THE
Tragical
History
OF
THE
STUARTS
.
IN
the
Reign
of
Duncane
,
King
of
Scotland
,
who
came
to
the
Possession
of
the
Scotish
Crown
upon
the
decease
of
his
Uncle
Milcolm
in
the
Year
1040.
while
one
Bancho
,
Thane
of
Lochquaber
(
from
whom
the
Stuarts
descended
)
was
gathering
the
King's
Revenues
,
within
the
bounds
of
his
own
Jurisdiction
,
and
withal
somewhat
severely
punishing
such
as
he
found
to
be
notorious
Offenders
;
it
caused
a
Mutiny
in
the
Country
,
and
so
a
Conspiracy
was
formed
against
Bancho
,
by
a
parcel
of
Riotous
and
Lawless
Fellows
,
who
first
spoil'd
his
Goods
,
and
then
assaulted
his
Person
,
giving
him
many
dangerous
Wounds
,
so
that
he
had
much
ado
to
escape
with
his
Life
:
But
assoon
as
he
found
himself
a
little
recover'd
,
and
in
a
condition
to
travel
,
he
determined
to
repair
to
the
Court
,
in
order
to
require
Satisfaction
for
the
Damages
he
had
sustained
;
where
,
after
he
had
made
Complaint
to
the
King
of
the
same
;
and
of
the
Indignities
that
had
been
offer'd
to
him
,
he
at
length
prevail'd
to
have
an
Herald
sent
to
the
Offenders
,
to
cite
them
to
make
their
personal
Appearance
,
for
to
answer
to
such
Matters
as
should
be
laid
to
their
Charge
:
But
they
,
instead
of
complying
with
the
Summons
,
entertain'd
the
Messenger
first
with
all
manner
of
Reproaches
;
and
when
they
had
as
despitefully
used
him
,
both
in
Words
and
Actions
,
as
they
could
,
slew
him
out-right
;
and
so
entring
into
a
Confederacy
with
their
Friends
and
Kinsfolks
,
as
expecting
to
be
call'd
to
a
severe
Account
by
an
Armed
Power
from
the
King
,
they
chose
one
Mackdonald
for
their
Captain
,
who
readily
enough
embraced
the
Command
,
and
shortly
after
routed
some
Troops
,
sent
against
them
,
under
the
Conduct
of
a
Nobleman
,
whom
they
took
Prisoner
,
and
afterwards
slew
,
with
which
Success
they
were
not
a
little
elated
and
flushed
.
Hereupon
the
King
call'd
a
Council
,
to
consult
what
to
do
,
among
whom
,
Mackbeth
(
so
famed
upon
the
Stage
)
was
one
;
who
exclaiming
much
against
the
Precariousness
of
the
Government
,
and
the
mistaken
Lenity
of
the
King
towards
notorious
Offenders
,
did
notwithstanding
promise
,
that
if
they
were
pleased
to
leave
that
Affair
to
his
and
Bancho's
Management
,
he
did
not
doubt
but
in
a
very
short
time
to
give
a
good
account
of
the
Rebels
:
Hereupon
he
and
Bancho
were
joyn'd
in
Commission
to
go
against
them
,
and
in
some
time
set
out
with
a
Body
of
Men
towards
Lochquaber
;
The
fame
of
whose
Approach
struck
the
Enemy
with
such
a
panick
Fear
,
that
they
dispersed
in
great
Numbers
,
leaving
their
Captain
Mackdonald
almost
destitute
,
who
notwithstanding
with
the
small
Remains
he
had
left
with
him
,
adventurously
gave
them
Battle
;
but
being
routed
,
he
fled
for
Refuge
to
an
adjacent
Castle
;
and
finding
himself
environn'd
by
his
Enemies
on
all
sides
,
and
no
way
left
for
his
Escape
,
he
first
slew
his
Wife
and
Children
,
and
then
laid
violent
Hands
upon
himself
,
to
prevent
,
as
he
dreaded
,
a
severer
Punishment
.
This
Rebellion
being
thus
happily
supprest
by
the
good
Conduct
and
Managment
of
Mackbeth
and
Bancho
,
another
more
dangerous
Storm
did
upon
the
Neck
of
it
,
threaten
Scotland
;
for
Sweno
,
King
of
Norway
,
landed
at
Fife
,
with
a
puissant
Army
,
designing
no
less
than
to
make
an
entire
Conquest
of
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
:
Duncane
,
to
obviate
as
much
as
might
be
the
Intentions
of
the
Enemy
,
raises
Forces
with
utmost
Diligence
,
and
next
to
himself
entrusted
the
Command
of
them
with
the
two
aforesaid
Chieftains
,
Mackbeth
and
Bancho
;
who
had
but
a
little
while
before
done
him
signal
Service
against
his
Rebellious
Subjects
.
Near
Calrose
the
two
Armies
engaged
,
and
fought
for
a
considerable
time
,
with
incredible
obstinacy
,
but
at
last
the
Danes
prevailed
,
and
the
Scots
were
totally
routed
,
and
Duncane
fled
to
the
Castle
of
Bertha
,
which
Sweno
laid
close
siege
to
forthwith
:
Mackbeth
in
the
mean
time
rallies
and
raises
more
Forces
,
to
whom
the
King
,
by
the
Advice
of
Bancho
,
sent
word
,
that
he
should
not
march
to
his
Relief
till
he
had
further
Orders
:
The
King
in
the
interim
entertains
a
feigned
Treaty
of
Surrender
with
Sweno
,
and
to
elude
the
Matter
yet
further
,
sent
his
Army
,
as
a
Donative
,
some
Provisions
of
Ale
and
Bread
out
of
the
Castle
,
but
had
first
mixt
both
with
the
Juice
of
Banewort
,
a
noxious
Herb
;
which
did
so
intoxicate
the
Danish
Soldiers
,
who
feasted
greedily
thereon
,
that
they
generally
fell
all
fast
asleep
;
upon
which
Mackbeth
had
Orders
sent
him
to
march
up
without
delay
,
and
fall
upon
them
,
which
he
did
with
that
success
,
that
the
whole
Army
was
slain
,
save
the
King
,
and
about
ten
Men
more
,
who
with
great
difficulty
fled
to
their
Ships
.
But
the
Rejoycings
made
for
this
Victory
were
scarce
cold
,
when
another
Danish
Army
,
sent
by
Canutus
,
to
the
assistance
of
Sweno
,
landed
at
Kingcorn
,
which
were
also
encountred
by
Mackbeth
and
Bancho
,
and
utterly
routed
.
Some
time
after
this
,
as
Buchanan
,
Boethius
,
and
other
Scotch
Writers
relate
,
tho'
in
a
different
manner
,
As
Mackbeth
and
Bancho
,
without
any
other
Company
,
were
agoing
to
a
place
called
Fores
,
where
the
King
then
resided
;
it
fortuned
that
they
met
three
Women
upon
the
Road
of
a
very
strange
Aspect
and
Habit
;
one
of
them
saluted
Mackbeth
,
Thane
of
Angus
,
another
of
Murrey
,
and
the
third
King
,
of
Scotland
;
with
which
kind
of
Salutation
they
were
both
very
much
surpriz'd
,
and
Bancho
said
to
the
Women
,
why
so
unkind
to
me
,
as
to
bestow
nothing
upon
me
,
when
you
have
assigned
to
my
Companion
not
only
high
Preferments
,
but
even
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
:
Nay
,
but
reply'd
the
first
of
them
,
we
have
greater
Favours
in
store
for
thee
;
he
shall
reign
indeed
but
with
an
unhappy
end
,
and
leave
none
of
his
Posterity
to
inherit
the
Crown
;
but
of
thee
shall
those
be
born
who
shall
govern
the
Scotch
Nation
by
a
long
Succession
of
continued
descent
:
And
this
I
take
to
be
the
Ground
of
Dr.
Heylin's
saying
in
his
Scotia
,
that
it
was
strangely
foretold
this
Bancho
,
above
three
hundred
Years
before
it
began
to
be
fulfill'd
;
that
he
indeed
should
not
be
King
,
but
that
out
of
his
Loyns
should
come
a
Race
of
Kings
,
that
should
for
ever
rule
Scotland
.
This
Apparition
,
for
so
it
was
afterwards
interpreted
,
made
at
first
no
great
Impressions
on
the
Spirits
,
either
of
the
one
or
the
other
,
so
as
that
they
made
no
other
use
of
it
than
to
jear
one
another
ever
and
anon
therewith
;
Bancho
frequently
calling
Mackbeth
,
by
way
of
ridicule
,
King
of
Scotland
,
and
the
other
as
often
entertaining
him
with
the
Appellation
of
Father
of
many
Kings
;
till
such
time
,
which
happened
not
long
after
,
that
the
Thane
of
one
of
the
foresaid
places
being
condemned
and
executed
for
Treason
,
Mackbeth
was
bountifully
invested
by
the
King
in
all
his
Lands
,
Livings
and
Offices
;
which
being
interpreted
by
him
as
a
favourable
Presage
,
and
as
it
were
a
Praeludium
towards
the
Accomplishment
of
the
foresaid
Prediction
concerning
him
,
it
raised
his
Hopes
mightily
;
and
he
begins
to
set
all
his
Wits
on
work
,
and
to
imploy
all
his
Engines
,
among
whom
Bancho
was
chief
,
who
gave
him
all
the
Assistance
he
could
in
his
bloody
Designs
,
for
to
attain
to
the
Crown
;
which
not
long
after
,
by
a
barbarous
Parricide
(
for
a
good
King
is
Father
of
his
Country
)
he
accomplish'd
,
having
slain
the
King
at
Inverness
,
or
(
as
others
write
)
at
Botgosvane
,
in
the
sixth
Year
of
his
Reign
,
and
so
was
forthwith
crowned
at
Scone
.
Mackbeth
,
to
ingratiate
himself
with
the
People
,
without
which
,
no
Government
,
tho'
never
so
just
,
can
long
subsist
,
gets
several
good
and
wholsome
Laws
enacted
for
the
publick
Weal
;
But
this
was
an
effect
rather
of
Policy
,
than
any
natural
Disposition
and
good
Genius
in
him
,
as
did
afterwards
appear
;
and
as
Tyrants
are
always
uneasie
,
he
was
never
without
dreadful
Apprehensions
that
he
should
be
served
the
same
sawce
himself
,
as
he
had
done
by
his
Predecessor
,
and
the
Prediction
foremention'd
did
not
a
little
contribute
thereunto
,
especially
that
part
of
it
that
referr'd
to
the
posterity
of
Bancho's
attaining
in
time
to
the
possession
of
the
Diadem
.
And
as
nothing
is
more
terrible
to
a
wicked
Usurper
than
the
Thoughts
of
a
Successor
,
especially
without
his
own
Line
;
former
Confederacies
,
for
the
attainment
of
the
Supream
Power
,
being
now
disregarded
,
and
quite
effaced
with
the
Cares
to
secure
it
;
for
indeed
there
is
but
little
Faithfulness
to
be
expected
from
Associates
in
Villany
,
be
their
mutual
Engagements
never
so
solemn
;
he
makes
it
his
whole
business
to
cut
off
Bancho
,
who
had
been
so
instrumental
to
advance
him
(
the
very
Practice
of
Richard
the
III
toward
Henry
Stafford
,
Duke
of
Buckingham
)
and
therefore
,
in
order
to
put
his
projected
Design
in
execution
,
he
invites
him
,
together
with
his
Son
Fleance
,
to
a
supper
,
which
he
had
prepared
for
them
.
They
suspecting
no
Treachery
in
the
matter
,
made
no
scruple
to
come
,
and
feasted
merrily
;
and
when
all
was
over
,
prepared
to
return
to
their
own
Lodgings
,
but
they
were
on
their
way
thither
,
without
the
Pallace-Gates
,
to
prevent
the
suspition
of
the
King
's
having
any
Hand
in
it
,
assaulted
by
several
Russians
,
whom
he
had
hired
for
that
purpose
,
who
slew
the
Father
outright
;
But
the
Son
,
thro'
the
favour
of
the
dark
Night
,
happily
escaped
;
and
being
sensible
of
the
danger
he
was
in
if
he
stay'd
in
Scotland
,
from
the
Jealousie
and
Malice
of
Mackbeth
,
who
,
he
was
now
fully
satisfied
,
had
contrived
the
Murder
of
his
Father
,
tho'
the
other
endeavour'd
all
he
could
to
suppress
it
,
and
make
appear
it
was
only
a
matter
of
chance
,
he
fled
into
Wales
.
He
had
not
been
there
long
,
but
that
he
grew
into
great
Favour
and
Esteem
with
Trahern
,
Prince
of
that
part
of
the
Country
,
call'd
Northwales
,
but
into
far
greater
Intimacy
,
and
even
to
an
unlawful
Familiarity
with
his
Daughter
,
so
as
that
she
was
got
with
Child
by
him
;
which
at
length
coming
to
the
Ears
of
her
Father
,
he
was
so
enraged
with
the
Dishonour
done
to
his
Family
by
this
Fugitive
,
and
so
sensibly
touch'd
with
his
Violation
of
the
Rules
of
Hospitality
,
that
nothing
less
would
satisfie
him
than
his
Blood
,
and
so
he
slew
him
.
The
Daughter
he
also
severely
used
,
who
was
at
last
brought
to
Bed
of
a
Son
,
whom
they
named
Walter
;
who
,
tho'
but
meanly
Educated
by
his
Grandfather's
Commandment
,
did
notwithstanding
prove
to
be
a
Person
of
high
Resolution
,
and
expert
in
Business
.
This
Walter
having
on
a
time
happen'd
to
fall
out
with
one
of
his
Companions
,
occasion'd
chiefly
by
the
other
's
reproaching
of
him
,
with
his
illegitimacy
,
and
calling
him
Bastard
;
he
became
so
enraged
thereat
,
that
he
flew
upon
him
,
and
slew
him
outright
:
But
bethinking
himself
immediately
of
what
he
had
done
,
with
the
great
danger
he
was
in
,
if
he
stay'd
any
longer
in
the
Country
,
he
resolv'd
to
flee
,
and
make
the
best
of
his
way
for
Scotland
,
his
Father
's
native
Country
;
where
he
had
not
long
arrived
,
but
he
happen'd
into
the
Company
of
some
English
Gentlemen
,
come
thither
to
attend
Queen
Margaret
,
Wife
to
Milcolm
,
King
of
Scotland
,
and
Sister
to
Edgar
Atheline
,
Kinsman
,
and
(
right
Heir
to
Edward
the
Confessor
)
and
behaved
himself
so
orderly
,
and
with
such
a
winning
Conversation
,
that
he
became
highly
esteem'd
of
them
.
This
by
degrees
made
way
for
him
to
attain
the
King's
favour
,
who
entertain'd
so
good
an
Opinion
of
him
,
that
when
in
some
time
after
,
Tumults
and
some
popular
Disorders
had
happen'd
in
the
parts
about
Galloway
,
and
the
adjacent
Islands
,
he
thought
fit
to
entrust
him
with
the
Care
of
that
Affair
;
and
Walter
was
so
successful
in
his
Enterprize
,
that
he
quickly
suppress'd
the
Disorders
,
slew
the
Captain
and
Ringleaders
of
those
Commotions
,
and
reduced
that
part
of
the
Country
into
a
very
good
Decorum
and
Order
.
I
do
not
find
the
King
ever
restor'd
him
to
the
Inheritance
of
his
Grandfather
Bancho
,
and
the
Thaneship
of
Lochquaber
;
but
however
it
was
,
he
was
so
far
satisfied
with
his
Conduct
,
and
so
fully
sensible
of
the
Service
he
had
done
him
,
that
he
bestowed
a
new
Dignity
upon
him
,
which
was
that
of
Steward
of
Scotland
.
This
was
an
English
term
,
and
the
English
frequenting
that
Kingdom
so
much
at
that
time
,
by
reason
of
their
Concourse
to
,
and
Attendance
upon
Queen
Margaret
,
together
with
some
other
concurring
Accidents
,
might
be
the
occasion
of
the
Introduction
of
it
.
It
was
no
doubt
a
considerable
power
he
was
entrusted
with
,
by
virtue
of
this
new
Office
,
but
I
do
not
think
it
much
different
,
as
to
the
nature
of
it
,
but
only
in
respect
to
its
extent
,
from
that
of
Thane
;
which
Term
and
Office
annext
to
it
,
because
so
often
mention'd
already
,
and
may
perhaps
more
hereafter
,
I
shall
endeavour
a
little
to
explicate
,
and
I
hope
the
Reader
will
think
it
no
impertinent
Digression
.
Thane
therefore
is
derived
by
some
from
the
old
Saxon
word
Thegn
,
which
cometh
of
Thenian
,
i.
e.
Ministrare
alicui
,
and
made
to
signifie
sometime
a
Nobleman
,
sometime
a
Freeman
;
another
while
a
Magistrate
,
and
sometime
an
Officer
or
Minister
;
thus
Mr.
Lambert
,
in
his
Exposition
of
Saxon
Words
,
interprets
it
;
Vavasour's
Explication
of
it
,
is
much
to
the
same
purpose
;
but
Skene
de
verborum
Significatione
,
saith
,
that
it
is
the
name
of
a
Dignity
,
and
appears
to
be
equal
with
the
Son
of
an
Earl
;
and
that
Thanus
was
a
Freeholder
,
holding
his
Lands
of
the
King
;
hence
Thanagium
Regis
signified
a
certain
part
of
the
King
's
,
or
property
,
whereof
the
Rule
and
Government
appertain●d
to
him
,
who
therefore
is
called
Thane
;
he
is
opinion
it
is
originally
a
Dutch
word
,
deduced
from
Teiner
,
a
Servant
,
and
Tein●●
to
serve
,
and
therefore
may
signifie
a
Servant
;
as
an
Vnderthane
does
an
inferiour
Thane
or
Subject
;
he
further
adds
,
that
when
a
Person
was
accused
of
Theft
,
but
not
in
the
Fang
,
(
that
is
,
as
we
say
,
with
the
manner
of
it
)
there
being
no
sufficient
proof
brought
against
him
,
he
was
oblig'd
to
purge
himself
by
the
Oath
of
seven
and
twenty
Men
,
and
of
three
Thanes
,
and
so
much
shall
suffice
concerning
the
name
and
office
of
Thane
.
To
return
therefore
to
our
designed
story
,
you
are
first
to
note
by
way
of
Recapitulation
the
bloody
Foundation
that
has
been
laid
here
,
Bancho
the
Grandfather
conspiring
with
Mackbeth
to
imbrue
his
Hands
in
the
innocent
Blood
of
Duncane
,
his
lawful
and
rightful
Prince
,
and
that
not
long
done
,
when
the
same
fate
attended
himself
,
and
that
by
the
contrivance
of
his
own
bloody
Associate
,
as
a
just
reward
of
his
Treason
:
Fleance
the
Son
,
upon
this
,
forced
to
flee
his
native
Country
;
there
ungratefully
defiling
that
Prince
his
Daughter
,
who
cherished
him
in
his
Bosom
,
but
now
as
a
Monster
of
Ingratitude
he
rid
his
Country
and
the
Earth
of
him
at
the
same
time
,
by
a
violent
and
tragical
Death
;
and
lastly
,
Walter
the
Grandson
,
but
base
born
,
was
forced
to
the
same
shift
,
as
his
Father
before
him
,
tho'
with
a
better
Fate
;
the
one
being
under
a
necessity
to
forsake
his
native
soil
,
to
avoid
being
barbarously
as
well
as
injuriously
murder'd
by
a
jealous-headed
Tyrant
,
but
the
other
to
shun
the
Justice
of
his
Country
,
that
cried
out
for
Vengeance
against
him
for
shedding
of
Blood
.
Walter
being
vested
in
the
high
Office
aforesaid
,
left
his
Title
and
Dignity
for
a
sirname
to
his
Family
ever
after
,
and
from
hence
forward
we
find
but
little
mention
either
of
him
,
or
his
Posterity
,
till
the
contest
between
the
Bruce's
and
Baliol's
about
the
Crown
of
Scotland
,
which
was
above
Two
Hundred
Years
after
;
We
shall
therefore
only
endeavour
to
give
you
the
Genealogy
,
down
to
the
said
time
,
that
our
History
may
appear
to
be
all
of
a
piece
,
and
void
of
Breaks
as
much
as
may
be
.
Walter
therefore
had
a
Son
,
named
Alane
,
who
,
as
they
say
,
follow'd
Godfrey
of
Bullogn
into
the
Holy
Land
,
in
the
Year
1099.
Alexander
was
his
Son
,
who
begat
Walter
Stuart
;
he
had
Issue
Alexander
,
whose
Son
was
John
,
the
Father
of
Walter
Stuart
,
that
marry'd
the
Daughter
of
King
Robert
Bruce
,
and
begat
on
her
Robert
Stuart
,
call'd
in
the
Scotch
Chronology
Robert
the
second
King
of
Scotland
,
but
he
was
the
first
Stuart
that
was
advanced
to
the
Throne
of
that
Kingdom
.
But
before
we
can
fairly
come
to
give
you
an
exact
Account
hereof
,
it
will
be
necessary
to
premise
a
short
Scheme
of
the
Contests
between
the
said
Baliol
and
Bruce
,
because
somewhat
interwoven
with
the
Affair
of
this
Family
.
Upon
the
disastrous
death
of
Alexander
the
Third
,
who
broke
his
Neck
as
he
was
gallopping
his
Horse
at
Kingcorn
,
over
the
West-clift
of
the
place
near
the
Sea-side
,
and
left
no
Issue
,
but
had
only
a
Grand-child
by
his
Daughter
in
Norway
,
very
young
,
and
who
died
soon
after
.
Scotland
fell
under
an
Interregnum
for
the
space
of
six
Years
and
nine
Months
,
as
Buchanan
computes
it
;
for
so
long
it
was
between
the
Death
of
Alexander
,
and
the
declaring
of
John
Baliol
,
King
of
Scotland
;
and
in
the
mean
time
you
may
be
sure
there
wanted
not
Pretensions
to
the
Crown
,
and
the
case
briefly
was
thus
:
William
,
King
of
Scotland
,
had
a
Brother
,
named
David
,
Earl
of
Huntington
,
and
great
Uncle
to
this
Alexander
the
III.
which
David
had
three
Daughters
;
Margaret
marry'd
to
Allan
,
Lord
of
Gallaway
,
Isabel
to
Robert
Bruce
,
Lord
Annadale
and
Cleveland
,
and
Adda
to
Henry
Hastings
,
Earl
of
Huntington
;
now
Allane
begat
on
his
Wife
Margaret
a
Daughter
,
named
Dornadilla
,
marry'd
in
process
of
time
to
John
Baliol
,
after
King
of
Scotland
,
and
two
other
Daughters
;
Bruce
by
his
Wife
Isabel
had
Robert
Bruce
,
Earl
of
Carrick
,
(
as
having
married
the
Inheritrix
thereof
;
)
but
as
for
Huntington
he
laid
no
manner
of
Claim
.
Now
the
question
was
whether
Baliol
in
right
of
the
eldest
Daughter
,
or
Robert
Bruce
,
being
descended
of
the
second
but
a
Male
,
should
have
the
Crown
,
he
being
in
the
same
Degree
,
and
of
the
more
worthy
Sex
.
The
Controversie
was
tossed
up
and
down
by
the
Governors
and
Nobles
of
the
Kingdom
for
a
long
time
;
but
at
last
,
upon
serious
deliberation
,
it
was
agreed
to
refer
the
whole
matter
to
the
decision
of
Edward
the
I.
King
of
England
,
which
he
was
not
a
little
glad
of
▪
For
resolving
to
fish
in
these
troubled
Waters
he
stirs
up
eight
Competitors
more
,
that
he
might
further
puzzle
the
Cause
,
and
at
length
with
twenty
four
Councellors
,
half
Scots
,
half
English
,
and
a
great
many
Lawyers
so
handled
the
Business
,
that
after
a
great
many
cunning
delays
he
secretly
tampers
with
Bruce
,
(
who
was
then
conceiv'd
to
have
the
better
Right
of
the
Business
)
that
if
he
would
acknowledge
to
hold
the
Crown
of
him
,
he
would
adjudge
it
in
favour
of
him
.
But
he
generously
answering
,
That
he
valued
a
Crown
at
a
less
rate
,
than
for
the
wearing
of
the
same
,
to
put
his
Country
under
a
Foreign
Yoke
.
Edward
turns
about
,
and
makes
the
same
motion
to
Baliol
,
who
did
not
stick
to
accept
of
it
.
Baliol
having
thus
gotten
a
Crown
,
as
unhappily
kept
it
;
for
he
was
no
sooner
invested
with
it
,
and
done
Homage
to
King
Edward
,
according
to
Agreement
,
but
the
Aberthenys
having
slain
Mackduff
,
Earl
of
Fife
,
he
not
only
pardon'd
them
the
Fact
,
but
gave
them
a
piece
of
Land
that
was
in
Controversie
between
them
:
Whereupon
Mucduff's
Brother
being
enraged
,
makes
a
Complaint
of
him
to
King
Edward
,
who
sent
for
him
,
used
him
so
,
that
he
made
him
rise
from
his
Seat
at
Parliament
,
and
go
to
the
Bar
,
and
answer
for
himself
.
He
hereupon
was
so
enraged
at
this
manner
of
Usage
,
that
when
King
Edward
sent
to
him
for
Assistance
against
the
French
,
he
absolutely
refused
it
,
and
proceeded
so
far
as
to
renounce
his
Homage
to
him
:
This
incensed
King
Edward
to
the
quick
,
and
so
with
an
armed
Power
he
hastens
to
Berwick
,
where
he
routed
the
Scots
,
took
and
kill'd
to
the
number
of
Seven
Thousand
of
them
;
among
them
,
most
of
the
Nobility
of
Fife
and
Lowthian
,
and
some
time
after
gave
them
also
a
great
Overthrow
at
Dunbar
,
which
occasion'd
the
immediate
surrender
of
the
Castle
of
the
said
place
into
his
Hands
.
