Englands
CHRONICLE
:
OR
,
The
Lives
and
Reigns
of
all
the
Kings
and
Queens
,
from
the
time
of
JVLIVS
CAESAR
,
to
the
present
Reign
of
K.
William
&
Qu.
Mary
,
&c.
A
Discription
of
the
Island
of
Britain
,
with
its
Original
Denomination
,
&c.
THE
Island
of
Great
Britain
,
whose
Fame
has
travel'd
with
the
Sun
,
and
reached
the
remotest
Kingdoms
of
the
Earth
,
is
bounded
with
Germany
and
Denmark
on
the
East
,
or
properly
with
the
German
Ocian
,
on
the
West
with
Ireland
,
or
the
Irish
Seas
on
the
North
,
with
the
Ducalidonian
Seas
;
and
on
the
South
,
with
France
and
Normandy
,
scituate
in
the
eighth
Climate
of
the
North
Latitude
,
and
placed
in
relation
to
Longitude
between
the
Parrals
of
fourteen
and
sixteen
,
Containing
in
length
from
Strathy-Head
in
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
to
the
Lizard
point
in
Cornwal
,
Six
Hundred
Twenty
Four
Miles
,
and
in
Breadth
,
from
the
Isle
of
Thannet
in
Kent
,
to
the
Lands
end
in
Cernwal
,
Three
Hundred
and
Forty
Miles
,
though
formerly
its
Limits
were
Fancied
from
the
Orcad●s
,
to
the
〈…〉
Mountain●
As
for
the
time
of
its
being
peopled
,
(
even
the
most
curious
Historians
vary
)
some
hold
it
to
be
inhabited
long
before
the
Flood
,
and
that
being
a
part
of
France
,
it
was
by
the
Rapid
Inundation
of
the
Universe
,
broken
off
from
the
Continent
,
where
now
the
Channel
parts
Dover
from
Calais
;
and
by
that
means
,
being
left
by
the
Flood
,
became
an
Island
:
But
this
I
conceive
only
conjectural
,
without
any
warrantable
Testimony
;
and
is
grounded
upon
the
Pariety
of
the
Soils
,
and
Temprature
of
Air.
Since
that
,
there
are
others
that
will
have
it
possessed
by
one
Albion
a
Gyant
,
who
beat
out
the
Samotheans
,
whose
Gigantick
Race
increased
till
the
time
that
King
Brute
,
Coasting
these
Seas
with
a
powre
of
Trojans
under
his
Command
,
observing
its
spaciousness
and
fertility
,
made
a
Descent
,
and
subdued
it
;
and
of
this
latter
Opinion
,
is
the
so
much
Celebrate
Antiquary
and
Historian
,
Jeffry
of
Monmouth
;
and
from
this
Trojan
Prince
he
would
have
us
believe
,
the
Island
took
its
Name
:
But
those
,
who
have
seriously
enquired
into
the
Date
,
he
proposes
for
the
Landing
of
Brute
,
viz.
In
the
2887
Year
of
the
worlds
Creation
,
find
not
any
Foundation
to
Build
a
belief
,
that
such
a
Man
was
ever
in
these
Parts
;
but
rather
the
Name
was
derived
from
the
word
Prith
or
Brith
,
signifying
Painting
,
and
probably
the
Greeks
,
who
were
then
the
greatest
Navigators
,
Sailing
along
the
Coast
,
and
perceiving
the
painted
People
that
inhabited
it
,
might
,
from
that
signification
,
give
it
a
Name
,
as
indeed
they
did
to
most
Islands
and
Countries
,
that
were
not
Civilized
,
where
ever
they
came
;
or
it
might
be
from
the
word
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Mettals
,
for
its
abounding
with
Mettals
,
as
it
had
done
that
of
Albion
,
from
Albis
Rupibus
,
viz.
White
Rocks
,
that
appear
towards
the
Coast
of
France
.
These
are
the
Conjecturals
,
and
we
might
run
on
in
a
maze
of
uncertainty
,
till
we
tired
the
Reader
;
considering
,
that
,
before
the
Landing
of
the
Romans
,
th●
People
were
uncivilized
,
keeping
no
Writings
or
R●
cords
of
their
Country
or
Actions
,
to
Druids
or
Priests
themselves
being
a
kind
of
Magicians
,
or
such
as
dealt
in
Spells
and
Charms
,
preserving
their
Religious
Rites
and
Ceremonies
in
Hieroglipicks
and
Figures
,
after
the
manner
of
Egypt
,
the
better
to
create
an
Awe
and
Dread
upon
the
more
ignorant
,
and
raise
an
esteem
and
veneration
of
themselves
,
which
otherwise
must
have
much
abated
the
Credit
they
had
gained
:
But
leaving
things
that
are
doubtful
,
and
have
never
been
fully
cleared
by
the
most
curious
and
industrious
Writers
,
we
come
to
what
is
more
warrantable
,
and
for
what
we
have
sure●
grounds
(
laying
aside
the
Story
of
the
Samothes
,
sprung
from
the
〈◊〉
Son
of
Japhat
,
perhaps
as
Fabulous
as
the
rest
)
and
that
is
to
the
Year
of
the
Worlds
Creation
,
3873.
Viz.
Caius
Julius
Caesar
,
by
the
prevailing
Arms
of
the
Roman
Commonwealth
,
having
subdued
Gallia
,
now
France
,
and
a
great
part
of
Germany
,
thirsty
of
new
Glory
,
by
Conquest
,
being
invited
hither
by
Andragius
,
one
of
the
Sons
of
King
Lud
,
upon
a
Quarrel
that
happened
between
him
and
his
Uncle
Cassibelan
.
King
of
the
Trinobantes
,
he
,
from
the
Shoars
of
Gallia
,
viewing
the
Coast
,
and
finding
,
by
Report
and
Scituation
,
that
it
was
fair
and
fruitful
,
in
a
temperate
Climate
;
and
that
its
Conquest
would
highly
redound
to
his
Honour
,
and
the
Advantage
of
the
Roman
People
,
he
setled
,
as
well
as
the
shortness
of
the
time
,
would
permit
the
new
Conquests
,
and
prepared
an
extraord●nery
Fleet
of
Ships
,
and
smaller
Vessels
,
for
the
Transportation
of
his
Army
;
yet
had
he
much
ado
to
mak●
the
Legions
Imberque
,
who
perceiving
the
dreadful
Rocks
on
the
distant
Shore
,
together
with
the
roughness
and
danger
of
the
Sea
,
complained
,
That
after
all
the
Toiles
and
Hardships
they
had
indured
,
he
was
now
about
to
carry
them
into
another
World
;
for
so
they
esteemed
this
great
Island
.
Caesar
,
notwithstanding
the
speed
that
attended
his
Expeditions
,
was
not
so
silent
in
his
Preparation
,
but
the
Britains
had
notice
of
it
from
such
of
the
Gauis
,
as
had
made
their
escapes
in
small
Barques
;
and
upon
his
attempting
to
land
,
he
found
the
Shores
between
Dover
and
Sandwich
covered
with
the
armed
Britains
,
under
Casib●lan
and
other
Kings
,
who
disputed
his
landing
with
great
resolution
and
sury
,
beating
him
twice
from
the
Shore
,
with
the
loss
of
his
Sword
,
and
the
no
small
danger
of
his
Person
,
which
constrained
him
to
put
his
Archers
on
board
small
Vessels
,
whose
Shot
(
to
which
the
Britains
were
not
accustomed
)
made
them
retire
,
whilst
under
that
Favour
he
landed
part
of
his
Legions
,
yet
long
was
it
before
he
could
make
good
his
ground
,
with
the
loss
of
his
huge
Fleet
broken
to
pieces
by
the
fury
of
the
Tempest
,
and
a
great
number
of
his
Men
slain
in
divers
Conflicts
and
Skirmishes
,
for
the
Natives
sighting
partly
in
hook-armed
Waggons
,
or
their
fashion'd
Chariots
of
War
,
and
partly
on
foot
with
Spears
,
small
imboss'd
Shields
,
and
large
Swords
,
being
exceeding
nimble
,
charged
and
retired
in
Parties
as
they
saw
it
convenient
,
and
when
in
any
Battel
they
were
worsted
,
they
betook
themselves
to
fortified
Woods
,
which
served
them
in
the
nature
of
Castles
:
So
that
in
the
end
this
great
Conquerour
,
tired
with
continual
Alarums
,
thought
it
convenient
to
make
a
Peace
with
those
Kings
that
had
opposed
him
,
and
taking
Hostages
,
he
returned
to
France
,
there
to
quiet
some
new
Commotions
that
were
arisen
.
The
People
,
in
the
condition
Casar
found
them
,
were
tall
,
big-bodied
,
strong
,
and
greatly
addicted
to
hardship
,
having
few
Towns
,
unless
such
as
were
the
Capitals
of
their
Kings
,
but
lived
in
fortified
Woods
,
the
Men
being
allowed
as
many
Wives
as
they
could
keep
,
fierce
and
cruel
,
yet
sparing
in
Dyet
,
and
not
much
addicted
to
Labour
,
so
that
the
Ground
lay
mostly
untilled
;
and
when
they
sowed
their
Corn
,
they
only
strewed
it
on
the
Earth
,
and
harrowed
it
over
with
Bushes
,
on
which
they
laid
considerable
weights
;
and
being
carried
away
with
a
notion
of
the
Pythagorians
,
they
forbore
very
much
to
kill
or
destroy
the
Creatures
lest
they
should
unhouse
the
Souls
of
their
Friends
and
nearest
Relations
,
which
they
concluded
at
their
deaths
had
passed
by
Transmigration
into
them
;
so
that
Hares
,
Hens
,
and
Geese
especially
,
were
found
in
such
plenty
,
and
so
same
,
that
it
was
admirable
,
with
great
store
of
delicious
Fruits
,
which
Nature
of
her
own
accord
had
produced
.
The
Trade
of
the
Britains
,
if
any
abroad
,
was
very
inconsiderable
;
for
,
as
Casar
observes
,
their
Boats
were
for
the
most
part
Leather
drawn
over
Wicker
of
Osiers
,
or
such
as
were
fewed
together
with
Thongs
,
so
that
they
durst
not
venture
far
from
the
shore
,
nor
did
they
trouble
themselves
with
any
store
of
Provision
when
they
Sailed
.
The
better
sort
were
clad
,
but
they
mostly
with
Skins
,
which
they
had
not
the
art
to
dress
;
taking
a
〈◊〉
of
pride
in
Nakedness
,
for
as
much
as
being
Young
,
they
Raised
and
S●arrified
their
Skins
into
Carved
Works
,
of
B●rds
,
B●asls
,
Tr●es
,
Flowers
,
Fist
,
Sun●
,
Mcon●
,
S●rs
,
and
the
like
;
it
b●ing
a
Trade
o●
Imployment
,
to
persons
well
versed
in
i●
as
well
as
Pai●ting
or
Carving
at
this
Day
;
and
in
there
Sears
they
suppled
the
Juice
of
Would
or
Wo●d
,
which
not
only
coulo●red
their
Bod●●
,
〈◊〉
sinking
in
where
the
Skin
gave
way
,
left
a
lasting
Stain
that
grew
up
with
them
to
Maturity
,
fortifying
their
Bodys
by
shutting
up
the
〈◊〉
against
heat
or
cold
;
and
though
they
lived
in
a
sind
of
a
state
of
Innocency
,
sequ●stered
from
the
hurry
and
business
of
more
Civiliz'd
Mations
,
yet
being
under
many
Governours
,
they
frequently
Wared
upon
each
other
through
Emulation
;
though
their
Riches
were
inconsid●rable
,
their
Coyn
,
or
what
was
Courant
amongst
them
,
being
only
Brass
or
Irsn
,
Ring●
,
Boxes
,
O●nches
,
at
a
certain
Sieze
or
Weight
,
though
afterward
,
by
the
Example
of
the
Romans
,
they
stamped
Silver
and
Gold
,
with
sundry
Devices
,
Imbos●
Shield
ways
.
They
made
their
Drink
of
Barly
,
boiled
in
Water
,
but
took
little
account
of
Milk
,
and
less
of
their
Cattle
,
taking
great
pride
in
shaving
themselves
all
but
the
upper
Lip
,
which
they
did
in
imitation
of
the
Gauls
,
wearing
Iron
Chains
about
their
Necks
and
Wasts
,
with
Brass
Rings
on
their
Fingers
,
as
Ornaments
;
and
they
had
Women
in
common
,
amongst
Brothers
and
Parents
,
and
the
Issue
was
attributed
to
him
who
first
gathered
her
Virginity
.
As
for
the
Religion
of
the
Antient
Britains
(
if
so
I
may
term
it
,
and
not
rather
a
Diaboliea●
Delusion
)
it
was
Superstitious
and
Barbarous
for
the
Druids
or
Priests
,
whom
they
held
to
be
very
Oracles
,
gave
themselves
up
to
Witchcrasts
and
Inchantments
,
muttering
horrid
Charms
,
pretending
to
raise
Sto●ms
and
Tempests
,
to
call
for
Lightning
and
Thunder
:
Nor
was
their
Idolatry
less
,
for
they
had
Images
,
almost
without
number
,
to
which
they
prayed
,
and
made
Sacrifice
under
certain
Names
and
Figures
,
as
the
Priests
directed
,
not
sparing
to
offer
the
Flesh
of
their
Enemies
taken
in
War
,
and
amongst
them
,
even
Priest-craft
reigned
in
those
days
;
for
Excommunication
was
of
great
Force
,
and
the
Theologie
they
held
,
was
,
that
the
Soul
being
Immortal
,
lost
not
,
nor
lessened
in
its
Existence
by
the
dying
of
the
Body
,
but
passed
in
its
Existence
by
the
dying
of
the
Body
,
but
passed
into
another
,
either
rational
or
irrational
Creature
,
and
their
Pxiests
were
Judges
in
all
Civil
Controversies
.
This
was
the
state
of
the
Britains
,
when
the
Romans
same
first
acquainted
with
the
Island
and
those
of
England
,
so
named
since
that
time
,
from
a
place
in
Denmark
called
Engelon
,
or
from
the
East
Augles
,
were
distinguished
by
their
Cantons
or
Tribes
,
in
the
following
order
and
possession
,
viz.
The
Cantij
possessed
Kent
;
the
Regni
,
S●ssex
and
Surry
;
the
Durotriges
,
Dorset-shire
;
the
Damnoni
,
Devon-shire
and
Cornwal
;
the
Belg●e
,
Somerset-shire
,
Wilt-shire
,
and
Sonthampton-shire
;
the
Atrebati
,
Bark-shire
;
the
Dubuni
,
Oxford-shire
and
Glocester-shire
;
the
Catieuclani
,
Warwick-shire
,
Buckingham-shire
,
and
●edford-shire
;
the
Trinobantes
,
Hartford-shire
,
Essex
,
and
Middl
sex
;
the
Icenij
,
Suffolk
,
Norfolk
,
Cambridge-shire
and
Huntington-shire
,
the
Conitani
,
Lincoln-shire
,
Rutlandsh●re
,
Northampton-shire
,
Leicester-shire
,
D●rby-shire
,
and
Nottingham-shire
;
the
Cornaby
,
Stafford-shire
,
Worcester-shire
,
Cheshire
,
and
Shropshire
.
The
Cantons
of
Wales
had
likewise
their
order
and
division
,
viz.
The
Ordovices
possessed
Flintshire
,
Carnarvan-shire
,
Denby-shire
,
Mountgomery-shire
,
and
Merionoth-shire
;
the
Silures
Hereford-shire
,
Radnor-shire
,
Brecknock
,
Monmouth
,
and
Glamorgan-shire
;
The
Dimet●e
Car●marden-shire
,
Pembrook-shire
,
and
Cardigan-shire
;
the
Ottodini
&
Brigantes
Parisi
were
accounted
separate
from
the
former
,
and
possessed
themselves
of
York-shire
,
Lancashire
,
Durham
,
Richmond
,
County
Westmorland
,
Cumberland
,
North●mberland
;
and
the
latter
,
sometimes
of
March
,
Teifidale
,
Tw●edale
and
Louthian
:
These
Divisions
had
their
respective
Heads
or
Governours
,
to
whom
they
made
Acknowledgment
,
and
payed
some
inconsiderable
Tribute
;
though
most
of
that
kind
fell
to
the
share
of
the
Priests
;
and
indeed
their
Riches
was
but
small
,
for
Cesar
,
when
he
found
he
had
a
considerable
Advantage
over
the
Southren
part
of
this
Island
,
layed
no
greater
Tax
upon
them
,
than
three
hundred
pounds
a
year
,
as
a
Tributary
Acknowledgment
to
Rome
:
We
might
insist
on
the
Tribes
that
were
possessed
of
Scotland
,
and
the
Island
,
belonging
to
Great
Britain
,
but
not
being
much
to
the
purpose
,
it
is
convenient
to
pursue
the
more
materialpart
of
History
.
This
part
of
Great
Britain
,
is
the
most
plentiful
,
abounding
with
all
Things
necessary
for
the
pleasure
and
Support
of
Humane
Life
,
and
was
named
(
as
is
said
)
England
,
from
Englone
,
a
place
in
Denmark
;
or
as
some
will
have
it
,
from
a
People
,
called
East
Angles
,
who
placed
themselves
in
the
Eastern
part
of
it
,
in
the
time
of
the
Saxons
;
which
name
,
neither
the
Danes
nor
Normans
,
in
their
Conquests
,
thought
fit
to
Change
or
Alter
;
so
that
it
contained
it
for
the
space
of
eight
hundred
seventy
three
years
,
when
King
James
united
it
with
Scotland
,
1602.
and
restored
the
Ancient
Name
of
Great
Britain
;
and
such
Reputation
it
all
along
had
,
a●
to
gain
the
fifth
place
in
General
Councils
,
and
was
stiled
(
for
the
abundance
of
Plenty
it
afforded
,
to
Supply
the
Neighbour
Nation
)
the
Store-house
of
the
Western
world
,
for
from
hen●s
,
even
in
early
days
,
the
Romans
were
wont
yearly
to
Lade
eight
hundred
Vessels
with
Corn
,
for
the
supply
of
their
Armies
in
other
Countries
;
so
that
it
has
been
often
taken
for
the
Fortunate
Island
,
mentioned
by
antient
W●iters
,
especially
the
Gr●cians
:
But
above
all
,
it
has
been
the
peculiar
Care
of
Heaven
,
in
that
the
Christian
Faith
was
planted
here
,
in
the
sixty
third
year
of
our
S●viours
Incarnation
;
and
it
is
held
(
not
without
good
ground●
)
that
Jos●ph
of
Aramathca
,
was
sent
hither
by
Philip
,
the
Apostle
of
France
,
and
that
he
was
Buried
at
Gl●ss●nbury
;
and
some
will
have
it
,
and
shew
much
Reason
for
it
,
that
St.
Paul
was
here
,
and
Preached
the
Gospel
:
However
,
this
is
certain
,
It
enjoyed
the
first
Christian
King
,
in
the
person
of
King
Lucius
,
and
gave
birth
to
that
Glorious
Propagator
of
Christianity
,
Constantine
,
the
great
Emperor
of
Rome
:
But
thus
much
for
History
in
General
,
from
whence
we
proceed
to
what
is
more
particular
.
Thus
Fame
,
to
breath
our
Nations
Glory
's
proud
:
Hark!
How
her
Golden
Trumpet
sounds
aloud
!
From
Pole
to
Pole
,
the
Mighty
●las●
is
gone
,
To
fill
all
Nation●
,
circl'd
by
the
〈◊〉
.
An
Historical
Account
of
the
British
Princes
,
that
opposen
the
Romans
,
in
their
attempting
to
Settle
in
th●se
parts
.
THE
Romans
,
under
Casar
,
first
taking
the
Advantage
of
the
Divisions
and
Animosities
,
riegning
amongst
the
petty
Princes
of
the
Britains
,
made
no
other
account
,
but
to
Gain
a
full
Possession
,
with
little
trouble
or
hazard
;
but
found
themselves
mistaken
,
even
in
barbarous
Valour
,
as
they
Termed
it
;
for
so
it
fell
out
,
That
King
Lud
,
who
built
the
W●st-Gate
of
the
City
of
London
;
and
was
the
first
Founder
of
the
City
it self
,
calling
it
Carelud
,
tho'
not
in
extent
,
as
at
present
,
dying
,
and
leaving
two
Son●
,
viz.
Andragius
and
T●mantius
,
their
Uncle
Cassibelane
(
by
the
Fathers
direction
)
took
upon
him
the
Government
,
till
they
should
be
of
Age
,
stiling
himself
Prince
of
the
Trin●bants
,
or
new
Troy
,
as
some
will
have
it
;
being
the
most
powerful
of
all
the
Princes
of
the
Britains
,
and
when
his
Nephews
were
capable
of
Rule
,
he
gave
to
Andragius
Trinovant
,
the
Dukedom
of
Kent
;
and
to
Temantius
the
Dukedom
of
Cornwal
,
reserving
to
himself
the
City
of
Verilum
,
now
St.
Albons
,
and
other
●ependances
:
But
Andragius
being
dissatisfied
with
his
Uncle
,
and
hearing
the
Fame
of
Caesars
great
Actions
,
●mplored
his
Assistance
against
him
;
and
so
far
prevailed
,
that
he
came
over
,
and
Overcame
this
Prince
,
after
a
long
and
obstinate
Resistance
,
wherein
eighty
thousand
were
slain
on
both
sides
,
at
sundry
times
,
and
the
Country
's
Amerced
for
breaking
the
Truce
;
and
when
he
left
the
Island
,
Andragius
,
with
a
great
many
British
Souldiers
,
went
along
with
him
,
to
help
him
in
his
Wars
against
Pompey
the
Great
,
whom
he
Overthrew
in
the
Pharsalian
Fields
.
So
that
,
after
the
death
of
Cassibelan
,
who
expired
at
York
:
Temantius
possessed
both
his
Father's
and
Uncle's
Dominions
;
nor
had
Caesar
only
this
Prince
to
Contend
with
,
but
likewise
Cingitorix
,
Taximagul
,
and
Caravil
,
petty
Kings
of
Kent
;
but
his
Fortune
prevailing
against
them
,
their
Men
slain
,
and
they
routed
;
the
first
was
taken
,
and
the
two
last
fled
:
So
that
the
Roman
Arms
growing
dreadful
to
the
rest
of
the
Princes
,
after
they
had
lent
what
Assistance
they
could
,
and
found
themselves
too
weak
to
Oppose
a
prevailing
Conqueror
,
Senimagues
,
Ancalites
,
Bibroses
,
and
the
rest
of
the
States
of
Icenij
laid
down
their
Arms
,
and
submitted
,
as
did
many
others
:
However
,
C●esar
rather
shewed
the
Romans
this
Island
,
than
subdued
it
,
or
knew
the
Extent
of
it
;
for
neither
by
Arms
,
or
Intelligence
,
could
he
discover
,
whether
it
was
an
Island
,
or
Continent
.
Caesar
,
(
after
having
waded
through
the
World
,
at
a
Sea
of
Blood
,
and
reached
the
very
Pinacle
of
humane
Greatness
)
being
slain
in
the
Senate
House
in
Rome
,
by
the
Conspiracy
of
the
Senators
;
Augustus
Caesar
coming
to
the
Imperial
Throne
,
the
Britains
b●…gan
to
bethink
themselves
of
casting
off
the
Roma●…
Yoke
,
under
Cunobeline
,
who
held
his
Regal
Seat
●…
Malden
in
Essex
,
and
had
been
Kinghted
by
Julius
G●…sar
;
and
indeed
they
went
a
great
way
in
it
;
A●…gustus
prepared
three
times
,
utterly
to
Subdue
him
,
an
his
Dominions
,
but
was
diverted
by
other
Affairs
:
●…
that
in
the
twenty
third
Year
of
this
King's
Reign
,
th●…
PRINCE
of
Peace
,
our
Blessed
Lord
and
Saviour
,
bein●…
Born
,
the
Lyon
lay
down
with
the
Lamb
:
An
Univers●…
Peace
ensued
,
according
as
it
had
been
foretold
b●…
the
Prophets
.
This
was
the
first
of
the
British
King
that
stamped
his
Image
upon
his
Coyn
;
and
Dying
ful●…
of
years
,
he
was
succeeded
by
Guiderius
his
Son
,
wh●…
was
no
less
desirous
than
his
Father
,
to
shake
off
th●…
Roman
Tribute
:
When
he
heard
Augustus
C●…sar
wa●…
Dead
:
and
Caligula
,
who
was
Emperor
in
his
stead●…
being
denied
the
Payment
,
made
great
preparation
against
him
,
but
being
an
Emperor
of
little
Conduct
,
an●…
less
Courage
;
coming
to
the
Belgick
shore
,
he
made
h●…
Souldiers
gather
Shells
in
their
Helmets
,
whilst
th●…
Trumpets
sounded
a
Charge
,
as
to
the
Battle
,
and
●…
returned
in
a
foolish
kind
of
Triumph
,
proud
to
ha●…
taken
the
Spoils
of
the
Ocean
;
but
Claudius
Drusius
,
wh●…
succeeded
him
,
overthrew
Guiderius
,
and
his
Britain
under
the
Conduct
of
his
Deputy
;
and
in
the
Figh●…
the
King
was
slain
by
the
Treachery
of
one
Hamo
,
wh●…
(
pretending
friendship
)
in
a
Disguise
got
near
his
Pe●…
son
;
but
being
pursued
by
Arviragus
,
the
King's
B●…ther
,
to
the
shore
of
the
Sea
,
himself
was
there
di●…patched
,
from
whose
Fall
some
Antiquaries
affir●…
the
Place
took
the
Name
of
Hamo's
Haven
,
now
t●…
Town
of
Southampton
.
The
Father
and
Son
thus
Dead
,
Catacratus
,
a
seco●…
Son
to
Cunobeline
,
assumed
the
Throne
;
when
following
his
Predecessors
,
in
opposing
the
Romans
,
he
was
a
great
and
mortal
Battle
,
overthrown
with
the
loss
almost
all
his
People
;
and
himself
being
taken
Pri●…ner
,
was
carried
to
Rome
,
where
he
was
led
throu●…
●…he
streets
in
a
triumph
of
Derision
,
to
honour
Aulus
●…lautinus
his
Conqueror
;
yet
Togodumnuis
the
third
●…on
of
Cunobeline
,
succeeded
him
,
but
with
as
bad
for●…une
;
for
after
he
had
harazed
their
Camp
,
and
slain
many
of
them
,
in
such
a
manner
,
that
Plautinus
was
obliged
to
send
for
the
Emperor
Dr●…sius
,
who
●…rought
with
him
a
great
Power
,
a
Mortal
Battle
was
●…ought
,
in
which
the
British
King
was
slain
;
yet
Ar●…iragus
,
the
last
of
the
Brothers
,
had
leave
to
Succeed
●…im
;
and
he
,
for
a
while
,
held
a
fair
Correspondency
with
the
Romans
,
but
finding
his
opportunity
fell
off
,
●…nd
joyning
with
some
petty
Neighbours
,
gave
the
●…mperor
such
Apprehensions
of
Danger
,
that
he
●…hought
it
best
for
his
Repose
,
and
the
Securing
the
Roman
Interest
in
this
Island
,
to
give
him
his
Daugher
Genissa
in
Marriage
.
This
Assinity
calmed
Affairs
for
a
time
,
and
the
Britains
having
learned
the
Roman
Customes
,
became
much
civilized
,
forgetting
their
Barbarous
Nature
,
cloathing
themselves
,
and
building
Houses
;
so
that
the
Island
extreamly
Flourished
,
and
●…ested
from
War
,
during
the
Life
of
Arviragus
,
and
was
very
little
troubled
in
the
time
of
Cogid●…nus
:
But
Characticus
,
a
Prince
of
the
Silures
,
growing
powerful
,
by
the
contracted
Forces
of
his
Neighbours
,
drew
into
the
Field
,
and
beat
the
Roman
Souldiers
from
their
Strenghts
,
making
great
Slaughter
of
them
;
yet
in
the
end
,
being
Overthrown
,
he
fled
to
Cart●…smandua
for
shelter
and
protection
;
but
she
,
desirous
to
ingratiate
her self
with
the
Emperor
,
caused
him
,
contrary
to
her
Faith
plighted
,
to
be
delivered
up
to
his
Enemies
,
who
,
the
better
to
keep
their
new
Acquiessitions
in
Peace
,
sont
him
to
Rome
,
where
,
beholding
the
Magnificence
of
that
Luxurant
City
,
he
reproved
the
Roman
Covetousness
and
Ambition
,
saying
,
He
adm●…red
,
that
they
,
being
Master
,
of
such
glor●…ous
T●…mples
,
Structures
,
and
Riches
,
should
neverthe●●ss
crave
after
the
Cottages
,
and
poor
Poss●…ssions
of
the
Britains
:
And
altho'
this
Prince
was
removed
,
another
stood
up
in
his
stead
,
Pr●…sutagus
King
of
the
Icenij
;
yet
finding
himself
in
no
good
Condition
to
Resist
,
h●…
made
Peace
,
and
growing
near
his
end
,
left
Quee●…-Boduo
,
and
his
two
Daughters
,
in
the
Protection
of
the
Emperor
Nero
,
whom
he
had
made
his
Heir
;
but
the
Ladies
being
of
Incomparable
Beauty
,
and
contrary
to
the
Trust
reposed
,
Ravished
;
the
valiant
Queen
called
together
her
Friends
and
Commanders
,
acquainting
them
with
the
Treachery
,
and
desiring
their
assistance
,
telling
them
,
That
the
Romans
were
infeble●…
by
Ease
and
Luxury
;
and
therefore
being
resolutely
so●…
upon
,
they
would
fly
like
a
timorous
Hare
;
and
at
that
word
(
opening
her
Lap
,
she
let
go
a
Hare
,
which
so
the
purpose
she
had
concealed
.
This
so
animated
the
rest
,
that
they
immediatel●…
took
Arms
,
and
falling
upon
the
Romans
,
in
their
to●…
much
Security
,
under
the
Conduct
of
this
Queen
,
pu●…
eighty
thousand
of
them
to
the
Sword
;
but
in
the
en●…
New
Forces
arriving
,
she
was
forced
to
lay
down
her
Arms
,
and
seek
for
Safety
:
And
next
to
he
Venutius
,
King
of
the
Brigantes
Warred
upon
them
but
by
the
Trechery
of
his
Queen
,
the
faithless
Cart●…
mandua
,
he
was
Overthrown
;
so
that
the
Roman
having
pierced
into
Scotland
,
Overthrew
,
in
a
grea●…
Battle
,
Galgacius
,
Prince
of
the
Callidonians
;
an●…
finding
none
to
Oppose
them
,
they
became
absolut●…
Masters
of
the
Famous
Island
of
Great
Britain
:
No●…
was
it
known
,
that
they
discovered
it
,
till
this
time
t●…
be
an
Island
,
which
was
about
one
hundred
thirty
six
years
after
the
Landing
of
Caesar
,
when
,
in
a
far
less●…
time
they
Subdued
all
France
,
Germany
,
and
othe●…
Countrys
insinitely
larger
,
by
which
we
may
perceive
,
The
Early
Valour
of
the
British
Race
,
Who
boldly
durst
the
worlds
prou'd
Conquerors
Face
,
And
put
even
Rome
her self
to
soul
disgrace
.
An
Historical
Account
of
the
Roman
Emperors
,
who
were
personal
in
this
Island
,
or
Ruled
by
their
Lieutenants
.
CAius
Julius
Caesar
(
as
you
have
heard
)
was
the
first
Roman
that
set
footing
in
this
Island
,
landing
in
the
Year
of
the
worlds
Creation
,
3873.
But
he
did
little
more
than
show
it
the
Romans
,
laying
a
small
Tribute
of
300
pounds
upon
it
,
not
having
passed
with
Armed
Forces
(
as
many
hold
)
beyond
St.
Albans
,
then
call'd
Verillum
,
finding
by
the
great
Resistance
he
experienced
,
he
had
to
deal
with
a
stubborn
People
,
over
which
he
had
no
other
advantage
;
but
being
better
Armed
,
and
somwhat
more
expert
in
the
Trains
of
War
;
yet
,
after
three
Expeditions
,
he
came
no
more
;
but
proceeded
to
put
the
project
,
of
gaining
the
Soveraignty
of
the
World
,
in
practice
,
wherein
he
was
Successful
,
after
the
Fatal
Battles
of
Pharsalia
,
Philipi
,
and
Munda
;
yet
his
Aspiring
cost
him
his
Life
,
as
has
been
Related
.
Octavian
Augustus
Caesar
,
succeeded
Julius
,
after
many
Troubles
,
and
much
difficulty
,
but
came
not
into
this
Island
,
though
he
thrice
intended
it
;
and
in
this
Golden
Reign
,
the
SAVIOUR
of
the
World
was
Born
:
To
this
Great
Emperor
Succeeded
Tiberius
;
in
the
eighteenth
year
of
whose
Reign
,
The
LORD
of
LIFE
was
put
to
Death
,
to
Rise
more
G●orious
,
and
Triumph
over
Death
and
Hell
,
and
the
prodigious
Defects
in
Nature
,
that
attended
his
Passion
;
being
ob●erved
by
Dionisus
Areopagita
,
as
the
Ecclipse
of
the
Sun
and
Moon
,
&c
,
He
cryed
out
,
that
The
God
of
Nature
suffered
,
or
the
Frame
of
the
world
was
about
to
be
dissolved
:
To
this
Emperor
,
Caligula
Succeeded
;
but
the
most
memorable
Act
he
did
,
was
,
the
Banishing
Pontius
Pilate
,
who
,
thereupon
,
grew
desperate
,
&
Slew
himself
:
Then
came
Claudius
Drusius
,
under
whom
,
Aulus
Plautinius
was
Deputy
in
Britain
,
who
was
put
so
hard
to
i●
,
that
the
Emperor
was
obliged
to
come
over
;
and
,
by
the
Marriage
of
his
Daughter
,
put
an
end
to
the
Troubles
Nero
succeeded
him
in
the
Imperial
Throne
,
whose
wickednesses
are
too
many
to
be
related
in
this
place
:
Amongst
other
things
,
he
Crucified
St.
Peter
,
and
caused
St.
Paul
to
be
Beheaded
,
Burnt
the
City
of
Rome
,
Killed
his
Wife
,
Ripped
up
his
Mother
,
and
Persecuted
the
Christians
with
new
invented
Torments
;
he
did
great
Injuries
to
the
Britains
,
by
his
Lieutenants
,
for
which
Queen
Boduo
slew
Eighty
Thousand
of
his
Romans
.
Sergius
Galba
began
his
Reign
Anno
Dom.
70.
But
being
a
Cruel
and
Desolute
Prince
,
he
was
Killed
by
his
Souldiers
,
after
he
had
continued
seven
Months
in
the
Throne
;
So
that
Maximus
being
then
Deputy
,
the
Britains
felt
not
the
Effects
of
his
Anger
;
and
thus
,
Rome
wanting
a
Head
,
Marcus
Sylvius
Otho
entred
upon
the
Stage
,
yet
Reigned
but
three
Months
and
five
Days
,
before
he
made
way
for
Aulus
Vitellus
,
who
,
after
eight
Months
Reign
,
was
Killed
by
the
Souldiers
,
and
Elavius
Vespatian
,
made
Emperor
in
his
stead
:
So
that
,
in
these
short
Revolutions
,
the
Britains
had
Peace
;
yet
,
in
this
last
Reign
,
the
Brigantes
and
Silures
,
were
up
in
Arms
,
but
Julius
Frontius
over-powered
them
.
Petilius
being
Deputy
,
the
Famous
City
of
Jerusalem
,
after
an
obstinate
and
bloody
Siege
,
was
Taken
by
the
Romans
,
under
the
L●ading
of
Titus
Vespatian
,
who
succeeded
his
Father
in
the
Empire
,
after
he
had
Reigned
about
nine
Years
:
and
Reigned
two
years
,
and
three
months
;
yet
we
find
not
that
he
had
any
War
with
the
Britains
,
but
left
the
Empire
to
Domitian
,
his
Brother
,
who
raised
a
Persacution
against
the
Christians
,
by
the
Example
of
Nero
:
Insomuch
,
that
Christianity
then
beginning
to
Flourish
in
this
Island
,
many
were
cut
off
,
for
the
Testimony
they
bore
to
their
Lord
and
Master
:
And
Julius
Agricola
,
being
Deputy
,
he
,
upon
the
Revolt
of
the
Britains
,
gave
them
●…
and
in
a
fearful
Overthrow
,
slew
Ten
Thousand
of
them
,
with
the
Loss
of
Three
Bundred
and
Forty
of
his
own
Men
;
and
this
is
he
that
first
discovered
this
Country
to
be
an
Island
,
and
Domitian
,
after
about
fifteen
years
Reign
,
dying
,
Coc●eius
Nerva
came
to
the
Throne
of
Empire
,
being
a
very
Charitable
Prince
;
but
after
ten
Months
he
gave
place
to
Trajan
,
who
raised
the
Third
Persecution
,
and
Overthrew
the
Revolting
Britains
,
by
Spartia●us
his
Lieutenant
:
Leaving
the
Stage
of
Honour
,
after
Twenty
One
Years
Six
Months
,
when
Adrianus
was
Proclaimed
Emperor
;
and
although
he
had
no
War
with
the
Britains
,
he
nevertheless
raised
a
Persecution
against
the
Christians
,
and
made
the
Church
of
Christ
weep
Tears
of
Blood
in
all
Lands
,
whither
his
Power
extended
;
yet
he
Reigned
twenty
two
years
:
But
at
length
Antonius
Pius
,
who
Succeeded
him
,
restrained
,
&
re-called
his
Cruel
Edicts
;
yet
in
his
time
the
Britains
(
rising
in
Arms
)
were
Overthrown
by
Lollius
Urbicus
:
Marcus
Aurelius
taking
next
upon
him
the
Administration
of
the
Imperial
Power
,
revived
the
Persecution
,
but
had
no
War
with
the
Britains
;
and
giving
place
,
after
nineteen
years
Reign
,
Commodius
took
upon
him
the
Sway
of
the
Empire
;
and
now
the
Almighty
smiling
upon
this
Land
(
with
the
brightest
Rays
of
Divine
Love
)
raised
up
a
Christian
King
,
and
the
first
that
the
World
had
seen
,
viz.
King
Lucius
,
Son
to
King
Ceilus
,
and
Great
Grand
Child
to
Arviragius
,
who
Married
the
Emperor
Drusius's
Daughter
;
and
he
being
more
mindful
of
Religion
,
(
that
dearest
part
of
Government
)
than
of
any
other
Consideration
,
the
better
to
Establish
the
Work
,
so
prosperously
begun
,
sent
two
Learned
Men
to
Elutherus
,
then
Bishop
of
Rome
,
to
be
further
Instructed
in
the
FAITH
;
who
thereupon
sent
him
Fagarius
and
Damianus
,
with
his
Letter
,
in
the
following
words
:
You
have
received
,
in
the
Kingdom
of
Britain
,
by
GOD's
Mercy
,
both
the
Law
and
Faith
of
Christ
;
you
have
both
the
Old
and
New
Testament
,
out
of
the
same
(
through
God's
Grace
)
by
the
Advice
of
your
Realm
take
a
Law
;
and
by
the
same
,
through
God's
Sufferance
Rule
your
Kingdom
of
Britain
;
for
in
that
Kingdom
you
are
God's
Vicar
.
This
I
have
mentioned
,
to
shew
,
The
honesty
and
plainness
of
the
Bishops
of
Rome
,
before
they
came
to
be
Debauched
,
and
Corrupted
with
Pride
and
Avarice
:
And
this
good
King
so
far
improved
the
Advice
,
that
he
immediately
Changed
the
Seats
of
the
three
Arch
-
Flamens
,
and
twenty-eight
Flamens
,
into
so
many
Archiepiscopal
,
and
Episcopal
Sees
,
appointing
for
the
first
three
,
London
,
York
,
and
Gloucester
;
and
thereupon
the
Christian
Religion
,
in
spite
of
the
Oppressors
,
grew
up
like
a
stately
Cedar
,
and
overspread
the
Land
.
Helvius
Pertinax
,
the
next
Emperor
,
did
nothing
of
note
,
having
but
a
short
Reign
,
not
exceeding
eight
Months
;
and
was
Succeeded
by
Didius
Julianus
who
continued
not
above
two
Months
;
neither
o●
them
having
any
War
with
the
Britains
:
Yet
in
the
Reign
of
Septimus
Severius
,
the
Calledonians
were
up
in
Arms
,
and
Heraclionus
his
Deputy
,
not
being
able
to
Quell
them
,
the
Emperor
came
over
in
Person
,
yet
could
not
Effect
it
,
by
reason
of
the
Fortresses
and
Marshes
,
where
they
usually
Fortified
themselves
,
with
less
than
the
Loss
of
fifty
thousand
o●
his
men
;
and
the
better
to
Bridle
them
,
he
caused
a
mighty
Wall
,
with
Towrs
,
to
be
run
from
Shor●
to
Shore
;
but
being
come
over
a
second
time
,
(
upon
new
Commotions
)
he
fell
Sick
,
and
dyed
at
York
and
in
his
Reign
,
the
fifth
Persecution
was
raised
against
the
Christians
.
Bassianus
Caracala
Reigne●
after
him
six
years
,
and
being
made
Co-Emperor
with
his
Brother
Geta
,
he
slew
him
;
yet
the
Britains
wer●
not
molested
,
during
his
Reign
;
and
then
he
gave
place
to
Opilius
Maerinus
,
who
reigned
about
one
year
two
months
;
and
was
Succeeded
by
Heliogabilus
a
Lude
,
Debauched
,
and
Luxurious
Emperor
,
wh●
had
been
formerly
Priest
to
the
Son
,
yet
he
held
the
imperial
Seat
four
years
,
and
then
gave
Place
to
Alexander
Severus
,
who
gave
Liberty
to
the
Christi●ns
,
to
live
peaceably
and
quiet
,
without
oppression
or
persecution
;
but
when
he
had
reigned
six
months
●nd
seven
days
,
he
was
killed
by
the
Mutiny
of
the
Almain
Souldiers
,
and
made
way
for
Maximinus
,
who
●aised
the
sixth
Persecution
;
yet
in
his
time
the
Bri●ains
were
in
Peace
,
but
three
Years
put
a
period
to
his
Reign
,
and
Julius
Varius
Maximus
mounted
the
Throne
;
but
he
soon
after
was
slain
by
the
Souldiers
.
And
Gordianus
,
who
succeeded
him
,
Reigned
but
forty
days
:
For
now
the
Petorian
Souldiers
began
to
commit
all
manner
of
Disorders
,
setting
the
Empire
to
Sale
,
raising
any
one
to
it
for
Money
;
and
then
,
either
Killing
or
Deposing
them
,
made
room
for
more
Gain
;
and
instead
of
One
,
they
sometimes
set
up
Two
in
Co-partnership
,
as
Claudius
Puppienus
,
and
Celius
Balbinus
,
who
Reigned
only
a
Year
,
then
Antonius
Gordianus
Reigned
;
and
after
him
,
Julius
Philippus
;
the
one
Reigning
Four
,
and
the
other
Five
Years
:
Which
short
continuance
,
and
the
Care
they
had
to
Secure
themselves
,
made
them
little
mind
what
was
done
abroad
;
and
Lieutenants
of
Provinces
perceiving
things
go
thus
unfortunately
,
did
not
so
much
trouble
themselves
,
in
Gathering
the
publick
Taxes
,
as
to
ingratiate
in
the
Peoples
Favour
,
and
enrich
themselves
by
Presents
and
Offerings
,
which
were
daily
made
them
,
without
runing
the
hazard
of
forcing
them
to
Rebel
.
And
now
Decius
coming
to
the
Imperial
Seat
,
stirred
up
by
the
Enemies
of
the
Church
of
Christ
,
he
raised
the
seventh
Persecution
;
but
his
Fury
continued
not
,
for
he
reigned
but
two
years
,
e're
he
gave
way
to
Trebonianus
and
Vo●usianius
,
who
stayed
the
Persecution
,
and
had
Peace
with
the
Britains
:
But
in
two
years
they
gave
way
to
Aelmelianus
,
who
reigned
not
above
two
months
;
and
though
Valerianus
,
that
succeeded
him
,
held
not
the
Dignity
above
a
year
,
yet
being
of
a
Cruel
Temper
,
he
gave
vent
to
his
Anger
on
the
Christians
,
wh●…
now
,
in
all
places
,
began
to
Multiply
;
so
that
agai●…
the
Church
was
forced
to
wear
the
bloody
Scars
of
eight
Persecution
;
and
under
him
St.
Laurence
,
an●…
St.
Cyprian
suffered
Martyrdom
.
Thus
went
on
the
course
of
things
,
in
these
earl●…
times
;
and
as
the
Wealth
of
Britain
increased
,
so
th●…
Romans
raised
their
Taxes
to
a
higher
pitch
;
yet
th●…
people
,
by
this
time
,
being
better
used
to
their
Guest
and
interchanged
Marriages
amongst
them
,
the
were
not
easily
to
be
drawn
into
Insurrections
,
especially
when
they
considered
,
they
(
by
the
Arts
an●…
Manufacture
the
Romans
taught
)
were
greatly
improved
.
And
now
came
Galienus
to
the
Imperial
Seat
,
who
notwithstanding
his
fifteen
years
Reign
,
had
no
Wa●…
with
the
Britains
;
and
though
Flavius
Claudius
wa●…
a
great
hater
of
Christians
,
and
studied
for
Torment
to
destroy
them
,
yet
he
liv'd
not
to
effect
it
;
but
having
reigned
two
years
without
molesting
this
Kingdom
,
he
gave
place
to
Quintilius
,
who
,
rather
desirous
of
Death
than
Rule
,
(
as
it
appeared
by
the
consequence
)
opened
his
own
Veins
and
Dyed
,
withou●…
one
way
other
troubling
the
Britains
.
Aurelianus
succeeded
Quintilius
,
and
reigned
five
years
,
without
concerning
himself
with
the
Affair
of
this
Island
;
yet
he
put
out
severe
Educts
against
the
Christians
:
so
that
we
may
reckon
under
him
the
ninth
Persecution
.
Tacitus
succeeded
him
;
yet
reigned
but
six
Months
,
e're
he
gave
place
to
Florianus
and
he
having
a
shorter
Reign
,
was
succeeded
by
●…robus
,
who
held
the
Imperial
Seat
five
years
:
These
●…ad
no
War
with
the
Britains
;
but
Marcus
Aurelius
Carus
,
hearing
they
were
in
Arms
to
Recover
their
●…
Liberty
,
sent
Carantius
his
Lieutenant
,
to
Quiet
them
,
but
he
joyned
with
them
;
so
that
the
Tribute
was
denied
,
during
this
Emperors
Reign
:
However
,
Carancius
was
slain
by
Alectus
,
a
succeeding
Lieute●…ant
.
Dioclesian
coming
to
the
Throne
,
greatly
Persecuted
the
Christians
;
but
God
(
considering
●he
Distress
of
His
People
)
put
an
end
to
his
Reign
,
●fter
three
Years
;
and
so
gave
Rest
to
his
Church
.
This
Emperor
made
great
Wars
in
this
Island
,
by
his
Lieutenant
,
but
with
various
success
;
and
was
succeeded
by
Constantius
Clorus
,
who
continued
the
War
,
and
came
in
Person
against
the
Calledonians
and
●ists
:
And
it
was
this
Emperor
,
that
,
finding
King
Coilus
(
his
Trusty
Friend
)
dead
,
upon
his
Arrival
Married
Helena
,
his
beautiful
Daughter
;
and
reigning
about
thirteen
Years
,
dyed
at
York
,
leaving
his
Son
Constantine
the
Great
,
to
Succeed
him
;
but
he
being
in
his
Non-Age
,
the
Throne
was
Usurped
Alternately
by
Constantius
Galerus
,
Maximus
Severus
,
Ma●entius
Lucinus
,
and
Martinianus
;
But
at
length
these
were
Overcome
by
the
good
Fortune
of
Constantine
the
Great
,
a
Britain
by
Birth
,
and
half
so
by
Parentage
;
he
Alotted
part
of
his
Empire
to
his
Sons
,
and
was
the
first
Christian
Emperor
the
world
beheld
.
Some
hold
,
That
being
about
to
Persecute
the
Christians
,
he
was
smitten
with
a
Leprosie
,
and
had
it
Revealed
to
him
in
a
Vision
,
That
unless
he
called
home
Bishop
Sylvester
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Banished
Clergy
,
he
might
dispair
of
Cure
;
which
accordingly
●e
did
,
and
found
himself
in
perfect
Health
,
which
obliged
him
to
embrace
the
True
Religion
:
Others
hold
,
That
being
about
to
give
Battle
,
and
doubting
the
Success
,
he
,
all
on
a
sudden
,
beheld
,
in
the
Air
,
a
bright
shining
Cross
,
with
this
Motto
,
In
boc
vinces
,
In
this
thou
shalt
overcome
:
And
taking
thereupon
the
Cross
for
his
device
,
he
,
accordingly
became
Victorious
;
but
however
it
happened
,
no
doubt
,
God
(
in
Compassion
to
His
bleeding
Church
,
which
had
undergone
ten
Cruel
Persecutions
)
raised
up
this
Emperor
to
Heal
her
Wounds
;
and
indeed
,
being
Baptized
,
and
Received
into
the
Church
,
he
lest
nothing
undone
that
might
tend
to
her
Welfare
,
and
the
Propagation
of
the
True
Religion
.
Some
Wars
he
had
with
the
Britains
,
but
they
not
considerable
,
when
after
a
long
Reign
,
he
dyed
●…
Peace
.
Julian
,
called
the
Apostate
,
succeeded
this
goo●
Emperor
,
begining
his
Reign
Anno
Dom.
356.
Th●
man
,
before
he
came
to
the
Throne
,
professed
Christianity
,
and
seemed
Zealous
to
promote
it
,
being
person
of
great
Cunning
,
and
much
Learning
;
bu●
with
the
Change
of
his
Condition
,
his
Conscienc●
altered
,
which
made
many
believe
,
he
made
Religion
but
a
Stirrup
,
to
Mount
the
Imperial
Throne
;
fo●
then
he
became
their
professed
Enemy
,
using
all
th●
Policy
he
could
,
to
baffle
and
destroy
their
Interest
and
although
he
did
not
violently
Persecute
them
himself
,
yet
he
gave
way
to
such
as
spared
no
Affront
or
Indignities
;
and
Writ
,
with
his
own
hand
,
a
Book
to
Ridicule
the
Gospel
,
calling
our
Blessed
Saviour
Gallilean
,
in
derision
:
When
preparing
for
the
Wan●
of
Persia
,
as
he
Rod
forth
,
he
asked
one
of
the
Christians
,
What
the
Carpenters
Son
was
doing
at
that
time
He
is
(
replied
the
good
Man
,
with
an
holy
Anger
making
a
Coffin
for
your self
:
At
this
Julian
smiled
but
whether
prophetically
spoke
,
or
by
chance
,
it
so●
fell
out
:
That
riding
at
the
Head
of
his
Army
,
an●
Arrow
,
none
knowing
from
what
hand
it
came
,
Mor●
tally
wounded
him
;
whereupon
,
perceiving
hi●
Death
certain
,
he
drew
forth
the
Arrow
,
and
throwing
up
handfuls
of
his
own
Blood
in
defiance
to
Heaven
,
he
cried
out
;
Vicisti
Galilee
,
thou
haft
Overcome
me
O
Galilean
;
and
so
expired
:
After
whose
Death
,
Jovinianus
took
the
Rule
,
and
had
so
grea●
a
liking
to
the
Christian
Religion
,
that
he
easilyembraced
it
,
causing
the
Souldiers
and
People
to
do
the
same
;
and
would
often
Express
himself
in
these
terms
:
O
that
I
might
govern
wise
men
;
and
wise
men●
govern
me
!
His
Reign
was
but
short
,
not
exceeding
a
Year
,
when
he
gave
place
to
Valentinianus
,
in
whose
Reign
the
Roman
Empire
was
threatned
by
the
barbarous
Nations
,
who
made
great
Spoil
and
Desolation
;
insomuch
,
that
the
Legions
in
Britain
,
were
drawn
off
to
Assist
nearer
home
;
which
gave
●e
Picts
and
Irish
an
opportunity
to
Invade
and
●arrass
this
Kingdom
,
with
great
Spoil
,
and
Slaugh●r
of
the
People
,
which
made
them
beseech
the
Em●ror
for
Aid
;
and
Theodosius
was
sent
with
a
Po●er
that
Repelled
the
Invaders
,
and
left
the
Bri●ins
in
Peace
,
but
no
longer
,
than
till
the
Romans
●ere
departed
:
He
was
moreover
a
great
Favourer
●f
the
Christians
,
restored
their
Temples
,
and
for●id
Idolatrous
Worship
,
and
Mid-night
Sacrifice
;
and
●aving
found
some
treacherous
dealing
amongst
his
●en
of
War
,
he
was
wont
to
say
;
Gold
was
tryed
●ith
the
Touch
stone
,
and
Men
with
Gold
:
And
to
him
succeeded
Gratianus
and
Valence
,
the
former
behaving
himself
with
all
due
Respect
to
the
Christians
,
but
●he
latter
closed
with
the
Arian
Hereticks
against
them
;
causing
eighty
of
the
Christians
to
be
sent
●o
Sea
in
a
Ship
,
and
there
set
it
on
Fire
,
giving
them
●he
choice
,
either
to
Drown
themselves
,
or
Perish
in
●he
Flame
:
Yet
,
after
a
Reign
of
Six
Years
,
full
of
Trouble
,
Maximus
,
and
Valentinianus
,
took
place
;
but
the
first
held
it
so
short
a
time
,
that
,
in
many
Authors
,
he
is
not
mentioned
;
they
had
no
War
with
the
Britains
,
and
had
indeed
enough
to
do
,
to
Defend
themselves
;
and
were
succeeded
by
Theodosius
,
who
began
his
Reign
Anno
Dom.
379.
under
whom
the
Christian
Religion
flourished
;
and
Damassus
being
Bishop
of
Rome
,
the
Second
General
Councel
was
held
,
and
now
,
for
the
space
of
six
Months
,
the
World
was
so
troubled
with
Earth-quakes
,
that
the
Dissolation
,
and
Ruine
they
occasioned
,
is
not
countable
.
Arcadius
,
and
Honorius
,
next
took
place
,
viz.
402.
In
whose
Reign
a
marvellous
Thing
happened
at
Constantinople
,
viz.
About
Noon
,
a
Fire
entering
the
Great
Church
,
fastned
upon
the
Bishops
Seat
,
and
Consumed
it
;
thence
growing
up
like
a
Pyramid
,
seized
the
Roof
,
and
Burnt
it
,
not
doing
the
People
,
then
Assembled
,
any
harm
,
though
it
passed
through
them
;
leaving
the
Church
,
it
passed
directly
●…
Senate-House
,
and
reduced
it
to
Ashes
:
This
ma●…
looked
upon
,
as
a
Divine
Presage
of
those
Miseri●…
that
soon
after
befel
the
Church
and
State
;
for
no●…
the
Roman
Greatness
growing
to
a
period
,
the
Bra●…
ches
being
too
ponderous
for
the
Bole
,
to
Suppo●…
the
Storms
of
War
,
that
came
thundring
from
sevral
Quarters
,
rent
and
tore
them
in
pieces
;
ins●…
much
,
that
we
may
say
,
The
Red
Horse
,
and
h●…
Rider
were
sent
forth
,
about
this
time
,
To
take
pea●…
from
the
earth
:
and
now
the
Britains
groaned
under
the
weight
of
their
Enemies
,
the
Picts
,
Scots
,
an●…
Wild
Irish
,
who
came
upon
them
in
great
Swarm
laying
waste
all
their
pleasant
places
,
which
mad●…
them
again
Address
the
Romans
(
who
had
so
lon●…
been
their
Masters
)
for
speedy
Succour
;
but
ha●…
word
sent
them
:
That
their
hands
were
full
of
En●…mies
,
and
that
they
could
not
spare
any
of
their
Forces●…
However
,
Theodosius
Junior
,
and
Valentinianus
,
coming
to
the
Thrones
of
the
West
and
East
;
for
now
th●…
Roman
Eagle
was
double
headed
,
a
Legion
wa●…
ordered
for
Britain
;
upon
whose
approach
,
and
after
some
Skirmishes
,
the
Barbarous
People
retired
;
and
the
Romans
,
before
their
departure
,
taught
the
Britains
the
more
perfect
Exercise
of
Arms
,
ad●…
monishing
them
to
renew
,
strengthen
,
&
fortifie
their
Wall
from
Sea
to
Sea
,
and
keep
Watchmen
o●…
the
Towers
to
defend
them
,
and
give
notice
of
the
Enemies
approach
,
seeing
they
might
be
confident
this
was
the
last
time
they
could
expect
any
Succou●…
from
Rome
;
so
that
after
a
possession
of
597
,
years
the
Romans
of
their
own
accord
left
the
flourishing
Island
of
Britain
,
carrying
with
them
,
at
sundry
times
,
the
Flower
and
Strength
of
the
Land
to
assist
them
in●…
their
Foreign
Wars
,
by
which
the
Britains
lay
more
easie
and
open
to
the
Inroads
and
Incursions
of
their
Enemies
.
●…us
〈…〉
,
whom
balfe
the
world
obey'd
,
●…r
conquering
〈…〉
spread
●…ve
hundred
ninety
seven
years
,
and
then
●fatal
times
●…
the
Isle
again
:
●…en
blood
and
〈…〉
rag'd
in
every
place
,
●…d
Crimson
Seas
had
delug'd
Natures
Face
;
●…en
't
was
,
Great
Kingdom
,
thy
sad
Woes
came
on
,
●…us
plagues
o'er
took
thee
,
that
thou
thoughts't
to
shun
,
〈…〉
friendly
seeming
Saxons
more
undone
.
〈◊〉
what
means
the
Saxons
came
to
Conquer
this
Kingdom
,
and
divide
it
into
a
Hepterchie
,
with
their
Succession
of
Kings
,
and
Discription
of
their
resprective
Kingdoms
,
till
it
was
reduced
to
a
Monarchy
,
and
from
thence
till
conquered
by
the
Danes
.
THE
Romans
,
as
we
have
said
,
by
a
voluntary
relinquishment
having
left
this
famous
Island
in●…mbered
with
restless
Enemies
,
whose
Ravages
and
●…oils
are
too
many
to
count
,
and
the
poor
defence●…ss
Britains
quite
wearied
out
with
continual
Ala●…ms
,
Slaughters
,
Burnings
,
and
the
Ravishment
of
●…eir
Wives
and
Daughters
,
heartless
to
defend
●…emselves
,
and
out
of
all
hopes
of
Assistance
from
●…eir
old
Masters
the
Romans
;
they
at
last
understand●…g
the
Saxons
were
a
powerful
and
prevailing
Peo●…e
in
Germany
,
who
had
inlarged
their
Borders
,
and
one
great
Actions
,
resolved
to
apply
themselves
to
his
People
for
Succour
;
and
hereupon
Vertigern
●…e
King
,
with
the
consent
of
his
Nobles
,
sent
Am●…ssadors
to
the
Heads
of
the
Saxons
,
and
Jutes
,
ordering
upon
the
Rhine
,
laying
before
them
the
●…plorableness
of
the
Kingdoms
condition
,
and
how
was
at
a
point
to
be
lost
,
the
Enemy
having
al●…ady
advanced
as
far
as
Stamford
in
Lincolnshire
,
●…ith
dreadful
Spoil
and
Devastion
,
intreating
a
speedy
Succour
and
Protection
,
promising
large
Re●
wards
for
the
Service
.
The
Saxons
having
well●
weighed
the
thing
,
upon
certain
notice
of
the●
Fruitfulness
of
the
Country
,
and
finding
their
own●
Borders
to
streight
and
scanty
for
their
numbers
,
●
immediately
closed
with
the
request
of
the
Britains●
dismissing
their
Ambassadors
with
a
very
obliging●
Letter
,
and
instantly
drew
out
9000
Men
,
under
the●
leading
of
Hengist
and
Horsus
,
two
Brothers
of
a●
noble
Family
,
who
with
expedition
,
suitable
to
the●
imergency
of
this
occasion
,
landed
at
Ebsfleet
in●
the
Island
of
Thanet
,
where
they
were
received
by●
the
King's
Order
with
Songs
and
congratulations
o●
Joy
,
and
then
joyning
with
them
such
Forces
as
he●
had
drawn
together
,
gave
the
Enemy
Battle
with●
great
slaughter
,
defeating
and
overthrowing
them
so
that
they
were
obliged
not
only
to
repass
th●
Wall
that
was
drawn
from
Sea
to
Sea
,
as
a
defence●
against
Scotland
,
but
to
leave
the
Kingdom
in
entire
peace
:
So
the
face
of
things
seemed
very
much●
changed
,
but
long
this
tranquility
had
not
lasted
before
the
two
Brothers
(
the
first
having
married
his
Daughter
Rawena
to
the
doting
King
,
who
had
fallen
in
love
with
her
,
upon
a
Complement
she
passed
in
drinking
to
him
)
gave
their
Soldiers
so
much
liberty
,
that
the
People
found
themselves
greatly
oppressed
,
of
which
reitered
Complaints
were
made
and
the
King
used
his
interest
with
the
Captains●
to
restrain
them
,
but
they
connived
at
it
,
and
demanded
larger
Pay
,
giving
out
,
That
they
would
lay
th●
Kingdom
in
Ashes
,
if
it
were
denyed
them
;
seizing
upon
sundry
Towns
and
Castles
;
so
that
the
Nobles
perceiving
the
King
blindly
carried
away
by
the
couns●ls
of
his
young
Wife
,
on
whom
he
infinitely
doated
;
they
consulted
with
Vortimer
his
Son
,
〈◊〉
Prince
of
great
Hope
and
Courage
,
when
drawi●
together
what
Forces
they
could
,
without
th●
knowledge
of
the
King
,
they
sell
so
unexpectedl●
upon
the
Saxons
,
that
having
overthrown
them
in
〈◊〉
bloody
Battle
,
they
resolved
to
drive
them
out
of
the
Land
,
which
accordingly
they
did
,
forcing
the
remainder
,
with
their
Captains
,
to
take
shipping
and
be
gone
.
This
defeat
,
and
disappointment
,
so
perplext
the
Brethren
,
that
gathering
greater
Forces
they
came
again
,
coasting
the
Country
in
their
Ships
and
Barks
,
and
under
pretence
of
friendship
,
and
desire
to
have
the
Daughter
with
them
,
they
were
permitted
quietly
to
Land
;
but
here
their
treachery
appear'd
,
for
it
being
agreed
,
that
so
many
of
theirs
should
hold
a
conference
,
with
a
like
number
of
the
British
Nobles
,
about
setling
Affairs
,
and
reconciling
the
Differences
between
them
and
the
Saxons
,
under
their
long
Coats
they
hid
short
Swords
,
&
during
the
Treaty
,
&
upon
and
watch-word
given
by
Hengest
,
fell
upon
the
unarmed
Nobles
,
who
expected
no
such
matter
,
killing
all
but
one
Earl
,
who
geting
a
Hedgestake
,
made
his
passage
through
them
,
and
alarumed
the
Country
with
the
fatal
news
:
And
this
some
Authors
affirm
to
be
done
upon
Salisbury
plain
,
but
,
however
,
the
Nobles
thus
dead
,
the
Juits
,
Angles
and
Saxons
,
fell
on
with
Fire
and
Sword
,
killing
and
destroying
all
that
came
in
their
way
,
carrying
a
Torrent
of
Destruction
from
Sea
to
Sea
;
so
that
the
poor
Britains
being
utterly
disheartned
,
and
destitute
of
a
Head
,
fled
before
them
like
Flocks
of
timerous
Sheep
to
the
Mountains
and
Fastnesses
,
many
of
them
living
in
Rocks
,
Caves
and
Woods
,
upon
such
as
Nature
afforded
them
,
to
avoid
the
fury
of
the
destroying
Enemy
,
who
resolutely
bent
upon
a
total
Conquest
,
daily
sent
over
for
more
of
their
Companions
,
who
came
in
swarms
,
devouring
like
Locust
all
the
good
things
of
the
Land
.
Thus
the
misery
of
the
Britains
renewed
,
and
these
People
began
to
frame
their
Government
,
dividing
the
Country
by
Lott
into
seven
Parts
or
petry
Kingdoms
,
called
from
thence
,
The
Hepterchie
of
the
Saxons
in
this
order
.
-
1.
Kent
.
-
2.
South
Saxons
.
-
3.
West
Saxons
.
-
4.
East
Saxons
.
-
5.
Northumberland
.
-
6.
Mercia
.
-
7.
East
Angles
.
These
they
formed
into
Kingdoms
,
striving
,
as
much
as
in
them
lay
,
to
exterperate
the
whole
Race
of
the
Britains
,
and
raise
themselves
in
their
places
:
Some
may
be
curious
to
know
the
Original
of
this
Transmarine
People
but
Originals
of
this
kind
are
generally
obscure
,
but
Historians
conjecture
they
were
a
branch
of
the
Sacae
an
Asian
People
,
who
came
into
Europe
to
find
themselves
better
Habitations
,
and
planted
on
the
Banks
of
the
Rhine
.
They
were
upon
their
arrival
in
Britain
Idolaters
,
worshipping
a
God
for
every
day
in
the
Week
,
and
greatly
persecuted
those
they
found
to
persevere
in
the
Christian
Faith
:
And
when
they
went
to
Battle
,
they
had
certain
Songs
prepared
to
invoke
the
favour
of
their
Deities
,
and
were
very
unmerciful
,
for
they
sacrificed
every
tenth
Captive
,
and
would
admit
of
no
Ransom
.
The
Garments
of
the
Saxons
were
in
the
form
of
a
Gassock
,
clasped
over
,
or
pined
with
wooden
Pins
their
Weapons
,
bended
Swords
,
with
three
notches
on
the
back
,
in
the
form
of
a
Back-sword
,
but
broader
,
with
fiat
sloaping
points
,
and
battel
Axes
,
using
to
try
the
quarrel
of
a
whole
Province
,
by
single
Combate
,
suffering
their
Virgins
to
Marry
but
once
;
and
their
Men
were
forbid
plurality
of
Wives
,
except
they
were
Noble
;
and
they
,
only
for
want
of
Issue
;
Adultry
they
punished
were
severly
.
These
People
going
under
the
Denominations
,
o●
Saxons
,
Argles
,
and
Jutes
,
devided
the
Kingdom
,
now
called
England
,
for
King
Vort●gorn
,
being
(
by
his
Inr●ged
Subjects
)
over-whelmed
with
wildfier
in
his
Castle
or
Pallace
,
as
the
cause
of
all
their
Calamities
,
by
g●ving
(
at
first
)
too
much
way
and
countenance
to
th●
〈◊〉
,
they
parted
it
out
as
they
found
themselve●
in
most
power
or
advantage
,
by
birth
;
and
Hengist
having
leave
to
take
his
Lot
,
chose
Kent
,
and
formed
it
into
a
Kingdom
,
Stiling
himself
the
first
King
of
Kent
,
begining
his
Reign
455
,
and
Reigned
with
great
success
,
34
years
;
and
was
succeeded
by
Esca
or
Oscia
,
from
whom
the
Inhabitants
were
called
Eskins
,
this
Prince
began
his
Reign
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
490
,
and
continued
it
24
years
,
giving
place
to
Octa
who
Reigned
23
years
;
and
was
succeeded
by
Imerick
,
who
somewhat
inlarged
his
Borders
,
and
continued
his
Reign
till
562
;
and
during
his
time
,
was
held
the
second
General
Counsel
at
Constantinople
,
for
the
Establishment
of
the
Church
;
when
by
the
Pious
and
Exampler
lives
,
and
Preaching
of
good
Men
,
Christianity
,
that
had
been
trampled
on
by
the
Saxons
,
began
to
revive
in
Britain
;
so
that
Ethelbert
,
that
succeeded
Imerick
began
to
harken
to
them
,
and
upon
the
Arrival
of
Austine
,
the
Monk
,
and
Forty
others
with
him
,
sent
by
Gregory
,
Bishop
of
Rome
,
he
was
Converted
,
and
Baptized
Anno
596.
In
the
36th
year
of
his
Age
,
and
the
4th
year
of
his
Reign
,
giving
a
general
Liberty
to
his
Sujects
,
to
Renounce
their
Paganisme
;
so
that
,
these
good
Men
(
by
the
Kings
Appointment
)
setling
at
Canterbury
,
are
reported
to
Baptize
and
Convert
10003.
in
a
very
short
time
;
which
prosperous
Work
,
by
the
Influence
of
Heaven
,
soon
over-spread
the
Kingdom
,
and
God
,
accordingly
blessed
the
King
with
a
Long
Reign
;
for
he
continued
in
his
Throne
36
years
,
and
then
was
succeeded
by
Edbald
,
who
,
at
first
,
was
averse
to
the
Christians
,
and
for
fear
of
him
,
Melitus
,
and
Justus
fled
their
Bishopricks
,
but
he
being
Converted
by
Laurence
,
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
they
were
recalled
;
but
having
Reigned
24
years
,
he
gave
place
to
Ercombert
Anno
5●2
.
This
King
brought
Christianity
to
be
highlier
prized
than
before
,
turning
the
Idol
Temples
,
that
had
been
heitherto
allowed
.
into
places
of
True
Worship
,
commanding
the
first
Lent
to
be
kept
,
that
this
Kingdom
knew
;
but
after
a
Reign
of
24
years
he
dyed
;
and
was
succeeded
by
Egbert
his
Brother
,
who
basely
Murthered
Ethelred
,
and
Ethelbert
,
his
two
Nephews
,
Sons
to
Ercombert
,
and
●ast
the
Dead
Bodies
into
the
River
Medway
;
for
which
(
no
doubt
)
his
Reign
was
shorter
than
any
before
him
for
he
continued
it
but
9
years
,
ending
it
by
Death
666
,
and
was
succeeded
by
Lothaire
,
who
,
after
holding
the
Scepter
of
Kent
11
years
,
Engageing
in
a
Bloody
Wa●
against
Ethelred
King
of
the
Mercians
,
and
Edrick
,
King
of
the
South
Saxons
,
he
was
shot
through
with
a
Dart
which
put
an
end
to
his
Life
and
Reign
.
In
his
time
a●
third
Counsel
was
held
at
Constantinople
,
being
the
6th
General
Counsel
for
the
Provision
and
Establishment
o●
the
Church
;
Agathus
,
being
Bishop
of
Rome
and
Ederick
succeeded
this
Prince
,
he
held
not
the
Scepter
long
before
his
Subjects
,
(
upon
a
disgust
)
took
Arms
against
him
,
and
slew
him
in
a
pitched
Field
,
maintaining
themselves
against
all
Opposers
,
So
that
the
Kingdom
lay
destitute
of
a
Head
,
for
the
space
of
six
years
〈◊〉
this
Kings
Reign
being
the
shortest
of
any
,
Viz.
two
years
only
;
but
at
the
end
of
6
years
,
Withred
,
hi●
Brother
for
a
great
sum
of
Mony
payed
to
Inas
,
go●
the
Possession
,
and
Reigned
33
years
;
and
there
gave
place
to
Egbert
,
who
began
his
Reign
727
,
in
his
time
there
appeared
two
fearful
Commets
,
thaeatning
Wars
,
and
Desolation
,
which
afterward
Ensued
by
the
falling
out
of
Petty
Princes
;
he
Reigned
23
years
,
and
was
succeeded
by
Ethelbert
,
Anno
750
,
who
held
the
Throne
11
years
,
and
gave
place
to
Edrick
,
who
lost
his
Life
after
a
Reign
of
34
years
,
in
a
fatal
Battle
at
Otteford
,
against
Offa
King
of
the
Mercians
;
and
in
his
time
another
General
Counsel
was
held
at
Nice
,
and
consequently
the
second
General
Counsel
;
and
then
the
Kingdom
of
Kent
was
Usurped
by
Ethelbert
the
third
,
who
(
for
that
cause
)
being
Wared
upon
by
Kenwoolf
,
he
was
taken
Prisoner
,
and
crrried
into
Mercia
〈◊〉
yet
he
afterward
was
released
,
and
Reigned
3
years
giving
,
at
the
end
of
that
time
,
place
to
Cuthred
,
whom
Kenwolf
,
King
of
the
Mercians
,
Instated
in
the
Thron●
of
Kent
:
Yet
his
Reign
was
short
,
terminating
in
the
space
of
three
years
,
and
Baldred
succeeding
him
,
(
after
a
long
dispute
with
the
Mercian
King
,
and
18
years
continuance
in
his
Kingdom
)
was
forced
to
flee
,
and
leave
the
Possession
to
the
Conqueror
;
who
,
about
the
year
824
,
made
it
cease
to
be
any
longer
a
Kingdom
,
annexing
it
,
(
by
right
of
Conquest
)
to
that
of
Mercia
;
in
which
,
for
the
future
,
we
must
account
it
:
This
Kingdom
continued
entire
372
years
.
Thus
fell
the
Kentish
Kingdom
,
thus
bereft
Of
all
its
Grandure
,
to
the
Conqueror
left
;
Its
name
was
swallowed
by
a
greater
sway
,
Ingulf'd
,
in
what
we
must
call
Mercia
.
An
account
of
the
Kingdom
of
the
South
Saxons
containing
,
Sussex
and
Surry
under
the
Succession
of
four
Kings
.
THis
parcel
of
the
British
Land
fell
first
to
E●●●
Captain
of
the
Saxons
,
who
brought
supplys
out
of
Germany
,
at
their
greatest
need
,
Landing
at
Shoram
in
S●ssex
,
where
he
gave
barrel
to
the
Britains
,
and
by
a
great
overthrow
obliged
them
to
the
Woods
and
Fastnesses
,
whereupon
,
sending
for
more
Aid
to
A●sure
him
in
his
Conquest
,
he
took
possession
of
Sussex
and
Surry
,
begining
his
Reign
488.
and
continued
it
32
years
.
Then
giving
place
to
Cossa
,
who
Reigned
,
as
some
will
have
it
72
years
;
and
to
him
succeeded
Ethels
Wolfe
,
who
,
after
25
years
Reign
,
was
slain
by
Cadewel
,
a
Banished
Prince
of
the
West
Saxons
;
yet
before
his
death
,
the
Christian
Religion
was
tolerated
in
his
Kingdom
,
himself
being
Converted
by
,
(
as
Bede
has
it
)
Bishop
Willfride
,
tho'
some
allow
his
Conversion
to
Berinus
Bishop
of
Dorchester
,
however
,
he
was
held
to
be
a
good
Prince
;
nor
did
Cadewel
long
rest
in
quiet
,
after
his
death
,
for
Barthun
,
and
Authun
,
took
up
Arms
against
●im
,
and
made
him
fly
the
Kingdom
,
but
he
returning
with
a
great
power
,
overcame
the
two
Dukes
;
and
after
that
,
it
became
a
part
of
the
West
Saxon
Kingdom
,
when
it
had
continued
a
Kingdom
133
years
.
Thus
set
the
second
Kingdom
,
or
it's
Fame
;
For
from
this
time
,
it
lost
it's
ancient
Name
.
An
account
of
the
West
Saxon
Kingdom
,
containing
Cornwal
,
Devonshire
,
Barkshire
,
and
Hampshire
,
with
the
succession
of
Kings
.
THe
first
that
possessed
himself
of
this
Kingdom
,
was
Chardick
,
a
low
Country
German
Captain
,
who
entred
Britain
about
the
year
of
our
Lord
495.
and
Killing
Nataulcon
,
a
great
Prince
of
the
Britains
,
in
a
dreadful
Battle
,
he
made
himself
King
of
the
West
Saxons
,
beginning
his
Reign
in
501
,
and
continued
it
33
years
;
at
the
end
of
which
,
he
gave
place
to
Kenrick
,
who
prosecuting
the
War
against
the
Britains
,
gave
them
two
great
overthrows
,
at
Banbury
in
Oxfordshire
,
and
Shrewsbury
in
Wiltshire
,
whereby
they
losing
Courage
,
and
hopes
of
Conquest
,
left
him
in
quiet
possession
of
what
his
Father
had
acquired
;
but
after
a
Reign
of
26
years
,
he
was
succeeded
by
Chewlin
,
who
fought
Ethelbert
,
King
of
Kent
,
and
defeated
his
Army
at
Wimbledon
:
And
this
is
accounted
the
first
Battle
,
the
Saxons
had
amongst
themselves
;
he
gave
likewise
a
great
overthrow
to
the
Britains
at
Bedfold
,
and
surprized
four
of
their
Towns
as
Liganburgh
,
Alisbury
,
Bensington
,
and
Evesham
;
and
about
six
years
after
,
he
fought
the
Britains
at
Durham
,
and
slew
Coinmagil
,
Caudigan
,
and
Farmnagil
,
three
of
the
British
Kings
;
thereupon
surprizing
Glocester
,
Bath
,
and
Cirencester
;
but
at
length
,
some
Saxons
Joyning
with
the
Britains
,
to
Oppose
his
growing
greatness
,
he
was
overthrown
at
Wodensbeoth
,
and
his
Son
Cuth
slain
;
and
thereupon
Cearlick
,
his
Nephews
,
prosecuting
the
War
against
him
,
bereft
him
of
the
Kingdom
,
after
●…e
had
Reigned
33
years
;
yet
the
Nephew
held
it
but
●…x
years
,
before
he
gave
place
to
Chelwoolf
.
This
●…rince
held
the
Scepter
of
the
West
Saxons
Kingdom
14
●…ears
,
but
being
assaulted
by
the
Britains
,
in
confedra●…y
with
the
Scots
and
Picts
,
after
much
trouble
and
●…ile
,
he
dyed
in
the
Wars
;
so
that
his
Kingdom
fell
●…
Kingil
,
who
gave
the
Britains
Battle
at
Beandune
,
●…nd
killed
1046
of
them
;
and
the
better
to
strengthen
●…imself
,
he
made
peace
with
Penda
,
King
of
the
Mar●…ans
,
and
was
converted
to
the
Christian
Faith
,
by
●…erinus
,
to
whom
he
gave
Dorchester
,
as
a
seat
.
