hence
we
may
perceive
the
Causes
not
of
life
onely
in
general
,
(
for
you
can
never
discover
any
other
Calidum
innatum
aut
influens
,
innate
or
influent
heat
which
may
be
the
immediate
instrument
of
the
soul
,
besides
the
Blood
)
but
also
of
longer
or
shorter
life
,
or
sleep
,
and
wakefulness
,
of
Wit
and
Strength
&c.
For
by
its
tenuity
(
saith
Aristotle
in
the
same
place
)
and
cleanness
or
purity
,
creatures
are
wiser
,
and
have
quicker
senses
:
and
likewise
are
either
more
timorous
,
or
couragious
,
angry
and
furious
:
according
as
their
blood
is
more
dilute
and
thin
,
or
more
compact
and
grosse
by
fibres
.
Nor
is
blood
the
Author
of
life
onely
,
but
according
to
its
several
discriminations
,
it
is
the
cause
of
health
,
or
diseases
.
And
Poysons
themselves
,
which
assault
us
from
without
,
(
as
poisoned
darts
or
bullets
)
did
they
not
infect
the
blood
,
would
do
us
no
prejudice
.
So
that
our
life
,
and
wellfare
is
derived
unto
us
from
the
same
spring
.
If
the
Hist.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
9.
blood
be
over
liquid
,
saith
Aristotle
,
men
grow
sick
;
for
it
degenerates
into
so
serous
a
gore
,
that
some
have
swet
Blood
.
If
too
much
of
it
stream
out
,
they
die
.
For
by
want
of
blood
,
all
the
parts
do
not
onely
languish
presently
,
but
the
Animal
it self
soon
expires
.
I
conceive
it
inconvenient
to
set
down
Experiments
to
confirm
this
,
because
they
require
a
peculiar
Tract
.
I
perceive
that
the
wonderful
Circulation
of
the
blood
,
first
found
out
by
me
,
is
consented
to
almost
by
all
:
and
that
no
man
hath
hitherto
made
any
objection
to
it
,
greatly
worth
a
confutation
:
Wherefore
if
I
shall
subjoine
the
causes
,
and
benefits
of
that
Circulation
,
and
lay
open
some
other
secrets
of
the
blood
,
as
,
how
much
it
conduceth
to
the
happiness
of
the
creature
,
as
also
to
both
soul
,
and
body
,
that
so
men
may
be
cautious
to
preserve
their
blood
pure
and
clean
,
by
commodious
diet
,
I
conceive
I
shall
perform
an
office
,
not
more
new
,
then
useful
,
and
acceptable
to
Philosophers
,
and
Physitians
:
nor
will
this
opinion
seem
so
improbable
and
absurd
to
any
,
as
once
to
Aristotle
;
namely
,
That
the
Blood
,
like
a
Tutelar
De
Anima
.
l.
1.
c.
2.
Deity
,
is
the
very
soul
in
the
body
,
as
Critias
of
old
,
and
others
thought
,
supposing
sense
to
be
the
chiefest
property
of
the
soul
,
and
that
sense
to
be
in
her
by
the
nature
of
the
Blood
.
Now
some
concluded
it
to
be
the
soul
,
because
it
hath
a
power
of
moving
by
its
owne
nature
:
As
Thales
,
Diogenes
,
Heraclitus
,
Alcmaeon
,
and
others
.
But
that
both
sense
and
motion
are
in
the
Blood
,
De
hist.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
19.
&
de
part
.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
3.
is
conspicuous
by
many
tokens
,
though
Aristotle
denied
it
.
For
if
he
himself
compelled
by
the
truth
of
the
thing
it self
,
did
confess
,
that
there
was
a
soul
in
an
egge
,
though
the
egge
were
addle
:
and
that
in
the
Geniture
and
Blood
was
found
a
divine
substance
,
proportionably
answering
to
the
Matter
of
the
Stars
,
and
that
it
was
the
Creators
Vice-Roy
:
If
some
of
the
Moderns
say
,
that
the
seed
of
Animals
ejected
in
Coition
is
animate
,
Why
should
we
not
upon
as
good
reason
say
,
that
there
is
a
soul
in
the
Blood
?
and
seeing
it
is
the
first
begotten
,
first
moved
,
&
first
nourished
,
why
should
we
doubt
to
affirm
,
that
the
soul
is
first
raised
,
&
kindled
out
of
it
?
Blood
is
that
,
wherein
the
Vegetal
and
sensative
operations
first
shine
forth
:
in
which
the
primary
and
immediate
officer
of
the
soul
,
is
bred
;
which
is
the
common
tye
of
soul
and
body
;
and
in
which
,
as
in
her
Chariot
,
the
soul
visits
and
scattereth
influence
upon
all
the
parts
of
the
body
.
Besides
,
since
the
contemplation
of
Geniture
is
(
as
we
have
seen
already
)
so
difficult
,
(
namely
,
how
the
fabrick
of
the
body
should
be
built
by
it
,
with
providence
,
art
,
and
divine
understanding
)
why
should
we
not
by
the
same
right
,
admire
the
excellent
nature
of
blood
,
and
harbour
as
worthy
thoughts
concerning
it
,
as
seed
?
especially
seeing
the
Geniture
it self
(
as
appears
by
the
egge
)
is
made
of
the
blood
;
and
all
the
whole
body
(
as
from
its
Genital
part
)
seems
not
onely
to
desume
its
first
Foundation
,
but
Preservation
also
,
from
it
.
Thus
much
by
the
way
concerning
this
matter
,
being
to
treat
more
fully
and
exactly
of
it
elsewhere
.
Nor
do
I
conceive
it
worth
the
trouble
,
to
dispute
here
,
whether
the
definition
of
a
part
in
its
proper
acceptation
agree
to
blood
?
which
some
deny
upon
these
grounds
chiefly
,
because
it
hath
not
sense
,
and
because
it
flowes
and
insinuates
into
all
the
parts
of
the
body
,
to
cater
convenient
dyet
for
them
.
But
I
have
found
many
things
about
the
manner
of
Generation
,
by
which
being
convinced
,
I
shall
establish
the
contrary
to
those
things
,
(
which
Philosophers
&
Physitians
commonly
affirm
,
or
deny
.
)
At
present
I
will
onely
say
,
that
in
case
we
should
consent
that
the
blood
hath
not
sense
,
yet
it
cannot
be
thence
inferred
,
that
it
is
no
part
of
the
sensitive
body
,
and
that
the
chifest
too
.
For
neither
the
Braine
,
nor
the
Spinal
Marrow
,
or
the
Crystalline
,
or
Glassie
humour
of
the
Eye
have
any
sense
,
and
yet
all
Philosophers
and
Physitians
do
to
this
day
with
one
consent
,
allow
them
to
be
parts
of
the
body
.
But
Aristotle
did
number
it
amongst
the
similar
parts
,
and
Hippocrates
also
;
for
while
he
constitutes
the
Animal
body
,
out
of
conteining
,
and
conteined
parts
,
and
impetum
facientibus
,
spirits
,
he
did
necessarily
own
the
blood
amongst
the
conteined
parts
.
But
of
this
more
at
large
,
when
we
enquire
what
a
part
is
,
and
how
many
several
acceptations
there
are
of
it
.
In
the
mean
time
,
we
will
not
conceale
this
Admirable
Experiment
(
by
which
it
shall
appear
that
the
most
principal
member
of
all
,
namely
,
the
very
Heart
it self
,
may
seem
to
be
insensible
.
)
A
Noble
young
Gentleman
,
Son
and
Heire
to
the
honorable
the
Vice-Count
of
Mountgomery
in
Ireland
,
when
he
was
a
childe
,
had
a
strange
mishapp
by
an
unexpected
fall
,
causing
a
Fracture
in
the
Ribs
on
the
left
side
:
the
Bruise
was
brought
to
a
Suppuration
,
whereby
a
great
quantity
of
putrified
matter
was
voided
out
,
and
this
putrefaction
gushed
out
for
a
long
while
together
out
of
the
wide
wound
.
I
deliver
it
from
his
own
mouth
,
and
the
testimony
of
other
creditable
persons
,
who
were
eye-witnesses
.
This
person
of
Honour
,
about
the
eighteenth
,
or
nineteenth
year
of
his
Age
,
having
been
a
Traveller
in
Italy
and
France
,
arrived
at
last
at
London
:
having
all
this
time
a
very
wide
gap
open
in
his
Breast
,
so
that
you
might
see
and
touch
his
Lungs
(
as
it
was
believed
.
)
Which
,
when
it
came
to
the
late
King
Charles
his
ear
,
being
related
as
a
miracle
,
He
presently
sent
me
to
the
Young
Gentleman
,
to
inform
Him
,
how
the
matter
stood
.
Well
,
what
happened
?
When
I
came
neer
him
,
and
saw
him
a
sprightly
Youth
,
with
a
good
complexion
,
and
habit
of
body
,
I
supposed
,
some
body
or
other
had
framed
an
untruth
.
But
having
saluted
him
,
as
the
manner
is
,
and
declared
unto
him
the
Cause
of
my
Visit
,
by
the
Kings
Command
,
he
discovered
all
to
me
,
and
opened
the
void
part
of
his
left
side
,
taking
off
that
small
plate
,
which
he
wore
to
defend
it
against
any
blow
or
outward
injury
.
Where
I
presently
beheld
a
vast
hole
in
his
breast
,
into
which
I
could
easily
put
my
three
Fore-fingers
,
and
my
Thumb
;
and
at
the
first
entrance
I
perceived
a
certain
fleshy
part
sticking
out
,
which
was
driven
in
and
out
by
a
reciprocal
motion
,
whereupon
I
gently
handled
it
in
my
hand
.
Being
now
amazed
at
the
novelty
of
the
thing
,
I
search
it
again
and
again
,
and
having
diligently
enough
enquired
into
all
,
it
was
evident
,
that
that
old
and
vast
Ulcer
(
for
want
of
the
help
of
a
skilfull
Physitian
)
was
miraculously
healed
,
and
skinned
over
with
a
membrane
on
the
Inside
,
and
guarded
with
flesh
all
about
the
brimmes
or
margent
of
it
.
But
that
fleshy
substance
(
which
at
the
first
sight
I
conceived
to
be
proud
flesh
,
and
every
body
else
took
to
be
a
lobe
of
the
Lungs
)
by
its
pulse
,
and
the
differences
or
rythme
thereof
,
or
the
time
which
it
kept
,
(
and
laying
one
hand
upon
his
wrest
,
and
the
other
upon
his
heart
)
and
also
by
comparing
and
considering
his
Respirations
,
I
concluded
it
to
be
no
part
of
the
Lungs
,
but
the
Cone
or
Substance
of
the
Heart
;
which
an
excrescent
fungous
Substance
(
as
is
usual
in
soul
Ulcers
)
had
fenced
outwardly
like
a
Sconce
.
The
Young
Gentlemans
Man
did
by
dayly
warm
injections
deliver
that
fleshy
accretion
from
the
filth
&
pollutions
which
grew
about
it
,
and
so
clapt
on
the
Plate
:
which
was
no
sooner
done
,
but
his
Master
was
well
,
and
ready
for
any
journey
or
exercise
,
living
a
pleasant
,
and
secure
life
.
Therefore
,
instead
of
an
Account
of
the
Business
,
I
brought
the
Young
Gentleman
himself
to
our
late
King
,
that
he
might
see
,
and
handle
this
strange
and
singular
Accident
with
his
own
Senses
;
namely
,
the
Heart
and
its
Ventricles
in
their
own
pulsation
,
in
a
young
,
and
sprigtly
Gentleman
,
without
offense
to
him
:
Whereupon
the
King
himself
consented
with
me
,
That
the
Heart
is
deprived
of
the
Sense
of
Feeling
.
For
the
Party
perceived
not
that
we
touched
him
at
all
,
but
meerly
by
seeing
us
,
or
by
the
sensation
of
the
outward
skin
.
We
likewise
took
notice
of
the
motion
of
his
Heart
;
namely
,
that
in
the
Diastole
it
was
drawn
in
and
retracted
,
and
in
the
Systole
came
forth
,
and
was
thrust
out
;
and
that
the
Systole
was
made
in
the
heart
,
when
the
Diastole
was
sensible
in
the
wrest
;
and
also
that
the
proper
motion
of
the
heart
is
the
Systole
;
and
lastly
,
that
the
heart
then
beats
upon
the
breast
,
and
is
a
litle
prominent
,
when
it
is
lifted
upwards
and
contracted
into
it self
.
Nor
is
that
other
Controversie
(
namely
,
whether
the
Blood
do
onely
serve
to
nourish
the
Body
)
to
be
much
insisted
upon
in
this
place
.
Aristotle
indeed
doth
in
several
places
contend
,
that
the
blood
is
Alimentum
ultimum
,
the
last
Aliment
,
and
with
him
the
whole
School
of
Physitians
give
suffrage
.
And
yet
many
things
hard
to
be
unfolded
,
and
of
bad
coherence
,
will
ensue
upon
that
opinion
.
For
,
when
Physitians
treat
of
the
Blood
in
stotle
,
did
constitute
the
blood
out
of
parts
and
differences
in
some
manner
alike
.
Physitians
indeed
do
onely
take
notice
of
humane
blood
,
and
of
that
as
it
spins
into
a
Sawcer
in
Phlebotomy
,
and
so
coagulates
.
Aristotle
contemplates
the
blood
of
all
creatures
in
general
,
or
that
which
beareth
an
Analogy
with
blood
.
But
laying
aside
all
cavil
,
and
omitting
the
inconveniences
which
do
pursue
their
opinion
,
I
shall
briefly
touch
upon
those
things
,
which
they
both
consent
in
,
and
are
plainly
discovered
by
sense
it self
,
and
are
more
pertinent
to
our
business
:
intending
elsewhere
to
examine
them
at
large
.
Though
(
as
I
have
informed
you
)
the
blood
is
called
a
part
of
the
body
,
and
that
the
primigenial
and
principal
part
;
yet
if
it
be
considered
in
the
whole
lump
(
as
it
is
in
the
Veins
)
nothing
hinders
,
why
we
may
not
say
,
that
it
conteins
Aliment
,
concocts
it
,
and
doth
apply
it
to
all
parts
:
and
that
being
one
and
the
same
thing
,
yet
in
that
acceptation
it
may
be
said
,
both
to
feed
,
and
to
be
fed
,
as
also
to
be
both
the
material
and
efficient
cause
of
the
Body
:
and
naturally
to
have
that
very
constitution
,
which
Aristotle
conceived
to
be
necessary
in
the
primigenial
part
;
namely
,
that
the
blood
is
partly
of
a
similar
,
and
partly
of
a
dissimilar
constitution
.
For
,
saith
he
,
Since
for
senses
sake
it
is
necessarily
ordered
,
that
there
should
be
similar
members
in
Animals
;
and
since
both
the
power
of
sensation
,
motion
,
and
nutrition
,
are
all
comprehended
in
the
same
member
,
(
namely
the
Primogenit
)
it
is
necessary
that
that
member
(
which
conteins
such
principles
in
it
)
should
both
be
simple
,
that
it
may
be
capable
of
all
sensible
objects
;
and
also
dissimilar
,
that
it
may
move
,
and
act
.
Wherefore
,
he
goes
on
,
in
the
race
of
creatures
that
have
blood
,
the
Heart
is
counted
such
a
member
:
but
in
the
bloodless
,
that
member
which
is
proportionable
to
the
Heart
.
Now
if
by
the
Heart
he
understand
that
particle
which
is
first
seen
in
the
Egge
;
namely
,
the
Blood
,
together
with
its
receptacles
(
the
Vesiculae
pulsantes
,
and
the
Veins
)
as
one
and
the
same
Organ
;
I
then
conceive
he
speaks
most
true
:
for
the
Blood
as
it
is
discovered
in
the
Egge
and
the
Vesicula
,
is
partly
similar
,
and
partly
dissimilar
.
But
if
he
understand
it
otherwise
,
that
which
is
seen
in
the
egge
,
will
easily
confute
him
:
for
the
substance
of
the
Heart
,
being
considered
without
the
Blood
(
namely
,
its
Cones
,
and
the
Walls
or
partitions
of
its
Ventricles
)
is
generated
long
after
:
and
continues
so
long
white
,
without
any
irrigation
of
blood
upon
it
,
untill
the
Heart
be
fashioned
into
an
Organical
form
,
such
as
may
spout
the
blood
through
the
whole
body
.
Nor
doth
the
Heart
,
then
,
appear
of
a
similar
or
simple
constitution
(
as
is
fit
for
a
Primogenit
part
to
do
)
but
fibrous
,
fleshey
,
and
musculous
:
and
indeed
(
as
Hippocrates
would
have
it
)
a
plain
Muscle
,
or
Instrument
of
motion
.
But
,
the
blood
,
(
as
it
is
first
seen
,
and
as
it
beats
being
yet
comprehended
in
the
Vesicula
,
)
is
plainly
of
that
constitution
,
which
Aristotle
judgeth
necessary
to
a
Principal
part
.
For
the
blood
,
while
it
is
in
its
natural
constitution
in
the
body
,
is
altogether
similar
.
But
so
soon
as
it
is
dislodged
,
and
out
of
its
receptacles
,
and
puts
of
its
native
heat
;
it
presently
degenerates
into
several
parts
,
as
some
dissimilar
thing
.
But
if
the
blood
were
naturally
designed
onely
to
the
nourishing
of
the
body
,
it
would
be
onely
of
a
similar
constitution
;
like
the
Chyle
,
or
White
of
an
egge
;
or
at
least
it
would
be
a
mixt
body
,
being
compounded
of
the
foresaid
parts
or
juyces
,
and
yet
truly
one
:
as
those
other
juyces
;
namely
,
the
Choler
and
Phlegme
,
which
after
death
,
even
when
they
are
taken
out
of
their
habitations
,
remain
the
same
,
as
when
they
were
seen
in
the
live
body
:
but
are
not
so
soon
changed
.
Wherefore
,
what
Aristotle
attributes
to
a
Principal
part
,
that
very
same
thing
is
proper
to
blood
.
For
blood
,
as
it
is
a
Natural
body
,
being
an
Heterogeneous
,
or
Dissimilar
substance
,
is
compounded
of
those
parts
,
or
juyces
.
But
as
it
lives
,
and
it
the
chief
Animal
part
,
compounded
of
a
body
and
soul
.
But
when
that
soul
,
by
reason
of
the
expiration
of
the
native
heat
,
doth
vanish
,
and
its
native
substance
is
presently
corrupted
,
and
is
dissolved
into
those
parts
,
of
which
it
was
formerly
made
:
namely
,
first
into
a
Watry
Blood
,
next
into
Red
,
and
White
parts
:
and
the
Red
parts
,
which
are
uppermost
,
are
most
florid
:
but
those
that
sinck
downwards
grow
dark
,
and
black
.
Now
some
of
the
parts
also
are
fibrous
,
and
thicker
,
as
being
the
tye
,
and
connexion
of
the
rest
;
others
are
ichorous
and
serous
,
upon
which
the
coagulated
lump
useth
to
float
.
And
into
this
Serum
almost
all
the
blood
degenerates
.
Now
these
parts
are
not
in
the
live
blood
,
but
onely
when
it
is
now
corrupted
and
dissolved
by
death
.
Besides
the
recited
parts
,
there
is
seen
in
hotter
and
stronger
Animals
,
as
in
Horses
,
Oxen
,
and
Men
also
of
a
more
lively
constitution
,
another
part
of
blood
,
which
when
the
blood
is
let
out
and
grumefieth
,
seating
it selfe
in
the
upper
part
of
the
redder
blood
,
doth
condense
,
and
plainly
resemble
a
Gelly
made
of
Harts-horn
,
or
kind
of
Mucilage
,
or
thicker
white
of
an
egge
.
The
vulgar
count
it
the
Phlegme
,
and
Aristotle
the
crude
and
unconcocted
part
of
the
blood
.
I
have
observed
this
part
,
to
differ
,
as
well
,
from
the
serous
,
(
upon
which
the
coagulated
gore
useth
to
swim
)
as
from
the
other
parts
,
as
likewise
from
the
Urine
,
which
is
dreined
by
the
Kidnies
from
the
blood
.
Nor
is
it
to
be
thought
the
cruder
and
colder
part
of
the
blood
,
but
the
more
spirital
,
as
I
suppose
,
and
that
by
two
experiments
;
First
,
because
it
swimmes
above
the
florid
and
brighter
part
of
the
blood
,
(
which
is
vulgarly
conceived
to
be
the
Arterial
blood
)
as
being
hotter
,
and
fuller
of
spirits
then
it
,
and
upon
the
disgregation
of
the
blood
,
obtaines
the
upper
place
.
Also
in
breathing
a
Veine
,
this
sort
of
blood
(
where
of
there
is
plenty
in
persons
of
a
hot
temperature
,
that
are
strong
and
fleshy
)
it
darts
it self
out
in
a
longer
stream
,
and
more
vehemency
(
as
if
it
spirted
out
of
a
Syringe
)
&
hereupon
we
count
it
hotter
,
and
more
spirital
:
as
that
geniture
is
counted
most
fertile
&
fraught
with
spirits
,
which
leaps
farthest
and
most
forcibly
.
And
that
this
gelly
doth
much
differ
from
that
ichorous
and
watry
substance
,
which
(
as
being
colder
then
the
rest
)
sinketh
down
to
the
bottom
of
the
sawcer
,
is
evident
for
two
reasons
:
for
the
watry
and
washy
part
is
more
crude
and
inconcocted
,
then
that
it
may
be
wrought
up
into
perfect
blood
.
But
the
gelly
,
which
is
thicker
and
more
fibrous
,
swimming
above
the
lump
of
blood
,
appeareth
more
concocted
and
elaborate
then
it
.
And
therefore
in
the
solution
or
partition
of
the
blood
,
this
gelly
keeps
aloof
,
the
whey
or
sanies
lowest
,
but
the
lump
and
red
parts
(
as
well
the
brighter
as
the
darker
)
possess
the
middle
region
.
Now
is
it
most
certain
,
that
not
onely
that
part
,
but
all
the
blood
,
nay
the
very
flesh
it self
(
as
may
be
observed
in
Bodyes
hanged
in
Chains
)
may
may
be
corrupted
into
ichorous
whey
.
As
being
resolved
into
that
substance
,
of
which
they
were
first
compounded
:
so
Salt
is
resolved
into
Lie
,
from
whence
it
first
sprung
.
So
likewise
in
every
Cachexie
,
the
blood
that
is
let
,
abounds
with
plenty
of
Serum
:
so
that
sometimes
there
scarce
appears
any
grumous
part
at
all
,
but
all
the
blood
seems
to
be
one
entire
washy
gore
;
as
we
finde
in
that
kinde
of
Dropsie
called
Anasarca
:
and
it
is
also
natural
in
creatures
that
are
bloodless
.
Likewise
,
if
you
breath
a
veine
immediately
after
you
have
eat
and
drank
,
(
before
the
second
concoction
be
finished
,
and
the
Serum
descended
through
the
Kidnies
)
or
upon
the
first
approach
of
a
fit
of
an
Ague
,
you
shall
finde
the
blood
to
be
washy
,
inconcocted
,
and
mingled
with
much
whey
.
But
on
the
contrary
,
if
upon
an
empty
Stomack
,
or
discharge
of
the
Urine
,
or
a
large
Sweat
,
you
open
a
Veine
,
you
shall
finde
the
blood
thick
(
as
being
quite
destitute
of
Serum
)
and
being
almost
all
condensed
into
a
lump
.
And
as
when
the
blood
growes
raw
and
crude
,
you
shall
perceive
but
very
litle
of
this
gelly
floating
a
top
.
So
if
you
poure
out
the
Serum
separated
from
the
lump
or
mass
,
and
let
it
simper
upon
a
gentle
fire
,
you
shall
soon
see
it
changed
into
this
gelly
:
which
is
a
manifest
signe
,
that
that
washy
or
serous
substance
,
which
is
now
divided
from
the
rest
of
the
blood
,
is
perhaps
some
matter
of
the
Urine
,
but
not
the
Urine
it self
,
though
in
colour
and
consistence
it
look
like
it
.
For
the
Urine
being
boyled
,
is
not
thickned
into
a
fibrous
Gelly
,
but
rather
into
a
Lie
:
but
this
washy
or
serous
part
being
a
while
gently
heated
,
condenseth
into
a
gelly
like
that
above
:
as
on
the
contrary
,
that
●u●ago
,
or
gelly
,
degenerating
into
more
crudity
by
corruption
,
is
dissolved
into
Serum
.
And
thus
farre
have
I
brought
this
part
of
the
blood
(
which
is
my
own
Observation
)
upon
the
Stage
;
of
which
(
and
the
other
parts
of
blood
,
which
are
apparent
to
sense
,
and
allowed
by
the
authority
of
Aristotle
,
and
Physitians
)
I
shall
more
copiously
discourse
hereafter
.
In
this
place
,
not
to
digress
farther
,
I
conceive
the
blood
to
be
taken
(
with
Aristotle
)
not
as
it
is
De
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
3.
simply
understood
,
and
called
Cruor
,
but
as
it
is
a
living
part
of
an
Animal
body
.
For
so
Aristotle
:
The
blood
is
hot
in
such
a
sense
,
as
if
we
could
call
hot
water
by
one
onely
word
,
and
not
as
a
subject
receiving
heat
into
it
.
For
heat
is
in
the
essence
of
the
blood
;
as
whiteness
,
in
a
white
man
.
But
when
blood
is
made
hot
by
any
distemper
,
or
passion
of
the
Minde
,
it
is
not
then
calidus
perse
,
hot
,
by
its
own
heat
.
And
thus
we
may
say
of
that
which
is
moist
,
or
dry
.
Wherefore
,
partly
a
hot
,
and
partly
a
moist
substance
is
in
the
nature
of
such
kinde
of
things
;
but
if
you
divide
them
,
they
then
grow
cold
,
and
congeale
;
and
such
is
blood
.
Blood
therefore
as
it
is
a
living
part
of
the
Body
,
is
of
a
doubtfull
nature
,
and
falls
under
a
two
fold
consideration
.
And
therefore
materialiter
&
per
se
,
it
is
called
nutriment
;
but
formaliter
,
as
it
is
endued
with
heat
,
and
spirits
,
(
which
are
the
immediate
instruments
of
the
Soul
)
and
with
the
Soul
it self
:
it
is
to
be
counted
the
Bodies
Genius
,
and
Conserver
,
the
Principal
,
Primogenit
,
and
Genital
part
.
And
as
a
Prolifical
egg
is
the
Matter
,
Instrument
,
and
Efficient
cause
of
the
Chicken
,
and
as
all
Physitians
count
the
geniture
of
both
Sexes
mingled
in
the
womb
after
coition
,
both
for
the
material
and
efficient
of
the
Foetus
;
so
,
upon
a
better
right
,
may
we
affirm
,
That
the
Blood
is
both
the
Matter
and
Preserver
of
the
Body
,
and
not
the
bare
Aliment
.
For
it
is
a
known
thing
in
Creatures
that
are
starved
by
hunger
,
and
Men
also
that
dye
of
Consumptions
,
that
a
great
quantity
of
blood
remains
in
their
Veins
even
after
death
.
And
also
Young
men
that
are
in
their
growth
,
and
Old
men
that
are
declining
,
have
a
proportionable
quantity
of
blood
;
namely
,
according
to
the
increase
,
or
diminution
of
their
Flesh
.
So
that
the
blood
is
a
part
,
and
not
the
nutriment
onely
of
the
Body
.
For
if
that
were
the
onely
use
of
it
,
no
man
would
be
starved
,
so
long
as
any
drop
of
the
blood
remains
in
the
veins
,
as
the
flame
of
a
Lamp
doth
not
expire
,
so
long
as
any
oyle
at
all
remains
to
support
it
.
But
while
I
affirm
the
soul
to
reside
first
,
and
principally
in
the
blood
,
I
would
not
have
any
man
hastily
to
conclude
from
hence
,
that
all
Blood-letting
is
dangerous
,
or
hurtfull
;
or
believe
with
the
Vulgar
,
that
as
much
of
blood
,
so
much
of
life
is
taken
away
,
because
Holy-writ
placeth
the
life
in
the
blood
.
For
dayly
experience
shewes
,
that
Letting
blood
is
a
safe
cure
for
several
Diseases
,
and
the
chiefest
of
Universal
Remedies
:
because
the
default
,
or
superfluity
of
the
blood
is
the
seminary
of
most
distempers
;
and
a
seasonable
evacuation
of
it
,
doth
often
rescue
men
from
most
desperate
maladies
,
and
Death
it self
.
For
look
how
much
blood
is
according
to
Art
taken
away
,
so
many
years
are
added
to
the
Age.
Nature
her self
was
our
Tutor
here
,
whom
Physitians
transcribe
:
for
She
,
of
her
own
accord
,
doth
many
times
vanquish
the
most
mortal
Infirmities
by
a
plentifull
and
critical
evacuation
,
either
at
the
Nose
,
Haemorrhoids
,
or
by
menstruous
Purgations
.
And
therefore
young
people
,
who
feed
high
,
and
live
idlely
,
unless
about
the
eighteenth
or
twentieth
yeare
of
their
age
(
at
which
time
the
stock
of
blood
encreases
,
together
with
the
bulk
of
their
bodies
)
they
be
disburdened
of
the
load
and
oppression
of
their
blood
,
either
by
a
spontaneous
release
at
the
Nose
,
or
Inferiour
parts
,
or
by
breathing
a
Vein
,
they
are
dangerously
set
upon
by
Feavers
,
Small-pox
,
Head-aches
,
and
other
more
grievous
Distempers
and
Symptomes
.
Alluding
to
which
,
the
Farriers
,
do
begin
almost
all
Cures
of
Beasts
with
Letting
blood
.
What
Observations
are
to
be
collected
from
the
Ramifications
of
the
Umbilical
veines
in
the
Egge
.
EXERCIT.
LIII
.
WE
see
the
Blood
is
made
in
the
Egge
and
Conception
before
any
thing
else
;
and
neere
upon
that
time
,
doe
its
Receptacles
,
that
is
,
the
Veines
,
and
Vesicula
pulsans
appear
.
And
therefore
if
we
admit
the
Punctum
saliens
,
together
with
the
blood
and
veines
,
as
one
and
the
same
Organical
part
,
visible
in
the
first
dawning
of
the
Foetus
,
to
stand
for
the
Heart
(
whose
Parenchyma
doth
afterwards
,
in
the
formation
of
the
Foetus
,
grow
to
the
Vesicula
;
)
it
is
clear
then
,
that
the
Heart
under
this
acceptation
(
namely
,
as
an
Organ
compounded
of
a
Parenchyma
,
Ventricles
,
Deaf-ears
,
Vessels
,
and
Blood
)
is
truly
(
according
to
Aristotles
owne
minde
)
the
principal
and
primary
part
of
the
body
:
and
yet
its
first
and
chief
part
is
blood
;
and
that
not
onely
in
order
of
Nature
,
but
of
Generation
too
.
The
parts
next
in
Generation
to
the
blood
,
are
the
Veines
:
for
the
blood
must
needs
be
kept
in
vessels
.
And
therefore
(
as
Aristotle
observed
)
there
are
found
two
venal
Channels
neer
upon
the
very
beginnings
of
all
,
which
do
afterwards
(
as
we
have
taught
in
our
History
)
constitute
the
Umbilical
vessels
.
From
their
Scituation
therefore
and
Ramification
,
some
things
come
to
be
observed
.
The
First
is
,
that
all
the
Veins
and
Arteries
arise
from
the
heart
;
for
they
are
as
so
many
retainers
belonging
to
the
Heart
,
or
as
certain
parts
of
it
.
If
therefore
you
diligently
observe
a
(
humane
or
any
other
)
foetus
new
born
,
and
cutting
in
sunder
the
Vena
Cava
between
the
right
Auricle
of
the
Heart
,
and
the
Diaphragma
,
if
you
mark
it
as
it
looks
downwards
,
you
shall
discover
three
Holes
,
whereof
the
greatest
and
hinde-most
tending
towards
the
Spine
of
the
back
,
is
the
Hole
of
the
descending
Vena
Cava
;
the
fore-most
,
and
lesser
,
is
carried
into
the
Root
and
Trunk
of
the
Umbilical
vessels
;
the
third
,
and
the
lest
of
all
,
passeth
into
the
Liver
,
and
is
the
Fountain
and
Trunk
of
all
the
branches
disseminated
into
the
Gibbous
part
of
the
Liver
.
By
which
it
is
evident
,
that
the
veins
do
not
(
as
some
would
have
it
)
proceed
from
the
Liver
,
as
from
their
Original
,
but
from
the
Heart
:
unless
they
will
obstinately
affirm
,
that
the
Trunk
and
body
of
a
vein
arises
from
some
litle
branch
of
the
vein
,
and
not
the
branches
from
the
Trunk
.
Moreover
,
since
the
fore-said
vessels
in
the
Egg
,
are
alike
disseminated
into
the
Yolk
and
White
(
after
the
manner
as
Plants
work
in
their
Roots
into
the
Ground
)
it
appears
,
that
both
their
liquours
are
the
nutriment
of
the
Foetus
,
and
that
that
nourishment
is
by
these
Vessels
conveyed
unto
it
:
and
that
against
Aristotle
,
who
every
where
affirmes
,
that
the
Chicken
assumes
nourishment
by
the
Navel
,
De
hist.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
3.
De
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
1.
&
3.
onely
from
the
Yolk
,
but
is
made
of
the
White
.
The
White
indeed
is
first
spent
,
and
the
Yolke
,
though
late
,
doth
yet
at
last
become
the
Nutriment
,
and
supplies
the
place
of
Milk
when
the
Chicken
is
now
hatcht
:
to
the
intent
,
that
Nature
might
afford
to
Oviparous
creatures
such
an
aliment
as
she
holds
out
to
Viviparous
by
the
Breasts
,
or
Udder
.
Hereupon
it
falls
out
,
that
when
all
the
White
is
exhausted
,
the
Yolk
continues
almost
entire
,
even
when
the
Chicken
is
consummate
,
and
complete
;
nay
,
even
after
his
Exclusion
.
Aristotle
,
indeed
,
ten
dayes
after
the
Chickens
exclusion
,
found
some
remainder
of
the
Yolk
in
the
Chicken
:
but
I
have
observed
even
after
six
weeks
time
,
some
part
of
it
fastned
to
the
Guts
in
the
Chickens
belly
.
Yet
upon
the
reception
of
the
Yolk
into
the
Abdomen
of
the
Chicken
,
(
which
while
the
Foetus
is
forming
,
and
growing
,
doth
not
abate
so
much
as
the
White
,
but
continues
almost
entire
,
when
both
the
Whites
are
now
quite
wasted
)
and
also
upon
the
Observation
at
the
Distribution
of
the
Veines
through
the
substance
of
the
Yolk
:
all
which
being
collected
into
one
Trunk
,
do
pass
into
the
Vena
Porta
,
and
do
carry
part
of
the
Yolk
thither
,
to
receive
a
further
concoction
in
the
Liver
;
upon
these
,
I
say
,
and
such
like
grounds
,
I
cannot
but
acknowledge
with
Aristotle
,
that
the
Yolk
doth
nourish
the
Chicken
,
and
hath
some
analogie
to
Milke
.
The
Yolk
doth
not
remain
entire
after
the
Consummation
of
the
Foetus
,
for
a
portion
of
it
is
dissolved
in
the
first
conformation
of
the
Chicken
;
and
it
likewise
doth
admit
the
propagations
of
the
Veines
(
as
well
as
the
White
)
by
which
after
it
is
now
prepared
,
it
becomes
the
Nutriment
of
the
Foetus
:
yet
certain
it
is
,
that
the
greatest
part
of
it
doth
survive
the
wasted
white
,
and
that
surviving
part
is
entertained
into
the
belly
of
the
Chicken
;
and
being
attracted
by
the
small
branches
of
the
Vena
Porta
,
is
at
last
conveyed
into
the
Liver
.
It
is
therefore
a
clear
case
,
that
the
Chicken
newly
hatched
,
(
while
it
is
yet
weak
and
tender
)
is
nourished
by
the
yolk
.
And
as
while
he
remained
within
the
Egge
,
he
was
partly
fed
by
the
yolke
,
and
partly
by
the
whites
,
but
chiefly
by
the
hospitality
of
the
whites
,
which
as
they
are
in
greater
quantity
,
so
are
they
sooner
exhausted
:
so
in
like
manner
,
when
he
is
now
hatched
,
(
at
which
time
all
his
aliment
passeth
through
his
Liver
,
and
there
receives
a
farther
preparation
)
he
is
nourished
partly
by
the
yolk
attracted
from
the
Guts
,
and
partly
by
the
Chyle
,
which
the
several
propagations
of
the
Meseraick
Veines
suck
into
themselves
;
when
there
is
in
the
yolk
onely
one
propagation
of
the
Vena
Porta
distributed
into
it
,
and
a
litle
onely
of
the
yolk
remaining
.
For
Nature
,
as
Nurses
,
being
about
to
wean
their
Infants
by
degrees
,
gives
them
other
meats
sometimes
,
that
so
they
may
the
better
endure
the
decay
of
the
milk
:
so
the
Chicken
is
trained
by
degrees
,
from
meat
of
easier
concoction
,
to
harder
(
as
from
the
Yolk
,
to
the
Chyle
.
)
Therefore
what
we
see
of
the
propagation
of
the
Veines
in
the
Egge
,
is
done
upon
exceeding
good
grounds
.
For
as
soon
as
the
Chicken
begins
first
to
be
modelled
,
the
Veines
are
then
extended
only
into
the
Colliquamentum
;
by
which
the
blood
being
fed
and
grown
,
adjoyns
the
rest
of
the
body
to
himself
,
to
be
brought
up
with
him
.
Afterwards
,
the
veines
reach
into
the
thinner
white
,
from
whence
the
Chicken
receiveth
his
sustenance
,
(
while
he
yet
resembleth
a
Gelly
,
or
Mucilage
,
and
a
Maggot
)
afterwards
they
spread
into
the
thicker
White
,
and
anon
into
the
Yolk
,
that
by
that
also
it
may
be
entertained
;
and
being
as
yet
but
tender
,
it
is
fed
in
part
by
the
yolk
(
as
by
milke
)
hoarded
up
in
the
abdomen
,
and
in
part
by
food
provided
and
prepared
by
the
Hen
,
till
it
be
able
to
seek
abroad
for
nourishment
convenient
,
and
can
digest
it
.
So
that
through
the
whole
series
of
Generation
,
Nature
hath
most
prudently
considered
of
various
Aliment
proportionable
to
the
various
abilities
of
the
Digestive
faculty
of
the
future
Foetus
.
For
while
it
is
yet
feeble
,
she
hath
provided
it
milder
diet
,
and
solider
meats
for
its
stronger
capacity
:
and
when
it
is
now
hearty
enough
,
and
can
away
with
courser
cates
,
it
is
served
with
commons
answerable
to
it
.
And
hereupon
I
conceive
,
that
perfect
eggs
are
not
onely
party-coloured
,
but
also
furnished
with
a
double
White
.
And
what
we
have
found
out
by
Experience
,
De
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
1.
seems
also
to
agree
with
Aristotles
opinion
,
where
he
saith
,
That
Part
of
it
which
is
hotter
,
comes
neerer
the
form
designed
to
the
institution
of
the
members
,
but
that
which
is
earthier
,
yeelds
matter
to
frame
the
body
,
and
is
more
unlike
.
As
in
party-coloured
eggs
,
the
animal
assumes
the
Rudiments
of
its
generation
from
the
White
,
(
for
the
animals
beginning
is
in
the
hot
part
)
and
its
aliment
from
the
yolk
.
Therefore
in
hotter
animals
,
those
two
are
reserved
apart
;
namely
,
that
from
whence
they
take
the
beginning
of
their
being
,
and
that
from
whence
they
derive
their
aliment
,
and
one
of
them
is
white
,
and
the
other
yellow
.
It
appeares
by
what
hath
been
said
,
that
the
Chicken
(
and
the
same
thing
shall
afterwards
be
demonstrated
of
all
conceptions
)
as
he
results
,
or
is
framed
from
the
implanted
principle
,
or
soul
of
the
egge
,
so
he
also
obtaines
his
nourishment
from
the
Egge
too
:
wherefore
he
hath
no
need
of
a
mother
,
as
the
Plants
have
of
the
Earth
.
And
it
is
no
truer
of
him
,
that
he
is
nourished
by
his
mothers
blood
,
or
lives
by
her
spirits
;
and
so
his
own
heart
lies
fallow
and
idle
the
while
,
then
that
he
moves
and
perceives
by
his
mothers
organs
,
or
is
enlivened
and
takes
growth
from
her
soul
.
But
the
case
is
plain
,
and
all
men
acknowledge
,
that
the
Foetus
is
fed
by
the
Umbilical
Vessels
;
and
that
the
Venal
branches
disseminated
into
the
White
and
Yolk
,
do
hence
derive
sustenance
,
which
they
impart
to
the
Foetus
.
It
is
likewise
clear
,
that
when
the
Chicken
is
now
hatcht
,
or
excluded
,
he
is
supplyed
with
provisions
,
partly
from
the
Yolk
,
and
partly
from
the
Chyle
;
and
that
they
both
pass
into
the
Liver
by
the
same
Vena
Porta
,
though
by
several
branches
of
it
.
It
is
also
clear
,
(
to
speak
by
the
way
)
that
the
Chyle
which
nourisheth
all
living
creatures
,
is
transported
by
the
Meseraick
Veins
out
of
the
Guts
;
and
that
there
is
no
need
to
search
out
new
wayes
(
namely
the
Venae
Lacteae
)
or
to
fansie
any
other
passage
in
grown
bodies
,
besides
what
we
finde
in
the
Egge
and
Chicken
.
But
as
for
the
Inconveniences
of
that
invention
,
we
shall
elsewhere
discover
them
.
Lastly
,
by
the
constitution
of
the
Umbilical
Vessels
in
the
Egge
,
(
whereof
we
have
declared
some
to
be
Veines
,
and
some
Arteries
)
we
may
tollect
a
Circulation
of
the
Blood
,
(
such
as
we
have
long
since
demonstrated
in
our
Book
,
de
Motu
Sanguin
is
in
Animalibus
)
and
that
for
vegetation
,
nutrition
,
and
augmentation
sake
:
and
therefore
the
Umbilical
Vessels
are
disseminated
into
both
the
Liquors
,
that
they
may
lead
sustenance
from
them
to
the
foetus
;
and
the
Arteries
are
derived
thither
too
,
that
by
a
plentifull
affluence
of
heat
they
may
concoct
,
dissolve
,
and
render
the
aliment
usefull
to
nutrition
.
And
hence
it
comes
to
pass
,
that
wheresoever
the
veines
(
and
under
that
name
the
Arteries
also
are
here
comprehended
)
do
arrive
to
the
substance
of
the
White
or
Yolk
,
those
parts
seem
to
be
dissolved
,
and
put
on
a
different
look
or
appearance
from
the
rest
.
For
so
soon
as
ever
the
branches
of
the
Veines
shoot
forth
,
the
superiour
or
exteriour
part
of
the
White
(
into
which
they
are
inserted
)
grows
transparent
,
and
melts
into
a
Colliquntion
;
but
the
inferiour
part
remaining
still
thick
,
and
compact
,
is
confined
to
the
Lower
angle
of
the
Egge
.
So
likewise
there
seem
to
be
two
parts
(
a
superiour
and
an
inferiour
)
of
the
Yolk
,
which
do
as
much
differ
from
one
another
,
as
melted
from
unmelted
wax
;
namely
,
that
part
which
hath
entertained
Veines
into
it
,
from
the
other
which
is
yet
destitute
.
Hence
also
we
are
acquainted
with
the
Exordium
,
and
first
inherent
principle
of
the
Egge
.
For
it
is
clear
,
that
the
Cicatricula
or
Speck
,
is
the
principal
particle
of
the
Egge
,
to
which
all
the
rest
are
to
be
referred
,
and
to
which
(
if
to
any
part
before
another
)
whatsoever
it
be
,
which
makes
the
Egge
prolifical
,
is
to
be
imputed
,
as
also
the
first
onset
towards
the
generation
of
the
Chicken
.
And
therefore
(
as
we
have
shewed
)
presently
after
the
Incubation
of
the
Hen
,
the
Cicatricula
is
first
of
all
dilated
,
enlarged
,
and
makes
a
Colliquation
;
wherein
forthwith
the
blood
moves
,
the
veines
are
scattered
,
and
the
operations
and
effects
of
the
native
heat
,
do
by
the
help
of
the
formative
Operatour
,
betray
themselves
;
and
by
how
much
the
deeper
the
small
Filaments
of
these
veines
do
take
rooting
,
by
so
much
the
wider
is
the
Empire
of
the
Vital
faculty
advanced
,
and
the
Majesty
of
the
Vegetal
Soul
revealed
.
For
indeed
every
Effect
is
a
cleare
testimony
of
its
Efficient
.
In
a
word
,
upon
the
Cicatricula
(
wherein
the
first
twy-light
of
native
heat
doth
dawn
)
the
whole
Generation
doth
depend
:
Upon
the
Heart
,
the
whole
Chicken
,
and
upon
the
Umbilical
Vessels
,
all
the
Membranes
involving
the
Foetus
(
which
we
call
the
Secundine
)
do
rely
.
Wherefore
we
conclude
,
that
the
parts
of
the
Foetus
are
in
subordination
one
to
the
other
,
and
do
first
borrow
life
from
the
Heart
.
Of
the
Order
of
parts
in
the
Generaration
out
of
an
Egge
,
according
to
Fabricius
.
EXERCITATION
LIV.
IT
being
now
resolved
,
which
is
to
be
esteemed
the
first
part
,
namely
the
Blood
,
with
its
Receptacles
,
the
Heart
,
Veins
,
and
Arteries
;
it
now
follows
,
that
we
discover
in
what
order
all
the
parts
of
the
Body
are
generated
.
Fabricius
(
whose
steps
we
trace
in
the
Generation
of
the
Pullus
)
ere
he
proceed
to
the
order
of
the
Parts
,
doth
first
recite
the
actions
discovered
in
an
Egge
,
and
by
whose
assistance
the
Parts
are
formed
;
repeating
also
in
order
their
Faculties
:
as
if
out
of
them
the
order
also
of
the
Generation
of
the
Parts
may
be
more
clearly
discovered
.
There
are
three
actions
,
saith
he
,
which
appear
first
in
an
Egge
upon
which
the
Hen
sits
:
the
first
is
,
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
;
the
second
,
its
Growth
;
the
third
,
its
Nutrition
.
The
first
,
that
is
,
the
Generation
,
is
the
proper
action
of
the
Egge
;
the
second
and
third
(
namely
accretion
and
nutrition
)
do
for
the
greatest
part
come
to
a
height
out
of
the
egge
;
yet
they
are
begun
in
the
egge
,
and
perfected
there
too
.
Which
actions
,
as
they
flow
from
three
faculties
,
(
the
Generative
,
Augmentative
,
&
Nutritive
)
so
three
Effects
do
ensue
upon
them
:
For
from
generation
do
all
the
parts
of
the
Chicken
result
;
from
accretion
and
nutrition
,
Growth
,
and
Increase
:
treating
first
of
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
,
we
may
discover
,
that
by
the
help
of
Generation
the
parts
of
the
Chicken
(
which
were
not
before
)
are
produced
,
and
so
the
Egge
is
transformed
into
the
body
of
the
Chicken
.
Now
while
any
part
doth
commigrate
into
another
,
it
must
needs
pass
through
a
commutation
of
its
own
proper
essence
;
(
for
otherwise
it
must
continue
the
same
thing
still
)
and
also
must
be
fashioned
into
a
figure
,
scite
,
and
magnitude
convenient
and
consistent
with
its
nature
:
and
in
these
two
things
is
the
Procreation
of
a
substance
absolved
,
namely
,
Commutation
,
and
Conformation
;
therefore
the
Immutative
and
Formative
faculties
,
are
the
causes
of
these
functions
:
Whereof
the
One
hath
produced
each
particular
part
of
the
body
,
just
as
we
see
it
,
out
of
the
Chalaza
of
the
Egge
;
the
Other
conferred
the
figure
,
scite
,
and
composition
convenient
for
all
the
several
uses
of
it
.
The
first
of
these
Faculties
,
which
is
the
Immutative
or
Alterative
faculty
,
is
wholly
natural
,
and
doth
act
without
any
knowledge
at
all
;
and
taking
to
it self
,
the
hot
,
the
cold
,
the
moist
,
and
the
dry
parts
,
it
alters
the
whole
subance
of
the
Chalaza
throughout
,
and
by
altering
,
it
doth
change
it
into
the
parts
of
the
Chicken
;
that
is
to
say
,
into
Flesh
,
Bones
,
Gristles
,
Ligaments
,
Veines
,
Arteries
,
Nerves
,
and
into
all
the
other
similar
and
simple
parts
of
the
Animal
,
or
Chicken
:
and
the
Cocks
seed
doth
by
its
proper
ingenit
heat
and
spirit
,
generate
,
create
,
and
produce
them
out
of
the
Egge
(
that
is
,
the
Chalaza
)
by
Alteration
and
Commutation
;
imparting
to
every
one
of
them
its
proper
substance
,
and
the
proprieties
belonging
to
that
substance
.
The
Other
faculty
which
is
called
Formative
,
and
which
makes
the
similar
parts
dissimilar
(
bestowing
their
beauty
upon
them
,
from
convenient
figure
,
just
dimension
,
proper
scite
,
and
competent
number
)
being
much
more
noble
then
the
former
,
and
full
of
incomparable
wisdom
,
doth
not
act
Naturally
,
but
by
Election
or
Choice
,
Knowledg
,
and
Understanding
.
For
truly
this
Formative
faculty
seems
to
be
stored
with
most
exact
knowledg
,
and
praevision
,
both
of
the
future
Action
,
and
also
of
the
Use
of
every
particular
Part
,
and
Organ
.
And
thus
of
the
first
Action
of
the
Egge
,
which
is
the
generation
of
the
Chicken
,
to
whose
celebration
,
both
the
seed
of
the
Cock
,
as
Agent
,
and
Fructifier
,
and
the
Chalaza
,
is
required
,
as
the
subject
Matter
.
Next
comes
Accretion
,
which
is
done
by
Nutrition
;
whose
Faculties
are
the
Attractive
,
the
Retentive
,
the
Digestive
,
and
Expulsive
faculties
:
and
lastly
,
the
Faculty
of
Apposition
,
Agglutination
,
and
Assimulation
.
But
as
for
this
distribution
of
the
Actions
,
I
conceive
it
neither
to
be
right
,
nor
useful
,
nor
pertinent
in
this
place
.
Not
Right
;
because
those
actions
,
which
he
seems
to
hold
to
be
distinct
,
in
their
species
,
and
time
;
namely
that
the
parts
should
be
first
made
similar
,
by
the
Immutative
faculty
;
after
that
,
formed
,
and
made
Organicall
by
the
formative
;
and
then
augmented
by
the
augmentative
)
do
no
where
appear
so
in
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
;
for
the
parts
are
all
generated
,
distinguished
,
and
augmented
together
.
For
though
it
be
otherwise
in
the
Generation
of
those
Animals
which
are
framed
by
a
Metamorphosis
;
where
all
the
parts
are
transformed
,
and
lineated
out
of
a
pre-existent
matter
,
which
is
large
enough
,
and
prepared
before
hand
,
(
as
when
out
of
a
Worme
is
made
a
Butterfly
,
and
out
of
another
Worme
a
Silk-Worme
)
yet
in
Generation
by
Epigenesis
,
the
business
is
much
otherwise
,
nor
is
the
proceeding
there
,
as
it
is
in
Nutrition
,
which
is
performed
by
the
divers
actions
of
diverse
parts
,
joining
their
confederate
forces
and
helps
together
:
namely
,
where
the
Aliment
is
first
attracted
and
retained
;
then
concocted
,
then
distributed
,
and
at
last
agglutinated
.
Nor
is
the
similar
constitution
produced
by
the
Alterative
faculty
,
without
all
kind
of
providence
(
as
Fabricius
would
have
it
)
And
the
Organical
,
by
the
Formative
,
which
imployes
knowledge
and
providence
in
her
undertakings
.
For
Generation
and
Accretion
,
are
not
made
without
Nutrition
,
nor
Nutrition
,
or
Augmentation
,
without
Generation
.
For
to
Nourish
,
is
to
substitute
into
the
place
of
that
which
is
lost
,
as
much
,
and
such
as
is
lost
:
namely
,
Flesh
,
or
Nerves
,
into
the
roome
of
that
Flesh
,
and
those
Nerves
,
which
are
impared
.
And
what
is
this
other
,
then
to
make
Flesh
,
or
Nerves
?
So
likewise
Accretion
is
not
without
Generation
:
For
all
Natural
bodies
,
are
Augmented
,
by
a
new
accession
of
those
parts
,
of
which
they
did
consist
before
:
and
that
according
to
all
dimensions
:
So
that
they
at
once
do
grow
,
are
distinguished
,
and
organized
together
,
And
now
,
to
Generate
a
Chicken
,
is
nothing
else
,
but
to
constitute
all
its
parts
,
members
and
organs
:
which
though
they
are
made
in
order
,
and
some
are
post-genit
,
or
later
productions
then
others
(
as
the
lesse
principal
parts
,
compared
with
the
more
principal
)
yet
while
the
organs
themselves
are
distinguished
,
their
generation
doth
not
proceed
in
such
order
,
that
the
similar
parts
must
be
first
made
,
and
the
organical
be
afterwards
compounded
out
of
them
:
as
if
the
compounding
parts
were
first
to
exist
,
and
then
the
Composition
to
be
raised
out
of
them
.
For
though
the
Head
of
the
Chicken
,
and
the
rest
of
its
Trunck
,
or
corporature
(
being
first
of
a
similar
constitution
)
do
resemble
a
Mucus
,
or
a
soft
glewey
substance
:
out
of
which
afterwards
all
the
parts
are
framed
in
their
order
:
yet
by
the
same
operation
,
and
the
same
Operatour
,
they
are
together
made
and
augmented
:
and
as
that
substance
resembling
glew
doth
grow
,
so
are
the
parts
distinguished
.
Namely
,
they
are
Generated
,
Altered
,
and
formed
at
once
:
they
are
at
once
similar
and
dissimilar
:
and
from
a
small
similar
,
is
a
great
organ
made
.
In
the
same
manner
as
out
of
the
straw
,
the
spike
,
reeds
,
and
graines
do
arise
,
and
are
distinguished
:
and
as
the
Trees
,
when
they
shoot
forth
their
young
buds
,
do
out
of
them
,
expand
and
produce
flowers
,
leaves
,
fruit
,
and
at
last
,
seed
.
And
this
we
have
learnt
out
of
those
things
which
are
conspicuous
in
an
egge
,
by
diligent
observation
of
them
.
For
by
the
effects
,
the
actions
,
or
operations
are
perceived
;
by
the
operations
,
the
faculties
,
and
by
them
,
the
Operatour
or
Efficient
.
Wherefore
in
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
,
the
actions
or
faculties
of
the
Generant
(
which
Fabricius
recites
;
namely
,
the
Immutative
and
Formative
)
do
not
differ
Specie
,
nor
yet
secundum
prius
&
posterius
,
but
(
as
Aristotle
useth
to
speak
)
ipso
esse
,
and
ratione
solum
:
not
as
it
befals
the
actions
of
the
nutritive
faculty
,
after
the
birth
,
(
to
wit
,
Attraction
,
Concoction
,
Distribution
,
and
Apposition
)
which
performe
their
duties
in
several
places
,
and
at
several
times
.
For
otherwise
the
Generative
faculty
her self
,
should
be
inforced
also
to
use
diverse
instruments
to
perform
her
several
operations
.
Wherefore
Fabricius
affirms
amisse
,
that
the
Immutative
Faculty
doth
operate
by
the
qualities
of
the
Elements
,
namely
,
Heat
,
Cold
,
Moisture
,
and
Dryness
:
(
as
being
its
instruments
)
but
that
the
formative
works
without
them
,
and
after
a
more
divine
manner
:
as
if
(
forsooth
)
she
did
finish
her
task
,
with
meditation
,
choise
,
and
providence
.
For
had
he
looked
deeper
into
the
thing
,
he
would
have
seen
,
that
the
Formative
,
as
well
as
the
Alterative
faculty
makes
use
of
hot
,
cold
,
moist
,
and
dry
,
(
as
her
instruments
)
&
would
have
deprehended
as
much
divinity
and
skill
,
in
Nutrition
and
Immutation
,
as
in
the
operations
of
the
Formative
faculty
her self
.
For
nature
hath
instituted
all
those
faculties
for
some
end
;
and
doth
every
where
work
with
providence
,
and
understanding
.
Whatsoever
it
is
which
makes
the
seed
of
Plants
fruitful
,
and
doth
exercise
a
plastick
virtue
in
it
:
and
that
which
in
an
egge
executes
the
office
of
a
most
skilful
Workeman
,
doth
produce
and
build
the
parts
,
and
by
Calefying
Refrigerating
,
Moistning
,
Drying
,
Concocting
,
Condensing
,
Hardning
,
Softning
,
Dissolving
,
both
Fashion
,
and
Augment
them
;
doth
also
distinguish
them
,
by
Figure
,
Scite
,
Constitution
,
Temperature
,
Number
,
and
Order
:
disposing
and
compleating
all
things
,
with
like
providence
,
election
,
and
understanding
,
(
no
lesse
in
the
alteration
,
then
nutrition
,
augmentation
,
and
formation
of
them
.
)
I
say
the
Concocting
,
and
Immutative
;
the
Nutritive
,
and
Augmenting
faculties
;
(
which
Fabricius
would
have
to
busie
themselves
onely
about
Hot
,
Cold
,
Moist
,
and
Dry
,
without
all
knowledge
)
do
operate
with
as
much
artifice
,
and
as
much
to
a
designed
end
,
as
the
Formative
faculty
:
which
he
affirms
,
to
possess
the
knowledge
and
fore-sight
of
the
future
action
,
and
use
of
every
particular
part
,
and
Organ
.
As
the
Art
of
Physick
,
the
Bakers
and
the
Cooks
slight
(
which
set
on
work
,
the
hot
,
cold
,
moist
,
and
dry
,
and
such
like
natural
Instruments
)
doe
no
less
require
the
exercise
of
reason
,
then
Mechanical
Trades
,
which
either
work
with
their
own
hand
,
(
as
the
Smith
,
the
Statuaries
,
and
the
Potters
)
or
other
artificial
instruments
.
But
as
in
the
greater
world
,
we
say
,
Jovis
omnia
plena
,
All
things
are
full
of
the
Deity
,
so
also
in
the
little
edifice
of
a
Chicken
,
and
all
its
actions
and
operations
,
Digitus
Dei
,
the
Finger
of
God
,
or
the
God
of
Nature
,
doth
reveal
himself
.
Therefore
if
it
be
lawful
for
us
to
judge
of
the
faculties
by
the
operations
;
the
Vegetal
Operations
do
rather
seem
to
be
executed
by
Art
,
Election
,
and
Providence
;
then
the
very
actions
of
the
Rational
soul
,
and
the
Mind
,
though
in
a
most
perfect
man
,
the
top
and
pinnacle
of
whose
Knowledge
and
Understanding
,
consists
chiefly
(
according
to
Apollos
verdit
)
in
this
,
ut
no
seat
se
ipsum
,
that
he
know
himself
.
A
more
sublime
,
and
diviner
Artificer
therefore
(
then
man
is
)
seems
to
make
and
preserve
man
:
and
a
nobler
Agent
then
a
Cock
,
doth
produce
a
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
.
For
we
acknowledge
our
Omnipotent
God
,
and
most
high
Creator
,
to
be
every
where
present
in
the
structure
of
all
creatures
living
;
and
to
point
himself
out
by
his
Workes
;
whose
Instruments
the
Cock
and
Hen
are
in
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
.
For
it
is
most
apparent
,
that
in
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
out
of
the
egge
,
all
things
are
set
up
and
formed
,
with
a
most
singular
providence
,
divine
wisdom
,
and
an
admirable
,
and
Incomprehensible
Artifice
.
Nor
can
these
Attributes
appertain
to
any
,
but
to
the
Omnipotent
Maker
of
all
things
,
under
what
name
soever
we
cloud
and
veil
him
:
whether
it
be
,
Mens
divina
,
the
divine
Mind
,
with
Aristotle
,
or
Anima
mundi
,
the
soul
of
the
Universe
,
with
Plato
;
or
with
others
,
Natura
Naturans
,
Nature
of
Nature
her self
;
or
else
Saturnus
,
or
Jupiter
,
with
the
Heathen
;
or
rather
,
as
befits
us
,
the
Creatour
,
and
Father
of
all
things
in
Heaven
,
and
Earth
:
upon
whom
all
Animals
,
and
their
births
depend
:
and
at
whose
Beck
,
or
Mandat
,
all
things
are
created
,
and
begotten
.
Moreover
(
as
I
have
observed
)
this
distribution
of
the
Actions
,
or
faculties
of
the
Soul
(
which
Fabricius
doth
premise
to
the
order
of
Generation
of
the
parts
)
as
I
apprehend
it
to
be
faulty
,
so
also
I
conceive
it
to
be
unprofitable
and
inconvenient
,
or
impertinent
to
our
business
.
For
we
doe
not
attain
to
the
knowledge
of
the
Effect
,
by
the
knowledge
of
the
actions
or
faculties
,
but
rather
on
the
contrary
,
from
the
Effects
we
ascend
to
the
Faculties
;
for
the
effects
or
workes
are
notiora
nobis
,
more
known
unto
us
,
then
the
faculties
from
whence
they
spring
:
and
the
parts
(
which
we
see
made
already
)
are
more
intelligible
in
Generation
,
then
the
actions
which
framed
them
.
Nor
do
those
things
which
are
to
be
considered
and
determined
in
the
general
observation
of
all
Animals
,
fall
properly
within
the
compass
of
the
particular
generation
of
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
.
But
of
them
more
hereafter
.
In
the
mean
time
,
we
shall
proceed
to
the
Order
of
the
Generation
of
the
parts
.
It
remaines
,
saith
Fabricius
,
that
we
consider
and
contemplate
in
what
Order
,
that
is
,
which
part
is
made
first
,
and
which
after
in
the
Egge
.
In
prosecution
whereof
there
are
two
foundations
to
be
laid
:
one
in
respect
of
the
body
:
the
other
in
relation
to
the
incorporeal
substance
,
as
,
the
Nature
or
Soul
.
I
call
that
(
saith
he
)
the
Corporeal
foundation
,
which
depends
upon
,
and
flowes
from
the
Nature
of
the
body
:
and
whereof
an
instance
is
easily
deduced
from
things
made
by
art
:
For
,
as
every
edifice
doth
first
require
a
foundation
,
upon
which
the
whole
frame
is
to
be
laid
and
supported
:
whence
the
walls
are
set
up
,
which
do
sustaine
the
Floors
and
Roofe
:
and
then
the
Houshold-stuff
,
and
other
furniture
are
introduced
;
so
doth
nature
proceed
in
the
Fabrick
of
Animals
.
For
first
she
laies
the
Bones
as
the
foundation
,
that
all
the
parts
of
the
Body
may
grow
to
,
hang
,
upon
,
and
be
established
by
them
.
Which
bones
are
first
made
under
another
capacity
.
For
since
Bones
take
their
first
rise
from
a
most
soft
and
membranous
substance
,
and
doe
afterwards
attaine
their
induration
;
therefore
much
time
must
be
allotted
to
the
Generation
of
the
Bones
,
that
so
they
may
become
the
hardest
parts
;
and
hereupon
they
are
begotten
first
.
And
for
this
reason
Galen
did
not
compare
the
structure
of
an
Animal
to
every
kind
of
building
,
but
chiefly
to
that
of
a
Ship
.
For
,
saith
he
,
as
the
foundation
and
original
of
the
Ship
is
the
Keel
,
from
which
the
sides
,
or
planks
imbowed
,
and
placed
at
a
distance
one
from
the
other
(
like
a
Hurdle
)
are
set
up
on
both
sides
,
that
so
the
whole
frame
of
the
Ship
may
be
afterwards
finished
out
of
the
Keel
,
as
a
convenient
foundation
;
So
in
the
fabrick
of
an
Animal
,
Nature
first
stretcheth
out
the
Chine
bone
,
with
the
Ribbes
drawn
round
it
,
as
the
Keel
,
and
congruous
principle
,
whereon
she
foundeth
and
finisheth
the
whole
Pile
.
But
Experience
doth
abundantly
confute
this
phansie
:
for
it
is
evident
,
that
the
Bones
are
rather
made
last
of
all
.
For
the
Bones
of
the
Limbs
,
the
Skull
and
Teeth
,
are
not
made
before
the
Brain
,
the
Muscles
,
and
fleshey
parts
;
but
even
after
the
nativity
,
in
the
tender
,
and
(
otherwise
)
perfect
foetus
,
they
are
onely
Gristles
,
and
Membranes
,
and
afterwards
in
tract
of
time
arrive
to
the
solidity
of
Bones
,
as
doth
appear
by
Infants
Skulls
,
and
the
Ribbes
and
Joints
of
Embryo's
.
And
though
it
be
true
,
that
the
first
platforme
of
the
body
appears
like
a
Bent
or
incurved
Keel
,
yet
is
it
of
a
soft
,
mucous
,
and
glutinous
consistence
,
no
way
resembling
either
the
Nature
,
Constitution
,
or
Office
of
a
Bone
.
As
also
the
small
Globous
bodies
which
are
its
appendixes
(
designed
for
the
parts
of
the
Head
)
have
no
solidity
at
all
in
them
,
but
are
onely
Vesicles
stuffed
with
clear
water
,
which
are
afterward
transformed
into
the
Braine
,
After-braine
,
and
Eyes
;
and
are
at
last
fenced
with
the
Skull
,
namely
,
after
the
Bill
,
and
Clawes
have
attained
solidity
,
and
obduration
.
Wherefore
this
Contemplation
of
Fabricius
is
a
sleepy
,
and
injurious
one
;
He
not
considering
what
really
is
done
by
nature
in
the
order
of
Generation
,
but
rather
what
nature
according
to
his
phansie
,
ought
to
have
done
;
as
if
Nature
did
imitate
Art
,
and
Art
were
not
rather
Natures
Ape
.
Which
comming
into
his
head
,
himself
afterwards
saith
,
Satius
fuerit
dicere
,
&c.
It
is
a
more
diliberate
assertion
to
say
,
that
Art
was
Natures
Scholar
,
and
wrought
by
her
Copy
:
because
as
Galen
every
where
pronounceth
,
Nature
is
of
more
Antiquity
,
and
wiser
in
her
productions
then
Art
.
And
though
the
bones
are
the
foundation
of
the
whole
body
,
without
which
it
can
nor
stand
nor
move
:
yet
it
is
sufficient
for
them
,
if
they
are
made
together
with
those
parts
,
which
do
rely
upon
them
.
For
where
the
things
which
are
to
be
upheld
are
not
in
being
,
the
Props
are
provided
to
no
purpose
.
But
nature
doth
nothing
rashly
;
nor
constitutes
parts
,
before
there
is
use
of
them
.
But
all
Animals
attaine
their
parts
,
so
soon
as
action
and
usefulness
is
required
of
them
.
And
therefore
this
first
foundation
of
Fabricius
his
laying
,
countenanced
by
his
own
observations
in
the
Egge
,
and
Galens
simile
,
is
clean
demolished
.
He
seems
to
come
neerer
the
Mark
,
when
hee
saith
,
The
other
foundation
of
producing
the
parts
in
order
,
is
desumed
from
Nature
,
that
is
,
the
soul
;
which
is
Queen
Regent
of
the
animal
body
.
For
since
there
are
two
degrees
of
the
soul
,
the
Vegetal
and
Sensative
;
and
the
Vegetal
is
,
tempore
&
naturâ
prior
,
first
both
in
time
and
nature
,
because
it
is
common
to
the
very
Plants
;
doubtless
the
Instruments
subservient
to
the
Vegetal
,
are
first
to
be
made
and
fitted
,
before
those
that
attend
the
sensitive
and
motive
faculties
:
especially
the
more
principal
ones
,
and
where
the
Queen
keeps
Court
.
Now
these
are
chiefly
two
,
the
Liver
,
and
the
Heart
:
the
Liver
as
the
throne
of
the
Vegetal
or
Nutritive
:
and
the
Heart
as
that
Minister
of
State
,
who
by
his
heat
and
warmth
,
doth
enliven
and
compleat
both
the
Vegetal
,
and
other
Faculties
,
and
therefore
holds
a
strong
league
and
confederacy
with
the
Vegetal
.
Wherefore
if
after
three
dayes
Incubation
,
you
discern
in
that
part
of
the
egge
where
the
Chicken
is
bred
,
the
heart
panting
,
(
as
Aristotle
also
testifieth
)
muse
not
at
it
,
but
conclude
that
the
heart
relates
to
the
vegetal
Faculty
,
and
is
therefore
the
first
begotten
.
Now
it
is
also
consonant
to
Reason
,
that
the
Liver
also
should
be
Twinne
to
the
Heart
,
and
born
with
it
,
but
doth
not
appear
,
because
he
wants
a
palpitation
,
which
the
Heart
hath
.
For
even
Aristotle
himself
saith
,
That
the
Liver
and
the
Heart
are
constituted
in
the
body
upon
like
grounds
;
so
that
if
there
be
a
Heart
,
there
must
be
a
Liver
too
.
If
therefore
the
Liver
and
Heart
are
first
begotten
,
it
also
followes
,
that
the
other
Organs
that
are
menial
servants
relating
to
these
two
,
should
be
begotten
together
with
them
;
as
,
the
Lungs
for
the
Heart
;
and
for
the
Liver
,
almost
all
the
parts
which
are
contained
in
the
Lower
Belly
.
But
all
this
is
very
wide
from
that
order
and
progress
which
we
see
in
the
Egge
.
Nor
is
it
true
,
that
the
Liver
is
born
together
with
the
Heart
:
nor
will
that
shift
serve
his
turn
,
where
he
pretends
,
Latere
Jecur
,
quia
non
palpitat
,
that
the
Liver
lyeth
concealed
,
because
it
is
not
exposed
by
palpitation
.
For
the
Eyes
,
the
Vena
Cava
,
and
the
Carina
,
the
Keel
,
are
discerned
even
from
the
very
first
,
yet
have
they
no
palpitation
.
What
impediment
then
to
barre
the
Liver
and
Lungs
(
if
they
are
then
in
being
)
from
being
seen
?
Nay
,
he
himself
,
in
his
Figure
or
Table
,
representing
the
fourth
day
,
hath
described
a
small
Point
in
the
midst
,
and
yet
he
hath
not
signified
any
palpitation
belonging
to
it
;
nor
did
he
own
it
for
the
Heart
,
but
supposed
it
to
be
the
first
rudiment
of
the
body
:
wherefore
he
speaks
onely
out
of
conjecture
,
and
preentertained
opinion
,
when
he
proclaims
the
Principality
of
the
Liver
:
as
other
men
have
also
done
,
(
namely
,
Aldrovandus
,
and
Parisanus
)
who
casually
lighting
upon
two
Points
,
and
could
not
discover
a
Pulse
in
both
,
at
one
and
the
same
time
,
conceived
the
one
to
be
the
Heart
,
and
the
other
the
Liver
.
As
if
the
Liver
had
any
pulse
at
all
;
but
those
two
Points
are
the
two
Vesiculae
Pulsantes
,
returning
answer
to
each
other
in
alternate
contractions
;
as
hath
been
noted
in
our
History
.
Wherefore
,
either
Fabricius
is
deceived
,
or
doth
deceive
,
where
he
saith
,
Presently
in
the
first
progress
of
generation
,
the
Liver
,
Heart
,
Veines
,
Arteries
,
Lungs
,
and
all
the
parts
contained
in
the
lower
belly
;
likewise
the
Keel
,
that
is
,
the
Head
,
with
the
Eyes
,
and
the
whole
Spine
and
Chest
,
are
born
and
framed
.
For
the
Heart
,
Veins
,
and
Arteries
,
are
perfectly
distinguished
,
for
some
time
,
before
the
Keel
;
and
the
Carina
,
or
Keel
,
before
the
Eyes
;
and
the
Eyes
,
the
Bill
,
and
Sides
,
before
the
Members
contained
in
the
lower
belly
:
and
also
the
Stomack
,
and
Guts
,
before
the
Liver
,
or
Lungs
,
are
discerned
.