After
this
he
marches
to
Montross
,
where
Baliol
was
brought
to
resign
up
both
himself
and
his
Crown
to
King
Edward
,
all
the
Scotch
Nobility
at
the
same
time
doing
him
Homage
:
The
Consequence
whereof
was
that
,
Baliol
was
sent
Prisoner
to
London
,
and
from
thence
,
after
a
Years
detention
,
into
France
.
But
while
Edward
was
possess'd
of
all
Scotland
,
one
William
Wallace
arose
;
who
,
tho'
but
a
private
Man
,
bestirred
himself
in
the
publick
Calamity
of
his
Country
,
and
gave
the
English
several
notable
Foyls
;
This
brought
King
Edward
into
Scotland
again
with
an
Army
,
and
falling
upon
Wallace
,
routs
him
(
who
was
overcome
with
Emulation
and
Envy
from
his
Countrymen
,
as
well
as
power
from
the
Enemy
)
upon
which
he
laid
by
his
Command
,
and
never
acted
after
but
by
slight
Incursions
;
but
the
English
Army
after
this
being
beaten
at
Roslin
,
Edward
comes
in
again
,
and
takes
Sterling
,
and
makes
them
all
render
him
Homage
.
Robert
Bruce
,
Son
to
the
foresaid
Bruce
,
that
contested
with
Baliol
for
the
Crown
,
was
in
King
Edward's
Court
,
and
him
the
King
had
often
promised
to
put
in
possession
of
the
Crown
;
But
Bruce
finding
at
last
that
all
his
promises
were
illusory
,
and
nothing
but
smoak
;
he
enters
into
a
Confederacy
with
John
Cummin
,
sirnamed
the
Red
,
how
he
might
get
the
Kingdom
;
but
being
basely
betray'd
by
him
to
King
Edward
,
he
had
much
ado
to
make
his
escape
;
and
when
he
was
got
into
Scotland
,
the
first
thing
he
did
was
to
stab
Cummin
at
Drum●reis
,
and
then
got
himself
Crown'd
King
at
Scone
:
Never
did
any
Man
come
with
greater
disadvantage
to
the
possession
of
a
Crown
,
or
underwent
greater
Hardships
for
the
sake
of
it
.
He
was
beaten
over
and
over
by
King
Edward's
Troops
,
forced
to
flee
to
the
Highlands
with
one
Companion
or
two
,
and
to
lurk
in
the
Mountains
in
great
misery
,
as
if
he
had
been
rather
a
Beast
of
prey
than
a
rational
Creature
.
And
while
he
was
in
this
miserable
State
,
it
is
storied
of
him
by
Fourdon
,
That
being
in
a
Morning
,
lying
down
on
his
Bed
,
in
a
little
Cottage
,
whither
he
was
glad
to
retire
,
and
make
the
same
his
Pallace
;
he
espies
a
Spider
striving
to
climb
up
into
her
Web
,
which
she
had
spun
to
the
roof
of
the
House
;
but
failing
of
her
purpose
the
first
time
,
she
attempts
it
the
second
and
third
time
,
and
so
on
to
the
sixth
and
last
,
wherein
she
accomplishes
it
,
and
gets
in
;
the
King
,
who
(
as
well
as
his
Companion
)
had
all
the
while
view'd
the
Action
,
said
;
Now
let
's
get
up
,
and
hasten
to
the
Lowlands
,
to
try
our
Fortunes
once
more
;
we
have
attempted
it
in
five
rencounters
already
,
and
fail'd
,
but
in
the
sixth
we
shall
prevail
:
and
so
having
gather'd
some
Force
together
,
he
advanced
towards
Sterling
,
where
he
gave
Edward
the
II.
who
was
then
King
of
England
,
such
a
Defeat
,
as
Scotland
never
gave
the
like
to
our
Nation
,
and
so
continued
War
with
various
Fortune
with
Edward
the
III.
till
at
last
Age
and
Leprosie
brought
him
to
his
Grave
.
But
some
time
before
his
Death
he
got
the
Crown
settled
upon
his
Son
David
,
then
a
Child
,
and
for
want
of
his
having
Issue
,
upon
Robert
Stuart
,
his
Sister's
Son
,
and
this
by
Act
of
Parliament
,
and
the
Nobles
sware
to
it
accordingly
.
His
Son
David
,
of
between
eight
and
nine
Years
old
,
inherited
that
which
he
had
with
so
much
Difficulty
and
Danger
obtain'd
,
and
wisdom
kept
.
He
was
in
his
Minority
govern'd
by
Thomas
Randolf
,
Earl
of
Murrey
,
whose
severity
in
punishing
was
no
less
dreaded
than
his
Valour
had
been
honoured
;
but
he
soon
after
dying
of
Poyson
,
and
Edward
Baliol
,
the
Son
of
John
,
coming
with
a
Fleet
,
and
being
strengthned
with
the
assistance
of
the
English
,
and
some
Robbers
;
the
Governor
,
the
Earl
of
Mar
,
was
put
to
the
Rout
▪
so
that
Baliol
makes
himself
King
,
and
David
was
glad
to
retire
into
France
:
Amidst
these
Parties
(
Edward
the
III.
backing
of
Baliol
)
Scotland
was
pitifully
torn
,
and
the
Bruces
in
a
manner
extinguished
;
till
Robert
Stuart
,
afterward
King
of
Scotland
,
with
the
Men
of
Argyle
,
and
his
own
Friends
and
Family
,
began
to
renew
the
claim
;
and
brought
the
Matter
into
a
War
again
,
which
was
carry'd
on
by
Andrew
Murray
,
the
Governor
,
and
afterward
by
himself
;
so
that
David
,
after
nine
Years
Exile
,
adventured
to
return
,
where
,
making
frequent
Incursions
,
he
did
at
length
in
the
fourth
year
after
his
Return
,
march
into
England
,
and
in
the
Bishoprick
of
Durham
was
routed
,
and
fled
to
an
obscure
Bridge
,
shewed
by
the
Inhabitants
to
this
day
,
where
he
was
taken
Prisoner
by
John
Copeland
,
and
continued
so
for
the
space
of
eleven
Years
.
Soon
after
his
Releasment
and
Return
home
,
he
calls
a
Parliament
,
wherein
he
enacted
several
Laws
for
the
punishment
of
such
as
had
fled
from
him
at
the
Battle
of
Durham
,
and
more
particularly
levelling
at
Robert
Stuart
,
as
being
one
of
them
,
who
had
been
the
Cause
of
that
great
Overthrow
.
He
got
that
Act
,
passed
in
his
Father's
time
,
whereby
the
Crown
was
appointed
,
for
want
of
Issue
of
his
Body
,
lawfully
begotten
,
to
descend
to
the
said
Robert
Stuart
,
to
be
repeal'd
;
and
John
Southerland
,
Son
to
Jane
,
his
youngest
Sister
,
made
Heir
apparent
in
his
stead
;
and
the
Nobility
swore
to
the
observance
of
the
said
Law
.
This
made
the
Earl
of
Southerland
so
confident
of
the
matter
,
that
he
gave
almost
all
his
Lands
away
among
his
Friends
and
Acquaintance
;
But
alas
,
he
was
wretchedly
mistaken
,
for
his
Son
being
afterwards
one
of
those
,
sent
as
Hostages
into
England
,
for
the
security
of
the
payment
of
King
David's
Ransom
,
he
died
there
of
the
Plague
;
and
Robert
Stuart
attain'd
the
King's
Favour
again
,
and
succeeded
as
Heir
to
the
Crown
,
being
the
first
of
the
Name
of
the
Stuarts
that
ever
sway'd
a
Scepter
.
But
things
did
not
go
on
so
smoothly
with
Robert
Stuart
upon
the
Death
of
Southerland
,
his
Competitor
first
,
Robert
Stuart
,
by
the
Name
of
Robert
II.
tho'
the
first
of
the
Stuarts
,
was
crowned
King
of
Scotland
,
Mar.
25.
Anno
Dom.
1370
and
of
King
David
afterward
;
but
that
he
met
with
another
Rub
in
his
way
from
William
,
Earl
of
Dowglas
;
who
,
when
the
Lords
were
assembled
at
Lithguo
about
the
Succession
,
came
thither
with
a
great
Power
;
and
urged
,
he
ought
to
be
preferr'd
before
Stuart
,
as
being
descended
from
the
Baliols
and
Cummins
.
But
finding
at
length
that
his
own
Friends
,
and
particularly
the
Earls
of
March
and
Murray
,
his
Brethren
,
with
the
Lord
Erskein
,
who
all
three
were
in
great
power
,
as
being
Governors
,
one
of
Dunbritton
,
another
of
Sterling
,
and
the
third
of
Edinburg
,
opposed
him
;
he
thought
it
most
advisable
to
desist
from
his
Claim
:
And
so
Robert
Stuart
was
Crown'd
at
Scone
on
Lady-day
,
in
the
Year
1370.
being
the
47th
.
Year
of
his
Age.
But
,
that
Dowglas
might
be
a
little
soothed
up
under
his
present
Disappointment
,
and
kept
from
disturbing
the
common
Tranquillity
,
the
King
bestows
Euphemia
,
his
eldest
Daughter
,
in
Marriage
,
upon
him
.
Whether
it
were
thro'
an
advanced
Age
,
or
Sloth
,
we
find
he
did
but
little
since
his
Accession
to
the
Crown
,
but
his
Lieutenants
and
the
English
were
perpetually
in
action
during
the
course
of
his
Reign
,
which
was
according
to
Buchanan
nineteen
Years
,
and
four
and
twenty
Days
.
And
tho'
it's
true
,
we
do
not
find
his
Death
to
have
been
violent
,
or
any
ways
accelerated
by
Grief
of
Heart
,
but
natural
in
an
old
age
,
having
lived
seventy-four
Years
;
yet
surely
he
laid
the
Foundation
for
the
many
Parricides
,
Fratricides
,
and
other
dreadful
Calamities
that
befel
his
Posterity
in
a
very
great
measure
,
by
preferring
his
Illegitimate
Children
by
Elizabeth
Moor
,
his
Concubine
,
before
those
he
had
lawfully
begotten
on
Euphemia
Ross
,
his
Wife
:
And
the
Case
was
briefly
thus
.
At
the
time
of
his
attaining
the
Crown
,
the
foresaid
Euphemia
,
Daughter
to
Hugh
,
Earl
of
Ross
,
was
his
lawful
Wife
,
by
whom
he
had
two
Sons
,
Walter
,
afterward
created
Earl
of
Atholl
,
and
David
,
Earl
of
Strathern
;
but
before
he
was
married
he
kept
one
Elizabeth
Mure
,
(
for
so
the
Scotch
write
the
Name
)
as
his
Concubine
,
and
had
by
her
three
Sons
,
John
,
Earl
of
Carrick
;
Robert
,
Earl
of
Ment●ith
and
Fife
;
and
Alexander
,
Earl
of
Buchan
,
with
several
Daughters
:
Now
Queen
Euphemia
departed
this
Life
three
Years
after
her
Husband
became
King
,
who
forthwith
marry'd
Elizabeth
Mure
,
his
old
Paramour
,
either
to
legitimate
the
Children
he
had
by
her
(
which
it
seems
was
the
manner
in
those
days
)
or
else
for
old
acquaintance
;
her
Husband
Gifford
(
for
you
must
know
he
had
got
her
matched
to
cover
her
shame
)
dying
,
about
the
same
time
,
as
the
Queen
had
done
.
This
step
drew
on
another
,
and
there
was
no
stoping
now
,
but
the
Children
formerly
begotten
on
this
Woman
in
Adultery
must
have
the
Crown
entailed
upon
them
by
Parliament
,
in
prejudice
to
the
other
two
,
who
by
any
thing
that
appears
in
History
,
were
finer
Gentlemen
and
fitter
,
as
they
had
a
juster
Claim
to
govern
,
then
either
of
these
.
I
know
the
Lord
Viscount
Tarbert
in
a
late
Pamphlet
,
has
taken
upon
him
to
vindicate
the
Legitimacy
of
Moor's
Children
,
against
all
the
Authority
of
the
Scotch
Historians
,
who
lived
at
or
near
those
times
,
and
ever
since
;
who
could
not
be
ignorant
of
so
material
a
thing
as
this
,
and
to
this
end
he
Cites
several
Records
.
It
's
not
my
business
to
answer
his
allegations
,
but
I
am
sure
the
Records
would
never
have
named
John
that
afterwards
succeeded
,
Tanquam
haeres
,
if
he
had
been
true
and
undoubted
Heir
:
And
so
I
leave
any
one
to
judge
,
if
the
Records
do
not
thereby
make
much
more
against
his
Legitimacy
than
it
does
for
it
;
But
right
or
wrong
the
Sluts
Will
must
be
gratified
,
and
so
John
succeeds
his
Father
in
the
Scottish
Kingdom
,
but
not
by
the
name
of
John
,
for
that
forsooth
was
ominous
,
for
John
King
of
France
was
a
Prisoner
in
England
,
but
by
the
name
of
Robert
:
It
's
true
there
is
no
great
matter
in
the
thing
it self
,
either
one
way
or
other
;
for
an
Alias
,
or
a
double
name
cannot
prejudice
an
honest
and
vertuous
Man
,
and
when
Judge
Catiline
took
exception
at
one
in
this
respect
;
saying
,
that
no
honest
Man
had
a
double
name
,
and
came
in
with
an
Alias
;
the
party
asked
him
,
what
exception
his
Lordship
could
take
to
Jesus
Christ
,
Alias
,
Jesus
of
Nazareth
.
Alias
,
John
Stuart
,
began
his
Reign
,
An.
Dom.
1390.
The
Father
was
scarce
well
cold
in
his
Grave
,
or
the
Son
warm
in
his
Throne
,
but
his
Progeny
begot
by
him
in
the
heat
of
his
Blood
,
began
in
their
Stations
to
act
their
Tragical
part
.
This
King
in
his
Fathers
life-time
had
the
misfortune
to
be
kicked
on
the
Leg
by
an
Horse
of
Sir
James
Douglass
of
Dalkeith
,
and
so
lamed
his
Body
,
as
he
was
lame
in
his
Intellectuals
,
being
a
dull
stupid
Man
and
unfit
to
Govern
;
insomuch
that
he
had
but
the
name
of
King
,
the
whole
Administration
being
lodged
in
his
Brother
Robert
,
Earl
of
Fife
,
who
did
what
he
pleased
with
him
and
his
,
as
you
'll
see
by
and
by
:
Alexander
the
youngest
brother
and
Earl
of
Buchan
,
a
Man
of
a
Fierce
Nature
,
could
not
long
contain
it
,
but
he
begins
to
disturb
the
Government
of
his
Brethren
,
upon
a
slight
displeasure
conceived
against
the
Bishop
of
Murray
;
and
seeing
he
could
find
no
opportunity
to
kill
him
,
he
revengfully
sets
fire
to
the
Cathedral
Church
,
which
was
the
stateliest
Pile
of
Building
in
all
the
North
of
Scotland
.
A
Son
he
had
,
whose
name
was
Duncane
or
Dunach
,
ten
times
more
profligate
,
if
it
were
possible
than
himself
,
and
guilty
of
the
basest
and
most
degenerous
actions
.
He
upon
the
death
of
his
Grand-father
lets
the
Reins
loose
,
and
supposing
now
there
was
room
for
Rapine
and
Villany
,
Heads
a
strong
band
of
Thiefs
,
and
comes
down
to
the
Country
of
Angus
,
spoils
and
ravages
the
Country
,
as
if
he
had
been
a
professed
Enemy
;
and
being
elevated
by
some
petty
success
they
had
against
Walter
Ogilby
,
and
Walter
Lichton
who
opposed
them
;
they
proceeded
to
perpetrate
greater
Villanies
than
before
,
till
at
last
being
dispersed
by
the
Earl
of
Crawford
,
many
of
them
were
persued
and
slain
,
and
the
rest
taken
and
suffered
condign
Punishment
.
King
Robert
,
had
now
Governed
by
his
Governour
,
for
the
space
of
Light
Years
,
when
a
Parliament
was
held
at
Perth
;
wherein
to
manifest
his
Favour
,
he
made
his
Eldest
Son
David
,
who
was
then
Eighteen
Years
of
Age
,
Duke
of
Rothsay
,
and
his
Brother
the
Governour
,
Duke
of
Albany
;
Virgin
Titles
,
that
till
this
time
had
been
unknown
in
Scotland
,
saith
Buchanan
,
and
which
boded
no
good
success
to
the
Masters
of
them
,
but
generally
proved
very
ominous
.
About
some
three
years
after
dyed
Queen
Annabella
,
and
Walter
Tralie
Archbishop
of
St.
Andrew's
,
the
one
while
he
lived
keeping
up
the
Ecclesiastical
Discipline
in
the
Church
,
and
the
other
the
Dignity
of
the
Court
,
so
that
the
death
of
two
such
useful
and
Illustrious
Persons
ushered
in
great
Calamities
in
the
Land
;
and
such
a
Tragedy
as
can
sca●ce
be
met
with
in
the
Records
of
Time
.
The
Queen
in
her
life-time
had
had
a
particular
eye
over
,
and
care
of
the
Education
of
her
Son
David
,
Duke
of
Rothsay
,
and
by
a
severe
Discipline
restrained
his
boisterous
and
untoward
nature
in
a
great
measure
;
But
now
the
check
was
taken
off
,
he
gave
himself
over
to
all
manner
of
licentiousness
.
His
Fathers
indulgence
to
him
proved
an
incitative
to
his
Lust
,
and
lack
of
Authority
despoiled
him
of
that
Reverence
that
should
have
been
paid
unto
him
▪
and
made
his
admonitions
of
none
effect
;
So
that
at
last
he
grew
to
that
height
of
outrageousness
and
impiety
,
that
laying
aside
all
manner
of
fear
and
shame
,
he
made
it
his
business
to
defile
mens
Wives
,
d●flower
Virgins
,
Nuns
and
all
other
kind
of
Women
;
and
where
he
found
opposition
,
he
made
use
of
Force
and
Violence
.
These
Tragedies
could
not
go
long
undiscovered
,
and
therefore
several
complaints
were
prefered
against
him
to
his
Father
;
who
at
last
perceiving
it
beyond
his
power
to
restrain
those
exorbitant
Courses
,
and
that
such
violations
would
unavoidably
bring
both
Father
and
Son
to
utmost
Contempt
,
and
might
have
a
very
bad
Consequence
to
attend
them
;
he
Writes
to
his
Brother
the
Governour
,
and
now
Duke
of
Albany
,
to
take
the
young
Man
into
his
own
governance
and
keeping
,
till
such
time
and
in
expectation
he
should
be
reclaimed
and
brought
to
a
better
temper
.
This
was
that
which
the
Governour
for
a
long
time
had
lacked
,
as
thinking
if
he
were
once
taken
out
of
the
way
,
his
passage
to
the
Crown
might
in
time
be
made
smooth
and
easie
(
and
therefore
leaves
no
stone
unturned
to
get
him
into
his
bloody
Clutches
)
at
last
he
contrived
the
matter
so
,
that
he
seized
him
upon
the
Road
near
St.
Andrew's
,
and
conveyed
him
to
the
Castle
of
the
said
place
,
which
he
had
taken
into
his
own
hands
upon
the
death
of
the
Bishop
a
little
before
,
under
pretence
of
securing
of
it
;
and
in
a
short
time
after
removed
him
thence
,
into
his
own
Castle
of
Falkland
,
making
him
there
a
close
Prisoner
:
And
now
resolved
he
was
to
be
rid
of
him
,
and
he
could
think
of
no
method
more
expedient
to
effect
his
devilish
design
than
by
starving
of
him
;
But
that
life
which
the
barbarous
cruelty
of
the
Unkle
had
destined
for
a
most
miserable
death
,
the
compassion
of
two
young
Women
prolonged
for
a
time
:
One
of
them
was
daughter
to
the
Governour
of
the
Castle
,
and
who
had
the
charge
of
the
young
Duke
,
who
as
often
as
she
had
an
opportunity
to
go
into
the
Gardens
adjacent
to
the
Castle
,
did
put
into
him
some
oaten
Cake
folded
up
in
a
Vail
which
she
carelesly
wore
on
her
head
to
keep
off
the
Sun
,
through
a
small
chink
rather
than
a
Window
:
The
other
was
a
poor
Nurse
,
who
through
a
long
Read
fed
him
with
the
Milk
from
her
own
Breasts
.
When
the
young
Man's
Punishment
as
well
as
his
Life
had
by
this
hard
shift
been
for
some
days
prolonged
,
which
rather
served
for
the
increasing
than
allaying
of
his
hunger
;
the
Women
were
at
last
discovered
by
the
Spies
they
had
every
where
about
them
,
and
were
both
villanously
put
to
death
,
the
Father
shewing
as
much
unhumane
cruelty
towards
his
daughter
,
as
she
had
shewn
mercy
to
his
Royal
Prisoner
,
bitterly
cursing
her
perfidy
(
as
he
called
it
)
as
endeavouring
thereby
to
shew
himself
faithful
to
a
faithless
Brother
,
Unkle
and
Governour
.
The
young
Man
being
thus
deprived
of
all
humane
relief
,
was
constrain'd
through
the
violence
of
hunger
,
not
only
to
eat
all
such
filth
as
he
could
find
within
his
Prison
,
but
at
last
to
set
upon
his
own
flesh
,
and
to
gnaw
off
his
own
Fingers
,
and
so
ended
his
wretched
life
,
and
died
,
as
I
may
say
a
double
Death
:
This
barbarous
act
needs
no
Comment
,
it
bespeaks
Villany
to
the
height
in
every
part
of
it
.
Some
time
elapsed
before
this
dreadful
news
of
the
Prince's
death
came
to
the
Ears
of
the
King
,
none
adventuring
to
be
the
sad
Messenger
unto
him
,
of
that
which
almost
all
knew
off
;
but
when
he
was
advertised
of
it
,
and
had
also
some
secret
intimations
given
him
,
his
Brother
had
had
a
deep
,
if
not
the
sole
hand
in
it
(
for
none
durst
accuse
so
great
a
Man
openly
)
he
grew
very
sad
and
melancholy
thereupon
;
and
the
rather
,
in
that
he
had
not
power
to
take
Vengeance
upon
him
,
for
the
perpetrating
of
so
barbarous
a
deed
,
and
for
doing
him
so
unretrievable
an
injury
:
However
to
make
some
semblance
of
Kingly
Authority
,
he
sends
for
the
Duke
his
Brother
to
come
to
him
,
at
leastwise
to
expostulate
with
him
about
the
fact
.
The
Duke
who
knew
the
purport
of
the
message
as
well
as
himself
,
frames
a
fair
and
specious
story
to
excuse
himself
,
as
tho
he
were
as
innocent
of
the
fact
as
the
Child
Unborn
;
And
for
a
farther
proof
of
it
,
urges
his
care
to
seek
out
the
Perpetrators
of
that
horrid
deed
,
and
that
he
had
now
at
length
made
so
far
a
progress
in
the
matter
;
that
he
did
not
doubt
but
if
the
King
would
be
pleased
to
come
to
Edenburgh
,
he
should
be
able
to
bring
in
all
the
Offenders
.
The
King
who
was
then
at
a
place
called
Bute
,
where
for
the
most
part
he
ever
resided
,
tho
he
was
very
unfit
to
travel
upon
many
accounts
,
and
especially
by
reason
of
a
tedious
fit
of
sickness
he
had
laboured
under
;
yet
so
great
and
eager
a
desire
he
had
to
see
his
Son's
death
punished
,
that
he
made
a
hard
shift
to
get
in
a
Chariot
into
Edenburgh
.
When
he
was
come
thither
,
the
Governour
convenes
the
Council
,
and
orders
the
parties
accused
to
be
brought
before
them
the
King
himself
being
also
present
.
The
Accusers
,
as
the
Duke
(
who
was
rather
the
guilty
person
,
had
before
contrived
it
)
stoutly
charge
them
with
the
fact
.
The
King
after
he
had
imprecated
Vengeance
from
Heaven
,
and
the
most
dreadful
Curses
upon
them
and
their
Posterity
,
who
had
perpetrated
so
horrid
an
act
,
being
over-prest
with
sorrow
and
infirfirmity
of
Body
,
returns
to
Bute
,
from
whence
he
came
.
The
Duke
that
he
might
colour
the
matter
as
much
as
might
be
,
brings
the
supposed
Criminals
to
their
Tryals
,
and
by
corrupt
Judges
(
such
as
the
Duke
had
provided
for
that
purpose
)
were
Condemned
as
guilty
of
his
Murder
,
whom
in
all
their
life
time
they
had
never
seen
.
Tho
this
matter
wa●
managed
on
the
part
of
the
Governor
with
all
the
Fineness
and
Address
imaginable
,
yet
the
King
was
not
so
satisfied
in
his
Mind
,
but
that
he
retain'd
still
a
great
suspition
of
the
Duke's
having
an
Hand
in
his
Son●s
Death
.
But
forasmuch
as
he
well
knew
that
the
Duke
had
all
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
under
his
Obeisance
,
partly
by
Policy
,
and
partly
by
virtue
of
his
Office
of
Governour
,
he
durst
not
shew
his
resentment
,
nor
attempt
to
call
him
to
an
account
for
it
;
but
was
rather
afraid
on
the
other
hand
,
lest
having
ambitious
Desires
to
possess
himself
of
the
Crown
,
he
would
also
make
it
his
Business
to
procure
the
death
of
his
second
Son
James
,
and
by
that
means
take
off
the
only
Rub
in
his
way
.