This
King
Reigned
31
years
over
the
West
Saxons
.
and
●…hen
gave
place
to
Redwald
,
who
was
Baptized
,
and
Reigned
13
years
;
after
him
Eskwin
began
his
Reign
,
●…75
.
and
continued
it
but
two
years
,
being
overcome
●…t
that
time
by
Wolfere
,
King
of
the
Mercians
,
at
Bu●…amhford
,
and
most
of
his
people
slain
,
and
was
succee●…ed
in
the
Kingdom
of
the
West
Saxons
by
Kentwin
,
who
was
a
greater
Persecutor
of
the
poor
remnant
of
●…he
Britains
,
making
them
fly
into
the
Rocks
and
Mountains
for
shelter
and
security
;
but
his
Reign
●…asted
not
long
,
for
at
the
end
of
9
years
he
dyed
,
and
gave
place
to
Cadewalde
,
who
slew
Ethelwoolf
,
King
of
●…he
South
Saxons
,
and
afterward
usurped
his
Kingdom
;
and
being
a
Heathen
,
he
destroyed
many
of
the
Christians
,
especially
the
Clergy
;
but
in
the
end
,
he
was
succeeded
by
Ine
,
who
began
his
Reign
,
Anno
688.
●…he
brought
the
South
Saxon
Kingdom
into
a
province
,
and
had
Wars
with
the
Britains
and
Mercians
,
and
made
many
wholsom
Laws
;
upon
which
,
many
now
●…n
force
,
are
founded
;
he
built
the
Abby
of
Glassenbury
,
and
went
a
Pilgrimage
to
Rome
,
and
there
dyed
.
This
was
he
that
gave
the
Pope
the
first
Peter-pence
from
England
,
to
be
payed
on
Lammus
day
;
his
Reign
continued
37
years
,
and
was
succeeded
by
Ethellred
,
in
whose
Reign
,
two
dreadful
Blazing-Stars
appeared
;
his
Reign
continued
14
years
,
and
then
he
gave
place
to
Cuthred
,
Anno
740.
this
King
made
Peace
with
the
Mercians
,
and
Joyning
his
Force
;
with
them
,
the
cruelly
opressed
the
Britains
,
but
Adelem
,
an
Ea●…
and
one
of
his
Subjects
,
Rebelling
against
him
,
h●…
was
obliged
to
give
it
over
,
to
Defend
his
Trritories
but
having
Reigned
14
years
,
he
was
succeeded
b●…
Siges●●rt
.
This
King
caused
Cumbra
,
an
Earl
of
h●…
Counsel
,
to
be
slain
for
reproving
his
Vices
,
whic●…
occasioned
his
Subjects
to
Rebel
,
and
forced
him
t●…
shelter
himself
in
a
Wood
,
where
he
was
found
,
an●…
slain
by
the
Earls
Swinheard
,
when
he
had
Reigned
about
a
year
;
to
whom
Kenwoolf
succeeded
,
who
Wa●…ed
very
furiously
on
the
Britains
,
and
gave
them
gre●…
overthrows
;
but
in
the
end
,
himself
was
overthrow●…
by
Offa
,
King
of
the
Mercians
,
and
there
slain
,
●…
Captain
Ciyto
,
but
his
Subjects
recovered
hi●…
Body
and
revenged
his
death
upon
the
Captain
,
and
Eighty
of
his
followers
.
The
King
thus
dead
,
Brithrick
steped
into
the
Throne
,
in
whose
time
divers
strange
prodegies
,
and
Phantoms
appeared
,
as
well
in
the
Air
,
a●…
on
the
Earth
;
and
when
he
had
Reigned
without
any
considerable
Action
,
fell
by
Poyson
,
which
he
took
in
in
a
confection
,
the
Queen
had
prepared
for
one
of
hi●…
paramours
;
whereupon
he
fled
into
France
,
and
ther●…
died
Miserably
,
and
now
this
Kingdom
began
to
draw
to
a
Period
,
or
rather
to
loose
it's
name
,
to
be
joyned
with
the
rest
,
in
a
sole
Monarchy
;
for
Egbert
succeeded
Brithrick
,
Anno
806.
as
King
of
the
West
Saxons
,
he
(
after
a
long
War
,
wherein
much
blood
was
spilt
)
gained
an
absolute
rule
over
the
Seven
Kingdoms
,
making
a
strict
Law
against
the
Welch
,
that
should
dare
to
venture
over
Offas
Ditch
,
which
he
appointed
for
their
Boundard
,
he
slew
Bernulph
,
King
of
the
Mercians
in
Battle
,
and
drove
the
King
of
Kent
out
of
his
Kingdom
,
and
to
his
Conquering
Arms
the
East
Angles
,
and
East
Saxons
,
likewise
submitted
,
so
that
finding
none
oppose
him
,
he
caused
himself
to
be
Crowned
the
first
sole
Saxon
Monarch
at
Winchester
,
and
gave
the
Country
the
name
of
England
;
and
the
Danes
,
(
with
33
Ship
)
Landing
in
the
14
of
his
Reign
,
he
gave
them
●attle
,
but
was
Obliged
to
retire
with
loss
;
and
the
●ext
year
(
being
invited
by
the
Britains
)
they
Landed
●…
Wales
,
against
whom
he
Wared
,
and
was
Victorious
.
This
was
the
17
King
of
the
West
Saxons
,
that
had
●eigned
successively
,
and
began
his
Reign
as
sole
Mon●rch
,
Anno
819
,
and
Reigned
17
years
,
and
in
all
36
Thus
the
divided
Kingdom
did
Unite
,
And
on
one
head
her
Crown
shone
Dazling
bright
.
An
Account
of
the
East
Saxon
Kingdom
,
which
contained
Essex
,
and
Middlesex
,
begining
Anno
522
,
and
continuing
305
years
under
the
success
of
14
Kings
.
THe
first
that
we
find
to
Govern
the
East
Saxons
,
was
Erchenwine
,
who
began
not
his
Reign
,
till
Anno
527
,
and
is
held
continued
it
Sixty
years
;
and
●hen
gave
place
to
Sladda
,
who
held
it
only
9
years
,
when
Sebert
took
upon
him
the
Kingdom
;
and
being
Converted
to
the
Christian
Faith
by
Miletus
,
Bishop
of
St.
Pauls
in
London
,
which
had
been
founded
by
himself
,
and
Ethelbert
King
of
Kent
,
in
the
place
where
●he
Temple
of
Diana
had
stood
,
restored
them
their
priveledges
,
and
free
Exercise
of
Religion
,
which
had
before
been
denyed
them
,
and
Reigned
12
years
,
noted
to
be
the
first
Christian
King
of
the
East
Saxons
;
Seered
succeeded
him
,
Anno
,
617.
who
,
contrary
to
his
Predecessor
,
put
many
Indignities
upon
the
Christians
,
as
Prophaining
their
Communion-Tables
,
and
Offering
to
Idols
;
for
which
,
being
reproved
be
Miletus
,
he
banished
that
Bishop
,
and
fell
heavey
upon
the
rest
of
the
Clergy
;
but
at
the
end
of
6
years
,
he
was
slain
by
King●ils
,
King
of
the
West
Saxons
;
and
Sigesbert
Reigned
in
this
stead
,
Continuing
King
of
the
East
Saxons
,
by
the
space
of
23
years
;
and
after
him
Reigned
Sigebert
,
whom
Oswye
,
King
of
the
Northumbers
,
perswaded
to
be
Baptixed
,
and
accordingly
it
was
performed
by
Bishop
Finnan
;
but
being
of
a
wild
and
sordid
natur●…
when
he
had
Reigned
15
years
,
his
Brothers
Conspir●…
against
him
,
and
slew
him
,
and
Swith●…lm
succeede●…
Anno
661
,
who
was
Converted
,
and
Baptized
●…
Bishop
Cedda
,
and
Edelwald
,
King
of
the
East
Angl●…
stood
his
God-Father
,
but
he
Reigned
only
3
year●…
and
then
gave
place
to
Sighere
;
who
,
after
he
had
bee●…
Baptized
,
turned
Apostate
,
but
brought
again
to
●…
former
Principles
,
by
the
means
of
Woolfere
,
King
●…
Mercia
;
he
caused
the
Idol
Temples
to
be
Demolishe●…
and
in
his
time
a
Raging
Plague
continued
for
th●…
space
of
5
years
:
Sebba
,
succeeded
him
;
but
havin●…
Reigned
about
30
years
,
he
layed
down
his
Crown
as
more
desirous
of
a
Monastick
Life
,
and
entred
th●…
Monastery
of
St.
Pauls
,
London
;
and
Sigherd
took
upon
him
the
Government
,
and
Reigned
7
years
;
A●…
the
end
of
which
Seofrid
began
his
Reign
,
which
continued
7
years
,
as
the
former
;
yet
in
neither
of
the●…
Reigns
,
did
any
thing
Memorable
happen
,
nor
in
the●…
Successor
Offa's
;
for
he
(
when
he
had
held
the
Scepte●…
of
the
East
Saxons
8
years
)
went
to
Rome
,
and
the●…
turned
Monk
,
and
dyed
in
that
state
:
Selred
began
hi●…
Reign
722
,
and
Reigned
38
years
,
without
any
thin●…
Memorable
,
except
His
Wars
with
the
Mercians
;
and
leaving
Cuthred
,
(
his
Successor
,
)
Imbroyled
in
Troubles
,
Egbert
King
of
the
West
Saxons
,
at
the
end
of
●…
years
,
drove
him
out
of
his
Kingdom
:
so
that
,
after
the
Succession
of
14
Kings
,
it
was
,
in
the
year
872
made
a
part
of
the
whole
,
under
a
sole
Monarch
.
Thus
Heaven
,
by
secret
Wheels
,
Winds
on
the
Fates
,
Of
Empires
,
Kingdoms
,
and
of
petty
States
;
Turns
all
things
,
as
is
in
Wisdom
thought
,
That
his
Decrees
be
to
perfection
brought
.
An
account
of
the
Northumber
Kingdom
,
and
Succession
of
Kings
.
THe
Kingdom
of
the
Northumbers
,
contained
Northumberland
,
Cumberland
,
Yorkshire
,
Durham
,
●…ncashire
,
Westmerland
,
and
some
part
of
the
Marches
;
●…d
began
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
547
,
continuing
379
●…ar
,
but
it
does
not
Challenge
a
Succession
of
Kings
,
●…long
;
for
the
number
found
,
are
but
25
;
and
of
●…ese
in
their
order
.
Ida
and
Ella
took
upon
them
to
be
Kings
of
the
Nor●…umbers
,
Conjunctly
,
Anno
547
and
continued
24
●…ars
,
but
were
obliged
,
(
after
15
years
of
that
Term
)
●…
take
in
5
Partners
,
Viz.
Adda
,
who
held
it
7
years
,
●…appa
5
years
,
Theodwald
1
year
,
Frethulf
7
years
,
●…odorick
7
years
;
but
of
these
,
some
dying
,
and
others
●…ing
dispossessed
,
Ethelfride
took
place
,
making
great
●…ar
upon
the
Britains
,
and
Subdued
Edanaden
,
King
●…
the
Scots
,
whom
he
Overcame
in
a
great
Battle
at
●…egsaston
,
and
at
Westchester
;
he
slew
not
only
the
●…uldiers
of
the
Britains
,
but
even
the
Monks
,
and
Religious
of
all
sorts
,
to
the
Number
of
1100
,
and
Ban●…ed
Edwin
the
British
Prince
,
who
fled
to
Redwold
,
●…ing
of
the
East
Angles
,
who
,
Joyning
his
Forces
with
●…e
Britains
,
they
fought
against
Ethelfride
,
and
slew
●…m
,
when
he
had
Reigned
33
years
;
and
Edwine
was
●…aced
in
the
Kingdom
,
who
,
at
length
,
turning
Chri●…ian
,
restrained
the
Persecutions
that
had
been
made
in
●…ose
parts
,
against
the
Church
;
he
was
Baptized
by
●…aul●nus
at
York
,
together
with
many
of
his
Nobles
,
but
Reigned
not
above
7
years
,
and
then
Osrick
came
to
the
throne
,
whose
reign
was
far
shorter
for
,
within
a
year
,
Waring
on
the
Britains
,
he
was
slain
by
Cadwal
,
their
King
,
and
so
made
way
for
●…swald
,
who
slew
Cadewal
,
a
British
Prince
,
but
was
Overthrown
by
Penda
,
the
M●rcian
King
;
and
slain
at
a
place
called
,
from
that
Mifortune
,
Oswaltree
,
when
he
had
Reigned
9
years
,
●…nd
succeeded
by
Cswye
;
this
King
gave
Battle
to
Ofwine
,
Prince
of
the
Deirans
,
at
Wilfairs-Downs
,
wh●…
flying
the
field
,
was
by
one
of
his
confidents
delive●…ed
up
,
and
put
to
Death
;
and
altho'
Ethelbald
,
Son
●…
Oswald
,
and
Egbert
King
of
the
East
Angels
,
Unite●…
their
Forces
with
Penda
,
King
of
Mercia
,
he
Ove●…
threw
them
,
near
Leads
in
York-shire
,
Killing
Pe●…
Ethclbald
,
with
30
Dukes
and
Leaders
,
giving
tho●…
United
Armyes
a
great
Overthrow
,
and
decided
th●…
long
Controversy
about
the
Celebration
of
Easter
;
an●…
founded
the
Cathedral
Church
in
Litchfield
,
for
a
Bisho●…
See
:
He
Reigned
28
years
,
and
was
succeeded
b●…
Egfride
,
who
,
raising
a
great
Power
,
and
Waring
upo●…
Ethelred
,
King
of
the
Mercians
,
he
found
not
the
Su●…cess
of
his
Prodecessor
;
nor
being
so
contented
,
●…
made
an
expedition
against
the
Irish
,
who
then
,
(
●…
small
Barks
)
perplexed
the
Coast
,
but
following
the●…
too
far
in
the
Mountains
,
he
was
Intraped
by
an
Ambushment
,
and
there
slain
,
after
he
had
Reigned
●…
years
;
leaving
his
Kingdom
to
Alfride
,
who
,
thoug●…
he
Reigned
20
years
,
did
nothing
of
Note
,
he
was
su●…ceeded
by
Osred
,
who
gave
himself
up
to
Prodigiou●…
Lusts
,
Insomuch
,
that
he
forced
Nuns
out
of
their
M●…nasteryes
,
to
satiate
himself
;
and
commiting
outrage●…
he
was
at
last
slain
by
Kenred
,
and
Oswick
,
when
h●…
had
Reigned
9
years
;
and
these
alternately
succeede●…
him
,
the
one
Reigning
two
years
,
and
the
other
11
●…
but
we
find
nothing
worthy
of
note
in
their
Reigns
.
This
being
removed
Ceolenuif
took
the
Scepter
,
bu●…
was
more
given
to
devotion
than
to
Rule
;
insomu●…
that
at
the
Expiration
of
8
years
,
he
layed
aside
his
Roy●…
al
Robes
,
for
a
Monks
Habit
,
making
him
a
Cell
in
a●…
Holy
Island
,
where
he
lived
a
Contemplative
Life
and
in
his
Reign
,
two
threatning
Commets
appeared
the
one
before
,
and
the
other
after
,
Sun
rise
and
se●…
continuing
so
to
do
,
for
the
space
of
2
Weeks
;
A●…
now
Egbert
took
up
the
Scepter
,
and
having
held
it
2●…
years
,
turned
Monk
,
such
was
the
Superstition
of
tho●…
times
:
To
conclude
,
that
by
so
doing
they
Mer●…
Heaven
.
Oswulph
succeeded
Egbert
,
but
his
Reign
wa●…
●…hort
,
and
unfortunate
;
for
scarcely
had
he
held
it
a
year
,
but
he
was
Murthered
by
his
Servant
,
at
the
In●…tigation
of
his
Step-Mother
,
to
promote
h●…r
own
Son
●…t
Mick'e
Woughton
;
and
Ed●…lwald
took
place
,
but
in
●…he
6th
year
of
his
Reign
,
he
was
slain
by
A●…red
,
who
●…teped
thereupon
into
the
Throne
;
but
at
9
years
end
,
●…or
his
many
Violences
,
and
cruel
Dealings
,
he
was
,
●…y
his
Subjects
Expeled
the
Kingdom
,
and
Eth●…red
●…laced
in
the
Throne
;
but
he
being
twice
deposed
for
●…is
Misgovernment
,
was
at
last
slain
by
his
Subjects
,
●…nd
Alfwald
,
who
succeeded
him
,
after
he
had
Reigned
●…1
years
,
was
Murthered
by
the
Conspiracy
of
Siga
;
●…nd
Osred
succeeded
him
,
in
the
year
789
,
but
after
a
●…ears
Reign
,
his
Subjects
Expeled
him
the
Kingdom
.
Thus
the
Northumbers
Kingdom
Wavering
slood
,
Sometimes
in
Peace
,
some
times
in
War
and
Blood
,
There
's
nothing
stable
men
,
and
fortune
Change
,
Fates
unseen
Springs
,
can
Monarchys
unhinge
,
Or
make
a
Kingdom
to
a
Pesant
crindge
An
Account
of
the
Kingdom
of
Mercia
,
or
the
Midland
Kingdom
of
the
Saxons
,
with
the
Successon
of
Kings
.
THis
Kingdom
more
large
than
the
rest
,
contained
the
Counties
of
Rutland
,
Linco●
,
H●tington
,
●eicester
,
Derby
,
Notingham
,
Oxford
,
Ch●sh●re
,
●…●ire
,
Gloucestershire
,
Wor●●stershire
,
S●●●●ordshire
,
Becking●amshire
,
Warwickshire
,
Be●●●●●●shire
,
and
●…
●nd
frequently
contend●d
with
the
rest
;
for
the
sole
Monarchy
beginning
in
the
year
582
,
and
contin●●out
292
years
under
the
Succession
of
20
King●
;
in
●der
as
followeth
:
Crida
,
the
first
of
the
Mercian
Kings
,
began
his
Reign
582
;
and
being
a
very
w●●lik●
.
Prince
,
had
gr●sped
larger
part
of
the
Island
than
the
rest
,
holding
it
with
so
hard
a
hand
,
that
nothing
could
be
taken
from
him
,
during
his
Reign
of
12
years
.
Wibba
succeeded
him
in
the
Throne
,
who
greatly
perplexed
the
Britains
,
and
incroached
upon
the
Neighbour
Saxons●
But
when
he
had
reigned
20
years
he
dyed
,
and
Ceorle
took
place
,
but
did
nothing
of
moment
:
Hi●
Reign
lasted
only
ten
years
,
when
P●nda
the
Great
and
Warlike
King
of
the
Mercians
,
came
to
the
Throne
,
who
slew
in
a
pitch'd
Field
Edwin
and
Oswald
,
Kings
of
Northumberland
;
Sigesbert
,
Egfrid
and
Ema
,
Kings
of
the
East-Angles
;
and
Expulsed
Red●wald
,
King
of
the
West
Saxons
,
out
of
his
Countries
●…
But
Fortune
not
always
favouring
,
he
in
a
Battle
against
Oswye
,
King
of
the
Northumbers
,
ventering
t●
far
upon
his
late
Success
,
was
there
slain
,
when
he
ha●
reigned
about
32
years
.
This
great
King
thus
disasterously
fallen
,
Penda
●…
Wenda
took
upon
him
the
Government
,
and
becam●
the
first
Christian
King
of
Mercia
:
But
being
young
and
his
Step-Mother
desirous
to
prefer
her
own
So●
conspired
with
some
of
his
Nobles
against
him
,
an●
procured
him
to
be
murthered
in
the
Third
year
o●
his
Reign
,
but
missed
her
aim
;
for
Wolfere
,
a
secon●
Brother
,
was
placed
in
the
Throne
:
This
Prin●
conquer'd
the
West
Saxons
,
won
the
Isle
of
Wigl●
and
gave
it
to
the
King
of
the
South
Saxons
;
an●
altho
he
,
before
his
Conversion
,
had
caused
his
tw●
Sons
to
be
put
to
death
,
for
suffering
themselves
●…
be
Baptized
,
he
becoming
a
Christian
,
greatly
●…
mented
that
Cruelty
,
and
caused
the
Heathen
Temples
to
be
converted
to
the
Worship
of
God
,
and
held
to
found
the
Abby
Church
of
Peterborough
:
Y●
he
reigned
but
Four
years
,
being
the
Seventh
pet●
Monarch
of
the
Mercians
.
Ethelred
succeed
him
●…
the
Throne
,
and
warred
upon
the
King
of
Kent
wi●
great
fury
,
insomuch
,
that
Blood
was
shed
like
W●ter
;
nor
did
the
Churches
,
or
Abbies
,
escape
his
Rag●
putting
W●lfridus
out
of
his
Bishoprick
of
Northumberlan●
:
But
at
last
he
resigned
his
Crown
to
Kenr●
his
Nephew
,
from
whom
he
had
unjustly
detained
it
,
and
structen
with
remorse
for
the
Blood
he
had
shed
;
●…e
turned
Monk
,
and
dyed
in
that
state
;
his
Reign
,
however
,
continued
29
years
,
and
in
that
space
two
●…lazing
Stars
appeared
.
Ke●red
coming
to
the
Throne
,
held
the
Scepter
of
●he
Mercian
Kingdom
in
much
peace
Four
years
,
and
●…hen
falling
into
a
Melancholly
,
he
coveted
a
Mona●…tical
Life
,
&
resigning
the
Crown
to
his
Cousin
Chelred
:
He
went
to
Rome
with
Offa
,
King
of
the
East
Saxons
,
●…nd
Edwin
,
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
and
there
dyed
a
Monk
.
Chelred
succeeding
Ki●…red
,
found
a
trouble●…ome
Reign
,
for
he
was
fiercely
warred
upon
by
In●…s
,
King
of
the
West
Saxons
,
who
greatly
envyed
him
:
●…o
large
a
Kingdom
his
Reign
continued
Seven
years
,
●…&
he
was
succeeded
by
Ethelbald
,
who
greatly
perplexed
●…he
Northumbers
,
by
making
Incursions
into
their
Country
,
which
occasioned
C●…thred
,
King
of
the
West
●…axons
,
to
give
him
Battle
,
and
overthrew
him
at
●…urford
:
But
ingaging
him
a
second
time
,
Ethelbald
●…o
dealt
with
the
West
Saxon
Soldiers
,
that
they
slew
●…heir
Master
near
Tamworth
in
Warwickshire
.
This
King
founded
the
Monastery
of
Crowland
,
and
reigned
over
the
Mercian
Kingdom
Eleven
years
,
and
then
gave
●…lace
to
Offa
,
who
warred
upon
●…rick
,
King
of
Kent
,
●…nd
slew
him
at
Ottef●…rd
and
so
marching
from
South
●…o
North
,
brought
all
in
subjection
,
as
he
passed
,
over●…rowing
Kenwolf
,
and
his
West
Saxons
,
near
Merton
;
●…nd
made
a
Ditch
of
prodigeous
length
and
breadth
●…o
be
cast
up
,
to
hinder
the
Incursions
of
the
Welsh
●…ritains
,
who
presuming
to
throw
a
part
of
it
down
,
●…e
entered
their
Territories
with
Fire
and
Sword
,
●…ew
Marmodius
their
King
,
and
all
his
Associetes
;
●…nd
the
Danes
landing
in
his
time
,
were
beat
back
●…ith
great
slaughter
:
He
it
was
that
procured
,
at
●…reat
cost
,
the
Canonization
of
Alban
,
the
Proto
●…artyr
of
this
Kingdom
,
and
built
a
Monastry
in
the
Town
of
that
Name
,
giving
a
Tenth
part
of
his
●…oods
to
the
Church-men
and
Poor
,
as
an
Expiation
for
the
Blood
he
had
shed
:
He
began
his
Reign
,
An●…
758
,
and
continued
it
39
years
.
Egfrid
succeeded
thi●…
great
King
,
and
being
of
a
Pious
Inclination
,
he
restored
the
Church
to
all
her
Antient
Priviledges
,
o●…
which
his
Father
had
deprived
her
;
but
his
Reign
wa●…
short
,
for
it
exceeded
not
four
Months
.
Kenwolf
succeeded
this
good
Prince
,
and
began
hi●…
Reign
with
a
War
against
Kent
,
whose
King
he
mad●…
Prisoner
,
and
gave
his
Kingdom
to
Cuthred
;
but
at
th●…
Dedication
of
his
new
Church
at
Winchcomb
,
he
restored
his
Royal
Prisoner
to
Liberty
;
and
in
hi●…
22
years
Reign
did
many
great
Exploits
,
and
wa●…
succeeded
by
Kenelem
:
But
this
Prince
was
unfortunat●…
in
his
Youth
,
for
having
discovered
some
close
Intreagues
between
his
Tutor
and
Quindride
his
Sister
the
latter
to
prevent
his
reproofs
,
caused
the
forme●…
to
Murther
him
,
when
he
had
Reigned
about
thre●…
Months
;
and
Cleolwolf
,
who
succeeded
him
,
reigne●…
but
a
year
before
he
was
Expulsed
his
Kingdom
by
his
Subjects
,
at
the
Instigation
of
Bernulf
,
who
ther●…
upon
stepped
into
the
Throne
;
but
being
warred
upon
by
the
West
Saxons
,
and
East
Angles
,
he
was
slai●…
in
Battle
the
Third
year
of
his
Reign
,
Anno
831
;
an●…
Ludecan
,
who
succeeded
him
,
felt
the
like
Fate
i●…
the
Second
year
of
his
Reign
,
from
Egbert
the
We●…
Saxon
,
in
Conjunction
with
the
East
Angles
.
Witl●…
the
next
King
of
the
Mercians
,
was
overcome
●…
Egbert
,
and
forced
to
flee
his
Kingdom
,
in
the
Thir●…
year
of
his
Reign
.
And
now
the
Danes
began
to
pe●…
plex
the
Coast
,
having
an
Eye
to
the
Conquest
●…
Britain
,
so
that
they
drove
Berthulf
,
who
succeede●…
W●…laf
,
out
of
the
Mercian
Kingdom
,
in
the
Thirteenth
year
of
his
Reign
:
And
although
Brudre●…
got
the
Possession
of
it
,
Anno
852
,
yet
they
kept
hi●…
in
continual
Alarums
;
and
,
notwithstanding
,
at
fi●…
he
was
Victorious
over
them
,
yet
they
returning
wit●…
greater
Force
,
he
was
forced
to
quit
the
Kingdom
when
he
had
reigned
about
Twenty
years
,
and
w●…
the
last
of
the
Saxon
petty
Monarchs
in
this
Kingdo●…
of
Mercia
.
Thus
Kingdoms
tost
by
fickle
Fortune's
hand
,
Must
Rise
and
Fall
,
yet
ne'er
are
at
a
stand
:
Great
things
oppress
themselves
with
their
own
weight
,
And
still
must
yeild
to
the
Decrees
of
Fate
.
An
Account
of
the
Kingdom
of
the
East
Angles
,
with
their
Succession
of
Kings
,
&c.
THis
Kingdom
,
so
named
from
the
Angles
that
claimed
it
for
their
Portion
,
contained
Suffolk
,
Norfolk
,
Cambridge
,
and
the
Isle
of
Ely
,
and
took
upon
it
the
form
of
a
Kingdom
,
Anno
373
,
continuing
●53
years
,
and
had
the
Succession
of
Fifteen
Kings
,
of
whom
in
their
order
.
Uffa
was
the
first
King
of
the
East
Angles
,
who
●etled
and
founded
the
Kingdom
,
but
was
in
his
beginning
very
much
opposed
by
the
British
Princes
:
He
Reigned
Seven
years
,
and
gave
place
by
Death
to
Titulus
,
who
Reigned
a
longer
time
;
for
some
Authors
will
have
it
,
that
he
held
the
Scepter
of
this
Kingdom
about
32
years
.
Redwald
succeeded
him
,
●nd
altho
,
upon
his
coming
to
the
Throne
,
he
was
a
Christian
,
he
turned
Idolater
,
he
assisted
Edwin
to
gain
the
Crown
of
Northumberland
,
by
slaying
Ethel●ride
in
Battle
,
and
reigned
over
the
Angles
8
years
;
Expenwald
succeeded
him
.
This
King
professed
Chri●tianity
,
and
not
being
well
setled
in
his
Kingdom
●ne
Richebert
conspired
against
him
,
and
slew
him
,
when
he
had
reigned
Twelve
years
:
And
Sigebert
succeeded
him
,
being
a
younger
Son
of
Redwald
;
but
being
given
up
to
a
devout
Life
,
he
after
two
years
Reign
,
resigned
his
Kingdom
,
and
turned
Monk
:
But
that
place
could
not
secure
his
Life
,
for
he
was
●lain
by
Penda
.
Egrick
,
upon
the
resignation
,
took
up
the
Scepter
,
yet
he
reigned
but
four
years
,
before
Penda
overcome
his
Country
,
and
slew
him
in
Battle
.
Anna
succeeded
him
,
but
after
a
Twelve
years
Reign●…
Penda
,
who
was
a
mortal
Enemy
to
the
Angles
,
cam●…
again
,
overcome
and
slew
him
.
Upon
the
unfortunate
falls
of
these
last
Kings
,
E●…theibert
got
into
the
Throne
,
as
a
favourite
of
Penda's
but
he
had
not
reigned
about
Two
years
,
when
O●…win
,
King
of
the
Northcumbers
slew
him
in
Battle
,
fo●…
taking
part
with
Penda
against
him
:
And
Edelwa●…
succeeded
in
the
Throne
,
yet
he
reigned
only
Eigh●…
year●…
before
he
gave
place
to
Aldu●…
,
who
reigne●…
Nineteen
years
,
and
then
E●…swo●f
succeeded
in
a
Reig●…
of
Seven
years
.
Beorn
reigned
after
him
Twenty
fo●…
years
,
and
then
gave
place
to
Ethelred
,
who
reigne●…
Thirty
five
year●…
,
yet
there
is
nothing
memorably
recorded
of
their
Actions
.
And
now
these
petty
Kingdoms
growing
to
a
period
,
Ethe●…bert
began
his
Reign●…
but
having
displeased
the
bloody
Quindride
,
Wife
t●…
Offa
King
of
the
Mercians
,
she
prevailed
with
he●…
Husband
to
send
for
him
,
under
pretence
of
givin●…
him
one
of
his
Daughters
in
Marriage
;
but
having
got
him
in
her
power
,
she
caused
him
to
be
put
t●…
death
,
when
he
had
reigned
Forty
five
years
,
an●…
was
succeeded
by
Edmund
,
in
whose
time
the
Danes
cam●…
over
in
great
numbers
,
burning
and
destroying
before
them
;
insomuch
,
that
the
King
was
obliged
to
shu●…
himself
up
in
Framingham
Castle
,
and
after
a
lon●…
Seige
surrendred
it
:
But
the
Pagan
Danes
,
not
regarding
their
Faith
,
having
stripped
the
poor
King
,
fin●…
beat
him
with
C●dgels
,
then
scourged
him
,
and
afte●…
that
,
tying
him
to
a
Stake
,
shot
him
to
death
with
Arrows
,
whilst
with
much
Patience
and
Devotion
he
suffered
the
usage
,
calling
upon
the
name
of
Jesu●…
and
recommending
his
Soul
to
his
Redeemer
;
th●…
years
of
his
Reign
are
doubtfully
mention'd
,
however
he
began
to
Reign
over
the
East
.
Angles
,
An●…
794
;
he
was
afterwards
cannonized
a
Saint
,
and
th●…
Town
of
St.
Edmunds-bury
still
remains
in
remembrance
of
him
.
Thus
you
the
Saxon
Hepterchie
may
view
,
How
first
it
rise
,
and
to
a
period
drew
,
To
rise
more
glorious
in
what
does
eus●e
.
The
Saxon
Government
,
under
sole
Monarchs
,
with
the
Succession
if
Kings
,
their
Reigns
and
Actions
.
THe
Hepterchie
of
the
Saxons
appearing
very
troublesome
in
their
continual
Wars
amongst
themselves
,
and
those
of
the
Danes
and
British
Princes
,
who
still
held
out
,
the
chief
of
the
last
that
●…pposed
them
,
during
their
petty
Kingdoms
,
were
●…ortimer
,
Son
of
Vortinger
,
who
reigned
Four
years
;
Aurelius
Ambrosius
,
who
reigned
Thirty
two
years
;
●…ter
Pendragon
his
Brother
,
who
reigned
Eighteen
●…ears
;
Arthure
,
of
whom
the
Monks
,
have
created
so
●…any
Fables
,
that
the
truth
of
his
Actions
are
doubtful
,
who
reigned
Twenty
six
years
;
Constantine
,
Son
●…f
Cador
,
Duke
of
Cornwal
,
and
Cousin
to
Arthur
,
who
●…eigned
Three
years
;
Aurelius
Conatus
,
who
reigned
Thirty
three
years
;
Vortiporus
,
who
reigned
Three
●…ears
;
Malgo
Cononus
,
who
reigned
Five
years
;
Care●…cus
,
who
reigned
Three
years
;
Cadwan
,
who
reigned
Twenty
two
years
;
Gadwallo
his
Son
,
who
reigned
forty
eight
years
,
and
Cadwallader
,
who
reigned
●…leven
years
:
These
were
the
Chief
,
of
the
British
Princes
,
who
opposed
the
Saxons
,
and
held
●…eir
Kingdom
for
the
most
part
,
in
Wales
and
the
Marches
,
giving
them
,
at
sundry
times
,
many
notable
●…verthrows
,
disputing
their
Country
with
the
Inva●…ers
,
till
their
Power
was
wasted
,
and
the
remainder
of
●…heir
People
compelled
to
betake
themselves
to
the
Mountains
and
Fastnesses
.
Egberts's
Fortune
prevail●…ng
he
united
the
seven
Kingdoms
into
one
,
and
be●…ame
the
first
sole
Saxon
Monarch
,
causing
himself
to
●…e
crowned
at
Winchesier
,
giving
the
whole
Country
the
Name
of
England
,
and
the
People
the
Epethit●…
of
English
.
In
the
Fourteen
year
of
his
Reign
,
th●…
Danes
with
thirty
three
Ships
landed
in
England
,
t●…
whom
he
gave
battle
with
such
Forces
,
as
on
the
sudden
could
be
raised
,
but
was
worsted
,
loosing
two
Dukes
,
two
Bishops
,
and
most
of
the
Common
Soldiers
,
he
hardly
escaping
the
Field
,
yet
afterwards
th●…
Danes
were
driven
to
their
Country
;
but
not
so
much
discouraged
,
as
to
hinder
their
landing
in
Wales
th●…
next
year
,
and
there
they
joyned
the
poor
remainde●…
of
the
Britains
:
But
the
King
being
aware
,
had
more
time
to
draw
his
Forces
together
,
when
giving
then
battle
,
he
overthrew
both
parties
;
yet
not
long
after
th●…
Danes
sacked
the
Isle
of
Shippy
,
and
were
not
with
out
much
slaughter
expelled
.
This
was
the
Seventeenth
King
of
the
West
Saxon●…
and
First
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
beginning
h●…
Reign
as
Monarch
819
,
and
reigned
Seventeen
year●…
much
improving
and
increasing
the
welfare
of
th●…
Kingdom
.
Ethelwolf
the
Second
sole
Monarch
,
eldest
Son
●…
Egbert
,
began
his
Reign
,
Anno
837
,
and
was
in
h●…
Fathers
time
Bishop
of
Winchester
:
But
being
in
●…
manner
constrained
to
take
upon
him
the
Government
,
he
resigned
his
Bishoprick
to
Swith●…n
his
Tut●…
and
gave
a
great
overthrow
to
the
Danes
at
Ocl●…
freeing
the
Church
Lands
from
all
Trib●…tes
and
R●…gal
Services
;
and
going
to
Rome
,
at
the
Bishop's
pe●…swasion
,
he
confirmed
Peter-pence
,
and
setled
a
yea●…ly
Pension
of
Three
hundred
Marks
upon
the
R●…
man
See
,
and
continued
his
Reign
about
Twen●…
years
.
Ethelbald
succeeded
Ethelwolf
,
being
his
eldest
S●…
by
his
Wife
Osburge
,
who
was
his
Butlers
Daughte●…●…
his
Valiant
Actions
sufficiently
appeared
against
t●…
Danes
in
his
Fathers
Reign
;
but
that
which
bloted
●…
great
Actions
was
his
Marrying
Judith
,
Danghter
●…
the
French
King
,
and
his
Mother-in-law
:
But
●…
reigned
only
two
years
,
and
was
the
Third
sole
M●…narch
of
the
English
Men.
Ethelbert
,
the
second
Son
to
Ethelwofe
,
succeeded
●…is
Brother
,
Anno
860
,
he
was
continually
alarumed
●…y
the
Danes
,
who
finding
the
pleasantness
of
the
●…ingdom
,
compared
with
their
Rocky
Land
,
came
in
warms
,
sometimes
landing
in
one
place
,
and
some●…mes
in
another
,
and
destroyed
W●…nchester
;
but
the
●…ople
gathering
in
great
numbers
,
and
falling
upon
●…em
before
they
could
recover
their
Ships
,
most
of
●…em
were
slain
:
He
reigned
Five
years
,
and
then
●…ave
place
to
Ethelred
,
in
whose
Reign
the
Danes
and
Norwig●…ans
got
more
and
more
footing
,
and
being
Pagans
,
●…ed
all
manner
of
Rapin
and
Violence
,
deslowring
Virgins
,
and
ravishing
Women
,
not
sparing
the
Veiled
Nun
,
but
destroyed
the
Abbies
and
Mona●…eries
;
so
that
to
save
their
Chastity
,
by
the
advice
●…f
their
Abbess
,
the
Nuns
of
Codingham
Monastery
●…ut
off
their
Noses
and
upper
Lips
,
to
render
them●…elves
deformed
,
and
that
the
frightful
spectacle
might
●…ay
the
Lusts
of
the
inflamed
Danes
;
but
it
prevailed
●…ot
,
for
the
Monsters
having
first
deflowred
them
,
●…ut
them
to
the
Sword
,
and
set
the
House
on
fire
,
●…nd
so
proceeded
under
the
leading
of
Hungar
and
Hub●…a
,
their
Commanders
in
chief
,
to
burn
the
City
of
●…ork
,
committing
extraordinary
Outrages
and
Vio●…ences
:
But
Ethelred
at
length
gave
them
a
great
over●…hrow
slaying
one
of
their
Dukes
,
or
petty
Kings
,
with
nine
Earls
,
and
a
great
many
common
Soldiers
:
●…ut
about
eighteen
days
after
,
being
recruited
with
●…sh
Forces
,
they
put
the
King
to
slight
at
Basing
,
●…nd
about
two
Months
after
wounded
,
and
overthrew
●…im
at
Merton
,
of
which
wound
he
dyed
,
when
he
had
●…eigned
about
Six
years
;
and
was
succeeded
by
Elfride
,
fourth
Son
to
Ethelwolf
,
who
fought
seven
Battles
with
various
success
against
the
Danes
;
for
in
●…is
time
they
sorely
oppressed
the
Land
,
insomuch
●…hat
the
High-ways
were
unfrequented
,
and
the
Ground
●…n
most
places
Untilled
,
and
the
King
himself
obliged
●…o
flee
into
Woods
,
and
Desart
places
,
but
in
the
end
,
weary
of
that
solitude
,
he
put
himself
in
the
Hab●…
of
a
Musician
,
under
which
disguise
he
discovered
t●…
sluggish
security
of
the
Danes
in
their
Camp
,
whe●…
upon
secretly
rallying
his
scattered
People
,
he
su●…prised
them
in
that
manner
,
killing
a
great
number
●…
them
,
and
taking
their
Standard
:
And
more
Da●…
attempting
to
land
in
Devonshire
under
Halden
th●…
Captain
,
the
people
rise
generally
in
Arms
,
and
falli●…
upon
them
near
Exeter
,
kill'd
the
Captain
,
and
8●…
of
his
Followers
.
This
King
caused
all
Thieves
to
banished
,
and
divided
the
Kingdom
into
Shires
,
Hundred
and
Tythings
,
he
founded
the
first
common
Scho●…
in
Oxford
,
which
is
now
called
University
Colledg●…
and
continued
his
Reign
Twenty
nine
years
.
Edward
,
the
Eldest
Son
of
Elfride
succeeded
him
and
began
his
Reign
901
,
when
soon
after
he
came
●…
the
Throne
,
his
Nephew
Ethelwald
stirred
up
●…
Subjects
to
rebel
against
him
,
but
they
were
quiet●…
without
much
trouble
;
yet
the
Danes
were
still
●…
possession
of
one
part
of
the
Country
,
which
ma●…
the
King
build
a
strong
Castle
at
Hartford
,
and
mar●…
against
them
,
when
at
St.
Edmuns
Ditch
he
gave
the●…
Battle
,
but
prevailed
not
,
however
,
in
that
Mort●…
Battle
two
of
their
Kings
,
viz.
Ethelwald
and
Croc●…cus
were
slain
:
And
soon
after
he
gave
them
anoth●…
Battle
at
Wodesfield
with
a
great
overthrow
,
killi●…
two
other
of
their
Kings
,
and
two
Earls
,
with
abo●…
4000
Common
Soldiers
:
He
reigned
Twenty
fo●…
years
and
gave
place
to
Etheistance
,
who
began
his
Reign
923
;
his
Subject
upon
his
coming
to
the
Crown
,
rose
in
Mutine
unde●…
Elfrede
a
Norman
,
but
the
Ring-leader
taken
,
and
se●…
to
purge
himself
,
they
were
quieted
;
yet
he
was
●…
jealous
of
his
Brother
Edwin
,
that
he
consented
●…
his
being
murthered
,
which
created
in
him
such
remorse
,
that
he
caused
his
Murtherers
to
be
put
●…
death
,
and
had
like
,
soon
after
,
to
have
been
slain
●…
his
Tent
by
one
Anlafe
a
Dane
,
but
by
a
lucky
r●…moval
he
escaped
,
and
a
Bishop
,
who
had
pitched
●…
●…ent
on
the
same
Ground
,
was
assaulted
and
slain
.
●…fter
he
had
killed
many
of
the
Danes
with
his
own
●…nd
,
as
well
Nobles
as
Plebeans
,
and
having
●…yed
their
fury
,
he
had
leisure
to
pass
into
Scotland
●…th
a
powerful
.
Army
,
and
brought
that
Kingdom
●…o
subjection
:
But
upon
his
return
,
he
found
the
●…nes
had
strengthened
themselves
,
yet
he
routed
them
●…ar
Winchester
,
and
in
this
contest
,
it
is
reported
,
Guy
●…rl
of
Warwick
sought
with
Colbron
,
the
Danish
Gi●…t
of
mighty
seize
,
and
slew
him
hand
to
hand
,
as
●…e
Kings
Champion
in
single
Combat
;
and
so
far
read
the
fame
of
this
King
,
that
Historians
report
●…ut
with
what
credit
I
know
not
)
that
Hugh
King
●…
France
,
greatly
desirous
of
his
friendship
,
sent
him
●…e
Sword
of
Constantine
the
Great
,
which
had
in
its
●…ile
one
of
the
Nails
that
fastened
Christ
to
the
Cross
;
likewise
his
Spear
,
which
was
that
with
which
Lo●…●…us
peirced
his
side
with
a
piece
of
the
Thorny
Crown
●…
wore
,
that
Otho
the
Emperor
sent
him
a
Landskip
●…
with
precious
Stones
,
and
the
King
of
Norway
a
●…ip
with
guilt
Decks
,
and
Purple
Sails
,
he
reigned
●…een
years
,
and
was
the
Eldest
Son
to
King
Ed●…d
.
Edmund
the
fifth
Son
of
King
Edward
,
succeeded
his
●…other
Anno
940.
he
fought
sundry
Battels
with
vari●…s
success
against
the
Danes
,
and
his
Son
Dunmail
re●…lling
against
him
,
he
caused
his
Eyes
to
be
put
out
;
●…
was
Crowned
at
Kingstone
upon
Thames
,
his
picture
●…
memory
of
it
being
still
preserved
in
the
Church
●…ith
many
other●…
,
his
Successors
he
made
many
whol●…m
Laws
,
but
interposing
,
as
some
Authors
have
it
,
●…tween
two
Deuelists
,
he
was
unfortunately
run
●…rough
after
he
had
reigned
six
years
.
Edred
succeeding
Edmund
Anno
946.
the
Danes
be●…n
to
gather
courage
not
without
being
privately
a●…mated
by
some
treacherous
English
,
and
amongst
●…em
Weelstan
Arch-Bishop
of
York
;
so
that
●…
the
●…
caused
himself
to
be
Crowned
King
of
Northum●…rland
,
against
whom
Edred
marched
with
a
great
Army
,
but
had
the
Rear
of
it
surprised
by
the
underhand
dealing
of
Woelstan
;
however
,
he
made
his
party
good
,
put
the
Danes
to
the
rout
,
and
returned
with
victory
.
He
made
St.
Germans
in
Cornwal
a
Bishops
See
,
which
was
by
Canute
the
Dane
translated
to
Credington
,
and
at
last
setled
at
Exeter
by
Edmund
the
Confessor
,
where
●it
at
present
remains
.
This
Edred
was
Tenth
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
and
reigned
Nine
years
.
Edwy
succeeded
Edred
,
Anno
955
,
and
was
crowned
at
Kingston
upon
Thames
,
where
it
is
repoted
he
committed
Adultery
with
a
great
Lady
,
his
near
Kinswoman
,
in
the
sight
of
his
Nobles
,
and
afterwards
caused
her
Husband
to
be
slain
,
that
he
might
more
freely
enjoy
her
:
He
thrust
out
the
Monks
,
and
put
married
Priests
in
the
places
of
those
that
affected
a
single
Life
;
Banished
Dunstan
,
who
is
now
stiled
a
Saint
,
and
the
same
that
is
reported
to
have
taken
a
shee
Devil
by
the
Nose
,
with
a
pair
of
Tongues
,
for
disturbing
him
at
his
Forge
.
These
things
turned
the
Peoples
Affections
against
the
King
,
to
a
degree
of
laying
him
aside
,
and
swearing
Fealty
to
Edgar
,
which
made
him
pine
to
death
,
after
he
had
Rul'd
Four
years
,
and
was
buried
in
the
New
Abby
Church
at
Winchester
.
Edgar
began
his
Reign
,
Anno
159
,
he
recalled
Dunstan
,
and
outed
the
married
Priests
,
making
a
Penalty
against
Drunkenness
;
and
the
Land
at
that
time
being
pestered
with
Wolves
,
he
laid
a
yearly
Tribute
of
three
hundred
Wolves
Heads
upon
the
Prince
of
Wales
,
and
upon
the
Noble-men
and
Free-holders
,
according
to
the
largeness
of
their
Possessions
,
so
that
in
a
few
years
they
were
all
destroyed
:
He
made
it
his
business
once
a
year
,
to
ride
the
Circuit
of
his
Kingdom
,
to
inquire
of
Abuses
done
by
his
Judges
in
Illegal
Actings
,
or
those
that
were
done
by
private
Persons
one
to
another
,
inflicting
severe
punishments
on
such
as
he
found
tardy
;
yet
he
have
himself
up
to
prodigeous
Lust
,
insomuch
,
that
casting
his
Eyes
upon
any
Women
he
liked
,
he
would
have
his
satisfaction
by
fair
means
or
force
;
and
killed
Ethelwald
an
Earl
,
and
one
of
his
principal
Courtiers
with
a
Spear
,
as
he
was
hunting
in
the
Forest
,
because
he
had
married
a
beauteous
Lady
,
Daughter
to
Duke
Orgarus
,
when
he
had
sent
him
to
fetch
her
for
his
own
use
,
and
then
took
her
to
Wife
:
He
deflowred
a
Nun
,
called
Wolfe-child
,
and
got
on
her
a
hopeful
Brat
,
which
was
afterwards
Sainted
by
the
name
of
Edith
;
and
afterwards
another
Nun
,
called
Ethelflede
,
on
whom
he
begot
his
Son
Edward
,
who
succeeded
him
;
he
had
peace
,
except
a
little
bickering
with
the
Welsh
,
all
his
Reign
,
feared
a
broad
and
at
home
,
having
the
greatest
Navy
of
any
King
before
him
,
some
Authors
reporting
it
consisted
of
Three
thousand
Ships
:
He
was
crown'd
at
Kingston
upon
Thames
by
Otho
,
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
reigned
sixteen
years
.
Edward
,
the
Thirteenth
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
began
his
Reign
,
Anno
975
,
and
was
usher'd
in
by
a
Famine
and
a
Blazing
Star
,
with
great
contentions
between
the
Monks
and
Married
Priests
:
Dunstan
taking
taking
part
with
the
former
,
and
Duke
Alfarus
with
the
latter
,
and
meeting
to
Dispute
in
an
upper
Room
,
the
press
being
great
,
the
Flour
fell
down
,
and
many
were
wounded
,
only
Dunstan's
Chair
stood
fixed
upon
a
Post
,
which
gave
such
credit
to
the
Monks
,
who
without
doubt
had
contrived
the
sinking
of
the
Four
,
as
appeared
by
the
Chair
,
being
fixed
,
that
they
gained
the
point
,
and
the
Married
Priests
were
turned
out
,
suffering
great
necessity
,
no
Man
daring
to
entertain
or
relieve
them
:
Soon
after
this
,
the
King
going
a
Hunting
,
and
being
near
the
Castle
of
Queen
Elfreda
,
his
Mother-in-Law
,
he
separated
from
his
Company
,
and
went
to
pay
her
,
and
her
Son
,
a
visit
:
But
the
treacherous
Queen
to
advance
her
own
,
caused
one
of
her
Servants
to
stab
him
in
the
Back
,
whilst
he
was
drinking
on
Horseback
at
her
Gate
;
whereupon
turning
his
Horse
he
fled
the
farther
Treachery
,
but
not
finding
his
retinue
,
he
through
loss●
of
blood
fainted
,
and
falling
in
the
next
Wood
,
expired
when
he
had
reigned
four
Years
.
Ethelred
the
Son
of
Edgar
,
and
Elfreda
succeeded
Edward
,
who
for
his
slowness
in
Affairs
,
was
Nick-named
,
The
Unready
;
he
was
Crowned
at
Kingstone
upon
Thames
,
the
ordinary
Seat
of
the
Saxon
Monarchs
,
and
upon
his
Coronation
day
a
Cloud
was
seen
throughout
England
,
half
resembling
Blood
,
and
half
Fire
;
and
in
the
third
year
of
his
Reign
,
the
Danes
Landed
in
divers
parts
of
this
Kingdom
,
committing
great
Outrages
,
and
much
about
the
same
time
,
a
great
part
of
London
was
laid
in
Ashes
.
The
King
not
being
able
to
oppose
the
Torrent
of
the
Danish
power
,
compounded
a
Peace
for
10000
Pounds
a
Year
;
but
finding
their
Advantage
,
they
soon
raised
it
to
40000
l
which
〈◊〉
heavy
upon
the
Nation
,
and
was
called
Danes
Guilt
,
o●
Danes
Money
,
nor
did
this
suffice
them
,
but
they
pillaged
,
and
ravag'd
the
Country
so
extreamly
,
that
the
King
to
free
his
Sublects
from
the
Oppressions
they
groaned
under
,
gave
them
private
notice
on
St.
Brices
day
to
fall
upon
the
Danes
in
all
the
Cities
and
Towns
where
they
quartered
,
which
was
done
with
so
much
secresie
,
that
most
of
them
were
cut
off
,
this
being
done
on
the
13
of
November
,
Anno
1002.
the
News
flew
into
Denmark
,
whereupon
new
swarms
came
over
,
under
the
Leading
of
Swanus
,
who
destroyed
all
before
them
with
Fire
and
Sword
,
in
such
a
terrible
manner
,
that
the
People
fled
to
the
Woods
,
and
Mountains
,
and
although
the
King
bought
his
Peace
at
the
price
of
30000
Pounds
,
yet
not
long
after
they
flew
900
Monks
and
such
as
were
of
Religious
Orders
in
Canterbury
,
and
having
gotten
a
great
sum
of
Money
from
the
Archbishop
Aphegus
for
his
Ransom
,
they
notwithstanding
ston●d
him
at
Greenwich
,
so
that
the
King
perceiving
their
treachery
,
and
cruel
dealing
,
and
that
he
was
no
ways
capable
of
opposing
their
fury
,
he
sent
Emma
his
wise
with
her
two
Sons
,
to
her
Brother
Richard
Duke
of
●●●mandy
,
and
soon
after
left
the
Kingdom
to
follow
them
,
but
Swanus
being
stabbed
by
his
own
Me●
,
and
Canutus
his
Son
set
up
in
his
stead
.
Ethelred
returned
,
but
finding
many
Treasonable
Designs
carried
on
against
him
by
Edricus
one
of
his
Dukes
,
and
a
powerful
Enemy
in
the
Land
which
he
was
no
ways
able
to
oppose
,
he
died
for
grief
when
he
had
Reigned
thirty
seven
years
,
and
was
the
fourteenth
sole
Monarch
of
England
.
Edmund
the
Eldest
Son
of
Ethelred
Sirnamed
Ironside
,
succeeded
him
Anno
1016.
and
was
Crowned
at
Kingstone
upon
Thames
,
by
Livingus
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
,
though
Canute
then
Reigned
as
King
at
Southampton
.
This
Edmund
gave
the
Danes
many
Battels
,
and
being
of
a
hardy
and
couragious
temper
,
he
great●y
raised
the
drooping
hearts
of
his
Subjects
,
raising
the
Siege
of
London
,
and
worsting
their
Army
four
times
in
open
fight
,
so
that
Canute
having
Challenged
him
to
a
single
Duel
,
for
the
Kingdom
he
loyfully
accepted
the
offer
,
so
that
going
into
an
Island
called
Alney
near
Glocester
,
they
fought
valiantly
,
but
Canute
finding
himself
over
matched
,
and
having
received
some
dangerous
Wounds
,
he
desired
a
Parly
,
which
being
granted
,
he
said
,
What
should
move
us
,
most
Valiant
Prince
,
that
for
the
obtaining
of
a
Title
we
should
thus
indanger
our
Lives
,
better
it
were
to
lay
Malice
and
Weapons
aside
,
and
to
condescend
to
a
Loving
Agreement
:
Let
us
now
therefore
become
sworn
Brothers
,
and
divide
the
Kingdom
between
us
,
in
such
League
of
Amity
,
that
each
may
use
the
other
as
his
own
,
so
shall
the
Land
be
peaceably
governed
,
and
we
joyfully
assist
each
other
in
necessity
.
Upon
these
words
,
they
threw
down
their
Arms
,
and
embraced
as
Friends
in
the
fight
of
both
Armys
,
so
that
the
Kingdom
being
divided
,
Edmund
had
the
South
,
and
Canute
the
North
;
but
in
a
while
after
,
Edrick
the
Treacherous
Duke
,
who
had
betrayed
the
Councels
of
Edmund
,
thinking
to
ingratiate
himself
with
the
Danes
,
run
a
Spear
into
the
Body
of
the
King
as
he
was
easing
himself
,
and
having
by
that
means
killed
him
,
he
cut
off
his
Head
,
and
hastening
with
i●
to
Canute
,
he
cryed
,
Hallsole
Monarch
of
England
,
behold
the
Head
of
thy
Copartner
;
upon
which
Canute
promised
to
advance
him
above
all
the
Nobles
of
England
,
but
whilst
the
Traytor
was
big
with
expectation
of
honour
and
preferment
he
caused
him
to
be
Arrested
,
and
cutting
off
his
Head
fixed
it
on
the
Tower
,
advancing
him
in
that
sense
as
he
deserved
.
This
Edmund
was
Third
Son
of
Ethelfrid
,
and
Fifteenth
sole
Monarch
,
his
Reign
exceeded
not
a
year
.
Thus
the
Great
Saxon
Monarchy
did
yield
,
And
with
her
slaughtered
King
gave
up
the
Field
,
To
the
Blood-thirsty
Danes
but
three
short
Reigns
,
Bring
back
the
Saxons
and
expire
the
Danes
.
The
Danish
Monarchy
over
England
,
and
what
remarkably
happened
in
the
Reigns
of
the
three
Danish
Kings
,
&c.
THe
Original
of
the
Danes
as
indeed
all
Originals
is
variously
reported
by
Historians
,
some
will
have
that
People
derived
from
the
Scythians
,
and
others
from
Scandia
an
Island
Northward
,
however
when
they
Invaded
England
,
they
were
populous
,
as
it
appears
by
their
continual
repairing
the
great
numbers
they
lost
for
their
first
Invasion
,
was
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
787
,
and
were
about
230
years
before
they
gained
the
sole
Monarchy
.
They
were
as
to
their
Religion
Pagans
.
Canute
their
first
sole
Monarch
was
Crowned
at
London
,
by
Livingus
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
,
Anno
1017.
he
upon
his
coming
to
the
Crown
Banished
Edwin
Son
of
Ethelred
,
and
sent
Edward
and
Edmund
,
the
two
Sons
of
Eumund
Ironside
to
his
Brother
then
King
of
Sweed●n
,
to
be
made
away
,
and
proceeded
to
Mary
Queen
Emma
,
who
had
been
Wife
to
King
Ethelred
,
and
was
Sister
to
the
Duke
of
Normandy
,
upon
condition
the
Heir
gotten
on
her
Body
should
succeed
him
in
the
English
Throne
,
upon
which
he
assembled
the
Peers
in
Parliament
at
Oxford
,
and
there
made
many
good
Laws
,
establishing
the
Christian
Religion
,
injoyning
that
all
decent
Ceremonies
tending
to
Devotion
and
D●vine
Worship
,
should
be
observed
with
reverence
,
that
the
Lords
day
should
be
kept
holy
,
and
a
Clergyman
that
should
kill
a
Layman
,
or
be
found
guilty
of
any
other
notorious
Crime
,
should
be
deprived
of
his
Order
and
Dignity
.
A
married
Woman
committing
Adultery
,
to
have
her
Nose
and
Ears
cut
off
,
and
a
Widow
marrying
within
a
Twelvemonth
to
loose
her
Joynter
,
and
being
great
in
power
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
some
of
his
Flatterers
would
needs
go
about
to
perswade
him
,
that
not
only
the
Earth
but
the
Ocean
was
obedient
to
him
,
and
that
he
might
raise
or
calm
it
at
his
pleasure
,
and
he
then
being
at
Southampton
,
to
upbraid
them
caused
a
Chair
to
be
set
on
the
Sand
when
the
Sea
was
coming
in
,
and
placing
himself
in
it
commanded
the
Sea
to
retire
,
and
not
dare
to
wet
his
Garments
,
but
the
regardless
Waves
roaling
on
,
dashed
him
to
that
degree
,
that
he
was
forced
to
remove
when
turning
to
his
Parasites
he
said
,
You
well
now
perceive
all
the
might
and
power
of
Kings
is
but
vanity
,
for
none
is
worthy
to
have
the
name
of
King
,
but
he
that
keepeth
Heaven
Earth
and
Sea
in
obedience
to
his
Will
:
And
from
that
time
he
declined
to
wear
his
Crown
,
causing
it
to
be
placed
on
the
Head
of
Christs
Crucified
Imageat
Winchester
;
and
gave
many
large
Gifts
to
the
Church
and
Church-men
,
building
several
Churches
,
and
going
a
Pilgrimage
to
Rome
,
procured
the
taking
off
the
excessive
Charge
the
English
Arch-bishops
were
at
when
they
took
the
Pall.
He
Reigned
eighteen
years
,
and
was
the
16.
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
being
Buried
in
the
old
Monastery
at
Winchester
.
Harold
succeeded
his
Father
Canute
,
though
he
was
opposed
at
his
Enterance
by
Earl
Goodwin
;
he
was
likewife
Son
to
Queen
Emma
,
and
Crowned
at
Oxford
by
Elmothius
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
,
using
man●
D●
vices
to
get
Edward
and
Alfr●d
the
two
So
〈…〉
into
his
hunds
,
he
decoyed
over
the
latter
in
his
Mothers
Name
,
but
he
landing
,
in
hopes
to
be
joyned
with
the
promised
Forces
was
betrayed
by
Earl
Goodwin
,
and
the
King
setting
upon
his
small
Forces
at
Guilford
,
caused
them
all
except
every
tenth
man
to
be
slain
,
and
taking
.
Alfrid
alive
,
he
made
his
Eyes
be
put
out
,
and
fastening
one
end
of
his
Bowels
to
a
stake
,
he
was
pricked
round
with
Ponyards
till
such
time
as
he
had
drawn
out
his
Guts
,
and
so
died
this
poor
Prince
:
Nor
did
he
rest
here
,
but
proceeded
to
Banish
Queen
Emma
,
and
Confiscate
her
Goods
for
reproaching
him
with
the
Death
of
her
Son
.
This
Harrold
was
second
Son
of
Canute
,
and
the
seventeenth
sole
Monarch
of
England
;
he
began
his
Reign
Anno
1036
,
and
Reigned
four
years
,
being
buried
(
according
to
Stow
)
at
Westminster
.
Hardicanute
succeeded
Harrold
,
being
invited
over
from
Denmark
,
both
by
the
Danes
and
English
,
and
Crowned
at
London
by
Elnoth
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
,
he
caused
the
Body
of
Harrold
to
he
digged
up
,
and
cutting
off
the
Head
threw
it
into
the
Thames
,
but
it
being
found
by
some
Fisher-men
,
they
decently
Interred
it
in
St.
Clements-Danes
,
so
called
for
its
being
the
chief
Burial
place
of
the
Danes
.
This
King
was
given
much
to
Eating
and
Drinking
,
insomuch
,
that
he
caused
his
Tables
to
be
spread
four
times
a
day
with
all
manner
of
Dainties
,
and
raised
a
Tax
of
32147
pounds
to
maintain
a
great
Fleet
at
Sea
and
in
vain
Ostentation
Earl
Goodwin
sitted
out
one
with
a
Golden
stern
,
and
Men
compleatly
armed
with
guilt
Arms
and
Armour
,
but
the
King
hearing
the
Tax
was
denied
,
and
that
Thurston
and
Feader
,
two
of
his
Collectors
were
slain
by
the
people
at
Worcester
,
he
expulsed
the
Bishop
and
burnt
the
City
;
but
as
he
was
Revelling
at
a
Wedding
in
Lambeth
,
he
suddenly
f●ll
down
dead
,
when
he
had
reigned
about
two
years
:
He
was
third
Son
of
Canute
,
and
the
eighteenth
sole
Monarch
,
he
began
his
Reign
Anno
1040
,
and
was
〈◊〉
at
Win●r
,
and
with
him
fell
the
D●sh
Monarchy
in
England
,
and
the
Saxons
re-entered
to
the
no
small
Joy
of
the
people
,
Thus
Monarchies
and
Monarchs
rise
and
fall
,
Whilst
worldly
Pomp
is
Fortunes
Tennis-ball
.
The
Saxon
Monarchy
restored
,
&c.
HArdicanute
being
dead
,
Edward
the
seventh
Son
of
Ethelred
by
Queen
Emma
,
was
sent
for
out
of
Normandy
,
where
he
had
taken
Sanctuary
during
the
Danish
Monarchy
,
and
Crown'd
upon
his
Arrival
at
Winchester
by
Edsine
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
,
Anno
1042.
and
to
gain
the
greater
favour
of
the
people
he
remitted
the
Tax
of
40000
Pounds
a
year
,
which
had
for
40
years
been
levyed
upon
all
Lands
except
those
of
the
Clergy
,
by
the
Name
of
Dane-Guilt
,
and
the
better
to
settle
his
Kingdom
,
he
compiled
a
Body
of
wholsom
Laws
from
those
of
the
Mercians
,
West
Saxons
,
and
Danes
,
still
known
by
the
Title
of
Edward
the
Confessor's
Laws
written
in
Latin
,
his
Wars
were
only
with
the
Welsh
,
Irish
,
and
some
Danes
,
but
those
very
inconsiderable
,
yet
Earl
Goodwin
being
very
powerful
,
joyned
with
his
Sons
against
him
,
and
in
January
a
very
deep
Snow
falling
,
which
covered
the
Earth
,
till
the
middle
of
March
,
the
Cattle
,
and
Fowls
of
the
Air
were
starved
in
abundance
,
and
the
Summer
produced
Lightnings
that
burnt
up
the
Corn
,
whereupon
a
Famine
ensued
,
and
the
King
(
at
the
Instigation
of
Goodwin
,
and
Robert
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
,
seized
upon
his
Mothers
Jewels
,
and
committed
her
Prisoner
to
the
Abbey
of
Warwick
,
putting
her
to
undergo
the
Law
Ordalium
,
which
is
to
pass
over
nine
hot
Plow-shares
with
naked
feet
,
and
blindfold
,
laid
about
a
yard
asunder
,
which
she
did
without
touching
them
before
she
knew
she
was
come
to
the
place
;
so
that
a
reconciliation
hereupon
ensued
,
and
this
manner
of
tryal
was
by
way
of
Purgation
for
such
as
were
suspected
of
Incontinency
,
he
Imprisoned
her
for
Marrying
Canute
and
not
assisting
him
and
his
Brothers
in
their
Extremity
.
In
this
Kings
Reign
a
great
Earth-quake
happened
,
and
Earl
Goodwin
was
choaked
at
the
King's
Table
with
a
piece
of
Bread
,
which
he
wished
might
choak
him
if
he
had
any
hand
in
the
Death
of
Alfrid
the
Kings
Brother
.
He
is
accounted
the
first
King
that
ever
Cured
the
King's-Evil
,
he
Marry'd
Edith
Daughter
to
Goodwin
,
a
very
Beautiful
Lady
,
but
had
no
Children
by
her
,
being
reported
never
to
have
Carnally
known
her
,
and
seeing
a
needy
Courtier
come
into
his
Chamber
one
Morning
as
he
lay
in
Bed
with
the
Curtains
drawn
,
and
take
as
much
Money
out
of
his
Coffer
as
he
could
carry
,
he
suffered
it
without
speaking
,
but
upon
his
third
coming
he
reproved
him
of
Covetousness
,
charging
him
to
be
gone
,
for
if
Hugoline
his
Treasurer
should
come
and
seize
him
in
the
Fact
,
he
would
be
sure
to
stretch
for
it
,
and
scarce
was
he
gone
when
the
Treasuaer
,
who
had
casually
left
open
the
Coffer
,
came
,
and
appeared
in
a
great
Consternation
at
the
loss
;
but
the
King
bid
him
not
trouble
himself
,
for
he
that
took
it
had
most
need
of
it
:
And
lying
soon
after
upon
his
Death-Bed
,
perceiving
those
that
stood
about
him
to
weep
,
he
said
,
If
you
loved
me
you
would
not
weep
,
but
rejeyce
because
I
go
to
my
Father
,
with
whom
I
shall
receive
the
Joys
promised
to
the
Faithful
,
not
through
my
merite
,
but
the
free
mercy
of
my
Saviour
,
who
sheweth
mercy
on
whom
he
pleases
.
And
giving
up
the
Ghost
he
was
buried
at
Westminster
,
when
he
had
Reigned
20
Years
and
6
Months
,
and
27
Days
;
he
rebuilt
St.
Peter's
Westminster
,
and
St.
Margret's
Church
;
made
the
first
Great
Seal
,
and
was
the
19
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
called
the
Confessor
.
Harrold
Son
to
Earl
Goodwin
,
and
Sitha
his
Wife
Sister
to
Swain
the
younger
King
of
Denmark
,
was
upon
the
Death
of
King
Edward
taken
for
King
,
though
he
waved
the
Ceremony
of
this
Coronation
;
and
to
ingratiate
himself
with
the
People
,
lightened
the
Texes
and
Behaved
himself
Courteous
and
Affable
to
all
Men
,
but
he
had
not
long
held
the
Regal
Dignity
,
before
William
Duke
of
Normandy
sent
to
put
him
in
mind
of
his
Oath
,
which
was
made
during
his
Imprisonment
in
Normandy
,
whether
in
the
time
of
King
Edward
he
had
been
driven
by
stress
of
weather
,
importing
,
that
when
ever
Edward
died
he
should
secure
the
Kingdom
for
the
Norman
Duke
;
but
Harrold
urging
what
he
then
did
was
by
constraint
,
and
that
he
conceived
himself
not
obliged
to
stand
to
it
:
The
Duke
prepared
to
Invade
the
Kingdom
,
at
which
time
a
Dreadful
Commet
appeared
,
denouncing
the
Woes
and
Miseries
that
ensued
,
for
before
the
Normans
arrived
,
a
great
number
of
Danes
and
Norwigeans
landed
in
the
North
under
the
Leading
of
Testo
and
Harrold
Harfrager
King
of
Denmark
,
and
spoiling
the
Country
before
them
,
marched
to
York
,
which
constrained
the
King
to
draw
out
his
Army
,
but
being
about
to
pass
Stamford-bridge
,
built
over
the
River
Derwent
,
his
Forces
were
stopped
by
a
single
Dane
of
Gigantick
stature
and
strength
,
and
forty
of
his
Men
killed
in
attempting
to
remove
him
,
but
in
the
end
,
a
Soldier
getting
under
the
Bridge
in
a
Boat
,
run
his
Spear
through
a
Creuis
,
and
by
that
means
killed
him
,
so
that
the
Bridge
gained
the
King
gave
Battle
,
and
overthrew
the
Enemy
with
great
slaughter
,
killing
the
Danish
King
and
Tosto
his
Brother
,
and
Olave
the
Kings
Son
,
with
Paul
Earl
of
Orkney
,
were
taken
Prisoners
,
however
they
upon
earnest
supplication
were
suffered
to
depart
the
Kingdom
in
the
ships
that
brought
them
,
with
the
heavy
news
of
their
loss
,
but
the
King
had
scarce
time
to
consider
his
advantage
before
he
had
News
that
William
Duke
of
Normandy
was
Landed
with
50000
Men
at
Pevensey
in
Sussex
on
the
eigth
of
September
1066
,
and
fired
his
Fleet
,
to
put
his
Soldiers
out
of
hopes
of
return
,
which
made
Harrold
hasten
to
oppose
him
,
who
by
this
time
had
sent
a
Messenger
to
London
to
demand
the
Kingdom
,
but
they
dismissed
him
with
Threats
,
and
although
the
Duke
to
prevent
the
effusion
of
more
blood
,
proffered
to
fight
hand
to
hand
yet
the
King
refused
it
,
saying
,
It
should
be
tried
by
more
Swords
than
one
:
Whereupon
the
Armys
advancing
pitched
in
a
large
Plain
,
and
from
thence
the
King
sent
Spies
into
the
Dukes
Camp
,
who
being
taken
were
lead
from
Rank
to
Rank
,
and
made
to
take
a
perfect
survey
of
the
Army
,
and
so
dismissed
.
The
14th
of
October
1366
,
being
come
,
the
Armys
drew
out
,
and
faced
each
other
,
till
the
Trumpets
sounded
the
Charge
,
when
at
the
first
Encounter
the
Normans
were
forced
to
give
ground
and
retire
in
disorder
,
which
the
English
perceiving
,
and
thinking
the
Battle
won
carelesly
disranked
to
pursue
them
,
which
they
perceiving
and
taking
that
advantage
rallied
and
changed
the
face
of
Fortune
,
for
the
Normans
entering
the
loose
squadrons
,
overwhelmed
the
English
with
showers
of
Arrows
,
so
that
all
was
turned
to
Confusion
;
and
although
they
perceived
their
error
too
late
,
and
casting
themselves
into
a
Ring
stood
to
it
manfully
,
yet
the
King
as
he
was
rallying
them
being
slain
with
an
Arrow
that
pierced
his
Brain
,
as
likewise
his
two
Brothers
Leofin
and
Grith
,
with
most
of
the
English
Nobles
,
and
97974
Soldiers
,
the
rest
threw
down
their
Arms
,
ond
submitted
to
the
Conquerer
,
who
from
that
time
took
upon
him
the
Kingdom
.
This
Harrold
began
his
Reign
,
Anno
1065
,
and
Reigned
about
9
Months
and
9
Days
,
and
was
buried
at
Waltham
in
Essex
.
Thus
Fortunes
fickle
wheel
still
turning
round
,
Does
raise
to
Greatness
,
and
again
confound
.
The
Reigns
of
the
Kings
of
the
Norman
Race
,
and
first
of
William
(
usually
called
)
the
Conqueror
.
THe
Normans
knew
not
their
own
true
Original
,
but
found
themselves
a
mixed
People
,
composed
of
Norwigeans
,
Sweeds
,
and
Danes
,
taking
their
denomination
from
that
Northern
Climate
anciently
called
Cimbrica
Chersonesus
and
Norway
,
but
the
Country
being
supposed
too
little
for
the
people
,
they
drew
out
their
Collonies
,
and
sent
them
abroad
under
divers
Captains
,
to
seek
their
Fortunes
,
in
planting
a
more
advantageous
soil
,
and
having
made
many
descents
upon
the
Coasts
of
Belgia
,
Frizia
,
England
,
and
Ireland
,
under
Rollo
their
Captain
a
Noble
Norman
;
they
pitched
upon
this
Nation
,
and
had
great
Wars
with
the
Saxon
Monarchs
,
till
such
time
as
Rollo
in
a
Dream
fancying
himself
upon
the
highest
Hill
in
France
,
perceived
beneath
him
a
most
pleasant
Country
,
and
that
a
River
stowing
from
his
seat
watered
it
,
whilst
little
Birds
with
red
Breasts
run
to
drink
at
the
stream
and
sung
melodiously
about
him
.
This
being
Interpreted
by
a
Monk
,
That
it
was
the
will
of
Heaven
he
should
go
over
,
and
settle
himself
in
that
part
of
France
,
he
fancied
himself
to
be
in
;
and
that
there
he
should
be
victorious
.
Whether
this
Interpretation
was
feigned
by
the
Monk
,
to
be
rid
of
so
powerful
an
Enemy
,
or
by
secret
Devination
revealed
to
him
,
we
determine
not
;
however
it
wrought
so
powerful
with
Rollo
,
that
he
drew
his
Forces
out
of
England
,
and
passing
into
France
,
during
the
Reign
of
Chales
the
Simple
,
with
continual
Wars
so
far
indangered
that
Kingdom
,
that
the
King
was
constrained
to
make
an
Alliance
with
him
at
no
less
a
rate
than
giving
him
his
Daughter
Gilla
in
Marriage
,
with
the
Dutchy
of
Normandy
in
Dow●
.
This
Rollo
was
Great
Grandfather
to
Richard
the
fifth
,
Duke
of
Normandy
,
which
Richard
was
Elder
Brother
to
Robert
,
who
was
Father
to
William
,
of
whom
we
are
now
to
speak
.
William
the
first
King
of
England
,
&c.
(
usually
called
the
Conqueror
,
his
Reign
and
Actions
,
&c.
WIlliam
the
Conqueror
was
Natural
Son
to
Robert
Duke
of
Normandy
,
by
Arlotte
a
Beautiful
Woman
of
mean
Birth
,
her
Father
being
no
other
than
a
Tanner
,
or
Skinner
;
however
't
is
Recorded
,
That
being
great
with
Child
of
this
William
,
she
Dreamed
her
Bowels
delated
,
and
extended
all
over
Normandy
,
and
Britain
,
and
as
soon
as
the
Child
was
Born
,
being
laid
on
the
Floar
strewed
with
Rushes
,
a
Custom
amongst
the
Normans
to
try
the
Presage
of
Fortune
,
he
instantly
grasped
the
Rushes
in
his
hands
,
and
thence
they
concluded
his
future
greatness
,
and
when
his
Father
died
he
took
upon
him
the
Rule
of
Normandy
and
gained
England
as
has
hath
been
already
related
.
William
the
Conqueror
,
began
his
Reign
,
October
14.
Anno
1066.
and
was
Crowned
the
25th
.
of
the
following
December
,
by
Aldred
Arch-bishop
of
York
causing
the
English
Bishops
and
Barrons
to
swear
Allegiance
to
him
,
taking
himself
a
solemn
Oath
to
defend
the
Rights
of
the
Church
,
to
establish
such
Laws
as
were
agreeing
to
the
Constitution
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
to
see
them
administred
with
Uprightness
and
Justice
,
and
supposing
himself
by
this
means
securely
setled
in
the
Throne
,
he
went
a
Progress
to
be
more
assured
of
the
Southern
Parts
;
but
as
was
passing
through
Kent
to
Dover
,
Stigand
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
Eglesine
Abbot
of
St.
Augustines
Assembled
the
Commons
to
oppose
him
,
who
placed
themselves
in
a
Wood
near
Swancomb
,
waiting
the
Conquerors
Arrival
,
when
perceiving
his
approach
with
a
slender
Train
,
shadowed
with
Boughs
,
cut
down
for
the
purpose
,
they
marched
against
him
,
who
supposing
himself
inclosed
with
moving
Woods
,
was
so
much
surprized
that
he
was
neither
capable
of
advancing
or
retiring
,
but
whilst
he
was
considering
what
it
might
tend
to
the
Kentish-men
now
inclosing
his
Army
,
threw
down
their
Boughs
and
displayed
their
Banners
;
when
the
Bishop
and
Abbot
presented
themselves
on
the
behalf
of
the
rest
,
Addressing
the
Conqueror
in
the
following
Speech
.
Most
Noble
Duke
,
Behold
here
the
Commons
of
Kent
are
come
forth
to
meet
and
receive
you
as
their
Soveraign
,
requiring
your
Peace
,
their
own
free
condition
of
Estate
,
and
ancient
Laws
;
if
these
things
be
denied
,
they
are
present
to
abide
the
Battle
,
being
fully
determined
rather
to
die
than
to
part
with
their
Laws
,
or
to
live
servile
in
Bondage
.