And
that
order
is
observed
in
generation
,
which
we
shall
presently
describe
.
He
is
likewise
deceived
,
when
he
decrees
the
Vegetal
part
to
have
a
being
both
in
time
and
nature
before
the
sensitive
and
the
motive
.
For
that
which
is
first
in
Nature
,
is
for
the
most
part
after
,
in
the
order
of
Generation
.
In
time
,
indeed
,
the
Vegetal
part
is
before
,
because
the
sensitive
soule
cannot
be
without
it
.
For
it
cannot
actually
exist
in
the
body
without
Organs
,
it
being
Actus
corporis
Organici
,
the
Act
of
the
Organical
body
:
but
the
sensitive
and
motive
Organs
,
are
the
workmanship
of
the
vegetative
;
and
the
sensitive
soul
(
before
it
actually
exist
)
is
tanquam
Trigonus
in
Tetragono
,
like
a
Triangle
in
a
Quadrangle
.
But
Nature
first
intends
that
which
is
most
principal
and
noble
;
and
therefore
the
Vegetal
faculty
is
after
in
the
order
of
Nature
,
as
being
subservient
to
the
sensitive
,
and
motive
Faculty
.
Of
the
Order
of
Parts
in
Generation
,
according
to
Aristotle
.
EXER
.
LV.
THat
which
relates
to
the
order
of
Generation
,
according
to
Aristotle
,
is
thus
:
When
the
Conception
De
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
4.
is
ordained
,
it
proceeds
as
Seeds
do
.
For
Seeds
also
have
a
first
Principle
in
themselves
;
which
being
first
contained
in
potentiâ
,
when
by
and
by
it
is
severed
,
it
sends
forth
a
bud
,
and
a
root
,
whereby
it
attracts
aliment
;
for
it
requires
growth
.
So
in
some
sort
in
a
conception
,
where
the
parts
are
all
in
potentiâ
,
the
Principle
is
chiefly
active
.
This
Principle
in
an
Egge
(
analogous
to
the
blossom
of
Plants
)
we
with
Fabricius
call
Macula
,
a
Speck
,
or
Cicatricula
,
a
small
Cicatrice
:
which
we
have
avouched
to
be
the
principal
particle
,
in
which
all
the
other
parts
are
in
potentiâ
,
&
whence
afterwards
they
arise
in
their
order
.
For
in
it
is
contained
that
thing
(
be
it
what
it
will
)
which
renders
the
Egge
prolifical
;
and
there
is
the
first
effect
of
the
vegetal
heat
,
and
operation
of
the
Forming
faculty
first
discovered
.
Macula
isthaec
,
that
Speck
(
as
hath
been
shewed
)
is
presently
dilated
after
incubation
,
and
divided
into
Circles
;
in
whose
Center
a
small
white
Point
(
like
the
Cicatricula
,
in
the
ball
of
the
Eye
)
doth
display
it self
:
where
by
and
by
the
Punctum
rubrum
,
the
Red
point
,
is
discovered
panting
,
with
the
capillary
branches
of
Veines
containing
blood
;
and
that
presently
,
so
soon
as
ever
the
Colliquamentum
by
us
mentioned
,
is
framed
of
that
Macula
.
Wherefore
Aristotle
proceeds
;
The
Heart
is
first
actually
discerned
;
and
that
not
onely
discoverable
to
sense
,
but
according
to
reason
.
For
since
that
which
is
begotten
is
now
disjoyned
from
both
parents
,
it
ought
to
demean
,
govern
,
and
dispose
of
it self
,
as
a
Son
set
free
by
his
Father
,
and
seated
apart
.
And
therefore
a
Principle
,
and
that
an
Intrinsecal
one
,
must
needs
be
had
,
by
which
afterwards
the
order
of
the
Parts
is
to
be
prescribed
,
and
all
things
relating
to
the
complement
of
the
Animal
,
managed
,
and
disposed
.
For
if
it
were
Extrinsecal
at
any
time
,
and
afterwards
began
to
enter
in
,
you
would
not
only
be
in
suspense
,
and
question
when
it
went
in
,
but
conclude
,
that
since
each
part
is
distinguished
,
it
was
necessary
that
part
should
subsist
,
out
of
which
both
growth
and
motion
is
conferred
upon
the
other
parts
.
In
another
place
he
saith
,
The
first
Principle
is
a
part
of
the
whole
,
and
not
any
separate
thing
,
which
is
contained
apart
from
it
.
For
,
saith
he
,
when
the
Animal
is
now
generated
,
is
that
Principle
corrupted
,
or
doth
it
remain
?
Now
nothing
seems
to
be
in
,
which
is
not
a
part
of
the
whole
,
be
it
Plant
,
or
Animal
.
And
that
it
should
be
corrupted
,
when
it
hath
been
at
the
expence
of
making
all
,
or
some
of
the
parts
,
is
very
absurd
;
for
what
shall
make
the
remainder
?
Wherefore
(
he
proceeds
)
who
side
with
Democritus
,
saying
,
That
the
exteriour
parts
of
the
Animal
are
first
made
,
and
then
the
interiour
:
as
if
they
were
to
build
a
wodden
or
stony
Animal
,
do
not
say
well
;
for
such
a
creature
as
that
hath
no
Principle
in
it self
.
But
all
Animals
have
,
and
contain
one
within
them
.
Whereupon
the
Heart
is
first
seen
in
all
Animals
,
in
which
there
is
blood
;
for
that
is
the
Principle
of
the
similar
,
and
dissimilar
parts
.
Now
that
thing
which
requires
Aliment
,
ought
already
to
have
received
that
principle
of
an
Animal
,
and
constituted
Foetus
.
Which
words
do
plainly
declare
,
that
Aristotle
did
conclude
of
an
Order
in
the
Generation
of
Animals
,
and
of
a
Principal
part
,
namely
,
the
Heart
,
which
(
like
a
Son
at
liberty
)
is
the
first
animate
,
and
primogenit
part
of
the
Animal
,
contained
,
and
abiding
in
it
:
whence
not
onely
the
method
of
the
parts
is
set
down
,
but
the
Animal
it self
,
preserved
,
and
relyes
upon
it
,
receiving
continual
life
and
sustenance
;
and
that
thence
,
whatsoever
is
necessary
to
the
perfection
of
the
Animal
,
is
derived
.
For
,
(
as
Seneca
saith
)
in
the
Seed
is
the
whole
Nat.
quest.
l.
3.
c.
19.
accompt
of
the
future
Man
comprehended
.
And
the
Infant
yet
unborn
hath
a
Standard
and
Commission
for
a
Beard
,
and
a
Gray-head
.
For
the
dimension
of
his
body
,
and
ensuing
yeares
,
are
already
deciphered
in
a
small
,
mysterious
character
.
Now
whether
the
Heart
be
the
Primigenial
part
,
or
no
,
we
have
determined
above
.
To
wit
,
if
Aristotles
speech
be
understood
of
that
part
,
which
(
in
the
Anatomy
of
Living
creatures
)
is
seen
by
the
eye
to
be
before
the
rest
,
(
that
is
,
of
the
Punctum
saliens
,
together
with
the
Veines
streaming
with
blood
)
we
cheerfully
embrace
his
judgement
.
For
we
believe
,
that
the
Blood
,
together
with
the
Vessels
,
and
Instruments
;
namely
,
the
Umbilical
Veines
,
(
by
which
,
as
by
Roots
,
the
Nutriment
is
attracted
)
and
Vesiculae
pulsantes
(
to
whom
it
is
distributed
for
the
life
and
growth
of
the
parts
)
is
constituted
before
any
other
.
For
(
as
Aristotle
saith
)
the
matter
by
which
any
thing
is
augmented
,
and
out
of
which
it
is
first
made
,
is
one
and
the
same
.
But
they
are
much
abused
,
who
conceive
,
that
the
diverse
parts
of
the
Body
are
sustained
with
a
diverse
aliment
.
As
though
Nutrition
were
nothing
but
a
bare
choice
,
and
attraction
of
aliment
:
and
that
no
concoction
,
assimilation
,
apposition
,
and
transmutation
,
were
required
of
the
particular
parts
which
are
to
be
nourished
:
which
was
the
opinion
of
Anaxagoras
of
old
.
Lucret.
l.
1.
Principium
Rerum
qui
dixit
Homoeomeriam
;
Ossa
videlicet
è
pauxillis
atque
minutis
Ossibus
;
sic
&
de
pauxillis
atque
minutis
Visceribus
,
Viscus
gigni
:
sanguenque
creari
,
Sanguinis
inter
se
multis
coeuntibu'
guttis
.
Who
said
,
that
Things
from
their
Likeparts
begin
;
That
Bones
from
less
,
and
fewer
Bones
do
spring
;
And
Intrals
rise
from
Intrals
,
Blood
from
Blood
,
Where
the
Confederate
drops
make
up
the
Flood
.
But
Aristotle
most
truly
saith
:
Distinction
of
parts
is
not
,
as
some
suppose
,
upon
that
ground
,
that
Like
is
of
its
own
nature
tending
to
its
Like
:
for
besides
many
other
difficulties
which
beset
that
opinion
,
it
will
follow
,
that
every
similar
part
must
be
ordained
apart
by
it self
:
as
for
instance
;
Bones
by
themselves
,
Nerves
,
and
Flesh
by
themselves
,
in
case
that
opinion
be
admitted
.
But
,
indeed
,
the
Nutriment
of
all
parts
is
common
and
similar
,
as
the
Yolk
in
the
Egge
;
and
not
heterogeneous
,
and
compounded
of
diverse
parts
.
And
therefore
what
we
have
said
concerning
the
matter
out
of
which
the
Parts
are
made
:
we
pronounce
the
same
of
the
matter
out
of
which
they
are
augmented
;
namely
,
that
the
parts
do
assume
their
Nourishment
out
of
that
matter
,
in
which
all
the
Parts
are
in
potentiâ
,
but
none
actu
.
As
out
of
the
same
Showre
all
kinds
of
Plants
take
growth
,
because
that
moisture
,
which
was
before
like
in
potentiâ
to
them
all
,
is
now
made
like
them
actu
,
being
transformed
into
their
substance
;
And
is
also
bitter
in
Rue
,
sharp
in
the
Mustard
,
and
sweet
in
Licorise
;
and
so
in
the
rest
.
He
goes
on
,
to
explain
what
Parts
are
generated
before
others
;
and
that
with
a
reason
not
much
unlike
Fabricius
his
Fundamentum
secundum
,
his
second
ground
or
foundation
,
saying
,
Id
cujus
causâ
,
&
quod
ejus
causâ
,
differunt
;
&
alterum
generatione
,
alterum
essentiâ
prius
est
;
namely
,
the
End
is
first
in
Nature
and
Essence
,
in
respect
of
that
thing
which
is
made
for
the
Ends
sake
;
but
That
which
is
made
for
the
Ends
sake
,
must
needs
be
first
in
Generation
.
And
by
that
Argument
Fabricius
rightly
inferrs
,
that
those
Parts
which
are
subservient
to
the
Vegetative
soul
,
are
all
made
before
those
which
are
instrumental
to
the
sensative
,
because
that
is
subordinate
to
this
.
After
this
,
he
subjoines
the
differences
of
such
things
as
are
made
for
any
End
;
namely
,
that
some
things
are
instituted
for
some
End
by
nature
,
because
the
End
doth
ensue
upon
them
:
but
some
,
because
they
are
Instruments
which
the
End
makes
use
of
:
and
those
he
calls
Genitalia
,
but
these
,
Instrumentalia
.
For
the
End
,
saith
he
,
in
some
things
is
after
,
and
in
some
,
before
those
things
which
are
their
causes
.
For
the
Generant
himself
,
and
that
which
he
imployes
in
Generation
,
must
needs
exist
before
that
which
is
generated
by
them
.
And
therefore
the
Parts
subservient
to
the
Vegetative
soul
,
are
before
those
which
are
retained
by
Sense
,
and
Motion
.
But
the
Parts
dedicated
to
Motion
and
the
Senses
,
are
after
the
sensitive
and
motive
Faculties
;
as
being
instrumental
,
and
made
use
of
by
the
sensitive
and
motive
Faculty
.
For
by
Natures
Law
,
no
Parts
or
Instruments
are
made
and
constituted
,
before
there
be
imployment
for
them
,
and
a
faculty
be
ready
at
hand
,
to
set
them
to
work
.
So
neither
the
Eye
,
nor
the
Instruments
of
Motion
are
set
up
,
till
the
Brain
is
built
,
or
the
faculty
be
already
provided
,
which
is
to
See
,
or
Move
.
In
like
manner
,
because
the
Vesiculae
pulsantes
do
(
as
Instruments
)
minister
to
the
motion
of
the
Blood
;
and
likewise
the
whole
Frame
and
Fabrick
of
the
Heart
(
as
we
have
evidenced
in
our
Book
de
Motu
Sanguinis
)
is
Instrumental
;
(
namely
,
that
the
Blood
may
be
continually
hurried
round
the
Body
in
a
Circle
)
the
Blood
seems
to
have
a
being
both
in
Order
of
Nature
and
Generation
before
the
Heart
;
which
he
imployes
as
an
Instrument
,
having
begotten
it
also
,
and
doth
persist
to
nourish
,
and
convey
heat
,
spirits
,
&
life
unto
it
by
the
Coronal
Artery
.
But
how
this
General
Rule
of
Aristotle
concerning
the
prae-ordering
of
the
Parts
,
doth
appear
to
be
true
by
Anatomical
Observation
,
we
shall
declare
hereafter
.
In
the
mean
time
,
we
will
enquire
,
after
what
manner
he
himself
doth
sufficiently
deduce
the
Causes
of
Priority
,
as
I
may
so
say
,
in
Generation
,
according
to
this
Rule
.
After
the
Principle
(
namely
the
Heart
)
are
the
Interiour
parts
begotten
,
before
the
exteriour
;
the
superiour
,
before
the
inferiour
:
for
the
inferiour
are
for
the
superiours
sakes
,
as
being
their
instrument
:
after
the
pattern
observed
in
Plants
,
which
shoot
forth
their
Roots
,
before
their
Branches
.
But
Nature
doth
not
use
that
method
in
Generation
;
nor
is
the
instance
alwayes
true
;
for
in
Beanes
,
Ciches
,
and
other
Pulse
,
also
in
Acornes
or
Mast
,
and
Corne
,
it
is
apparent
that
at
the
same
time
,
the
Stalk
shootes
upward
from
the
same
Bud
,
and
the
Roots
downward
.
Likewise
Onions
,
and
other
bulbous
plants
,
do
germinate
upwards
before
they
fix
downwards
.
But
he
adjoines
another
cause
of
this
order
;
to
wit
,
Nature
makes
nothing
superfluous
,
nor
nothing
in
vaine
,
whence
it
appears
,
that
nothing
is
made
by
her
,
either
before
or
after
another
,
otherwise
then
need
requires
.
Namely
,
those
parts
are
first
generated
,
whose
uses
and
functions
are
first
required
:
some
also
are
sooner
begun
,
because
they
call
for
more
time
to
perfect
them
,
that
so
they
may
be
ready
for
the
birth
,
together
with
others
that
are
forwarder
then
they
.
As
the
Cook
being
to
provide
a
feast
,
where
some
provisions
(
by
reason
of
their
solidity
)
aske
a
slower
fire
,
and
longer
time
to
prepare
them
,
he
laies
them
down
to
the
fire
first
:
but
to
those
that
are
sooner
dispatched
,
and
are
dressed
with
a
gentler
heat
,
he
applyeth
himselfe
last
:
and
such
also
as
are
to
be
served
up
in
the
first
course
,
he
makes
ready
first
,
but
those
in
the
second
,
last
.
So
likewise
nature
,
in
the
generation
of
Animals
,
is
late
ere
she
delineate
the
moist
,
soft
,
and
fleshey
parts
,
(
as
being
quickly
cooked
,
and
reduced
into
shape
)
but
for
the
hard
and
more
solid
(
as
the
bones
)
because
they
exact
a
large
Evaporation
,
and
Exsiccation
,
and
their
matter
continues
long
indigested
,
to
them
she
addresses
her selfe
first
of
all
.
For
in
the
Braine
also
,
saith
he
,
the
same
falls
out
,
namely
,
that
at
first
it
is
very
moist
,
and
great
in
quantity
:
but
anon
,
the
humidity
evaporating
,
and
being
concocted
,
it
growes
more
solid
,
and
so
the
quantity
of
the
Head
,
and
Eyes
,
do
abate
.
In
the
beginning
therefore
,
the
Head
seems
very
bigge
(
in
comparison
of
all
the
rest
of
the
body
,
which
it
much
exceeds
in
bulke
)
by
reason
of
the
Braine
:
and
the
eyes
very
large
,
by
reason
of
the
humour
conteined
in
them
.
But
yet
the
eyes
are
perfected
last
;
because
even
the
Braine
it selfe
is
long
ere
it
grow
to
a
consistence
.
For
it
is
long
ere
it
get
the
mastery
,
and
drein
the
water
,
and
especially
in
a
Man
.
For
the
Sinciput
is
last
confirmed
of
all
the
Bones
;
for
that
bone
is
yet
soft
,
even
when
the
Child
is
born
into
the
World
.
He
also
proceeds
to
another
reason
;
namely
,
that
the
parts
are
framed
of
different
materials
.
The
more
noble
parts
,
(
saith
he
)
and
those
that
participate
the
worthiest
principles
,
are
constituted
of
the
concocted
,
purest
,
and
chiefest
aliment
:
the
other
necessary
parts
,
made
for
their
sakes
,
are
fashioned
out
of
the
baser
matter
,
the
reliques
,
and
dregs
.
For
Nature
,
like
a
prudent
Master
of
a
Family
,
loseth
nothing
,
out
of
which
he
can
make
any
advantage
,
but
so
manages
the
matter
in
his
house
,
that
his
Children
may
fare
best
,
his
Servants
harder
then
they
,
and
the
scraps
or
refuse
thrown
to
the
Dogs
.
As
therefore
,
Incremento
jam
addito
,
mens
advena
facit
haec
,
that
is
,
(
as
I
interpret
it
)
a
prudent
man
grown
to
years
of
discretion
,
disposes
thus
of
his
Charge
;
So
in
the
framing
of
things
,
Nature
(
by
an
inbred
wisdome
and
prudence
)
formes
the
flesh
,
and
substance
of
the
instruments
of
sense
,
out
of
the
most
refined
matter
,
but
the
Bones
,
Nerves
,
Hair
,
Nailes
,
Hoofes
,
and
the
like
,
out
of
the
Dregs
,
(
that
is
the
refuse
,
remainders
,
or
fragments
)
And
therefore
these
are
made
last
,
when
nature
hath
now
good
store
of
course
materials
.
And
after
this
,
he
distinguisheth
of
two
sorts
of
Aliment
;
one
of
Nutrition
,
the
other
of
Augmentation
.
That
of
Nutrition
,
saith
he
,
doth
supply
a
being
to
the
whole
,
and
all
the
parts
,
that
of
augmentation
procureth
an
accession
to
the
magnitude
.
According
to
what
we
finde
in
the
Egge
;
where
the
White
(
as
the
more
refined
Aliment
)
relates
to
the
first
Nutrition
of
the
Chicken
;
the
Yolk
to
its
augmentation
.
And
the
thinner
White
(
as
hath
been
shewed
)
conduceth
to
the
formation
of
the
First
,
and
nobler
Parts
;
but
the
Courser
,
and
the
Yolk
,
to
the
augmentation
of
the
Nobler
,
and
formation
of
the
more
Ignoble
.
For
,
he
saith
,
the
Nerves
are
framed
as
the
Bones
,
out
of
the
seminal
and
nutritive
excrement
.
But
the
Nailes
,
Haire
,
Spurres
,
and
all
like
these
,
are
formed
out
of
augmentative
,
and
adventitious
meats
;
which
the
Foetus
both
receives
from
the
Mother
,
and
also
doth
provide
of
it selfe
.
And
after
this
he
at
last
gives
the
reason
,
why
Man
(
since
other
Animals
are
provided
with
their
Garments
,
and
Weapons
at
Natures
price
)
should
be
borne
naked
,
and
unarmed
;
namely
,
that
those
kind
of
parts
are
constituted
of
the
excrementitious
parts
,
and
reliques
,
but
the
materials
of
Men
are
purer
,
in
which
there
is
very
litle
terrene
,
or
crude
excrement
to
be
found
.
And
thus
far
have
we
made
use
of
Aristotle
,
concerning
the
Order
of
Generation
:
where
all
seems
to
be
bottomed
upon
one
foundation
;
namely
,
Natures
Perfection
;
which
in
all
her
Workmanship
,
hath
nothing
short
,
nor
nothing
superfluous
,
but
always
disposeth
matters
for
the
best
.
And
therefore
no
parts
had
been
precedent
or
subsequent
to
one
another
,
if
it
had
been
more
advantagious
to
have
formed
them
altogether
;
which
is
to
be
understood
of
Her
,
as
often
as
she
acts
freely
,
and
by
choice
.
For
sometimes
she
acts
otherwise
,
being
as
it
were
under
constraint
,
and
put
beside
her
purpose
;
which
happens
,
when
either
by
defect
of
matter
,
or
superfluity
thereof
,
or
by
the
default
of
her
instruments
,
or
some
outward
impediments
,
she
is
hindered
in
her
work
,
and
frustrated
of
her
aime
,
or
end
.
And
hence
it
comes
to
pass
sometimes
,
that
the
final
parts
are
generated
before
the
Instrumental
:
I
call
those
final
parts
,
which
employ
others
,
(
as
their
instruments
.
)
And
because
some
parts
are
Genital
parts
,
which
Nature
sets
to
work
about
the
Generation
of
other
parts
,
or
else
to
remove
some
Obstructions
in
her
proceedings
,
which
in
case
they
continue
,
the
Generation
may
be
retarded
:
and
others
are
under
another
capacity
:
therefore
it
comes
to
pass
,
that
according
to
the
disposition
of
the
matter
,
and
other
requisites
,
the
parts
are
diversly
made
some
after
other
,
and
some
of
them
are
in
hand
before
,
but
are
not
finished
till
afterwards
:
some
are
begun
and
finished
before
others
are
begun
,
and
others
are
as
soon
begun
as
their
fellows
,
but
finished
after
them
.
And
therefore
in
the
generation
of
some
Animals
,
the
same
order
is
not
always
observed
,
but
it
is
much
different
and
various
;
and
in
some
no
order
at
all
:
but
all
the
parts
are
begun
,
and
finished
at
a
heat
:
namely
by
a
Metamorphosis
,
as
we
shewed
.
And
lastly
,
hence
it
happens
that
the
Primogenit
part
is
such
,
that
in
it
is
concluded
both
the
Beginning
,
and
the
End
;
as
well
that
for
whose
sake
all
are
made
(
namely
the
soul
)
as
also
that
which
is
its
cause
in
chief
,
and
Genital
part
.
The
Heart
therefore
(
or
,
according
to
my
perswasion
,
the
Blood
)
is
the
first
throne
of
the
Soul
;
the
fountain
of
life
;
the
Vestal
fire
;
the
Genital
warmth
;
and
the
very
Calidum
Innatum
;
the
first
Efficient
of
all
his
ministring
parts
,
having
atcheived
the
soul
for
his
end
,
which
commands
them
all
as
her
leige-people
.
The
Heart
I
say
,
(
as
Aristotle
will
have
it
)
is
he
,
for
whose
sake
the
whole
Fabrick
and
Family
of
the
parts
are
provided
,
and
who
also
is
the
Fountain
,
and
Father
of
them
all
.
Of
the
Order
of
Parts
in
Generation
,
as
it
appears
by
our
Observations
.
EXER
.
LVI
.
THat
we
may
at
last
propose
our
own
opinion
of
the
Order
of
Parts
,
as
we
have
collected
it
out
of
several
Observations
of
our
own
;
we
intend
to
distinguish
the
whole
work
of
Generation
(
in
all
Animals
whatsoever
)
into
two
Fabricks
.
Whereof
the
first
is
that
of
the
Egge
;
namely
,
of
the
Conception
,
and
Seed
,
or
of
that
,
whatsoever
it
is
,
which
(
in
Spontaneous
productions
)
answereth
in
proportion
to
Seed
;
whether
we
understand
it
under
the
notion
of
Calidum
nativum
coeleste
in
humido
primigenio
,
the
Innate
celestial
substance
,
in
the
Primigenial
moist
,
with
Fernelius
,
or
with
Aristotle
,
of
Calor
Vitalis
in
humors
comprehensus
,
the
vital
heat
concluded
in
moisture
.
For
the
Conception
in
Viviparous
Animals
(
as
we
have
said
)
is
answerable
to
the
Seed
and
Fruit
of
Plants
;
as
also
the
Egge
,
in
Oviparous
;
in
Spontaneous
productions
,
the
Worme
,
or
some
Bulla
teeming
by
the
Vital
heat
of
the
conteined
moisture
.
In
all
which
the
same
thing
is
comprehended
,
which
may
truly
call
them
Seeds
;
namely
,
out
of
which
,
and
by
which
(
as
the
matter
,
and
Efficient
,
and
pre-existent
Organ
)
every
Animal
is
first
made
and
borne
.
The
Other
Fabrick
is
of
the
Foetus
,
born
out
of
the
Seed
,
or
Conception
.
For
the
Matter
,
and
the
Final
,
and
Efficient
causes
,
and
the
Instruments
necessary
to
the
worke
,
must
first
be
,
before
any
part
of
the
Production
can
begin
.
The
Fabrick
of
the
Egge
we
have
already
seen
:
but
that
of
the
Foetus
(
so
far
as
we
could
discover
out
of
dissections
)
is
perfected
(
especially
in
the
more
perfect
race
of
Animals
,
and
such
as
have
blood
)
chiefly
by
four
degrees
,
or
processions
:
which
according
to
the
several
times
of
generation
,
we
shall
reduce
into
as
many
Orders
;
demonstrating
withall
that
the
same
thing
which
is
discerned
in
the
Egge
,
is
alike
in
every
conception
and
seed
.
The
First
progress
is
of
the
Primogenit
,
and
Genital
part
,
namely
of
the
blood
,
with
its
receptacles
,
or
if
you
will
have
it
so
,
of
the
Heart
and
his
Veins
.
Now
this
part
is
first
begotten
,
chiefly
for
two
reasons
,
both
because
it
is
the
principal
part
,
which
makes
use
of
all
the
rest
,
as
its
Instruments
;
and
for
whose
sake
the
other
parts
seem
to
be
produced
:
as
also
,
because
it
is
the
Chiefe
Genital
part
,
the
Fountain
and
Author
of
the
rest
;
The
part
in
which
is
concluded
both
the
Beginning
and
End
of
Generation
;
the
same
being
Pater
&
Rex
,
Parent
,
and
Sovereign
.
In
the
Generation
of
these
Parts
,
(
which
is
determined
in
the
Egge
the
Fourth
day
)
though
I
could
not
observe
any
Order
;
because
all
its
particles
(
Blood
,
Veins
,
and
Vesicula
pulsans
)
appear
at
once
;
yet
I
believe
(
as
I
said
)
that
the
blood
is
in
it
,
before
the
Pulse
:
and
that
it
also
in
Natures
Law
,
is
before
it
receptacles
,
the
Veins
:
for
the
substance
and
structure
of
the
Heart
(
namely
the
one
with
its
Ventricles
and
Auricles
)
as
it
is
generated
long
after
with
the
other
Intrals
,
so
ought
it
to
be
registered
in
their
Classis
,
which
is
the
Third
.
In
this
structure
,
the
veines
are
conspicuous
before
the
Arteries
,
at
least
,
as
farre
as
we
could
observe
.
The
Second
Journal
,
which
sets
out
after
the
fourth
day
,
discovers
a
certain
Concrementum
,
or
coagulated
substance
,
which
I
call
Vermiculum
,
seu
Galbam
,
the
litle
Worm
,
or
Magot
;
(
for
it
seems
to
enjoy
the
life
and
obscure
motion
of
a
Galba
)
and
this
,
as
it
congeals
into
a
gelly
,
is
divided
into
two
parts
;
whereof
the
upper
and
the
larger
is
conglobated
,
and
distinguished
into
three
Vesicles
;
namely
,
that
of
the
Brain
,
After-brain
,
and
one
of
the
Eyes
:
but
the
lesser
,
carinam
referens
,
resembling
the
Keel
of
a
Ship
,
is
superinduced
upon
the
Vena
Cava
,
and
is
extended
according
to
its
length
.
In
the
structure
of
the
Head
,
the
Eyes
are
first
discerned
,
and
anon
a
white
spot
starts
up
for
the
Bill
,
and
the
filme
drying
about
,
it
becomes
protected
by
a
membrane
.
At
this
time
also
the
adumbration
,
or
rough
draft
of
the
rest
of
the
Body
seems
to
succeed
;
where
first
upon
the
Carina
the
sides
or
plancks
,
as
it
were
,
of
a
Boat
seem
to
arise
;
being
at
first
of
a
similar
consistence
,
but
afterwards
by
most
white
streaks
they
are
signified
to
be
the
lines
of
the
Ribs
.
After
this
,
the
members
of
Motion
,
namely
,
the
Wings
and
Legs
do
appear
:
and
at
last
the
Keel
,
and
Limbs
born
by
a
kinde
of
Superfoetation
,
are
distinguished
into
Muscles
,
Bones
,
and
Joints
.
Those
two
first
mishapen
materials
of
the
Head
and
Body
,
do
together
appear
,
and
are
together
distinguished
:
but
afterwards
,
when
they
tend
towards
growth
and
perfection
,
the
body
gets
the
start
,
and
is
much
sooner
grown
and
shaped
;
so
that
the
Head
which
did
at
first
out-strip
the
whole
body
beside
,
in
bulk
and
magnitude
,
is
now
very
much
short
of
it
.
And
this
is
likewise
natural
to
humane
productions
.
The
like
Disparity
is
between
the
Body
it selfe
&
the
Limbs
;
for
in
an
Infant
(
from
that
time
that
the
Embryo
exceeds
not
the
length
of
the
Nail
of
the
litle
Finger
,
till
he
be
encreased
to
the
stature
of
a
Frog
,
or
a
Mouse
)
his
Arms
are
so
short
,
that
if
you
stretch
out
his
fingers
over
his
breast
,
to
their
farthest
extent
,
they
will
not
be
able
to
touch
one
another
;
and
his
thighs
are
so
short
,
that
being
reflected
upon
his
Abdomen
,
they
will
hardly
reach
to
his
Navel
.
Nay
,
in
Children
lately
born
,
the
proportion
of
the
bulk
of
the
Body
is
a
pretty
deal
larger
then
that
of
the
Limbs
,
untill
they
are
able
to
stand
,
and
go
.
And
therefore
Infants
are
first
Dwarfs
,
and
crawle
like
beasts
,
&
attempt
to
move
on
,
though
upon
all
four
:
but
go
upright
they
cannot
,
till
the
prolixity
of
their
Legs
and
Thighs
exceed
the
longitude
of
the
rest
of
the
Body
.
And
hence
is
it
,
that
their
first
venture
to
foot
it
,
represents
them
a
prone
kinde
of
Cattell
,
which
can
scarce
exalt
themselves
to
the
erection
of
a
Cock.
And
therefore
amongst
grown
persons
,
the
long
slimme
Fellows
,
(
whose
Thighs
,
but
especially
their
Shanks
,
are
longer
then
ordinary
)
can
stand
,
walk
,
run
,
or
vault
longer
,
and
at
more
ease
,
then
square
,
and
well
trussed
men
.
In
this
second
Process
,
several
actions
of
the
Formative
faculty
pursuing
one
another
,
may
be
observed
;
(
as
in
the
Automata
,
or
engines
that
go
of
themselves
;
where
the
fore-going
wheel
sets
his
follower
upon
motion
too
)
and
all
the
parts
spring
from
the
same
gelly
,
and
similar
substance
.
Not
as
De
gen.
an
,
l.
2.
c.
4.
some
Natural
Philosophers
expound
it
,
who
say
,
that
Like
is
hurried
unto
its
like
:
but
we
must
say
,
That
the
parts
are
moved
not
by
changing
their
station
,
but
remaining
where
they
were
,
and
altering
in
softness
,
hardness
,
complexion
,
and
those
other
differences
of
similar
parts
;
being
now
made
those
things
Actu
,
which
they
were
before
in
Potentiâ
:
that
is
,
the
Limbs
,
the
Spine
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Body
,
are
altogether
formed
and
encreased
,
are
together
described
,
and
complexioned
:
also
the
Bones
,
Flesh
,
Nerves
,
and
Gristles
,
which
were
all
similar
at
first
in
the
same
members
,
and
of
one
kinde
of
substance
,
in
progress
of
Time
are
plainly
distinct
;
and
being
conjoined
,
make
up
Organical
Parts
,
by
whose
mutual
connexion
and
continuity
the
whole
body
is
compiled
.
So
in
the
Head
,
the
membrane
growing
every
where
light
,
the
Brain
arrives
to
its
consistence
,
the
Eyes
are
polished
out
of
a
fluid
instable
moisture
.
Nature
doth
feed
and
enlarge
all
the
Parts
,
out
of
the
self
same
Nutriment
,
whereof
the
first
did
frame
them
,
(
not
as
many
will
have
it
,
out
of
a
diverse
one
,
and
such
as
is
like
to
every
particle
)
namely
,
by
augmenting
her
same
gelly
,
or
worm
:
and
like
a
potter
,
first
she
divides
her
materials
,
and
she
allots
to
the
Trunk
,
the
Head
,
and
the
Limbs
,
every
one
their
share
or
cantlin
:
as
Painters
do
,
who
first
draw
the
Lineaments
,
and
then
lay
on
the
Colours
:
and
as
a
Ship
Carpenter
,
first
layes
the
Keel
for
a
foundation
,
and
then
sets
up
the
Ribs
,
and
Breast-bone
,
or
Deck
:
and
as
he
builds
a
boat
,
so
doth
Nature
the
Trunk
of
the
Body
,
and
hasp
on
the
Joints
.
And
in
her
work
,
she
begins
all
the
similary
part
out
of
the
same
Primitive
gelly
,
or
glutinous
mass
,
(
namely
,
the
Bones
,
Gristles
,
Flesh
,
Nerves
,
&c.
)
For
at
first
there
appears
nothing
of
the
Bones
,
but
a
kinde
of
filaments
,
or
threddy
fibres
;
which
afterwards
become
nervous
,
anon
Gristles
,
after
that
,
like
thorns
,
and
at
last
down
right
Bones
.
So
likewise
the
thicker
Membrane
investing
the
Brain
,
proceeds
first
to
be
gristly
,
and
afterwards
into
a
Skull
:
while
the
thin
Membrane
doth
improve
into
a
Coat
,
or
Pericranium
,
and
Flesh
.
And
in
the
same
Order
the
Flesh
,
and
Nerves
,
out
of
a
yeilding
gelly
,
do
concoct
and
strengthen
,
into
Muscles
,
Tendons
,
and
Ligaments
:
The
braine
,
and
after-braine
,
from
a
thin
Water
,
coagulate
into
a
Callous
Curd
;
for
the
braine
of
Infants
,
before
the
bones
of
the
Synciput
are
confirmed
,
appears
soft
and
fluid
,
and
hath
no
more
coherence
,
then
coagulated
Milk
.
The
third
Process
is
of
the
Intrals
;
whose
generation
is
discovered
in
the
Chicken
,
after
the
delineation
of
the
body
;
(
namely
about
the
sixth
or
seventh
day
)
and
neer
upon
the
same
time
,
they
all
appear
,
that
is
,
the
Liver
,
Lungs
,
Kidnies
,
the
Cone
of
the
Heart
and
its
ventricles
,
and
also
the
Guts
.
But
their
first
original
is
from
the
Veines
,
and
are
bred
growing
to
them
,
(
like
Wens
to
the
barke
of
Trees
)
and
at
first
they
appear
white
,
bloodless
,
and
like
a
gelly
;
and
so
continue
till
they
are
ripe
for
publick
imployment
.
The
Guts
with
the
Stomack
seem
at
first
like
white
threads
,
waved
or
contorted
,
extended
through
the
longitude
of
the
belly
:
and
together
with
them
the
Fabrick
of
the
Mouth
is
discovered
;
from
which
to
the
Fundament
in
a
continued
procession
,
the
top
is
united
and
linked
to
the
bottom
:
the
Genitals
also
are
about
this
time
visible
.
Yet
hitherto
the
Bowels
and
Guts
are
not
shut
up
within
the
hollow
of
the
body
,
but
being
fastned
as
it
were
to
the
Veines
hang
forth
:
and
thus
doth
even
the
Heart
himself
.
For
the
trunk
of
the
body
hitherto
resembles
a
Skiff
without
a
deck
,
or
a
House
without
a
roof
;
as
being
hitherto
no
way
covered
over
by
the
anteriour
parts
;
namely
,
the
Breast
,
and
Abdomen
.
But
so
soon
as
the
Sternum
,
or
breast-bone
is
framed
,
the
Heart
enters
into
the
breast
,
as
into
a
habitation
of
his
own
setting
up
,
and
furnished
purposely
for
him
;
and
being
now
retired
,
like
the
Genius
of
the
place
,
he
undertakes
the
patronage
of
the
whole
Mansion
;
and
there
dwells
,
with
his
servants
the
Lungs
.
After
this
,
the
Heart
and
Stomack
retreat
too
;
&
at
last
the
Guts
shrowd
themselves
in
the
Belly
.
So
that
in
a
Hen-egge
after
the
tenth
day
of
Incubation
,
the
Heart
admits
no
spectators
without
dissection
.
About
this
time
the
top
of
the
Bill
,
and
the
Claws
break
forth
,
being
all
exceeding
white
;
and
now
a
chylous
matter
is
visible
in
the
Stomack
,
and
a
kind
of
Excrement
in
the
Guts
;
and
the
Liver
being
now
begun
hath
the
Gall
,
which
appears
green
adjoined
to
it
.
By
which
it
appears
,
that
a
different
Concoction
,
and
Preparation
of
the
Aliment
is
now
made
,
(
whereof
these
are
the
Excrements
,
from
that
which
is
performed
by
the
Propagations
of
the
Umbilical
Vessels
:
so
that
a
just
doubt
may
hence
arise
,
how
Choler
(
the
Excrement
of
the
Second
Concoction
)
can
be
separated
from
the
rest
of
the
Humours
by
the
Livers
help
,
when
it
is
it self
in
being
at
the
same
time
with
the
Liver
.
The
Interiour
parts
are
Universally
generated
,
after
the
Order
proposed
:
for
in
all
Animals
(
which
I
ever
diffected
)
they
are
framed
after
the
same
Manner
,
and
Order
:
and
especially
in
the
more
perfect
,
in
Four-footed
Beasts
,
and
so
in
Man
himself
;
In
whom
the
Heart
,
Liver
,
Lungs
,
Spleen
,
and
Guts
,
appear
framed
,
and
augmented
in
the
Second
,
Third
,
and
Fourth
Moneths
,
at
which
times
they
are
white
,
as
also
the
whole
Body
.
And
hereupon
the
first
days
are
not
improperly
called
in
lacte
dies
,
the
Dayes
in
the
Milk
;
for
the
Bowels
,
and
all
the
other
parts
appeare
spermatical
,
except
onely
the
Veines
,
and
chiefly
those
of
the
Navel
.
The
Umbilical
Arteries
are
,
I
conceive
,
framed
after
their
Name-sakes
,
the
Veines
;
because
they
are
scarce
to
be
found
in
the
first
moneths
,
and
take
their
Original
from
the
Branches
which
descend
to
the
Thighes
:
And
therefore
,
I
conceive
,
they
are
not
constituted
before
that
part
of
the
body
,
(
from
whence
they
are
derived
.
)
But
the
Umbilical
Veines
are
conspicuous
long
before
any
part
of
the
Body
is
in
hand
.
What
I
have
now
delivered
,
hath
been
ratified
out
of
many
dissections
of
humane
Embryo's
of
(
almost
)
all
sizes
:
for
I
have
observed
them
from
the
bigness
of
a
Tad-pole
,
till
they
became
of
the
longitude
of
seven
or
eight
fingers
breadth
,
and
so
upwards
to
the
Birth
.
And
especially
in
the
second
,
third
,
and
fourth
moneths
;
at
which
times
the
greatest
Alterations
befall
them
,
and
the
progress
of
Generation
is
most
evident
.
Therefore
,
in
a
humane
Embryo
of
two
moneths
old
,
those
very
things
which
we
have
related
in
the
second
Process
,
do
appear
begun
.
For
in
the
first
moneth
I
conceive
there
is
litle
or
nothing
of
the
foetus
extant
in
the
womb
;
at
least
I
never
found
any
thing
.
But
that
moneth
expiring
,
I
have
frequently
seen
a
conception
cast
out
(
like
to
that
which
Hippocrates
relates
to
have
fallen
from
the
Minstrell
)
of
the
bigness
of
a
Pheasants
,
or
Pigeons
egge
,
and
it
was
of
an
Oval
figure
,
just
like
an
Egg
with
the
Shell
pilled
off
;
but
the
thicker
membrane
(
called
Chorion
)
encompassing
it
,
was
plaistered
on
the
out
side
,
as
it
were
,
with
a
mucous
substance
,
(
especially
in
the
obtuser
end
)
but
within
it
was
slippery
,
being
full
of
clear
and
stiff
water
,
containing
nothing
else
at
all
.
In
the
second
moneth
,
I
have
often
seen
such
a
kinde
of
Egg
(
but
larger
)
ejected
upon
indications
of
Abortment
,
namely
the
Lochia
ichorosa
;
and
it
hath
been
sometimes
entire
,
and
sometimes
broken
,
covered
over
with
clotted
blood
.
Within
,
it
was
smooth
and
slippery
,
the
blood
adhering
without
,
and
its
form
was
like
the
other
.
In
some
of
these
ejectments
I
have
found
a
foetus
,
in
other
,
none
.
That
foetus
hath
been
of
the
length
of
the
nail
of
the
litle
finger
,
but
the
shape
was
like
a
litle
frog
,
save
onely
that
the
head
was
great
,
and
the
leggs
extremly
short
:
just
like
the
Tadpoles
in
June
,
which
when
their
limbs
begin
to
shoot
out
,
they
loose
their
tail
,
and
put
on
the
shape
of
Frogs
.
All
its
substance
was
white
,
and
so
soft
and
gellyish
,
that
unless
it
were
cast
into
clear
water
,
you
could
not
hold
it
in
your
hand
.
The
face
was
like
that
of
other
Animals
,
as
of
a
Dog
,
or
Cat
,
without
lips
,
and
a
wide
mouth
from
one
care
to
the
other
.
Divers
Women
,
whose
Conception
(
like
an
addle
Egge
)
is
fruitless
,
and
without
a
Foetus
,
do
suffer
abortion
the
third
moneth
.
I
have
often
dissected
an
abortion
of
that
age
(
being
of
the
bigness
of
a
Goose-egg
)
wherein
was
a
foetus
,
distinct
in
all
its
parts
;
though
their
form
was
rough
,
and
unshapen
,
The
Head
,
Eyes
,
and
Limbs
appeared
,
but
the
Muscles
were
confused
:
having
no
bones
,
but
in
their
places
,
certain
Lineaments
,
and
softer
Gristles
,
as
it
were
;
the
substance
of
the
Heart
was
most
white
,
having
two
Ventricles
of
equal
magnitude
and
thicknesse
,
and
a
double
Cone
,
like
two
small
Twin-kernels
of
a
Nut
;
the
Liver
was
wondrous
litle
,
and
also
white
.
All
this
time
,
namely
,
for
three
moneths
space
Vix
quicquam
Placentae
,
sive
hepatis
Uterini
,
scarce
any
thing
of
the
After-burden
is
to
be
seen
.
In
all
these
kinde
of
Conceptions
(
as
many
as
I
have
seen
)
I
still
found
the
ambient
membrane
fraught
with
a
vast
quantity
of
watry
substance
:
in
which
the
floating
Embryo
is
so
exceeding
small
,
compared
with
the
place
where
his
abode
is
,
and
hath
withall
so
long
and
winding
a
Navel
;
that
those
waters
ought
not
upon
any
tearms
to
bee
thought
the
sweat
,
or
Urine
of
the
Embryo
;
but
more
probably
,
his
nutriment
,
provided
by
nature
(
like
the
Colliquamentum
in
the
Egge
.
)
For
I
could
finde
no
indication
to
induce
me
to
believe
,
that
that
conception
,
or
Egge
had
any
connexion
to
the
Womb
:
onely
the
outward
superficies
of
the
obtuser
end
,
looked
something
more
wrinckled
and
thick
;
like
the
first
intention
of
a
future
placenta
.
Moreover
those
Conceptions
appeared
to
mee
,
like
certain
egges
,
which
were
onely
to
be
harboured
within
the
Womb
,
but
to
be
nourished
(
like
the
Henne-egge
)
by
their
owne
projection
,
or
industry
.
Now
in
the
fourth
moneth
,
you
would
admire
how
much
the
Foetus
is
improved
;
for
by
this
,
it
is
encreased
from
a
Thumb-length
to
a
Span
:
and
all
his
members
appear
distinct
,
and
have
a
tincture
of
Blood
;
the
Muscles
of
the
Limbs
,
and
the
Bones
are
now
apparent
;
and
also
the
Rudiments
of
the
Nailes
;
and
the
Embryo
begins
to
bestirre
himself
soundly
.
Yet
the
Head
is
still
very
bigge
;
and
the
Face
without
Lips
,
Cheeks
,
or
Nose
:
the
chasm
of
the
Mouth
is
very
large
,
whose
space
is
half
supplied
by
the
Tongue
;
the
Eyes
small
,
and
without
Lids
;
the
middle
part
of
the
Fore-head
,
and
all
the
upper-part
of
the
Head
is
covered
with
a
Membrane
,
which
is
not
as
yet
cartilaginous
,
so
far
is
it
from
being
Boney
:
but
the
hinder
part
of
the
Head
is
something
hard
,
and
Cartilaginous
,
implying
that
the
Skull
beginnes
to
grow
solid
.
The
Genitals
likewise
did
appear
,
but
the
Testicles
were
seated
within
the
Abdomen
(
where
in
females
the
Uterus
resideth
)
the
Scrotum
remaining
empty
.
The
Feminine
parts
were
imperfect
,
and
the
Uterus
with
its
litle
Tubuli
,
did
represent
formam
bicornem
,
the
two
horned
shape
of
the
Uterus
of
a
Lamb.
And
now
the
Placenta
was
enlarged
,
and
affixed
to
the
Womb
;
comprehending
almost
halfe
the
Conception
;
appearing
to
my
eye
like
a
Tumor
,
or
fleshey
excrescence
of
the
Womb
:
its
Gibbous
part
did
stick
so
fast
,
even
throughout
its
whole
extent
,
to
the
Womb
,
which
was
now
grown
thicker
.
Into
this
Placenta
the
litle
Umbilical
branches
(
like
slender
rootes
into
the
Earth
)
did
insinuate
themselves
:
and
by
its
mediation
the
Conception
was
now
first
tyed
to
the
Womb.
The
large
and
fluid
Braine
resembled
Cheese-Curd
,
and
was
embroidered
with
larger
Veines
.
The
two
Ventricles
of
the
Heart
,
both
of
the
same
magnitude
,
and
their
walls
equally
thick
.
In
the
Region
of
the
Breast
within
the
Ribs
,
I
saw
three
hollow
places
,
and
those
not
much
unlike
each
other
:
the
lowest
of
which
,
the
Lungs
having
Blood
in
them
,
and
of
like
complexion
with
the
Liver
and
Kidnies
,
did
inhabit
:
the
middle
was
possessed
by
the
Heart
and
Pericardium
:
but
the
upper
was
filled
with
that
large
Glandule
which
we
call
Thymus
,
the
Sweet-Bread
.
In
the
Stomack
was
Chyle
,
of
like
substance
to
that
in
which
the
Embryo
swims
:
There
was
also
a
coagulated
substance
which
was
white
,
like
to
those
white
curded
pollutions
which
the
Midwife
washeth
off
from
the
Infant
(
especially
from
the
foulds
of
the
Skin
)
so
soon
as
it
is
borne
.
In
the
superiour
Intestines
was
Excrement
,
or
some
part
of
the
Chyle
,
in
the
inferiour
a
litle
dark
excrement
.
In
the
Bladder
was
Urine
found
:
and
Gall
in
the
Vesicle
designed
for
its
reception
.
Intestinum
Cacum
,
the
blind
Gut
(
just
as
it
is
in
grown
persons
)
like
an
empty
superfluous
appendix
of
the
Colon
;
and
nothing
like
what
it
is
in
other
Animals
,
(
as
the
Hogge
,
the
Horse
,
and
the
Hare
)
in
which
it
is
like
a
Second
Stomack
.
The
Omentum
,
or
Kell
,
did
like
a
Caule
,
or
thin
transparent
cloud
,
lye
floating
upon
the
Guts
.
The
Reines
at
this
time
are
not
formed
into
a
gibbous
figure
,
as
it
is
when
men
are
grown
,
but
are
moulded
of
several
gobbets
(
as
you
see
in
a
Calfe
,
and
in
a
Sturgeon
)
as
if
to
every
sprig
or
divarication
of
the
Ureters
,
there
were
a
gobbet
or
Teat
,
out
of
which
their
Orifices
did
draine
the
Urine
.
Upon
the
Kidnies
there
are
the
two
Glandules
(
which
Eustachius
first
found
out
)
wherin
store
of
blood
lies
;
and
their
Vein
,
which
Anatomist
call
Adipose
,
seems
not
much
less
then
the
Emulgent
it self
.
The
Liver
,
and
Spleen
,
are
equally
full
of
blood
(
according
to
their
several
proportions
.
)
And
here
we
must
observe
by
the
way
,
that
in
every
Humane
Foetus
that
is
lively
and
well
,
perfect
Milk
is
found
;
wherewith
chiefly
the
Glandule
Thymus
,
or
the
Sweet-bread
is
stored
.
It
is
also
found
in
the
Pancreas
,
and
almost
all
along
the
Mesentery
,
in
certain
Venae
Lacteae
as
it
were
,
and
the
Glandules
placed
between
the
divarications
of
the
Meseraicke
Veins
.
Nay
sometimes
it
may
be
milked
out
at
the
breasts
of
New-borne
Infants
,
and
sometimes
also
it
starts
out
of
it self
:
which
some
Midwives
say
,
doth
make
for
the
Infants
Health
.
And
that
it
may
plainly
appear
,
that
the
water
(
which
is
so
plenteous
in
the
Conception
)
is
no
excrement
discharged
by
the
Embryo
,
as
either
his
Sweat
,
or
Urine
;
it
is
lesse
(
in
proportion
)
neer
the
birth
(
when
the
foetus
is
now
more
grown
,
and
upon
that
account
doth
accumulate
more
excrement
,
because
he
requires
more
nourishment
)
then
in
the
first
moneths
of
pregnation
.
And
moreover
,
at
that
time
his
bladder
is
full
,
and
distended
with
Urine
.
And
to
say
truth
,
that
passage
,
(
which
Anatomists
call
the
Urachus
)
which
should
(
as
they
phansie
)
convey
the
Urine
from
the
bladder
,
through
the
Navel
,
could
never
yet
be
found
out
:
but
I
have
often
seen
the
bladder
,
pressed
or
griped
with
the
hand
,
discharge
the
Urine
out
at
the
Yard
,
but
never
at
the
Urachus
.
And
let
this
suffice
,
concerning
what
we
have
observed
in
a
humane
Foetus
,
so
farre
forth
as
it
relates
to
the
knowledge
of
the
Order
of
the
Parts
.
In
the
Fourth
and
last
Process
,
the
parts
of
meaner
rank
and
condition
are
formed
:
such
as
do
not
simply
relate
to
the
very
being
,
and
preservation
of
the
Animal
,
but
onely
ad
tutelam
,
to
its
safe-guard
against
forreign
injuries
:
or
ad
ornatum
,
vel
pugnam
,
to
its
Ornament
,
or
for
Defence
.
For
that
kind
of
Safe-guard
or
Defence
,
the
utmost
part
(
namely
the
Skin
)
is
chiefly
constituted
,
and
all
that
proceeds
out
of
it
,
as
the
Scarfe-skin
,
the
Haire
,
Wool
,
Plumes
,
Scales
,
Shells
,
Clans
,
Hoofs
,
and
the
like
.
And
indeed
it
is
a
prudent
contrivance
of
Nature
(
who
never
makes
any
thing
indiscreetly
,
)
to
beget
those
parts
last
of
all
,
whereof
she
hath
no
use
till
after
nativity
.
And
therefore
the
Chicken
is
borne
with
down
onely
on
him
,
and
not
Feathers
(
as
other
Birds
are
,
who
are
presently
fitted
for
flight
)
because
by
wandring
to
and
fro
,
he
earns
his
sustenance
with
the
industry
of
his
Legs
,
rather
then
his
Wings
:
And
so
again
young
Ducklins
,
and
Goslins
,
who
prey
in
the
water
,
have
their
Plumes
,
and
Wings
later
perfected
then
their
Legs
:
which
is
clean
contrary
in
young
Swallows
,
which
,
because
they
are
to
fly
about
to
glean
up
a
living
,
are
sooner
versed
in
flight
,
then
walking
.
Now
the
Down
starts
up
in
the
Chicken
after
the
Fourteenth
day
,
when
the
Foetus
is
now
compleat
,
and
provided
with
all
his
parts
.
But
in
many
of
them
,
at
their
first
nativity
,
it
lookes
like
dark
spots
or
points
;
and
after
that
the
Feathers
sprout
up
like
Grasse
in
the
Field
,
and
at
last
expatiate
,
and
cloath
the
body
round
,
protecting
it
from
the
inclemency
of
the
Aire
.
The
Feathers
differ
from
Quills
,
in
form
,
use
,
and
place
of
Production
.
For
Chickens
are
Feathered
ere
they
have
Quills
:
for
Quills
spring
only
in
their
Wings
,
and
Rump
;
and
stick
deeper
in
the
bottome
of
the
flesh
,
or
the
very
Periostium
it self
,
and
are
useful
to
motion
:
but
the
Feathers
rise
out
of
the
superficies
of
the
Skinn
,
and
serve
for
protection
.
Nailes
,
Hair
,
Hornes
,
and
the
like
,
saith
Aristotle
,
De
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
4.
are
bred
out
of
the
Flesh
,
in
so
much
that
they
change
colour
with
the
Flesh
:
for
the
white
,
and
black
,
and
diverse
coloured
,
are
made
so
,
according
to
the
different
complexion
of
the
Skin
.
But
in
our
Chicken
,
all
this
is
clean
otherwise
,
for
what
various
colour
soever
the
Feathers
be
of
,
the
Skin
beneath
them
is
of
one
onely
.
And
many
times
one
and
the
same
Feather
is
diversly
painted
and
discoloured
,
for
the
pomp
and
beauty
of
the
Fowle
.
Likewise
in
the
Humane
Foetus
,
the
Cutis
and
all
the
skinny
parts
are
last
perfected
.
And
therefore
at
the
beginning
,
there
are
neither
Lips
,
nor
Cheeks
,
nor
Ears
,
nor
Eye-lids
,
nor
Nose
to
be
seen
:
and
that
line
wherby
the
upper-lip
is
united
into
one
,
doth
close
the
last
of
all
.
The
Humane
production
is
also
borne
naked
and
unarmed
;
as
one
whom
Nature
had
intended
for
a
sociable
,
political
,
and
peaceable
creature
:
and
to
be
ruled
more
by
reason
,
then
constrained
by
force
.
And
therefore
she
hath
furnished
him
with
Hands
,
and
Understanding
,
that
having
provided
properties
,
he
might
cloath
,
and
defend
himself
.
For
those
Animals
whom
Nature
hath
made
strong
,
she
hath
also
armed
with
weapons
agreeable
to
their
strength
:
but
where
she
hath
denied
strength
,
she
hath
bestowed
wit
,
and
cunning
,
and
an
admirable
dexterity
to
evade
affronts
.
The
Ornaments
,
as
the
Tuft
upon
the
Head
,
the
Comb
,
the
Gills
and
the
like
,
wherewith
the
haughty
Animals
swagger
,
are
for
the
most
part
imparted
to
the
male
,
more
then
the
female
:
as
also
all
weapons
too
,
as
Teeth
,
Hornes
,
and
Spurs
,
&c.
which
appoints
them
for
the
Battail
.
And
they
are
then
compleatest
in
the
male
,
about
that
time
when
the
female
is
in
her
prime
,
and
provoked
to
leave
an
Heir
behind
her
.
For
they
are
yet
to
come
in
the
younger
Animals
,
and
in
the
aged
they
wither
,
and
decline
(
as
uselesse
.
)
Our
Dunghil-Cock
(
that
famous
Champion
)
so
soon
as
he
is
strong
,
and
ripe
for
generation
,
is
provided
of
his
Spurs
,
Comb
,
and
Plumes
;
by
which
he
becomes
amiable
in
the
fight
of
his
Concubines
:
and
combats
other
Cocks
not
from
any
vaine
Itch
of
Ostentation
,
but
to
perpetuate
his
own
Linage
,
that
so
he
that
is
best
able
to
protect
himself
and
his
Charge
,
may
have
the
prerogative
to
propagate
the
Species
.
For
all
those
Animals
which
are
well
appointed
with
armes
,
and
more
Martial
creatures
then
the
rest
,
do
ground
their
quarrels
,
either
upon
the
Rescue
of
their
Young
,
or
their
title
to
their
habitations
,
or
their
husbandry
for
their
provisions
,
but
in
chief
,
upon
Rivalship
in
their
Loves
(
and
that
,
for
posterities
sake
)
and
being
subdued
,
as
they
lay
by
their
pomp
,
and
disdainful
demeanour
,
so
they
surrender
their
claim
to
their
Wives
;
and
with
dejected
spirits
languish
out
their
days
;
while
the
Victor
fleshed
with
the
conquest
,
riots
in
the
injoyment
of
the
Captives
Females
.
Nor
is
this
their
bravery
any
ascititious
Wardrobe
,
or
some
few
daies
Pageantry
,
or
Masquingstuff
,
but
a
lasting
one
,
and
Natures
liberal
Dowry
,
which
delights
not
onely
in
the
Embroidery
of
Animals
(
and
chiefly
of
Birds
)
but
hath
imploied
her
Pencil
upon
Flowers
,
and
Plants
,
adorning
them
with
wonderful
Art
and
variety
of
colours
.
Certain
Paradoxes
,
and
Problemes
to
be
considered
of
,
concerning
this
Subject
.
EXEECIT
.
LVII
.
THus
far
have
we
spoken
concerning
the
Order
of
Generation
:
by
which
the
difference
between
those
creatures
which
are
produced
by
a
Metamorphosis
,
and
those
which
are
borne
by
an
Epigenesis
,
hath
been
discovered
:
as
also
,
between
those
that
spring
from
a
Worme
,
and
those
that
arise
from
an
Egge
:
for
these
are
bodied
out
of
one
part
of
the
prepared
matter
,
and
fed
with
the
other
;
But
they
take
up
the
whole
matter
in
their
frame
,
or
Constitution
:
these
are
together
augmented
and
formed
;
they
are
augmented
first
,
and
from
a
Canker-Worme
grow
into
an
Aurelia
,
and
are
afterwards
formed
and
made
consummate
Animals
,
as
Butterflies
,
Silk-wormes
,
and
such
like
Animals
.
And
therefore
Aristotle
(
as
Fabricius
observes
)
as
he
constitutes
a
kind
of
twofold
nature
of
the
egge
,
and
a
kind
of
twofold
Egge
in
these
creatures
;
so
he
laies
down
a
twofold
action
,
and
a
twofold
Animal
produced
by
it
.
For
(
saith
he
)
out
of
the
first
egges
,
which
are
the
first
rudiments
of
the
Generation
,
a
Worm
constantly
doth
proceed
:
namely
,
out
of
the
Egges
of
Files
,
Ants
,
Bees
,
Silk-wormes
,
&c.
in
which
a
certain
fluid
matter
is
conteined
,
and
out
of
all
that
fluid
matter
is
the
Worme
made
.
But
out
of
the
second
Egges
,
which
are
layed
by
the
Worm
himselfe
,
the
Butterflie
is
born
,
and
proceeds
;
that
is
,
a
Volatile
Animal
,
which
is
concluded
in
a
kind
of
Shell
,
Skin
,
little
bag
,
or
egge
,
and
when
that
bag
is
broken
it
departs
thence
as
Aristotle
delivereth
concerning
the
Locusts
egges
.
Lastly
these
are
perfected
by
a
succession
of
parts
;
but
they
(
namely
,
such
as
are
generated
by
a
Metamorphosis
)
are
made
intire
at
once
.
And
in
the
same
manner
,
are
both
Spontaneous
productions
generated
,
which
obtain
their
first
matter
,
and
first
extraction
from
putrefaction
,
filth
,
dew
,
excrements
,
or
out
of
the
parts
of
Plants
,
or
Animals
;
as
also
those
issues
which
proceed
from
the
seed
of
Univocal
Animals
.
For
it
is
common
to
all
Animals
,
to
desume
their
Original
from
seed
,
or
an
egge
:
whether
that
seed
proceed
from
other
Animals
of
the
same
species
,
or
happen
there
casually
from
some
thing
else
.
For
as
it
sometimes
befalls
in
Art
,
so
also
in
Nature
;
namely
,
that
the
same
things
are
sometimes
casuall
,
which
at
other
times
are
effected
by
Art
:
as
Aristotle
doth
instance
in
Health
,
so
in
like
manner
is
the
Generation
of
any
Animals
;
(
as
far
as
they
proceed
from
Seed
)
whether
their
seed
be
casuall
,
or
else
proceed
from
an
Univocal
Agent
of
the
same
kind
.
For
even
in
casuall
seed
,
there
is
a
motive
principle
of
Generation
,
which
can
generate
out
of
it self
,
and
by
it self
:
and
the
same
thing
is
found
in
it
,
as
in
Univocal
Animals
;
namely
,
a
power
to
form
a
living
creature
.
But
of
this
more
at
large
hereafter
.
Now
some
Paradoxes
do
here
arise
to
be
examined
.
For
since
the
Macula
is
dilated
,
the
Colliquamentum
concocted
,
and
prepared
,
and
many
other
things
(
not
without
great
providence
)
ordered
,
towards
the
formation
,
and
growth
of
the
Chicken
,
before
any
particle
of
the
Chicken
appear
;
what
should
hinder
the
Innate
beat
,
and
vegetative
soul
of
the
Chicken
to
be
existent
before
the
Chicken
it self
?
For
what
can
produce
the
effects
and
operations
of
Life
,
but
that
which
is
the
cause
and
efficient
of
those
Effects
and
Operations
;
namely
,
the
heat
,
and
faculty
of
the
Vegetal
soul
?
And
therefore
the
soul
doth
not
seem
to
be
Actus
corporis
Organici
vitam
habentis
in
potentiâ
,
the
Act
of
an
Organical
body
,
which
hath
life
in
it
in
potentiâ
:
for
we
conceive
the
form
of
the
Chicken
to
be
such
an
Act.
Now
in
what
can
we
imagine
the
form
,
or
soul
of
the
Chicken
to
be
,
but
in
the
Chicken
it self
?
unless
we
allow
the
forms
to
be
separate
,
or
grant
a
Metempsychôsis
.
But
this
is
most
manifest
,
where
the
same
Animal
lives
by
a
succession
of
forms
;
(
as
Aristotle
speaks
)
as
for
example
,
Out
of
a
Canker-worm
,
an
Aurelia
,
and
then
a
Butterfly
.
For
the
same
Efficient
,
Nutritive
,
and
Preserving
principle
,
must
needs
be
in
each
of
these
:
unless
we
will
place
one
soul
in
the
Boy
,
another
in
the
Young
man
,
and
a
third
in
the
Old
:
or
affirm
,
that
the
Canker-worm
,
and
that
worm
which
becomes
a
Silk-worm
,
also
the
Silk-worm
,
and
the
Butterfly
,
have
the
same
form
,
of
which
matter
Aristotle
hath
accurately
written
,
and
whereof
more
largely
hereafter
.
Again
,
it
seems
a
Paradox
,
that
the
blood
should
be
made
,
and
move
,
and
be
endowed
with
Vital
spirits
,
before
any
sanguifying
,
or
Motive
Organs
are
constituted
at
all
.
Nor
is
it
less
new
and
unheard
of
,
that
there
should
be
Sense
and
Motion
in
the
Foetus
,
before
his
brain
is
made
;
for
the
Foetus
moves
,
contracts
,
and
extends
himself
,
when
there
is
nothing
yet
appears
for
a
brain
,
but
clear
water
.
Besides
,
the
body
is
nourished
and
encreased
,
before
the
Organs
dedicated
to
Concoction
(
namely
the
Stomack
and
Liver
)
are
formed
.
And
likewise
Sanguification
(
which
is
the
second
Concoction
)
is
performed
before
the
first
,
(
which
is
by
the
Stomack
)
and
called
Chylification
.
The
Excrements
of
the
first
and
second
Concoction
(
namely
in
the
Guts
,
and
the
two
bladders
,
of
Urine
one
,
the
other
of
Gall
)
are
coetaneous
to
the
concocting
Instruments
themselves
.
Lastly
,
there
is
a
Minde
,
Providence
,
and
Understanding
,
not
onely
in
the
Vegetal
part
of
the
soul
,
but
even
before
the
soul
it self
;
procuring
,
disposing
,
and
ordering
all
things
,
and
artificially
molding
the
future
foetus
to
a
resemblance
with
his
parents
,
even
from
the
very
first
original
;
and
all
this
,
to
advance
the
being
,
and
well
being
of
the
Foetus
.
Concerning
which
Resemblance
,
we
may
enquire
,
what
should
be
the
cause
why
the
Foetus
sometimes
resembles
the
Father
,
sometimes
the
Mother
,
and
sometimes
also
the
Progenitors
,
and
those
either
of
the
Father
or
Mothers
side
?
And
this
the
rather
,
since
upon
one
single
coition
,
and
at
the
same
moment
of
time
,
many
Egges
are
fructified
together
.
This
also
is
a
wonderful
thing
,
that
the
Virtues
,
and
Vices
,
the
Diseases
,
the
Marks
,
the
Moles
or
Spots
should
be
transferred
to
Posterity
:
and
that
into
some
onely
of
the
Progeny
,
and
not
unto
all
.
In
the
race
of
Cocks
,
some
are
of
a
generous
spirit
,
and
born
to
battle
;
who
will
dye
rather
then
turn
their
backs
upon
their
Adversaries
:
and
yet
their
Nephews
,
unless
they
proceed
of
like
parents
,
do
by
degrees
forfeit
their
galantry
;
according
to
that
saying
,
Fortes
creantur
fortibus
.
In
many
other
Animals
(
and
especially
in
Man
)
the
Bravery
of
the
Succession
,
or
Family
is
observable
:
and
many
of
the
Indowments
both
of
body
and
soul
are
derived
down
to
it
ex
traduce
.
This
I
have
often
admired
,
that
when
the
Issue
hath
obtained
a
mixt
fabrick
or
composition
from
both
Parents
,
and
that
in
all
other
parts
of
the
body
,
yet
it
hath
not
been
so
in
the
Genitals
;
but
that
it
commonly
proves
either
Male
,
or
Female
,
and
very
seldom
an
Hermaphrodite
.
Lastly
,
many
things
are
in
the
foetus
ere
they
appear
at
all
;
and
some
things
are
begun
with
the
first
,
but
perfected
with
the
last
:
as
the
Eyes
,
Genitals
,
and
Bill
.
And
hence
there
arise
debates
concerning
the
pre-eminence
,
or
dignity
of
the
Parts
;
in
which
the
Wits
of
such
as
are
curious
in
these
cases
,
may
imploy
themselves
.
As
,
Whether
the
Heart
bestow
life
and
vigour
upon
the
blood
,
or
the
blood
rather
upon
the
Heart
?
Whether
the
blood
be
made
for
the
bodyes
sake
,
as
the
Matter
,
Nutriment
,
and
Instrument
;
or
else
the
body
,
and
all
its
parts
for
the
blood
,
and
the
soul
which
doth
first
and
principally
reside
in
it
?
Likewise
,
Whether
the
Ventricles
,
or
Auricles
of
the
Heart
are
most
honourable
?
For
we
finde
that
the
Auricles
have
life
and
pulse
first
,
and
do
expire
last
.
And
farther
,
Whether
the
left
Ventricle
of
the
Heart
,
which
is
deeper
in
a
Man
,
and
is
fenced
with
a
thicker
and
more
carnous
wall
,
and
is
conceived
to
be
the
fountain
of
the
Spirts
,
be
the
more
excellent
,
hotter
,
more
fraught
with
Spirits
,
and
livelyer
of
the
two
:
or
the
Right
,
which
doth
last
languish
and
subscribe
to
Death
,
containing
a
large
quantity
of
blood
:
and
where
the
Dying
mans
blood
doth
last
congeal
,
and
is
deprived
of
life
and
spirit
?
and
whether
also
the
Umbilical
Vessels
do
transport
the
blood
(
as
to
their
fountain
)
and
whence
also
they
derive
their
extraction
?
Now
these
things
do
result
out
of
the
Observation
of
the
Order
of
the
Generation
of
the
Parts
,
as
also
other
things
which
may
be
hence
deduced
,
and
do
not
a
litle
clash
against
the
Physiology
commonly
approved
.
Namely
,
(
when
we
plainly
see
that
there
is
both
Sense
&
Motion
,
before
the
brain
is
begotten
)
it
is
evident
that
all
Sense
and
Motion
is
not
derived
from
the
brain
:
for
it
appeares
by
our
History
,
that
Sense
and
Motion
do
clearly
discover
themselves
in
the
first
small
drop
of
blood
in
the
Egge
,
before
any
particle
of
the
body
is
framed
.
And
likewise
,
the
first
platform
or
constitution
(
which
we
call
gelly
)
is
laid
before
any
part
is
discerned
;
and
when
the
brain
is
now
nothing
but
a
clear
water
:
which
first
rudiment
of
the
Body
,
if
it
be
lightly
pricked
,
will
,
like
a
Worm
or
Magot
,
obscurely
move
,
and
contract
it self
:
which
is
a
plain
testimony
of
its
sense
.
There
are
also
other
Arguments
deduced
from
Sense
and
Motion
,
by
which
we
may
conclude
(
with
Aristotle
)
That
the
Heart
,
and
not
(
with
Physitians
)
that
the
Brain
is
the
first
Principle
.
Those
Motions
and
Actions
,
which
Physitians
call
Natural
,
because
they
proceed
whether
we
will
or
no
;
and
we
cannot
moderate
,
accelerate
,
retard
,
or
refrain
them
at
our
own
pleasure
:
&
which
therefore
are
Independent
in
regard
of
the
brain
;
yet
even
they
are
not
performed
without
all
sense
,
but
do
imply
sense
,
as
by
which
they
are
excited
,
provoked
,
and
altered
.
For
we
conceive
,
that
in
the
Heart
it self
,
its
Palpitation
,
Trembling
,
Fainting
,
Sowning
,
and
all
the
changes
in
the
pulse
,
either
in
magnitude
,
celerity
,
order
,
rhythme
,
or
the
like
,
do
proceed
from
morbifical
causes
indisposing
it
,
and
offensive
to
its
sense
.
For
whatsoever
by
diversity
of
motions
makes
warre
against
those
things
that
enrage
and
molest
it
,
must
needs
be
indowed
with
sense
.
The
Stomack
and
Guts
provoked
by
injurious
humours
,
do
raise
a
Nauseating
,
Belching
,
Rumbling
,
Vomiting
,
and
Flux
;
and
as
it
is
beyond
our
power
,
either
to
raise
or
lay
these
combustions
,
so
are
we
to
seek
for
any
such
sense
retaining
to
the
brain
,
which
should
excite
those
parts
to
such
Expressions
.
It
is
very
strange
,
that
upon
the
Infusion
of
Antimony
taken
in
a
Vomit
,
though
we
neither
distinguish
it
by
taste
,
nor
finde
any
disgust
in
it
,
either
swallowing
it
down
,
or
in
returning
it
back
again
;
yet
there
passeth
a
censure
upon
it
by
the
Stomack
,
which
discerns
between
what
is
usefull
and
prejudicial
,
and
so
provokes
to
Vomit
.
Nay
,
the
Flesh
it self
doth
easily
distinguish
a
poisonous
wound
from
one
that
is
not
poisonous
;
and
thereupon
contracts
it self
,
and
condenseth
;
upon
which
enflamed
tumours
arise
:
as
we
may
see
in
the
stingings
of
the
Bee
,
the
Gnat
,
and
the
Spider
.