The
King
,
I
say
,
being
thus
sollicitous
in
Mind
about
securing
that
to
his
Posterity
which
his
unnatural
Brother
was
intent
to
deprive
them
of
,
consults
with
Walter
Wardlaw
,
Arch-bishop
of
St.
Andrews
about
his
Son's
Security
.
After
serious
deliberation
they
at
last
conclude
it
was
no
ways
safe
for
Prince
James
to
remain
in
Scotland
,
and
therefore
he
resolved
to
send
him
over
into
France
to
Charles
the
VI.
an
old
Allie
,
and
real
Friend
to
the
Scotish
Nation
,
knowing
he
could
no
where
be
more
safely
and
liberally
educated
than
there
:
But
considering
the
uncertain
vicissitude
of
Humane
things
,
and
that
no
Precautions
for
his
future
Security
might
be
wanting
,
the
King
delivers
his
Son
a
Letter
,
written
to
the
King
of
England
in
his
Behalf
,
if
it
should
be
his
hard
Fortune
to
fall
into
the
Hands
of
the
English
.
The
King
,
in
pursuance
to
the
said
Resolution
orders
all
things
to
be
got
in
a
readiness
,
for
his
Passage
,
and
appointed
Henry
Sinclear
,
Earl
of
Orkney
,
to
take
care
for
the
safe
Conveyance
of
him
.
They
took
Shipping
at
the
Bass
,
and
so
shear'd
their
Course
for
the
French
Shoar
;
but
when
they
were
got
as
far
as
Flamborough-Head
,
they
were
,
as
some
say
,
taken
by
the
English
,
who
had
heard
of
their
sailing
,
and
laid
in
wait
,
to
intercept
them
:
But
others
write
,
that
the
Prince
finding
himself
extreamly
Sea-sick
,
and
not
able
to
endure
it
,
desired
he
might
be
put
on
Shoar
there
,
and
so
was
taken
into
Custody
,
and
carry'd
up
to
the
English
Court
;
but
however
it
happened
,
taken
he
was
,
in
the
ninth
Year
of
his
Age
,
Anno
1406.
Henry
IV.
was
then
King
of
England
,
to
whose
Presence
,
when
the
Prince
was
come
,
he
deliver'd
him
his
Father's
Letter
;
which
,
because
of
the
rarity
of
it
,
as
being
written
in
the
Scotish
Dialect
of
those
times
,
we
have
thought
fit
to
insert
,
and
is
as
followeth
.
Robert
,
King
of
Scots
,
to
Henry
,
King
of
England
,
Greeting
.
THY
great
Magnificence
,
Humility
and
Justice
,
are
right
patent
to
us
by
thy
Governance
of
thy
last
Army
in
Scotland
,
howbeit
,
sike
things
had
been
uncertein
to
us
afore
;
for
tho'
thou
seemed
as
Enemie
with
most
awful
Incursions
in
our
Realme
;
Ȝit
we
found
mair
Humanities
and
Plaisures
than
Damage
(
by
thy
cumming
)
to
our
Subdities
,
speciallie
to
yame
that
receivit
thy
noble
Fader
the
Duke
of
Longcastle
,
the
time
of
his
Exile
in
Scotland
,
we
may
not
c●is
your
fare
,
while
we
are
on
life
,
but
I
yl
layf
and
loif
thee
us
maist
noble
and
woarthy
Prince
,
to
joys
thy
Realme
;
for
yocht
Realmes
and
Nations
contend
among
themself
for
Con●uests
of
Glory
and
Launds
,
Ȝit
na
accasioun
is
amang
us
to
invade
other
Realmes
or
Lieges
with
Injuries
,
but
erar
to
contend
amang
our self
,
●uhay
shall
perseue
other
with
maist
humanitee
and
kindness
.
As
to
us
we
will
meis
all
occasion
of
battell
,
quare
any
occurres
at
thy
pleasure
:
Farther
,
bycause
we
have
no
lesse
sollicitude
in
preserving
our
Children
fra
certein
deidley
Enemies
,
than
had
some
time
thy
noble
Fader
,
we
are
constreined
〈◊〉
seek
Support
at
uncowth
Princes
Hand●
Howbeit
,
the
invasioun
of
Enemies
is
sa
great
,
that
small
defense
o●urres
against
yame
,
●ithaut
they
be
preserved
by
Amitie
of
nobill
Men.
For
the
World
is
sa
full
of
perversit
malice
,
that
na
crueltie
nor
offence
may
be
devisit
in
erd
,
bot
the
samme
may
be
wroucht
be
motion
of
gold
or
silver
.
Heirfore
,
because
we
knaw
thy
Hyness
full
of
Monie
,
nobill
Vertue●
,
with
sike
Puissance
and
Riches
,
that
na
Prince
in
our
daies
may
be
compared
thairto
,
we
desire
thy
Humanity
and
Support
at
this
time
.
We
traist
it
is
not
unknowen
to
thy
Majesty
,
how
our
eldest
Son
David
is
slain
miserablie
in
Prisoun
by
our
Brother
,
the
Duke
of
Albanie
,
quhome
we
chesit
to
be
Governor
(
quan
we
were
fallen
into
decrepit
age
)
to
our
Subdittes
and
Realme
,
beseekaund
thy
hieness
thairfore
to
be
sa
favarable
,
that
this
Bearer
James
,
our
second
and
allanerlie
Son
,
may
have
to
liefe
under
thy
Fayth
and
Justice
,
to
be
some
memory
of
owr
Posterity
,
knuwaund
the
unstable
Condition
of
mans
life
sa
sodanlie
altered
:
Now
flurisaund
an
sodenlie
falling
to
utter
consumption
.
Forthir
,
beliefe
well
quhan
Kings
and
Princes
hes
na
other
beild
bot
in
thair
owin
folkes
,
thair
Empireis
,
caduke
and
fragill
,
for
the
minds
of
common
People
are
evir
slowaund
and
mair
inconstant
than
wind
.
Ȝit
quhen
Princes
are
robarat
,
be
amited
of
othir
uncowth
Kings
thair
brathir
and
neighbowris
,
na
adversitie
may
occure
to
eject
thaim
fra
thair
dignitie
viall
.
Forthir
,
gif
thy
hieness
thinke
nocht
expedient
(
as
Gad
forbeid
)
to
obtemper
to
thir
owr
desires
,
ȝit
we
request
any
thing
quhilk
was
ratisijt
in
owr
last
trewes
and
conditioun
of
Peace
,
that
the
supplicatioun
made
be
ony
of
the
two
Kings
of
Ingland
and
Scotland
sall
staund
in
manner
of
saufe
conduct
to
the
Bearer
.
And
thus
we
desire
to
be
observat
to
this
owr
allanerlie
Sonne
,
and
the
gracious
God
conserve
,
thee
maist
nobill
Prince
.
When
King
Henry
had
read
this
Letter
,
he
deliberated
with
his
Council
what
was
most
expedient
for
him
to
do
upon
this
occasion
,
at
last
considering
there
were
divers
English
Rebels
harbour'd
in
Scotland
,
he
resolved
to
keep
Prince
James
as
his
Prisoner
;
but
yet
in
such
Honourable
State
,
that
he
could
not
have
met
with
such
Treatment
and
Advantages
of
a
Princely
and
Liberal
Education
in
his
own
native
Country
.
The
immature
and
violent
Death
of
Prince
David
,
as
has
been
already
noted
,
had
sunk
King
Robert's
Spirits
very
low
;
but
when
the
dreadful
News
of
Prince
James
,
being
made
Prisoner
in
England
,
reached
his
Ears
,
which
was
as
he
sat
at
Supper
,
he
had
like
to
have
died
in
the
Arms
of
the
Standers
by
;
his
Heart
was
so
overpower'd
with
Grief
and
Melancholy
,
as
to
admit
of
no
manner
of
Consolation
;
exclaiming
against
his
hard
Fortune
,
in
marrying
a
Woman
of
so
mean
a
degree
,
to
the
disparagment
of
his
Blood
,
as
was
Queen
Annabel
,
by
whom
he
had
these
Sons
,
which
,
as
he
took
it
,
was
the
only
Cause
why
Forreign
Princes
,
as
well
as
his
own
Subjects
,
had
him
thus
so
much
in
Contempt
.
So
being
carried
into
his
Chamber
,
what
with
wilful
Abstinence
and
violent
Sorrow
,
he
died
in
three
Days
after
,
having
reign'd
about
sixteen
Years
,
Anno
Dom.
1408.
A
Man
he
was
of
a
mighty
stature
,
but
had
not
an
Heart
proportionable
to
his
Bulk
,
as
appears
manifestly
by
the
Circumstances
of
his
Death
;
which
tho'
not
procur'd
by
violent
Hands
,
yet
was
sufficiently
tragical
,
and
herein
discover'd
himself
to
be
far
from
the
Temper
Senecca
speaks
of
,
Nihil
tam
acerbum
est
in
quo
non
aquus
animus
sol●tium
inveniat
.
The
Death
of
King
Robert
introduced
an
Interregnum
in
Scotland
for
the
space
of
near
Eighteen
Years
,
for
so
long
a
time
was
James
detain'd
a
Prisoner
in
England
,
and
there
was
no
way
left
but
to
confirm
the
old
Governor
in
his
Station
again
,
who
held
it
for
the
space
of
fifteen
Years
longer
,
and
at
length
died
a
natural
Death
:
but
't
is
strange
he
should
,
that
had
been
so
unnatural
to
his
own
Nephew
,
by
famishing
him
to
Death
,
and
done
so
many
barbarous
actions
,
for
to
clear
himself
,
and
to
palliate
his
horrid
Fact
.
He
was
succeeded
in
his
Estate
and
Honours
,
by
Mordo
,
his
eldest
Son
,
who
was
also
chosen
Governor
of
the
Kingdom
;
a
Man
,
full
of
Repugnant
Vices
,
and
so
unfit
for
the
management
of
that
high
Office
,
he
was
entrusted
with
,
that
he
was
not
capable
to
rule
his
own
Family
:
He
had
three
Sons
,
Walter
,
James
,
and
Alexander
,
who
abusing
the
Lenity
and
Foolish
Indulgence
of
their
Father
,
and
playing
many
Outragious
Tric●s
,
to
the
Offence
and
Prejudice
of
many
;
and
one
of
them
at
length
being
displeased
with
his
Father
,
in
that
he
would
not
give
him
a
Falcon
he
had
for
a
long
time
greatly
desired
;
he
stept
unto
him
,
and
audaciously
plucking
the
Bird
from
off
his
Father's
Fist
,
wrung
his
Neck
from
his
Body
before
his
Face
;
whereupon
,
the
Father
being
somewhat
enraged
with
such
presumptuous
Doings
of
his
Son
,
said
;
Walter
,
for
so
was
his
Name
,
seeing
it
is
come
to
that
pass
,
that
thou
and
thy
Brothers
will
not
be
ruled
by
my
soft
and
gentle
Government
,
I
shall
ere
long
bring
him
home
that
shall
chastise
both
you
and
me
after
another
manner
;
and
from
hence
forwards
he
made
it
his
whole
Business
to
get
King
James
redeem'd
from
the
Hands
of
the
English
,
and
to
set
him
on
the
Throne
.
To
this
purpose
he
call'd
a
Parliament
at
Perth
,
where
it
was
unanimously
agreed
to
send
a
solemn
Embassie
to
the
King
of
England
,
to
demand
the
Restitution
of
their
King
,
and
to
offer
Terms
for
his
Releasment
.
James
Stuart
I.
began
his
Reign
actually
Anno
1423.
having
been
a
Prisoner
in
England
almost
eighteen
Years
.
James
had
contracted
some
Friends
in
England
during
his
Captivity
,
especially
by
the
means
of
the
Lady
Jane
,
Daughter
to
the
Earl
of
Somerset
,
whom
he
had
taken
to
Wife
,
so
that
in
a
short
time
the
Terms
for
his
Liberty
were
agreed
on
,
and
so
he
sets
forwards
towards
Scotland
.
Where
he
was
no
sooner
arrived
but
he
was
encountred
with
diverse
Complaints
against
several
Persons
,
and
especially
Walter
Stuart
,
the
Son
of
the
Governor
aforesaid
,
who
was
sent
to
Prison
in
the
Bass
,
and
in
the
next
Parliament
,
convened
at
Perth
;
Duke
Mordo
himself
with
Alexander
,
another
of
his
Sons
were
arrested
,
and
committed
to
safe
Custody
;
the
Duke
to
Carlaurock
,
and
his
Dutchess
to
a
place
call'd
Tantalloun
.
Not
long
after
James
,
Duke
Mordo's
third
Son
(
to
hasten
the
fate
of
the
Stuarts
)
being
moved
with
great
Indignation
,
that
his
Father
and
Brethren
were
thus
(
as
he
conceived
)
unjustly
imprison'd
,
came
suddenly
with
a
good
Band
of
Men
to
the
Town
of
Dunbritton
,
sack't
and
burn
the
Place
,
killing
one
Stuart
more
,
to
wit
,
John
,
sirnamed
the
Red
,
as
Buchanan
says
,
and
the
King's
Uncle
,
with
two
and
thirty
Persons
besides
.
But
he
was
so
straitned
by
the
King's
Arms
,
and
pursued
so
close
,
that
he
was
forced
to
flee
into
Ireland
,
and
soon
after
died
there
an
exile
.
The
same
Year
the
King
call'd
a
Parliament
at
Sterling
,
whereing
Mordo
,
with
his
two
Sons
,
Walter
and
Alexander
,
and
Duncan
Stuart
,
Earl
of
Lenox
(
four
of
them
at
one
clap
)
were
convicted
of
High-Treason
,
and
the
two
Sons
the
very
same
day
were
beheaded
in
the
open
place
,
before
the
Castle
,
and
next
Morning
Duke
Mordo
and
Lenox
run
the
same
Fate
in
the
same
place
:
It
's
a
constant
Fame
(
saith
Buchanan
,
tho'
I
find
it
written
no
where
)
that
the
King
sent
the
Heads
of
the
Father
,
Husband
and
Children
,
to
Isabella
,
Wife
to
the
said
Mordo
,
his
Cousin-Germane
;
to
try
(
a
barbarous
Practise
)
whether
she
who
was
known
to
be
a
fierce
Woman
,
would
(
as
mostly
it
happens
)
through
excess
of
Grief
,
discover
the
Secresie
of
her
Mind
upon
such
an
occasion
:
But
she
,
notwithstanding
all
that
grievous
and
unlook'd
for
Spectacle
,
did
not
inordinately
break
forth
into
any
bitter
Words
,
but
only
said
with
a
calm
Temper
,
If
the
faults
were
true
which
have
been
laid
to
their
Charge
,
the
King
had
done
nothing
but
what
is
Right
and
Just
unto
them
.
As
this
King's
Reign
was
usher'd
in
with
the
foresaid
Troubles
,
it
continued
to
be
in
a
ferment
upon
other
Accounts
,
and
particularly
for
the
great
Pension
raised
for
his
Ransom
,
and
for
raising
of
other
Moneys
;
which
tho'
the
Revenues
were
exhausted
,
was
interpreted
Covetousness
in
him
.
But
in
the
thirteenth
and
last
Year
of
his
Reign
a
sharp
Rencounter
happening
between
Henry
Percy
and
William
Dowglas
,
Earl
of
Angus
,
at
a
place
call'd
Piperden
,
in
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
;
James
thinking
himself
injured
hereby
by
the
English
,
as
the
Scotch
Historians
write
,
but
Hall
and
Graston
charge
him
home
with
Ungratitude
herein
,
raises
a
great
Army
,
and
lays
Siege
to
the
Castle
of
Roxborough
;
but
when
,
as
the
Scotch
write
,
he
had
almost
brought
his
Work
to
Perfection
,
and
that
the
besieged
began
to
capitulate
about
surrendring
of
the
place
,
the
Queen
in
all
haste
came
to
the
Camp
;
and
acquainted
him
there
was
a
horrid
Conspiracy
framed
against
his
Life
,
and
conjured
him
to
use
all
the
Precautions
imaginable
to
secure
himself
.
The
King
was
surprized
with
the
Message
,
he
forthwith
raised
the
Siege
,
and
returned
home
,
to
provide
for
his
better
safety
,
tho'
all
avail'd
little
.
But
that
you
may
have
a
clearer
Idea
of
the
whole
Matter
,
we
must
a
little
look
back
,
and
tell
you
again
that
Robert
II.
had
three
Sons
by
his
Concubine
,
whom
he
afterward
married
,
and
so
settled
the
Crown
upon
them
,
to
the
Exclusion
of
his
two
legitimate
Sons
by
his
Queen
Euphemia
Ross
,
who
were
Walter
,
Earl
of
Athol
,
and
David
,
Earl
of
Strathern
:
Now
these
two
,
tho'
they
found
themselves
injured
by
such
a
Preference
of
an
illegitimate
Race
before
them
;
Yet
being
inferiour
,
both
in
Years
and
Wealth
,
they
dissembled
their
Resentment
for
the
present
:
The
Death
also
of
the
Earl
of
Strathern
weakned
their
Hands
,
who
left
one
only
Daughter
behind
him
,
who
was
given
in
Marriage
to
Patrick
Graham
,
a
noble
Youth
,
and
a
most
potent
and
illustrious
Family
as
any
in
that
Age
;
on
whom
he
begat
Melisse
Graham
,
whose
Parents
did
not
long
survive
:
And
the
Child
not
many
Years
after
,
being
then
a
Stripling
,
was
sent
into
England
among
those
who
were
Hostages
till
the
Money
for
the
Kings
Ransom
were
discharg'd
and
paid
.
But
Atholl
,
tho'
he
were
every
ways
inferior
to
the
opposite
Faction
,
yet
ever
made
it
his
Business
to
take
off
his
Kindred
,
and
did
not
lay
aside
his
Hopes
of
recovering
the
Crown
;
and
because
he
was
not
capable
of
doing
any
thing
by
open
force
,
he
craftily
sowed
Discord
among
them
,
and
so
plied
the
Matter
,
that
,
as
has
been
already
in
some
measure
set
forth
,
a
very
numerous
Family
were
reduced
to
a
few
,
for
the
most
part
,
by
his
Council
.
For
many
were
of
Opinion
,
that
it
it
was
by
his
Contrivance
that
David
,
Duke
of
Rothsay
,
King
Robert's
Son
,
was
cut
off
,
neither
had
James
escap'd
his
Snares
,
unless
he
had
spent
the
greatest
part
of
his
Life
in
England
,
far
from
his
reach
:
He
would
have
encouraged
the
Earl
of
Fife
to
seise
upon
the
Kingdom
,
taxing
his
Brother
with
Slothfulness
,
and
fit
to
be
taken
off
;
and
when
the
King
,
having
now
no
Children
to
succeed
him
(
for
James
was
then
a
Prisoner
in
England
)
and
obnoxious
to
the
Pleasure
of
his
Brother
,
had
suddenly
died
of
Grief
,
there
was
only
the
Governor
now
and
his
Children
,
that
impeded
his
Hopes
.
But
when
Robert
,
the
Governor
was
dead
,
and
his
Son
John
kill'd
at
the
Battle
of
Vernole
in
France
,
he
re-assumed
his
former
Thoughts
with
greater
Vigour
,
and
strain'd
all
his
Wits
to
compass
the
same
;
first
,
by
getting
of
King
James
released
,
and
then
contriving
Duke
Mordo's
and
his
Children's
Death
;
and
since
it
was
almost
inconsistent
that
all
these
should
subsist
and
be
safe
together
,
he
foresaw
that
which
soever
fell
of
them
;
he
was
one
degree
nearer
to
the
Crown
:
Therefore
when
James
was
at
last
return'd
to
his
Country
,
he
set
all
his
Engines
on
work
to
hasten
Mordo's
death
,
finds
out
fit
tools
to
bear
Testimony
against
him
,
and
set
himself
as
Judge
upon
him
and
his
Children
;
and
when
they
also
were
cut
off
,
there
was
only
King
James
and
a
young
Son
of
six
Years
old
,
that
stood
in
the
way
;
and
when
he
by
a
conjuration
of
the
Nobility
were
once
removed
,
the
Earl
did
not
doubt
but
himself
who
was
the
only
surviving
Person
of
the
Royal
Stem
,
should
be
advanced
to
the
Throne
.
Atholl
therefore
,
I
say
,
being
night
and
day
agitated
with
such
Considerations
,
did
however
keep
all
his
Designs
close
and
secret
;
and
thro'
a
counterfeit
Zeal
for
the
King's
Welfare
,
made
it
his
Business
to
cut
off
his
Relations
and
Friends
;
and
more
especially
to
advance
his
own
Estate
by
the
Misfortune
and
Crimes
of
other
Men
,
and
so
to
lessen
his
Adversaries
.
In
the
mean
time
,
King
James
,
to
further
his
own
Misfortune
,
deprived
Melisse
Graham
,
(
who
we
have
said
was
one
of
the
Hostages
in
England
)
of
the
Earldom
of
Strathern
,
alledging
it
was
bestowed
on
his
Grandfather
of
the
maternal
side
,
and
his
Masculine
Line
;
and
for
want
of
such
Issue
,
to
revert
to
the
Crown
:
The
Misfortune
of
the
young
Man
induced
many
to
commiserate
his
Case
,
but
made
Robert
his
Guardian
almost
stark
mad
;
and
so
being
more
impatient
of
the
Injury
offer'd
to
his
Kinsman
,
stuck
not
to
accuse
the
King
openly
of
unjustice
;
and
being
cited
to
appear
,
to
make
his
defence
,
but
did
not
,
a
Sentence
of
Banishment
pass'd
against
him
:
This
did
but
enrage
him
more
and
more
,
and
his
whole
Business
seem'd
to
be
to
engage
others
,
who
had
been
injur'd
in
their
own
Persons
or
Friends
,
to
entertain
the
same
Sentiments
of
the
King
,
in
respect
to
his
Avarice
and
Cruelty
as
he
had
done
;
but
it
had
been
well
if
he
had
rested
here
.
You
have
heard
before
,
how
the
King
was
advertised
of
a
Conspiracy
against
him
at
Roxborough
,
and
how
the
King
,
to
obviate
the
same
,
retired
home
,
and
took
up
his
Lodgings
in
the
Convent
of
the
Dominicans
at
Perth
,
and
what
Designs
Walter
,
Earl
of
Atholl
,
had
been
hatching
from
time
to
time
.
Now
this
Walter
,
the
King's
Uncle
,
tho'
he
were
Principall
Author
and
Contriver
of
the
Conspiracy
,
yet
he
did
his
utmost
endeavour
to
put
off
all
manner
of
Suspition
of
it
from
himself
;
therefore
he
privily
sends
for
,
and
discourses
with
Robert
Graham
,
afore-mentioned
;
who
,
as
being
an
active
,
bold
,
rash
Man
,
and
an
hater
of
the
King
,
upon
account
of
his
own
Imprisonment
and
●anishment
,
and
the
Injury
done
to
his
Nephew
,
by
divesting
of
him
of
the
Earldom
of
Strathern
,
he
thought
to
be
a
Person
most
fit
for
his
purpose
;
and
with
him
he
engaged
his
own
Grandson
Robert
Stuart
,
a
stout
hardy
Youth
,
who
readily
engaged
in
the
Work
.
He
instructs
them
what
they
were
to
do
,
assured
them
of
his
favour
,
when
the
Fact
was
perpetrated
,
not
doubting
but
himself
should
be
advanced
to
the
Throne
.
Having
thus
agreed
and
resolved
upon
their
hellish
Design
,
they
advance
secretly
with
their
Accomplices
,
whom
they
had
drawn
into
the
Conspiracy
towards
the
Friers
aforesaid
,
where
the
King
then
resided
,
and
encourag'd
the
King's
Porter
,
whom
before
they
had
brought
over
to
their
Party
,
to
give
them
un-interrupted
admittance
;
which
he
does
,
and
they
advanced
into
the
Gallery
,
adjacent
to
the
King's
Bed-Chamber
,
where
he
shews
them
the
Door
might
be
easily
forced
open
,
he
himself
having
taken
away
the
Bolt
:
Others
think
it
was
Robert
Stuart
aforesaid
,
Atholl's
Grandson
,
that
let
them
into
the
Court
;
however
it
was
,
while
they
in
the
mean
time
tarried
in
the
Gallery
,
seeming
to
deliberate
about
the
breaking
the
Door
open
,
an
Accident
made
their
Passage
the
more
easie
;
for
Walter
●trat●on
coming
out
of
the
Chamber
,
as
having
brought
in
some
Wine
for
the
King
a
little
before
;
and
seeing
of
armed
Men
in
the
Gallery
,
he
endeavours
to
whip
in
again
,
crying
,
out
Treason
,
Treason
:
But
before
he
could
get
within
the
Door
,
to
make
it
fast
,
they
rushed
upon
him
,
and
slew
him
outright
:
While
this
was
done
,
not
without
great
bustle
and
noise
,
a
noble
Maiden
,
named
Katherine
Dowglas
,
marry'd
afterward
to
Alexander
Lovell
,
of
Bolunny
,
got
to
the
Door
,
and
not
finding
the
Bolt
that
had
before
been
taken
away
(
as
you
have
heard
)
she
thrusts
her
Arm
into
the
place
where
the
Bar
should
have
been
;
but
her
Arm
was
soon
crusht
and
broke
,
and
the
Ruffians
forced
their
way
into
the
Chamber
.