The
Conqueror
much
surprized
,
forbore
reply
for
a
time
,
but
perceiving
the
Kentish
Men
making
ready
their
Weapons
,
and
resolute
to
give
Battle
,
knowing
himself
much
Inferiour
in
number
,
loath
to
stake
a
Kingdom
upon
so
small
a
cast
,
he
granted
their
Demands
,
so
that
to
this
day
they
retain
by
ancient
Custom
many
Priviledges
that
other
Counties
injoy
not
;
yet
the
Conqueror
was
not
so
favourable
to
the
English
as
they
expected
;
for
after
his
Coronation
,
he
Banished
such
of
the
Nobles
and
Gentlemen
as
were
most
likely
to
oppose
him
in
his
Proceedings
,
seizing
most
of
the
Estates
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
gave
them
to
his
Normans
,
whom
he
most
respected
,
or
such
as
had
helped
towards
desraying
the
Charge
of
the
Expedition
,
depriving
Monasteries
,
Bishopricks
,
Cities
,
and
Corporations
of
their
Ancient
Liberties
and
Priviledges
;
and
then
obliged
them
to
redeem
them
at
great
Sums
of
Money
,
constituting
new
Laws
,
and
ordained
four
Terms
,
when
as
all
Controversies
(
except
what
was
rare
,
and
extraordinary
,
were
tried
in
the
respective
Counties
,
Hundreds
,
or
Monthly
Moots
,
or
Gemotes
;
and
to
prevent
great
Meetings
,
which
he
feared
might
turn
to
his
prejudice
,
he
set
out
a
severe
Edict
,
commanding
all
Persons
upon
the
ringing
of
a
Bell
,
called
by
the
Normans
Coverfeu
,
or
Coverfire
,
to
put
out
both
Fire
and
Candle
exactly
at
eight
of
the
Clock
in
the
Evening
,
and
causing
an
exact
survey
of
the
Lands
and
Estates
of
all
the
people
,
he
amerced
them
accordingly
,
exacting
six
shillings
for
every
Hide
of
Land
;
and
the
Book
thus
made
of
every
several
survey
,
the
number
of
the
People
,
and
their
Abilities
,
is
called
Doomesday
Book
;
nor
did
he
permit
any
of
the
English
to
be
in
places
of
Trust
,
and
for
his
pleasure
,
as
some
will
have
it
)
though
others
say
it
was
out
of
Policy
,
that
he
might
have
a
Desolate
place
to
Land
new
Forces
out
of
Normandy
,
if
the
English
should
rise
in
Arms
against
him
,
he
laid
waste
36
Parishes
,
with
their
Churches
,
and
made
of
that
Vacancy
a
large
Forrest
,
by
him
called
new
Forrest
,
reaching
to
the
Sea-shore
,
and
in
Circuit
60
Miles
,
he
fortified
the
Tower
of
London
,
and
other
places
,
the
better
to
secure
his
new
acquired
greatness
,
and
was
the
first
that
admitted
the
Jews
to
Inhabit
England
,
and
finding
some
stirs
in
Normandy
,
he
re-passed
the
Seas
,
and
fought
his
Son
Robert
,
who
dismounted
him
,
but
knowing
his
voice
,
remounted
him
,
and
begged
his
pardon
,
and
by
that
means
they
were
made
Friends
,
and
the
War
ceased
:
However
finding
Odo
Bishop
of
Bayeux
,
and
Earl
of
Kent
,
secretly
Conspiring
against
him
,
he
Confiscated
his
Estate
,
and
Banished
him
his
Dominions
;
and
being
about
to
War
against
the
French
,
who
(
during
the
Contest
with
his
Son
)
had
offered
some
Indignities
to
his
Dominions
in
Normandy
,
he
fell
sick
of
a
great
pain
and
disorder
in
his
Bowels
,
whereat
the
French
King
in
a
scofing
manner
said
,
Our
Cousin
William
is
now
in
Childbed
,
therefore
it
behoves
us
to
consider
what
number
of
Candles
we
must
offer
when
he
is
Churched
,
for
no
doubt
they
must
be
very
many
.
This
being
told
to
King
William
he
in
a
rage
swore
by
the
Resurrection
and
brightness
of
God
,
That
his
Cousin
of
France
should
be
at
no
such
cost
or
trouble
,
but
that
at
his
Churching
himself
would
light
a
thousand
Candles
in
France
;
and
he
failed
not
in
his
promise
,
for
entering
that
Kingdom
with
Fire
and
Sword
,
he
burnt
the
City
of
Mentz
or
Metz
,
and
many
other
places
;
yet
being
too
eager
in
pursuit
of
the
French
,
and
of
a
Corpulent
Body
,
his
Horse
with
a
surious
bound
broke
the
Inner
Rim
or
Film
of
his
Belly
,
of
which
(
when
he
had
quieted
the
Disturbances
abroad
,
and
at
home
)
and
an
extream
Surfeit
he
got
by
overheating
himself
in
action
,
he
died
after
a
considerable
sickness
,
at
Roan
in
Normandy
,
Anno
1087.
and
there
forsaken
of
his
Sons
and
Courtiers
,
who
hasted
to
secure
their
respective
Interests
,
his
Body
was
left
unburied
,
till
one
Harulims
,
a
poor
Country
Knight
,
at
his
proper
charge
conveyed
it
to
Cane
,
where
,
upon
the
attempting
to
bury
him
in
St.
Stephen's
Chappel
,
it
was
denied
by
one
Ascelinus
Fitz
Arthur
,
who
in
the
Name
of
God
forbad
it
,
saying
,
It
was
the
very
place
of
his
Father's
House
Floar
,
which
the
Duke
in
his
Life-time
had
wrongfully
taken
from
him
,
and
upon
his
Inheritance
founded
the
Church
:
Therefore
(
continued
he
)
I
challenge
the
Ground
,
and
on
God's
behalf
forbid
that
the
Body
of
any
Oppressor
,
or
Dispoiler
,
be
buried
in
my
Earth
;
neither
shall
it
be
Interred
in
the
Precincts
of
my
right
:
But
in
conclusion
,
Henry
,
the
Conqueror's
younger
Son
hearing
of
the
refusal
,
compounded
for
100
pound
weight
of
silver
,
and
the
Body
was
accordingly
Interred
with
little
or
no
Pomp
,
for
during
the
Contest
,
his
Belly
burst
in
sunder
,
and
the
Contageon
thereby
occasioned
,
was
so
great
,
that
few
could
indure
it
,
he
died
on
the
9th
.
day
of
September
1087.
in
the
56th
.
year
of
his
Dukedom
of
Normandy
,
and
the
21st
.
of
his
Reign
over
England
,
in
the
64th
.
year
of
his
Age
,
his
Wife
was
Maud
Daughter
to
Baldwin
the
first
Earl
of
Flanders
,
his
Issue
was
Robert
,
sirnamed
Curthois
,
or
Short-boots
,
William
,
sirnamed
Miser
,
who
died
Anno
1028.
Richard
,
who
after
his
Father
had
gained
the
English
Diadem
,
came
to
a
violent
Death
,
being
gored
in
the
New
Forrest
by
a
Stag
,
or
(
as
others
have
it
)
died
by
the
stroke
of
a
Bough
.
William
Rufus
,
who
succeeded
him
in
the
Kingdom
of
England
,
though
he
nominated
no
Successor
,
but
left
it
to
God's
disposal
,
much
bewailing
on
his
Death-Bed
the
Rigour
and
Oppressions
he
had
used
towards
the
English
.
Henry
born
at
Selby
in
York-shire
,
Anno
1070.
Cicely
a
veiled
Nun
,
Constance
Married
to
Allain
Earl
of
Britain
in
France
.
Alice
Married
to
Stephen
Earl
of
Bloys
,
by
whom
she
had
Stephen
Earl
of
Mortain
and
Boleine
afterward
King
of
England
.
Gundred
Married
to
William
d'
Warren
a
Noble
Norman
,
and
first
Earl
of
Surry
.
Ela
,
who
in
her
Child-hood
was
contracted
to
Duke
Harrold
afterward
King
of
England
.
Margaret
,
who
in
her
Childhood
was
given
to
Alphons
King
of
Gallicia
in
Spain
,
and
William
Preverel
his
Natural
Son
,
who
was
Created
Earl
of
Nottingham
.
His
last
Will
and
Testament
was
,
That
all
his
Goods
should
be
distributed
to
Churches
,
Ministers
,
and
Poor
,
limiting
their
respective
Portions
;
and
to
the
Church
and
Monks
of
St.
Stevens
in
Normandy
,
where
he
above
all
●oveted
to
be
Buried
,
he
gave
several
Mannors
,
as
likewise
his
Crown
,
which
was
afterward
Redeemed
by
his
Son
Henry
.
To
Robert
he
left
the
Dutchey
of
Normandy
,
but
left
(
as
we
said
)
England
free
,
only
wishing
that
his
Son
William
might
succeed
him
in
it
,
and
presageing
,
that
Henry
should
in
Conclusion
possess
all
his
Dominions
,
he
gave
him
5000
Pounds
,
the
remainder
of
his
Treasure
.
He
Deposed
,
and
Imprisoned
Stigand
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
,
who
died
in
Prison
:
However
he
built
many
fair
Churches
,
and
Abbies
,
endowing
them
with
Revenues
,
and
large
Priviledges
,
specially
Battle-Abby
,
where
he
slew
King
Harrold
;
so
that
any
The●f
,
or
Murtherer
,
flying
thither
,
had
safe
Protection
,
and
if
the
Abbot
came
by
where
any
Execution
was
in
hand
,
he
might
(
if
he
pleased
)
save
the
Malefactor
;
he
allowed
a
certain
Pention
to
the
Monks
to
●ray
for
the
Soul
of
King
Harrold
,
and
those
that
were
●lain
in
the
Battle
.
In
this
King's
time
,
who
was
the
20th
.
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
happened
a
dreadful
Earthquake
,
strange
Burning
Feavors
,
proving
very
Mortal
,
Murrains
causing
great
Dearth
of
Cattle
,
extraordinary
Rains
,
and
Inundations
which
softned
the
Hills
to
that
degree
,
that
some
of
them
sunk
to
a
flatness
,
and
overwhelmed
the
Neighbouring
Villages
,
most
of
the
chief
Cities
suffered
by
Fire
,
and
London
had
her
Houses
and
Churches
burnt
as
the
fire
carried
it
from
the
West
Gate
to
the
East
Gate
.
Thus
Lived
,
and
sell
the
Potent
Conqueror
,
Death's
sorce
subdued
what
ne'er
was
foil'd
in
War
.
The
Reign
of
William
II.
Sirnamed
Rufus
,
King
of
England
,
&c.
WIlliam
Rufus
,
so
named
from
the
redness
of
his
Face
,
although
his
Elder
Brother
Robert
was
alive
,
immediately
passing
to
London
,
he
by
the
assistance
of
Lanfrank
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
and
Wolstane
,
so
far
wrought
upon
the
Council
,
that
he
procured
himself
to
be
Crowned
Anno
1087.
at
Westminster
,
but
Odo
his
Uncle
returning
from
his
Banishment
,
stirred
up
Robert
his
Brother
against
him
,
instigating
the
Nobles
to
take
part
with
him
;
but
Robert
wanting
Money
,
was
obliged
for
the
better
carrying
on
the
Expedition
to
Pawn
the
Province
of
Constantine
to
his
Brother
Henry
,
but
whilst
these
preparations
were
in
hand
,
William
to
ingratiate
himself
with
the
English
made
large
Promises
to
take
off
the
hard
Taxes
,
and
restore
the
Laws
his
Father
had
abolished
,
upon
which
the
people
siding
with
him
,
he
wrested
many
of
the
strong
Holds
out
of
the
hands
of
thos●
that
had
seized
them
;
for
his
Brother
Robert
proceeding
to
besiege
his
Uncle
Odo
in
Richester
,
putting
forth
his
Proclamation
,
by
which
he
ordered
all
people
to
repair
thither
in
Arms
,
and
whoever
refused
he
should
be
accounted
a
Niding
,
which
word
at
that
time
was
so
distastful
and
hated
by
the
English
,
as
signifying
a
Coward
,
or
mean-spirited
Fellow
,
that
without
any
constraint
,
or
imposition
of
Penalty
,
they
flocked
thithe●
from
all
parts
,
whereupon
the
place
was
constrained
to
yield
,
and
Odo
again
Banish'd
,
but
whilst
these
thing
passed
,
Duke
Robert
was
not
idle
,
for
having
gathere●
what
Forces
he
could
,
he
Landed
at
Southampton
,
but
finding
himself
unable
to
resist
the
Army
that
was
marching
against
him
,
and
not
joyned
by
the
expected
supply
he
repassed
the
Seas
without
doing
any
thing
o●
note
,
except
the
ingageing
William
to
pay
him
3000
Mark
a
year
,
and
after
his
Decease
to
resign
it
to
him
or
his
Heirs
;
and
now
Lanfrank
the
Arch-bishop
dying
,
the
King
supplied
himself
with
Treasure
by
keeping
the
See
of
Canterbury
,
and
many
other
Ecclesiastica●
Promotions
vacant
for
the
space
of
four
Years
,
some
o●
which
he
likewise
sold
,
and
was
wont
to
say
,
That
Christ's
Bread
is
a
sweet
Dainty
,
and
most
delicious
fo●
Kings
:
Howbeit
,
when
two
Monks
were
contending
who
should
give
most
to
be
made
Abbot
of
a
certain
Abby
in
the
King's
Disposal
,
he
espied
a
third
Monk
standing
in
a
corner
,
and
causing
him
to
advance
,
he
demanded
,
What
he
would
give
to
be
made
Abbot
?
Not
on●
Farthing
(
replyed
the
Monk
)
for
I
have
renounced
th●
World
and
Riches
,
that
I
may
the
more
carefully
serv●
God
.
Then
(
replyed
the
King
)
thou
art
worthy
to
b●
made
Abbot
,
and
the
Abbey
shall
be
thine
.
The
Scots
by
this
time
having
Invaded
England
under
the
leading
of
Molcolm
their
King
;
King
William
marched
his
Army
Northward
to
oppose
him
,
but
before
it
came
to
the
trial
of
Battle
,
a
Peace
was
concluded
,
and
the
12
Villages
in
the
Northern
Marche●
which
the
Scots
had
held
during
the
Reign
of
William
the
Conqueror
,
restored
them
for
a
Tribute
of
twelve
Marks
a
year
:
And
this
year
the
King
to
strengthen
him
against
the
Scots
,
rebuilt
Carlisle
in
Cumberland
,
which
had
been
demolished
by
the
Danes
about
two
●undred
years
before
:
And
in
Anno
1093
made
An●elm
,
a
Norman
Abbot
,
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
;
but
●ong
the
Peace
lasted
not
between
the
two
Kingdoms
,
for
Malcolm
coming
to
Glocester
,
to
treat
about
further
●ccord
,
and
not
being
received
,
or
entertain'd
,
according
to
his
liking
,
he
returned
in
a
rage
,
and
raising
a
great
Army
in
his
own
Country
,
fell
into
the
English
Frontires
with
Fire
and
Sword
,
destroying
all
before
him
as
far
as
Alnewick
;
and
no
sooner
were
these
stirs
quieted
,
but
Robert
Mobray
,
and
William
of
Anchon
,
conspired
,
with
divers
others
,
to
depose
King
William
and
set
up
Stephen
de
Albermarle
a
Sisters
Son
,
but
were
prevented
and
defeated
.
The
Welsh
making
many
Incursions
,
and
Inroades
,
into
the
Kings
Territories
,
he
marched
a
powerful
Army
into
the
heart
of
Wales
,
and
there
did
such
notable
Exploits
,
that
the
Welsh
finding
themselves
unable
to
make
head
against
his
Forces
submitted
themselves
,
so
that
from
the
year
1093
Wales
has
been
subject
to
the
Crown
of
England
.
The
King
upon
new
provocations
Invaded
his
Brother
Roberts
Terretories
in
Normandy
,
taking
divers
Castles
and
strong
holds
,
inforcing
him
thereby
to
a
Peace
;
after
which
uniting
their
Forces
against
their
younger
Brother
Henry
,
who
had
practised
the
surprising
their
Territories
,
he
was
besieged
by
them
in
the
Castles
of
St.
Michaels
Mount
in
Normandy
,
during
which
Siege
King
William's
life
was
in
great
hazard
,
for
being
too
forward
in
charging
such
as
sallied
,
he
was
overthrown
by
a
Knight
,
and
had
his
Horse
slain
,
but
being
known
,
the
Knight
took
him
up
,
and
presented
him
with
another
Horse
,
when
the
King
springing
into
the
Saddle
,
and
coming
up
with
a
fierce
countenance
,
demanded
who
it
was
that
ha●
overthrown
him
;
but
the
undaunted
Knight
,
instead
of
excusing
it
,
boldly
told
him
it
was
he
:
Then
,
sai●
the
King
,
looking
mildly
upon
him
,
by
St.
Lukes
fac●
for
that
was
his
usual
Oath
,
thou
shalt
be
my
Knight
and
inroled
in
my
Check
,
with
a
Fee
answerable
to
th●
worth
:
But
in
conclusion
,
Henry
being
constrained
fo●
want
of
Water
,
and
other
necessaries
,
to
submit
the
Brethren
were
reconciled
,
and
Robert
preparing
for
the
Holy
Wars
,
mortgaged
his
Dukedom
of
Normandy
to
King
William
for
6660
pounds
,
to
rais●
which
petty
sum
,
at
that
time
,
he
caused
great
Taxes
as
they
were
termed
to
be
laid
upon
the
People
,
and
forced
the
Religious
Houses
to
contribute
towards
it
And
in
the
absence
of
Robert
,
the
French
besieging
Main
in
Normandy
,
the
King
upon
notice
of
it
,
as
h●
sat
at
Dinner
,
in
his
Palace
of
Westminster
,
swore
H●
would
never
turn
his
back
till
he
arrived
there
;
and
so
causing
the
Wall
to
be
broke
through
for
his
passage
he
hasted
to
Sea
,
commanding
his
Army
to
follow
him
;
but
the
Winds
being
contrary
,
and
the
Sea●
rough
and
boisterous
,
the
Mariners
doubted
to
set
sail
and
the
Pilot
besought
the
King
to
continue
in
the
Port
till
the
Weather
was
more
favourable
,
but
he
impatient
of
delay
,
and
disdaining
to
fear
,
replied
Hast
thou
ever
heard
that
a
King
has
been
drowned
therefore
hoist
up
the
Sails
,
I
charge
thee
,
and
be
gone
So
that
safely
,
and
unexpectedly
arriving
in
Normandy
,
the
French
were
so
terrified
,
that
they
raised
the
Siege
.
This
King
denied
that
the
Pope
had
any
Authority
over
any
Bishop
of
his
Realm
,
and
also
the
Powe●
of
binding
and
loosing
;
yet
in
acknowledgement
to
the
See
of
Rome
,
he
paid
Peter
pence
granted
by
his
Father
;
he
derided
Invocation
of
Saints
,
and
curbed
the
avarice
and
aspiring
Ambition
of
the
Clergy
In
his
Reign
a
great
Earthquake
happened
,
and
the
Steeple
of
the
Abby
of
Winchester
was
burnt
with
●…ghtning
,
which
likewise
rent
the
roof
of
the
●…by
,
casting
down
the
Image
of
the
Virgin
Mary
,
●…d
her
Crucifix
,
breaking
one
of
her
Legs
;
and
not
●…ng
after
,
so
great
a
Wind
happened
at
London
,
that
it
●…ew
down
sixty
,
some
say
six
hundred
Houses
,
taking
of
the
roof
of
Bow
Church
,
and
carrying
it
a
great
●…ight
in
the
Air
:
And
so
great
a
Famine
and
Mor●…ity
ensued
,
that
the
quick
were
scarcely
able
to
bu●…
the
dead
:
Two
blasing
Stars
appeared
,
and
many
●…ars
,
as
if
they
shot
fiery
Darts
at
each
other
:
●…nd
in
the
last
year
of
his
Reign
the
Sea
over●…wed
her
Banks
,
carrying
away
a
great
number
●…
People
,
Cattle
and
Houses
,
drowning
most
of
the
●…ands
,
which
had
been
Earl
Goodwins
,
which
is
not
●…covered
to
this
day
,
but
retain
the
Earls
Name
as
●…own
by
that
of
Goodwins
Sands
.
At
Finchamstead
,
●…ear
Abbington
in
Barkshire
,
a
Well
of
bloodly
co●…oured
Water
sprung
up
for
fifteen
days
,
and
then
●…eased
.
King
William
,
by
this
time
having
setled
his
Af●…irs
,
betook
him
to
Recreations
,
and
especially
●…unting
in
the
New
Forrest
his
Father
had
made
by
●…he
unpeopling
,
and
delapidation
of
a
great
many
●…owns
and
Vilages
;
when
so
it
happened
that
Sir
Walter
Tyrre
,
a
French
Knight
,
shooting
at
a
Stag
,
he
Arrow
glanced
against
a
Tree
,
and
flying
aslaunt
●…ruck
the
King
into
the
breast
,
of
which
he
imme●…ately
died
,
August
1.
Anno
1100.
and
his
Body
being
●…id
in
a
Cart
,
the
best
Herse
those
times
afforded
a
●…reat
King
,
it
broke
,
bemired
in
a
dirty
way
,
yet
be●…g
put
into
another
,
it
was
carried
to
Winchester
,
●…nd
buried
in
the
Cathedral
Church
;
but
since
the
●…ones
have
been
removed
to
,
and
laid
with
those
of
●…anute
,
the
Danish
King
.
This
was
the
King
who
built
Westminster
Hall
●…inety
yards
in
length
,
and
twenty
four
yards
two
●…eet
in
breadth
;
yet
when
he
came
to
see
it
,
he
complained
it
was
too
little
by
half
,
and
therefo●…
he
would
reserve
it
for
a
lodging
Room
:
He
w●…
slain
,
as
you
have
heard
,
in
the
thirteenth
year
his
Reign
,
and
the
forty
sourth
of
his
Age
,
being
t●…
one
and
twentieth
sole
Monarch
of
England
.
Thus
Second
William
,
by
misfortune's
hand
,
Drop'd
in
the
Grave
,
and
left
the
wealthy
Land
:
Two
Sons
of
the
Great
Conqueror
met
their
fate
,
Where
he
had
laid
the
Country
desolate
.
The
Reign
●and
Actions
of
Henry
the
First
King
England
,
&c.
HEnry
the
First
English
Monarch
of
that
Nam●
who
for
his
great
Abilities
in
Learning
,
w●
called
Beau-clark
,
or
good
Scholar
;
upon
the
une●
pected
death
of
his
Brother
William
,
and
his
Broth●
Robert's
being
in
the
Holy
Land
waring
again
the
Infidels
,
upon
many
fair
promises
to
the
Nobl●
and
Commons
,
procured
himself
to
be
accepted
King
,
and
was
Crowned
at
Westminster
,
Anno
11●
Anselm
,
being
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
;
and
at
fi●
made
it
hisstudy
to
please
all
sorts
,
striving
to
ma●
his
House
and
Court
a
pattern
of
Virtue
,
and
go●
Living
to
the
rest
of
his
Subjects
,
permiting
the
Pe●
ple
to
have
Fire
and
Candle
in
their
Houses
,
at
the
own
discretion
,
which
under
severe
penalties
had
be●
prohibited
by
his
Father
,
freeing
the
Churches
fro●
reservations
upon
vacancies
,
allowing
the
Heirs
Noblemen
to
possess
their
Fathers
Lands
without
Redemption
,
ingaging
the
Nobles
to
do
the
like
by
the
Tenants
,
allowing
,
so
it
were
,
not
to
his
Enemies
,
t●
Gentry
,
to
marry
their
Daughters
and
Kinswomen
whom
they
pleased
;
and
that
the
Widow
enjoyi●
Joynter
should
be
at
liberty
to
ma●●y
whom
〈◊〉
●…ased
:
That
the
Mother
,
and
nearest
Relations
,
●…ould
be
Guardians
to
Fatherless
Children
,
during
●…ir
Minority
:
That
such
as
coyned
false
Money
●…ould
loose
their
Right
Hand
:
And
if
Men
be
de●…ved
of
their
Genitals
,
he
ordained
a
certain
Mea●…e
to
be
a
Standard
;
Measure
of
Commerce
accord●…g
to
the
length
of
his
Arm
,
which
is
our
Yard
:
For●…ing
all
Debts
due
to
the
Crown
before
be
came
to
●…
Renewing
the
Laws
of
Edward
the
Confessor
:
And
●…e
better
to
strengthen
his
Title
,
he
married
Maud
,
●…ughter
to
the
King
of
Scots
by
Margaret
,
Sister
to
●…gard
Atheling
,
joyning
in
Succession
to
the
Saxon
●…ngs
.
But
by
this
time
News
came
that
Robert
his
●…der
Brother
(
after
refusing
the
Scepter
of
Jerusalem
,
which
for
his
Valour
and
Conduct
,
upon
taking
●…t
City
from
the
Insidels
,
was
offered
him
by
all
the
Western
Princes
that
commanded
the
numerous
Army
of
Christians
in
that
glorious
Expedition
)
was
●…nd●d
with
an
Army
at
Portsmouth
,
and
that
many
●…
the
English
sided
with
him
,
which
put
the
King
to
no
small
consternation
;
however
,
having
got
by
●…s
lenity
,
and
fair
pretences
,
the
hearts
of
the
greater
●…rt
of
the
People
,
he
resolved
not
to
forgo
what
●…
had
gotten
;
and
thereupon
tried
so
far
the
good
●…mper
of
his
Brother
,
that
by
Presents
and
large
●…omises
,
he
worked
upon
him
to
remit
his
Claim
,
●…ein
of
which
he
was
to
have
three
thousand
Marks
●…id
him
yearly
,
and
gave
him
six
Months
Royal
En●…tainment
.
The
Sunshine
of
Peace
lasted
not
long
before
Be●…isine
,
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
,
and
Roger
Montgomery
,
●…ith
divers
other
r●…d
,
but
being
vanquished
,
●…ey
fled
to
Normandy
;
however
,
he
was
perplexed
●…the
Arch-Bishop
,
who
influenced
by
the
See
of
●…ome
,
contended
to
regulate
the
Clergy
,
and
dispose
●…
Ecclesiastical
promotions
,
as
he
pleased
,
refusing
Consecrate
such
Bishops
,
as
the
King
was
desirous
to
advance
;
yet
the
King
fearless
of
what
migh●
happen
in
England
,
upon
notice
,
his
Brother
,
at
th●
instigation
of
some
English
Fugitives
,
was
preparin●
for
a
second
Invasion
:
He
resolved
to
prevent
it
by
carrying
the
War
into
Normandy
,
which
he
effected
with
such
precepitation
,
that
he
overthrew
Robert
,
took
him
Prisoner
,
and
sent
him
to
Cardr●
Castle
,
where
at
first
he
was
only
Prisoner
at
large
having
the
priviledge
of
the
Medows
and
Parks
under
a
slender
Guard
;
but
as
some
will
have
it
,
at
tempting
his
escape
,
but
others
,
the
People
,
too
much
pittying
his
condition
,
and
the
apprehensions
i●
wrought
,
made
the
King
confine
him
a
close
Prisoner
,
and
the
better
to
secure
himself
against
any
attempts
,
this
poor
Prince
might
make
,
cause
th●
Twinkles
of
his
Eyes
to
be
put
out
,
or
clouded
i●
darkness
by
burning
Glasses
,
and
not
long
after
h●
lost
his
Life
;
some
say
by
a
voluntary
starving
himself
,
out
of
a
disdain
he
took
,
that
the
King
,
his
Brother
,
sent
him
a
Suit
of
his
old
cast
Clothes
,
with
a●
addition
,
That
they
were
good
enough
for
a
Prisoner
;
however
,
this
unnatural
act
greatly
eclipsed
the
glory
o●
this
King
,
and
too
plainly
shewed
that
Crowns
know●
no
Kindred
when
they
stand
in
competion
.
The
Duke
being
dead
,
King
Henry
seized
upon
his
Dutchy
of
Normandy
;
so
that
England
may
now
be
said
to
conquer
Normandy
,
though
indeed
it
was
unhappy
for
the
English
,
whom
he
began
to
restrain
with
a
harder
hand
,
seeing
he
had
removed
the
danger
that
threatned
him
,
banishing
the
Flemings
who
were
desirous
to
instruct
us
in
the
Wollen
Trade
retracting
many
Grants
he
had
passed
,
and
to
strenghen
his
Alliance
abroad
,
he
married
Maud
,
his
Eldest
Daughter
,
to
Henry
the
Fourth
,
Emperor
of
Germany
,
or
the
Romans
;
and
the
Welsh
promoting
some
disorders
,
he
forced
them
to
obedience
:
A●
likewise
these
in
Normandy
,
where
new
trouble●
arose
,
and
that
which
gave
him
hopes
of
the
settlement
of
Affairs
,
was
the
death
of
the
Arch-Bishop
,
who
to
raise
the
Popes
Power
,
had
opposed
●im
in
his
important
proceedings
,
and
was
a
great
Enemy
to
the
Married
Priests
,
who
were
tolerated
●n
this
Kings
Reign
.
The
High
Court
of
Parliament
,
some
Authors
will
have
to
be
constituted
in
his
Reign
,
Anno
1116.
William
,
Eldest
Son
to
Robert
the
deceased
,
Duke
of
Normandy
being
alive
,
Lewis
King
of
France
,
toge●her
with
the
Earls
of
Flanders
and
Anjou
,
laboured
●o
fix
him
in
the
Dukedom
,
but
were
frustrated
,
●nd
a
great
Battle
,
Anno
1119
,
was
fought
between
●he
two
Kings
,
wherein
Baldwin
,
Earl
of
Flanders
,
with
divers
other
Nobles
,
and
some
thousands
of
Common
Soldiers
were
slain
,
and
the
Victory
falling
●o
the
English
,
occasioned
great
loss
and
dishonour
●o
the
French
;
and
the
Earl
of
Anjou
,
upon
King
Henry's
return
to
Roan
with
Palms
of
Triumph
,
gave
his
Daughter
and
Heiress
,
in
Reversion
of
that
Province
,
to
William
the
Kings
Eldest
Son
,
whose
Nuptials
were
solemnized
with
great
joy
,
and
hope
of
future
happiness
:
But
all
things
are
unstable
in
this
World
,
for
the
King
setting
sail
for
England
,
and
the
Prince
with
his
Bride
,
his
Brothers
Sisters
,
and
other
great
Personages
,
staying
six
hours
sail
behind
●o
take
leave
of
their
Friends
,
resolved
,
notwithstanding
,
to
come
up
with
the
King
before
he
landed
;
〈◊〉
that
the
Marriners
running
a
desperate
course
,
as
●eing
elevated
with
Wine
and
good
Chear
,
fell
soul
●n
a
Rock
,
which
broke
the
Ship
to
pieces
;
yet
the
●rince
with
his
Bride
,
and
some
others
got
into
the
●ng
Boat
,
and
might
have
gone
off
,
but
the
Coun●ss
of
Pearch
crying
to
him
from
the
Fore-castle
●or
help
,
he
caused
the
Boat
to
turn
and
take
her
in
;
●ut
before
he
could
effect
it
,
so
many
leaped
into
it
,
●nd
clung
to
its
sides
,
esteeming
,
in
that
extremity
,
their
Lives
as
dear
as
their
Princes
,
that
it
sunk
with
the
overlaiding
,
and
they
were
all
drowned
.
This
doleful
news
coming
to
the
Kings
Earl
by
some
of
the
Seamen
that
had
escaped
upon
pieces
of
the
Ship
,
he
greatly
lamented
the
loss
of
his
Children
;
and
though
he
was
well
in
years
,
yet
in
some
measure
to
repair
it
,
he
Married
a
second
Wife
,
viz.
Adilicia
,
Daughter
to
Jeffery
Duke
of
Lorain
;
but
having
no
Issue
by
her
,
he
sent
for
Maud
his
Daughter
,
who
had
been
married
to
the
Emperor
,
her
Husband
being
at
that
time
dead
,
and
calling
a
Parliament
,
caused
Stephen
,
his
Sisters
Son
,
with
his
Nobles
to
swear
her
,
as
to
his
lawful
,
and
now
only
Heir
,
when
sailing
into
Normandy
,
after
the
toil
of
hunting
,
eating
a
great
meal
of
Lampries
,
he
presently
fell
sick
,
and
after
seven
days
sickness
,
dyed
in
the
Town
of
St.
Denis
,
Anno
1135
,
his
body
was
brought
to
Reading
,
and
buried
in
the
Abby
himself
had
founded
,
and
his
Bowels
and
Brain
at
Roan
;
nor
did
he
dye
without
suspition
of
being
poisoned
,
for
the
very
sent
that
came
from
his
Brain
,
was
the
death
of
the
Physician
that
took
it
out
.
The
Wives
of
this
King
were
two
,
viz.
Maud
,
Daughter
to
Malcolm
King
of
Scotland
,
and
Adilicia
,
Daughter
to
Godfry
Duke
of
Lorain
,
his
lawful
Issue
,
by
the
first
,
was
William
and
Maud
,
by
the
last
he
had
none
,
yet
is
held
to
have
fourteen
Illegitimate
Children
:
He
built
many
Abbies
and
Monasteries
,
and
was
very
charitable
to
the
Poor
.
In
his
time
many
Prodigies
appeared
,
and
the
Ground
rent
by
an
Earthquake
,
sent
forth
such
flames
as
destroyed
some
,
and
indangered
the
lives
of
more
:
He
was
King
of
England
,
and
Duke
of
Normandy
,
fourth
Son
to
William
the
Conqueror
,
beginning
his
Reign
,
Anno
1100
,
and
Reigning
35
years
,
being
the
23
Monarch
of
England
,
dying
in
the
65
year
of
his
Age.
Thus
falls
another
Monarch
,
soon
or
late
,
All
Crowns
and
Scepters
in
the
dust
must
set
:
All
breath
of
Life
,
the
lowly
and
the
high
,
Must
leave
this
narrow
stage
for
vast
Eternity
.
The
Reign
of
King
Stephen
with
his
Memorable
Actions
,
&c.
STephen
Earl
of
Bloys
,
Son
to
Adilicia
,
Daughter
to
William
the
Conqueror
,
and
Stephen
Earl
of
Bloys
,
notwithstanding
he
had
sworn
Fealty
to
the
Empress
Maud
,
laid
claim
to
the
Kingdom
,
and
by
the
interest
and
policy
of
his
Brother
Henry
,
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
and
Roger
Bishop
of
Sarum
;
as
also
one
Hugh
Bigot
,
who
swore
that
King
Henry
,
upon
his
Death-bed
,
taking
a
distaste
at
his
Daughters
proceedings
,
had
disenherited
her
,
and
appointed
this
Stephen
to
succeed
him
in
his
Kingdom
of
England
,
and
Dukedom
of
Normandy
,
so
that
upon
these
,
and
other
interests
that
were
made
,
he
was
Crowned
at
Westminster
on
St.
Stephen's
day
,
Anno
1135
,
by
William
Curboil
,
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
the
Prelates
swearing
to
hold
him
King
so
long
as
he
should
preserve
their
Churches
Rights
,
and
the
Lay-Barrons
,
in
like
manner
,
swore
Allegiance
to
him
,
so
long
as
he
should
keep
his
Covenants
with
them
,
in
preserving
their
Rights
and
Priviledges
,
so
that
he
accepted
of
the
Crown
,
and
owned
his
Right
as
by
Election
:
The
Charter
containing
his
peoples
Franchises
,
Liberties
and
Immunities
,
which
he
obliged
himself
to
maintain
,
he
Signed
and
Sealed
it
at
Oxford
,
which
was
,
That
all
Liberties
,
Customs
,
Possessions
granted
to
the
Church
,
should
be
firm
and
in
force
;
That
Persons
and
Causes
Ecclesiastical
should
appertain
only
to
Ecclesiastical
Jurisdiction
;
That
Church
vacancies
,
and
the
Goods
of
Church-men
,
should
be
at
the
sole
dispose
of
the
Clergy
;
That
all
ill
usage
touching
Forests
,
Exactions
,
&c.
should
be
abolished
,
and
the
Antient
Laws
restored
to
their
Purity
:
And
for
his
security
against
the
expected
storm
,
he
caused
or
suffered
many
Castles
to
be
erected
,
which
afterwards
proved
to
his
detriment
.
This
King
took
quiet
possession
of
the
Throne
,
and
had
an
interrupted
Series
of
Tranquility
for
a
time
;
but
by
degrees
the
distractions
came
on
,
that
turned
the
Land
into
a
seat
of
War
for
many
years
:
Baldwin
de
Redners
was
the
first
that
openly
began
to
declare
himself
in
favour
of
the
Empress
Maud
,
and
hereupon
the
Welshmen
took
up
Arms
,
and
falling
upon
the
English
,
not
altogether
provided
,
gave
them
a
considerable
overthrow
:
Nor
did
David
,
King
of
the
Scots
,
forbear
to
invade
this
Kingdom
;
and
the
Wesh
incouraged
by
their
former
success
,
continued
to
spoil
the
Frontiers
,
and
under
the
favour
of
another
Scotish
Invasion
,
wherein
,
under
the
leading
of
their
King
,
the
Scots
committed
almost
unparallel
outrages
.
The
Nobles
conspired
against
King
Stephen
,
betaking
them
to
their
respective
Castles
,
and
strong
Holds
,
declaring
that
they
were
slighted
and
rejected
in
favour
of
the
Flemmings
;
and
especially
,
one
Willinm
de
Ypre
,
his
chief
counsellor
and
privado
to
follow
,
whose
directions
he
had
neglected
that
of
his
Peers
.
But
the
Scots
,
instead
of
assisting
these
Lords
,
making
many
other
Invasions
,
made
great
spoil
and
havock
of
their
Houses
,
Castles
and
Estates
,
seeming
rather
to
aim
at
a
conquest
than
any
thing
less
:
So
that
those
in
the
North
marched
against
them
,
and
being
animated
by
Thurstan
,
Archbishop
of
York
,
by
whose
Authority
Ralph
Bishop
of
Durham
,
being
made
General
,
undertook
(
but
by
what
Warrant
I
know
not
)
to
forgive
the
sins
of
all
that
should
fall
in
Battle
,
and
secure
them
from
punishments
and
pains
in
another
Life
;
the
English
fell
on
with
such
fury
,
that
they
drove
the
Scots
out
of
the
Field
with
great
slaughter
;
nor
could
the
presence
of
their
King
,
and
the
Prince
his
Son
,
restrain
them
from
open
flight
into
Scotland
;
and
King
Stephen
following
this
advantage
,
obliged
them
to
sue
for
Peace
;
however
,
he
found
himself
but
slenderly
assured
in
the
Hearts
of
his
People
,
especially
of
the
Nobles
,
which
made
him
prepare
for
the
worst
;
and
hearing
the
Empress
Maud
was
landed
,
with
a
small
train
,
not
exceeding
140
men
at
Arundel
,
he
hasted
to
oppose
her
,
but
she
being
a
Woman
of
great
Policy
,
coloured
over
her
Intentions
,
protested
she
came
in
peace
,
only
to
spend
the
remainder
of
her
days
in
a
Country
,
wherewith
she
was
so
much
delighted
;
and
although
the
King
had
some
little
mistrust
,
he
nevertheless
dissembled
it
,
and
gave
her
Royal
Entertainment
,
causing
her
to
be
conveyed
to
the
City
of
Bristol
,
appointing
it
for
her
reception
:
scarce
had
the
Empress
continued
at
Bristol
two
Months
,
before
she
privately
withdrew
to
Wallingford
,
expecting
the
Forces
,
her
Brother
,
Earl
Robert
was
raising
on
her
behalf
:
But
the
King
having
notice
of
many
underhand
contrivances
,
besieged
that
place
,
whilst
his
Brother
,
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
under
a
pretence
of
friendship
,
and
important
business
,
inviting
many
of
the
Nobles
(
that
he
thought
disaffected
to
the
King
)
he
made
them
Prisoners
in
his
Palace
,
and
by
that
means
constrained
them
to
render
their
Castles
as
Ransoms
for
their
Persons
,
which
much
weakened
the
Interest
of
the
Empress
;
yet
Earl
Robert
burnt
Worcester
for
holding
out
against
her
,
and
the
like
did
Ralph
Painel
,
one
of
her
Captains
to
Nottingham
.
The
Empress
finding
her
Measures
broken
by
the
crafty
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
hasted
to
Lincoln
;
but
the
King
followed
close
,
and
besiged
that
City
,
and
took
it
;
yet
she
made
her
escape
;
so
that
new
Measures
being
taken
,
her
Forces
daily
increased
,
insomuch
that
becoming
strong
in
the
Field
,
Robert
Earl
of
Glocester
,
and
Ralph
Earl
of
Chester
,
gave
the
King
battle
near
Lincoln
,
which
was
maintained
with
great
obstinacy
,
and
effusion
of
blood
,
Victory
seeming
to
incline
to
neither
party
,
till
such
time
as
the
Kings
Horse
gave
way
(
thought
to
have
been
done
by
treachery
)
however
,
the
Foot
stood
manfully
to
it
;
but
being
overcharged
and
trampled
down
,
for
want
of
their
Horse
to
cover
them
,
they
fled
likewise
,
leaving
the
King
,
who
chose
rather
to
die
than
give
back
,
to
fight
the
Battle
,
when
with
a
very
weighty
Battle-Ax
,
like
an
inraged
Lyon
,
he
drove
whole
squadrons
before
him
,
killing
a
great
number
,
for
wherever
he
struck
,
the
blow
proved
mortal
;
but
in
the
fury
of
the
Fight
,
having
broken
his
Battle-Ax
,
and
after
that
his
Sword
,
he
was
beaten
down
with
a
Massiestone
thrown
at
him
,
and
by
that
means
brought
under
,
and
taken
Prisoner
.
King
Stephen
thus
made
a
Prisoner
,
was
carried
to
Glocester
,
where
the
Empress
expected
him
,
and
from
thence
sent
Prisoner
to
Bristol
,
whereupon
all
but
the
County
of
Kent
acknowledged
her
as
their
Soveraign
,
so
that
going
to
Winchester
in
state
,
she
there
received
the
Regal
Crown
,
and
passing
to
London
,
she
was
met
with
Procession
,
and
the
Acclamations
of
the
people
,
but
the
Earl
of
Glocester
,
Brother
to
the
Empress
,
being
taken
by
some
of
the
Nobles
that
sided
with
King
Stephen
,
and
Imprisoned
at
Glocester
,
searing
if
any
violent
Death
befel
the
King
,
he
should
run
the
same
Risque
,
he
so
far
solicited
the
matter
,
that
an
exchange
was
made
,
and
both
the
one
and
the
other
had
Liberty
,
after
which
the
Earl
went
for
Normandy
,
which
had
revolted
from
Stephen
,
to
raise
Forces
to
secure
what
was
gained
;
but
whilst
this
was
doing
the
Londoners
being
displeased
,
as
not
receiving
the
satisfaction
they
expected
,
and
the
Nobles
thinking
themselves
slighted
by
her
,
the
restless
Bishop
of
Winchester
set
the
Nation
again
into
a
Blaze
of
dissention
,
making
a
strong
Party
for
King
Stephen
,
besieging
the
Empress
in
the
Castle
of
Winchēster
seven
weeks
,
and
then
the
better
to
work
his
advantage
,
feigning
a
Peace
,
and
causing
it
to
be
proclaimed
,
set
open
the
City
Gates
,
but
she
and
her
followers
almost
starved
out
with
Famine
,
were
scarce
departed
,
when
he
caused
them
to
be
pursued
,
in
which
pursuit
many
were
slain
,
and
taken
Prisoners
,
and
amongst
them
Earl
Robert
,
who
by
this
time
was
returned
with
a
slender
Train
,
and
others
taking
Sanctuary
in
the
Nunnery
of
Worwell
were
burnt
together
with
the
House
,
nor
did
the
Bishop
spare
Winchester
,
but
fired
it
for
taking
part
with
the
Empress
.
The
Empress
escaping
this
Storm
,
betook
her self
to
the
Castle
of
the
Devizes
in
Wiltshire
,
but
being
closely
pressed
by
the
prevailing
party
,
and
out
of
all
hopes
of
relief
,
she
contrived
a
Stratagem
to
prevent
her
falling
into
their
hands
,
viz.
Inclosing
her self
in
a
Coffin
and
making
it
known
to
a
few
of
her
Trusty
Friends
,
under
pretence
it
was
the
dead
Body
of
a
Person
,
whom
the
Besiegers
knew
to
be
dead
in
that
place
,
procuring
a
pass
for
the
burial
of
it
with
its
Ancestors
:
She
was
in
a
Horse-litter
carried
to
Glocester
,
and
there
joyfully
received
by
those
of
their
Party
.
But
finding
it
not
safe
to
continue
there
,
she
hasted
to
Oxford
,
where
being
straightly
Besieged
by
the
King
in
the
depth
of
Winter
,
and
the
Suburbs
gain'd
,
she
found
her self
in
no
capacity
longer
to
defend
the
place
;
but
taking
the
advantage
of
a
Snow
that
had
fallen
,
she
put
on
white
Garments
,
and
by
that
means
in
the
dusk
of
the
Evening
passed
alone
undiscovered
to
Abington
on
Foot
,
and
from
thence
to
Wallingford
on
Horseback
the
same
Night
,
(
so
sweet
is
a
Crown
,
that
no
Difficulties
,
or
Dangers
are
thought
too
much
to
attain
it
.
)
It
was
indeed
strugled
for
with
various
success
,
causing
a
great
deal
of
blood
shed
as
the
Partys
prevailed
,
with
Burnings
,
and
Devastations
.
However
that
he
might
assure
the
Succession
of
his
Son
Eustuce
,
he
called
a
Council
at
London
,
commanded
Theobald
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
to
Anoint
him
King
;
but
having
received
the
Pope's
Mandate
to
the
contrary
,
he
refused
it
,
for
which
he
was
obliged
to
leave
the
Land
,
and
flie
to
Normandy
;
yet
the
King
for
this
refusal
seized
upon
his
Possessions
.
But
shortly
after
,
Prince
Eustace
dying
,
the
King
became
more
inclinable
to
an
agreement
with
the
Empress
.
The
death
of
this
Prince
is
by
some
Historians
thus
reported
,
viz.
Having
set
fire
to
the
Corn
Fields
belonging
to
the
Abby
of
Bury
,
because
the
Monks
refused
to
supply
him
with
a
sum
of
Money
for
his
present
occasion
,
after
that
at
his
first
sitting
down
to
Dinner
,
upon
the
first
bit
of
Bread
he
touched
he
fell
distracted
,
and
died
in
that
fit
,
but
this
seems
a
Fable
of
the
Monks
to
terrifie
people
from
medling
with
their
Diana
,
or
the
abundance
of
Treasure
they
in
those
days
of
Ignorance
scraped
to
themselves
even
from
those
that
had
far
greater
need
:
However
the
Kings
hope
dying
in
this
Prince
,
he
was
content
to
adopt
Henry
,
by
some
called
Fitz
Empress
,
though
indeed
Plantaginet
;
for
his
Son
and
Successor
,
to
whom
at
Oxford
in
the
great
Assembly
held
there
for
that
purpose
,
the
Peers
did
Homage
,
as
to
the
undoubted
Heir
,
and
the
Prince
acknowledged
the
King
as
his
Father
,
and
after
whom
he
was
to
Reign
;
nor
did
Stephen
live
long
when
this
was
done
,
for
being
afflicted
with
the
Illiack
pasio
,
and
the
Haemorhoids
worn
out
with
Labour
and
continual
toil
,
left
the
Crown
which
he
had
worn
with
so
much
trouble
and
variety
of
Fortune
,
to
young
Henry
dying
at
Dover
,
Anno
1134
,
and
was
Buried
at
Feversham
in
Kent
,
though
afterward
his
Body
(
only
for
the
value
of
the
Lead
that
inclosed
it
)
was
cast
into
the
River
by
the
covetous
Sexton
.
This
Stephen
was
King
of
England
and
Duke
of
Normandy
,
third
Son
to
Stephen
Earl
of
Blois
,
by
his
Wife
Adilicia
,
or
Alice
Daughter
to
William
the
Conqueror
,
he
began
his
Reign
the
second
of
December
,
Anno
1135
,
and
Reigned
Eighteen
Years
,
Ten
Months
,
and
20
Days
,
and
had
Issue
by
Maud
,
or
Matilda
his
Wife
,
(
Daughter
of
Eustace
Earl
of
Bulloigne
,
Brother
of
Godfry
,
and
Baldwin
Kings
of
Jerusalem
)
Baldwin
,
Eustace
,
William
,
Maud
,
and
Mary
,
he
had
likewise
two
Natural
Sons
Gervas
the
younger
,
he
made
Abbot
of
Westminster
.
Thus
in
a
Tempest
liv'd
the
Warlike
King
,
Small
rest
he
found
till
death
the
calm
did
bring
,
Which
shows
the
frailness
of
each
earthly
thing
.
The
Reign
of
Henry
the
Second
King
of
England
,
&c.
HEnry
Plantaginet
,
commonly
called
Fitz
Empress
,
was
three
times
Crowned
,
first
by
Theobald
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
at
Westminster
,
then
at
Lincoln
,
and
lastly
at
Worcester
,
and
being
setled
in
the
Realm
,
he
demolished
sundry
Castles
that
had
given
too
much
incouragement
to
the
falling
off
of
such
as
at
any
time
grew
discontented
,
some
that
had
Honours
unduly
conferr'd
on
them
he
divested
and
reduced
to
a
private
State
,
purged
the
Land
of
Forreign
Soldiers
,
and
chiefly
of
the
Flemings
that
had
come
over
with
King
Stephen
,
choosing
his
Council
out
of
the
most
Worthy
and
Learned
Men
,
restraining
the
Incroachments
and
Oppressions
of
the
greatest
Persons
,
without
respect
of
their
greatness
,
which
made
the
Lord
Hugh
Mortimer
fall
off
,
and
take
up
Arms
,
against
whom
King
Henry
went
in
person
,
and
had
been
slain
at
the
Siege
of
Bridgnorth
,
had
not
Hubert
d'
St.
Clare
one
of
his
Courtiers
,
stepped
between
as
the
Arrow
was
coming
,
and
lost
his
own
Life
to
save
his
Masters
,
but
this
Lord
soon
reduced
,
and
the
face
of
calmness
appearing
at
home
,
he
passed
into
France
to
do
Homage
to
King
Lewis
,
for
his
Provinces
of
Normandy
,
Acquitain
,
Anjou
,
Main
,
and
Lorain
,
which
he
claimed
as
his
right
〈◊〉
in
himself
,
and
partly
in
Eleanor
his
Queen
,
and
there
he
adjusted
differences
between
himself
and
his
Brother
Geofry
,
and
after
being
highly
Caressed
and
Entertained
he
returned
to
England
,
where
as
much
as
in
him
lay
,
intending
to
live
peaceably
,
he
contracted
an
Alliance
with
Malcolme
King
of
Scots
,
restoring
him
the
〈◊〉
of
Huntingdon
.
The
Welsh
about
this
time
making
Inroads
,
and
greatly
indamaging
the
English
,
the
King
marched
against
them
,
and
joyned
Battle
,
but
in
the
heat
of
the
Fight
his
Standard
was
cowardly
abandoned
,
and
his
person
in
danger
to
be
slain
,
or
taken
Prisoner
,
for
which
Henry
d'
Essex
Standard
bearer
being
accused
by
Robert
d'
Montford
,
as
the
main
cause
of
the
dissertion
,
the
Combat
(
as
usual
upon
such
Accusations
)
was
allowed
them
at
Reading
,
and
Essex
being
overcome
the
King
was
notwithstanding
contented
to
spare
his
life
upon
condition
he
became
a
Monk
which
accordingly
he
did
,
and
was
immediately
shorn
,
but
in
conclusion
the
Welsh
were
subdued
,
and
the
King
returning
in
Triumph
,
was
Crowned
together
with
Eleanor
his
Queen
at
Worcester
,
where
they
both
at
the
Offertory
laid
their
Crowns
on
the
high
Altar
,
vowing
never
to
wear
them
after
,
and
this
was
the
last
of
the
three
Crownings
,
and
his
Brother
Geofry
now
dead
,
he
seized
upon
sundry
Citys
and
strong
places
in
Normandy
,
and
setling
his
Affairs
in
that
Province
,
he
returned
to
England
,
where
Becket
,
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
,
influenced
by
the
Pope
,
began
to
trouble
the
Kingdom
,
not
only
at
the
Council
Tours
,
privately
surrendring
those
Honours
the
King
had
heaped
upon
him
to
the
Pope
,
and
from
him
receiving
them
again
,
thereby
to
cast
off
the
acknowledgements
he
had
to
the
King
or
his
Prerogative
,
but
countenanced
all
manner
of
violence
in
the
Clergy
,
even
to
murther
;
so
that
the
complaints
of
above
a
hundred
Murthers
done
by
the
Clergy
,
coming
to
the
King's
car
,
and
he
not
finding
them
punished
by
Church
Censure
,
brought
some
of
them
under
the
Civil
Power
,
commanding
Justice
to
be
administred
without
partiality
,
as
well
to
the
Clergy
as
Laity
,
to
that
end
appointing
Ministers
of
Justice
in
all
parts
of
the
Land
,
whose
charge
it
was
to
enquire
into
crimes
of
that
,
or
the
like
nature
:
But
this
was
opposed
by
Becket
with
a
high
hand
,
challenging
the
King
with
invading
the
Rights
of
the
Church
,
demanding
at
the
same
time
the
Castle
of
Rochester
,
and
sundry
other
places
,
as
belonging
to
the
See
of
Canterbury
.
This
made
the
King
assemble
all
the
Bishops
in
Convocation
at
Westminster
,
Becket
excepted
,
where
it
was
agreed
,
That
no
Appeals
should
be
made
to
Rome
without
the
Kings
Licence
:
That
no
Arch-bishop
or
Bishops
,
upon
the
Popes
Summons
,
should
go
out
of
the
Land
without
the
like
leave
:
That
no
Bishop
should
excommunicate
any
person
,
holding
of
the
King
in
chief
,
or
put
any
of
his
Officers
under
interdiction
without
the
like
Licence
:
That
Clerks
criminals
,
should
,
if
the
King
thought
fit
,
be
tried
before
Secular
Judges
.
But
although
the
King
urged
Becket
to
agree
to
them
,
yet
he
absolutely
refused
it
,
sending
thereupon
complaints
to
the
Pope
,
who
for
his
profit
and
interest
,
not
desirous
to
break
with
England
,
commanded
Becket
to
yield
to
the
King
without
any
Salvo's
or
exception
,
which
not
without
much
stomaching
the
matter
,
he
at
last
consented
to
on
the
word
of
a
Priest
,
and
swore
that
he
would
observe
the
Laws
,
which
the
King
called
Avitae
,
as
being
made
in
the
Reign
of
his
Grandfather
;
yet
he
refused
afterwards
to
set
his
Seal
,
saying
,
What
he
had
done
was
rather
in
some
measure
to
pleasure
the
King
,
than
out
of
conscience
:
For
which
,
and
his
continuing
obstinate
,
he
was
condemned
to
the
confiscation
of
his
Goods
;
and
the
Bishop
of
Chichester
,
in
the
name
of
the
other
Bishops
disclaimed
;
and
for
the
afronting
the
King
in
his
Palace
with
his
Cross
,
he
was
adjudged
as
a
Traytor
and
perjured
person
,
and
that
he
should
as
such
be
taken
and
imprisond
,
which
made
him
flee
into
Flanders
,
where
Pope
Alexander
,
and
Lewis
the
French
King
openly
declared
for
him
,
which
so
far
incensed
King
Henry
,
that
he
banished
his
Kindred
,
commanding
his
Sheriffs
,
and
other
Officers
,
to
seize
such
as
appealed
to
Rome
,
as
likewise
the
Kindred
of
those
Clergy
that
were
with
Becket
,
excluding
him
from
being
prayed
for
as
Arch-bishop
.
Becket
being
by
this
time
in
France
,
excommunicated
the
Bishop
of
London
,
and
proceeded
in
the
like
nature
with
others
,
so
that
there
were
scarce
any
found
in
the
Kings
Chappel
to
perform
the
Service
:
This
made
him
send
to
the
Pope
for
Legates
to
absolve
his
Subjects
,
and
settle
a
peace
in
the
Kingdom
;
and
although
accordingly
they
were
sent
,
yet
Becket
standing
off
with
much
obstinacy
,
nothing
was
effected
,
wherefore
,
as
some
Historians
will
have
it
,
to
spite
the
Arch-bishop
the
more
,
and
the
more
firmly
to
establish
the
Kingdom
,
he
caused
Roger
,
Arch-bishop
of
York
,
to
Crown
his
Eldest
Son
Henry
,
and
at
the
Coronation
Feast
,
the
King
carried
up
,
and
served
at
the
Table
,
the
first
Dish
of
Meat
,
whereat
the
Arch-bishop
,
whispering
the
young
King
,
said
,
Rejoyce
,
my
fair
Son
,
for
there
is
no
Prince
in
the
World
that
hath
such
a
Servitor
attending
at
his
Table
,
as
you
have
this
day
.
To
which
the
early
raised
Stripling
replied
,
Why
wonder
you
at
that
,
my
Lord
,
seeing
my
Father
knows
he
doth
nothing
that
is
unbeseeming
him
?
for
as
much
as
he
is
Royally
born
on
one
side
,
but
as
for
our self
we
are
Royally
born
on
both
,
as
having
a
King
to
our
Father
,
and
a
Queen
to
our
Mother
.
Upon
which
proud
speech
,
the
old
King
told
the
Arch-bishop
,
That
he
repented
the
too
early
advancement
of
the
Boy
:
And
now
by
the
mediation
of
Friends
,
the
old
King
and
Becket
were
reconciled
,
and
all
the
Profits
and
Arrears
of
the
See
of
Canterbury
restored
:
But
this
restles
Prelate
taking
his
time
to
disturb
the
Kingdom
,
whilst
the
old
King
was
in
Normandy
,
published
the
Popes
Letters
,
by
which
Roger
Arch-bishop
of
York
,
and
Hugh
Bishop
of
Durham
were
suspended
from
their
Ecclesiastical
Functions
,
for
that
they
had
crowned
the
young
King
in
prejudice
to
the
See
of
Canterbury
,
and
the
Bishops
of
Exeter
,
Sarum
and
London
,
were
cut
off
from
the
Church
,
by
censure
,
for
being
Assistants
at
that
Coronation
;
nor
would
he
,
at
the
young
Kings
earnest
intreaties
,
but
under
divers
restrictions
and
hard
conditions
Absolve
them
.
Becket's
new
insolencies
coming
to
the
ear
of
the
old
King
in
Normandy
,
he
fell
into
a
great
rage
,
and
let
such
words
fall
,
that
some
of
his
Courtiers
,
interpreting
them
to
intimate
the
Kings
desire
to
be
rid
of
that
proud
Prelate
,
contrary
to
his
knowledge
,
Richard
Fitzurse
,
William
Tracie
,
Hugh
Brito
,
and
Hugh
Norvil
passed
secretly
into
England
,
and
getting
admittance
into
the
Cathedral
Church
at
Canterbury
,
took
their
opportunity
,
with
concealed
Weapons
,
to
fall
upon
him
,
as
he
stood
in
the
Evening
Service
time
before
the
high
Altar
,
and
there
slew
him
with
a
Monk
or
two
that
made
resistance
,
and
thereupon
made
their
escapes
.
This
news
flying
to
Rome
,
and
the
Murther
charged
upon
the
King
as
done
by
hi●
order
,
the
Pope
began
terribly
to
mennace
him
when
he
,
to
take
off
the
imputation
of
guilt
,
not
only
protested
his
innocence
,
but
offered
to
purge
himself
by
submitting
to
the
Judgment
of
such
Cardin●
Legates
,
as
the
Pope
should
send
upon
inquiry
int●
the
Fact
,
and
the
better
to
quiet
the
people
that
began
to
murmur
against
him
,
he
passed
into
Irelan●
with
a
great
Army
,
and
finding
the
several
pett●
Kings
divided
amongst
themselves
,
he
made
a
Conquest
of
that
Kingdom
,
and
made
himself
Lord
Ireland
.
Upon
the
Kings
return
from
the
Conquest
Ireland
,
he
found
two
Cardinal
Legates
arrived
Normandy
,
by
whom
he
was
absolved
,
after
giving
Oath
that
he
was
no
ways
consenting
to
the
death
Becket
,
and
declaring
his
sorrow
for
having
let
f●
words
in
his
anger
that
might
administer
any
oc●sion
of
committing
that
crime
,
whereupon
the
co●ditions
of
his
Penance
were
enjoyned
,
viz.
That
his
own
charge
,
for
the
space
of
a
year
,
he
should
ma●tain
two
hu●dred
Soldiers
for
defence
of
the
Holy
La●
That
he
should
revoke
all
Customs
introduced
to
the
〈◊〉
judice
of
the
Churches
Liberties
,
and
restore
and
make
up
the
Possessions
of
the
Church
of
Canterbury
:
That
he
should
cull
home
,
and
freely
receive
all
that
were
in
Banishment
for
Becketg
's
cause
.
There
were
other
secret
Penances
enjoyned
,
which
upon
his
coming
over
he
performed
.
The
King
,
notwithstanding
the
satisfaction
he
gave
the
Pope
was
not
at
ease
,
for
the
young
King
,
Henry
his
Son
,
instigated
by
his
Mother
,
the
Kings
of
Scotland
and
France
,
his
two
Brothers
,
Richard
and
Geofry
,
with
divers
Nobles
,
as
well
English
as
Normans
raised
a
Rebellion
,
and
seized
upon
many
Towns
in
Britain
and
other
places
.
But
the
old
Kings
Fortune
prevailed
against
them
,
and
by
Humphry
Bohun
his
High
Constable
in
England
,
he
overcame
Robert
Earl
of
Leicester
,
which
made
Lewis
of
France
seek
a
Truce
with
him
of
six
Months
,
which
was
accorded
;
and
coming
to
Canterbury
three
Miles
bare
footed
,
as
his
private
Penance
,
he
entred
the
Chapter
House
of
the
Monks
,
and
humbly
prostrating
himself
on
the
floor
,
begged
pardon
,
and
suffered
himself
voluntarily
to
be
whipped
on
the
back
with
Rods
by
all
the
Brethren
of
the
House
,
so
that
his
stripes
amounted
to
fourscore
.
This
confirmed
the
people
of
his
innocency
,
or
at
least
,
satisfied
their
anger
;
so
that
the
Scots
invading
England
,
were
so
unanimously
opposed
,
that
they
were
defeated
,
and
William
their
King
taken
prisoner
:
Young
King
Henry
attempting
to
land
,
was
driven
back
to
France
by
contrary
Winds
;
but
making
some
other
attempts
,
he
died
in
the
expedition
,
Anno
1183
:
And
the
next
year
Heraclius
,
Patriarch
of
Jerusalem
,
came
into
England
to
implore
the
Kings
Aid
●gainst
the
Infidels
,
that
grievously
oppressed
the
Eastern
Christians
,
and
that
he
would
go
thither
in
person
;
but
the
Nobles
being
consulted
,
and
not
approving
it
,
only
a
supply
of
Money
was
granted
.
The
King
,
the
better
to
quiet
his
Son
John
,
who
was
of
a
turbulent
spirit
,
constituted
him
Lord
of
Ireland
,
assigning
him
rents
in
England
and
Normandy
;
however
,
he
conspired
with
his
Brothers
Richard
and
Geofry
against
him
;
but
before
any
thing
came
to
perfection
,
Geofry
was
troden
to
death
under
the
Horses
feet
,
at
a
Turnament
in
Paris
,
notwithstanding
Richard
,
by
the
assistance
of
Philip
,
the
French
King
,
drove
his
Father
out
of
Mentz
,
the
place
of
his
birth
,
and
for
which
reason
he
loved
it
above
all
other
;
whereupon
with
tears
he
declared
,
that
seeing
his
Son
had
taken
from
him
that
day
the
thing
which
he
most
loved
in
the
World
,
he
would
requite
him
,
for
from
that
day
he
would
deprive
him
of
that
thing
,
which
in
him
should
best
please
a
Child
,
viz.
his
heart
,
and
having
a
Scrowl
of
the
Conspirators
,
he
no
sooner
found
his
Son
John
in
the
head
of
them
,
and
first
in
that
Scrowl
,
but
he
curst
the
hour
of
his
Birth
,
laying
God's
curse
,
and
his
own
,
upon
all
his
Sons
which
he
could
not
be
prevailed
upon
to
recal
,
but
fretting
himself
for
the
unnatural
proceedings
of
his
Children
,
and
worn
out
with
age
and
toil
,
he
fell
sick
at
Charon
,
and
finding
the
approach
of
death
,
he
caused
himself
to
be
carried
to
the
Church
,
and
laid
before
the
high
Altar
,
where
after
humble
confession
and
sorrow
for
his
sins
,
he
gave
up
the
ghost
,
Anno
1189
,
and
wa●
intered
at
Font
Everard
.
This
King
Henry
the
Second
was
King
of
England
Duke
of
Normandy
,
Guen
and
Aquitain
,
eldest
Son
to
Jeffery
Plantagenet
,
Earl
of
Anjou
,
Son
to
Foulk
King
of
Jerusalem
,
by
Maud
his
Wife
,
eldest
Daughter
t●
Henry
the
First
:
He
began
his
Reign
on
the
25th
o●
October
1154
,
and
reigned
34
years
eight
months
an●
eleven
days
,
and
was
the
twenty
fifth
sole
Monarc●
of
England
,
he
had
Issue
by
his
Wife
Eleaner
,
Will
am
,
who
died
1156
,
Richard
,
Geofry
and
Philip
wh●
died
very
young
,
John
,
Maud
who
was
married
〈◊〉
Henry
,
sirnamed
the
Lyon
Duke
of
Saxony
,
Elean●
married
to
William
King
of
Castile
,
Joan
married
〈◊〉
William
King
of
Sicily
,
and
afterwards
to
Ramu●
the
fourth
Earl
of
Tholouze
.
By
the
lovely
Rosamond
,
his
beautiful
Concubin●
he
had
natural
Issue
,
viz.
William
,
sirnamed
Longspur
,
and
Jeffry
,
Arch-bishop
of
York
.
This
Rosamond
was
Daughter
to
the
Lord
Clifford
;
and
whilst
the
King
prosecuted
his
Wars
in
Normandy
and
France
,
he
caused
her
to
be
kept
in
a
Labrinth
built
at
Woodstock
to
secure
her
from
his
jealous
Queen
,
but
she
finding
her
by
a
clew
of
Thred
or
Silk
,
which
the
Fair
one
had
accidentially
let
fall
,
compelled
her
to
drink
Poison
,
of
which
she
died
to
the
unspeakable
grief
of
the
King
,
who
not
only
detested
his
Queen
for
so
much
cruelty
,
but
raised
a
stately
Monument
at
Godstow
with
this
Scription
.
Hic
jacet
in
Tumba
,
&c.
Here
lies
the
Worlds
fair
Rose
which
once
was
sweet
,
But
faded
now
you
no
such
savour
meet
.
He
had
likewise
Morgan
by
another
Concubine
,
and
in
his
time
it
reigned
blood
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
for
the
space
of
two
hours
.
A
great
Earthquake
happened
,
and
a
Dragon
of
marvellous
higness
was
discovered
,
at
St.
Osyph
in
Essex
another
Earthquake
happened
that
rent
in
pieces
the
Cathedral
of
Lincoln
,
●nd
at
Oxford
,
in
Sussex
certain
Fishermen
drew
up
in
their
Net
a
hairy
Creature
out
of
the
Sea
,
in
all
proportions
like
a
Man
,
which
was
exposed
to
the
●ight
of
thousands
,
living
upon
Flesh
,
but
in
the
end
●ole
from
his
keepers
,
and
got
to
Sea
again
:
And
his
King
it
was
that
caused
Leicester
to
be
burnt
,
the
Walls
raised
,
the
Castle
demolished
,
and
the
Inhabiants
to
be
expulsed
for
their
disobedience
,
and
taking
●art
with
his
Enemies
.
This
King
long
strugling
for
a
Throne
,
at
last
The
glitring
Diadem
he
grasp'd
so
fast
,
That
Becket
,
nor
's
rebellious
Sons
,
nor
Rome
,
Could
seize
the
Prize
till
death
had
found
his
〈◊〉
.
The
Reign
and
Actions
of
Richard
the
First
King
of
England
,
&c.
KIng
Henry
the
Second
being
dead
,
Richard
his
third
Son
,
for
his
strength
and
courage
,
sirnamed
Cour
〈◊〉
Leon
,
or
Lyons
heart
,
was
crowned
by
Baldwin
,
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
sworn
to
keep
several
Articles
administred
to
him
by
the
Peers
advantagious
to
the
Kingdom
:
the
Solemnity
of
his
Coronation
was
at
Westminster
,
and
was
followed
with
much
bloodshed
in
divers
parts
of
the
Nation
;
for
by
the
instigation
of
several
Monks
and
Fryers
,
the
people
in
a
tumultuous
manner
fell
upon
the
Jews
,
and
upon
some
disgust
made
miserable
havock
of
their
Goods
,
and
slaughter
of
their
Persons
,
for
which
divers
of
the
Ring-leaders
were
executed
:
And
now
it
being
in
the
power
of
this
King
to
put
in
practice
what
he
had
long
determined
,
viz.
to
pass
into
the
Holy
Land
,
with
an
Army
,
for
the
rescue
of
the
oppressed
Christians
,
wherefore
hearing
that
divers
other
Princes
had
determined
the
like
,
he
appointed
Wliliam
Longchamp
,
Bishop
of
Ely
,
his
Chief
Justice
,
and
Lord
Chancellor
;
and
to
him
he
joyned
Hugh
Bishop
of
Durham
,
for
the
Conservation
of
the
Northern
parts
Beyond
Humber
,
and
with
these
he
associated
divers
Temporal
Lords
,
concluding
at
the
same
time
a
Peace
with
the
King
of
Scots
;
so
that
supposing
all
safe
a●
home
,
the
next
undertaking
was
to
furnish
his
Navy
which
being
done
,
he
put
to
Sea
,
with
a
very
grea●
attendance
,
not
sparing
to
mortgage
and
sell
severa●
parcels
of
his
Revenues
,
and
forced
William
d'
Tur●ham
,
his
Fathers
Treasurer
,
to
contribute
1100
pound
to
defray
the
Charges
,
and
that
he
might
the
bette●
keep
his
Brother
John
in
quiet
,
during
his
absence
h●
appointed
him
for
his
maintenance
,
the
Revenue
of
Earldoms
.
The
King
being
on
his
way
toward
Palastine
,
af●●
he
had
wintered
at
Sicily
,
passed
towards
Cyprus
,
whe●
finding
some
of
his
Ships
that
had
put
that
into
Island
stress
of
Weather
,
had
been
seized
by
the
Cypriots
,
and
his
men
roughly
used
,
he
sent
to
the
King
for
reparation
,
but
that
being
denied
him
,
not
without
Threats
,
if
he
did
not
depart
the
Haven
;
our
undaunted
King
not
used
to
be
braved
,
beat
the
Defendants
from
the
shoar
,
and
resolutely
Landing
,
seized
the
Island
,
together
with
its
King
,
and
appointing
a
Governour
,
carried
that
King
in
Manacles
of
Gold
to
Ptolomais
,
where
the
Christians
lay
at
Siege
,
taking
by
the
way
a
great
Argosey
,
on
board
which
was
1500
Sarazens
and
Turks
furnished
,
beside
other
things
,
with
Fire-works
,
and
Barrels
of
Venomous
Serpents
bound
for
Ptolomais
,
since
called
Acon
,
intending
to
disperse
those
Venomous
Creatures
amongst
the
Christians
,
as
they
lay
Incamped
before
the
Town
,
but
King
Richard
caused
them
to
be
cast
into
the
Sea
,
and
in
the
dispute
there
perished
by
the
Sword
and
Waters
,
for
many
voluntarily
cast
themselves
over-board
1300
,
of
the
Sarazens
,
&c.
The
King
by
this
time
safely
arrived
at
Ptolomais
,
or
Acon
,
found
it
Besieged
by
sundry
Nations
under
the
Western
Princes
,
as
Genoways
,
Florentines
,
Flemings
,
Danes
,
Almains
,
Dutch
,
Pisans
,
Friez-landers
,
Lombards
,
and
the
English
that
had
passed
thither
,
under
Hubert
Bishop
of
Sarum
,
in
the
time
of
King
Henry
the
Second
;
as
likewise
the
Knights
Templers
of
European
Nations
,
beside
the
Asian
Christians
who
made
a
gallant
Army
;
and
soon
after
came
Philip
King
.
of
France
,
and
the
Duke
of
Austria
with
a
great
Fleet
,
whereupon
a
Council
of
the
Princes
was
held
,
concluding
that
part
of
the
Force
,
being
left
to
maintain
the
Siege
,
the
rest
should
draw
out
to
give
Battle
to
the
Saladine
or
King
of
the
Turks
and
Sarazens
,
who
lay
hovering
on
the
Plains
,
a
few
Leagues
distant
with
300000
Horse
and
Foot
,
but
they
could
not
engage
him
to
a
fight
,
yet
falling
upon
his
rear
in
his
retreat
,
they
cut
off
a
great
number
,
and
took
much
spoil
,
returning
again
to
the
Siege
;
but
the
Saladine
,
who
knew
the
importance
of
this
strong
City
,
followed
with
greater
force
,
but
durst
not
attempt
its
relief
,
yet
in
ravaging
the
Country
,
have
gotten
,
at
sundry
times
,
1500
Christian
captives
,
he
sent
word
,
If
they
did
not
raise
the
Siege
,
he
would
cut
them
in
pieces
in
the
sight
of
the
Army
;
Whereupon
King
Richard
sent
a
Trumpet
,
commanding
him
to
desist
,
For
if
he
put
those
Christians
to
death
,
the
prisoners
in
his
Camp
must
expect
the
like
treatment
:
However
,
upon
the
next
assault
,
the
Saladine
caused
them
to
be
put
to
death
,
whose
piteous
cries
piercing
the
Ears
of
King
Richard
,
he
in
a
rage
caused
the
Heads
of
2500
of
the
Turks
and
Sarazen
Captives
to
be
sinitten
off
in
the
fight
of
the
Enemies
Camp
;
and
now
a
general
assault
was
given
,
where
the
English
with
showers
of
Arrows
,
beating
the
Infidels
from
the
Walls
,
mounted
with
such
resolution
and
bravery
,
that
nothing
was
able
to
resist
them
;
so
that
seconded
by
the
rest
,
the
strong
City
of
Ptolomais
was
taken
,
and
in
the
over-running
the
Streets
,
a
great
number
put
to
the
Sword
;
so
that
whilst
the
English
were
busie
in
repulsing
the
Enemy
,
who
made
a
great
resistance
,
the
Austrians
advanced
the
Standard
of
their
Duke
upon
the
Walls
,
as
if
by
the
valour
of
a
handful
of
men
that
important
place
had
been
taken
,
which
so
far
incensed
King
Richard
,
that
he
threw
it
down
,
and
trampled
it
under
foot
,
which
rais'd
a
mortal
grudge
in
the
Austrian
Duke
against
our
King
,
nor
did
he
rest
till
in
some
part
he
had
given
his
anger
vent
,
which
at
that
time
he
durst
not
express
.
This
place
being
taken
and
garrisoned
by
Christians
,
the
next
design
was
upon
the
City
of
Jerusalem
;
but
Philip
the
French
King
,
envying
the
glory
of
the
English
,
drew
off
the
greater
part
of
his
Army
,
and
returned
to
France
,
the
like
did
the
Duke
of
Austria
,
and
divers
of
their
faction
,
not
withstanding
the
prayers
and
intreaties
of
the
Asian
Christians
,
who
hoped
by
the
prevailing
Arms
of
these
Western
Princes
,
to
be
delivered
from
the
tyranny
and
oppression
they
had
so
long
groaned
under
;
however
King
Richard
was
no
ways
dismayed
,
but
drawing
out
his
Forces
,
offered
the
Saladine
battle
,
which
was
refused
,
whereupon
he
caused
the
Army
to
march
towards
Jerusalem
,
but
by
the
way
he
was
diserted
by
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
who
the
French
King
left
as
his
General
with
part
of
the
Forces
,
and
upon
no
other
account
,
as
Burgundy
himself
declared
,
But
that
it
should
never
be
said
the
English
should
have
the
glory
of
wining
Jerusalem
,
which
greatly
grieved
the
King
,
that
so
famous
an
enterprize
should
miscarry
through
malice
and
emulation
,
and
whilst
he
was
in
his
melancholly
upon
this
occasion
,
a
Knight
mounting
a
high
sandy
Hill
,
said
,
Come
hither
,
Sir
,
and
I
will
show
you
Jerusalem
:
but
the
King
,
at
these
words
,
covered
his
face
,
and
fetching
a
deep
sigh
,
said
,
Ah
,
my
Lord
God
,
I
beseech
thee
,
that
I
may
not
see
thy
holy
City
Jerusalem
,
because
I
am
not
able
to
deliver
it
out
of
the
hands
of
thine
enemies
However
he
made
an
honourable
peace
with
the
Saladine
,
which
including
that
the
Christians
should
quietly
enjoy
what
they
possessed
,
and
so
selling
the
Isle
of
Cypruss
to
the
Knight
Templers
for
30000
Marks
,
he
returned
with
his
Army
,
having
obtained
the
nominal
Title
of
King
of
Jerusalem
,
from
Guy
of
Lusig●am
,
the
last
of
the
race
of
the
Christian
Kings
of
Jerusalem
,
which
Title
the
King
of
Spain
claims
at
this
day
,
but
without
power
or
effect
:
One
thing
is
not
lightly
to
be
forgotten
,
viz.
that
the
King
above
all
others
that
had
been
in
the
Holy
Land
,
though
many
great
Potentates
had
been
there
before
him
,
brought
terror
and
dread
upon
the
Sarazens
,
for
when
at
any
time
their
Children
cryed
,
they
to
quiet
them
would
say
,
King
Richard
is
coming
and
will
have
you
;
nay
,
when
their
Horses
stumbled
,
they
would
cry
,
Ha
Jade
!
you
think
King
Richard
is
in
the
way
.
King
Richard
;
as
is
said
,
returning
home
with
his
fair
Queen
Berengaria
,
was
separated
upon
the
Coast
of
Histria
,
by
a
storm
from
the
rest
of
the
Fleet
,
and
the
Ship
being
broken
,
and
in
no
condition
to
put
to
Sea
,
he
in
disguise
of
a
Merchant
,
or
as
,
some
say
,
a
Knight
Templer
,
resolved
to
pass
over
Land
;
but
being
too
lavish
in
his
expenses
,
that
raised
a
suspition
of
his
being
of
great
Quality
;
so
that
,
near
Vienna
he
was
made
a
prisoner
,
by
the
order
of
Leopold
the
Arch-Duke
,
whose
Standard
he
had
thrown
down
from
the
Walls
of
Ptolomais
,
and
by
him
sold
to
the
Emperor
Henry
the
Sixth
for
60000
Marks
,
and
was
ransom'd
after
sixteen
Months
imprisonment
,
and
very
bad
usage
at
160000
pounds
,
to
pay
which
,
a
great
Tax
,
was
levyed
throughout
England
,
yet
joyfully
disbursed
by
the
people
,
who
suffering
under
such
Ministers
,
as
were
set
over
them
,
greatly
desired
the
return
of
their
King
,
so
that
Philip
of
France
,
having
notice
he
was
at
large
,
sent
to
tell
John
,
King
Richard's
Brother
,
who
had
usurped
the
Rule
,
during
his
captivity
,
That
the
Devil
was
let
loose
;
and
although
several
waits
were
laid
to
intrap
and
retake
him
,
after
security
was
given
for
the
Money
;
he
landed
safe
at
Sandwich
,
and
was
joyfully
received
by
Hubert
,
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
,
who
had
been
in
the
Holy
Land
with
him
,
as
likewise
by
his
Subjects
,
but
more
especially
by
Queen
Eleanor
his
Mother
,
who
by
her
prudent
Conduct
and
Authority
,
had
secured
the
Kingdom
,
during
his
absence
,
from
the
total
usurpation
of
his
Brother
John
,
who
now
hasted
to
meet
him
,
and
submitting
himself
,
was
freely
forgiven
in
these
words
,
viz.