I
my selfe
once
,
for
experiment
sake
,
pricked
my
hand
with
a
needle
;
and
presently
rubbing
the
same
needle
upon
a
Spiders
tooth
,
I
pricked
my
hand
in
another
place
,
so
that
I
my self
could
not
distinguish
between
the
two
pricks
.
But
there
was
something
in
my
Skin
that
did
distinguish
;
for
in
that
place
where
the
poisoned
prick
fell
,
it
presently
contracted
it self
into
a
pimple
,
and
presently
grew
red
,
hot
,
and
inflamed
;
as
if
it
fortified
it self
,
and
stood
upon
its
guard
,
to
oppose
,
and
subdue
the
malice
of
the
Venom
.
The
Offences
undergone
by
the
Matrix
,
as
its
Contorsion
,
Descension
,
Falling
down
,
Rising
,
Suffocation
,
and
other
Maladies
and
Provocations
,
do
no
whit
depend
upon
the
Brain
,
or
Common
sense
;
nor
yet
can
they
be
conceived
to
befall
it
insensibly
.
For
that
which
is
plainly
void
of
Sense
,
cannot
seem
any
way
to
be
porovked
,
or
heightened
into
any
motion
,
or
action
.
Nor
have
we
any
other
signs
to
distinguish
an
animate
and
sensitive
creature
,
from
a
dead
and
senseless
one
,
then
by
its
motion
provoked
from
some
offensive
object
,
which
doth
alwaies
follow
,
and
argue
Sense
.
But
of
this
more
at
large
,
when
we
treat
of
the
Actions
and
Use
of
the
Brain
.
But
the
Reverence
due
to
the
Antients
,
and
Antiquity
her self
,
doth
advise
us
to
uphold
their
doctrines
,
so
farre
as
they
are
true
.
Nor
can
it
beseem
us
rashly
to
reject
,
and
discountenance
their
Labours
,
and
Decrees
,
whose
light
hath
been
our
direction
to
the
Shrines
of
Philosophy
;
wherefore
I
conceive
we
ought
to
think
thus
.
We
perceive
we
have
Five
Senses
,
by
which
we
give
judgement
upon
outward
things
;
but
because
it
is
not
the
same
sense
,
by
which
we
perceive
,
and
by
which
we
perceive
our
own
perception
;
(
for
we
see
with
our
Eyes
,
but
we
do
not
by
them
know
we
see
)
but
by
another
sense
,
which
employes
another
sensitive
Organ
(
namely
,
the
Internal
Common
sense
)
by
which
we
give
judgement
upon
all
those
things
which
we
perceive
by
our
external
Organs
,
and
so
distinguish
white
from
sweet
,
and
hard
:
This
common
Sensorium
,
or
Organ
of
Sense
(
whither
all
Species
are
conveyed
from
the
outward
Organs
)
is
plainly
the
Head
;
which
,
together
with
all
his
Nerves
,
and
outward
Organs
adjoined
to
them
,
is
understood
to
be
the
adequate
Organ
of
Sensation
.
And
it
is
like
the
Sensitive
Root
,
from
which
several
Fibers
result
;
whereof
one
sees
,
another
hears
,
a
third
toucheth
,
and
the
other
smell
,
and
taste
.
Yet
as
there
are
certain
Actions
and
Motions
,
whose
Regiment
or
Jurisdiction
relates
not
to
the
Brain
,
and
they
therefore
are
called
Natural
:
so
also
must
we
conclude
,
that
there
is
a
certain
sense
of
Touching
,
which
is
not
conveyed
to
the
Common
sense
,
or
any
way
communicated
to
the
brain
;
and
therefore
in
that
kinde
of
sense
,
we
do
not
perceive
our
sensation
:
but
just
like
men
whose
understanding
is
perverted
,
or
else
are
distracted
by
some
violent
Passion
,
insomuch
that
they
are
insensible
of
all
pain
,
and
takes
no
notice
of
any
thing
that
meets
their
senses
:
So
we
must
conceive
it
to
be
in
this
sense
,
which
we
therefore
distinguish
from
Animal
sense
.
Having
observed
such
a
kinde
of
sense
in
the
Zoophyta
,
or
Plant-Animals
(
as
the
Sensitive
Plant
,
Sponges
,
and
the
like
.
)
Wherefore
,
as
many
Animals
have
both
Sense
and
Motion
,
without
the
Common
sense
,
or
a
brain
;
as
the
Worms
in
the
Guts
,
also
those
Worms
which
turn
into
Silk-worms
,
and
the
like
,
so
also
do
some
actions
befall
the
Embryo
,
and
us
also
without
any
assistance
from
the
brain
,
and
a
kinde
of
sensation
doth
proceed
,
without
sense
.
And
as
Physitians
teach
,
that
Natural
Actions
differ
from
Animal
;
so
upon
like
reason
,
the
Natural
Touch
seems
to
differ
from
the
Animal
sense
of
Touching
,
and
constitute
a
distinct
species
of
Feeling
:
so
that
the
one
is
communicated
to
the
Common
sense
,
or
brain
,
and
the
other
not
.
Moreover
,
it
is
one
thing
for
a
Muscle
to
be
moved
or
contracted
,
and
another
thing
for
it
to
perform
an
Action
,
at
distinct
regulated
contractions
and
relaxations
;
as
to
go
forward
,
or
receive
any
thing
in
the
hands
.
Doubtless
,
the
Muscles
,
or
Motory
Organs
,
in
the
Cynical
distortion
,
or
Convulsion
proceeding
from
some
cause
that
disturbs
them
,
are
no
otherwise
moved
,
then
a
Cock
or
Hen
,
which
when
the
Head
is
quite
chopped
off
,
is
disturbed
with
many
convulsive
motions
of
the
Leggs
and
Wings
:
but
such
as
are
altogether
confused
,
and
disordered
,
because
the
sway
of
the
brain
is
dethroned
,
and
the
common
sense
deposed
,
under
whose
Government
formerly
,
those
motions
were
regulated
by
rhythm
and
harmony
,
either
to
walking
,
or
flight
.
We
conceive
therefore
,
that
it
ought
to
be
said
,
That
all
Natural
Motions
proceed
from
the
power
of
the
Heart
,
and
are
as
his
Retinue
:
but
the
Spontaneous
,
and
such
as
perfect
any
Action
,
(
which
Physitians
call
animal
)
are
not
produced
but
by
the
brain
and
common
sense
controuling
them
.
For
as
by
this
common
sense
,
we
perceive
our
own
Sensation
,
so
also
we
perceive
our
own
motion
;
and
that
whether
it
be
regular
,
or
perverse
.
We
have
a
clear
Instance
of
both
these
motions
in
Respiration
;
for
the
Lungs
(
as
the
Heart
)
are
continually
moved
up
and
down
by
a
natural
motion
,
and
also
provoked
to
cough
,
and
frequent
Agitation
;
but
produce
or
shape
a
voice
,
or
sing
they
cannot
,
without
help
,
and
commission
from
common
sense
.
But
these
things
are
to
be
more
fully
handled
,
when
we
shall
fix
our
contemplation
upon
the
Action
and
Use
of
the
Brain
,
and
the
Consideration
of
the
Soul
.
But
thus
much
hath
been
delivered
by
the
way
,
that
we
may
declare
our
desire
and
inclination
to
pay
our
Masters
the
respect
we
owe
them
.
Of
the
Nutrition
of
the
Chicken
in
the
Egge
.
EXERCIT.
LVIII
.
HOw
much
the
Authority
of
the
Ancients
is
not
rashly
to
be
rejected
,
appears
even
in
this
:
It
was
of
old
an
opinion
much
prized
(
which
yet
many
at
this
day
disclame
as
erroneous
;
and
Fabricius
decryes
it
as
a
meer
delusion
,
and
fond
perswasion
)
that
the
Embryo
did
suck
,
in
its
mothers
De
form
.
foet
.
p.
19.
or
134.
l.
de
carn.
&
de
nat.
puer
.
Womb
:
and
it
had
Democritus
,
Epicurus
,
and
Hippocrates
himself
for
its
Abbettors
.
And
Hippocrates
doth
establish
his
opinion
chiefly
upon
two
arguments
;
For
,
saith
he
,
unless
it
had
sucked
,
how
could
it
deposit
any
excrements
:
or
know
how
to
suck
so
soon
as
it
is
born
.
Now
in
other
cases
they
use
to
subscribe
to
every
word
pronounced
by
this
so
famous
,
and
ancient
Oracle
,
and
his
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
was
warrant
enough
:
but
here
(
because
he
delivers
things
dissonant
to
what
is
commonly
received
,
Fabricius
doth
not
only
renounce
his
bare
assertion
,
but
stands
out
in
defiance
against
his
proofes
.
Therefore
I
appeal
to
the
judgement
of
the
most
skilful
Anatomists
,
and
most
learned
Physitians
,
whether
our
Observations
concerning
the
Generation
of
Animals
,
do
not
onely
cast
a
probability
,
but
inforce
the
necessity
of
this
opinion
of
Hippocrates
.
All
in
general
acknowledge
,
that
the
Foetus
while
he
abides
in
the
Womb
doth
wallow
in
abundance
of
Water
,
(
which
Liquor
,
we
,
in
the
History
of
the
Egge
,
stile
the
Colliquamentum
,
and
the
Moderns
say
that
Water
is
the
Sweat
and
Urine
of
the
Foetus
;
affording
this
advantage
,
that
the
Foetus
floating
in
it
(
while
the
Mother
runs
,
leaps
,
or
uses
any
other
violent
motion
)
doth
not
easily
offend
the
Womb
,
nor
is
himself
wronged
by
allision
against
the
bones
seated
there
round
about
him
,
or
some
outward
blowes
;
and
the
rather
,
for
that
at
this
time
,
his
body
is
but
tender
,
and
infirme
.
Fabricius
adjoines
other
benefits
arising
from
Their
moistning
and
lubrifying
all
the
passages
round
about
,
and
rendering
the
neck
of
the
Matrix
capable
of
the
largest
dilatation
;
and
all
these
commodities
,
saith
he
,
do
no
less
arise
from
that
thick
white
Excrement
,
answerable
to
that
of
the
third
concoction
,
which
is
Unciuous
,
Oily
,
and
Fat
,
and
neglected
by
the
Ancients
.
Which
it
also
performeth
,
least
the
Sweat
which
may
sometimes
transpire
,
sharp
,
and
saltish
,
should
erode
the
tender
Infants
body
.
I
willingly
acknowledge
the
several
benefits
assigned
to
this
water
,
by
all
Writers
;
namely
,
that
the
tender
Foetus
in
order
to
his
indemnity
from
any
suddain
,
and
violent
motions
of
his
Mother
,
is
thus
securely
nestled
in
alis
vespertilionum
,
in
the
Bats
Wings
,
as
they
call
them
,
and
moated
round
with
store
of
water
,
so
that
he
cannot
easily
,
by
every
(
though
violent
)
motion
dash
himselfe
against
his
Mothers
sides
;
(
because
of
those
tyes
which
fasten
him
on
every
side
)
at
least
this
circumambient
liquor
being
equally
poised
in
the
midst
doth
protect
him
from
all
outward
harme
.
But
my
own
Observations
,
as
they
do
in
many
other
matters
,
so
also
in
this
enforce
me
to
be
of
a
contrary
opinion
to
Fabricius
:
for
I
am
most
certain
,
that
the
said
liquor
,
is
not
the
Sweat
of
the
Foetus
.
Nor
can
I
believe
,
that
that
water
doth
perform
those
offices
in
the
birth
,
which
he
commemorates
:
and
much
lesse
,
that
it
is
so
sharp
and
Briney
,
that
the
foetus
must
stand
in
need
of
an
oily
unctuous
fence
to
secure
him
from
it
,
especially
that
foetus
,
which
is
either
cloathed
with
Wool
,
Hair
,
or
Feathers
.
For
this
liquor
is
of
a
good
savour
,
and
like
a
kind
of
watry
Milk
;
and
therefore
,
almost
all
Viviparous
Animals
,
so
soon
as
they
have
brought
their
Young
into
the
world
,
fall
abord
and
eat
it
up
,
and
lick
their
new
born
issues
clean
,
greedily
swallowing
the
humour
which
they
receive
in
,
when
they
will
not
so
much
as
touch
the
excrements
of
their
foetus
.
Fabricius
conceived
this
water
to
be
sharp
,
and
salt
,
because
he
thought
it
to
be
the
sweat
.
But
what
injury
,
I
pray
,
can
the
sweat
do
to
the
foetus
now
cloathed
in
feathers
?
if
at
least
he
ever
saw
such
a
creature
as
a
sweating
Chicken
.
And
I
suppose
he
will
not
say
,
that
the
use
of
that
water
in
an
egge
,
is
by
its
moisture
and
lubricity
to
expedite
the
Chickens
birth
.
For
the
dryer
and
older
the
shell
is
,
by
so
much
the
frailer
,
and
britler
it
becomes
.
Lastly
,
were
it
the
Chickens
sweat
,
it
would
most
abound
neer
the
Exclusion
;
for
the
larger
the
Chicken
is
,
and
the
more
Aliment
he
takes
in
,
so
much
the
more
sweat
must
he
necessarily
create
.
But
a
litle
before
his
Exclusion
(
about
the
ninteenth
or
twentieth
day
)
there
is
none
of
this
kind
of
humour
discernable
;
whereby
,
he
should
have
rather
reputed
it
an
Aliment
,
then
an
Excrement
:
(
had
he
rightly
considered
the
matter
)
especially
,
seeing
he
allows
the
Chicken
in
the
Egge
,
the
use
of
Respiration
,
Voice
,
and
Crying
,
which
,
were
he
begirt
with
water
,
could
not
have
been
.
Nor
are
these
Waters
of
any
great
use
,
to
the
Expedition
,
or
Lubricity
of
the
Delivery
(
as
experienced
Midwives
know
full
well
)
though
Fabricius
would
have
it
otherwise
.
For
the
neighbour
Parts
are
about
that
time
,
(
without
any
profusion
of
those
Waters
,
mellow
and
relaxed
by
a
certain
maturity
of
their
owne
:
especially
,
those
which
may
be
an
obstruction
to
the
work
:
namely
,
the
Ossa
pubis
,
&
Coccygis
;
about
which
the
chiefest
care
of
the
Midwife
is
exercised
in
furthering
the
delivery
:
for
she
is
less
solicitous
,
to
anoint
the
fleshey
parts
,
least
they
rend
in
sunder
,
then
in
putting
back
the
Coccyx
;
which
if
she
cannot
effect
with
her
own
hand
,
she
calls
in
the
Man-Midwife
to
procure
her
purpose
by
the
Speculum
matricis
;
which
instrument
by
its
triple
sides
,
whereof
one
is
applyed
to
the
Coccyx
,
the
other
two
to
the
Ossa
pubis
,
doth
distend
those
parts
by
force
.
For
the
Infant
now
just
at
his
Birth
,
while
hee
turnes
himself
,
and
precipitates
his
Head
downward
,
doth
relax
and
open
the
orifice
of
the
Womb
:
but
if
in
his
descent
he
light
upon
the
top
of
the
Bone
,
there
he
sticks
;
and
hardly
gets
forth
,
and
that
not
without
danger
,
to
himself
,
and
his
Mother
too
.
Now
it
is
evidently
natures
intent
,
to
mollifie
and
relax
those
parts
.
For
,
if
the
Midwife
do
discover
the
Orifice
of
the
Matrix
become
soft
and
loose
,
she
laies
it
down
for
an
infallible
sign
of
the
approaching
delivery
,
though
the
Waters
are
not
yet
broken
.
Nay
(
I
speak
what
I
know
by
Experience
)
in
case
any
thing
remaine
after
the
delivery
,
which
ought
to
be
discharged
,
or
if
at
any
other
time
there
be
any
thing
in
the
Womb
,
which
it
indeavours
to
be
rid
of
,
the
Orifice
doth
not
onely
descend
,
but
is
also
soft
and
relaxed
:
but
if
after
the
delivery
,
that
Orifice
be
retired
into
its
place
,
and
be
perceived
to
be
grown
something
hard
,
it
is
an
evident
sign
that
all
is
wel
.
And
by
the
like
Experience
,
I
pronounce
,
the
Ossa
pubis
to
be
often
loosened
one
from
another
in
delivery
,
their
cartilaginous
connexion
being
mollified
,
and
all
the
Region
of
the
Lower
Belly
miraculously
dilated
;
and
this
not
by
the
profusion
of
the
Watry
substance
,
but
of
their
own
accord
,
as
ripe
fruits
use
to
revolt
or
open
,
to
make
room
for
the
Exclusion
of
their
seeds
.
But
how
much
the
Coccyx
may
retard
the
delivery
,
is
clear
in
four-footed
beasts
,
that
have
Tailes
;
for
they
can
neither
bring
forth
young
,
nor
disload
the
excrements
of
the
Guts
,
unless
they
remove
their
Taile
;
which
if
you
depress
with
your
hand
,
you
hinder
the
passage
of
the
Excrement
.
Moreover
,
that
is
accounted
the
most
Natural
Delivery
,
when
the
Foetus
and
Secundines
with
the
Watry
substance
(
that
is
,
the
Entire
Egge
)
get
forth
together
.
For
if
the
Secundines
be
entire
,
and
the
waters
not
broken
,
the
circumjacent
parts
are
more
distended
,
&
dilated
by
the
Throwes
,
namely
,
by
the
distention
of
the
Membranes
,
whereupon
,
the
foetus
works
his
release
with
less
struggling
;
though
the
Mothers
paines
be
the
greater
.
In
which
condition
,
we
know
how
the
Woman
in
Labour
is
much
relieved
from
the
intollerable
torment
caused
by
distention
,
upon
the
breaking
of
the
Membranes
,
(
whether
it
be
done
by
Midwives
nailes
,
or
by
a
pair
of
Scissors
)
the
Waters
by
that
means
being
set
a
float
.
And
the
skilful
Midwives
know
very
well
,
that
in
case
all
the
Waters
be
come
away
,
before
the
natural
opening
of
the
Womb
,
the
Woman
with
Child
,
continueth
the
longer
in
Labour
,
and
her
Travail
is
the
harder
;
which
would
yet
be
contrary
,
in
case
those
precedent
Waters
(
as
Fabricius
would
have
it
)
did
so
much
conduce
to
the
mollifying
,
and
Lubricity
of
the
parts
.
Besides
that
this
humour
,
which
we
call
the
Colliquamentum
,
is
not
the
sweat
of
the
foetus
,
is
evident
,
both
in
the
Egge
and
other
Animals
;
for
it
is
in
being
,
before
any
part
of
the
foetus
is
constituted
,
or
any
rudiment
of
him
extant
.
Nay
so
soon
as
he
is
discernable
,
and
is
yet
but
gelly
,
and
very
small
,
so
great
a
quantity
of
Water
is
to
be
seen
,
that
it
is
utterly
impossible
,
so
inconsiderable
a
bulk
should
afford
such
plenty
of
Excrement
.
Adde
to
this
,
that
the
fibres
of
the
Umbilical
vessels
are
scattered
and
terminated
in
the
membrane
conteining
this
Water
,
as
in
the
Yolk
and
White
of
the
Egge
:
to
give
evidence
clearly
(
if
you
consider
the
thing
,
as
it
truely
is
)
that
this
humour
,
is
rather
to
be
conceived
the
Aliment
,
then
the
Excrement
.
Wherefore
Hippocrates
his
opinion
seems
to
me
more
probable
then
that
of
Fabricius
,
and
other
Anatomists
,
who
count
this
Liquor
the
Sweat
,
and
Prejudice
of
the
foetus
.
For
I
believe
that
this
Colliquamentum
,
or
Water
wherein
the
foetus
swims
,
doth
serve
for
his
sustenance
;
and
that
the
thinner
&
purer
part
of
it
,
being
imbibed
by
the
Umbilical
Vessels
,
do
constitute
and
supply
the
primogenit
parts
:
and
the
rest
,
like
Milk
,
being
by
suction
conveyed
into
the
Stomack
and
there
concocted
or
chylified
,
and
afterwards
attracted
by
the
Orifices
of
the
Meseraick
Veins
,
doth
nourish
and
enlarge
the
tender
Embryo
.
And
to
fortifie
my
perswasion
,
I
shall
lay
down
some
arguments
,
that
prevaile
with
me
.
So
soon
as
the
foetus
attains
any
perfection
,
he
presently
stirres
his
Limbs
,
and
proceeds
to
make
tryal
of
those
actions
,
to
which
his
Instruments
of
motion
are
designed
.
Now
we
see
the
Chicken
in
the
Egge
,
open
his
mouth
amidst
this
Water
;
whereby
he
must
needs
swallow
it
down
.
For
it
is
most
certain
,
that
whatsoever
is
gone
beyond
the
roote
of
the
Tongue
,
and
is
arrived
at
the
top
of
the
Gullet
,
no
creature
can
return
(
but
by
Vomition
)
whereupon
the
Farriers
,
which
administer
medicinal
Potions
,
Boles
,
or
Pills
,
to
Cattel
,
taking
them
by
the
tongue
cast
it
in
beyond
the
protuberance
of
the
Tongue
,
just
at
the
Root
,
that
so
they
cannot
avoid
the
swallowing
.
And
if
any
of
us
,
convey
a
Pill
so
far
as
the
root
of
the
tongue
,
he
shall
find
himself
necessitated
to
swallow
it
down
,
unless
a
Vomit
meet
,
and
repel
it
.
Wherefore
since
the
Embryo
wallowing
in
the
fore-said
liquor
,
doth
open
his
mouth
;
it
follows
likewise
that
it
must
enter
in
;
and
since
he
moves
his
other
muscles
,
why
should
we
doubt
,
but
that
he
imployes
the
Instrument
of
his
throat
likewise
,
and
so
imbibes
the
humour
.
Moreover
it
is
certain
,
that
in
the
Craw
of
the
Chicken
(
and
the
like
is
also
found
in
the
Stomack
of
all
Embryo's
)
there
is
seen
a
substance
most
like
in
colour
,
tast
,
and
consistence
to
the
said
liquor
;
which
being
a
while
digested
in
the
Stomack
,
resembles
coagulated
Milk
;
and
we
have
also
found
it
like
to
Chyle
,
in
the
upper
Gut
,
the
lower
Guts
being
then
stuft
with
Excrements
.
So
also
in
the
foetus
of
Viviparous
creatures
,
the
thicker
Guts
are
full
of
such
an
Excrement
as
that
,
wherewith
they
do
abound
all
the
while
they
are
sed
with
Milk
.
Also
in
Sheep
and
other
beasts
which
divide
the
Hoof
,
the
dried
dung
is
manifestly
to
be
seen
.
About
the
seventeenth
day
,
I
have
evidently
found
excrement
in
a
Chicken
,
neer
the
fundament
;
and
have
also
seen
it
,
when
it
hath
been
discharged
into
the
Secundines
,
a
litle
before
the
exclusion
.
And
Volcherus
Coiter
,
a
diligent
and
skilful
Anatomist
,
records
the
same
observation
.
Why
then
should
we
scruple
to
say
,
that
the
foetus
in
the
Womb
doth
suck
;
and
that
a
Chyle
is
made
there
;
when
we
have
both
the
apparent
principle
,
and
rejectments
of
it
.
Besides
,
at
that
time
when
we
see
both
the
bladders
,
one
full
of
Gall
,
and
the
other
of
Urine
(
both
which
are
excrements
of
the
second
concoction
)
why
may
we
not
conclude
that
Chylifaction
,
which
is
the
first
concoction
,
went
before
it
.
The
Embryo
therfore
sucks
,
and
receives
nutriment
in
at
the
Mouth
.
And
this
you
shall
soon
discry
,
if
so
soon
as
ever
he
is
borne
,
you
put
your
finger
into
his
mouth
.
Which
according
to
Hippocrates
,
would
not
be
,
had
he
not
sucked
before
in
the
Womb.
For
we
see
young
Children
make
essays
,
and
attempt
upon
all
performances
:
namely
,
moving
their
Limbs
,
crawling
along
,
and
indeavouring
to
speak
:
all
which
they
attain
at
last
with
dexterity
,
by
long
practice
,
and
education
.
But
so
soon
as
ever
they
are
born
,
nay
before
they
are
born
,
they
will
suck
.
For
we
have
found
by
experience
,
that
while
they
yet
stick
fast
in
the
Birth
,
before
they
can
either
cry
or
breath
,
they
will
seize
upon
the
finger
extended
to
them
,
and
suck
it
.
Nay
,
A
New-born
Child
is
more
exact
at
sucking
,
then
a
grown
body
,
or
himself
either
if
he
discontinue
it
but
a
few
days
.
For
the
Infant
doth
not
compress
the
Nipple
,
and
suck
at
the
rate
that
we
do
by
gulping
down
:
but
as
if
he
would
devour
the
Nipple
,
he
still
draws
it
into
his
mouth
,
and
by
the
aid
of
his
tongue
,
and
palate
,
he
sucks
the
milk
,
as
if
he
chewed
it
;
with
farre
more
earnestness
,
and
slight
,
then
a
grown
body
.
Wherefore
he
seems
to
be
good
at
it
of
old
,
and
to
have
practised
it
in
the
womb
;
for
we
see
how
soon
he
unlearns
it
by
discontinuance
.
By
these
and
other
Observations
it
is
probable
,
that
the
Chicken
is
fed
two
waies
in
the
Egge
,
namely
,
both
by
the
Umbilical
,
and
the
Meseraick
Veiues
:
by
the
former
,
he
attracts
well
digested
aliment
,
whereby
the
Blood
,
and
primogenit
parts
are
constituted
,
and
encreased
;
by
the
other
,
Chyle
,
which
conduces
to
the
fabrick
,
and
augmentation
of
the
other
parts
.
Now
,
perhaps
the
reason
may
seem
obscure
,
wherefore
the
same
Agent
should
out
of
the
same
Matter
proceed
to
a
diverse
manner
of
Nutrition
:
(
when
Nature
doth
nothing
in
vain
)
yet
we
will
endeavour
to
discover
the
reason
.
That
Part
which
is
attracted
by
the
Umbilical
Veines
,
is
the
purer
and
sincerer
part
:
But
the
remaining
Colliquamentum
wherein
the
Foetus
floats
,
is
a
kind
of
crude
milk
,
without
cream
,
deprived
of
its
purer
part
.
The
more
pure
part
therefore
stands
in
no
need
of
farther
concoction
,
as
the
other
doth
,
which
therefore
is
received
into
the
Stomack
,
and
there
chylified
.
The
thin
,
and
crude
milk
,
such
as
is
found
in
the
breast
presently
after
delivery
,
is
like
this
.
For
the
dissolved
White
of
an
Egg
,
and
the
crude
and
watry
milk
in
the
breast
or
udder
,
are
of
the
self
same
colour
,
taste
,
and
consistence
.
Also
the
first
milk
given
,
is
serous
,
and
watry
;
and
Women
in
Childe-bed
do
milk
a
kinde
of
water
out
of
their
breasts
,
before
the
milk
is
concocted
,
and
perfectly
white
.
And
therefore
the
Colliquamentum
found
in
the
Chickens
crop
is
a
kinde
of
crude
Milk
;
and
the
very
same
afterwards
found
in
the
Gisard
,
is
concocted
,
white
,
and
coagulated
.
So
likewise
in
Viviparous
Animals
,
before
their
milk
is
digested
in
their
breast
,
it
looks
like
a
kinde
of
Dew
,
or
Colliquamentum
;
and
so
on
the
contrary
,
the
Colliquamentum
,
after
it
is
concocted
in
the
Stomack
,
puts
on
the
likeness
of
Milk
.
Whence
it
comes
to
pass
,
according
to
Aristotles
opinion
,
that
the
first
and
most
principal
parts
are
fashioned
out
of
the
finer
and
purer
materials
:
but
of
the
courser
,
(
by
a
new
concoction
in
the
Stomack
)
refined
,
the
meaner
and
inferiour
sort
of
parts
are
made
:
so
that
Nature
like
a
kinde
,
indulgent
mother
,
would
rather
abound
with
Supernumeraries
,
then
be
scanted
in
Necessaries
.
Or
rather
,
we
must
affirm
it
consonant
to
reason
,
that
the
foetus
now
grown
more
perfect
in
himself
,
should
also
be
sustained
after
a
more
perfect
manner
(
viz.
by
the
Mouth
)
and
attract
his
aliment
more
refined
,
and
rendered
more
devoid
of
dreggs
,
by
the
two
precedent
Concoctions
;
(
As
being
thereby
cleansed
from
two
several
sorts
of
Excrements
.
)
At
first
,
indeed
,
being
sustained
by
the
Umbilical
Vessels
,
he
lives
like
a
Plant
supplyed
by
its
root
;
and
hereupon
his
body
looks
indigested
,
white
,
and
imperfect
;
and
like
a
Plant
,
he
remaines
fixt
,
and
immoveable
.
But
so
soon
as
he
enjoyes
the
same
aliment
more
elaborate
,
as
now
inspired
with
a
diviner
spirit
,
and
triumphing
in
a
higher
pitch
of
Vegetation
,
the
former
Gelly
is
transformed
into
flesh
,
the
Organs
of
motion
are
distinct
,
the
spirits
are
enricht
,
and
he
himself
begins
to
move
:
and
now
no
longer
is
cherished
like
a
Plant
by
his
roots
,
but
lives
the
life
of
an
Animal
,
and
is
nourished
at
the
Mouth
.
Of
the
Uses
of
the
whole
Egge
.
EXER
:
LIX
.
HAving
declared
those
mutations
,
and
several
proceedings
,
which
are
required
in
a
Hen-egg
,
in
order
to
the
production
of
the
Chicken
;
Fabricius
proceeds
to
discourse
of
the
uses
of
the
whole
Egge
,
and
of
its
Parts
:
and
this
not
onely
in
a
Hen-egge
,
but
in
all
other
kindes
of
Eggs.
Where
he
also
demands
,
Why
some
Eggs
are
heterogeneous
,
and
compounded
of
diverse
parts
;
and
others
are
homogeneous
,
and
similar
?
such
as
the
Eggs
of
Insects
are
,
and
of
those
creatures
,
which
are
constituted
out
of
the
whole
Egge
,
(
by
a
Metamorphosis
)
and
not
generated
out
of
one
part
of
the
egge
,
and
nourished
by
the
other
,
as
the
Chicken
is
.
But
my
business
is
not
to
treat
of
all
Eggs
in
general
(
as
not
having
in
this
Tract
delivered
their
history
)
but
onely
of
Hen-eggs
,
and
the
benefits
or
advantages
arising
from
their
parts
:
all
which
ought
to
tend
to
that
,
to
which
the
Action
of
the
whole
is
directed
;
which
Fabricius
truly
observeth
,
And
amongst
those
things
which
relate
to
the
Whole
Egge
,
Fabricius
doth
recount
the
Figure
,
Quantity
,
and
Number
of
the
Egges
.
The
Figure
of
the
Egge
,
saith
he
,
is
round
,
that
the
whole
bulk
of
the
Chicken
might
be
contained
in
the
lesser
space
;
for
de
us
.
Part.
which
cause
God
made
the
Universe
Round
,
to
comprehend
all
things
:
and
for
the
same
cause
,
this
Figure
,
saith
Galen
,
appeared
alwayes
most
lovely
,
and
convenient
to
Nature
.
Besides
,
in
that
it
hath
no
angle
exposed
to
outward
injuries
;
it
is
therefore
esteemed
the
safest
figure
,
and
most
convenient
for
the
Exclusion
of
the
Chicken
.
Now
Fabricius
upon
this
ground
,
ought
to
have
assigned
the
reason
,
why
Hen-egges
are
not
spherical
(
as
the
fry
,
or
eggs
of
fishes
,
worms
,
and
froggs
are
)
but
acuminated
and
oblong
.
What
impediment
is
there
which
hinders
them
from
this
perfect
figure
?
Therefore
,
in
my
judgement
,
the
figure
of
the
egge
hath
no
influence
at
all
upon
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
,
but
is
meerly
accidental
;
which
I
the
rather
conceive
,
because
there
are
so
many
several
varieties
of
figures
,
even
in
the
Hen-eggs
only
.
For
the
figure
differs
according
to
the
diversity
of
the
Uterus
,
in
which
(
as
in
a
Mould
)
it
receives
its
form
.
Aristotle
,
indeed
,
saith
,
That
oblong
eggs
produce
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
2.
Hens
,
but
the
rounder
,
Cocks
:
But
I
have
never
yet
observed
any
such
thing
.
And
Pliny
affirmes
the
clean
contrary
:
The
rounder
sort
of
eggs
,
saith
he
,
exclude
Hens
,
and
the
rest
,
Cocks
.
And
,
to
say
truth
,
if
there
were
any
certainty
to
be
collected
hence
,
some
Hens
would
ever
generate
Cocks
,
and
other
,
Hens
:
for
some
do
lay
eggs
which
are
alwayes
of
one
and
the
same
figure
,
that
is
,
ever
oblong
,
or
ever
round
.
And
the
oblong
would
rather
exclude
The
Reasons
alledged
by
Fabricius
for
the
figures
of
the
Eggs
,
we
willingly
pass
by
,
because
they
are
invalid
.
As
for
the
Magnitude
of
the
Egge
,
that
indeed
doth
seem
to
conduce
to
the
largeness
of
the
fatus
,
which
is
thence
to
be
generated
;
for
your
great
Hens
lay
fairer
eggs
.
And
yet
the
Crocodile
layes
egges
no
bigger
then
Goose-eggs
:
no
living
creature
Id.
l.
8.
c.
25
spreading
into
so
large
a
bulk
from
so
small
an
Original
.
It
is
also
probable
,
that
the
largeness
of
the
Egge
,
and
the
plenty
of
the
liquours
contained
in
it
,
do
conduce
something
to
the
fecundity
of
the
Egge
:
for
the
very
small
eggs
(
called
Centenina
)
are
all
of
them
addle
.
The
Number
of
Eggs
affords
the
same
benefit
,
as
plenty
of
Conceptions
do
in
Viviparous
creatures
;
that
is
,
they
are
useful
to
the
continuation
of
the
species
.
For
Nature
doth
commonly
bestow
a
plenteous
issue
upon
those
Animals
which
are
weak
,
and
lyable
to
the
insolences
of
other
Creatures
:
recompensing
the
shortness
of
their
lives
,
with
the
number
of
their
ofspring
.
Nature
,
saith
Pliny
,
hath
bequeathed
this
legacy
to
the
Race
of
Birds
,
that
the
more
fearfull
amongst
them
,
should
be
more
fruitfull
,
then
the
more
valiant
.
For
since
all
Generation
is
designed
by
Nature
for
Perpetuity
sake
,
it
befalls
those
Animals
more
frequently
,
which
are
shorter
lived
,
and
obnoxious
to
outward
injuries
,
that
so
their
species
may
not
decay
.
Hereupon
,
Birds
of
Prey
,
which
excell
in
strength
,
and
thence
maintain
their
lives
the
longer
,
and
remain
in
more
security
,
do
seldom
lay
above
two
eggs
.
Indeed
,
the
Pigeon
,
Turtle
,
and
Ring-dove
,
hatch
but
two
egges
at
once
;
but
the
frequency
makes
satisfaction
for
the
paucity
,
for
they
hatch
ten
times
a
year
.
So
that
they
Generate
Much
,
though
not
Many
.
Of
the
Benefits
or
Uses
of
the
Yolk
and
White
.
EXERCITATION
LX.
AN
Egge
,
saith
Fabricius
,
properly
so
called
,
is
compounded
of
several
parts
,
because
it
is
the
Organ
or
Instrument
of
the
Generant
;
and
Galen
affirms
,
That
every
Organ
consists
of
several
parts
.
Which
gives
an
occasion
of
doubt
,
whether
every
egge
be
not
Heterogeneous
,
seeing
every
egge
is
an
Organ
.
And
indeed
,
every
egge
seems
to
be
constituted
out
of
several
parts
,
even
the
very
eggs
of
Insects
,
and
Fishes
:
for
they
all
consist
of
Membranes
,
Coverings
,
and
Muniments
:
and
the
Matter
also
contained
in
them
,
is
not
altogether
destitute
of
a
dissimilar
constitution
.
Fabricius
doth
also
farther
conclude
truly
,
with
Galen
,
That
some
parts
of
the
Egge
are
the
chief
Instruments
of
Action
;
others
,
such
Instruments
as
the
Action
cannot
be
performed
without
them
;
others
,
as
conducing
to
the
better
performance
of
the
Action
;
and
lastly
,
others
,
as
usefull
to
the
safety
and
preservation
of
all
the
rest
.
But
he
is
deceived
,
where
he
saith
;
If
we
speak
of
the
chiefe
Action
of
all
,
which
is
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
,
the
chief
cause
thereof
is
the
Seed
,
and
the
Chalaza
;
for
these
two
are
the
prime
cause
of
the
generation
of
the
chicken
:
the
Seed
being
the
Efficient
cause
,
and
the
Chalaza
the
material
onely
.
For
,
as
Aristotle
affirms
,
he
must
of
necessity
acknowledge
,
that
the
Generant
must
be
within
the
Egg.
But
he
denies
the
Cocks
seed
to
be
within
the
Egge
.
Nor
is
he
less
mistaken
concerning
the
Material
cause
,
out
of
which
the
Chicken
is
made
by
the
artifice
of
the
seed
.
For
it
is
neither
made
of
both
the
Chalazae
,
nor
yet
of
any
one
of
them
,
as
hath
been
discovered
in
our
History
.
Nor
is
the
Generation
of
the
Chicken
accomplished
by
a
Metamorphosis
,
or
delineation
and
division
of
the
Chalazae
,
but
by
in
Epigenesis
,
as
we
have
explained
.
Nor
is
the
Chalaza
principally
fructified
by
the
seed
,
but
the
Cicatricula
rather
,
or
the
Eggs-eye
,
as
we
call
it
:
out
of
which
being
enlarged
,
the
colliquamentum
doth
result
:
and
afterward
in
the
colliquamentum
,
and
out
of
it
,
the
Blood
,
Veines
,
Vesiculae
pulsantes
,
and
the
whole
Body
is
at
last
constituted
.
And
upon
his
own
confession
,
the
seed
of
the
Cock
doth
not
so
much
as
pass
into
the
womb
of
the
Hen
at
all
:
and
yet
notwithstanding
it
doth
fructifie
,
not
only
the
Eggs
already
formed
,
but
those
also
that
shall
be
formed
hereafter
.
To
the
Eggs
second
Action
(
which
is
the
Nutrition
,
and
Augmentation
of
the
Chicken
)
Fabricius
calls
in
the
White
and
Yolk
.
The
Quantity
of
the
yolk
and
white
,
saith
he
,
is
proportioned
to
the
better
performance
of
the
former
action
,
as
also
to
the
absolution
and
just
encrease
of
the
chicken
.
The
Egg-shell
,
and
Membranes
,
are
constituted
for
the
safeguard
of
the
whole
,
and
also
of
the
action
of
the
Egg.
But
the
veins
,
and
arteries
,
which
do
convey
the
aliment
,
are
such
as
without
them
the
encrease
and
nutrition
could
not
proceed
.
But
yet
he
leaves
us
in
suspense
,
not
knowing
whether
he
mean
the
Umbilical
Vessels
of
the
foetus
it self
,
or
the
veines
and
arteries
of
the
mother
,
as
those
instruments
by
which
the
egg
is
augmented
.
And
yet
upon
as
good
ground
,
both
the
Uterus
,
and
the
Incubation
it self
,
may
be
reduced
into
this
classis
.
Come
we
then
to
the
Liquors
of
the
Egge
,
namely
the
Yolk
and
White
,
for
these
are
,
rather
then
the
other
parts
,
instituted
for
the
sake
of
the
foetus
,
and
also
in
them
the
second
action
of
the
Egge
is
most
remarkable
.
Hen-eggs
are
of
two
colours
,
and
constituted
of
two
liquors
,
which
are
fenced
by
distinct
membranes
,
and
kept
apart
the
one
from
the
other
:
and
likewise
,
since
they
are
distinguished
by
a
twofold
propagation
of
Umbilical
Vessels
(
whereof
the
one
passeth
to
the
Yolk
,
the
other
to
the
White
)
they
themselves
are
in
all
probability
of
a
different
nature
,
and
therefore
of
a
diverse
use
and
advantage
.
The
Yolk
and
White
of
Eggs
,
saith
Aristotle
,
do
obtain
a
contrary
nature
;
not
onely
in
regard
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
2.
of
Heat
,
but
Power
:
for
the
Yolk
is
condensed
by
cold
,
but
the
White
is
not
onely
not
condensed
thereby
,
but
liquified
the
more
.
So
on
the
contrary
,
the
White
is
condensed
by
fire
,
but
the
Yolk
is
not
condensed
by
it
,
but
continues
soft
,
unless
it
be
very
much
burned
:
And
is
more
condensed
,
and
dryed
by
being
sodden
,
then
rosted
.
The
Yolk
being
now
warmed
by
Incubation
,
becomes
more
moist
;
for
it
resembles
melted
wax
,
or
dissolved
fat
:
whereupon
also
it
fills
a
larger
room
then
before
.
For
by
degrees
,
as
the
foetus
is
enlarged
,
the
White
is
consumed
and
thickened
:
but
the
Yolk
on
the
contrary
,
when
the
foetus
is
now
compleat
,
seems
to
have
lost
litle
or
nothing
of
its
dimensions
,
but
seems
only
to
be
more
liquid
and
moist
,
even
when
the
belly
of
the
foetus
begins
now
to
be
covered
over
with
the
Abdomen
.
And
Aristotle
gives
the
reason
of
this
differences
De
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
5
,
2.
Because
a
Bird
cannot
compleat
her
of
spring
within
〈◊〉
own
bowels
,
she
produceth
the
Aliment
also
together
i●
the
Egg.
For
in
Viviparous
creatures
the
nourishment
of
the
foetus
,
which
is
called
milk
,
is
provided
in
a
distinct
part
of
the
body
;
namely
,
in
the
Breasts
.
But
Nature
hath
implanted
this
aliment
in
the
Eggs
of
Birds
:
but
yet
contrary
to
the
Opinion
of
most
men
,
and
the
Assertion
of
Alcmaeon
Crotoniates
;
for
the
White
is
not
the
Milk
of
the
Egge
,
but
the
Yolk
.
For
as
the
foetus
of
Viviparous
Animals
,
adhering
hitherto
to
their
parent
(
as
the
Plant
doth
to
the
ground
)
attract
their
first
aliment
from
her
womb
:
but
after
their
birth
,
being
then
seated
without
the
Uterus
,
they
suck
milk
from
the
breast
,
and
so
encrease
:
so
the
Chicken
findes
something
proportionable
to
both
these
aliments
in
the
Egge
it self
:
for
as
the
Uterus
of
Viviparous
Animals
is
within
the
parents
themselves
;
so
on
the
contrary
,
in
Oviparous
,
the
parents
themselves
may
be
said
to
be
within
their
Uterus
.
For
an
egg
it
as
it
were
an
exposed
womb
;
wherein
there
is
a
substance
concluded
,
as
the
Representative
,
and
Substitute
or
Vicar
of
the
Breasts
.
For
the
Chicken
in
the
egg
is
first
nourished
by
the
White
,
which
being
exhausted
,
it
is
afterwards
sustained
by
the
Yolk
,
as
by
Milk
.
And
therefore
the
Navel
or
Umbilical
propagation
,
which
is
derived
into
the
White
,
when
the
white
is
spent
,
doth
fade
,
and
break
off
before
the
Chicken
is
hatcht
,
leaving
no
track
or
relique
remaining
,
but
quite
vanisheth
,
before
the
Lower
belly
is
shut
up
in
the
Abdomen
(
when
yet
in
the
race
of
Viviparous
Animals
the
Navel-string
continues
still
:
)
But
as
for
that
other
propagation
of
the
Umbilical
Vessels
,
which
is
disseminated
into
the
yolk
(
when
the
abdomen
is
now
drawn
over
the
guts
)
it
is
,
together
with
the
yolk
it self
,
laid
up
in
the
belly
,
&
thence
attracts
nutriment
for
the
tender
foetus
;
till
the
bill
,
being
now
confirmed
,
&
hardned
,
is
able
to
pick
up
,
and
break
its
meat
into
pieces
,
&
the
Stomack
,
or
Gisard
,
be
fortified
to
digest
it
:
As
the
production
of
Viviparous
Animals
is
sustained
with
milk
from
the
Dug
,
till
it
be
provided
of
teeth
,
by
which
it
may
chew
and
grind
its
food
.
For
the
Yolk
is
instead
of
Milk
to
the
Chicken
:
and
therefore
a
Hen-egge
(
being
to
supply
the
office
both
of
the
Womb
and
Breast
or
Udder
)
is
furnished
with
a
party
coloured
juice
,
namely
the
Yolk
and
White
.
And
as
for
these
two
distinct
Liquors
all
men
living
do
admit
them
;
But
I
,
as
I
lately
told
you
,
have
discovered
even
two
distinct
Whites
in
an
egg
,
divided
by
two
distinct
Membranes
,
the
superior
White
comprehending
another
within
it
;
just
as
the
Yolk
is
comprehended
by
the
White
.
And
these
two
Whites
are
of
a
different
nature
:
being
reserved
in
a
distinct
place
,
and
conteined
or
concluded
in
a
distinct
Membrane
,
and
therefore
designed
to
a
distinct
use
and
intent
.
And
yet
both
are
designed
to
Nutrition
:
but
the
exteriour
is
first
devoured
,
as
having
the
propagations
of
the
Umbilical
Vessels
(
which
are
derived
to
the
Whites
)
first
disseminated
into
it
,
before
they
pass
into
the
other
White
which
is
thicker
then
it
:
just
as
those
very
propagations
do
first
assault
both
the
Whites
,
ere
they
set
upon
the
Yolk
which
is
incompassed
by
them
,
and
which
is
reserved
for
the
last
nourishment
of
the
foetus
.
But
of
this
more
hereafter
,
when
we
come
to
explain
the
manner
,
how
the
foetus
of
Viviparous
Animals
is
formed
,
&
augmented
in
the
Womb
,
and
also
to
demonstrate
,
that
every
foetus
what
ever
doth
derive
its
original
from
an
Egge
;
and
is
susteined
by
a
twofold
Albugineous
Aliment
in
the
Uterus
.
For
one
of
these
is
thinner
,
and
conteined
within
the
Egge
(
or
Conception
)
it self
:
the
other
is
attracted
and
drawn
by
the
Umbilical
Vessels
from
the
Cotyledones
,
or
Orifices
of
the
Vessels
disseminated
into
the
After-birth
,
and
the
Womb.
That
substance
is
conteined
in
the
Conception
it self
,
doth
resemble
the
thinner
White
,
both
in
colour
,
and
consistence
,
for
it
is
glewy
,
liquid
,
and
pellucid
,
and
very
like
that
substance
,
which
we
call
the
Colliquamentum
in
the
Egg
,
and
in
this
the
foetus
swims
,
&
is
fed
by
it
at
the
mouth
.
But
that
which
the
foetus
attracts
by
the
aid
of
his
Umbilical
Vessels
from
the
Placenta
or
After-burden
,
is
more
thick
and
mucous
,
and
very
like
to
the
thicker
White
of
the
egge
.
By
which
it
plainly
appears
,
that
the
foetus
is
no
more
susteined
in
the
Womb
by
his
mothers
blood
,
then
the
sucking
Child
is
afterwards
nourished
by
it
,
or
the
Chicken
in
the
egge
:
but
is
fed
by
an
Albugineous
Matter
,
which
is
concocted
in
the
Placenta
or
Cake
of
the
Womb
;
and
doth
resemble
the
White
of
an
Egge
.
Nor
is
the
contemplation
of
that
divine
providence
lesse
profitable
,
then
wonderful
;
by
which
nature
both
in
the
Generation
and
Growth
of
the
foetus
(
as
taking
into
her
consideration
their
age
,
and
abilities
)
provides
a
convenient
aliment
for
each
of
them
,
accommodating
meats
of
more
easie
to
some
,
and
of
more
difficult
digestion
to
others
.
For
as
the
foetus
attains
a
greater
strength
and
ability
to
digest
;
so
is
a
grosser
and
tougher
aliment
provided
for
him
.
And
this
may
be
observed
even
in
the
diverse
kind
of
Milk
in
Animals
:
for
when
the
Infant
is
new
born
,
the
Mothers
Milk
is
thinner
,
and
of
more
facile
digestion
;
but
in
process
of
time
,
and
the
strength
of
the
foetus
being
now
improved
,
it
growes
thicker
and
more
coagulated
.
And
therefore
those
choice
and
delicate
Dames
,
which
do
not
suckle
their
Infants
themselves
,
are
injurious
to
their
Childrens
welfare
;
for
since
mercenary
Nurses
are
for
the
most
part
of
a
ranker
constitution
,
then
they
:
and
so
have
older
Milk
,
and
more
coagulated
,
and
consequently
of
harder
digestion
;
it
often
falls
out
,
that
the
Infants
which
are
born
of
such
Mothers
cannot
away
with
the
Milk
of
such
Nurses
(
especially
about
the
time
of
breeding
their
Teeth
)
but
by
reason
of
crudities
,
or
corrupted
Milk
,
are
tormented
with
Feavers
,
Loosness
,
Vomitings
,
Paines
in
the
Guts
,
Coughs
,
and
Epilepsies
,
and
the
like
.
That
which
Fabricius
affirms
,
and
indeavours
to
strengthen
with
certain
arguments
:
namely
,
that
the
Chalazae
are
the
subject
matter
of
the
Nor
is
it
true
that
the
chalazae
(
which
he
conceivs
the
cocks
seed
doth
fructifie
)
do
supply
the
office
of
seed
,
that
so
the
chicken
might
be
made
out
of
them
.
Neither
do
the
chalazae
so
represent
the
seed
,
in
colour
,
substance
,
or
propriety
of
body
(
as
he
would
or
so
resemble
the
picture
of
a
chicken
in
an
egge
that
is
boiled
,
that
we
ought
of
right
to
conceive
all
the
spermatical
parts
to
be
thence
extracted
.
But
we
are
rather
to
conceive
that
the
colliquamentum
mentioned
by
us
,
or
the
thinner
part
of
the
white
resolved
,
and
concocted
,
doth
put
on
the
nature
of
seed
,
and
supply
its
place
,
as
our
eyes
may
evidence
.
And
therefore
that
contemplation
of
this
reverend
sage
is
too
supi●e
,
where
he
saith
:
Since
the
whole
substance
of
the
Animal
is
constituted
of
two
different
,
and
contrary
bodies
;
namely
,
hot
,
and
cold
,
(
all
the
red
and
sanguineous
parts
being
hot
,
as
the
Liver
,
Heart
,
Spleen
,
Reins
,
Lungs
,
and
in
short
all
the
fleshy
,
and
musculous
parts
:
and
on
the
contrary
,
all
the
White
and
Bloodless
,
as
the
Ligaments
,
Nerves
,
Bones
,
Gristles
;
and
all
the
Membranous
parts
,
as
the
Stomack
,
Guts
,
Womb
,
the
Pericardium
,
or
Purse
of
the
Heart
and
the
like
,
are
cold
)
these
two
diverse
kind
of
parts
,
do
,
without
question
,
require
a
diverse
,
and
yet
a
like
Aliment
to
sustein
them
;
if
that
position
be
true
,
namely
,
ex
iisdem
nutrimur
,
ex
quibus
constamus
,
we
are
nourished
by
the
same
substances
,
out
of
the
which
we
are
made
.
Therefore
of
right
,
do
the
Spermatical
cold
,
and
white
parts
,
require
a
white
and
cold
Aliment
;
but
the
Sanguineous
,
the
red
,
and
hot
parts
,
require
a
red
and
hot
sustenance
.
And
therefore
of
good
right
is
the
White
of
the
Egg
,
which
is
cold
and
bloodless
,
deputed
to
nourish
the
cold
;
white
,
and
bloodless
parts
;
but
the
Yolk
,
as
being
a
hot
,
red
,
and
sanguineous
Liquor
,
substituted
to
the
hot
,
and
sanguineous
.
For
by
this
means
all
the
parts
of
the
Animal
,
may
cater
and
procure
for
themselves
a
convenient
and
familiar
nutriment
.
For
we
do
by
no
means
consent
,
that
the
diverse
parts
of
the
egge
,
are
ordeined
to
nourish
the
diverse
parts
of
the
chicken
,
having
formerly
shewed
,
that
the
Heart
,
Lungs
,
Reins
,
Liver
,
Muscles
,
Ligaments
,
and
all
the
parts
of
the
whole
body
,
do
appear
white
and
bloodless
at
the
first
.
And
upon
this
argument
of
Fabricius
,
it
would
insue
,
that
the
Heart
,
Lungs
,
Liver
,
Spleen
,
&c.
are
not
Spermatical
parts
,
or
constituted
out
of
the
Seed
:
(
which
he
will
upon
no
terms
consent
to
)
because
they
also
are
afterwards
fed
,
and
increased
by
Blood
;
for
all
things
are
made
,
and
nourished
by
one
and
the
same
thing
;
because
nutrition
is
onely
a
substitution
of
a
like
substance
into
the
room
of
that
which
is
lost
.
Nor
will
it
less
distract
him
to
make
answer
,
how
(
when
the
white
is
now
clean
exhausted
)
the
cold
,
and
white
parts
(
namely
,
the
Ligaments
,
Bones
,
Brain
,
Spinal-Marrow
,
&c.
)
are
likewise
nourished
,
and
inlarged
by
the
Yolk
,
the
Yolk
being
no
less
a
disproportionated
aliment
to
these
,
then
the
White
is
to
the
hot
,
red
,
and
sanguineous
parts
.
Nay
,
according
to
the
fore-cited
opinion
,
the
hot
,
and
sanguineous
parts
are
to
be
the
post-genit
parts
,
or
born
last
:
that
is
,
the
Flesh
after
the
Bones
;
the
Liver
,
and
the
Lungs
after
the
Ligaments
and
Guts
:
and
the
cold
parts
of
the
body
are
to
be
upon
the
Forge
all
the
while
the
White
is
consuming
;
and
after
them
the
hot
,
when
the
Yolk
begins
to
decline
and
wash
it self
away
to
supply
their
growth
:
so
that
all
the
parts
could
not
possiby
arise
out
of
the
same
Whites
.
But
all
these
matters
are
confuted
by
ocular
experiment
.
To
confirm
this
:
the
Egges
,
or
Spawn
of
Cartilagineous
Fishes
(
namely
,
the
Ray
,
the
Fork-fish
,
and
the
Dog-fish
)
are
partly
coloured
,
and
have
a
well
complexioned
Yolk
;
and
yet
all
the
parts
of
those
very
fishes
(
even
the
Parenchyma
of
the
Liver
it self
)
appears
white
,
cold
,
and
bloodless
.
And
on
the
contrary
,
I
have
seen
a
race
of
Hens
and
Cocks
,
which
are
of
a
large
stature
,
their
feathers
blackish
,
their
flesh
full
of
blood
,
and
their
Liver
more
ruddy
then
ordinary
;
and
yet
their
egges
,
even
the
fertile
ones
,
have
exceeding
pale
Yolks
,
of
no
deeper
a
yellow
then
the
straw
of
ripe
Barly
.
Fabricius
in
the
subsequent
words
,
seems
to
retract
his
former
speeches
:
saying
,
But
one
thing
is
very
wonderful
both
in
the
Yolk
and
White
;
that
neither
of
them
being
blood
,
yet
they
are
so
neer
of
kin
to
blood
,
that
they
are
but
little
different
from
it
,
and
a
small
matter
keeps
them
from
being
,
very
blood
it selfe
:
and
therefore
a
little
paines
,
and
a
slender
concoction
sufficeth
to
convert
them
into
blood
.
And
this
is
the
reason
why
we
alwaies
discover
those
Veins
and
Arteries
which
are
propagated
into
the
membranes
of
the
Yolk
and
White
to
be
full
of
blood
;
and
yet
the
Yolk
and
White
abide
still
in
their
own
nature
:
but
so
soon
as
either
of
the
two
is
attracted
into
the
Vessels
,
it
presently
transforms
into
blood
;
so
neer
allyed
are
they
to
blood
.
Now
if
it
is
most
certain
,
that
blood
is
no
less
conteined
in
those
propagations
of
the
Veins
which
are
disseminated
into
the
White
,
then
in
those
that
are
derived
into
the
Yolk
:
and
each
of
these
Liquors
is
so
neerly
related
to
blood
,
that
a
very
smal
matter
will
procure
their
transmigration
into
it
;
who
will
deny
,
that
the
blood
,
and
consequently
all
the
Sanguineous
parts
are
as
well
nourished
and
inlarged
by
the
White
,
as
by
the
Yolk
.
Hereupon
Fabricius
provides
for
his
retreat
:
saying
,
Though
all
this
be
true
,
yet
we
are
to
conceive
,
that
this
substance
,
which
is
attracted
from
the
Yolk
and
White
by
the
Veins
,
is
blood
in
that
maner
only
,
as
Chyle
is
in
the
Meseraick
Veins
;
in
which
there
is
nothing
discoverable
but
meer
blood
;
whereas
the
Chyle
hath
onely
received
the
shadow
of
blood
,
and
is
to
be
compleated
in
the
Liver
;
so
that
substance
attracted
by
the
Veins
out
of
the
Yolk
and
White
,
presently
puts
in
the
shadow
and
resemblance
of
blood
,
&c.
Well
,
be
it
so
:
yet
though
he
lurk
in
this
shadow
,
he
doth
not
salve
the
doubt
,
which
is
,
why
the
Blood
,
and
sanguineous
parts
may
not
,
for
the
fore-cited
reasons
,
be
as
well
nourished
by
the
White
as
the
Yolk
.
If
he
had
said
,
that
the
hotter
parts
,
are
rather
nourished
by
that
blood
(
or
Aliment
conteined
in
the
blood
,
which
is
proportionable
to
the
Chyle
)
which
is
attracted
out
of
the
Yolk
,
then
out
of
the
White
:
and
so
on
the
contrary
,
that
the
cold
parts
are
supplied
rather
by
that
Nutriment
which
the
Veins
transport
from
the
White
,
then
from
the
Yolk
,
I
should
not
have
much
opposed
him
.
The
main
thing
that
disturbs
him
in
this
business
,
is
this
,
how
the
Blood
can
be
made
in
the
Egge
;
or
what
Artificer
can
transform
the
two
Liquors
into
blood
,
when
there
is
yet
no
Liver
in
Being
?
For
he
could
not
say
that
the
blood
in
the
Egge
is
derived
from
the
Mothers
blood
.
But
saith
,
This
blood
is
rather
wrought
in
the
Veins
then
in
the
Liver
:
but
it
becomes
a
bone
,
a
gristle
,
or
flesh
,
&c.
in
the
parts
themselves
,
where
it
is
exactly
concocted
,
and
assimulated
,
without
any
farther
addition
at
all
;
not
signifying
by
whom
the
blood
which
is
in
the
Veins
dispersed
both
into
the
Yolk
and
White
,
is
concocted
,
elaborated
,
and
made
perfect
,
when
as
yet
no
Liver
at
all
is
extant
,
or
any
particle
of
the
body
,
that
might
concoct
or
compleat
it
.
And
when
he
had
formerly
said
,
that
the
cold
parts
are
nourished
by
the
White
,
the
hot
by
the
Yolk
;
not
mindful
of
his
assertion
,
he
here
concludes
the
quite
contrary
,
viz.
that
the
same
blood
doth
transmigrate
into
bones
,
gristles
,
flesh
,
and
other
parts
.
But
he
lets
that
grand
difficulty
,
which
so
much
disouiets
the
Physitians
minds
,
glide
by
in
silence
,
without
taking
any
knowledge
of
it
:
namely
,
how
the
Liver
can
be
the
Original
and
Author
of
the
blood
:
seeing
that
blood
is
not
onely
found
in
the
egge
,
before
any
one
of
the
bowels
are
framed
at
all
:
but
Physitians
themselves
do
teach
,
that
all
the
substance
or
Parenchyma
of
the
bowels
themselves
,
are
meerly
so
many
affusions
;
or
confluxes
of
blood
.
Is
the
Effect
,
the
Author
of
its
own
Efficient
?
If
the
Parenchyma
of
the
Liver
is
made
of
blood
,
how
can
the
Liver
be
the
cause
of
blood
?
And
the
insuing
passages
are
of
the
same
batch
,
where
he
saith
:
There
is
also
another
use
of
the
White
,
when
it
is
now
segregated
from
the
Yolk
:
namely
,
that
the
foetus
may
swimme
in
it
,
and
so
be
susteined
,
lest
tending
downwards
by
his
own
weight
,
hee
might
incline
to
one
part
rather
then
another
,
and
so
drawing
the
Vessels
along
with
him
,
might
break
them
in
sunder
:
and
to
this
use
the
purity
and
tenacity
of
the
White
do
conduce
.
For
if
the
foetus
should
take
up
his
residence
in
the
Yolk
,
he
would
easily
descend
down
into
the
bottome
,
and
so
disorder
and
break
the
Yolk
also
.
A
very
weak
construction
this
!
For
what
doth
the
purity
of
the
White
availe
to
the
sustentation
of
the
Chicken
?
Or
how
can
the
White
which
is
more
thin
,
better
support
the
Chicken
,
then
the
Yolk
which
is
thicker
and
more
gross
then
it
?
Or
what
danger
is
there
,
that
the
Chicken
should
fall
down
?
Since
the
egge
in
Incubation
lies
always
side-long
,
so
that
there
is
no
fear
of
ascent
,
or
falling
down
.
True
it
is
,
indeed
,
that
not
only
the
Chicken
,
but
every
foetus
whatsoever
(
while
it
is
forming
)
doth
swim
:
but
that
innatation
is
in
the
Colliquamentum
spoken
of
by
us
,
and
not
in
the
Yolk
or
White
:
and
we
have
rendered
the
reason
thereof
elsewhere
.
Aristotle
(
saith
he
)
Writes
,
that
when
the
Chicken
is
conceived
,
the
Yolk
ascends
to
the
Obtuse
Angle
of
the
Egge
,
and
the
reason
is
,
because
the
Chicken
is
formed
out
of
the
Chalaza
,
which
adhereth
to
the
Yolk
;
whereupon
it
behooves
the
Yolk
,
which
is
placed
in
the
middle
to
mount
up
to
the
larger
part
of
the
Egge
;
that
so
the
Chicken
may
be
there
made
,
where
there
is
a
natural
cavity
,
very
necessary
to
the
welfare
of
the
Chicken
.
But
the
Chalaza
is
more
fastened
to
the
White
,
then
to
the
Yolk
.
But
the
reason
of
that
ascent
of
the
Yolk
is
this
;
the
Macula
or
litle
cicatrice
which
appears
in
the
coat
of
the
Yolk
,
is
by
reason
of
the
spirituous
colliquamentum
which
is
bred
in
it
,
dilated
;
and
thereupon
requiring
more
roome
,
doth
tend
towards
the
Obtuse
Angle
of
the
Egge
:
and
so
likewise
that
portion
of
the
Yolk
and
White
which
is
melted
,
is
distended
,
and
being
now
grown
more
concocted
and
spirituous
,
doth
swimme
upon
the
other
parts
that
remaine
crude
:
as
those
parts
of
water
which
are
warmed
in
any
vessels
,
arise
from
the
bottome
up
to
the
top
:
an
experiment
approved
by
all
Physitians
,
who
holding
the
Urinal
conteining
a
thick
and
troubled
Urine
in
warm
water
,
do
perceive
the
upper
part
thereof
,
to
clear
and
grow
transparent
first
.
This
following
Instance
will
explain
the
matter
.
There
is
a
device
known
to
most
men
,
which
is
intended
rather
for
a
jocular
bable
to
gaze
upon
and
laugh
at
,
then
for
any
useful
implement
;
namely
,
a
certain
Glass-globe
,
which
is
almost
filled
up
with
clear
water
,
wherein
several
Glass-balls
which
are
fraught
with
nothing
but
Air
,
do
swim
upon
the
surface
of
that
water
,
which
by
reason
of
their
levity
do
support
several
figures
(
of
quivered
Cupids
,
armed
Centaures
,
Chariots
of
the
Sun
,
and
the
like
)
which
else
would
all
sink
down
to
the
bottom
.
So
in
like
manner
,
this
Oculus
pulli
,
this
Eye
of
the
Chicken
as
I
terme
it
,
or
first
Colliquation
,
being
dilated
by
the
heat
of
the
Sitting-Hen
,
and
the
Genital
vertue
in
the
Egge
,
and
so
made
lighter
,
ascends
to
the
top
,
and
draws
up
the
Yolk
to
which
it
adheres
together
with
it
.
Hereupon
the
thicker
White
gives
place
to
it
,
and
the
Chalazae
retire
to
the
sides
of
the
Egge
,
because
the
Cicatricula
,
which
was
formerly
fituate
in
the
side
of
the
egge
,
now
mounteth
directly
upward
.
Of
the
Uses
of
the
other
parts
of
the
Egge
.
EXER
.
LXI
.
THe
Shell
is
hard
and
thick
,
that
so
it
may
fence
the
Liquors
,
and
the
Chicken
which
dwells
in
them
,
from
outward
injuries
.
But
yet
it
is
brittle
,
and
especially
in
the
Obtuse
end
,
and
neer
the
time
of
the
exclusion
of
the
Chicken
,
lest
it
might
obstruct
the
Chickens
Exit
.
This
Shell
is
also
porous
,
for
while
an
egge
(
especially
a
new-laid
one
)
is
in
roasting
before
the
fire
,
it
doth
breath
out
a
kind
of
sweat
,
trickling
down
,
as
it
were
,
drop
by
drop
.
Now
these
pores
are
useful
for
Ventilation
,
as
also
for
the
more
easie
penetration
of
the
heat
which
results
from
the
Sitting
Hen
;
and
likewise
that
the
Chicken
may
attract
aire
from
without
:
for
as
we
have
said
before
,
the
chicken
doth
,
without
all
question
,
both
breath
,
and
cry
before
his
exclusion
.
The
Membranes
serve
to
contein
the
Liquors
,
and
therefore
they
are
as
many
in
number
,
as
the
liquors
are
.
And
the
Colliquamentum
also
,
so
soon
as
it
is
in
being
,
is
presently
invested
in
its
owne
proper
tunicle
:
as
Aristotle
did
imply
in
these
words
.
A
membrane
also
,
variegated
with
sanguineous
Hist.
an
.
l.
6.
c.
3.
fibres
,
doth
now
incompass
the
white
Liquor
,
&c.
But
now
when
the
exclusion
of
the
Pullus
is
at
hand
,
and
the
White
and
Colliquamentum
are
exhausted
,
all
the
Membranes
(
excepting
onely
that
which
embraceth
the
Yolk
)
are
dried
away
,
and
vanish
:
but
that
membrane
is
together
with
the
Yolk
drawn
into
the
Peritonaeum
,
and
concluded
in
the
lower
Belly
.
Now
of
these
membranes
,
two
are
common
to
the
whole
egg
,
which
they
do
immediatly
comprehend
next
under
the
Shell
;
but
the
other
are
proper
membranes
,
relating
to
the
White
,
the
Yolk
,
and
the
Colliquamentum
:
but
they
all
of
them
serve
to
the
preservation
,
and
distinction
of
those
parts
which
they
embrace
.
Of
the
two
Common
coats
,
the
exteriour
which
doth
stick
to
the
Shell
,
is
the
tighter
,
that
so
it
may
not
suffer
violence
by
the
neighbourhood
of
the
Shell
,
but
the
interiour
is
smooth
and
soft
,
that
so
it
may
not
prejudice
the
Liquors
,
as
the
Meninges
or
membranes
called
dura
and
pia
mater
,
do
defend
the
Braine
,
from
the
roughness
of
the
Scull
.
The
interiour
,
and
proper
membranes
do
,
(
as
I
have
said
)
embrace
,
and
distinguish
the
Liquors
:
whereupon
they
are
very
thinne
,
transparent
and
fraile
.
Fabricius
doth
indeed
highly
extoll
the
Chalazae
,
(
as
those
parts
out
of
which
he
conceived
the
Chicken
was
framed
)
but
as
for
the
Macula
,
or
litle
Cicatrice
,
which
is
bred
adhering
to
the
tunicle
of
the
yolk
;
he
concludes
it
to
be
a
useless
thing
,
esteeming
it
to
be
no
more
then
a
bare
relique
or
remainder
of
the
stalk
broken
off
from
the
Vitellary
,
or
superiour
Uterus
of
the
Hen.
For
(
according
to
his
perswasion
)
the
yolk
did
formerly
attract
its
sustenance
through
that
stalk
,
or
the
Vessels
passing
through
it
;
but
the
yolk
being
now
no
longer
nourished
by
the
Hen
,
but
disjoined
from
the
Ovary
,
there
still
continues
a
sign
or
track
of
the
former
conjunction
,
and
the
benefits
received
thereby
.
But
I
on
the
contrary
apprehend
,
that
there
is
no
other
use
of
the
Chalazae
,
beyond
that
which
I
formerly
observed
;
namely
,
that
they
should
be
as
the
Poles
of
that
Microcosme
,
and
the
ends
or
connexions
of
all
the
membranes
wound
up
together
,
whereby
the
liquors
are
not
onely
continued
each
in
their
proper
places
,
but
also
retain
a
just
and
convenient
position
in
relation
to
one
another
.
But
as
for
the
fore-said
Macula
,
I
am
certain
,
that
it
is
of
the
greatest
concern
and
consequence
of
all
;
as
being
the
chief
Center
of
the
Egg
,
wherein
the
Innate
heat
hovers
and
lurks
,
and
out
of
which
,
as
out
of
the
first
spark
,
the
soul
her self
is
lighted
;
and
lastly
,
for
whose
sake
,
all
the
liquors
,
and
their
respective
coverings
are
constituted
,
and
made
.
Heretofore
,
indeed
,
I
was
of
Fabricius
his
mind
,
deeming
this
litle
Cicatrice
to
be
nothing
else
but
the
remainder
or
track
of
the
stalk
broken
of
;
but
afterwards
,
upon
more
accurate
observation
,
I
discovered
,
that
the
stalk
,
whereunto
the
yolk
is
annexed
,
is
not
inserted
into
any
litle
cranny
or
cavity
of
the
yolk
(
as
it
is
with
the
stalks
of
Apples
,
and
Plumms
)
and
that
so
some
track
or
print
of
the
connexion
or
dependance
which
the
yolk
once
had
upon
the
Ovary
,
should
continue
in
it
;
but
that
the
stalk
,
before
it
arrives
to
the
Yolk
from
the
Cluster
,
is
all
the
way
dilated
into
a
round
,
(
like
a
litle
trumpet
)
that
so
it
may
encompass
the
horizon
,
or
the
circle
of
the
Yolk
,
which
divides
it
into
two
parts
;
(
as
the
Tunica
Amphiblestroides
,
or
tunicle
which
resembleth
a
litle
round
Casting-Net
,
doth
the
Egg
)
so
that
the
superiour
part
of
the
Yolk
,
or
Hemisphere
,
which
looketh
towards
the
Cluster
,
is
quite
free
from
any
contact
or
coherence
of
the
stalk
,
&
yet
the
fore-mentioned
Macula
,
or
litle
Cicatrice
,
is
seated
upon
the
superiour
part
of
that
litle
cup
,
or
portion
of
the
membrane
of
the
Yolk
;
(
something
inclining
towards
the
side
)
so
that
this
Macula
can
upon
no
terms
be
said
to
be
the
print
of
the
stalk
broken
off
from
the
Yolk
.
But
of
how
great
importance
this
macula
is
in
the
generation
of
the
Chicken
,
hath
already
been
discovered
in
our
History
.
It
now
remains
,
that
following
the
stepps
of
Fabricius
,
who
was
formerly
my
Tutor
,
and
is
now
my
Guide
,
I
should
declare
the
uses
of
that
Cavity
which
is
in
the
obtuse
part
of
the
Egge
.
Fabricius
recounts
several
conveniences
arising
from
it
,
according
to
its
several
magnitude
:
which
I
shall
declare
in
short
,
saying
,
It
contains
aire
in
it
,
and
is
therefore
commodious
to
the
Ventilation
of
the
Egge
,
to
the
Respiration
,
Transpiration
,
and
Refrigeration
,
and
lastly
to
the
Vociferation
of
the
Chicken
.