Such
of
the
Servants
as
were
there
,
and
made
Resistance
,
they
dispatch
forthwith
,
and
then
advanced
towards
the
King
,
and
fell
upon
him
:
The
Queen
did
all
she
could
to
defend
him
,
and
receiv'd
two
Wounds
,
and
thereby
was
forced
to
give
over
the
Conflict
;
and
so
at
last
,
the
King
having
received
to
the
number
of
eight
and
twenty
Wounds
,
and
some
of
them
to
the
Heart
,
was
slain
by
them
.
Thus
fell
James
the
I.
King
of
Scotland
,
by
violent
and
bloody
Hands
,
and
seem'd
to
entail
a
violent
Death
upon
all
of
his
Name
that
succeeded
him
;
but
because
the
Execution
of
some
of
the
Conspirators
was
the
most
terrible
that
can
be
met
with
in
History
,
we
shall
shall
give
you
a
short
Account
of
it
,
and
the
rather
,
because
of
the
Persons
concern'd
therein
.
The
Nobles
of
the
Kingdom
hearing
this
unexpected
News
,
assembled
from
all
parts
of
the
Nation
to
Edinburg
,
and
made
such
diligent
Search
after
the
Conspirators
,
that
they
were
soon
apprehended
,
Tried
and
Condemn'd
.
Walter
Stuart
,
Earl
of
Atholl
,
was
charged
,
as
being
principal
Actor
in
this
Tragedy
,
his
crime
exaggerated
to
the
height
,
and
was
executed
in
this
tremendous
manner
.
On
the
first
day
,
being
stripped
of
all
his
cloaths
,
save
only
his
shirt
only
,
he
was
bound
fast
in
a
Cart
to
an
Instrument
of
wood
made
like
to
a
swipe
,
with
Ropes
and
Pullies
to
the
same
,
by
which
means
they
sometimes
raised
him
up
on
high
into
the
Air
that
the
people
might
see
him
,
and
by
slackning
of
the
Rope
all
of
a
sudden
,
let
him
down
with
a
swang
dis-jointing
all
his
body
thereby
;
then
they
brought
him
to
an
open
place
,
where
all
might
be
Spectators
and
Crowned
him
with
a
red
hot
Crown
of
Iron
,
with
this
Elogium
that
he
might
be
Stiled
the
Ring
of
all
Traytors
.
The
reason
of
this
part
of
the
punishment
was
said
to
be
this
;
for
that
a
Witch
had
told
him
that
he
should
be
Crowned
with
great
Pomp
and
Magnificence
in
the
presence
of
the
people
,
and
that
the
prediction
was
in
this
manner
either
fullfilled
or
eluded
.
On
the
second
day
he
was
drawn
on
a
hurdle
through
the
high
Street
of
Edenburg
at
an
Horses
tail
;
he
was
on
the
third
day
extended
upon
a
board
at
the
Market-Cross
,
his
Belly
ripped
up
and
his
Bowels
taken
out
,
thrown
into
the
fire
and
burnt
before
his
face
;
then
was
his
heart
plucked
out
and
burnt
likewise
,
and
last
of
all
his
head
was
chopp'd
off
and
fixed
upon
a
long
Pole
and
set
upon
the
highest
place
of
the
City
,
his
body
divided
into
four
Quarters
and
sent
to
the
four
principal
Cities
of
the
Kingdom
.
The
Execution
of
Robert
Stuart
was
not
altogether
so
severe
as
that
of
his
Grandfather
,
some
respect
being
had
to
his
youth
:
But
as
for
Robert
Graham
,
who
(
as
did
appear
)
was
the
Person
that
slew
the
King
with
his
own
hands
,
he
was
put
into
a
Cart
and
that
hand
that
did
the
deed
,
fastned
to
a
pair
of
Gallows
that
was
set
up
in
the
said
Cart
;
then
were
three
persons
appointed
to
thrust
him
through
all
parts
of
his
body
with
hot
Irons
,
beginning
first
with
those
places
where
it
was
thought
no
hasty
Death
would
ensue
,
as
with
his
Legs
,
Arms
,
Thighs
and
Shoulders
,
and
thus
was
he
carried
through
all
the
Streets
of
the
City
and
tormented
in
a
most
horrible
manner
,
and
at
last
his
Belly
ript
open
,
Bowelled
and
Quartered
as
Atholl
was
before
,
and
thus
was
the
cruel
Death
of
King
James
revenged
in
the
most
cruel
manner
that
was
ever
heard
off
,
beyond
all
the
Bounds
of
Humanity
.
James
Stuart
II
began
his
Reign
March
27.
1437.
You
have
seen
the
dreadful
effects
of
the
Interr●gnum
,
now
the
Kingdom
falls
under
a
worse
Administration
,
even
under
one
of
the
woes
of
God
Almighty
himself
,
for
this
King
was
succeeded
by
his
Son
James
,
the
second
of
that
Name
,
a
Minor
of
about
six
years
old
;
And
as
the
King
was
not
yet
able
to
Govern
himself
,
another
must
be
chosen
,
to
Govern
both
him
and
the
Kingdom
;
and
this
fell
to
Sir
Alexander
Levinston
and
Sir
William
Creichton
the
Chancellor
;
the
former
had
the
denomination
of
the
Governour
,
and
the
other
had
the
Kings
keeping
.
Never
was
poor
Prince
more
harrased
till
he
came
to
Maturity
,
which
they
say
in
Princes
is
at
fourteen
,
through
the
Jealousy
and
Ambition
of
these
two
men
fomented
also
by
others
,
who
were
willing
to
fish
in
troubled
waters
.
The
Chancellour
kept
the
King
in
Edenburg
Castle
;
the
Queen
Jane
sides
with
the
Governor
and
resided
at
Sterling
;
Archembald
Earl
of
Dowglass
a
powerful
Sub●ect
,
kept
within
his
own
Territories
,
and
would
obey
none
of
them
all
;
by
which
discords
many
evils
ensued
:
The
Queen
being
intent
upon
advancing
the
Governor's
side
,
and
thereby
gratify
her
own
Ambition
,
repairs
one
day
with
a
small
retinue
to
the
City
of
Edenburg
;
and
with
a
Womanish
Dissimulation
,
won
the
Chancellor
to
give
her
Admittance
into
the
Castle
to
see
the
King
,
and
to
abide
with
him
;
whose
Company
she
so
extreamly
longed
for
.
But
when
she
had
been
there
three
Days
,
she
feigns
a
Pilgrimage
one
morning
to
the
White
Ki●k
;
but
first
wheedles
with
the
King
to
make
his
escape
,
which
she
easily
brought
him
to
,
packed
him
up
dexterously
in
a
Trunk
,
as
if
he
had
been
a
bundle
of
Cloaths
,
and
sent
him
away
by
one
of
her
trusty
Servants
,
laid
upon
a
Sumpter
Horse
into
Lieth
,
from
whence
he
was
conveyed
by
water
to
Sterling
,
and
Joyfully
received
by
the
Governor
who
highly
extolled
the
Queens
Conduct
in
deceiving
so
wise
a
Man
as
the
Chancellor
,
and
without
delay
raises
Forces
and
Besieges
him
in
Edenburg
Castle
.
He
perceiving
the
danger
,
had
no
other
way
left
but
to
send
to
the
Earl
of
Dowglass
for
his
Assistance
.
Dowglass
disdains
them
both
and
would
not
be
concerned
:
The
Chancellor
seeing
this
,
agrees
with
the
Governor
,
and
he
was
still
to
keep
the
Castle
and
his
Chancellorship
.
Not
long
after
died
Dowglass
and
was
succeeded
by
his
Son
William
,
who
kept
a
greater
port
and
retinue
than
his
Father
.
But
things
could
not
hold
long
in
this
State
,
for
the
Chancellor
disdaining
that
the
Governor
should
take
the
whole
Administration
upon
him
,
leaves
him
and
the
King
at
Sterling
,
(
where
he
then
was
)
and
repairs
to
Edenburg
,
and
there
imploys
all
his
Wits
how
he
might
recover
the
King
from
the
Governor
;
and
after
he
had
well
thought
of
it
,
he
rides
one
morning
with
four
and
twenty
Men
in
his
Company
to
the
Park
of
Sterling
,
where
he
knew
the
King
was
a
Hunting
,
and
that
the
Governor
was
absent
at
Perth
.
He
found
the
King
with
a
very
small
retinue
and
saluted
him
very
dutifully
,
and
finding
him
in
some
surprize
at
the
Company
,
he
exhorted
him
in
a
few
words
as
the
time
would
permit
,
to
be
of
good
cheer
and
fear
nothing
,
that
they
were
come
to
deliver
him
from
his
Captivity
;
that
he
might
be
no
longer
under
the
Government
of
another
,
but
take
the
Administration
into
his
own
hands
and
much
to
the
same
purpose
.
All
which
the
King
received
with
a
pleasant
aspect
;
either
because
the
motion
pleased
him
as
desirous
to
Rule
,
or
to
dissemble
the
fear
he
had
of
the
Chancellor
,
and
so
went
with
him
to
Edenburg
.
The
Governor
upon
his
return
,
was
horribly
surprized
at
the
News
,
but
being
now
unable
to
remedy
the
matter
,
by
the
means
of
friends
,
he
and
the
Chancellor
came
to
an
Accommodation
again
;
and
the
result
was
,
that
the
Governor
should
still
continue
in
his
Office
,
and
the
King
remain
in
the
keeping
of
the
Chancellor
,
as
at
first
:
So
that
the
freedom
before
tendred
to
him
,
and
with
which
he
seem'd
to
be
well
pleas'd
,
was
now
but
a
meer
illusion
,
being
as
much
a
Captive
as
ever
.
And
if
the
King
was
no
better
for
this
Agreement
;
It
proved
fatal
to
the
Earl
of
Dowglass
:
Both
Governor
and
Chancellor
dreading
his
power
,
now
conbine
together
to
ruine
him
,
and
to
that
End
,
a
Parliament
must
be
called
,
where
several
Complaints
were
made
against
Dowglass
and
his
followers
.
But
they
two
perswade
the
Parliament
to
send
for
the
Earl
in
a
friendly
manner
,
and
not
as
a
delinquent
,
to
take
his
place
in
that
Assembly
;
And
by
the
Governors
contrivance
,
Honourable
Letters
were
directed
to
him
,
in
the
Name
of
them
all
,
full
of
soothing
expressions
,
intimating
his
own
Person
was
so
far
from
being
in
any
danger
,
by
such
his
attendance
in
Parliament
,
that
if
any
of
his
Friends
or
Family
had
chanced
to
be
guilty
of
any
disorders
,
all
should
be
frankly
remitted
:
This
bait
took
the
young
Gentleman
,
and
so
with
his
Brother
David
and
an
handsom
retinue
,
sets
forward
for
Edenburg
;
the
Chancellor
the
better
to
cloak
the
Treachery
,
rode
out
many
miles
from
Edenburg
to
meet
him
;
Caressed
and
Entertained
him
splendidly
on
the
way
at
the
Castle
of
Creichton
,
and
to
blind
him
the
more
,
there
in
the
most
friendly
and
tender
manner
in
the
World
,
began
to
advise
the
Earl
in
what
concerned
his
Duty
towards
his
Prince
and
the
Honour
and
Glory
of
his
Family
;
and
this
showed
him
on
to
Edenburg
,
tho'
things
could
not
be
carried
on
so
coverlly
between
the
Governor
and
Chancellor
in
the
management
of
this
intrigue
,
but
that
some
of
the
Earls
Friends
began
to
smell
a
Rat
and
advised
him
not
to
go
to
Edenburg
.
But
finding
him
quite
averse
to
Counsel
and
void
of
all
suspicion
,
they
urged
him
to
send
his
Brother
David
back
,
to
the
End
he
might
not
hazard
the
whole
Family
under
the
fortune
of
one
stroke
,
as
his
Father
had
before
admonished
him
upon
his
Death-Bed
.
But
all
in
vain
,
and
so
to
Edenburg
Castle
they
came
,
where
the
Governor
meets
him
and
Carressed
him
highly
,
and
because
he
should
now
think
his
Entertainment
every
ways
suitable
to
the
semblance
made
of
it
all
along
,
he
was
set
to
Dine
at
the
King's
Table
;
but
latet
Angus
in
herba
,
the
Earl
before
he
h●d
well
half
Din'd
,
was
strangely
surprized
with
the
sight
of
a
Bulls
Head
set
before
him
,
which
in
those
Days
was
a
certain
sign
of
Death
;
whereat
being
about
to
rise
from
the
Table
,
he
and
his
Brother
David
were
immediately
seized
by
Armed
men
set
there
for
that
purpose
;
carried
into
the
Court
yard
and
there
forthwith
beheaded
.
It
was
said
the
King
,
in
whose
presence
this
was
done
,
and
who
now
was
entring
into
years
of
Maturity
and
Discretion
;
lamented
his
Death
bitterly
,
for
which
the
Chancellor
severely
rebuked
him
;
but
however
it
was
in
this
case
,
it
's
most
certain
he
afterwards
most
barbarously
murdered
one
of
this
Earls
Successors
,
with
his
own
hands
,
as
you
'l
see
by
and
by
.
This
Earl
of
Dowglass
was
Succeeded
in
his
Estate
and
Honours
by
his
Unkle
James
Dowglass
Baron
of
Abercorn
;
who
is
Succeeded
by
his
Son
William
;
who
to
prevent
the
division
of
the
Inheritance
,
Married
the
only
Sister
of
the
last
William
Beheaded
,
who
was
Stiled
the
fair
Maid
of
Gallaway
.
This
Earl
flourishing
in
Estate
and
Honours
,
and
finding
the
King
take
the
Administration
of
the
Government
upon
himself
,
came
to
Sterling
,
and
in
a
short
time
grew
into
high
Favour
with
him
;
insomuch
,
that
through
his
perswasion
,
the
Chancellor
and
Governor
were
not
only
discharged
from
their
Offices
,
but
put
out
of
the
Council
,
and
their
Friends
banished
the
Court
,
and
themselves
Summoned
to
appear
before
the
King
,
and
upon
default
proclaimed
Rebels
;
so
that
now
the
Tables
are
quite
turn'd
.
Dowglass
Rules
all
,
and
the
King
suffers
minority
under
him
in
his
Just
Age
,
as
he
really
did
under
the
others
during
his
nonage
;
himself
and
his
Kindred
and
Friends
possessing
all
places
of
profit
and
Preferment
in
the
Kingdom
.
But
the
Earl
,
having
I
know
not
what
crochet
in
his
brain
,
must
needs
go
into
Italy
,
and
a
Noble
retinue
he
had
with
him
;
but
leaves
his
Estate
,
during
his
absence
to
be
managed
by
his
Brother
the
Earl
of
Ormond
.
His
back
was
no
sooner
turned
,
but
his
Enemies
set
all
their
Engines
on
work
to
put
him
out
of
the
Kings
Favour
and
good
Esteem
,
and
prevailed
so
far
upon
him
as
to
put
out
an
unreasonable
Summons
,
requiring
the
Earl
to
appear
within
forty
Days
,
or
else
he
should
be
put
to
the
Horn
,
and
so
his
Lands
were
seized
on
to
the
Kings
hands
.
The
Earl
being
advertised
hereof
,
returns
with
all
speed
,
and
was
again
received
into
Favour
:
But
happening
to
go
into
England
without
leave
;
this
incensed
the
King
highly
against
him
,
yet
upon
submission
was
again
reconciled
.
But
there
was
nothing
could
reconcile
him
and
the
Chancellor
Creichton
,
envy
brought
them
to
make
attempts
upon
each
other's
life
,
and
at
last
the
Earl
was
so
put
to
it
,
that
he
was
forced
to
flee
out
of
Edenburg
to
save
his
own
life
;
whereupon
he
enters
into
a
Confederacy
with
his
Friends
for
his
own
security
,
which
together
with
some
Depredations
made
in
the
Lord
Ferres
Lands
,
by
some
of
the
Earls
Tenants
without
redress
from
him
,
upon
Complaint
made
thereof
,
enraged
the
King
to
an
high
degree
against
him
:
But
sore
disorders
still
increasing
through
the
Earls
not
punishing
of
the
offenders
;
at
last
Ferres
makes
an
inroad
by
way
of
reprisal
into
his
Lands
,
was
taken
,
and
by
the
Earls
command
was
put
to
Death
;
tho'
the
King
by
an
Herault
commanded
the
contrary
;
so
that
upon
serious
Deliberation
,
the
King
finding
his
power
unsufficient
for
curbing
him
,
had
no
other
way
left
,
than
to
send
to
him
in
a
most
Courteous
manner
to
come
to
him
,
who
was
then
in
Sterling
Castle
.
The
Earl
,
apprehensive
of
some
design
upon
his
Person
,
refused
without
he
had
an
assurance
of
safe
Conduct
under
the
Kings
great
Seal
;
which
being
Granted
,
he
came
,
and
was
received
with
a
great
semblance
of
good
Will
by
the
King
,
who
to●k
him
into
a
Room
by
themselves
;
and
there
,
after
some
other
Admonitions
,
expostulated
with
him
about
the
Confeder●cy
he
had
entred
into
,
with
the
Earl
of
Crawford
and
others
,
and
would
have
urged
him
to
forsake
the
same
;
Alledging
,
it
was
no
ways
Honourable
for
him
,
but
hurtfull
,
and
tho'
he
took
it
very
ill
at
his
hands
,
yet
he
allowed
him
the
Liberty
to
dis●null
it
,
tho'
himself
had
full
power
to
command
it
;
Dowglass
was
very
obsequious
in
all
things
'till
this
business
of
the
League
came
in
Question
;
whereunto
he
did
not
Answer
distinctly
,
but
would
have
put
it
off
'till
he
had
discoursed
with
his
Confederates
thereupon
,
neither
could
he
well
see
at
present
what
could
be
in
that
League
which
could
be
offensive
to
the
King
,
that
he
should
insist
so
much
upon
his
breaking
of
it
;
whereupon
the
King
,
who
it's
likely
had
already
determined
to
commit
the
perjur'd
Fact
,
tho'
his
flattering
Courtiers
would
have
his
displeasure
only
to
arise
from
the
Earls
present
stubborness
;
said
,
if
you
will
not
,
I
will
break
it
;
and
without
any
more
ado
,
struck
him
with
his
Dagger
in
his
breast
,
those
that
stood
at
the
Door
,
hearing
the
bustle
,
rushed
in
and
dispatched
him
by
many
wounds
.
His
Brethren
and
Kindred
being
at
first
surprized
and
then
exasperated
at
the
horridness
of
the
Fact
,
and
the
faithless
proceedings
of
the
King
towards
the
Earl
,
flew
to
their
Arms
,
and
made
no
less
than
a
Civil
War
of
it
,
which
was
waged
between
the
King
and
them
with
various
Fortunes
;
at
last
the
King
prevailed
,
which
brought
great
Destruction
and
Calamity
upon
that
Noble
Family
of
the
Dowglasses
:
And
then
it
was
that
King
James
began
to
Reign
,
as
the
Historian
says
,
their
greatness
having
been
hitherto
a
Check
upon
him
.
But
his
Civil
broils
were
scarce
ended
when
he
was
brought
to
engage
in
the
fatal
controversy
which
happened
in
England
,
between
the
Houses
of
York
and
Lancaster
.
He
at
first
sided
with
King
Henry
VI
against
Richard
,
Duke
of
York
;
but
afterward
faced
about
,
Upon
the
Duke's
promise
that
Cumberland
and
other
Lands
should
be
restored
unto
him
,
that
had
been
in
the
possession
of
his
Ancestors
if
the
Duke
prevailed
,
and
so
assisted
the
Yorkians
;
having
therefore
raised
an
Army
,
as
he
was
entering
into
England
,
he
was
for
a
time
diverted
cunningly
by
an
English
Gentleman
,
who
took
upon
him
to
be
the
Pope's
Nuncio
;
His
Speech
,
Habit
and
Retinue
were
perfectly
Italian
,
and
to
make
the
matter
more
plausible
with
the
Cloak
of
Religion
,
he
had
a
Monk
along
with
him
and
so
with
the
Popes
Counterfeit
Letters
they
approached
to
the
King
,
and
charged
him
to
proceed
on
no
farther
,
and
threatned
him
,
if
he
did
,
to
curse
him
.
For
that
the
Pope
to
the
end
the
War
might
be
carried
on
against
the
Common
Enemy
of
Christianity
with
greater
vigor
,
having
now
Composed
all
differences
in
Europe
,
was
set
upon
Accommodating
this
matter
in
Britain
;
That
they
indeed
were
sent
before
,
to
preadmonish
him
,
but
that
another
Legate
would
quickly
follow
,
with
an
Ample
power
to
Compose
the
Civils
Discords
in
England
,
and
to
procure
satisfaction
for
the
injuries
sustained
by
the
Scots
.
This
bait
took
him
,
and
so
he
Disbanded
his
Army
;
But
alas
nothing
could
divert
this
Prince's
now
impending
Fate
,
for
being
soon
after
advertised
of
the
trick
put
upon
him
by
the
foresaid
Counterfeit
Nuncio
,
he
re-assembles
his
Army
,
and
because
he
could
not
directly
Joyn
with
York's
Forces
,
He
marches
to
the
Siege
of
Roxborough
,
and
having
quickly
master'd
the
Town
,
lays
close
Seige
to
the
Castle
,
which
made
a
brave
defence
.
The
Duke
and
his
Companions
having
in
the
mean
time
prevailed
,
sent
to
give
King
James
thanks
for
his
Assistance
,
desire
him
,
now
things
were
amicably
terminated
,
to
return
home
,
least
the
English
being
incensed
,
they
should
be
forced
to
march
against
the
Scotch
Army
.
The
King
having
received
the
Message
,
asked
those
that
brought
it
,
whether
the
Duke
of
York
and
his
Friends
said
any
thing
in
relation
to
the
promises
they
had
made
,
when
he
came
into
their
Assistance
,
but
finding
no
satisfaction
in
that
point
,
he
proceeds
with
great
Fury
to
assault
the
Castle
,
and
Batters
the
Walls
with
Cannon
,
which
began
then
to
be
much
used
,
as
they
were
much
dreaded
;
and
being
very
forward
and
intent
upon
his
work
,
one
of
his
Guns
being
over-charged
,
burst
,
and
a
slice
thereof
struck
the
King
dead
to
the
ground
,
and
hurt
no
other
besides
himself
;
a
strang
fatality
that
brought
him
to
his
end
,
when
he
had
lived
twenty
nine
Years
,
and
of
them
Reigned
twenty
four
.
Anno.
146●
.
He
left
three
Sons
behind
him
,
James
that
Succeeded
him
,
Alexander
Duke
of
Albany
,
and
John
Earl
of
Mar
,
who
were
a
plague
to
one
another
,
while
alive
,
and
not
one
of
them
died
a
natural
death
,
as
we
shall
shew
in
its
proper
place
.
James
Stuart
III.
began
his
Reign
Anno
.
1460.
James
III.
(
a
Minor
of
seven
Years
old
,
as
his
Father
before
him
)
came
to
the
Crown
,
and
at
first
fell
under
the
Care
and
Regency
of
his
Mother
,
as
did
the
whole
Kingdom
;
a
Woman
after
the
decease
of
her
Husband
,
James
II.
that
lead
a
Scandalous
life
,
keeping
one
Adam
Hepborn
,
who
was
himself
a
Married
Man
for
her
Gallant
,
but
death
put
an
end
to
her
Lewdness
and
Government
together
,
about
three
Years
after
:
Then
he
came
into
the
hands
of
the
Boyds
,
who
Ruled
the
roast
for
a
long
time
,
but
at
last
made
a
fatal
Catastrophe
;
he
took
to
Wife
Margaret
Daughter
to
the
King
of
Denmark
and
Norway
,
Anno.
1469.
And
about
this
time
began
to
Exercise
the
Royal
power
himself
:
He
involved
himself
at
first
with
the
Affairs
of
the
Church
,
and
not
long
,
after
,
became
miserably
enslaved
with
the
predictions
of
Astrologers
and
Witches
,
to
which
he
was
strangely
addicted
and
which
brought
not
only
destruction
upon
his
kindred
,
but
also
at
last
upon
himself
,
which
we
shall
now
prosecute
as
they
fell
out
,
in
order
.
He
was
on
a
time
,
it
seems
,
informed
by
some
Sycophant
or
other
,
that
his
kindred
laid
in
wait
for
his
life
,
and
that
he
was
in
great
danger
;
which
agreeing
with
the
sayings
of
the
Witches
which
he
had
Consulted
,
and
who
had
told
him
,
that
the
Lyon
should
be
devoured
by
his
Whelps
,
it
made
very
deep
impressions
upon
his
suspicions
mind
,
and
so
from
a
Prince
at
first
very
hopefull
,
and
of
great
expe●●ation
,
degenerated
to
a
Monstrous
Tyrant
.
So
that
now
these
suspicions
having
once
possession
of
his
mind
from
henceforth
he
looked
upon
his
neer
Relations
and
almost
all
the
best
of
the
Nobility
as
his
Enemies
:
The
Nobility
on
the
other
hand
finding
none
preferred
by
the
K.
but
Men
of
base
degree
,
were
not
a
little
disatisfied
,
and
began
to
alienate
their
Affections
from
him
,
wherefore
they
met
together
upon
this
occasion
to
concert
measures
how
they
might
purge
the
Court
of
those
abject
Fellows
,
and
reduce
it
to
its
former
State
of
Grandeur
.
The
principal
of
this
Assembly
were
the
Kings
two
Brothers
,
Alexander
and
John
;
the
latter
whereof
having
discoursed
of
the
Irregularities
and
the
present
State
of
that
Kingdom
somewhat
frankly
and
liberally
,
and
with
less
Caution
than
the
rest
,
he
was
suddenly
taken
by
night
in
his
own
House
,
by
the
Court
Faction
,
and
conveyed
to
a
place
called
Cr●gmiller
,
and
there
Imprisoned
by
the
King's
order
,
and
not
long
after
,
by
the
same
Courtly
Crew
was
adjudged
to
Die
,
and
Executed
accordingly
in
the
Cannon
Gate
,
by
cutting
his
Veins
and
letting
him
bleed
to
Death
.