I
would
that
thy
faults
may
be
so
forgotten
of
me
,
as
thou
thy self
may
keep
in
memory
,
wherein
thou
hast
offended
;
and
thereupon
taking
him
into
his
favour
,
he
restored
his
forfeited
Possessions
,
who
from
that
time
became
firm
to
the
Kings
interest
,
and
did
him
faithful
service
,
especially
against
the
French
,
whose
King
contrary
to
his
Oath
he
gave
King
Richard
,
upon
his
departure
from
the
Holy
Land
,
had
warred
upon
his
Countries
of
Normandy
,
Anjou
,
&c.
stirring
up
,
in
his
absence
,
many
discensions
and
disorders
in
England
,
when
in
one
of
the
Skirmishes
,
taking
the
Bishop
of
Bevois
prisoner
compleatly
Armed
,
the
Pope
interceeded
by
Letter
for
the
delivery
of
his
dear
Son
,
as
he
termed
the
Bishop
,
when
the
King
in
a
merry
humour
sent
his
Habergeon
Curiass
,
and
the
rest
of
his
Armour
he
was
taken
in
,
and
order'd
the
Bearers
in
the
words
of
Josephs
Brethren
to
say
,
This
we
found
,
see
if
it
be
thy
Sons
Coat
or
not
:
To
which
the
Pope
earnestly
replyed
,
They
belonged
not
to
his
Son
,
nor
to
a
Son
of
the
Church
,
but
to
some
Imp
of
Mars
,
and
therefore
he
should
free
himself
as
he
could
,
for
as
for
his
part
he
would
have
no
further
hand
in
the
matter
;
So
that
the
Bishop
was
obliged
to
ransom
himself
with
a
large
sum
,
and
soon
after
the
King
at
Gysors
gave
the
French
a
great
overthrow
,
taking
100
Knights
and
Servetors
on
Horseback
,
thirty
Men
at
Arms
,
200
great
Horses
,
whereof
140
had
Barbs
and
Caparisons
,
armed
with
Plates
of
Iron
,
killing
a
great
number
,
many
of
the
first
Rank
;
and
here
the
King
in
Person
did
wonders
,
bearing
to
the
ground
with
his
Lance
Matthew
d'
Monmerancy
Alan
d'
Rusci
Foulk
d'
Giserval
,
and
made
them
Prisoners
,
and
after
this
Victory
,
it
was
that
the
King
expressed
himself
in
these
Words
,
that
have
since
become
the
Motto
of
the
Arms
of
England
,
viz.
Diu
&
Mondroit
,
Not
we
,
say
he
,
have
gained
this
Victory
,
but
God
and
our
Right
:
But
now
the
fatal
time
approached
that
was
to
eclipse
the
Glories
of
this
Prince
in
the
shades
of
Death
,
for
hearing
the
Count
of
Limogen
had
found
in
one
of
his
Lordships
a
great
Treasure
of
Silver
,
he
sent
to
him
for
it
,
as
properly
belonging
to
the
Sovereign
,
but
the
Count
would
not
yeild
to
send
him
above
one
half
,
which
incensing
the
King
,
he
besieged
him
in
his
Castle
of
Chauluz
,
at
which
Seige
he
was
shot
by
a
square
Arrow
out
of
a
Steel
Bow
into
the
Shoulder
;
yet
he
took
the
Castle
,
and
the
Arcubalaster
,
being
brought
before
him
,
boldly
owned
the
shot
,
alledging
That
the
King
with
his
own
hand
had
killed
his
Father
,
and
two
Brethren
,
which
incited
him
to
revenge
their
deaths
in
an
honourable
way
:
Whereupon
the
King
perceiving
the
undaunted
confidence
of
this
Bertram
d'
Guidon
,
not
only
forgave
him
the
fact
,
but
ordered
him
100
shillings
,
yet
through
the
unskilfulness
of
the
Chirurgeons
,
the
Wound
proved
Mortal
;
when
the
King
perceiving
his
end
to
approach
,
he
greatly
bewailed
his
sins
,
and
then
receiving
the
Sacrament
,
expired
Anno
1199
,
having
before
given
order
that
his
Bowels
should
be
buried
amongst
his
rebellious
Subjects
of
Poctiou
,
as
those
that
deserved
his
worst
part
;
his
heart
at
Roan
,
which
City
had
always
been
constant
and
loyal
to
him
;
and
his
Body
at
Font
Everard
,
there
to
be
laid
at
the
Feet
of
his
Father
,
to
whom
he
had
been
some
time
disobedient
,
and
for
which
he
greatly
reproved
himself
.
This
Richard
the
First
was
King
of
England
,
Duke
of
Normandy
,
Guin
and
Aquitain
;
he
began
his
Reign
the
sixth
of
July
1189
,
and
reigned
nine
Years
nine
Months
,
dying
in
the
42
year
of
his
Age
,
being
the
26
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
he
was
conttacted
to
Alice
,
Daughter
to
Lewis
the
seventh
King
of
France
.
But
falling
passionately
in
love
with
Berengaria
,
Daughter
to
Sanches
the
six
King
of
Navar
,
he
married
her
in
the
way
to
the
Holy
Land
,
whether
she
was
accompanying
her
Father
,
but
had
no
Issue
by
her
,
yet
he
left
behind
him
Philip
and
Isabel
his
natural
Children
.
Thus
the
stout
Lyons
Heart
to
Death
did
yeild
,
Whose
dreadful
Arms
had
strew'd
the
bloody
field
Of
fruitful
Palestine
,
no
Infidel
,
Nor
French
,
nor
Rebels
could
resist
his
Steel
:
Victorious
every
where
he
did
remain
,
Cyprus
he
won
,
yet
by
an
Arrow
slain
.
The
Reign
and
Actions
of
John
King
of
England
,
&c.
JOhn
called
by
King
Henry
the
Second
,
his
Father
,
Lackland
,
as
being
out
of
hopes
of
the
Crown
,
by
reason
so
many
Brothers
were
before
him
,
was
,
notwithstanding
Arthur
his
Eldest
Brother
Geofry's
Son
being
alive
,
crowned
upon
the
Death
of
King
Richard
,
by
Hubert
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
at
Wes●minster
,
through
the
instance
of
Queen
Eleanor
,
and
most
of
the
Nobles
;
yet
the
French
King
promoted
great
troubles
in
England
,
under
pretence
of
Inthroaning
the
young
Prince
,
yet
for
great
sum
he
connived
at
his
being
delivered
into
his
Uncles
hands
,
so
that
upon
new
disturbances
,
occasioned
as
well
by
the
Clergy
as
Laity
,
he
was
closely
imprisoned
.
The
Poctovians
rebelling
,
the
King
prepared
to
quiet
them
,
but
as
well
the
Clergy
,
as
the
Lay-peers
,
denied
him
assistance
of
Men
and
Money
,
or
to
wait
on
him
in
person
,
yet
with
such
a
Power
as
he
could
raise
,
with
present
Treasure
,
he
passed
the
Seas
,
overthrew
the
Rebels
,
took
the
young
Prince
,
who
had
escaped
,
prisoner
,
with
divers
Peers
,
and
two
hundred
French
Knights
,
reducing
all
the
revolted
Towns
to
their
obedience
;
so
that
Prince
Arthur
,
now
kept
under
stricter
restraint
than
ever
,
died
in
prison
,
as
some
will
have
it
,
not
without
suspition
of
violence
,
which
caused
much
murmuring
amongst
the
people
;
and
the
French
King
laying
hold
of
that
opportunity
,
cited
King
John
,
as
an
Homager
,
for
the
Dukedom
of
Normandy
,
&c.
to
appear
at
a
set
time
to
be
tried
by
his
Peers
,
upon
Articles
of
Murther
and
Treason
;
but
the
King
disdaining
to
obey
the
Summons
,
he
was
pretendedly
,
by
the
French
King
and
his
Peers
,
disinherited
and
condemned
in
his
absence
;
so
that
by
reason
of
the
Intestine
Troubles
,
not
being
able
to
pass
over
with
a
sufficient
Army
,
to
repel
the
insulting
French
men
,
they
seized
upon
many
of
his
Towns
and
Castles
,
some
by
force
,
and
others
by
treachery
,
yet
quieting
matters
somewhat
better
at
home
,
and
getting
a
considerable
sum
of
Money
from
the
delinquent
Barons
,
and
such
as
had
been
in
Rebellion
against
him
,
and
having
moreover
a
Subsidy
granted
him
,
he
prepared
to
pass
the
Seas
,
when
in
the
mean
while
the
French
King
,
out
of
a
bravado
,
sent
a
Knight
,
as
his
Champion
,
to
challenge
to
single
Combate
any
of
the
Kings
Subjects
,
and
in
a
mortal
battle
to
justifie
the
proceedings
of
his
Sender
:
To
match
this
Braggadocia
,
John
Curcy
,
Earl
of
Ulster
in
Ireland
,
who
had
some
time
before
been
brought
prisoner
into
England
,
upon
a
revolt
of
the
Irish
,
so
that
the
King
knowing
him
to
be
of
a
savage
and
untractable
nature
,
went
in
person
to
propose
this
honourable
undertaking
;
when
looking
on
the
King
with
a
stern
countenance
,
enough
to
strike
terror
in
the
beholders
,
he
said
,
In
thy
Quarrel
I
will
neither
draw
Sword
,
or
fight
a
stroke
;
but
for
the
honour
of
the
Realm
of
England
,
I
will
shed
my
last
drop
of
blood
:
Hereupon
the
day
was
appointed
,
and
all
things
ordered
to
be
in
a
readiness
;
but
in
the
mean
while
the
Monsieur
geting
knowledge
of
the
Earls
Gigantick
Stature
,
and
proportion
of
Limbs
;
as
likewise
the
great
quantities
of
Provisions
he
daily
devoured
,
he
thought
it
no
boot
to
stay
,
and
thinking
it
was
not
safe
to
return
into
France
,
he
sneaked
away
and
went
for
Spain
;
so
that
Philip
of
France
ashamed
of
the
disgrace
,
sent
to
excuse
it
,
yet
new
troubles
,
(
as
indeed
this
Kings
Reign
was
a
perpetual
storm
)
arising
,
h●
could
not
so
soon
get
over
Sea
,
as
he
expected
;
how
ever
,
upon
his
coming
,
the
French
were
terrified
t●
a
degree
of
suing
for
peace
,
and
it
was
,
upon
the
relinquishing
sundry
places
they
had
taken
accordingly
so
that
the
two
Kings
appointing
an
interview
,
an●
the
Irish
Earl
happening
to
be
there
,
the
French
Kin●
was
very
desirous
to
see
a
tryal
of
his
strength
,
whe●
placing
a
Steel
Helmet
upon
a
knotty
trunk
of
Oa●●
the
Irish
man
with
a
strong
Sword
,
that
no
body
b●
himself
could
weld
,
after
a
dreadful
sneer
or
two
,
let
fly
with
so
full
a
charge
,
that
he
cut
not
only
the
Helmet
in
two
,
but
entred
his
Sword
so
far
into
the
wood
,
that
none
but
himself
could
pluck
it
out
,
when
being
asked
by
King
John
,
〈◊〉
he
looked
so
furiously
before
he
gave
the
blow
?
his
●●ply
was
,
That
had
he
missed
it
,
he
would
have
killed
not
only
the
two
Kings
but
all
the
spectators
.
The
Truce
that
the
French
made
with
the
English
at
this
time
,
served
but
to
gain
the
greater
advantage
,
by
rendring
King
John
more
supine
in
his
Affairs
,
for
by
degrees
they
encroached
upon
all
Normandy
,
geting
even
the
City
of
Roan
it self
,
upon
which
Main
Tourain
Poctou
revolted
,
nor
could
King
John
hinder
it
,
having
his
hands
full
at
home
,
and
when
he
was
about
to
go
for
Normandy
,
Habert
,
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
suspected
to
be
a
Pentioner
of
King
Philip
,
peremtorily
forbid
him
to
proceed
in
that
voyage
;
and
the
Earls
and
Barons
a
second
time
denyed
their
Aid
,
insomuch
,
that
the
King
,
in
a
rage
,
seized
upon
some
of
their
Estates
,
and
grievously
fined
others
;
nor
was
it
a
little
gainful
to
him
,
that
Hubert
the
Arch-bishop
dyed
the
same
year
,
whose
large
Treasure
the
King
●ook
for
the
use
of
the
Wars
,
but
now
an
obstacle
●rose
:
The
Monks
of
Canterbury
chose
one
Reginald
for
their
Arch-bishop
,
who
was
Subprior
of
their
Convent
,
yet
the
King
opposed
it
,
and
presented
John
Grey
,
Bishop
of
Norwich
,
so
that
the
Pope
,
upon
no●ice
of
what
had
happened
,
rejected
both
,
and
went
●bout
to
impose
on
them
one
Stephen
d'
Langton
,
whom
the
Monks
for
fear
of
the
Pope's
high
Curse
,
wherewith
they
were
threatned
,
received
as
their
Arch-bishop
;
but
the
King
knowing
him
to
be
one
●f
the
French
Faction
,
and
that
he
would
consequent●
be
prejudicial
to
his
Affairs
,
could
not
be
brought
〈◊〉
hearken
to
it
,
though
the
Pope
sent
him
a
present
●f
Rings
,
with
some
flattering
Comments
on
them
●eclaring
,
That
the
Right
and
Power
over
all
Chi●●●●
as
in
the
See
of
Rome
:
But
the
King
threatning
,
if
he
desisted
not
from
such
pretentions
in
England
,
he
would
stop
all
Monies
that
passed
from
hence
to
Rome
;
and
thereupon
a
hot
contest
by
Letters
happening
between
them
,
the
old
blade
in
a
pet
Interdicted
the
Kingdom
,
which
the
Bigottry
of
the
times
made
the
people
think
to
be
the
greatest
Malediction
that
could
befal
them
;
so
that
the
Priests
to
strengthen
their
Masters
Power
,
and
make
him
more
dreadful
to
the
World
,
lay
idle
for
the
space
of
six
years
and
fourteen
Weeks
,
in
which
time
there
was
neither
publick
preaching
nor
praying
,
no
Administration
of
the
Sacrament
,
Burial
or
Christning
,
by
which
we
may
plainly
see
,
whatever
the
Papists
pretend
,
as
to
the
Sanctity
of
their
infalible
Father
,
how
much
he
prefered
his
private
revenge
before
the
Service
of
God
,
and
this
he
denyed
not
to
Hereticks
,
but
to
Papists
;
so
that
the
people
,
being
greatly
discouraged
,
many
parts
of
the
Kingdom
lay
untilled
,
and
became
,
as
it
were
desolate
;
when
the
King
,
on
the
other
hand
,
prescribed
the
disloyal
Clergy
,
confiscated
their
Temporalities
,
as
also
their
Bishopricks
,
Abbies
and
Priories
,
puting
them
into
the
hands
of
Lay-men
,
suffering
the
Clergy
to
be
oppressed
without
taking
notice
of
it
,
or
righting
them
by
civil
Justice
,
declaring
they
had
,
by
obliging
the
Pope
,
put
themselves
out
of
hi●
protection
,
yet
some
of
the
more
prudent
,
as
the
Bishop
of
Durham
,
and
his
Successor
,
the
Bishops
of
Winchester
and
Norwich
,
incouraged
the
King
,
not
to
regard
the
Papal
Curse
as
being
weak
and
insignificant
;
like
wise
the
Abbots
of
Cistercian
Order
took
no
notice
o●
it
,
but
went
on
,
as
before
,
till
such
time
as
the
Pop●
suspended
them
,
for
that
contempt
,
and
the
more
t●
shew
his
spleen
,
Anathamatized
the
King
by
name
whereupon
some
,
as
well
Nobles
as
Plebeans
,
diserte
his
service
,
for
which
,
in
a
stout
resolution
,
he
b●nished
and
fined
them
,
but
wearied
out
with
th●
practices
of
the
Clergy
against
him
,
and
the
Rebellio●
of
his
Nobles
,
he
concluded
it
was
better
to
give
wa●
to
the
humour
of
a
petish
Pope
,
than
to
live
in
di●quiet
,
and
daily
hazard
his
Kingdom
,
whereupon
Langton
was
offered
to
be
confirmed
,
the
other
Bishops
and
Clergy
restored
,
and
that
the
Churches
should
have
its
Franchises
,
as
in
the
time
of
Edward
the
Confessor
,
but
not
being
willing
(
as
indeed
he
was
not
at
that
time
in
a
condition
)
to
restore
the
Monies
received
for
Ecclesiastical
confiscations
,
the
Legate
sent
by
the
Pope
would
not
come
to
a
conclusion
.
This
being
the
state
of
Affairs
,
and
the
Pope
desirous
to
humble
the
King
,
discharged
his
Subjects
from
their
fealty
and
Allegiance
to
him
,
which
some
taking
as
a
good
warrant
,
utterly
disowned
him
for
their
King
,
and
the
Welsh
thereupon
took
up
Arms
,
which
so
inraged
the
King
,
that
he
caused
the
28
Hostages
,
which
they
had
given
for
the
security
of
their
good
behaviour
,
to
be
hanged
up
at
Notingham
;
but
by
this
time
the
Barons
had
invited
Lewis
,
Dauphin
of
France
,
to
invade
the
Kingdom
,
promising
to
set
the
Crown
upon
his
Head
,
when
,
in
the
mean
time
,
while
Stephen
Langton
and
other
Bishops
implored
the
Popes
assistance
to
settle
the
Church
,
which
must
otherways
fall
into
ruine
,
whereupon
he
decreed
that
King
John
must
be
deposed
ere
it
could
be
settled
,
sending
to
Philip
the
French
King
to
take
upon
him
the
Crown
and
Kingdom
,
offering
him
a
pardon
for
all
his
sins
,
in
case
he
effected
it
.
King
John
,
upon
notice
of
the
spightful
proceedings
,
prepared
to
oppose
the
French
,
or
any
other
Invader
by
Sea
or
Land
;
but
in
the
mean
time
Pandulph
the
Pope's
Legate
came
into
England
,
and
so
wrought
with
the
King
,
that
he
suffered
himself
,
to
prevent
the
storm
,
conditionally
to
be
deposed
,
and
at
the
Knight
Templers
house
at
Dover
,
he
surrendred
his
Crown
into
the
hands
of
the
Legate
(
some
say
,
whilst
he
kneeled
,
the
proud
Priest
kicked
it
off
with
his
foot
)
for
the
use
of
the
Pope
,
and
to
be
disposed
as
he
thought
fit
,
laying
his
Scepter
,
Sword
and
Ring
at
the
Legates
feet
,
and
subscribed
a
Charter
,
whereby
he
resigned
his
Kingdom
to
the
Pope
,
professing
(
but
how
sincerely
I
suffer
the
Reader
to
judge
)
he
did
it
not
through
fear
or
force
,
but
of
his
own
voluntary
accord
,
as
having
no
other
way
to
make
satisfaction
to
God
,
and
the
Church
,
for
his
offence
,
and
from
that
time
forward
he
would
hold
his
Crown
and
Kingdom
in
fee
of
the
See
of
Rome
,
at
the
A●●al
pension
of
1000
Marks
for
England
and
Ireland
(
a
very
hard
case
,
but
necessity
it
seems
has
no
Law
)
so
that
the
Legate
having
gained
his
ends
more
favourable
than
he
could
reasonably
expect
,
passed
over
for
France
,
to
put
a
stop
to
King
Philip's
preparations
,
but
he
declared
that
seeing
the
Pope
had
been
the
main
Instrument
in
seting
him
on
,
and
that
the
charge
was
already
very
great
,
he
would
not
desist
,
though
the
Pope
should
Excommunicate
him
,
and
calling
a
Council
of
Peers
,
all
but
Ferdinand
Earl
of
Flanders
,
approved
his
intentions
;
and
the
Barons
denied
to
aid
him
,
till
he
was
Assailed
of
the
Excommunication
,
and
that
all
their
Laws
and
Liberties
granted
by
Henry
the
First
were
restored
,
which
obliged
the
King
to
send
divers
rich
Presents
to
Rome
,
thereby
to
allure
the
Pope
,
who
upon
the
Receipt
sent
the
Bishop
of
Tusculum
,
who
would
have
perswaded
him
to
have
made
over
the
Kingdom
of
England
,
but
not
only
the
Arch-bishop
,
but
all
the
Peers
of
the
Kingdom
opposed
it
,
so
that
in
Parliament
it
was
Enacted
,
That
since
the
King
could
not
without
the
consent
of
Parliament
,
bring
his
Kingdom
and
People
to
such
a
Thraldom
,
therefore
if
the
Pope
should
,
in
the
future
,
attempt
any
such
thing
,
they
with
their
Lives
and
Fortunes
were
ready
to
oppose
it
.
So
that
the
Pope
finding
there
was
no
good
to
be
done
this
way
,
sent
his
Authentick
Letters
for
the
repealing
the
Edict
,
yet
not
without
the
restitution
of
1300
Marks
to
the
Clergy
,
most
of
which
came
to
his
Coffers
,
so
that
the
King
passed
into
his
Transmarine
Territories
;
but
before
he
could
quiet
the
disturbances
,
news
came
that
the
English
Barons
had
bound
themselves
at
the
high
Altar
of
St.
Edmundsbury
by
Oath
,
to
pursue
the
King
with
Arms
,
till
he
had
granted
them
their
Charter
of
Liberties
,
granted
in
the
Reign
of
Henry
the
First
,
whereupon
he
found
himself
necessitated
to
return
,
and
finding
they
had
not
only
seized
London
,
but
were
otherways
very
formidable
a
Council
to
reconcile
differences
was
held
in
Runing
Marsh
,
between
Stains
and
Windsor
,
since
called
Council
Mead
,
and
there
he
granted
them
Magna
Charta
,
and
Charta
Forestae
,
and
consented
that
25
select
Peers
should
command
the
rest
,
who
were
bound
by
Oath
to
be
obedient
,
but
the
King
long
dijested
not
this
abating
of
his
Power
,
but
withdrawing
himself
,
he
sent
to
complain
of
it
to
the
Pope
,
as
likewise
to
his
Friends
abroad
for
Aid
,
and
was
in
both
successful
,
for
at
Rome
by
a
definitive
Sentence
the
Barons
Charters
were
made
void
,
and
both
they
and
the
King
accursed
,
if
either
of
them
observed
the
conclusion
of
the
Treaty
in
Council
Mead
;
he
likewise
had
considerable
Forces
sent
him
from
Gascoin
,
Brabant
and
Flanders
,
so
that
he
again
took
the
Field
,
dividing
his
Army
in
two
parts
,
when
himself
marching
Northward
,
and
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
Southward
,
they
brought
all
into
subjection
,
and
although
the
Barons
were
excommunicated
,
yet
they
slighted
it
,
and
incouraged
the
City
of
London
,
which
was
Interdicted
for
adhearing
to
their
Interests
;
and
sent
to
Lewis
,
Dauphin
of
France
,
their
Letters
of
Allegiance
confirmed
with
their
Seals
,
intreating
King
Philip
,
his
Father
,
to
send
him
in
order
to
take
possession
of
the
English
Diadem
,
but
the
Pope
advertised
of
what
was
in
hand
,
sent
his
Apostolick
commands
to
Philip
,
charging
him
not
to
suffer
his
Son
to
molest
St.
Peter's
Patrimony
,
with
a
Curse
upon
such
as
should
assist
him
,
but
it
prevailed
not
,
for
the
hot-headed
Prince
sent
over
with
a
Fleet
of
600
Ships
and
80
Boats
landing
in
Kent
,
where
he
joyned
the
Barons
,
whereupon
the
King
retired
towards
Winchester
,
and
the
Dauphin
came
to
London
,
where
he
was
received
in
triumph
,
the
Citizens
doing
him
homage
,
as
did
the
Barons
at
Westminster
,
he
swearing
to
them
,
That
he
would
restore
all
men
their
Rights
,
and
recover
to
the
Crown
whatever
King
John
had
lost
;
so
that
most
important
places
submitted
.
During
these
Transactions
,
the
King
ruined
the
Houses
and
Castles
of
the
Barons
in
Arms
,
and
set
forward
from
Lyn
in
Norfolk
to
give
them
battle
;
but
passing
the
Washes
,
the
Floods
destroyed
most
of
his
Baggage
,
with
many
of
his
Soldiers
,
which
obliged
him
to
desist
:
But
the
Barons
not
having
their
rents
paid
,
began
to
look
back
,
and
perceiving
their
services
slighted
by
the
Dauphin
,
and
the
places
of
trust
bestowed
on
his
French-men
;
they
thought
it
high
time
to
reconcile
themselves
to
their
King
,
which
was
hastened
by
the
discovery
the
Viscount
d'
Melun
made
upon
his
Death-bed
,
viz.
That
Lewis
had
sworn
,
when
established
on
the
Throne
,
to
condemn
the
Barons
to
perpetual
banishment
,
as
Traytors
to
their
King
,
and
utterly
root
out
their
Kindred
,
so
that
forty
of
them
immediately
addressed
their
Letters
of
humble
submission
to
the
King
,
but
it
so
unfortunately
fell
out
,
that
he
was
dead
before
they
arrived
.
The
death
of
this
King
is
variously
reported
,
some
will
have
it
to
be
of
a
Flux
,
others
of
a
Surfeit
,
but
Writers
of
best
credit
say
,
that
coming
to
Swinstead
Abby
,
after
his
great
loss
in
the
Washes
,
and
seeing
the
liberal
profuseness
of
the
Monks
,
whilst
his
Army
was
in
a
manner
half
starved
,
he
said
in
a
pet
,
holding
a
Loaf
in
his
hand
,
That
if
he
lived
but
half
a
year
,
he
would
make
it
12
times
as
dear
,
which
being
overheard
by
a
Monk
,
he
mixed
poison
in
a
Cup
of
Wine
,
and
served
it
to
the
King
,
as
he
was
at
dinner
,
by
the
force
whereof
he
died
;
some
again
will
have
it
to
be
done
by
intoxicated
Fruit.
This
John
was
King
of
England
,
Lord
of
Ireland
,
Duke
of
Normandy
,
Guyen
and
Aquitain
,
sixth
Son
of
King
Henry
the
Second
by
Q.
Eleanor
,
and
27
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
he
began
his
Reign
on
the
6th
of
April
,
Anno
1199
,
reigned
17
years
6
months
and
13
days
,
dying
of
poison
,
the
19.
of
October
,
1216.
Thus
from
a
troubled
Throne
King
John
descends
,
And
in
his
Grave
all
toil
and
trouble
ends
:
There
factious
Subjects
,
Popes
,
nor
Galick
Arms
Disturb
his
rest
,
with
their
too
rude
alarms
.
Death
can
alone
from
cares
of
state
give
rest
,
The
slumbring
Grave
is
with
no
fears
opprest
.
The
Reign
and
Actions
of
Henry
the
III.
King
of
England
,
&c.
KIng
John
being
dead
,
the
Barons
almost
with
one
voice
and
consent
,
notwithstanding
Lewis
was
yet
in
the
Land
with
his
Army
,
chose
Henry
,
eldest
Son
to
the
deceased
,
King
,
about
Ten
years
of
Age
,
Crowning
him
nine
days
after
his
Fathers
Death
,
and
the
Earl
of
Pembroke
was
constituted
his
Guardian
,
who
raised
an
Army
and
marched
against
the
French
,
giving
them
a
great
overthrow
near
Lincoln
,
taking
several
of
the
Barons
that
stood
out
with
about
400
Knights
and
Esquires
Prisoners
,
besides
a
great
Booty
the
French
had
scraped
together
in
plundering
the
Country
,
and
many
of
the
French
that
scattered
from
the
Battel
were
killed
by
the
Peasants
;
nor
was
the
Fleet
,
appointed
to
bring
Supplies
out
of
France
better
treated
;
for
being
met
by
the
English
,
most
of
the
French
Ships
were
burnt
,
sunk
,
or
taken
,
so
that
the
Dauphin
was
obliged
,
with
such
Forces
as
he
could
Rally
,
to
shut
himself
up
in
London
,
whither
he
was
followed
by
the
Earl
,
and
besieged
by
Water
and
Land
;
which
made
the
Monsieur
begin
to
think
of
a
timely
Capitulation
:
The
substance
was
,
That
Lewis
,
and
the
Barons
in
Arms
should
submit
to
the
Censure
of
the
Church
,
and
that
then
he
,
and
as
many
as
would
goe
with
him
,
should
be
permitted
to
depart
the
Land
,
with
a
Promise
never
to
return
again
,
in
a
design
of
harming
it
;
and
that
he
should
use
his
Interest
with
his
Father
,
that
such
things
as
belonged
to
the
English
Crown
,
and
were
wrongfully
detained
,
should
be
restored
,
and
that
when
himself
should
be
King
of
France
he
should
peaceably
part
with
them
;
and
that
he
should
immediately
render
to
Henry
all
Castles
and
Places
taken
in
England
,
during
the
War
.
To
this
Lewis
swore
,
and
for
the
better
security
of
the
Barons
that
had
been
in
Rebellion
,
Wallo
the
Legate
,
the
Earl
of
Pembroke
,
and
the
young
King
swore
they
should
be
restored
,
as
well
the
Barons
as
others
,
to
all
their
Rights
and
Inheritances
,
with
their
Liberties
before
demanded
of
King
John
;
that
none
of
the
Laity
should
suffer
damage
or
reproach
for
the
Side
or
Party
they
had
taken
;
and
that
the
Prisoners
taken
in
War
,
or
by
Surprize
,
should
be
released
.
Upon
this
Lewis
the
Dauphin
,
and
as
many
of
his
Followers
as
were
left
,
passed
into
France
;
yet
the
Kingdom
was
molested
by
sundry
turbulent
Persons
,
whom
no
Concessions
,
nor
Favours
,
could
oblige
;
and
amongst
these
were
William
Earl
of
Aumarle
,
Robert
de
Veipont
,
&c.
which
encouraged
the
Welsh
to
raise
new
Broils
on
the
Frontiers
:
And
soon
after
one
Arnulph
,
a
Citizen
of
London
,
with
divers
others
,
Conspiring
to
call
in
Lewis
a
second
time
;
Arnulph
and
two
others
were
hanged
,
and
several
had
,
for
the
like
Attempt
,
their
Hands
or
Feet
cut
off
,
and
the
Barons
finding
their
Liberties
but
slowly
confirmed
,
began
to
murmur
.
Lewis
extreamly
vexed
for
the
disgrace
he
had
suffered
in
England
,
upon
the
Death
of
his
Father
,
though
contrary
to
his
Oath
seized
upon
Rochel
,
and
the
County
of
Poictu
,
both
appertaining
to
the
English
,
and
the
true
Cause
he
excused
by
pretending
King
Henry
,
as
Homager
of
Aquitain
,
should
have
attended
at
his
Coronation
;
but
that
he
neither
did
it
in
Person
,
nor
shewed
any
Reason
for
his
being
absent
,
by
his
Ambassadors
.
These
Proceedings
made
King
Henry
,
n●
at
Age
,
Call
a
Parliament
,
which
granted
him
Supply
,
in
order
to
raise
an
Army
for
the
recovery
of
his
Right
,
but
that
not
proving
sufficient
,
though
he
that
Summer
vanquished
the
French
in
a
set
Battel
,
he
pressed
about
5000
Marks
from
the
Londoners
above
their
Fifteenths
,
and
the
Clergy
were
not
exempted
,
but
under
pain
of
the
papal
Censure
,
obliged
to
pay
the
Tax
of
Fifteenths
;
but
the
greatest
Summe
he
raised
was
by
revoking
the
Charters
and
Liberties
,
excusing
it
by
declaring
they
were
granted
in
his
nonage
:
But
this
begat
Hubert
de
Burgo
,
his
chief
Justice
,
who
advised
him
to
it
,
a
very
great
hatred
amongst
the
People
;
however
,
the
King
with
the
Money
thus
gotten
,
raised
an
Army
,
and
sailed
for
Britany
,
winning
many
Places
,
and
driving
them
from
their
Encroachments
;
but
the
Irish
rebelling
he
was
constrained
to
return
sooner
than
he
purposed
;
but
upon
notice
of
his
Preparations
,
the
Irish
laid
down
their
Arms
,
and
sneaked
into
their
Eogs
.
He
about
the
same
time
quieted
the
Welsh
that
began
to
be
mutinous
;
and
now
it
was
that
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
and
others
,
found
an
opportunity
to
accuse
Hubert
de
Burgo
of
many
high
Crimes
and
Misdemeanours
,
upon
which
he
fled
,
but
being
taken
at
Brent
Wood
in
Essex
,
he
was
brought
bound
to
London
,
and
Imprisoned
in
the
Tower
;
when
in
his
Place
,
as
chief
Counsellour
and
Confident
,
the
King
ordained
Peter
de
Rupibus
,
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
but
he
being
a
Foreigner
by
Birth
,
so
greatly
favoured
Strangers
,
that
he
procured
them
to
be
put
into
Offices
,
and
the
most
important
Trusts
of
the
Kingdom
;
which
made
the
English
Noblemen
confederate
against
him
,
and
the
King
summoning
them
to
Parliament
,
they
sent
him
word
that
if
out
of
hand
he
removed
not
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
and
Strangers
,
out
of
his
Court
,
they
would
drive
both
him
and
them
out
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
having
removed
him
,
with
his
evil
Counsellours
,
they
would
consult
about
Creating
a
new
King
.
But
animated
by
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
his
Confident
,
the
King
marched
to
Gloucester
with
an
Army
,
and
sending
for
them
by
Name
,
such
as
appeared
not
he
burnt
their
Mannors
,
and
gave
their
Inheritances
to
his
Strangers
;
which
made
the
Earl-Marshal
and
others
that
stood
out
,
contract
a
strict
Alliance
with
Lewellin
Prince
of
Wales
,
and
by
way
of
Reprisal
fell
upon
the
Possessions
of
the
Kings
Favourites
,
burning
some
Towns
,
and
many
Castles
;
but
the
Earl-Marshal
crossing
the
Seas
to
recover
his
confiscated
Possessions
in
Ireland
,
was
there
wounded
,
and
of
that
wound
he
dyed
;
whose
Death
,
instead
of
Rejoycing
the
King
,
as
some
expected
,
made
him
on
the
contrary
burst
into
Tears
,
declaring
.
That
he
had
not
left
his
peer
in
England
;
and
the
King
plainly
perceiving
the
People's
hatred
in
general
against
the
Bishop
,
commanded
him
not
to
meddle
any
farther
in
Matters
of
State
;
and
finding
the
necessity
of
it
,
he
laid
aside
Peter
Rivalis
,
his
Lord-Treasurer
,
commanding
the
Poictuovians
to
depart
the
Land
:
But
the
Disquiets
ended
not
in
this
manner
,
for
the
Pope
perceiving
the
English
Clergy
did
not
greatly
stickle
for
his
Interest
and
Advantage
,
he
,
the
better
to
support
his
Usurpation
,
sent
over
300
Romans
requiring
they
should
be
placed
in
the
first
Benefices
,
as
they
became
vacant
,
at
the
same
time
,
demanding
great
Summes
of
Money
of
the
Clergy
,
for
the
Maintenence
of
his
Wars
against
the
Emperour
,
the
which
though
at
first
denied
,
was
at
length
complyed
with
;
and
soon
after
the
Pope
,
as
he
alledged
out
of
a
Curiosity
from
a
Report
,
he
had
heard
of
the
Country's
Fertility
and
Pleasantness
,
was
greatly
desirous
to
come
over
and
see
it
,
making
his
Suit
to
the
King
that
he
might
be
admitted
:
but
the
Council
considering
he
had
some
sinister
end
in
it
,
not
only
the
Laity
but
the
Clergy
opposed
it
.
In
the
year
1240
Richard
Earl
of
Cornwall
,
with
the
Earls
of
Lincoln
,
Salisbury
,
Pembroke
,
Chester
,
and
others
,
departed
,
with
a
great
Train
,
to
the
Holy-Land
;
and
two
years
after
,
King
Henry
passed
the
Seas
to
recover
Poictou
,
but
spent
a
great
deal
of
Treasure
without
effecting
any
thing
memorable
,
which
made
him
in
his
Return
levy
grievous
Taxes
to
supply
his
Coffers
,
and
above
all
he
sate
heavy
upon
the
Jews
,
who
were
then
great
Usurers
in
this
Kingdom
,
draining
them
of
what
they
had
unlawfully
gotten
:
He
likewise
retrenched
the
Expences
of
his
House
,
condescending
to
such
a
meanness
,
that
to
save
Charges
,
he
would
invite
himself
,
and
his
Court
,
frequently
to
the
Houses
of
such
wealthy
Persons
as
he
thought
best
able
to
give
him
Entertainment
;
getting
likewise
a
great
Summe
of
the
Parliament
,
under
pretence
of
going
to
the
Holy-Land
,
and
for
his
consenting
again
to
restore
the
Liberties
and
Charters
.
Anno
1257.
Richard
Earl
of
Cornwall
,
the
King's
Brother
,
was
chosen
King
of
the
Romans
,
by
the
Electoral
Princes
,
and
with
King
Henry's
consent
passed
into
Germany
;
yet
he
was
obliged
to
purchase
this
Leave
with
a
great
Summe
of
Money
,
as
being
accounted
one
of
the
richest
Princes
in
Europe
.
He
was
Crowned
King
of
the
Romans
at
Aquisgrave
,
and
received
the
Honour
due
to
his
Character
,
from
all
the
Princes
and
Estates
of
the
Empire
.
But
after
his
Departure
new
Differences
arose
between
King
Henry
and
his
Nobles
,
upon
the
Account
of
the
Return
of
Strangers
,
contrary
to
the
Agreement
,
so
that
they
came
armed
to
the
Parliament
at
Oxford
,
binding
themselves
by
Oath
,
to
have
Things
of
that
nature
regulated
;
and
the
King
,
the
better
to
quiet
them
without
bloud-shed
,
together
with
Prince
Edward
his
Son
,
was
there
content
;
and
the
wide
Differences
being
referred
to
a
Parliament
,
appointed
to
meet
at
London
,
they
were
cemented
:
But
the
Peace
continued
not
long
,
e●
upon
new
Disgusts
,
both
Sides
prepared
for
War
;
so
that
the
King
seizing
upon
Oxford
,
turned
out
the
Students
,
of
that
University
,
to
the
number
of
15000
,
whose
Names
were
entered
in
the
Matriculation
Book
;
which
made
many
of
them
take
part
with
the
Barons
,
and
imbody
themselves
under
a
peculiar
Standard
;
so
that
when
the
King
broke
into
Northampton
,
where
part
of
the
Confederate
Army
lay
,
the
Students
bore
the
brunt
of
the
Battel
,
and
killed
more
Men
than
all
the
rest
of
the
Soldiers
;
which
so
incensed
King
Henry
,
that
he
vowed
a
sharp
Revenge
;
but
being
told
they
were
many
of
them
the
Sons
and
Kinsmen
of
the
Noblemen
in
his
Army
,
and
that
such
Rigour
would
alienate
them
from
him
,
he
retracted
his
Resolution
:
Yet
heightned
with
this
Success
,
he
pursued
the
Barons
to
Nottingham
,
burning
,
and
wasting
their
Possessions
;
which
made
them
seek
for
Peace
;
declaring
,
by
a
submissive
Letter
,
their
Loyalty
to
him
,
and
that
they
had
no
Design
against
his
Person
,
but
their
Quarrel
was
to
his
evil
Counsellors
,
the
known
Enemies
of
the
Kingdom
.
But
the
King
reproaching
them
by
the
Name
of
Traitors
,
sent
them
word
,
that
the
Injury
done
to
his
Friends
he
took
as
done
to
himself
,
and
therefore
held
them
as
theirs
,
and
his
own
Enemies
;
so
that
no
good
understanding
being
towards
the
Armies
,
drew
out
,
and
engaged
in
a
mortal
Battel
,
wherein
Prince
Edward
the
King
's
eldest
Son
behaved
himself
with
much
Bravery
,
routing
the
Battalion
,
composed
of
Londoners
,
and
following
the
pursuit
four
Miles
;
which
notwithstanding
was
prejudicial
to
his
Father
,
for
in
the
mean
while
the
King's
Horse
was
slain
under
him
,
and
he
made
Prisoner
,
together
with
his
Brother
,
the
King
of
the
Romans
,
who
a
little
before
returned
to
England
,
for
the
security
of
his
Possessions
;
so
that
the
Prince
not
being
able
to
restore
the
Battel
,
Victory
fell
to
the
Barons
,
and
the
next
day
a
Truce
was
concluded
;
yet
Simon
de
Monfort
,
Earl
of
Leicester
,
who
headed
the
Baron's
Army
,
carrying
the
King
about
with
him
as
his
Prisoner
,
got
into
his
hands
all
the
strong
Holds
.
These
Proceedings
in
England
putting
a
stop
to
the
Pope's
Revenue
,
he
sent
Cardinal
Ottobon
,
his
Legate
,
to
Excommunicate
the
Barons
,
but
they
for
a
while
despised
it
;
yet
soon
after
falling
out
amongst
themselves
,
many
of
them
came
over
to
Prince
Edw.
who
had
taken
the
Field
with
an
Army
;
so
that
he
enclosed
the
Earl
of
Leicester's
Camp
at
Evesham
,
and
obliged
him
to
battel
,
where
the
Earl
lost
the
day
with
his
Life
,
and
had
his
Head
,
Hands
,
and
Feet
chopped
off
,
as
a
mark
of
Infamy
.
By
this
Overthrow
the
King
was
rescued
,
and
set
at
liberty
;
when
to
heal
the
long
Divisions
a
Parliament
was
called
at
Winchester
,
by
whose
Approbation
the
King
seized
the
Charters
of
London
,
and
other
Cities
and
Towns
that
had
proved
disloyal
;
and
the
Legate
proceeded
to
excommunicate
the
Bishops
of
Winchester
,
London
,
Worcester
,
and
Chichester
,
for
taking
part
with
the
King's
Enemies
.
And
now
Prince
Edward
,
with
a
great
Train
,
took
a
Journey
to
the
Holy
Land
,
and
the
King
more
firmly
to
settle
the
Nation
,
called
a
Parliament
at
Marlborough
,
where
the
Statutes
called
by
the
name
of
the
place
were
enacted
;
but
having
been
at
Norwich
to
quiet
a
tumult
,
and
punish
such
as
had
burnt
the
Priory
Church
,
upon
his
return
he
fell
sick
at
the
Abby
of
St.
Edmund
in
Suffolk
,
and
after
a
short
Languishment
dyed
,
Anno
1272.
from
whence
he
was
conveyed
to
Westminster
,
and
there
buried
in
the
Abbey
.
This
Henry
,
King
of
England
,
Lord
of
Ireland
,
Duke
of
Guyenne
and
Aquitain
,
was
eldest
Son
to
King
John
;
his
Wife
was
Eleanor
,
Daughter
of
Raymond
,
Earl
of
Provence
,
by
whom
he
had
Issue
Edward
,
Edmund
,
Richard
,
who
dyed
young
,
also
John
,
William
,
and
Henry
,
Margaret
,
married
to
Alexander
the
Third
,
King
of
Scotland
,
Beatrix
,
married
to
John
the
First
,
Duke
of
Bretaigne
,
and
Katharine
,
who
dyed
young
.
He
began
his
Reign
the
19th
of
October
,
1216.
and
reigned
56
Years
,
and
28
Days
,
being
the
65th
Year
of
his
Age
;
he
was
the
27th
sole
Monarch
of
England
.
He
was
very
charitably
given
,
and
founded
many
Churches
and
Religious
Houses
.
In
his
time
four
Suns
appeared
from
the
Rising
to
the
Setting
;
after
which
followed
a
great
Famine
,
and
eighteen
Jews
were
hanged
for
crucifying
a
Child
,
and
others
severely
punished
for
circumcising
another
that
had
been
christened
.
Thus
dyed
Third
Henry
,
when
on
England's
Stage
H
'ad
sway'd
the
Sceptre
near
a
long
liv'd
Age
,
The
longest
Reign
the
Nation
e'er
beheld
,
Yet
Life
wound
off
by
time
the
Cedar's
fell'd
.
The
Reign
and
Actions
of
Edward
the
First
,
King
of
England
,
&c.
KIng
Edward
,
at
the
death
of
his
Father
Henry
,
was
warring
in
the
Holy
Land
,
where
he
did
Wonders
in
his
own
Person
,
insomuch
that
the
Sarazens
dreading
his
Prowess
,
the
Governour
of
Damascus
,
under
a
feigned
Friendship
,
sent
a
Villain
to
assassinate
him
who
seeming
as
if
he
was
about
to
deliver
him
a
Letter
,
stabbed
him
in
three
places
in
the
Arm
with
a
poisoned
Dagger
,
and
had
repeated
the
Wounds
,
but
that
the
Prince
struck
him
down
with
his
Foot
,
whereupon
his
Guards
came
in
,
and
cut
the
Wretch
in
pieces
as
he
lay
on
the
floor
;
yet
these
wounds
by
the
Chirurgions
were
accounted
mortal
,
unless
some
one
would
hazard
his
own
Life
,
by
sucking
out
the
Poison
;
but
when
every
one
shrunk
back
,
Eleanor
his
Wife
,
who
would
by
no
means
be
persuaded
from
accompanying
him
in
that
tedious
Journey
,
chearfully
undertook
it
,
and
effected
the
Cure
without
any
Injury
done
to
her self
;
for
which
generous
Undertaking
he
raised
Crosses
,
and
Monuments
,
to
her
Memory
in
England
.
The
News
of
his
Father's
death
no
sooner
reached
him
,
but
setling
the
Affairs
of
the
War
,
he
returned
to
England
,
where
together
with
his
Queen
,
he
was
crowned
by
Robert
Kilwarby
,
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
at
whose
Coronation
500
Horses
were
let
loose
in
a
large
Forest
,
to
be
possessed
by
those
that
first
caught
them
;
and
upon
notice
the
Welsh
were
in
Arms
,
he
marched
against
them
,
overthrew
and
slew
Lewelin
,
their
Prince
,
in
a
great
Battel
,
whose
Head
,
crowned
with
Ivy
,
was
set
upon
the
Tower
,
and
utterly
subduing
those
Mountainiers
,
he
made
his
Son
Edward
,
born
amongst
them
at
Caernarvon
,
Prince
of
the
Country
:
And
going
for
France
he
sate
as
a
Peer
of
that
Kingdom
,
in
consideration
of
the
Lands
and
Territories
he
held
there
,
and
upon
his
return
banished
the
Jews
,
to
the
number
of
15000
,
for
bringing
in
base
Money
,
and
exacting
Extortion
.
Alexander
the
Third
,
King
of
Scotland
,
who
had
married
King
Edward's
Sister
,
being
dead
,
and
the
Lords
Bruce
and
Baliol
,
for
want
of
other
Heirs
,
standing
in
competition
for
the
Kingdom
,
Edward
,
by
his
Authority
,
became
Umpire
,
and
adjudged
it
to
the
latter
,
promising
to
support
his
Right
by
Arms
,
for
which
he
was
to
become
his
Homager
;
but
that
Prince
being
in
the
Throne
,
to
please
his
People
,
who
feared
the
English
Greatness
might
be
prejudicial
to
them
,
hearkened
to
Proposals
with
France
,
and
suffered
his
People
to
enter
the
North
parts
of
of
England
with
Fire
and
Sword
;
Edward
drove
them
back
with
great
slaughter
,
entering
Scotland
,
and
making
such
terrible
Destruction
,
that
the
Cities
and
Towns
for
the
most
part
surrendred
,
the
Scotch
Nobles
sued
for
Peace
,
and
in
the
Parliament
held
at
Berwick
they
acknowledged
him
their
King
,
swearing
to
be
true
Subjects
to
him
for
ever
after
,
sealing
a
solemn
Instrument
to
that
purpose
;
whereupon
King
Edward
leaving
John
de
Warren
,
Earl
of
Surry
,
and
Sussex
,
as
his
Viceroy
in
that
Kingdom
,
sent
John
Baliol
,
the
late
King
,
Prisoner
to
the
Tower
of
London
,
and
brought
away
with
him
the
Crown
,
Sceptre
,
and
Cloth
of
State
,
burning
their
Records
,
abrogating
their
Laws
,
altering
the
Form
of
their
Divine
Service
,
and
transplanting
their
learned
Men
to
Oxford
:
He
brought
likewise
the
Marble
Chair
,
wherein
the
Kings
of
Scotland
were
wont
to
be
crowned
,
from
the
Abbey
of
Schone
,
and
sent
it
to
Westminster
,
upon
which
is
written
this
prophetical
Distich
:
Ni
fallat
Fatum
,
Scoti
quocunque
locatum
Invenient
Lapidem
,
regnare
tenetur
ibidem
.
Where'er
this
Stone
the
Scot
shall
placed
find
,
There
shall
he
reign
,
for
there
his
Rule
's
assign'd
.
This
was
verified
in
King
James
the
first
,
upon
the
uniting
the
Kingdoms
,
but
more
of
that
in
his
Reign
.
King
Edward
going
into
France
to
recover
such
places
as
the
French
had
taken
in
the
latter
end
of
his
Father's
Reign
,
and
refused
to
restore
,
especially
in
Gascoign
,
the
Scots
rebelled
,
and
under
the
leading
of
one
William
Wallis
fell
upon
the
English
at
an
advantage
,
near
Striveling
Bridge
,
and
put
them
to
the
rout
,
killing
amongst
others
Hugh
de
Cressingham
,
the
Treasurer
,
and
having
flead
him
,
divided
his
Skin
in
parcels
amongst
them
,
as
a
Trophie
of
their
Revenge
,
and
committed
many
other
outrages
,
which
hastened
the
King's
Return
;
at
which
time
he
summoned
a
Parliament
at
York
,
giving
the
Scots
a
day
to
appear
,
but
they
neglecting
it
,
and
refusing
to
acknowledge
they
ought
so
to
doe
,
he
with
a
powerfull
Army
entred
Scotland
,
and
being
about
to
charge
the
Enemy
,
as
he
was
mounting
his
Horse
startled
,
and
threw
him
,
breaking
by
a
spurn
of
his
Heel
two
of
the
King's
Ribs
,
yet
without
delay
he
remounted
,
and
gave
them
Battel
,
charging
quite
through
their
Army
with
such
slaughter
,
that
in
a
very
short
time
they
were
all
in
Rout
and
Confusion
;
so
that
in
this
Action
near
Fawkirk
70000
Scots
are
reported
to
be
slain
,
after
which
most
of
the
strong
places
yielded
to
King
Edward
,
when
returning
victorious
to
England
,
he
in
Parliament
restored
Mogna
Charta
,
and
Charta
Forestae
,
agreeing
that
no
Tax
or
Subsidy
should
be
levied
upon
the
People
,
but
by
the
Consent
of
Prelates
,
Peers
and
Commons
in
Parliament
,
and
in
the
end
of
his
Grants
left
out
Salvo
jure
Coronae
nostrae
,
viz.
Saving
the
rights
of
our
Crown
;
and
at
the
earnest
entreaty
of
the
Pope
,
he
set
Baliol
at
Liberty
.
And
now
the
King
being
desirous
absolutely
to
subject
and
annex
Scotland
to
the
Crown
of
England
,
raised
another
powerfull
Army
,
against
which
the
Scots
not
able
to
make
head
,
retired
,
and
as
their
last
refuge
entreated
the
Pope
to
send
his
Letters
of
Inhibition
,
which
accordingly
were
sent
;
but
the
King
was
so
far
from
regarding
them
,
that
he
in
a
great
passon
swore
he
would
not
desist
;
ahd
when
they
urged
it
farther
,
that
if
he
persevered
,
the
Pope
would
take
it
upon
himself
,
he
with
a
disdainfull
Smile
replied
.
What!
Have
you
done
Homage
to
me
as
to
the
chief
Lord
of
Scotland
,
and
do
you
now
suppose
that
I
can
be
terrified
with
Threatenings
,
as
if
(
like
one
that
had
no
Power
to
compell
)
I
would
let
the
right
which
I
have
go
out
of
my
Hands
.
Let
me
hear
no
more
of
this
,
for
if
I
do
,
I
swear
by
the
Lord
I
will
consume
all
Scotland
from
Sea
to
Sea
.
This
resolute
Protestation
so
terrified
the
Scots
,
that
they
only
replied
,
For
the
Justice
and
Rights
of
their
Countrey
they
were
ready
to
shed
their
Bloud
;
and
the
King
,
to
justifie
his
Proceeding
,
sent
the
Earl
of
Lincoln
to
Rome
,
so
that
by
the
Influence
of
the
Pope
a
Truce
was
concluded
from
all
Saints
to
Whitsuntide
;
but
the
Pope
not
so
contented
,
before
the
Truce
was
expired
,
declared
himself
in
favour
of
the
Scots
,
whereupon
King
Edward
,
in
a
Parliament
holden
at
Lincoln
,
by
the
General
Consent
defended
his
Proceedings
with
a
Protestation
,
that
they
had
not
exhibited
any
thing
to
the
Court
of
Rome
,
as
in
form
of
Judgment
or
submitting
to
the
Tryall
of
his
Cause
,
but
rather
for
the
satisfaction
of
its
Merit
and
Justice
;
and
when
the
Pope
required
the
King
to
stand
to
his
decision
for
matter
of
Claim
;
the
Peers
,
to
whom
the
King
had
entirely
referred
it
,
signified
to
the
Pope
,
that
the
King
of
England
was
not
to
answer
in
Judgment
for
any
rights
of
the
Crown
before
any
Tribunal
under
Heaven
,
and
that
by
sending
Deputies
and
Attornies
to
that
purpose
,
he
should
make
the
Truth
and
Justice
of
his
Cause
doubtfull
,
forasmuch
as
it
manifestly
tended
to
the
Disinherision
of
the
Crown
,
which
with
the
help
of
God
they
would
maintain
against
all
Men
:
And
this
was
subscribed
at
Lincoln
,
Anno
1301.
by
no
less
than
100
Peers
;
so
that
Pope
Boniface
the
Third
perceiving
no
good
to
be
done
,
and
loth
to
break
with
England
,
gave
over
his
Pretensions
,
and
left
the
Scots
to
make
the
best
of
their
business
;
whereupon
the
King
made
the
Lord
Segrave
Custos
of
that
Kingdom
;
but
the
Scots
thereupon
growing
impatient
,
took
Arms
,
and
overthrowing
the
Custos
,
took
him
Prisoner
,
but
he
was
soon
rescued
by
Sir
Robert
Nevil
;
yet
this
made
King
Edward
set
forward
with
an
Army
,
which
brought
such
a
Terrour
upon
Scotland
,
that
he
marched
through
the
Kingdom
from
Roxborow
to
Cathiness
,
300
miles
,
without
the
lest
resistence
;
for
those
that
were
in
Arms
betook
themselves
,
upon
his
approach
,
to
the
Woods
and
Mountains
.
The
King
thus
absolute
in
Scotland
,
had
for
a
summe
of
Money
Wallis
,
their
Ring-leader
,
delivered
into
his
hands
;
so
that
at
Westminster
being
found
guilty
of
Treason
in
rebelling
against
the
King
his
law
full
Sovereign
,
he
was
hanged
and
quartered
,
his
Quarters
sent
into
Scotland
,
and
set
up
in
divers
remarkable
places
;
after
whose
death
Bruce
,
that
had
contended
with
Baliol
for
the
Kingdom
,
headed
the
Scots
,
and
gathered
a
considerable
Army
,
but
was
routed
by
Aymery
de
Valence
,
one
of
King
Edward's
Captains
,
and
forced
into
the
Orcades
,
where
he
lived
an
obscure
Life
,
with
much
hardship
,
till
he
found
another
opportunity
to
head
his
Countrey-men
,
and
did
many
noble
Exploits
,
which
drew
King
Edward
to
oppose
him
;
but
in
his
way
he
fell
sick
at
Carlisle
,
where
finding
the
near
approach
of
Death
,
he
charged
his
Son
Edward
,
who
was
to
succeed
him
,
that
he
should
be
industrious
to
bring
the
Scots
under
the
English
Obedience
,
and
that
he
should
carry
his
Bones
along
with
him
through
Scotland
,
the
better
to
render
him
victorious
;
commanding
on
pain
of
his
Curse
,
not
without
common
consent
to
recall
out
of
Banishment
Pierce
Gavestone
,
and
farther
enjoining
him
to
send
his
Heart
into
the
Holy
Land
,
accompanied
with
149
Knights
,
and
their
Train
;
to
which
end
he
had
laid
up
two
thousand
pounds
of
Silver
,
and
that
upon
pain
of
Damnation
the
Money
should
be
turned
to
no
other
use
;
then
removing
from
Carlisle
to
Bury
upon
the
Sands
,
he
there
dyed
of
a
Dissentery
,
anno
1307.
and
his
Body
buried
at
Westminster
,
This
Edward
the
First
was
King
of
England
,
Lord
of
Ireland
,
Duke
of
Aquitain
,
&c.
eldest
Son
to
Henry
the
Third
by
Eleanor
his
Queen
;
his
first
Wife
was
Eleanor
Daughter
to
Ferdinand
the
Third
,
King
of
Castile
,
by
whom
he
had
Issue
John
,
Henry
,
and
Alphons
,
all
dying
young
,
Edward
,
who
succeeded
him
;
Eleanor
married
to
Henry
the
Third
,
Earl
of
Barrie
;
Joan
married
to
Gilbert
Clare
,
Earl
of
Hereford
and
Gloucester
;
Margaret
married
to
John
the
Second
,
Duke
of
Brabant
;
Berenger
,
Alice
,
and
then
Mary
,
who
at
the
earnest
Entreaty
of
her
Grandmother
,
became
a
veiled
Nun
at
the
Age
of
Ten
years
;
Elizabeth
first
married
to
John
Earl
of
Holland
and
Zealand
,
then
to
Humfrey
Bohun
,
Earl
of
Hartford
and
ctssex
,
;
then
Beatrix
,
and
Blanch.
By
his
Second
Wife
Margaret
,
Daughter
to
Philip
the
Hardy
,
King
of
France
,
he
had
Issue
Thomas
Earl
of
Norfolk
,
and
Earl
Marshal
of
England
,
Edmund
Earl
of
Kent
,
and
Eleanor
,
who
dyed
young
;
he
began
his
Reign
on
the
16th
of
November
,
anno
1272.
and
reigned
34
Years
,
7
Months
,
and
12
days
,
dying
in
the
35th
year
of
his
Reign
,
and
the
69th
of
his
Age.
Thus
did
grim
Death
close
up
our
Monarch's
eyes
,
From
whom
no
mortal
Might
could
take
the
Prize
,
In
Arms
renowned
,
the
World
his
Fame
has
heard
,
Belov'd
by
most
,
and
by
all
Mankind
fear'd
.
The
Reign
and
Actions
of
Edward
the
Second
,
King
of
England
,
&c.
THis
King
,
from
the
place
of
his
Birth
,
was
called
Edward
of
Caernavon
;
he
began
his
Reign
anno
1307
,
and
prosecuting
the
Wars
of
Scotland
,
he
obliged
many
of
the
Scotch
Nobility
to
doe
him
Homage
at
Dumsreize
,
and
upon
his
return
he
imprisoned
Walter
Bishop
of
Chester
,
seizing
upon
all
his
Goods
and
Credits
,
for
causing
by
his
Complaint
the
Banishment
of
Gaveston
,
in
the
Reign
of
Edward
the
First
,
as
likewise
himself
to
be
restrained
in
his
disorderly
way
of
living
:
Then
passing
the
Seas
,
he
at
Bulloign
in
France
married
young
Isabel
,
Daughter
to
Philip
the
Fair.
King
of
France
,
and
returned
with
her
in
a
most
splendid
manner
,
bringing
back
with
him
Gaveston
,
his
darling
Favourite
,
who
was
a
Gentleman
Stranger
brought
up
with
him
in
his
youth
,
and
now
under
the
Influence
of
the
King
began
to
be
so
imperious
,
that
the
Nobility
was
set
against
him
,
yet
the
King
,
who
thought
nothing
too
dear
for
his
Minion
,
not
only
upheld
him
,
but
supplied
him
with
Treasure
to
the
highest
Profuseness
,
giving
him
his
Jewels
,
and
wishing
nothing
more
than
that
he
might
succeed
him
in
the
Throne
,
which
obliged
the
Parliament
to
pass
an
Act
for
his
perpetual
Banishment
,
but
had
much
difficulty
to
get
it
passed
by
the
King
;
nor
did
he
doe
it
but
to
pass
another
,
giving
him
a
great
Summe
of
Money
,
however
with
reluctancy
he
signed
it
;
yet
he
would
suffer
his
Privado
whom
he
had
made
Earl
of
Cornwall
to
be
no
farther
from
him
than
Ireland
,
where
he
maintained
him
in
a
splendid
manner
,
and
within
a
while
called
him
to
Court
,
and
married
him
to
Joan
of
Acres
,
Countess
of
Gloucester
,
his
Sisters
Daughter
,
which
made
him
more
insolent
than
ever
,
consuming
the
King's
Treasure
in
Feasts
,
Plays
,
and
other
Riotous
Proceedings
,
at
such
a
rate
,
that
there
was
not
enough
left
to
supply
the
necessities
of
the
Court
,
drawing
the
King
likewise
into
such
Debaucheries
,
that
the
Queen
finding
her self
sensibly
injured
,
reproved
him
at
first
with
mildness
,
but
finding
that
ineffectual
,
she
openly
complained
;
so
that
Gaveston
was
a
third
time
banished
;
yet
he
staid
not
long
before
the
King
privately
sent
for
him
,
making
him
principal
Secretary
of
State
,
which
so
incensed
as
well
the
Bishops
as
the
Temporal
Lords
,
that
they
resolved
to
expell
him
by
Force
of
Arms
,
chusing
for
their
Leader
Thomas
Earl
of
Lancaster
,
and
at
Dathington
,
whither
his
Fear
had
driven
him
,
he
was
surprized
by
Guy
Earl
of
Warwick
,
who
conveyed
him
to
Blacklow
,
where
several
of
the
Nobles
consulting
,
that
if
he
was
set
at
Liberty
he
would
work
their
Ruine
with
the
King
,
they
proceeded
to
prevent
it
,
and
without
any
formal
Tryall
caused
his
head
to
be
struk
off
,
which
greatly
incensed
the
King
,
and
raised
in
him
a
mortal
Enmity
against
those
Lords
,
yet
by
the
Mediation
of
Gilbert
Earl
of
Gloucester
they
were
seemingly
forgiven
.
The
Scots
about
this
time
rising
in
arms
under
David
Bruce
,
whom
they
had
chosen
their
King
,
or
Leader
,
entering
England
,
and
doing
great
Mischief
in
Northumberland
.
King
Edward
marched
against
them
;
but
in
this
expedition
many
of
the
discontented
Lords
refused
to
aid
him
,
under
pretence
that
he
had
delayed
to
ratifie
their
Liberties
and
Charters
,
through
which
defect
he
received
a
great
overthrow
near
Bannocksbourn
;
for
there
the
two
Armies
joining
,
the
crafty
Scots
had
in
divers
places
made
deep
Trenches
,
covering
them
with
rotten
Hurdles
and
Earth
,
so
that
the
English
Chavalry
pressing
on
,
fell
into
those
Pits
,
and
were
gored
upon
the
sharp
Stakes
that
were
placed
at
the
bottom
;
and
although
the
King
behaved
himself
with
much
bravery
,
refusing
to
leave
the
field
till
he
was
forced
thence
by
his
Friends
,
yet
the
Earl
of
Gloucester
,
the
Lord
Clifford
,
and
about
seven
hundred
Knights
and
Esquires
,
with
a
great
number
of
common
Soldiers
,
were
slain
,
many
Nobles
taken
Prisoners
,
together
with
a
large
Booty
;
and
this
was
the
greatest
Advantage
the
Scots
ever
gained
over
the
English
,
which
encouraged
them
to
make
deeper
Inroads
with
whom
some
of
the
discontented
English
joined
,
while
King
Edward
in
the
most
solemn
Pomp
interred
the
Body
of
Gaveston
at
Kings-Langley
in
Hertfordshire
,
and
soon
after
instead
of
one
he
raised
up
two
Privadoes
,
or
Favourites
,
viz.
the
Spencers
,
Father
and
Son
,
who
perceiving
themselves
high
in
the
King's
Favour
,
instead
of
taking
warning
by
the
Fate
of
Gaveston
,
they
strove
to
exceed
him
to
pride
and
Arrogance
,
which
soon
procured
them
the
hatred
of
the
Nobles
to
such
a
degree
,
that
the
King
could
not
consider
himself
in
Safety
till
he
had
consented
to
their
Banishment
.
But
now
the
Queen
,
who
had
hitherto
been
a
Mediatrix
between
the
King
and
his
Barons
,
being
denied
a
Night's
Lodging
in
one
of
the
Baron's
Castles
,
she
so
highly
resented
the
Affront
,
that
her
former
good
Offices
were
changed
into
Studies
of
Revenge
;
and
in
this
humour
she
laboured
with
the
King
to
ruine
those
she
a
little
before
had
sought
to
protect
;
and
the
King
easily
exasperated
,
soon
consented
to
pleasure
her
to
his
Power
;
and
therefore
to
cross
the
Barons
,
he
caused
the
Judgment
against
the
Spencers
to
be
reversed
.
Some
of
the
delinquent
Lords
,
fearing
the
Storm
that
threatened
them
,
submitted
to
the
King
,
others
were
taken
Prisoners
as
the
two
Roger
Mortimers
,
Father
and
Son
,
and
committed
to
the
Tower
,
but
the
rest
resolved
to
stand
out
under
the
Leading
of
the
Earl
of
Lancaster
,
but
they
were
overthrown
at
Burrough-bridg
where
Humphrey
de
Bohun
was
slain
by
a
Spear
from
under
the
Bridge
.
And
the
Earl
,
with
other
principal
Men
to
the
number
of
Ninety
,
or
upwards
,
most
of
them
Barons
and
Knights
were
taken
Prisoners
by
Andrew
de
Herkerly
,
Captain
of
Carlisle
;
for
which
Service
he
was
afterward
created
Earl
of
that
place
.
These
Noble
Prisoners
were
not
long
confined
before
they
too
sensibly
felt
the
King's
Anger
,
for
being
pushed
on
by
the
Queen
,
the
Spencers
,
and
other
Court
Favourites
;
he
caused
the
Earl
of
Lancaster
,
his
Unkle
to
be
beheaded
at
Pontefract
,
where
he
stayed
five
hours
upon
the
Scaffold
before
the
Sheriff
could
procure
an
Executioner
,
and
the
Barons
and
Knights
were
hanged
and
quartered
in
divers
places
.
And
here
the
Queen
had
her
Revenge
;
for
the
Lord
Badelmere
,
who
refused
her
the
Lodging
,
being
taken
amongst
others
,
was
hanged
before
it
;
so
that
by
this
rigorous
Execution
most
of
the
Noble
English
Bloud
supplyed
the
thirsty
Earth
with
too
precious
a
draught
:
But
it
appears
that
this
Cruelty
was
rather
an
Act
of
the
Courtiers
,
than
done
by
the
King
's
natural
Inclination
;
for
one
of
a
mean
family
being
taken
in
the
Rebellion
,
and
the
Favourites
pleading
earnestly
for
his
Pardon
,
the
King
,
in
a
great
rage
reviled
them
in
these
terms
,
viz.
A
plague
upon
you
cursed
Whisperers
,
malitious
Backbiters
,
wicked
Counselors
!
Intreat
you
for
the
Life
of
a
most
notorious
Knave
,
who
would
not
speak
one
word
for
the
Life
of
my
near
Kinsman
,
that
most
noble
Knight
,
Earl
Thomas
?
By
the
Soul
of
God
this
Fellow
shall
dye
the
death
he
has
deserved
;
and
accordingly
he
was
executed
.
In
the
Year
1322.
The
King
,
to
revenge
former
Injuries
,
marched
with
a
great
Army
into
Scotland
,
but
through
the
neglect
of
his
Purveyors
a
great
Scarcity
of
Provision
happening
,
he
was
constrained
,
without
performing
any
memorable
Action
to
make
his
Retreat
;
nor
was
the
Scots
so
contented
,
but
falling
on
his
Rear
,
not
only
cut
off
a
great
many
of
his
Men
,
but
obliged
him
to
leave
his
Baggage
,
with
much
Treasure
,
as
a
Prey
to
them
.
But
now
the
Pope
,
in
favour
of
England
,
having
interdicted
Scotland
,
a
Truce
was
concluded
between
the
two
Kingdoms
for
thirteen
Years
,
and
so
ended
this
tedious
War
,
and
the
King
had
leisure
to
make
his
Progress
through
the
several
Counties
of
York
,
Lancaster
,
and
the
Marches
of
Wales
,
punishing
such
as
had
been
in
the
former
Rebellion
,
and
amongst
others
,
Andrew
de
Herkerley
,
was
drawn
,
hanged
,
and
quartered
,
for
taking
part
with
the
Scots
.
But
now
a
greater
Storm
began
to
gather
;
for
young
Mortimer
making
his
Escape
out
at
a
Window
,
and
swimming
the
River
of
Thames
,
fled
beyond
the
Seas
,
and
joined
himself
to
other
Fugitives
,
and
banished
English
;
and
not
long
after
the
Spencers
oppressing
the
Kingdom
,
and
setting
the
King
against
the
Queen
,
she
,
under
a
pretence
of
Visiting
her
Father's
Court
at
Paris
,
found
means
,
with
her
Son
Edward
,
to
get
beyond
the
Seas
,
and
refused
,
upon
the
King
's
sending
for
her
,
to
return
,
till
she
,
joining
with
Mortimer
,
her
dear
Fovourite
,
and
other
Lords
,
raising
a
considerable
Power
,
and
holding
Correspondence
with
the
Lords
that
yet
were
disaffected
in
England
,
landed
in
a
hostil
manner
,
and
marched
against
the
King
,
who
was
preparing
to
oppose
her
,
seizing
upon
many
considerable
Towns
.
The
King
by
this
Proceeding
finding
himself
in
distress
,
and
that
the
Londoners
,
and
many
of
the
Lords
,
had
declared
against
him
,
setting
the
Prisoners
every
where
at
Liberty
,
and
recalling
those
that
were
banished
,
thought
it
good
to
avoid
coming
to
Battel
;
whereupon
the
Queen
,
with
her
Forces
,
sate
down
before
Bristol
,
took
it
,
and
therein
Spencer
the
Elder
,
whom
she
caused
to
be
cut
up
alive
,
after
being
dragged
through
the
Streets
for
the
Satisfaction
of
the
People
,
who
mortally
hated
him
.
And
now
the
King
finding
himself
in
a
manner
forsaken
,
fled
into
Wales
,
and
there
for
a
time
lay
secret
in
the
Abby
of
Neath
;
but
in
the
end
being
discovered
,
and
with
him
the
younger
Spencer
,
Robert
Baldok
,
Chancellour
,
and
Simon
de
Reading
;
the
King
hereupon
was
conveyed
to
Kenelworth
Castle
,
and
the
Lords
to
Hereford
,
where
the
Queen
lay
,
and
there
Spencer
and
Reading
being
condemned
by
Sir
William
Trussel
,
Lord
Chief
Justice
on
that
occasion
,
they
were
hanged
.
The
Confederates
with
the
Queen
having
in
this
manner
imprisoned
the
King
,
and
not
conceiving
it
safe
to
set
him
at
Liberty
,
resolved
amongst
themselves
to
make
Edward
his
Son
,
a
Prince
of
about
thirteen
years
of
Age
,
King
,
and
thereupon
sent
Sir
William
Trussel
to
the
Castle
where
the
King
was
Prisoner
,
to
acquaint
him
with
what
was
intended
,
which
put
him
into
a
mortal
Agony
,
from
whence
being
recovered
,
he
greatly
lamented
and
bewailed
his
hard
Fate
;
however
Trussel
being
instructed
what
to
doe
,
proceeded
to
unking
him
in
these
words
:
I
William
Trussel
,
in
the
Name
of
all
Men
of
the
Land
of
England
,
and
of
all
the
Parliament
,
Procurator
,
do
resign
to
thee
Edward
the
Homage
that
was
made
to
thee
some
time
,
and
from
this
time
forward
I
deprive
thee
,
and
defie
thee
of
all
Power
Royal
,
and
I
shall
never
be
tendent
to
thee
after
this
time
.
Anno
Dom.
1327.
And
here
,
following
the
Rule
of
other
Historians
,
we
put
an
End
to
his
Reign
,
though
he
lived
in
Captivity
,
as
we
shall
have
occasion
to
mention
in
the
Reign
of
his
Son
.
This
Edward
the
Second
was
King
of
England
,
Lord
of
Ireland
,
Duke
of
Aquitain
,
and
fourth
Son
of
Edward
the
First
,
by
Eleanor
his
Queen
;
he
began
his
Reign
the
7th
of
June
,
Anno
1307.
and
reigned
19
Years
,
6
Months
,
and
18
days
,
and
was
the
30th
sole
Monarch
of
England
;
he
was
murthered
Anno
1327.
in
the
20th
Year
of
his
coming
to
the
Crown
,
and
the
41st
of
his
Age
,
and
afterward
buried
at
Gloucester
:
His
Wife
was
Isabel
,
Daughter
to
Philip
the
Fair
,
King
of
France
,
and
by
her
he
had
Issue
Edward
of
Windsor
,
John
of
Eltham
,
Joan
married
to
David
Bruce
,
and
Eleanor
married
to
Reynold
Duke
of
Guelder
.
In
his
time
there
happened
a
very
great
Famine
throughout
England
,
with
many
strange
Sights
,
betokening
the
Woes
and
Miseries
that
after
followed
,
&c.
Thus
by
misguided
Zeal
a
Monarch
fell
,
Vndone
by
Parasites
he
lov'd
too
well
;
Hard
Fate
of
Princes
!
that
in
time
wont
see
Their
Friends
from
Foes
,
untill
they
ruin'd
be
.
The
Reign
and
Actions
of
Edward
the
Third
,
King
of
England
,
&c.
EDward
the
Third
,
though
scarcely
of
sufficient
years
of
Discretion
to
know
what
belonged
to
the
Titles
or
Rights
of
Crowns
and
Kingdoms
,
had
however
more
compassion
on
his
afflicted
Father
than
the
Queen
his
Mohter
had
on
her
Husband
;
for
young
as
he
was
,
when
he
heard
what
had
happened
,
he
greatly
bewailed
his
Misfortune
,
vowing
never
to
take
upon
him
the
Government
,
unless
the
King
freely
consented
to
resign
without
compulsion
;
nor
could
they
constrain
him
to
it
,
but
with
threats
that
they
would
utterly
reject
the
whole
Line
,
and
chuse
a
King
out
of
the
Nobility
,
though
of
another
Family
.
Upon
these
Considerations
the
young
King
,
eight
days
after
his
Father's
Resignation
,
was
crowned
with
the
usual
Ceremonies
;
but
the
old
King
being
yet
alive
,
and
the
People
compassionating
his
Captivity
,
his
Deposers
thought
themselves
no
ways
secure
,
especially
Mortimer
,
who
was
suspected
to
be
over
familiar
with
the
Queen
,
and
from
that
time
they
fell
to
plotting
his
death
;
in
order
to
which
Mortimer
procured
an
express
from
the
young
King
to
remove
him
,
under
pretences
of
Friendship
and
Advantage
,
but
indeed
that
he
might
put
him
into
such
hands
as
he
was
sure
would
dispatch
him
,
and
thereupon
he
was
conveyed
to
Berkley
Castle
,
when
by
the
way
,
for
fear
he
should
be
rescued
by
the
People
,
who
had
yet
some
remains
of
Love
for
him
,
they
set
him
on
a
Mole-hill
,
in
order
to
shave
him
,
for
the
better
disquise
,
and
in
an
insulting
manner
told
him
,
That
the
Water
of
the
next
Ditch
should
accommodate
him
for
that
purpose
,
to
which
the
sorrowfull
King
replied
,
That
there
should
be
warm
Water
whether
they
would
or
not
,
and
thereupon
sent
forth
a
floud
of
Tears
,
and
being
arrived
at
Berkley
Castle
,
in
the
Custody
of
Thomas
Gurney
,
and
John
Matravers
,
he
was
murthered
by
them
,
or
such
as
they
appointed
,
in
this
barbarous
manner
,
viz.
being
bound
to
a
bed
with
his
face
downwards
they
thrust
a
hollow
Horn
into
his
Fundament
,
and
through
that
,
to
prevent
any
burning
or
searing
in
the
outward
parts
,
they
thrust
an
Iron
Instrument
,
red
hot
,
twisting
it
amidst
his
Bowels
,
till
with
horrible
pain
and
torment
,
amidst
crys
and
groans
he
expired
.
And
this
Wickedness
Historians
record
to
be
acted
upon
Mortimer's
sending
an
ambiguous
Sentence
,
prepared
by
Adam
Torleton
,
Eishop
of
Hereford
,
to
such
as
kept
the
Castle
,
viz.
Edvardum
occedere
nolite
t●mere
bonum
est
To
kill
King
Edward
refuse
to
be
afraid
is
good
This
passage
in
Mortimer's
Letter
being
written
without
stops
,
and
the
Keeper
well-knowing
that
aspiring
Lord
had
no
kindness
for
the
King
,
took
it
as
the
Writer
truly
meant
though
Mortimer
upon
his
being
Accused
,
alledged
,
his
Command
was
not
to
kill
the
King
,
but
that
he
sent
word
it
was
good
to
be
afraid
to
doe
it
.
Young
King
Edward
,
upon
the
inhumane
Murther
of
his
Father
,
was
on
the
Borders
of
Scotland
,
and
had
environed
the
Scots
in
the
Woods
of
Wividale
,
and
Stanhope
;
but
Mortimer
desirous
to
eclipse
the
Glory
of
that
young
Prince
,
that
his
own
might
appear
,
so
carried
the
Matter
,
that
through
the
carelessness
of
the
English
Army
they
escaped
;
so
that
the
King
,
after
a
vast
Expence
of
Treasure
,
and
the
hazard
of
his
Life
,
which
had
been
lost
had
not
his
Chaplain
stepped
between
him
and
Death
,
receiving
the
mortal
Wound
in
his
own
Body
,
returned
inglorious
:
And
soon
after
Joan
,
the
King's
Sister
,
was
married
to
David
Bruce
,
whom
the
Scots
had
made
their
King
;
whereupon
a
Peace
,
though
somewhat
dishonourable
to
the
English
,
ensued
;
and
in
the
same
year
,
viz.