Whereupon
,
that
Cavity
is
at
the
first
very
litle
,
afterwards
greater
,
and
at
last
greatest
of
all
,
according
as
the
several
recited
uses
do
require
.
And
thus
farre
have
we
discoursed
,
concerning
the
Generation
of
the
Egge
and
Chicken
,
and
the
Uses
of
all
the
parts
of
the
Egge
;
according
to
which
discourse
,
we
are
to
conclude
and
give
judgment
concerning
all
kinds
of
Oviparous
productions
.
We
are
now
to
declare
the
manner
of
the
Generation
of
Viviparous
animals
,
according
to
the
example
and
pattern
of
the
Generation
of
some
one
Viviparous
Animal
which
is
perfectly
known
,
and
discovered
,
by
us
.
That
an
Egg
is
the
Common
Original
of
all
Animals
.
EXER
.
LXII
.
ANimals
,
saith
Aristotle
,
have
this
in
common
together
with
Plants
;
that
some
do
spring
out
of
Hist.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
1.
seed
,
and
some
of
their
own
accord
:
for
as
Plants
do
either
arise
from
the
seed
of
other
Plants
,
or
else
spring
up
of
their
own
accord
,
having
attained
some
principle
fit
for
their
production
:
and
some
of
them
do
attract
aliment
to
themselves
out
of
the
earth
,
and
some
again
are
bred
in
other
plants
:
so
some
Animals
are
generated
by
the
cognation
or
affinity
of
their
form
;
and
some
of
their
own
accord
,
no
seed
at
all
proceeding
which
is
of
kin
to
them
:
whereof
some
are
generated
out
of
putrefied
earth
or
plants
,
(
as
several
Insects
)
others
are
begotten
in
Animals
themselves
,
and
out
of
the
excrements
of
their
parts
.
But
this
is
common
to
all
those
(
whether
they
be
generated
of
their
own
accord
,
or
else
in
other
Animals
,
or
out
of
the
putrefaction
of
their
parts
,
or
their
excrements
)
namely
,
to
arise
out
of
some
principle
fit
for
that
purpose
,
and
by
some
efficient
contained
in
that
principle
:
so
that
All
living
creatures
must
of
necessity
have
a
principle
out
of
which
,
and
by
which
they
are
begotten
.
Give
me
leave
to
call
this
principle
,
Primordium
vegetale
,
the
vegetal
principle
;
namely
,
some
corporeal
substance
,
having
life
in
it
in
potentiâ
,
or
something
subsisting
of
it selfe
,
which
is
apt
to
be
transformed
into
a
vegetative
form
,
by
some
internal
principle
acting
in
it
:
Namely
,
such
a
principle
as
the
Egge
,
and
the
seed
of
Plants
is
:
such
is
the
conception
of
Viviparous
Animals
,
and
the
Worm
of
Insects
,
as
Aristotle
calls
it
:
the
principles
of
divers
Animals
being
also
diverse
,
according
to
the
diversitie
of
which
principles
,
the
manner
of
the
generation
of
Animals
is
diverse
likewise
:
and
yet
they
all
consent
and
agree
in
this
,
that
they
spring
from
a
vegetal
principle
,
as
out
of
a
matter
indowed
with
an
efficient
or
productive
virtue
;
but
differ
,
in
that
this
principle
doth
either
result
casually
,
or
of
its
own
accord
,
or
else
proceed
from
something
pre-existent
,
(
as
the
fruit
thereof
.
)
Whereupon
those
Animals
are
called
sponte
nascentia
,
spontaneous
productions
,
these
à
parentibus
genita
,
ofsprings
derived
from
their
parents
.
They
are
also
distinguished
from
their
manner
of
Birth
;
for
some
of
them
are
Oviparous
,
others
Viviparous
:
to
which
Aristotle
addeth
Hist.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
5.
Vermiparous
.
But
if
we
may
distinguish
them
,
as
they
fall
under
sense
,
there
are
onely
two
Species
or
sorts
of
productions
;
namely
,
these
:
all
Animals
do
either
produce
an
Animal
Actu
,
actually
;
or
potentiâ
,
potentially
.
Those
Animals
which
produce
an
Animal
actu
,
are
called
Viviparous
;
and
those
that
produce
an
Animal
in
potentiâ
,
Oviparous
.
For
every
principle
which
is
only
alive
in
potentiâ
,
we
(
with
Fabricius
)
do
conceive
,
ought
to
be
called
Ovum
,
an
Egge
:
and
as
for
that
principle
which
Aristotle
calls
Vermis
,
a
Worm
,
we
do
not
at
all
distinguish
it
ab
Ovo
,
from
an
Egg
;
and
that
because
it
looks
like
one
to
the
eye
,
and
also
because
that
indistinction
seems
consonant
to
reason
.
For
that
Vegetal
Principle
,
which
is
alive
in
potentiâ
,
is
also
an
Animal
in
potentiâ
.
Nor
is
that
distinction
which
Aristotle
puts
between
an
Egge
,
and
a
Worm
,
to
be
allowed
of
;
for
he
calls
that
an
Egge
,
ex
cujus
parte
fit
Animal
,
out
of
part
of
which
an
Animal
is
made
:
quod
autem
totum
mutatur
,
Gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
7.
Hist.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
5.
nec
ex
parte
ejus
Animal
gignitur
,
est
Vermis
:
and
that
a
Worm
,
which
is
wholly
transformed
,
and
doth
not
produce
an
Animal
out
of
some
part
of
it
only
.
But
now
these
two
do
both
agree
in
this
,
that
they
are
productions
not
yet
alive
,
but
Animals
onely
in
potentiâ
;
and
therefore
are
both
Eggs.
And
Aristotle
himself
calls
the
very
same
things
Hist.
an
.
l.
5.
c.
29.
Ibid.
c.
30.
Worms
in
one
place
,
and
Eggs
in
another
:
And
treating
of
Locusts
,
saith
,
There
eggs
are
corrupted
in
Autumn
,
when
it
is
wet
weather
:
and
(
speaking
of
Grashoppers
)
When
the
litle
worm
,
saith
he
,
groweth
in
the
ground
,
it
becomes
Tettigometra
,
a
Grasshopper-matrix
:
and
a
litle
after
,
The
females
taste
the
sweeter
after
coition
;
for
they
have
white
egges
.
Nay
,
in
that
very
place
,
where
he
had
raised
a
distinction
between
a
Worm
and
an
Egge
,
hee
adds
;
Gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
9.
But
all
this
kinde
of
litle
worms
,
when
it
hath
attained
the
end
of
its
magnitude
,
is
made
a
kinde
of
Egge
;
for
their
shell
doth
harden
,
and
so
long
they
continue
without
motion
:
which
is
apparent
in
the
worms
of
Bees
,
and
Wasps
,
and
also
in
the
Canker-worm
.
And
indeed
every
body
may
see
,
that
the
first
rudiments
of
Spiders
,
Silkworms
,
and
other
Insects
,
are
to
be
no
less
ranked
in
the
classis
and
scale
of
Eggs
,
then
the
spawn
,
or
Egges
of
Fishes
which
have
softer
shells
,
or
of
Fishes
which
have
no
shells
at
all
,
and
almost
of
all
sort
of
fishes
whatsoever
:
which
Spawn
of
theirs
is
not
actually
an
animate
body
,
but
yet
Animals
are
begotten
out
of
them
.
Since
therefore
those
creatures
which
do
produce
actu
Animal
,
a
Creature
actually
alive
,
are
called
Viviparous
:
doubtless
,
those
Animals
which
do
bring
forth
a
creature
which
is
alive
in
potentiâ
,
must
be
called
Oviparous
Animals
,
or
else
they
cannot
be
comprehended
under
any
Common
notion
;
especially
,
seeing
such
Productions
are
vegetal
Rudiments
,
proportionable
to
the
seeds
of
Plants
,
such
as
an
egge
also
is
allowed
to
be
.
We
must
therefore
conclude
,
that
all
Animals
are
either
Viviparous
,
or
Oviparous
.
But
because
there
are
several
species
of
Oviparous
Animals
,
therefore
the
difference
of
Eggs
is
also
several
.
For
any
kinde
of
Rudiment
is
not
a
competent
Recipient
of
every
kinde
of
animal
form
.
Though
therefore
Eggs
in
a
large
or
general
acceptation
do
not
differ
,
yet
since
some
are
perfect
,
and
some
imperfect
,
they
are
justly
distinguished
.
Perfect
Eggs
we
call
those
,
which
are
perfected
in
the
Uterus
,
and
obtain
there
a
requisite
magnitude
,
before
they
are
layed
:
as
the
Eggs
of
Fowle
.
But
those
we
call
Imperfect
,
which
are
excluded
ere
they
are
ripe
,
and
have
not
yet
attained
their
just
bulk
,
but
do
expect
that
abroad
,
after
they
are
layed
;
as
the
Spawn
or
Eggs
of
Fishes
,
that
have
a
softer
shell
,
and
of
Fishes
which
have
none
at
all
;
and
likewise
the
Rudiments
of
Insects
(
which
Aristotle
calls
Worms
)
are
to
be
listed
in
this
rank
:
as
also
the
Rudiments
of
those
Creatures
which
are
spontaneous
productions
.
Moreover
,
though
some
kindes
of
perfect
Egges
are
party-coloured
,
as
being
compounded
of
a
yolk
and
white
;
yet
some
of
them
are
only
of
one
single
colour
,
as
constituted
of
a
white
alone
:
so
also
amongst
imperfect
Eggs
,
others
are
properly
so
called
,
as
out
of
which
a
perfect
Animal
is
produced
,
as
out
of
the
Egges
of
Fishes
:
and
others
improperly
,
from
whence
an
imperfect
Animal
proceeds
;
namely
,
a
Worm
,
or
Canker-worm
;
which
is
a
kinde
of
Medium
between
a
perfect
,
and
an
imperfect
Egge
:
which
in
respect
or
comparison
of
its
own
egge
,
or
Rudiment
from
whence
it
sprung
,
is
an
Animal
indowed
with
Sense
and
Motion
,
and
doth
nourish
it self
;
but
in
comparison
of
a
Flye
,
or
Butterflie
,
whose
rudiment
is
in
potentiâ
,
it
is
to
be
counted
no
better
then
a
crawling-egge
,
sustaining
it selfe
:
like
to
a
Canker-worm
,
which
having
now
attained
its
perfect
magnitude
,
is
transformed
into
an
Aurelia
,
or
perfect
Egge
;
and
now
ceasing
to
move
any
longer
,
like
a
very
Egge
indeed
,
is
an
Animal
in
potentiâ
.
In
like
manner
,
though
there
are
some
Eggs
,
out
of
whose
whole
and
entire
substance
(
by
a
Metamorphosis
,
or
Transformation
)
a
perfect
Animal
is
formed
,
which
is
not
fed
by
any
remaining
portion
of
the
Egge
,
but
instantly
seeks
out
for
its
maintenance
abroad
:
and
other
Eggs
,
out
of
part
of
which
a
Foetus
is
constituted
,
and
nourished
by
the
remainder
;
though
(
I
say
)
there
are
so
many
several
sorts
and
diversities
of
Eggs
,
yet
nothing
stands
in
the
way
,
to
forbid
those
to
be
called
Eggs
,
which
Aristotle
stiles
Worms
,
(
if
we
may
give
judgement
upon
things
,
according
as
they
discover
themselves
to
our
sense
and
reason
)
since
they
are
all
Vegetal
principles
,
not
actually
Animals
,
but
in
potentiâ
,
&
the
true
seeds
of
Animals
,
proportionable
to
the
seeds
of
Plants
;
as
we
have
long
since
demonstrated
in
a
Hen-egg
.
All
Animals
therefore
,
are
Viviparous
,
or
Oviparous
;
because
they
either
produce
an
Animal
actually
alive
,
or
else
an
Egge
,
or
Rudiment
,
which
is
an
Animal
,
not
actu
,
but
in
potentiâ
.
The
Generation
therefore
of
all
Oviparous
Animals
may
be
reduced
to
the
example
of
Hen-eggs
,
or
at
least
be
easily
deduced
from
thence
:
because
the
same
things
which
are
related
in
their
history
,
may
be
discovered
in
the
rest
of
Viviparous
creatures
.
But
hereafter
,
when
we
treat
of
the
Generation
of
Insects
,
and
of
Spontaneous
productions
,
we
shall
discover
how
each
of
them
are
either
differenced
amongst
themselves
,
or
do
else
agree
.
For
since
every
generation
is
a
path-way
to
the
attaining
of
the
form
of
every
Animal
:
according
as
Animals
are
either
like
,
or
unlike
one
another
,
so
that
their
parts
do
neither
specifically
,
nor
generically
agree
;
so
likewise
is
it
usuall
in
their
Generations
.
For
Nature
,
who
is
a
Perfect
Operatrix
,
and
consonant
to
her self
in
her
Operations
,
doth
design
Parts
that
are
alike
,
to
Operations
and
Functions
that
are
alike
and
agree
;
and
so
likewise
to
the
attainment
of
the
same
form
,
and
the
same
end
,
she
treads
the
same
steps
,
and
persists
alwaies
in
the
same
method
in
the
Generation
of
Animals
.
Hereupon
,
in
every
perfect
party-coloured
egge
of
any
fowle
whatever
(
which
is
compounded
of
a
Yolk
and
White
,
and
fenced
with
a
Shell
)
as
we
have
still
observed
the
same
parts
,
as
are
in
a
Hen-egg
,
so
have
we
ever
found
the
same
order
and
method
of
generating
,
and
constituting
the
foetus
(
as
in
a
Hen-egg
.
)
And
the
self
same
things
may
also
be
observed
in
the
Eggs
of
Serpents
,
and
all
Oviparous
four-footed
Animals
,
as
the
Tortoise
,
Froggs
,
and
Lizards
;
as
from
whose
perfect
and
party-coloured
egges
,
the
foetus
is
framed
and
produced
,
the
same
way
,
as
in
others
of
the
like
kinde
.
But
how
Spiders
,
and
the
softer
Shell-fish
,
as
Lobsters
,
and
Shrimps
,
and
the
race
of
Fishes
that
have
scales
and
no
shells
,
as
the
Cuttle-fish
and
the
Calamire
do
get
out
of
their
Eggs
,
or
Spawn
;
as
also
how
Worms
,
and
Catterpillars
do
first
creep
out
of
the
Eggs
of
Insects
,
out
of
which
,
at
length
retreating
into
the
worm
or
vermine
called
Aurelia
,
(
as
into
other
new
eggs
again
)
at
last
a
common
Flie
,
or
Butterflie
is
generated
;
how
these
Creatures
,
I
say
,
doe
differ
in
their
Generation
out
of
Eggs
,
from
the
brood
arising
out
of
Hen-eggs
,
shall
be
declared
in
its
due
place
.
Lastly
,
though
all
party-coloured
egges
are
not
generated
and
fructified
the
same
way
;
but
some
become
prolifical
by
the
Coition
of
a
Male
and
Female
,
and
others
by
other
meanes
,
as
the
egges
or
frie
of
Fishes
;
and
though
there
be
also
a
difference
in
the
manner
of
the
growth
of
Egges
,
insomuch
as
some
are
nourished
and
encreased
within
their
parents
bowels
,
and
others
abroad
:
yet
nothing
hinders
,
why
a
foetus
may
not
be
produced
out
of
any
egge
whatsoever
,
(
in
case
it
be
a
perfect
egge
)
as
well
as
out
of
a
Hen-egge
.
Wherefore
,
the
History
wherein
we
have
already
unfolded
the
generation
of
a
Hen-egge
,
is
satisfactory
and
full
enough
for
the
knowledge
of
the
Generation
of
all
other
Oviparous
creatures
beside
;
as
likewise
to
the
knowledge
of
all
those
things
which
doe
thence
ensue
,
by
way
of
Corollary
,
or
Deduction
.
Of
the
Generation
of
Viviparous
Animals
.
EXER
.
LXIII
.
THus
farre
have
we
proceeded
in
the
Generation
of
Oviparous
Animals
;
it
follows
,
that
we
now
produce
our
Observations
,
concerning
the
other
species
of
Viviparous
productions
:
wherein
we
have
found
very
many
things
which
are
altogether
the
same
with
those
which
occurre
in
the
Egge
;
which
we
have
reduced
hither
to
be
consulted
,
and
come
last
to
be
delivered
.
Which
,
though
they
are
paradoxical
,
and
run
counter
to
the
common
received
tenets
,
yet
are
they
,
if
my
judgment
fail
me
not
,
entirely
consonant
to
the
Truth
.
Amongst
Viviparous
Animals
,
Man
is
the
chief
,
and
most
perfect
of
all
:
next
him
(
that
we
may
proceed
from
such
as
are
more
known
)
are
ranked
those
creatures
that
are
more
sociable
&
obvious
:
(
whereof
some
are
solidipeda
,
whole-hoofed
;
as
the
Horse
,
and
Ass
:
some
are
Bisulca
,
cloven
footed
;
as
the
Oxe
,
the
Goat
,
the
Sheep
,
the
Hogg
,
and
the
Deer
:
others
fissipeda
,
sive
digitatis
pedibus
,
Creatures
whose
feet
are
distinguished
into
Toes
;
as
the
Dog
,
the
Cat
,
the
Cony
,
the
Mouse
,
and
the
like
;
out
of
the
manner
of
whose
generation
,
we
may
conclude
concerning
the
generation
of
all
other
Viviparous
Animals
.
Wherefore
,
(
as
we
have
done
in
the
History
of
the
Egge
,
so
)
we
shall
single
out
some
one
kinde
of
these
,
as
an
Exemplar
or
Representative
of
all
the
rest
;
which
,
as
being
most
known
to
us
,
will
give
light
to
the
rest
,
and
become
a
platform
,
to
which
all
the
other
may
be
reduced
,
by
way
of
Analogy
.
I
have
already
given
you
the
reason
,
why
I
have
drawn
out
documents
concerning
all
other
Egges
,
from
the
Egges
of
Hens
:
namely
because
those
are
cheap
,
and
every
mans
purchase
;
and
upon
that
score
we
our selves
had
the
advantage
to
make
the
more
diligent
disquisition
,
and
others
also
have
the
better
opportunity
to
experiment
the
truth
of
our
doctrine
.
But
there
is
more
difficulty
in
the
search
into
the
Generation
of
Viviparous
Animals
:
for
we
are
almost
quite
debarred
of
dissecting
the
humane
Uterus
:
and
to
make
any
inquiry
concerning
this
matter
,
in
Horses
,
Oxen
,
Goats
,
and
other
Cattel
,
cannot
be
without
a
great
deal
of
paines
and
expense
.
But
those
who
are
desirous
to
make
tryal
,
whether
we
deliver
truth
,
or
not
,
may
assay
the
business
,
in
Doggs
,
Conies
,
Cats
,
and
the
like
.
Fabricius
ab
Aquapendente
,
as
if
every
Viviparous
conception
were
a
kind
of
egge
,
begins
his
Tract
with
that
;
(
as
being
the
general
exemplar
of
Generation
)
giving
this
amongst
other
,
as
the
chief
ground
of
his
proceedings
;
namely
,
because
the
contemplation
of
the
egge
,
is
of
the
largest
extent
:
De
form
.
Ovi
&
Pulli
,
c.
1.
for
the
greatest
part
of
Animals
,
saith
he
,
is
generated
out
of
Egges
.
But
we
in
the
entrance
of
these
our
Observations
,
have
concluded
that
all
Animals
are
in
some
sort
produced
out
of
an
Egg
:
For
the
foetus
of
Viviparous
creatures
is
produced
after
the
same
manner
and
order
out
of
a
pre-existent
conception
,
as
the
Chicken
is
formed
and
constituted
out
of
an
Egge
:
There
being
one
and
the
same
species
of
generation
in
them
all
,
and
the
exordium
or
first
principle
of
them
all
is
either
called
an
egge
,
or
at
lest
something
answerable
and
proportionable
to
it
.
For
an
Egge
is
an
exposed
conception
from
which
a
Chicken
is
produced
;
but
a
conception
is
an
egge
retained
within
,
untill
the
foetus
have
attained
its
just
bulk
,
and
magnitude
:
in
other
matters
it
squares
with
an
egge
:
for
they
both
are
Vegetal
rudiments
,
and
also
Animals
in
potentiâ
.
Wherefore
the
same
Theorems
,
and
Corollaries
,
(
though
contrary
to
the
received
perswasion
)
which
we
have
already
inferred
in
the
History
of
the
Egge
,
are
most
true
:
Likewise
of
the
generation
of
all
kind
of
Animals
.
For
it
is
a
confessed
and
plain
thing
,
that
all
foetuses
,
even
humane
ones
also
,
are
procreated
out
of
some
conception
,
(
or
certain
ground-work
.
)
And
this
is
also
as
true
:
that
that
thing
which
is
called
Primordium
,
the
first
rudiment
in
spontaneous
productions
,
semen
,
the
seed
in
Plants
,
and
Ovum
the
Egge
,
in
Oviparous
(
as
being
that
corporeal
substance
,
out
of
which
moving
and
operating
by
an
intrinsecal
principle
,
that
which
is
produced
is
either
a
Plant
or
an
Animal
:
)
that
same
thing
in
the
Generation
of
Viviparous
Animals
is
conceptus
primus
;
the
first
Conception
:
and
this
is
approved
to
be
true
both
by
sense
and
reason
.
What
we
have
formerly
affirmed
of
the
egge
,
namely
,
that
it
is
the
sperme
and
seed
of
Animals
,
proportionable
to
the
seed
of
Plants
:
the
same
do
we
now
pronounce
of
the
conception
,
which
is
the
reall
seed
of
Animals
,
and
therefore
also
called
An
Egge
.
For
that
is
true
seed
according
to
Aristotle
,
De
gon
.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
18.
which
takes
its
Original
from
two
Animals
joined
in
coition
;
and
obtaines
the
virtue
or
power
from
both
Sexes
;
such
is
the
seed
of
all
Plants
,
and
of
some
Animals
which
know
no
distinction
of
Sexes
:
as
it
were
that
which
is
first
mixed
from
.
Male
and
Female
,
being
a
kind
of
promiscuous
conception
,
or
Animal
:
for
these
creatures
have
that
in
themselves
alone
,
which
is
required
of
both
Sexes
:
namely
,
a
fit
matter
to
feed
the
foetus
,
and
also
a
plastical
,
or
formative
,
and
operative
vertue
able
to
produce
it
.
So
in
like
manner
,
the
conception
is
the
fruit
of
the
Male
,
and
Female
joined
in
coition
,
and
also
the
seed
of
the
future
foetus
;
wherefore
it
differeth
not
from
an
egg
.
But
that
,
which
proceeding
from
the
Generant
,
is
the
cause
which
first
obtains
the
principle
of
Generation
(
viz.
the
Efficient
)
ought
to
be
called
the
Geniture
,
but
not
the
seed
(
as
it
is
miscalled
by
the
common
people
,
and
Philosophers
too
at
this
day
)
because
it
hath
not
in
it
that
thing
which
is
required
of
two
in
coition
,
neither
is
it
proportionable
to
the
Seed
of
Plants
.
But
whatsoever
doth
possess
the
foresaid
condition
,
and
is
answerable
to
the
Seed
of
Plants
,
that
also
doth
deserve
to
be
called
an
Egge
,
and
a
Conception
.
Also
the
definition
of
an
Egge
,
delivered
by
Aristotle
doth
fully
square
to
it
:
saying
,
An
Egge
is
Hist.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
5.
that
thing
in
perfect
productions
of
part
whereof
an
Animal
is
made
,
and
susteined
by
the
remainder
,
after
it
is
made
.
Now
the
same
things
agree
to
a
Conception
,
as
shall
afterwards
appear
by
the
dissection
of
Viviparous
Animals
,
our
Eyes
themselves
being
witnesses
thereunto
.
Besides
,
as
a
Chicken
is
hatched
out
of
an
Egg
,
by
the
fostering
heat
of
the
Sitting
Hen
,
or
some
other
ascititious
hospitable
patronage
,
so
also
the
Foetus
is
produced
out
of
the
conception
in
the
egge
,
by
the
soft
and
most
natural
warmth
of
the
parent
.
In
a
word
:
that
which
Oviparous
Animals
afford
by
Incubation
,
or
gathering
under
their
Wings
and
Breast
;
that
is
exhibited
by
Viviparous
,
by
the
Womb
,
and
neerest
,
or
inward
embraces
.
And
then
,
concerning
that
which
relates
to
procreation
,
the
foetus
is
produced
out
of
the
Conception
,
in
the
selfe
same
manner
,
and
order
,
as
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Egg
;
With
this
onely
difference
,
that
in
an
egge
,
whatsoever
relates
to
the
Constitution
and
Nutrition
of
the
Chicken
,
is
at
once
conteined
in
it
:
but
the
conception
(
after
the
foetus
is
now
formed
out
of
it
)
doth
attract
more
nourishment
out
of
his
Parents
Womb
;
whereupon
the
nourishment
increases
with
the
foetus
.
Moreover
the
Egge
is
quite
emptied
,
when
the
Chicken
is
grown
;
and
the
Aliment
which
was
in
it
consumed
,
nor
doth
the
Chicken
attract
any
more
sustenance
from
the
Hen:
but
the
Oviparous
Foetus
doth
still
finde
out
fresh
supplies
,
and
susteineth
it self
by
Milk
.
Now
the
Eggs
,
or
Spawn
of
Fishes
are
supported
by
food
procured
from
without
;
the
Egges
of
Insects
also
,
whether
they
have
shells
or
not
,
have
their
provisions
from
abroad
,
nor
are
they
lesse
eggs
for
that
,
either
really
,
or
nominally
:
so
in
like
manner
the
Conception
deserves
the
title
of
an
Egge
,
though
it
be
susteined
by
a
various
kind
of
Aliment
from
without
.
Why
some
Animals
are
Oviparous
,
and
all
do
not
produce
their
Foetus
alive
,
Fabricius
offers
this
reason
:
namely
,
because
egges
(
if
they
were
detained
in
the
Uterus
till
the
Pullus
were
hatched
)
would
by
their
weight
prejudice
the
flight
of
Birds
.
And
also
in
Serpents
,
or
creeping
things
the
multitude
of
egges
would
be
an
impediment
to
their
winding
motions
.
Nor
is
there
compass
enough
in
the
narrow
circuit
of
the
Snailes
shell
,
to
afford
room
to
the
number
&
increase
of
eggs
.
So
likewise
the
Fishes
bellies
are
too
scanty
to
contein
their
numerous
Fry
,
should
they
grow
within
them
.
And
therefore
these
several
creatures
are
inforced
to
exclude
their
births
,
ere
they
arrive
to
perfection
.
So
that
it
seems
most
natural
for
an
Animal
,
to
contein
and
cherish
its
conception
within
it self
,
untill
the
foetus
be
quite
perfected
:
but
nature
is
sometimes
constrained
to
expose
her
issues
immature
,
and
imperfect
,
and
to
compleat
them
with
provisions
sought
for
from
without
.
For
as
much
therefore
as
concerns
procreation
,
All
kind
of
Animals
are
generated
after
the
same
manner
out
of
an
Egge-like
Rudiment
:
(
which
we
call
Egg-like
,
not
that
every
Rudiment
of
an
Animal
doth
resemble
an
Egge
in
Figure
,
but
in
Nature
and
Consistence
)
For
in
all
their
respective
Generations
this
they
have
in
common
,
namely
,
that
a
certain
Vegetal
principle
is
pre-existent
(
of
like
nature
to
an
Egge
,
and
answering
in
proportion
to
the
Seed
of
Plants
)
out
of
which
the
foetus
is
produced
.
And
this
Egg
or
Egg-like
substance
is
in
them
all
,
possessing
the
nature
and
conditions
required
in
an
Egg
:
which
conditions
also
the
seeds
of
Plants
have
common
to
them
,
as
well
as
Animals
.
And
for
that
cause
the
principles
of
any
kind
of
Animals
,
are
called
their
Fruits
,
and
Seeds
,
and
so
likewise
the
Seeds
of
all
Plants
may
in
a
manner
be
called
Egges
,
and
Conceptions
.
And
to
this
purpose
Aristotle
speaks
,
saying
:
De
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
9.
Those
creatures
which
bring
forth
an
Animal
from
within
themselves
,
have
something
formed
in
them
upon
the
first
conception
like
unto
an
egge
:
for
they
have
an
humour
conteined
in
a
thin
coat
,
such
as
that
in
an
egge
when
the
shell
is
pilled
off
.
Whereupon
those
depravations
of
conceptions
which
fall
out
about
that
time
,
fluxus
vocant
,
the
people
call
,
Fluxes
,
or
miscarryings
.
Those
Fluxes
are
chiefly
observable
in
Women
,
when
they
miscarry
in
the
first
or
second
moneth
:
and
such
I
have
often
seen
discharged
about
those
times
:
and
such
a
one
also
Hippocrates
reports
to
have
been
discharged
,
and
fallen
from
the
Minstrel
.
The
first
Conception
,
or
Rudiment
therefore
of
all
Hist.
an
.
l.
7.
c.
7.
Animals
is
in
the
Uterus
:
which
according
to
Aristotle
,
is
liks
an
egg
covered
over
with
a
membrane
when
the
shell
is
pilled
off
.
And
this
shall
appear
more
clearly
by
what
shall
be
said
hereafter
.
In
the
interim
we
conclude
with
the
Philosopher
:
All
Animals
,
whether
they
be
swimming
,
walking
,
or
flying
Animals
;
and
whether
they
be
born
in
the
form
of
an
Animal
,
or
of
an
Egge
:
are
all
generated
after
the
same
manner
.
The
History
of
the
Generation
of
Hinds
and
Does
,
is
layed
down
as
the
Example
of
all
other
Animals
:
together
with
the
reason
of
our
so
doing
.
EXERCIT.
LXIV
.
OUr
late
Sovereign
King
Charls
,
so
soon
as
he
became
a
Man
,
was
wont
for
Recreation
,
and
Health
sake
,
to
hunt
almost
every
week
,
especially
the
Buck
and
Doe
;
no
Prince
in
Europe
having
greater
store
either
wandring
at
liberty
in
the
Woods
,
or
Forrests
,
or
inclosed
and
kept
up
in
Parkes
and
Chaces
.
In
the
three
summer
moneths
,
the
Buck
and
Stagge
,
being
then
fat
and
in
season
,
were
his
game
,
and
the
Doe
and
Hind
in
the
Autumne
,
and
Winter
,
so
long
as
the
three
seasonable
moneths
continued
.
Hereupon
(
for
the
Rutting
time
,
when
the
Females
are
lusty
,
and
admit
the
Males
,
whereby
they
conceive
and
bear
their
young
)
I
had
a
daily
oportunity
of
dissecting
them
,
and
of
making
inspection
and
observation
of
all
their
parts
;
which
liberty
I
chiefly
made
use
of
in
order
to
the
Genital
parts
.
We
shall
therefore
disclose
the
Generation
of
all
Viviparous
Animals
,
out
of
the
History
of
the
Hind
and
Doe
,
as
being
the
most
commodious
Exemplar
:
treating
thereof
after
the
same
manner
as
we
have
already
handled
the
Generation
of
all
Oviparous
productions
,
out
of
the
History
of
the
Hen-Egge
.
And
this
not
from
any
peculiar
design
of
my
own
,
or
for
the
same
causes
for
which
I
did
prefer
the
Hen-Egge
to
all
other
:
but
because
by
the
favour
and
bounty
of
my
Royal
Master
(
whose
Physitian
I
was
,
and
who
was
himself
much
delighted
in
this
kind
of
curiosity
,
being
many
times
pleased
to
be
an
eye
witness
,
and
to
assert
my
new
inventions
)
I
had
great
store
of
his
Deere
at
my
devotion
,
and
frequent
opportunity
and
license
to
dissect
and
search
into
them
.
I
intend
therefore
to
set
before
you
the
History
of
Hinds
and
Does
,
composed
out
of
my
sundry
observations
for
many
years
together
,
whereby
I
my self
am
chiefly
versed
in
them
,
and
from
whence
also
something
may
be
infallibly
concluded
concerning
the
Generation
of
other
Viviparous
Animals
:
which
History
,
whilest
we
faithfully
compile
,
we
shall
also
insert
all
those
observable
Occurrences
,
which
we
have
either
casually
met
withall
,
or
else
attained
by
intended
dissections
in
other
Animals
;
namely
,
such
as
are
cloven-footed
,
whole-hoofed
,
and
those
which
have
their
feet
distinguished
into
toes
,
as
likewise
in
Man
himself
:
declaring
the
series
,
or
order
of
the
Formation
of
the
Foetus
,
according
to
the
several
proceedings
which
Nature
her selfe
doth
observe
therein
.
Of
the
Uterus
of
Hindes
and
Does
.
EXER
.
LXV
.
BEing
about
to
treat
of
the
Formation
and
Generation
of
the
Hinde
and
Doe
,
we
must
first
discourse
concerning
the
place
wherein
those
actions
are
performed
,
namely
the
Uterus
;
(
as
we
have
already
done
in
the
History
of
the
Hen
)
that
so
those
things
which
ensue
,
may
be
more
easily
and
rightly
understood
.
For
in
this
very
thing
.
History
hath
the
precedence
of
Romance
and
Fable
;
namely
,
in
that
she
describes
events
with
their
just
circumstance
of
set
times
and
places
,
and
so
guides
us
unto
knowledge
by
a
surer
way
.
But
that
we
may
the
better
conceive
the
Deere's
Uterus
,
we
shall
explain
both
the
internal
,
and
external
fabrick
thereof
,
taking
our
pattern
from
the
womb
of
Women
.
For
Man
,
who
is
the
most
consummate
or
complete
Animal
of
all
other
,
as
he
hath
obtained
all
other
parts
more
perfect
then
they
,
so
are
his
Genital
parts
also
.
And
therefore
the
Uterine
parts
are
most
distinct
in
a
Woman
,
and
to
us
(
by
reason
of
the
special
industry
of
Anatomists
about
this
Part
)
better
known
.
Now
in
the
Uterus
of
Hinds
,
&
Does
,
many
things
do
occurr
which
you
may
discover
to
be
the
same
in
the
womb
of
a
Woman
;
but
yet
some
things
do
differ
.
In
the
external
orifice
,
are
neither
the
labra
,
nor
the
Clitoris
,
nor
the
Nymphae
;
but
onely
two
Orifices
(
whereof
one
is
the
Orifice
of
the
Bladder
,
adjoined
to
the
Share-bone
;
the
other
of
the
Privity
,
seated
between
the
fundament
and
the
Urmary
cavity
.
)
The
membranous
Cuticle
(
like
to
that
which
we
have
noted
in
a
Henne
)
tending
downwards
from
the
fundament
,
doth
cover
the
veil
,
and
supply
the
office
of
the
Nymphae
&
labia
of
the
Privity
,
in
order
to
its
defence
from
outward
injuries
:
this
veile
is
something
retracted
in
a
Woman
in
coition
,
or
at
lest
forced
to
retreat
by
the
entrance
of
the
Yard
into
the
Orifice
of
the
Privity
.
The
Suture
or
connexion
of
the
Share-bones
being
divided
in
Hindes
,
or
Does
,
and
the
leggs
laid
wide
open
,
the
Bladder
of
Urine
,
and
Vagina
Uteri
,
or
Privity
wherein
the
Yard
of
the
Male
is
entertained
,
as
also
the
neck
of
the
Womb
,
and
its
scituation
,
are
presently
discovered
,
together
with
the
ligaments
whereby
it
is
fastened
,
as
likewise
the
Veines
,
Arteries
,
and
Testieles
,
as
they
call
them
:
also
the
Horns
of
the
Womb
,
even
in
these
creatures
,
are
more
remarkable
then
the
other
parts
of
it
.
But
as
for
the
preparing
,
and
the
leading
,
or
ejaculatory
vessels
,
there
are
no
such
things
to
be
found
here
;
nor
(
as
farre
as
I
know
)
in
any
other
Female
whatsoever
:
And
Anatomists
(
who
suppose
that
the
Female
doth
emit
a
seed
in
coition
)
make
too
industrious
an
enquiry
after
them
;
for
they
are
not
at
all
in
some
;
and
in
those
in
whom
they
are
,
they
are
never
found
in
the
same
manner
,
or
agreeing
.
Wherefore
it
comes
neerest
to
truth
,
which
also
(
as
I
have
observed
)
the
greater
part
of
Women
acknowledg
;
namely
,
that
they
do
not
emit
any
seed
in
coition
.
And
though
the
more
salacious
do
discharge
a
certain
moisture
in
coition
,
yet
I
neither
approve
it
to
be
fruitfull
seed
,
nor
necessarily
conducing
to
conception
;
for
very
many
do
conceive
without
any
such
effusion
at
all
:
(
and
some
also
without
any
pleasure
)
but
of
these
more
elsewhere
.
The
Privity
,
or
Vagina
Uteri
,
which
is
extended
from
the
outward
Orifice
of
the
secret
parts
,
to
the
inward
Orifice
of
the
Womb
,
is
in
a
Doe
,
as
in
a
Woman
,
seated
between
the
Bladder
of
Urine
,
and
the
Rectum
intestinum
,
or
Right
Gut
,
and
is
correspondent
to
the
Yard
of
the
male
in
form
,
largeness
,
and
longitude
.
And
being
dissected
,
is
discovered
to
be
furrowed
with
oblong
wrinckles
and
rugosities
,
and
also
made
glibb
and
slippery
with
a
stiffe
moysture
.
In
its
bottom
,
you
may
perceive
a
more
narrow
and
closed
Orifice
,
which
is
the
beginning
of
the
neck
of
the
Uterus
,
through
which
,
whatsoever
is
driven
out
from
the
cavity
of
the
Womb
,
doth
make
its
passage
.
And
this
is
that
Orifice
,
which
Physitians
affirm
to
be
so
closely
compressed
,
sealed
up
,
and
concluded
in
a
Virgin
,
and
Woman
with
child
,
that
it
will
not
admit
the
point
of
the
finest
Needle
,
or
Probe
.
After
this
follows
the
Neck
,
or
Process
of
the
Womb
,
which
is
a
much
longer
and
rounder
passage
in
them
,
then
in
Women
;
and
in
its
whole
extension
,
from
the
bottom
of
the
Privity
to
the
Womb
it self
,
is
much
more
fibrous
,
thick
,
and
nervous
,
then
theirs
.
And
if
you
make
incision
into
this
Neck
,
according
to
its
longitude
,
you
shall
discover
not
only
its
exteriour
ingress
,
which
is
conspicuous
in
the
bottom
of
the
Privity
,
so
exactly
to
connive
,
and
cling
together
,
that
the
air
it self
though
driven
by
ones
breath
,
cannot
arrive
at
the
cavity
of
the
Womb
;
but
also
five
alike
streights
more
ranked
in
order
,
blocked
up
against
the
access
of
any
outward
approacher
,
and
sticking
firmly
together
by
a
glewy
mucilage
:
just
as
the
most
compact
and
narrow
orifice
of
a
Womans
Uterus
is
locked
up
by
a
yellow
glutinous
substance
.
And
such
narrow
streights
as
these
,
are
discernable
in
the
neck
of
the
Sheeps
,
Cowes
,
and
Goats
womb
,
all
which
are
close
locked
up
,
and
forbid
any
admittance
(
which
Fabricius
also
observed
.
)
But
these
five
Recesses
are
most
distinguishable
in
a
Hinde
,
and
a
Doe
,
appearing
like
so
many
several
ports
or
orifices
of
the
Uterus
tyed
up
,
and
sealed
fast
,
which
you
may
justly
esteem
as
so
many
Barracadoes
opposed
to
the
admission
of
any
thing
whatsoever
.
So
carefull
doth
Nature
seem
to
have
been
,
that
in
case
any
insolent
intruder
should
have
forced
the
first
gate
,
yet
his
rudeness
should
be
foiled
by
the
next
,
making
like
provision
in
the
other
Avenues
,
that
so
nothing
might
insinuate
it self
into
the
womb
.
And
yet
for
all
this
a
Probe
being
put
in
from
the
Cavity
of
the
Uterus
outwards
,
doth
with
ease
pass
through
all
these
ports
,
and
finde
a
way
out
.
For
it
was
convenient
that
a
passage
should
be
afforded
to
the
discharge
of
Flatulencies
,
Menstruous
Blood
,
and
other
Humours
;
but
all
entrance
debarred
to
the
entertainment
of
outward
things
,
though
they
be
never
so
litle
(
as
to
the
air
itself
,
or
the
Seed
.
)
This
Uterine
Orifice
is
alike
blocked
up
in
all
other
Animals
,
as
it
is
in
Women
;
whose
womb
we
have
known
so
closed
sometimes
,
that
their
Courses
,
Purgations
after
delivery
,
and
other
humours
,
have
for
want
of
free
disburdening
,
excited
most
terrible
Hysterical
affections
,
insomuch
that
I
have
been
fain
to
invent
an
instrument
proper
to
this
inconvenience
,
whereby
the
orifice
of
the
womb
being
opened
,
the
imprisoned
superfluities
might
be
released
,
and
the
recited
casualties
subdued
;
as
also
that
injections
might
finde
a
reception
in
the
cavity
of
the
womb
,
by
which
I
have
sometimes
cured
the
internal
Ulcers
of
the
Matrix
,
and
also
Barrenness
it self
.
The
Cavity
of
the
Uterus
in
Hindes
and
Does
,
is
exceeding
small
,
as
the
substance
of
the
Uterus
is
very
litle
both
in
magnitude
and
thickness
.
For
the
womb
in
those
creatures
,
is
only
as
a
Porch
,
or
Fore-Gate
,
in
the
Cavity
whereof
lyeth
an
open
way
both
on
the
right
,
and
left
hand
,
which
leadeth
to
the
Horns
of
the
Womb.
For
those
parts
are
different
in
almost
all
other
Animals
which
have
Blood
,
from
what
they
are
in
Women
;
in
whom
the
chief
part
of
the
womb
,
is
the
Body
thereof
:
but
the
Neck
,
and
the
Hornes
,
(
as
being
onely
Appendixes
)
are
scarce
discernable
.
For
the
Neck
is
short
,
&
the
Horns
litle
,
like
round
&
long
processes
,
extended
upwards
from
the
bottom
of
the
womb
,
like
two
Trumpets
;
the
Anatomists
commonly
conceiving
them
to
be
the
Ejaculatory
vessels
.
But
in
the
Hinde
and
Doe
,
as
in
all
other
Viviparous
Animals
which
have
blood
(
except
only
Women
,
she-Apes
,
and
those
Female
Animals
that
are
whole-hoofed
)
the
chief
part
for
Generation
is
not
the
Womb
,
but
the
Horns
thereof
.
For
in
Women
,
and
whole-hoofed
Beasts
,
the
place
of
Conception
is
the
Womb
,
but
in
other
Animals
,
the
Conception
is
accomplished
in
the
Horns
of
the
Womb.
And
therefore
Authors
generally
call
those
Horns
by
the
name
of
Uterus
,
the
Womb
,
saying
,
that
the
Womb
in
some
Animals
is
bipartite
,
and
in
some
not
;
understanding
thereby
the
places
of
Conception
,
which
are
the
Horns
of
the
wombe
,
wherein
almost
all
Viviparous
Animals
,
praesertine
multipara
,
especially
those
that
bring
forth
several
young
ones
at
a
birth
,
doe
conceive
:
and
unto
which
also
all
the
Uterine
veins
&
arteries
are
conducted
,
and
the
other
Genital
parts
are
subservient
.
Wherefore
give
us
leave
also
,
in
the
History
of
those
Animals
,
to
use
promiscuously
the
name
of
Uterus
or
Womb
,
and
of
Horns
of
the
womb
,
for
the
same
thing
.
In
a
Woman
,
as
we
have
said
,
the
two
Trumpets
neer
the
process
of
the
Neck
of
the
womb
,
which
are
perforated
into
the
cavity
thereof
,
are
not
commonly
reputed
proportionable
to
the
Horns
,
but
are
conceited
by
some
Anatomists
to
be
Vasa
Spermatica
,
Spermatical
Vessels
;
by
others
,
Spiramenta
Uteri
,
the
Pores
of
the
Uterus
;
by
a
third
sort
,
Vasa
semen
deferentia
,
aut
reservantia
,
Leading
Vessels
,
or
Vessels
reserving
the
Seed
in
them
.
As
if
they
were
a
certain
kinde
of
Seminal
vesicles
;
when
,
in
truth
,
they
are
answerable
in
proportion
to
the
Horns
of
the
womb
of
other
Animals
;
as
appears
clearly
,
by
their
scituation
,
connexion
,
largeness
,
perforation
,
form
,
and
function
:
for
as
other
Animals
do
alwaies
conceive
in
the
Horns
,
so
a
Woman
also
is
sometimes
found
to
bear
her
Foetus
in
Cornu
sive
Tubâ
,
in
the
Horn
or
Trumpet
Anthrop
.
l.
2.
c.
34.
of
the
womb
,
as
the
most
learned
Riolanus
reports
by
the
observation
of
other
men
,
and
I
have
seen
with
my
own
eyes
.
Those
Horns
do
terminate
in
the
Common
Cavity
,
which
(
like
a
Porch
or
Threshold
)
is
seated
before
them
both
;
and
is
in
Deer
proportionable
to
the
Womans
uterus
,
as
the
trumpets
of
the
Womans
womb
,
are
proportionable
to
the
Horns
of
the
Deers
womb
.
But
their
denomination
they
assume
from
their
figure
;
for
as
the
Horns
of
a
Ram
or
Goat
are
large
at
bottom
,
jutting
out
before
,
and
again
reflected
backward
;
so
also
these
Horns
of
the
womb
(
in
Hindes
and
Does
)
at
their
original
are
large
and
ample
,
and
lessening
by
degrees
as
they
look
upwards
,
are
at
last
retorted
towards
the
Spine
of
the
Back
.
And
as
those
other
Horns
are
inequal
,
knotty
,
and
wrinkled
in
their
forepart
,
but
behinde
appear
smooth
and
even
;
so
the
Horns
of
the
Deers
womb
,
are
below
wrinckled
,
and
gathered
,
by
reason
of
certain
cells
or
rings
bunching
out
,
in
manner
like
the
Gut
Colon
:
but
above
(
where
they
respect
the
Spine
)
they
are
smooth
and
even
,
and
recurved
,
as
if
they
were
tyed
back
by
a
kinde
of
fillet-like
ligament
,
and
so
by
degrees
grow
slender
as
Horns
do
.
If
you
take
an
empty
gut
(
such
a
one
as
puddings
are
made
in
)
keeping
it
contract
,
wrinckled
,
and
streightned
,
by
a
tape
or
fillet
which
binds
it
all
along
on
one
side
,
you
shall
see
it
curled
and
distinguished
into
litle
cells
or
windings
(
after
the
fashion
of
the
Colick
Gut
.
)
And
such
is
the
fabrick
of
the
Horns
of
the
womb
of
a
Hinde
,
or
a
Doe
.
In
other
Females
the
case
is
different
,
for
they
either
have
larger
cells
,
or
none
at
all
.
And
in
these
Horns
of
Hinds
and
Does
also
,
though
there
be
several
cells
or
windings
,
yet
are
not
all
of
equal
magnitude
,
but
the
first
is
much
larger
then
any
of
the
rest
,
and
in
it
chiefly
the
Conception
is
contained
.
And
as
in
a
Woman
,
the
womb
,
and
its
trumpets
(
or
Horns
)
with
the
rest
of
its
appurtenances
,
are
tyed
fast
to
the
Share-bones
,
the
Back
,
&
the
neighbour
Parts
,
by
the
mediation
of
a
broad
and
carnous
Membrane
,
(
as
by
a
pendulous
band
or
tye
)
which
Anatomists
do
stile
Vespertilionum
alas
,
the
Batts
wings
;
because
the
Uterus
hanging
in
this
manner
,
doth
resemble
a
Bat
with
its
wings
spread
abroad
:
so
also
in
Hindes
,
and
Does
,
the
two
Horns
of
the
womb
,
together
with
the
Testicles
,
and
all
the
Vessels
of
the
Uterus
,
are
by
a
thick
membrane
fastened
to
the
circumjacent
Parts
,
(
but
especially
to
the
Back
)
which
membrane
performs
the
same
office
to
the
Uterine
Parts
,
as
the
Meseutery
doth
to
the
Guts
,
and
that
which
we
call
the
Mesometrion
doth
to
the
Uterus
of
the
Hen.
For
as
by
the
Mesentery
the
Meseraick
Veins
and
Arteries
are
derived
to
the
Guts
;
so
are
the
Uterine
Vessels
disseminated
through
the
fore-said
membrane
:
in
which
also
certain
small
Bladders
and
Glandules
are
on
both
sides
discovered
,
which
Glandules
Anatomists
commonly
call
the
Testicles
.
The
substance
of
the
Horns
of
the
Hindes
and
Does
wombs
is
cuticular
or
skinny
,
or
else
a
fleshy
skin
or
coat
(
like
that
of
the
Guts
)
besprinckled
with
certain
slender
Veins
.
This
coat
you
may
,
as
Anatomists
use
to
do
,
divide
into
several
coats
,
observing
the
several
scituation
of
the
fibers
,
which
serve
to
several
functions
,
namely
to
Retention
,
and
Expulsion
.
For
I
have
many
times
seen
those
Horns
moving
just
like
Earth-worms
;
in
the
same
manner
as
any
man
may
perceive
the
Guts
,
in
an
Animal
newly
killed
,
and
the
abdomen
or
covering
of
the
lower
belly
laid
open
,
stirring
to
and
fro
,
in
a
kinde
of
waving
motion
,
whereby
(
as
if
they
were
close
begirt
and
bound
in
by
some
small
narrow
ring
,
or
pressed
and
squeezed
between
ones
fingers
)
they
crowd
down
and
depress
the
Chyle
&
Excrement
towards
the
inferior
Guts
.
All
the
Uterine
Veins
do
here
(
as
in
a
woman
)
assume
their
original
from
the
Hollow
vein
,
neer
the
Emulgents
:
but
the
Arteries
(
which
they
also
do
partake
as
well
as
Women
)
do
arise
from
the
Branches
of
the
Great
Artery
,
which
pass
into
the
Thighes
:
and
as
in
a
woman
great
with
child
,
the
Uterine
Vessels
which
contain
blood
,
are
more
and
greater
then
in
the
rest
of
her
body
;
so
is
it
also
with
Hindes
and
Does
which
are
with
Fawn
.
But
the
Arteries
(
contrary
to
that
Which
we
see
in
the
rest
of
the
body
)
are
much
more
numerous
for
their
proportion
then
the
Veines
;
and
being
blown
into
,
they
will
distend
,
&
fill
their
neighbour
veins
,
but
the
veins
being
in
the
same
manner
blown
into
,
will
never
do
so
much
for
them
.
And
this
also
I
see
taken
notice
of
by
the
learned
Riolanus
,
and
it
is
a
prevalent
argument
for
the
Circulation
of
the
Blood
,
which
was
my
Invention
;
for
it
doth
clearly
evince
a
passage
from
the
Arteries
into
the
Veins
,
but
no
retreat
from
the
Veins
into
the
Arteries
again
:
&
there
are
likewise
more
Arteries
then
Veins
,
because
the
foetus
requires
great
store
of
sustenance
to
supply
his
growth
,
the
remainder
whereof
fewer
Veins
are
sufficient
to
return
.
There
are
also
Testicles
discernable
in
these
also
,
as
they
are
in
Sheep
,
Goat
,
and
all
Animals
which
cleave
the
hoofe
;
but
such
Testicles
as
resemble
the
Prostatae
,
or
seed
Glandules
,
and
the
Kennels
of
the
Mesentery
(
whose
office
is
to
secure
the
divarications
of
the
Veins
,
and
retain
a
moisture
in
them
whereby
to
keep
the
parts
glib
)
rather
then
things
designed
to
the
concoction
of
Prolifical
seed
,
and
the
Reservation
or
treasuring
it
up
till
it
be
fit
for
profusion
in
the
time
of
Coition
.
And
this
is
my
opinion
of
them
,
both
for
sundry
reasons
elsewhere
alledged
:
as
chiefly
,
because
that
at
the
time
of
coition
(
when
the
males
Testicles
are
swelled
with
seed
,
and
full
of
seminal
juice
)
the
Horns
of
the
womb
indeed
are
in
Hindes
and
Does
,
and
all
other
Viviparous
Animals
(
wherein
they
reside
)
much
altered
:
but
the
Testicles
,
as
they
call
them
,
(
like
things
utterly
unconcerned
in
the
matter
of
Generation
)
do
neither
swell
,
nor
differ
any
way
from
the
constitution
they
were
of
(
either
before
,
or
after
coition
)
affording
no
testimony
at
all
of
their
use
either
in
respect
of
Coition
,
or
Generation
.
It
is
a
wonderfull
thing
to
see
how
great
a
quantity
of
geniture
doth
abound
in
the
Testicles
,
and
much
distended
Seminal
Vessels
of
the
very
masculine
Moles
,
and
Mice
,
about
the
time
of
their
coition
(
which
we
have
also
formerly
observed
in
the
Dunghill-Cock
)
and
how
vast
an
alteration
is
espyed
in
the
Genitals
of
both
Sexes
;
and
yet
these
Glandulae
,
or
litle
Kernels
(
which
men
conceive
to
be
the
Testicles
of
the
Females
)
do
still
reserve
their
wonted
appearance
,
without
any
variation
at
all
.
What
we
have
hitherto
observed
,
concerning
the
Womb
and
the
Horns
thereof
in
Hindes
and
Does
,
doth
for
the
most
part
relate
also
to
other
Viviparous
Animals
,
though
they
differ
in
a
Woman
;
because
she
conceives
in
her
womb
,
but
all
the
rest
in
the
Horns
of
the
womb
,
except
the
Mare
,
and
the
she-Ass
;
and
even
they
also
,
though
they
seem
to
bear
their
Conception
in
the
womb
,
yet
that
place
of
Conception
doth
more
resemble
the
nature
and
constitution
of
a
Horn
,
then
of
a
Womb
:
for
that
place
is
not
bipartite
,
but
something
more
oblong
,
,
and
different
from
a
womb
,
both
in
scituation
,
connexion
,
fabrick
,
and
substance
,
and
ought
rather
to
be
compared
to
the
superiour
Uterus
,
or
process
of
the
womb
of
the
Hen
,
(
wherein
the
Egge
groweth
,
and
is
encompassed
with
the
White
)
then
to
the
womb
of
a
Woman
.
Of
the
Coition
of
the
Hinds
and
Does
.
EXER
:
LXVI
.
THe
History
of
the
Womb
of
Hinds
and
Does
,
is
such
as
hath
been
shewed
.
Wherein
we
have
briefly
declared
those
things
which
did
seem
necessary
to
Generation
,
namely
,
the
place
of
Conception
,
and
those
parts
which
are
ordeined
thereunto
.
It
remaines
that
we
now
treat
of
the
Action
and
Function
of
this
place
,
namely
of
Coition
and
Conception
.
Hinds
and
Does
do
admit
their
Males
at
one
only
set
time
of
the
year
;
that
is
about
the
midst
of
September
,
after
the
Feast
of
the
Holy
Cross
,
and
they
bring
forth
after
the
middest
of
June
,
neer
the
Feast
of
Saint
John
Baptist
.
So
that
they
goe
nine
moneths
,
not
eight
,
as
Pliny
would
have
it
:
At
Rutting
time
the
males
assemble
themselves
amongst
the
females
,
but
at
other
times
they
feed
apart
:
and
the
elder
Deere
(
as
the
Staggs
)
do
associate
with
their
own
Sex
,
and
the
Hinds
and
Does
keep
company
and
feed
among
the
other
Hinds
and
Does
,
together
with
the
younger
sort
of
Ducks
,
and
Fawns
.
About
a
whole
moneth
their
Rutting
time
continues
,
which
doth
begin
later
,
if
the
season
be
dry
,
but
if
it
be
moist
and
rainey
,
sooner
.
And
therefore
in
Spain
(
as
I
am
informed
)
they
seldom
rut
before
the
Calends
of
October
,
because
moist
weather
comes
not
on
there
til
then
.
But
in
England
their
Rutting
time
seldom
lasts
beyond
the
middest
of
October
.
At
that
time
their
lust
enrages
them
so
,
that
they
will
assault
or
Doggs
or
Men
,
when
at
other
times
they
are
shie
and
timorous
,
and
suffer
themselves
to
be
chased
and
put
to
flight
upon
the
alarme
of
the
least
barking
curre
that
is
.
Every
Male
Deer
knowes
all
his
Females
,
and
will
not
indure
any
one
of
them
to
straggle
,
but
will
pursue
and
bring
her
back
to
his
Herd
:
and
being
now
grown
very
jealous
of
them
,
he
frequently
surveyes
them
,
and
rangeth
them
together
.
And
if
perhaps
a
stranger
Doe
intrude
among
them
,
he
is
not
very
passionate
in
her
expulsion
,
but
affords
her
a
fair
departure
:
but
if
another
Male
Deere
address
himself
to
this
Herd
,
he
bids
him
a
speedy
defiance
,
and
charges
him
with
his
Head
.
The
Hind
and
Doe
are
numbered
amongst
the
chaster
rank
of
Animals
;
because
they
do
not
willingly
admit
Coition
(
for
the
Stagge
and
Buck
,
like
the
Bull
,
do
celebrate
their
Coition
with
violence
)
and
unless
they
be
over-mastered
,
or
tyred
out
with
assaults
,
they
shun
the
act
.
And
this
seemes
to
be
the
cause
of
the
assembling
themselves
together
in
a
Herd
to
their
own
proper
mates
,
and
chiefly
to
those
that
are
the
elder
Deere
,
and
are
best
headed
:
for
if
a
forraigner
attempt
their
chastity
,
they
presently
fly
to
their
own
Herd
and
consort
,
for
sanctuary
,
as
the
refuge
of
their
affrighted
modesty
.
If
a
young
Batchelour
Buck
finde
a
Doe
straggling
alone
,
he
presently
pursues
,
and
having
tired
her
by
his
chasing
,
he
takes
advantage
of
her
inability
for
resistance
,
and
so
enjoyes
her
by
force
.
All
the
Male
Deer
provide
themselves
a
Rutting
place
at
some
distance
from
the
Herd
,
by
digging
up
trenches
,
or
standing
behind
some
convenient
rise
of
ground
,
whither
they
constrain
their
Females
to
appear
.
She
that
is
now
about
the
act
of
Rutting
,
placeth
her
hinder
feet
in
the
furrow
or
trench
provided
for
the
purpose
,
and
(
if
occasion
be
)
inclining
her
body
doth
something
depress
her
Hanches
;
by
which
means
the
Stag
or
Buck
may
at
one
inition
(
as
Bulls
do
)
pressing
her
forward
,
finish
his
affaires
.
The
Elder
,
and
abler
Stags
,
and
Bucks
have
a
larger
Herd
of
Hinds
and
Does
,
then
the
juniour
and
infirmer
Deer
:
some
assemble
to
themselves
ten
,
some
fifteen
.
Our
Keepers
say
,
that
the
Females
are
sated
at
the
second
coition
,
or
third
at
the
most
,
and
she
,
so
soon
as
she
conceives
,
admits
the
male
no
more
.
The
Male
when
he
hath
fructified
all
his
Females
,
his
lust
cooleth
;
and
having
impared
both
his
audacity
,
and
his
flesh
,
quits
his
Herd
,
straggles
alone
,
and
feeds
greedily
to
repaire
his
broken
strength
,
making
no
farther
assault
upon
any
Female
all
that
year
.
When
the
Buck
growes
first
ripe
for
Rutting
,
the
Hair
about
his
Throat
and
Neck
growes
black
;
as
also
doth
the
extremity
of
his
prepuce
,
which
doth
putrifie
likewise
,
and
stink
extreamly
.
The
Does
and
Hinds
are
but
very
seldome
compressed
,
and
that
too
in
the
night
time
onely
,
and
in
obscure
places
,
such
as
are
purposely
made
choice
of
by
the
Males
for
that
performance
.
If
the
Stags
or
Bucks
chance
to
contest
(
which
is
usuall
)
then
the
conquered
his
Females
are
all
made
the
Victors
purchase
.
Of
the
Constitution
or
Alteration
of
the
Uterus
of
the
Hind
and
Doe
in
the
moneth
September
.
EXERCIT.
LXVII
.
WE
now
come
to
the
Alteration
of
the
Geniral
parts
of
the
Hind
,
and
Doe
,
after
Rutting
time
,
and
also
to
the
conception
it self
.
In
September
,
when
the
Hinds
and
Does
first
Rutting
time
is
now
arrived
,
their
Uterus
(
I
mean
the
Hornes
of
the
Uterus
,
or
the
place
wherein
they
conceive
)
is
become
more
fleshy
,
and
thick
,
and
likewise
more
soft
and
tender
.
In
the
cavity
of
each
of
the
Horns
of
the
womb
(
in
that
part
which
resembleth
a
wrinckled
fillet
;
namely
,
where
it
reflects
towards
the
spine
of
the
Back
)
five
Caruncles
,
or
soft
Warts
,
or
Nipples
,
do
jet
out
,
being
placed
in
order
:
whereof
the
first
is
the
biggest
of
all
,
and
the
rest
as
they
lie
in
order
,
are
still
one
less
then
the
other
;
just
as
these
Horns
themselves
do
lessen
by
degrees
from
the
bottom
upwards
,
to
the
very
top
.
Some
of
these
Caruncles
do
grow
out
as
broad
as
the
middle
finger
,
(
appearing
like
a
kinde
of
a
luxuriant
,
fungous
,
fleshy
substance
)
being
paler
or
whiter
then
some
,
and
more
ruddy
then
others
.
About
the
six
and
twentieth
,
or
eight
and
twentieth
day
of
September
(
as
likewise
afterwards
in
October
)
the
Uterus
is
grown
thicker
;
and
the
caruncles
being
now
more
tumid
,
do
resemble
the
Nipples
of
Womens
Breasts
:
so
that
you
would
believe
they
were
designed
to
yeeld
Milk
.
Their
top
or
uppermost
part
being
cut
away
(
for
I
divided
the
outward
superficies
from
them
,
to
discover
their
interiour
constitution
)
I
beheld
them
compacted
and
formed
out
of
an
innumerable
company
of
white
points
,
as
out
of
so
many
bristles
set
up
stiff
and
erect
,
by
a
certain
mucous
viscidity
or
glewy
substance
,
and
pinching
them
hard
from
the
roots
upward
,
between
my
fore
finger
and
my
thumb
,
I
squeezed
out
of
each
of
those
white
points
a
small
drop
of
blood
.
Whereupon
by
a
more
strict
enquiry
,
I
discovered
them
to
be
nothing
else
,
but
the
Capillary
productions
of
so
many
slender
Arteries
.
At
Rutting
time
therefore
,
the
Uterine
Vessels
(
especially
the
Arteries
)
are
discovered
to
be
more
in
number
,
and
more
conspicuous
then
at
other
times
:
Though
(
as
I
have
noted
before
)
those
that
are
called
the
Testicles
,
are
neither
more
large
,
nor
more
full
then
they
were
before
,
nor
any
thing
changed
from
their
pristine
constitution
.
The
Cavity
of
the
Uterus
(
that
is
,
of
the
Hornes
of
the
Uterus
)
and
interiour
superficies
thereof
(
which
you
may
call
the
wall
of
the
litle
Cells
)
presents
it selfe
exceeding
soft
and
glibbe
to
the
touch
,
like
to
the
interiour
concameration
of
the
Ventricles
of
the
Braine
,
or
the
flesh
of
the
Nut
of
the
Yard
,
which
is
within
the
Prepuce
.
But
in
that
Cavity
,
I
could
never
discover
any
Sperme
ejected
from
the
Male
Deere
,
nor
any
other
thing
which
relates
to
the
conception
,
(
though
I
have
made
most
accurate
dissection
through
all
the
entire
moneths
of
September
and
October
.
)
And
yet
the
Male
Deere
did
go
to
rut
daily
,
and
I
dissected
a
great
number
of
Does
.
And
this
is
the
result
of
many
years
experience
.
I
have
seen
indeed
in
some
the
Caruncles
so
neerly
seated
the
one
to
the
other
,
as
if
they
had
made
one
continued
protuberance
out
of
all
the
five
united
together
.
And
when
upon
frequent
experiment
,
I
never
met
with
any
other
thing
within
the
Cavity
of
the
Uterus
,
I
began
at
first
to
consider
,
whether
the
masculine
seed
could
by
any
means
(
namely
either
by
way
of
Injection
,
or
Attraction
)
insinuate
itself
into
the
seat
of
Conception
?
and
at
last
my
many
repeated
observations
did
ratifie
this
conclusion
,
namely
,
that
no
part
or
portion
of
the
seed
doth
ever
enter
into
those
receptacles
.
What
befalls
them
in
the
moneth
of
October
.
EXERCIT.
LXVIII
.
HAving
made
several
dissections
in
the
month
of
October
,
as
well
before
the
expiration
of
the
Rutting
time
,
as
after
:
I
could
never
finde
any
seed
,
or
blood
,
or
the
track
of
any
other
thing
whatsoever
,
in
the
cavity
of
the
Uterus
.
Onely
the
Womb
or
Uterus
was
grown
larger
and
thicker
,
and
the
Caruncles
more
tumid
and
florid
then
before
,
and
out
of
them
upon
a
close
constriction
or
pinching
them
between
the
fingers
,
some
small
drops
of
blood
did
issue
out
,
as
a
watery
kinde
of
milk
is
expressed
out
of
the
nipples
of
the
breasts
of
such
as
are
with
Childe
,
about
the
fourth
moneth
of
their
pregnation
.
In
the
Uterus
of
one
,
or
two
,
which
was
exceedingly
impated
and
extenuated
contrary
to
the
course
of
Nature
,
I
found
indeed
a
kinde
of
a
green
,
ichorous
putrified
substance
,
like
to
impostumated
matter
,
filling
the
cavity
thereof
;
whereas
those
very
Does
were
in
all
other
points
sound
,
and
something
fat
,
no
less
then
their
fellowes
which
I
diffected
at
the
same
time
.
About
the
End
of
October
,
and
the
Beginning
of
November
,
when
the
Rutting
time
is
now
concluded
,
and
the
Females
and
Males
part
company
:
the
Uterus
began
to
seem
of
a
lesser
bulk
(
in
some
sooner
,
and
in
others
later
)
and
the
wall
or
sides
of
the
inner
cavity
appeared
to
tumefie
,
as
if
it
were
puffed
up
;
for
in
those
places
where
of
late
the
litle
Cells
were
,
there
did
now
round
gobbets
extuberate
inwards
,
filling
almost
the
whole
capacity
:
so
that
the
sides
now
seemed
to
touch
one
another
,
and
glewed
as
it
were
together
,
leaving
no
space
vacant
between
them
.
For
as
licorish
Boyes
(
while
they
plunder
the
honey-combs
,
that
they
may
greedily
devour
the
honey
)
have
their
Lips
so
stung
by
the
Bees
,
that
they
swell
and
grow
tumerous
,
and
so
streighten
the
gap
of
their
Mouths
;
in
the
same
manner
doth
the
interiour
superficies
of
the
Does
Uterus
become
turgid
,
and
a
most
soft
and
pulpous
substance
(
like
that
of
the
Braine
)
doth
fill
the
cavity
,
and
involve
the
Caruncles
in
it
.
And
as
for
the
Caruncles
themselves
,
they
are
no
bigger
then
they
were
before
,
but
only
appear
something
paler
,
and
as
it
were
maderated
or
stewed
in
warm
water
,
as
the
Nurses
nipples
look
presently
after
the
Childe
hath
had
the
breast
.
But
I
could
not
squeeze
out
any
blood
from
them
,
as
before
.
This
interiour
superficies
of
the
Uterus
being
thus
swolne
;
it
is
at
that
time
so
tender
and
smooth
,
as
nothing
can
be
more
.
It
resembles
the
softness
of
the
brain
it self
,
and
when
you
touch
it
,
did
not
your
own
eyes
give
evidence
to
that
touch
,
you
would
not
believe
your
fingers
vere
upon
it
.
The
cavity
of
the
Womb
being
laied
open
immediately
after
the
killing
of
the
Deere
,
I
have
often
discovered
a
slow
waving
motion
,
(
such
a
one
as
is
seen
in
the
bottom
of
a
creeping
Snailes
belly
)
as
if
the
Womb
were
Animal
in
Animali
,
one
living
creature
in
another
;
and
had
a
peculiar
independent
motion
of
its
own
.
Such
a
kind
of
motion
as
this
,
I
have
(
as
I
mentioned
but
now
)
often
observed
in
the
intestines
of
creatures
dissected
alive
:
&
the
same
may
be
experimented
both
by
the
testimony
of
the
sight
and
touch
,
in
live
Dogs
and
Conies
,
though
you
dissect
them
not
.
I
have
likewise
observed
the
same
kind
of
motion
,
in
the
Testicles
and
Scrotum
of
the
Males
;
and
I
have
known
some
Women
,
whom
such
palpitations
have
deluded
with
the
hopes
of
being
with
Child
.
But
whether
in
Hysterical
affections
(
such
as
are
the
Ascent
,
descent
,
&
contortion
of
the
Uterus
)
the
Womb
of
Women
move
and
stir
by
such
a
kind
of
agitation
;
as
whether
the
Braine
also
in
its
conceptions
be
in
like
manner
moved
to
and
fro
,
as
the
discovery
is
very
difficult
,
so
is
it
vorthy
the
attempt
.
A
little
while
after
the
foresaid
Extuberance
of
the
interiour
coat
of
the
Uterus
begins
to
shrink
,
and
lessen
:
and
in
some
,
(
but
that
is
rare
,
)
a
certain
purulent
matter
doth
stick
to
the
fides
,
(
in
manner
of
sweat
)
such
as
is
visible
in
wounds
,
and
ulcers
,
when
they
are
said
to
be
Concocted
,
and
cast
forth
a
white
,
smooth
,
and
equall
matter
.
When
I
first
discovered
this
kind
of
substance
,
I
was
in
suspence
,
whether
I
should
conceit
it
to
be
the
seed
of
the
Male
,
or
some
concocted
substance
arising
from
it
.
But
because
I
did
observe
this
matter
but
seldom
,
and
in
few
onely
,
and
also
seeing
twenty
days
were
now
past
,
since
any
commerce
with
the
male
had
been
celebrated
,
and
likewise
for
as
much
as
this
substance
was
not
thick
,
clammy
,
or
froathy
,
(
as
seed
is
)
but
more
friable
and
purulent
,
inclining
to
yellow
,
I
concluded
that
it
arrived
thither
casually
rather
,
or
else
proceeded
from
over
much
sweat
,
the
Deere
being
newly
quite
spent
in
the
chace
:
and
so
in
a
Rheume
falling
down
into
the
Nose
,
the
thinner
portion
of
the
Catarrh
being
thickened
into
a
mucous
substance
,
puts
on
a
yellow
complexion
.
This
alteration
in
the
Womb
when
I
had
often
discovered
to
His
Majesties
sight
(
as
the
first
assay
towards
impregnation
)
and
having
likewise
plainly
shewed
that
all
this
while
no
portion
of
seed
,
or
conception
either
was
to
be
found
in
the
Womb
;
and
when
the
King
himself
had
communicated
the
same
as
a
very
wonderful
thing
to
diverse
of
his
followers
,
a
great
debate
at
length
arose
:
The
Keepers
and
the
Huntsmen
concluded
,
first
,
that
this
did
imply
,
that
their
conception
would
be
late
that
year
,
&
thereupon
accused
the
drougth
;
but
afterwards
when
they
understood
that
the
rutting
time
was
past
,
and
gone
;
and
that
I
stood
stiffly
upon
that
,
they
peremptorily
did
affirm
,
that
I
was
first
mistaken
my selfe
,
and
so
had
drawn
the
King
into
my
error
;
and
that
it
could
not
possibly
be
,
but
that
something
at
lest
of
the
Conception
must
needs
appear
in
the
Uterus
:
untill
at
last
,
being
confuted
by
their
own
eyes
,
they
sate
down
in
a
gaze
and
gave
it
over
for
granted
.
But
all
the
Kings
Physitians
persisted
stiffly
,
that
it
could
no
waies
be
,
that
a
conception
should
go
forward
unless
the
males
seed
did
remain
in
the
womb
,
and
that
there
should
be
nothing
at
all
residing
in
the
Vterus
after
a
fruitfull
and
effectuall
Coition
;
this
they
ranked
amongst
their
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
Now
that
this
experiment
which
is
of
so
great
concern
might
appear
the
more
evident
to
posterity
;
His
Majestie
for
tryal-sake
(
because
they
have
all
the
same
time
and
manner
of
conception
)
did
at
the
beginning
of
October
separate
about
a
dozen
Does
from
the
society
of
the
Buck
,
and
lock
them
up
in
the
Course
neer
Hampton
Court
.