And
as
they
had
thus
barbarously
murdered
his
Person
they
proceeded
also
to
murder
the
Earls
fame
,
for
they
gave
out
that
his
Crime
was
,
that
he
had
had
Secret
Consultation
with
Witches
,
about
destroying
the
King
,
and
to
put
as
good
a
Colour
as
they
could
upon
this
unnatural
Act
,
tho'
it
were
by
heaping
up
iniquity
upon
iniquity
,
they
brought
several
other
Witches
and
Sorcerers
to
their
Tryal
for
the
said
Fact
,
and
burnt
them
at
Edenburg
for
the
same
.
So
that
here
is
one
of
the
three
Brothers
dispatch'd
,
you
'll
here
of
the
rest
by
and
by
.
Alexander
the
other
Brother
,
and
Duke
of
Albany
,
tho
he
had
neither
acted
nor
said
any
thing
that
might
Justly
disgust
either
the
King
or
Courtiers
that
were
about
him
,
yet
as
he
was
next
of
Kin
so
it
seems
he
was
next
in
danger
;
for
these
Blood-suckers
mistrusting
with
themselves
that
they
could
ne'er
be
safe
as
long
as
he
was
alive
,
got
him
suddenly
seized
and
sent
Prisoner
to
Edenburg
Castle
.
He
was
kept
close
there
by
such
as
did
believe
his
power
might
be
Fatal
to
them
,
and
finding
there
was
no
way
by
his
Friends
for
to
pacify
the
Kings
displeasure
,
he
had
nothing
to
do
now
but
to
consider
how
he
might
make
his
escape
,
he
had
none
to
communicate
his
design
to
,
or
to
further
him
in
it
,
but
one
only
Servant
of
his
own
that
was
left
to
be
with
him
in
his
Chamber
;
him
he
sent
to
get
a
Ship
ready
to
attend
him
at
the
next
Part
,
at
the
time
appointed
which
he
does
effectually
:
In
the
mean
time
his
persecutors
to
Plague
him
the
more
with
their
delusions
,
sent
several
Messengers
from
the
Court
,
who
feigned
in
the
presence
of
his
Keepers
(
for
he
was
not
allowed
to
talk
with
any
privately
)
that
the
King's
Anger
began
to
be
pacified
,
and
that
he
might
shortly
hope
for
his
Liberty
;
but
when
the
day
appointed
for
his
escape
was
come
;
he
puts
as
good
a
meen
as
possible
he
could
upon
the
matter
,
and
begins
to
feign
a
belief
in
what
the
Messengers
said
in
Favour
of
him
,
and
Questioned
not
but
to
have
a
speedy
and
honourable
deliverance
:
And
to
further
the
Design
,
treats
his
Keepers
with
a
splendid
Supper
,
and
Drinks
with
them
till
it
was
late
at
night
;
but
when
they
were
gone
and
fast
asleep
,
he
falls
to
work
,
and
makes
a
Rope
of
the
Sheets
of
his
Bed
,
long
enough
as
he
thought
to
reach
the
ground
;
and
first
for
to
make
a
Tryal
therof
,
le
ts
down
his
Man
by
it
,
by
whole
fall
he
finds
it
was
shorter
then
it
should
have
been
.
Having
therefore
lengthened
the
Rope
as
much
as
the
present
Circumstance
would
admit
,
he
follows
his
Man
,
who
in
his
descent
had
broke
his
Leg
,
takes
him
up
upon
his
back
and
carries
him
about
a
mile
,
to
the
Sea-side
,
and
having
got
a
Favourable
Wind
,
set
sail
for
Dumbarton
,
and
from
thence
,
having
first
well
secured
the
Castle
,
he
sailed
into
France
.
The
Duke
was
honourably
received
in
France
and
Married
the
Earl
of
Bologn's
Daughter
;
but
upon
the
Death
of
his
Wife
,
who
lived
not
long
with
him
,
finding
Affections
cool
towards
him
,
he
goes
over
into
England
,
and
was
entertained
by
Edward
IIII.
then
King
of
England
;
who
assisted
him
with
an
Army
to
invade
Scotland
,
under
the
Command
of
his
Brother
,
Richard
Duke
of
Gloucester
.
King
James
makes
all
the
Force
he
could
to
oppose
them
,
but
being
Governed
by
his
former
Councells
,
the
Nobility
took
it
in
high
disdain
,
and
therefore
they
met
together
in
the
Church
of
Lowder
,
where
the
King
and
his
Army
then
were
,
to
deliberate
what
they
should
do
in
such
a
conjuncture
.
Where
Archibald
Dowglass
,
Earl
of
Angus
,
takes
upon
him
to
set
forth
the
occasion
of
their
meeting
,
which
he
did
in
a
very
pathetick
Speech
,
and
shew'd
at
large
all
the
enormities
of
the
King's
Reign
down
to
the
present
time
;
the
danger
they
then
stood
in
from
a
Foreign
Army
,
and
therefore
exhorts
them
first
to
shake
of
the
Domestick
Yoke
of
servitude
they
were
under
,
before
they
Engaged
with
the
Enemy
,
&c.
this
Oration
wrought
so
effectually
upon
their
minds
,
that
they
were
immediately
ready
to
run
in
headlong
into
the
Pallace
without
any
Consideration
of
what
they
were
to
do
;
But
the
principal
Men
amongst
them
appeasing
the
tumult
,
advised
that
a
sufficient
number
should
only
enter
in
without
any
shew
of
Commotion
,
and
take
out
the
Criminals
,
lead
them
to
Judgment
,
and
Punish
them
according
to
Law
.
In
the
mean
time
,
while
these
things
were
in
Agitation
,
comes
a
Rumour
into
the
Court
,
that
the
Nobles
held
a
Consultation
together
before
day
in
the
Church
,
the
subject
whereof
was
uncertain
,
but
that
it
must
be
strange
that
such
Men
should
Assemble
together
without
the
King
and
his
Councellors
Knowledge
:
The
King
hereupon
being
hastily
awaken
out
of
his
sleep
,
enquires
of
those
about
him
,
what
he
had
best
to
do
;
in
the
mean
time
he
sends
Cockram
before
to
observe
what
was
done
,
and
to
give
him
an
Account
of
all
with
speed
;
he
with
a
few
followers
goes
towards
the
Church
,
and
meets
the
cheif
of
the
Nobility
advancing
towards
the
Court
,
whom
they
no
sooner
espied
,
but
Dowglass
laid
hands
on
him
▪
and
catching
hold
of
a
large
Gold
Chain
he
had
about
his
neck
,
squeezed
him
first
a
little
and
then
sends
him
to
Prison
,
himself
with
the
rest
going
directly
to
the
King's
Bed-Chamber
:
Where
,
when
they
came
,
they
filled
all
with
Astonishment
,
so
as
that
there
seemed
to
be
a
little
pause
upon
the
matter
for
the
present
,
but
it
was
not
long
e're
they
seized
upon
the
Kings
Evil
Councellors
that
were
about
him
,
and
sent
them
all
away
save
only
John
Ramsey
,
a
very
young
man
that
clung
to
the
King
,
and
who
intreated
for
him
that
he
might
be
spared
.
The
rest
were
lead
to
Judgment
,
and
with
the
loud
cries
of
the
Army
calling
for
Justice
upon
those
miscreants
,
were
hanged
out
of
the
way
;
and
such
forwardness
was
shewed
to
have
them
dispatched
speedily
,
that
when
they
wanted
Ropes
upon
such
a
sudden
occasion
every
one
was
ready
to
offer
his
Horses
Halter
or
the
Reins
of
his
Bridle
for
that
purpose
.
These
Wretches
were
charged
with
many
private
injuries
,
and
among
the
more
publick
ones
was
,
their
advising
the
King
to
Coin
base
Copper
Money
,
which
the
Common
people
by
way
of
reproach
,
called
Black-Money
,
and
that
this
was
the
principal
cause
of
the
scarcity
that
was
in
the
Land
,
the
want
of
Trade
,
and
many
other
Calamities
too
long
to
be
incerted
.
To
the
Kings
charge
was
laid
the
unjust
death
of
the
Earl
of
Mar
,
his
Brother
,
his
advancing
of
Cockram
a
Mason
to
the
said
Earldom
,
his
practising
of
Magick
and
resolvedness
to
destroy
his
Relations
.
This
done
,
they
returned
to
Edenburg
and
appointed
the
King
himself
to
be
kept
in
the
Castle
of
the
said
City
,
by
the
E.
of
Atholl
,
and
in
the
mean
time
they
send
to
the
English
Army
for
a
Cessation
of
Arms
for
three
Months
.
The
Duke
of
Albany
was
honourably
received
into
his
Country
again
and
had
the
Castle
of
Dunbar
with
the
Earldoms
of
March
and
Mar
conferred
upon
him
and
was
withal
Proclaimed
the
Kings
Lieutenant
General
.
While
things
were
in
this
state
,
the
English
take
the
Castle
of
Berwick
,
the
Town
having
been
surrendred
to
them
before
;
The
Duke
of
Albany
making
a
faint
of
relieving
the
same
,
but
did
nothing
.
At
length
the
Duke
accompanied
with
the
Chancellor
,
Archbishop
of
St.
Andrews
and
others
,
went
to
Sterling
to
pay
the
Queen
and
Prince
a
visit
;
they
had
not
been
there
long
when
the
Queen
entering
into
a
secret
Conference
with
the
Duke
(
unknown
to
the
rest
)
about
the
King's
Confinement
;
and
urging
how
noble
and
generous
,
as
well
as
advantagious
an
act
it
would
be
in
him
to
imploy
his
power
for
his
releasement
,
he
consents
to
the
undertaking
;
and
so
returning
to
Edenburg
,
besieged
the
Castle
and
took
it
,
remov'd
the
Earl
of
Athol
,
and
so
sets
the
King
and
all
his
Servants
at
liberty
;
for
which
extraordinary
favour
,
the
King
shewed
him
great
tokens
of
his
affections
,
but
they
were
not
long-lived
;
for
the
remembrance
of
old
offences
are
of
greater
force
in
a
degenerous
and
impotent
mind
than
fresh
kindnesses
.
And
to
foment
his
jealousies
,
he
had
always
those
at
his
Elbow
,
who
never
ceased
to
upbraid
the
Duke
to
him
,
of
affecting
too
much
popularity
,
and
to
construe
the
same
as
an
infallible
sign
of
his
intentions
to
snatch
at
the
Crown
when
ever
a
fit
opportunity
presented
.
The
Duke
,
who
was
not
ignorant
of
those
jealousies
,
entertained
of
him
,
and
at
last
finding
there
was
a
design
formed
against
him
,
of
no
less
than
taking
away
his
Life
,
and
that
(
as
appeared
)
by
poyson
,
withdraws
privily
into
Dunbar
Castle
:
And
the
King
,
as
conscious
of
his
evil
doings
,
fearing
the
displeasure
of
his
Nobles
,
hereupon
withdraws
also
into
the
Castle
of
Edenburg
;
where
the
Earls
of
Angus
,
Buchan
and
others
forsook
him
,
and
assisted
the
Duke
;
But
the
King
being
haunted
still
by
his
Evil
Spirits
(
I
mean
)
those
vile
fellows
,
whom
he
had
again
placed
about
his
Person
,
he
summoned
the
Duke
and
his
adherents
,
to
appear
and
answer
for
such
treasonable
Crimes
as
he
had
to
lay
to
their
Charge
;
and
withall
prepared
an
Army
to
Besiege
Dunbar
,
which
the
Duke
having
notice
off
,
he
flies
into
England
:
And
afterwards
being
accompanied
with
the
Earl
of
Dowglass
and
others
was
engaged
to
invade
the
Marches
of
his
own
Country
,
but
meeting
with
ill
success
,
and
being
checked
by
the
King
of
England
for
his
ill
Conduct
,
he
grew
sullen
thereupon
,
and
withdrew
secretly
into
France
;
where
not
long
after
,
according
to
the
usual
fate
of
his
Family
,
running
at
Tilts
with
Lewis
Duke
of
Orleans
,
he
was
wounded
with
the
splinter
of
a
Spear
,
and
thereof
Dyed
.
So
that
here
is
two
of
them
gone
,
the
fate
of
the
third
is
now
approaching
,
with
winged
hast
;
For
the
King
having
once
got
a
Peace
with
the
English
,
and
the
Castle
of
Dunbar
into
his
hands
,
which
seemed
for
some
time
to
put
a
check
upon
his
exorbitance
,
he
returns
to
his
old
haunts
,
gives
himself
over
not
only
to
be
guided
by
Favourites
and
mean
Persons
as
before
,
who
were
his
Leeches
to
drain
his
Subjects
,
to
satiate
his
covetous
desires
,
but
to
unlawful
pleasure
with
loose
Women
:
Among
the
men
Favourites
John
Ramsey
saved
(
as
you
have
heard
before
)
by
the
Kings
importunity
from
an
Halter
,
was
chief
:
This
Man
having
been
advanced
to
the
dignity
of
Lord
Stuard
K
of
the
ing's
Houshold
,
and
endowed
with
many
large
demesns
,
became
so
elated
in
mind
,
that
not
being
content
with
that
large
fortune
,
nothing
would
serve
,
but
he
must
have
an
order
that
none
besides
himself
and
his
Companions
should
go
armed
in
those
places
where
the
King
resided
,
designing
by
this
devise
to
fortifie
himself
and
his
Faction
against
the
Nobility
of
the
Kingdom
,
whom
he
found
to
go
frequently
armed
themselves
,
and
accompanied
with
such
as
were
well
provided
for
their
defence
:
But
this
Edict
procured
him
more
hatred
,
than
it
wrought
fear
in
his
Enemies
.
In
the
mean
time
the
King
minded
nothing
as
much
as
to
gratifie
his
mind
with
the
blood
of
those
,
who
were
thought
to
be
the
Authors
of
Rebellion
:
And
seeing
he
could
not
bring
about
his
purposes
,
he
endeavours
to
surprise
them
by
cunning
,
for
feigning
to
be
reconciled
to
one
of
them
after
another
,
he
entertained
them
with
that
gentleness
,
and
in
so
soothing
a
manner
as
came
below
the
Dignity
of
a
Prince
to
do
.
Others
of
them
who
excelled
in
Riches
and
Power
,
he
accumulated
with
Rewards
and
Honours
,
making
David
Lindsey
Earl
Crawford
,
Duke
of
Montross
;
and
George
Earl
of
Angus
he
would
have
frequently
in
his
Company
,
carrying
it
so
,
by
communicating
his
secret
Counsels
unto
him
,
as
if
he
were
throuhgly
reconciled
.
But
his
Rewards
and
Blandishments
had
but
little
effect
upon
any
of
them
,
in
respect
to
any
opinion
his
Sincerity
;
for
they
who
knew
his
disposition
doubted
not
but
all
that
semblance
of
Goodness
and
Favour
tended
to
no
other
end
than
either
to
surprise
them
,
one
after
another
,
or
to
set
them
at
variance
one
against
another
,
which
when
he
had
got
the
chief
of
Nobility
to
Edenburg
did
more
clearly
appear
;
for
having
sent
for
Dowglass
to
him
into
the
Castle
,
he
shewed
him
what
a
brave
opportunity
he
now
had
to
be
revenged
on
them
,
for
if
he
did
but
secure
the
Heads
of
the
Factions
and
punish
them
,
the
rest
would
be
quiet
:
That
if
he
lett
his
opportunity
that
presented
it self
,
slip
,
he
could
never
afterward
hope
for
such
another
.
Dowglass
,
who
well
knew
that
the
Kings
mind
was
as
implacable
towards
him
as
the
rest
of
them
,
cunningly
discusses
that
rash
and
evil
Counsel
;
arguing
with
him
,
what
a
base
and
flagitious
offence
all
the
world
would
look
upon
it
to
be
,
if
he
should
without
due
Process
of
Law
,
suddenly
hale
to
execution
so
many
Illustrious
Persons
,
to
whom
he
was
reconciled
,
as
having
given
his
Royal
Word
for
pardoning
of
what
was
past
,
and
that
not
long
since
,
and
now
secur'd
with
the
Publick
Faith
;
for
the
fierce
and
enraged
minds
of
Enemies
,
would
not
be
broken
with
the
ruine
of
a
few
,
and
coming
once
to
despair
of
Pardon
,
they
would
turn
their
wrath
into
fury
,
and
the
consequence
of
that
would
be
,
that
they
would
grow
more
stobborn
and
obstinate
,
and
less
value
the
King's
Authority
,
and
their
own
lives
;
and
if
your
Highness
will
take
my
Counsel
,
continued
the
Earl
,
I●ll
put
you
in
a
way
,
whereby
to
salve
the
King's
Honour
and
Dignity
,
and
that
revenge
may
at
the
same
time
be
prosecuted
:
For
I
having
gathered
my
Friends
and
Tenants
together
,
will
openly
and
in
the
day
time
lay
hold
of
them
;
and
then
you
may
try
them
where
you
will
,
and
punish
them
as
you
please
;
and
this
will
be
not
only
more
Honourable
,
but
also
more
safe
for
the
King
,
than
if
they
should
be
killed
at
unawares
in
the
Night
,
as
it
were
by
Thiefs
.
The
King
believing
the
Earl
spoke
what
he
thought
(
for
he
knew
well
enough
,
that
he
was
able
to
perform
what
he
promised
)
he
gave
him
many
thanks
for
his
advise
,
and
dismissed
him
laden
with
large
Promises
of
Reward
.
The
Earl
having
warned
the
Peers
to
take
care
of
their
safety
,
and
to
withdraw
from
the
imminent
danger
that
hung
over
their
Heads
,
does
himself
also
retire
to
a
place
of
safety
.
The
King
from
hence
forwards
finding
his
secret
Counsels
laid
open
,
and
not
daring
to
trust
any
body
,
betook
himself
to
the
Castle
of
Edenburg
;
and
from
thence
being
conveyed
by
Sea
to
the
Countries
beyond
the
Forth
,
which
still
were
obedient
to
him
,
did
in
a
short
time
levy
a
good
Army
.
And
now
the
Nobility
,
who
before
designed
nothing
,
but
that
the
King
should
amend
in
his
male
administration
,
finding
all
accommodation
with
him
desperate
,
and
his
evil
disposition
incurable
,
bend
all
their
Counsels
to
remove
him
.
A
bad
Steward
(
its
most
certain
)
he
had
been
,
and
now
they
are
resolved
to
call
him
to
a
severe
account
for
the
same
.
The
great
difficulty
that
stood
in
their
way
,
and
,
which
they
were
deliberating
to
remove
,
was
,
whom
they
should
appoint
to
be
their
Captain
,
who
when
the
King
were
brought
to
a
compliance
,
might
be
constituted
Vicegerent
of
the
Kingdom
:
It
was
adjudged
highly
necessary
it
should
be
a
person
,
that
was
pleasing
to
the
Commonallity
,
of
an
Illustrious
Name
,
That
the
Faction
might
not
be
opprest
and
weakned
out
of
an
envy
to
his
Greatness
;
and
at
last
after
they
had
thought
of
one
and
another
,
they
pitched
unanimously
upon
the
King
's
own
Son
,
the
Prince
of
Scotland
,
who
being
taken
from
his
Keepers
and
Governours
of
his
tender
years
,
was
urged
to
a
speedy
compliance
,
for
if
otherwise
,
they
were
resolved
to
transfer
the
Kingdom
into
the
hands
of
the
King
of
England
,
who
would
take
care
to
root
out
him
and
his
Family
for
the
better
security
of
it
.
Now
the
King
had
past
over
the
Forth
,
and
pitched
his
Tents
at
a
place
called
Blackness
,
and
the
Sons
Army
,
ready
prepared
to
give
Battle
were
not
a
far
off
:
But
by
the
mediation
of
the
Earl
of
Athol
the
King's
Uncle
,
things
were
at
present
brought
to
an
accommodation
,
and
Athol
himself
was
delivered
as
an
Hostage
,
to
Adam
Hepborn
Earl
of
Bothwell
,
in
whose
custody
he
remained
till
the
K.
death
,
which
now
was
not
far
off
.
But
the
agreement
as
being
between
such
as
had
an
incurable
jealousie
of
one
another
,
did
not
last
long
:
In
the
mean
time
Couriers
and
Mediators
past
continually
from
one
to
another
,
at
last
the
Lords
gave
determinate
answer
;
That
seeing
the
King
acted
nothing
sincerely
with
an
intention
to
perform
,
they
adjudged
it
better
to
be
engaged
in
a
certain
War
than
a
delusive
and
treacherous
Peace
;
That
the
only
hopes
of
agreement
was
if
the
King
would
Abdicate
the
Throne
,
and
have
his
Son
advanced
in
his
room
;
if
not
,
it
would
be
to
no
purpose
for
them
to
try
and
frustrate
one
another
with
Conferences
:
The
King
not
to
be
wanting
to
himself
in
this
desperate
Fortune
,
orders
his
Embassadors
in
England
and
France
,
to
communicate
this
answer
to
those
Kings
,
whom
he
earnestly
sollicites
to
make
use
of
their
Authority
,
or
if
need
were
,
their
Forces
too
in
his
behalf
,
for
the
repressing
of
the
insolence
of
a
few
Rebels
,
and
reduce
them
to
Reason
and
their
Duty
,
and
to
esteem
his
Fortune
common
with
their
to
own
,
and
such
as
might
by
the
Contagion
thereof
easily
creep
to
other
Nations
:
He
sent
also
to
Eugenius
IIII.
Pope
of
Rome
,
to
intreat
him
out
of
his
Paternal
care
and
love
to
the
Scotish
Name
and
Nation
,
to
send
a
Legate
into
Scotland
to
enforce
the
Rebells
,
according
to
the
Authority
of
his
Holiness's
Power
and
Jurisdiction
,
to
lay
down
their
Arms
and
obey
their
King
.
The
Pope
having
one
Adrian
Castlean
for
his
Legate
in
England
,
a
Man
of
great
Learning
and
Prudence
,
he
Writes
to
him
to
use
his
endeavour
to
compose
the
Scotch
Affairs
,
and
bring
them
to
a
settlement
.
But
this
came
a
day
after
the
fare
;
for
the
Lords
who
knew
well
enough
that
these
proceedings
of
the
King
abroad
were
in
agitation
,
and
withall
that
his
mind
was
implacable
towards
them
,
resolved
,
before
he
should
have
an
opportunity
to
augment
the
number
of
his
Forces
,
to
try
it
out
by
Arms
;
and
though
they
had
the
Kings
Son
with
them
,
as
well
to
manifest
their
Authority
to
the
Common
People
,
as
to
shew
that
they
were
not
angry
with
or
had
no
quarrel
against
their
Country
,
but
a
pernicious
King
,
who
would
have
ruined
them
;
yet
least
the
minds
of
the
people
should
be
alienated
by
the
cunning
or
forreign
Ambassadors
and
other
accidents
that
attend
procrastination
,
they
were
busied
night
and
day
how
to
commit
all
to
the
hazard
of
a
Battle
:
But
the
Kings
timerousness
was
an
obstacle
to
their
eagerness
and
hast
,
who
because
he
had
ordered
considerable
Levies
to
be
made
,
for
the
augmentation
of
the
Troops
he
had
on
foot
already
,
in
the
northern
parts
of
the
Kingdom
,
did
in
the
mean
time
keep
himself
close
within
the
Castle
of
Edenburg
:
But
that
he
might
precipitate
his
fate
,
he
was
brought
by
his
Followers
,
whether
designedly
or
ignorantly
is
uncertain
,
to
forsake
this
wholsome
Counsel
which
he
looked
upon
to
be
safest
for
him
;
for
they
perswaded
him
,
that
by
reason
of
the
frequent
tides
there
,
which
might
cause
delay
and
danger
to
them
that
were
about
to
meet
together
;
it
were
more
adviseable
he
should
go
to
Sterling
Castle
,
the
best
situated
place
of
any
,
for
gathering
of
Forces
together
out
of
all
parts
of
the
Kingdom
:
That
he
would
be
as
safe
there
as
in
Edenburg
Castle
,
seeing
his
Enemies
were
unprepared
of
all
things
necessary
for
a
Siege
,
That
his
Fleet
also
which
he
had
prepared
to
be
an
help
to
him
at
all
adventures
,
might
be
at
hand
:
This
advice
did
indeed
seem
to
be
sound
and
real
,
and
had
been
safe
enough
in
all
probability
in
the
event
,
had
it
not
been
that
the
Governour
of
the
Castle
being
corrupted
by
the
opposite
Faction
,
excluded
him
from
admittance
:
And
now
all
things
conspire
to
his
ruin
,
for
the
Lords
were
now
at
his
heels
,
that
he
could
not
possibly
retire
to
the
Castle
of
Edenburg
again
,
and
the
Forces
raised
by
the
Earls
of
Huntley
,
Errol
,
Athol
and
diverse
other
Noblemen
who
stuck
to
him
,
and
which
,
they
said
,
amounted
to
the
number
of
Forty
Thousand
Men
,
being
not
yet
come
up
,
he
would
not
stay
for
them
,
and
so
with
those
Forces
he
had
with
him
hazards
a
Battle
:
The
Battle
was
at
first
very
fierce
,
and
the
first
Wing
of
the
Nob●es
Army
gave
way
,
but
the
Annandalians
and
their
Neighbours
,
who
inhabite
the
Western
parts
of
Scotland
,
press
hard
upon
the
Kings
Forces
,
and
with
their
huge
Spears
,
much
longer
than
their
Adversaries
,
quickly
broke
the
King's
main
Body
,
who
finding
now
it
was
in
vain
to
stand
it
,
and
being
injured
with
the
fall
of
his
Horse
,
retires
to
a
Mill
that
was
not
far
off
from
the
place
of
Battle
,
with
a
design
,
as
was
thought
,
to
get
aboard
his
Ships
which
were
not
far
off
,
where
being
taken
with
a
few
more
he
was
slain
:
It
's
not
fully
agreed
who
killed
him
,
but
pursued
he
was
to
the
foresaid
place
by
Patrick
Grey
,
Sterling
Keiry
,
and
a
Priest
whose
name
was
Borthick
;
and
who
,
it
was
said
,
being
asked
by
the
King
for
a
Confessor
,
roughly
replied
,
That
though
he
was
no
good
Priest
,
yet
he
was
a
good
Leech
,
and
with
that
stab'd
him
to
the
Heart
:
And
here
you
see
how
contemptible
the
Majesty
of
a
Prince
is
,
that
is
sullied
with
degenerous
actions
;
and
there
was
this
further
ignominy
affixed
to
his
Death
,
That
it
was
enacted
in
the
next
Sessions
of
Parliament
,
that
he
Justly
suffered
,
and
strictly
forbidden
that
any
who
had
bore
Arms
against
him
or
thier
descendants
,
should
be
upbraided
therewith
.