1327
dyed
Charles
the
Fair
,
King
of
France
,
without
Issue
,
by
which
means
that
Crown
devolved
to
King
Edward
,
in
Right
of
his
Mother
,
Daughter
to
Philip
the
Fair
,
and
Sister
to
Cha●l●s
;
but
to
bar
the
English
of
that
Advantage
,
the
French
Peers
opposed
their
Salique
Law
,
pretending
thereby
,
that
no
Woman
was
capable
of
Inheriting
the
Crown
of
France
,
or
being
admitted
the
Regency
;
and
thereupon
they
admitted
Phillip
de
Valois
,
whose
Father
was
younger
Brother
to
Philip
the
Fair
,
which
afterward
cost
the
French
many
showers
of
Bloud
.
About
this
time
the
Lord
Mortimer
and
the
Queen
Mother
,
perceiving
Edmund
Earl
of
Kent
,
the
King's
Uncle
,
to
cross
their
purposes
,
found
means
to
procure
his
Death
;
which
so
far
opened
the
Eyes
of
the
young
King
,
together
with
the
Report
,
that
his
Mother
was
with
Child
by
Mortimer
,
as
not
to
think
himself
in
safety
till
he
had
crushed
that
ambitious
Man
▪
and
the
better
to
doe
it
,
he
undertook
a
daring
Enterprize
;
for
fearing
he
was
with
the
Queen
at
Notingham
Castle
,
notwithstanding
it
was
strongly
guarded
,
he
entered
in
the
night
time
accompanied
with
a
few
of
his
trusty
Friends
,
and
by
an
unsuspected
way
,
viz.
through
a
Vault
under
ground
,
coming
suddenly
into
his
Mother's
Chamber
,
found
Mortimer
undressed
,
and
ready
to
go
to
Bed
to
her
;
whereupon
he
caused
him
to
be
a
Arrested
,
and
carried
away
Prisoner
,
and
being
tryed
in
open
Parliament
he
was
Condemened
at
Westminster
,
upon
several
Articles
,
viz.
For
causing
the
King
to
make
a
dishonorable
Peace
with
the
Scots
,
and
taking
large
Bribes
to
procure
it
.
For
procuring
the
Death
of
King
Edward
the
Second
,
and
his
over
Familiarity
with
Queen
Isabel
.
For
his
oppressing
the
People
by
illegal
Exactions
.
And
lastly
,
For
embezzling
the
King's
Treasures
.
And
for
these
and
the
like
receiving
Sentence
,
as
a
Traytor
,
he
was
drawn
to
Tyburn
,
and
there
hanged
,
and
his
Body
left
on
the
Gallows
for
the
space
of
two
days
and
nights
;
and
with
him
in
the
same
manner
dyed
Sir
Simon
de
Bedford
,
and
John
Deverell
Esq
as
Contrivers
of
King
Edward
the
Second's
Death
;
the
Queen
had
likewise
her
Pension
shortened
.
And
now
there
arising
a
Dispute
between
the
Houses
of
Baliol
and
Bruce
,
for
the
Crown
of
Scotland
,
King
Edward
,
not
thinking
himself
obliged
to
stand
to
what
Mortimer
,
and
his
Mother
,
had
done
in
his
Minority
,
since
many
of
his
Towns
were
detained
,
raised
a
considerable
Army
,
and
striking
in
with
Edward
Baliol
,
besieged
Berwick
,
when
to
relieve
it
the
whole
Power
of
Scotland
advanced
,
so
that
at
Halydon
Hill
the
Battel
was
joined
,
and
after
an
obstinate
bloudy
Fight
the
Scots
were
routed
with
great
slaughter
;
there
dyed
Archibald
Douglas
,
Earl
of
Angus
,
Governour
of
Scotland
,
the
Earls
of
Southerland
,
Carrick
and
Ross
,
the
three
Sons
of
the
Lord
Walter
Steward
,
and
about
14000
of
lesser
rank
,
with
a
very
inconsiderable
damage
to
the
English
;
whereupon
Berwick
surrendered
,
and
Baliol
was
accepted
King
of
Scotland
,
submitting
to
King
Edward
as
his
Homager
,
for
the
Kingdom
,
and
he
in
lieu
thereof
became
his
Protector
.
King
Edward
having
settled
Scotland
,
began
to
take
into
Consideration
the
Injuries
the
French
had
done
,
in
preventing
him
of
his
Right
;
as
likewise
by
encroaching
upon
his
Territories
in
that
Kingdom
,
and
finding
no
redress
by
way
of
Embassy
,
he
resolved
to
gain
it
by
the
Sword
;
yet
to
justifie
his
Actions
,
he
sent
his
Reasons
to
the
College
of
Cardinals
,
and
the
better
to
strengthen
his
Interest
made
a
League
with
the
High
and
Low
Dutch
,
as
he
did
with
other
foreign
Potentates
;
and
now
he
proceeds
to
require
a
Supply
,
which
being
liberally
given
,
and
Moneys
raised
,
by
sundry
other
ways
,
he
raised
a
gallant
Army
,
and
crossed
the
Seas
to
Antwerp
,
assuming
by
the
importunity
of
the
Flemings
,
the
Title
and
Armories
of
France
,
quartering
the
Lillies
with
the
Lions
;
and
having
all
things
in
a
readiness
,
he
entered
the
North
part
of
that
Kingdom
,
burning
and
destroying
the
Country
as
far
as
Turwin
,
returning
with
the
Spoil
to
Antwerp
,
where
,
with
Philippa
,
his
Queen
,
he
kept
Christmas
,
and
about
Candlemas
set
Sail
for
England
.
The
French
having
had
a
tast
of
the
King
of
England's
Courage
,
and
he
resolving
to
goe
on
pressed
the
Parliament
for
a
greater
Supply
,
which
was
liberally
granted
,
and
he
in
lieu
of
that
Kindness
gave
a
general
Pardon
of
Trespasses
,
and
other
dues
to
him
,
confirming
Magna
Charta
,
and
Charta
de
Forestae
;
and
on
the
23d
.
of
June
set
sail
from
Harwich
,
intending
for
Sluce
,
but
in
the
way
was
encountered
by
400
French
Ships
,
with
which
the
King
engaged
,
and
having
the
favour
of
the
Wind
and
Sun
made
an
almost
incredible
Destruction
,
so
that
the
terrour
of
the
English
caused
many
of
the
French
to
leave
their
Ships
,
and
leap
into
the
Sea
,
so
that
Thirty
thousand
are
said
to
have
perished
together
,
with
the
greatest
part
of
the
Fleet
,
and
the
King
landing
,
entered
France
,
sitting
down
before
Tourney
from
whence
he
sent
the
French
King
a
Challenge
to
fight
single
handed
for
the
Kingdom
,
or
if
that
pleased
not
,
each
to
bring
100
Men
into
the
Field
,
for
the
saving
the
effusion
of
more
bloud
,
or
otherwise
within
Ten
days
to
join
Battel
,
near
Tourney
:
But
to
this
King
Philip
made
no
direct
Answer
,
alledging
,
the
Letter
was
not
sent
to
him
,
the
King
of
France
,
but
barely
to
Philip
d'
Valois
,
(
for
so
it
was
directed
)
and
he
therefore
thought
himself
in
honour
not
bound
to
Answer
it
;
yet
he
approached
the
English
Camp
with
a
very
numerous
Army
,
and
every
day
Battel
was
expected
,
but
Two
Cardinals
,
and
the
Mother
of
King
Philip
so
laboured
to
prevent
the
slaughter
that
must
have
ensued
,
that
a
Truce
was
concluded
till
the
Midsummer
following
.
The
Truce
was
no
sooner
expired
,
but
King
Edward
invaded
Normandy
to
the
City
of
Caen
,
and
over-ran
the
Countrey
allmost
within
sight
of
the
Walls
of
Paris
,
forcing
his
way
over
the
Sein
,
and
where
the
Bridges
were
broken
down
,
and
the
better
to
encourage
his
Men
to
beat
off
the
French
that
guarded
the
farther
Shoar
,
he
entered
the
Water
,
at
a
Ford
in
the
head
of
the
Army
,
crying
,
He
that
loves
me
let
him
follow
;
so
marching
towards
Cressie
,
in
the
Province
of
Ponthieu
,
he
understood
the
French
King
was
advancing
with
100000
Horse
and
Foot
;
nor
was
it
long
before
the
two
Armies
came
in
sight
of
each
other
,
which
made
King
Edward
divid
his
Forces
into
three
Battalions
,
giving
the
Van
in
charge
to
his
Son
Edward
,
commonly
called
,
The
Black
Prince
,
through
the
Warlike
Actions
that
attended
his
Life
,
&c.
the
middle
Battalion
he
reduced
under
the
Command
of
the
Earls
Arundel
and
Northhampton
;
and
the
last
he
retained
himself
,
placing
his
Carriages
in
the
Rear
,
commanding
every
man
to
leave
his
Horse
,
and
fight
on
Foot
,
as
resolving
either
to
win
the
Victory
,
or
dye
.
As
for
the
French
Army
,
the
King
of
Bohemia
,
and
the
Earl
of
Alanson
,
had
the
charge
of
the
Van-guard
,
King
Philip
of
the
Main
Battel
,
and
the
Earl
of
Savoy
of
the
Rear
;
and
no
sooner
the
Charge
was
sounded
,
but
a
bloudy
Conflict
ensued
,
whilst
King
Edward
stood
upon
a
hill
with
his
Battalion
to
behold
the
Event
,
and
at
the
beginning
the
French
Horse
charging
with
great
Fury
,
made
the
Prince
give
way
,
and
had
allmost
enclosed
his
Battalion
,
which
made
the
Nobles
that
had
the
care
of
his
Person
send
to
the
King
,
to
advertize
him
of
the
danger
his
Son
was
in
,
when
demanding
only
whether
the
Prince
was
alive
,
and
certified
that
he
was
,
so
instead
of
sending
the
succours
demanded
,
he
replied
,
Let
them
send
no
more
to
me
for
any
Adventure
that
may
befall
whilst
my
Son
is
alive
,
but
let
them
either
vanquish
or
dye
,
because
the
Honour
of
this
glorious
day
shall
be
solely
his
,
if
God
suffer
him
to
survive
.
This
resolute
return
not
only
made
the
English
obstinate
in
fighting
,
but
repent
they
had
sent
to
require
aid
;
wherefore
redoubling
their
fury
,
the
French
were
overthrown
on
heaps
,
especially
by
the
Showres
of
Arrows
that
continually
poured
upon
them
,
from
whence
such
a
rout
and
disorder
ensued
,
that
their
Horse
trampled
down
their
Foot
,
so
that
all
was
in
confusion
,
and
nothing
remained
for
the
English
,
but
the
Slaughter
of
the
flying
French
men
,
and
the
Field
being
entirely
won
,
the
King
advanced
and
embraced
his
Son
,
encouraging
him
to
future
Glory
by
so
prosperous
a
beginning
.
In
this
Battel
were
slain
Eleven
Princes
,
and
about
1500
Barons
,
Knights
,
and
Men
of
Arms
:
Here
fell
the
Kings
of
Bohemia
,
and
Major●u
,
Earl
of
Alanson
,
Duke
of
Lorain
,
Duke
of
Burbon
,
Earl
of
Flanders
,
Earl
of
Savoy
,
the
Dauphin
of
Vienois
,
the
Earl
of
Sancerrer
and
Harecourt
,
the
Earls
of
Aumarl
and
Nevers
,
with
six
Counts
of
the
Empire
;
the
grand
Prior
of
France
,
and
Archbishop
of
Roan
;
and
of
the
meaner
sort
about
30000.
The
English
lost
not
above
Five
thousand
,
and
amongst
them
none
of
considerable
Note
.
The
King
by
this
means
grown
terrible
to
the
French
,
marched
to
Calais
,
and
straitly
besieged
it
,
yet
permitted
about
1508
Starvelings
,
whom
the
Governour
had
turned
out
to
spare
Provision
,
free
passage
,
relieving
them
with
Victuals
,
and
Money
.
And
now
the
French
finding
their
own
weakness
,
dealt
underhand
,
stirring
up
the
Scots
,
that
so
they
might
divert
the
King's
Forces
nearer
home
;
but
they
being
encountred
near
Durham
,
were
overthrown
,
and
their
King
David
taken
Prisoner
,
and
in
the
Encounter
the
Earls
of
Murray
and
Strathern
,
the
Constable
,
Marshal
,
Chamberlain
,
and
Chancellour
,
with
many
other
Nobles
,
were
slain
.
The
Noble
Prisoners
,
beside
the
King
,
were
the
Earls
of
Douglas
,
Fife
,
Weigton
,
Southerland
,
and
Mentieth
,
and
King
Edward
being
still
in
France
,
sent
Parties
abroad
under
several
Generals
,
who
gained
great
advantages
over
the
French
,
insomuch
that
the
Kingdom
was
quite
disheartened
,
not
only
to
see
their
Field
Forces
worsted
,
but
their
Towns
drop
away
very
fast
,
and
amongst
the
rest
that
considerable
one
of
Brigerac
,
where
the
Earl
of
Darby
and
Lancaster
commanding
the
Forces
,
promised
,
the
better
to
encourage
his
Soldiers
,
that
when
the
Town
was
taken
,
every
Man
should
have
the
Plunder
of
the
first
house
he
enterd
;
when
so
it
happened
that
a
common
Soldier
broke
into
the
Mint-Master's
Stores
,
and
there
found
great
store
of
coined
and
uncoined
Gold
and
Silver
,
insomuch
that
not
knowing
how
to
dispose
of
it
,
he
acquainted
the
Earl
with
his
Fortune
,
desiring
him
to
take
it
into
his
possession
;
but
he
generously
refused
,
saying
,
that
his
word
was
past
,
and
he
would
not
recall
it
;
and
the
King
having
lain
eleven
months
before
Calais
,
had
it
surrendred
upon
discretion
,
which
was
seconded
by
the
News
that
Sir
Walter
de
Bendley
had
vanquished
the
Marshal
of
France
,
slain
13
Lords
,
140
Knights
,
100
Esquires
,
and
made
9
Lords
Prisoners
,
with
many
Knights
,
and
Gentlemen
of
Note
;
so
that
the
French
suing
for
Peace
,
and
offering
extraordinary
Advantages
to
the
English
,
it
was
accorded
upon
sundry
Articles
and
Limitations
;
but
the
French
not
long
observing
them
,
the
War
broke
out
again
,
more
dreadfull
than
before
;
for
King
Edward
,
who
had
withdrawn
the
greatest
part
of
his
Forces
,
entred
again
that
Kingdom
with
a
puissant
Army
,
laying
a
great
part
of
it
waste
;
but
in
the
mean
while
King
Philip
dying
,
and
John
coming
to
the
Crown
,
and
upon
his
giving
the
Dutchy
of
Aquitain
to
Charles
the
Dauphin
,
King
Edward
,
to
counter-balance
him
,
gave
it
to
Prince
Edward
his
Son
,
commanding
him
to
defend
it
,
who
passing
thither
with
an
Army
,
took
most
of
the
Towns
with
little
resistence
,
when
heightened
with
the
Success
,
he
pierced
as
far
as
the
Gates
of
Burges
in
Berry
,
but
in
his
return
to
Bourdeaux
,
John
the
French
King
opposed
him
with
a
very
numerous
Army
,
but
notwithstanding
he
had
six
to
one
in
the
Field
,
he
was
overthrown
by
the
Prince
,
and
taken
Prisoner
,
together
with
Philip
his
youngest
Son
,
the
Archbishop
of
Sens
,
with
many
great
Lords
,
and
about
two
thousand
Knights
,
Esquires
,
and
Gentlemen
,
bearing
Armories
,
and
in
the
Fight
were
slain
Fifty
two
Lords
,
one
thousand
seven
hundred
Knights
,
Esquires
,
and
Gentlemen
,
together
with
the
King's
Standard-Bearer
,
and
about
six
thousand
Common
Soldiers
,
it
being
ever
the
Fate
of
France
to
have
the
loss
fall
heavy
on
the
Nobility
;
and
after
many
other
advantages
gained
,
the
Prince
settling
his
Affairs
,
returned
to
England
with
his
Prisoners
,
and
was
received
with
great
Triumph
;
and
Henry
Picard
being
then
Lord
Mayor
of
London
,
at
his
own
charge
feasted
four
Kings
,
viz.
of
England
,
France
,
Scotland
,
and
Cyprus
,
and
eight
days
were
taken
up
in
giving
Glory
to
God
for
the
Victory
;
and
the
King
not
thinking
the
English
Interest
in
France
sufficiently
secured
,
sent
over
a
Fleet
of
1100
Sail
,
and
coming
with
his
Army
before
the
Walls
of
Paris
,
he
knighted
,
for
their
better
Encouragement
in
military
Atchievments
,
400
Esquires
and
Gentlemen
,
but
at
length
,
through
many
Mediations
and
Intercessions
,
it
was
concluded
that
King
Edward
and
his
Son
,
should
ever
release
unto
King
John
,
and
his
Heirs
,
the
Right
and
Claim
they
had
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
and
Dutchy
of
Normandy
,
&c
,
and
in
lieu
thereof
King
John
,
and
his
Son
,
should
for
them
and
their
Heirs
,
release
unto
King
Edward
,
and
his
Heirs
,
the
entire
Countrey
of
Aquitain
,
Santogne
,
and
their
Dependences
,
&c.
That
King
John
should
pay
300000
Schuts
of
Gold
,
each
valued
at
six
Shillings
eight
pence
Sterling
;
which
Agreement
was
ratified
at
Calais
,
but
not
all
performed
;
for
now
the
Black
Prince
dying
,
Anno
1377.
in
the
46th
year
of
his
Age
,
and
the
King
growing
in
years
,
and
sickly
,
matters
abroad
were
neglected
,
and
the
French
renewed
their
Encroachments
;
nor
did
the
King
long
survive
the
death
of
that
dear
Son
,
for
having
appointed
the
Son
of
that
Prince
to
succeed
him
in
the
Throne
,
he
dyed
on
the
21st
of
June
,
Anno
377.
in
the
51st
year
of
his
Reign
,
and
was
the
31st
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
&c.
This
Edward
was
King
of
England
and
France
,
Lord
of
Ireland
,
and
Duke
of
Aquitain
,
eldest
Son
to
Edward
the
Second
by
Isabel
his
Queen
,
Daughter
to
Philip
the
Fair
,
King
of
France
,
he
dyed
at
Shene
in
Surry
,
and
was
buried
at
Westminster
;
his
Wife
was
Philip
,
Daughter
to
the
Earl
of
Hanault
and
Holland
,
by
whom
he
had
Issue
Edward
the
Black
Prince
,
William
of
Hatfield
,
Lionel
Duke
of
Clarence
,
John
of
Gaunt
,
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
Edward
Earl
of
Cambridge
,
and
Duke
of
York
,
William
of
Windsor
,
and
Thomas
of
Woodstock
,
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
Isabel
married
to
Ingelram
of
Guisnes
,
Earl
of
Soysons
,
and
Arch
Duke
of
Austria
,
Joan
espoused
by
proxy
to
Alphons
the
Eleventh
,
King
of
Castile
and
Leon
,
but
dyed
before
the
consummation
of
the
Nuptials
,
Blanch
who
dyed
young
,
Mary
married
to
John
Montfort
,
Duke
of
Bretaigne
,
and
Margaret
married
to
John
de
Hasting
,
Earl
of
Pembroke
.
He
built
many
stately
Fabricks
,
settled
the
Wool
Staple
at
Calais
,
instituted
the
Order
of
the
Garter
,
restrained
the
Pope
from
conferring
Benefices
upon
Strangers
,
constituted
Prince
Edward
his
Son
first
Duke
of
Cornwall
,
since
inherent
to
the
Eldest
Son
of
the
Kings
of
England
;
in
his
time
florished
the
famous
John
Wickliff
,
who
first
openly
and
successfully
opposed
the
Pope
,
and
exposed
the
manifest
Errours
of
the
Church
of
Rome
.
Blazing
Stars
likewise
appeared
with
continued
Rains
,
and
a
great
Mortality
through
all
Europe
so
vehemently
,
that
the
Dead
were
more
than
the
Living
.
Thus
the
great
Warrier
after
all
his
Toil
,
From
whom
whilst
living
none
could
take
the
spoil
,
Dropt
in
old
Age
,
and
made
the
Grave
his
Bed
,
Whom
late
the
Nations
did
both
love
and
dread
.
The
Reign
and
Actions
of
Richard
the
II.
King
of
England
,
&c.
THis
Richard
was
Son
to
Edward
the
Black
Prince
,
he
was
crowned
on
the
21st
of
June
,
1377
,
in
the
eleventh
Year
of
his
Age
,
but
the
Government
growing
out
of
Frame
,
by
reason
of
the
King's
Nonage
,
and
the
Differences
amongst
the
Nobility
,
the
French
took
the
opportunity
to
invade
some
Sea
coast
Towns
,
and
the
Scots
were
emboldened
to
enter
England
,
burning
Roxborough
;
and
to
augment
the
miseries
of
the
English
the
Pestilence
raged
fearfully
in
the
Northern
parts
,
so
that
the
glorious
Face
of
things
seemed
utterly
to
be
changed
;
but
a
better
Accord
ensuing
,
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
regained
Berwick
;
and
in
the
Year
1379.
a
Parliament
being
held
at
London
,
where
it
was
agreed
that
the
more
wealthy
sort
should
be
taxed
for
the
King
's
present
occasions
,
and
the
poorer
exempted
;
but
this
held
not
long
,
for
the
next
year
another
Parliament
being
called
at
Northamp●on
,
a
Poll
Tax
was
agreed
on
,
that
every
Person
of
either
Sex
,
above
the
Age
of
Sixteen
,
should
pay
12
pence
a
head
,
which
was
looked
upon
as
so
great
a
Grievance
,
that
many
refused
not
only
to
pay
it
,
but
took
up
Arms
,
especially
in
Kent
,
Surry
,
Essex
,
Norfolk
,
Suffolk
,
and
Cambridge-shire
,
under
the
Leading
of
those
notorious
Persons
Jack
Straw
,
and
Wat.
Tyler
,
who
making
no
less
than
one
hundred
thousand
came
to
London
,
where
the
multitude
sided
with
them
,
and
committed
many
outrages
,
as
burning
the
Priory
of
Saint
John's
,
the
Duke
of
Lancaster's
Palace
at
the
Savoy
,
us
likewise
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury's
Goods
at
Lambeth
,
defacing
all
Rolls
,
Records
,
and
Writings
,
wherever
they
found
them
,
as
professing
themselves
great
Enemies
to
the
Law
;
nor
did
this
suffice
,
but
dragging
the
Archbishop
,
then
Chancellour
of
England
,
and
Sir
Robert
Hales
,
Lord
Prior
of
St.
John's
,
out
of
the
Tower
,
though
the
King
was
present
,
they
in
a
rude
and
barbarous
manner
heheaded
them
on
logs
of
Timber
,
with
loud
Shouts
and
Rejoicings
,
and
proceeded
to
exhibite
many
unreasonable
Petitions
,
yet
necessity
constrained
the
King
either
to
dissemble
their
Insolence
,
or
grant
them
their
Demands
;
whereupon
many
dispersed
,
went
to
their
respective
Habitations
,
and
the
rest
the
King
by
his
Proclamation
ordered
to
meet
him
in
Smithfield
,
with
promises
of
Satisfaction
,
where
in
great
numbers
they
came
,
armed
with
a
Messeline
of
Weapons
,
headed
by
Wat.
Tyler
,
who
in
presence
of
the
King
using
insolent
Speeches
,
and
attempting
to
kill
Sir
John
Newton
for
contradicting
him
,
William
Walworth
,
Lord
Mayor
of
London
,
being
by
,
and
no
longer
able
to
endure
such
Arrogance
,
after
some
Expressions
of
his
Resentment
,
stabbed
Tyler
with
a
Dagger
,
which
his
companions
perceiving
,
prepared
to
take
a
bloudy
Revenge
;
but
the
King
taking
courage
,
spurred
forward
,
commanding
them
to
follow
him
,
declaring
that
he
would
be
their
Captain
,
and
in
the
mean
while
Walworth
armed
the
Citizens
,
and
came
with
a
thousand
well
appointed
men
,
bearing
Tyler's
Head
on
a
Spear
before
them
,
by
which
he
so
daunted
the
rout
,
that
they
threw
down
their
Weapons
,
and
besaught
the
King's
Mercy
,
with
a
Promise
of
future
Obedience
;
and
Walworth
for
this
Act
was
knighted
,
with
a
Donative
of
one
hundred
pounds
a
year
free
Land
;
and
from
this
Action
many
will
have
it
that
the
Dagger
was
added
to
the
City
Arms
;
and
soon
after
this
Jack
Straw
,
and
about
1500
others
were
executed
upon
the
account
of
this
Rebellion
,
Straw
at
his
death
confessing
that
their
Design
was
to
murther
the
King
and
Nobles
,
and
set
up
petty
Kings
of
their
own
chusing
in
every
Shire
.
The
Nation
being
better
at
quiet
,
the
King
bethought
himself
of
Marrying
,
and
in
order
to
it
having
treated
with
the
Emperour
,
Charles
the
Fourth
,
for
the
Lady
Anne
his
Daughter
,
she
was
sent
into
England
,
and
the
Nuptials
were
celebrated
,
upon
which
a
Peace
with
France
ensued
;
yet
the
Scots
continued
to
invade
the
Northern
parts
,
though
with
various
Success
;
but
this
was
not
all
;
for
the
King
advancing
divers
persons
of
mean
worth
to
the
highest
Dignities
,
or
at
least
the
greatest
Favours
,
and
places
of
Trust
;
the
Nobles
began
to
murmur
,
and
fall
off
,
so
that
although
a
Parliament
was
called
,
they
would
not
grant
the
King
any
Aids
,
unless
his
Favourites
were
removed
or
degraded
,
which
he
could
not
well
digest
,
and
therefore
resolved
to
find
out
some
other
way
to
supply
his
Coffers
;
in
order
to
which
he
seized
upon
the
Estates
and
Effects
of
sundry
that
had
withdrawn
themselves
,
and
consulting
his
Lawyers
for
his
better
justification
,
about
sundry
Articles
of
Treason
,
in
the
compass
of
which
the
Lords
that
stood
out
might
fall
,
he
got
them
subscribed
at
Nottingham
by
Robert
Trisilian
,
Chief
Justiciar
,
Robert
Belknap
,
Chief
Justice
of
the
Common
Pleas
,
John
Holt
,
Roger
Fulthrop
,
and
William
Burgh
,
Justiciars
,
as
likewise
by
John
Lecton
,
Serjeant
at
Law
,
whereupon
he
proclaimed
them
Traitors
,
and
both
sides
armed
;
but
the
King
finding
the
Lords
too
powerfull
for
him
,
and
that
they
had
discovered
the
Snares
he
had
laid
to
entrap
them
,
thought
it
no
time
to
oppose
his
small
number
against
forty
thousand
men
,
but
shut
himself
up
with
such
Forces
as
he
had
in
the
Tower
of
London
,
where
he
had
laid
up
Stores
for
his
Subsistence
,
if
things
came
to
farther
Extremity
.
The
King
withdrawn
,
the
Lords
came
to
Westminster
,
and
there
assembling
to
consult
what
was
to
be
done
,
they
resolved
to
dispatch
a
Messenger
,
to
let
the
King
know
,
that
if
he
left
not
the
Tower
,
and
came
quickly
to
them
,
that
things
might
be
better
settled
,
and
ordered
,
they
would
proceed
to
chuse
a
King
that
should
and
would
hearken
to
,
and
the
Judgment
and
Counsel
of
his
Peers
.
This
,
though
much
against
his
will
,
constrained
him
to
meet
them
at
Westminster
,
and
after
some
debate
consented
to
remove
from
his
Person
Alexander
Nevil
,
Archbishop
of
York
,
the
Bishops
of
Durham
and
Chichester
,
the
Lords
Zouch
and
Beaumont
,
and
many
others
,
with
certain
chargeable
Court-Ladies
,
who
were
maintained
as
Spies
upon
the
Actions
of
the
Nobility
;
and
the
better
to
make
up
the
breach
a
Parliament
was
summoned
,
in
which
the
Judges
were
called
to
an
Account
,
for
the
subscribing
of
the
Articles
,
and
other
matters
,
and
most
of
them
being
arrested
,
as
they
sate
in
Judgment
,
were
sent
Prisoners
to
the
Tower
,
but
Trisilian
took
an
opportunity
to
escape
,
yet
being
apprehended
,
he
was
in
the
morning
sentenced
in
Parliament
,
and
in
the
Afternoon
,
pursuant
to
that
Sentence
,
as
one
that
had
wheedled
in
the
rest
to
a
compliance
,
he
was
conveyed
to
Tyburn
,
and
there
had
his
Throat
cut
by
Hand
of
the
common
Executioner
,
and
many
others
were
put
to
death
as
evil
Counselours
,
and
Betrayers
of
the
People
.
The
Estates
of
the
King
's
chief
Favourites
were
likewise
confiscated
;
but
the
Scots
at
the
same
time
invading
the
Northern
Parts
,
the
Proceedings
were
not
carried
on
to
the
highth
as
was
otherways
intended
;
and
not
long
after
the
Scale
turned
for
another
Parliament
,
being
called
at
London
,
the
Sanctuary
of
former
Laws
,
and
all
partscular
Charters
of
Pardon
were
disannulled
,
and
taken
away
from
Thomas
Duke
Gloucester
,
the
Earl
of
Arundel
,
and
others
,
for
their
Treasonable
Practices
and
Enterprizes
,
and
all
the
Justiciars
who
stood
for
the
King
were
cleared
from
the
Danger
and
Scandal
they
lay
under
,
and
the
Articles
they
had
signed
were
ratified
,
and
such
as
had
offended
against
them
proclaimed
Traitors
,
and
Richard
Earl
of
Arund●l
was
beheaded
on
Tower-Hill
,
as
guilty
of
the
breach
of
them
.
The
Earl
of
Warwick
upon
the
like
cause
was
banished
,
and
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
arrested
,
and
carried
to
Calais
,
where
he
was
privately
made
away
,
and
the
King
created
himself
Earl
of
Chester
,
and
to
his
Escutcheon
Royal
added
the
Armories
of
Edward
the
Confessour
,
creating
his
Cosin
Henry
Duke
of
Hereford
,
who
was
not
long
after
accused
by
Thomas
Mowbray
,
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
for
speaking
dangerous
words
of
the
King
,
and
Mowbray
constantly
affirming
what
Hereford
denied
,
the
Combat
was
granted
them
,
and
all
things
in
order
to
it
prepared
;
but
when
they
were
entred
the
Lists
,
and
at
the
point
of
defying
each
other
to
death
,
the
King
threw
down
his
Warder
,
by
that
means
staying
the
Combat
,
changed
the
manner
of
the
Order
,
and
banished
them
the
Kingdom
,
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
for
ever
,
and
the
Duke
of
Hereford
first
for
ten
Years
,
then
for
six
only
,
constraining
them
upon
pain
of
death
immediately
to
depart
,
and
soon
after
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
Father
to
the
latter
,
and
Uncle
to
the
King
,
dying
,
he
seized
on
all
his
Wealth
,
which
was
extremely
considerable
,
he
being
looked
upon
one
of
the
richest
uncrowned
Heads
in
Europe
.
Long
had
not
these
Things
passed
,
before
the
Irish
fell
into
Rebellion
,
when
to
quiet
them
King
Richard
raised
a
great
Army
,
to
supply
which
he
grievously
oppressed
his
Subjects
by
a
heavy
Tax
,
which
begot
no
small
Hatred
amongst
the
People
;
so
that
some
of
the
Nobles
who
favoured
Hereford
,
now
become
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
sent
to
him
to
advertize
him
of
the
Discontents
,
letting
him
know
that
this
was
his
time
to
make
his
Fortune
,
and
he
not
delaying
the
opportunity
,
with
an
Army
of
about
2000
English
and
Foreigners
,
landed
whilst
King
Richard
was
busie
in
Ireland
,
and
was
immediately
joined
by
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
and
his
Son
,
and
declaring
as
a
specious
pretence
he
came
for
no
more
than
his
Dutchy
of
Lancaster
;
the
People
in
compassion
of
his
wrong
flocked
about
him
from
all
parts
,
so
that
the
Duke
of
York
,
whom
King
Richard
had
left
Governour
of
the
Kingdom
till
his
Return
from
his
Irish
Expedition
,
not
being
able
to
oppose
the
Torrent
,
was
obliged
to
acquiess
,
and
suffer
him
to
take
Bristol
,
where
Bushy
and
Green
,
two
of
the
King
's
Privy
Counselours
,
being
made
Prisoners
,
they
lost
their
Heads
to
please
the
multitude
.
This
allarmed
King
Richard
in
Ireland
,
and
obliged
him
to
hasten
for
England
,
gathering
some
Troups
in
Wales
,
which
he
joined
to
those
he
brought
over
;
but
few
of
the
Nobles
coming
to
his
Assistence
,
and
finding
himself
too
weak
to
oppose
the
Torrent
,
he
suffered
them
to
disband
,
and
betook
himself
,
with
a
few
of
his
Followers
,
to
Conwoth
Castle
,
and
from
thence
sent
to
demand
Honourable
Conditions
,
and
amongst
the
rest
,
That
if
himself
,
and
eight
more
whom
he
should
name
,
might
have
Allowance
becoming
their
Qualities
,
and
an
assurance
of
a
quiet
Private
Life
,
he
would
be
content
to
resign
the
Crown
to
his
Cosin
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
and
being
promised
what
what
was
demanded
,
he
put
himself
into
the
hands
of
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
and
was
conveyed
to
the
Tower
of
London
;
whereupon
a
Parliament
was
called
in
his
Name
to
sit
at
Westminster
,
who
concluding
upon
his
Resignation
,
sent
an
Instrument
to
him
in
order
to
his
subscribing
,
which
being
accordingly
done
,
as
likewise
seal'd
,
he
put
his
Signet
Ring
,
upon
the
Duke's
Finger
,
and
after
this
a
definitive
Sentence
passed
in
Parliament
,
at
which
time
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
rising
from
his
Seat
,
made
his
Claim
and
Challenge
to
the
Crown
in
the
following
words
,
viz.
In
the
Name
of
God
Amen
.
I
Henry
of
Lancaster
claim
the
Realm
of
England
,
and
the
Crown
,
with
all
the
Apurtenances
,
as
coming
of
the
Bloud
Royal
from
King
Henry
the
Third
,
and
that
Justice
which
God
of
his
Grace
doth
send
me
by
the
help
of
my
Friends
,
for
the
Recovery
of
the
said
Realm
,
which
was
in
point
of
Perdition
through
default
of
Government
,
and
breach
of
Laws
.
After
this
Claim
Henry
was
acknowledged
by
all
the
Estates
for
King
,
and
seated
in
the
Royal
Throne
,
which
is
accounted
the
end
of
Richard's
Reign
.
This
Richard
the
Second
was
King
of
England
and
France
,
Lord
of
Ireland
,
and
Duke
of
Aquitain
,
second
Son
to
Edward
the
Black
Prince
by
Joan
his
Wife
,
Daughter
to
Edmund
Earl
of
Kent
.
His
Reign
began
the
21st
day
of
June
1377.
and
he
reigned
22
Years
,
three
Months
,
and
eight
days
,
and
was
the
22d
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
&c.
and
was
murthered
in
Pontefract
Castle
,
as
will
appear
in
the
next
Reign
.
He
had
two
Wives
,
but
no
Issue
,
or
at
least
none
that
survived
him
;
his
last
Wife
Isabel
,
Daughter
to
Charles
the
Fifth
,
King
of
France
,
being
so
young
that
she
was
incapable
of
consummating
the
Joys
of
a
Marriage
Bed
,
&c.
In
his
time
made
Portents
and
Prodigies
happened
;
the
Bay
and
Lawrel
Trees
withered
throughout
England
,
and
suddenly
after
became
green
and
flourishing
,
and
the
deep
River
near
Bedford
divided
into
two
Streams
,
leaving
the
Chanel
dry
for
three
miles
:
He
caused
his
Palace
of
Shene
,
now
Richmond
,
in
Surry
,
to
be
demolished
,
occasioned
by
the
excessive
grief
he
conceived
for
the
loss
of
his
first
Wife
,
Queen
Ann
,
who
dyed
there
;
he
likewise
,
upon
the
City's
refusing
to
lend
him
1000
l
took
away
their
Charter
,
and
obliged
them
to
ransome
it
at
a
far
greater
Summe
.
Thus
we
behold
how
Fortune
plays
with
Kings
.
There
's
nothing
stable
found
in
earthly
things
,
The
Greatness
that
on
Power
and
Honour
grows
,
Like
the
wild
Ocean
,
has
its
Ebbs
and
Flows
.
The
Reign
and
Actions
of
Henry
the
IV.
King
of
England
,
&c.
HEnry
of
Bullinbrook
,
so
called
from
the
place
of
his
Birth
,
Son
to
John
of
Gaunt
,
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
upon
the
Resignation
of
King
Richard
,
was
crowned
by
Thomas
Arundel
,
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
making
it
his
business
to
ingratiate
himself
with
the
People
,
thereby
the
better
to
secure
what
he
had
gained
,
he
sent
his
Ambassadours
likewise
abroad
to
keep
up
the
Correspondency
with
foreign
Princes
,
as
also
to
justifie
his
Proceedings
,
but
France
and
Normandy
approved
not
of
them
,
but
rather
condemned
what
had
pasted
in
dishonour
of
King
Richard
,
nor
were
there
divers
in
England
wanting
who
laboured
to
restore
him
;
and
amongst
these
were
John
Holland
Earl
of
Huntington
,
Thomas
Hollnnd
,
Earl
or
Kent
,
John
M●●acute
,
Earl
of
Salisbuy
,
Thomas
Spencer
,
Earl
o●
●●●ucester
,
with
the
Dukes
of
Surry
,
Exeter
,
and
〈…〉
but
these
Lords
were
altogether
unsuccessfull
〈◊〉
Undertaking
,
although
they
raised
a
considerable
number
of
Persons
in
Arms
,
giving
out
,
King
Richard
was
at
liberty
,
and
there
present
,
the
better
to
confirm
which
they
had
gotten
his
Chaplain
to
personate
him
;
for
the
Townsmen
of
Cyrencester
assailed
them
,
took
divers
of
them
,
and
because
some
of
the
Lords
Servants
had
fired
the
Town
,
to
contribute
to
their
Masters
Escape
,
whilst
the
People
were
busie
in
extinguishing
the
Flames
,
they
in
Revenge
cut
off
the
Heads
of
such
Noblemen
as
they
had
taken
,
without
Law
or
Process
;
and
the
Commons
of
Essex
did
the
like
to
the
Earl
of
Huntingdon
,
in
revenge
of
the
Duke
of
Gloucester's
Death
,
mentioned
in
the
foregoing
Reign
to
be
made
away
at
Cailais
.
The
Lord
Spencer
falling
into
the
hands
of
the
Rabble
at
Bristol
,
met
the
same
Fate
.
Others
were
put
to
Death
at
Oxford
and
some
at
London
,
John
Maudlin
,
the
Counterfeit
Richard
,
and
one
Thurby
,
were
drawn
,
hanged
and
quartered
:
The
Bishop
of
Carlisle
was
condemned
,
but
afterwards
pardoned
;
and
thus
the
Attempt
was
totally
frustrated
;
yet
it
proved
fatal
to
Richard
,
for
Henry
finding
he
could
not
assure
himself
in
the
Throne
,
whilst
the
deposed
King
lived
,
and
he
purposely
letting
fall
some
words
before
his
Favourites
,
as
,
Who
shall
rid
me
of
the
cause
of
my
troubles
?
&c.
Sir
Pierce
of
Exton
,
to
curry-favour
with
him
,
went
to
the
Castle
where
King
Richard
was
lodged
,
and
gaining
admittance
,
under
pretence
of
an
Order
from
the
King
,
he
and
seven
of
his
Accomplices
fell
upon
,
and
murthered
that
poor
Prince
with
Battel-Axes
;
yet
before
he
fell
,
wresting
a
Weapon
,
he
killed
four
of
them
;
others
will
have
him
to
dye
through
Famine
and
Discontent
,
which
may
appear
something
likely
,
when
we
consider
he
was
exposed
at
St.
Paul's
London
,
for
the
space
of
three
days
,
thereby
to
assure
the
People
of
his
Death
,
and
prevent
any
Counterfeit
that
might
be
set
up
,
and
afterwards
buried
at
Kings-Langly
in
Hartfordshire
;
ye●
in
the
fifth
year
of
Henry
the
V.
his
Remains
were
brought
to
Westminster
,
and
interred
with
his
Ancestours
,
where
some
will
have
that
beautifull
P●●ture
of
a
King
Crowned
in
a
Chair
of
State
,
to
be
placed
at
the
upper
end
of
the
Choir
in
memory
●
him
:
However
this
freed
not
Henry
from
dang●●●●
for
the
Scots
entered
England
,
and
the
Welsh
took
〈◊〉
Arms
under
the
Leading
of
Owen
Glendour
,
but
were
both
defeated
yet
these
publick
Practices
were
seconded
with
a
private
one
,
which
had
prove●
more
dangerous
had
it
taken
effect
,
viz.
a
Calthrop
,
being
an
Engine
with
four
sharp
Spears
,
standing
upward
,
was
placed
in
his
Bed
,
and
had
peradventure
put
an
end
to
his
days
had
he
not
espyed
it
before
he
lay
down
,
but
it
could
not
be
known
who
placed
it
there
.
The
Welsh
,
who
rather
retired
than
over-come
,
took
Arms
in
greater
number
,
and
overthrowing
the
Lord
Edward
Mortimer
,
who
was
sent
to
surpress
them
,
took
him
Prisoner
,
and
obliged
him
to
marry
Glendour's
Daughter
;
nor
did
People
spare
to
spread
abroad
sundry
inveterate
Libels
,
for
which
some
were
executed
,
and
amongst
them
several
Gray
Fryars
;
and
the
King
going
against
the
Welsh
was
repulsed
by
a
mighty
Storm
,
yet
succeeded
his
Lieutenant
the
Early
of
Northumberland
,
and
his
Son
Piercy
Ho●spur
,
better
against
the
Scots
in
the
North
;
for
by
them
the
Scots
were
overthrown
in
two
Battels
,
and
some
Persons
of
note
taken
Prisoners
.
The
King
being
at
this
time
a
Widower
,
took
to
Wife
the
Lady
Jane
of
Navarre
,
Widow
to
John
de
Mountfort
,
Duke
of
Britain
,
which
Marriage
was
followed
by
dreadfull
Prodigies
;
and
soon
after
the
Lord
Piercy
Hotspur
,
when
he
had
done
Wonders
against
the
Scots
,
and
thinking
his
Services
slighted
,
grew
discontented
,
and
turned
his
Arms
against
King
Henry
,
and
with
him
joyned
Mortimer
Earl
of
March
,
Henry
Piercy
his
Father
,
and
Owen
Glendour
,
pretending
a
Care
to
reform
Disorders
in
the
Government
,
though
it
was
afterwards
discovered
,
they
intended
nothing
more
than
their
own
Interest
,
for
Mortimer
was
to
have
the
South
part
of
●●gland
,
Piercy
the
North
,
Glendour
all
beyond
the
〈◊〉
,
and
Archibald
Earl
of
Douglas
,
who
had
be●●●●
been
takan
Prisoner
,
to
have
his
Liberty
,
and
the
Town
of
Berwick
,
with
the
Territories
belonging
to
it
;
but
before
they
could
gather
into
any
great
Body
,
the
King
was
advancing
with
a
powerfull
Army
towards
Shrewsbury
,
which
they
had
fortified
;
when
Hotspur
no
sooner
discovered
the
Royal
Standard
,
but
resolving
to
loose
his
Life
,
or
win
the
Day
,
drew
out
Fourteen
thousand
Men
,
and
desperately
engaged
the
King
,
and
Prince
Henry
his
Son
,
yet
being
inferiour
in
number
,
though
he
fought
with
a
Courage
beyond
expression
,
Fortune
,
that
never
before
failed
him
,
turned
her
back
,
so
that
he
was
slain
,
and
the
Earls
of
Worcester
,
and
Douglas
,
Sir
Richard
Vernon
Barron
of
Kinlaton
,
taken
and
beheaded
200
Esquires
and
Gentlemen
of
Cheshire
,
and
a
great
number
of
common
Soldiers
lost
their
Lives
,
not
without
considerable
Loss
to
the
King
,
and
the
ending
his
Life
;
for
Hotspur
broke
furiously
through
the
Squadron
where
the
Standard
was
,
and
there
had
killed
,
or
taken
him
Prisoner
,
had
he
been
seconded
as
he
expected
;
yet
this
so
incensed
the
King
,
that
he
caused
his
Body
,
whom
his
own
Party
had
carried
off
and
buried
,
to
be
taken
out
of
the
Grave
,
the
Head
cut
off
,
and
the
Quarters
to
be
dispersed
in
divers
Places
:
As
for
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
he
was
taken
,
after
this
Defeat
,
as
he
was
raising
Forces
in
the
North
,
yet
had
his
Life
pardoned
,
but
was
abridged
in
his
Estate
;
and
the
better
to
quiet
the
like
Disturbances
,
the
King
called
a
Parliament
,
but
could
get
no
considerable
Supply
,
neither
in
that
nor
the
other
two
Parliaments
that
succeeded
it
.
About
this
time
William
de
Willford
being
abroad
with
a
Squadron
of
Men
of
War
,
brought
in
40
Prizes
laden
with
Iron
,
Oyl
,
and
Rochel
Wine
,
which
was
sold
to
supply
the
King's
Coffers
;
and
a
Troup
of
Western
Men
brought
3
foreign
Lords
,
and
20
Knights
,
of
note
,
Prisoners
from
Dartmouth
,
having
slain
the
Lord
Castile
,
and
a
great
many
of
his
Followers
,
who
cruzing
on
the
Coast
,
attempted
to
burn
and
plunder
that
place
,
as
before
they
had
served
Plimouth
;
for
which
Service
the
King
bestowed
liberal
Rewards
amongst
them
,
and
in
Parliament
caused
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
to
be
restored
to
his
entire
Possession
;
yet
these
things
quieted
not
the
minds
of
the
Nobility
,
for
soon
after
Thomas
Mowbray
,
Earl-Marshal
of
England
,
drew
Richard
Scroop
,
Arch-Bishop
of
York
,
into
a
Conspiracy
,
who
tampering
with
the
Earl
of
Westmoreland
,
and
he
promising
them
fair
,
instead
of
siding
with
them
,
delivered
them
up
to
the
King
,
and
they
were
thereupon
beheaded
;
but
the
Pope
being
highly
incensed
at
the
Arch-bishop's
Death
excommunicated
all
those
that
had
a
hand
in
it
.
This
was
seconded
by
another
of
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
and
the
Lord
Bardolf
,
but
their
Forces
being
weak
they
were
encountred
by
the
Sheriff
of
Yorkshire
,
where
the
Earl
in
a
sharp
conflict
was
slain
in
the
Field
,
and
the
Lord
mortally
wounded
;
and
,
as
a
mark
of
Ignominy
,
the
Earl's
Head
was
carried
on
a
Pole
through
London
,
and
fixed
on
the
Bridge-gate
,
and
because
the
Scots
had
encouraged
this
Undertaking
,
and
to
surpress
the
Rumour
that
went
abroad
of
King
Richard's
being
alive
,
the
King
marched
an
Army
of
37000
Men
to
their
Borders
,
battered
Berwick
with
a
piece
of
Cannon
,
the
first
that
was
used
in
England
,
and
took
it
;
as
likewise
siezed
on
all
the
Castles
belonging
to
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
;
then
marched
into
Wales
,
but
was
●isappointed
in
that
Expedition
by
the
sudden
In●undations
and
Torrents
of
Water
,
that
flowed
●rom
the
Hills
,
whereby
fifty
of
his
Waggons
with
Treasure
and
Provisions
were
destroyed
,
and
a
great
part
of
his
Food
,
which
obliged
him
to
re●ire
.
The
King
to
repair
his
Loss
,
called
another
Par●iament
,
which
,
through
his
Importunity
,
was
constrained
to
grant
him
a
Subsidy
;
and
in
the
year
1407
a
Plague
raged
throughout
England
,
and
destroyed
in
London
30000
Persons
.
A
great
Frost
followed
it
,
that
lasted
15
Weeks
;
yet
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
craving
the
King's
Aid
against
the
Duke
of
Orleance
,
had
his
Request
granted
:
And
amongst
other
memorable
Actions
of
the
English
,
Sir
John
Blunt
raised
a
Siege
,
beat
Four
thousand
French-men
,
with
Three
hundred
English
,
taking
about
Twelve
Noblemen
,
and
One
hundred
and
Twenty
Gentlemen
Prisoners
:
And
now
Wickliff's
Doctrine
beginning
to
spread
the
Arch-Bishop
Arundel
so
incensed
the
King
that
William
Sawtree
,
William
Swinderby
,
and
William
Thorp
,
all
eminent
Divines
,
were
put
to
Death
for
their
profession
of
a
good
Faith
:
but
the
King
did
not
long
survive
that
Cruelty
,
for
Anno
1413.
falling
sick
,
and
into
an
Appoplexy
,
whilst
his
Crown
was
placed
on
his
Pillow
,
Prince
Henry
his
Son
came
and
took
it
thence
,
which
the
King
perceiving
,
upon
his
reviving
sent
for
him
,
and
dema●ded
the
reason
of
his
hastiness
,
who
boldly
replyed
,
That
he
seeming
dead
in
all
Men's
esteem
,
he
took
it
as
his
Right
:
Whereupon
the
King
,
with
some
trouble
of
mind
,
looking
on
him
,
said
,
Ah
Son
!
with
what
Right
it
was
got
God
only
knoweth
,
who
forgive
me
the
Sin
:
To
which
the
Prince
fiercely
replyed
,
However
it
was
got
I
mean
to
keep
it
when
it
shall
be
mine
,
and
defend
it
with
my
Sword
,
as
you
by
your
Sword
have
obtained
it
:
and
soon
after
the
King
dyed
,
and
was
buried
at
Canterbury
.
This
Henry
the
IV
was
King
of
England
,
and
France
,
Lord
of
Ireland
,
&c.
eldest
Son
to
John
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
by
Blanch
his
Wife
:
He
began
his
Reign
the
29th
.
of
Sptember
,
Anno
1399
,
and
Reigned
13
Years
,
3
Months
and
16
Days
,
and
was
the
33d
.
sole
Monarch
of
England
:
by
his
first
Wife
Mary
he
had
Issue
Prince
Henry
,
Thomas
Duke
of
Clarence
,
John
Duke
of
Bedford
,
Humphrey
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
Blanch
and
Philippa
;
by
his
second-Wife
no
Issue
that
survived
him
.
Thus
ill-got
Crowns
create
a
troubl'd
Reign
,
Howe'er
so
easie
got
,
hard
to
maintain
;
Such
Crowns
have
Thorns
that
still
the
Wearer
pain
.
The
Life
,
Reign
,
and
Actions
of
Henry
the
V.
King
of
England
,
&c.
HEnry
of
Monmouth
,
so
called
from
the
place
of
his
Birth
,
in
his
youthfull
years
lead
away
by
wild
and
debauched
Courtiers
,
committed
many
extravagancies
,
not
being
exempted
from
Robbing
on
the
High-ways
,
putting
his
Father
in
fear
of
some
Design
he
had
upon
his
Person
,
and
attempting
to
rescue
a
Prisoner
from
the
Face
of
Justice
in
the
Court
of
King's-Bench
;
but
when
he
came
to
the
Crown
he
was
wonderfully
changed
,
commanding
his
former
leud
Companions
to
alter
their
manners
,
or
not
dare
to
approach
his
Court
,
nor
within
Ten
miles
of
his
Person
;
chusing
grave
and
worthy
Counsellours
,
and
much
honouring
the
Clergy
;
and
the
more
to
ingratiate
with
the
People
,
every
day
after
Dinner
he
was
wont
,
for
the
space
of
an
hour
,
to
receive
Petitions
,
in
order
to
redress
Grievances
,
which
he
would
doe
with
wonderfull
Equity
,
much
lamenting
the
untimely
Death
of
King
Richard
,
and
so
near
it
touched
him
that
he
sent
to
Rome
to
be
absolved
from
a
Fact
he
had
no
hand
in
.
Whilst
things
went
on
prosperously
,
a
Parliament
was
called
,
wherein
it
was
moved
that
the
superfluous
Lands
and
Temporalties
belonging
to
Religious
Houses
were
sufficient
of
the
Maintainance
of
15
Earls
,
1500
Knights
,
6200
Esquires
,
and
100
Alms-Houses
,
and
over
and
above
20007
l
per
Annum
,
to
the
King's
Coffers
;
and
this
,
to
curb
the
Pride
of
the
Clergy
was
pressed
very
home
,
and
had
gone
on
had
not
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Cante●bury
,
to
turn
his
Thoughts
from
it
,
perswaded
him
to
seek
his
Right
in
France
,
of
which
Kingdom
he
told
him
he
was
the
true
Heir
,
enforcing
it
with
strong
Reasons
;
insomuch
that
the
young
King
being
naturally
of
a
fierce
and
warlike
Spirit
soon
hearkned
to
what
he
had
suggested
,
and
sent
in
the
first
place
a
Summons
to
demand
the
Dutchy
of
Normandy
,
Aquitain
,
Guyne
,
and
Anjou
;
upon
which
the
Dauphin
,
who
ruled
all
at
Court
,
sent
him
in
derision
a
Tun
of
Tennis
Balls
,
as
supposing
them
fittest
for
a
Prince
that
had
formerly
given
himself
over
to
Sports
and
Recreation
;
but
at
this
time
he
was
mistaken
in
his
mark
;
for
the
King
highly
incensed
at
the
affront
,
sent
back
word
,
that
he
would
shortly
send
him
London
Balls
that
should
shake
Paris
Walls
,
and
proceeded
to
make
large
preparations
for
passing
the
Seas
;
which
incited
the
French
to
use
their
old
Artifice
of
stirring
up
the
Scots
;
but
they
upon
their
attempting
to
enter
England
were
overthrown
by
Sir
Robert
Humfreville
:
This
made
the
French
King
,
who
was
but
weak
in
mind
,
consult
his
Peers
,
who
concluded
it
would
be
most
expedient
for
France
to
come
to
Terms
with
the
English
before
the
Matter
was
carried
too
far
,
and
accordingly
Ambassadours
were
sent
,
who
at
Winchester
made
offers
of
some
Territories
,
with
a
summe
of
Money
to
defray
the
charges
of
the
preparation
;
but
more
especially
thinking
by
that
means
to
please
the
King
,
they
made
proposals
of
Marriage
between
him
and
and
the
beautious
Princess
,
Katharine
of
France
;
but
all
this
came
to
nothing
;
for
the
King
peremptorily
demanded
what
had
ever
formerly
belonged
to
his
Progenitours
,
and
that
being
refused
,
Antilop
,
his
Pursuvant
at
Arms
,
was
sent
to
King
Charles
with
Letters
of
Defiance
,
and
he
passed
with
such
Forces
as
he
had
raised
in
order
to
his
Embarking
at
Southampton
,
commanding
the
Nobles
,
and
all
that
held
Fee
of
the
Crown
,
to
follow
him
,
and
the
French
perceiving
fair
means
would
not
doe
,
proceeded
to
Treachery
,
by
corrupting
the
Lords
Grey
,
Scroop
,
and
Cambridge
too
,
with
promises
of
vast
summes
of
Gold
,
to
murther
him
before
he
took
the
Seas
;
but
this
was
discovered
by
a
paper
found
in
the
bosome
of
the
latter
,
and
the
matter
being
plain
,
the
two
first
were
executed
,
but
the
last
,
at
the
Instance
of
the
Duke
of
York
,
whose
Son
he
was
,
had
his
Pardon
procured
.
The
King
being
by
this
time
in
a
forwardness
,
set
sail
on
the
7th
of
August
1414.
with
500
Ships
,
and
30000
Soldiers
,
besides
Engineers
,
Artificers
,
and
Labourers
,
and
on
the
15th
cast
Anchor
at
the
mouth
of
the
River
Seyn
,
three
miles
from
Hareflew
,
and
no
sooner
he
came
on
shoar
,
but
falling
on
his
Knees
,
he
implored
God's
Blessing
,
and
Assistence
,
in
prospering
his
Enterprize
for
the
gaining
his
Right
,
and
his
Army
being
landed
,
he
caused
Proclamation
to
be
made
,
that
no
person
whatsoever
,
on
pain
of
Death
,
should
presume
to
injure
Churches
,
Churchmen
,
Women
or
Children
;
and
encouraging
his
Soldiers
,
he
soon
made
himself
Master
of
the
Town
of
Harflew
,
and
having
at
St.
Martin's
Church
given
God
Thanks
for
the
first
success
of
his
Arms
,
he
detached
two
thousand
Horse
,
and
thirteen
thousand
Foot
,
and
marched
with
them
through
the
Countries
of
Caux
and
Eu
in
his
way
to
Callis
,
when
to
hinder
him
the
flying
parties
of
French
not
only
skirmished
as
they
saw
advantage
,
but
broke
down
Bridges
,
plashed
Trees
,
carried
away
or
destroyed
all
manner
of
Provision
and
Forage
,
so
that
he
was
obliged
to
march
along
the
Banks
of
the
River
Some
,
as
far
as
Bathencourt
,
before
he
could
gain
the
Pass
,
and
on
the
24th
of
October
he
came
to
Azin
,
or
Agincourt
,
the
numerous
Army
of
the
French
attending
,
and
watching
all
advantage
.
The
King
being
thus
far
advanced
through
a
ruined
and
destroyed
Countrey
,
whereby
his
Soldiers
for
want
of
necessaries
were
become
extremely
feble
,
he
found
he
could
not
proceed
without
giving
Battel
,
and
therefore
resolved
to
pitch
his
Banner
Royal
,
but
finding
the
Army
extremely
weakened
,
and
himself
surrounded
in
a
Toil
,
at
the
instance
of
the
Nobles
he
proposed
Overtures
to
the
French
,
proposing
the
delivery
of
Harflew
,
and
such
other
places
as
he
had
taken
since
his
arrival
in
France
,
in
consideration
that
himself
,
and
all
with
him
,
might
pass
quietly
to
Calais
,
and
there
ship
for
England
.
To
this
the
Mareschal
,
and
Constable
,
who
had
the
chief
Command
in
the
French
Army
,
were
willing
to
hearken
,
as
knowing
the
danger
of
compelling
a
desperate
Enemy
to
fight
in
the
extremity
of
Despair
;
but
the
other
Commanders
,
young
Princes
,
and
Nobles
,
more
fiery
than
either
valiant
or
wise
,
would
not
hearken
to
any
accord
,
and
so
confidently
they
promised
themselves
the
Victory
,
that
they
had
before
hand
divided
the
spoil
,
causing
the
Bells
to
be
rung
,
and
Thanks
to
be
given
in
the
neighbouring
Churches
●hat
God
had
delivered
the
Enemy
into
such
a
〈◊〉
of
advantage
,
that
he
could
not
escape
:
〈◊〉
when
Man
proposes
,
God
disposes
,
for
too
much
confidence
ruined
them
,
not
considering
that
when
it
seemeth
good
the
Almighty
by
weak
things
can
destroy
the
powerfull
;
nay
,
so
confident
were
they
,
that
they
sent
for
King
Charles
,
and
the
Dauphin
,
that
they
might
have
the
Honour
of
the
Victory
,
and
spent
the
night
before
the
Battel
in
a
careless
manner
of
feasting
and
revelling
,
whilst
the
English
spent
it
in
moderate
refreshment
and
prayer
.
King
Henry
seeing
the
Storm
that
he
was
bound
to
oppose
,
commanded
two
hundred
Archers
to
lodg
in
a
Meadow
,
secured
against
the
French
Horse
,
with
strong
bushes
,
and
a
large
Di●ch
;
placing
likewise
Archers
in
the
Front
of
the
Battel
;
and
to
secure
them
they
had
long
stakes
,
shod
with
Iron
,
to
stick
slantwise
against
the
breaking
in
of
the
Horse
,
which
might
be
removed
as
accasion
required
,
ranging
the
Hoast
into
three
Battalions
,
flanking
the
whole
with
Archers
;
and
that
he
might
not
be
hid
on
so
eminent
a
day
,
he
wore
on
his
Helmet
a
small
Crown
of
Gold
,
riding
from
Rank
to
Rank
,
and
giving
necassary
Orders
in
all
places
,
declaring
that
England
should
never
be
charged
with
his
Ransome
,
but
that
he
resolved
either
to
conquer
or
dye
;
and
then
commanding
his
Standard
to
advance
;
Since
(
says
he
)
our
injurious
Enemies
do
attempt
to
shut
up
our
way
,
let
us
set
upon
them
in
the
Name
of
the
most
glorious
Trinity
,
and
in
the
best
hour
in
the
whole
year
:
whereupon
Sir
Thomas
Epingham
,
with
a
Warder
in
his
hand
,
advanced
against
the
French
,
who
kept
their
ground
,
covering
the
plains
for
many
miles
,
and
throwing
it
up
in
the
Air
,
gave
the
signal
to
join
Battel
,
whereupon
a
joyfull
shout
ensued
,
and
the
Archers
from
the
Meadow
,
as
the
French
advanced
,
let
flie
their
Arrows
,
galling
and
wounding
Horse
and
Man
,
whilst
the
Main
Body
joined
;
and
then
the
English
army
fell
on
like
Men
driven
to
their
last
necessities
,
yet
not
without
expressing
a
singular
Conduct
and
Courage
,
having
the
advantage
of
the
French
in
charging
,
by
reason
of
the
unweildiness
of
their
Army
;
insomuch
that
the
English
Arrows
flying
like
Thunderbolts
upon
the
thronging
Horse
,
no
ways
able
to
avoid
them
,
and
those
that
advanced
furiously
being
goared
with
the
stakes
,
as
the
Archers
retired
to
give
way
to
the
Men
of
Arms
,
making
a
Barracade
against
those
that
pressed
behind
,
nothing
but
rout
and
confusion
ensued
,
the
French
at
such
a
disadvantage
not
being
capable
of
using
their
Arms
,
which
the
Duke
of
Brabant
perceiving
,
advanced
furiously
to
break
the
Order
of
the
English
,
and
encourage
his
side
,
but
met
his
Fate
in
that
Attempt
;
however
the
Duke
of
Alanzon
broke
in
upon
the
King's
Standard
,
and
there
had
slain
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
had
not
the
King
prevented
it
by
timely
interposing
,
and
between
them
began
a
sharp
dispute
,
wherein
the
Duke
of
Alanzon
all
most
beat
the
King's
Crown
flat
to
his
Helmet
,
but
being
struck
from
his
Horse
by
Henry
,
and
crying
out
,
he
was
Alanzon
,
notwithstanding
his
begging
quarter
,
and
the
King's
endeavour
to
save
him
,
the
enraged
Soldiers
,
for
the
Danger
he
had
put
their
Sovereign
into
,
dispatched
him
on
the
spot
;
so
that
the
Rear-guard
of
the
French
Army
being
worsted
,
and
unable
to
sustain
the
Fury
of
the
English
,
fled
without
fighting
,
leaving
the
Victory
,
with
infinite
spoil
,
and
a
great
number
of
Prisoners
,
to
a
handfull
of
Men
,
in
a
manner
naked
,
and
allmost
half
starved
which
may
convince
the
World
,
that
Victory
depends
not
upon
the
Arm
of
Flesh
,
but
scarcely
was
the
Field
cleared
of
the
French
,
before
another
Army
bigger
than
that
of
the
English
,
which
was
coming
to
their
Aid
,
and
knowing
nothing
of
the
Defeat
,
appeared
upon
the
Hills
,
and
the
King
fearing
the
great
number
of
Prisoners
might
turn
against
him
,
during
the
heat
of
the
Fight
caused
them
all
,
as
a
Maxim
of
self-●●eservation
,
except
those
of
the
greatest
Quality
,
to
be
killed
,
and
then
sent
a
Herauld
to
summon
them
to
fight
,
or
depart
immediately
,
for
if
they
stayed
whilst
he
charged
them
,
they
must
expect
no
Quarter
;
whereupon
the
King
of
Sicily
,
who
commanded
in
chief
,
not
thinking
it
convenient
with
those
Forces
to
dispute
what
so
great
an
Army
had
lost
,
drew
off
;
so
that
King
Henry
finding
himself
an
entire
Conquerour
,
fell
on
his
Knees
and
commanding
all
,
both
Officers
and
Soldiers
,
to
doe
the
like
,
with
up
lifted
hands
and
said
,
Not
unto
us
,
O
Lord
,
not
unto
us
,
but
unto
thy
Name
be
given
the
Glory
.
And
having
learned
the
name
of
the
place
,
he
said
,
Let
this
be
called
the
Battel
of
Agincourt
all
posterity
.
In
this
Battel
were
slain
of
the
French
one
thousand
Princes
,
Noblemen
,
Knights
,
and
Esquires
,
and
ten
thousand
common
Soldiers
.
The
Prisoners
of
note
were
Charles
Duke
of
Orleance
,
John
Duke
of
Burbon
,
the
Earl
of
Richmond
,
Lowis
de
Burbon
,
the
Count
de
Vendosme
,
the
Earl
of
Eu
,
Edward
de
Roven
,
and
divers
others
.
The
English
loft
of
Note
were
the
Duke
of
York
,
and
Earl
of
Suffolk
,
with
two
Knights
,
and
David
Gam
Esquire
;
the
common
Soldiers
that
fell
were
very
inconsiderable
,
some
not
allowing
above
one
hundred
twenty
eight
,
but
that
seems
somewhat
partial
.
The
next
day
after
this
Battel
Henry
marched
with
the
spoil
,
and
his
Prisoners
,
off
the
Field
towards
Callais
,
his
Soldiers
now
having
Cloaths
,
and
plenty
of
all
Necessaries
;
and
having
fortified
the
Towns
he
had
taken
,
and
given
necessary
Orders
,
he
came
for
England
,
and
was
received
in
London
with
Triumph
,
and
there
presented
with
one
thousand
pounds
,
and
two
Gold
Basons
,
and
calling
a
Parliament
,
he
had
a
Subsidy
of
a
Tenth
granted
for
the
carrying
on
his
Wars
in
France
,
which
not
sufficing
,
he
pawned
his
Crown
to
Cardinal
Beaufort
,
his
Unckle
,
and
his
Jewels
to
the
Lord
Mayor
of
London
for
ten
thousand
Marks
;
then
he
passed
the
Sea
with
an
Army
of
25527.
every
fourth
being
an
Horseman
,
besides
a
thousand
Carpenters
and
Labourers
,
and
the
first
of
August
1417.
arrived
in
Normandy
,
bringing
such
a
terrour
upon
the
Countrey
,
that
most
of
the
Inhabitants
fled
into
Bretaigne
,
and
having
dubbed
thirty
eight
Knights
,
he
laid
Siege
to
Conquest
,
and
took
it
the
16th
of
August
,
with
the
Castles
of
Aubeliers
and
Lovers
;
he
likewise
stormed
the
City
of
Caen
,
and
gave
the
Pillage
to
his
Soldiers
.
During
K.
Henry's
Success
in
France
,
the
Scots
invaded
England
,
bringing
with
them
a
Person
representing
Richard
the
Second
;
but
hearing
as
they
lay
at
the
Siege
of
Roxborough
and
Berwick
,
that
the
English
Army
was
marching
toward
them
,
they
raised
the
Sieges
,
and
fled
.
This
did
not
hinder
the
King
's
proceeding
in
France
;
for
there
he
took
many
Cities
,
and
had
the
strong
Castle
of
Fallors
delivered
him
,
then
divided
his
Army
under
the
Commands
of
the
Dukes
of
Clarence
,
Gloucester
,
and
Earl
of
Warwick
;
so
that
taking
divers
places
at
once
,
he
set
down
before
Roan
,
and
took
it
after
a
year's
Siege
,
obliging
the
Burgesses
for
their
Ransome
,
and
being
permitted
quietly
to
live
there
,
pay
him
356000
Crowns
,
and
swear
Fealty
to
him
and
his
Successors
.
And
now
the
French
finding
themselves
unable
to
make
head
against
the
English
,
and
Accommodation
was
sought
,
and
to
bring
it
the
easier
to
pass
,
an
Interview
was
had
between
King
Henry
and
King
Charles
at
the
Town
of
Melun
,
where
the
Queen
and
the
Princess
Katharine
of
France
was
present
,
and
there
King
Henry
first
fixed
his
Eyes
and
Affection
on
that
beauteous
Maid
,
and
finding
the
French
Noblemen
averse
to
his
Demands
,
he
told
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
that
he
would
either
have
the
Princess
and
what
he
had
farther
required
,
or
he
would
drive
him
and
the
rest
of
the
Nobles
out
of
France
:
To
which
the
Duke
replied
,
That
he
might
say
his
pleasure
,
but
before
he
should
drive
them
out
of
France
,
he
should
be
weary
of
the
Enterprize
.
This
Treaty
proving
ineffectual
,
the
King
took
the
Town
of
Ponthois
,
and
gave
large
spoil
to
his
Soldiers
,
which
obliged
the
French
King
to
remove
his
Court
from
Paris
to
Troyis
in
Champaigne
;
and
now
to
facilitate
the
English
Conquests
,
the
Dauphin
having
put
a
sensible
Affront
upon
the
Queen
,
his
Mother
,
she
conceived
a
mortal
hatred
,
and
laboured
to
ruine
him
,
confederating
with
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
procuring
her self
,
by
reason
of
the
King's
Imbecility
,
to
be
made
Regent
of
France
;
and
soon
after
the
Dauphin
causing
John
Duke
of
Burgundy
to
be
slain
in
his
presence
,
as
he
came
to
doe
him
Homage
,
for
contriving
,
as
he
said
,
the
death
of
Lewis
Duke
of
Orleance
,
that
he
might
the
better
sway
the
Kingdom
under
an
infirm
King
.
Philip
,
the
young
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
to
revenge
his
Father's
death
,
closed
with
King
Henry
,
and
proceeded
to
persuade
Charles
,
the
French
King
,
to
disinherit
the
Dauphin
,
and
give
the
Lady
Katharine
in
Marriage
to
the
King
o●
England
;
and
the
Queen
seconding
this
Project
,
it
was
effected
,
and
a
Peace
concluded
between
the
two
Crowns
upon
divers
Articles
,
the
chief
being
,
That
Charles
and
Isabel
should
retain
the
name
of
King
and
Queen
,
and
hold
all
their
Dignities
,
Rents
and
Possessions
,
during
their
natural
Lives
.
That
after
their
deaths
the
Crown
and
Realm
of
France
should
,
with
all
its
Rights
and
Appurtenances
,
remain
unto
the
King
of
England
and
his
Heirs
for
ever
;
and
that
by
reason
of
the
Infirmity
of
King
Charles
,
therefore
during
his
Life
,
the
Affairs
of
the
Realm
of
France
,
together
with
the
Government
thereof
,
should
remain
in
the
King
Henry
,
so
that
thenceforth
he
should
govern
the
Realm
,
and
admit
to
his
Council
and
Assistence
,
with
the
Council
of
France
,
such
of
the
English
Nobility
as
he
should
see
convenient
,
with
other
Articles
,
to
the
number
of
thirty
,
very
advantageous
to
the
English
,
were
all
sworn
to
at
Troyis
,
May
,
the
30th
,
1420.
and
proclaimed
in
London
the
June
following
,
and
Homage
sworn
to
King
Henry
,
who
was
proclaimed
Regent
of
France
;
and
on
the
3d
of
June
the
Marriage
was
celebrated
in
the
presence
of
divers
of
the
chief
Nobility
of
England
and
France
at
Troyis
,
with
great
Pomp
and
Splendour
,
and
they
rode
in
Triumph
to
take
Possession
of
the
Palace
in
Paris
,
and
a
Parliament
of
the
three
Estates
were
assembled
in
that
City
,
who
confirmed
what
had
been
done
by
the
Kings
;
and
it
was
there
likewise
ratified
by
the
General
Estates
of
the
Realm
,
and
Sworn
to
particularly
on
the
Holy
Evangelist
by
the
French
Noblemen
and
Rulers
,
Spiritual
and
Temporal
,
who
moreover
sealed
the
Instruments
which
were
sent
over
to
be
kept
in
the
King's
Exchequer
at
Westminster
;
which
done
,
the
King
left
the
Duke
of
Clarence
his
Lieutenant
in
France
,
and
came
for
England
with
his
Queen
,
where
he
was
received
with
Joy
and
Triumph
,
causing
her
to
be
crowned
at
Westminster
,
and
then
proceeded
to
call
a
Parliament
for
farther
Supplies
,
to
maintain
his
War
against
the
Dauphin
,
who
still
stood
out
to
recover
the
Kingdom
;
but
the
Commons
exhiting
a
Petition
of
Poverty
,
he
again
pawned
his
Crown
to
Cardinal
Beaufort
for
20000
pounds
,
and
passed
into
France
with
4000
Horse
,
and
24000
Foot
,
and
his
presence
there
was
necessary
;
for
the
Dauphin
,
strengthened
by
Forces
for
Scotland
,
under
the
Leading
of
the
Earl
of
Buchanan
,
and
Archibald
Douglas
,
defeated
and
killed
the
Duke
of
Clarence
,
took
the
Earls
of
Huntindon
,
Somerset
,
and
others
,
Prisoners
;
and
heightened
with
that
Success
,
he
laid
Siege
to
Alenzon
,
and
cut
off
the
Provisions
of
Paris
,
but
the
King
's
Approach
made
him
to
retire
to
Bury
.
King
Henry
soon
recovered
what
the
Dauphin
had
taken
,
and
drove
him
to
great
distress
;
but
when
this
great
King
had
triumphed
over
that
mighty
Kingdom
with
unconquerable
Fortune
and
Success
,
and
annexed
it
fully
to
the
Crown
of
England
,
death
laid
his
Arrest
upon
him
,
for
falling
sick
of
a
burning
Fever
and
Flux
,
he
dyed
on
the
30th
of
August
,
1422.
at
Bloice
de
Vincennois
,
and
his
Body
brought
over
,
was
buried
with
pomp
at
Westminster
,
hard
by
the
Tomb
of
Edward
the
Confessour
,
appointing
by
his
last
Will
and
Testament
his
younger
Brother
,
Humphry
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
Protectour
of
England
,
his
Brother
John
,
Duke
of
Bedford
,
Regent
of
France
,
and
Thomas
Beaufort
Guardian
of
his
Son
Henry
,
born
a
little
before
at
Windsor
,
contrary
to
the
King
's
express
command
,
who
when
he
heard
the
Queen
had
lain
in
at
that
place
,
prophetically
spake
,
viz.
Good
God!
I
Henry
of
Monmouth
shall
have
but
a
short
Reign
,
and
win
much
;
but
Henry
of
Windsor
shall
reign
long
,
and
lose
all
;
yet
God's
Will
be
done
.
This
Henry
was
King
of
England
,
and
France
,
and
Lord
of
Ireland
,
eldest
Son
of
Henry
the
Fourth
by
Mary
his
Queen
:
He
began
his
Reign
on
the
20th
of
March
,
1412.
and
reigned
9
Years
,
5
Months
,
and
10
days
,
and
was
the
34th
sole
Monarch
of
England
.
Thus
Beauty
,
Power
and
Honour
yield
to
death
,
Great
Conquerours
,
like
Slaves
,
resign
their
breath
Their
Lawrels
in
the
Dust
with
them
must
lie
.
But
Fame's
immortal
and
can
never
dye
.
The
Life
,
Reign
,
and
Actions
of
HENRY
the
Sixth
,
King
of
England
,
France
,
&c.
HEnry
of
Windsor
,
so
called
from
the
place
of
his
Birth
,
upon
the
death
of
his
Father
,
was
crowned
when
he
exceeded
not
eight
Months
of
age
,
the
Queen
holding
him
in
her
lap
whilst
the
Solemnity
was
performed
,
to
whom
his
Nurtriture
and
Education
was
committed
,
but
his
Minority
much
disadvantaged
the
English
Interest
in
France
;
for
old
King
Charles
dying
,
Charles
his
Son
greatly
strengthned
his
party
,
and
although
he
was
called
by
the
English
in
derision
only
King
of
Burry
,
as
having
little
more
left
him
,
yet
now
he
encroached
upon
the
English
,
wresting
from
them
sundry
places
by
the
help
of
Aids
from
Scotland
and
Italy
,
which
made
the
English
Regent
think
it
time
to
give
him
Battel
,
and
accordingly
the
Armies
joyned
near
Vernoli
,
where
the
French
were
overthrown
,
the
Regent
doing
wonders
in
his
own
person
,
and
there
were
slain
the
Constable
and
Lieutenant
of
France
,
the
Earls
of
Wigton
and
Vantadour
,
with
about
five
thousand
others
,
and
the
Duke
of
Alanzon
taken
Prisoner
,
upon
which
Victory
the
English
besieged
Monts
in
Main
,
and
having
with
his
Cannon
made
a
great
breach
in
the
Wall
,
it
was
surrendered
,
and
a
little
while
after
,
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
besieged
Orleance
,
and
brought
it
to
such
distress
,
that
the
Garison
was
willing
to
surrender
to
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
but
the
Earl
refused
it
,
which
so
offended
the
Duke
,
that
he
declined
the
English
Interest
,
which
proved
very
prejudicial
.
The
French
being
in
a
drooping
Condition
,
and
using
strong
Cordials
to
support
their
Spirits
,
one
Joan
,
a
Shepherdess
of
Lorrain
,
came
to
the
Dauphin
,
and
offered
him
her
Service
,
saying
,
She
was
sent
by
God
,
to
deliver
France
out
of
the
hands
of
the
English
;
and
not
exceeding
eighteen
years
of
age
,
her
offer
at
first
was
looked
upon
as
rediculous
,
but
she
persisting
in
what
she
had
declared
;
the
Dauphin
caused
her
to
be
armed
at
all
points
,
and
desiring
the
Sword
that
hung
in
St.
Catharines
Church
,
she
got
into
Orleance
,
then
besieged
by
the
English
,
and
from
thence
sent
a
Letter
,
commanding
them
to
raise
the
Siege
,
and
deliver
up
the
Towns
they
possessed
,
for
she
was
resolved
to
drive
them
out
of
France
;
but
they
looked
upon
it
,
only
as
proceeding
from
Folly
or
a
raving
fit
,
yet
in
the
several
Sallies
she
made
it
proved
otherwise
,
for
by
the
violent
Sallies
she
made
the
Siege
,
was
raised
with
loss
to
the
English
,
she
commonly
fighting
in
the
head
of
the
French
,
and
animating
them
to
go
on
couragiously
,
for
being
in
one
of
the
Sallies
,
shot
through
the
Arm
with
an
Arrow
,
and
perswaded
to
retire
;
she
cryed
out
,
This
is
a
favour
,
let
us
go
on
,
they
cannot
escape
the
hands
of
God
,
and
there
of
note
were
slain
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
the
Lords
Moline
and
Poynings
,
Sir
Thomas
Gagrave
,
and
the
French
say
about
eight
thousand
common
Soldiers
,
yet
our
Historians
allow
but
six
hundred
;
and
the
French
following
their
success
wrested
several
Towns
,
and
surprising
a
party
of
English
,
overthrew
them
taking
Prisoners
the
Lords
Talbot
,
Scales
,
Hungerford
,
and
Sir
Thomas
Rampston
,
whereupon
several
Towns
revolted
,
and
the
Dauphin
took
Auxier
and
Rhiemes
,
in
the
latter
of
which
,
according
to
the
direction
of
Joan
,
called
by
the
French
,
the
Maid
of
God
,
Charles
the
Dauphin
caused
himself
to
be
Crowned
King
of
France
.