Now
lest
any
one
might
affirm
that
doubtlessly
these
did
continue
the
seed
bestowed
upon
them
in
Coition
(
their
time
of
Rutting
being
then
not
past
)
I
dissected
diverse
of
them
,
and
discovered
no
seed
at
all
residing
in
their
Vterus
:
and
yet
those
whom
I
dissected
not
,
did
conceive
by
the
virtue
of
their
former
Coition
(
as
by
Contagion
)
and
did
Fawn
at
their
appointed
time
.
In
Bitches
,
Conies
,
and
several
other
Animals
,
I
have
certainly
discovered
,
that
nothing
after
Coition
is
to
be
found
in
their
Vterus
,
for
many
daies
together
.
In
so
much
that
I
am
very
well
ascertained
that
in
Viviparous
,
(
as
well
as
in
Oviparous
creatures
)
the
Foetus
doth
neither
proceed
from
the
Seed
of
Male
and
Female
emitted
in
Coition
,
nor
yet
from
any
commixture
of
that
seed
,
(
as
the
Physitians
will
have
it
)
nor
yet
out
of
the
Menstruous
blood
,
as
Aristotle
conceits
;
and
likewise
that
there
is
not
any
thing
of
the
conception
necessarily
in
being
,
presently
after
Coition
.
And
hence
it
follows
,
that
it
is
not
true
,
that
in
a
prolifical
coition
,
any
matter
is
ready
at
hand
in
the
Vterus
,
which
matter
or
substance
,
the
Masculine
seed
should
concoct
,
coagulate
and
fashion
,
or
reduce
into
an
actual
generation
,
or
by
drying
its
outward
Superficies
,
Form
,
and
After-birth
to
wrap
it
in
.
For
nothing
at
all
is
to
be
found
in
the
Womb
for
many
days
together
,
even
to
the
twelfth
of
November
.
It
is
also
evident
,
that
all
Females
,
in
the
Act
of
coition
,
do
not
effund
a
seed
into
the
Vterus
;
for
neither
in
Hinds
,
or
Does
,
or
several
other
Viviparous
Animals
,
is
there
any
track
or
signe
of
either
Seed
,
or
Menstruous
blood
.
But
what
it
may
be
,
which
flowes
from
some
salacious
Women
in
Coition
,
as
well
as
from
Men
,
which
procures
pleasure
to
them
,
and
a
kind
of
resolution
of
their
Spirits
;
as
also
whether
it
do
necessarily
conduce
to
the
Conception
;
likewise
whether
it
do
proceed
from
the
Testicles
,
or
whether
it
bee
seed
,
and
whether
prolifical
or
not
,
we
have
elsewhere
discovered
.
And
while
I
am
in
this
discourse
,
let
the
ingenious
bear
with
me
,
(
if
being
mindful
of
my
great
wrongs
)
I
let
slip
a
sigh
or
two
,
grounded
upon
this
my
misfortune
:
namely
,
that
while
I
did
attend
upon
our
late
Sovereign
in
these
late
distractions
,
and
more
then
Civil
Wars
;
(
and
that
not
by
the
Parliaments
bare
permission
,
but
command
)
some
rapacious
hand
or
other
not
onely
spoiled
me
of
all
my
Goods
;
but
also
(
which
I
most
lament
)
have
bereft
me
of
my
Notes
,
which
cost
me
many
years
industry
.
By
which
meant
,
many
observations
(
especially
those
concerning
)
the
Generation
of
Insects
)
are
lost
and
imberelled
to
the
prejudice
(
I
may
boldly
say
it
)
of
the
Common-wealth
of
Learning
.
What
things
happen
in
the
Uterus
of
Deere
in
November
.
EXER
.
LXIX
.
ABout
the
twelfth
or
fourteenth
day
of
November
there
is
something
,
which
is
then
first
of
all
to
be
found
in
the
Cavity
of
the
Womb
of
the
Deere
,
conducing
to
the
future
foetus
,
and
this
I
truly
avouch
,
and
of
many
years
Experience
.
I
remember
indeed
,
that
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
1653
,
these
signs
or
rudiments
of
conception
did
appear
sooner
,
because
it
was
a
cloudy
,
and
wet
season
.
In
Hinds
also
,
which
go
to
Rut
six
or
seven
days
before
the
Does
,
I
have
still
discovered
some
track
of
the
future
conception
,
about
the
eighth
or
nineth
day
of
November
.
But
what
that
is
,
and
how
it
doth
begin
,
I
shall
now
declare
.
A
litle
before
any
thing
at
all
is
to
be
seen
,
the
substance
of
the
Vterus
,
or
Hornes
appear
lesser
,
then
when
the
females
first
went
to
Rut
;
and
the
white
Caruncles
are
more
flaggy
(
as
I
informed
you
before
;
)
and
the
protuberance
of
the
inward
that
doth
a
litle
abate
,
growing
more
wrinckled
,
and
moist
.
For
about
the
time
aforesaid
,
some
certain
mucous
filaments
(
like
the
Spiders
threads
)
are
led
from
the
last
or
upper
angle
of
the
Hornes
of
the
Vterus
,
through
the
midst
of
both
the
Horns
,
and
also
through
the
cavity
of
the
Womb
,
which
being
joined
together
,
do
resemble
a
membra●●ns
or
filmy
coat
,
or
empty
wallet
.
And
as
that
implication
or
web
of
vessels
called
Pleocus
Choroides
,
●●
led
through
the
Ventricles
of
the
Brain
,
so
this
litle
oblong
sack
,
or
wallet
is
spun
over
all
the
space
of
both
the
Horns
,
and
the
intermediate
cavity
of
the
womb
.
In
which
dissemination
,
insinuating
it self
into
the
rugosities
of
the
flagging
membrane
,
it
doth
insert
slender
fibres
between
the
fore-mentioned
round
extuberances
or
nipples
;
after
the
same
manner
as
the
membrane
called
Fia
Mater
doth
work
it self
into
the
convolutions
of
the
braine
.
A
day
or
two
being
now
over
,
this
wallet
is
filled
with
a
watry
,
white
,
stiff
,
albugineous
substance
,
and
being
stuffed
with
that
moisture
,
doth
resemble
a
long
pudding
,
sticking
or
cleaving
a
litle
to
the
conteining
sides
of
the
Vterus
by
its
exteriour
glutinosity
;
and
yet
so
,
that
it
may
be
easily
separated
from
them
:
for
being
taken
in
the
narrow
part
of
the
Vterus
(
where
it
is
tied
to
it
as
it
passeth
along
)
it
may
be
brought
away
entire
from
both
the
Hornes
,
if
it
be
warily
handled
.
This
Conception
now
grown
,
and
taken
out
,
is
of
the
figure
of
a
wallet
,
or
double
pudding
:
being
besmeared
on
the
outside
with
a
kind
of
purulent
filth
;
but
within
it
is
glibbe
,
conteining
in
it
a
stiff
moisture
,
much
like
to
the
more
liquid
White
of
an
Egge
.
Now
this
is
the
first
Conception
of
Hindi
and
Does
.
And
seeing
the
nature
and
condition
of
an
Egge
,
together
with
the
definition
is
applicable
thereto
,
for
Aristotle
defines
an
Egge
,
to
be
that
thing
out
of
part
whereof
an
Animal
is
begotten
,
and
Hist.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
5.
&
de
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
1.
de
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
9.
the
remainder
is
the
food
of
that
Animal
which
is
begotten
:
and
likewise
,
seeing
it
is
the
ground-work
or
rudiment
of
the
future
foetus
,
it
is
therefore
also
called
Ovum
Animalium
,
the
Animals
Egge
,
According
to
that
of
Aristotle
.
Those
creatures
which
beget
an
Animal
within
themselves
,
have
upon
the
first
conception
something
formed
in
them
in
manner
of
an
egge
.
For
a
moist
substance
is
contained
in
a
Membrane
,
just
as
if
you
should
pill
off
the
shell
from
the
Egge
:
whereupon
the
depravations
of
these
conceptions
are
called
fluxes
.
This
Conception
therefore
,
as
we
said
before
of
an
Egge
,
is
a
true
sperme
,
or
seed
,
embracing
in
it self
the
virtue
of
both
Sexes
,
and
proportionable
to
the
seed
of
Plants
.
Aristotle
therefore
describing
the
first
Conceptions
of
Women
,
Hist.
an
.
l.
7.
c.
7.
saith
they
are
,
as
it
were
,
an
Egg
covered
over
with
a
Membrane
,
but
the
shell
taken
off
:
such
as
Hippocrates
records
to
have
dropt
from
the
Minstrel
,
and
such
as
I
have
often
seen
fallen
from
Women
in
the
second
Moneth
,
which
was
of
the
bigness
of
a
Pige●●
egge
,
without
any
foetus
at
all
in
it
:
and
sometimes
about
the
bulk
of
a
Pheasants
,
or
Hens
egg
:
and
at
this
time
the
floating
Embryo
is
of
the
longitude
of
the
naile
of
the
Litle-finger
.
But
the
Membrane
involving
the
Conception
,
hath
not
yet
attained
any
After-burden
to
which
it
may
be
fastened
,
nor
is
it
fastened
to
the
womb
it self
;
but
onely
at
its
obtuser
and
upper
end
,
as
if
it
were
●●uck
with
moss
or
down
;
it
presents
to
our
view
the
first
designs
and
rudiments
of
the
After-burden
,
or
Cake
of
the
Womb
:
but
the
inner
superficies
being
smooth
and
glib
,
is
divaricated
with
the
several
propagations
of
the
Umbilical
Vessels
.
At
the
third
Moneth
,
this
Egge
exceeds
a
Goose-Egge
in
magnitude
,
and
infolds
within
it
an
Embryo
of
the
length
of
two
transverse
fingers
.
At
the
fourth
Moneth
,
it
is
larger
then
the
Egge
of
an
Ostrich
.
And
thus
much
I
have
diligently
observed
in
Abortions
,
having
made
several
dissections
of
them
.
And
in
this
manner
do
Hinds
and
Does
,
though
for
a
whole
moneth
together
(
and
more
)
after
their
Rutting
time
,
no
sensible
thing
at
all
be
contained
in
their
uterus
,
produce
by
a
kinde
of
Contagion
,
these
conceptions
and
rudiments
in
the
shape
of
eggs
,
(
as
Plants
bring
forth
their
seed
,
and
Trees
their
fruit
)
which
about
the
eighteenth
or
one
and
twentieth
day
of
November
(
at
the
farthest
)
are
compleat
;
and
that
sometimes
in
the
Right
Horn
,
and
sometimes
in
the
Left
,
and
at
other
times
in
both
:
having
in
them
a
certain
dissolved
substance
,
transparent
,
&
crystalline
(
which
we
call
the
Colliquamentum
,
or
Eye
in
the
Hen-egg
)
which
is
contained
in
a
proper
thin
orbicular
coat
of
their
own
,
being
much
purer
then
that
humour
wherein
the
Conception
swims
afterwards
;
in
the
midst
whereof
the
sanguineous
fibers
,
&
the
Punctum
saliens
(
which
is
the
first
foundation
of
the
future
foetus
)
without
the
presence
of
any
thing
else
,
are
clearly
discerned
;
and
this
is
the
first
Genital
particle
.
Which
being
constituted
,
not
onely
the
Vegetative
soul
,
but
the
Motive
also
is
said
to
be
in
it
,
from
which
all
the
other
parts
of
the
foetus
are
each
in
their
order
generated
,
formed
,
disposed
,
and
endowed
with
life
:
after
the
same
manner
as
we
have
declared
the
Chicken
to
be
constituted
out
of
the
Colliquamentum
of
the
Egg.
Both
these
humors
are
in
the
Conceptions
of
all
Viviparous
Animals
;
which
many
men
conceive
to
be
the
Excrements
of
the
Foetus
,
deeming
the
one
to
be
its
urine
,
the
other
its
sweat
;
when
notwithstanding
they
have
no
offensive
taste
at
all
,
and
are
alwayes
most
manifest
in
the
Conception
,
even
before
any
particle
of
the
foetus
is
discerned
.
The
Outward
coat
which
embraceth
both
the
humours
,
is
called
Chorion
;
the
Inward
,
Amnium
.
And
more
then
these
two
you
can
never
finde
;
the
former
,
involving
the
whole
Conception
,
and
extended
over
both
the
Horns
of
the
uterus
;
the
later
,
swimming
in
the
first
water
,
and
contained
onely
in
one
of
the
Horns
,
except
there
be
a
Twin-foetus
;
in
which
case
,
there
is
one
in
each
of
the
Horns
:
as
in
the
Gemellifical
Egge
there
are
two
Colliquamentums
.
So
that
where
there
is
a
double
foetus
,
they
are
both
contained
in
one
and
the
same
conception
,
together
with
their
two-fold
crystalline
waters
:
(
as
in
one
and
the
same
Egg.
)
If
you
make
an
incision
into
any
part
of
the
Exteriour
membrane
,
the
more
impure
water
will
presently
issue
out
from
both
the
Horns
;
but
the
crystalline
water
,
which
is
comprehended
in
the
interiour
membrane
called
Amnion
,
doth
not
flow
forth
with
the
former
,
unless
you
have
peirced
it
also
.
The
Vein
,
which
is
first
seen
within
the
Amnion
,
in
the
crystalline
humour
,
takes
its
original
from
the
Punctum
saliens
;
exercising
the
office
,
and
partaking
of
the
nature
of
the
Umbilical
Vessels
;
and
being
by
degrees
enlarged
,
it
is
disseminated
into
other
ramifications
,
which
are
scattered
into
the
Colliquamentum
:
whereby
it
is
most
evident
,
that
the
nutriment
is
at
first
attracted
from
the
Colliquamentum
only
,
wherein
the
Foetus
swims
.
Having
dissected
the
uterus
,
I
have
exposed
this
Punctum
saliens
,
while
it
yet
continued
its
palpitation
,
to
the
view
of
our
late
dread
Soveraigne
;
which
was
then
so
small
,
that
without
the
advantage
of
the
Sun-beams
obliquely
illustrating
it
,
he
could
not
have
perceived
its
shivering
motion
.
The
entire
Colliquamentum
being
cast
into
a
silver
or
tinn-Bason
,
which
is
full
of
clear
warm
water
,
doth
very
neatly
lay
open
the
Punctum
saliens
to
the
eye
.
To
which
,
in
the
following
dayes
,
a
certain
gelly
,
like
a
litle
worm
,
in
the
form
of
a
Magot
,
is
adjoined
,
(
as
being
the
first
platform
of
the
future
body
)
divided
into
two
parts
;
of
one
part
whereof
the
Trunk
is
constituted
,
&
the
Head
of
the
other
:
in
the
very
same
manner
,
as
hath
been
formerly
delivered
in
the
History
of
the
Hen-egg
.
The
Spine
of
the
Back
is
a
litle
inflected
in
manner
of
a
Keel
;
the
Head
is
imperfectly
composed
of
three
small
vesicles
,
or
litle
balls
,
and
swimming
in
the
Crystalline
water
,
doth
dayly
enlarge
,
and
grow
into
shape
:
With
this
difference
onely
,
that
the
Eyes
are
much
larger
,
and
more
visible
in
Oviparous
,
then
in
Viviparous
productions
.
After
the
six
and
twentieth
day
of
November
,
the
foetus
is
discerned
,
having
his
whole
body
almost
compleat
,
being
found
without
distinction
,
sometimes
seated
in
the
Right
,
and
sometimes
in
the
Left
horn
of
the
Vterus
:
but
where
there
is
a
Twin-foetus
,
there
is
one
of
them
placed
in
each
of
the
Horns
.
And
at
this
time
the
Male
is
distinguishable
from
the
Female
by
his
Genital
parts
;
which
are
conspicuous
in
a
humane
Embryo
,
so
soon
as
ever
the
rough
Artery
doth
appear
.
You
shall
finde
the
Male
and
Female
sometimes
in
the
Right
,
and
sometimes
in
the
Left
horn
,
meerly
as
it
falleth
out
.
But
yet
the
Male
is
more
frequently
discovered
in
the
Left
,
and
the
Female
in
the
Right
horn
,
and
this
frequently
in
Does
,
which
have
Twins
within
them
,
and
I
once
also
observed
it
in
an
Ewe
.
Whence
I
am
confirmed
,
that
the
proper
constitution
,
or
peculiar
virtue
of
either
side
,
doth
signifie
nothing
to
the
discrimination
of
the
Sex
.
Nor
is
the
uterus
the
Fabricatour
or
former
of
the
Foetus
,
no
,
nor
the
mother
her self
,
any
more
then
the
Hen
is
the
framer
of
the
Chicken
in
the
Egge
whereon
she
sitteth
.
But
as
the
Chicken
is
made
in
the
Egge
by
an
internal
formative
Agent
,
so
likewise
is
the
foetus
constituted
out
of
this
Egge
of
the
Doe
.
A
man
would
admire
to
see
the
Foetus
formed
and
compleated
in
the
Amnion
,
in
so
small
a
time
after
the
first
rise
and
beginning
of
the
Blood
and
Punctum
saliens
.
For
about
the
nineteenth
or
twentieth
day
of
November
,
that
Point
makes
his
first
appearance
:
about
the
one
and
twentieth
or
two
and
twentieth
day
,
the
litle
unshapen
Worme
or
Maggot
discovers
it self
:
but
within
six
or
seven
daies
after
that
,
the
Foetus
is
so
compleat
,
that
you
may
distinguish
the
Male
from
the
Female
,
(
by
the
Genital
parts
)
and
perceive
the
feet
formed
,
and
the
little
hoofes
cleft
,
being
then
like
Gelly
,
something
inclining
to
yellow
.
So
soon
as
ever
the
foetus
begins
to
be
formed
and
grow
,
the
substance
of
the
Uterus
is
much
extenuated
:
contrary
to
the
custom
of
it
in
Women
,
whose
Womb
according
to
the
increase
of
the
Foetus
becomes
thicker
,
and
more
fleshy
.
For
in
Hinds
,
and
Does
,
how
much
the
more
the
foetus
augmenteth
,
so
much
the
Hornes
of
the
Uterus
approach
neerer
to
the
shape
of
the
Guts
:
and
chiefly
that
Horne
,
wherein
the
Foetus
doth
reside
,
doth
resemble
a
little
wallet
,
though
in
its
extent
and
capacity
it
exceed
the
other
.
This
Egge
or
Conception
,
doth
as
yet
on
no
side
adhere
,
or
grow
fast
to
the
Matrix
(
though
the
foetus
is
now
compleat
)
but
may
bee
very
easily
drawn
away
whole
;
as
I
have
tried
it
in
an
Ewe
,
which
bore
a
foetus
in
her
Womb
,
almost
the
length
of
my
Thumb
.
Wherefore
it
is
most
apparent
,
that
the
foetus
is
yet
onely
nourished
by
the
White
,
which
is
shut
up
with
it
in
the
Conception
,
as
it
hath
been
observed
in
the
Hen-egge
before
;
for
the
Orifices
of
the
Umbilical
Vessels
are
quite
obliterated
between
the
White
of
the
Conception
,
and
the
adjacent
humours
with
their
membranes
;
not
being
any
where
as
yet
fastned
to
the
Uterus
it self
,
though
those
Veins
or
Vessels
onely
are
the
convoy
to
administer
nourishment
to
the
foetus
.
And
as
in
an
Egge
the
propagations
of
the
Veins
are
first
disseminated
into
the
Colliquamentum
;
(
as
the
roots
of
plants
are
into
the
ground
)
and
are
afterwards
communicated
to
the
exteriour
Membrane
(
called
the
Chorion
)
and
do
dispatch
their
branches
up
and
down
with
innumerable
divarications
through
the
albugineous
humour
conteined
in
the
utmost
membrane
,
that
so
they
may
forage
,
and
provide
Aliment
:
so
likewise
in
humane
abortions
,
I
have
plainly
discovered
the
vein
in
the
Chorion
;
and
Aristotle
himself
affirmed
,
that
that
coat
was
full
Hist.
an
.
l.
7.
c.
7.
of
veins
.
If
there
be
a
single
foetus
,
the
distribution
of
its
Umbilical
vessels
is
extended
to
both
the
Hornes
of
the
Womb
(
having
litle
branches
disseminated
through
the
cavity
thereof
)
that
so
it
may
attract
aliment
on
both
sides
.
But
if
there
be
two
(
namely
one
in
each
Horne
)
they
both
shoot
forth
their
Umbilical
propagations
into
that
part
onely
of
the
Conception
which
borders
upon
their
proper
Horn
:
so
that
the
foetus
seated
in
the
right
Horne
deriveth
his
sustenance
from
the
right
side
of
the
conception
,
and
he
in
the
left
from
the
left
onely
:
The
Gemellifical
conception
being
in
all
other
matters
also
like
the
Gemellifical
Egge
.
Now
,
about
the
end
of
November
,
all
the
parts
are
clear
and
distinct
,
and
the
foetus
now
appears
of
the
magnitude
of
a
large
Beane
,
or
a
Nutmeg
:
the
hinder
part
of
his
Head
being
a
litle
prominent
,
as
it
is
in
a
Chicken
,
but
his
Eyes
are
lesse
.
His
Mouth
lies
gaping
wide
even
from
Ear
to
Ear
:
for
the
Cheeks
and
Lips
are
last
of
all
perfected
,
as
being
cutaneous
parts
.
So
that
in
all
Productions
(
even
in
humane
also
)
the
slit
of
the
Mouth
is
dilated
as
far
as
the
Ears
on
both
sides
,
having
neither
Lips
nor
Cheeks
to
abate
it
.
And
for
this
cause
,
as
I
conceive
,
many
are
born
with
cleft
lips
,
(
we
call
them
Hare-lips
,
that
is
,
having
such
lips
as
Hares
,
and
Camels
have
)
because
in
the
formation
of
the
humane
foetus
,
the
upper
lips
do
very
slowly
close
.
I
have
often
times
cast
the
foetus
,
when
it
was
now
grown
to
the
quantity
of
a
fair
Bean
,
being
transparent
under
his
coat
Amnios
,
and
swimming
in
his
most
pure
alinient
,
into
a
silver
bason
full
of
the
clearest
water
,
whereby
I
discovered
chiefly
these
most
remarkable
following
things
.
His
brain
being
of
a
litle
thicker
consistence
then
the
White
of
an
Egg
,
(
like
milk
a
litle
coagulated
)
of
a
rude
shape
,
lieth
encompassed
on
every
side
in
a
membrane
,
having
as
yet
no
scull
at
all
.
The
After-brain
stands
up
something
prominent
,
as
in
a
Chicken
.
The
Cone
or
whole
frame
of
the
Heart
looks
white
,
and
so
also
all
the
other
Bowels
(
even
the
Liver
it self
)
are
white
,
and
as
it
were
spermatical
.
The
Trunk
of
the
Umbilical
Vessels
doth
arise
from
the
heart
,
and
passing
the
gibbous
part
of
the
Liver
,
doth
insert
it self
into
the
Trunk
of
the
Vena
Porta
,
or
Gate
Vein
;
and
running
thence
a
litle
farther
,
and
distinguishing
it self
into
several
propagations
,
it
is
diffused
through
the
colliquamentum
,
and
the
coat
called
Chorion
,
by
an
infinite
number
of
branches
.
The
Sides
on
both
hands
arise
from
the
spine
,
so
that
the
Thorax
or
chest
looks
like
a
boat
,
or
litle
pinnace
,
before
the
Heart
and
Lungs
are
retired
into
its
circuite
:
just
in
like
manner
as
it
is
in
the
chicken
.
For
the
Guts
,
Heart
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Bowels
are
very
conspicuous
,
and
seem
to
be
litle
appendixes
of
the
body
;
untill
at
last
the
chest
and
coverture
of
the
lower
Belly
are
drawn
over
them
(
as
the
Roofe
is
erected
upon
the
open
roomes
)
and
so
veil
and
conceal
them
.
At
that
time
the
sides
as
well
of
the
Breast
,
as
the
Loines
,
seem
to
be
white
,
mucilagineous
,
and
of
a
similar
constitution
,
excepting
onely
that
through
the
inside
of
the
Breast
,
some
certain
slender
capillary
lines
do
run
along
,
and
so
occasion
a
distinction
between
the
future
Ribs
,
and
the
carnous
or
fleshy
parts
of
the
sides
.
I
have
also
sometimes
seen
the
Twinne-foetus
in
the
Conceptions
of
Ewes
,
which
have
been
about
the
same
time
whereof
we
now
speak
(
and
sometimes
one
alone
)
which
were
of
the
longitude
of
a
transverse
finger
:
their
form
was
like
that
of
the
smallest
Lizard
,
and
their
magnitude
like
that
of
a
Waspe
,
or
Worm
called
Eruca
:
the
Spine
of
the
back
was
bent
round
,
so
that
the
head
did
almost
reach
to
the
taile
.
Both
of
them
did
swim
in
a
peculiar
clear
humour
of
their
own
,
inclosed
within
the
Amnion
:
and
both
were
of
the
same
magnitude
,
(
as
if
they
had
been
begotten
at
one
and
the
same
act
of
coition
and
conception
)
For
though
the
one
lay
in
the
right
,
and
the
other
in
the
left
Horn
,
yet
both
were
included
in
the
same
wallet
,
and
in
the
same
exteriour
water
:
(
and
so
consequently
in
the
same
egge
,
or
conception
.
)
Their
mouthes
were
wide
,
but
their
eyes
were
small
,
and
scarce
discernable
points
;
contrary
to
those
of
Birds
.
Their
Bowels
or
Intrals
also
were
not
as
yet
inclosed
within
the
cavity
of
the
body
,
but
were
hanging
out
.
Their
Exteriour
Membrane
called
Chorion
,
did
not
adhere
to
the
Uterus
,
so
that
I
could
not
take
away
the
conception
whole
&
entire
.
There
were
also
in
the
same
coat
an
infinite
number
of
Umbilical
propagations
which
had
no
connexion
at
all
to
the
Uterus
:
as
we
have
noted
in
Deer
also
,
and
after
the
same
manner
,
as
we
have
described
them
in
the
outward
membrane
of
the
Hen-egge
.
There
were
onely
present
two
humours
,
and
as
many
coats
conteining
them
:
whereof
the
exteriour
called
Chorion
was
extended
over
both
the
Horns
,
and
being
full
of
a
more
turbid
humour
,
did
fashion
or
shape
the
egge
,
or
conception
.
But
the
coat
called
Amnios
,
was
almost
invisible
(
like
that
coat
of
the
Eye
which
is
called
Arachnoides
,
or
the
Cobweb
,
being
the
membrane
of
the
Crystalline
humour
)
conteining
in
it
a
clear
bright
Water
like
Crystal
,
wherein
this
foetus
of
the
Ewe
did
swim
.
The
humour
contained
within
the
Chorion
,
was
in
proportion
a
hundred
times
more
(
I
might
say
a
thousand
)
then
the
other
,
though
the
Crystalline
humour
too
which
is
reserved
in
the
Amnios
,
was
in
a
larger
quantity
,
then
to
be
suspected
for
the
Sweat
of
so
small
a
foetus
swimming
amidst
it
.
Nor
was
it
of
any
distastful
savour
,
or
sent
,
but
exceeding
clear
:
and
(
as
we
have
noted
in
Hinds
and
Does
)
resembling
thinne
watry
milk
,
being
tainted
with
no
kinde
of
excrementitious
pravity
.
Now
in
case
this
humour
were
an
Excrement
,
it
would
also
grow
and
encrease
as
the
foetus
it self
doth
:
But
I
finde
the
matter
clean
contrary
in
the
foetus
of
the
Ewe
also
;
for
a
litle
before
it
is
●aned
,
there
is
scarce
any
portion
of
this
humour
left
.
Wherefore
I
conceive
it
rather
to
be
the
Aliment
,
then
the
Excrement
of
the
Foetus
.
The
Interiour
coat
of
the
Ewes
womb
was
imbossed
with
an
infinite
number
of
caruncles
,
(
as
the
Skie
is
with
starres
)
which
were
of
the
likeness
of
Crabbs
eyes
,
as
I
call
them
,
but
something
less
;
and
resembling
loose
or
hanging
warts
,
were
glandulous
,
and
white
,
sticking
within
the
coats
of
the
womb
,
being
something
hollow
or
excavated
on
that
side
wherewith
they
incline
towards
the
Conception
:
(
contrary
to
their
course
in
Hinds
and
Does
,
in
which
they
do
extuberate
towards
the
Foetus
it self
)
and
besides
all
this
,
they
did
strut
with
blood
;
and
their
interiour
superficies
,
as
it
did
direct
it self
towards
the
conception
,
was
full
of
black
,
sanguineous
points
.
The
Umbilical
Vessels
of
the
Foetus
were
not
as
yet
inserted
into
these
caruncles
,
nor
was
the
conception
hitherto
fastened
to
the
Uterus
.
As
for
that
coat
,
which
they
talk
much
of
,
and
call
Allantoides
,
I
can
finde
no
such
matter
in
the
conceptions
of
Ewes
;
but
afterwards
(
when
the
foetus
is
now
grown
bigger
)
when
the
Egge
or
Conception
doth
now
cleave
to
the
Uterus
,
and
the
veins
are
inserted
into
the
caruncles
,
then
is
the
Chorion
extended
farther
,
and
in
its
two
ends
(
or
Appendixes
as
it
were
)
a
certain
humour
died
yellow
(
you
would
conceive
it
to
be
an
excrementitious
humour
)
is
secluded
,
and
reserved
apart
from
the
rest
.
As
for
a
Humane
Conception
,
that
hardly
differs
any
thing
from
an
Egg
,
for
the
first
moneths
.
For
before
the
After-birth
or
Uterine
cake
hath
been
framed
,
I
have
seen
a
white
humour
(
like
to
the
thinner
White
of
the
Egge
,
and
equal
in
magnitude
to
a
Pigeons
egge
,
nay
sometimes
to
a
Pheasants
)
encompassed
in
a
slender
membrane
;
wherein
the
Embryo
,
who
was
as
long
as
the
naile
of
the
little
finger
,
did
appear
like
a
small
frogge
:
having
a
broad
body
,
a
wide
mouth
,
and
his
armes
and
leggs
newly
shot
forth
,
like
the
young
buds
of
flowers
:
he
had
a
prominent
Occiput
,
or
After-braine
,
which
may
be
rather
called
a
little
bladder
annexed
like
an
appendix
to
the
rest
of
the
head
,
as
hath
been
mentioned
in
the
first
rudiment
of
the
Occiput
of
chickens
.
An
other
humane
Conception
I
saw
(
which
was
about
fifty
dayes
standing
)
wherein
was
an
egge
,
as
large
as
an
Hen-egg
,
or
Turkey-egg
.
The
foetus
was
of
the
longitude
of
a
large
Bean
,
with
a
very
great
head
,
which
was
over-looked
by
the
Occiput
,
as
by
a
crest
;
the
Brain
it self
was
in
substance
like
Coagulated
milk
;
and
instead
of
a
solid
scull
,
there
was
a
kind
of
Leather-membrane
,
which
was
in
some
parts
like
a
gristle
,
distributed
from
the
fore-head
,
to
the
Roots
of
the
Nose
.
The
Face
appeared
like
a
Dogs
snout
.
Without
both
Ears
,
and
Nose
.
Yet
was
the
rough
Artery
,
which
descends
into
the
Lungs
,
and
the
first
rudiment
of
the
Yard
,
visible
.
The
two
deaf-ears
of
the
Heart
,
appeared
like
two
black
eyes
.
In
a
Woman
with
childe
,
who
dyed
of
a
Feaver
,
I
found
an
Hermaphrodite
Embryo
of
almost
the
same
bigness
.
It
s
Privity
was
like
that
of
a
Cony
,
the
labra
resembling
the
prepuce
;
and
the
Nymphae
,
the
Glans
or
Nut.
Above
this
privity
I
saw
the
first
rudiments
of
a
Yard
,
to
which
there
hung
down
on
both
Sides
,
instead
of
Testicles
,
the
laxe
or
flaggy
skin
of
the
Scrotum
,
or
Cod.
Its
Uterus
or
womb
.
was
very
litle
,
resembling
the
Uterus
of
an
aborted
Lamb
,
or
Mole
,
having
both
the
Horns
.
And
as
the
Glandules
or
Kernels
,
called
Prostatae
,
were
scituate
neer
the
Yard
,
so
also
were
the
Testicles
,
which
were
of
a
discernable
magnitude
,
placed
next
to
those
Horns
.
So
that
,
according
to
outward
appearance
,
it
did
most
express
a
Male
childe
,
but
upon
inward
discovery
of
the
Parts
,
a
Female
.
The
womb
of
the
woman
that
bare
it
,
was
very
vast
,
having
the
bladder
of
Urine
adjoined
to
it
(
as
its
Appendix
:
)
but
contrariwise
in
the
Foetus
,
the
Bladder
of
Urine
was
large
,
and
the
Uterus
looked
onely
like
its
Appendix
.
All
these
fore-mentioned
humane
Conceptions
,
like
the
Ewes
,
had
a
rough
or
wrinckled
superficies
outwardly
,
and
were
dawbed
over
with
a
kinde
of
Gelly
,
or
glutinous
substance
;
and
at
that
time
,
there
was
neither
any
appearance
of
the
After-burden
,
nor
yet
any
union
of
the
Conception
to
the
matrix
,
nor
any
insertion
of
the
Umbilical
Vessels
into
the
matrix
,
or
womb
,
though
they
were
disseminated
into
the
superficies
of
the
Conception
.
Though
diverse
foetus
are
sometimes
found
in
the
same
Conception
of
Hindes
,
and
Does
,
(
as
divers
Chickens
in
the
same
white
of
a
gemellifical
Egg
)
as
it
also
happeneth
in
Ewes
,
she-Goats
,
and
other
cloven
footed
creatures
:
yet
in
Bitches
,
Conies
,
Sowes
,
and
other
Viviparous
and
Multiparous
Animals
,
the
matter
is
clean
otherwise
;
for
every
foetus
in
them
doth
challenge
two
several
humors
,
and
two
distinct
coats
.
In
Bitches
there
are
several
Knots
through
the
whole
cavity
of
the
Horns
of
their
uterus
,
in
which
so
many
several
humors
are
contained
,
and
in
every
one
of
them
a
several
Foetus
.
In
the
Hare
,
and
Cony
which
are
Does
,
you
may
perceive
many
round
gobbets
or
balls
(
such
as
the
eggs
of
Serpents
are
)
like
bracelets
made
of
several
Amber
beads
.
The
Hares
Conception
is
exceeding
like
an
Acorn
,
and
the
After-burden
covereth
it
in
manner
of
a
Cup
;
and
the
Humours
contained
in
the
membranes
hang
down
like
litle
Acorns
.
Of
the
manner
how
the
Conception
of
Hindes
,
and
Does
,
is
found
to
be
in
the
month
of
December
.
EXER
.
LXX
.
IN
the
beginning
of
December
,
the
Foetus
is
now
more
grown
and
perfect
,
being
of
a
fingers
length
.
The
Heart
,
and
other
Bowels
,
together
with
the
Guts
(
all
which
were
formerly
exposed
to
publick
view
)
are
retreated
into
the
hollow
of
the
body
;
so
that
you
can
neither
discern
them
,
nor
the
motion
of
the
Heart
,
without
dissection
.
The
Conception
or
Egge
,
by
the
mediation
of
the
five
Caruncles
in
each
Horn
,
(
formerly
spoken
of
)
is
in
five
several
places
adjoined
and
fastned
to
the
Uterus
,
yet
not
so
firmly
neither
,
but
that
a
small
force
will
disjoin
them
again
.
Which
being
done
,
you
shal
discern
the
different
print
of
the
Caruncles
in
the
outward
superficies
of
the
Chorion
,
by
which
Caruncles
it
was
united
to
the
Uterus
,
the
impression
which
they
leave
behinde
them
being
rugged
and
viscous
,
as
if
by
that
glew
or
paste
,
the
said
adhesion
or
conjunction
had
been
effected
.
And
thus
have
we
revealed
the
Nature
and
use
of
these
Caruncles
;
for
they
which
before
(
like
Warts
or
Mushroms
)
were
bred
at
the
sides
of
the
Uterus
,
do
now
,
being
knit
to
the
conception
,
supply
the
place
and
office
of
an
After-burden
,
or
Uterine
Cake
(
as
it
is
in
Women
)
namely
,
they
are
instead
of
so
many
nipples
from
which
the
foetus
by
the
assistance
of
his
Umbilical
Vessels
doth
derive
to
himself
such
Aliment
as
his
Mother
affords
him
:
as
shall
appear
hereafter
.
The
Magnitude
and
capacity
of
the
Vterus
(
under
which
name
we
understand
the
Hornes
of
the
Vterus
;
namely
the
places
of
conception
)
do
enlarge
according
to
the
growth
of
the
foetus
,
but
yet
so
,
that
,
that
Horn
wherein
the
foetus
setleth
his
abode
,
is
larger
then
the
other
.
Their
conception
or
egge
is
one
onely
;
whether
they
produce
a
single
,
or
diverse
Foetus
:
and
that
single
conception
is
dilated
over
both
the
Horns
;
so
that
it
looks
like
a
brace
of
puddings
,
or
rather
like
one
onely
,
and
that
tied
in
the
middle
,
as
hath
been
formerly
said
:
for
passing
along
slender
,
and
round
,
from
the
farthest
part
of
the
Horne
on
one
side
,
it
doth
by
degrees
enlarge
,
and
so
goeth
on
to
that
common
place
,
which
in
a
Woman
we
call
the
Womb
and
Matrix
or
Mother
;
(
because
a
Woman
in
that
part
is
made
a
Mother
,
by
conceiving
and
fostering
a
foetus
in
it
)
where
it
is
streightned
as
if
it
passed
through
an
Isthmus
;
and
being
again
dilated
,
as
it
arriveth
at
the
other
Horn
,
it
proceedeth
still
on
to
the
farthest
extremity
thereof
likewise
;
where
growing
less
,
and
pointed
(
as
it
did
at
the
beginning
)
it
erects
its
non
Vltra
,
and
proceeds
no
farther
.
Therefore
these
kind
of
conceptions
,
if
they
be
drawn
away
entire
,
do
resemble
a
wallet
whose
both
ends
are
full
of
Water
:
and
thence
also
that
coat
chorion
,
is
likewise
called
Allantoides
;
because
the
conceptions
of
such
Animals
resemble
a
Gut
blown
up
,
or
stuffed
pudding
,
which
is
tied
fast
in
the
midst
.
If
you
dissect
an
Embryo
at
this
time
,
you
shall
discern
all
the
interiour
parts
distinct
,
and
compleat
:
but
chiefly
the
Stomack
,
the
Heart
,
and
Kidnies
,
and
the
Lungs
;
which
are
also
divided
into
their
Lobes
,
and
look
as
they
had
blood
in
them
,
having
gained
their
just
form
.
But
the
complexion
of
these
Lungs
is
more
ruddy
,
then
of
those
which
have
at
any
time
breathed
;
because
the
Lungs
stretched
and
dilated
by
the
Air
,
put
on
a
whiter
colour
.
And
by
this
observation
of
the
different
complexion
,
you
may
discover
whether
a
Mother
brought
her
Childe
alive
or
dead
into
the
world
;
for
instantly
after
inspiration
the
Lungs
change
colour
:
which
colour
remains
,
though
the
foetus
dye
immediatly
after
.
In
a
Female
foetus
,
the
Testicles
(
improperly
so
called
)
are
seated
neer
the
Kidnies
,
in
the
hanging
or
loose
ligament
of
the
uterus
,
or
womb
,
at
the
ends
or
extremities
of
the
Horns
on
both
sides
;
and
are
for
their
proportion
larger
in
a
foetus
,
then
in
a
grown
body
,
and
look
white
,
like
the
caruncles
.
In
the
Stomack
of
the
Foetus
,
there
is
found
a
watery
substance
,
(
not
unlike
that
wherein
he
(
swims
)
but
something
more
troubled
,
and
less
transparent
:
like
to
that
milk
which
is
dreined
out
of
Womens
breasts
,
that
are
about
four
or
five
moneths
gone
,
or
like
white
Posset
as
we
call
it
.
In
the
upper
Guts
there
is
store
of
chyle
made
of
the
fore-said
substance
now
concocted
.
But
in
the
Colon
or
colick
Gut
there
do
begin
to
appear
yellow
excrements
,
and
shaped
.
But
as
for
the
Urachus
(
or
Perforation
of
the
Navel
of
the
foetus
,
by
which
it
is
imagined
to
discharge
the
urine
into
the
coat
called
Allantoides
)
I
finde
no
such
matter
;
nor
any
difference
at
all
between
the
coat
Allantoides
(
which
is
supposed
to
contain
the
urine
)
and
the
Chorion
;
nor
do
I
discover
any
urine
in
the
After-birth
,
but
onely
in
the
Bladder
,
and
in
that
,
good
store
:
the
Bladder
it self
,
being
something
Oblong
,
is
scituate
between
the
Umbilical
Arteries
,
which
arise
from
the
branches
of
the
descending
Trunk
of
the
Great
Arterie
.
The
Liver
is
rude
,
and
almost
inform
or
unshapen
,
as
if
it
were
something
besides
Natures
intention
,
it
looks
onely
like
a
ruddy
affusion
of
Blood
.
The
Brain
being
now
somewhat
reduced
into
shape
,
is
comprehended
in
a
thick
membrane
.
The
Eyes
lie
concealed
under
the
lids
;
and
those
lids
are
so
starched
together
,
and
shut
so
fast
(
as
it
is
with
puppies
newly
whelped
)
that
I
had
much
ado
to
disjoin
them
,
and
open
the
eyes
.
The
Breast-bone
and
Ribs
do
now
harden
by
degrees
:
and
the
complexion
of
the
Muscles
shifts
from
white
,
to
be
blood
coloured
.
Having
made
very
many
several
dissections
for
the
whole
course
of
this
Moneth
,
I
am
become
more
assured
,
that
the
caruncles
before
mentioned
,
do
exercise
the
office
of
an
After-birth
or
Uterine
cake
;
which
I
now
discerned
to
be
red
and
swelled
,
and
about
the
bigness
of
a
Wall-nut
.
The
Conception
,
which
,
as
we
said
,
did
before
stick
only
to
the
caruncles
by
the
help
of
the
glutinous
substance
,
doth
now
dispatch
the
litle
branches
of
the
Umbilical
Vessels
into
the
very
body
of
the
caruncles
(
as
Plants
work
in
their
Roots
into
the
earth
)
by
which
it
is
fastened
,
and
grows
to
the
Womb.
About
the
end
of
December
I
have
feen
the
foetus
being
then
about
a
span
long
,
lustily
bestirring
himself
,
and
kicking
;
opening
his
mouth
and
jawes
,
and
also
shutting
them
again
.
His
hear●
was
now
placed
in
its
purse
,
or
pericardium
,
and
the
Breast
being
dissected
,
it
was
very
discernable
making
apparent
and
forcible
Palpitations
;
and
yet
the
Ventricles
of
the
Heart
were
Vniforme
,
and
of
equal
magnitude
,
and
did
consist
of
equal
height
,
or
of
a
double
cone
:
the
thickness
also
of
their
sides
was
equal
.
Where
also
I
clearly
discerned
the
deaf
ears
of
the
Heart
,
which
at
this
time
were
full
of
blood
,
like
two
pretty
large
bladders
,
to
continue
and
persist
in
their
motion
for
a
little
space
,
even
when
the
Heart
it self
had
resigned
it
up
.
All
the
Bowels
,
which
were
indeed
perfect
before
,
are
now
larger
and
more
conspicuous
.
The
Scull
is
partly
cartilagineous
,
and
partly
bony
.
The
Hoofs
are
yellowish
,
flexile
,
and
soft
(
just
as
the
Hoofs
of
grown
Deere
are
,
being
mollified
in
seething
water
)
the
Caruncles
,
now
very
great
,
(
as
large
Mushroomes
)
are
spred
over
the
whole
cavity
of
the
Uterus
,
and
do
evidently
supply
the
use
of
an
After-birth
:
for
several
propagations
and
those
large
ones
too
,
are
from
the
Umbilical
Vessels
disseminated
into
them
,
that
so
they
may
derive
aliment
to
the
foetus
:
in
like
manner
as
in
those
that
are
already
in
the
world
,
the
chyle
is
transported
by
the
Meseraick
branches
into
the
Gate
vain
of
the
Liver
.
In
whatsoever
Conception
of
this
kind
,
there
is
but
one
onely
foetus
,
there
the
Umbilical
vessels
are
conveied
to
all
the
caruncles
:
(
as
well
of
the
opposite
,
as
the
same
side
)
but
in
that
conception
where
there
is
a
double
foetus
,
there
the
ramifications
of
the
Vmbilical
vessels
relating
to
each
foetus
,
are
not
propagated
beyond
the
caruncles
of
the
same
side
wherein
it
resideth
.
The
lesser
Vmbilical
veins
as
they
respect
the
foetus
,
do
where
they
unite
and
join
together
determine
and
end
in
other
greater
Veins
;
and
those
again
passing
farther
on
,
and
uniting
,
do
conclude
in
Veins
yet
greater
then
themselves
,
till
at
the
last
they
constitute
two
truncks
,
which
being
conjoined
,
do
convey
Blood
into
the
Hollow
,
and
Gate
Vein
.
But
the
Vmbilical
Arteries
(
arising
from
the
branches
of
the
descending
Trunk
of
the
great
Artery
.
)
are
two
,
and
those
very
small
ones
,
and
such
as
were
it
not
for
their
pulse
,
could
scarce
be
discerned
,
which
being
carried
along
,
to
the
capacity
or
superficies
of
the
conception
)
where
the
caruncles
or
After-birth
meet
the
propagations
of
the
Veins
)
do
first
diminish
or
lessen
into
capillary
threads
,
and
at
last
become
quite
invisible
,
and
are
clean
expunged
.
As
in
the
Vterus
the
Extremities
of
the
Vmbilical
vessels
are
terminated
into
the
caruncles
,
so
likewise
out
of
the
Vterus
,
the
Vterine
vessels
(
which
are
many
,
and
large
)
carrying
blood
from
the
Mother
to
the
Womb
(
by
the
conduct
of
the
suspensory
ligaments
)
do
terminate
outwardly
in
those
very
caruncles
.
We
are
also
to
take
notice
,
that
the
Interiour
vessels
,
are
all
of
them
Veins
,
for
the
most
part
:
but
the
Exteriour
are
for
the
most
the
propagations
of
Arteries
.
In
the
Womans
After-burden
,
if
you
mind
it
well
,
presently
after
she
is
delivered
,
are
many
more
Arteries
then
Veines
,
and
also
larger
too
,
which
are
disseminated
with
almost
innumerable
propagations
up
and
down
,
even
to
its
utmost
superficies
.
As
also
in
the
fungous
Parenchyma
,
or
Affusion
of
the
Spleen
,
which
is
not
unlike
it
,
the
number
of
the
Arteries
exceedeth
that
of
the
Veins
.
The
exteriour
Vterine
vessels
do
,
as
I
say
,
tend
towards
the
Matrix
,
and
towards
the
Testicles
,
which
are
seated
in
the
suspensory
ligament
;
as
some
men
imagine
.
In
the
Gibbous
or
convex
part
of
the
caruncles
,
which
respect
the
Matrix
,
I
have
observed
a
wonderful
contrivance
in
Nature
:
For
in
diverse
of
the
Cavities
,
and
Cotyledones
,
or
Orifices
of
the
vessels
gaping
outwards
,
I
found
a
white
mucilaginous
substance
,
which
did
fill
up
the
whole
body
of
the
caruncle
,
(
as
the
Honey
stuffs
up
the
Honey-comb
)
and
was
of
a
complexion
,
consistence
,
and
tast
much
like
the
White
of
an
Egge
.
But
if
you
pluck
a
sunder
the
conception
from
the
caruncles
,
you
shall
presently
descry
so
many
spriggs
,
or
capillary
branches
of
the
Vmbilical
vessels
(
which
look
like
long
threads
or
filaments
)
to
be
drawn
out
also
from
every
one
of
the
Cotyledones
,
and
Combs
as
it
were
,
and
out
of
their
mucous
substance
:
just
as
Herbs
plucked
up
from
the
Earth
,
have
their
Roots
trailing
after
them
.
By
which
it
is
evident
,
that
the
Extremities
of
the
Vmbilical
vessels
,
are
no
way
conjoined
to
the
Vterine
vessels
by
an
Anastomôsis
;
nor
do
extract
blood
from
them
,
but
are
terminated
in
that
white
mucilaginous
matter
,
and
are
quite
obliterated
in
it
,
attracting
nourishment
from
it
;
after
the
self
same
manner
,
as
they
did
formerly
draw
Aliment
from
the
white
moisture
or
sap
,
which
was
concluded
within
the
membranes
of
the
conception
.
And
as
the
chicken
in
the
Hen-egge
is
susteined
by
the
White
attracted
by
its
Vmbilical
vessels
;
so
the
Conception
also
of
Hinds
and
Does
,
is
nourished
with
a
white
substance
like
to
that
,
which
is
stored
up
in
these
litle
Cells
,
and
not
with
blood
.
Wherefore
these
Caruncles
may
be
justly
stiled
the
Vterine
cakes
,
or
dugs
:
that
is
to
say
,
Convenient
and
proportionate
Organs
or
Instruments
designed
for
the
concocting
of
that
Albuginous
Aliment
,
and
for
preparing
it
for
the
attraction
of
the
Veins
.
And
therefore
those
Viviparous
Animals
which
have
not
these
Caruncles
or
After-birth
;
(
as
the
Mare
,
and
the
Sow
have
none
)
their
foetus
is
susteined
even
till
the
hour
of
their
birth
,
with
the
humours
which
are
conteined
in
the
Conception
onely
;
and
their
conception
doth
no
where
adhere
or
grow
to
the
Vterus
.
It
is
therefore
manifest
in
those
,
and
also
in
these
sorts
or
species
of
Viviparous
Animals
,
(
and
perhaps
in
all
other
whatsoever
;
)
that
the
Embryo
is
in
no
other
manner
susteined
in
the
Vterus
,
then
the
chicken
in
the
Egge
;
but
out
of
the
same
Nutritive
substance
,
and
of
like
kind
to
the
Aliment
in
the
White
of
an
Egge
.
For
as
in
an
Egge
,
the
extremities
of
the
Vmbilical
vessels
are
terminated
in
the
White
and
Yolk
:
so
likewise
in
Hinds
and
Does
,
and
other
Animals
,
that
are
furnished
with
these
Caruncles
,
the
extremity
of
the
Orifices
of
the
Vmbilical
vessels
are
opened
into
,
&
terminated
in
the
humour
which
is
conteined
in
the
Conception
;
and
in
that
white
substance
,
which
is
found
in
those
Orifices
or
Cotyledones
.
And
this
truth
is
hence
also
asserted
,
in
that
the
extremities
of
the
threads
or
filaments
of
the
Vmbilical
vessels
,
when
they
are
drawn
out
of
that
mucous
or
white
substance
,
are
all
of
them
white
likewise
;
which
is
a
forcible
argument
they
do
onely
imbibe
this
gelly
or
mucilage
,
and
not
blood
.
And
any
man
may
prove
the
same
Experiment
in
an
Egge
also
,
if
he
desire
it
.
The
After-burden
,
or
Vterine
cake
of
a
Woman
,
is
in
its
gibbous
part
,
wherewith
it
respects
the
Womb
,
uneven
,
&
hilly
,
by
reason
of
several
tumors
or
mushroom-like
substances
;
and
seems
by
their
mediation
to
grow
to
the
Womb.
As
if
it
were
not
fastned
to
the
womb
in
every
part
,
but
onely
in
those
places
,
where
the
vessels
disseminated
into
it
do
extract
Aliment
,
and
in
which
for
that
cause
,
the
extremities
of
the
vessels
are
broken
off
.
Now
whether
those
extremities
or
terminations
of
the
vessels
do
suck
blood
from
the
Womb
,
or
rather
some
kind
of
concocted
substance
like
to
the
White
of
an
Egge
,
such
as
we
perceive
plainly
in
Hinds
,
and
Does
,
I
am
not
yet
satisfied
.
Lastly
,
(
that
the
truth
in
hand
may
be
certainly
confirmed
)
if
you
squeeze
those
caruncles
between
your
fingers
;
you
may
easily
Milk
as
much
of
that
Nutritive
juice
as
a
spoon
can
contein
,
out
of
any
one
of
those
Caruncles
;
(
as
out
of
a
Nipple
)
without
any
appearance
of
blood
at
all
;
which
blood
you
shall
never
squeez
from
them
though
you
force
them
never
so
much
.
Moreover
,
the
caruncle
thus
milked
&
drained
,
doth
contract
it self
,
and
flag
,
like
to
a
sponge
that
is
squeezed
,
and
appears
to
be
bored
through
with
several
perforations
.
So
that
by
all
signs
and
tokens
it
appears
that
those
Caruncles
are
Ubera
Vterina
,
the
Breasts
or
Vdders
of
the
Uterus
,
or
the
receptacles
and
store-houses
of
that
Nutritive
white
substance
.
At
the
end
of
December
,
these
Caruncles
do
less
firmly
cleave
to
the
Vterus
,
then
they
did
before
,
and
are
with
case
divided
from
it
.
And
by
how
much
the
foetus
doth
improve
,
and
grow
neerer
to
the
birth
,
so
much
the
easier
do
those
caruncles
disjoin
from
the
Womb
:
and
in
the
end
(
as
ripe
fruit
falls
off
from
the
Tree
)
they
depart
from
the
Vterus
of
their
own
accord
,
as
being
things
which
relate
to
the
conception
.
And
when
they
are
parted
from
the
Womb
,
you
may
,
in
the
impressions
which
they
leave
behind
them
,
perceive
the
points
or
terminations
of
the
Arteries
which
pass
on
towards
them
,
breathing
forth
blood
.
But
if
you
force
the
conception
from
the
caruncles
,
no
blood
doth
issue
out
from
the
impressions
which
they
leave
behind
them
:
though
it
do
seem
more
consonant
to
reason
,
that
blood
should
issue
out
of
the
caruncles
,
then
of
the
conception
upon
their
divorce
.
For
since
the
caruncles
are
embroidered
by
several
propagations
of
Arteries
derived
from
the
Vterus
;
and
are
commonly
conceived
to
convey
blood
for
the
nutriment
of
the
Foetus
,
they
ought
in
consequence
to
abound
with
plenty
of
Blood
.
And
yet
though
you
milk
or
compress
them
,
they
effund
no
blood
at
all
;
because
they
are
not
ful
of
blood
,
but
of
this
white
substance
;
nor
do
they
seem
to
be
instruments
instituted
for
the
concoction
of
the
former
,
but
Promptuaries
,
or
Treasuries
of
the
latter
.
By
which
it
is
apparent
,
that
the
foetus
in
the
Womb
,
is
not
susteined
by
the
Mothers
blood
,
but
by
this
white
substance
fitly
prepared
.
And
perhaps
even
grown
bodies
are
not
nourished
by
blood
,
but
something
which
runs
in
the
blood
,
is
their
common
and
last
Aliment
:
as
shall
perhaps
be
elsewhere
discovered
in
our
Physiological
Treatise
,
and
in
the
proper
disceptation
relating
to
the
blood
.
I
do
much
question
the
truth
of
that
place
of
Hippocrates
,
where
he
saith
:
Those
Animals
whose
L.
de
nat.
Mul.
de
morb.
vulg.
&
Sect.
5.
&
aphor.
45.
Acetabula
or
Orifices
of
their
Vterine
vessels
are
full
of
a
mucous
substance
,
do
suffer
Abortment
.
For
that
substance
is
not
an
Excrement
,
and
cause
of
Abortion
,
but
an
Aliment
and
first
cause
of
life
.
But
Hippocrates
perhaps
meant
some
other
Acetabula
:
for
in
a
Woman
they
are
not
found
,
nor
hath
her
After-birth
any
such
substance
as
this
to
be
sensibly
perceived
in
any
of
its
cavities
.
The
Later
Physitians
,
according
to
the
opinion
of
the
Arabians
,
do
phansie
three
several
Nutritive
Humours
;
namely
,
Rorem
,
the
dewy
substance
,
Gluten
,
the
glutinous
substance
,
and
Cambium
,
the
substance
which
is
immediately
transformed
into
the
essence
of
the
parts
:
and
these
Fernelius
calls
succos
Nutritios
,
the
alible
juices
;
as
conceiving
,
that
the
Parts
of
our
bodies
are
not
immediatly
nourished
by
the
Blood
,
as
its
last
aliment
,
but
by
these
secundary
humours
:
by
the
first
whereof
,
as
by
a
kind
of
Dew
,
all
the
smallest
particles
of
the
body
and
parts
thereof
,
are
sprinckled
and
bedewed
;
which
humour
being
thickned
by
a
farther
concoction
,
and
sticking
more
firmly
to
the
Parts
,
is
now
called
Gluten
,
which
at
last
being
altered
and
assimilated
by
the
power
and
virtue
of
the
Parts
,
is
called
Cambium
.
We
may
,
according
to
these
Mens
conceit
,
call
that
substance
which
we
finde
in
the
Acetabula
,
or
Orifices
of
the
vessels
,
the
Gluten
,
or
Nutritive
white
,
and
say
that
it
is
(
as
being
the
last
Aliment
which
is
designed
to
all
the
several
parts
of
the
foetus
)
proportionable
to
the
White
or
Yolk
of
the
Egge
.
For
as
we
said
ere-while
,
with
Aristotle
,
that
the
Yolk
is
proportionable
to
milk
:
so
we
likewise
conceive
it
consonant
to
reason
,
to
affirm
,
that
this
substance
,
which
is
contained
in
the
Cotyledones
,
or
Acetabula
of
the
Uterine
cake
,
doth
supply
the
office
of
milk
to
the
foetus
,
so
long
as
it
continues
in
the
womb
:
and
consequently
,
that
the
Caruncles
are
as
it
were
Ubera
interna
,
internal
Dugs
,
and
that
the
alible
juice
is
(
after
the
delivery
)
transported
into
the
Breasts
,
and
there
made
milk
;
that
so
the
foetus
may
enjoy
the
same
nutriment
after
he
is
born
,
wherewith
he
was
fed
when
he
continued
in
the
womb
.
And
therefore
this
onely
difference
is
between
the
party-coloured
Eggs
of
Oviparous
Animals
(
which
are
compounded
of
the
Yolk
and
White
)
and
the
Eggs
or
Conceptions
of
Viviparous
Animals
,
that
in
the
former
,
the
Yolk
(
which
is
their
secundary
sustenance
)
is
provided
for
them
within
the
Egg
,
and
presently
upon
their
Exclusion
,
is
shut
up
within
the
belly
of
the
Chicken
,
as
being
reserved
there
for
their
support
;
but
in
the
latter
,
this
nutritive
substance
is
before
the
Birth
preserved
in
the
Acetabula
,
and
after
the
Birth
transmitted
to
the
Breasts
or
Udder
.
So
that
the
Pullus
is
supplied
with
a
kinde
of
milke
,
which
is
concluded
in
it self
;
but
the
Viviparous
foetus
,
sucks
the
same
from
the
duggs
of
the
Dam.
When
December
is
ended
,
seeing
that
in
the
subsequent
moneths
of
January
,
February
,
&c.
there
is
nothing
new
or
notable
doth
befall
the
foetus
,
but
all
its
accessions
have
been
observed
already
,
(
save
onely
the
Hair
,
Teeth
,
Horns
,
and
the
like
)
only
the
parts
formerly
described
seem
to
have
attained
a
larger
Augmentation
,
litle
or
nothing
respecting
the
business
of
Generation
,
we
conceive
it
useless
to
discourse
any
more
of
them
at
present
.
But
as
to
the
Conceptions
of
Ewes
,
I
have
dissected
divers
of
them
about
this
time
,
which
(
like
those
of
Does
)
did
also
resemble
the
figure
of
a
Wallet
,
or
double-pudding
,
being
extended
over
both
the
Horns
of
the
Womb.
In
some
of
these
Conceptions
I
found
two
foetus
;
in
other
,
one
only
,
and
that
void
of
all
kinde
of
wool
,
with
its
eyes
so
congealed
and
fixed
together
,
that
I
could
not
open
the
lids
,
and
yet
the
hoofs
were
already
made
.
Where
there
were
two
foetus
,
they
lay
in
several
Horns
of
the
Uterus
,
and
that
promiscuously
,
without
any
order
at
all
observed
,
the
male
being
sometimes
in
the
left
,
and
the
female
in
the
right
Horn
,
and
sometimes
clean
contrary
:
but
both
were
still
encompassed
in
the
same
common
Conception
,
and
concluded
in
the
same
exteriour
membrane
called
Chorion
;
whose
Extremities
or
ends
on
both
Sides
towards
the
termination
of
the
Horns
,
were
stained
as
it
were
by
a
kinde
of
cholerical
excrement
,
and
did
seem
to
have
some
turbid
and
excrementitious
matter
within
them
.
The
Caruncles
,
or
litle
Cakes
,
were
diverse
,
and
of
a
different
magnitude
,
and
of
a
distinct
figure
from
the
caruncles
of
Hinds
and
Does
:
for
in
Ewes
,
there
is
a
kind
of
round
mushroom
with
the
stalk
broken
off
,
contained
between
the
Coats
of
the
Uterus
,
whose
gibbous
Part
lieth
towards
the
Uterus
;
(
as
it
is
also
in
the
Conceptions
of
Cowes
)
but
the
concave
(
which
is
smooth
)
towards
the
foetus
:
and
likewise
larger
Branches
or
Vessels
are
derived
to
this
concave
part
,
as
it
also
happens
to
the
interiour
part
of
a
Womans
After-burden
.
The
Propagations
of
the
Umbilical
Vessels
being
annexed
to
the
caruncles
,
do
grow
so
firmly
to
them
,
that
when
I
endeavoured
to
divide
them
,
the
gibbous
part
would
be
sooner
broken
off
from
the
interiour
coat
of
the
Womb
,
then
recede
from
the
Conception
:
contrary
to
their
custom
in
Hinds
and
Does
,
whose
membrane
called
Chorion
,
is
easily
separated
from
the
Cotylidones
of
the
caruncles
;
and
the
convexe
side
of
the
caruncles
,
which
adhereth
to
the
Conception
,
may
be
divided
from
it
;
but
the
Concave
part
,
or
root
rather
,
or
stalk
,
sticketh
fast
to
the
Uterus
.
But
in
other
matters
,
the
office
is
alike
in
all
,
and
they
have
the
like
Acetabula
,
and
an
Albugineous
gelly
may
in
like
manner
be
milked
out
of
them
,
as
out
of
these
caruncles
of
Cowes
also
.
Where
there
is
but
one
single
foetus
in
a
Conception
,
there
that
foetus
doth
transmit
his
Umbilical
Vessels
to
all
the
caruncles
of
both
the
Horns
of
the
womb
,
that
so
he
may
derive
nutriment
from
both
.
But
that
Horn
wherein
the
foetus
himself
(
swimming
in
the
crystal
water
which
lies
within
the
coat
called
Amnion
)
doth
reside
,
is
larger
then
the
other
.
But
where
there
are
two
foetus
in
one
and
the
same
Conception
,
there
each
of
them
are
confined
to
their
proper
caruncles
,
and
do
transmit
their
Umbilical
Vessels
into
their
own
proper
Horn
only
,
and
receive
their
Nutriment
from
thence
.
If
it
be
a
Male
foetus
,
the
Testicles
are
large
(
for
it's
time
)
hanging
without
in
the
Scrotum
.
If
an
Ewe-lamb
,
the
Udder
hanging
in
the
same
place
,
hath
litle
Tets
or
Nipples
,
as
Womens
Breasts
.
In
the
twofold
stomack
of
the
foetus
(
namely
,
the
Maw
and
the
Dew-lap
)
there
appeared
a
crystal
water
like
to
that
where
he
swam
;
for
they
did
agree
both
in
colour
,
sent
,
taste
,
and
consistence
:
there
was
also
in
the
upper
Guts
a
substance
like
to
chyle
;
in
the
lower
,
a
green
excrement
,
and
dry
dung
,
such
as
they
use
to
eject
when
they
graze
:
the
Liver
was
something
large
,
and
the
Bladder
of
Gall
of
an
oblong
figure
,
and
in
some
of
them
it
was
quite
empty
.
But
as
to
the
order
of
the
production
of
the
Parts
,
we
have
still
found
the
same
to
be
observed
in
all
Viviparous
Embryo's
whatsoever
,
as
Experience
hath
revealed
to
us
in
that
of
the
Egge
,
the
Hinde
,
and
the
Doe
.
Of
the
Innate
Heat
.
EXER
.
LXXI
.
BEcause
there
is
much
talk
of
the
Calidum
Innatum
,
or
Innate
Heat
,
we
do
intend
in
this
place
(
by
way
of
second
course
,
or
addition
)
to
discourse
a
while
concerning
both
it
,
and
the
Humidum
Primigenium
,
the
Radical
or
Primigenial
moisture
;
and
that
the
rather
,
because
I
perceive
many
men
to
please
themselves
much
with
those
two
Notions
,
when
as
(
according
to
my
judgement
)
they
do
not
understand
their
meaning
.
The
truth
is
,
there
is
no
need
at
all
to
enquire
after
any
kinde
of
spirit
distinct
from
the
Blood
it self
,
or
to
introduce
any
forraign
heat
,
or
invoke
the
Deities
to
appear
in
the
fable
,
and
so
trim
up
Philosophie
with
vain
opinions
and
fictions
;
for
what
we
commonly
derive
from
the
Starres
,
is
bred
and
born
at
home
,
and
within
us
.
For
the
Blood
alone
is
the
true
Galidum
Innatum
,
or
first-born
Animal
heat
:
as
it
is
made
apparent
by
our
observations
concerning
the
Generation
of
Animals
;
(
especially
of
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Egge
)
and
therefore
to
multiply
Entities
,
is
meerly
frivolous
.
For
,
indeed
,
there
is
nothing
either
before
,
or
more
excellent
in
the
Animal
body
,
then
Blood
;
nor
are
those
spirits
which
some
men
distinguish
from
Blood
,
any
where
to
be
found
a
part
from
the
blood
;
and
the
Blood
it self
,
without
spirit
and
heat
,
is
no
longer
to
be
called
Blood
,
but
Gore
.
The
Blood
,
De
part
.
an
.
l.
2
c.
3.
saith
Aristotle
,
is
in
a
manner
hot
,
and
in
such
a
manner
,
as
it
hath
the
essence
of
Blood
in
being
hot
just
as
if
we
should
express
Hot
water
under
one
word
:
but
yet
being
considered
as
the
subject
of
Heat
,
and
such
a
substance
,
as
when
it
is
in
being
,
is
Blood
,
so
it
is
not
hot
:
for
it
is
in
some
respect
hot
per
se
,
or
essentially
,
&
in
some
respect
it
is
not
hot
per
se
;
for
Heat
is
of
its
essence
,
as
Whiteness
is
of
the
essence
of
a
white
man
:
but
for
asmuch
as
it
is
blood
,
in
relation
to
Action
or
Passion
,
so
it
is
not
calidus
per
se
,
or
essentially
hot
.
We
Physitians
call
that
Spiritus
,
a
Spirit
,
which
Hippocrates
called
Impetum
faciens
,
that
is
,
whatsoever
doth
attempt
any
thing
proprio
conamine
,
by
its
own
proper
endeavour
,
and
doth
set
upon
any
action
,
or
excite
any
motion
with
agility
and
vehemence
:
and
under
that
capacity
,
the
spirits
of
Wine
,
or
of
Vitriol
,
are
called
spirits
.
And
hereupon
Physitians
count
as
many
spirits
,
as
principal
parts
,
or
operations
;
namely
,
Animal
,
Vital
,
Natural
,
Visory
,
Auditory
,
Concoctive
,
Generative
,
Implanted
,
Influent
Spirits
,
&c.
But
the
Blood
(
the
primogenit
and
principal
part
of
the
Body
)
is
furnished
with
all
these
respective
qualities
,
and
endowed
with
active
power
beyond
all
other
parts
of
the
body
,
and
doth
therefore
deserve
the
name
of
a
spirit
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
Scaliger
,
Fernelius
,
&
others
,
having
not
throughly
considered
the
excellent
endowments
implanted
in
the
Blood
,
have
phansied
other
Aerial
or
Aetherial
spirits
,
composed
of
an
Aetherial
and
Elementary
substance
,
to
be
a
more
excellent
and
diviner
Innate
heat
then
blood
;
which
they
conceited
to
be
the
most
immediate
instrument
of
the
Soul
,
most
proportionable
to
all
its
operations
:
grounding
their
opinion
upon
this
opinion
;
namely
,
that
the
Blood
(
as
being
a
substance
compounded
out
of
the
Elements
only
)
cannot
perform
any
action
beyond
the
sphere
or
activity
of
the
Elements
,
and
such
bodies
as
are
framed
out
of
them
.
Hereupon
they
feigned
a
distinct
spirit
,
and
innate
heat
,
which
is
of
a
celestial
extract
;
namely
,
a
most
simple
,
most
subtle
,
most
thin
,
swift
,
lucid
,
and
aetherial
substance
,
partaking
of
a
fift
essence
.
But
yet
they
have
no
where
demonstrated
that
there
is
any
such
substance
,
or
that
it
doth
act
beyond
the
power
of
the
Elements
,
or
execute
greater
things
then
the
Blood
alone
is
able
to
accomplish
.
But
we
,
who
examine
the
nature
of
things
according
to
sense
,
have
never
discovered
any
such
substance
.
Nor
are
there
in
the
Body
any
receptacles
designed
to
the
conservation
,
or
generation
of
such
matters
,
and
they
themselves
also
have
not
assigned
any
.
Feruelius
,
indeed
,
saith
,
That
whosoever
hath
not
yet
attained
to
the
knowledge
of
the
substance
and
condition
of
the
Innate
Heat
,
must
first
consider
the
structure
of
our
bodies
,
and
then
address
himself
to
the
arteries
which
are
seated
in
the
cavity
of
the
Heart
,
and
to
the
Ventricles
of
the
Braine
;
which
when
he
shall
discover
void
and
empty
,
and
without
any
humour
contained
therein
,
yet
can
be
not
imagine
that
such
worthy
matters
are
made
by
Nature
rashly
,
and
to
no
use
:
and
upon
this
consideration
,
I
conceive
,
he
will
presently
conclude
,
that
while
the
Animal
was
alive
,
they
were
replenished
by
some
thin
Aerial
substance
,
which
when
the
animal
Soul
departed
,
being
exceeding
light
,
did
insensibly
vanish
.
Now
,
to
support
this
substance
,
the
faculty
of
Inspiration
is
bestowed
upon
us
,
which
doth
not
onely
coole
the
body
(
for
that
might
be
derived
to
us
by
other
meanes
)
but
also
administer
a
kinde
of
nourishment
.
But
we
affirm
,
that
(
so
long
as
the
Animal
is
alive
)
the
Arteries
&
Ventricles
of
the
Heart
,
are
filled
with
blood
;
reputing
the
Ventricles
of
the
Brain
,
to
be
too
mean
instruments
for
so
noble
a
work
,
conceiving
them
rather
allotted
to
the
reception
of
excrements
.
For
,
what
shall
we
say
of
those
several
Animals
,
whose
Brain
hath
no
Ventricles
at
all
?
And
though
we
should
admit
,
that
a
kinde
of
Aire
or
vapour
may
be
there
found
(
because
Nature
doth
decline
a
vacuity
)
yet
that
that
substance
is
of
a
celestial
extract
,
and
heir
apparent
to
such
excellent
performances
,
hath
no
semblance
of
truth
at
all
.
But
that
which
we
most
admire
,
is
,
How
this
so
exquisite
,
so
divine
a
Spirit
,
should
be
sustained
and
fed
by
our
common
elementary
aire
?
especially
,
since
themselves
assure
us
,
that
none
of
the
Elements
can
perform
any
thing
beyond
their
own
abilities
.
These
men
do
likewise
confess
,
that
the
spirit
is
in
continual
declension
,
and
quickly
dissipated
,
and
corrupted
,
and
that
it
could
not
subsist
one
moment
of
time
,
were
it
not
repaired
by
the
plentiful
accession
of
outward
aliment
;
and
that
therefore
like
the
Primum
Vivens
,
the
first
particle
inspired
with
life
,
it
must
continually
be
fed
.