Young
he
was
,
being
about
35
years
when
he
died
,
and
of
them
had
Reigned
near
Twenty
Eight
,
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
1488.
James
Stuart
IV.
began
his
Reign
An.
1488.
The
Son
who
had
headed
this
Army
,
is
now
advanced
to
the
Father's
Throne
,
and
known
by
the
name
of
James
the
IV.
being
then
about
Sixteen
years
of
Age.
Wood
,
who
Commanded
the
Ships
before
mentioned
,
was
with
great
difficulty
brought
to
submit
,
and
did
afterward
this
King
great
Service
;
who
it
seems
had
some
remorse
for
his
contributing
so
much
to
his
Fathers
Death
,
for
in
token
thereof
he
wore
continually
an
Iron
Chain
about
his
middle
,
all
the
days
of
his
life
,
made
frequent
visits
to
Religious
places
,
&c.
all
which
methinks
seems
to
have
been
put
upon
him
by
some
crafty
Priest
,
tho
Historians
are
silent
in
that
particular
;
but
he
had
hardly
been
warm
in
his
Throne
,
when
those
Nobles
that
were
of
his
Father's
Party
,
sent
their
Emissaries
to
all
the
parts
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
exhort
one
another
,
not
to
endure
the
present
state
of
things
;
That
so
many
brave
Men
should
not
suffer
such
publick
paricides
who
had
murdred
one
King
,
and
kept
the
other
in
servitude
,
so
proudly
to
illude
them
,
and
to
charge
them
with
being
guilty
of
High-Treason
,
who
fought
for
the
King's
defence
and
safety
;
but
that
they
should
arrogate
to
themselves
who
were
violators
of
all
Divine
and
Humane
Laws
,
the
title
of
being
defenders
of
the
Honour
and
Dignity
of
the
Commonwealth
,
and
preservers
of
their
Country
,
in
whose
hands
the
King
himself
was
not
free
;
as
being
enforced
,
first
to
take
up
Arms
against
his
Father
and
King
,
and
having
,
wickedly
slain
him
,
to
prosecute
his
Father's
Friends
,
and
such
ns
engaged
in
his
defence
by
an
unjust
and
Cruel
War
,
that
was
intollerable
.
When
many
things
of
this
nature
had
been
bandyed
about
amongst
the
Common
People
,
Alexander
Forbes
,
to
excite
in
them
a
greater
hatred
towards
the
present
Administration
,
caused
the
dead
King
's
bloody
Shirt
to
be
hung
up
on
a
long
Pole
,
and
exposed
publickly
at
Aberdeen
,
and
other
places
where
there
was
great
concourse
of
People
;
This
being
as
it
were
a
publick
Edict
to
stir
up
all
Men
to
revenge
so
foul
a
Deed.
Nay
,
many
of
them
who
had
engaged
with
them
actually
in
the
slaughter
,
finding
that
all
things
did
not
go
as
they
would
have
it
,
now
joyned
with
these
Malecontents
.
And
as
things
were
transacted
in
these
parts
about
Aberdeen
much
to
the
new
King's
prejudice
,
Matthew
Stewart
Earl
of
Levins
,
a
popular
and
potent
Man
in
his
Country
,
summons
all
such
as
he
had
influence
over
,
this
side
the
Forth
,
to
come
to
him
,
and
having
raised
a
good
body
of
Men
,
finding
he
could
not
make
his
way
over
Sterling
Bridge
,
which
was
guarded
by
the
Royalists
,
he
hastens
towards
a
Ford
,
not
far
from
the
River-head
,
at
the
foot
of
Mount
Grampias
,
with
a
design
to
joyn
with
his
Friends
in
those
parts
:
Now
when
John
Drummond
had
notice
hereof
by
Alexander
Mac
Alpin
his
Tenant
,
and
who
had
joyned
the
Enemy
,
and
found
plainly
,
that
all
things
were
so
careless
and
secure
in
the
Enemies
Camp
,
that
they
dispearsed
themselves
up
and
down
as
every
one
pleased
,
and
had
no
Centry
,
nor
Scouts
,
and
destitute
of
all
Military
Order
and
Discipline
;
he
immediately
with
the
Courtiers
and
a
few
Voluntiers
he
had
with
him
,
sets
upon
them
un-a-wares
and
in
a
manner
all
asleep
,
which
was
in
too
many
of
them
continued
by
Death
,
the
rest
unarm'd
run
back
headlong
from
whence
they
came
,
and
many
were
made
Prisoners
,
but
some
known
Friends
and
Acquaintance
were
let
go
,
they
were
severe
only
upon
such
as
wrote
or
spoke
very
contumeliously
of
the
Government
;
and
so
this
storm
blew
over
,
and
not
long
after
a
Parliament
was
called
,
wherein
past
a
general
Act
of
Indemnity
,
so
that
now
nothing
was
expected
here
but
Halcyon
Days
,
but
a
Storm
quickly
arose
which
terribly
shook
not
only
this
,
but
the
Kingdom
of
England
also
,
by
one
Perkin
Warbeck's
pretending
himself
to
be
Richard
Duke
of
York
,
and
second
Son
to
King
Edward
IV.
and
so
to
have
an
undoubted
Right
to
the
Crown
of
England
.
He
came
over
from
France
into
Scotland
and
possest
this
King
so
far
with
a
belief
of
his
Right
and
the
Justice
of
his
Cause
,
that
he
not
only
gave
him
the
Lady
Margaret
,
the
Earl
of
Huntley's
Daughter
,
for
a
Wife
;
but
also
raised
an
Army
to
defend
his
Cause
,
which
took
up
some
Years
of
his
Reign
little
enough
to
his
or
the
Kingdoms
Commodity
and
Advantage
.
At
last
a
Truce
for
some
Years
was
agreed
on
between
him
and
the
King
of
England
,
and
the
Consequence
of
that
was
first
orders
for
Perkin
,
of
whom
you
may
read
at
large
in
my
Lord
Bacon's
History
of
Henry
VII
.
to
depart
the
Realm
of
Scotland
;
then
a
Marriage
between
King
James
and
the
Lady
Margaret
,
Henry
VIIth's
Daughter
,
and
lastly
a
Peace
between
both
Kings
during
their
Lives
.
This
Kings
Reign
is
remarkable
upon
many
accounts
,
which
being
not
the
scope
of
this
Treatise
,
we
designedly
omit
:
But
one
passage
I
meet
with
in
Lesley's
History
of
this
Kingdom
,
which
for
the
rarity
of
it
I
cannot
omit
,
and
hope
the
Reader
will
not
think
it
an
Impertinent
Digression
.
About
this
time
,
says
the
aforesaid
Author
,
The
King
(
to
tell
you
a
business
that
to
this
day
is
remembred
with
great
Laughter
among
the
Roman
people
)
created
a
certain
Italian
,
with
whose
Wit
and
Pleasant
Conversation
he
was
much
taken
,
Abbot
of
Tungland
;
This
man
,
thinking
to
magnifie
his
own
parts
,
did
on
a
certain
time
perswade
the
King
,
that
he
was
so
well
skilled
in
the
Secrets
of
Nature
and
more
especially
in
the
noble
Science
of
Chimistry
,
that
he
could
transmute
any
other
Metal
into
Gold
,
if
the
King
would
please
to
bear
the
Charges
thereof
;
But
after
much
Time
and
Treasure
spent
,
and
long
Expectation
of
this
Glorious
Effect
,
all
proved
Abortive
,
and
came
to
nothing
;
so
that
the
vain
Braccadocio
fell
into
great
contempt
both
by
the
King
and
People
,
which
grieved
him
very
sore
;
so
that
he
sets
all
his
Wits
on
work
how
he
might
do
somewhat
that
might
regain
his
fame
in
the
world
,
and
at
the
same
,
recover
the
King's
Favour
.
At
last
he
gave
out
a
Report
,
that
he
would
by
flying
be
in
France
,
before
the
Kings
Ambassadors
,
who
were
sent
thither
and
were
then
actually
under
sail
,
to
pursue
their
Voyage
;
and
that
this
might
not
be
all
talk
without
any
Performance
,
he
boldly
appointed
a
Day
and
Place
,
which
was
Sterling
from
whence
to
begin
his
flight
,
the
noise
whereof
brought
(
you
may
be
sure
)
a
great
concourse
of
People
together
,
among
whom
was
the
King
himself
.
When
the
Time
was
come
,
the
man
gets
up
to
the
Top
of
Sterling
Castle
,
and
having
fastned
the
Wings
which
he
had
made
of
the
Feathers
of
several
Fowls
,
to
his
sides
,
he
lifts
himself
into
the
Air
,
thinking
to
pursue
his
course
.
But
alas
,
he
came
quickly
down
headlong
to
the
ground
,
his
Wings
availing
him
nothing
,
whereupon
the
people
,
who
knew
not
whether
they
should
rather
Rebuke
his
Presumption
,
or
Pity
his
Misfortune
,
flocked
about
him
,
and
asked
him
how
he
did
,
he
made
Answer
that
he
had
broken
his
Thigh-bone
,
and
despaired
of
ever
flying
any
more
,
at
which
they
all
laughed
their
fill
:
But
this
Icarus
,
to
salve
the
matter
,
laid
the
fault
of
his
flying
wholly
upon
his
Wings
,
because
they
were
not
made
of
Eagles
Feathers
and
the
like
,
but
only
of
Poultry
which
were
not
fit
to
cut
the
Air
with
flight
,
and
which
by
a
certain
innate
Virtue
,
operating
according
to
the
Nature
of
those
Fowl
,
drew
the
Feathers
downwards
to
the
Dunghill
where
those
Birds
fed
.
But
to
re-assume
the
Thread
of
our
Story
,
things
continued
in
a
tollerable
state
of
Tranquillity
,
till
the
death
of
Henry
VII
.
the
King's
Father-in-law
;
but
Henry
VIII
.
a
young
,
ambitious
,
and
active
Prince
,
had
not
long
mounted
the
English
Throne
,
when
he
makes
Preparations
to
recover
his
Right
in
the
Kingdom
of
France
.
The
French
King
to
fortifie
himself
as
much
as
possible
against
the
impending
Storm
,
requir'd
Aid
of
the
King
of
Scotland
;
who
,
by
his
Embassadors
,
would
have
accommodated
Matters
,
and
perswaded
both
Kings
to
a
Peace
:
But
King
Henry
persisting
in
his
Resolution
,
the
Scot
,
won
by
French
Promises
of
Money
and
Ammunition
,
joyns
with
them
in
League
against
England
;
and
because
the
English
Commissioners
appointed
to
accommodate
the
Differences
between
both
Nations
,
about
some
Irregularities
and
Depredations
,
committed
upon
the
Borders
,
would
not
come
up
to
their
Terms
,
James
takes
this
occasion
to
send
Lyon
King
at
Arms
to
King
Henry
,
by
this
time
besieging
Terwin
,
with
Letters
of
Complaints
,
commanding
him
,
for
want
of
satisfying
the
Contents
of
the
said
Letters
,
to
denounce
War
against
England
.
When
Henry
had
read
the
Letters
,
and
advised
with
his
Council
thereupon
,
he
told
the
Herauld
he
would
make
him
answer
,
If
he
would
promise
faithfully
to
declare
the
same
to
his
Master
;
Lyon
replied
,
Whatever
his
Master
commanded
him
to
say
to
others
,
that
he
was
obliged
to
do
,
and
would
;
but
for
the
Commands
of
others
to
his
Master
,
therein
he
desired
to
be
excused
,
but
added
,
your
Highness
Letters
that
declare
your
Pleasure
,
I
am
willing
to
carry
,
tho'
your
Answer
requires
doing
,
and
not
saying
,
I
mean
,
that
you
should
immediately
return
home
:
The
King
sharply
retorted
,
I
'll
return
at
my
own
Pleasure
to
your
Damage
,
and
not
at
thy
Master's
Summons
;
and
so
delivers
him
a
Letter
to
carry
to
his
Master
,
importing
he
had
receiv'd
his
Full
of
frivolous
Complaints
,
which
had
been
sufficiently
answer'd
before
,
sharply
sets
forth
the
baseness
of
the
Scotch
Nation
,
but
says
at
the
same
time
it
was
always
their
Ancestors
custom
,
to
invade
his
Dominions
in
his
absence
,
which
they
never
offered
nor
durst
do
while
he
was
within
the
Land
;
but
however
that
he
had
taken
caution
for
his
security
,
and
would
not
desist
from
his
present
enterprize
,
which
the
Scotch
King
had
nothing
to
do
with
,
as
being
no
Competent
Judge
(
for
so
the
words
are
)
of
so
high
Authority
to
require
him
in
that
behalf
,
&c.
But
before
the
Herault
arrived
,
and
the
Letters
could
be
delivered
,
King
James
had
precipitated
his
own
fall
at
Floddenfield
.
For
having
dispatched
Commissions
for
the
raising
of
Forces
,
he
determines
to
put
himself
at
the
head
of
them
before
they
were
fully
Compleated
;
but
first
goes
to
a
place
called
Limuch
and
there
heard
even
Song
,
as
they
called
it
,
where
after
he
had
entred
the
Chappel
,
came
an
old
man
to
him
,
whose
hair
was
somewhat
of
a
yellow
red
hanging
down
over
his
Shouldiers
,
his
Forehead
high
with
Baldness
,
bare
Headed
,
clad
in
a
Blewish
Garment
with
a
white
Girdle
,
and
had
a
very
Reverend
Countenance
,
and
said
;
King
I
am
sent
to
admonish
thee
that
thou
go
not
forward
to
the
place
which
thou
hast
determined
,
which
warning
if
thou
dost
despise
,
it
shall
succeed
ill
with
thee
,
and
all
such
as
shall
attend
thee
:
Further
I
am
Commanded
,
to
give
thee
Intelligence
before-hand
,
that
thou
eschew
the
familiarity
and
Custom
or
Counsell
of
Women
,
if
thou
do
otherwise
,
it
shall
tend
to
thy
Dishonour
and
Hurt
:
And
when
he
had
so
said
,
he
mingled
himself
with
other
Company
,
and
when
Prayers
were
over
,
and
that
the
K.
sought
for
him
,
he
could
by
no
means
be
found
;
for
he
was
never
seen
after
the
delivery
of
this
Message
,
which
seemed
the
more
strange
,
because
that
many
who
stood
near
him
,
and
observing
all
he
said
,
and
intent
to
hear
more
from
him
,
could
not
perceive
his
departure
;
of
which
Number
David
Linsey
,
a
Person
of
known
Virtue
and
approved
Reputation
,
was
one
,
who
told
me
the
same
(
saith
Buchanan
)
of
a
most
certain
truth
,
or
else
I
would
have
past
it
over
for
a
Fable
,
handed
down
to
us
by
Common
Fame
.
But
no
premonitions
from
Heaven
,
nor
Advises
upon
Earth
could
divert
the
Career
of
this
willfull
Prince
,
but
on
he
goes
towards
Edenburg
,
and
there
takes
a
review
of
his
Army
,
and
hastily
marches
towards
the
English
Borders
;
takes
in
several
lesser
places
,
and
Ravages
the
nighest
parts
of
Northumberland
.
In
the
mean
time
the
King
quite
contrary
to
the
premonition
aforesaid
being
ensnared
with
the
Beauty
of
a
Noble
Captive
,
(
she
was
Hern's
Wife
of
Ford
)
neglected
Military
Discipline
,
and
his
Army
lying
idle
,
and
in
a
Barren
Country
where
Provisions
were
very
scarce
;
a
great
part
of
them
in
d●scontent
,
disband
and
forsake
the
Service
;
so
that
there
were
none
but
the
Nobles
with
their
Kindred
and
a
few
Tenants
that
staid
behind
:
For
the
greater
part
were
of
opinion
,
they
should
not
tarry
any
longer
in
a
Country
that
was
so
Poor
,
and
withal
,
Plundered
,
but
rather
to
Besiege
Berwick
,
which
they
had
left
behind
them
;
since
the
taking
thereof
alone
would
be
much
more
Honourable
and
advantagious
than
all
the
adjacent
Garrisons
;
and
that
the
taking
thereof
would
not
be
difficult
,
seeing
the
Town
and
Castle
were
unprovided
to
make
any
considerable
resistance
.
The
King
who
supposed
there
was
nothing
too
hard
for
his
Arms
,
especially
now
the
English
were
imployed
in
the
French
Wars
,
and
being
buoy'd
up
by
the
flattery
of
his
Courtiers
,
judged
he
could
do
that
easily
in
his
return
;
but
while
he
lay
loitering
at
Ford
,
came
an
English
Herauld
into
his
Camp
,
requiring
him
to
appoint
a
day
and
place
where
both
Armies
might
give
Battle
;
whereupon
the
King
calls
a
Councell
of
War
,
wherein
the
greatest
part
were
of
opinion
that
it
was
most
advisable
they
should
return
home
,
least
they
might
with
so
small
a
Force
hazard
the
State
of
the
whole
Country
,
especially
seeing
they
had
already
obtained
sufficient
Renown
,
Glory
,
and
Riches
,
and
fully
satisfied
the
League
of
Friendship
made
with
the
French
;
neither
could
there
be
any
appearance
of
reason
,
that
they
who
were
now
so
much
diminished
in
their
number
,
and
so
weakned
with
the
Fatigues
they
had
undergone
,
should
now
be
exposed
to
so
great
a
multitude
of
English
daily
increasing
with
Re-inforcements
;
for
it
was
Rumored
then
,
that
the
Lord
Thomas
Howard
was
arrived
in
the
English
Camp
with
Six
Thousand
old
Soldiers
from
before
Turwin
.
And
for
the
further
inforcing
hereof
,
it
was
moreover
added
,
That
if
the
King
did
depart
,
the
English
Army
must
necessarily
seperate
,
and
could
not
be
drawn
together
that
Year
again
,
as
being
to
march
from
the
remotest
Parts
of
the
Kingdom
:
But
and
if
the
King
must
needs
fight
,
that
then
it
were
more
advisable
he
should
do
it
in
his
own
Kingdom
,
keeping
the
appointment
both
of
the
Time
and
Place
,
always
in
his
own
Power
;
But
when
the
French
Ambassador
and
such
Mercenary
Courtiers
as
took
French
Pensions
,
opposed
these
Arguments
,
the
King
,
who
was
eager
for
Battle
and
to
hasten
his
own
Ruin
,
was
easily
perswaded
to
wait
for
the
Enemy
,
in
that
Place
.
In
the
mean
time
when
the
English
did
not
advance
and
engage
at
the
day
appointed
by
the
Herault
;
the
Scotch
Nobility
laid
hold
of
the
opportunity
afresh
to
go
to
the
King
,
before
whom
they
laid
the
matter
home
again
;
Alledging
,
That
the
reason
why
they
declined
Battle
,
was
an
Artifice
of
the
Enemy
only
to
gain
time
'till
all
their
Forces
were
come
together
,
while
the
Scotch
dwindled
away
more
and
more
;
and
therefore
it
was
high
time
they
should
have
recourse
to
the
like
Pollicy
,
and
since
the
Enemy
failed
of
their
word
,
it
was
no
ways
disgracefull
to
the
Scots
either
to
return
into
their
own
Country
without
giving
them
Battle
,
or
to
Fight
within
their
own
Limits
;
of
which
Councel
the
first
was
infallibly
the
best
,
but
if
that
were
not
approved
off
,
there
was
abundant
reason
for
to
execute
the
latter
;
for
seeing
that
the
River
Till
was
not
foardable
for
some
Miles
space
,
and
could
not
be
past
by
the
Army
but
by
one
Bridge
,
there
a
few
might
be
able
to
resist
a
great
multitude
;
besides
,
if
part
of
the
English
Army
were
past
the
Bridge
,
the
same
might
easily
be
broken
,
by
Engines
conveniently
placed
for
that
purpose
,
so
as
to
obstruct
the
passage
of
the
rest
,
to
relieve
them
who
of
necessity
must
be
cut
to
peices
.
But
so
was
the
King
taken
with
his
own
Conceit
,
that
you
had
as
good
have
talked
to
a
dead
Man
as
to
him
,
upon
this
head
;
And
therefore
he
slightingly
said
,
That
if
the
English
Army
were
an
Hundred
Thousand
strong
,
he
would
Fight
them
.
With
which
rash
Answer
the
Nobility
were
very
much
displeased
.
Whereupon
Archibald
Dowglass
,
Earl
of
Angus
,
a
Man
that
far
excelled
the
rest
of
the
Nobles
,
both
in
Years
and
Authority
,
endeavoured
in
a
gentle
Oration
to
alter
the
King's
Resolutions
,
enlarges
upon
and
shews
the
reasonableness
and
advantage
of
the
former
Counsells
given
him
by
the
Nobility
;
for
he
made
it
appear
,
that
the
King
had
been
punctual
in
the
League
with
France
and
gratified
their
Request
,
in
that
he
had
now
turned
the
English
Arms
before
bent
against
the
French
,
against
himself
,
and
against
his
own
Country
;
and
had
so
ordered
his
own
Affairs
,
that
those
great
Armies
should
neither
injure
France
,
nor
endamage
Scotland
,
seeing
they
were
not
long
able
to
keep
the
field
in
those
cold
Countries
and
a
Barren
Soyl
,
Unfurnished
of
necessaries
for
the
support
of
Life
through
the
Calamy
of
the
late
Wars
,
and
which
at
best
produced
but
little
Corn
;
but
Winter
was
drawing
near
which
in
those
Northern
parts
was
felt
betimes
.
And
(
continued
the
Earl
)
as
for
the
French
Ambassadors
urging
of
us
to
come
to
a
Battle
,
I
cannot
think
that
should
be
looked
upon
as
either
new
or
strange
by
us
,
that
a
Foreigner
who
hath
no
respect
to
the
publick
good
of
this
Kingdom
,
but
to
the
private
interest
of
his
own
Nation
,
should
be
so
lavish
of
other
Mens
blood
:
And
besides
,
his
Request
is
unreasonable
and
impudent
;
for
he
would
have
the
Scots
do
that
which
the
French
King
,
a
Person
of
the
highest
Prudence
,
thinks
not
fit
to
do
for
his
own
Kingdom
and
Honour
;
neither
should
the
miscarriage
of
this
Army
be
looked
upon
by
him
as
a
small
loss
,
because
they
were
not
so
numerous
;
for
all
those
are
here
,
who
excell
either
in
Virtue
,
Authority
and
Counsell
;
and
if
these
be
once
lost
,
the
surviving
Commonalty
will
become
an
easy
prey
to
the
Conquerors
.
What
,
is
it
not
at
present
safer
and
withal
more
profitable
to
protract
the
War
?
For
if
Lewis
thinks
that
the
English
can
either
be
exhausted
by
Expences
,
or
wearied
with
delay
,
what
can
be
better
,
as
to
the
present
State
of
things
,
than
for
us
to
enforce
the
Enemy
to
divide
their
Forces
,
that
we
may
keep
one
part
of
their
Army
to
watch
and
look
after
our
motion
,
making
a
continual
shew
of
our
readiness
to
make
Incursions
,
and
by
putting
of
them
under
a
constant
apprehension
thereof
,
ease
the
burden
of
the
French
by
our
Labour
and
Vigilancy
;
and
I
think
those
men
,
who
I
fear
,
are
more
Valiant
in
Words
than
in
Actions
,
have
sufficiently
Consulted
for
their
Glory
and
Renown
under
which
names
they
would
couch
their
own
temerity
;
for
what
could
have
been
more
honourable
for
the
King
,
than
to
have
rased
so
many
strong
Holds
,
wasted
all
with
Fire
and
Sword
,
and
to
carry
away
so
great
Booty
,
that
several
Years
Peace
will
not
be
able
to
reduce
the
Country
to
its
former
state
;
And
what
greater
benefit
can
we
expect
from
the
War
,
than
that
amidst
such
clashing
of
Armor
and
noise
of
War
,
we
should
enjoy
Rest
with
Wealth
and
Glory
,
to
our
greatest
Praise
and
Commendation
by
refreshing
our
own
Souldiers
,
and
to
the
ignominy
and
shame
of
the
Enemy
?
For
that
sort
of
Victory
which
is
won
more
by
Counsel
than
by
Arms
,
is
a
property
of
Man
,
but
more
peculiarly
agreeable
to
the
Conduct
of
a
great
Captain
,
in
regard
that
the
Soldiers
can
claim
no
manner
of
share
therein
.