Joan
of
Arks
,
having
been
hitherto
very
sucsessfull
,
and
done
,
the
Dauphin
singular
service
coming
to
the
relief
of
Campaign
,
which
was
greatly
distressed
by
the
English
and
Burgundians
,
in
a
desperate
charge
advancing
too
far
and
being
separated
from
those
that
should
have
succoured
her
,
she
was
made
Prisoner
by
a
Burgundian
Knight
,
and
by
him
sold
to
to
the
English
,
who
sent
her
to
Roan
,
and
being
charged
with
Witch-craft
,
Bloud-shead
,
and
the
unnatural
use
of
Man's
Apparel
contrary
to
her
Sex
,
she
was
burnt
,
which
was
too
barbarous
a
usage
,
and
had
not
been
executed
,
but
to
put
the
French
out
of
the
great
hopes
,
they
conceived
in
the
Promise
she
had
made
to
drive
the
French
out
of
the
Kingdom
and
in
some
kind
,
it
had
its
effects
;
but
another
expedient
was
resolved
on
,
which
was
to
send
over
for
young
King
Henry
,
and
he
accordingly
was
crowned
in
Paris
with
great
Pomp
,
by
the
Cardinal
of
Winchester
,
on
the
7th
.
of
December
,
1431.
The
French
Nobility
doing
him
homage
,
and
the
King's
Pattents
and
Grants
,
touching
the
French
Affairs
,
passed
under
the
Seal
and
Stile
of
Henry
King
of
the
Frenchmen
,
and
of
England
,
and
the
Lords
Talbot
and
Arundel
were
successfully
victorious
in
the
Provinces
of
Main
,
Anjou
,
and
other
places
,
but
John
Duke
of
Bedford
Regent
of
that
Kingdom
dying
at
Paris
,
Anno.
1435.
with
his
death
,
the
English
Affairs
sunk
;
for
although
Richard
Duke
of
York
,
was
sent
over
Regent
,
yet
before
his
arrival
,
Paris
was
lost
by
the
treachery
and
revolt
of
the
Citizens
and
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
falling
off
,
besieged
or
blocked
up
Callais
;
upon
notice
of
which
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
passed
with
a
great
Army
,
but
the
Burgundians
were
retired
before
his
arrival
,
which
made
him
proceed
to
waste
the
Burgundian
Territories
,
and
then
returned
to
England
,
whilst
the
Duke
of
Somerset
,
the
Lords
Talbot
and
Willoughby
,
made
good
the
English
Interest
against
the
French
;
and
now
it
was
thought
expedient
that
King
Henry
should
Marry
,
and
by
the
contrivance
of
de
la
Pool
,
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
he
took
to
Wife
,
Margaret
,
Daughter
to
Renate
,
Duke
of
Anjou
and
Lorain
Titular
King
of
Sicily
and
Jerusalem
,
&c.
with
whom
he
had
little
or
no
Dowry
,
and
Suffolk's
too
much
favour
and
interest
with
the
Queen
,
made
the
Nobles
begin
to
murmur
and
indeed
,
this
Match
proved
in
the
end
,
disadvantageous
to
the
English
;
for
the
Queen
being
a
Woman
of
a
high
Spirit
,
and
finding
her
power
over
a
good
natured
and
easie
King
,
she
delayed
not
to
use
it
,
placing
and
displacing
at
her
pleasure
the
greatest
Counsellers
and
Ministers
of
State
,
so
the
Interest
in
France
daily
lessoned
,
and
the
Dauphin●
recovered
the
greatest
part
of
the
Kingdom
,
which
moved
Duke
Humphry
to
reproach
the
Queen
and
her
Council
with
bold
truth
,
whereby
they
became
so
exasperated
,
that
from
that
time
they
layed
Snares
to
intrap
him
;
but
finding
no
plausible
opportunity
,
they
resolved
to
take
a
violent
occasion
,
and
at
a
Parliament
holden
at
St.
Edmunds-bury
,
Anno
.
1447.
he
was
arrested
by
John
Lord
Beaumont
,
Lord
High
Constable
of
England
,
and
others
,
charged
with
High-Treason
,
and
put
under
a
Guard
of
the
King's
Houshold
,
but
had
not
been
long
in
his
Confinement
before
he
was
found
dead
,
not
without
strong
presumption
of
violence
used
towards
him
yet
to
shadow
it
with
the
people
,
who
entirely
loved
him
,
as
a
vertuous
,
wise
,
and
learned
Patriot
of
his
Country
,
his
body
was
exposed
,
and
it
was
given
out
that
he
died
of
an
Imposthume
and
Palsie
.
This
Duke
,
who
had
been
the
Prop
of
the
English
Affairs
,
removed
,
his
Servants
(
the
better
to
colour
the
Matter
,
)
were
brought
to
Tryall
,
and
five
of
them
convicted
of
High-Treason
,
upon
which
Sentence
they
were
drawn
to
Tyburn
,
and
being
hanged
about
two
Minutes
,
were
cut
down
alive
,
stripped
naked
,
and
marked
out
with
a
Knife
to
be
quartered
and
then
their
Charters
of
Pardon
were
produced
by
the
Marquess
of
Suffolk
;
and
now
the
whole
frame
of
Government
seemed
to
repose
it self
in
the
Queens
Authority
,
and
such
Favourites
as
by
her
insinuation
with
the
King
,
she
raised
to
the
highest
Dignities
.
This
gave
scope
to
the
Duke
of
York's
Ambition
,
who
concluding
there
was
an
open
passage
to
the
Crown
,
delayed
not
the
opportunity
,
but
consulted
his
Friends
,
declaring
his
Title
,
as
descended
from
Lionel
,
and
Elder
Brother
to
John
of
Gaunt
,
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
great
Grand-father
to
King
Henry
the
sixth
,
aggravating
the
miscarriages
in
Government
,
and
keeping
up
popular
divisions
,
and
indeed
the
King's
mildness
,
a
Council
out
of
Favour
with
the
people
,
●osses
and
dishonours
abroad
,
a
disorder
and
confusion
of
things
at
home
,
mainly
contributed
to
his
design
;
and
about
this
time
a
Rebellion
happening
in
Ireland
,
the
Duke
of
York
was
looked
upon
as
the
fittest
Man
to
go
over
,
for
the
appeasing
it
,
and
had
the
fortune
to
bring
it
to
a
happy
issue
,
when
in
the
mean
while
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
the
Queens
great
favourite
was
charged
in
a
Parliament
at
Westminster
,
with
evil
Demeanour
,
Misprision
and
Treason
,
and
committed
Prisoner
to
the
Tower
;
but
the
Queen
soon
after
procured
his
release
;
and
now
the
Yorkists
Faction
considerably
strengthened
,
appeared
bare-fac'd
,
and
being
vigorously
withstood
by
Adam
Molins
,
Bishop
of
Chichester
,
Keeper
of
the
Privy
Seal
,
to
remove
him
out
of
the
way
,
a
rable
of
Seamen
were
stired
up
to
fall
upon
him
at
Portsmouth
,
by
whose
rude
hands
the
good
Bishop
was
slain
,
and
in
a
Parliament
holden
at
Leicester
,
they
procured
the
Banishment
of
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
for
five
years
,
and
as
he
was
attempting
to
pass
the
Seas
,
he
was
taken
in
Dover
Road
,
by
such
as
the
Duke
of
York
had
laid
in
wait
for
him
,
and
for
want
of
a
Block
,
had
his
Head
cut
off
on
the
side
of
a
Cock-boat
,
which
was
looked
upon
as
a
Judgment
,
for
his
being
a
contriver
of
the
death
of
Humphry
,
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
the
King's
Uncle
.
Suffolk
thus
removed
out
of
the
way
,
the
Duke
of
York
concluded
he
wanted
but
one
step
into
the
Throne
;
and
although
he
was
yet
in
Ireland
,
he
so
effectually
wrought
by
his
Friends
in
England
,
that
the
Kentish
Men
took
up
Arms
under
the
leading
of
Jack
Cade
,
and
were
joyned
by
those
of
Essex
,
demanding
that
the
Duke
might
be
called
home
,
and
that
he
with
some
others
,
that
Cade
named
,
might
bechief
in
Council
.
That
those
guilty
of
the
death
of
Duke
Humphry
might
receive
due
punishment
:
That
the
Grievances
of
the
people
might
be
redressed
;
and
because
these
requests
were
not
speedily
answered
,
they
committed
many
violent
out-rages
in
and
about
London
,
as
plundering
the
houses
of
the
Citizens
,
beheading
the
Lord
Say
,
Treasurer
of
England
,
and
Mr.
Comer
High
Sheriff
of
Kent
,
for
attempting
to
perswade
them
to
return
to
their
Obedience
:
However
their
fury
being
spent
,
and
the
King's
Proclamation
for
a
Pardon
coming
out
to
indemnifie
them
,
they
returned
to
their
respective
Habitations
;
but
Cade
finding
his
Power
and
Credit
with
the
Multitude
,
upon
some
new
disgust
attempting
again
to
raise
the
Rable
he
was
encountered
by
the
Gentry
of
Kent
,
and
slain
by
one
Edan
.
Upon
the
stirs
and
uproars
in
England
,
the
Duke
of
York
without
any
Order
,
hasted
from
Ireland
and
took
up
Arms
,
pretendedly
for
the
Reformation
of
the
State
,
which
made
King
Henry
fortifie
himself
,
and
prepare
to
oppose
their
force
●
but
the
Duke
of
York
so
far
prevailed
with
the
easie
King
,
that
a
Reconciliation
was
made
,
and
the
Kuke
of
Somerset
,
who
mainly
opposed
the
Yorkists
Interest
,
was
confined
a
Prisoner
to
his
house
,
which
done
;
the
Duke
of
York
dissolved
his
Army
and
came
to
London
,
making
great
complaints
to
the
King
against
Somerset
,
of
which
that
Duke
had
no
sooner
notice
,
but
he
came
before
the
King
,
and
accused
his
Accuser
,
Face
to
Face
,
charging
him
with
High-Treason
,
as
having
conspired
to
depose
the
King
,
and
take
the
Sovereignty
on
himself
;
whereupon
the
Duke
of
York
was
confined
,
till
such
time
as
he
swore
in
St.
Paul's
Church
,
before
a
great
Concourse
of
Nobility
,
to
continue
a
true
,
faithfull
,
and
obedient
Subject
to
King
Henry
.
And
about
this
time
,
by
the
success
of
John
Talbot
,
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
,
the
Affairs
of
France
began
to
appear
in
a
better
posture
,
for
by
the
prevailing
Arms
of
this
valiant
man
,
Burdeaux
,
the
chief
City
in
Normandy
was
taken
,
with
many
other
Places
of
Note
;
but
upon
his
attempting
to
relieve
Castilion
,
charging
the
Enemy
upon
unequal
Terms
,
he
was
slain
in
the
Field
,
together
with
his
Son
,
the
Viscount
Lisle
,
and
with
him
dyed
all
the
English
hope
of
ever
recovering
what
was
lost
in
France
;
for
the
Duke
of
York
not
regarding
his
Oath
,
An.
1445.
took
up
Arms
,
and
broke
into
the
King's
Palace
,
and
the
King
to
oppose
him
drew
out
considerable
Forces
,
so
that
a
great
Battel
was
fought
at
St.
Albans
,
where
the
King
was
wounded
with
an
Arrow
,
and
taken
Prisoner
,
and
the
Duke
of
Somerset
,
the
Earls
of
Northumberland
and
Stafford
,
together
with
the
Lord
Clifford
,
and
divers
other
Knights
and
Gentlemen
of
the
Royal
Party
slain
.
Henry
being
brought
to
London
,
a
Parliament
was
called
,
in
which
the
Memories
and
Honours
of
Humphrey
Duke
of
Gloucester
were
restored
;
and
those
that
had
taken
up
Arms
under
the
Duke
of
York
,
indempnified
of
the
Treason
,
and
that
Duke
created
Protectour
of
England
.
The
Earl
of
Salisbury
made
Chancellour
,
and
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
his
Son
,
Captain
of
Calais
:
And
thus
having
gotten
the
Power
into
their
hands
,
they
worked
out
the
Counsellours
and
Favourites
of
the
King
,
placing
such
in
their
stead
as
would
stickle
for
their
Interest
.
The
Divisions
gave
the
French
the
boldness
to
make
discents
into
several
places
:
In
Kent
and
Devonshire
they
burnt
some
Towns
,
and
committed
many
Outrages
,
which
yet
abated
not
the
heat
and
heart-burning
of
the
English
one
to
another
;
for
although
〈◊〉
Lords
met
,
and
concluded
a
seeming
Agreement●
yet
it
lasted
not
long
,
before
both
side
●●●●med
,
and
a
mortal
Battel
was
fought
on
〈…〉
where
the
King's
Party
was
worsted
:
And
soon
after
another
Battel
was
fought
at
Ludlow
,
where
the
Duke
and
his
Adherents
received
a
great
overthrow
,
and
the
Town
of
Ludlow
laid
in
Ruines
for
adhering
to
the
Yorkists
;
and
hereupon
a
Parliament
was
called
,
wherein
the
Duke
of
York
,
the
Earls
of
March
,
Salisbury
,
and
Rutland
,
and
others
,
were
attainted
,
of
High
Treason
,
and
had
their
Estates
confiscated
:
But
on
the
9th
of
July
1460.
the
Scale
turned
,
for
in
a
fatal
Battel
at
Northampton
the
King
was
overthrown
by
means
of
the
revolt
of
the
Lord
Grey
of
Ruthen
;
and
in
this
Battel
on
the
King's
part
there
were
slain
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
the
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
,
Viscount
Beaumont
,
the
Lord
Egrinham
,
Sir
William
Lucy
,
and
others
,
and
the
King
himself
was
made
Prisoner
,
and
carried
to
London
,
where
in
a
Parliament
,
begun
the
8th
of
October
,
the
Duke
of
York
laid
Claim
to
the
Crown
,
and
set
forth
his
Pedigree
,
and
urged
it
so
far
,
that
the
Parliament
came
to
a
conclusion
,
That
Henry
should
enjoy
the
Crown
during
his
natural
Life
,
but
then
it
should
fall
to
the
Duke
of
York
,
and
his
heirs
,
and
the
heirs
of
Henry
to
be
utterly
excluded
;
and
accordingly
the
Duke
was
proclaimed
Heir
apparent
to
the
Crown
:
But
Queen
Margaret
,
who
was
in
the
North
raising
Forces
,
resolved
not
to
stand
to
what
her
Husband
had
been
forced
to
consent
to
,
but
to
maintain
the
right
of
her
Son
Prince
Edward
;
but
having
gathered
a
considerable
Army
,
she
marched
towards
London
;
against
her
the
Duke
drew
out
,
and
near
Wakefield
a
bloudy
and
doubtfull
Battel
was
faught
,
in
which
the
Duke
of
York
was
slain
,
his
Forces
overthrown
,
his
Son
,
the
Earl
of
Rutland
,
killed
begging
his
Life
on
his
Knees
,
and
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
taken
Prisoner
,
and
beheaded
;
the
Duke's
head
was
cut
off
,
and
a
Paper
Crown
set
upon
it
,
by
way
of
derision
and
thus
had
ended
the
fatal
Quarrel
between
the
Houses
of
York
and
Lancaster
,
had
not
Edward
Earl
of
March
,
eldest
Son
to
the
Duke
of
York
,
advanced
with
a
great
Army
,
gathered
in
the
Marches
of
Wales
,
and
near
Mortimer's
Cross
in
Ludlow
fought
with
the
Queens
Army
,
when
at
the
joining
of
the
Battel
three
Suns
appeared
in
the
Firmament
,
which
immediately
united
into
one
.
In
this
Battel
the
Queens
Forces
were
overthrown
with
great
Slaughter
,
and
Owen
Tudor
,
Father
in
law
to
King
Henry
VII
.
being
taken
Prisoner
,
was
,
together
with
Sir
John
Scudemore
,
and
his
two
Sons
,
beheaded
;
but
An.
1460.
the
Queen
overthrew
the
Earl
of
March
in
a
great
Battel
,
at
St.
Albans
,
rescuing
King
Henry
out
of
his
hands
,
who
was
brought
thither
to
countenance
the
Soldiers
;
but
the
Londoners
sided
with
him
,
and
upon
the
Queens
drawing
off
to
the
North
,
proclaimed
him
King
of
England
,
&c.
And
here
Historians
put
an
end
to
King
Henry's
Reign
,
though
he
lived
much
longer
,
as
will
appear
in
the
succeeding
Reign
;
his
Wife
was
Margaret
,
Daughter
to
Reynate
,
King
of
Jerusalem
,
&c.
by
her
he
had
Issue
Edward
.
This
Henry
was
King
of
England
,
and
France
,
and
Lord
of
Ireland
,
the
onely
Child
of
Henry
the
Fifth
by
Katharine
his
Queen
;
he
began
his
Reign
on
the
30th
of
August
,
1422.
and
reigned
thirty
eight
Years
,
6
Months
,
and
3
Days
,
being
the
thirty
fifth
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
and
was
stabbed
to
the
heart
in
the
Tower
by
Richard
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
Brother
to
Edward
the
Fourth
,
on
the
20th
of
May
,
1471.
in
the
46th
Year
of
his
Age
,
buried
first
in
the
Abbey
of
Chartsey
,
in
Surry
,
afterwards
removed
to
Windsor
by
Henry
the
Seventh
,
then
removed
again
none
knows
where
.
In
his
time
many
strange
Accidents
happened
,
portending
the
Woes
and
Miscries
that
befell
the
Kingdom
.
Thus
the
good
pious
King
,
bereft
of
Crowns
,
Bore
patiently
the
Wreck
of
Fortune's
frowns
;
Yet
murtherous
minds
were
not
with
this
content
,
But
in
a
stream
of
Bloud
to
Heaven
he
's
sent
.
The
Reign
and
Actions
of
Edward
the
Fourth
,
King
of
England
,
&c.
EDward
the
eldest
Son
to
Richard
,
Duke
of
York
,
in
the
beginning
of
his
Reign
,
found
great
opposition
from
the
Lancastrians
,
who
pitying
the
Misfortune
of
pious
King
Henry
,
raised
Forces
in
many
parts
;
he
was
crowned
at
Westminster
;
but
the
Citizens
,
who
had
been
the
greatest
Sticklers
for
him
,
not
finding
him
answer
their
expectations
,
in
performing
the
Promises
he
had
made
them
,
began
to
decline
his
Interest
,
however
he
marched
against
the
Forces
raised
in
the
North
,
giving
the
Lord
Fitz-walter
battel
at
Ferrybridg
,
near
Pontefract
,
but
not
being
able
to
maintain
it
,
he
was
there
,
with
most
of
his
men
,
cut
in
pieces
by
Henry's
Forces
,
when
both
Armies
facing
on
the
Plain
between
Towton
,
and
Saxton
,
on
the
28th
of
March
they
joined
Battel
,
that
of
Edwards
consisting
of
48660
men
,
and
Henry's
of
60000
,
but
by
the
Lancastrians
mistaking
Stars
for
Suns
,
being
the
Cognizance
of
each
Party
,
and
doubting
some
Treason
in
the
case
,
many
of
them
fled
;
so
that
those
who
remained
lost
the
field
;
and
in
this
Battel
were
slain
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
the
Lords
Clifford
,
Neuel
,
Wells
,
Scales
,
Beaumont
,
Dacres
,
Grey
,
Willoughby
,
Fitzhug
,
and
other
Persons
,
of
Quality
,
about
357
,
and
in
all
35091
,
being
the
most
bloudy
and
obstinate
Battel
that
had
been
fought
;
upon
this
Overthrow
Henry
,
with
his
Queen
and
Son
,
fled
into
Scotland
,
and
were
honourably
received
by
King
James
,
whose
Sister
Prince
Edward
not
long
after
married
.
From
Scotland
the
Queen
sailed
to
France
,
to
seek
aids
in
that
Court
,
and
in
mean
while
King
Edward
returning
to
London
,
was
a
second
time
proclaimed
,
and
calling
a
Parliament
,
Henry
,
together
with
his
Queen
,
and
Prince
Edward
his
Son
,
were
disinherited
,
and
about
fourty
three
Nobles
disinherited
and
attainted
.
The
Queen
,
a
Woman
of
a
Martial
Spirit
,
by
her
Interest
in
France
had
by
this
time
gotten
a
considerable
number
of
Men
;
but
sailing
for
Scotland
,
and
afterwards
making
for
England
,
her
Fleet
was
scattered
by
a
Tempest
;
so
that
she
and
her
Husband
were
left
solely
to
the
Aid
of
the
Scots
,
and
with
what
Forces
they
could
gather
,
marched
as
far
as
the
Bishoprick
of
Durham
;
but
the
Forces
of
the
Scots
were
defeated
at
Hegely
Moor
,
where
Sir
Ralph
Percie
dying
,
said
in
allusion
of
his
Oath
to
King
Henry
.
I
have
saved
the
Bird
in
my
Breast
.
And
another
defeat
happening
at
Hexam
Feries
,
Fortune
seemed
utterly
averse
;
and
that
poor
Prince
coming
out
of
Scotland
into
England
in
disguise
,
was
betrayed
,
and
apprehended
as
he
sat
at
Dinner
in
Wadington-Hall
,
and
in
an
ignominious
manner
brought
to
London
,
with
his
Legs
bound
under
the
Horses
Belly
,
and
secured
as
a
Prisoner
in
the
Tower
.
King
Edward
by
the
Imprisonment
of
Henry
,
conceiving
himself
more
secure
,
sent
the
Earl
of
Warwick
to
woo
for
him
in
the
Court
of
Savoy
;
but
whilst
he
earnestly
sollicited
,
and
had
brought
the
matter
to
perfection
,
by
obtaining
the
good
Will
of
the
Estates
;
News
came
that
King
Edward
had
married
the
Lady
Elizabeth
Grey
,
Widow
to
Sir
John
Grey
,
slain
in
the
Battel
at
St.
Albans
,
fighting
on
the
part
of
King
Henry
,
with
whom
he
had
fallen
in
Love
,
upon
her
becoming
an
humble
Suitor
to
him
for
her
Jointure
;
and
because
he
could
not
compass
his
ends
without
Marriage
;
that
vertuous
Lady
disdaining
to
be
the
Harlot
,
even
of
a
puissant
King
,
he
resolved
against
the
Minds
of
his
Friends
to
obtain
his
desires
,
by
making
her
his
Wife
.
This
so
sensibly
touched
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
in
reflecting
upon
his
Honour
,
in
serving
a
Master
of
so
little
Constancy
,
that
although
he
had
been
mainly
Instrumental
,
in
helping
him
to
the
Kingdom
he
changed
his
love
into
mortal
hatred
,
and
working
upon
George
Duke
of
Clarence
to
favour
his
design
and
by
secret
Practices
,
they
stirred
up
a
Commotion
in
the
North
,
where
one
Robert
Huldren
headed
15000
of
the
Commons
,
but
he
being
executed
Sir
John
Conyers
undertook
to
head
them
,
Proclaiming
as
they
passed
,
that
King
Edward
was
an
unjust
Prince
,
and
unprofitable
to
the
Kingdom
;
when
to
surpress
these
disorders
,
he
sent
an
Army
under
the
leading
of
the
Earl
of
Pembroke
,
who
joyned
Battel
near
Banbury
,
and
had
been
victorious
,
had
not
one
John
Clapham
,
Esq
and
Servant
to
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
come
in
the
heat
of
the
Fight
,
and
displayed
his
Master's
Colours
,
whose
Cognisance
was
the
White
Bear
,
and
by
crying
a
Warwick
,
so
dismayed
the
Welshmen
,
of
whom
most
of
the
Army
was
composed
that
thereby
thinking
the
Earl
was
come
in
with
his
party
,
they
threw
down
their
Arms
,
and
betook
them
to
flight
,
leaving
their
General
,
who
valiantly
fighting
,
was
taken
Prisoner
;
together
with
his
Brother
,
Sir
Robert
Herbert
,
and
ten
other
Gentlemen
of
Note
,
who
lost
their
Heads
at
Banbury
,
by
the
Judgment
of
Conyers
and
Clapham
,
Anno
1469.
The
Success
of
the
Northern
men
occasioned
them
to
rise
in
great
Number
,
and
a
Party
under
the
Leading
of
Robert
of
Ridisdale
,
surprising
the
King's
Manner
of
Grafton
siezed
the
Lord
Rivers
,
the
Queens
Father
,
together
with
John
his
Son
,
whom
they
beheaded
at
Northampton
,
which
obliged
the
King
to
hasten
with
a
great
Army
,
but
whilst
the
people
were
expecting
the
issue
of
a
bloudy
Fight
,
a
Truce
was
concluded
,
which
rendering
the
King
more
secure
than
cautious
,
the
Earl
of
Warwick
entered
his
Tent
in
the
dead
of
Night
and
with
little
resistance
made
him
Prisoner
,
and
carried
him
to
Warwick
Castle
,
and
from
thence
in
the
Night
time
conveyed
him
to
Middleham
Castle
in
Yorkshire
,
and
there
committed
him
to
George
Nevil
,
Arch-Bishop
of
York
,
Brother
to
the
Earl
,
but
having
Liberty
allowed
to
hunt
in
the
Park
and
Forrests
,
he
was
rescued
by
a
Troup
of
his
own
Men
;
however
,
Sir
Robert
Wells
with
thirty
thousand
of
the
Commons
,
disturbed
the
Country
,
Proclaiming
King
Henry
.
but
encountering
King
Edwards
Forces
and
himself
in
a
bloudy
Battel
,
made
Prisoner
;
the
Lincolnshire
Men
,
of
which
the
Army
was
mostly
composed
,
threw
of
their
Coats
,
with
the
Earls
badge
on
them
&
in
great
Confusion
left
the
Field
,
so
that
from
that
it
was
called
the
battel
of
Losi-Coa●field
,
upon
which
defeat
,
and
the
putting
Sir
Robert
with
many
others
to
death
.
The
Duke
of
Clarence
Earl
of
Warwick
,
and
divers
Nobles
,
found
themselves
obliged
to
pass
the
Seas
,
but
were
refused
enterance
at
Calais
,
of
which
place
Warwick
was
Captain
,
by
one
Vawclear
whom
he
a
little
before
had
Substituted
his
Deputy
,
and
for
which
refusal
King
Edward
made
him
Captain
in
Warwick's
stead
;
however
they
went
to
the
Court
at
France
,
and
were
there
entertained
with
much
respect
,
where
gathering
Aids
and
holding
Correspondence
with
their
Friends
in
England
;
soon
after
they
Landed
at
Dartmouth
,
and
Marched
towards
London
,
Proclaiming
King
Henry
,
and
commanded
all
from
Sixteen
to
Sixty
years
of
Age
,
to
take
up
Arms
on
his
behalf
,
against
Edward
Duke
of
York
whom
they
termed
a
Usurper
,
so
that
all
the
Land
in
a
manner
was
in
Arms
;
and
King
Edward
perceiving
his
Fortune
utterly
averse
,
and
that
the
few
forces
he
had
raised
,
were
ready
to
Revolt
,
he
thought
it
no
fit
time
to
dispute
,
but
rather
to
reserve
himself
to
a
more
favourable
Fortune
,
whereupon
with
a
few
of
his
Friends
,
he
passed
the
Seas
-
and
was
received
by
Charles
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
who
had
married
the
Lady
Margaret
his
Sister
,
whilst
his
Queen
took
Sanctuary
in
Westminster
,
where
she
was
delivered
of
a
Son
,
afterwards
Christened
by
the
name
of
Edward
,
and
other
Sanctuarys
were
filled
with
the
King's
Friends
,
and
such
as
had
adhered
to
him
.
This
disorder
gave
the
Kentish
men
an
opportunity
to
rise
in
Arms
,
and
do
great
mischief
,
especially
in
and
about
the
City
of
London
,
and
had
been
greater
,
but
the
Earl
entered
with
his
Army
,
and
put
an
end
to
those
disorders
,
and
set
King
Henry
at
liberty
,
who
had
been
a
Prisoner
in
the
Tower
,
for
almost
the
space
of
Nine
years
,
conveying
him
to
the
King's
Palace
in
great
Triumph
,
where
on
the
13th
.
of
October
he
was
crowned
again
,
and
went
with
the
Crown
on
his
head
to
St.
Paul's
Church
,
the
Earl
of
Warwick
bearing
up
his
Train
,
and
the
Earl
of
Oxford
carrying
the
Sword
before
him
,
whilst
the
people
cryed
,
God
save
King
Henry
,
and
a
Parliament
being
called
to
sit
at
Westminster
,
the
26th
.
of
November
,
King
Edward
was
declared
a
Traitor
to
his
Country
,
and
a
Usurper
of
the
Crown
,
his
Goods
and
Lands
were
confiscated
,
and
his
Adherents
were
attained
:
The
Earl
of
Worcester
,
for
his
Cause
lost
his
Head
,
and
all
the
Statutes
made
by
Edward
Revoked
:
The
Crowns
of
England
and
France
were
entailed
to
King
Henry
and
his
Heirs
Male
,
and
for
default
of
such
Issue
to
George
,
Duke
of
Clarence
;
The
Earl
of
Warwick
to
be
Governour
of
the
Land
till
it
could
be
better
settled
.
Thus
went
the
various
change
of
Affairs
in
England
,
〈◊〉
the
bloudy
contest
between
the
houses
of
York
and
Lancaster
,
yet
continued
not
the
advancement
of
King
Henry
;
for
King
Edward
holding
Correspondency
in
England
,
and
gathering
some
Forces
beyond
the
Seas
,
landed
at
Ravenspur
in
Yorkshire
,
where
the
better
to
insinuate
with
the
People
:
He
at
first
pretended
to
come
for
his
right
,
as
a
private
person
,
but
finding
himself
strong
enough
,
he
siezed
upon
York
,
and
increasing
in
Power
,
marched
till
●he
came
near
to
the
City
of
Warwick
,
where
his
Brother
the
Duke
of
Clarence
being
reconciled
to
him
by
the
means
of
a
Maid-servant
,
that
had
lived
with
the
Old
Dutches
of
York
,
desiring
the
Earl
to
forsake
King
Henry's
Cause
,
and
close
with
his
Brother
,
but
that
great
Man
more
regarding
his
Engagement
than
Life
or
Interest
,
sent
him
word
,
that
he
had
rather
be
an
Earl
,
and
always
like
himself
than
a
perjured
Duke
,
and
that
e'er
his
Oath
should
be
falsified
as
the
Dukes
apparently
was
,
he
would
lay
down
his
Life
at
his
enemies
Feet
,
which
he
doubt
not
should
be
bought
very
dear
,
whereupon
King
Edward
hasted
to
London
,
and
was
received
by
the
Citizen
no
ways
able
to
resist
him
;
when
drawing
out
his
Forces
,
he
marched
against
the
Earl
and
his
Accomplicies
,
and
on
Easter
day
in
the
Morning
,
Battel
was
joyned
on
Glad-more
Heath
,
near
Barnet
,
in
which
bloudy
Conflict
,
fortune
at
first
seemed
to
favour
Warwick
but
by
an
unlucky
mistake
,
he
lost
the
day
,
for
a
great
Mist
falling
the
embroidered
Stars
,
upon
the
Coats
of
such
as
were
commanded
by
the
Earl
of
Oxford
,
being
taken
for
Suns
,
which
was
King
Edward's
Cognizance
;
Warwick's
Battallion
charged
by
that
Errour
upon
their
Friends
,
and
they
suspecting
it
done
on
purpose
,
crying
out
,
Treason
quitted
the
Field
,
which
the
Earl
perceiving
,
and
resolving
not
to
out-live
the
loss
of
the
day
,
charged
desperately
into
the
King's
Battel
,
killing
many
with
his
own
Hands
;
but
being
cut
off
from
the
assistance
of
his
own
men
,
he
there
was
slain
,
as
likewise
was
his
Brother
the
Lord
Montacute
,
in
attempting
to
Rescue
him
;
on
King
Edward's
Party
,
dyed
the
Lords
Cromwell
,
Bourchier
,
and
Barns
,
with
Si●
John
Lisle
;
and
on
both
sides
about
10000
of
all
sorts
:
But
thus
ended
not
the
Contests
for
the
Crown
;
for
Queen
Margaret
,
in
the
right
of
her
Husband
,
and
Son
,
raised
a
strong
Power
,
Anno
Domini
1471.
and
gave
the
King
Battel
at
Tewxbury
;
but
Fortune
now
turned
fatally
averse
to
the
Queen
,
and
her
Family
;
for
losing
the
day
,
with
the
death
of
John
Lord
Somerset
,
John
Courtney
,
Earl
of
Devonshire
,
Sir
John
Delues
,
Sir
Edward
Hampden
,
Sir
Robert
Whitingham
,
Sir
John
Leukner
,
and
several
others
;
and
a
great
many
of
lesser
note
.
The
Queen
in
this
rout
fled
,
and
betook
her self
to
a
religious
house
for
sanctuary
,
but
was
takan
thence
,
and
made
close
Prisoner
;
young
Prince
Edward
,
her
Son
,
was
taken
in
his
flight
by
Sir
Richard
Crofts
,
who
presented
him
to
King
Edward
,
who
having
a
while
beheld
him
with
a
stern
countenance
,
demanded
how
he
durst
presume
with
Banners
displayed
to
disturb
his
Kingdom
;
to
which
the
Prince
replied
,
that
what
he
did
was
to
recover
his
Father's
Kingdoms
,
and
his
most
rightfull
Inheritance
.
But
how
dare
you
,
continued
the
Prince
,
being
but
a
Subject
,
display
your
Colours
against
your
Liege
Lord
?
Upon
this
resolute
replie
,
King
Edward
unworthily
struck
him
on
the
Mouth
with
his
Gantlet
,
when
Richard
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
basely
taking
the
hint
,
stabbed
him
,
and
the
Wound
being
seconded
by
some
of
the
Servants
,
the
poor
Prince
fell
dead
at
the
King's
feet
.
Things
being
carried
at
an
extraordinary
highth
,
Edmund
Duke
of
Somerset
,
the
Prior
of
St.
John's
,
with
divers
Knights
and
Esquiers
,
who
had
taken
sanctuary
,
were
contrary
to
the
Custome
of
those
times
,
taken
thence
by
force
,
and
executed
at
Tewxbury
;
and
soon
after
Richard
,
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
the
King's
Brother
,
stabbed
the
pious
King
Henry
to
the
heart
in
the
Tower
of
London
,
and
his
body
was
exposed
in
a
Coffin
at
St.
Paul's
,
to
convince
the
People
he
was
dead
.
As
for
the
Queen
,
she
continued
several
years
a
Prisoner
,
but
at
length
her
Father
mortgaged
most
of
his
Principalities
to
pay
her
Ransome
,
and
she
thereupon
was
sent
over
Sea
,
where
in
much
sorrow
and
perplexity
she
languished
●ut
the
rest
of
her
days
;
and
by
this
means
the
Lancastrians
being
utterly
disabled
to
make
head
,
King
Edward
more
assured
in
his
Throne
,
betook
himself
to
his
Pleasure
,
and
hearing
of
the
Fame
of
Jane
Shoar
,
Wife
to
a
Goldsmith
in
Gracechurch-street
,
he
sent
for
her
,
and
took
her
to
his
Bed
;
upon
which
her
Husband
renounced
her
,
and
for
Grief
,
and
the
Disgrace
,
betook
himself
to
travel
beyond
the
Seas
,
never
returning
into
England
.
He
had
likewise
two
other
Concubines
,
high
in
his
esteem
,
and
being
in
the
Year
1474.
in
France
,
at
an
Interview
with
the
French
King
,
Lewis
told
him
,
that
he
would
one
day
invite
him
to
court
the
fair
Ladies
of
Paris
;
to
which
Offer
Edward
readily
consented
;
insomuch
that
the
French
King
not
being
pleased
with
his
forwardness
,
whispering
to
Philip
Comines
,
his
Bosome
Friend
,
told
him
that
he
repented
of
his
Offer
,
considering
that
there
had
been
too
many
English
Princes
already
at
Paris
;
so
that
the
King
returned
without
having
any
opportunity
to
prosecute
such
Amours
.
Anno
1478.
by
the
contrivance
of
Richard
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
George
Duke
of
Clarence
,
was
accused
of
sundry
Crimes
,
and
committed
to
the
Tower
,
where
soon
after
he
was
smothered
in
a
Butt
of
Malmsey
Wine
;
and
't
is
reported
the
King
consented
to
so
great
a
Wickedness
upon
a
Prophecy
,
That
a
G.
should
succeed
an
E.
which
however
proved
true
,
though
he
mistook
the
Man
;
for
Richard
Duke
of
Gloucester
usurped
the
Throne
,
and
murthered
his
two
Sons
,
as
will
appear
hereafter
.
Two
Acts
yet
more
of
this
King's
Cruelty
are
memorable
,
viz.
Going
into
the
Countrey
he
was
invited
to
hunt
in
the
Park
of
one
Thomas
Burdet
Esq
where
after
having
caught
much
Game
,
he
,
by
the
persuasion
o●
some
that
were
about
him
,
killed
a
white
Buck
,
which
for
its
Tameness
and
comely
Form
was
greatly
beloved
by
the
Owner
;
and
upon
notice
it
was
slain
,
he
wished
the
Horns
of
it
in
the
Belly
of
those
that
advised
the
King
to
doe
it
;
which
being
over-heard
by
some
Court
Parasites
,
they
,
to
curry
favour
with
the
King
,
made
their
Report
of
it
to
him
with
aggravation
;
insomuch
that
Burdet
was
tried
and
cast
for
High
Treason
,
in
wishing
the
King's
Death
,
and
accordingly
beheaded
at
Tyburn
.
Another
Person
he
caused
to
be
hanged
before
his
own
door
in
Cheapside
,
for
saying
to
a
little
Youth
,
his
Son
,
that
if
he
would
mind
his
Book
,
and
be
a
good
Boy
,
he
would
make
him
heir
to
the
Crown
,
meaning
in
all
probability
his
house
that
bore
that
Sign
,
&c.
But
now
the
King
worn
out
with
Wars
and
Women
,
much
grieved
for
the
untimely
death
of
his
Brother
,
fell
sick
,
and
sending
for
the
Nobles
that
were
at
Court
,
he
earnestly
desired
them
to
live
peaceably
together
,
and
have
regard
to
his
Children
in
their
tender
Years
,
forgetting
Injuries
and
Animosities
,
as
they
tendered
the
Love
of
God
and
their
King
,
appointing
his
Son
Edward
,
a
Youth
of
about
12
years
of
Age
,
to
succeed
him
,
making
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
Protectour
of
his
Person
during
his
Minority
,
and
then
gave
up
the
Ghost
on
the
9th
of
Apr.
1483.
He
had
Issue
by
Elizabeth
his
Wife
,
Daughter
to
Richard
Woodvile
,
Earl
Rivers
,
Prince
Edward
,
Richard
Duke
of
Bedford
,
who
dyed
a
Child
,
Richard
Duke
of
York
,
Elizabeth
married
to
Henry
VII
.
Cici●
married
to
the
Lord
Viscount
Wells
,
Anne
married
to
Thomas
Howard
,
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
Bridget
,
a
veiled
Nun
,
Mary
,
who
dyed
1482.
Margaret
,
who
dyed
an
Infant
,
Katharine
married
to
William
Courtney
Earl
of
Devonshire
;
his
base
Issue
was
Arthur
and
Elizabeth
.
This
Edward
was
King
of
England
,
France
,
and
Lord
of
Ireland
,
Son
to
Richard
Plantagenet
,
Duke
of
York
;
he
began
his
Reign
on
the
4th
of
March
,
1460.
and
reigned
22
Years
,
1
Month
,
and
5
Days
,
and
was
the
36th
sole
Monarch
of
England
;
he
dyed
in
the
40th
year
of
his
Age
,
and
the
23d
of
his
Reign
;
his
Body
was
buried
in
the
new
Chapel
at
Windsor
,
whose
Foundation
himself
had
laid
.
Thus
after
bloudy
Toils
with
restless
Fate
The
Warlike
Prince
does
to
the
Grave
retreat
;
The
mighty
dead
now
undistinguished
lies
,
Death
makes
the
Monarch
and
the
Slave
his
prize
.
The
Reign
and
Actions
of
Edward
the
V.
King
of
England
,
&c.
EDward
V
upon
the
death
of
his
Father
was
committed
to
the
Care
and
Tutulage
of
Sir
Anthony
Woodvile
,
with
whom
were
joined
sundry
of
the
Queens
Relations
before
her
Marriage
;
but
Richard
Duke
of
Glocester
,
the
deceased
King's
Brother
,
thirsting
after
Sovereignty
,
laboured
to
remove
them
from
the
Person
of
the
young
King
;
and
to
that
●nd
hearing
they
were
bringing
him
out
of
the
Countrey
,
whither
he
had
retired
,
to
be
crowned
●t
London
,
with
a
great
Power
and
Train
,
he
so
●ealt
with
the
Queen
,
that
she
sent
express
word
,
they
should
save
the
charge
and
trouble
of
so
great
〈◊〉
Concourse
,
and
urged
as
Gloucester
had
insinuated
,
that
it
would
give
the
Nobility
at
London
apprehensions
of
danger
,
and
occasion
of
disturbance
or
discontent
;
and
having
made
the
Duke
of
Buck●ngham
,
the
Lord
Hastings
,
and
others
,
his
Confidents
,
he
marched
to
Stonystratford
,
and
there
took
●ho
young
King
by
force
from
the
small
Train
that
attended
him
,
arresting
the
Lord
Richard
Grey
,
Sir
Thomas
Vaughan
,
and
Sir
Richard
Hawtre
,
in
the
King's
presence
,
nor
could
his
entreaty
prevail
for
their
delivery
;
he
made
Sir
Anthony
Woodvile
,
now
Lord
Rivers
,
Prisoner
,
and
soon
after
sent
him
and
the
Lord
Grey
,
with
a
strong
Guard
,
to
a
Castle
in
the
North
,
pretending
for
his
Justification
of
these
proceedings
,
that
they
had
a
design
upon
his
Life
,
and
the
Lives
of
the
ancient
Nobility
,
that
they
might
have
the
power
of
the
King
and
Kingdom
in
their
own
hands
;
and
to
render
the
report
more
plausible
,
caused
old
Armour
,
and
rusty
weapons
,
to
be
shewed
to
the
people
in
his
way
to
London
,
pretending
those
were
the
Instruments
intended
to
doe
the
business
.
The
Queen
upon
the
surprising
news
began
to
have
mortal
Apprehensions
of
the
danger
the
King
and
her self
were
in
,
finding
how
she
had
been
imposed
on
by
the
Protectour
,
in
forbidding
the
strength
intended
for
the
Guard
of
her
Son's
Person
and
the
better
to
secure
her self
she
removed
with
her
son
Richard
,
Duke
of
York
,
and
her
Daughters
into
the
sanctuary
at
Westminster
,
and
people
wer●
filled
with
fear
and
confusion
,
especially
when
they
found
the
Thames
full
of
Boats
,
with
the
servants
o●
Buckingham
and
Gloucester
in
them
,
to
prevent
th●
escape
of
any
persons
that
way
,
and
to
preven●
their
coming
to
sanctuary
;
however
the
Archbishop
of
York
comforted
the
Queen
the
best
he
could
,
delivering
up
the
Broad
Seal
,
and
telling
her
,
if
an●
misfortune
came
to
the
King
,
he
would
crown
hi●
Brother
;
and
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
caused
th●
Lord
Hasting
,
Lord
Chamberlain
,
to
send
a
Messag●
to
the
Archbishop
to
assure
him
all
would
be
well
but
the
Queen
declared
against
that
Lord
,
as
on●
that
sought
the
Ruine
of
her
Family
:
however
o●
the
fourth
of
May
the
King
came
to
Town
,
and
wa●
in
much
Pomp
conveyed
to
the
Bishop
of
London
Palace
,
where
the
Dukes
of
Gloucester
,
Buckingham
,
and
other
Noblemen
,
swore
Fealty
to
him
,
and
by
a
second
Approbation
the
first
was
confirmed
Protector
of
the
King's
Person
and
Kingdoms
.
Gloucester
having
made
a
prosperous
beginning
,
fell
to
strengthening
his
Party
,
and
held
divers
Councils
,
to
contrive
what
was
farther
to
be
done
;
but
he
found
he
had
as
yet
but
half
his
Prey
in
his
hands
,
and
thereupon
he
laboured
to
get
the
Duke
of
York
into
his
possession
,
and
to
that
end
Consultations
were
held
in
the
Stra-chamber
,
where
it
was
resolved
,
that
for
sundry
Reasons
he
should
be
with
his
Brother
;
but
the
Abbat
and
Archbishop
declaring
it
was
no
ways
reasonable
,
but
alltogether
dangerous
,
to
make
a
breach
upon
the
sanctuary
;
the
latter
was
appointed
to
wait
upon
the
Queen
to
prevail
with
her
for
his
peaceable
delivery
;
and
although
she
used
many
pregnant
Reasons
to
the
contrary
,
yet
understanding
the
Protectour
was
resolved
to
have
him
by
force
,
if
fair
means
failed
,
she
with
much
regret
,
and
a
floud
of
sorrow
,
delivered
him
to
the
charge
of
the
Archbishop
,
and
other
Lords
that
attended
,
saying
,
I
deliver
him
and
his
Brother
into
your
hands
,
of
whom
I
shall
require
them
before
God
and
the
World
;
after
which
she
tenderly
kissed
and
embraced
the
Infant
,
blessing
him
,
and
weeping
over
him
,
as
a
fatal
presage
of
his
Misfortune
,
whilst
the
Child
wept
as
fast
;
the
Protectour
having
gotten
him
,
he
took
him
in
his
Arms
,
and
gave
him
a
treacherous
Kiss
,
saying
,
Now
wellcome
,
my
Lord
,
even
with
all
my
heart
.
The
Prize
thus
gotten
,
the
Councils
were
removed
,
one
held
in
the
Tower
,
and
the
other
in
Bishopsgate-Street
,
under
pretence
of
preparing
for
the
King's
Coronation
;
and
the
better
to
colour
the
matter
Pageants
were
ordered
to
be
made
,
but
the
Protectour
perceiving
the
Lords
Hastings
and
Stanly
to
cross
what
he
aimed
at
,
he
resolved
to
remove
those
Obstacles
,
in
order
to
which
coming
in
the
morning
to
that
Council
in
the
Tower
with
a
very
pleasant
countenance
,
and
excusing
his
lateness
,
he
went
out
again
for
a
little
space
,
but
then
returned
with
a
frowning
and
angry
countenance
,
and
demanded
what
ought
to
be
done
to
those
that
sought
to
compass
his
death
,
who
was
of
the
Royal
Bloud
,
and
so
near
allied
to
the
Crown
.
To
which
they
agreed
,
that
they
ought
to
be
punished
as
heinous
Traitours
.
They
are
,
said
the
Protectour
,
that
Sorceress
,
my
Sister
,
meaning
the
Queen
,
and
that
Witch
Shoar's
Wife
,
of
her
Council
,
that
have
wasted
my
Body
with
their
Sorceries
,
an●
Witchcraft
,
and
thereupon
drawing
up
his
slieve
shewed
his
Arm
,
which
was
wasted
and
wearish
,
bu●
indeed
had
never
been
otherwise
;
whereat
the
Lords
stood
mute
,
as
knowing
it
was
only
designed
to
quarrel
with
them
,
till
the
Ld.
Hastings
presuming
upon
the
friendship
he
had
all
along
had
with
him
and
at
that
time
keeping
Jane
Shoar
as
his
Miss
whom
he
thought
to
excuse
,
said
,
Certainty
,
my
Lord
,
if
they
have
so
done
,
they
are
worthy
of
punishment
,
What
,
replied
the
Protectour
fiercely
,
thou
serves●
me
with
If
's
and
Ands
,
I
tell
thee
they
have
done
so
,
and
that
I
will
make
good
upon
thy
Body
,
Traitor
.
Vpon
me
,
my
Lord
,
replied
Hastings
?
Yes
,
upon
thee
,
Traitor
,
replied
the
Protectour
;
and
thereupon
gave
a
Blow
with
his
Fist
on
the
Table
,
at
which
,
as
the
Signal
one
without
cried
,
Treason
,
and
immediately
there
rushed
in
a
company
of
armed
Men
,
one
of
them
letting
fly
with
his
Sword
at
the
Lord
Stanly
,
and
wounded
him
in
the
head
;
nor
had
he
failed
to
have
cleft
his
Skull
,
had
he
not
nimbly
shrunk
under
the
Table
.
Then
the
Protectour
caused
Hastings
to
be
arrested
,
bidding
him
speedily
take
a
Priest
,
and
confess
himself
,
swearing
by
St.
Paul
,
he
would
not
dine
till
he
saw
his
Head
off
;
and
it
was
no
time
for
that
Lord
to
reason
the
matter
,
but
taking
a
Priest
at
a
venture
,
after
he
was
shriven
his
Head
was
struck
off
on
a
Log
of
Timber
in
the
Tower
,
and
the
sooner
to
save
the
Protector
's
Oath
,
who
was
in
haste
to
go
to
dinner
.
And
thus
dyed
this
man
in
the
time
of
his
greatest
Security
,
betrayed
by
a
Servant
of
his
,
whom
he
had
too
much
relied
on
,
and
trusted
with
his
secrets
.
To
colour
off
the
Murther
of
the
Lord
Hastings
,
who
fell
without
Process
or
Tryall
,
the
Lord
Mayor
and
Aldermen
were
sent
for
,
to
whom
the
Protector
and
Duke
of
Buckingham
appeared
in
old
rusty
Armour
,
declaring
that
their
Lives
being
in
such
eminent
danger
,
by
the
Conspiracy
of
the
Lord
Hastings
and
others
,
of
which
they
had
not
been
informed
till
ten
in
the
Morning
,
that
in
their
defence
,
they
were
forced
to
take
what
came
first
to
hand
,
requiring
them
so
to
report
it
to
their
fellow
Citizens
,
and
an
Instrument
in
Writing
to
the
same
purpose
that
had
been
drawn
up
before
hand
,
was
Proclaimed
by
the
Heraulds
;
and
to
set
some
Gloss
upon
his
Words
,
he
caused
the
Sheriffs
of
London
to
sieze
upon
all
the
Riches
and
Furniture
of
Jane
Shea●s
House
,
and
commanded
the
Bishop
of
London
to
put
her
to
open
Pennance
,
and
accordingly
she
went
barefoot
in
her
Shift
,
with
a
Rope
about
her
middle
,
and
a
Tapour
in
her
hand
,
through
the
Streets
of
London
,
to
Paul's
Cross
,
&c.
and
further
,
the
Protector
commanded
under
great
Penalties
,
that
she
should
be
turned
into
the
Streets
,
and
none
should
relieve
her
,
yet
several
did
it
privately
,
whose
Lives
and
Estates
she
had
saved
by
her
Power
and
Interest
with
King
Edward
;
however
,
she
lived
to
an
old
Age
,
not
dying
till
the
20th
.
year
of
the
Reign
of
Henry
the
eight
.
The
Protector
's
hand
dipped
again
in
Bloud
;
he
resolved
not
to
stop
,
but
by
a
private
Order
,
sent
to
his
Creature
,
Sir
Reheard
Radeliff
,
the
Lords
taken
from
the
King
at
Stonystratford
and
Northampton
,
were
beheaded
in
Pontefract
Castle
.
And
now
the
Protector
concluding
his
passage
open
to
the
Throne
,
no
longer
Masqued
his
Intention
;
but
gaining
Edmund
Shaw
,
Lord
Mayor
of
London
to
side
with
him
,
many
Clubs
and
Caballs
were
carried
on
by
his
Party
,
and
Dr.
Shaw
,
Brother
to
the
Mayor
,
Preaching
a
Sermon
at
St.
Paul's
Cross
.
on
the
19th
.
of
June
,
declared
to
the
people
that
there
had
been
no
lawfull
Marriage
between
King
Edward
and
his
Queen
,
and
therefore
the
Children
ought
not
to
succeed
to
the
Throne
,
and
that
neither
King
Edward
nor
the
Duke
of
Clarence
,
his
Brother
,
were
held
by
them
that
knew
most
of
that
Affair
,
to
be
the
lawfull
Sons
of
Richard
Duke
of
York
,
but
said
he
This
Noble
Prince
(
meaning
the
Protectour
who
wa●
to
have
come
in
just
at
the
time
the
Words
were
uttering
)
he
is
his
Fathers
own
Picture
,
his
very
Features
and
his
Countenance
,
which
remarkably
declar'●
him
to
be
the
true
Son
of
the
great
Duke
of
York
;
ye●
the
Protector
not
coming
at
that
time
,
but
somewhat
late
,
the
Doctor
turned
back
from
the
other
Matter
he
was
upon
to
the
old
Lesson
,
repeating
the
very
words
again
,
which
rather
made
the
Audi-Laugh
,
than
give
heed
to
them
;
and
the
Doctor
afterward
grew
so
ashamed
of
his
flattery
,
that
finding
himself
every
where
reproached
,
he
not
long
after
dyed
for
Grief
.
This
way
not
succeeding
,
the
Mayor
was
ordered
to
Summon
the
Citizens
to
meet
at
Guild-Hall
,
where
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
made
several
Orations
,
to
persuade
them
to
reject
the
Line
of
King
Edward
and
own
the
Protectour
for
their
King
,
but
all
he
could
obtain
,
was
only
the
Shouts
of
some
Servants
and
Foot-boys
,
who
were
ordered
to
be
there
for
that
purpose
,
which
the
Duke
laying
hold
of
as
the
Consent
of
the
People
,
he
told
them
it
was
a
very
goodly
Cry
;
and
then
whilst
the
Citizens
stood
amazed
at
his
discourse
,
he
desired
them
to
make
their
humble
Petition
to
the
Protectour
,
that
he
would
receive
the
Crown
,
and
take
upon
him
the
Kingly
Government
;
and
accordingly
the
next
day
the
Mayor
,
Aldermen
,
and
some
of
the
Commoners
with
abundance
of
Rabble
at
their
Heels
,
accompanied
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
and
some
other
Lords
to
Bainard's
Castle
,
where
the
Protector
kept
his
Court
,
and
sending
in
their
Message
,
the
Protector
appeared
in
the
Balcony
,
as
seeming
to
fear
some
danger
of
his
person
,
if
he
give
them
nearer
access
,
feigning
an
Ignorance
of
their
coming
,
and
when
Buckingham
(
having
first
intreated
his
Graces
Pardon
,
and
a
License
to
acquaint
him
with
the
cause
of
their
coming
)
declared
it
was
to
beseech
him
to
take
the
Crown
and
Government
upon
him
;
he
looked
angry
,
and
dissembled
an
amazement
at
such
a
request
,
protesting
against
it
,
and
was
forced
,
(
if
you
will
believe
it
)
to
be
threatened
into
an
acceptance
of
what
he
had
so
passionately
sought
;
for
by
Buckingham's
declaring
,
that
none
of
Edward's
Race
should
Reign
over
them
,
and
therefore
they
had
offered
the
Crown
to
him
,
which
if
he
refused
,
they
would
give
to
another
of
a
different
Family
that
should
be
worthy
of
it
:
Hereupon
with
a
seeming
unwillingness
;
he
told
them
,
seeing
they
were
so
bent
against
the
Linage
of
his
dear
Brother
,
which
he
was
sorry
to
hear
;
rather
than
they
should
be
destitute
of
a
King
of
the
Royal
Bloud
,
in
the
house
of
the
Plantagenets
,
he
should
be
content
to
submit
to
their
desires
,
and
take
the
Government
upon
himself
.
These
words
ended
,
the
people
cryed
,
King
Richard
,
King
Richard
,
and
from
this
time
is
accounted
the
end
of
Edwards
the
Fifths
Reign
.
Thus
by
false
seeming
Friendship
,
the
poor
Prince
Betray'd
and
Murther'd
in
his
Innocence
.
Without
a
Crown
goes
down
into
the
Grave
,
Yet
so
had
rest
,
which
others
could
not
have
.
The
Reign
and
Actions
of
Richard
the
Third
,
King
of
England
,
&c.
RIchard
,
by
the
means
,
mentioned
in
the
foregoing
Reign
,
having
obtained
Possession
o●
the
Throne
,
and
laid
his
Nephews
aside
,
he
kep●
them
strict
Prisoners
in
the
Tower
,
when
calling
●
Parliament
the
Crown
,
was
confirmed
to
him
and
his
Heirs
,
and
great
preparations
were
made
fo●
the
placing
it
on
his
Head
,
but
fearing
the
Nobility
when
gather'd
in
a
body
,
might
oppose
it
;
he
sent
for
his
trusty
Friend
,
Robert
of
Risdale
,
wh●
gathering
about
5000
of
the
Northern
Rable
came
to
London
as
his
Guard
,
when
at
Westminster
the
Ceremony
was
performed
with
great
Splendour
;
Quee●
Ann
,
Daughter
to
the
great
Earl
of
Warwick
;
being
Crowned
with
him
,
who
had
been
contracted
to
Prince
Edward
,
Son
to
Henry
the
Sixth
,
and
the
more
to
ingratiate
with
the
people
,
he
discharged
the
Arch-Bishop
of
York
,
and
the
Lord
Standly
from
their
Imprisonment
,
taking
his
Seat
likewise
in
the
Court
of
King's-Bench
,
and
there
pronouncing
pardon
for
all
Offences
committed
against
him
,
and
a●
the
Intreaty
of
the
University
of
Oxford
,
John
Morton
,
Bishop
of
Ely
,
was
delivered
into
the
hands
o●
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
who
sent
him
in
close
confinement
to
his
Castle
of
Brecknock
in
Wales
,
and
then
suffered
him
to
continue
upon
his
Parole
.
King
Richard
,
by
this
time
notwithstanding
he
had
Possession
found
himself
,
but
slenderly
settled
in
the
Throne
,
whilst
the
young
Princes
his
Nephews
were
alive
,
and
therefore
to
make
sure
,
he
sent
his
Letter
by
John
Green
to
Sir
Robert
Brackenbury
Lieutenant
of
the
Tower
,
to
make
them
away
privately
;
bu●
he
detesting
so
great
a
Murther
,
refused
it
with
expressions
of
the
horrour
he
conceived
at
such
a
proposition
,
but
this
changed
not
the
Usurpers
determination
,
rather
making
him
more
earnest
,
least
the
design
should
be
discovered
before
it
was
put
in
practice
,
wherefore
being
wished
by
some
of
his
Privados
;
to
one
Sir
James
Tirrel
,
a
Man
of
desperate
Fortune
and
wicked
Principles
,
he
disclosed
the
Matter
to
him
,
and
he
promised
if
he
might
have
the
Keys
of
the
Tower
delivered
to
him
for
one
day
,
he
would
see
it
effected
;
hereupon
the
King
Wrote
to
the
Lieutenant
on
pain
of
high
displeasure
,
to
deliver
they
Keys
to
this
Person
,
and
he
not
daring
to
refuse
,
least
his
own
Life
should
go
for
it
,
unwillingly
surrendered
them
,
whereupon
Tirrel
,
when
the
young
Princes
were
in
Bed
and
a
sleep
,
sent
in
two
of
his
Hell-hounds
,
viz.
Miles
Forrest
and
John
Dighton
,
who
wraping
the
innocent
Youths
close
in
the
Bed-cloaths
,
and
clapping
a
Bolster
on
their
Fa●es
;
Forrest
being
a
heavy
squat
Fellow
,
lay
upon
them
whilst
the
other
kept
down
their
Bodys
,
and
●o
continued
to
do
for
the
space
of
an
hour
,
till
they
found
no
more
strugling
,
life
,
or
motion
in
them
,
at
what
time
Tirrel
came
in
,
and
finding
them
dead
,
caused
their
Bodys
to
be
buried
under
the
Stairs
deep
in
the
Ground
,
and
a
great
heap
of
Stones
were
laid
upon
them
.
The
business
being
done
,
the
Murtherers
redelivered
the
Keys
,
and
went
to
give
an
account
of
the
Wickedness
,
and
receive
the
Wages
of
Iniquity
;
but
the
Usurper
in
this
was
mistaken
,
for
instead
of
contributing
to
his
peace
,
it
added
exceedingly
to
his
disturbance
and
disquiet
,
for
he
never
after
en●oyed
any
content
of
mind
,
not
through
any
Remorse
,
but
through
the
terrour
of
a
guilty
Conscience
,
fearing
every
one
that
looked
wishfully
on
him
●ame
to
kill
him
,
and
in
his
sleep
he
fancied
horrible
Apparitions
of
Devils
and
Spirits
came
to
●ear
him
;
so
that
he
often
would
start
out
of
his
Bed
,
run
up
and
down
the
Chamber
,
crying
out
for
help
.
As
for
the
Instruments
of
this
Murther
,
Tirrel
was
beheaded
for
High-Treason
,
in
the
Reign
of
Henry
the
Seventh
;
Forrest
Rotted
alive
,
and
Dighton
dyed
miserably
beyon
the
Seas
:
As
for
the
Bodies
of
the
Children
,
they
were
by
Richard's
Order
taken
up
,
and
being
enclosed
in
a
Leaden
Coffin
full
of
holes
,
they
were
said
to
be
carried
to
the
black
deeps
in
the
Thames
mouth
,
and
there
thrown
in
,
out
of
a
Fancy
that
this
would
appease
the
Terrour
of
his
Dreams
.
The
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
who
had
been
mainly
Instrumental
in
raising
Richard
to
the
Throne
,
soon
after
this
Murther
fell
into
discontent
,
some
say
,
for
that
the
King
refused
him
the
Duke
of
Herefords
Lands
,
to
which
he
pretended
himself
rightfull
Heir
others
,
because
he
was
not
looked
upon
and
esteemed
at
Court
as
he
expected
,
but
he
declared
it
was
from
a
Remorse
for
the
Murther
of
the
two
Princes
,
of
which
he
could
not
but
conceit
himself
somewhat
Guilty
,
because
he
had
raised
one
to
the
Throne
that
had
caused
them
to
be
Murthered
though
he
was
ignorant
of
the
Fact
,
or
its
Contrivance
,
and
hereupon
leaving
the
Court
,
he
retired
to
his
Castle
of
Brecknock
,
and
there
conferring
with
Bishop
Morton
,
that
crafty
Clergy-man
,
to
gain
his
entire
Liberty
,
so
fed
the
Dukes
Ambition
,
who
was
naturally
of
an
aspiring
Spirit
;
that
after
having
founded
his
Inclinations
,
he
plainly
told
him
that
nothing
grived
him
so
much
,
since
there
was
so
worthy
a
person
allied
to
the
Crown
,
that
a
Tyrant
and
Murtherer
should
sit
upon
the
Throne
,
commending
the
Duke
to
be
a
person
of
such
rare
vertues
,
that
none
merrited
to
wear
the
Crown
so
much
as
himself
,
and
although
the
Duke
excused
it
,
in
telling
him
Henry
Earl
of
Richmond
had
a
right
before
him
,
he
was
prompt
enough
to
harken
to
so
pleasing
a
Subject
.
These
debates
,
that
seemed
at
first
in
jest
,
came
at
last
to
earnest
,
for
Buckingham
resolving
(
if
possible
)
to
displace
King
Richard
;
Communicated
his
designs
to
divers
of
his
trusty
Friensd
,
amongst
whom
it
was
agreed
,
that
the
Earl
of
Richmond
Heir
of
the
House
of
Lancaster
,
should
Marry
Elizabeth
,
Daughter
to
Edward
the
Fourth
,
Heiress
to
the
House
of
York
,
and
by
that
means
unite
the
two
Families
:
Whereupon
the
Mothers
of
the
Earl
and
Princess
being
made
acquainted
,
and
apropving
the
Project
,
Bishop
Morton
was
sent
with
ample
Instructions
,
to
let
the
Earl
know
what
was
agreed
upon
,
and
desire
him
with
such
Forces
as
he
could
raise
to
come
over
where
he
would
find
his
Friends
ready
to
receive
him
,
and
joyn
their
Forces
with
his
.
These
Matters
were
not
carried
so
privately
,
but
the
King
got
notice
of
them
,
and
sent
a
very
kind
Message
to
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
to
invite
him
to
Court
;
but
he
excusing
it
,
by
reason
of
pretended
Indisposition
;
an
Express
was
sent
to
command
him
to
come
,
or
he
would
fetch
him
dead
or
alive
,
by
this
he
knew
it
was
time
to
stand
upon
his
own
defence
,
and
returned
answer
that
he
would
not
come
to
his
Mortal
Enemy
,
and
thereupon
sending
for
Thomas
Marquess
of
Dorset
out
of
a
Sanctuary
,
and
gathering
such
power
as
he
could
in
the
North
,
whilst
Sir
Edward
Courtney
and
his
Brother
the
Bishop
of
Exeter
,
raised
another
in
Devonshire
and
Cornwall
,
as
likewise
did
Sir
Richard
Guilford
and
other
Gentlemen
in
Kent
,
they
resolved
to
joyn
their
Forces
;
but
before
it
could
be
effected
,
the
King
marched
directly
against
the
Duke
with
a
great
power
,
whereupon
his
little
Army
mostly
consisting
of
Welshmen
,
disbanded
,
and
left
him
to
shift
for
himself
,
so
that
he
was
forced
to
hide
him
in
a
poor
disguise
putting
himself
into
the
hands
of
one
Humphrey
Bannister
,
that
had
been
his
Servant
and
raised
by
him
to
what
Estate
he
had
,
and
with
him
he
lived
for
some
time
as
his
Gardener
;
but
the
treacherous
man
upon
the
Kings
putting
out
a
Proclamation
,
promising
a
reward
of
1000
pounds
to
those
that
could
decover
him
,
deliver'd
him
up
for
the
lucre
of
the
Money
to
the
Sheriff
of
Shrewsbury
,
who
siezed
this
Duke
diging
in
a
poor
habit
;
and
being
carried
to
the
King
at
Salisbury
,
he
there
without
Tryall
or
Process
,
was
beheaded
,
upon
which
all
the
Accomplices
dispersed
,
and
fled
many
of
them
beyond
the
Seas
;
and
to
this
Treachery
,
many
attributed
the
Judgments
that
soon
over-took
Bannister
and
his
Family
,
for
most
of
his
Children
dyed
distressed
or
unnatural
deaths
;
his
Substance
decreased
,
and
he
dyed
in
extreme
Poverty
.
The
measures
of
the
Confederacy
thus
broken
,
many
were
imprisoned
,
and
put
to
death
,
and
the
King
fearing
an
Invasion
,
caused
the
Sea
Coasts
to
be
guarded
and
fortified
,
and
then
assembled
a
Parliament
at
Westminster
,
wherein
the
Earl
of
Richmond
,
and
all
his
Adherents
that
had
fled
the
Land
,
were
attainted
,
and
proclaimed
Enemies
of
the
Country
,
their
Goods
and
Possessions
were
confiscated
;
nor
did
Richard
delay
to
use
the
same
Practices
his
Brother
had
done
,
sending
his
Agents
to
the
Duke
of
Bretaigne
,
in
whose
Court
the
Earl
resided
,
with
store
of
Gold
,
and
many
Presents
,
to
persuade
that
Duke
either
to
send
Richmond
Prisoner
into
England
,
or
if
he
refused
that
,
to
keep
him
a
Prisoner
there
,
and
missed
but
a
little
of
succeeding
;
for
the
Duke
lying
sick
,
and
Peter
Landois
,
his
Treasurer
overcome
with
the
Presents
,
had
delivered
him
into
the
hands
of
such
as
were
appointed
to
receive
him
,
had
not
the
Earl
had
notice
of
the
design
,
and
made
his
Escape
;
but
the
Duke
highly
blamed
this
Action
of
his
Treasurer
,
and
discharged
him
his
Office
.
King
Richard
knowing
whilst
his
Brother's
Daughters
were
alive
,
that
his
Title
was
but
ill
grounded
,
and
therefore
to
strengthen
it
he
proposed
(
though
Queen
Ann
his
Wife
was
living
)
to
marry
Elizabeth
his
Niece
,
by
that
means
to
cross
Richmond's
Pretensions
,
and
to
try
in
this
case
how
the
people
stood
affected
,
it
was
given
out
that
his
Queen
was
dead
,
and
soon
after
it
proved
so
,
that
virtuous
Lady
dying
,
as
many
conjectured
,
an
untimely
death
.
The
Earl
of
Richmond
having
notice
of
what
was
intended
,
by
the
Money
he
received
from
England
,
and
other
Assistence
,
gathered
what
Forces
he
could
,
and
landed
at
Milford-Haven
with
2000
Men
,
on
the
15th
of
August
,
1586.
and
from
thence
marched
to
Shrewsbury
,
being
joined
by
the
way
with
a
considerable
Force
,
under
the
Leading
of
Sir
Rice
Ap
Thomas
,
and
so
marched
to
Newport
,
where
Sir
Gilbert
Talbot
met
him
,
sent
by
the
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
with
2000
men
,
and
passing
from
thence
he
came
to
Lichfield
,
where
he
was
joyfully
received
;
but
whilst
Richmond's
Army
gathered
King
Richard
was
not
idle
;
for
raising
such
Forces
as
could
be
got
in
such
a
pressing
Condition
,
he
marched
to
oppose
his
Invader
,
and
near
Market-Bosworth
in
Leicestershire
both
Armies
met
,
and
being
encouraged
by
their
Generals
with
moving
Speeches
,
the
forward
Soldiers
rushed
on
to
the
Battel
,
and
for
some
time
it
continued
both
bloudy
and
doubtfull
;
nor
did
Fortune
in
the
first
Shock
fail
to
favour
King
Richard
;
but
the
Lord
Standley
,
who
had
been
intrusted
by
Richard
with
a
Squadron
of
Horse
,
revolting
in
the
heat
of
the
Fight
,
and
charging
upon
,
the
allmost
tired
Soldiers
,
bore
down
all
before
him
,
and
turned
the
scale
of
Victory
,
which
King
Richard
perceiving
,
and
resolving
not
to
out-●ive
the
loss
,
charged
furiously
into
Richmond's
Battallion
,
and
with
a
Courage
hightened
by
despair
,
beat
down
all
before
him
,
till
over-powered
by
number
,
and
weary
with
fighting
,
he
fell
amongst
〈◊〉
thousand
Swords
,
and
with
him
fell
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
the
Lord
Ferrers
,
Sir
Richard
Radcliff
,
Sir
Robert
Berkenburg
,
and
about
4000
others
of
lesser
●ote
,
and
Sir
William
Cateshy
,
with
two
others
of
his
●rivado's
,
being
taken
,
were
two
days
after
beheaded
for
evil
Counsel
,
and
other
Practices
,
against
the
Good
and
Wellfare
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
Thomas
Howard
,
Earl
of
Surry
,
and
Son
to
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
being
made
Prisoner
,
and
demanded
by
Henry
how
he
durst
bear
Arms
on
the
behalf
of
a
Tyrant
and
Uusurper
,
courageously
answered
,
He
was
my
Crowned
King
;
and
if
the
Parliamentary
Authority
of
England
set
the
Crown
upon
a
stock
,
I
will
fight
for
that
stock
;
and
as
I
fought
then
for
him
,
I
will
fight
for
you
,
when
you
are
established
by
the
like
Authority
.
After
this
fatal
Battel
,
wherein
the
number
of
the
slain
on
either
side
did
not
greatly
differ
,
the
Crown
that
King
Richard
brought
into
the
Field
was
found
by
the
Lord
Stanley
,
or
those
that
attended
him
,
in
an
Haw-thorn-Bush
,
and
by
that
Lord
set
upon
the
Head
of
the
Earl
of
Richmond
in
the
Field
,
at
the
sight
of
which
the
Soldiers
cryed
,
Long
live
King
Henry
.
The
Body
of
Richard
being
found
amongst
the
heaps
of
the
slain
,
was
stripped
and
spoiled
by
the
Pillagers
,
and
laid
naked
on
a
Horse
behind
St.
Leiger
,
Pursuvant
at
Arms
,
and
in
that
contemptible
manner
carried
to
Leicester
,
where
it
was
buried
in
the
Grey-Friars
Church
in
a
stone
Coffin
,
which
was
afterward
made
a
Trough
for
Horses
to
drink
in
in
a
common
Inn
,
and
thus
fell
the
greatness
of
the
Usurper
,
setting
in
bloud
,
who
had
so
often
unjustly
shed
the
bloud
of
others
.
His
Wife
was
Ann
,
Daughter
to
Richard
Nevil
,
Earl
of
Warwick
and
Salisbury
,
called
the
Make
King
of
those
times
;
by
her
he
had
Issue
Edward
Earl
o●
Salisbury
,
created
Prince
of
Wales
1463.
and
the
Crown
entailed
upon
him
by
Parliament
;
but
he
dyed
by
an
unfortunate
Fall
before
his
Father
.
This
Richard
stands
accounted
among
the
Kings
of
England
,
&c.
he
was
third
Son
to
Richard
Duke
of
York
and
began
his
Reign
the
twenty
second
day
of
June
1483.
reigning
two
years
and
two
months
,
and
wa●
the
38th
sole
Monarch
of
England
.
Many
good
Laws
were
made
in
his
time
,
and
he
built
and
endowed
several
places
to
charitable
uses
;
he
caused
William
Collingbourn
to
be
executed
as
a
Traitor
on
Tower-hill
,
for
writing
this
distich
:
The
Cat
,
the
Rat
,
and
Lovel
our
Dog
,
Rules
all
England
under
a
Hog
.
Descanting
thereby
on
the
Names
of
Catesby
,
Ratcliff
,
and
Lovell
,
three
of
his
chief
Favourites
;
and
as
to
the
Hog
,
upon
Richard
himself
,
as
having
the
White
Boar
for
his
Cognizance
.
Thus
the
Vsurper
,
who
through
Seas
of
Bloud
Had
swum
to
Empire
,
and
there
tottering
stood
,
Till
Fates
just
hand
removed
him
at
a
blow
,
He
fell
unpittied
who
'd
no
pitty
show
.
The
Life
,
Reign
,
and
Actions
of
Henry
VII
.
King
of
England
,
&c.
HEnry
Earl
of
Richmond
,
upon
the
Success
of
Bosworth
Field
,
hasted
to
London
,
and
a
Parliament
being
called
at
Westminster
,
on
the
30th
of
October
,
anno
1485.
he
was
crowned
,
and
owned
King
of
England
;
and
to
prevent
future
Stirs
or
Insurrections
,
he
imprisoned
Edward
Plantagenet
,
Earl
of
Warwick
,
Son
to
the
Duke
of
Clarence
in
the
Tower
,
and
King
Richard
was
attainted
in
Parliament
as
an
Usurper
,
and
Traitor
against
the
Government
,
and
the
Crown
entailed
upon
King
Henry
and
his
Heirs
for
ever
,
and
for
the
better
security
of
his
Person
he
appointed
a
band
of
Archers
under
a
Captain
,
in
the
nature
of
Yeomen
of
the
Guard
,
and
a
free
Pardon
was
given
to
all
that
should
submit
themselves
within
a
set
time
,
unless
such
of
Richard's
Friends
as
were
excluded
by
name
,
and
all
former
Acts
contrary
to
Henry
and
his
Friends
were
repealed
.
Anno
1496.
on
the
19th
of
January
,
the
King
married
the
Princess
Elizabeth
,
eldest
daughter
to
Edward
the
Fourth
,
and
true
Heiress
to
the
Crown
,
as
had
been
before
agreed
on
,
by
which
means
the
Houses
of
York
and
Lancaster
,
after
having
overflowed
the
Land
with
bloud
,
were
united
,
to
the
ceasing
of
future
Jars
on
that
occasion
;
however
some
that
found
themselves
out
of
Favour
,
began
to
disturb
the
Tranquillity
of
Henry
;
for
the
Lord
Lovell
,
and
Sir
Humphrey
Stafford
,
his
Brother
,
took
up
arms
,
and
drew
after
them
a
considerable
force
,
but
upon
the
approach
of
the
King's
Army
they
dispersed
,
and
Sir
Humphrey
being
taken
out
of
Sanctuary
,
whither
he
had
fled
for
shelter
,
was
carried
to
Tyburn
,
and
there
executed
:
Yet
this
was
but
light
to
what
followed
;
for
Margaret
,
Duchess
Dowager
of
Burgundy
,
Sister
to
Edward
the
Fourth
,
mortally
hating
the
Line
of
Lancaster
,
by
her
contrivance
with
some
discontented
English
,
one
Lambert
Simnell
was
set
up
for
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
who
was
then
in
the
Tower
,
and
passing
to
Ireland
with
one
Simon
,
a
Priest
,
who
had
been
his
Tutour
,
and
Manager
,
he
was
crowned
King
at
Dublin
,
and
assisted
by
the
Dowager
of
Burgundy
with
2000
men
,
under
the
Leading
of
Collonel
Swart
,
and
getting
an
Army
of
Irish
,
English
,
&
Scots
,
he
returned
,
and
proclaimed
himself
to
be
the
true
Son
of
the
Duke
of
Clarence
,
still
encreasing
his
number
;
but
at
Stoke
,
a
little
Village
near
Newark
,
the
King's
Army
opposed
them
,
and
a
bloudy
Fight
ensued
,
wherein
,
after
three
hours
hot
dispute
,
the
Impostor's
Forces
were
routed
,
and
put
to
flight
,
and
the
Earl
of
Lincoln
,
the
Lord
Lovel
,
Sir
Thomas
Broughton
,
Collonel
Swart
,
and
Maurice
Fitz-Thomas
were
slain
,
with
about
4000
Soldiers
,
and
Simnel
and
his
Tutour
being
taken
,
the
former
upon
his
Ingenious
Confession
how
the
whole
Cotrivance
had
been
imposed
on
him
,
was
made
the
King's
Falconer
,
after
he
had
drudged
a
while
in
the
Kitchin
;
but
the
latter
condemned
to
perpetual
Imprisonment
Yet
Henry
gained
not
this
Battel
but
with
considerable
loss
on
his
side
,
for
the
Strangers
knowing
their
Lives
were
at
stake
,
if
they
lost
the
day
,
fought
like
men
indespair
,
and
sold
their
Lives
very
dear
.