And
now
what
need
of
this
forraign
guest
,
this
Innomate
Spirit
,
or
etherial
heat
?
Since
the
blood
is
of
ability
to
execute
whatsoever
is
attributed
thereunto
;
and
since
these
spirits
cannot
recede
from
the
blood
,
(
without
their
dissolution
)
Nay
they
do
not
move
any
whither
,
or
insinuate
themselves
into
any
part
(
as
distinct
bodies
)
without
the
company
of
the
blood
.
For
whether
you
conceive
them
to
be
framed
,
nourished
,
and
increased
out
of
the
thinner
part
of
the
blood
,
(
as
some
imagine
)
or
out
of
the
primigenial
moisture
(
as
others
)
yet
all
confess
that
they
are
no
where
to
be
found
out
of
the
blood
,
but
that
they
continually
cleave
to
the
blood
,
as
to
their
support
(
as
the
flame
cleaveth
to
the
oyle
in
the
lamp
.
)
And
therefore
their
tenuity
,
subtlety
,
and
mobility
,
&c.
are
of
no
more
use
then
the
blood
,
whose
inseparable
companions
they
are
.
So
that
the
blood
is
sufficient
,
to
become
the
proportionate
and
immediate
instrument
of
the
Soul
;
because
it
is
every
where
present
,
and
doth
fly
to
and
fro
with
an
admirable
agility
.
Nor
are
there
any
other
bodies
,
or
spirital
incorporeal
qualities
,
or
any
diviner
heat
to
be
allowed
of
,
(
as
lux
&
lumen
,
the
Light
,
and
Shine
)
as
Caesar
If
these
men
pretend
,
that
these
spirits
do
reside
in
the
primigenial
moisture
,
as
in
the
last
Aliment
,
and
from
thence
insinuate
themselfs
into
the
whole
body
,
thereby
to
nourish
all
the
parts
;
they
then
conclude
upon
an
impossibility
,
namely
that
the
Calidum
Innatum
the
Innate
Heat
,
which
is
the
primigenial
part
of
the
body
(
and
stands
it self
in
need
of
sustenance
)
doth
nourish
the
whole
body
.
For
upon
this
account
,
the
same
thing
is
both
the
thing
that
is
nourished
,
&
also
the
thing
by
which
it
is
nourished
;
and
the
self
same
substance
,
under
the
same
respect
,
should
both
feed
it self
,
and
be
fed
also
,
which
is
indeed
impossible
:
for
in
probability
the
thing
which
doth
feed
,
and
the
thing
which
is
fed
,
are
not
so
much
as
mixed
together
:
for
miscible
things
must
be
of
equal
power
,
and
operate
one
upon
the
other
.
And
Aristotles
position
is
,
Ubi
nutritio
,
ibi
nulla
mistio
est
,
Where
there
is
Nutrition
,
there
is
no
Mistion
.
For
wheresoever
Nutrition
is
,
there
the
Aliment
is
one
thing
,
and
the
thing
nourished
another
;
and
a
necessity
of
the
transmutation
of
the
one
into
the
other
.
But
whereas
they
conceive
that
the
Spirits
,
and
the
last
or
primigenial
Aliment
,
or
some
other
thing
what
ever
it
be
in
an
Animal
,
can
(
more
then
the
blood
)
operate
above
the
power
of
the
Elements
;
they
seem
not
to
understand
what
it
is
to
operate
above
the
power
of
the
Elements
:
nor
do
they
rightly
interpret
that
place
of
Aristotle
,
where
he
De
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
3.
saith
:
Every
vertue
or
faculty
of
the
Soul
,
seemeth
to
partake
of
another
substance
,
and
that
more
divine
then
those
substances
which
are
called
Elements
.
And
likewise
where
he
saith
,
There
is
a
certain
thing
in
the
seed
of
all
things
,
causing
them
to
be
fruitful
,
which
thing
is
called
heat
,
which
is
not
fire
,
nor
no
such
faculty
,
but
a
spirit
which
is
conteined
in
the
seed
and
frothy
body
,
and
the
nature
which
is
in
that
spirit
is
answerable
in
proportion
to
the
Element
of
the
Stars
For
fire
doth
not
generate
any
Animal
,
nor
doth
any
thing
seem
to
be
constituted
by
thick
,
moist
,
or
dry
qualities
.
But
the
heat
of
the
Sun
,
and
of
Animals
,
not
that
onely
which
is
conteined
in
the
seed
,
but
also
whatsoever
excrement
there
be
,
though
of
a
different
nature
yet
even
that
also
hath
a
vital
principle
.
Wherefor
it
appeareth
by
what
hath
been
said
,
that
the
hea●
conteined
in
Animals
,
neither
is
it self
fire
,
nor
doth
take
its
original
from
fire
.
For
I
also
do
affirm
the
same
of
the
Innate
Heat
,
and
of
Blood
,
namely
that
they
are
not
Fire
,
neither
do
they
take
their
original
from
fire
,
but
do
partake
of
a
different
,
and
more
divine
substance
then
fire
is
,
and
therefore
do
not
act
by
any
elementary
faculty
;
but
as
in
the
seed
there
is
something
which
doth
make
it
fruitful
,
and
exceeds
the
vertues
or
powers
of
the
Elements
in
constituting
an
Animal
body
;
namely
the
spirit
and
the
nature
which
is
in
that
spirit
,
answerable
in
proportion
to
the
element
or
substance
of
the
Stars
.
So
likewise
in
the
Blood
,
there
is
a
spirit
or
virtue
,
which
doth
act
above
the
power
of
Elements
(
most
conspicuous
in
the
nutrition
or
preservation
of
each
particular
part
)
and
also
a
nature
,
nay
a
soul
in
that
spirit
and
blood
answerable
in
proportion
to
the
Element
of
the
Stars
.
And
lastly
,
it
is
most
evident
,
and
my
observations
do
plainly
shew
it
,
that
there
is
a
Heat
in
the
Blood
of
Animals
(
whilest
life
continueth
)
which
is
neither
fire
,
nor
doth
derive
its
original
from
fire
.
But
for
the
clearer
illustration
of
these
matters
,
give
us
leave
to
digress
a
while
from
our
purpose
,
and
declare
briefly
,
what
a
spirit
is
,
and
what
it
is
to
act
above
the
power
of
Elements
,
and
likewise
what
is
meant
by
these
words
,
namely
,
to
partake
of
a
different
body
,
and
that
more
divine
,
then
those
bodies
which
are
called
Elements
:
as
likewise
what
is
that
nature
in
that
spirit
which
is
answerable
in
proportion
to
the
element
or
substance
of
the
Stars
.
What
A
Spirit
,
and
Vital
principle
is
,
we
have
partly
spoken
already
,
and
shall
now
handle
something
more
largely
.
There
are
three
several
(
simple
)
bodies
,
which
do
chiefly
seem
to
challenge
the
name
,
or
function
at
least
of
a
spirit
;
namely
,
the
Fire
,
the
Aire
,
and
the
Water
;
and
every
one
of
these
doth
seem
to
partake
of
a
life
,
or
other
body
,
by
reason
of
their
perpetual
motion
and
flux
;
(
I
mean
)
the
Flame
,
the
Wind
,
and
the
Floud
.
The
Flame
is
the
Flux
,
or
Stream
of
Fire
,
the
Wind
of
Aire
,
and
the
Flood
of
Water
.
Flame
like
an
Animal
,
doth
move
it self
,
nourish
,
and
increase
it self
,
and
is
an
Embleme
of
humane
life
.
And
therefore
it
is
much
used
in
divine
Ceremonies
:
and
was
religiously
kept
(
as
a
sacred
thing
)
in
the
Temples
dedicated
to
Apollo
,
and
Vesta
,
by
Virgins
;
and
amongst
the
Persians
,
and
diverse
other
Nations
,
it
was
from
all
Antiquity
honoured
with
divine
worship
.
As
if
God
were
more
visible
in
Fire
,
and
did
converse
with
us
,
(
as
heretofore
with
Moses
)
out
of
the
Fire
.
The
Air
also
seems
to
merit
the
name
of
a
spirit
too
,
for
a
spirit
is
called
spiritus
a
spirando
,
from
breathing
;
and
Aristotle
confesseth
in
plain
tearms
,
that
there
is
a
kind
of
life
and
death
of
Winds
.
And
lastly
,
the
Water
of
the
Flood
De
gen.
an
.
l.
4.
c.
ult
.
or
River
,
is
called
Viva
,
living
Water
.
Those
three
bodies
therefore
(
in
as
much
as
they
enjoy
a
kind
of
life
)
do
seem
to
operate
above
the
power
of
Elements
,
and
so
partake
of
a
diviner
body
or
substance
,
and
hereupon
were
by
the
Heathen
ranked
amongst
the
gods
,
who
conceived
that
whatsoever
did
perform
any
eminent
effects
,
which
did
surpose
the
naked
abilities
of
the
Elements
,
those
effects
did
proceed
from
some
diviner
Agent
.
As
if
it
were
the
same
thing
,
to
act
above
the
power
of
the
Elements
,
and
to
partake
of
a
more
divine
essence
,
which
did
not
deduce
it selfe
from
the
Elements
.
Thus
in
like
manner
the
Blood
doth
act
above
the
Power
of
the
Elements
,
when
now
being
the
Primogenite
part
,
and
Innate
Heat
(
as
it
is
in
the
Seed
,
and
in
the
Spirit
)
it
doth
constitute
the
other
parts
in
order
;
and
this
with
an
eminent
providence
and
understanding
,
acting
in
order
to
a
certain
end
,
as
if
it
did
exercise
a
kind
of
Ratiocination
or
discourse
.
For
it
doth
not
these
offices
as
as
it
is
Elementary
,
and
deriveth
its
original
from
Fire
,
but
in
as
much
as
it
is
made
the
Primigenial
Heat
,
and
most
immediate
and
convenient
instrument
of
life
it self
,
by
being
impowred
by
the
Plastical
virtue
,
and
function
of
the
Vegetative
soul
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
the
Blood
is
the
Vegetal
part
of
Man
,
saith
Suidas
,
which
is
true
also
of
all
other
Animals
.
And
Virgil
seemeth
to
have
intended
as
much
,
where
he
saith
:
—
Unâ
eâdemque
viâ
sanguisque
Animusque
sequuntur
:
Both
Soul
and
Blood
The
Blood
therefore
is
a
Spirit
,
in
regard
of
its
excellent
power
and
virtue
;
and
also
celestial
,
because
the
Soul
is
an
Inne-mate
in
that
spirit
,
which
Soul
is
of
a
nature
answerable
in
proportion
to
the
Element
of
the
Stars
;
that
is
,
something
which
beareth
an
Analogy
to
the
Heavens
,
as
being
the
Instrument
and
Deputy
of
the
Heavens
.
And
so
in
this
manner
,
all
natural
bodies
fall
under
a
double
consideration
;
namely
,
as
they
are
considered
,
in
their
private
capacity
,
concluded
within
the
bounds
of
their
own
proper
nature
;
or
else
,
as
they
are
the
Instruments
of
a
nobler
Agent
,
and
superiour
power
.
For
being
considered
in
their
own
proper
abilities
,
it
is
perhaps
no
question
,
but
that
being
all
subject
to
generation
and
corruption
;
they
do
derive
their
original
from
the
Elements
,
and
act
according
to
their
rule
:
but
being
considered
as
they
are
the
Instruments
of
a
more
worthy
Agent
,
and
regulated
thereby
,
they
do
not
now
act
of
themselves
,
but
by
the
guidance
of
another
;
and
thereupon
seem
to
participate
of
another
more
divine
Essence
,
and
so
exceed
the
power
of
the
Elements
.
So
likewise
the
heat
of
the
blood
is
an
animal
heat
,
inasmuch
as
it
is
guided
in
its
operations
by
the
soul
;
and
also
a
Celestial
heat
,
as
being
subservient
to
the
Heavens
;
and
lastly
,
a
Divine
heat
,
in
that
it
is
the
Instrument
of
Almighty
God
:
as
we
have
formerly
said
,
where
we
also
did
demonstrate
,
that
the
Male
and
Female
,
are
the
Instruments
of
the
Sun
,
the
Heavens
,
and
of
God
himself
,
as
being
subservient
to
the
generation
of
Animals
.
The
Inferiour
World
,
according
to
Aristotle
,
is
so
continuous
to
the
Superiour
Orbes
,
that
all
its
motions
and
mutations
do
seem
to
borrow
their
original
,
and
regulation
from
them
.
And
truly
in
this
World
(
which
the
Greeks
call
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
from
the
beauty
of
its
order
)
the
inferiour
and
corruptible
things
are
subservient
to
the
superior
and
incorruptible
:
and
yet
they
all
are
obedient
to
the
will
of
the
Almighty
and
Eternal
Creator
.
They
therefore
who
conceive
that
in
a
body
compounded
of
the
Elements
,
it
cannot
act
beyond
the
power
of
the
Elements
;
except
it
do
also
participate
of
another
more
divine
body
;
and
upon
that
ground
,
do
suppose
those
Spirits
whereof
they
treat
,
to
be
constituted
partly
out
of
the
Elements
,
and
partly
out
of
a
certain
Aetherial
and
Celestial
substance
,
do
seem
to
have
built
their
reasons
upon
a
very
shallow
foundation
.
For
you
can
hardly
finde
out
any
Elementary
body
,
which
doth
not
in
its
actions
surpass
its
own
proper
power
.
Not
to
seek
farre
for
an
instance
,
which
is
every
where
obvious
;
the
Aire
and
the
Water
,
while
they
carry
ships
to
the
farthest
Indies
,
and
round
the
world
;
(
and
many
times
also
into
contrary
parts
)
while
they
Grinde
,
Bake
,
Sift
,
drain
deep
Wells
,
cut
Timber
in
sunder
,
kindle
fires
,
bear
up
some
things
,
and
overwhelm
others
,
and
perform
many
other
innumerable
and
wonderfull
offices
,
do
they
not
seem
to
act
above
the
power
of
Elements
?
So
also
Fire
;
how
many
,
and
how
strange
employments
doth
it
undergo
?
viz.
in
the
Kitchen
,
and
also
in
the
Shops
of
such
as
deal
in
Mettles
,
and
in
the
Chymists
furnace
,
by
sub●●●ation
,
fusion
,
concoction
,
corruption
,
coagulation
,
and
infinite
other
uses
.
What
shall
we
say
of
it
,
when
Iron
it self
is
produced
by
its
assistance
,
—
quod
terram
domat
,
&
quaetit
oppida
bello
?
Which
tills
the
Field
,
And
makes
Towns
yeild
.
When
the
Load-stone
(
to
which
Thales
did
therefore
ascribe
a
Soul
)
draws
Iron
unto
it
,
and
that
Mettle
which
subdueth
all
opposers
,
(
as
Pliny
speaketh
)
pursueth
after
I
know
not
what
vanity
;
and
the
Needle
also
being
only
touched
by
this
Loadstone
,
doth
still
direct
it self
towards
the
Poles
of
the
world
.
When
our
Clocks
do
faithfully
strike
all
the
houres
both
of
Day
and
Night
,
do
they
not
seem
to
partake
of
another
Body
,
(
besides
the
Elements
)
and
that
more
divine
then
the
Elements
?
Since
then
such
excellent
Operations
are
produced
by
the
dominion
and
sway
of
Art
;
which
operations
do
farre
exceed
the
power
of
the
Materials
themselves
;
what
shall
we
then
think
may
be
produced
by
the
prescript
and
regiment
of
Nature
,
whom
Art
doth
onely
imitate
?
And
if
they
effect
such
wonderfull
things
in
obedience
to
Men
,
what
performances
may
we
expect
from
them
,
when
they
are
instruments
in
the
hands
of
God
himself
.
In
short
therefore
,
this
distinction
is
necessary
,
namely
,
that
no
Primary
or
first
Agent
,
doth
act
any
thing
beyond
its
own
power
:
but
every
Instrumental
Agent
,
doth
exceed
its
own
power
;
for
it
acts
not
onely
by
its
own
power
,
but
also
by
the
virtue
of
the
superiour
efficient
.
They
therefore
which
deny
such
eminent
endowments
to
the
blood
,
and
flye
up
to
Heaven
to
fetch
down
I
know
not
what
Spirits
,
to
whom
they
may
ascribe
those
divine
operations
:
they
do
not
know
,
or
at
least
do
not
consider
,
that
the
work
of
Generation
(
and
of
Nutrition
also
,
which
is
indeed
a
Species
of
Generation
)
for
whose
sake
they
attribute
such
notable
prerogatives
to
those
Spirits
,
doth
much
exceed
the
power
of
those
spirits
themselvs
:
&
not
of
those
spirits
only
,
but
even
of
the
Vegetal
Soul
,
nay
of
the
Sensitive
,
&
in
a
word
,
of
the
Rational
soul
her self
,
and
not
the
power
only
,
but
the
very
apprehension
of
the
Rational
soul
;
for
the
Nature
and
Order
of
Generation
,
is
truly
admirable
and
divine
,
beyond
the
comprehension
and
grasp
of
our
thoughts
,
or
understanding
.
That
it
may
therefore
more
clearly
appear
,
that
those
eminent
attributes
which
learned
men
bestow
upon
the
Spirits
,
and
the
Innate
Heat
,
do
belong
to
the
blood
alone
;
These
few
following
considerations
do
offer
themselves
,
over
and
above
those
things
,
which
are
wonderfully
evident
in
an
Egge
(
before
any
rudiment
of
the
Chicken
appear
)
and
also
in
a
perfect
and
adult
Foetus
.
Namely
,
that
the
blood
being
considered
absolutely
in
it self
out
of
the
Veins
,
as
it
is
an
elementary
substance
,
and
composed
of
several
parts
(
namly
,
of
serous
,
thin
,
crass
,
and
concrete
parts
)
is
called
Cruor
,
Gore
,
and
doth
possess
a
few
onely
,
and
those
obscure
abilities
.
But
being
in
the
veins
,
as
it
is
a
part
of
the
body
,
and
that
also
an
Animate
,
and
Genital
part
,
and
the
Immediate
Instrument
,
and
primary
seat
of
the
soul
:
and
also
as
it
seemeth
to
partake
of
another
more
divine
body
,
and
is
inspired
with
a
divine
animal
heat
;
it
is
then
endowed
with
excellent
abilities
,
and
answerable
in
proportion
to
the
element
of
the
Stars
.
In
as
much
as
it
is
a
Spirit
,
so
it
is
the
Fire
,
the
Vesta
,
the
Houshold
deity
,
the
Calidum
Innatum
,
the
Sun
of
the
Microcosme
,
and
Platoes
Fire
;
not
because
(
like
ordinary
fire
)
it
shineth
,
burneth
,
and
destroyeth
:
but
because
it
doth
conserve
,
nourish
,
and
encrease
it self
,
by
a
free
perpetuall
motion
.
It
doth
also
challenge
the
name
of
Spirit
,
in
as
much
as
it
doth
primarily
,
and
before
the
other
parts
,
abound
with
Radical
moisture
,
which
is
the
last
and
neerest
aliment
thereof
,
and
doth
dispence
and
provide
the
same
sustenance
for
all
the
rest
of
the
parts
;
wherewith
it self
is
supported
:
namely
while
it
doth
nimbly
dart
it self
through
the
whole
body
,
and
nourish
,
cherish
,
and
keep
alive
all
the
parts
thereof
,
(
which
it self
doth
first
frame
,
and
adjoin
to
it selfe
)
after
the
same
manner
as
the
superiour
Orbes
(
but
especially
the
Sun
and
Moon
)
do
,
by
their
continual
motions
,
quicken
and
preserve
the
inferiour
world
.
Seeing
therefore
that
the
Blood
doth
act
above
the
power
of
the
Elements
,
and
is
inspired
with
such
notable
virtues
,
being
also
the
Instrument
of
the
Omnipotent
Agent
;
no
man
can
worthily
magnifie
and
extol
its
wonderful
and
divine
faculties
.
In
it
the
soul
doth
first
,
and
principally
reside
,
and
that
not
the
Vegetative
soul
onely
,
but
the
Sensitive
and
Motive
also
;
it
penetrates
every
part
,
and
is
every
where
present
;
and
that
being
taken
away
,
the
soul
is
presently
gone
:
so
that
the
blood
seems
to
differ
nothing
from
the
soul
;
or
ought
at
least
to
be
counted
that
substance
,
whose
act
the
soul
is
.
For
such
is
the
soul
,
that
it
is
not
altogether
a
body
,
nor
yet
wholly
without
a
body
;
it
comes
partly
from
without
,
and
is
partly
born
at
home
:
in
some
sort
it
is
a
part
of
the
body
,
and
in
some
the
beginning
and
cause
of
all
things
which
are
contained
in
the
Animal
body
;
namely
,
nutrition
,
sense
,
and
motion
;
and
so
consequently
of
Life
,
and
Death
also
:
for
whatsoever
is
nourished
,
doth
also
live
;
and
so
on
the
contrary
.
Likewise
whatsoever
is
plentifully
nourished
,
is
also
inlarged
;
but
that
which
is
too
sparingly
nourished
,
doth
diminish
:
that
also
which
is
perfectly
nourished
,
doth
continue
in
health
,
but
that
which
is
not
,
doth
incline
to
diseases
.
The
blood
therefore
,
as
well
as
the
soul
,
is
to
be
reputed
the
cause
and
author
,
both
of
Youth
,
and
Old
Age
,
of
Sleep
and
Waking
,
and
of
Breathing
also
:
especially
since
in
Natural
productions
the
first
Instrument
doth
contein
in
it self
the
internal
moving
cause
.
And
therefore
it
comes
all
to
the
same
reckoning
,
whether
we
say
,
that
the
soul
and
the
blood
,
or
the
blood
with
the
soul
,
or
the
soul
with
the
blood
,
doth
performe
all
the
effects
in
an
Animal
.
We
use
,
as
persons
that
neglect
the
things
themselves
,
to
pay
much
reverence
to
the
specious
names
.
The
blood
which
is
still
at
hand
,
and
daily
in
our
view
,
makes
no
great
noise
in
our
ears
;
but
at
the
magnificent
name
of
Spirits
,
and
of
an
Innate
Heat
,
we
are
strangely
amused
.
But
when
once
the
vizour
is
plucked
from
before
them
,
as
our
errour
,
so
our
wonder
ceaseth
.
That
miraculous
Stone
,
rendered
so
venerable
to
Mizaldus
by
the
commendation
of
Pipinus
,
did
not
onely
fill
him
with
admiration
,
but
Thuanus
also
:
(
who
was
an
eminent
Historiographer
in
his
time
)
I
shall
here
adjoin
the
Riddle
it self
.
I
saw
,
saith
he
,
a
Stone
which
was
lately
brought
hither
to
our
King
out
of
the
East
Indies
,
which
Stone
did
dart
forth
light
,
and
brightness
,
after
a
wonderful
manner
,
sparkling
and
shining
with
so
much
incredible
lustre
,
as
if
it
were
all
burning
,
and
in
a
flame
.
This
stone
doth
by
his
rayes
scattered
into
every
corner
,
illustrate
the
ambient
aire
with
so
clear
a
shine
,
that
the
firmest
sight
is
scarce
able
to
behold
it
.
It
is
also
most
impatient
of
earth
:
for
if
you
attempt
to
cover
it
,
it
doth
of
its
own
accord
,
with
an
impetuous
violence
fly
upward
.
All
the
Art
of
man
cannot
confine
and
shut
it
up
into
a
narrow
room
,
for
it
seemeth
to
be
affected
with
free
&
open
places
onely
.
The
infinite
purity
,
and
brightness
thereof
,
is
not
tainted
by
the
least
spot
,
or
blemish
.
It
hath
no
certain
shape
or
figure
,
but
varieth
,
and
is
altered
in
an
instant
.
And
though
it
be
most
faire
and
beautiful
to
the
Eye
:
yet
will
it
not
endure
to
be
touched
:
and
if
you
attempt
too
long
to
handle
it
,
and
continue
too
obstinate
in
your
resolution
,
it
will
mischiefe
you
:
as
many
in
my
presence
have
deerly
found
.
And
if
any
thing
be
by
violence
taken
from
it
,
it
remaines
for
all
that
(
which
is
very
wonderful
)
nothing
less
then
it
was
before
.
The
stranger
who
brought
it
,
addes
farther
to
all
this
,
that
its
virtue
and
power
is
exceeding
useful
to
sundry
emploiments
,
but
will
not
discover
them
without
a
great
reward
.
This
travailer
also
might
have
added
to
his
description
,
that
this
Stone
is
neither
soft
nor
hard
;
that
it
puts
on
several
shapes
and
complexions
,
that
it
hath
a
continual
trembling
and
palpitation
,
and
doth
like
an
Animal
(
though
it
be
an
Inanimate
thing
)
daily
devour
great
store
of
food
,
converting
it
to
its
own
nutriment
and
augmentation
:
and
that
he
hath
been
told
by
men
of
good
credit
,
that
this
Stone
did
long
ago
fall
down
from
heaven
,
and
is
to
this
day
the
cause
of
Thunders
and
Lightnings
;
being
some
times
begotten
by
the
refraction
of
the
Sun-beams
through
the
Waters
.
Who
can
but
admire
so
strange
a
Stone
,
and
conceive
less
of
it
,
then
to
be
above
the
power
of
the
Elements
,
and
so
to
partake
of
another
body
,
and
of
an
etherial
spirit
,
especially
when
he
finds
that
it
is
answerable
in
proportion
to
the
Element
or
substance
of
the
sun
himself
.
And
yet
if
Fernelius
De
abd.
rer.
caus
.
l.
2.
c.
17
may
be
the
Oedipus
,
all
this
is
but
a
Riddle
of
the
Flame
.
In
like
manner
,
if
I
should
describe
the
Blood
under
the
veil
and
covering
of
a
Fable
,
calling
it
the
Philosophers
stone
,
and
displaying
all
its
endowments
,
operations
,
and
faculties
,
in
an
aenigmatical
manner
;
doubtless
every
body
would
set
a
greater
price
upon
it
,
and
believing
it
to
act
beyond
the
Activity
of
the
elements
,
would
ascribe
another
and
more
divine
body
unto
it
.
Of
the
Primigenial
Moisture
.
EXER
:
LXXII
.
WE
have
now
adorned
the
Blood
with
the
Title
of
Calidum
Innatum
;
and
do
likewise
conceive
it
proper
,
to
dignifie
the
Colliquamentum
Crystallinum
,
as
we
cal
it
(
out
of
which
the
foetus
,
and
its
first
parts
do
immediately
arise
)
by
the
name
of
Humidum
radicale
&
Primigenium
,
the
Radical
and
Primigenial
moisture
.
For
we
meet
with
nothing
in
the
Generation
of
Animals
,
to
which
this
title
doth
upon
better
right
belong
.
We
have
stiled
it
the
Radical
moisture
,
because
out
of
it
the
first
particle
of
the
foetus
,
namely
the
Blood
,
and
all
the
post-genit
parts
do
arise
,
as
out
of
their
Root
;
and
do
owne
the
same
,
as
the
matter
out
of
which
they
are
procreated
,
sed
,
increased
and
conserved
.
We
likewise
call
it
Primigenial
,
because
it
is
first
generated
in
the
constitution
of
every
Animal
,
and
is
as
it
were
the
foundation
of
all
the
other
parts
:
as
is
evident
in
an
Egge
,
in
which
after
a
short
time
of
Incubation
,
it
doth
approve
it self
to
be
the
first
production
of
the
implanted
fructifying
,
and
generative
faculty
.
It
is
likewise
the
most
simple
,
pure
,
and
sincere
body
imaginable
:
wherein
all
the
parts
of
the
Chicken
do
abide
in
potentiâ
,
but
none
,
actu
:
nature
seeming
to
have
afforded
to
it
the
same
priviledge
which
men
commonly
ascribe
to
the
materiaprima
,
or
first
Matter
,
for
which
all
things
spring
;
namely
,
to
be
capable
of
all
formes
,
potentially
,
but
to
possess
none
,
actually
.
So
the
Crystalline
humour
of
the
Eye
,
to
the
intent
that
it
may
be
susceptible
of
all
Colours
,
is
it self
void
of
all
:
and
in
like
manner
the
Mediums
,
or
organs
of
each
particular
sense
,
are
quite
destitute
of
the
qualities
of
sensible
things
,
or
objects
:
namely
the
Organs
of
Hearing
and
Smelling
,
and
the
Aire
which
is
subservient
unto
them
,
are
without
all
Sound
or
Odour
:
so
likewise
,
the
moisture
of
the
tongue
and
mouth
,
is
of
it self
insipid
.
And
upon
this
Argument
chiefly
doe
they
rely
,
who
constitute
Intellectum
possibilem
incorporeum
,
a
Potential
Understanding
which
is
incorporeal
,
namely
,
because
it
is
susceptible
of
all
formes
without
matter
;
and
as
the
Hand
is
called
Organum
Organorum
,
the
instrument
of
instruments
,
so
they
affirm
that
to
be
forman
formarum
,
the
Form
of
forms
,
having
no
matter
at
all
,
but
being
altogether
Incorporeal
,
and
therefore
they
assert
it
to
be
Possibilis
,
Potential
,
but
not
Passibilis
,
passible
.
And
this
moisture
also
doth
seem
,
if
not
the
same
,
yet
proportionable
to
the
last
Aliment
,
whereof
Aristotle
doth
teach
that
the
Animal
Geniture
or
Seed
is
made
.
I
say
the
last
Aliment
,
which
the
Arabians
call
Ros
,
the
Dew
,
wherewith
all
the
parts
of
the
Body
are
moistned
and
bedewed
.
For
as
that
dew
doth
by
farther
condensation
and
adhesion
pass
into
the
alible
gluten
,
or
glewey
substance
,
and
Cambium
,
which
is
that
substance
which
doth
constitute
the
parts
of
the
body
:
so
on
the
contrary
,
in
the
first
generation
and
nutrition
,
out
of
the
glutinous
substance
dissolved
and
rarefied
,
is
made
a
Dew
:
namely
,
out
of
the
White
of
an
Egge
is
the
Colliquamentum
framed
;
which
is
the
radical
moisture
,
and
Ros
primigenius
,
the
primigenial
Dew
.
Nay
if
there
be
any
faith
due
to
our
observations
,
the
matter
is
the
selfe
same
in
both
;
and
that
is
a
truth
which
all
Philosophers
consent
in
,
and
Physitians
do
not
dissent
,
namely
,
that
an
Animal
is
nourished
by
the
same
thing
whereof
it
is
made
;
and
augmented
by
that
out
of
which
it
is
generated
.
So
that
Ros
nutritius
,
the
nutritive
Dew
,
doth
differ
from
the
Colliquamentum
,
or
primigenial
moisture
,
onely
under
the
several
respect
of
that
which
is
first
,
and
that
which
is
after
:
in
that
this
is
concocted
and
made
by
the
Parents
,
and
that
by
the
Foetus
it selfe
:
and
both
the
juices
are
the
next
and
immediate
aliment
of
the
Animal
:
yet
not
the
first
aliment
;
according
to
that
saying
,
Contraria
ex
contrariis
augeri
necesse
est
,
Contraries
are
are
necessarily
encreased
out
of
contraries
;
but
the
last
(
as
I
have
said
,
and
as
Aristotle
also
doth
denote
)
according
to
that
other
saying
,
Similiae
ex
similibus
,
Like
are
fed
by
like
.
And
both
these
humours
doe
stand
in
that
proximâ
potentiâ
,
that
next
or
most
immediate
capacity
or
potentiality
,
by
which
(
all
impediments
being
removed
)
they
are
ready
of
their
own
accord
,
or
by
the
law
of
nature
,
to
pass
or
be
transformed
into
all
the
parts
of
the
Body
.
Which
things
being
so
,
all
the
controversies
which
doe
arise
concerning
the
matter
,
and
aliment
of
Animals
,
seeme
to
be
easily
reconciled
.
For
whereas
some
were
of
opinion
,
that
the
seed
,
or
matter
ejected
in
coition
was
deduced
from
all
the
parts
of
the
body
,
and
that
therefore
the
child
had
the
resemblance
of
the
Parents
imprinted
in
it
,
Aristotle
saith
thus
:
We
must
be
of
a
different
judgement
from
the
Ancients
:
for
whereas
they
doe
De
gen.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
18.
own
that
to
be
the
seed
which
is
discharged
from
the
whole
body
;
we
conclude
that
to
be
the
seed
,
which
of
its
own
inclination
doth
conduce
to
the
constitution
of
the
whole
body
:
and
whereas
they
call
it
a
Colliquamentum
,
or
melted
substance
,
we
rather
stile
it
excrementum
,
an
excrement
;
(
but
he
had
a
little
before
said
,
I
call
an
excrement
the
reliques
of
the
aliment
,
and
a
Colliquamentum
,
that
which
is
separated
from
the
excrement
by
a
praeternatural
resolution
:
)
for
that
which
commeth
last
to
the
parts
,
and
is
the
excrement
of
that
last
aliment
,
is
in
probability
a
like
substance
.
As
Painters
have
commonly
some
remnant
of
those
colours
,
which
they
have
spent
upon
their
Pictures
:
but
now
that
which
doth
melt
away
and
dissolve
,
doth
corrupt
and
degenerate
.
One
Argument
to
prove
that
the
excrement
is
rather
the
seed
,
then
any
colliquated
matter
,
is
this
;
namely
,
that
those
Animals
which
are
of
great
growth
,
are
less
fruitfull
;
but
little
Animals
are
most
of
all
fertile
.
For
there
must
of
necessity
be
more
dissolved
matter
in
great
Animals
,
but
less
excrement
:
for
the
stock
of
aliment
is
wasted
in
the
support
of
a
large
bulk
;
and
thereupon
there
is
little
excrement
.
Moreover
,
there
is
no
place
designed
by
nature
for
the
reception
of
that
substance
or
matter
which
doth
melt
off
from
the
body
:
but
there
is
a
place
assigned
to
all
the
natural
excrements
:
as
for
example
,
the
Guts
are
intended
for
the
excrements
of
the
dry
aliment
;
the
bladder
of
urine
for
the
moist
;
the
stomack
for
the
profitable
or
usefull
excrements
;
and
the
Womb
,
the
Genital
parts
,
and
the
Breasts
,
for
the
Seminal
:
for
unto
those
places
they
resort
,
and
assemble
themselves
.
Likewise
by
several
other
arguments
he
proceedeth
to
maintain
,
that
the
seminal
substance
,
out
of
which
the
Foetus
is
framed
,
is
the
same
with
that
which
is
provided
for
the
nourishment
of
the
parts
.
As
if
a
man
should
desire
a
little
colouring
from
a
Painter
;
surely
the
Painter
would
not
scrape
off
that
colouring
which
he
hath
already
laid
upon
his
Picture
,
but
afford
him
some
of
that
which
remains
,
and
this
supernumerary
staffe
is
of
the
same
nature
with
that
which
he
hath
expended
upon
his
Picture
.
So
likewise
the
Excrement
of
the
last
Aliment
,
or
the
Reliques
of
that
nutritious
substance
which
is
called
Ros
,
and
Gluten
,
is
deposited
in
the
Genetal
parts
:
and
this
opinion
is
most
agreeable
to
the
Generation
of
the
Egges
in
the
Hen.
Physitians
also
(
who
conclude
that
all
the
parts
at
the
beginning
are
made
out
of
seed
,
or
sperme
,
(
and
upon
that
ground
call
them
spermatical
parts
)
do
affirm
that
the
seed
is
by
the
power
of
the
Genital
parts
made
out
of
the
last
aliment
(
which
they
with
Aristotle
conceive
to
be
blood
)
and
so
doth
constitute
the
matter
of
the
Foetus
.
It
is
indeed
a
plain
case
,
that
the
egge
is
produced
by
the
Hen
,
and
from
her
last
aliment
(
namely
her
Ros
nutritius
,
her
nutritive
juice
.
)
The
White
therefore
of
an
Egge
,
or
that
primogenit
,
or
rather
antegenit
colliquamentum
,
or
melted
substance
,
is
to
be
reputed
the
truer
seed
of
the
Hen
(
though
it
be
not
ejected
in
coition
,
but
provided
ready
before
coition
,
or
else
collected
after
it
;
(
as
shall
be
perhaps
more
largely
declared
,
to
be
incident
to
several
Animals
)
which
the
geniture
of
the
Male
,
doth
according
to
Aristotle
,
coagulate
.
Since
therefore
I
plainly
see
,
that
all
the
parts
are
fashioned
and
fed
by
this
one
moisture
onely
,
(
as
the
matter
and
first
root
of
all
)
and
since
the
fore-cited
argument
doth
necessarily
conclude
as
much
;
I
can
scarce
refrain
my
pen
from
rebuking
those
that
follow
Empedocles
and
Hippocrates
also
:
(
who
will
needs
have
all
similar
bodies
to
be
generated
by
the
congregation
of
the
four
contrary
Elements
:
(
as
being
mixt
bodies
)
and
dissolved
or
corrupted
by
their
segregation
)
nor
is
Democritus
and
the
Epicureans
,
who
follow
him
,
less
blameable
,
who
constitute
all
things
out
of
the
confluence
of
Atomes
of
different
Figures
.
For
it
was
their
errour
of
old
,
and
is
a
popular
errour
at
this
day
,
that
all
similar
bodies
are
framed
out
of
heterogeneous
or
different
bodies
.
For
according
to
this
opinion
,
had
a
man
Lincous
his
eyes
he
could
not
discerne
any
thing
that
were
similar
,
one
in
number
,
identity
,
and
continuity
:
but
there
were
nothing
but
an
appearing
union
,
and
an
assembly
or
heap
made
up
of
a
congregation
and
certaine
colligation
of
indivisible
bodies
:
so
that
generation
were
nothing
else
but
an
aggregation
,
and
convenient
positure
of
several
parts
.
But
for
my
part
,
neither
in
the
production
of
Animals
,
nor
in
the
generation
of
any
similar
body
whatsoever
,
(
whether
it
were
of
the
parts
of
Animals
,
Plants
,
Stones
,
or
Minerals
,
&c.
)
I
could
never
discover
any
such
congregation
,
or
any
several
praeexistent
miscible
bodies
,
which
were
to
be
united
afterwards
in
the
work
of
Generation
.
Nor
(
so
far
as
I
could
ever
yet
perceive
,
or
by
any
meanes
observe
)
are
there
any
similar
parts
which
are
first
constituted
in
their
several
order
,
or
existence
at
the
same
time
together
(
as
membranes
,
flesh
,
fibres
,
gristles
,
bones
,
&c.
)
that
so
from
them
conioined
together
(
as
out
of
the
Elements
or
first
rudiments
of
Animals
)
the
organs
or
parts
,
and
the
whole
entire
animal
should
at
last
be
framed
;
but
as
we
said
before
,
the
first
rudiment
of
the
body
is
onely
a
similar
soft
gluten
,
or
stiff
,
substance
,
not
unlike
a
spermatical
concernment
,
or
coagulated
seed
:
out
of
which
(
the
decree
of
Generation
going
on
)
being
changed
,
cut
in
sunder
,
or
distributed
into
several
parcels
,
as
by
the
divine
Mandat
as
we
have
said
,
(
let
here
be
a
Bone
,
there
a
Nerve
,
or
a
Muscle
,
here
the
Bowels
,
the
receptacles
of
the
Excrements
,
&c.
)
out
of
an
inorganical
substance
,
was
made
an
organical
:
out
of
one
,
and
that
one
being
of
the
same
nature
,
were
many
things
made
,
and
those
also
diverse
,
and
contrary
:
not
by
a
kind
of
transposition
,
or
local
motion
(
as
if
by
the
virtue
of
the
heat
,
there
did
arise
a
congregation
of
homogeneous
,
and
a
disgregation
of
hetorogeneous
bodies
)
but
rather
by
a
disgregation
of
homogeneous
parts
,
or
bodies
,
then
any
composition
of
heterogeneous
.
And
this
do
I
believe
to
be
observed
in
every
Generation
;
so
that
the
Similary
mixt
bodies
have
not
their
Elements
existent
in
time
before
them
,
but
are
rather
themselves
in
being
before
their
Elements
,
(
whether
you
understand
by
Elements
the
Fire
,
the
Aire
,
the
Earth
,
and
the
Water
,
with
Empedocles
,
and
Aristotle
;
or
the
Salt
,
the
Sulphur
,
and
the
Mercury
,
with
the
Chymists
;
or
the
Atomes
with
Democritus
)
as
being
in
Nature
more
perfect
then
they
.
There
are
I
say
mixt
and
compounded
bodies
,
even
in
respect
of
time
before
any
Elements
,
as
they
call
them
,
into
which
they
are
corrupted
and
determine
;
for
they
are
dissolved
into
those
elements
rather
in
order
to
our
apprehension
,
then
really
and
actually
.
And
therefore
those
bodies
called
Elements
,
are
not
before
those
things
which
are
made
and
generated
;
but
rather
after
them
,
and
their
Reliques
rather
then
their
Principles
.
Nor
doth
Aristotle
himself
,
nor
any
other
Philosopher
,
demonstrate
that
the
elements
do
subsist
apart
,
or
are
the
Principles
of
similar
bodies
.
Indeed
Aristotle
,
where
he
goes
about
to
prove
,
in
potentiâ
:
and
doth
conceive
that
in
natural
things
they
are
in
potentiâ
rather
then
actu
:
and
therefore
he
affirms
that
there
are
such
things
as
Elements
,
out
of
the
division
,
segregation
,
and
solution
of
things
.
And
yet
that
is
but
an
infirme
argument
,
namely
,
that
natural
bodies
are
generated
or
compounded
first
out
of
those
things
,
into
which
they
are
at
last
dissolved
and
corrupted
:
for
by
that
argument
,
somethings
should
be
compounded
of
Glasse
,
of
Ashes
,
and
of
Smoak
;
(
because
we
see
them
reduced
at
last
into
such
bodies
)
and
since
Artificial
Distillation
doth
clearly
demonstrate
,
that
so
many
several
Vapours
or
Waters
,
and
those
all
of
them
of
different
Species
,
are
extracted
out
of
so
many
several
bodies
;
the
number
of
the
elements
ought
to
multiply
in
infinitum
.
Nor
doth
any
Philosopher
say
,
that
the
Bodies
which
are
dissolved
by
Art
,
and
are
called
Sincere
Bodies
,
and
indivisible
in
species
,
are
more
single
elements
,
then
the
Aire
,
Water
,
and
Earth
,
which
we
perceive
by
Sense
,
and
are
obvious
to
our
eyes
.
And
lastly
,
we
do
not
see
that
any
thing
is
naturally
produced
out
of
fire
,
as
a
miscible
substance
;
and
perhaps
it
is
altogether
impossible
there
should
;
since
fire
(
like
a
kind
of
living
body
)
is
in
contiual
flux
,
and
seeketh
sustenance
whereby
it
may
be
nourished
,
and
conserved
:
according
to
that
of
Aristotle
,
that
fire
onely
is
nourished
,
and
that
chiefly
because
of
its
form
.
But
whatsoever
De
gen.
&
corr
.
l.
2.
c.
50.
is
nourished
,
cannot
possibly
be
it self
mixed
with
its
nutriment
.
Whereupon
it
followeth
,
that
it
is
impossible
for
Fire
to
be
miscible
.
For
Mistion
,
according
to
Aristotle
,
is
miscibilium
alteratorum
unio
,
the
union
of
miscible
things
altered
;
where
one
miscible
thing
is
not
transformed
into
another
,
but
both
of
them
being
both
active
and
passive
in
regard
of
themselves
,
do
constitute
a
third
thing
:
but
generation
(
especially
that
which
is
by
a
Metamorphosis
)
is
the
distribution
of
one
similar
thing
which
is
to
be
altered
into
diverse
more
.
Nor
are
mixt
similar
bodies
said
to
be
generated
out
of
the
Elements
,
but
in
some
sort
to
be
constituted
out
of
them
:
into
which
also
they
are
capable
to
be
dissolved
.
But
these
matters
do
properly
relate
to
that
part
of
Physiology
,
which
treateth
of
the
Elements
,
and
the
Temperaments
:
where
also
we
shall
discourse
more
copiously
of
them
.
Of
the
Birth
.
AFter
the
Generation
,
the
Birth
succeedeth
,
by
which
the
Foetus
comming
into
the
world
,
doth
enjoy
the
outward
Aire
.
Whereupon
we
conceive
it
convenient
to
speak
something
concerning
it
.
And
therefore
(
with
Fabricius
)
we
shall
consider
the
Causes
,
Manner
,
and
Times
of
Birth
;
as
also
those
things
which
are
precedent
and
subsequent
thereunto
.
Those
things
which
are
incident
a
litle
before
the
Birth
,
and
especially
to
Women
,
presaging
the
approaching
delivery
,
are
in
part
the
preparation
and
disposition
of
the
Childing
Woman
,
whereby
she
may
bring
forth
:
and
in
part
the
scite
,
or
proper
position
of
the
Infant
in
order
to
the
Birth
.
As
concerning
the
Position
,
Fabricius
saith
,
that
it
is
of
a
conglobated
and
inflex
figure
,
left
the
Foetus
by
his
extream
and
eminent
parts
,
might
injure
the
De
form
.
Foetus
c.
9.
pag.
140.
The
Position
of
the
Foetus
in
the
Womb.
Womb
,
or
the
conteining
membranes
:
and
likewise
that
so
he
may
be
comprehended
in
the
lesser
roome
.
But
I
am
not
of
opinion
that
the
foetus
doth
still
observe
the
same
scite
or
positure
of
his
members
in
the
Womb
,
(
for
the
fore-scited
causes
.
)
For
he
swimmeth
in
a
water
,
and
moveth
himself
to
and
fro
,
he
stretcheth
himself
,
now
this
way
,
and
anon
that
,
and
so
is
variously
inflected
,
and
tumbled
up
and
down
;
in
so
much
that
sometimes
being
entangled
in
his
own
Navel-string
,
he
is
strangely
insnared
.
True
it
is
that
all
Animals
,
while
they
lye
still
and
sleep
,
do
for
the
most
part
draw
in
,
and
contract
themselves
,
and
direct
themselves
toward
an
Oval
or
Conglobated
figure
.
So
likewise
Embryo's
,
which
pass
their
time
most
in
slumbers
,
do
compose
their
bodies
in
that
posture
wherein
they
are
formed
:
(
as
being
the
most
natural
,
most
easie
,
and
most
advantagious
for
their
sleep
.
)
And
therefore
the
Infant
in
the
Womb
is
commonly
found
,
with
his
Knees
drawn
up
to
his
Belly
,
his
Thighs
bent
backwards
,
his
Feet
hanging
down
,
and
his
Hands
elevated
to
his
Head
,
whereof
the
one
is
placed
about
his
Temples
or
Ears
,
and
the
other
at
his
Cheek
;
in
which
parts
there
are
white
spots
discovered
in
the
skin
,
as
being
the
signes
of
his
confrication
:
His
Spine
is
bent
round
,
and
his
Neck
being
inflected
,
his
Head
hangs
neer
his
Knees
.
The
Embryo
is
scituated
with
that
position
of
parts
,
wherewith
we
commonly
apply
our selves
to
rest
,
with
his
Head
uppermost
,
and
his
Face
directed
towards
his
mothers
Spine
.
But
a
litle
before
his
Birth
,
his
head
being
bent
downwards
,
he
dives
towards
the
bottom
,
and
the
Orifice
of
the
Matrix
,
(
as
if
he
were
seeking
his
way
out
.
)
So
Aristotle
:
All
Animals
Hist.
an.
2.
c.
8.
do
naturally
come
into
the
world
with
their
head
formost
;
but
those
that
lye
cross
,
or
come
with
their
heels
formost
,
are
unnatural
births
.
But
yet
this
is
not
constant
in
all
Animals
,
but
according
to
their
several
site
or
position
in
the
Womb
,
so
is
their
Birth
various
;
as
in
Bitches
,
Sows
,
and
other
Multiparous
Animals
.
And
the
Great-bellied
Women
know
full
well
,
that
even
the
humane
Embryo
doth
sometimes
acquire
a
different
scituation
;
when
they
find
the
Child
kick
sometimes
above
,
sometimes
below
,
and
now
on
this
side
,
and
at
other
times
on
that
.
So
also
the
Matrix
being
neer
delivery
,
doth
Holy
bone
,
and
the
Share-bone
to
the
Hanch-bone
(
which
Copulation
,
or
Articulation
is
by
Synchondrosis
,
or
a
gristly
ligament
)
is
so
softened
and
losened
,
that
the
fore-said
bones
do
easily
give
way
to
the
parting
Infant
;
and
by
gaping
open
,
do
amplifie
the
whole
region
of
the
Hypogastrium
,
or
Lower
belly
.
And
when
these
things
are
in
this
condition
,
it
is
certain
that
the
Birth
is
at
hand
.
And
that
so
the
Foetus
(
like
a
ripe
fruit
)
may
come
forth
into
the
World
,
Nature
makes
this
provision
of
dilating
the
parts
:
as
she
likewise
concocteth
the
Milk
which
is
sent
before
into
the
Breasts
,
that
the
Infant
now
ready
to
be
born
,
may
have
his
entertainment
ready
to
wellcome
him
,
being
now
to
be
susteined
from
without
.
And
these
are
the
fore-runners
of
the
Birth
.
Wherefore
the
Milk
is
counted
amongst
the
chiefest
signes
of
an
imminent
birth
:
I
mean
such
Milk
,
which
both
for
store
,
plenty
,
and
consistence
,
is
convenient
to
feed
the
Child
:
which
(
according
to
Aristotle
)
is
never
so
qualified
but
neer
the
time
of
the
Birth
,
and
therefore
is
never
found
before
the
seventh
moneth
.
Fabricius
concludeth
upon
two
queries
,
chiefly
Gen.
an
.
l.
4.
c.
8.
&
l.
7.
c.
5.
pag.
141.
in
order
to
the
Foetus
:
namely
,
how
the
birth
is
,
and
when
?
the
last
whereof
relates
to
the
time
of
Bearing
,
the
first
to
the
manner
of
the
Birth
it self
.
The
times
of
bearing
,
are
by
Aristotle
conceived
De
gen.
an
.
l.
4.
c.
4.
&
ult
.
to
be
various
.
There
are
,
saith
he
,
peculiar
times
of
bearing
to
all
kind
of
Animals
,
for
the
greatest
part
as
long
as
they
live
:
for
the
race
of
Animals
which
is
longer
liv'd
then
others
,
must
of
necessity
be
more
durable
.
But
the
magnitude
of
the
Animals
is
by
him
assigned
as
the
chiefest
cause
of
the
variety
of
the
times
of
bearing
.
For
,
saith
he
,
the
great
fabrick
,
either
of
Animals
,
or
any
thing
else
,
cannot
be
easily
absolved
in
a
short
space
:
Wherefore
Mares
,
and
those
Animals
that
are
of
kin
to
them
,
though
they
live
but
a
shorter
time
,
yet
they
are
longer
in
bringing
forth
:
And
therefore
the
Elephant
(
as
they
say
)
is
two
years
in
her
production
,
because
of
its
excessive
magnitude
.
But
every
Animal
hath
certain
bounds
of
magnitude
,
which
it
cannot
exceed
:
and
therefore
they
have
a
definit
matter
,
out
of
which
they
are
made
:
he
addeth
moreover
:
But
there
is
exceeding
good
reason
,
why
Animals
do
receive
the
dimension
or
measure
of
their
times
of
ingravidation
,
generation
,
and
their
lives
also
by
certain
Circulations
.
Now
I
call
a
Circulation
,
a
day
,
a
night
,
a
moneth
,
a
year
,
and
all
those
times
which
are
described
by
them
,
as
also
the
motions
of
the
Moon
:
for
these
are
the
common
beginnings
of
Generation
to
all
Animals
:
For
it
stands
to
good
reason
that
the
Circulations
of
less
principal
things
should
follow
the
Circulations
of
more
principal
.
And
therefore
Nature
hath
defined
or
limited
the
generation
and
decease
of
Animals
,
by
their
motions
.
And
as
the
Births
of
Animals
do
depend
upon
the
Revolutions
or
Circuits
of
the
Sun
and
Moon
,
so
do
their
times
of
Coition
,
and
bearing
their
young
vary
,
and
are
either
more
prolixe
,
or
breifer
.
The
time
of
going
with
young
(
saith
Aristotle
in
the
same
place
)
is
enormous
onely
in
Women
.
For
all
other
creatures
have
some
one
time
,
but
a
Woman
hath
several
,
for
a
Child
may
be
borne
either
the
Seventh
,
or
the
Tenth
moneth
,
and
likewise
in
the
moneths
intervening
between
the
Seventh
and
the
Tenth
:
For
they
that
are
borne
in
the
Eighth
moneth
,
though
they
do
seldom
live
,
yet
they
may
live
.
Diverse
Animals
have
indeed
a
set
time
of
bringing
forth
,
and
specially
in
the
Spring
,
when
the
Sun
returnes
;
diverse
in
the
Summer
,
and
some
in
the
Autumne
,
as
the
Gristley
Fishes
.
And
hence
it
happens
,
that
when
the
time
of
bringing
forth
approacheth
,
they
direct
themselves
to
their
wonted
places
,
where
they
may
safely
build
their
Stalls
,
or
Nests
,
where
they
may
bring
forth
,
cherish
,
and
sustaine
their
young
.
Hence
it
is
that
those
Winds
which
blow
about
the
beginning
of
the
spring
,
are
called
,
Or●ithiae
,
namely
from
the
comming
or
flocking
in
of
the
Birds
,
which
about
that
time
,
do
by
the
help
of
those
Winds
arrive
at
certain
usual
places
.
And
Fishes
also
which
swim
in
Shoals
many
hundred
thousands
together
,
do
conspire
to
meet
in
such
particular
parts
,
and
at
such
set
times
,
to
spawn
and
cherish
their
fry
.
And
likewise
in
the
Spring
,
so
soon
as
ever
the
Cankerwormes
do
appear
,
(
whose
seeds
are
for
the
most
part
carried
about
by
the
Winds
like
invisible
Atomes
;
and
are
not
begotten
as
people
commonly
believe
,
either
of
their
own
accord
,
or
out
of
putrefaction
)
the
trees
do
presently
shoot
forth
their
buds
,
which
are
to
become
the
sustenance
of
those
creatures
:
and
they
themselves
also
are
pursued
by
small
Birds
,
and
conducted
into
their
Nests
to
be
devoured
by
their
young
.
So
that
whensoever
we
see
unusual
kinds
of
these
Canker-wormes
,
we
do
likewise
meet
with
several
sorts
of
forraign
litle
birds
,
which
are
seldom
seen
at
other
times
,
(
as
if
these
Birds
did
Son
sued
for
the
Inheritance
,
did
cast
him
in
Law
though
his
Mother
did
affirm
that
the
eldest
Son
was
born
in
the
thirteenth
moneth
:
because
there
seemet
to
be
no
certain
time
allotted
for
bringing
forth
.
There
was
a
Woman
not
long
since
amongst
us
,
which
kept
a
Child
within
her
above
sixteen
moneths
,
and
perceived
him
to
bestir
himself
in
her
Womb
above
ten
monethes
(
as
many
did
evidence
)
and
ye●
at
last
she
brought
him
forth
alive
.
But
,
I
confess
those
are
rare
accidents
.
And
therefore
Spigelius
doth
reprechend
Ulpian
the
Lawyer
without
cause
in
that
he
admits
none
to
be
legitimate
Heires
tha●
are
borne
after
the
tenth
moneth
.
For
Lawes
and
rules
of
Art
,
are
for
the
most
proportioned
o●
fitted
to
the
actions
of
life
,
which
are
rightly
ordered
.
Besides
,
it
must
not
be
denied
,
that
there
are
many
crafty
,
fraudulent
Women
,
which
for
lu●●
Hist.
an
.
l.
7.
c.
4.
cre
sake
,
or
for
fear
of
punishment
or
infamy
,
wi●●
feign
and
swear
that
they
are
with
Child
.
And
likewise
it
is
well
known
,
that
others
are
easily
deceived
,
and
being
inexperienced
in
the
matter
do
conceive
themselves
to
be
with
Child
,
when
it
is
no
such
thing
.
And
to
this
purpose
are
those
words
of
Aristotle
.
The
conception
of
those
Infants
which
are
borne
after
the
eleventh
moneth
seemeth
to
have
not
been
exactly
known
to
the
Women
who
are
with
Child
,
for
the
women
do
not
know
when
they
first
conceived
.
For
their
Wombs
being
possessed
with
flatulencies
,
and
they
afterwards
conceiving
a
Child
upon
Coition
,
conceive
that
flatulency
to
have
been
the
first
beginning
of
their
conception
,
because
they
then
had
some
usual
indications
,
as
do
accompany
such
as
do
really
conceive
.
And
we
have
also
a●
other
times
known
,
that
after
three
,
or
four
moneths
space
,
the
former
conception
dying
in
the
Womb
,
and
putrifying
,
and
the
corrupt
matter
(
like
to
putrid
after-purgings
)
flowing
forth
,
a
Superfoetation
hath
happened
:
and
yet
the
same
Women
have
constantly
affirmed
that
they
have
been
delivered
of
a
Child
after
the
fourteenth
moneth
.
It
falleth
out
some
times
,
saith
Aristotle
,
that
after
one
Abortment
,
tenne
or
twelve
succeeding
Infants
which
have
been
conceived
by
a
superfoetation
,
have
fallen
from
the
Mother
.
But
if
the
Mothers
have
been
delivered
in
some
short
time
after
,
they
have
brought
forth
that
Child
which
was
begotten
by
a
superfoetation
:
and
so
they
bring
them
forth
,
like
those
children
which
are
born
Twinnes
:
As
the
Fable
runs
of
Iphicles
and
Hercules
.
And
this
hath
been
already
found
to
be
so
.
For
a
certain
Adultress
brought
forth
two
Children
,
one
like
her
own
Husband
,
and
the
other
like
the
Adulterer
.
And
likewise
a
certain
Woman
a
long
while
since
,
having
Twinnes
within
her
,
did
conceive
a
third
Child
also
,
so
that
when
the
time
of
her
delivery
was
fully
come
,
she
brought
forth
the
Twinnes
in
their
just
time
,
and
they
were
perfect
:
but
the
third
was
but
of
five
moneths
time
,
and
so
he
died
instantly
.
A
certain
Servant-Maid
being
gotten
with
Child
by
her
Master
,
to
hide
her
knavery
came
to
London
in
September
,
where
she
Lay
in
by
stealth
:
and
being
recovered
again
,
returned
home
:
but
in
December
following
,
a
new
birth
(
for
she
had
a
Superfoetation
)
did
proclaime
the
crime
which
she
had
cunningly
concealed
before
.
It
happened
to
another
Woman
(
as
Aristotle
proceedeth
)
that
when
she
had
brought
forth
one
Child
in
the
seventh
moneth
,
she
was
after
two
moneths
end
,
delivered
of
two
more
,
whereof
the
first
Child
died
,
but
the
Twins
survived
.
Likewise
some
Women
that
have
suffered
abortment
,
have
conceived
two
Children
at
the
same
time
,
whereof
the
one
hath
been
aborted
before
the
time
,
and
the
other
hath
continued
the
full
time
,
and
been
brought
forth
perfect
.
For
it
is
an
easie
matter
,
that
the
first
,
or
last
Conception
which
is
conceived
by
a
Superfoetation
;
being
ejected
after
the
third
or
fourth
month
,
the
following
moneths
may
be
reckoned
more
or
less
then
they
ought
to
be
,
especially
by
credulous
or
unskilful
Women
.
I
have
sometimes
known
the
Conception
to
perish
in
the
Womb
,
and
being
turned
into
Putrid
Matter
,
to
have
glided
and
issued
forth
:
(
like
the
flores
albi
)
and
this
both
in
Women
and
other
Animals
.
There
was
not
long
since
a
Woman
in
London
,
which
after
such
a
kinde
of
Abortment
did
conceive
again
;
and
was
delivered
at
the
just
time
.
But
a
litle
after
,
as
she
went
about
her
worke
,
being
not
in
any
great
paine
,
or
distemper
,
she
did
eject
by
peices
the
black
litle
Bones
,
which
related
to
her
former
Abortment
.
Some
of
these
Bones
were
brought
to
me
,
which
I
could
discover
to
be
the
fragments
of
the
Spine
,
the
Bone
of
the
Thigh
,
and
of
other
Bones
.
I
know
a
young
Woman
,
who
was
the
Daughter
of
a
Physitian
,
who
was
of
my
neer
acquaintance
,
which
being
Big
,
felt
all
the
Symptomes
incident
to
Women
in
that
condition
;
and
continuing
healthy
and
sprightly
,
after
the
fourteenth
week
she
perceived
the
motions
of
a
Foetus
in
her
Womb
;
and
having
finished
her
time
for
going
with
Child
,
conceiving
the
hour
of
her
delivery
to
be
nigh
at
hand
,
she
had
her
Bed
furnished
,
her
Cradle
ready
,
and
all
the
implements
appertaining
to
the
purpose
laid
out
for
use
.
But
all
these
preparations
came
to
nothing
,
and
Lucina
was
cross
to
her
wishes
;
for
her
customary
paines
quite
left
her
,
and
her
Belly
as
it
rose
by
degrees
,
so
it
sunk
againe
,
and
shee
never
sicke
for
the
matter
,
but
she
remained
barren
ever
after
.
I
also
knew
a
noble
Matron
,
who
had
borne
above
ten
Children
,
and
whose
Courses
were
never
suppressed
unless
she
were
with
Child
.
But
being
afterwards
married
to
another
Husband
,
besides
other
usual
signes
,
she
apprehended
her self
to
be
with
Child
,
by
the
stirring
of
it
(
which
both
she
her self
,
and
her
Sister
also
,
who
then
lay
with
her
in
bed
,
did
many
times
in
the
night
perceive
)
and
all
the
Arguments
I
could
suggest
,
could
not
remove
that
perswasion
from
her
:
till
at
the
last
,
all
her
hopes
vanished
into
flatulency
and
fatness
.
So
that
sometimes
,
the
most
approved
signes
of
Ingravidation
,
have
not
onely
deluded
the
silly
Women
,
but
the
experienced
Midwives
,
and
the
skilful
Physitians
themselves
.
Wherefore
,
since
besides
the
deceits
of
Women
themselves
,
there
are
several
false
Indications
of
Gravidation
,
we
must
not
rashly
determine
of
the
Inordinate
Birth
,
before
the
Seventh
Moneth
,
or
after
the
Eleventh
.
The
ordinary
Computation
of
going
with
Child
,
observeth
that
time
which
our
blessed
Saviour
,
the
perfectest
of
all
men
,
did
fulfil
in
the
Virgins
Wombe
:
namely
,
from
the
day
of
the
Annunciation
,
which
is
in
March
,
to
that
blessed
day
of
the
Nativity
,
which
we
celebrate
in
December
.
And
according
to
this
Rule
,
the
Sager
Matrons
keeping
their
account
(
while
they
cast
in
the
wonted
day
in
every
moneth
,
whereon
they
were
accustomed
to
have
their
purgations
)
they
are
seldom
out
of
their
Reckoning
;
but
,
ten
Revolutions
of
the
Moone
beeng
expired
,
they
are
delivered
,
and
reap
the
fruit
of
their
Wombe
,
upon
that
very
day
whereon
(
were
it
not
for
their
Praegnation
)
their
Purgations
would
ensue
.
As
concerning
the
causes
of
the
exclusion
or
delivery
of
the
Foetus
,
Fabricius
,
besides
that
given
De
usu
part
.
l.
15.
c.
7.
by
Galen
(
wherein
he
delivers
,
That
the
Foetus
is
so
long
continued
in
the
Wombe
,
till
being
now
enlarged
and
made
perfect
,
he
is
capable
of
being
sustained
at
the
mouth
:
by
which
argument
,
the
weaker
sorts
of
Foetus
ought
to
protract
their
continuance
in
the
Wombe
,
which
yet
is
no
such
matter
:
)
conceives
the
other
reason
,
and
that
the
more
rational
one
too
,
to
be
the
necessity
that
the
Foetus
standeth
in
of
more
large
refrigeration
procured
by
respiration
:
because
the
Foetus
,
so
soon
as
it
is
borne
,
doth
presently
respire
,
but
doth
not
so
soon
feed
.
And
this
(
he
affirmeth
)
is
not
onely
observable
in
Men
and
Beasts
,
but
chiefly
in
Birds
:
which
though
they
be
small
,
and
have
yet
but
a
tender
bill
,
yet
will
the
Chickens
peck
that
part
of
the
shell
,
where
they
stand
in
most
need
of
respiration
:
which
thing
they
doe
,
being
more
streightned
for
Breath
,
then
Aliment
:
Seeing
that
immediately
as
soon
they
are
escaped
out
of
the
shell
they
doe
respire
,
but
abstaine
from
meat
two
or
three
dayes
together
.
But
whether
Respiration
be
instituted
for
Refrigeration
,
or
for
any
other
use
:
we
shall
more
largely
debate
elsewhere
,
out
of
our
Observations
.
In
the
mean
time
I
shall
propose
this
Probleme
to
the
Learned
;
namely
,
How
the
Embryo
doth
subsist
after
the
seventh
moneth
in
his
Mothers
womb
?
when
yet
in
case
he
were
borne
,
he
would
instantly
breath
:
nay
he
could
not
continue
one
small
hour
without
it
?
and
yet
remaining
in
the
womb
,
though
he
pass
the
ninth
moneth
,
he
lives
,
and
is
safe
without
the
help
of
Respiration
.
I
shall
deliver
it
yet
more
plainly
.
How
commeth
it
to
pass
,
that
the
Foetus
being
now
borne
,
and
continuing
yet
covered
over
with
his
entire
membranes
,
and
abiding
still
in
his
water
,
can
subsist
for
some
hours
space
,
without
any
danger
of
suffocation
:
and
yet
being
shifted
out
of
those
membranes
,
if
he
have
but
once
attracted
the
Aire
into
his
Lungs
,
he
cannot
afterwards
live
a
minute
without
it
,
but
dyeth
instantly
?
doubtless
this
is
not
for
want
of
Refrigeration
:
for
in
a
difficult
Delivery
,
he
sticketh
fast
in
the
streights
without
anȳ
Respiration
,
sometimes
for
some
houres
together
;
and
yet
we
find
him
alive
:
but
yet
so
soon
as
he
hath
escaped
,
and
tasted
the
vital
air
,
if
you
deprive
him
of
it
,
you
destroy
him
in
a
moment
.
So
likewise
in
the
Cesarean
Section
the
Infant
is
taken
out
of
his
Mothers
wombe
,
many
houres
after
his
Mothers
decease
,
and
yet
he
is
found
alive
,
and
continueth
safe
,
without
the
use
of
Aire
,
though
he
lye
intombed
in
the
Secundines
:
but
having
once
attracted
the
Aire
,
(
though
you
instantly
restore
him
to
the
Secundines
againe
)
he
will
expire
for
want
of
breath
.
Whosoever
doth
carefully
consider
these
things
,
and
look
narrowly
into
the
nature
of
Aire
,
will
(
I
suppose
)
easily
grant
,
that
the
Air
is
allowed
to
Animals
,
neither
for
refrigeration
,
nor
nutrition
sake
.
For
it
is
a
tryed
thing
,
that
the
Foetus
is
sooner
suffocated
after
he
hath
enjoyed
the
Aire
,
then
when
he
was
quite
excluded
from
it
:
as
if
the
Heat
within
him
,
were
rather
inflamed
,
then
quenched
by
the
Aire
.
But
thus
much
we
have
discovered
by
the
way
concerning
Respiration
;
being
perhaps
resolved
to
discuss
the
debate
more
fully
in
its
proper
place
:
then
which
disquisition
you
shall
hardly
meet
with
a
more
nice
;
for
it
is
debated
with
Arguments
of
almost
equall
weight
on
both
sides
.
I
return
to
the
Birth
,
which
Fabricius
conceiveth
to
come
to
pass
(
besides
the
fore-mentioned
necessity
of
Respiration
,
and
want
of
Sustenance
)
because
the
Foetus
being
grown
bigger
,
doth
press
out
by
his
weight
;
and
also
can
be
no
longer
conteined
within
,
by
reason
of
his
large
bulk
;
and
likewise
,
saith
he
,
the
Excrements
are
so
multiplied
,
that
there
is
no
longer
place
for
them
in
the
membranes
.
But
we
have
already
proved
,
that
the
humours
in
the
Wombe
are
not
Excrementitious
.
Nor
is
the
reason
deduced
from
the
Weight
and
Magnitude
of
the
Foetus
more
available
then
the
former
:
for
the
Foetus
swimming
aloof
in
the
humours
,
is
scarce
any
burden
at
all
to
the
After-birth
or
Womb
;
for
some
Infants
of
nine
moneths
are
very
litle
,
and
less
then
some
others
of
eight
moneths
onely
,
yet
can
they
no
longer
subsist
in
the
Womb.
And
as
to
the
Weight
,
Twins
of
eight
moneths
do
preponderate
any
one
single
Foetus
whatsoever
,
though
of
nine
moneths
abode
in
the
Womb
,
yet
are
they
not
born
till
the
nineth
moneth
.
Nor
can
we
quarrel
at
the
scarcity
of
Aliment
:
since
at
that
time
there
is
entertainment
enough
even
for
Twins
,
and
sometimes
for
more
Infants
:
and
also
the
milk
which
is
conducted
to
the
Breasts
of
Women
in
Child-bed
,
being
recalled
to
the
Uterus
,
would
as
conveniently
supply
the
foetus
in
the
Womb
,
as
out
of
it
.
I
shall
rather
impute
the
cause
of
being
born
,
to
the
juice
conteined
in
the
Amnion
,
which
being
most
proportionate
to
the
nourishing
of
the
Foetus
,
doth
either
much
faile
,
or
else
is
depraved
by
the
admixture
of
the
superfluities
.
As
I
have
also
hinted
before
.
But
as
for
the
diversity
of
going
with
Child
,
which
is
contrary
to
the
time
allotted
by
Nature
(
which
diversity
doth
chiefly
respect
Women
)
I
do
ascribe
it
to
the
custome
of
living
,
the
infirmity
of
the
constitution
,
and
the
several
passions
incident
to
Women
.
And
therefore
those
tame
Animals
,
which
live
amongst
us
,
by
reason
of
their
lazy
lives
,
and
plenty
of
food
,
are
of
more
incertainty
in
their
times
of
Coition
,
and
production
,
then
wild
Beasts
,
which
live
according
to
Natures
intent
.
Likewise
sickly
Women
have
easier
and
greater
dispatch
in
their
Travaile
,
then
others
:
but
it
falls
out
clean
contrary
to
such
Women
,
whose
strength
is
very
much
consumed
.
For
the
same
thing
befalls
them
,
as
happeneth
to
Plants
,
whose
fruits
and
seeds
,
do
more
slowly
and
seldom
arrive
to
maturity
in
cold
Countries
,
then
to
other
Plants
of
the
same
kind
which
are
in
a
fat
and
warm
soile
.
So
Orenges
in
England
adhere
to
the
trees
almost
two
whole
years
together
,
before
they
come
to
maturity
:
and
Figgs
also
scarce
ever
arrive
at
any
perfection
here
,
which
are
ripe
in
Italy
twice
or
thrice
a
year
.
And
the
like
befalleth
the
fruits
of
the
Womb
;
namely
,
the
Foetus
is
brought
to
maturity
sooner
or
later
,
by
reason
of
the
scarcity
or
plenty
of
Aliment
,
the
imbecillity
,
or
strength
of
the
body
,
and
the
orderly
or
inordinate
regiment
of
life
(
according
to
the
six
non-naturall
things
recited
by
Physitians
.
)
Fabricius
hath
described
the
Manner
of
the
Birth
,
thus
:
The
Womb
being
dilated
by
the
weight
of
the
Foetus
;
in
so
much
that
it
can
now
be
no
farther
distended
,
and
thereupon
being
excited
to
disburden
it self
,
is
by
the
motion
of
the
transverse
fibres
gathered
up
into
it selfe
,
and
so
contracted
into
a
narrower
compass
.
And
therefore
,
whereas
before
,
neither
the
Excrements
,
by
means
of
their
abundance
,
nor
the
Foetus
by
reason
of
his
weight
could
be
conteined
any
longer
,
the
Uterus
being
more
streightned
and
drawn
together
then
it
was
,
can
be
much
less
able
to
contein
them
,
and
therefore
first
the
membranes
as
being
the
weaker
parts
,
and
more
distended
,
do
break
,
and
the
humour
which
is
most
fluxile
,
doth
first
pass
out
to
make
the
parts
glibbe
.