Tho'
all
that
were
present
discovered
by
their
Faces
,
their
Consent
hereunto
;
Yet
it
made
no
impressions
upon
the
King
,
who
had
solemnly
Swore
and
was
now
fully
bent
to
Fight
,
and
so
he
Command
Dowglass
,
if
he
was
afraid
of
his
life
to
return
home
.
The
Earl
finding
things
thus
precipitated
through
the
Kings
temerity
,
and
foreseeing
the
dreadful
Event
,
burst
forth
into
Tears
;
and
as
soon
as
he
was
able
to
Speak
,
said
,
If
the
former
course
of
my
Life
did
not
sufficiently
Vindicate
my
Reputation
from
the
opinion
of
Cowardice
,
I
know
of
no
other
reasons
whereby
to
purge
my self
;
I
am
sure
while
this
Body
was
able
to
endure
the
Toils
of
War
and
other
Fatigues
,
I
have
never
been
sparing
to
imploy
the
same
,
for
the
Honour
of
my
King
and
Good
of
my
Country
;
But
seeing
my
Counsells
wherein
alone
I
can
now
be
useful
,
are
despised
,
I
'll
leave
my
two
Sons
,
who
next
my
Country
are
dearest
to
me
,
and
the
rest
of
my
Friends
and
Kindred
,
as
a
certain
pledge
of
my
good
Will
towards
you
and
the
publick
good
;
and
I
pray
unto
God
these
my
fears
may
prove
False
and
Abortive
,
and
that
I
may
rather
be
accounted
a
false
Prophet
,
than
that
what
I
fear
and
seem
to
behold
should
come
to
pass
.
When
he
had
thus
spoken
,
he
packs
up
his
Baggage
and
Departs
;
the
rest
of
the
Nobles
seeing
they
could
not
draw
the
King
to
be
of
their
mind
,
Judged
it
ought
to
be
their
next
care
seeing
they
were
inferiour
in
number
to
the
Enemy
(
for
they
had
learned
by
their
Scouts
that
the
English
Army
was
six
and
twenty
Thousand
strong
was
to
fortify
themselves
by
taking
advantage
of
the
ground
,
and
so
to
pitch
their
Camp
on
the
adjacent
Hill
,
which
was
hard
of
access
and
which
they
Fortifyed
almost
round
with
Cannon
;
in
the
Rear
they
had
Hills
,
from
the
Foot
of
which
to
the
East
was
a
Marsh
that
secured
their
Left
Wing
,
and
on
their
Right
they
had
the
River
Till
,
with
high
Banks
over
which
was
a
Bridge
,
not
far
from
the
Camp
.
The
English
when
they
found
by
their
spies
,
that
there
was
no
approaching
of
the
Scotch
Camp
without
manifest
danger
,
wheeled
off
from
the
River
,
and
made
as
if
they
marched
toward
Berwick
,
and
from
thence
streight
to
the
adjacent
part
of
Scotland
to
Ravage
the
Country
,
and
a
Rumour
of
such
a
design
increased
the
suspicion
thereof
:
Which
Rumour
was
some
Days
before
spread
abroad
,
whether
rashly
or
purposely
feigned
by
the
the
English
,
that
they
might
decoy
the
Scots
from
their
strong
Holds
down
into
the
Plains
.
King
James
thinking
that
not
to
be
endured
,
sets
Fire
to
his
Camp
and
Marched
;
The
smoak
blinded
the
English
so
as
that
they
could
not
discern
the
Enemy
Marching
;
but
at
last
both
Armies
came
to
Flodden
Hills
almost
unknown
to
one
another
.
There
the
English
March
their
Artillery
over
the
Bridge
and
their
Army
past
the
Ford
at
Milsord
,
and
so
draw
up
their
Army
in
Battalia
,
as
the
situation
of
the
ground
,
would
admit
,
but
in
two
Bodies
;
seeming
to
have
a
design
to
cuff
off
the
Scots
Provision
.
In
the
first
Army
the
main
Body
was
Commanded
by
the
Lord
Thomas
Howard
,
Admiral
,
who
not
long
before
was
come
with
a
strong
Re-inforcement
to
the
Army
;
the
Right
Wing
by
Edmund
Howard
,
and
the
Left
by
Marmaduke
Constable
.
The
other
body
was
so
posted
as
if
they
had
been
for
reserves
,
and
also
drawn
up
in
a
tripartite
division
,
the
Right
being
Commanded
by
Dacres
,
the
Left
by
Stanley
,
and
the
Main
Body
by
the
Earl
of
Surrey
,
who
was
General
of
the
whole
Army
.
The
Scots
made
a
forefold
distribution
of
their
Army
,
whereof
the
King
himself
Commanded
the
Main
Body
,
Alexander
Gordon
and
Alexander
Humes
the
Right
Wing
,
Mathew
Stuart
,
Earl
of
Lennox
,
Campell
,
Earl
of
Argile
the
Left
:
And
Hepborn
with
the
rest
of
the
Nobility
of
Lowthian
,
Commanded
the
reserves
.
Gordon
begins
the
Battle
and
quickly
routed
the
Left
Wing
of
the
English
Army
,
but
returning
from
the
Chase
he
found
the
remainder
of
his
Wing
almost
cut
to
pieces
.
For
the
left
Wing
Commanded
by
Lennox
and
Argile
,
being
elated
at
their
Success
,
fell
on
Pell-Mell
without
keeping
their
Ranks
upon
the
Enemy
,
leaving
their
Ensigns
behind-them
:
The
French
Ambassador
doing
all
that
ever
he
could
to
keep
them
back
,
as
foreseeing
,
they
rushed
on
headlong
to
their
inevitable
ruin
;
But
the
English
stood
the
shock
with
undaunted
Bravery
,
and
adding
cunning
to
their
Valour
,
wheeled
a
body
of
their
Men
about
,
which
fell
upon
the
Rear
of
this
disorderly
Rout
and
almost
kill'd
every
Man
of
them
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Main
Body
where
the
King
was
,
with
the
reserves
Commanded
by
Hepborn
,
sought
with
great
obstinacy
,
but
at
last
were
Routed
,
but
night
coming
on
hindred
the
pursuit
.
Next
morning
the
Earl
of
Surrey
sent
out
Dacres
with
a
Party
of
Horse
to
learn
Intelligence
,
who
coming
to
the
field
of
Battle
and
finding
the
Scotch
Artillery
without
any
Guard
upon
them
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
slain
unstripped
,
he
acquaints
the
General
therewith
;
who
sets
his
Army
loose
to
ransack
the
Camp
,
and
afterwards
Celebrated
the
Victory
with
utmost
Joy
.
And
now
we
come
to
tell
you
of
the
Kings
Fate
himself
:
Our
English
Historians
generally
agree
that
he
was
slain
in
this
Battle
,
the
Scots
for
the
most
part
oppose
it
;
Urging
,
that
the
Body
which
was
rifled
in
the
field
and
taken
to
be
his
,
was
not
so
,
but
the
Body
of
one
Alexander
Elsinstone
,
a
young
Gentleman
resembling
the
King
both
in
Visage
and
Stature
,
whom
the
King
(
that
he
might
delude
those
that
pursued
him
,
and
at
the
same
time
also
with
his
own
presence
animate
those
that
fought
elsewhere
)
had
caused
with
all
Tokens
of
Royality
to
be
Armed
and
Apparelled
like
himself
:
But
(
says
my
English
Author
Bishop
Goodin
)
not
to
make
use
for
an
Argument
the
great
number
of
Nobility
that
Guarded
their
true
King
and
consequently
that
their
Counterfeit
ones
fought
elsewhere
;
It
s
manifest
that
his
Body
was
known
by
many
of
the
Prisoners
,
who
certainly
affirmed
,
that
it
could
be
no
other
than
the
King
's
,
tho'
by
the
Multitude
of
his
Wounds
it
were
very
much
disfigured
;
for
his
Neck
was
laid
open
in
the
midst
thereof
with
a
long
Wound
,
his
left
Arm
almost
cut
off
in
two
several
places
,
could
scarce
hang
to
his
Shoulder
,
and
had
been
besides
shot
through
several
parts
of
his
Body
with
Arrows
;
and
this
seems
to
have
the
greatest
appearance
of
truth
in
it
,
tho'
what
Buchanan
and
others
his
Countrymen
,
alledge
,
is
not
improbable
,
viz.
That
after
the
King
found
the
Battle
encline
to
the
English
without
any
hopes
of
retrieving
it
,
he
passed
the
Tweed
and
near
Kelso
was
slain
by
Humes's
followers
;
it
remaining
uncertain
,
whether
it
was
done
by
his
Command
,
or
that
these
Ruffians
thinking
to
gratify
the
humour
of
their
Patron
,
were
in
hopes
when
the
King
was
once
cut
off
,
they
might
transact
what
villany
they
pleased
impunedly
,
but
if
he
survived
,
they
were
in
great
apprehensions
of
being
called
to
a
severe
account
for
their
tardiness
during
the
Battle
.
To
which
they
also
add
other
conjectures
;
that
the
very
night
after
the
Battle
,
the
Monastery
of
Kelso
was
seised
by
one
Carr
a
confident
of
Hume
,
and
the
Abbot
chasheered
,
which
,
its
likely
,
he
durst
not
have
attempted
,
if
he
had
known
the
King
had
been
alive
:
But
these
things
are
so
uncertain
,
says
Buchanan
,
that
when
Hume
was
afterward
called
to
an
Account
,
and
Tryed
for
the
Fact
,
by
the
Earl
of
Murrey
,
the
King
's
base
Son
;
it
came
to
nothing
,
they
were
not
able
to
prove
it
upon
him
,
but
withal
adds
,
that
Lawrence
Faliser
,
a
Person
of
integrity
,
but
then
a
Lad
and
spectator
of
of
the
Action
did
often
affirm
to
him
,
that
he
had
seen
the
King
on
Horse
Back
pass
the
Tweed
;
and
hence
many
took
occasion
to
report
(
which
lasted
many
years
)
that
the
King
was
alive
,
and
would
appear
in
due
time
,
after
he
had
pay'd
his
vow
of
going
to
Jerusalem
to
view
the
Holy
Sepulcre
.
But
this
savours
two
much
like
the
legendary
Story
of
Arthur
of
old
,
and
of
Charles
Duke
of
Burgundy
not
many
Years
before
,
of
whom
they
related
such
another
Tale
;
But
to
return
and
take
for
granted
,
that
he
died
(
as
before
noted
)
upon
the
place
of
Battle
,
his
Body
being
enclosed
in
a
Sheet
of
Lead
was
brought
into
England
,
and
by
the
Kings
Command
laid
in
some
bye
Vault
or
Corner
without
any
Funeral
rites
,
he
saying
,
That
it
was
a
due
punishment
for
one
who
had
perjuriously
broken
his
League
;
So
that
Death
it self
had
not
put
a
Period
to
his
misfortune
;
Tho'
otherwise
he
was
a
Prince
of
great
perfections
both
of
Body
and
Mind
,
and
endued
with
most
of
those
Royal
Virtues
that
are
necessary
for
the
equal
poize
of
a
Scep●er
,
which
caused
that
sharp
,
but
true
saying
,
to
drop
from
the
Pen
of
a
learned
Author
upon
,
him
that
he
perished
Non
suo
,
sed
Stuartorum
Fato
.
The
loss
of
James
IIII.
in
this
manner
,
James
Stuart
V.
began
his
Reign
Feb.
14th
.
1513.
seemed
to
carry
with
it
the
most
dreadfull
presages
of
Confusion
and
Misery
that
ever
threatned
any
Country
,
for
he
left
his
Queen
Margaret
and
two
Sons
behind
him
,
the
Eldest
whereof
James
V.
that
succeeded
him
in
the
Kingdom
being
not
fully
two
years
old
;
most
of
the
Nobility
who
bore
any
thing
of
Wisdom
and
Authority
before
them
,
being
slain
in
the
foresaid
Battle
,
and
the
major
part
of
such
as
survived
,
by
reason
of
their
Youth
,
or
Incapacity
of
their
mind
,
very
unfit
to
meddle
with
matters
of
State
;
especially
in
so
teachy
a
time
as
that
was
:
And
those
who
were
left
alive
of
the
better
sort
who
had
any
thing
of
Prudence
,
through
Ambition
and
Covetousness
,
abhorring
all
Counsels
,
tending
to
Peace
and
Concord
.
However
something
must
be
done
for
the
Publick
weal
and
as
the
fittest
expedient
for
a
settlement
,
a
Parliament
was
convened
at
Sterling
,
who
Proclaimed
James
V.
King
,
and
according
to
the
Deseased
King's
Will
;
The
Queen
was
constituted
Regent
of
the
Kingdom
so
long
as
she
remained
a
Widdow
;
But
she
soon
after
Marrying
Archembald
Dowglass
Earl
of
Angus
a
young
Gentleman
,
who
for
Lineage
,
Comliness
,
and
other
Accomplishments
might
be
ranked
amongst
the
prime
Nobility
of
Scotland
,
lost
her
Office
and
Authority
,
and
this
occasioned
a
great
feud
among
the
Nobility
.
The
Dowglassian
Party
endeavoured
to
have
the
Queen
continued
in
the
Office
;
Alledging
,
That
this
was
the
way
to
have
Peace
with
England
,
which
was
not
only
advantagious
,
but
highly
necessary
for
them
at
that
time
,
as
matters
stood
with
them
:
But
the
Humes
,
whereof
Alexander
Hume
Warden
of
all
the
Marches
and
a
very
Potent
Man
,
was
head
,
making
up
the
adverse
faction
,
under
pretence
of
publick
Good
,
and
that
it
was
against
the
old
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
to
have
a
Woman
,
however
otherwise
dignifyed
,
to
be
Regent
,
stiffly
opposed
the
Queen
and
her
Adherents
;
so
that
at
last
after
they
had
passionately
struggled
about
the
choise
,
either
out
of
wicked
Ambition
or
secret
Envy
;
They
past
by
all
that
were
there
present
and
incline
to
choose
John
Duke
of
Albany
Son
of
Alexander
,
(
of
whom
we
have
spoken
before
)
Brother
of
James
III.
and
who
lived
then
in
good
Repute
in
France
,
from
whence
soon
after
he
arrived
in
Scotland
.
The
Duke
was
ignorant
of
the
old
Customs
of
the
Country
,
as
having
been
bred
abroad
all
his
Days
,
which
John
Hepburn
a
Crafty
Knave
and
one
who
had
contested
with
Andrew
Foreman
,
about
the
Archbishoprick
of
St.
Andrew's
a
little
before
,
well
observing
,
makes
it
his
business
to
insinuate
himself
into
the
Regents
Favour
,
under
pretence
of
informing
him
of
the
Laws
and
Manners
of
the
Land
,
but
in
Truth
and
Reality
that
he
might
advance
himself
upon
the
wrack
and
ruine
of
others
.
And
to
this
End
he
tells
the
Regent
,
there
were
at
that
time
three
Factions
in
the
Kingdom
,
the
one
headed
by
Archibald
,
Dowglass
,
Earl
of
Angus
,
the
Queens
Husband
,
who
was
wonderfully
Popular
,
and
upon
the
account
of
his
Alliance
with
England
,
and
his
own
Personal
and
Hereditary
Merits
,
bore
a
Spirit
too
big
for
a
private
Man
.
Alexander
Hume
was
the
next
,
whose
Power
and
Interest
was
so
great
,
that
there
was
a
necessity
of
repressing
of
him
in
time
;
Foreman
his
former
Competitor
was
the
third
,
who
,
said
he
't
was
true
,
was
not
to
be
feared
upon
the
account
of
Kindred
and
Nobleness
of
descent
,
yet
by
reason
of
his
great
Wealth
he
would
make
a
great
Accession
of
Strength
to
what
Party
soever
he
inclined
:
But
to
this
last
Part
the
Governor
gave
little
heed
,
as
knowing
it
to
be
an
invidious
accusation
of
Hepburn
proceeding
from
the
noted
feuds
between
Foreman
and
himself
.
But
the
suspicion
of
Hume
sunk
deeper
into
the
Regents
mind
,
which
the
other
quickly
perceiving
,
he
falls
in
for
his
own
security
with
the
interest
of
the
Queen
and
her
Husband
,
and
lamenting
the
danger
the
young
King
might
be
in
,
if
he
should
fall
into
the
Regents
Hands
,
who
was
next
Heir
and
bent
to
translate
the
Kingdom
to
himself
;
he
perswades
the
Queen
to
retire
with
the
King
to
her
Brother
into
England
:
But
these
Consultations
were
not
so
secretly
carried
on
,
but
that
the
Governor
had
notice
thereof
,
who
being
an
Active
Man
,
hastens
with
all
his
Forces
to
Sterling
and
quickly
took
the
Castle
with
the
King
and
Queen
in
it
;
and
so
takes
the
poor
King
from
the
Mothers
Bosom
,
appointing
him
to
be
kept
and
managed
as
he
pleased
.
Upon
which
Hume
and
his
Brother
William
flee
into
England
,
and
the
Queen
with
her
Husband
soon
followed
them
▪
the
Regent
was
concerned
at
their
departure
,
sets
all
his
Engines
at
work
to
procure
their
return
,
which
Dowglass
the
Queens
Husband
and
the
Humes
soon
after
did
;
but
Alexander
Hume
contrary
to
many
large
promises
,
being
Summoned
to
appear
before
the
Assembly
of
Estates
,
refused
to
come
,
and
thinking
himself
aggrieved
,
encouraged
Tories
to
commit
great
Outrages
in
the
Neighbourhood
;
for
which
being
like
to
be
called
to
an
Account
by
an
Armed
Power
,
he
was
perswaded
to
surrender
himself
,
so
was
Committed
to
the
Custody
of
James
Hamilton
,
Earl
of
Arran
,
his
Sisters
Husband
,
at
Edenburg
,
with
a
charge
that
himself
should
be
esteemed
a
Traytor
if
he
suffered
him
to
escape
.
But
Hume
perswades
Hamilton
to
make
his
escape
with
him
,
and
to
make
a
Party
so
as
to
enter
upon
the
Government
himself
he
being
the
next
Heir
after
the
former
Kings
Children
,
in
regard
he
was
born
of
a
Sister
of
James
III.
and
therefore
it
was
more
Just
he
should
enjoy
the
next
place
to
the
King
then
John
,
who
,
its
true
,
was
the
Son
of
a
Brother
,
but
born
in
Exile
,
and
in
all
other
things
a
perfect
Foreigner
,
and
one
that
could
not
as
much
as
speak
the
Scottish
Language
.
With
them
joyns
John
Stuart
,
Earl
of
Lennox
,
with
many
of
his
followers
,
but
the
Earl
was
soon
after
reconciled
to
the
Governor
and
it
was
not
long
before
Hamilton
and
Hume
returned
also
to
Court
and
had
an
amnesty
for
all
that
was
past
.
Hume
and
his
Brother
in
a
little
while
after
upon
some
new
suspicion
the
Governor
had
of
them
,
but
mostly
,
as
't
was
thought
,
upon
the
Calumny
of
John
Hepborn
aforsaid
(
their
implacable
Enemy
)
were
Seized
,
Condemned
and
Executed
,
the
people
looking
on
,
and
judging
they
had
hard
measure
.
The
Regent
having
brought
things
into
a
tolerable
state
of
Settlement
,
Constitutes
seaven
Deputies
,
whereof
the
Earl
of
Angus
was
one
,
and
goes
over
into
France
where
he
staid
five
years
,
which
were
full
of
rapine
,
scuffles
,
and
inquietude
,
but
I
do
not
find
but
that
the
young
King
continued
all
this
while
in
the
same
hands
.
But
the
Regent
finding
that
in
his
absence
the
Dowglasses
had
mightily
prevailed
,
he
in
order
to
prevent
further
seditions
,
sends
the
Earl
of
Angus
,
head
of
that
Family
into
France
,
and
another
of
the
name
to
Rome
,
who
died
by
the
way
;
and
next
Year
,
after
his
return
,
raised
an
Army
to
invade
England
,
in
Favour
of
the
French
:
But
the
Nobility
opposed
his
Design
,
and
so
he
was
forced
to
Disband
,
and
quickly
upon
that
,
goes
into
France
again
.
The
English
Army
in
the
mean
time
enter
Scotland
,
carry
all
before
them
,
and
take
Jedburg
,
and
endeavour
by
their
Navy
to
intercept
the
Regent
in
his
return
,
but
herein
they
failed
,
and
he
with
the
followers
he
brought
with
him
from
France
,
Compleats
another
Army
,
actually
invades
England
,
and
Besieged
the
Castle
of
Work
:
But
finding
a
vigorous
resistance
,
and
withal
Winter
approaching
,
breaks
up
his
Siege
.
The
Spring
following
,
he
calls
an
Assembly
of
the
Nobles
,
tells
them
the
causes
why
he
must
needs
go
again
into
France
,
but
promised
them
a
speedy
return
,
yet
he
never
did
:
For
the
young
King
upon
Advice
from
his
Mother
,
and
most
of
the
Nobility
,
enters
upon
the
Government
himself
,
and
so
vacates
the
Regents
power
.
And
now
the
mystery
of
iniquity
begins
to
work
,
for
tho'
the
King
had
assumed
the
Royal
Power
,
yet
he
and
his
Kingdom
shall
be
Subject
to
the
Will
of
others
,
as
much
and
more
than
before
.
You
have
heard
how
Archibald
Dowglass
had
been
sent
by
the
Regent
into
France
,
who
hearing
of
this
alteration
at
home
,
sent
one
Simon
Penning
,
an
active
Person
and
one
in
whom
he
confided
very
much
,
to
the
King
of
England
,
to
perswade
him
,
to
let
him
to
return
home
through
his
Dominions
,
which
was
granted
;
for
it
seems
King
Henry
was
well
enough
pleased
at
the
diminution
of
the
Authority
of
so
active
a
Person
as
the
Duke
of
Albany
,
and
at
the
change
made
in
Scotland
,
so
that
the
Earl
was
entertained
by
him
in
a
very
Courteous
manner
,
and
dismist
Honourably
.
But
his
return
did
variously
affect
the
minds
of
the
Scots
,
for
seeing
all
the
Publick
business
now
transacted
by
the
Conduct
of
the
Queen
and
the
Earl
of
Arran
,
a
great
many
of
the
Nobility
,
the
head
whereof
were
John
Steward
,
Earl
of
Lennox
,
and
Campell
Earl
of
Argyle
,
taking
it
in
very
ill
part
that
they
were
not
admitted
to
any
part
of
the
publick
Administration
,
received
the
Earl
of
Angus
with
high
expressions
of
Joy
,
as
hoping
by
his
aid
,
either
to
gain
over
the
Power
of
the
adverse
faction
to
themselves
,
or
at
least
to
abate
their
pride
.
On
the
other
hand
,
the
Queen
,
who
was
alienated
from
her
Husband
,
was
much
concerned
at
his
arrival
,
and
sought
by
all
means
to
undermine
him
:
Hamilton
also
out
of
the
relicts
of
his
own
Hatred
was
none
of
his
Friend
;
besides
he
feared
,
least
Dowglass
,
who
,
he
knew
,
would
not
be
content
with
a
second
place
,
should
mount
the
saddle
,
and
make
him
truckle
under
,
so
that
he
strain'd
to
maintain
his
own
Dignity
,
and
opposed
him
with
all
his
might
.
They
kept
themselves
therefore
within
Edenburg
Castle
,
and
tho'
they
had
seen
very
well
,
that
many
of
the
Nobility
affected
alterations
,
yet
confiding
in
the
strength
of
the
place
and
the
Authority
of
the
Kingly
Name
,
(
a
sorry
defence
)
they
thought
themselves
secure
from
all
force
.
In
the
mean
time
the
opposite
party
held
a
great
meeting
of
the
Nobles
,
where
they
chose
three
of
their
own
Faction
to
be
Guardians
both
of
King
and
Kingdom
,
and
who
should
they
be
,
but
the
Earl
of
Angus
,
John
Steward
Earl
of
Lennox
,
and
Colen
Campell
Earl
of
Argyle
;
And
using
great
Celerity
in
their
business
,
first
they
passed
the
Forth
,
and
caused
James
Beaton
,
a
shrewd
Man
,
to
joyn
with
them
;
who
perceiving
the
strength
of
the
party
,
durst
not
stand
out
.
From
thence
they
went
to
Sterling
,
and
Conferred
all
publick
Offices
and
imployments
upon
such
as
were
of
their
own
gang
only
,
and
afterwards
directed
their
march
for
Edenburg
,
which
they
entred
without
any
resistance
.
For
it
was
not
Fortifyed
at
all
,
and
immediately
fell
to
work
with
the
Castle
,
about
which
they
cast
a
small
Trench
and
Besieged
it
.
The
Defendants
who
had
made
no
Provision
for
a
Siege
surrender'd
up
both
it
,
themselves
,
King
and
all
.
All
were
sent
away
but
the
King
,
who
now
had
more
especially
three
new
Masters
before
named
,
and
who
take
the
whole
weight
of
the
Government
upon
their
Shoulders
.
They
agreed
among
themselves
,
that
they
would
manage
it
by
turns
,
each
of
them
attending
four
Months
a
piece
upon
the
King
,
who
was
their
prey
:
But
this
Conjunction
was
neither
hearty
nor
of
long
duration
.
Dowglass
,
his
turn
was
first
served
,
who
brought
the
King
into
the
Archbishop
of
St.
Andrew's
House
,
and
made
use
of
all
the
Bishop's
Furniture
and
other
Accomodations
as
if
they
had
been
his
own
.