King
Henry
finding
those
that
opposed
him
took
generally
refuge
in
Scotland
,
sent
his
Ambassadours
to
James
the
Third
,
to
conclude
a
Peace
with
him
,
by
which
means
he
was
the
better
at
leisure
to
prosecute
his
Wars
with
France
,
in
Favour
of
his
Allies
;
but
to
this
end
raising
a
large
Subsidie
,
the
Commons
in
Yorkshire
refused
to
pay
it
,
and
took
up
Arms
,
but
upon
the
approach
of
the
Earl
of
Surry
,
and
his
taking
John
Chamber
,
their
Ring-leader
,
the
rest
dispersed
,
and
Chambers
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Ring-leaders
,
were
executed
at
York
;
and
the
King
sailed
over
into
France
,
being
furnished
with
Money
from
the
Citizens
of
London
,
but
assoon
as
he
set
down
before
Bulloign
,
the
French
King
offering
him
186250
pounds
to
retire
,
and
the
Emperour
his
Confederate
not
being
prepared
to
take
the
Field
,
the
offer
was
accepted
,
and
the
Money
paid
in
the
time
limited
;
and
he
no
sooner
returned
but
he
found
employment
at
home
;
for
the
Duchess
Dowager
of
Burgundy
,
with
other
discontented
English
,
had
set
up
a
second
Impostor
,
viz.
one
Perkin
,
or
Peterkin
Walbeck
,
who
passed
with
many
for
Richard
Duke
of
York
,
younger
Son
to
Edward
the
Fourth
;
and
although
the
King
sent
his
Agents
abroad
to
discover
how
the
Designs
were
carried
on
,
as
well
as
make
the
Impostor
known
to
those
to
whom
he
applied
himself
for
aid
,
he
received
great
countenance
in
the
Court
of
France
,
and
with
considerable
Forces
passed
into
Ireland
,
and
from
thence
to
Scotland
,
where
he
was
very
kindly
received
by
King
James
the
Fourth
,
and
setting
off
the
deceit
with
a
very
plausible
Speech
,
in
a
princely
Port
,
that
King
not
only
believed
him
to
be
the
Duke
of
York
,
but
gave
him
the
Lady
Katharine
Gourdon
,
his
Niece
,
in
marriage
;
nor
failed
he
to
aid
him
:
But
whilst
these
preparations
were
making
,
the
Lord
Fitz-walter
,
Sir
Simon
Montfort
,
and
the
Lord
Standly
,
who
at
his
coming
in
at
Bosworth
Field
had
given
King
Henry
the
Victory
,
and
with
it
the
Crown
,
were
beheaded
on
pretence
of
holding
Correspondence
with
Walbeck
,
and
the
King
proceeded
to
strengthen
the
Sea-Ports
,
and
all
places
of
Advantage
,
raising
Forces
,
and
using
much
diligence
,
that
he
might
be
able
to
weather
the
Storm
he
foresaw
breaking
in
upon
him
,
when
calling
a
Parliament
,
he
had
a
Tax
of
80000
l
granted
him
,
which
caused
the
Cornish
Men
to
rise
under
the
leading
of
one
Flammock
,
a
Lawyer
,
and
Joseph
a
Black-Smith
,
and
were
joined
at
Wells
by
the
Lord
Audley
,
and
so
marched
to
Black
Heath
in
Kent
,
where
they
were
fought
with
and
routed
by
the
King's
Forces
,
the
Lord
Audley
taken
,
and
beheaded
on
Tower-hill
,
and
the
other
two
Ring-leaders
hanged
and
quartered
;
the
Smith
comforted
himself
by
the
way
,
that
his
Name
by
this
Action
should
be
immortal
.
And
now
the
King
,
in
requital
of
the
Invasions
the
Scots
had
made
during
these
Revolutions
,
sent
the
Earl
of
Surry
to
fall
upon
their
Frontiers
with
Fire
and
Sword
,
who
prosecuted
it
so
rigorously
,
that
they
were
obliged
to
sue
for
Peace
,
which
upon
the
Mediation
of
the
King
of
Spain
was
concluded
,
and
Perkin
by
one
clause
of
it
excluded
Scotland
,
whereupon
he
went
for
Ireland
,
and
from
thence
was
invited
by
the
Cornish
Men
to
head
them
against
the
King's
Forces
in
England
,
promising
their
Aid
to
help
him
to
the
Kingdom
;
so
that
landing
at
Whitsand
Bay
in
Cornwal
,
many
thousands
resorted
to
him
;
and
being
strong
enough
,
he
besieged
Exeter
,
but
it
made
a
stout
Resistence
,
and
was
in
conclusion
relieved
by
the
Earl
of
Devonshire
;
whereupon
Perkin's
Men
perceiving
the
little
success
they
were
like
to
have
against
the
far
greater
Forces
preparing
to
encounter
them
,
dropped
away
by
degrees
,
which
he
perceiving
,
fled
privately
to
the
Abby
of
Beaulien
in
New
Forest
,
for
Sanctuary
,
but
upon
Promise
of
Life
,
and
a
Pardon
for
his
Crimes
,
he
came
forth
and
submitted
,
making
his
publick
Confession
and
Recantation
,
how
he
was
but
the
Son
of
a
converted
Jew
,
born
at
Tournay
in
Flanders
,
and
had
been
wrought
upon
to
take
this
Enterprise
upon
him
by
the
Duchess
of
Burgundy
,
and
others
,
upon
which
he
was
committed
close
Prisoner
to
the
Tower
.
Yet
some
Practices
being
still
on
foot
,
King
Henry
not
thinking
himself
secure
,
caused
him
to
be
tried
at
Westminster
for
High
Treason
,
in
attempting
to
escape
,
and
carry
with
him
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
to
raise
new
Commotions
in
the
Kingdom
,
and
being
sentenced
,
was
drawn
to
Tyburn
,
and
there
hanged
.
In
this
the
innocent
Earl
of
Warwick
was
involved
,
without
any
other
apparent
reason
than
to
cut
him
off
,
that
the
Succession
might
be
the
more
firm
to
Henry's
posterity
;
and
this
poor
Prince
who
had
been
kept
a
Prisoner
from
his
Infancy
,
and
little
kn●w
what
belonged
to
Law
,
or
Matters
of
State
,
being
by
some
who
insinuated
to
be
his
Friends
,
persuaded
to
confess
upon
his
Tryall
what
he
never
intended
or
thought
of
by
having
a
Promise
of
Pardon
upon
such
a
Confession
;
the
King
very
unkindly
took
him
at
his
word
,
and
being
condemned
for
High
Treason
,
he
was
beheaded
on
Tower-hill
,
and
in
him
failed
the
Name
of
Plantagenet
,
as
being
the
last
of
the
Male
Line
of
that
illustrious
House
.
This
cruel
execution
,
little
inferiour
to
what
Richard
the
III.
had
acted
by
his
Newphews
,
is
held
to
be
done
upon
the
account
of
the
Match
between
Prince
Arthur
,
the
King's
Son
,
and
the
Princess
Katharine
of
Spain
,
the
Spaniard
appearing
averse
to
conclude
it
till
by
the
removal
of
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
the
Succession
was
better
secured
.
Anno
1506.
Edmund
de
la
Pool
,
Earl
of
Suffolk
,
was
tried
by
the
King
's
express
Command
at
the
King's-Bench-Bar
Westminster
,
for
killing
a
man
;
and
tho
he
had
his
Pardon
,
yet
being
of
the
Royal
Bloud
,
it
so
disgusted
him
,
that
he
privately
retired
beyond
the
Seas
,
and
laboured
to
disturb
Henry's
Reign
,
by
secretly
holding
Correspondence
in
England
;
which
obliged
the
King
to
send
his
Spies
abroad
,
especially
Sir
Robert
Courson
,
who
insinuating
into
the
Earl's
Favour
,
got
out
of
him
who
were
his
Conferates
in
England
;
whereupon
Sir
James
Tirrel
,
the
wicked
Instrument
in
the
Murther
of
the
two
young
Princes
,
Edward
and
Richard
,
in
the
Tower
,
and
Sir
John
Windham
,
with
three
others
,
lost
their
Heads
on
Tower-hill
:
Nor
did
the
King
spare
any
Cost
or
Labour
to
get
the
Earl
into
his
hands
;
but
when
his
Pollicy
failed
,
Fortune
befriended
him
;
for
Philip
,
King
of
Spain
,
and
Archduke
of
Austria
,
in
whose
Countries
the
Earl
remained
,
being
at
Sea
,
was
driven
into
the
West
of
England
by
Stress
of
Weather
,
of
which
Henry
had
no
sooner
notice
,
but
he
hasted
to
receive
and
entertain
him
,
which
he
did
in
a
most
splendid
manner
,
and
with
some
difficulty
procured
his
Promise
to
send
him
over
the
Earl
a
Prisoner
,
protesting
his
Life
should
be
secured
to
him
,
and
accordingly
he
was
sent
over
and
secured
in
the
Tower
.
King
Henry
supposing
himself
now
secure
,
made
it
his
business
to
heap
up
Riches
,
and
for
that
purpose
he
had
his
Instruments
,
Empson
and
Dudly
,
who
by
grievous
unlawfull
,
and
indirect
ways
oppressed
the
People
,
for
which
they
were
justly
punished
as
a
Terrour
to
corrupt
Judges
,
which
in
the
next
Reign
appears
;
but
in
the
midst
of
this
Unrertaking
the
King
dyed
,
viz.
anno
1509.
on
the
22d
of
April
.
He
had
Issue
by
Elizabeth
his
Queen
,
eldest
Daughter
to
Edward
the
Fourth
,
Arthur
,
who
was
married
to
Katharine
of
Spain
,
and
dyed
before
his
Father
,
anno
1502.
Henry
,
Edmund
,
who
dyed
1499.
Margaret
,
married
to
James
the
Fourth
,
King
of
Scotland
,
Elizabeth
,
who
dyed
young
,
Mary
,
first
married
to
Lewis
the
Twelfth
,
King
of
France
,
and
afterward
to
Charles
Brandon
,
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
Katharine
,
who
dyed
young
.
This
Henry
was
King
of
England
and
France
,
and
Lord
of
Ireland
,
Son
to
Edmund
Tudor
,
Earl
of
Richmond
,
by
Margaret
,
Daughter
and
Heir
to
John
Beaufort
,
Duke
of
Somerset
,
Grandchild
to
John
of
Gaunt
,
Duke
of
Lancaster
.
He
began
his
Reign
in
the
Year
1485
and
reigned
twenty
three
Years
,
eight
months
,
and
was
the
39th
sole
Monarch
of
England
;
he
dyed
in
the
52d
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
was
buried
in
the
Chapel
of
his
own
Building
at
Westminster
.
Thus
after
Toils
of
State
and
War
are
o'er
,
Monarchs
lie
down
to
be
disturb'd
no
more
:
The
Grave
yields
quiet
and
Repose
from
ill
When
Fate
wound
off
the
Wheels
of
Life
stand
still
.
The
Reign
and
Actions
of
Henry
VIII
.
King
of
England
,
&c.
KIng
Henry
the
Eighth
was
in
his
Father's
Life
time
betrothed
to
Katharine
of
Spain
,
his
Brother
Arthur's
Widow
;
and
the
old
King
left
him
to
set
up
with
1800000
l
that
he
had
scraped
together
in
his
latter
days
,
the
greatest
Treasure
any
King
of
England
ever
left
before
.
This
Henry
was
crowned
at
Westminster
,
on
the
25th
of
June
,
1509.
together
with
Queen
Katharine
,
by
William
Warham
,
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
chusing
many
grave
persons
out
of
the
Clergy
and
L●i●y
.
And
now
the
people
being
enraged
against
Empson
and
Dudly
,
for
their
illegal
Oppressions
,
the
King
,
to
prevent
Tumults
that
might
have
happened
in
the
beginning
of
a
young
Prince's
Reign
if
Redress
had
been
refused
caused
them
to
be
arrested
and
imprisoned
,
and
soon
after
being
brought
to
Tryall
,
and
many
heinous
things
proved
against
them
,
together
with
the
Cries
and
Clamours
of
the
people
for
Justice
,
they
were
sentenced
to
lose
their
Heads
,
and
were
accordingly
executed
.
The
King
being
of
a
martial
Spirit
,
and
impatient
of
Ease
,
sent
his
Heralds
at
Arms
to
the
French
King
,
there
in
his
Name
,
and
as
in
right
belonging
to
the
English
Crown
,
to
demand
the
Dutchies
of
Normandy
,
Guine
,
Main
,
and
Anjou
;
but
they
being
refused
,
he
failed
into
France
with
a
considerable
Army
,
besieged
Terwin
;
and
thither
came
Maximilian
the
Emperour
,
as
a
voluntary
aider
to
the
King
,
and
served
under
the
English
Standard
as
a
Knight
of
the
Order
of
the
Garter
,
and
the
French
advancing
with
a
considerable
power
to
the
relief
of
this
place
,
were
routed
allmost
without
fighting
;
so
from
their
cowardly
running
away
,
being
most
Horse
,
it
was
called
in
derision
,
The
Battel
of
Spurs
;
yet
six
of
their
Standards
,
and
many
Prisoners
of
note
were
taken
,
and
thereupon
the
Town
yielded
,
and
the
King
marched
to
the
Siege
of
Tournay
,
which
he
won
,
and
obliged
the
Citizens
for
their
Redemption
to
pay
him
10000
l
and
about
80000
of
them
took
their
Oaths
to
become
his
Liege
Subjects
,
making
Sir
Edward
Poinings
Governour
,
and
Thomas
Wolsey
,
his
great
Favourite
,
Bishop
of
that
City
:
nor
did
this
Success
remain
to
the
English
in
France
alone
,
but
at
the
same
time
in
England
;
for
the
Scots
invading
England
with
a
powerfull
Army
,
and
having
pierced
as
far
as
Northumberland
,
the
Earl
of
Surry
gave
them
battel
,
with
a
great
overthrow
,
in
Folden
Field
,
where
James
their
King
,
one
Archbishop
,
2
Bishops
,
2
Abbats
,
12
Earls
,
17
Lords
,
a
great
number
of
Knights
and
Gentlemen
,
and
about
8000
common
Soldiers
slain
,
and
allmost
all
the
rest
taken
prisoners
.
This
memorable
Battel
was
fought
on
Septemb.
9.
1513.
King
Hen.
victorious
in
France
,
the
French
sought
all
Ways
for
an
Accommodation
,
and
at
last
,
Pope
Leo
becoming
Moderatour
,
a
Peace
was
concluded
;
and
soon
after
Lewis
XII
.
married
Mary
,
the
King
's
younger
Sister
,
at
Albeville
,
with
great
splendour
;
yet
he
lived
but
82
days
after
;
for
being
aged
,
and
infirm
,
and
over
striving
himself
to
pleasure
a
beautious
,
lively
,
young
Lady
,
it
no
doubt
contributed
to
the
hastening
his
End
;
and
upon
his
Death
the
Queen
returning
for
England
,
was
privately
married
at
Callais
to
Charles
Bradon
,
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
her
first
Lover
,
and
from
whom
she
had
unwillingly
parted
,
to
fall
into
the
Arms
of
Majesty
.
And
now
by
the
too
free
Access
of
Foreigners
Trade
greatly
decreasing
,
one
John
Lincoln
,
and
other
aggrieved
persons
,
put
up
a
Bill
of
Complaint
,
and
it
was
read
by
the
Minister
at
the
Spital
Sermon
.
This
so
animated
the
Rabble
that
getting
together
on
May
day
,
1517.
they
fell
upon
,
plundered
,
and
destroyed
the
Houses
of
the
Strangers
,
committing
many
Outrages
on
their
Persons
:
Nor
was
the
Magistracy
able
to
quell
them
;
for
being
all
in
an
uproar
,
the
Lieutenant
of
the
Tower
,
who
had
no
Good-Will
for
the
City
,
played
the
Great
Guns
upon
it
;
but
the
Rage
of
the
Multitude
spent
,
they
retired
to
their
respective
Habitations
,
yet
several
were
taken
and
tried
,
of
which
number
Lincoln
,
and
13
more
,
most
of
them
youths
,
were
hanged
in
divers
places
of
the
City
,
and
about
200
Men
and
Boys
,
and
9
Girls
and
Women
,
went
in
their
Shifts
only
,
being
bare
headed
,
footed
,
and
legged
,
and
Ropes
about
their
Necks
,
to
Westminster
,
where
at
the
upper
end
of
the
Hall
the
King
sate
,
and
after
he
had
sharply
reproved
them
,
and
they
on
their
knees
had
begged
Mercy
,
Wolsey
,
by
the
King's
command
,
pronounced
their
Pardon
,
whereat
with
a
joyfull
Cry
they
threw
up
their
Halters
,
in
token
of
deliverance
from
death
,
and
this
day
ever
since
is
called
Evil
May
day
,
and
soon
after
Tournay
was
restored
to
the
French
,
in
consideration
they
paid
the
King
600000
Crowns
in
twelve
years
,
and
the
Dauphin
to
marry
the
Lady
Mary
,
King
Henry's
Daughter
,
when
she
should
be
of
sufficient
years
of
Consent
;
but
if
the
Marriage
took
no
effect
,
then
the
City
to
be
restored
,
and
Wolsey
,
who
by
this
time
had
bought
him
a
Cardinal's
Cap
;
to
have
1000
Marks
a
year
for
the
profits
of
the
Bishoprick
;
and
Wolsey
having
power
with
the
King
to
doe
all
,
remembring
a
former
Affront
put
upon
by
Edward
Stafford
,
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
he
used
his
interest
to
the
destruction
of
that
great
Peer
,
who
was
beheaded
on
Tower-hill
,
upon
pretence
of
aspiring
to
the
Crown
.
In
the
Year
1521.
the
Emperour
Charles
V.
in
his
way
to
Spain
landed
at
.
Dover
for
Refreshment
,
and
at
the
King
's
earnest
Request
came
to
London
,
and
was
royally
entertained
with
all
the
Magnificence
and
Splendour
the
Court
abounded
with
at
that
time
;
and
King
Henry
having
written
a
Book
against
Martin
Luther
,
and
sent
it
to
the
Pope
;
he
in
recompence
to
his
Zeal
for
the
Roman
Church
,
sent
him
the
Stile
of
Defender
of
the
Faith
,
which
has
ever
since
remained
to
the
Kings
and
Queens
of
England
,
sending
him
likewise
a
Consecrated
Rose
.
The
Peace
between
England
and
France
,
by
reason
of
misunderstandings
,
growing
to
a
Conclusion
,
a
Parliament
was
assembled
at
the
King's
Palace
in
Black-Fryers
,
granting
him
half
the
yearly
Revenues
of
all
Spirituall
Livings
to
be
paid
for
five
years
,
and
the
tenth
part
of
all
Temporal
Substance
to
carry
on
his
Wars
,
so
that
not
staying
to
expect
War
,
he
sent
to
meet
it
,
commanding
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
to
pass
over
with
an
Army
,
who
taking
many
Towns
and
Castles
,
and
every
where
worsting
the
French
,
returned
Victorious
,
and
the
King
banished
the
Scots
out
of
England
,
confiscating
their
Goods
,
but
upon
the
Mediation
of
his
Sister
,
a
peace
was
concluded
for
a
time
,
yet
there
was
Martial
business
abroad
,
for
the
Irish
rebelled
,
and
siezing
upon
the
Earl
of
Kildare
,
who
bore
the
Kings
Authority
in
that
Kingdom
,
they
sent
him
bound
to
England
,
with
many
Accusations
against
him
,
for
which
he
was
committed
to
the
Tower
,
and
Wolsey
who
hated
him
,
signed
a
Warrant
for
his
Execution
,
without
the
knowledge
of
the
King
;
whereupon
the
Lieutenant
went
to
Court
,
and
the
Trick
being
made
known
to
the
King
,
Wolsey
was
severely
checked
,
and
the
Earl
had
the
King's
Sgnet
sent
him
for
his
security
.
About
this
time
,
overtures
being
made
by
the
Emperor's
Ministers
in
consideration
of
Marriage
with
the
Lady
Mary
;
the
French
having
rejected
the
Match
,
and
some
scruples
arising
about
the
Legality
of
her
Birth
,
as
being
born
on
a
Queen
that
had
been
his
Brother's
Wife
,
the
King
began
to
fall
into
a
dislike
of
his
Marriage
,
and
sent
to
Rome
to
sue
out
a
Divorce
;
but
finding
delays
in
that
Cour●
he
desired
a
Cardinal
might
be
sent
to
hear
the
Cause
,
and
accordingly
Cardinal
Campius
was
sent
whose
Mules
casting
their
Sumpters
in
Cheap-side
the
Cardinal's
Treasure
was
discovered
to
consist
o●
old
Shooes
,
broken
Meat
,
tatter'd
Breaches
and
Rags
,
which
raised
no
small
Laughter
in
the
people
.
This
Cardinal
sate
with
Wolsey
and
other
Clergy
men
;
but
when
the
King
expected
the
issue
of
the
Matter
,
instead
of
giving
the
definitive
Sentence
he
dissolved
that
Court
,
and
referred
the
Cause
to
the
Pope
,
which
so
incensed
the
King
,
that
he
Commanded
him
to
depart
the
Kingdom
,
and
sent
Dr.
Cranmer
to
Rome
,
to
justifie
the
proceedings
to
the
Pope
,
who
with
other
learned
Men
,
bringing
the
Opinions
of
almost
all
the
Universities
of
Europe
under
their
Seals
that
it
was
not
Lawfull
to
Marry
〈◊〉
Brother's
Wife
,
the
Divorce
was
made
,
yet
the
Queen
lived
in
England
till
she
dyed
,
and
King
Henry
proceeded
to
take
to
Wife
Ann
of
Bullen
,
a
very
beautifull
Lady
,
who
to
that
end
he
had
before
made
a
Dutches
,
and
honoured
with
many
favours
,
but
better
she
had
been
without
them
,
as
by
the
sequel
wi●
appear
,
Cardinal
Wolsey
,
whose
power
was
such
,
tha●
he
seemed
to
sway
both
King
and
Kingdom
,
bega●
about
this
time
to
be
lessened
in
esteem
,
and
shortly
after
,
for
not
only
disliking
,
but
striving
to
cros●
the
King's
Proceedings
in
the
Divorce
,
and
new
Marriage
,
had
first
the
great
Seal
of
England
taken
from
him
then
several
of
his
Bishopricks
,
which
he
had
ingrossed
,
which
begining
of
disgrace
,
made
him
more
liable
to
the
Revenge
of
some
Courtiers
whom
he
had
i●jured
,
and
they
soliciting
the
King
to
proceed
further
,
he
commanded
him
to
leave
the
Court
and
retire
to
York
,
but
as
he
was
on
his
way
he
was
overtaken
,
and
arrested
by
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
and
his
House
and
Furniture
siezed
:
Hi●
Charge
was
for
speaking
Arrogant
Words
against
the
King
,
which
were
interpreted
that
he
meant
to
take
revenge
for
his
disgrace
;
but
at
Leicester
Abby
,
in
his
way
to
London
,
taking
an
Italian
Confection
to
break
Wind
from
his
Stomach
,
he
dyed
not
without
suspition
of
Poisoning
himself
,
rather
than
after
so
great
a
share
of
Power
and
Grandure
as
he
had
possessed
,
to
fall
into
the
hands
of
his
Enemies
.
His
last
words
were
these
,
viz.
If
I
had
served
my
God
as
faithfully
as
I
have
served
my
King
,
he
would
not
at
this
time
cast
me
off
.
As
for
his
Birth
it
was
mean
,
being
the
Son
of
a
Butcher
at
Ipswich
,
rising
from
a
low
degree
,
by
his
Policie
,
Cuning
and
prompt
Genus
.
About
this
time
Queen
Ann
was
delivered
of
a
Daughter
,
Christened
by
the
name
of
Elizabeth
;
afterward
our
renowned
Queen
of
England
,
and
two
years
after
of
a
dead
Child
;
but
the
Popish
party
at
Court
,
perceiving
this
good
Queen
strongly
to
incline
to
the
Lutheran
Doctrine
,
and
encourage
those
of
the
Profession
,
they
found
an
opportunity
to
strike
in
with
some
displeasure
of
the
King
's
,
and
accuse
her
of
Incest
and
Adultery
with
her
Brother
,
the
Lord
Rochfort
,
which
appeared
upon
no
other
Foundation
than
his
waiting
upon
her
,
whilst
she
was
in
Bed
,
to
inquire
of
her
Health
,
and
for
joy
of
her
recovery
,
presuming
to
salute
her
;
however
she
was
beheaded
on
Tower-Hill
,
making
a
very
Pious
and
Christian-like
end
,
and
for
the
same
Fact
dyed
;
Her
Brother
in
like
manner
,
on
the
19th
.
of
May
,
1536.
and
the
next
day
the
King
gave
a
greater
light
into
this
cruel
Execution
,
by
Marrying
the
Lady
Jane
Seymour
,
Daughter
to
Sir
John
Seymour
,
which
looked
as
though
the
removing
one
from
his
Embraces
,
was
only
to
make
way
for
the
other
.
Wolsey
,
as
is
said
being
dead
,
Thomas
Cromwell
a
Black-smith's
Son
of
Putney
,
who
had
been
an
under
Favourite
of
the
Cardinals
began
to
rise
in
the
Kings
esteem
,
being
first
made
Master
of
the
Jewel-house
,
then
Barron
of
Okeham
,
then
Earl
of
Essex
,
after
that
great
Chamberlain
of
England
,
and
Vicar
General
of
the
Spiritualities
,
he
was
a
great
favourer
of
the
Reformed
Religion
,
and
strove
what
in
him
lay
to
promote
it
,
but
this
and
his
greatness
proved
his
downfall
,
by
raising
powerfull
Enemies
at
Court
against
him
,
so
that
after
he
had
done
many
great
things
for
the
King
and
Kingdom
,
he
was
Arraigned
,
Condemned
,
and
lost
his
Head
;
however
some
change
of
the
Face
of
the
Romish
Worship
,
made
the
Monks
and
Fryars
invite
the
Plebeans
to
take
up
Arms
,
under
pretence
of
redressing
Grievances
,
and
reforming
matters
of
State
,
and
were
headed
in
Lincolnshire
by
one
Mackarel
a
Monk
;
but
being
promised
by
the
King
,
their
requests
should
be
partly
answered
,
they
laid
down
their
Arms
,
but
it
was
not
long
before
another
rout
got
together
,
under
the
name
of
Pilgrims
,
carrying
in
their
Banner
the
Picture
of
Christ
with
his
five
Wounds
,
the
Chalice
Cake
,
and
other
foolish
Devices
,
declaring
for
Holy
Mother
Church
,
and
a
Reformation
in
State
.
These
assembled
in
Yorkshire
to
the
number
of
40000
Commanded
by
one
Diamond
a
Fisherman
,
who
Stiled
himself
the
Earl
of
Poverty
,
and
one
Robert
Aske
,
yet
upon
the
approach
of
the
King's
Forces
,
(
though
they
had
for
a
time
appeared
very
formidable
)
being
promised
as
the
former
,
some
Redress
of
their
Demands
,
and
a
Pardon
for
what
had
passed
,
they
dispersed
themselves
,
yet
upon
these
and
the
like
stirs
,
several
of
the
Ringleaders
were
taken
and
Executed
,
as
four
Abbots
,
two
Pryors
,
three
Monks
and
3
Priests
,
nor
did
Captain
Mackerel
escape
this
Execution
,
and
of
Temporal
Persons
dyed
the
Lord
Dacres
,
Sir
Robert
Constable
,
Sir
Francis
Bigod
,
Robert
Aske
,
and
divers
others
,
and
now
the
Churches
began
to
be
purged
of
Images
,
and
other
Trumpery
,
which
greatly
inriched
the
King's
Coffors
,
for
many
of
them
were
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
set
with
precious
Stones
,
and
those
of
Wood
were
burnt
,
nor
were
the
Monasteries
and
Religious
Houses
long
delayed
,
of
which
there
were
suppressed
Monasteries
●645
Colledges
,
90
Chanceries
,
and
Free
Chapels
,
●374
.
So
that
the
Bible
was
read
in
English
Register
Books
appointed
,
and
Weddings
and
Christen●ngs
Commenced
in
due
order
,
to
hinder
Clandestine
Iniquities
,
for
upon
their
being
demolished
,
great
numbers
of
Childrens
Sculls
and
Bones
were
found
,
which
had
been
Murther'd
,
stopt
up
in
the
Walls
and
other
places
,
to
hide
the
Infamy
of
the
Lascivious
Nuns
and
Fryars
,
&c.
But
by
this
means
the
Revenues
siezed
,
swarms
of
Monasticks
were
turned
out
to
shift
,
which
made
them
labour
to
incense
not
only
many
of
the
Commons
,
but
some
Noblemen
and
Gentlemen
,
against
the
King
,
and
the
Pope
sent
a
Bull
Excommunicating
the
King
,
but
the
Bull
bearer
being
taken
as
he
was
fixing
it
upon
the
Bishop
of
Londons
Palace
,
he
was
as
a
Traytor
conveyed
to
Tyburn
,
and
there
hanged
with
the
Bull
about
his
Neck
,
and
the
Marquess
of
Exceter
,
the
Lord
Montacute
and
Sir
Edward
Nevile
were
Executed
at
Tower-Hill
,
for
Conspiring
to
depose
Henry
,
and
place
Cardinal
Reignald
Pool
,
Grand-son
to
the
Duke
of
Clarence
in
the
Throne
.
The
Lady
Jane
Seymour
,
whom
Henry
hade
made
●his
Queen
,
dying
in
Child-bed
with
Prince
Edward
,
afterward
our
Edward
the
Sixth
,
the
King
Married
the
Lady
Ann
,
Sister
to
the
Duke
of
Cleve
,
and
she
being
sent
over
,
the
King
no
sooner
fixed
his
Eyes
on
her
,
but
he
took
dislike
a
to
her
Person
,
and
pretending
he
had
been
deceived
in
the
Report
of
her
Beauty
,
the
Beding
was
refrained
and
a
Divorce
procured
in
Parliament
,
barring
her
the
Tittle
of
Queen
,
and
he
proceeded
to
Marry
the
Lady
Catharine
Howard
,
Neice
to
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
but
she
soon
after
run
the
same
Risque
as
Ann
of
Bulloin
had
done
,
for
she
had
not
been
Married
much
above
a
year
,
before
she
was
accused
of
Fornication
and
Adultery
,
the
one
with
Francis
Derham
before
Marriage
,
and
the
other
with
Thomas
Culpeper
after
,
she
was
Queen
,
for
which
,
she
together
with
the
Lady
Jane
Rochfort
,
lost
her
head
,
on
Tower-Hill
,
the
latter
suffering
for
Concealing
the
Fact
of
the
former
,
though
the
Queen
declared
to
her
Confessor
to
the
last
she
was
innocent
;
as
for
Derham
and
Culpeper
they
were
Executed
at
Tyburn
,
nor
did
the
Countiss
of
Salisbury
,
Daughter
to
George
Duke
of
Clarence
,
and
Mother
to
Cardinal
Pool
escape
the
cruelty
of
the
King
,
for
upon
a
suspition
she
held
Correspondence
with
her
Son
,
she
was
attainted
in
Parliament
and
beheaded
upon
that
Attandure
,
and
about
the
same
time
the
Lord
Leonard
Grey
lost
his
Head
for
Treason
,
and
for
refusing
to
deny
the
Pope's
Supreamicy
,
and
acknowledge
the
King's
,
upon
a
Statute
acknowledging
the
King
Supream
Head
in
his
own
Kingdom
.
John
Fisher
,
Bishop
of
Rochester
,
and
the
famous
Sir
Thomas
Moor
,
Lord
Chancellor
of
England
,
were
beheaded
,
and
yet
by
the
contrivance
of
the
Papists
,
the
bloudy
six
Articles
were
brought
in
a
sa
Snare
to
those
of
the
Reformed
Religion
,
upon
which
account
many
suffered
the
Flames
,
and
amongst
others
Dr.
Barns
and
Mrs.
Ann
Askew
,
who
refusing
after
Tortures
to
comply
,
were
committed
to
the
devouring
Fire
,
and
the
King
Married
the
Lady
Catharine
Parr
,
who
favoured
the
Lutherans
,
and
was
of
the
Reformed
Church
,
whose
Life
the
Papists
often
put
in
danger
,
but
she
escaped
the
Snare
and
out-lived
the
King
,
who
having
invaded
both
Scotland
and
France
,
upon
the
disappointment
in
the
Match
proposed
and
agreed
on
,
between
Prince
Edward
and
the
Lady
Mary
of
Scotland
,
Heir
and
Heiress
to
the
two
Crowns
,
and
won
Bulloin
in
France
,
wasting
Scotland
wsth
Fire
and
Sword
,
and
taking
upon
him
the
Title
of
King
of
Ireland
,
he
fell
sick
in
January
1547.
and
made
his
Will
,
that
in
default
of
Issue
,
his
Son
and
two
Daughters
should
successively
possess
the
Trone
,
and
giving
great
Sums
to
charitable
Uses
,
dyed
the
28th
.
of
the
same
Month.
This
Henry
was
King
of
England
,
France
,
and
Ireland
,
second
Son
to
Henry
the
Seventh
,
he
Reigned
37
Years
9
Months
and
six
Days
,
and
was
the
forty
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
the
Issue
he
left
behind
him
,
were
Edward
,
Mary
,
and
Elizabeth
,
who
succeeded
him
in
the
Sovereignty
,
he
dyed
in
the
56th
.
year
of
his
Age
,
and
was
buried
in
the
Chapell
at
Windsor
.
Thus
the
Eighth
Henry
ends
his
bloudy
Reign
,
Beauty
it self
with
him
can't
Pitty
gain
;
Yet
met
by
Death
,
amongst
the
Dead
he
lies
,
And
with
his
Life
he
ends
his
Cruelties
.
The
Life
,
Reign
,
and
Actions
of
Edward
the
Sixth
,
King
of
England
,
&c.
PIous
Edward
the
Sixth
,
far
from
his
Fathers
temper
,
was
born
on
the
12th
.
of
Ostober
,
1537.
occasioning
by
his
Birth
the
Death
of
his
Mother
Queen
Jane
,
for
in
her
hard
labour
King
Henry
having
notice
it
was
a
Son
,
for
which
he
had
passionately
longed
,
and
that
either
the
Child
or
the
Mother
must
perish
;
he
intimated
he
could
have
more
Wives
,
but
knew
not
whether
he
should
have
another
Son
,
whereupon
the
Chirurgeons
having
dozed
the
Queen
with
strong
Spirits
,
to
make
her
senseless
of
the
pain
,
by
making
a
large
Incision
,
took
forth
the
Birth
,
but
by
that
usage
the
Queen
soon
after
dyed
This
Prince
was
Crowned
at
Westminster
,
on
the
20th
.
of
February
,
1547.
having
the
three
Swords
delivered
to
him
,
as
King
of
England
,
France
and
Ireland
,
and
upon
this
he
told
them
,
there
was
yet
another
Sword
to
be
delivered
to
him
,
viz.
The
Holy
Bible
,
which
is
the
Sword
of
the
Spirit
,
and
without
which
,
no
King
can
Govern
well
,
Edward
Seymour
,
Duke
of
Somerset
,
and
his
Mothers
Brother
was
made
Protector
over
his
Minority
,
and
hereupon
it
was
concluded
the
Scots
should
be
compelled
to
make
good
the
Marriage
,
which
otherwise
they
refused
to
do
,
wherefore
a
great
Army
was
raised
,
and
led
by
the
Lord
Protector
into
Scotland
,
and
vanquished
the
Scots
in
Muschelborough
Field
,
after
an
obstinate
and
bloudy
Fight
,
with
great
slaughter
of
their
men
,
chasing
them
about
five
miles
,
so
that
there
dyed
the
Lord
Fleming
,
with
sundry
others
of
quality
,
and
ten
thousand
of
lesser
note
,
and
one
thousand
were
taken
Prisoners
,
amongst
whom
of
note
were
the
Earl
of
Huntly
,
the
Lords
Yester
,
Hobby
and
Hamilton
,
the
Earl
of
Cassis
,
and
the
Lord
Weems
,
so
that
the
English
without
any
farther
opposition
,
sacked
and
burnt
Lieth
,
the
Island
of
St.
Colmes
,
Brougherag
,
Roxborough
,
Humes
Castle
,
and
other
places
,
which
obliged
many
of
the
Scotch
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
to
come
and
cast
themselves
at
the
Proctor's
Feet
,
beseeching
him
to
spare
their
Country
,
entering
into
terms
with
him
on
condition
of
Peace
,
whereupon
he
returned
to
England
,
and
a
Parliament
was
called
,
and
the
bloudy
six
Articles
repealed
those
Colledges
,
Chapells
and
Religious
Houses
that
King
Henry
had
spared
,
were
given
to
the
King
Edward
,
and
Commissioners
appointed
to
purge
the
Churches
of
Images
,
which
accordingly
was
done
,
but
in
the
West
,
Mr.
Body
,
one
of
the
Commissioners
was
stabbed
to
the
heart
by
a
Priest
,
and
to
justifie
the
murther
,
10000
of
the
Cornish
and
Devonshire
Rusticks
took
Arms
,
Headed
by
Humphry
Aurundell
,
&
six
other
Gentlemen
and
eight
Priests
,
who
straightly
besieged
Exceter
,
but
were
beaten
off
after
they
had
done
considerable
mischief
,
yet
they
continued
in
Arms
,
●nd
sent
the
King
sundry
Articles
to
be
aggreed
to
,
viz.
That
they
might
have
Mass
Celebrated
as
in
times
●ast
,
that
they
might
have
Holy
Bread
and
Holy
Water
in
●membrance
of
Christ's
Body
and
Bloud
,
that
the
six
Articles
might
be
again
in
force
,
with
some
others
;
to
which
,
the
young
King
pittying
their
ignorance
returned
them
an
answer
with
a
general
Pardon
,
if
they
submitted
,
but
that
not
prevailing
,
and
the
multitude
still
encreasing
,
an
Army
was
sent
against
them
,
which
put
them
to
flight
at
Honiton
,
and
beat
●hem
before
Exceter
,
and
on
Cliff-Heath
utterly
dis●omfitted
them
with
considerable
slaughter
,
and
all
the
Popish
Trumpery
which
the
Priests
had
brought
●nto
the
Field
to
encourage
them
,
were
trampled
under
Feet
,
and
Aurundel
,
Holms
,
Winsland
,
and
Bury
●our
of
their
Ring-leaders
were
taken
and
Executed
,
●nd
a
Miller's
man
near
Bodmin
taking
upon
him
,
by
●is
Masters
directions
to
personate
him
,
Sir
Anthony
Kingstone
,
Marshal
of
the
Field
,
commanded
him
to
●e
hanged
;
the
Fellow
confidently
affirming
himself
to
be
the
Rebellious
Miller
,
till
he
came
to
the
Gallows
,
yet
there
declared
he
was
but
his
man
,
yet
this
late
Confession
stood
him
in
no
stead
,
for
Sir
Anthony
caused
him
to
be
hanged
,
telling
him
he
could
never
do
his
Master
better
Service
;
but
the
troubles
ended
not
thus
,
for
the
Priests
being
unhived
and
deprived
of
their
Roast-meat
,
stir'd
up
the
people
in
other
parts
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
especially
those
in
Norfolk
,
were
Headed
by
one
Robert
Kett
a
Tanner
,
who
Stiled
himself
the
King's
Deputy
to
redress
Grievances
,
issuing
out
Writs
and
Warrants
in
the
King's
name
,
and
chusing
an
Old
Oake
to
sit
in
Council
,
called
the
Oake
of
Reformation
,
to
which
Tribunal
all
Complaints
and
Grievances
of
the
Rusticks
were
brought
to
be
redressed
,
and
Orders
were
sent
for
the
plundering
Gentlemens
Houses
,
taking
Arms
and
Amunition
out
of
Ships
,
&c.
making
themselves
Master
of
the
City
of
Norwich
,
over-throwing
the
Marques
of
Northampton
;
but
the
Lord
Dudly
Earl
of
Warwick
,
being
sent
against
them
,
forced
the
City
and
caused
Sixty
of
such
as
he
there
had
taken
i●
Arms
,
to
be
immediately
hanged
;
however
,
th●
Rebels
intrenched
and
fortified
their
Camp
at
the
foot
of
a
Hill
called
Duffin-dale
,
encouraging
themselves
upon
a
vain
Prophecy
,
that
Hob
,
Dic
,
and
Hic
,
meaning
the
Rusticks
should
with
their
Club●
fill
up
the
Valley
of
Duffin-dale
with
the
Bodys
of
the
slain
.
On
the
27th
of
August
,
the
Earl
prepared
to
give
them
Battel
,
when
the
better
to
retard
him
,
the
Rebels
set
in
the
head
of
their
Battel
,
all
the
Gentlemen
and
others
that
they
had
taken
Prisoners
coupled
in
Irons
;
however
Captain
Drury
with
hi●
Band
of
Almains
broke
in
furiously
,
and
gave
those
persons
leave
for
the
most
part
to
escape
,
and
the
Earls
light
Horse-men
coming
on
,
the
Rebels
gave
back
,
and
at
length
betook
them
to
open
flight
,
and
were
pursued
three
miles
,
with
the
slaughter
o●
3500
of
them
;
yet
such
as
had
Barrocaded
themselves
with
Carts
and
Waggons
amongst
the
Ordinance
,
as
men
in
despair
,
resolved
to
sell
their
live●
at
a
dear
rate
,
but
upon
offer
of
Pardon
they
threw
down
their
Arms
,
crying
,
God
save
King
Edward
and
the
next
day
,
Kett
being
siezed
in
a
Barn
,
was
hanged
in
Chains
upon
the
Castle
of
Norwich
,
and
his
Brother
William
Kett
,
was
hanged
on
Womanha●
Steple
,
and
Nine
others
on
the
Oake
of
Reformation
.
The
pretence
of
this
Rebellion
,
was
about
throwing
open
Inclosures
,
which
the
King
by
his
Proclamation
had
commanded
to
be
done
,
but
it
was
neglected
.
These
Commotions
were
no
sooner
over
,
but
another
Rebellion
broke
out
in
the
North
,
Headed
by
Thomas
Dale
,
a
Parish
Clark
,
one
Stephenson
a
●ost-master
,
and
William
Ombler
,
a
Yeoman
,
pretending
to
restore
Church
rights
,
and
redress
Grievances
,
declaring
the
power
of
the
Pope
above
that
of
the
Kings
,
and
that
the
Church
had
power
of
●oth
Swords
,
but
this
feeble
Rebellion
not
exceeding
●000
vanquished
upon
the
Kings
sending
his
For●es
and
offer
of
Pardon
,
yet
Ombler
,
Dale
,
and
four
others
were
on
the
12th
of
September
1549.
Execu●ed
at
York
,
as
Seducers
and
Ring-leaders
.
These
and
the
like
disturbances
qeieted
,
considerable
ones
began
at
Court
,
for
Thomas
Seymour
,
Baron
of
Sudley
,
High
Admiral
of
England
,
having
married
Queen
Catharine
Parr
,
Widow
to
Henry
the
Eighth
,
and
some
words
and
contest
happening
between
her
and
the
Dutches
of
Somerset
,
Wife
to
the
Protector
,
for
precedences
the
two
Brothers
so
unadvizedly
espoused
their
Wives
Quarel
,
which
was
fomented
by
secret
Enemies
,
that
the
Admiral
by
the
Protector
's
procurement
,
being
accused
in
Parliament
,
for
attempting
to
get
the
King's
person
and
Government
into
his
hands
,
&c.
Upon
slender
proofs
was
Sentenced
and
lost
his
Head
on
Tower-Hill
,
on
the
20th
of
March
,
to
the
great
grief
of
the
young
King
,
who
aboured
to
prevent
it
,
but
by
Somerset's
removing
this
Brother
,
he
stood
open
to
the
malice
and
revenge
of
his
implacable
Enemies
;
for
soon
after
,
by
the
contrivance
of
Northumberland
and
others
,
divers
Articles
were
exibited
against
him
for
abusing
his
Trust
,
Animating
the
Rebels
,
sowing
Sedition
amongst
the
Nobles
,
keeping
a
Court
of
Requests
in
his
own
house
,
whereupon
he
was
deprived
of
his
Authority
,
and
sent
to
the
Tower
,
but
the
King
soon
released
him
,
yet
was
he
not
restored
to
his
Trusts
.
Whilst
these
heats
lasted
at
Court
,
the
Affairs
abroad
were
neglected
,
insomuch
that
the
Scots
recovered
most
of
the
Town
the
English
had
taken
,
and
the
French
attempted
to
surprize
Bullenberg
with
seven
thousand
men
,
but
were
beaten
off
wit●
the
loss
of
one
hundred
and
fifty
,
and
had
no
better
sucsess
in
their
attempts
upon
Guernsey
and
Jersey
Islands
;
however
,
things
not
going
well
at
home
Bullenberg
and
Bulloin
were
surrendred
to
the
Frenc●
upon
Conditions
,
and
the
payment
of
a
large
Sum●
of
Mony
,
and
now
to
add
to
the
Calamity
,
th●
Mortal
Disease
,
called
the
Sweating
Sickness
,
raged
in
England
,
carrying
off
many
thousands
,
pursuing
the
English
into
Forreign
Countrys
,
where
none
but
they
were
afflicted
with
it
:
And
now
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
being
grown
great
at
Court
,
laboured
to
remove
the
Duke
of
Somerset
,
and
by
a●
Stratagem
,
found
an
opportunity
,
for
the
Duke
,
by
some
of
his
flatters
,
being
perswaded
there
was
a●
design
against
his
life
,
went
privately
Armed
to
the
Council
,
but
his
Gown
opening
as
he
sate
at
the
Board
,
it
was
laid
hold
of
,
as
a
design
in
him
to
kill
some
of
the
King
's
Privy
Counsellors
,
and
that
,
with
some
light
matters
being
urged
with
agravation
they
procured
his
imprisonment
,
and
soon
after
being
tryed
and
found
guilty
of
Felony
,
though
he
might
have
come
off
by
his
Clergy
,
yet
his
Council
nor
himself
not
foreseeing
to
claim
it
,
he
was
on
the
22d
.
of
February
,
Anno
1550
brought
to
Tower-Hill
,
and
there
,
after
having
declared
his
Innocence
,
and
made
a
most
Christian
Speech
,
he
was
beheaded
,
which
some
looked
upon
as
a
Judgment
,
for
so
rigorously
persecuting
his
Brother
.
Upon
the
Death
of
this
Uncle
,
though
Plays
and
other
Devices
were
made
to
divert
the
King
,
he
grew
Melancholly
,
and
the
people
were
greatly
Incensed
against
Northumberland
;
however
,
he
taking
the
occasion
from
the
King's
Sickness
and
Disorder
,
procured
him
to
disinherit
his
two
Sisters
,
Mary
and
Elizabeth
,
and
settle
the
Crown
on
Jane
,
Eldest
Daughter
to
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
by
the
Lady
Frances
,
Daughter
to
Charles
Brandon
,
and
Mary
,
Queen
of
France
,
younger
Sister
to
King
Henry
the
eighth
,
who
was
married
to
Guilford
Dudly
,
Fourth
Son
to
Northumberland
;
and
to
this
Will
of
the
Kings
,
the
Council
,
Bishops
,
and
all
the
Judges
,
except
Sir
John
Hollis
,
Subscribed
,
and
the
Lord
Mayor
and
Aldermen
of
the
City
of
London
,
afterward
promised
their
Assistance
and
Protection
;
but
this
was
supposed
to
hasten
the
King's
Death
:
For
Northumberland
having
gotten
what
he
expected
,
viz.
The
Crown
in
his
own
Family
,
removed
his
Physicians
●nd
trusty
Friends
,
putting
him
into
the
hands
of
a
●he
Doctress
,
who
wittingly
,
or
unskilfuly
brought
him
to
his
End
,
on
the
6th
.
of
July
,
1553.
This
good
Prince
is
accounted
a
second
Josia
,
exceeding
in
Charity
and
Piety
all
that
went
before
him
,
having
Learning
and
Understanding
far
above
his
years
,
●nd
had
he
lived
a
longer
Date
,
he
had
proved
more
perspicuously
the
Mirror
of
Kings
.
This
Edward
was
King
of
England
,
France
,
and
Ireland
,
the
only
Son
of
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
by
Jane
his
third
Wife
,
he
Reigned
six
Years
,
five
Months
,
and
eight
Days
,
and
was
the
one
and
For●ieth
,
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
dying
in
the
16th
.
of
his
Age
,
and
was
buried
at
Westminster
.
Thus
England's
Phoenix
early
left
the
Stage
His
Death
was
much
Lamented
of
the
Age
,
Yet
he
contented
dy'd
,
from
's
Throne
to
rise
,
In
Angels
Arms
to
everlasting
joys
.
The
Life
and
Bloudy
Reign
of
Queen
Mary
.
UPon
the
Death
of
King
Edward
,
according
to
his
Will
,
the
Lady
Jane
was
proclaimed
in
London
and
elsewhere
,
and
confirmed
by
the
Council
;
but
Mary
,
Eldest
Daughter
to
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
being
then
at
Fremingham
Castle
,
sent
to
complain
against
their
Proceedings
,
in
giving
away
her
right
,
commanding
them
to
acknowledge
he●
their
lawfull
Queen
,
but
they
returned
her
a
very
slight
answer
,
commanding
her
to
be
obedient
to
Queen
Jane
,
her
Sovereign
;
whereupon
,
with
such
Friends
as
she
had
about
her
,
she
prepar'd
for
London
,
and
to
her
a
great
many
of
the
Suffolk
men
repaired
,
offering
her
their
Service
,
in
case
their
Religion
might
be
asured
,
insomuch
,
that
by
that
means
,
and
the
siezure
of
several
Ships
in
the
Ports
out
of
which
she
caused
the
Cannon
and
Ammuition
to
be
taken
,
she
became
formidable
,
whereupon
an
Army
of
13000
men
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
,
marched
out
against
her
but
by
that
time
the
Duke
was
got
as
far
as
Cambridge
,
he
had
notice
that
the
Council
at
London
ha●
laid
aside
Queen
Jane
,
and
Proclaimed
Mary
Queen
whereupon
most
of
his
Forces
deserting
him
,
h●
threw
up
his
Cap
likewise
,
and
Proclaimed
he
Queen
,
but
this
excused
him
not
,
for
he
was
soon
after
Arrested
by
the
Lord
Arundel
,
and
brought
Prisoner
to
the
Tower
.
Queen
Mary
being
com●
to
London
,
and
perceiving
her self
a
little
settled
i●
the
Throne
,
by
reason
many
Noblemen
and
other
had
declared
for
her
,
and
raised
Forces
in
her
Defence
she
soon
forgot
,
or
rather
rejected
the
Promise
she
had
made
to
the
Suffolk
men
,
of
not
altering
any
thing
in
Religion
,
setting
at
liberty
the
Popish
Clergy
,
and
restoring
them
to
their
Benefices
,
Imprisoning
Bishop
Ridley
,
and
Arch-Bishop
Cranmer
making
Stephen
Gardner
the
Inveterate
Enemy
of
the
Reformed
Church
,
Lord
Chancellor
,
by
whose
persuasion
Northumberland
was
tryed
and
attainted
of
Treason
,
when
coming
on
the
Scaffold
,
deluded
by
the
Popish
Priest
in
hopes
of
Pardon
he
renounced
the
Protestant
Religion
,
for
which
he
had
before
appeared
so
zealous
,
and
openly
professed
the
Roman
Catholick
,
declaring
it
to
be
the
truly
ancient
Religion
,
but
this
meanness
of
Spirit
,
in
prostituting
his
Conscience
availed
him
little
for
they
shewd
him
a
Popish
Trick
,
cuting
his
Head
off
,
notwithstanding
his
recantation
,
with
him
dyed
,
Sir
John
Gates
and
Sir
Thomas
Palmer
,
and
soon
after
the
Queen
was
crowned
at
Westminster
by
Stephen
Gardener
,
Bishop
of
Winchester
;
and
a
Parliament
being
called
,
the
Popish
Party
so
over-ruled
the
rest
,
that
they
were
obliged
to
comply
with
them
,
after
a
long
refusal
for
the
repealing
an
Act
,
made
in
the
Reign
of
Edward
the
Sixth
,
Intituled
an
Act
of
Uniformity
of
Common
Prayer
and
Administration
of
the
Sacraments
,
so
that
the
Papists
got
again
into
the
Churches
,
and
finding
their
Power
,
they
began
to
wreck
their
revenge
on
those
that
had
any
ways
opposed
and
crossed
their
purposes
;
and
now
the
Lady
Jane
and
her
Husband
,
the
Lord
Guilford
.
being
tryed
,
and
condemned
at
Guild-Hall
as
guilty
of
Treason
,
they
were
on
the
12th
.
of
February
,
1553
beheaded
the
Lord
Guilford
on
the
Great
Tower-Hill
and
the
Lady
Jane
on
the
Green
within
the
Tower
,
both
dying
in
the
Reformed
Church
,
with
admirable
patience
and
firmness
of
mind
,
declaring
they
suffered
not
for
any
Crime
of
their
own
,
but
for
the
Crimes
of
others
,
whose
Ambition
had
driven
them
to
take
upon
them
the
Sovereignty
.
This
Innocent
Bloud
satisfied
not
the
Papists
anger
,
insomuch
that
they
persuaded
the
Queen
she
could
not
be
safe
whilst
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
lived
,
and
thereupon
getting
him
attainted
of
Treason
for
conspiring
to
raise
Rebellion
,
and
leavy
War
to
hinder
the
Queens
Marriage
with
Spain
,
&c.
he
was
on
the
23d
.
of
October
,
beheaded
,
and
his
Brother
Thomas
Grey
,
beheaded
the
23d
.
of
May
following
,
and
now
the
Queen
no
longer
desirous
to
li●
alone
;
a
Marriage
with
Spain
was
concluded
very
advantageous
to
the
Trade
of
the
English
,
ye●
many
fearing
the
Kingdom
would
be
subjected
or
at
least
over-run
by
a
Forreign
Nation
,
great
Commotions
were
rais'd
,
and
the
Kentish-men
rise
under
the
leading
of
Sir
Thomas
Wyat
,
against
whom
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
being
sent
,
instead
of
Fighting
most
of
his
men
Deserted
and
joyned
with
Wyat
whereupon
the
Duke
retired
,
and
Wyat
advanced
towards
London
,
demanding
a
disanulling
the
Match
with
Philip
of
Spain
,
and
that
for
security
,
the
Tower
and
other
places
should
be
put
into
his
hands
which
obliged
the
Queen
to
leave
the
Palace
,
and
betake
her self
to
London
,
where
many
Consult
were
held
in
the
Guild-Hall
,
and
the
Queen
in
those
Councils
,
declared
her
right
to
the
Crown
,
Magnifying
the
Advantages
that
would
Accrue
by
the
Match
with
Spain
,
and
encouraging
the
Londoners
to
stand
by
her
against
her
Rebells
;
however
,
Wyat
advancing
,
and
Treaties
proving
ineffectual
,
the
Earl
of
Pembroke
was
made
General
,
and
100
l
●
Year
Land
promised
to
him
and
his
Heirs
for
even
that
should
bring
Wyat
alive
or
Dead
;
however
h●
fortified
Southwark
,
and
attempted
with
his
great
Guns
,
and
about
5000
men
under
14
Ensigns
to
force
London-Bridge
;
but
finding
the
Draw-Bridge
cut
away
,
and
the
further
part
strongly
guarded
b●
the
Citizens
and
others
,
and
at
the
same
time
moved
by
the
Tears
and
Intreaties
of
the
Inhabitant
of
Southwark
,
many
of
whose
Houses
were
beate●
down
by
the
Tower
Guns
;
he
marched
round
by
Kingstone
upon
Thames
,
and
there
,
though
part
o●
the
Bridge
was
broken
down
and
Guarded
,
he
gai●ed
a
Pass
,
but
coming
too
late
to
London
,
by
staying
to
remount
a
great
Gun
,
he
was
furiously
charged
by
the
Earl
of
Pembroke
and
others
,
yet
he
broke
through
,
and
marched
with
one
Party
to
Ludgate
,
whilst
another
Party
assaulted
the
Court
;
but
finding
no
Enterance
,
he
retired
with
his
small
Number
,
but
was
stopped
at
Temple-bar
,
and
being
by
Clarencieux
,
King
at
Arms
,
required
to
submit
to
the
Queens
Mercy
,
he
surrendered
him
,
and
was
carried
behind
Sir
Maurice
Berkly
to
the
Court
,
and
from
thence
sent
to
the
Tower
,
and
on
the
11th
.
of
April
,
1554
,
he
was
beheaded
on
Tower-hill
,
where
he
much
bewaled
his
misfortune
,
and
cleared
the
Princess
Elizabeth
and
the
Lord
Courtney
,
by
declaring
their
Innocence
,
as
to
their
having
any
hand
in
his
undertaking
:
About
50
of
his
Followers
suffered
in
and
about
London
,
and
about
as
many
in
divers
parts
of
Kent
,
and
400
went
through
the
City
with
Halters
about
their
Necks
to
White-Hall
,
where
the
Queen
from
a
Gallery
pronounced
their
pardon
.
Queen
Mary
finding
her
Endeavours
fruitless
to
bring
over
the
Princess
Elizabeth
her
Sister
,
to
the
Popish
Superstition
,
resolved
to
use
violence
,
and
hereupon
sent
Commissioners
to
her
Mannor
of
Ashbridge
,
where
she
resided
to
bring
her
live
or
dead
to
London
,
and
accordingly
she
was
brought
Prisoner
in
a
very
sick
and
weak
condition
and
sent
from
White-Hall
to
the
Tower
,
under
pretence
of
holding
Correspondence
with
Wyat
and
others
,
where
she
was
kept
very
close
and
strict
,
and
on
the
9th
.
of
May
removed
to
Woodstock
;
where
hearing
a
Milk-Maid
sing
merrily
over
her
Pail
in
the
Park
,
she
preferred
the
mean
contented
condition
of
that
Maid
,
before
her
own
wishing
her self
in
her
State
.
The
Princess
by
the
usage
she
received
,
looking
for
no
less
than
to
be
made
away
,
adicted
her self
to
Devotion
,
when
she
was
not
under
Examination
;
for
Gardener
and
others
of
the
Popish
Crew
,
that
laboured
for
her
Death
,
spared
no
pains
to
sift
her
,
and
examined
some
persons
against
her
,
even
by
Torture
,
but
finding
nothing
Criminal
,
Gardener
to
insnare
her
in
Matters
of
Conscience
,
pressed
her
to
Declare
her
Opinion
,
about
the
corporal
presence
in
the
Sacrament
,
to
which
the
Witty
Princess
warrily
reply'd
.
Christ
was
the
Word
that
sp●ke
it
,
He
took
the
Bread
and
brake
it
,
And
what
the
Word
did
make
it
,
That
I
believe
and
take
it
.
And
although
when
she
was
in
the
Tower
,
Gardner
privately
,
and
without
the
Queens
knowledge
,
signed
a
Warrant
for
her
Execution
,
which
had
taken
effect
,
had
not
the
Lieutenant's
Scruples
prevented
it
by
going
to
the
Queen
,
and
the
Bords
of
her
Chamber
were
Fired
under
her
:
As
likewise
two
Ruffians
sent
at
another
time
to
kill
her
,
who
were
prevented
by
Beddingfield
;
her
Keepers
being
out
of
Town
,
she
at
last
escaped
the
ruine
intended
her
.
In
the
year
1554.
on
the
16th
of
April
,
a
great
Dispute
was
held
between
the
Popish
Doctors
and
Thomas
Cranmer
,
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
Nicholas
Ridly
,
Bishop
of
London
,
Hugh
Lattimer
,
Bishop
of
Durham
,
and
others
of
the
Reformed
Religion
at
Oxford
,
about
Transubstantiation
and
other
Points
,
wherein
,
when
the
Papists
found
themselves
baffled
,
they
told
the
Bishops
,
though
they
had
the
word
,
yet
they
had
the
Sword
,
and
indeed
they
used
it
with
extream
cruelty
,
for
these
good
Prelates
were
then
Imprisoned
,
and
about
a
Year
and
six
Months
after
,
were
burnt
for
the
sake
of
a
good
Conscience
in
Oxford
Town-Ditch
,
and
now
on
the
25th
of
July
,
Philip
King
of
Spain
,
arrived
with
a
great
Train
of
Nobility
,
and
the
Marriage
was
solemnized
and
they
proclaimed
by
the
Titles
of
Philip
and
Mary
,
King
and
Queen
of
England
,
France
,
Naples
,
Jerusalem
,
and
Ireland
,
Princes
of
Spain
and
Sicily
,
Arch
Dukes
,
&c.
of
Austria
Dukes
,
&c.
of
Millain
Burgundy
and
Brahant
,
Counts
,
&c.
of
Haspurg
,
Flanders
,
and
Tyrol
,
and
in
November
following
,
the
Queen
was
said
to
be
with
Child
,
and
upon
the
spreading
this
report
,
she
took
her
Chamber
,
whereupon
Midwives
,
Rockers
and
Nurses
were
provided
,
and
the
Priests
in
their
Pulpits
prayed
for
her
safe
Delivery
,
assuring
the
people
before
hand
,
it
was
a
Prince
,
and
some
where
so
vain
to
discribe
it
features
,
the
Parliament
likewise
resolved
if
the
Queen
Dyed
,
King
Philip
should
be
Protector
of
the
Realm
,
and
the
Infant
during
the
Minority
,
and
at
last
a
false
Rumour
was
given
out
,
that
the
Queen
was
actually
delivered
of
a
Prince
,
whereupon
the
English
Merchants
at
Antwerp
,
and
other
Ports
discharged
their
Guns
and
drunk
Healths
to
their
young
Master
,
but
in
conclusion
,
it
appeared
the
Queen
was
not
,
nor
never
had
been
with
Child
,
yet
it
was
conjectured
by
many
,
that
the
Papists
,
if
King
Philip
had
not
protested
against
it
,
had
shamed
a
Child
upon
the
Nation
,
and
soon
after
out
of
some
dislike
,
he
left
England
,
and
returned
no
more
,
yet
he
taking
part
with
the
Emperour
his
Father
against
the
French
,
the
Queen
sent
a
Gallant
Army
,
under
the
Leading
of
the
Earl
of
Pembroke
to
his
Aid
,
as
he
lay
at
the
Siege
of
St.
Qeintines
,
by
whose
help
the
place
was
taken
from
the
French
,
whereupon
the
Duke
of
Guis
,
with
the
greatest
part
of
the
French
Army
,
coming
about
by
swift
Marches
,
unexpectedly
laid
Siege
to
Calais
the
only
English
Town
in
France
,
and
there
being
no
Succours
sent
from
England
,
by
reason
of
contrary
Winds
,
as
if
Heaven
apparently
declared
it self
against
the
breach
of
League
,
the
besieged
few
in
number
,
after
they
had
done
all
that
men
were
capable
of
doing
in
Defence
of
the
place
,
surrendered
it
upon
advantageous
Articles
.
The
loss
of
this
place
,
and
the
unkindness
of
King
Philip
,
cast
the
Queen
into
a
deep
Melancholly
,
insomuch
,
that
she
declared
,
if
she
was
opened
when
Dead
,
they
might
find
Calais
written
on
her
Heart
,
and
the
Sweating
Sickness
coming
on
,
she
fell
desperately
,
ill
and
dyed
the
17th
.
of
November
,
1558
in
her
Reign
were
consumed
in
the
Flames
,
for
the
sake
of
a
good
Conscience
,
five
Bishops
,
twelve
Ministers
,
18
Gentlemen
,
forty
eight
Artificers
,
one
hundred
Husband-men
,
Servants
,
and
Labourers
,
twenty
six
Wives
,
twenty
Widows
,
nine
Virgins
,
and
two
Infants
,
the
one
Whipped
to
Death
by
Bonner's
Chaplain
,
for
calling
him
Ball
's
Priest
,
and
the
other
springing
out
of
his
Mothers
Womb
,
whilst
she
was
in
the
Flames
,
was
notwithstanding
cast
into
the
Fire
,
sixty
more
were
Imprisoned
,
and
grievously
persecuted
,
seven
of
them
Whipped
,
and
sixteen
perished
in
Prison
,
who
being
as
Hereticks
denyed
Christian
Burial
,
were
buried
in
Dunghills
:
The
Dutches
of
Suffolk
,
and
divers
others
were
forced
to
flie
beyond
the
Seas
,
where
they
suffered
extreme
Misery
and
hardship
;
nay
,
so
violent
were
the
Priests
,
who
altogether
swayed
the
Queens
Inclinations
,
that
they
intended
to
take
up
the
Body
of
King
Henry
her
Father
,
and
bury
it
in
a
Dunghill
,
in
revenge
of
the
injurys
he
had
done
Mother
Church
in
rooting
out
the
Monks
and
Fryars
,
but
the
Council
opposed
it
,
and
in
process
of
of
time
,
almost
all
the
Persecutors
came
to
miserable
Ends.
This
Mary
was
Queen
of
England
,
France
,
and
Ireland
,
Eldest
Duaghter
to
Henry
the
Eighth
,
by
Catharine
his
Queen
,
Daughter
to
Ferdinand
the
Seventh
,
King
of
Spain
.
She
began
her
Reign
,
on
the
6th
.
of
July
,
and
Reigned
five
Years
,
four
Months
,
and
Eleven
Days
,
dying
in
the
fortieth
Year
of
her
Age
,
without
Issue
,
and
was
buried
in
Westminster
,
being
the
42.
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
&c.
Thus
Dy'd
Romes
Darling
,
who
a
wonder
stood
,
In
Cruelty
and
Feasting
Flames
with
Bloud
,
Made
England
groan
beneath
a
Popish
Yoak
,
Yet
Death
at
last
,
the
fatal
Fetters
broke
.
The
Reign
and
Actions
of
Elizabeth
,
Queen
of
England
,
&c.
QUeen
Mary
giving
place
by
Death
,
her
Illustrious
Sister
Elizabeth
,
after
escaping
many
Eminent
Dangers
,
succeeded
her
in
the
Throne
,
the
Nobles
owning
her
their
rightfull
Queen
,
and
doing
her
Homage
;
so
that
on
the
15th
.
of
January
,
she
was
crowned
by
Dr.
Oglethorp
,
Bishop
of
Carlisle
,
and
soon
after
a
Parliament
was
called
,
in
which
the
Title
of
Supreamacy
was
taken
from
the
Pope
,
and
restored
to
the
Crown
with
the
tenths
and
first
Fruits
of
Ecclesiastical
Livings
,
as
also
the
Common
Prayers
as
used
in
the
Churches
in
the
Reign
of
Edward
the
Sixth
,
and
such
Acts
as
in
Queen
Marys
time
,
were
made
in
favour
of
the
Romanists
were
were
repealed
,
so
that
the
Face
of
Religion
was
again
restored
,
and
many
pious
men
that
had
fled
the
Land
,
returned
,
and
about
this
time
,
a
Petition
was
made
to
the
Queen
to
Marry
,
that
her
Royal
Issue
might
succeed
her
,
but
she
absolutely
refused
to
hearken
to
it
,
saying
,
That
she
held
it
sufficient
,
that
a
Marble
Stone
should
tell
to
Posterity
,
that
she
a
Quen
had
Reigned
,
lived
and
dyed
a
Virgin
.
The
Pope
by
this
time
having
Notice
that
England
was
rescued
out
of
his
Clutches
,
set
all
his
Engines
on
work
,
to
trouble
the
Reign
of
this
great
Queen
,
which
obliged
her
to
enter
into
Confederacy
with
divers
Protestant
Princes
of
Germany
,
and
upon
demanding
Calais
;
the
French
promised
to
deliver
it
to
the
English
at
the
Expiration
of
eight
years
,
or
to
pay
500000
Crowns
,
but
it
was
never
performed
,
though
sworn
to
,
and
for
the
better
Regulation
of
the
Clergy
in
England
,
Oaths
were
tendered
;
whereupon
divers
refusing
to
own
the
Queens
Supreamacy
,
were
turned
out
,
and
learned
Men
,
who
had
been
outed
in
Marys
Reign
,
put
into
their
places
,
she
likewise
called
into
her
Mint
,
Pase
,
and
Adulterated
Coin
;
and
allowing
so
much
as
the
true
value
,
she
refined
it
,
and
Coined
that
Mony
that
now
goes
Currant
in
her
Stamp
,
laying
up
Magazines
and
Stores
of
Warlik
Provision
,
and
sent
Aids
into
Franne
,
to
support
the
Protestants
in
Arms
against
the
Papist
;
but
to
divert
her
nearer
home
,
Shan
O-Neal
Rebelled
in
Ireland
,
laying
claim
to
the
Province
of
Vlster
;
but
great
preparations
being
made
against
him
,
he
came
over
,
and
submitted
,
yet
returning
to
his
old
Trade
,
he
was
at
length
slain
by
one
of
his
Companions
,
who
with
his
Head
,
compounded
for
his
own
safetie
,
&c.
and
shortly
after
great
Dissensions
happened
in
Scotland
,
where
the
Scots
Mutiniers
Murthered
their
King
,
and
the
Queen
,
the
Heiress
of
Scotland
,
and
Mother
to
King
James
the
First
,
of
England
,
flying
for
France
,
was
driven
on
the
Coast
of
England
,
and
made
a
Prisoner
by
order
of
Council
;
and
now
the
Pope
impatient
of
delay
by
his
Commissions
and
large
Promises
stirr'd
up
many
,
as
well
Nobles
as
Plebeans
to
take
Arms
,
causing
his
Bulls
to
be
dispersed
the
better
to
incense
the
people
against
the
Queen
;
however
they
were
overthrown
,
and
an
Alderman
,
a
Priest
,
and
about
66
Constables
and
others
Executed
at
Durham
and
other
places
The
Earls
of
Northumberland
and
Westmoreland
,
hereupon
fled
into
Scotland
;
but
raising
new
Commotions
,
they
were
again
routed
,
and
Northumberland
on
the
22d
.
of
August
,
1570
beheaded
at
York
,
where
to
the
last
,
he
affirmed
the
Pope's
Supreamacy
,
and
declared
the
Land
to
be
in
Schism
,
according
as
the
Pope
had
declared
in
his
Bull
,
or
Curse
,
against
the
Queen
,
which
had
been
privately
fastened
on
the
Gate
of
the
Bishop
of
London's
Palace
,
and
divers
Priests
conspiring
themselves
,
and
stirring
up
others
to
raise
Commotions
,
were
convicted
and
Executed
at
sundry
times
and
places
,
as
Story
,
Summevil
,
Parry
,
Campion
,
Throckmorton
,
Howard
,
and
others
.
Anno
1577.
the
famous
Captain
Drake
set
sail
from
Plymouth
,
and
in
3
years
wanting
12
days
compassed
the
whole
Earth
,
making
many
wonderfull
discoverys
,
his
Men
being
worshiped
by
the
Barbarous
Nations
as
Gods
,
and
at
a
place
which
he
named
Nova
Albion
,
the
King
surrendered
him
his
Crown
of
Net-work
,
and
Feathers
curiously
wrought
desiring
him
to
take
upon
him
the
Government
of
the
Country
,
which
he
did
,
to
the
behoof
of
the
Queen
,
setting
up
a
Monument
of
her
Sovereignty
in
those
parts
,
by
the
consent
of
King
and
People
;
and
much
about
the
same
time
,
Sir
Martin
Forbisher
tryed
the
North
East
Passage
,
and
named
the
furthest
Land
,
Queen
Elizabeths
Forelands
;
and
whilst
this
great
Queen
flourished
in
spite
of
Forreign
and
Clandestine
Foes
,
Francis
de
Valois
,
Duke
of
Anjou
,
and
Brother
to
the
French
King
,
made
sute
to
her
for
Marriage
,
and
mistaking
the
Freedom
she
had
taken
for
a
consent
came
over
to
Wooe
her
in
Person
;
but
after
the
Expence
of
much
Treasure
,
himself
and
his
Sute
were
rejected
,
and
he
returned
no
wiser
than
he
came
:
And
now
the
King
of
Spain
oppressing
the
States
of
the
Neitherlands
,
and
labouring
to
settle
the
Inquisition
amongst
them
the
Queen
,
upon
their
humble
supplication
sent
over
1000
Horse
,
and
5000
Foot
,
under
the
Leading
of
Sir
John
Norris
,
and
for
the
Security
of
the
Reimbursment
of
her
Charges
,
had
the
Towns
of
Brill
and
Flushing
with
two
Sconces
,
and
a
Castle
put
into
her
hands
.
Anno
1587
,
The
Priests
,
raised
new
stirs
in
England
and
Ireland
,
which
hastened
the
Death
of
Mary
,
Queen
of
Scots
,
for
that
poor
Princess
weary
of
a
tedious
Imprisonment
,
holding
some
Intelligence
with
one
Babington
and
others
,
in
orders
to
make
her
escape
,
was
betrayed
by
her
Secretary
,
and
being
Sentenced
as
one
that
had
designed
to
depose
Queen
Elizabeth
,
and
set
up
her self
,
she
was
on
the
7th
.
of
Feb.
beheaded
at
Fotheringay
Castle
,
whose
Execution
proved
afterward
no
small
cause
of
discontent
to
our
Queen
.
All
hopes
by
this
means
,
and
other
disappointments
,
being
lost
to
the
Papists
of
bringing
their
Designs
about
,
by
Clandestine
ways
,
the
Pope
stirred
up
the
King
of
Spain
to
Invade
the
Kingdom
,
giving
it
him
as
the
Patrimony
of
St.
Peter
,
and
promising
him
success
,
whereupon
he
gathered
his
huge
Armado
,
which
he
named
Invincible
,
even
whilst
there
was
a
Treaty
of
peace
on
Foot
,
yet
the
Queen
having
notice
from
Henry
the
Third
,
King
of
France
,
what
was
intended
against
her
,
prepared
by
Sea
and
Land
,
to
expect
the
Storm
,
pitching
her
Camp
at
Tillbury
in
Essex
,
consisting
of
15000
Horse
,
and
22000
Foot
,
and
for
her
own
Guard
out
of
the
several
Countys
she
drew
23520
Horsemen
and
34500
Foot-men
,
and
in
the
remarkable
year
1588
,
on
the
20th
.
of
July
,
the
Spaniards
with
their
huge
Hulks
,
which
appeared
on
the
Sea
,
like
floating
Castles
passed
by
Plymouth
towards
Calais
to
joyn
the
Duke
of
Parma
,
Governour
of
the
Neitherlands
for
the
King
of
Spain
,
but
were
dispersed
with
a
mighty
Tempest
,
yet
gathered
again
,
but
were
so
beaten
by
the
English
,
under
the
command
of
the
Lord
Howard
,
Admiral
,
Sir
Francis
Drake
and
others
,
that
of
134.
great
Ships
that
Sail
from
Lisbon
only
53
returned
into
Spain
,
so
that
there
were
missing
81
Vessels
,
13000
Soldiers
and
Sea-men
,
and
there
was
hardly
a
Noble
Family
in
Spain
but
lost
a
Brother
or
Kinsman
in
this
Expedition
,
which
had
cost
the
King
of
Spain
Ten
Millions
.
For
this
great
deliverance
the
Queen
gave
publick
Thanks
in
St.
Paul's
Church
,
and
the
Spanish
Prisoners
and
Streamers
were
brought
to
London
,
and
the
Queen
resolving
to
be
even
with
the
Spaniard
for
this
Treachery
,
sent
Sir
Francis
Drake
and
others
into
the
West-Indies
,
where
they
took
many
Spanish
Towns
and
Ships
,
with
great
store
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
and
after
that
she
assisted
Don
Antonio
,
the
expulsed
King
of
Portugal
to
recover
his
right
,
whereupon
they
burnt
Cadiz
,
and
the
Shiping
in
the
Harbour
worth
five
Millions
,
took
several
Towns
in
Portugal
,
and
marched
to
the
very
Gates
of
Lisbon
,
against
which
the
Earl
of
Essex
breaking
his
Lance
,
demanded
the
proudest
Spaniard
of
them
all
to
come
and
answer
him
.
They
likewise
sailed
to
the
Azzores
,
and
took
and
plundered
those
Islands
.
This
made
the
Papists
at
home
begin
to
stir
,
for
which
Patrick
Cullen
.
Dr.
Lopez
a
Spaniard
and
divers
others
hired
to
kill
or
poison
the
Queen
,
were
detected
and
executed
;
and
indeed
the
Plots
and
Contrivances
of
the
like
kind
against
this
Queen
,
are
recorded
to
be
very
many
;
nor
did
the
Spaniards
fail
to
send
Forces
to
the
Assistance
of
the
Irish
Rebells
,
under
Tyroen
,
but
they
were
defeated
by
the
Lord
Montjoy
,
many
of
them
killed
,
and
the
rest
obliged
to
beg
leave
to
depart
the
Kingdom
,
and
Tyroen
forsaken
of
his
Followers
,
was
sent
into
England
and
Imprisoned
in
the
Tower
.
About
this
time
,
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
who
had
been
under
disgrace
for
some
Miscarriages
,
when
he
was
Deputy
of
Ireland
,
and
confined
to
his
House
being
of
a
fiery
temper
,
and
knowing
his
Enemies
at
Court
were
contriving
his
Ruine
,
he
sent
for
●●e
Earl
of
Southampton
,
and
divers
other
Friends
as
resolving
to
force
a
Visit
and
confront
them
in
the
presence
of
the
Queen
;
but
being
strictly
forbid
it
,
he
confined
the
Counsellors
that
were
sent
to
that
purpose
under
a
guard
,
and
marched
into
London
,
but
finding
himself
opposed
,
and
that
there
were
none
very
forward
to
stand
with
him
upon
such
an
Undertaking
;
he
returned
,
and
fortified
his
House
in
the
Strand
,
but
finding
himself
to
weak
to
hold
out
,
he
surrendred
himself
,
and
was
committed
to
the
Tower
,
and
soon
after
,
he
with
the
Earl
of
Southampton
,
were
convicted
of
High-Treason
,
in
endeavouring
to
Leavy
War
against
the
Queen
,
&c.
and
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
on
the
20th
of
February
,
1600
lost
his
Head
on
the
Green
within
the
Tower
,
not
only
lamented
of
the
people
,
whose
Darling
he
was
,
but
of
the
Queen
her self
,
who
at
the
perswasion
of
his
Enemies
,
had
in
the
heat
of
her
passion
signed
the
Warrant
for
his
Death
;
divers
others
were
Executed
on
this
occasion
,
as
it
were
to
bare
so
great
a
Man
company
;
nor
did
the
Queen
enjoy
her self
after
the
fall
of
this
Favourite
,
but
hastened
her
own
Death
by
grief
,
dying
on
the
24th
.
of
March
,
1602
,
and
was
buried
in
Henry
the
Seventh's
Chapell
at
Westminster
,
when
she
had
Reigned
44
Years
,
4
Months
and
7
Days
,
and
in
the
69th
Year
of
her
Age.