And
hereupon
the
Foetus
followeth
,
as
being
not
onely
increased
in
his
weight
(
by
reason
that
he
now
no
longer
swimmeth
in
the
humour
)
and
so
descendeth
downwards
,
forcing
the
Orifice
of
the
Womb
,
but
as
being
also
compressed
,
driven
forward
,
and
shut
out
by
the
action
of
the
Womb
itselfe
:
in
which
act
on
,
the
muscles
of
the
Abdomer
,
together
with
the
Midriffe
,
are
wonderfully
assistant
.
By
which
words
he
describes
the
ejectment
of
the
Excrements
of
the
Guts
,
and
an
Abortion
rather
,
then
a
Natural
Birth
:
for
though
the
membranes
in
Women
do
for
the
most
part
break
,
and
so
disload
the
Water
before
the
Birth
;
yet
that
is
not
always
so
:
for
other
Animals
do
not
bring
forth
as
they
do
,
but
produce
the
Entire
Conception
together
,
(
namely
the
foetus
together
with
the
Secundines
)
as
we
may
observe
in
Ewes
,
Mares
,
Bitches
,
and
other
Animals
:
and
especially
in
the
Viper
,
which
doth
conceive
within
an
Egge
which
is
of
one
onely
colour
,
having
a
soft
shell
(
such
as
the
humane
conception
is
)
and
continueth
that
Conception
so
long
within
her
,
until
a
foetus
be
formed
thereout
,
which
she
doth
produce
wrapped
up
in
a
membrane
,
which
membrane
(
according
to
Aristotle
)
is
broken
up
the
third
day
.
And
yet
it
so
happeneth
,
sometimes
,
that
the
young
Hist.
an
.
l.
5.
c.
34.
ones
are
produced
,
having
eaten
through
the
membranes
,
(
while
they
are
yet
in
the
Uterus
.
)
And
so
also
it
is
no
novelty
to
experienced
Midwives
,
that
their
Women
do
sometimes
bring
forth
their
Conceptions
whole
,
and
entire
,
without
any
breach
in
the
Membranes
at
all
.
And
this
kind
of
birth
seemeth
to
me
the
most
Natural
;
wherein
the
foetus
(
like
a
mellow
fruit
which
droppeth
from
the
tree
,
without
shaking
out
its
seed
before
the
time
assigned
by
nature
)
is
born
with
the
Secundines
embracing
it
.
But
,
where
it
cometh
otherwise
to
pass
,
and
the
After-burden
doth
adhere
to
the
Uterus
after
the
Child
is
borne
:
it
is
oftentimes
hardly
divided
from
it
,
and
doth
induce
evil
Symptomes
,
which
are
accompanied
with
noisome
smells
,
and
sometimes
with
a
Gangreen
,
whereby
the
Mother
is
brought
into
imminent
danger
.
Because
therefore
the
Birth
described
by
Fabricius
,
is
not
agreeable
to
all
kinds
of
Births
,
but
onely
to
Women
,
and
not
to
all
their
Births
neither
,
but
to
such
onely
whose
Births
are
premature
,
and
as
it
were
forced
:
it
is
to
be
ranked
rather
amongst
preternatural
,
precipitate
,
and
in
some
sort
abortive
productions
.
In
a
Natural
and
Genuine
Birth
,
therefore
,
two
And
therefore
there
are
chiefly
two
sorts
of
Unnatural
Births
;
namely
when
the
foetus
is
either
born
before
,
or
after
the
time
allotted
by
nature
:
(
and
this
is
a
kinde
of
Abortive
Birth
)
and
the
Birth
proves
difficult
and
painful
,
because
it
doth
not
succeed
in
that
manner
,
and
order
as
it
ought
to
do
:
or
else
is
hindered
by
some
bad
Symptomes
:
which
cometh
to
pass
cheifly
for
two
reasons
:
namely
,
in
that
the
Mother
doth
faile
in
her
expulsive
office
,
or
else
that
the
Foetus
is
himself
but
sluggish
,
and
so
doth
not
promote
his
own
release
:
for
a
facile
and
natural
delivery
relieth
upon
the
endavour
and
joint
furtherance
of
both
parties
.
Fabricius
doth
ascribe
the
work
of
bringing
forth
to
the
Uterus
,
to
which
performance
,
saith
he
,
the
Muscles
of
the
Lower
Belly
,
and
the
Midrifle
are
assistants
.
But
when
I
consider
the
matter
throughly
,
the
throws
of
the
woman
in
travaile
do
seem
to
proceed
from
the
Motion
and
Agitation
of
all
the
Body
,
(
just
as
we
find
it
in
Sternutation
.
)
I
knew
a
young
Woman
,
which
by
reason
of
her
extream
torment
in
her
travaile
fell
into
a
Sowne
;
and
became
instantly
so
consternated
,
stupid
,
and
sleepy
,
that
nothing
could
recover
her
.
I
being
called
in
to
her
cure
(
finding
that
Clysters
,
and
other
proper
remedies
had
been
applied
to
no
purpose
,
and
that
nothing
could
go
down
her
throat
)
I
put
up
a
feather
which
was
dipped
in
a
strong
Sneezing
medicine
,
into
her
Nose
;
by
which
being
moved
(
though
she
was
so
overwhelmed
with
a
deep
stupidity
,
that
she
could
neither
sneeze
,
nor
be
awaked
)
she
began
to
be
seized
by
a
kind
of
general
Convulsion
,
all
her
body
over
,
which
beginning
at
the
shoulders
,
did
by
degrees
extend
it self
to
the
lower
parts
.
But
as
often
as
I
applied
this
provocation
to
her
,
her
delivery
was
advanced
and
came
on
,
and
at
last
,
the
Mother
being
insensible
of
it
her self
,
and
remaining
still
in
her
sleepy
condition
,
a
healthy
and
sprightly
Child
was
born
into
the
world
.
We
may
observe
the
manner
of
their
throwes
,
in
other
Animals
:
(
as
in
the
Ewe
,
the
Bitch
,
and
in
great
Cattel
)
wherein
we
shall
discover
that
it
is
not
by
the
sole
action
of
the
Uterus
,
or
Belly
either
,
but
is
the
joint
conflict
of
all
the
whole
body
.
And
how
much
the
Foetus
doth
conferre
to
the
acceleration
and
facilitating
of
his
owne
Birth
,
is
cheifly
evident
in
Oviparous
Creatures
:
for
it
is
apparent
that
the
Foetus
it self
,
and
not
the
Mother
,
doth
break
through
the
shell
.
By
which
it
is
probable
that
in
Viviparous
births
also
,
the
chiefest
cause
of
being
born
is
owed
to
the
Foetus
it self
,
and
that
,
to
his
industry
and
indeavour
,
and
not
to
his
weight
,
as
Fabricius
conceiveth
.
For
what
doth
the
weight
thereof
conduce
to
the
birth
in
four-footed
beasts
which
stand
upright
,
or
sit
down
;
or
in
Women
which
lye
along
?
nor
doth
the
endeavour
of
the
foetus
proceed
,
as
he
supposeth
,
from
its
largeness
of
bulk
,
or
the
plenty
of
the
water
,
(
the
Water
indeed
is
the
cause
of
the
delivery
of
the
foetus
which
is
dead
and
putrified
in
the
womb
,
in
that
by
its
corruption
and
acrimony
it
doth
extimulate
the
Uterus
to
relieve
it self
)
but
the
foetus
himself
sets
open
the
Gates
of
the
Womb
with
his
head
turned
downward
,
and
unlocks
their
inclosure
by
his
own
force
,
and
so
struggleth
himself
into
the
world
by
conquest
:
And
therefore
that
kind
of
birth
is
counted
the
nimbler
and
more
fortunate
.
But
when
the
Child
comes
into
the
world
thrusting
his
feet
formost
,
saith
Pliny
,
the
birth
is
counted
unnatural
,
and
those
that
are
so
born
are
called
born
with
much
difficulty
:
For
their
birth
is
slow
and
painful
.
And
yet
notwithstanding
in
abortment
,
and
where
the
foetus
is
dead
,
or
that
there
would
be
a
hard
delivery
any
other
way
,
so
that
there
is
necessity
of
handy-work
in
the
business
,
the
more
convenient
way
of
comming
forth
,
is
with
the
feet
formost
;
for
by
that
means
the
streights
of
the
Uterus
are
opened
,
as
it
were
by
a
Wedge
.
Wherefore
when
the
hope
of
delivery
relieth
chiefly
upon
the
foetus
,
(
as
being
strong
and
lively
)
we
must
endeavour
to
further
his
comming
out
with
his
head
fore-most
;
but
in
case
the
task
is
like
to
depend
upon
the
Uterus
,
we
must
procure
his
comming
out
with
his
feet
fore-most
.
That
the
assistance
of
the
foetus
is
chiefly
required
in
the
birth
,
is
evident
,
not
in
Birds
onely
,
which
do
by
their
own
industry
without
the
help
of
their
Parent
break
up
the
shell
;
but
also
in
other
Animals
;
for
all
Flies
,
and
Butterflies
,
doe
perforate
the
litle
membranes
(
in
which
they
did
lurk
when
they
were
the
Worme
Aurelia
)
and
likewise
the
Silk-worm
doth
at
his
appointed
time
mollifie
and
erode
the
litle
Silken
bagge
,
which
he
had
weaved
for
his
defence
and
security
,
and
so
gets
out
without
any
forraign
aide
.
And
in
like
manner
,
Wasps
,
Beetles
,
and
other
Insects
;
and
all
Fishes
,
are
borne
without
others
helps
;
as
doth
chiefly
appear
in
the
Raie
,
the
Fork-fish
,
the
Lamprey
,
and
all
cartilagineous
Fishes
,
which
do
conceive
their
Egges
within
themselves
,
and
those
perfect
ones
,
and
party-coloured
,
(
being
furnished
with
a
Yolk
and
White
)
and
concluded
in
a
strong
cartilagineous
quadrangular
shell
:
out
of
which
being
detained
within
the
Belly
and
the
Uterus
,
they
do
form
their
young
;
which
breaking
open
the
shell
by
force
,
do
get
abroad
:
as
also
the
young
Vipers
,
by
their
erosion
of
the
membrane
which
conteineth
the
Egge
,
do
sometimes
in
their
Mothers
Bowels
,
and
sometimes
as
they
stick
in
the
very
passage
,
and
other
times
at
the
end
of
two
or
three
daies
after
their
nativity
,
expose
themselves
to
the
wide
World
.
From
whence
that
Fable
,
that
the
Vipers
do
eat
their
way
through
their
Mothers
bowels
,
and
so
revenge
the
death
of
their
Father
,
took
its
foundation
:
When
yet
they
do
no
more
then
all
other
issues
which
come
into
the
world
,
breaking
through
the
membranes
which
encompass
them
,
either
in
their
very
Birth
it self
,
or
a
litle
after
it
.
But
how
great
furtherance
the
foetus
doth
conferre
to
its
own
Birth
,
several
observations
doe
clearly
evince
.
A
certain
Woman
here
amongst
us
(
I
speak
it
knowingly
)
was
,
(
being
dead
over
night
)
left
alone
in
her
Chamber
:
but
the
next
morning
an
Infant
was
there
found
between
her
Leggs
,
which
had
by
his
own
force
wrought
his
release
.
Gregorius
Nymmanus
,
hath
collected
certaine
examples
of
this
nature
out
of
approved
Authors
.
I
also
knew
a
Woman
,
who
had
all
the
interiour
part
of
the
neck
of
her
Womb
excoriated
and
torne
,
by
a
difficult
and
painful
delivery
:
so
that
her
time
of
Lying
in
being
over
,
though
she
proved
with
Child
againe
afterward
,
yet
not
onely
the
sides
of
the
Orifice
of
the
Neck
of
the
Womb
neer
the
Nymphae
did
close
together
,
but
all
the
whole
Cavity
thereof
,
even
to
the
inner
Orifice
of
the
Matrix
,
whereby
there
was
no
entrance
even
for
a
small
probe
,
nor
yet
any
egress
to
her
usual
fluxes
.
Hereupon
the
time
of
her
delivery
being
now
arrived
,
the
poor
soul
was
lamentably
tortured
,
and
laying
aside
all
expectation
of
being
delivered
,
she
resigned
up
her
keys
to
her
Husband
,
and
setting
her
affairs
in
order
,
she
took
leave
of
all
her
friends
.
When
behold
,
beyond
expectation
,
by
the
strong
contest
of
a
very
lusty
Infant
,
the
whole
tract
was
forced
open
,
and
she
was
miraculously
delivered
;
the
lusty
Child
proving
the
author
of
his
own
,
and
his
Parents
life
,
leaving
the
passage
open
for
the
rest
of
his
Brethren
who
should
be
borne
in
time
to
come
.
For
,
proper
applications
being
administered
,
his
Mother
was
restored
to
her
former
health
.
I
shall
adde
one
example
more
memorable
then
this
.
The
Queen
had
an
exceeding
white
Mare
,
excellently
shaped
,
presented
unto
her
:
whose
genitall
parts
(
lest
by
going
to
Horse
shee
might
endanger
the
beauty
of
her
proportions
,
and
become
unfit
for
use
)
were
,
as
the
custome
is
,
locked
up
all
with
iron
rings
.
Notwithstanding
which
,
this
Mare
(
by
what
accident
I
cannot
tell
,
nor
could
the
Groomes
inform
me
)
was
made
big
with
Foale
:
and
at
last
,
when
they
feared
no
such
matter
,
she
foaled
by
night
,
and
the
Foale
was
found
alive
next
morning
by
the
mares
side
.
When
I
came
to
heare
thereof
,
I
went
presently
to
the
Stables
,
and
saw
both
the
labia
of
the
lap
,
which
were
locked
up
with
rings
,
and
all
the
privity
towards
the
left
side
,
so
torne
and
dilacerated
from
the
right
haunch-bone
,
that
the
unity
of
that
most
tight
part
being
dissolved
,
by
the
incredible
force
of
the
young
Foale
,
hee
might
easily
finde
a
passage
through
that
wide
gap
.
So
forcible
is
the
vigour
and
efficacy
of
a
mature
and
liuely
Foetus
.
But
on
the
contrary
,
in
case
the
Foetus
be
sickly
,
and
languishing
,
or
borne
before
its
time
;
it
is
not
properly
a
birth
,
but
an
abortment
:
and
the
Foetus
is
rather
ejected
,
then
borne
:
and
therefore
though
he
be
now
some
dayes
old
,
he
will
neither
take
the
breast
kindly
,
nor
deposite
his
excrements
as
he
ought
to
doe
.
And
yet
the
Uterus
hath
its
share
in
this
business
of
Delivery
:
as
shall
appear
in
the
following
example
.
A
poor
woman
,
who
was
a
Laundress
,
did
for
a
long
time
labour
under
the
Bearing
down
,
or
precipitation
of
her
wombe
,
and
the
sheath
thereof
did
hang
down
to
the
bigness
of
ones
fist
,
and
at
length
,
using
no
applications
to
it
,
her
grief
grew
so
forcible
upon
her
,
that
it
now
begun
to
resemble
a
Scrotum
,
the
skin
being
rugged
and
squalid
;
and
yet
found
now
less
paine
or
trouble
in
it
,
then
she
was
formerly
used
to
find
,
when
it
newly
bore
down
.
But
,
she
asking
my
advice
,
I
counselled
her
to
keep
her
Bed
for
some
certain
dayes
,
and
to
mollifie
the
dryer
parts
thereof
with
fomentations
,
and
oyntments
,
and
so
when
her
wombe
was
reduced
into
her
body
,
to
keep
it
still
up
with
pessaries
and
swathes
,
till
by
the
use
of
drying
and
strengthening
remedies
it
was
confirmed
and
setled
in
its
proper
place
.
The
cure
did
for
some
time
succeed
to
our
wish
;
but
she
being
poor
,
was
fain
to
fall
to
her
calling
again
,
to
get
money
,
and
so
intermitting
her
appointed
applications
,
she
fell
into
a
relapse
,
and
endured
it
pretty
well
,
her
womb
sometimes
retiring
back
again
,
and
sometimes
continuing
quite
out
;
but
for
the
most
part
,
at
night
she
did
reduce
it
,
and
there
it
remained
for
some
time
.
But
after
many
dayes
,
she
addressed
her self
to
me
again
,
complaining
that
her
wombe
being
swelled
by
the
use
of
her
remedies
,
and
especially
of
her
fomentations
(
as
she
conceived
)
would
now
no
longer
abide
in
her
body
.
And
yet
applying
some
oyntments
which
I
had
prescribed
,
she
had
forced
it
in
againe
,
but
her
cure
did
not
continue
long
:
for
no
sooner
did
she
rise
,
and
stand
upon
her
leggs
,
and
so
goe
about
her
work
,
but
her
wombe
did
presently
,
by
reason
of
its
bulke
and
weight
,
disturbe
her
againe
,
and
would
easily
beare
downe
upon
any
occasion
.
And
now
at
this
time
it
was
as
large
as
a
Bulls
Cod
,
dangling
between
her
leggs
,
:
so
that
I
suspected
,
that
not
onely
the
sheath
,
but
that
the
womb
it selfe
was
now
inverted
,
or
else
that
shee
was
diseased
with
a
Uterine
Hernia
,
or
rupture
.
It
grew
at
last
bigger
then
a
mans
head
,
being
then
a
hard
tumour
,
and
hanging
downe
to
her
knees
did
much
pain
her
,
so
that
she
could
not
goe
(
but
upon
all
foure
)
and
breaking
just
in
the
bottom
of
it
,
it
did
effund
a
moisture
(
as
if
it
had
been
an
Ulcer
)
and
blood
with
it
.
Looking
upon
it
(
for
I
did
not
explore
it
by
touch
)
I
did
suspect
it
to
be
a
Cancer
of
the
wombe
,
and
therefore
did
bethink
my selfe
of
a
Ligature
,
and
cutting
it
off
:
and
in
the
interim
,
I
advised
her
to
apply
gentle
fomentations
to
it
to
asswage
the
paine
.
But
the
following
night
,
an
Infant
perfectly
shaped
,
of
a
span
long
,
was
cast
out
of
that
Tumour
,
but
it
was
dead
;
and
the
next
morning
they
brought
it
to
me
;
which
having
embowelled
,
I
kept
swimming
in
cold
water
without
corrupting
for
some
moneths
time
,
shewing
it
to
many
of
my
friends
(
as
a
miraculous
spectacle
.
)
The
skin
in
this
Foetus
was
not
yet
formed
;
but
only
a
thin
paring
appeared
(
such
as
lieth
about
a
Codlin
)
which
I
easily
drew
away
whole
and
entire
;
whereupon
all
the
muscles
disclosed
themselves
very
distinctly
,
(
for
the
Foetus
was
leane
.
)
What
other
matters
I
observed
in
the
dissection
of
this
Foetus
,
shall
be
related
elsewhere
:
in
this
place
,
I
thought
it
onely
convenient
to
signifie
,
how
the
Matrix
it self
alone
did
promote
this
Abortive
,
and
did
eject
this
Foetus
by
its
owne
industry
.
Fabricius
doth
propose
two
things
worthy
admiration
De
form
.
foet
.
pag.
142.
(
as
he
saith
)
in
the
birth
,
and
after
it
:
the
first
is
concerning
the
dilatation
of
the
Uterus
in
the
Birth
:
and
the
other
is
,
of
the
reduction
of
the
Uterus
after
the
Birth
into
its
former
compass
and
narrowness
:
Wondering
that
the
womb
should
be
so
much
distended
to
make
way
for
the
foetus
,
and
that
in
a
short
time
after
delivery
,
it
should
retire
into
its
pristine
dimension
.
How
the
Neck
of
the
Womb
,
which
is
thick
,
hard
,
and
so
shut
up
,
that
it
will
not
admit
a
slender
probe
,
should
subscribe
to
so
vast
a
distention
in
the
time
of
Delivery
,
We
may
with
Galen
Deus
.
part
.
l.
15.
c.
7.
pag.
143.
admire
,
saith
he
,
but
we
shall
never
comprehend
it
.
Yet
he
gives
this
Reason
for
it
,
namely
That
the
Uterus
,
while
it
is
not
pregnant
,
is
a
thick
and
hard
body
,
so
likewise
is
its
orifice
;
but
being
impregnated
,
it
becomes
soft
and
thin
:
and
the
nearer
it
drawes
to
delivery
,
so
much
the
more
is
the
substance
,
and
by
consequence
its
orifice
too
,
made
thinner
,
and
softer
.
And
this
he
conceiveth
to
be
effected
by
its
distention
;
which
being
distended
,
its
compact
and
complicated
body
(
if
he
may
so
speak
)
is
expanded
and
smoothed
,
and
so
,
though
it
was
thick
and
hard
before
,
yet
now
it
is
rendred
thin
and
soft
,
and
so
consequently
fit
to
afford
an
exit
to
the
foetus
.
And
afterwards
he
saith
,
There
was
one
,
who
once
enquired
of
me
,
how
,
if
it
be
so
indeed
,
it
can
be
true
that
in
women
with
childe
the
orifice
of
the
womb
is
so
occluded
,
that
not
so
much
as
a
small
probe
can
get
into
it
?
I
make
answer
,
that
it
came
to
be
so
,
in
that
the
womb
while
it
is
distended
,
and
is
unfolded
like
a
linnen
cloth
that
is
compacted
and
folded
up
together
,
doth
begin
to
be
raised
up
first
in
its
upper
part
,
and
there
to
be
unfolded
,
and
after
it
the
lower
parts
do
by
degrees
begin
to
distend
,
till
at
the
last
that
distending
faculty
doth
arrive
at
the
very
orifice
of
the
womb
it self
;
which
is
convenient
to
be
so
then
,
when
the
Uterus
is
inclining
towards
delivery
.
Wherefore
the
Orifice
of
the
womb
is
deservedly
shut
for
the
first
months
,
(
whilest
it
is
crass
and
obdurate
)
but
in
the
last
dilated
.
And
thus
much
touching
Galens
unknown
cause
:
we
might
also
adde
other
Reasons
,
whereby
the
dilatation
of
the
womb
becometh
more
easie
,
as
,
suppose
,
the
Excrements
of
the
Foetus
,
namely
the
Sweat
and
the
Urine
:
which
though
they
are
contained
in
their
own
proper
membranes
and
receptacles
,
yet
may
the
power
of
Humectation
arrive
even
unto
this
Orifice
,
especially
since
it
is
placed
below
,
and
neer
to
these
humours
,
being
alwaies
present
with
them
.
Adde
also
moreover
,
that
a
certain
mucous
and
pituitous
substance
is
alwaies
found
about
the
orifice
of
the
womb
.
But
,
in
my
opinion
,
this
worthy
man
is
mistaken
;
for
the
Neck
of
the
womb
is
not
hard
by
complication
,
but
of
its
own
essence
,
and
nervous
constitution
:
and
likewise
,
those
accidental
Causes
(
which
he
alledgeth
)
are
of
litle
advantage
to
this
purpose
.
For
,
doubtless
,
this
is
done
by
the
Divine
Providence
of
Nature
(
as
well
as
the
rest
of
the
wonderfull
Fabrick
of
the
Body
)
which
doth
direct
her
workmanship
to
a
certain
End
,
Action
,
and
Use
.
The
Wombs
constitution
therefore
is
such
,
that
in
the
first
Conception
it
should
have
its
nervous
Orifice
constringed
,
for
retention
sake
,
which
afterwards
in
the
delivery
of
the
foetus
(
like
the
fruit
in
the
Tree
)
doth
of
hard
become
soft
and
mellow
,
for
the
convenience
of
expulsion
:
and
that
not
from
any
unfolding
,
but
from
the
alteration
of
its
Temper
;
for
even
the
connexion
of
the
bones
themselves
,
namely
the
Synchondrosis
of
the
Haunch-bone
with
the
Share
,
and
Holy-bone
,
&
the
synneuresis
or
natural
union
or
coalition
of
the
Rump
,
or
utmost
end
of
the
Os
Sacrum
is
dissolved
and
mollified
.
It
is
indeed
a
wonderfull
thing
,
that
the
litle
bud
of
a
growing
Nut
(
as
suppose
of
the
Kernel
of
an
Almond
,
or
other
Fruit
)
should
break
those
bones
which
a
Malet
can
hardly
bruise
:
and
that
the
tender
fibers
of
the
Ivy-root
crawling
along
the
narrow
chinks
or
crannies
of
stones
,
should
at
last
demolish
large
walls
.
But
it
is
nothing
so
wonderfull
,
that
the
genital
parts
of
Women
which
are
relaxed
in
the
birth
,
should
afterward
harden
,
and
draw
themselves
together
,
because
it
is
natural
to
those
parts
;
especially
if
we
consider
that
the
Yard
of
the
Male
is
in
coition
very
much
stretched
,
and
hardened
,
and
anon
doth
flagge
,
and
soften
.
We
are
more
to
admire
(
which
is
beyond
all
plicature
or
folding
)
that
the
substance
of
the
Uterus
is
not
onely
dayly
amplified
and
distended
,
according
to
the
growth
of
the
foetus
,
(
as
if
it
were
,
according
to
the
opinion
of
Fabricius
,
unfolded
)
but
doth
grow
thicker
,
more
carnous
,
and
stronger
then
before
.
That
indeed
is
more
wonderfull
;
yet
,
as
Fabricius
admireth
it
,
that
the
so
large
bulk
of
the
Uterus
should
in
so
few
dayes
space
,
by
the
customary
purgations
of
Child-bed
,
return
to
its
pristine
dimensions
:
since
it
is
not
so
in
other
●umours
and
impostumations
:
which
consisting
of
praeternatural
,
and
digestive
faculties
,
which
rebell
against
the
expulsive
,
are
longer
under
cure
.
And
yet
this
is
no
more
admirable
,
then
the
other
works
of
Nature
;
for
all
things
are
filled
with
the
Deity
,
and
the
God
of
Nature
displayeth
himself
in
all
things
.
In
the
last
place
,
Fabricius
doth
most
admire
,
that
those
Vessels
of
the
Embryo
(
namely
the
Oval
perforation
out
of
the
Hollow-vein
into
the
Venal
Arterie
,
and
the
passage
from
the
Arterial
Vein
into
the
Aorta
;
(
whereof
we
have
treated
at
large
,
in
our
Tract
of
the
Circulation
of
the
Blood
)
should
presently
after
the
birth
wither
,
and
be
obliterated
,
and
is
enforced
to
betake
himself
to
that
reason
cited
by
us
before
out
of
Aristotle
;
namely
,
that
all
parts
are
constituted
for
some
Action
ot
other
,
De
part
.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
5.
and
that
Action
being
taken
away
,
the
parts
also
themselves
do
vanish
.
As
the
Eye
seeth
,
the
Eare
heareth
,
the
Braine
perceiveth
,
the
Stomack
concocteth
;
not
because
they
are
endowed
with
such
a
kinde
of
temper
and
fabrick
;
but
those
organs
are
therefore
endowed
with
such
a
kinde
of
temper
and
fabrick
,
that
so
they
may
perform
the
Functions
assigned
them
by
Nature
.
By
which
argument
it
appeareth
,
that
the
Uterus
is
the
chiefest
of
the
Parts
dedicated
to
Generation
:
for
the
Testicles
are
constituted
for
the
geniture
or
seed
;
but
the
seed
for
coition
;
and
coition
it self
,
or
emission
of
seed
,
that
the
Uterus
may
receive
fecundity
,
and
so
generation
ensue
thereby
.
We
have
formerly
said
,
that
the
Egge
is
as
it
were
the
fruit
of
Animals
,
and
as
it
were
an
exposed
Womb.
Now
on
the
contrary
,
we
shall
contemplate
the
Uterus
as
an
Egge
residing
within
.
For
as
Trees
,
at
set
times
,
do
flourish
with
leaves
,
flowers
,
and
fruits
:
and
Oviparous
Animals
do
sometimes
generate
eggs
,
and
lay
;
but
sometimes
they
grow
emerit
,
and
the
place
or
part
which
did
contain
them
is
not
to
be
found
:
so
also
Viviparous
Animals
have
their
Spring
,
and
Autumne
.
At
the
Seasons
of
fecunditie
and
generation
,
the
Genital
parts
,
especially
in
Females
,
are
very
much
altered
:
insomuch
that
the
Ovary
in
Birds
,
which
at
other
times
is
conspicuous
,
doth
then
appear
something
turgid
:
and
the
Belly
of
Fishes
,
about
the
time
of
Spawning
,
doth
much
exceed
all
the
rest
of
their
body
,
by
reason
of
the
multitude
of
their
eggs
,
and
affluence
of
their
seed
or
spawne
.
In
many
Viviparous
Animals
,
the
Genitals
(
namely
the
Uterus
,
and
Spermatical
Vessels
)
are
perceived
to
be
at
some
times
of
a
diverse
Constitution
,
Temper
,
and
Fabrick
;
but
as
they
grow
pregnant
,
or
forbear
to
be
so
,
so
do
they
diversly
change
;
so
that
a
man
can
hardly
know
them
for
the
same
things
.
For
as
in
Nature
nothing
is
wanting
,
so
there
is
no
superfluity
.
And
therefore
the
Genital
parts
,
when
there
is
no
more
use
of
them
,
do
wither
,
are
retracted
,
and
as
it
were
obliterated
and
expunged
.
At
the
times
of
Coition
,
the
Testicles
are
conspicuous
in
male
Hares
,
and
Moles
,
and
the
Hornes
are
then
visible
in
the
Uterus
of
their
females
.
It
were
strange
to
relate
,
how
great
an
affluence
of
seed
is
then
conspicuous
in
the
larger
sort
of
Moles
,
and
Mice
,
in
which
at
other
times
no
seed
at
all
is
to
be
seen
(
but
their
Testicles
are
extenuated
and
retracted
into
their
Bellies
)
but
when
they
forgoe
impregnation
,
there
is
hardly
any
such
thing
as
a
Uterus
to
be
perceivd
:
insomuch
that
it
is
a
difficult
matter
to
distinguish
Male
from
Femal
.
The
Womb
doth
,
chiefly
in
Women
,
exceedingly
vary
both
in
Temper
,
as
also
in
those
Adjuncts
which
follow
the
Temper
(
namely
Scituation
,
Magnitude
,
Figure
,
Colour
,
Thickness
,
Hardness
,
&
Density
.
)
Unripe
Virgins
,
as
their
Breasts
are
no
bigger
then
the
Breasts
of
Boyes
;
so
is
their
Uterus
very
small
,
white
,
of
a
skinny
substance
,
destitute
of
Veines
,
and
in
magnitude
,
not
exceeding
the
top
of
ones
Thumb
,
or
a
large
Bean.
So
also
antient
Women
,
as
their
breasts
do
sink
,
so
have
they
a
retreated
,
flaggy
,
lank
,
pallid
Womb
,
void
of
Veins
and
Blood
.
Which
I
also
conceive
to
be
the
cause
,
why
Women
growing
Antient
have
not
their
monthly
Termes
:
but
that
they
descend
into
the
Haemorrhoides
,
or
else
do
abruptly
forsake
them
,
and
so
endanger
their
health
.
But
when
the
Womb
is
now
chill
,
and
as
it
were
defunct
,
&
all
the
Veins
and
Arteries
thereof
are
expunged
,
the
superfluous
blood
,
when
it
boileth
,
doth
either
restagnate
,
or
divert
its
course
into
the
neighbouring
Haemorrhoids
.
But
on
the
contrary
,
in
pale
Virgins
,
and
such
as
have
the
Green
sickness
(
whose
Womb
is
slender
,
and
their
Terms
are
at
a
stay
)
by
Coition
with
the
Male
,
saith
Aristotle
,
De
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
1.
the
excrement
of
the
Terms
is
drawn
down
,
for
the
Uterus
being
tepefied
,
doth
attract
the
humours
,
and
the
passages
are
opened
.
Whereupon
a
vast
abatement
of
their
distemper
doth
ensue
:
for
the
Womb
being
unmindefull
of
his
function
,
many
mischiefes
do
befall
the
Body
in
general
:
because
the
Womb
is
a
principal
part
,
which
doth
easily
draw
the
whole
body
into
consent
with
it
.
No
man
(
who
is
but
never
so
litle
versed
in
such
matters
)
is
ignorant
,
what
grievous
Symptomes
,
the
Rising
,
Bearing
down
,
and
Perversion
,
and
Convulsion
of
the
Womb
do
excite
;
what
horrid
extravagancies
of
minde
,
what
Phrensies
,
Melancholy
Distempers
,
and
Outragiousness
,
the
praeternatural
Diseases
of
the
Womb
do
induce
,
as
if
the
affected
Persons
were
inchanted
:
as
also
how
many
difficult
Diseases
,
the
depraved
effluxion
of
the
Terms
,
or
the
use
of
Venus
much
intermitted
,
and
long
desired
do
foment
.
Nor
is
it
less
known
,
how
great
an
Alteration
doth
befall
Virgins
,
when
their
Uterus
doth
enlarge
,
and
is
tepefied
,
for
they
grow
mature
,
and
their
Complexion
doth
improve
;
their
Breasts
strut
forth
,
they
become
more
beautifull
,
their
Eyes
glisten
,
their
Voice
is
more
tunable
,
their
Gate
,
Gesture
,
and
Discourse
,
are
more
gracefull
then
formerly
;
and
their
more
grievous
Distempers
are
at
this
time
,
or
never
,
cured
.
I
knew
a
noble
Lady
,
which
was
wilde
by
reason
of
a
Uterine
Melancholy
and
Distemper
,
for
above
ten
years
together
:
and
when
all
Remedies
had
been
in
vain
employed
,
she
fell
at
last
into
the
Bearing
down
of
the
Uterus
;
which
accident
,
contrary
to
others
judgement
,
I
did
prognosticate
would
conduce
to
her
health
;
and
perswaded
her
not
to
return
her
womb
,
untill
its
distemper
was
asswaged
by
the
outward
cold
aire
:
the
success
was
answerable
to
my
perswasion
,
and
in
a
short
time
she
was
perfectly
cured
;
and
her
womb
being
at
last
restored
to
its
seat
,
did
remaine
there
,
and
she
lives
a
healthy
life
,
even
to
this
day
.
I
knew
another
Woman
,
which
was
troubled
with
Hysterical
symptoms
,
such
as
no
Applications
could
subdue
;
who
at
length
after
many
yeares
was
cured
by
the
Bearing
down
of
the
Womb.
And
both
these
being
relieved
in
their
Symptoms
,
I
did
restore
their
wombs
to
their
places
with
happy
success
.
For
the
Uterus
being
by
any
sharp
humour
excited
violently
to
expulsion
,
doth
not
onely
gently
bear
down
,
but
(
like
unto
the
Right
Gut
when
it
is
irritated
by
a
troublesom
Tenesmus
)
doth
precipitate
it self
outward
.
Divers
therefore
is
the
Constitution
of
the
Uterus
;
and
that
not
onely
praeternatural
,
but
natural
also
,
namely
,
in
the
time
of
Fecundity
,
and
Barrenness
.
In
young
Girles
,
and
Women
past
Childing
,
it
is
(
as
I
have
said
)
of
the
magnitude
of
a
Bean
,
and
without
any
blood
:
in
a
Virgin
ripe
for
a
husband
,
it
resembleth
the
bulk
and
form
of
a
Pear
:
in
fruitfull
Women
,
and
such
as
are
apt
to
conceive
,
it
is
as
large
as
a
small
Gourd
,
or
a
Goose-egge
;
and
doth
likewise
swell
as
the
breasts
do
,
and
growing
more
laxe
and
fleshy
,
it
becommeth
warme
;
and
as
Virgil
speaketh
of
the
Fields
,
—
superat
tener
omnibus
humor
,
—
&
genitalia
semina
poscunt
:
They
all
a
flowing
moisture
have
,
And
so
a
fruitfull
seed
do
crave
.
Wherefore
their
Terms
being
now
at
hand
,
or
newly
over
,
whilest
the
warmth
and
moisture
of
the
Part
(
which
are
two
necessary
causes
of
Generation
)
do
remain
,
Women
are
most
apt
to
conceive
.
And
so
other
Animals
likewise
(
when
they
are
excited
to
Venery
)
their
Genital
parts
are
moist
,
turgid
,
and
swelled
.
And
this
Constitution
I
have
found
in
the
Womb
,
before
the
Birth
.
But
in
Women
with
Child
,
the
Uterus
(
as
hath
been
said
)
doth
extend
according
to
the
growth
of
the
Infant
,
and
so
enlargeth
into
a
vast
proportion
.
I
have
found
it
presently
after
Delivery
,
of
the
bigness
of
ones
head
,
and
thicker
then
the
middlefingers
breadth
,
and
fraught
with
diverse
vessels
full
of
blood
.
It
is
indeed
a
wonderful
thing
,
and
(
as
Fabricius
noteth
)
doth
much
exceed
our
humane
apprehension
,
that
the
so
vast
bulk
of
the
Uterus
should
so
much
lessen
,
in
so
short
a
space
,
namely
in
the
space
of
fifteen
,
or
twenty
days
.
For
no
sooner
is
the
foetus
and
the
After-burden
excluded
,
but
the
Uterus
doth
by
degrees
gather
it self
together
,
streighteneth
its
Neck
,
and
retreateth
it self
towards
the
interiour
parts
;
being
partly
insensibly
abated
by
a
diaphoresis
,
and
partly
dissolved
into
the
Purgations
:
and
all
the
bordering
parts
,
the
bones
,
belly
,
and
all
the
Hypogastrical
region
,
are
together
contracted
,
and
grow
sirme
againe
.
In
the
Purgations
,
first
of
all
pure
blood
,
then
corrupt
blood
,
like
that
Water
wherein
flesh
that
is
newly
killed
is
washed
,
and
then
paler
blood
doth
issue
forth
:
our
women
doe
call
it
lactis
proventum
,
the
coming
of
the
Milke
,
when
their
purgations
are
now
no
longer
died
with
blood
;
because
perhaps
,
the
Milk
doth
at
that
time
flow
more
plenteous
,
and
sound
for
the
Infant
,
from
the
breasts
;
and
the
purgations
do
then
begin
to
diminish
,
and
dry
away
:
the
alible
juice
being
now
translated
from
the
Uterus
to
the
breasts
.
And
yet
other
Animals
do
not
require
so
great
trouble
in
the
business
,
for
the
fore-said
parts
in
them
are
,
in
the
compass
of
a
day
or
two
,
quite
restored
,
and
perfectly
consolidated
.
Nay
some
of
them
(
as
the
Hare
,
and
the
Coney
)
in
the
space
of
an
hour
after
they
have
kindled
,
do
admit
the
Buck
,
and
are
again
fructified
by
Coition
.
As
we
have
shewed
that
the
Hen
so
soon
as
ever
she
hath
layed
,
is
compressed
by
the
Cock
.
But
Women
alone
,
as
they
onely
have
Termes
,
so
do
they
abound
with
after-purgings
,
and
do
alone
undergoe
difficult
and
hazardous
deliveries
:
because
their
Uterus
doth
either
unseasonably
gather
it self
together
,
by
reason
of
weakness
,
or
else
the
After-purgings
are
depraved
contrary
to
nature
,
or
do
not
come
away
kindly
.
For
it
often
befalls
Women
(
especially
the
more
tender
sort
)
that
the
After-purgings
being
corrupted
,
and
grown
noisome
within
,
do
call
in
Feavers
,
and
other
grievous
Symptomes
.
For
the
Womb
being
excoriated
by
the
separation
of
the
After-burden
(
especially
if
the
separation
were
violent
)
like
a
large
inward
Ulcer
,
is
cleansed
and
mundified
by
the
liberal
emanations
of
the
After-purgings
.
And
hereupon
we
conclude
of
the
welfare
or
danger
of
a
Woman
in
Child-bed
,
according
to
her
excretions
.
If
any
part
of
the
After-burden
be
left
sticking
to
the
Uterus
,
the
After-purgings
will
flow
forth
evil-sented
,
green
,
and
as
if
they
proceeded
from
a
dead
body
:
and
sometimes
the
courage
and
strength
of
the
womb
being
quite
vanquished
,
a
suddaine
Gangrene
doth
induce
a
certain
death
.
In
case
any
Clotted
Blood
,
or
any
other
preternatural
matter
,
do
remain
in
the
cavity
of
the
womb
after
the
Delivery
;
the
Womb
will
neither
retire
upwards
,
nor
close
its
Orifice
,
but
its
Neck
will
continue
soft
and
open
:
As
I
have
had
experience
in
a
Woman
,
which
lying
very
sick
of
a
Malignant
Feaver
,
and
being
very
weak
,
did
suffer
an
Abortion
:
who
after
the
exclusion
of
the
Foetus
;
which
was
incorrupt
and
entire
,
yet
lay
exceeding
weak
with
a
disorderly
Pulse
,
and
in
a
cold
sweat
,
as
if
she
were
a
dying
.
I
perceived
the
Orifice
of
her
Womb
was
lax
,
soft
,
and
very
open
,
and
her
After-purgings
were
something
noisome
:
whereupon
I
suspected
that
something
did
lurke
in
her
Womb
which
did
putrefie
:
and
putting
in
my
hand
,
I
extracted
a
false
Conception
,
as
bigge
as
a
Goose-egge
;
which
was
made
of
a
most
thick
,
nervous
,
and
almost
gristly
substance
,
having
some
perforations
in
it
:
(
whereout
did
issue
a
viscid
and
putrefied
matter
)
and
immediately
upon
this
she
was
discharged
of
those
greivous
Symptomes
,
and
suddainly
after
did
perfectly
recover
.
When
the
Neck
of
the
Womb
doth
a
litle
contract
it self
,
and
thereupon
the
Clotted
Blood
doth
get
out
,
though
not
without
pain
and
difficulty
,
causing
those
paines
,
which
our
Midwives
call
the
After-throws
:
the
danger
is
then
supposed
to
be
over
,
and
indeed
it
is
usually
so
;
because
it
is
a
signe
of
the
strength
and
firmness
of
the
Uterus
,
collecting
it self
easily
together
;
whereby
the
After-purgings
are
more
readily
expelled
,
and
the
Woman
is
the
sooner
well
.
But
I
have
known
the
Orifice
of
the
Womb
draw
together
so
close
in
some
immediately
after
the
delivery
,
that
the
Blood
being
deteined
in
the
Womb
,
and
thereupon
suddenly
putrefying
and
thickening
into
Clots
,
did
induce
most
greivous
Symptomes
;
and
when
no
means
would
availe
to
unburden
them
,
a
present
death
insued
.
A
very
Honourable
Lady
in
Child-bed
falling
into
a
feaver
(
by
reason
no
After-purgings
came
from
her
)
had
her
Privities
swoln
,
and
scortching
:
the
Orifice
of
her
Matrix
being
hard
,
and
shut
up
,
I
did
open
it
a
litle
way
by
force
with
an
Iron
Instrument
,
that
so
I
might
immit
an
Injection
by
a
litle
Syringe
;
whereupon
black
,
clotted
,
and
noisome
blood
did
issue
out
,
even
to
some
certain
pounds
weight
,
whereby
she
received
present
ease
.
The
Wife
of
a
Doctor
of
Divinity
,
who
was
of
a
good
habit
of
Body
enough
,
but
being
Barren
,
did
consult
me
;
and
being
very
desirous
of
Children
,
she
had
tried
many
Medicines
,
and
Physicians
,
but
all
to
no
purpose
:
she
had
her
Termes
at
the
usual
times
;
but
sometimes
(
especially
when
she
had
rod
on
Horse-back
)
some
corrupt
and
purulent
substance
did
issue
from
her
:
Which
presently
after
would
stop
again
.
Some
conceived
it
to
be
the
Whites
:
others
suspected
it
to
be
some
deep
Ulcer
:
being
perswaded
thereunto
,
chiefly
,
because
her
flux
was
not
constant
,
and
by
litle
and
litle
,
but
by
certain
Intervalls
,
and
much
at
a
time
:
Whereupon
by
the
help
of
a
Speculum
Matricis
they
did
survey
all
the
sheath
of
the
Uterus
,
and
did
apply
several
Medicines
,
but
all
in
vain
.
At
last
I
,
being
called
,
did
open
the
inward
Orifice
of
the
Womb
,
and
presently
there
did
issue
forth
to
the
quantity
of
two
spoonfulls
,
of
corrupt
matter
,
sprinkled
with
bloody
streaks
.
Which
when
I
perceived
,
I
told
them
that
there
lay
an
Ulcer
lurking
in
the
cavity
of
her
Womb
;
and
by
injecting
proper
Medicaments
,
I
restored
her
to
her
former
health
.
But
being
intent
upon
the
cure
,
and
seeing
the
ordinary
remedies
did
litle
availe
,
I
applied
more
forcible
ones
;
because
I
suspected
that
the
Ulcer
was
inveterate
(
and
perhaps
with
flesh
growing
upon
it
)
wherefore
to
my
former
injections
,
I
added
a
litle
Roman
Vitriol
;
by
whose
acrimony
the
Uterus
being
extimulated
,
did
grow
so
hard
,
that
it
did
seem
as
hard
to
the
touch
as
a
Stone
:
and
occasioned
several
Hysterical
Symptomes
withall
;
which
Physitians
commonly
conceive
to
proceed
from
the
suffocation
of
the
Matrix
,
and
foul
vapours
being
thence
sent
upwards
.
This
inconvenience
continued
a
while
;
till
the
Uterus
being
asswaged
by
milder
applications
,
and
such
as
abate
pains
,
did
relax
its
Orifice
againe
,
and
did
exclude
the
sharp
liquour
which
I
had
injected
,
together
with
a
putrid
matter
.
Whereby
the
Patient
was
in
a
short
time
restored
.
I
conceived
it
convenient
to
transferre
this
History
out
of
my
Medicinal
Observations
,
to
this
place
,
that
it
may
evidently
appear
,
of
how
sharp
and
quick
a
sense
the
Uterus
is
:
and
how
easily
it
doth
close
it self
upon
the
presence
of
its
adverversary
:
especially
in
a
greivous
and
difficult
Lying
in
.
Now
these
casualties
are
most
incident
to
Women
above
all
other
Creatures
,
and
of
them
,
to
those
that
are
tenderly
brought
up
,
and
doe
lead
a
sedentary
and
lazy
life
;
as
also
to
such
as
are
of
a
sickly
constitution
,
and
do
easily
fall
into
distempers
.
For
Country
Women
,
and
such
as
take
great
paines
,
are
not
so
dangerously
ill
,
upon
so
smal
grounds
.
Some
of
these
will
be
with
Child
again
within
a
moneths
time
:
when
as
the
other
are
often
out
of
order
for
two
years
after
.
Hippocrates
allotteth
as
many
daies
for
the
Afpurgings
,
as
for
the
formation
of
the
foetus
;
and
therefore
male
Child
.
But
that
,
witness
Scaliger
,
is
false
:
For
none
of
our
Women
are
purged
above
a
moneth
after
their
delivery
:
many
Com.
in
hist.
an
.
Arist.
l.
7.
c.
3.
not
beyond
fifteen
daies
:
and
some
but
seven
:
nay
I
have
known
a
Woman
,
who
was
cleansed
in
three
days
,
even
after
she
had
brought
forth
Twins
.
Galen
hath
many
things
concerning
this
subject
,
in
his
Book
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
The
Women
(
as
the
report
goeth
)
in
the
New-found
Land
,
keep
close
the
day
of
their
delivery
;
but
the
next
day
returne
to
their
ordinary
emploiments
.
I
will
onely
adde
,
for
conclusion
,
a
memorable
relation
,
delivered
to
me
from
the
Noble
Lord
George
Carew
,
Baron
of
Tatnes
,
and
for
a
long
time
President
of
Munster
in
Ireland
,
who
also
wrote
the
Annals
of
those
times
.
There
was
a
Woman
bigge
with
Child
,
which
followed
her
Husband
,
who
was
a
Souldier
in
the
Army
;
and
the
Army
being
daily
in
motion
,
was
it
seemes
forced
to
make
a
Halt
,
by
reason
of
a
litle
River
that
run
cross
the
place
whether
they
intended
to
March
:
whereupon
the
poor
woman
finding
her
labour
come
upon
her
,
retired
to
the
next
thicker
,
and
alone
by
her self
,
without
any
Midwife
,
or
other
preparation
,
brought
forth
Twins
:
which
she
presently
carried
to
the
River
,
and
there
washed
both
her self
and
them
;
which
done
,
she
wrapt
her
Infants
into
a
course
cloath
,
and
tied
them
to
her
back
,
and
that
very
day
,
marched
along
with
the
Army
twelve
mile
together
,
bare-footed
:
and
was
never
the
worse
for
the
matter
.
The
next
day
after
,
the
Deputy
of
Ireland
,
the
Lord
Montioy
(
who
at
that
time
was
General
of
the
Army
against
the
Spaniards
,
at
the
siedge
of
Kingsale
)
and
the
President
of
Munster
,
being
affected
at
the
strangeness
of
the
story
,
did
both
vouchsafe
to
be
God-fathers
to
the
Infants
.
Of
the
Membranes
and
Humours
of
the
Uterus
.
HIeronymus
Fabricius
recounteth
four
sorts
of
bodies
,
Lib.
de
for
.
foetus
c.
1.
which
do
consist
without
the
Foetus
,
namely
the
Umbilical
Vessels
,
the
Membranes
,
Humours
,
and
fleshy
substance
.
Concerning
which
,
I
shall
briefly
declare
,
wherein
I
differ
in
opinion
from
him
,
(
by
the
instigation
of
several
Observations
)
but
first
I
shall
succinctly
lay
down
his
opinion
.
There
are
,
saith
he
,
three
Membranes
,
two
whereof
do
encompass
the
Infant
throughout
,
but
the
third
doth
not
.
Of
those
which
do
incompass
the
Foetus
,
one
is
the
interiour
,
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
id
est
,
amiculum
,
the
litle
covering
.
The
other
is
placed
next
to
the
former
,
and
called
in
Greek
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
in
Latine
,
Innominata
,
the
coat
without
a
name
(
but
it
is
by
Interpreters
falsly
called
Secundae
,
or
Secundina
,
the
Secundine
)
and
this
also
doth
encompass
the
whole
Foetus
.
The
third
is
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
id
est
,
Intestinalis
,
the
Gut-like
Membrane
,
because
it
is
like
a
stuffed
Gut
,
or
Pudding
:
which
therefore
doth
not
encompass
the
Foetus
,
but
lieth
over
part
of
the
breast
and
lower
belly
,
and
is
extended
to
each
horn
of
the
Uterus
.
He
doth
confess
that
this
Membrane
is
onely
to
be
found
in
a
Lamb
,
and
a
Calfe
;
and
saith
that
it
is
joined
to
the
Uterus
,
and
doth
by
the
Urachus
receive
the
Urine
of
the
foetus
from
the
Bladder
.
And
therefore
,
saith
he
,
In
Horned
beasts
,
which
have
this
coat
called
Allantoides
,
the
Urachus
is
so
large
,
and
straite
,
that
it
resembleth
a
Gut
;
growing
by
degrees
lesser
and
lesser
,
even
till
it
reach
to
the
bottom
of
the
bladder
:
which
doth
easily
evince
that
its
original
is
rather
from
the
Allantoides
,
then
from
the
Bladder
.
But
in
a
Man
,
and
other
Animals
which
have
teeth
in
both
Jawes
,
the
fore-mentioned
largeness
of
the
Urachus
is
so
small
,
that
whereas
it
riseth
single
from
the
bottom
of
the
Bladder
,
it
is
presently
after
divided
into
most
slender
fibers
,
which
passing
along
with
the
Umbilical
Vessels
,
do
transfund
the
Urine
into
the
coat
Chorion
(
in
an
almost
invisible
manner
.
)
And
upon
this
ground
he
doth
challenge
Arantius
of
a
double
errour
;
both
in
that
he
denyed
any
Urachus
to
be
found
in
a
humane
foetus
;
and
likewise
for
saying
,
that
it
doth
discharge
its
Urine
through
its
privy
member
.
But
for
my
part
,
I
confess
my self
to
be
involved
in
the
same
errours
with
Arantius
(
if
at
least
they
be
errours
.
)
For
I
am
sure
of
this
,
that
if
you
compress
the
bladder
of
a
large-grown
foetus
,
(
be
it
the
humane
foetus
,
or
of
any
other
Animal
)
the
Urine
will
start
out
at
the
Privities
.
But
as
for
the
Urachus
,
I
never
yet
saw
any
such
thing
,
nor
could
ever
observe
that
upon
compression
of
the
bladder
,
the
Urine
would
gush
out
into
the
Secundines
.
I
have
indeed
in
Sheep
and
Deer
,
seen
a
certain
Process
of
the
bladder
,
which
doth
contain
Urine
in
it
;
but
never
saw
any
such
as
the
Urachus
by
him
described
.
And
yet
I
will
not
too
stiffly
deny
,
that
there
is
a
Coat
called
Allantoides
;
for
the
Interiour
membranes
are
so
thin
and
transparent
,
(
such
as
wee
have
signified
to
be
found
between
the
two
whites
of
an
Egg
)
that
they
may
easily
impose
upon
the
Eye
.
Likewise
in
a
Hen-egg
,
between
the
Colliquamentum
and
the
White
(
that
is
,
between
the
Amnion
,
and
the
Chorion
)
there
is
to
be
seen
some
whitish
excrements
,
nay
,
sometimes
the
very
downright
excrements
of
the
Guts
;
as
we
have
formerly
spoken
,
and
Coiterus
hath
also
observed
.
Moreover
,
the
Membrane
of
the
Colliquamentum
it self
(
wherein
the
Chicken
doth
swim
)
though
it
be
pellucid
,
thin
,
and
so
subtle
,
that
(
according
to
Fabricius
his
own
confession
)
thinner
cannot
be
imagined
:
yet
(
since
according
to
Him
,
all
the
membranes
though
never
so
thin
,
are
nevertheless
double
)
Nature
may
possibly
sometimes
upon
necessity
deposit
the
Urine
,
or
some
other
excrement
between
the
Reduplications
or
folds
thereof
.
And
such
a
kinde
of
Allantoides
as
this
,
I
shall
willingly
indulge
to
Fabricius
:
but
as
for
any
other
kinde
of
Pudding
,
carried
on
to
both
the
bornes
of
the
Womb
,
I
finde
no
such
thing
in
the
Secundines
of
Cloven-footed-beasts
,
nor
any
thing
else
,
but
the
Conception
it self
.
I
onely
finde
,
(
as
I
have
said
before
)
a
kinde
of
Process
of
the
bladder
,
which
being
seated
between
the
Umbilical
Arteries
,
doth
contain
an
excrementitious
humour
,
and
this
Process
is
in
some
longer
,
and
in
others
shorter
.
Wherefore
,
in
my
judgment
,
the
Coat
which
Fabricius
calls
Allantoides
,
is
the
meer
Chorion
:
and
yet
the
Antients
called
it
Allantoides
,
from
the
figure
of
a
double-pudding
,
which
it
doth
resemble
.
For
the
exteriour
membrane
,
which
(
like
a
Wallet
tyed
in
the
middle
)
is
extended
to
the
extremities
of
each
Horn
;
and
passing
through
the
interposed
part
of
the
Uterus
(
or
the
connexion
of
both
the
Horns
)
is
fastened
together
,
is
the
Chorion
;
which
,
in
Sheep
,
Goats
,
Hinds
,
and
Does
,
and
other
cloven-footed
beasts
,
if
you
take
it
in
your
hand
in
the
middle
of
that
passage
,
you
may
draw
it
away
entire
:
and
this
we
have
called
their
Egge
,
or
Conception
.
For
it
containeth
as
an
Egge
doth
,
a
two-fold
liquor
,
a
foetus
,
and
all
things
relating
thereunto
;
and
hath
the
same
qualifications
which
Aristotle
assigneth
to
an
Egge
;
namely
,
that
out
of
part
thereof
an
Animal
ought
to
be
constituted
,
and
that
the
remainder
ought
to
become
the
support
and
sustenance
of
that
Animal
,
when
it
is
now
constituted
.
And
therefore
that
Coat
which
Fabricius
calleth
Allantoides
,
I
either
conceive
to
be
the
Choriou
,
or
that
something
praeter-natural
had
befalne
some
Animal
which
he
had
seen
.
For
certain
it
is
,
that
it
is
onely
to
be
found
in
some
few
Animals
,
and
not
alwaies
in
them
neither
:
for
at
the
Beginning
it
is
not
found
,
&
afterwards
,
in
some
it
is
more
,
and
in
others
less
conspicuous
,
and
in
some
nothing
at
all
is
discernable
,
but
meerly
a
Process
.
And
Fabricius
himself
conceiveth
it
not
usefull
to
the
encompassing
of
the
Infant
,
but
only
to
the
reception
of
the
Urine
.
And
truly
I
believe
,
that
he
maketh
mention
of
it
,
rather
in
justification
of
the
Doctrine
of
the
Antients
,
then
that
himself
found
any
such
thing
,
or
thought
it
usefull
to
any
intent
.
But
(
both
with
the
Antients
,
and
the
whole
School
of
Physitians
)
he
doth
confess
,
that
the
Chorion
doth
contain
Urine
;
where
hee
saith
,
that
two
humours
are
about
the
foetus
,
the
one
being
Sweat
,
which
is
in
the
Amnion
,
the
other
Urine
,
which
is
contained
in
the
Chorion
.
By
which
it
is
manifest
,
that
the
Antients
understood
one
&
the
same
membrane
under
a
double
compellation
;
namely
,
in
cloven-footed
beasts
,
(
in
whom
alone
it
is
found
)
they
called
it
Allantoides
,
by
reason
of
its
figure
:
but
in
other
Animals
,
they
called
it
Chorion
,
from
its
emploiment
,
because
they
conceived
it
was
designed
for
the
entertainment
of
the
Urine
.
And
therefore
they
confess
that
this
Coat
is
neither
found
in
a
Man
,
nor
any
other
Animals
.
For
what
need
of
any
other
Coat
to
entertain
the
Urine
,
when
that
office
,
by
their
own
confession
,
is
already
executed
by
the
Chorion
?
And
indeed
,
there
can
no
probable
reason
be
alledged
why
that
coat
should
be
found
in
Sheep
,
Goats
,
and
other
beasts
which
cleave
the
hoof
,
and
not
also
in
Dogs
,
Cats
,
Mice
,
and
Others
.
For
if
it
were
instituted
for
the
reception
of
the
Urine
,
it
is
necessary
,
that
the
foetus
of
Sheep
,
and
Cowes
,
should
either
abound
with
greater
plenty
of
Urine
then
other
animals
which
have
Teeth
in
both
Jawes
;
or
else
,
that
there
are
three
diverse
kindes
of
humours
;
or
at
least
two
Receptacles
of
the
Urine
.
For
this
I
am
sure
,
that
the
Chorion
is
from
the
first
beginning
full
of
water
.
But
I
do
not
here
intend
to
dispute
controversies
,
I
shall
rather
rehearse
what
I
have
found
by
experience
.
It
is
one
thing
to
exhibit
the
fabrick
of
a
Conception
,
or
Embryo
that
is
now
perfected
,
as
Fabricius
doth
:
but
another
thing
,
to
disclose
the
the
generation
thereof
,
and
first
scheme
and
rudiments
of
all
:
as
it
is
a
diverse
business
to
describe
Apples
,
or
the
ripe
seeds
of
Plants
,
and
their
first
production
from
the
bud
.
We
therefore
will
briefly
relate
,
how
the
Conception
is
framed
by
litle
and
litle
,
even
from
the
beginning
to
the
end
;
that
it
may
thence
more
likely
appear
,
what
we
are
to
conclude
concerning
the
Membranes
,
and
other
Appurtenances
relating
to
the
Foetus
.
All
Living
things
do
derive
their
Original
(
as
we
have
said
)
from
something
,
which
doth
contain
in
it
both
the
matter
,
and
efficient
virtue
and
power
:
which
therefore
is
that
thing
,
both
out
of
which
,
and
by
which
,
whatsoever
is
born
,
doth
deduce
its
beginning
.
And
such
an
Original
or
Rudiment
in
Animals
(
whether
they
proceed
from
other
Animals
which
do
beget
them
,
or
else
are
spontaneous
,
and
the
Issues
of
Putrefaction
)
is
a
certain
humour
,
which
is
concluded
in
some
certain
coat
,
or
shell
;
namely
,
a
similar
body
,
having
life
actually
in
it
,
or
in
potentiâ
:
and
this
,
in
case
it
be
generated
within
an
Animal
,
and
do
there
remain
,
untill
it
have
produced
an
Vnivocal
Animal
,
is
commonly
called
a
Conception
:
but
if
it
be
exposed
without
,
by
being
born
,
or
else
assume
its
beginning
elsewhere
,
it
is
called
either
an
Egg
,
or
a
Worm
.
But
I
conceive
that
both
ought
alike
to
be
called
Primordium
,
the
first
Rudiment
from
which
an
Animal
doth
spring
;
as
Plants
assume
their
nativity
from
the
Seed
:
and
all
these
Primordia
are
of
one
kinde
,
namely
,
Vital
.
And
this
kinde
of
Rudiment
I
finde
in
the
Vterus
of
all
Viviparous
Animals
,
before
any
part
of
the
foetus
appear
;
namely
,
there
is
a
cleare
,
stiffe
,
white
humour
(
like
the
white
of
an
Egge
)
which
is
included
in
a
membrane
,
which
I
call
their
egge
:
and
this
doth
fill
up
all
the
Vterus
,
and
both
the
Horns
thereof
,
in
Hindes
,
Does
,
Sheep
,
and
other
Beasts
which
cleave
the
Hoof.
In
process
of
Time
,
there
is
a
most
pure
,
and
clear
watry
part
distinguished
or
severed
from
the
rest
of
the
Rudiment
,
or
egge
,
which
we
call
the
Colliquamentum
,
or
dissolved
part
in
a
Hen-egge
)
and
this
doth
in
brightness
or
perspicuity
farre
exceed
all
the
rest
of
the
egge
(
in
which
it
is
comprehended
.
The
form
thereof
is
round
,
and
it
is
concluded
in
its
own
proper
membrane
,
which
is
most
thin
and
transparent
,
which
they
call
Amnion
;
as
for
the
rest
of
the
humor
,
which
is
thicker
and
darker
then
this
,
an
exteriour
coat
,
which
is
contiguous
to
the
concave
superficies
of
the
Vterus
,
and
embraceth
the
whole
Egge
,
doth
contain
it
:
which
obtaineth
a
several
figure
,
according
to
the
diversity
of
the
shape
of
the
womb
:
for
in
some
it
is
oval
,
in
other
oblong
,
but
in
Beasts
which
cleave
the
hoof
,
it
resembleth
a
Wallet
.
A
litle
while
after
,
there
doth
appear
in
this
crystal
Colliquamentum
,
Punctum
rubrum
saliens
,
A
Red
leaping
Point
;
from
which
most
slender
strings
of
litle
Veines
are
disseminated
,
like
rayes
or
beames
.
Anon
the
first
concrement
or
substance
of
the
Body
doth
appear
,
like
a
Magot
,
which
is
bent
like
a
Keel
of
a
Ship
:
and
so
the
rest
of
the
Parts
doe
follow
in
their
order
,
as
hath
been
related
in
our
History
.
For
we
have
observed
that
the
Procreation
of
the
foetus
in
Viviparous
Animals
is
instituted
in
the
same
manner
out
of
the
Egg
or
Conception
,
as
the
Chicken
out
of
the
Henn-Egg
.
But
these
Viviparous
conceptions
do
(
as
I
have
noted
)
differ
in
Figure
,
Number
,
and
Connexion
to
the
Vterus
.
For
at
the
beginning
,
the
Conception
(
especially
in
those
that
cleave
the
hoofe
)
doth
not
grow
to
the
Vterus
;
but
being
onely
contiguous
thereunto
,
doth
fill
up
all
its
cavity
,
and
distend
it
,
and
may
be
easily
drawn
out
whole
.
In
such
Creatures
as
cleave
the
hoofe
,
(
which
do
conceive
in
the
Horns
of
the
Womb
)
and
also
in
those
that
are
whole-hoofed
,
there
is
onely
one
of
these
eggs
found
at
a
time
,
and
that
also
extending
it selfe
to
both
the
Hornes
,
and
though
sometimes
they
do
produce
a
single
,
and
sometimes
a
double
foetus
;
and
thereupon
have
sometimes
one
single
Colliquamentum
,
and
sometimes
two
(
namely
,
one
in
the
Right
,
and
another
in
the
Left
Horn
)
yet
are
they
still
concluded
in
that
Common
Egg
or
Conception
.
But
in
other
Animals
,
so
many
foetus
,
so
many
several
Eggs
are
to
be
seen
apart
;
and
as
many
Colliquamentums
in
them
,
as
it
is
in
the
Dog
,
the
Cat
,
the
Mouse
,
and
such
like
Animals
as
have
teeth
in
both
their
Jawes
.
The
Figure
of
the
Conception
in
such
as
cleave
the
hoof
,
is
like
a
Wallet
;
namely
such
,
as
Fabricius
doth
attribute
to
the
Allantoides
.
In
a
Mare
,
the
internal
shape
of
the
womb
resembleth
a
litle
oblong
Sack
;
but
in
a
Woman
,
it
is
Orbicular
.
In
those
Animals
,
whose
conception
doth
cleave
to
their
womb
(
which
,
truly
,
is
not
so
in
many
,
untill
the
foetus
be
fully
formed
)
it
is
distinguished
by
its
Diversity
of
Connexion
:
for
in
some
,
it
doth
stick
onely
in
one
place
,
by
the
mediation
of
a
carnous
substance
,
which
we
call
Placenta
,
the
Uterine
cake
in
women
,
because
it
resembleth
the
round
figure
of
a
Cake
;
but
in
others
,
it
groweth
to
the
Uterus
in
several
places
,
being
fastened
thereunto
by
divers
fleshy
substances
,
or
caruncles
:
namely
,
by
five
,
in
Hindes
,
and
Does
;
by
more
in
Cowes
,
but
they
are
lesser
also
:
but
in
the
race
of
Sheep
,
by
very
many
,
and
those
of
different
magnitude
.
In
Dogs
and
Cats
,
these
Carnous
Bodies
,
do
(
like
a
girdle
)
encompass
every
conception
round
.
A
like
substance
doth
in
Hares
,
and
Moles
,
grow
to
the
sides
of
their
Uterus
:
as
also
the
Uterine
cake
in
a
woman
,
which
embraceth
more
then
one
half
of
the
conception
(
as
the
cups
do
the
Acorns
,
when
they
first
spring
)
and
therefore
the
gibbous
part
thereof
doth
stick
fast
to
the
womb
,
but
the
hollow
part
doth
grow
to
the
Chorion
.
These
things
being
premised
,
we
shall
now
disclose
,
what
our
judgement
is
of
these
Humours
,
membranes
,
fleshy
substance
,
and
also
of
the
distribution
of
the
Vmbilical
vessels
(
which
are
spoken
of
by
Fabricius
.
)
Fabricius
doth
rightly
understand
by
the
words
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
and
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
the
Secundines
,
or
After-Burden
,
humours
,
membranes
,
and
fleshy
substance
,
as
also
of
the
Vmbilical
Vessels
.
But
as
for
what
he
relateth
concerning
the
humours
,
sweat
.
)
Nay
you
may
find
these
humours
,
especially
the
last
,
in
some
barren
,
and
unfruitful
conceptions
(
wherein
there
is
no
tract
of
a
foetus
at
all
.
)
Such
Conceptions
as
these
,
or
Subventaneous
eggs
,
Women
do
sometimes
eject
:
and
Aristotle
saith
De
gen.
an
.
l.
3.
c.
9.
Ibid.
thy
are
called
,
Fluxus
,
Emanations
or
Fluxes
,
but
we
call
them
false
conceptions
,
and
slips
.
Such
an
egge
as
these
,
did
Hippocrates
shake
from
his
aborting
Minstrel
.
For
those
creatures
which
do
breed
an
Animal
within
themselves
,
have
in
some
sort
after
their
first
conception
,
something
like
an
egge
within
them
,
for
a
humour
is
conteined
in
a
thin
membrane
,
just
as
if
you
should
pluck
the
shell
off
of
the
egge
.
But
as
for
that
humour
conteined
in
the
Chorion
,
which
Fabricius
and
other
Physitians
conceive
to
be
the
Urine
,
Aristotle
seemeth
to
apprehend
it
to
be
the
liquour
of
the
Sperme
,
or
Geniture
.
For
,
he
saith
,
Hist.
an
.
l.
7.
c.
7.
The
seed
being
received
by
the
Uterus
,
having
continued
in
it
a
while
,
is
covered
with
a
membrane
.
For
if
it
chance
to
fall
out
,
before
any
dearticulation
,
or
delineation
of
the
parts
do
appear
,
it
looketh
like
an
egge
covered
with
a
membrane
,
when
the
shell
is
pilled
off
.
But
that
membrane
is
full
of
Veins
,
namely
,
the
Chorion
,
which
hath
assumed
its
denomination
a
venarum
choro
,
sive
copia
,
from
the
conflux
or
multitude
of
veins
.
I
have
often
seen
those
kind
of
egges
ejected
in
the
second
,
or
third
moneth
:
they
are
many
times
corrupt
and
rotten
within
,
and
do
steale
out
insensibly
(
like
the
Whites
)
and
so
delude
those
,
who
have
entertained
hopes
of
a
true
conception
.
Again
,
those
fore-mentioned
humours
cannot
be
conceived
to
be
sweat
,
or
Urine
:
because
they
abound
in
such
plenty
at
the
very
beginning
,
that
the
Embryo
swimming
in
the
middest
thereof
,
is
thereby
secured
(
whilest
his
Mother
runneth
,
or
danceth
,
or
doth
imply
her
body
by
any
forcible
agitation
)
from
the
collision
of
the
circumjacent
parts
,
as
it
were
by
a
fortress
.
Add
to
all
this
,
that
many
Animals
never
sweat
at
all
:
(
when
yet
according
to
Aristotle
,
all
Water
,
Land
,
and
Volatile
Animals
,
and
I
shall
put
in
creeping
things
,
and
Insects
also
,
whether
they
be
produced
in
the
shape
of
an
egge
,
or
an
Animal
,
or
else
be
spontaneous
productions
,
are
all
procreated
after
a
like
manner
)
all
fowl
,
creeping
things
,
and
fishes
,
are
conceived
neither
to
Sweat
,
nor
Urine
.
Besides
,
which
is
a
more
evincing
Argument
then
the
rest
,
these
humours
cannot
be
excrementitious
,
because
so
many
litle
filaments
of
Veins
are
disseminated
into
them
:
which
doe
derive
Aliment
from
thence
(
as
from
a
large
stock
)
and
afterwards
conduct
it
unto
the
foetus
.
Againe
,
if
the
humour
conteined
in
the
Chorion
,
be
the
Urine
;
what
need
is
there
of
the
Allantoides
?
and
if
the
humour
conteined
in
the
Amnion
be
the
Sweat
,
why
did
nature
,
who
is
so
exact
in
all
her
contrivances
,
order
the
matter
so
ill
,
as
to
condemn
the
foetus
to
lye
wallowing
in
its
own
Excrement
?
and
why
doth
the
Parent
presently
after
delivery
(
for
that
is
usual
with
several
creatures
)
devour
that
which
is
but
the
Excrement
of
her
foetus
,
together
with
the
membranes
which
contein
it
,
with
so
much
greediness
and
appetite
?
Some
have
observed
,
that
if
the
Animal
do
not
eat
up
these
membranes
and
humours
,
it
will
not
give
down
its
Milk
freely
.
If
,
notwithstanding
all
these
arguments
,
some
men
will
still
maintain
that
these
humours
(
which
we
dispose
to
the
nutriment
of
the
foetus
)
are
excrementitious
;
and
that
upon
this
inducement
,
viz.
because
they
also
improve
according
to
the
growth
of
the
foetus
:
and
that
in
the
birth
of
some
Animals
(
at
which
time
the
whole
stock
of
Aliment
is
in
probability
almost
consumed
)
great
store
of
these
humours
doth
abound
;
and
that
therefore
they
must
needs
performe
other
offices
,
then
can
well
consist
with
the
dignity
of
the
nutriment
.