This
Elizabeth
was
Queen
of
England
,
France
and
Ireland
,
Daughter
to
Henry
the
Eighth
,
by
his
Wife
Ann
Bulloin
,
in
her
Reign
happened
Earthquakes
,
Blazing
Stars
,
and
a
Mortal
Plague
,
of
which
40000
dyed
in
and
about
London
;
She
was
the
43th
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
&c.
Thus
set
the
Glory
of
her
Sex
in
Dust
,
Whose
endless
Memory
Fame
keeps
in
trust
;
When
Eating
Time
shall
Marble
Tombs
deface
,
Her
Name
shall
live
,
belov'd
in
every
place
.
The
Life
,
Reign
,
and
Actions
of
James
the
First
King
of
Great
Britain
,
&c.
THe
name
of
the
Tudors
expiring
in
Queen
Elizabeth
,
gave
way
to
that
of
the
Stuarts
,
James
the
Sixth
of
Scotland
,
great
Grand-child
to
James
the
Fourth
,
and
Margaret
his
Wife
,
Eldest
Daughter
to
Henry
the
Seventh
,
succeeding
to
the
Crown
,
by
reason
of
the
failure
of
Issue
by
the
Male
Line
,
who
upon
notice
of
the
Death
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
being
invited
by
the
Nobles
,
set
forward
from
his
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
and
entering
England
was
received
on
the
Frontires
with
great
joy
,
and
conducted
to
London
,
being
met
some
distance
by
the
Mayor
and
Aldermen
and
five
hundred
Horse
,
who
conducted
him
to
the
Charter-House
,
prepared
for
his
Reception
,
but
because
the
Plague
raged
,
the
Coronation
was
deferred
,
and
the
Popish
Party
,
who
had
earnestly
expected
the
death
of
the
Queen
,
in
hopes
a
Papist
might
succeed
,
finding
themselves
disappointed
,
laboured
to
prevent
his
establishment
in
the
Throne
,
and
several
were
detected
who
had
received
Orders
from
the
Pope
to
seize
his
Person
,
and
bring
him
to
their
own
terms
;
however
on
the
21st
.
of
July
.
1603.
The
King
,
together
with
the
Queen
his
Royal
Consort
were
crowned
at
Westminster
,
by
Dr.
Whitgift
,
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
the
Conspirators
being
tryed
at
Winchester
,
many
were
found
guilty
,
yet
only
,
Watson
and
Clark
two
Priests
,
together
with
George
Brook
suffered
death
;
the
King
pardoning
the
rest
,
mostly
at
the
place
of
Execution
;
and
then
in
a
dispute
between
the
Bishops
of
the
Church
of
England
,
and
the
Puritan
Ministers
who
pretended
to
a
farther
Reformation
,
this
wise
Prince
gave
it
for
the
first
,
and
by
learned
reasons
so
confuted
the
latter
,
that
they
were
utterly
non-plussed
,
and
after
that
,
he
caused
the
Holy
Scripture
to
be
new
Translated
from
the
Original
,
and
Anno
1604
he
made
peace
with
Spain
,
and
proceeded
to
a
Uniting
the
Kingdoms
of
England
and
Scotland
,
and
took
upon
him
the
Stile
of
King
of
Great
Britain
,
banishing
the
Jesuites
and
Seminary
Priests
,
who
began
a
fresh
to
disturb
the
Government
,
which
made
them
as
their
last
Shift
,
or
rather
cruel
revenge
,
contrived
that
hellish
Plot
,
called
the
Gunpowder-Plot
,
wherein
they
bound
themselves
by
Oaths
and
Sacraments
,
for
the
more
secretly
carrying
it
on
,
but
nothing
escapes
the
Eyes
of
the
Almighty
,
who
,
when
they
were
in
the
highest
expectation
of
success
,
turned
their
Wisedom
into
Foolishness
;
for
by
a
Letter
directed
to
the
Lord
Monteagle
,
whom
one
of
the
Conspirators
was
desirous
to
spare
the
Nest
they
had
so
long
been
making
,
was
found
,
and
in
it
thirty
six
Barrels
of
Powder
intended
to
blow
up
the
King
,
Lords
,
and
Commons
in
Parliament
;
&
this
was
discover'd
under
great
heaps
of
Billets
but
the
very
Morning
they
were
to
assemble
in
Parliament
,
and
Guy
Faux
at
the
Vault
Door
under
the
Parliament-House
,
Cloaked
,
Booted
and
Spurr'd
,
with
a
Dark-Lanthorn
,
and
Matches
ready
to
lay
the
Train
,
upon
which
the
Conspirators
were
pursued
,
and
in
the
dispute
,
John
,
and
Christopher
Wright
,
Thomas
Piercy
,
and
Robert
Catesby
were
slain
,
and
Anno
1605
,
on
the
27th
.
of
January
,
Sir
Edward
Digby
,
Thomas
Winter
,
Robert
Winter
,
Ambrose
Rookwood
,
Thomas
Bates
,
Robert
Keys
,
and
Guido
Faux
were
found
guilty
,
and
Executed
as
Traitors
,
at
the
West-end
of
St.
Pauls
,
and
in
the
Palace-Yard
.
In
memory
of
this
signal
Deliverance
,
the
fifth
of
November
,
the
Day
on
which
it
was
discovered
,
by
Authority
of
Parliament
,
was
enacted
a
perpetual
day
of
Thanksgiving
.
Henry
Garnet
and
divers
others
concerned
in
this
Plot
,
were
Executed
at
sundry
Times
,
and
Places
.
Garnet
confessing
it
,
though
a
Jesuite
,
and
warning
the
Roman
Catholicks
not
to
practice
any
Treason
against
their
Prince
;
for
God
would
certainly
discover
and
defeat
it
:
And
soon
after
there
happened
Insurrections
in
the
Shires
of
Liecester
,
Warwick
,
and
Northampton
,
about
throwing
open
Inclosures
,
Headed
at
last
by
John
Reynolds
,
but
were
dispersed
and
quieted
without
much
Trouble
;
and
the
King
to
honour
the
City
entered
himself
a
Brother
of
the
Cloath-workers
Company
,
and
by
his
Example
many
Nobles
were
made
free
of
that
and
divers
others
;
the
New
Exchange
was
finished
Anno
1609
,
and
furnished
with
Wares
,
being
called
by
the
King
,
Britain's
Burse
.
The
Priests
and
Jesuites
were
commanded
to
depart
the
Kingdom
.
The
Body
of
Mary
Queen
of
Scots
,
Mother
to
King
James
,
was
Anno
1612
removed
from
Peterborough
,
to
the
Royal
Chappel
at
Westminster
,
and
there
splendidly
Interred
,
and
the
Kingdom
remained
in
great
Tranquility
:
But
to
abate
the
Joy
,
Prince
Henry
,
the
King
's
eldest
Son
,
dyed
November
the
6th
.
of
a
Feaver
,
though
not
without
some
suspicion
of
Poyson
,
to
the
great
Grief
of
the
Kingdom
,
whose
Darling
he
was
:
And
Frederick
the
Electour
Palatine
of
the
Rhine
coming
into
England
was
married
to
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
the
King
's
eldest
Daughter
,
in
the
Royal
Chappel
at
White-Hall
,
on
the
14th
.
of
February
following
;
but
soon
after
at
the
Instance
of
the
Bohemians
taking
upon
him
the
Rule
of
that
Kingdom
he
was
routed
by
the
Emperour's
Forces
,
who
seized
likewise
the
Palatinate
;
and
the
King
gave
the
Citizens
of
London
the
Province
of
Vlster
in
Ireland
,
and
instituted
the
Order
of
Baronets
,
limiting
them
within
the
number
of
200
,
and
to
cease
with
the
failure
of
Issue
;
and
Anno
1614
,
the
New
River
was
brought
to
London
,
to
the
great
refreshment
of
the
City
,
which
was
much
stinted
for
want
of
Water
,
being
only
supplied
by
a
few
Conduits
in
the
neighbouring
Fields
;
and
this
year
a
Divorce
being
sued
out
between
Robert
Devereux
and
his
Countess
,
on
her
Pretence
of
his
Insufficiency
,
she
married
Robert
Carre
,
Earl
of
Somerset
,
and
the
King
's
great
Favourite
;
for
inveighing
against
which
Marriage
they
procured
Sir
Thomas
Overbury
first
to
be
sent
Prisoner
to
the
Tower
,
and
there
to
be
poisoned
;
for
which
Contrivance
Sir
Gervase
Elwes
,
and
Mrs.
Turner
suffered
Death
;
the
Earls
and
Countess
were
likewise
sentenced
,
but
had
by
the
King's
Mercy
Leases
of
their
Lives
granted
them
for
99
years
,
and
for
ever
banished
the
King's
Presence
.
The
Fall
of
this
Favourite
made
way
for
Mr.
George
Villiers
,
a
Gentleman
of
a
good
House
,
who
was
soon
after
created
Duke
of
Buckingham
Anno
1618.
Sir
Walter
Rawleigh
was
delivered
from
a
long
Imprisonment
in
the
Tower
,
and
sent
to
discover
a
golden
Mine
in
the
West-Indies
,
promising
it
should
be
no
ways
prejudicial
to
the
Spaniards
;
but
failing
in
that
Discovery
,
and
Sacking
the
Spanish
Town
of
St.
Thoms
,
upon
his
Return
to
England
,
at
the
continued
Importunity
of
Gondamore
,
the
Spanish
Ambassadour
,
he
was
Beheaded
,
upon
a
former
Sentence
,
and
on
the
2d
.
of
March
,
1618
,
Queen
Anne
died
,
and
was
buried
at
Westminster
,
her
Death
was
preceeded
by
an
extraordinary
Blazing-Star
.
And
now
the
King
being
desirous
to
see
Prince
Charles
Married
,
sent
him
into
Spain
,
to
render
his
Courtship
to
the
Infanta
,
but
after
a
six
Months
stay
,
being
trifled
with
,
that
Court
insisting
to
have
him
change
his
Religion
,
&c.
the
King
recalled
him
,
and
prepared
for
War
,
in
order
to
recover
the
Palatinate
,
and
set
on
Foot
a
Treaty
of
Marriage
with
France
,
but
lived
not
to
see
it
concluded
;
for
on
the
7th
.
of
March
,
Anno
1625
,
he
died
of
an
Ague
at
Theobalds
in
Scotland
,
and
was
Buried
at
Westminster
with
great
Solemnity
,
much
lamented
of
his
Subjects
,
being
a
Prince
of
extraordinary
Learning
,
Conduct
,
and
Prudence
;
his
Wife
was
Ann
,
Daughter
of
Frederick
the
Second
,
King
of
Denmark
,
by
whom
he
had
Issue
Henry
,
Charles
,
Elizabeth
,
and
two
other
Daughters
Mary
,
and
Sophia
,
who
dyed
young
.
This
King
James
was
great
Grand-Child
,
by
Father
and
Mother's
side
,
to
Margaret
,
Daughter
to
Henry
the
7th
.
of
England
:
He
began
his
Reign
over
this
Kingdom
Anno
1602
,
Reigned
22
years
,
3
days
,
and
was
the
44
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
and
first
of
Great
Britain
,
whose
antient
Name
he
restored
,
by
uniting
the
Kingdoms
:
He
died
in
the
59
year
of
his
Age.
Thus
to
Death's
Fury
the
wise
Prince
gave
way
,
And
left
this
Twilight
for
eternal
Day
,
That
,
Phenix-like
,
he
out
of
moulder'd
Dust
May
Glorious
rise
,
to
mingle
with
the
Just
.
The
Life
,
Reign
,
and
Actions
of
Charles
the
First
,
King
of
Great
Britain
,
&c.
KIng
James
giving
way
by
Death
,
Prince
Charles
,
his
only
surviving
Son
,
was
immediately
Proclaimed
and
Crowned
at
Westminster
;
soon
after
which
he
was
solemnly
Married
to
Henrietta
Maria
,
Daughter
to
Henry
the
Fourth
,
French
King
,
whom
he
had
seen
in
his
Journey
through
Paris
,
to
the
Court
of
Spain
.
The
Marriage
being
over
,
the
King
began
to
shew
his
Resentments
of
the
Affronts
he
had
received
in
the
Court
of
Spain
,
and
Anno
1625
a
Parliament
was
called
,
and
Assembled
at
Westminster
,
on
the
8th
.
of
June
,
wherein
,
after
some
strong
Debates
about
Petitions
of
Right
and
Religion
,
the
King
had
two
Subsidies
granted
him
,
and
a
Fleet
was
sent
to
Sea
,
which
spoiled
and
greatly
indamaged
the
Spanish
Coast
;
but
although
the
War
was
just
and
honourable
,
yet
upon
the
Meeting
again
of
the
Parliament
in
the
August
following
,
they
denyed
a
farther
Supply
;
whereupon
he
endeavoured
,
with
the
Advice
of
his
Lawyers
,
to
raise
Money
by
way
of
Tonage
,
but
the
Parliament
forbid
the
Payment
of
it
,
and
many
of
the
Merchants
refused
to
obey
the
King's
Mandates
;
however
the
King
making
an
Alliance
with
the
united
Provinces
,
set
out
another
Fleet
,
and
greatly
distressed
the
Spaniards
;
but
amongst
others
,
some
French
Ships
being
sunk
,
burnt
,
or
taken
,
they
seized
the
English
Effects
in
their
Ports
by
way
of
Reprisal
,
whereupon
the
French
were
commanded
to
leave
England
,
but
Monsieur
Basompire
coming
Ambassadour
,
prevailed
to
have
many
of
them
recalled
,
yet
all
Commerce
ceased
between
the
two
Kingdoms
,
and
the
French
greatly
oppressed
the
Rochellers
,
which
made
them
humbly
supplicate
King
Charles's
Assistance
,
who
sent
a
good
power
under
the
leading
of
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
;
but
the
French
being
strongly
Encamped
and
Fortified
in
Rhee
,
the
English
returned
without
effecting
any
thing
considerable
;
and
the
Parliament
again
complained
of
several
Grievances
,
whereupon
they
were
Dissolved
,
and
new
Forces
raised
for
the
Relief
of
Rochell
;
but
as
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
was
about
to
Embark
he
was
stabbed
to
the
Heart
,
by
one
John
Felton
,
an
English
Adventurer
,
at
Portsmouth
;
for
which
the
Murtherer
was
Executed
,
seeming
to
approve
off
,
and
glory
in
the
Fact
to
the
last
,
and
thus
unhappily
fell
this
Duke
that
had
been
the
Darling
Favourite
of
two
Kings
.
Anno
1630
,
the
Queen
on
the
29th
.
of
May
was
brought
to
Bed
of
a
Son
,
afterward
Christened
by
the
Name
of
Charles
,
and
since
our
Soveraign
Monarch
,
as
will
appear
in
the
next
Reign
;
at
his
Birth
a
bright
Star
appeared
in
the
day-time
,
and
on
the
14th
.
of
October
,
1633
,
the
Queen
was
delivered
of
the
Duke
of
York
:
but
the
Joy
of
these
Births
were
a
little
Eclipsed
by
the
misunderstandings
in
Scotland
,
and
the
oppositions
made
in
payment
of
Ship-Money
,
though
Ten
Judges
had
given
their
Vote
for
the
legality
of
it
;
the
Occasion
of
great
Commotions
in
Scotland
arising
about
the
Service-Book
of
Common-Prayer
,
being
sent
thither
to
be
read
in
Churches
,
as
usual
in
England
;
for
when
the
Dean
came
to
read
it
in
St.
Giles's
Church
at
Edenborough
,
he
narrowly
escaped
his
Brains
being
beaten
out
by
the
People's
throwing
Stools
,
Chairs
,
and
Cudgels
at
him
;
nor
did
the
Bishop
,
who
got
up
into
the
Pulpit
to
appease
them
,
fare
any
better
,
and
so
great
in
a
short
time
grew
the
Tumult
that
the
Magistrates
were
not
able
to
quell
it
,
which
obliged
the
King
to
raise
an
Army
;
but
upon
his
Approach
,
the
Scots
in
Arms
met
him
on
the
Lorders
,
and
submitted
,
and
a
Peace
thereupon
was
concluded
,
but
soon
after
fell
to
Covenanting
,
and
raised
new
Commotions
,
the
which
,
and
the
Misunderstandings
between
the
King
and
his
Parliament
,
gave
the
native
Irish
an
opportunity
to
Rebel
,
and
commit
a
most
horrible
Massacre
on
the
English
,
throughout
that
Kingdom
,
murthering
about
200000
,
of
all
Ages
and
Sex
,
before
any
Succours
were
sent
to
their
Relief
:
This
happened
in
the
year
1641
,
the
same
year
the
Earl
of
Strafford
was
beheaded
upon
an
Attaindure
of
Parliament
;
and
about
two
years
after
William
Laud
,
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
was
Executed
in
the
same
manner
;
and
the
King
having
passed
a
Bill
for
the
Parliament
to
sit
during
their
Pleasure
,
such
Heats
ensued
,
and
such
Tumults
withall
,
that
the
King
,
after
he
had
endeavoured
to
give
them
all
the
satisfaction
that
could
consist
with
his
Honour
and
Conscience
,
was
obliged
to
retire
to
Windsor
,
to
avoid
the
Insolencies
of
the
Multitude
,
who
threatened
him
in
his
Palace
,
and
committed
many
outrages
,
pulling
down
the
Organs
,
and
spoiling
the
Vestments
,
and
Ornaments
of
Worship
in
Westminster-Abby
;
and
during
the
King's
Absence
,
the
Parliament
having
put
the
Country
in
Arms
,
and
took
into
their
hands
most
of
the
Sea-Port
Towns
,
the
King
sent
to
grant
them
their
reasonable
Demands
;
yet
though
several
Messages
passed
,
nothing
came
to
a
conclusion
,
and
many
of
the
King's
Friends
left
the
upper
and
lower
House
,
as
dreading
the
fatal
Consequence
,
so
that
at
last
there
not
being
above
80
Members
in
the
lower
House
,
and
16
in
the
upper
:
The
Queen
left
England
,
with
her
illustrious
Daughter
the
Princess
of
Orange
,
and
the
King
with
divers
Nobles
went
to
York
,
whither
he
Summoned
the
Knights
of
the
Garter
,
and
those
that
held
of
the
Crown
to
repair
:
And
now
People
fearing
things
would
come
to
extremity
,
the
County
of
Kent
petitioned
for
an
Accommodation
,
but
their
Petition
was
rejected
,
and
the
bringer
,
and
receiver
imprisoned
by
the
Parliament
;
yet
upon
the
King's
Summons
,
about
60000
Men
of
Yorkshire
appeared
on
Howard
Moor
,
near
York
,
and
after
a
view
were
ordered
to
repair
to
their
respective
Habitations
;
but
at
this
time
the
Parliament
borowed
a
great
Summe
of
Money
of
the
Londoners
,
on
the
publick
Faith
,
and
raised
an
Army
of
10000
Foot
,
and
2000
Horse
,
making
the
Earl
of
Essex
their
General
,
and
proclaimed
War
.
The
King
being
denied
entrance
into
Hull
,
and
having
vainly
assaulted
it
,
fortified
Newark
,
and
Barwick
,
and
advancing
to
Nottingham
,
set
up
his
Standard
,
so
that
Hostilities
began
,
and
a
piteous
War
ensued
,
wherein
many
brave
Men
lost
their
Lives
,
Victory
declaring
sometimes
for
one
Party
,
and
sometimes
for
another
,
insomuch
that
the
Fields
●n
about
fifty
Battles
and
Skirmishes
were
fatted
with
Bloud
,
and
made
in
many
places
white
with
the
Bones
of
the
slain
,
no
Wounds
,
as
it
is
observed
by
Lucan
,
piercing
so
deep
as
those
of
Civil
War
;
but
the
King
being
extremely
weakened
by
a
fatal
Overthrow
at
the
Battel
of
Nas●by
,
fought
on
June
the
14th
.
1645
,
where
most
of
his
Officers
,
Soldiers
,
and
voluntire
Gentlemen
,
were
●lain
,
or
taken
Prisoners
,
his
Baggage
,
Cannon
,
Ammunition
,
or
what
not
,
seized
,
he
,
after
the
Defeat
,
for
want
of
Money
,
was
never
in
a
Condition
to
make
any
considerable
Head
,
though
some
Towns
and
Parties
stood
out
for
him
;
but
going
to
Oxford
,
and
finding
the
Storm
gather
from
all
Parts
,
distrusting
the
strength
of
the
Place
,
he
privately
withdrew
,
and
by
the
Advice
of
some
about
him
,
cast
himself
,
for
protection
,
on
the
Scotch
Army
,
then
in
England
,
whose
Commanders
promised
him
all
manner
of
safety
,
but
being
in
Arrear
,
they
for
the
Summe
of
200000
l
delivered
up
this
good
Prince
into
the
hands
of
his
merciless
Enemies
,
who
carried
him
for
a
while
from
place
to
place
,
flattering
him
with
Treaties
,
and
Commissioners
were
sent
to
him
,
demanding
Consessions
,
and
Agreements
to
Articles
,
but
when
all
good
people
were
in
hopes
of
an
Accommodation
,
and
right
understanding
,
that
the
Land
after
so
much
bloudshed
might
have
rest
,
the
Scale
suddenly
turned
,
and
a
High
Court
of
Justice
was
erected
,
of
which
Serjeant
Bradshaw
was
President
;
and
although
the
King
denied
their
Jurisdiction
,
yet
they
proceeded
to
try
him
,
viz.
for
that
he
had
caused
the
cruel
bloudshed
in
England
,
and
Ireland
,
and
born
Arms
against
the
Parliament
;
That
he
had
given
Commissions
to
his
Son
and
others
to
wage
War
,
&c.
and
although
he
answered
not
to
the
Charge
,
yet
on
the
27th
.
of
January
1648.
they
pronounced
Sentence
against
him
,
that
he
should
loose
his
Head
,
and
accordingly
on
the
30th
.
of
January
;
he
was
beheaded
on
a
Scaffold
before
White-Hall-gate
,
where
he
made
a
Speech
professing
his
Innocency
,
and
desiring
God
to
bless
these
Kingdoms
,
and
forgive
his
Enemies
.
Thus
fell
this
unfortunate
Prince
,
when
he
had
Reigned
23
years
,
10
Months
and
3
Days
,
in
the
49
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
his
Body
was
Buried
at
Windsor
:
He
was
second
Son
to
King
James
by
Anne
his
Queen
,
and
had
Issue
by
Henrietta
Maria
,
his
Queen
,
Charles
,
James
,
Henrietta
,
Mary
,
Elizabeth
,
Catharine
and
Henrietta
.
Thus
did
the
much
lamented
Monarch
fall
,
And
left
behind
the
slighted
earthly
Ball
;
Too
scanty
was
Earth's
Glory
and
Renown
For
him
that
had
in
view
a
heavenly
Crown
.
The
Reign
of
Charles
the
II.
King
of
Great
Britain
,
&c.
AT
the
Time
of
the
cruel
Execution
Charles
the
Second
was
in
Holland
,
whither
he
had
withdrawn
himself
to
prevent
the
Designs
of
his
Enemies
,
and
there
with
inexpressible
Sorrow
received
the
heavy
News
of
his
Father's
Death
,
and
although
from
the
30th
.
of
January
1648
,
his
Reign
is
dated
,
as
being
rightfull
King
of
these
Realms
,
yet
that
part
of
a
Parliament
then
sitting
,
upon
penalty
of
Treason
,
forbid
all
Persons
to
proclaim
him
,
or
be
aiding
in
his
Restauration
;
and
then
the
Commons
House
,
the
better
to
assure
it
,
Voted
the
Lords
useless
,
and
dangerous
;
however
the
Marquess
of
Ormond
,
since
Duke
of
Ormond
,
Proclaimed
the
King
in
Ireland
,
and
the
Scots
did
the
like
in
Scotland
;
however
in
England
the
King's
Arms
were
pulled
down
,
and
the
Harp
and
Cross
,
called
the
Arms
of
the
Common-wealth
,
set
up
.
The
Processes
in
Law
were
altered
and
Money
Coined
with
the
States
Arms
:
And
now
the
Lord
Fairfax
,
disliking
these
proceedings
and
having
laid
down
his
Commission
of
General
of
the
Army
,
Oliver
Cromwell
took
it
up
and
so
laboured
to
please
his
Masters
,
that
with
armed
Force
he
brought
Scotland
and
Ireland
to
a
Compliance
,
whilst
the
King
was
soliciting
the
Princes
abroad
for
Aides
to
recover
his
Right
,
when
the
more
to
disturb
that
King's
Party
in
England
,
not
onely
the
Crown
Lands
were
set
to
sail
,
but
even
the
Palaces
,
and
those
of
Bishops
,
Deans
and
Chapters
run
the
same
risk
,
and
many
worthy
persons
were
expelled
places
of
Benifice
or
Trust
,
in
Church
or
State
,
and
the
Parliament
for
their
greater
security
,
caused
many
Castles
to
be
demolished
.
The
Marquess
of
Montross
declared
for
the
King's
interest
in
Scotland
,
performing
wonders
even
with
〈◊〉
handfull
of
men
,
against
the
Arms
of
the
Countrie
,
but
in
conclusion
after
he
had
done
all
that
●ould
be
expected
from
heroick
Valour
and
Con●uct
,
his
men
being
scattered
and
he
obliged
to
●hift
was
taken
,
and
at
Edenburg
,
hanged
and
quar●ered
.
During
the
Treaty
the
Scots
had
on
Foot
with
the
King
to
bring
him
into
that
Kingdom
,
●owever
the
urgency
of
the
King's
Affairs
made
●im
dissemble
his
resentments
,
and
upon
the
Treaty
concluded
landed
at
Spey
,
and
was
conducted
〈◊〉
Edenburg
,
and
afterward
solemnly
Crowned
〈◊〉
Schon
,
viz.
January
1.
1650.
setting
up
his
Stanard
at
Abberdeen
,
and
causing
the
Forces
reduced
●nder
his
Command
to
march
against
the
English
●orces
that
had
entred
that
Kingdom
,
but
without
●mming
to
any
considerable
Encounter
,
the
King
〈◊〉
July
,
1651.
passed
the
Tweed
and
entred
England
,
●ot
onely
to
draw
the
Enemy
out
of
Scotland
,
but
〈◊〉
join
his
friends
that
had
promised
him
Succours
,
and
without
much
difficulty
,
marching
through
the
Country
to
Worcester
,
many
Gentlemen
and
others
came
in
,
to
him
,
but
being
followed
in
a
manner
,
at
the
heels
by
Cromwell
,
and
the
Militia
of
the
Counties
every
where
raised
,
and
the
Earl
of
Derby
,
whom
he
had
sent
to
raise
Forces
in
Leicestershire
,
defeated
by
Lilburn
,
he
resolved
to
fortifie
that
City
,
and
abide
the
storm
,
he
perceived
was
gathering
about
him
,
but
long
he
had
not
been
there
,
before
Lambert's
men
forced
the
pass
at
Vpton
,
and
other
places
,
insomuch
that
he
found
himself
constrained
to
hazard
a
Battel
,
and
thereupon
sallyed
with
undaunted
bravery
,
at
the
head
of
his
loyal
Forces
making
great
slaughter
,
forcing
Cromwell's
Regiment
to
give
way
and
fall
into
disorder
,
but
being
to
contend
with
about
60000
men
,
with
not
above
7
or
8000
;
after
he
had
done
all
that
could
be
expected
from
Resolution
and
Bravery
,
finding
himself
overlay'd
,
the
retreat
was
sounded
and
he
retired
in
some
disorder
into
the
City
,
and
finding
the
day
utterly
lost
,
he
passed
out
at
an
other
Gate
and
escaped
the
hands
of
those
that
sought
his
Life
God
so
ordering
it
,
that
although
1000
l
was
bi●
for
him
,
yet
he
lay
obscure
till
he
found
means
t●
pass
the
Seas
.
Upon
this
defeat
,
the
Earl
of
Derby
was
take
and
beheaded
,
the
Scots
prisoners
were
sold
and
mad●
slaves
,
and
divers
of
the
King's
Friends
,
at
sund●
times
suffered
death
and
confiscation
,
as
the
Lo●●
Capel
,
Duke
of
Hambleton
,
the
Earl
of
Holland
,
&
●
and
soon
after
Cromwell
got
himself
Proclaimed
Protectour
,
and
many
strange
things
were
Acted
,
t●●cedious
to
be
in●erted
.
But
the
blustring
Tyra●●lying
,
and
his
Son
Richard
dismounted
,
the
seat
had
mounted
in
his
stead
;
the
form
and
method
Government
continually
altering
,
and
the
Peo●
weary
of
Oppression
,
General
Monk
came
with
Forces
out
of
Scotland
,
and
after
a
short
time
de●red
for
a
free
Parliament
;
and
that
Parliament
,
to
the
great
joy
of
the
People
,
happily
restored
the
King
,
who
was
with
his
Royal
Brothers
the
Dukes
of
York
and
Glocester
,
conducted
in
great
Splendour
to
his
Pallace
of
White-Hall
,
on
the
29th
of
May
,
1660.
which
day
,
by
Act
of
Parliament
,
is
set
apart
as
an
Annual
day
of
Thanksgiving
,
and
many
of
those
that
were
of
the
High
Commission
Court
,
or
had
an
actual
hand
in
his
Fathers
Death
,
were
Tryed
,
Sentenced
and
Executed
in
divers
places
,
and
the
30th
of
January
appointed
as
an
Anniversary
,
in
memory
of
King
Charles
I.
his
death
,
and
the
Churches
were
restored
to
Episcopacy
and
the
Purity
of
Worship
,
as
also
Crown
and
Church
Lands
;
but
to
damp
this
joy
,
the
illustrious
Princess
of
Orange
coming
over
to
visit
her
Royal
Brothers
,
fell
sick
of
the
small
Pox
and
dyed
,
to
the
great
grief
of
all
Europe
:
and
on
the
13th
day
of
September
dyed
Henry
Duke
of
Glocester
.
Notwithstanding
this
happy
Restauration
,
there
remained
some
restless
people
,
for
the
January
following
,
one
Venner
,
a
Wine-Cooper
,
with
his
Fifth-Monarchy
Proselytes
,
took
Arms
and
fell
desperately
upon
the
City
of
London
killing
divers
people
,
but
being
suppressed
,
Venner
and
11
more
were
Executed
,
and
the
Bodys
of
Cromwell
,
Ireton
and
Bradshaw
,
were
taken
out
of
their
Graves
,
and
hanged
at
Tyburn
,
their
heads
cut
off
and
set
upon
Westminster-Hall
,
and
their
Bodys
buryed
under
the
Gallows
;
and
on
the
23d
of
April
,
1661.
the
King
with
great
Magnificence
passed
from
the
Tower
to
Westminster
,
and
there
was
Solemnly
Crowned
:
The
Nobles
,
etc.
doing
him
Homage
,
and
the
Parliament
gave
very
liberally
towards
the
support
of
the
Crown
,
Voting
him
a
Supply
of
Two
Millions
Five
hundred
thousand
pounds
,
to
be
raised
in
three
years
time
,
and
to
hasten
the
Naval
Preparations
,
the
City
lent
him
100000
li.
And
Anno
1664.
War
was
Proclaimed
against
the
United
Netherlands
,
and
the
following
year
a
fatal
Plague
fore-run
by
two
blazing
Stars
happened
in
most
parts
of
England
;
so
that
in
the
space
of
a
year
100000.
dyed
in
the
Citys
and
Suburbs
of
London
and
Westminster
,
and
〈◊〉
3
of
June
,
a
bloudy
Fight
happened
between
the
two
Fleets
;
in
which
many
brave
men
were
killed
on
both
sides
,
and
in
June
following
,
another
Fight
happened
which
continued
for
three
days
:
And
on
the
2d
of
September
,
a
Fire
begun
in
Pudding
lane
,
which
in
three
days
consumed
78
Parish
Churches
,
5
Consecrated
Chappels
,
18200
Houses
,
Guild-Hall
,
the
Royal
Exchange
,
and
most
of
the
Companys
Halls
:
the
total
Loss
valued
at
Nine
Millions
9
hundred
thousand
pounds
,
and
after
it
many
dreadfull
Fires
happened
,
as
in
Southwark
,
Lime-House
,
Northampton
,
&c.
But
care
was
taken
to
rebuild
these
and
other
places
,
more
Magnificent
in
Structure
,
and
after
several
bloudy
Engagements
at
Sea
,
a
Peace
,
Anno
1667.
was
a
Peace
concluded
with
the
Dutch
,
as
likewise
the
difference
with
the
Crown
of
Denmark
was
adjusted
,
soon
after
and
in
August
3.
1669.
Henrietta
Maria
,
the
King's
Mother
and
Dowager
of
England
,
dyed
at
Columbee
in
France
,
and
was
buried
at
St.
Denis
,
Anno.
1670.
the
Project
on
foot
to
make
England
and
Scotland
but
one
,
was
strongly
pressed
,
but
so
many
difficulties
arize
,
that
it
was
laid
aside
:
And
the
Princess
of
Orleance
making
the
King
a
Visit
,
upon
her
return
to
France
dyed
suddenly
:
And
the
beginning
of
the
year
1671
dyed
Her
Royal
Highness
Anne
Dutchess
of
York
and
was
buried
at
Westminster
:
and
in
March
a
Second
War
was
Proclaimed
against
the
Dutch
,
and
the
French
King
was
brought
into
the
League
;
and
in
May
there
happened
a
desperate
Engagement
and
after
that
several
others
,
which
occasione●
many
disorders
in
Holland
;
but
about
the
latter
en●
to
1673.
a
Peace
was
concluded
,
and
the
same
yea●
the
Duke
of
York
Married
the
Princess
of
Modena
,
much
against
the
mind
of
the
Parliament
:
the
King
accepted
a
Freedom
of
the
Goldsmiths
,
and
was
presented
with
his
Freedom
in
a
Box
of
Gold
and
Diamonds
,
and
soon
after
set
out
his
Proclamation
for
the
security
of
Merchants
Ships
,
from
Men
of
War
or
Privatiers
,
that
should
come
into
any
of
his
Ports
:
and
to
prevent
the
growth
of
Popery
,
published
an
Order
that
none
under
very
great
Penalties
should
hear
Mass
,
or
go
to
Popish
Chapels
,
unless
such
as
belonged
to
the
Queen
or
foreign
Embassadours
.
These
being
the
material
Treasactions
to
the
year
1678.
at
the
end
of
which
year
the
Popish
Plot
came
upon
the
stage
,
discovered
first
by
Israel
Tongue
and
Titus
Oates
,
two
Divines
,
and
afterward
by
divers
others
,
which
put
the
whole
Kingdom
in
a
flame
,
and
for
which
divers
suffered
,
as
Col●man
,
Ireland
,
Pickering
,
Grove
,
&c.
who
were
Executed
at
Tyburn
:
and
William
Viscount
Stafford
lost
his
Head
on
Tower-hill
,
and
Green
,
Berry
and
Hill
,
were
Executed
for
the
Murther
of
Sir
Edmund
Bury
Godfrey
:
And
the
following
year
a
party
of
desperate
Scots
,
Murthered
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Saint
Andrews
in
his
Coach
,
and
fell
into
Rebellion
;
but
were
dispersed
by
the
King's
Forces
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Duke
of
Monmouth
,
and
several
of
the
ring-leaders
Executed
;
but
soon
after
his
return
he
fell
into
disgrace
at
Court
,
and
went
for
Flanders
,
yet
stayed
not
long
there
e'er
he
returned
and
was
received
into
favour
:
And
now
the
Papists
began
to
struggle
to
cast
off
the
odium
the
Plot
had
cast
upon
them
,
and
laboured
to
lay
it
upon
the
Dissenters
:
Nor
was
there
some
hot-headed
people
of
that
kind
wanting
,
who
by
their
ill-timed
behaviour
towards
the
King
and
his
Ministers
,
gave
them
an
unexpected
advantage
;
so
that
the
Earl
of
Shaftsbury
and
others
,
were
Imprisoned
in
the
Tower
:
one
Stephen
Colledge
a
Joyner
,
was
Tryed
at
Oxford
,
found
guilty
of
High
Treason
and
Executed
.
And
in
the
year
1683.
Captain
Walcot
,
William
Hone
and
John
Rouse
,
were
executed
at
Tyburn
,
and
the
Lord
Russell
and
Algernoon
Sidney
,
lost
their
heads
:
And
not
long
after
Sir
Thomas
Armestrong
being
brought
from
Holland
;
and
James
Holloway
from
Nevis
,
were
sentenced
at
the
King's
Bench
Bar
,
upon
their
Outlawries
,
and
executed
at
Tyburn
:
And
two
Informations
for
Perjury
,
were
preferred
against
Titus
Oates
,
the
principal
Evidence
in
the
Plot
:
But
before
he
came
to
Tryal
the
King
dyed
,
for
falling
ill
on
Monday
the
2d
of
February
,
1684.
With
a
violent
fit
of
the
Appoplexy
,
which
at
that
time
bereaved
him
of
his
Senses
,
he
continued
in
a
languishing
Condition
till
Friday
the
6th
of
February
and
then
dyed
,
in
the
55th
year
of
his
Age
,
when
he
had
Reigned
36
years
and
seven
days
:
And
was
buried
in
King
Henry
the
Sevenths
Chappel
;
being
the
46th
Sole
Monarch
of
England
.
Thus
Charles
the
Great
,
his
Glory
laid
aside
,
A
Prince
that
Fortune
in
all
Shapes
had
try'd
:
In
War
and
Councils
equally
approv'd
,
Feard
of
his
foes
,
but
of
his
friends
belov'd
.
Remarkable
Transactions
from
the
Time
of
King
JAMES
the
II.
coming
to
the
Crown
,
till
his
Leaving
the
Kingdom
,
&c.
KING
Charles
leaving
no
Issue
,
by
Queen
Katharine
,
his
onely
Brother
succeded
him
,
and
was
Proclaimed
by
the
style
of
James
the
Second
,
King
of
England
,
&c.
at
the
Pallace
Gate
,
and
in
London
with
the
usual
Solemnity
and
Ceremony
,
Causing
the
Lords
and
others
present
(
that
were
before
)
to
be
Sworn
of
His
Majesty's
Privy
Council
,
signifying
by
Proclamation
,
it
was
his
Pleasure
that
all
who
at
the
decease
of
King
Charles
,
were
in
Office
of
Government
,
should
so
continue
till
his
pleasure
was
further
signified
.
And
upon
his
first
sitting
in
Council
he
made
a
Speech
,
in
which
amongst
other
Expressions
are
these
,
viz.
I
shall
make
it
my
endeavour
to
preserve
this
Government
,
both
in
Church
and
State
,
as
it
is
now
by
Law
Established
:
I
know
the
Principles
of
the
Church
of
England
are
for
Monarchy
,
and
the
Members
of
it
have
shewed
themselves
good
and
loyal
Subjects
:
Therefore
I
shall
always
take
care
to
Defend
and
Support
it
.
I
know
too
that
the
Laws
of
England
are
sufficient
to
make
the
King
as
a
great
a
Monarch
as
I
can
wish
,
and
as
I
shall
never
depart
from
the
Just
Rights
and
Prerogatives
of
the
Crown
,
so
I
shall
never
Invade
any
Man's
Property
.
I
have
often
heretofore
ventured
my
Life
in
Defence
of
this
Nation
,
and
I
shall
still
go
as
far
as
any
man
in
preservation
of
it
,
in
all
its
Just
Rights
and
Liberties
.
Nor
was
it
long
before
a
Proclamation
was
Issued
forth
to
give
notice
the
King
intended
to
call
a
Parliament
,
inculcating
therein
the
settlement
of
the
Revenue
for
the
support
of
the
Crown
and
Government
;
that
there
was
a
necessity
for
the
maintenance
of
the
Navy
for
the
Kingdoms
defence
,
and
the
advantage
of
Trade
,
in
order
to
which
he
desired
that
the
settlement
of
the
Customs
due
in
the
Reign
of
King
Charles
the
Second
,
might
continue
,
declaring
it
was
his
will
and
pleasure
that
the
Duties
should
be
Collected
accordingly
,
and
that
he
did
not
doubt
of
the
ready
complyance
of
his
Subjects
therein
.
This
being
given
forth
,
the
Merchants
did
not
dispute
the
payment
:
And
the
next
thing
taken
in
hand
,
was
the
preparation
for
the
funeral
of
the
deceased
King
,
all
persons
belonging
to
,
or
having
business
at
the
Court
being
commanded
,
by
an
Order
of
the
Earl
Marshal
,
to
put
themselves
into
decent
Mourning
,
and
indeed
the
loss
of
a
Prince
that
ruled
so
much
in
the
hearts
of
his
Subjects
found
a
ready
complyance
,
for
not
onely
the
Courtiers
were
in
Mourning
,
but
all
the
responsible
persons
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
his
Royal
Highness
the
Prince
of
Denmark
,
on
the
tenth
of
February
,
took
his
place
at
the
Council
Board
,
as
a
Privy
Councellour
of
this
Kingdom
.
All
things
being
prepared
for
the
Funeral
Solemnities
of
King
Charles
the
Second
,
with
decency
and
order
as
the
occasion
required
,
the
Royal
Corpse
was
on
the
14th
day
of
February
Interred
in
King
Henry
the
Sevenths
Chappel
at
Westminster
:
The
Prince
of
Denmark
,
whose
Train
was
born
up
by
the
Lord
Cornbury
,
being
chief
Mourner
;
and
a●
curious
Figure
of
Wax
,
representing
the
King
,
was
set
up
amongst
the
rest
of
the
Kings
of
England
,
his
Predecessours
;
and
an
Order
was
published
for
altering
the
Prayer
in
the
Liturgy
or
Common
Prayer
,
relating
to
the
Royal
Family
,
by
way
of
exchanging
Names
in
the
repetition
,
viz.
JAMES
for
CHARLES
,
and
further
,
viz.
our
Gracious
Queen
MARY
,
CATHERINE
the
Queen
Dowager
,
Their
Royal
Highnesses
MARY
Princess
of
Orange
,
the
Princess
ANNE
of
Denmark
and
all
the
Royal
Family
.
And
Money
being
wanting
in
the
Exchequer
,
it
was
taken
up
upon
the
Excise
by
way
of
Farming
,
and
the
Earl
of
Rochester
was
constituted
Lord
High
Treasurer
of
England
,
and
the
Marquess
of
Halifax
Lord
President
of
the
Privy
Council
,
the
Earl
of
Clarendon
Lord
Privy
Seal
,
and
the
Duke
of
Beaufort
Lord
President
of
Wales
.
These
Great
Officers
thus
put
in
Trust
,
gave
us
prospect
of
the
tranquility
of
Affairs
,
and
the
King
was
Proclaimed
in
all
the
Citys
and
Burrough
Towns
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
in
the
like
order
in
Scotland
and
Ireland
,
and
the
Earl
Marshal
issued
out
the
orders
of
Summons
,
in
order
to
the
preparation
of
the
Coronation
,
which
was
appointed
to
be
on
the
23d
of
April
,
being
Saint
George's
day
;
requiring
all
persons
,
who
in
regard
of
their
Tenures
,
Customs
and
Usage
,
are
bound
to
do
and
performe
Services
on
that
day
,
to
appear
before
the
Commissioners
and
make
out
their
Claims
and
give
their
attendance
at
the
Solemnity
;
and
a
Proclamation
was
sent
into
Scotland
,
in
order
to
the
calling
of
a
Parliament
in
that
Kingdom
,
with
a
Proclamation
of
Indemnity
to
divers
of
the
Scottish
Nation
.
Then
he
proceeded
to
put
out
a
Proclamation
to
Summons
a
Parliament
to
sit
at
Westminster
,
on
the
19th
day
of
May
,
1685.
And
accordingly
the
Citys
,
Burroughs
and
Shires
,
proceeded
to
Election
;
and
sundry
Embassadours
residing
in
England
,
or
such
as
came
by
Expresses
,
made
their
Complement
of
Condolence
and
Congratulation
;
and
the
23d
of
April
being
come
,
great
preparations
were
made
for
the
Coronation
,
the
Nobles
and
others
met
in
their
Robes
and
Formalities
,
the
Ceremony
was
performed
with
much
Magnificence
;
and
the
Parliament
,
according
to
appointment
met
;
when
the
King
,
in
his
Robes
,
went
to
the
House
,
and
being
seated
on
the
Throne
made
a
Speech
in
which
,
amongst
other
things
,
He
informed
them
that
the
Earl
of
Argyle
was
Landed
in
Scotland
,
with
the
men
he
brought
with
him
from
Holland
,
&c
and
soon
We
had
notice
that
that
Earl
had
levyed
considerable
Forces
in
Argyleshire
and
other
places
,
which
obliged
the
Militia
to
rise
in
Arms
,
and
several
Troops
were
sent
from
England
,
and
more
had
gone
had
not
the
Duke
of
Monmouth
landed
at
Lyme
in
Dorcetshire
,
with
about
fourscore
men
,
and
a
considerable
quantity
of
Arms
and
Amunition
,
declaring
his
intention
to
deliver
the
Kingdom
from
the
danger
it
was
likely
to
be
brought
into
by
the
prevailing
power
of
the
Papists
,
under
the
influence
of
a
King
who
had
professed
himself
openly
to
be
of
the
Roman
Communion
,
&c.
and
divers
of
his
Declarations
were
printed
and
scattered
abroad
,
for
printing
which
,
one
Mr.
Desney
,
a
Councellour
was
seized
and
Tryed
at
the
Marshalsea
,
upon
an
Indictment
of
High
Treason
;
and
being
by
the
Jury
found
guilty
he
was
sentenced
and
executed
;
his
head
being
afterward
placed
on
London
Bridge
.
The
Duke
of
Monmouth
encreasing
his
Forces
in
the
West
,
and
causing
himself
to
be
Proclaimed
King
;
not
onely
the
standing
Guards
,
but
a
great
number
of
New-raised
forces
were
sent
against
him
as
likewise
the
Scotch
Regiment
sent
from
Holland
,
when
after
sundry
skirmishes
,
in
which
divers
were
killed
on
both
sides
.
On
the
sixth
of
July
,
the
Duke
,
in
the
dead
of
the
night
by
a
silent
March
endeavoured
to
surprize
the
King's
Forces
encamped
on
Sedgmore
near
Bridgwater
;
commanding
the
Foot
in
person
,
and
ordering
the
Lord
Grey
with
the
Horse
,
to
take
a
compass
and
fall
in
the
Rear
,
but
the
design
being
discovered
by
an
early
Alarum
,
after
many
brisk
firings
between
the
Foot
,
and
the
Dukes
Horse
not
coming
timely
up
,
the
King's
Horse
entred
the
Ranks
,
and
in
spite
of
the
opposition
that
was
made
broke
and
disordered
them
so
,
that
about
daylight
they
fled
in
great
confusion
and
a
piteous
slaughter
ensued
,
so
that
two
thousand
are
held
to
be
slain
.
The
Duke
with
most
of
the
Commanders
escaped
the
Field
,
but
having
been
Attainted
in
Parliament
,
and
a
premium
of
5000
l
set
upon
his
head
,
he
was
upon
the
information
of
an
old
Woman
,
searched
for
in
the
Inclosures
near
Holt
Lodge
;
and
after
divers
attempts
to
escape
,
was
taken
and
by
easie
Marches
brought
to
White-Hall
,
and
by
the
Council
committed
to
the
Tower
,
and
the
third
day
after
brought
to
the
Scaffold
on
Tower-Hill
,
where
after
he
had
made
a
very
Christian-like
and
Heroick
Speech
,
he
had
his
Head
severed
from
his
Body
,
at
five
stroaks
,
so
barbarous
was
his
execution
;
the
Body
of
this
unfortunate
and
much
lamented
Nobleman
,
in
whose
Veins
flowed
by
the
Father's
side
the
Royal
Bloud
,
was
put
into
a
Hearse
in
order
to
its
Interment
;
but
this
execution
allayed
not
the
fury
of
some
persons
,
for
the
Lord
Chief
Justice
Jeffries
and
others
,
being
sent
into
the
West
,
to
try
such
as
escaped
Military
execution
,
caused
about
300
to
be
executed
in
divers
places
,
amongst
whom
the
Lady
Lile
was
beheaded
at
Winchester
,
for
harbouring
some
persons
who
had
escaped
the
Battel
,
and
soon
after
a
Woman
was
burnt
at
Tyburn
,
upon
the
like
occasion
.
During
these
proceedings
,
the
Earl
of
Argyle
was
Routed
in
Scotland
,
taken
in
a
pond
,
and
beheaded
at
Edenburg
,
Rumbold
the
Malster
was
hanged
and
quartered
,
and
his
quarters
sent
to
England
and
set
upon
the
Gates
of
London
,
Colonel
Ayloffe
and
Mr.
Nelthorp
,
were
sent
prisoners
and
executed
,
one
before
the
Temple
,
and
the
other
before
Gray's-Inn
:
And
the
Parliament
meeting
again
after
its
prorogation
the
King
told
them
that
in
consideration
of
sundry
good
Services
,
several
Roman
Catholick
Officers
had
done
him
,
he
was
willing
they
should
continue
in
their
places
,
notwithstanding
the
Parliament
was
very
earnest
to
have
them
removed
,
and
pardon
granted
them
for
what
had
passed
in
Acting
contrary
to
Law
,
as
not
being
Qualified
for
places
of
Trust
,
without
taking
the
Oaths
of
Allegiance
and
Supremacy
;
however
they
were
continued
and
the
Parliament
soon
after
Dissolved
.
An
Embassadour
was
sent
to
Rome
,
and
the
Pope's
Nuncio
came
to
England
,
being
kindly
received
by
the
King
;
and
now
it
began
to
be
rumour'd
that
Father
Petre
,
a
Jesuit
,
was
got
to
the
Helm
of
Affairs
;
and
soon
after
he
was
declared
a
Privy
Councellour
:
And
divers
persons
were
Tryed
upon
the
Account
of
what
had
been
done
in
the
Reign
of
King
Charles
the
Second
;
for
which
Alderman
Cornish
suffered
in
Cheapside
,
and
Charles
Bateman
,
a
Chirurgeon
,
at
Tyburn
:
And
the
Dissenters
were
severely
prosecuted
,
though
at
the
same
time
the
Popish
Priests
began
to
build
them
Chapels
in
Limestreet
,
Bucklers-Bury
,
St.
John's
and
Southwark
,
promising
themselves
no
less
than
the
re-establishment
of
that
Religion
,
and
some
people
were
punished
for
opposing
their
proceedings
;
the
City
Trained
Bands
being
ordered
on
Sundays
,
&c.
to
guard
those
houses
from
the
violence
of
the
Multitude
;
and
most
of
the
Judges
having
declared
a
Dispensing
Power
in
the
King
Papists
throughout
the
Nation
were
put
into
places
of
Trust
and
Offices
,
without
taking
the
Oaths
.
Especially
after
the
Tryal
of
the
Case
of
Sir
Edward
Hale●
,
at
the
Court
of
King's-Bench
,
where
the
Verdict
went
for
him
,
&c
but
the
Members
of
the
Church
o●
England
seeming
not
well
pleased
,
there
followed
an
unexpected
closing
with
the
Dissenters
;
and
a
Declaration
was
published
for
Toleration
or
Liberty
of
Conscience
,
and
a
promise
to
Establish
it
by
Law
.
The
Church
of
England-men
we
almost
every
where
displaced
,
and
Papists
and
Dissenters
placed
in
their
stead
;
most
of
the
Fellows
of
Magdalen
College
in
Oxford
turned
out
,
and
a
President
imposed
on
it
.
A
High
Commission
Court
was
●erected
to
censure
the
Clergy
;
the
Bishop
of
London
was
suspended
,
and
most
of
the
Corporations
had
their
Charters
taken
into
the
King's
hands
,
some
of
them
being
shortly
after
restored
,
with
alterations
.
The
standing
Forces
were
increased
,
Campaigns
were
held
on
Hounslow
Heath
,
to
exercise
the
Souldiers
;
and
the
King
designing
to
call
a
Parliament
,
the
people
were
questioned
in
many
parts
of
the
Kingdom
,
whether
they
would
themselves
,
if
chosen
,
or
give
their
Voices
for
such
as
should
be
willing
to
take
away
the
Penal
Laws
and
Tests
.
And
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
with
Six
other
Bishops
were
sent
prisoners
to
the
Tower
,
●nd
afterwards
Tryed
at
the
King's-Bench
Bar
(
but
●cquitted
)
for
petitioning
the
King
to
revoke
his
Order
of
Reading
his
Declaration
for
Liberty
of
Conscience
,
in
Churches
,
in
time
of
Divine
Service
.
And
during
their
Imprisonment
we
had
news
that
●he
Queen
was
brought
to
Bed
of
a
Son
,
for
which
〈◊〉
Thanksgiving
day
was
appointed
,
and
the
Con●uits
in
London
ran
with
Wine
,
as
likewise
in
many
other
places
,
and
the
Embassadours
in
foreign
Courts
,
made
great
Rejoycing
:
But
whilst
this
●oy
lasted
at
Court
,
and
things
were
making
ready
or
the
calling
a
Parliament
;
news
came
that
great
●reparations
were
making
in
Holland
,
with
a
design
●o
pass
an
Army
into
England
,
which
changed
the
●ace
of
Affairs
;
for
those
that
had
been
turned
out
●f
places
of
Trust
were
restored
,
the
Bishops
were
received
into
savour
;
the
Charter
of
London
and
other
Charters
were
restored
;
Depositions
were
taken
relating
to
the
Birth
of
the
Infant
,
and
enrolled
in
Chancery
;
and
the
King
was
willing
no
Papist
should
be
a
Member
in
Parliament
with
many
other
concessions
and
great
Levys
were
made
for
Sea
and
Land
;
however
the
Dutch
Fleet
without
much
interruption
,
came
to
Torbay
in
Devonshire
,
on
the
5
of
November
1688.
and
the
Army
to
the
number
of
13
or
14000
Landed
;
seized
upon
Exceter
and
divers
other
places
,
whilst
the
King
was
prepairing
to
oppose
it
,
causing
his
Forces
and
Artillary
to
march
for
Salisbury
,
whether
he
went
in
person
:
But
finding
the
falling
off
of
part
of
his
Army
,
and
afterwards
the
Nobility
;
and
the
surprize
of
sundry
strong
Towns
in
the
North
and
other
places
,
he
returned
to
White-Hall
;
and
upon
news
of
the
defeat
of
a
Party
set
to
Guard
Reading
and
Twyford
Bridge
,
the
King
on
the
11
of
December
,
left
White-Hall
,
having
the
day
before
sent
the
Queen
away
,
&c.
but
within
a
day
or
two
he
was
discovered
at
Feversham
,
and
a
Message
sent
to
him
from
the
Lords
sitting
in
Council
,
to
return
which
accordingly
he
did
;
but
afterwards
going
to
reside
at
Rochester
,
he
privately
withdrew
himself
and
taking
Ship
passed
into
France
,
where
the
Queen
was
arrieved
some
time
before
.
Thus
fortunes
Hand
does
turn
about
the
Wheele
,
And
makes
the
great
as
well
as
feeble
Reele
.
Memorable
Transactions
under
the
Auspicious
Reign
of
King
WILLIAM
and
Queen
MARY
&c.
THE
Kingdom
left
without
a
Head
,
and
th
〈◊〉
Publick
Affairs
receiving
prejudice
in
man
〈◊〉
particulars
;
after
several
Addresses
and
Congratulations
,
on
the
25th
of
December
,
the
Lords
Spiritual
and
Temporal
,
assembled
at
Westminster
,
and
humbly
besought
his
present
Majesty
to
take
upon
him
the
Administration
of
of
Publick
Affairs
,
both
Civil
and
Military
,
and
to
dispose
of
the
publick
Treasury
,
&c.
till
the
meeting
of
the
Convention
appointed
to
meet
the
22
of
January
,
making
i●
their
further
Request
that
he
would
cause
his
Circular
Letters
to
be
Issued
out
to
the
Lords
:
And
for
the
Election
of
Representatives
to
repair
and
●it
at
Westminster
,
and
the
next
day
a
great
number
of
Gentlemen
,
who
had
been
Members
of
Parliament
in
the
Reign
of
King
Charles
the
Second
,
met
at
the
Commons
House
,
who
drew
up
an
Address
to
the
●●●ine
purpose
,
as
the
Lords
,
which
was
presented
and
very
Gratiously
received
;
and
on
the
30
of
December
,
a
Declaration
was
Issued
out
,
Authorizing
Justices
of
the
Peace
,
Sheriffs
and
other
Officers
,
who
were
in
their
Offices
the
1st
of
December
,
except
Papists
,
to
Act
in
their
several
Places
and
Stations
.
And
divers
Priests
and
other
disaffected
persons
were
seized
in
sundry
Counties
,
and
committed
to
several
Prisons
;
and
the
Circular
Letters
sent
abroad
,
the
Papists
were
commanded
to
depart
the
Citys
of
London
and
Westminster
:
And
many
eminent
Citizens
of
London
,
upon
notice
that
the
Treasury
was
Exhausted
,
lent
towards
the
defraying
the
Charges
of
the
Publick
Affairs
of
the
Kingdom
,
about
300000
l
which
was
paid
in
at
Guild-Hall
,
for
the
use
of
the
Exchequer
:
Nor
was
the
Scots
slow
in
making
their
Address
for
Protection
;
which
many
of
the
Lords
and
Commnns
did
,
and
were
kindly
received
,
with
a
promise
at
their
Request
,
of
Issuing
out
Letters
for
the
meeting
of
a
Convention
of
the
Estates
on
the
14th
day
of
March
,
at
Edenburg
,
which
gave
a
general
Satisfaction
to
Scotland
.
On
the
22d
of
January
,
1688.
According
to
appointment
,
the
Convention
met
at
Westminster
,
where
the
Lord
Marquess
of
Hallifax
held
the
place
as
Speaker
,
in
the
House
of
Lords
,
Henry
Powell
,
Esq
did
the
like
in
that
of
the
Commons
:
And
after
some
Debates
and
Considerations
for
the
Settlement
of
Affairs
,
they
made
an
Address
of
Thanks
for
the
Royal
Care
and
Conduct
;
and
at
their
Intreaty
a
further
continuation
of
the
Administration
was
Accepted
;
and
the
days
were
Appointed
for
a
Publick
Thanksgiving
for
the
great
Deliverance
of
these
Kingdoms
.
But
in
Ireland
things
went
not
on
so
prosperously
,
for
the
Earl
of
Tyrconnel
greatly
oppressed
the
Protestants
,
suffered
the
Papists
to
plunder
their
Houses
,
every
where
disarming
them
,
and
putting
them
out
of
places
of
Trust
;
however
in
several
parts
of
that
Kingdom
the
Protestants
,
under
the
leading
of
Noblemen
and
others
,
gave
them
notable
overthrows
.
But
the
Popish
party
relying
upon
the
Succours
they
expected
from
France
,
gave
not
over
their
Ravages
and
Outrages
.
However
great
preparations
were
made
in
England
to
reduce
that
Kingdom
to
Obedience
,
and
some
Stores
of
Ammunition
and
Provisions
sent
from
Scotland
;
and
care
was
taken
to
stop
such
as
were
going
over
,
and
a
prohibition
was
laid
on
French
Goods
and
Manufactures
,
&c.
And
now
the
desire
of
the
people
being
to
see
their
present
Majestys
on
the
Throne
,
a
great
number
of
worthy
persons
,
in
the
Citys
of
London
and
Westminster
,
Petitioned
,
setting
forth
it
was
their
humble
desire
it
might
be
speedily
done
;
and
soon
after
Her
present
Majesty
,
upon
the
earnest
Invitation
of
the
Estates
,
Embarqued
for
England
,
attended
by
a
Squadron
of
English
and
Dutch
Men
of
War
;
and
arrived
safely
at
White-Hall
,
on
the
12th
of
February
,
1688.
to
the
inexpressible
Joy
of
the
people
,
and
was
saluted
all
the
way
Her
Yatch
passed
by
the
Forts
and
Ships
in
the
Road
,
as
also
by
the
Tower
Guns
,
the
Standard
being
displayed
;
and
at
Court
she
received
the
Complements
of
all
the
Nobility
present
,
nor
did
the
Lords
and
Commons
delay
to
prepare
for
the
Proclaiming
King
WILLIAM
and
Queen
MARY
,
by
declaring
the
Throne
Vacant
,
and
praying
them
to
accept
the
Regal
Dignities
,
Abrogating
the
former
Oaths
of
Allegience
and
Supremacy
,
and
Incerting
these
,
viz.
I
A.
B.
Do
sincerely
Promise
and
Swear
,
that
I
will
be
Faithfull
and
bear
True
Allegience
to
their
Majestys
,
King
WILLIAM
and
Queen
MARY
.
So
help
me
God
.
I
A.
B.
Do
Swear
,
that
I
do
from
my
heart
,
Abhor
,
Detest
and
Abjure
,
as
Impious
and
Heretical
,
this
Damnable
Doctrine
and
Position
,
that
Princes
Excommunicate
or
deprived
by
the
Pope
or
any
Authority
of
the
See
of
Rome
,
may
be
Deposed
or
Murthered
by
their
Subjects
,
or
any
other
whatsoever
;
and
so
I
declare
that
no
foreign
Prince
,
Person
,
Prelate
,
State
or
Potentate
hath
or
ought
to
have
any
Jurisdiction
,
Power
,
Superiority
,
Preeminence
or
Authority
,
Ecclesiastical
or
Spiritual
within
this
Realm
.
So
help
me
God
.
Matters
prepared
in
readiness
for
so
great
and
solemn
an
Occasion
;
the
Lords
and
Commons
on
the
13th
of
February
,
having
acquainted
them
with
what
they
had
done
,
and
obtained
their
Consent
.
About
Eleven
of
the
Clock
they
went
to
White-Hall
Gate
,
where
the
Officers
and
Serjeants
at
Arms
,
Trumpets
and
other
persons
being
present
,
Sir
Thomas
St.
George
Knight
,
Garter
Principal
King
at
Arms
,
receiving
the
Proclamation
,
and
the
Officers
at
Arms
,
by
the
Lords
being
ordered
immediately
to
Proclaim
it
;
York
Herauld
Proclaimed
it
at
White-Hall
Gate
,
after
the
Trumpets
had
thrice
sounded
,
Garter
reading
it
by
periods
in
the
presence
of
the
Lords
and
Commons
,
and
a
great
concourse
of
people
,
and
the
satisfaction
conceived
was
manifested
by
loud
shouts
and
general
Acclamations
of
Joy
;
and
in
good
order
they
proceeded
to
Temple-Bar
,
where
having
informed
the
occasion
of
their
coming
;
they
had
the
Gates
opened
and
all
,
except
the
Bailiff
of
Westminster
,
and
his
men
entred
and
were
received
by
the
Lord
Mayor
,
Aldermen
,
Recorder
,
Sheriffs
,
&c.
When
having
made
a
Second
Proclamation
,
they
passed
to
Wood-street
end
in
Cheapside
,
and
there
Proclaimed
a
Third
time
,
and
the
like
was
done
before
the
Royal
Exchange
in
Cornhill
,
and
immediately
the
great
Guns
made
it
known
to
remote
parts
;
the
Evening
being
concluded
with
the
Ringing
of
Bells
,
Bonfires
and
other
demonstrations
of
Joy
.
Nor
was
it
less
upon
the
like
Proclamation
of
their
Majestys
in
the
principal
Burroughs
and
Towns
of
England
and
Wales
.
And
two
days
following
his
Majesty
was
pleased
to
give
the
two
Houses
a
further
Assurance
of
his
Care
and
Protection
for
the
preservation
of
their
Religion
,
Laws
and
Liberties
;
and
that
he
was
desirous
to
concur
with
them
in
any
thing
that
should
be
for
the
good
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
do
what
in
him
lay
to
advance
the
Glory
and
Welfare
of
the
Nation
.
And
thereupon
published
his
Royal
Declaration
to
restrain
disorderly
persons
,
who
took
the
liberty
to
kill
the
Deer
,
and
cut
down
the
Timber
in
divers
Chaces
and
Forests
,
causing
the
Ports
in
the
West
facing
Ireland
to
be
stopped
,
to
prevent
disaffected
persons
from
passing
over
to
Tyrconnel
:
And
the
City
of
London
,
by
the
Lord
Mayor
,
Aldermen
,
and
divers
of
the
Commons
,
Congratulated
their
Majestys
upon
their
happy
Accession
to
the
Throne
;
and
on
the
18th
of
February
the
King
went
to
the
House
of
Lords
,
Royally
attended
,
and
too
his
Place
on
the
Throne
:
when
the
Gentleman
●sher
of
the
Black
Rod
,
had
order
to
Summon
up
the
Commons
,
and
they
accordingly
attending
at
the
Bar
of
the
Lords
House
,
his
Majesty
let
them
know
how
sensible
he
was
of
their
kindness
;
and
how
much
he
esteemed
and
valued
the
confidence
they
had
Reposed
in
him
,
giving
them
Assurance
that
at
no
time
he
would
do
any
thing
that
might
lessen
their
good
opinion
of
him
,
recommending
to
them
the
Care
of
the
Allies
abroad
,
and
the
dangerous
state
of
Ireland
,
&c.
And
soon
after
his
Majesty
being
waited
on
by
the
Bishop
of
London
and
about
100.
of
the
London
Clergy
,
with
an
humble
Tender
of
their
duty
,
and
fidelity
he
was
pleased
to
express
his
Gracious
promise
of
Protection
and
Encouragement
.
And
the
two
Houses
resolved
into
a
free
Parliament
;
his
Majesty
gave
the
Royal
Assent
to
an
Act
intituled
an
Act
for
the
removing
and
preventing
all
questions
and
disputes
about
the
Assembling
and
Sitting
of
this
present
Parliament
;
putting
out
his
Royal
Declaration
for
bringing
in
and
restoring
Arms
,
imbezled
during
the
disbandings
and
disorder
,
in
the
late
King's
Army
.
During
these
prosperous
proceedings
,
we
had
frequent
news
from
Ireland
,
that
the
Earl
of
Tyrconnel
laboured
to
increase
his
Army
,
and
to
draw
away
those
that
yet
remained
unshaken
;
to
prevent
which
,
his
Majesty
was
pleased
to
Issue
out
his
Proclamation
,
offering
a
pardon
of
Indemnity
to
all
those
that
would
lay
down
their
Arms
and
retire
to
their
respective
habitations
,
and
there
quietly
and
peaceably
behave
themselves
,
and
that
according
to
Law
,
they
should
enjoy
their
Estates
and
Possessions
;
likewise
those
of
the
Roman
persuasion
to
have
all
the
liberty
of
private
Exercise
of
Religion
that
the
Law
allows
,
with
a
promise
of
calling
a
Parliament
in
that
Kingdom
:
But
if
any
refused
they
were
proclaimed
Rebels
and
Traytors
and
their
Lands
forfeited
,
to
be
distributed
to
those
that
should
be
aiding
and
assisting
,
to
the
reducing
the
Kingdom
.
But
on
the
other
hand
Tyrconnel
,
as
much
as
lay
in
him
to
hinder
this
Gratious
offer
,
prevented
its
being
dispersed
in
many
parts
of
that
Kingdom
,
and
published
a
Declaration
of
his
own
,
wherein
he
promised
them
wonders
,
if
they
would
persevere
,
and
laid
before
them
the
danger
if
they
laid
down
their
Arms
,
whch
animated
them
to
great
Outrages
,
however
the
English
Protestants
defended
Sligo
and
other
places
,
making
strong
opposition
,
especially
in
the
North
,
expecting
Succours
from
England
,
where
extraordinary
Levys
were
making
,
and
the
King
the
better
to
encourage
his
Subjects
,
consented
to
the
taking
away
the
Act
of
Harth
Money
,
which
had
been
a
long
time
very
grievous
to
the
poorer
sort
of
the
Nation
;
for
which
he
received
an
Address
of
Thanks
from
both
Houses
,
and
an
other
wherein
they
resolved
to
stand
by
him
with
their
Lives
and
Fortunes
,
in
supporting
his
Allies
abroad
in
reducing
Ireland
,
and
to
secure
the
Protestant
Religion
in
that
Kingdom
,
which
was
very
Graciously
Received
;
and
his
Majesty
declared
his
Opinion
,
as
to
what
was
requisite
for
the
support
of
the
Nations
Glory
abroad
and
at
home
:
And
the
two
Houses
,
for
declaring
to
stand
by
his
Majesty
,
&c.
had
two
humble
Addresses
of
Thanks
from
the
City
of
London
,
and
they
likewise
tendred
their
Address
of
Thanks
to
his
Majesty
,
upon
his
Condescending
to
have
the
Harth
Money
taken
away
,
which
was
shortly
after
taken
away
by
an
Act
for
ever
,
onely
a
Clause
reserving
to
be
collected
,
what
was
due
to
the
25th
of
March
before
the
publication
of
the
said
Act.
During
these
proceedings
,
the
King
had
an
Express
that
a
considerable
number
of
Soldiers
of
the
Regiment
,
once
commanded
by
the
Lord
Dumbarton
,
and
some
Companies
of
Fuziliers
had
had
mutined
near
Ipswich
,
and
marched
away
with
the
Money
sent
to
pay
them
and
four
Field
Pieces
,
in
their
way
proclaiming
King
James
;
when
to
prevent
the
disorder
,
upon
the
Address
of
the
Parliament
they
were
proclaimed
Rebels
,
and
a
considerable
force
of
Horse
and
Dragoons
sent
to
suppress
them
;
and
accordingly
upon
their
inclosing
those
mutinous
Soldiers
,
they
after
some
shew
of
resistence
,
threw
down
their
Arms
and
surrendred
them
yielding
upon
discretion
;
when
being
disarmed
they
and
their
Officers
were
disposed
of
in
divers
prisons
,
and
an
Act
passed
the
Royal
Assent
,
impowering
his
Majesty
to
apprehend
such
persons
as
he
should
find
just
cause
to
suspect
were
conspiring
against
the
Government
,
and
an
other
to
take
off
the
Attaindure
of
William
Russell
,
Esq
commonly
called
William
Lord
Russell
;
and
many
other
Acts
conducing
to
the
good
and
settlement
of
the
Kingdom
,
were
soon
after
passed
.
Upon
the
death
of
Sir
John
Chapman
,
Lord
Mayor
of
London
,
Thomas
Pilkinton
,
Esq
since
Sir
Thomas
Pilkinton
,
was
Elected
at
the
Guild-Hall
,
and
presented
to
the
Commissioners
of
the
Great
Seal
,
and
Sworn
at
the
Hustings
,
and
after
that
by
the
Lieutenant
of
the
Tower
,
by
reason
at
that
time
there
was
no
Court
held
at
Westminster
.
Scotland
at
this
time
was
not
wanting
,
for
the
Convention
pursuant
to
the
King
's
Circular
Letters
meeting
,
March
14th
,
and
chusing
Duke
Hamilton
their
Chairman
,
they
earnestly
laboured
for
the
settlement
of
that
Kingdom
,
which
was
fallen
into
some
disorder
upon
the
Grand
Revolution
,
Summoning
the
Duke
of
Gourdon
to
surrender
the
Castle
of
Edenburg
,
and
upon
his
refusal
Proclaimed
him
and
his
adherents
Traytors
;
on
great
penalties
prohibiting
any
to
have
intercourse
with
him
,
securing
divers
suspected
persons
,
and
raising
Forces
to
secure
the
Kingdom
,
with
many
other
things
too
many
here
to
be
incerted
.
And
now
the
Coronation
Solemnity
of
their
Majestys
,
being
appointed
on
the
11th
of
April
,
and
a
Proclamation
issued
out
to
the
Peers
,
and
for
all
that
could
make
Claims
by
right
of
Service
or
Tenure
.
Great
were
the
preparations
,
and
an
Act
on
the
21st
of
March
passed
the
Royal
Assent
for
granting
their
Majestys
a
present
Aide
;
and
another
Act
soon
after
passed
for
recviving
Actions
and
Processes
depending
in
the
Courts
of
Westminster
,
discontinued
by
the
omitting
Hillary
Term
,
with
others
conducing
to
the
regulation
and
settlement
of
Affairs
;
and
divers
great
Officers
were
made
and
honours
Conferred
on
sundry
persons
.
And
now
the
Coronation
day
drawing
near
,
the
Parliament
considered
of
the
Coronation
Oath
,
and
the
Royal
Assent
given
to
an
Act
intituled
an
Act
for
Establishing
the
Coronation
Oath
,
to
be
Administred
to
all
the
Kings
and
Queens
that
shall
Succeed
to
the
Imperial
Crown
of
this
Realm
,
upon
their
respective
Coronations
by
one
of
the
Arch-Bishops
to
be
done
in
Publick
;
so
that
nothing
being
wanting
to
perfect
the
Royal
Ceremony
of
the
Coronation
;
on
Thursday
the
11
of
April
,
the
King
and
Queen
landing
at
the
Parliament
Stairs
,
went
to
the
Princes
Lodgings
between
10
and
11
in
the
Morning
;
and
the
Peers
and
Peeresses
being
in
their
Robes
,
and
having
their
Coronets
,
their
Majestys
came
to
Westminster-Hall
,
(
the
Procession
being
put
in
order
)
and
there
taking
their
Seats
on
a
Throne
under
a
Cloth
of
State
,
the
Regalia
was
presented
and
delivered
to
those
Noblemen
,
by
whom
it
was
to
be
born
,
and
the
Earl
Marshal
,
Kings
at
Arms
and
Heraulds
,
having
put
the
Procession
in
order
,
it
passed
on
through
the
Guard
of
Soldiers
that
made
a
Lane
,
blew
Cloth
being
spread
and
scattered
with
sweet
hearbs
;
their
Majestys
,
under
a
Canopy
of
State
,
in
their
Royal
Robes
,
the
King
in
a
Velvet
Crimson
Cap
,
and
the
Queen
with
a
Circlet
of
Gold
on
her
head
,
the
Peers
and
Peeresses
in
their
Robes
,
with
their
Coronets
in
their
hands
,
and
entring
Westminster
Abby
,
their
Majestys
Ascended
the
Throne
,
and
the
Nobles
and
others
disposed
themselves
according
to
their
degrees
and
Places
,
and
the
Ceremony
was
performed
with
great
Splendor
and
Magnificence
;
after
which
their
Majestys
with
their
Crowns
on
their
Heads
and
the
Nobility
with
their
Coronets
on
,
returned
in
the
same
order
they
went
,
to
Westminster-Hall
,
where
a
Stately
Banquet
was
prepared
,
and
being
seated
,
the
first
course
was
Marshalled
in
,
and
the
King
Champion
in
Compleat
Armour
,
came
into
the
Hall
on
Horseback
and
made
his
Challenge
in
these
words
repeated
by
York
Herauld
,
viz.
If
any
person
of
any
Degree
whatsoever
,
High
or
Low
shall
deny
or
gainsay
our
Sovereign
Lord
and
Lady
.
King
WILLIAM
and
Queen
MARY
,
King
and
Queen
of
England
,
France
and
Ireland
,
Defenders
of
the
Faith
,
to
be
Rightfull
King
and
Queen
of
this
Realm
of
England
;
or
that
they
ought
not
to
Enjoy
the
Imperial
Crown
of
the
same
,
here
is
their
Champion
,
who
saith
he
lieth
and
is
a
false
Traytor
,
being
ready
in
person
to
Combate
with
him
,
and
in
this
Quarrel
will
Adventure
his
Life
against
him
on
what
day
soever
he
shall
appoint
.
The
Royal
Entertainment
ended
,
their
Majestys
returned
to
White-Hall
,
and
the
great
Guns
and
Bells
proclaimed
the
Joy
,
together
with
the
peoples
shouts
and
acclamations
.
The
Night
was
spent
in
Bonfiers
and
Drinking-healths
,
which
in
a
short
time
was
so
ordered
throughout
the
Kingdom
;
and
Scotland
not
to
be
behind
proceeded
to
Proclaim
their
Majestys
King
and
Queen
of
that
Kingdom
,
deputing
the
Earl
of
Argyle
and
others
to
wait
upon
their
Majestys
with
an
offer
of
the
Crown
,
which
being
Accepted
,
their
Majestys
have
since
been
so
owned
that
Kingdom
,
with
equal
demonstrations
of
Joy
.
The
Charges
of
the
Government
appearing
very
great
,
the
Parliament
agreed
upon
a
Pole
B●●
,
which
being
brought
in
and
approved
,
it
passed
the
Royal
Assent
,
encouraging
the
lending
of
300000
l
upon
its
security
till
Money
can
be
raised
.
The
late
King
being
by
this
time
in
Ireland
,
and
the
French
Fleet
about
to
Land
more
men
in
that
Kingdom
,
were
Engaged
near
Bantry-Bay
,
by
an
English
Squadron
under
the
Command
of
Vice-Admiral
Herbert
,
and
three
of
their
great
Ships
disabled
and
sunk
a
great
many
of
their
Seamen
and
Officers
killed
,
without
the
loss
of
one
Ship
on
our
side
,
though
much
inferiour
in
number
.
And
the
French
and
Irish
laying
Siege
to
London-Derry
,
were
beaten
off
by
the
Besieged
,
under
the
Command
of
Colonel
Walker
,
Minister
of
that
Place
,
and
about
4000
of
them
slain
,
insomuch
that
they
were
obliged
to
acquit
it
and
draw
off
.
And
several
persons
attempting
to
spread
King
James
his
Declarations
in
the
City
of
London
,
some
were
seized
and
committed
to
Newgate
.
And
during
these
Transactions
,
the
late
Lord
Chancellour
Jeffreys
,
and
the
late
Lord
Chief
Justice
Wright
dyed
,
one
in
the
Tower
and
the
other
in
Newgate
.
The
Convention
of
Scotland
was
turned
into
a
a
Parliament
,
the
Lord
Hamilton
made
President
,
and
an
Act
passed
for
asserting
their
Power
,
and
preventing
any
questions
or
dispute
that
may
arise
about
their
power
to
Act
as
being
a
Parliament
.
Aud
since
the
Castle
is
surrendred
.
Thus
Reader
you
may
see
our
chang'd
estate
,
And
own
God's
Mercies
Wonderfull
and
Great
;
Whose
swift
Almighty
Hand
,
the
Ruin
stay'd
,
That
Rome's
dark
Thunder
into
Bolts
had
made
,
Aiming
'em
at
Religion
,
Life
and
Laws
,
But
Heaven
defeats
where
e'er
it
owns
the
Cause
.