Yet
for
all
this
,
I
confidently
pronounce
,
that
these
humours
are
the
Aliment
of
the
foetus
from
the
beginning
of
all
;
(
as
the
Colliquamentum
and
the
White
do
serve
the
Chicken
for
the
same
purpose
)
but
in
process
of
time
,
the
thinner
,
and
purer
parts
being
exhausted
,
the
reliques
do
then
put
on
the
nature
of
an
useful
excrement
:
and
are
reserved
in
some
Animals
,
that
so
they
may
secure
the
foetus
and
facilitate
the
delivery
.
For
as
Wine
,
when
the
Spirits
are
exhaled
,
turnes
into
dead-wine
:
and
as
several
Excrements
do
result
from
the
reliques
of
the
Aliment
:
so
in
like
manner
,
when
all
that
substance
,
which
is
commodious
to
the
sustenance
of
the
foetus
,
is
derived
out
of
the
humour
concluded
in
the
Chorion
;
the
remainder
doth
turn
into
a
kind
of
excrement
,
and
is
reserved
for
the
uses
aforesaid
.
But
all
that
humour
which
was
included
in
the
Amnion
,
it
commonly
spent
neer
the
approaching
delivery
;
so
that
it
is
probable
,
that
the
foetus
desireth
to
get
out
by
reason
his
provisions
faile
him
.
Lastly
,
if
at
any
time
there
be
any
other
humour
conteined
in
the
Allantoides
(
as
indeed
there
sometimes
is
)
I
esteem
it
to
be
a
preter-natural
humour
.
For
I
have
seen
when
women
at
their
delivery
have
had
a
mighty
flux
of
water
;
and
sometimes
a
two-fold
water
:
our
Midwives
call
them
the
By-waters
.
And
therefore
some
women
have
a
monstrous
great
belly
,
though
they
are
brought
to
bed
of
a
very
litle
&
lean
Childe
;
but
such
women
do
effund
abundance
of
Waters
.
Some
are
of
opinion
,
that
the
larger
quantity
of
Waters
,
doth
accompany
weakly
,
and
those
female
Children
:
but
the
lesser
,
strong
,
and
male
Children
.
I
have
often
seen
waters
burst
forth
in
the
midst
of
the
going
with
Child
without
Abortion
,
the
Child
remaining
safe
,
and
strong
even
to
the
birth
.
As
therefore
there
are
naturally
but
two
Waters
only
,
(
whereof
the
one
is
conteined
in
the
Chorion
,
and
the
other
in
the
Amnion
)
so
it
may
sometimes
fall
out
,
beside
the
ordinary
course
of
nature
,
that
several
Waters
may
be
accumulated
in
membranes
proper
to
themselves
,
or
else
in
the
reduplications
of
the
Chorion
.
As
for
the
Membranes
or
Coats
of
the
Womb
,
contein
the
Waters
;
and
those
Waters
appear
to
be
two
only
;
it
is
most
certain
that
the
membranes
themselves
are
not
(
necessary
and
usually
)
more
then
two
.
But
as
for
those
who
reckon
three
,
I
conceive
they
were
deluded
,
because
the
Ancients
call
the
self-same
membrane
sometimes
Chorion
,
from
the
conflux
of
Veines
;
and
sometimes
Allantoides
,
from
its
figure
.
Every
conception
is
covered
over
with
these
two
membranes
;
as
also
every
Braine
hath
a
double
Meninx
:
every
Tree
and
Shrub
a
two-fold
Bark
;
every
Seed
and
Fruit
a
two-fold
Covering
:
whereof
the
Exteriour
is
the
harder
,
and
tighter
.
The
more
Interiour
of
the
two
fore-mentioned
membranes
(
conteining
the
Colliquamentum
,
or
purer
humour
)
is
the
thinnest
,
and
is
called
Amnion
,
that
is
,
Amiculum
,
the
litle
covering
,
because
it
covereth
and
involveth
the
foetus
.
The
Exteriour
(
which
is
by
much
the
larger
,
and
stronger
membrane
)
is
called
Chorion
,
because
(
saith
Fabricius
)
many
Veins
,
and
Arteries
are
assembled
in
it
,
tanquam
in
Choro
,
as
in
a
Quire
.
And
hence
the
Coat
of
the
Eye
,
and
likewise
that
contexture
of
Veins
and
Arteries
which
is
found
in
the
Ventricles
of
the
Brain
,
are
both
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
from
the
resemblance
they
have
with
these
veines
in
the
Chorion
.
This
Membrane
Chorion
doth
fill
all
the
Womb
;
conteining
a
stiffe
,
troubled
humour
;
and
to
its
exteriour
part
,
the
Vterine
Cake
or
Caruncles
adhering
,
do
fasten
the
Conception
to
the
Womb.
The
Interiour
part
of
this
Membrane
(
in
a
Woman
)
is
almost
conjoined
to
the
Amnion
,
nor
is
it
easily
separated
from
it
.
In
those
Animals
which
cleave
the
hoofe
it
is
exceeding
large
,
and
conteineth
a
hundred-fold
more
moisture
in
it
,
then
the
Amnion
.
For
the
Amnion
at
the
beginning
,
is
scarce
so
large
as
a
Nutmeg
,
or
fair
Bean
,
and
is
commonly
found
in
one
Horn
of
the
womb
onely
,
namely
in
that
where
the
Foetus
inhabiteth
.
The
Coat
Chorion
is
(
chiefly
in
Women
)
rough
,
and
viscous
without
;
but
within
smooth
,
and
glibbe
,
and
interwoven
with
abundance
of
Veins
.
The
upper
part
of
it
is
(
in
Women
)
thicker
,
and
softer
,
but
the
lower
part
,
thinner
and
more
membranous
.
In
women
the
After-burden
groweth
to
the
upper
part
of
this
membrane
:
But
in
Sheep
,
several
Caruncles
are
fastened
to
several
parts
of
it
.
In
Hinds
,
and
Does
,
the
conception
doth
cling
to
the
Vterus
at
five
places
onely
:
but
in
a
Mare
it
doth
adhere
to
the
Vterus
in
an
infinite
company
of
places
.
And
therefore
Fabricius
saith
,
that
the
Vmbilical
vessels
,
which
he
resembleth
to
a
looser
Parenchyma
or
affusion
of
a
Liver
or
Spleen
;
which
is
therefore
by
Galen
called
Caro
adenosa
,
a
glandulous
Hepar
Vterinum
,
the
Uterine
Liver
;
into
which
the
extremities
of
the
Vmbilical
vessels
are
disseminated
,
which
do
derive
nutriment
from
the
womb
to
the
foetus
.
But
now
,
this
fleshy
Substance
neither
is
in
all
Animals
,
nor
at
all
times
in
those
in
whom
it
is
:
but
in
those
Animals
onely
in
whom
the
conception
doth
firmly
cleave
to
the
womb
,
and
then
onely
,
when
it
is
fastened
to
the
womb
to
bring
down
sustenance
to
the
foetus
.
For
in
the
beginning
,
the
conception
(
like
an
egge
seated
in
the
womb
)
is
contiguous
to
all
the
circum-jacent
parts
of
the
Uterus
,
but
doth
on
no
side
grow
thereunto
;
but
doth
produce
its
foetus
(
as
it
is
in
an
Egge
which
is
sat
upon
by
the
Henne
)
out
of
the
Humours
contained
in
it
:
but
that
adhaesion
and
cleaving
to
the
womb
,
is
then
first
of
all
procured
,
and
also
this
fleshy
body
is
then
first
beginning
to
be
generated
(
which
fleshy
substance
is
the
Tye
of
the
Conception
to
the
womb
)
when
the
foetus
is
now
perfectly
formed
,
and
standing
in
need
of
other
,
and
more
plentifull
supply
of
Aliment
,
doth
dispatch
the
Extremities
of
the
Umbilical
vessels
to
the
Uterus
,
as
Emissaries
or
Agents
,
that
may
from
thence
(
as
the
Roots
to
Plants
)
convey
provisions
.
For
in
the
beginning
,
(
as
we
have
shewed
)
when
the
Punctum
saliens
,
and
the
Blood
doe
onely
appear
,
the
Propagations
of
the
Vmbilical
vessels
are
onely
disseminated
through
the
Colliquamentum
,
and
the
Coat
Amnion
.
But
when
once
the
fabrick
of
the
Body
is
set
up
,
those
Propagations
do
conduct
themselves
farther
,
and
being
grown
more
numerous
,
are
divaricated
in
the
Chorion
also
,
that
so
they
may
transport
sustenance
from
thence
to
the
foetus
,
out
of
the
whitish
humour
which
resideth
there
.
By
which
it
appeareth
,
that
the
foetus
of
Viviparous
Animals
is
at
the
beginning
fed
in
the
same
manner
,
as
the
Chicken
is
sustained
in
the
egge
;
and
doth
for
that
cause
abide
in
the
Vterus
,
that
at
length
(
when
it
hath
no
longer
a
supply
from
its
own
stock
)
it
may
,
by
the
mediation
of
the
caruncles
grow
to
the
Vterus
;
and
be
more
plentifully
supported
,
by
the
contribution
of
its
Parent
.
Wherefore
Fabricius
did
rightly
observe
,
that
the
conception
was
in
some
Animals
scarce
fastened
to
the
Vterus
at
all
.
And
therefore
Sowes
,
and
Mares
,
have
none
of
this
carnous
connexion
;
but
their
egge
or
conception
,
as
it
is
first
of
all
constituted
out
of
the
moisture
or
juices
which
do
flow
in
the
Vterus
,
(
as
the
Egge
in
the
Hen
is
enlarged
by
the
White
,
without
any
tye
to
the
Vterus
)
so
doth
it
also
receive
Augmentation
;
and
the
foetus
also
,
having
Aliment
administred
to
him
from
the
conception
,
(
wherein
he
is
contained
)
is
in
the
same
manner
supported
,
as
the
egge
out
of
the
liquors
.
Whence
a
notable
argument
doth
result
,
that
the
Foetus
of
those
Animals
is
no
more
nourished
by
the
Mothers
blood
,
then
the
Chicken
in
the
egge
:
and
that
the
Humour
comprehended
in
the
Chorion
,
is
neither
Urine
,
nor
any
other
Excrement
,
but
the
Aliment
of
the
Foetus
.
Although
(
as
we
have
observed
before
)
when
the
alible
juice
is
exhausted
,
the
remainder
thereof
doth
degenerate
into
an
Excrement
,
like
to
the
Urine
.
And
this
also
is
evident
,
from
that
which
we
have
formerly
noted
,
concerning
the
Cotyledones
;
namely
,
that
the
fleshy
substance
is
in
those
Animals
of
a
spongy
substance
,
and
doth
(
like
a
Hony-comb
)
consist
of
innumerable
acetabula
,
holes
or
orifices
,
which
are
all
of
them
full
of
a
mucous
white
matter
;
(
which
Galen
also
records
to
be
anciently
observed
)
and
that
thence
the
Extremities
of
the
Vmbilical
vessels
do
suck
Nutriment
,
which
they
transport
to
the
foetus
;
as
the
small
branches
of
the
Mesenterical
veines
do
,
in
those
Animals
which
are
already
born
,
derive
chyle
out
of
the
coats
of
the
Guts
,
through
which
they
are
diffused
.
I
therefore
apprehend
the
imployment
of
the
Vterine
cake
and
the
caruncles
,
to
be
such
as
is
commonly
imputed
to
the
Liver
and
the
Breasts
.
For
the
Liver
doth
adde
a
preparation
to
the
chyle
which
is
attracted
from
the
Guts
,
fitting
the
same
for
the
sustenance
of
the
Body
;
and
likewise
the
Vterine
cake
doth
afresh
concoct
the
alible
nutriment
which
proceedeth
from
the
Parent
,
to
support
the
foetus
.
The
Breasts
also
(
being
composed
of
a
glandulous
substance
)
do
strut
with
milk
;
and
though
they
are
parts
which
(
in
some
Animals
)
do
not
appear
at
all
,
yet
at
the
time
of
pregnation
they
are
seen
to
be
full
,
and
tumorous
:
so
the
Vterine
cake
,
being
a
laxe
or
flaggy
and
fungous
substance
,
both
flow
with
a
whitish
sap
,
and
is
never
found
but
at
the
time
of
Ingravidation
.
The
Liver
,
I
say
,
is
the
nutritive
instrument
of
the
Body
wherein
it
is
;
the
Breasts
of
the
Infant
,
and
the
Placenta
of
the
Embryo
.
And
as
the
mother
doth
by
her
own
food
acquire
more
milke
then
she
hath
use
for
to
sustain
her
flesh
,
and
blood
,
which
milk
is
reconcocted
in
her
breasts
,
and
treasured
up
;
so
also
such
Females
as
are
great
with
young
(
in
whose
womb
this
Placenta
is
)
do
prepare
,
and
suppeditate
to
their
foetus
an
aliment
which
is
defecated
by
those
caruncles
:
by
which
it
cometh
to
pass
,
that
an
impure
or
laudible
diet
is
administred
to
the
Embryo's
,
according
as
the
Parents
diet
it self
is
either
wholsome
or
impure
,
and
according
to
the
sufficient
or
imperfect
concoction
,
which
they
afford
it
in
those
organs
of
the
Vterus
.
For
some
Embryo's
have
a
more
perfect
organ
provided
for
them
,
such
as
is
that
carnous
substance
of
the
Uterus
,
which
is
wanting
in
some
.
In
some
likewise
this
Vterine
cake
is
thicker
,
larger
,
and
fuller
of
Blood
;
but
in
others
it
is
more
spongy
and
paler
:
like
those
two
Sweet-breads
,
or
glandulous
bodies
called
Thymus
,
and
Pancreas
.
For
you
shall
finde
as
much
difference
of
these
in
Animals
,
as
of
the
Breasts
,
or
of
the
Bowels
:
for
to
instance
onely
in
Livers
,
they
are
in
some
ruddy
and
sanguine
;
in
others
,
(
as
in
the
greatest
part
of
Fishes
,
and
likewise
Cachectical
persons
)
pale
.
Mares
do
feed
upon
the
crude
grass
,
and
do
not
chew
the
cud
;
Sowes
swill
themselves
with
any
filth
,
and
both
these
want
a
Vterine
cake
,
which
is
the
organ
of
compleating
the
Aliment
.
And
therefore
true
is
that
of
Fabricius
;
saying
,
This
fleshy
substance
is
,
in
several
kinds
of
Animals
,
different
in
Magnitude
,
Figure
,
Scite
,
and
Number
.
Women
have
one
onely
;
as
Mice
,
Conies
,
Ginny-pigs
,
Bitches
,
Cats
,
and
several
Animals
,
whose
feet
are
distinguished
into
toes
,
and
have
teeth
in
both
jawes
:
but
all
Animals
which
cleave
the
hoof
,
and
have
teeth
in
one
jaw
onely
,
whether
they
be
domesticks
,
as
the
Sheep
,
the
Cow
,
and
the
Goat
;
or
wilde
,
as
the
Hinde
,
the
Doe
,
the
Roe
,
and
the
like
,
have
diverse
.
Again
,
those
Animals
which
have
but
one
,
in
them
it
either
resembleth
a
Cake
(
and
thence
cometh
its
denomination
)
as
in
Women
,
Conies
,
the
Hare
,
and
the
Mole
,
Mice
,
and
Ginney-pigs
:
or
else
it
resembleth
a
zone
or
girdle
,
or
swath
ingirting
the
trunck
of
the
body
,
as
in
Bitches
,
Cats
,
Ferrets
,
and
the
like
.
In
some
it
is
like
a
chalice
,
or
Acorn
cup
,
comprehending
the
greater
part
of
the
foetus
(
as
in
the
Hare
and
the
Cony
:
)
where
the
convexe
part
groweth
to
the
Vterus
,
and
the
concavous
respects
the
foetus
.
Likewise
in
those
females
which
have
but
one
,
and
that
resembling
a
Cake
,
though
the
figure
be
alike
in
them
all
,
yet
the
scituation
is
unlike
.
For
in
a
woman
it
groweth
to
the
bottom
of
the
womb
,
and
is
distant
a
great
way
,
that
is
by
the
length
of
long
vessels
from
the
foetus
:
but
in
Mice
,
Ginny-pigs
,
and
Conies
,
it
is
annexed
partly
to
the
Region
of
the
Loynes
,
partly
to
the
sides
of
the
breast
.
But
those
animals
which
have
more
of
these
carnous
substances
then
one
,
they
are
all
of
them
furnished
with
teeth
in
one
jaw
onely
,
as
Sheep
,
Cowes
,
Hinds
,
Roe-deer
,
and
the
like
,
and
yet
in
these
also
there
is
a
diversity
.
For
Ewes
have
more
caruncles
,
and
those
of
different
magnitude
;
the
biggest
whereof
are
as
large
as
a
Nutmeg
;
the
least
,
as
a
Cich-pease
,
or
Vetch
:
which
are
also
of
a
round
figure
,
and
ruddy
complexion
,
and
their
convex
parts
do
respect
the
Uterus
,
appearing
like
soft
Warts
,
or
Nipples
.
But
Cowes
have
greater
,
flatter
,
and
paler
,
which
are
of
a
spongy
consistence
,
like
Mush-rooms
:
and
these
seem
to
take
their
original
from
the
Chorion
.
Hindes
and
Does
have
five
onely
;
and
those
bred
out
of
the
womb
,
do
protuberate
towards
the
conception
,
and
there
exhibit
their
Cavities
.
But
being
firmly
fastened
to
the
Uterus
,
are
not
easily
separated
from
it
;
except
it
be
when
the
birth
is
drawing
nigh
;
at
which
time
(
like
ripe
fruits
)
they
do
very
easily
forego
their
former
connexion
.
And
being
torn
off
from
the
womb
,
I
have
observed
the
greater
part
of
the
Blood
which
flowes
afterward
,
to
issue
,
not
from
the
Conception
,
but
from
the
Uterus
it self
.
Fabricius
treating
of
the
Union
of
this
Carnous
substance
with
the
Vterus
,
doth
labour
by
many
(
but
weak
)
arguments
to
prove
,
that
the
Vmbilical
vessels
,
do
join
to
the
extremities
of
the
vessels
of
the
Womb
by
several
insertions
:
and
De
form
.
foet
.
pag.
122.
this
he
doth
undertake
,
chiefly
,
to
countenance
the
old
opinion
received
almost
by
all
:
for
he
confesseth
that
he
can
deliver
nothing
certaine
touching
this
matter
,
because
the
Carnous
substance
hinders
a
man
from
discovering
the
truth
thereof
.
But
yet
neither
sense
,
nor
reason
do
evince
,
that
there
are
any
more
Anastomoses
in
the
Vterus
,
then
in
the
Liver
,
between
the
branches
of
the
Gate
,
and
Hollow-vein
;
or
in
the
Breasts
,
between
the
veins
which
convey
blood
,
and
those
that
waft
the
Milk
.
There
is
indeed
,
in
some
places
a
kind
of
contiguity
or
juxtaposition
of
those
vessels
,
and
sometimes
an
insertion
of
the
one
into
the
Coat
of
the
other
;
but
no
where
any
such
coalition
,
or
Vnion
,
as
Fabricius
conceiteth
.
For
were
it
so
,
the
veines
ought
to
be
inserted
into
the
Arteries
:
for
the
vessels
,
which
do
convey
blood
into
the
Vterus
and
Caruncles
are
Arteries
:
but
they
which
transport
it
from
the
Vterus
to
the
Foetus
,
are
Veins
,
as
is
apparent
to
all
men
;
because
they
waft
the
blood
from
the
After-birth
into
the
Hollow-vein
.
Wherefore
the
Opinion
of
Arantius
seems
to
me
to
be
more
true
;
namly
that
the
Orifices
of
the
Umbilical
vessels
are
not
united
to
the
Orifices
of
the
Vessels
of
the
womb
.
For
there
are
fewer
Vessels
conducting
blood
to
the
womb
,
then
veins
returning
it
to
the
foetus
:
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
propagations
of
these
are
terminated
in
the
Chorion
.
And
yet
Fabricius
,
either
overswayed
by
his
respects
to
Antiquity
,
or
his
envy
to
Arantius
,
doth
stubborny
persist
in
the
patronage
of
the
old
opinion
.
As
concerning
the
Cotelydones
,
or
Acetabula
,
De
Acetabulis
.
Fabricius
concludeth
nothing
certain
:
but
only
compileth
the
several
opinions
of
Antiquity
.
But
we
have
before
,
in
the
History
of
Hinds
and
Does
,
shewed
in
what
Animals
these
Acetabula
are
;
where
we
have
withal
signified
,
that
they
are
certain
litle
Cells
of
small
capacity
,
dispersed
through
the
Caruncles
or
fleshy
substance
,
and
fraught
with
a
white
,
or
gellyish
substance
:
as
the
Honey-comb
is
full
of
Honey
.
In
Hinds
,
they
do
fitly
resemble
the
shape
of
that
cavity
in
the
Haunch-bone
which
receiveth
the
Bone
of
the
Thigh
;
and
therefore
they
are
by
the
Greeks
called
Cotyledones
:
and
in
Latine
,
Acetabula
,
because
they
resemble
those
litle
Vessels
or
Sawsers
,
which
were
anciently
brought
to
the
table
with
Vineger
for
sawce
.
These
cavities
do
not
exceed
in
magnitude
the
perforations
of
a
large
sponge
,
and
into
each
of
them
,
so
many
slender
sprigs
of
the
Umbilical
Vessels
do
deeply
insinuate
themselves
;
because
in
them
is
laid
up
the
sustenance
of
the
foetus
,
and
not
blood
(
as
Fabricius
conceived
)
but
a
gelly
resembling
the
thicker
white
of
an
egge
.
Whereby
it
appears
(
as
we
have
formerly
declared
)
that
the
foetus
of
such
as
cleave
the
hoof
(
as
likewise
all
other
)
are
not
susteined
by
the
mothers
blood
.
That
which
Aristotle
delivereth
concerning
the
Hist.
an
.
l.
7.
c.
8.
Acetabula
,
that
they
are
diminished
as
the
Foetus
doth
improve
:
is
contrary
to
experience
;
for
the
larger
the
foetus
,
the
larger
the
caruncles
also
,
and
their
Acetabula
,
or
cavities
,
are
more
capacious
,
and
more
numerous
,
and
more
full
of
an
albugineous
juice
.
If
you
compress
these
caruncles
,
no
blood
at
all
doth
issue
out
;
but
as
water
,
or
honey
doth
distill
out
of
a
squeezed
Sponge
,
or
Honey-comb
.
So
in
like
manner
if
you
press
the
Acetabula
,
an
albugineous
liquor
doth
drop
out
;
and
when
that
liquor
is
pressed
out
,
the
Acetabula
are
more
contract
,
pale
,
and
flaggy
:
and
at
last
do
resemble
the
Nipples
of
the
Breasts
,
or
large
falling
Warts
.
Aristotle
indeed
doth
truly
affirm
,
that
these
Acetabula
are
not
in
all
Animals
;
for
they
are
not
in
Women
,
nor
in
any
else
(
as
far
as
I
know
)
who
have
onely
one
carnous
substance
in
their
Vterus
.
But
as
for
their
office
and
use
:
I
conceive
that
all
the
Caruncles
(
like
Breasts
)
do
not
contein
blood
,
but
digest
a
sap
,
like
to
the
White
of
an
Egge
,
which
they
do
administer
to
nourish
the
foetus
.
The
description
of
the
Vmbilical
Vessels
,
is
The
Veins
,
saith
he
,
passing
from
the
Uterus
towards
the
Foetus
,
are
ever
united
,
and
improved
:
nor
doth
their
conjunction
give
over
,
until
two
large
Trunks
do
result
out
of
them
all
;
which
penetrating
the
Navel
of
the
Infant
,
they
do
constitute
one
onely
large
Trunk
;
which
is
inserted
into
the
Liver
of
the
Infant
,
and
perforated
into
the
Hollow
and
Gate-vein
.
In
like
manner
,
the
Arteries
adjoined
to
these
Veins
,
which
are
very
numerous
,
and
small
,
passing
on
from
the
Womb
to
the
Foetus
,
and
at
last
uniting
their
forces
together
,
and
so
enlarging
,
do
conspire
into
two
large
Trunks
also
;
which
after
they
have
passed
the
Navel
,
do
separate
themselves
and
break
company
from
the
Veins
,
and
sticking
to
the
sides
of
the
Bladder
of
Urine
,
by
the
help
of
an
intervening
Membrane
;
they
do
here
and
there
disperse
themselves
into
the
branches
of
the
great
Artery
descending
into
the
Thighs
.
But
we
must
take
notice
that
this
description
given
by
Fabricius
,
doth
agree
only
to
the
Navel
of
an
Infant
,
and
is
not
common
to
the
foetus
of
every
Animal
at
large
:
Nor
yet
to
an
Infant
neither
,
but
after
it
is
fully
formed
;
for
the
Arteries
(
at
the
beginning
,
)
are
inconspicuous
,
as
being
so
slender
,
that
we
have
need
of
the
quick
sight
of
a
Lynceus
to
discern
them
:
nor
do
they
indeed
reveal
themselves
afterwards
,
but
only
by
their
pulsation
:
for
in
other
things
they
are
no
way
distinguishable
from
Veins
.
Because
therefore
(
as
I
have
shewed
elsewhere
)
the
slender
branches
or
filaments
of
the
Arteries
have
no
pulsation
,
(
at
lest
so
far
as
we
can
discover
)
they
cannot
be
known
from
Veins
:
for
they
are
at
that
time
so
thin
&
subtle
,
that
they
are
woven
to
the
coats
of
the
veins
like
the
finest
threds
:
or
rather
do
obscurly
insinuate
themselves
into
the
tunicles
of
the
veins
:
whereby
they
are
utterly
indiscernable
.
But
all
the
veins
(
by
a
retrograde
production
)
uniting
their
sprigs
at
last
,
do
all
conspire
into
one
Trunk
,
(
as
all
the
branches
into
one
stock
)
as
also
the
Meseraick
Veins
are
all
concluded
in
the
Venae
Portae
.
Neer
the
Embryo
,
they
are
divided
into
two
Trunks
;
but
when
once
they
enter
into
him
,
they
do
constitute
one
onely
Navel
,
which
doth
terminate
in
the
Hollow-vein
,
neer
the
right
deaf-eare
of
the
Heart
;
&
passing
through
the
Liver
,
is
inserted
into
the
Gate-vein
,
and
doth
scatter
no
more
Propagations
,
untill
by
a
very
large
Orifice
it
displayeth
it self
out
of
the
gibbous
part
of
the
liver
.
So
that
if
you
open
the
Trunk
of
the
Hollow-vein
from
the
deaf-ear
of
the
Heart
,
downwards
,
and
so
exhaust
it
of
all
its
blood
,
you
may
perceive
three
Orifices
as
conjoined
together
;
one
whereof
is
the
entrance
into
the
descending
Trunk
of
the
Hollow
vein
,
the
other
is
the
going
out
of
the
Branch
of
the
Liver
disseminated
through
all
its
gibbous
part
;
but
the
third
is
the
Original
of
this
Umbilical
vein
.
Whereby
it
clearly
appeareth
,
that
the
original
of
the
veins
is
not
to
be
sought
for
in
the
Liver
:
because
the
Orifice
of
the
descending
Trunk
of
the
Hollow-vein
is
much
larger
then
the
Liver-branch
;
for
the
Umbilical
branch
is
as
large
as
that
.
But
the
Branches
are
never
said
to
be
the
Original
of
their
Trunk
,
but
rather
where
the
Trunk
is
largest
,
there
are
wee
to
repute
the
Original
of
the
branches
toreside
:
now
that
happeneth
at
the
entrance
of
the
right
ventricle
of
the
Heart
;
and
therefore
that
ventricle
is
to
be
accounted
the
original
,
&
promptuary
of
all
the
veins
.
I
return
now
to
the
Umbilical
vessels
,
which
are
not
divided
after
the
same
maner
in
all
Animals
;
for
there
are
found
in
some
2.
or
more
litle
Branches
in
the
body
of
the
foetus
;
whereof
some
pass
into
the
Liver
,
others
into
the
Vena
Portae
,
or
Meseraical
veins
.
But
in
a
human
foetus
,
the
Trunks
of
the
veins
&
arteries
being
involved
together
,
are
complicated
,
some
3.
or
4.
Fingers
breadth
from
the
Navel
(
as
if
one
should
twist
so
many
wax
candles
together
like
a
cord
)
being
skinned
over
,
and
conglutinated
by
the
help
of
a
thick
&
gellyish
memmembrane
.
This
litle
cord
passing
on
to
the
Chorion
,
is
in
the
flat
part
of
the
After-birth
,
and
interior
superficies
of
the
Chorion
distributed
into
several
Propagations
;
and
thence
is
ramified
into
many
other
almost
infinite
litle
Branches
;
by
which
the
Aliment
attracted
as
it
were
by
so
many
roots
,
is
derived
to
the
foetus
.
The
Veines
relating
to
this
litle
Cord
,
are
distinguished
in
sundry
places
by
litle
knobbs
,
or
warts
,
as
it
were
by
litle
bladders
full
of
blood
,
that
so
the
blood
might
not
rush
in
too
forcibly
upon
the
foetus
.
By
the
number
of
these
protuberations
,
the
superstitious
Midwives
do
spend
their
divination
concerning
the
number
of
children
yet
to
come
;
and
in
case
they
finde
none
of
these
knobs
,
they
pronounce
the
Woman
barren
for
the
future
;
and
likewise
by
the
distance
betweene
these
protuberations
,
they
fondly
prophesie
of
the
space
between
childe
and
childe
;
and
also
of
the
discrimination
of
the
Sex
,
from
the
variety
of
their
complexion
.
Also
the
constitution
of
the
Umbilical
vessels
is
like
to
this
,
in
almost
all
other
foetuses
which
have
but
one
onely
Uterine
cake
;
namely
,
in
Bitches
,
Mice
,
and
others
:
but
the
litle
cord
is
in
them
shorter
,
and
less
complicated
.
But
in
Cows
,
Ews
,
Hindes
,
Does
,
Sowes
,
and
other
Animals
,
whose
foetus
is
not
sustained
by
aliment
derived
from
one
carnous
substance
,
or
cake
,
but
from
diverse
,
the
distribution
of
the
Umbilical
vessels
is
also
diverse
:
For
the
litle
branches
,
or
terminations
of
the
vessels
are
not
disseminated
through
the
cake
onely
,
but
also
(
and
that
chiefly
too
)
without
it
,
through
the
coat
called
Chorion
,
dispatching
their
most
slender
fibers
thither
likewise
:
just
as
the
distribution
of
the
Umbilical
vessels
(
namely
without
the
litle
cord
)
appeareth
in
a
humane
foetus
,
before
the
conception
is
fastened
to
the
Uterus
.
Whereby
it
appeareth
,
that
the
Embryo
doth
not
derive
all
his
Aliment
from
the
cake
;
but
part
thereof
,
and
that
the
chiefest
,
from
the
humor
contained
in
the
Chorion
.
As
touching
the
uses
of
the
Vmbilical
vessels
,
I
do
not
consent
with
Fabricius
:
for
he
is
of
opinion
that
all
the
blood
is
derived
to
the
foetus
from
the
Vterus
by
the
veines
;
and
the
vital
spirits
from
the
mother
by
the
Arteries
.
He
also
denyeth
,
that
any
part
of
the
foetus
in
the
womb
doth
execute
any
publick
function
:
but
affirmeth
,
that
each
particular
part
taketh
care
onely
for
it selfe
,
how
it
may
be
nourished
,
augmented
,
and
preserved
.
And
also
,
because
he
findeth
no
Nerve
amongst
the
Umbilical
Vessels
,
he
concludeth
the
foetus
to
be
void
of
all
Sense
and
Motion
:
Implying
,
that
the
Mothers
Womb
,
or
the
Uterine
Cake
,
is
as
it
were
the
Heart
,
and
Original
from
whence
all
things
spring
to
the
foetus
,
and
from
whence
the
Influent
heat
is
divided
amongst
all
the
parts
.
All
which
are
manifest
mistakes
.
For
the
Humane
Embryc
,
when
he
is
not
yet
four
moneths
standing
in
the
Womb
(
and
some
sooner
)
exerciseth
an
opparent
motion
,
volutation
,
and
calcitration
:
especially
if
he
be
prejudiced
by
extremity
of
cold
or
heat
,
or
any
other
outward
inconvenience
.
Likewise
the
Punctum
saliens
it self
,
(
before
the
Heart
is
erected
)
doth
stirre
by
an
apparent
pulsation
,
and
also
distribute
blood
,
and
spirits
:
and
being
(
as
we
have
observed
)
reduced
to
a
dying
and
langiuishing
condition
by
cold
,
is
by
the
fresh
accession
of
heat
,
kindled
anew
,
and
revived
.
And
also
in
the
Caesarean
birth
,
it
is
very
evident
,
that
the
Embryo's
life
doth
not
immediately
proceed
from
the
Parent
,
nor
the
Spirits
result
from
her
:
for
we
have
often
seen
Infants
,
which
have
been
cut
out
of
their
Mothers
Womb
,
survive
their
Parent
for
several
hours
:
and
have
also
known
a
Cony
and
a
Hare
which
did
live
,
though
they
were
born
by
incision
made
upon
the
Uterus
of
their
Parents
.
Moreover
,
it
is
a
sure
way
to
know
whether
the
Infant
that
sticketh
in
the
birth
be
alive
,
or
not
,
by
the
pulsation
of
the
Vmbilical
Arteries
.
But
most
certain
it
is
,
that
those
Arteries
are
not
moved
by
the
virtue
or
operation
of
the
Mothers
,
but
of
his
own
proper
Heart
:
For
they
keep
a
distinct
time
and
pawze
,
from
the
Mothers
pulse
:
which
is
easily
experimented
,
if
you
lay
one
hand
upon
the
Mothers
wrest
,
and
the
other
on
the
Infants
Navel-string
.
Nay
in
a
Casarean
Section
,
when
the
Embryo's
have
been
yet
involved
in
the
membrane
called
Chorion
,
I
have
oftentimes
found
(
even
when
the
Mother
was
extinct
,
and
stiffe
almost
with
cold
)
the
Vmbilical
Arteries
beating
,
and
the
Foetus
himself
lusty
.
Wherefore
it
is
not
true
,
that
the
Spirits
do
proceed
to
the
foetus
from
the
Mothers
Arteries
:
nor
is
that
more
true
;
namely
,
that
the
Vmbilical
Vessels
of
the
foetus
are
conjoined
by
Anastomosis
,
to
the
Vessels
of
the
Vterus
.
For
the
Foetus
enjoyeth
his
own
proper
life
,
and
is
furnished
with
beating
Arteries
,
which
are
full
of
Blood
,
and
Spirits
long
before
the
conception
(
in
which
he
is
formed
,
and
walloweth
)
doth
cleave
to
the
Vterus
:
just
as
it
is
with
Chicken
in
the
Egge
.
As
for
the
use
of
the
Arteries
in
the
foetus
(
as
also
in
grown
bodies
)
we
have
in
our
Treatise
of
the
Circulation
of
the
blood
,
demonstrated
it
to
be
much
different
from
what
hath
been
formerly
received
:
all
which
is
also
confirmed
from
hence
.
The
Secundines
;
they
also
are
an
undeniable
part
of
the
Conception
,
and
do
depend
upon
the
Foetus
,
assuming
life
and
their
vegetal
faculty
from
him
.
For
as
in
the
Mesentery
,
the
blood
is
derived
to
the
Guts
,
by
the
branches
of
the
Coeliacal
,
and
Mesenterical
Arteries
;
and
that
very
Blood
being
circulated
by
the
Veines
,
doth
convey
the
chyle
together
with
it
unto
the
Liver
,
and
the
Heart
:
so
in
like
manner
,
the
Vmbilical
Arteries
do
derive
blood
to
the
Secundines
,
which
blood
the
Veins
do
reduce
to
the
Foetus
,
together
with
alible
juice
.
And
therefore
those
Arteries
do
not
immediately
proceed
from
the
Heart
as
principal
Vessels
;
but
(
as
instruments
of
inferiour
rank
and
quality
)
do
arise
out
of
the
Crural
branches
.
There
came
forth
a
Book
of
late
,
wrote
by
Adrianus
Spigelius
,
entituled
De
formato
Foetu
,
of
the
formed
foetus
:
wherein
he
treateth
concerning
the
Use
of
the
Umbilical
Arteries
;
and
doth
demonstrate
by
powerful
arguments
,
that
the
Foetus
doth
not
receive
its
Vital
Spirits
by
the
Arteries
from
the
Mother
:
and
hath
fully
answered
those
arguments
which
are
alledged
to
the
contrary
.
But
he
might
also
as
well
have
proved
by
the
same
Arguments
,
that
the
Blood
neither
is
transported
into
the
foetus
from
the
Mothers
Veines
by
the
Propagations
of
the
Umbilical
Veins
:
which
is
cheifly
made
manifest
by
the
examples
drawn
from
the
Hen-egge
,
and
the
Caesarean
Birth
.
For
did
the
Heat
and
Life
flow
to
the
blood
from
the
Mother
;
she
being
extinct
,
the
Infant
would
instantly
dye
also
;
(
for
he
must
needs
be
a
thing
concluded
in
the
same
fatality
)
nay
before
her
:
for
when
death
approacheth
,
the
subordinate
parts
doe
first
languish
,
and
grow
cold
,
before
the
principal
;
and
hereupon
the
Heart
declines
the
last
of
all
.
The
Blood
,
I
say
,
of
the
Foetus
himselfe
,
should
grow
chill
first
,
and
disproportionate
to
its
Office
,
as
being
derived
from
the
Uterus
;
seeing
that
the
Vterus
it self
,
is
deprived
and
destitute
of
all
vital
heat
,
before
the
Heart
.
Of
the
Conception
.
FAbricius
hath
indeed
recounted
many
miraculous
things
,
concerning
the
Birth
,
but
wee
meet
with
more
things
worthy
our
wonder
concerning
the
Conception
.
It
is
indeed
a
dark
,
obscure
business
;
however
we
shall
adventure
to
propose
something
in
a
problematical
way
,
in
such
sort
that
it
shall
appeare
we
doe
not
onely
goe
about
to
subvert
other
mens
opinions
,
but
also
to
disclose
our
owne
.
And
yet
whatsoever
falleth
from
me
concerning
this
subject
,
I
desire
may
not
be
so
taken
,
as
if
I
conceived
them
pronounced
by
an
Oracle
;
but
that
liberty
which
I
freely
allow
all
other
men
,
I
doe
of
right
challenge
to
my self
;
that
so
I
may
offer
those
things
as
true
,
which
seem
probable
in
such
dark
matters
,
until
such
time
as
they
can
be
convinced
of
falsity
or
errour
.
This
imployment
doth
chiefly
relate
to
the
Uterus
,
without
whose
preparations
and
functions
,
you
may
in
vaine
expect
a
Conception
.
And
because
it
is
certaine
,
that
the
Geniture
of
the
Male
doth
not
so
much
as
reach
to
the
cavity
of
the
Uterus
,
much
less
abide
there
for
any
time
;
that
geniture
doth
derive
foecundity
to
the
Uterus
only
by
a
kinde
of
contagion
,
(
not
as
if
it
were
now
tangent
,
and
operating
,
but
because
it
hath
formerly
touched
.
)
The
Woman
or
Female
doth
seem
after
the
spermatical
,
contact
(
in
coition
)
to
be
affected
in
the
same
manner
,
and
to
be
rendered
prolifical
,
by
no
sensible
corporeal
Agent
,
as
the
Iron
touched
by
the
Loadstone
,
is
presently
indowed
with
the
virtue
of
the
Loadstone
,
and
doth
draw
other
iron-bodies
unto
it
.
Namely
,
having
once
received
that
virtue
,
which
we
have
spoken
of
,
it
doth
exercise
the
plastick
generative
power
,
and
procreateth
its
own
like
,
no
otherwise
then
plants
doe
,
which
we
see
are
impowered
with
the
force
of
both
Sexes
.
But
I
cannot
but
wonder
,
where
that
faculty
,
(
when
the
act
of
coition
is
finished
,
before
the
production
of
the
Egge
or
Conception
doth
reside
?
and
to
what
that
active
vertue
of
the
Male
is
imparted
?
namely
,
whether
to
the
Uterus
alone
,
or
to
the
whole
Female
?
or
rather
,
primarily
to
the
Uterus
,
but
secondarily
to
the
Female
?
or
lastly
,
whether
,
as
we
see
with
our
eyes
,
and
think
with
our
braines
,
so
a
female
doth
conceive
with
her
Vterus
?
For
though
the
female
sometimes
(
conceiving
after
coition
)
doth
not
produce
a
Foetus
:
yet
we
know
that
those
Symptomes
did
ensue
,
which
gave
a
cleare
testimony
of
a
conception
set
on
foot
,
(
though
it
came
to
nothing
.
)
Your
litle
Bitches
which
are
kept
too
plentifully
,
and
thereupon
admit
coition
(
without
success
)
are
notwithstanding
observed
to
be
sluggish
about
the
just
time
whereat
they
ought
to
puppy
,
and
bark
as
if
they
were
in
distress
,
and
likewise
filtch
away
the
young
whelps
from
another
Bitch
,
and
lick
them
over
and
cherish
them
,
(
as
tenderly
as
if
they
were
their
own
natural
productions
)
and
fight
eagerly
to
keep
them
from
the
true
Parent
.
Nay
some
of
them
have
milk
,
or
beestings
(
as
they
call
it
)
in
their
teats
;
and
are
obnoxious
to
the
distempers
incident
to
those
that
have
really
puppied
;
just
as
Hennes
will
cluck
in
their
season
,
though
they
have
no
eggs
at
all
to
sit
upon
.
Some
kinde
of
birds
(
as
namely
Pigeons
)
if
they
admit
coition
at
the
wonted
time
,
though
they
lay
no
eggs
at
all
,
or
subventaneous
ones
onely
,
yet
are
possessed
with
their
usual
sedulity
&
providence
of
building
nests
.
For
the
vertue
proceeding
from
the
Male
,
doth
so
largely
fructifie
the
whole
Female
,
that
it
produceth
a
thorough
change
and
alteration
,
as
well
in
the
frame
of
their
minds
,
as
in
the
constitution
of
their
bodies
.
And
though
this
doe
principally
happen
to
the
Vterus
fitted
for
the
impression
;
and
from
thence
the
power
and
efficacy
thereof
be
derived
to
the
whole
body
;
(
as
from
the
turgent
testicles
of
the
Male
,
there
is
an
accession
of
strength
superadded
to
the
whole
body
)
yet
the
same
scruple
remaines
:
namely
,
how
this
power
communicated
to
the
Vterus
it selfe
,
doth
inhere
in
it
?
as
whether
in
the
whole
Vterus
,
or
in
any
one
part
of
it
onely
?
For
there
is
nothing
to
be
found
abiding
therein
after
coition
:
for
the
geniture
of
the
Male
doth
either
suddenly
fall
out
againe
,
or
vanish
away
,
and
the
blood
doth
circulate
againe
from
the
uterus
,
by
the
vessels
.
Besides
,
what
preparation
or
maturity
of
the
Vterus
is
it
,
that
doth
require
the
genitall
seed
;
or
from
whence
doth
it
proceed
?
for
unless
the
uterus
be
prepared
for
coition
,
all
other
attempts
are
frustrate
;
nay
several
animals
doe
not
admit
coition
it self
,
without
they
be
thus
prepared
.
That
maturity
,
I
confess
,
doth
sooner
befall
them
,
by
reason
of
their
converse
with
the
Male
,
and
the
incitements
which
he
useth
to
provoke
them
;
yet
it
is
procured
(
as
that
ripeness
of
fruits
in
plants
)
by
natures
owne
inclination
and
tendency
.
But
what
this
Alteration
is
,
I
shall
now
deliver
,
according
as
I
have
found
it
by
experience
.
First
of
all
the
uterus
appears
thicker
and
more
fleshy
:
and
afterwards
(
forasmuch
as
concerneth
the
interiour
superficies
,
which
is
the
place
where
the
future
conception
is
to
be
received
)
it
groweth
more
tender
,
answering
in
lubricity
and
softness
to
the
internal
ventricles
of
the
Braine
,
as
we
have
even
now
affirmed
concerning
Hindes
,
and
other
creatures
which
cleave
the
hoofe
.
But
in
Bitches
,
Cats
,
and
other
multiparous
Animals
,
whose
feet
are
distinguished
into
toes
,
the
hornes
of
the
Wombe
doe
exactly
resemble
the
litle
smooth
trumpets
of
a
womans
womb
,
or
the
appendixes
of
the
guts
of
Birds
,
or
the
Ureters
in
Men
:
and
in
some
places
have
litle
knobs
which
doe
swell
inward
,
and
become
exceeding
soft
,
through
which
,
after
coition
(
as
we
have
observed
in
Hinds
and
Does
)
as
if
they
did
open
themselves
,
the
first
albugineous
humours
doe
transpire
into
the
capacity
of
the
Uterus
,
out
of
which
humours
the
Conception
or
Egge
is
formed
.
And
this
is
the
manner
how
the
Uterus
is
by
the
Coition
of
the
Male
(
like
Fruit
by
the
Summer
heat
)
impregnated
,
and
heightned
into
the
highest
pitch
of
maturity
.
But
because
there
are
no
manifest
signs
of
Conception
visible
,
before
the
Uterus
doth
begin
to
open
,
and
the
albugineous
liquor
,
or
slender
threads
,
(
like
the
Spiders
web
)
and
the
first
rudiments
of
the
future
Egge
or
Conception
appear
:
and
seeing
the
substance
of
the
Uterus
,
now
ready
for
Conception
,
doth
so
neerly
resemble
the
Constitution
of
the
Braine
:
why
may
we
not
imagine
,
that
both
their
functions
are
also
alike
;
and
that
something
like
,
if
not
the
selfe
same
thing
that
the
phantasme
,
or
appetite
is
to
the
brain
,
is
excited
in
the
Uterus
:
from
which
the
generation
or
procreation
of
the
Egge
doth
succeed
?
for
both
their
functions
are
equally
called
conceptions
,
and
both
are
Immaterial
;
though
they
be
the
principles
of
all
the
actions
of
the
body
:
namely
this
,
of
the
Natural
,
that
of
the
Animal
actions
:
this
the
first
cause
and
principle
of
all
actions
relating
to
the
generation
of
Animals
,
&
that
of
all
actions
tending
to
their
preservation
.
And
as
Appetite
doth
spring
from
the
conception
of
the
braine
,
and
that
conception
from
the
outward
appetible
or
desirable
objects
:
So
also
from
the
Male
(
as
being
the
more
perfect
Animal
)
as
from
the
most
natural
appetible
object
,
the
natural
conception
dotharise
in
the
Uterus
,
as
the
Animal
conception
in
the
Brain
.
And
from
this
Appetite
or
Conception
it
cometh
to
pass
,
that
the
female
doth
produce
an
off-spring
like
the
male
Genitor
.
For
as
we
,
from
the
Conception
of
the
Form
,
or
Idea
,
in
the
Braine
,
do
fashion
a
form
like
to
it
in
our
works
,
so
doth
the
Idea
or
Species
of
the
Genitor
,
residing
in
the
Uterus
,
by
the
help
of
the
formative
facultie
,
beget
a
Foetus
like
the
Genitor
himself
;
namely
by
implanting
that
Immaterial
species
which
it
hath
,
upon
its
Workmanship
.
In
like
manner
as
Art
,
which
is
the
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
or
Species
of
the
future
work
,
doth
produce
a
Like
in
its
operation
,
and
generate
it
in
the
matter
:
As
the
Builder
erects
a
House
,
according
to
his
pre-received
conception
.
And
the
same
thing
happeneth
in
other
productions
,
and
artificial
generations
.
So
that
what
discipline
doth
effect
in
the
Braine
,
namely
Art
,
that
in
proportion
doth
the
Coition
of
the
Male
effect
in
the
Uterus
,
namely
the
plastical
Art
:
whereby
several
foetuses
are
procreated
either
like
or
unlike
,
by
the
same
Coition
.
For
if
the
Generations
,
and
first
artificial
conceptions
(
which
are
onely
imitations
of
the
natural
)
are
thus
produced
by
the
Braine
;
how
much
more
probable
is
it
,
that
the
Exemplars
of
Animal
Generation
and
conception
,
are
in
like
manner
produced
by
the
Uterus
.
And
because
Nature
(
all
whose
works
are
admirable
and
divine
)
doth
institute
such
an
Organ
(
namely
the
Braine
)
by
whose
sensitive
faculty
and
virtue
,
the
conceptions
of
the
rational
soule
doe
exist
;
namely
Desires
,
and
Arts
,
and
the
Principles
and
Causes
of
so
many
several
productions
,
whereof
man
(
by
the
motive
faculty
of
the
Braine
)
is
the
Author
by
Imitation
;
why
shall
we
not
think
,
that
the
same
Nature
,
which
hath
contrived
the
Womb
,
which
is
a
no
lesse
admirable
Organ
then
the
Braine
,
and
hath
framed
it
of
a
like
constitution
to
execute
the
office
of
Conception
,
hath
designed
it
also
to
a
like
function
,
or
at
least
to
one
which
beareth
an
Analogy
with
it
:
and
that
Nature
did
intend
an
Organ
which
is
every
way
like
the
Braine
,
to
an
imployment
,
like
to
that
to
which
the
Braine
is
assigned
?
For
since
a
skilful
Artificer
,
doth
accomplish
his
Workmanship
,
by
his
ingenious
proportioning
one
Instrument
to
one
thing
,
and
the
same
to
the
same
,
and
the
like
to
the
like
:
So
that
by
the
materials
and
shape
of
his
Instruments
,
a
man
may
easily
judge
of
their
use
and
actions
;
no
less
then
Aristotle
hath
instructed
us
,
to
know
the
nature
of
Natural
Bodies
,
by
Analyt
.
l.
2.
c.
35.
their
conformation
,
and
the
Fabrick
of
their
Parts
;
and
the
Art
of
Physiognomy
,
doth
by
lineaments
and
parts
of
the
face
(
as
the
Eye
,
Nose
,
Fore-head
,
&c.
)
give
judgement
of
the
manners
and
dispositions
of
Men
:
What
shall
hinder
us
,
out
of
the
same
fabrick
of
parts
,
to
pass
our
conjecture
that
their
Office
is
also
the
same
?
But
such
is
the
preposterous
success
of
things
,
that
when
we
come
to
debate
customary
and
familiar
things
,
their
frequency
doth
diminish
their
greatness
,
and
admiration
which
is
due
unto
them
;
but
when
matters
of
less
consequence
(
but
such
as
are
more
unusual
)
do
present
themselves
,
wee
instantly
magnifie
them
because
of
their
novelty
and
rarity
.
Whosoever
shall
weigh
with
himself
,
how
the
brain
of
the
Artist
,
or
the
Artist
himself
by
virtue
of
his
brain
,
doth
form
things
which
are
not
present
with
him
,
but
such
as
he
only
hath
formerly
seen
,
so
much
to
the
life
:
and
how
litle
birds
which
immure
themselves
all
winter
long
,
do
exactly
chant
,
and
recall
to
minde
those
Ditties
,
the
next
Spring
,
which
they
had
learned
the
Summer
before
,
though
they
did
never
practise
them
all
the
while
;
and
which
is
yet
more
strange
,
how
a
litle
bird
will
most
artificially
contrive
a
Nest
(
whereof
shee
never
saw
any
platform
before
)
and
that
not
from
her
memory
,
or
any
habit
implanted
in
her
,
but
onely
by
meere
phansie
:
and
how
a
young
Spider
,
without
any
pattern
,
or
brain
,
by
the
help
of
phansie
onely
,
doth
dispose
her
web
;
whosoever
,
I
say
,
doth
diligently
ponder
these
things
,
will
,
I
conceive
,
not
think
it
an
absurd
or
monstrous
matter
,
for
a
woman
to
become
the
efficient
cause
of
Generation
,
being
impregnated
by
the
conception
of
a
generall
,
immateriall
Idea
.
I
know
full
well
,
that
some
scoffing
persons
will
laugh
at
these
conjectures
;
approving
nothing
but
their
owne
private
inventions
.
Yet
this
is
the
wont
of
Philosophers
,
when
they
cannot
clearly
discover
how
things
themselves
are
brought
about
,
to
conceive
some
way
consonant
to
the
course
of
nature
,
and
the
next
borderer
upon
truth
her selfe
,
how
such
matters
may
be
atchieved
.
And
,
indeed
,
all
those
Opinions
(
which
we
now
cry
up
)
were
at
first
meere
figments
,
and
imaginations
;
untill
they
wrought
a
solid
credit
in
us
,
by
sensible
experiment
,
and
were
ratified
by
their
necessary
knowne
causes
.
Aristotle
saith
,
That
Philosophers
are
in
some
sort
lovers
of
Fables
,
because
a
Fable
doth
consist
of
Metaph.
l.
1.
c.
2.
strange
things
.
And
,
indeed
,
those
who
were
first
possessed
with
the
admiration
of
things
,
did
advance
Philosophy
.
And
for
my
owne
particular
,
since
I
plainly
see
that
nothing
at
all
doth
remaine
in
the
Uterus
after
coition
,
whereunto
I
might
ascribe
the
principle
of
generation
;
no
more
then
remaines
in
the
braine
after
sensation
,
and
experience
,
whereunto
the
principle
of
Art
may
be
reduced
;
but
finding
the
constitution
to
be
alike
in
both
,
I
have
invented
this
Fable
.
Let
the
Learned
and
ingenious
stock
of
men
consider
of
it
;
let
the
supercilious
reject
it
:
and
for
the
scoffing
ticklish
generation
,
let
them
laugh
their
swinge
.
Because
,
I
say
,
there
is
no
Sensible
thing
to
be
found
in
the
Uterus
,
after
coition
;
and
yet
there
is
a
necessity
,
that
something
should
be
there
,
which
may
render
the
female
fruitfull
;
and
that
(
in
probability
)
can
be
no
corporeal
essence
;
we
have
no
refuge
left
us
,
but
to
fly
to
meere
Conception
,
and
reception
of
Species
without
any
matter
;
namely
,
to
apprehend
,
that
the
same
thing
is
effected
in
the
womb
,
as
in
the
Braine
:
unless
some
cunning
Philosopher
,
whom
the
Gods
have
better
provided
for
,
can
finde
out
some
efficient
cause
,
which
is
not
concluded
in
our
recapitulation
.
Some
Philosophers
,
even
of
our
owne
time
,
have
furbushed
over
the
old
opinion
concerning
the
Atomes
:
and
doe
therefore
conceive
,
that
this
Contagion
(
as
also
all
other
)
doth
proceed
from
the
most
subtle
effluviums
,
or
emanations
of
the
masculine
seed
,
which
do
easily
transpire
after
the
manner
of
Odours
,
and
so
are
shot
into
the
Uterus
at
the
time
of
coition
.
Some
againe
raise
up
certaine
incorporeal
spirits
,
like
so
many
Agents
,
Angels
,
or
Daemons
.
Others
understand
a
Contagion
,
like
to
a
kinde
of
ferment
,
or
sower
levening
.
Others
phansie
,
and
imagine
otherwise
.
Allow
therefore
,
amongst
others
,
some
place
for
this
conjecture
of
mine
,
untill
there
be
some
certainty
established
in
the
business
.
I
have
observed
many
things
,
which
will
easily
extirpate
the
recited
opinions
of
other
men
:
(
so
that
now
it
is
much
more
obvious
to
say
what
it
is
not
,
then
what
it
is
)
but
those
Observations
relate
not
to
this
place
,
but
must
be
proposed
elsewhere
.
At
the
present
I
shall
say
this
onely
:
If
that
which
we
commonly
call
Contagion
,
as
being
derived
from
the
spermatical
contact
in
coition
,
and
remaining
behinde
in
the
female
,
(
when
the
Geniture
it selfe
is
not
then
in
presence
)
is
the
efficient
and
operatour
of
the
future
procreation
:
if
,
I
say
,
this
Contagion
(
whether
it
be
Atomes
,
or
Odour
,
or
Ferment
,
or
whatsoever
else
)
be
free
from
the
nature
of
a
body
,
it
must
of
necessity
be
an
incorporeal
thing
.
And
if
moreover
,
upon
enquiry
it
do
appear
,
to
be
neither
a
Spirit
,
nor
a
Daemon
,
nor
a
Soul
,
nor
any
part
of
a
Soul
,
nor
yet
something
which
hath
a
Soul
(
as
I
conceive
I
can
demonstrate
by
several
arguments
,
and
experiments
.
)
What
remains
,
since
I
can
imagine
nothing
else
,
nor
no
man
hath
hitherto
dreamed
of
any
other
thing
,
but
freely
to
profess
my self
to
be
at
a
stand
?
But
He
that
doubts
&
admires
,
saith
Aristotle
,
doth
confess
he
doth
not
know
.
Wherefore
,
if
to
avoid
the
stain
of
Ignorance
,
ingenuous
Men
turn
Philosophers
,
it
is
cleare
,
that
they
pursue
Knowledge
,
for
Knowledge
sake
,
and
not
for
any
other
use
.
Wee
ought
not
therefore
to
be
condemned
,
if
being
desirous
of
knowing
things
,
and
upon
that
account
walking
in
untrodden
paths
,
wee
set
before
you
something
,
which
,
at
first
blush
,
may
seem
fabulous
,
and
fictitious
.
For
as
all
things
are
not
to
be
swallowed
with
too
much
credulity
;
so
those
things
which
have
been
exactly
and
long
considered
,
are
not
utterly
to
be
despised
,
though
they
doe
not
appeare
so
rare
to
sharp-witted
men
.
Aristotle
himself
wrote
a
Book
de
Mirabilibus
Metaph
l.
an
.
●
.
Auditis
,
of
Heare-say
Wonders
.
And
in
another
place
hee
saith
,
That
wee
must
not
onely
pay
thankes
to
them
,
to
whose
Opinions
a
man
may
safely
subscribe
;
but
to
those
also
who
have
spoken
but
superficially
to
the
purpose
.
For
even
they
also
are
of
some
use
,
for
they
exercise
our
habits
.
For
had
not
Timotheus
been
,
wee
had
lost
a
great
deale
of
Musicke
:
And
yet
if
Phrynis
had
not
been
,
Timotheus
had
not
been
existent
neither
.
In
like
manner
they
who
have
delivered
any
kinde
of
truth
;
for
wee
have
received
some
Opinions
from
some
Philosophers
,
and
yet
some
others
were
the
occasion
of
these
Philosophers
.
And
therefore
being
moved
by
the
example
and
authority
of
so
Gallant
a
person
as
Aristotle
,
least
I
might
seem
made
up
of
nothing
but
the
subversion
of
other
mens
Doctrines
;
I
have
chosen
rather
to
propose
a
feigned
Opinion
,
then
none
at
all
:
and
have
contented
my self
in
this
place
to
play
the
Phrynis
to
Timotheus
;
viz.
to
shake
off
the
sloth
and
drowziness
of
the
Age
wee
live
in
,
and
to
awaken
the
wits
of
Industrious
heads
,
permitting
rather
that
abler
men
should
sport
themselves
with
my
proposals
,
then
that
any
carefull
Enquirer
into
the
nature
of
Things
should
accuse
mee
of
sluggishness
.
Truth
is
,
a
man
cannot
search
after
a
more
august
Theorem
,
nor
learn
any
thing
of
more
use
,
then
this
;
namely
,
How
all
things
are
produced
by
an
Univocal
Agent
?
or
after
what
manner
the
same
thing
doth
still
generate
the
same
?
and
that
not
onely
in
the
productions
of
Art
,
(
for
so
a
House
erects
a
House
,
one
Face
limnes
another
,
and
one
Image
formeth
another
Image
)
but
in
those
also
which
relate
to
the
Minde
:
as
a
Minde
begets
a
Minde
;
and
one
Opinion
another
Opinion
.
Democritus
his
Atomes
,
and
Eudoxus
his
Chiefest
Good
placed
in
Pleasure
,
did
impregnate
Epicurus
:
Empedocles
his
Foure
Elements
,
Aristotle
:
the
Doctrine
of
antient
Thebes
,
Pythagoras
and
Plato
:
and
Geometrie
,
Euclid
.
Just
in
this
manner
is
the
Son
borne
like
the
Father
;
and
the
Virtues
which
doe
innoble
a
Family
,
and
the
Hereditary
Vices
also
,
are
sometimes
after
many
Generations
transported
to
Posterity
:
some
Diseases
also
produce
their
like
in
other
subjects
;
as
the
Leprosie
,
the
Gout
,
Syphilis
,
or
French-Pox
,
and
so
forth
.
But
what
talke
I
of
Diseases
,
since
Succession
Arist.
hist.
an
.
l.
7.
c.
6.
&
,
de
gen.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
17
l.
7.
c.
11.
hath
at
a
vast
remove
,
repeated
the
very
Moles
,
Warts
,
and
Scarres
,
which
the
Great-grand-sires
formerly
wore
?
The
marke
of
the
Familie
(
saith
Plinie
)
is
repeated
in
the
armes
of
the
Daci
,
every
fourth
Birth
.
That
Minde
,
Opinion
,
and
those
very
Manners
,
which
are
now
out
of
use
,
may
many
yeares
hence
(
when
all
those
are
decryed
,
which
are
now
received
)
returne
againe
.
For
the
Eternall
minde
of
the
Divine
Creatour
;
which
is
imprinted
in
Things
,
doth
create
the
Image
of
it selfe
in
Humane
Conceptions
.
Having
therefore
overcome
some
difficulties
which
relate
to
this
Subject
,
I
have
a
strong
desire
to
discourse
the
Matter
more
closely
:
that
what
I
have
hitherto
delivered
cursorily
,
may
seeme
to
carry
a
fairer
probability
at
least
with
it
,
and
also
to
excite
the
Wits
of
Studious
men
,
to
make
a
deeper
search
into
the
businesse
.
Therefore
(
that
we
may
illustrate
the
thing
the
better
)
let
A
stand
for
the
fruitfull
egge
(
namely
the
matter
of
the
fruitfull
chicken
)
which
is
alterable
and
convertible
into
a
chicken
,
or
is
a
chicken
in
posse
:
and
let
B
stand
for
that
which
fructifieth
the
egge
,
distinguishing
it
from
a
subventaneous
egge
:
namely
,
the
efficient
cause
of
the
chicken
,
or
that
which
doth
alter
the
Egge
,
and
convert
or
terminate
it
into
a
chicken
.
And
C
for
the
chicken
it selfe
,
or
final
cause
,
for
whose
sake
both
the
Egge
,
and
that
which
fructifieth
the
Egge
doe
exist
:
namely
,
the
act
,
or
reason
of
the
chicken
.
Now
we
take
it
for
granted
(
which
Aristotle
doth
demonstrate
)
that
every
first
Mover
or
Alterer
is
together
with
that
thing
which
is
moved
or
altered
by
it
.
Now
those
things
are
most
properly
said
to
be
simul
,
together
,
which
are
generated
at
the
same
time
:
so
that
movens
&
mobile
the
thing
altering
,
and
the
thing
altered
are
actually
together
,
and
in
case
one
of
them
be
,
the
other
must
needs
bee
also
;
for
of
necessity
if
the
effect
be
in
being
,
the
cause
thereof
must
also
be
.
Whensoever
therefore
A
(
namely
the
fruitful
Egge
,
is
actually
in
Being
;
B
likewise
(
namely
the
internal
mover
,
and
efficient
,
or
fructifier
)
is
actually
in
being
also
.
But
whensoever
B
is
actually
existent
,
C
also
,
(
at
least
in
some
sort
)
namely
the
Species
of
the
chicken
,
or
the
form
without
matter
is
existent
.
For
B
is
the
internal
efficient
of
the
chicken
;
that
is
to
say
,
that
thing
which
doth
move
,
or
alter
)
A
,
(
namely
the
Egge
)
into
C
,
namely
the
Reason
of
the
chicken
.
That
therefore
every
moving
thing
,
may
be
together
with
the
thing
that
is
moved
;
and
every
cause
with
the
thing
caused
,
it
is
necessary
that
C
,
should
exist
together
with
B
,
because
the
Final
cause
,
as
well
in
Nature
,
as
Art
,
is
the
first
of
all
the
causes
;
for
it
moveth
,
and
is
it selfe
not
moved
:
But
the
efficient
moveth
,
because
it
is
incited
by
the
finall
cause
.
For
there
is
in
every
efficient
,
in
some
sort
,
ratio
finis
,
the
reason
of
the
End
or
finall
cause
;
by
which
final
cause
,
the
efficient
,
operating
with
providence
,
is
moved
.
Aristotles
Authority
is
clearly
on
our
side
.
de
part
.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
1.
That
seemeth
,
saith
he
,
to
be
chiefest
amongst
Natural
causes
,
which
we
signifie
under
this
notion
,
Cujus
Gratia
,
for
whose
sake
:
For
that
is
the
reason
;
but
the
reason
is
the
first
cause
as
well
in
Natural
,
as
Artificial
effects
.
For
when
the
Physitian
doth
define
Health
,
and
the
Mason
a
House
,
by
either
the
Intellect
,
or
by
Sense
,
he
useth
to
render
the
reasons
and
causes
of
the
thing
which
he
doth
effect
,
and
also
subjoineth
the
reason
why
hee
maketh
it
so
:
though
that
cause
which
is
the
cause
for
whose
sake
,
which
is
the
cause
,
and
reason
of
the
good
and
faire
,
is
rather
conjoined
to
the
works
of
Nature
,
then
of
Art
.
But
the
End
,
saith
he
,
is
the
thing
for
whose
Phys.
l
2.
tract
.
3.
sake
:
as
the
thing
for
whose
sake
we
walk
,
is
Health
.
For
if
you
aske
,
why
a
man
doth
walk
,
we
reply
,
to
continue
his
Health
:
and
having
made
that
answer
,
we
conceive
we
have
rendered
the
cause
thereof
.
And
therefore
whatsoever
is
interposed
,
some
other
thing
moving
thereunto
,
is
done
for
the
Ends
sake
:
as
Extenuation
is
procured
for
Health
sake
,
or
Purgation
,
or
Physick
,
or
any
other
instruments
,
for
all
those
are
for
the
Ends
sake
.
And
a
while
after
.
But
we
ought
alwayes
to
seek
out
the
first
cause
of
every
thing
:
as
in
other
matters
.
As
a
man
buildeth
because
he
is
a
Builder
:
but
he
is
a
Builder
by
reason
of
his
Art
of
building
:
this
therefore
is
the
first
cause
:
and
so
it
is
in
all
things
whatsoever
.
And
hereupon
he
affirmeth
,
that
,
that
cause
which
doth
first
move
,
and
in
which
the
Reason
and
de
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
1.
form
doth
lye
,
is
a
worthier
,
and
more
divine
cause
,
then
the
material
.
In
every
Natural
Generation
of
Animals
therefore
,
both
the
matter
out
of
which
,
and
the
efficient
by
which
(
namely
A
,
the
thing
moved
,
and
B
,
the
thing
moving
)
are
both
for
the
sake
of
the
Animal
already
begotten
,
or
which
is
to
be
begotten
:
because
that
which
moveth
,
and
is
not
moved
it selfe
,
namely
C
,
is
alike
in
them
both
.
For
both
they
(
namely
A
,
&
B
,
)
are
both
movable
,
and
moved
;
namely
the
thing
fructifying
,
which
is
B
,
(
which
doth
both
move
and
is
moved
,
)
and
that
thing
which
is
fructified
,
which
is
A
,
namely
the
Matter
or
Egge
,
which
is
onely
moved
or
altered
.
Wherefore
if
no
moveable
thing
be
actually
moved
,
unlesse
the
thing
moving
be
together
present
with
it
.
Certainly
,
neither
shall
the
Matter
be
moved
,
nor
the
Efficient
move
or
effect
any
thing
,
unlesse
the
first
mover
bee
in
some
sort
present
too
:
viz.
the
form
,
or
species
which
is
without
Matter
,
and
is
the
principal
cause
.
For
the
Efficient
and
Generant
(
according
de
gen.
an
.
l.
2.
c.
4.
to
Aristotle
)
as
they
are
such
,
do
belong
to
that
which
is
effected
,
and
generated
.
And
therefore
it
is
a
syllogisme
framed
out
of
the
first
and
necessary
causes
:
namely
,
-
Whensoever
B
is
actually
existent
,
C
also
is
actually
existent
:
(
namely
,
moving
in
some
sort
)
-
Whensoever
A
is
actually
existent
,
B
is
also
actually
existent
.
-
Therefore
,
whensoever
A
is
actually
existent
,
C
also
is
actually
existent
.
Indeed
Natural
,
and
Artificial
Generation
are
after
one
and
the
same
manner
.
For
both
are
instituted
for
the
sake
of
something
,
and
doe
alike
out
of
a
kinde
of
providence
direct
themselves
to
a
proposed
End
:
for
both
are
first
moved
by
some
conceived
form
,
which
is
immaterial
,
and
is
produced
by
Conception
.
For
the
Braine
is
the
Organ
of
Arist.
de
part
.
an
.
l.
1.
c.
6.
the
Conception
of
the
one
,
(
for
Art
is
the
Reason
of
the
Worke
)
(
devoyd
of
all
Matter
)
in
the
Soule
,
whose
Organ
the
Braine
is
)
but
the
Uterus
,
or
Egge
of
the
Other
.
The
Conception
therefore
of
the
Egge
,
or
Uterus
,
is
(
in
some
sort
)
like
the
Conception
of
the
Braine
it selfe
,
and
both
of
them
doe
alike
partake
of
the
End
.
For
the
Species
,
or
Forme
of
the
Chicken
is
in
the
Uterus
,
or
Egge
,
without
any
matter
at
all
:
as
the
reason
of
the
Work
is
in
the
Artificer
,
and
the
Reason
of
the
House
,
in
the
Brain
of
the
Builder
.
But
because
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
inesse
,
this
word
,
to
bee
in
,
is
perhaps
an
Equivocal
word
,
and
things
may
bee
said
to
bee
Simul
,
together
,
severall
wayes
;
therefore
we
say
,
and
affirme
,
that
the
Species
and
Immateriall
Forme
of
the
future
Chicken
is
Aliquo
modo
,
in
some
sort
,
the
cause
of
the
pregnation
,
and
fecundity
of
the
Uterus
:
because
,
after
coition
,
there
is
no
corporeal
thing
found
therein
.
But
how
this
Immateriall
cause
,
as
the
principle
,
can
be
alike
in
the
Braine
,
and
in
the
Vterus
,
and
how
they
agree
among
themselves
,
or
doe
differ
,
namely
the
Conceptions
of
the
Braine
,
and
of
the
Vterus
,
or
Art
,
and
Nature
;
and
in
what
manner
,
that
which
fructifieth
(
namely
,
the
internal
Efficient
cause
of
the
procreation
of
an
Animall
)
is
in
the
Male
,
and
its
Geniture
;
in
the
Female
and
her
Wombe
;
in
the
Egge
also
,
or
mixt
Workmanship
of
both
;
and
what
the
difference
betweene
them
is
:
hereafter
,
when
wee
shall
treat
Universally
of
the
Generation
of
all
Animals
(
even
of
those
also
,
which
are
generated
by
Metamorphosis
;
namely
,
of
Insects
,
and
Spontaneous
Productions
,
in
whose
Egges
,
or
first
Rudiments
,
there
is
a
plaine
Species
or
Immateriall
forme
,
as
being
the
moving
principle
in
regard
of
those
things
which
are
to
be
produced
,
as
also
in
all
other
Seed
whatsoever
)
and
also
when
we
shall
discourse
of
the
Soule
,
and
its
affections
;
and
also
how
Arts
,
Memory
,
and
Experience
,
are
onely
the
Conceptions
of
the
Brain
,
wee
shall
endeavour
both
largely
,
and
perspicuously
to
explaine
.
FINIS
.
ERRATA
.
PAg.
42.
lin.
36.
read
arising
from
the
Chine
.
p.
46.
l.
30.
r.
doth
,
but
by
Juxtaposition
.
p.
67
,
l.
11.
carried
it
to
.
p.
69.
l.
20.
every
other
.
p.
70.
l.
27.
clocking
.
p.
93.
l.
23.
its
growth
.
p.
105.
l.
11.
is
yet
.
p.
291.
l.
13.
cone
.
p.
292.
l.
5.
for
are
not
,
r.
would
not
be
.
ibid.
l.
12.
after
part
,
r.
made
up
of
those
humours
mixt
together
;
it
is
a
similar
animate
part
.
ibid.
l.
14.
del
.
and.
p.
293.
l.
16.
del
.
it
.
p.
294.
l.
25.
for
pour
out
the
Serum
,
r.
pour
it
out
.
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