(
for
he
had
a
little
before
revolted
from
their
Faction
)
and
that
the
Earl
might
engage
the
King
the
more
,
he
suffered
him
to
wallow
in
all
kind
of
sensual
Delights
:
But
yet
he
obtained
not
his
End
neither
,
in
regard
the
Kings
Domesticks
were
corrupted
by
the
adverse
faction
,
headed
by
the
Queen
and
the
Earl
of
Arran
.
It
was
not
long
e're
Dowglass
outed
his
two
Colleagues
,
and
assumed
the
whole
Regency
to
his
own
hands
,
distributing
Civil
and
Ecclesiastical
Preferments
unto
his
kindred
and
followers
at
pleasure
,
to
the
injury
of
diverse
others
,
who
had
no
power
to
resist
;
The
Earl
of
Argyle
did
indeed
voluntarily
withdraw
himself
from
the
Triumvirate
:
And
Lennox
tho'
he
followed
the
King
,
yet
finding
the
Dowglasses
share
all
Beneficial
Offices
amongst
themselves
,
he
gave
many
Testimonies
of
his
●islike
,
and
that
his
mind
was
quite
alienated
from
them
.
But
they
confident
of
their
power
,
slighted
the
Reports
and
ill
will
of
others
.
In
the
mean
time
the
King
,
tho'
he
were
used
more
indulgently
then
was
fit
for
him
,
that
so
he
might
be
the
longer
kept
in
Subjection
unto
their
Wills
,
yet
notwithstanding
by
little
and
little
growing
weary
of
their
Government
,
and
being
also
alienated
from
them
by
the
accusations
of
his
own
Domesticks
,
who
charged
them
some
times
truly
,
and
sometimes
otherwise
,
always
interpreting
their
doubtfull
Actions
in
the
worse
sence
;
whereupon
he
held
secret
Caballs
with
such
as
he
could
trust
,
concerning
vindicating
himself
into
his
Freedom
and
Liberty
.
And
having
understood
the
dissatisfa●●ion
conceived
by
the
Earl
of
Lennox
against
the
proceedings
of
the
Dowglasses
,
he
stuck
not
to
open
his
mind
and
make
him
privy
of
his
Designs
;
And
while
they
were
consulting
about
the
Time
,
Place
,
and
Manner
,
of
Accomplishing
the
same
;
Dowglass
was
making
divers
expeditions
against
the
Country
,
Rovers
but
with
no
great
Success
,
so
that
at
length
about
the
End
of
July
he
resolved
to
carry
the
King
into
Tiv●otdale
as
supposing
his
presence
would
be
advantageous
,
to
strike
a
terror
into
the
licentious
.
Thus
an
Assembly
being
held
at
Jedburg
,
all
the
heads
of
the
chief
Families
round
about
were
called
together
by
the
Kings
order
,
and
Commanded
to
apprehend
those
Criminals
every
one
within
his
own
precincts
,
of
which
they
had
then
a
list
given
them
:
Thus
,
while
the
minds
of
all
were
merry
and
Jocund
,
they
who
had
a
Design
to
free
the
King
from
the
pupillage
of
the
Dowglasses
,
thought
that
a
good
opportunity
to
effect
it●
▪
because
one
Walter
Scot
being
not
far
from
Jedburg
,
had
great
Clanships
in
the
Countries
thereabouts
and
had
engaged
in
their
interests
.
And
thus
they
laid
their
project
;
Walter
was
to
invite
the
King
to
his
House
,
and
there
he
was
to
remain
with
his
own
good
liking
till
greater
forces
came
in
,
at
the
noise
of
the
thing
:
But
their
design
by
what
followed
seemed
to
have
been
discovered
either
by
chance
or
some
private
intimation
;
whereupon
the
King
was
carried
back
to
Mulross
,
yet
Walter
,
was
not
discovered
,
but
proceeded
on
strait
in
his
Journey
to
the
King
.
When
he
was
a
little
way
off
,
the
frightful
News
was
brought
to
the
Dowglasses
,
that
Walter
▪
was
at
hand
,
Well
Armed
himself
and
accompanied
by
a
great
Troop
of
Armed
Men
;
so
that
there
was
no
Question
to
be
made
,
but
he
being
a
factions
man
,
and
withal
Valiant
and
audacious
,
did
intend
some
mischief
,
insomuch
that
they
presently
ran
to
their
Arms.
Dowglass
tho
inferior
in
number
,
yet
knowing
what
Men
he
had
of
his
own
,
were
choise
ones
,
and
that
he
had
besides
several
valiant
Persons
of
the
Family
of
the
Carrs
and
Humes
in
his
train
;
with
John
Hume
and
Andrew
Car
their
principalls
,
he
did
resolved
to
give
them
Battle
.
When
they
were
just
ready
to
engage
;
Dowglass
Commands
George
Hume
to
alight
from
his
Horse
,
and
to
manage
his
part
in
the
fight
,
who
answered
,
he
would
not
:
No
not
if
the
King
himself
Commanded
him
.
This
struck
some
damp
upon
the
Dowglasses
,
however
to
make
a
Virtue
of
necessity
they
fell
on
with
very
great
Fury
,
as
men
who
had
their
King
,
and
who
was
the
price
of
the
Combat
,
to
be
spectator
;
the
Earl
of
Lennox
standing
by
the
King
all
the
while
,
and
not
striking
a
stroke
.
At
last
Walter
Scot
happening
to
be
wounded
,
his
men
began
to
give
ground
,
and
at
length
fled
out-right
;
but
the
loss
of
Andrew
Car
,
a
Person
of
singular
eminency
did
very
much
allay
the
joy
of
the
Dowglasses
for
this
Victory
,
and
the
carriage
of
Lennox
,
heightned
their
Jealousy
of
him
,
so
that
he
thought
it
advisable
to
leave
the
Court
;
and
leave
the
King
still
a
Captive
and
without
hopes
of
Releasement
.
The
Dowglassians
perceiving
themselves
subject
to
the
envy
of
many
,
endeavoured
to
strengthen
their
faction
by
the
acquisition
of
more
friends
,
and
to
that
end
,
they
prudently
make
up
the
old
breach
betwixt
Them
and
the
Hamiltons
,
a
Family
abounding
in
Wealth
,
Number
,
and
Greatness
,
and
admitted
them
into
a
share
of
the
Government
.
On
the
other
hand
the
Earl
of
Lennox
was
highly
in
favour
of
most
People
,
and
having
privately
obtained
the
King's
Letters
to
most
of
the
Nobility
,
who
he
thought
would
have
kept
his
Councel
,
he
mightily
strenthened
his
Party
;
Wherefore
in
a
convention
of
his
faction
at
Sterling
,
where
James
Beaton
and
several
other
Bishops
were
present
,
he
openly
propounded
to
them
the
design
of
asserting
the
King
to
Liberty
,
which
was
Unanimously
agreed
to
,
tho'
the
day
appointed
for
mustering
their
Forces
was
not
yet
come
:
Yet
hearing
that
the
Hamiltons
were
Assembled
at
Linlithgow
to
intercept
their
march
,
it
was
thought
adviseable
to
attack
them
,
before
they
joyned
with
the
Dowglasses
,
and
accordingly
Lennox
with
what
present
force
he
had
with
him
marched
directly
towards
them
.
But
the
Himiltons
having
got
intelligence
,
that
the
Earl
would
march
out
of
Sterling
that
day
early
in
the
morning
,
had
called
the
Dowglassians
out
of
Edenburg
to
their
assistance
before
:
But
the
King
to
favour
Lennox
as
well
as
his
own
Liberty
,
as
he
thought
,
did
,
besides
other
obstacles
,
somewhat
●etard
them
,
by
pretending
himself
not
well
,
so
that
he
got
up
later
out
of
his
Bed
that
day
then
ordinary
.
And
besides
,
marched
very
slowly
,
and
upon
the
way
would
often
turn
aside
to
ease
nature
,
as
if
he
had
been
troubled
with
a
Lask
:
And
when
George
Dowglass
had
in
vain
flattered
him
to
make
more
hast
,
at
last
he
broke
forth
in
these
menacing
words
,
saying
,
Sir
,
Rather
then
our
Enemies
should
take
you
from
us
,
we
will
lay
hold
on
your
body
,
and
if
it
be
rent
in
pieces
,
we
will
be
sure
to
retain
one
part
thereof
.
Which
words
made
such
an
impression
upon
his
mind
that
when
the
Dowglasses
were
banished
some
Years
after
,
and
that
he
had
some
inclination
to
recall
the
rest
of
them
,
yet
he
could
not
endure
to
hear
any
body
speak
of
a
Reconciliation
with
this
George
:
The
Hamiltons
betwixt
fear
of
the
Enemies
approaching
,
and
hope
of
aid
at
hand
,
had
set
themselves
in
array
at
the
Bridge
of
the
River
Aven
,
which
is
about
a
mile
from
Linlithgow
,
and
placed
a
small
Guard
upon
the
Bridge
to
secure
the
Pass
,
and
drew
up
the
rest
of
their
Forces
at
the
brow
of
the
Hi●●
,
which
they
knew
the
Enemy
must
pass
:
Lennox
seeing
that
this
passage
over
the
Bridge
was
stopped
,
Commanded
his
Men
to
pass
over
a
small
River
,
a
little
above
by
the
Nunnery
,
called
Manuell
,
and
so
to
beat
the
Hamiltonians
from
the
Hills
,
before
Dowglass's
Forces
had
joyned
them
.
The
Lennoxians
advanced
towards
the
Enemy
thorough
thick
and
thin
,
but
were
much
incommoded
by
the
others
throwing
of
Stones
down
the
Hills
upon
them
,
and
when
they
came
to
handy
strokes
the
word
was
given
that
the
Dowglasses
were
at
hand
;
and
indeed
they
from
their
march
ran
in
hastily
into
the
Fight
,
and
soon
carried
the
Day
,
so
that
Lennox's
Men
were
grievously
wounded
and
put
to
flight
.
The
Victory
was
used
by
the
Hamiltonians
with
much
cruelty
,
and
among
the
Number
of
the
slain
,
was
the
Earl
of
Lennox
himself
,
highly
lamented
by
all
Persons
,
and
more
especially
,
by
the
King
himself
,
who
now
saw
no
visible
hopes
of
ever
retrieving
his
Liberty
,
and
could
not
choose
but
see
,
how
fatal
his
presence
was
to
all
that
attempted
it
.
Now
the
Dowglasses
are
Lords
paramount
and
carry
all
before
them
,
those
that
had
taken
up
Arms
against
their
King
,
as
they
phrased
it
,
for
fear
of
a
Tryal
,
were
forced
to
compound
with
them
for
money
,
or
to
put
themselves
into
the
Clanships
of
the
Hamiltons
or
themselves
;
and
such
as
refused
they
utterly
ruined
,
yea
and
the
Queen
her self
thought
fit
to
retire
to
a
place
of
Secrecy
least
she
should
fall
into
the
hands
of
her
Husband
whom
she
hated
.
But
fury
abating
with
time
,
and
the
Dowglasses
being
severally
intent
upon
other
matters
and
concerns
,
and
secure
,
as
they
thought
as
to
the
Kings
Departure
from
them
,
gave
him
at
last
an
opportunity
to
gain
his
Liberty
,
which
all
the
former
attempts
of
his
Friends
could
not
effect
for
him
.
They
believed
now
,
that
his
mind
was
fully
Reconciled
to
them
by
those
Blandishments
and
Immoderate
Pleasures
they
had
indulged
him
in
,
and
besides
,
thought
that
if
he
were
minded
to
remove
,
there
was
no
faction
strong
enough
to
oppose
them
,
neither
was
there
any
strong
Garrison
whither
to
retire
but
only
to
Sterling
Castle
,
which
was
allotted
to
the
Queen
for
her
Habitation
;
And
then
it
was
deserted
for
a
time
by
the
Queens
Officers
when
she
hid
her self
for
fear
of
the
Dowglasses
,
and
when
the
tumult
was
a
little
appeased
,
't
was
somewhat
Fortified
,
but
rather
for
a
shew
then
any
real
defence
.
The
King
having
obtained
some
small
relaxation
,
saw
that
this
must
be
his
only
refuge
,
and
and
therefore
he
deals
privately
with
his
Mother
to
exchange
that
Castle
and
the
Lands
adjoining
for
other
Lands
,
as
convenient
for
her
;
and
providing
all
other
requisites
,
as
private
as
he
could
,
the
Dowglasses
not
being
so
intent
,
as
formerly
in
their
watch
over
him
,
he
retired
by
night
with
a
small
retinue
from
Falkland
to
Sterling
,
whither
he
soon
sent
for
some
of
the
Nobles
to
come
to
him
,
and
others
hearing
the
News
came
of
their
own
accord
,
so
that
now
he
seemed
sufficiently
secured
against
all
force
.
Then
he
issued
out
a
Proclamation
that
the
Dowglasses
should
abstain
from
all
the
Administration
of
publick
affairs
,
and
that
none
of
their
Dependants
should
come
within
12
miles
of
the
Court
upon
pain
of
Death
.
This
Proclamation
was
quickly
seconded
with
an
Assembly
of
the
Nobles
at
Edenburg
,
where
they
had
such
Terms
offered
them
,
as
they
would
not
accept
,
whereupon
their
Offices
were
taken
from
them
;
and
themselves
Summoned
to
attend
the
Parliament
at
Edenburg
.
But
they
knowing
the
danger
,
Endeavoured
to
seise
upon
Edenburg
,
and
dissolve
the
Parliament
,
but
failed
in
the
attempt
.
So
that
th●
Earl
of
Angus
retired
to
his
Castle
of
Tan●allon
;
and
the
Parliament
proceeded
in
their
business
,
and
the
Earl
with
his
Brothers
,
Relations
,
and
intimate
Friends
were
out
Lawed
.
They
on
the
other
hand
being
enraged
at
these
proceedings
and
seeing
all
hopes
of
Pardon
cut
off
,
betook
thems●lves
to
open
force
,
and
Committed
all
sorts
of
Outrages
upon
the
Lands
of
their
Enemies
and
with
their
Horse
advanced
many
times
to
the
very
Gates
of
Edenburg
,
so
that
the
City
was
almost
besieged
by
them
.
The
King
thinking
to
unroost
them
all
at
once
,
raises
Forces
and
lays
siege
to
Tantallon
Castle
,
but
all
that
ever
he
could
do
,
could
not
take
it
:
At
length
the
Dowglasses
finding
the
Hamiltons
and
the
rest
of
their
Friends
fail
them
,
found
it
necessary
to
retire
for
their
better
safety
into
England
,
from
whence
came
Ambassadors
shortly
after
about
settling
a
firm
Peace
between
both
Kingdoms
and
with
the
same
labour
to
procure
the
Restitution
of
the
Dowglasses
.
King
James
was
mighty
desirous
to
have
Tantallon
Castle
in
his
Power
,
and
at
the
same
time
his
mind
as
averse
to
the
Restoration
of
the
Dowglasses
,
and
for
that
reason
the
matter
was
convassed
too
and
fro
for
some
Days
,
and
no
temper
of
Accommodation
could
be
found
out
:
But
at
length
they
came
to
this
;
That
Tantallon
Castle
should
be
surrendered
to
K.
James
,
a
Truce
between
both
Nations
for
five
Years
,
and
the
other
demands
in
referrence
to
the
Dowglasses
he
promised
to
grant
under
his
Signet
.
When
the
Castle
was
surrendered
according
to
Composition
,
the
King
failed
of
his
Royal
Word
,
and
not
one
of
the
Dowglasses
were
permitted
to
return
;
which
was
foul
prevarication
in
him
,
and
a
stain
that
will
not
easily
be
blotted
off
his
Memory
,
seeing
this
was
a
principal
matter
in
the
Agreement
and
the
Equivalent
for
the
Castle
.
The
Truce
about
half
expired
,
was
infringed
by
a
War
between
both
Nations
:
which
the
French
Ambassador
endeavoured
to
compose
,
and
about
the
same
time
,
James
transacts
with
the
French
King
and
afterward
with
the
Emperor
about
a
Match
,
which
was
like
to
endanger
his
life
;
For
the
Hamiltons
almost
confident
of
the
Succession
,
yet
looking
upon
it
a
long
way
about
to
stay
either
for
Fortuitous
or
Natural
dangers
to
befall
him
,
and
fearfull
in
case
he
married
,
he
might
have
Lawfull
Issue
of
his
own
,
studied
to
hasten
his
Death
by
Treachery
.
a
fair
opportunity
was
offered
them
to
effect
it
by
his
Night-walkings
to
his
Misses
,
having
but
one
or
two
in
Company
,
but
however
it
were
,
they
ne'er
could
put
their
purpose
in
Execution
.
The
Emperor's
offers
were
rejected
and
at
last
he
went
over
himself
into
France
to
seek
him
a
Wife
,
and
brings
over
along
with
him
Magdelen
Daughter
to
Francis
the
French
King
,
but
she
died
soon
after
and
had
no
issue
.
The
Death
of
Magdalen
did
but
whet
his
desires
to
get
him
another
Wife
,
and
to
that
End
he
dispatched
Cardinal
David
Beaton
and
others
into
France
to
treat
of
a
Match
between
himself
and
Mary
of
the
House
of
Guise
,
Widdow
to
the
Duke
of
Longeville
,
by
whom
he
had
two
Sons
and
a
Daughter
,
of
whom
you
'll
hear
by
and
by
.
But
before
her
arrival
in
Scotland
,
John
Forbes
a
young
Gentleman
of
a
great
Family
was
accused
of
a
Design
he
had
many
years
before
,
to
Assassinate
the
King
:
It
was
believed
to
be
a
malitious
prosecution
of
the
Huntley's
,
but
Condemned
he
was
and
lost
his
head
;
and
a
few
Days
after
,
came
on
another
Tryal
,
which
on
the
account
of
the
Family
of
the
accused
Parties
,
the
Novelty
of
it
,
and
the
heinousness
of
the
punishment
was
very
Lamentable
and
Tragical
,
and
plainly
shews
the
Kings
mind
was
cruel
and
implacable
.
Joan
Dowglass
,
Sister
to
the
Earl
of
Angus
,
of
whom
we
have
said
so
much
,
and
Wife
to
John
Lyons
Lord
of
Glames
;
also
her
Son
and
latter
Husband
,
Gilespy
Campell
,
John
Lyons
Kinsman
to
her
former
Husband
,
and
an
old
Priest
were
accused
for
endeavouring
to
poyson
the
King
.
All
these
tho'
they
lived
continually
in
the
Country
far
from
the
Court
,
and
their
Friends
and
Servants
could
not
be
brought
to
witness
any
thing
against
them
,
yet
were
put
on
the
rack
,
to
extort
a
Confession
from
them
,
and
so
were
Condemned
and
shut
up
in
Edenburg
Castle
.
Joan
Dowglass
was
burnt
alive
,
with
great
Commiseration
of
all
the
Spectators
;
The
Nobleness
both
of
her self
and
Husband
did
much
affect
the
beholders
:
Besides
she
was
in
the
vigour
of
her
youth
,
much
celebrated
for
her
rare
Beauty
,
and
in
her
very
punishment
she
shewed
a
manlike
Fortitude
.
But
that
which
people
were
more
concerned
for
,
was
,
that
they
thought
the
enmity
against
her
Brother
who
was
banished
,
did
her
more
prejudice
then
her
own
objected
Crime
.
Her
Husband
endeavoured
to
escape
out
of
the
Castle
of
Edenburg
;
but
the
Rope
being
too
short
to
let
him
down
to
the
foot
of
the
Rock
,
brake
almost
all
the
bones
of
his
body
with
the
fall
,
and
so
ended
his
Days
.
Their
Son
,
a
young
Man
and
of
greater
Innocent
simplicity
,
then
to
have
the
suspicion
of
such
a
wickedness
justly
charged
upon
him
,
was
for
all
that
shut
up
a
Prisoner
in
the
Castle
;
And
the
accuser
of
all
these
,
William
Lyons
by
name
,
afterwards
perceiving
,
that
so
eminent
a
Family
was
like
to
be
utterly
ruined
by
his
false
Information
,
Repented
,
when
it
was
too
late
,
and
confessed
his
offence
to
the
King
.
Yet
so
bloody
was
he
(
an
instance
I
think
hardly
to
be
parallelled
in
all
the
records
of
time
)
that
it
did
not
prevent
the
Execution
of
the
Condemned
or
hinder
their
Estates
from
being
Confiscate
;
and
the
aforesaid
young
Gentleman
was
not
discharged
from
his
Imprisonment
and
Restored
to
his
Inheritance
till
after
the
King's
Death
which
is
now
upon
the
Wing
.
But
as
we
have
given
you
the
Tragical
part
of
his
past
life
in
all
the
Circumstances
of
them
,
we
shall
depeint
unto
you
all
the
concurrent
causes
of
his
Tragical
and
Untimely
Death
and
to
that
End
;
we
are
necessitated
to
recount
some
few
things
to
you
that
in
order
of
time
precede
;
and
you
must
note
,
That
King
Henry
VIII
.
having
upon
the
account
of
his
Divorce
from
Queen
Katherine
,
Proclaimed
himself
head
of
the
Church
,
and
utterly
disclaimed
the
Pope's
Authority
in
England
,
he
thereby
contracted
great
enmity
not
only
from
Rome
,
but
also
from
Spain
and
the
Empire
;
Wherefore
to
strengthen
himself
against
any
Combination
,
that
he
expected
to
be
made
against
him
,
he
was
desirous
to
entertain
a
strict
amity
with
his
Nephew
,
James
V.
of
Scotland
;
and
to
that
End
directs
Ambassadors
to
him
,
inviting
him
to
a
Conference
at
York
,
whither
Henry
offered
to
come
and
meet
him
:
Alledging
,
That
by
such
an
interview
,
matters
might
be
better
concerted
for
the
mutual
Interest
of
both
Kingdoms
.
K.
James
after
a
serious
Deliberation
,
returns
Answer
,
he
would
attend
his
Unkle
at
the
Time
and
Place
appointed
;
who
thereupon
made
very
great
preparations
to
Entertain
him
with
utmost
solemnity
▪
But
the
Scotch
Clergy
apprehensive
▪
least
their
King
through
his
Unkles
Perswasions
and
Example
,
might
be
wrought
upon
to
shake
off
the
Pope's
Authority
in
Scotland
,
as
he
had
done
in
his
own
Dominions
;
Resolve
to
do
the
utmost
of
their
endeavours
to
prevent
the
intended
interview
,
and
so
mustering
up
all
their
Forces
,
by
themselves
and
the
Kings
minions
and
flatterers
,
acquaint
him
with
the
evil
C●nse●uence
of
his
going
to
England
;
shew
,
how
King
James
I.
had
been
kept
Prisoner
in
England
,
how
ill
the
French
,
their
old
Confederates
,
and
the
Emperor
would
take
it
at
his
hands
;
That
King
Henry
was
excommunicate
,
that
a
dangerous
Heresy
had
overspread
not
only
the
greatest
part
of
that
Kingdom
,
but
had
infected
even
the
King
himself
;
That
many
of
his
own
Nobility
were
favourers
of
the
said
Heresy
,
which
notwithstanding
if
he
took
care
timously
to
suppress
,
it
would
be
of
mighty
advantage
to
him
,
and
he
might
very
much
increase
his
revenue
by
their
Estates
,
a
list
of
whose
names
they
presented
to
him
which
he
put
in
his
Pocket
,
thinking
it
a
very
profitable
proposal
and
therefore
with
all
expedition
to
be
put
in
Execution
.
The
Lord
Grang
his
Treasurer
,
and
who
secretly
favoured
the
Reformation
was
then
much
in
his
favour
,
and
to
him
the
King
shews
the
foresaid
List
,
telling
him
what
great
advantage
he
would
make
of
it
,
whereat
the
Treasurer
smiled
,
and
withall
desired
leave
to
speak
his
mind
freely
;
upon
which
the
King
drew
his
Sword
,
and
merily
said
to
him
;
I
le
kill
thee
if
thou
speak
against
my
profit
:
Then
the
Treasurer
began
to
set
before
him
at
large
the
various
troubles
of
his
Reign
while
in
minority
,
and
what
an
hand
the
Clergy
had
in
all
the
disorders
;
that
he
had
not
been
long
a
free
Prince
;
And
that
though
his
Majesty
had
done
very
much
in
th●
time
,
in
setling
the
Highlands
and
the
Borders
;
yet
desired
him
to
consider
of
what
a
dangerous
consequence
it
might
be
if
his
Nobility
should
get
intelligence
,
that
some
greedy
fetches
had
been
insinuated
to
him
,
under
pretence
of
Heresie
to
dispoile
them
of
their
Lives
and
Inheritances
;
And
thereby
endanger
his
own
Estate
,
at
the
instance
of
those
whose
Estates
were
in
danger
,
and
who
would
hazard
him
and
his
to
save
their
own
:
I
mean
(
continued
the
Treasurer
)
the
Prelates
,
who
are
afraid
least
your
Majesty
according
to
the
Example
of
the
King
's
of
England
and
Denmark
,
and
other
Princes
of
the
Empire
,
should
make
the
like
Reformation
among
them
;
and
therefore
they
are
clearly
against
your
having
any
familiarity
with
the
King
of
England
,
or
to
have
your
Affairs
so
settled
as
to
give
you
leisure
to
look
into
and
reform
the
abuses
of
the
Church
.
Then
he
went
on
and
shewed
him
,
how
the
Revenues
of
the
Crown
were
wasted
,
and
the
vast
Estates
of
the
Clergy
,
their
addictedness
to
the
Pope
,
their
sly
carriage
in
insinuating
themselves
into
all
secrets
of
State
;
the
wisdom
of
the
Venetians
in
that
particular
in
excluding
the
whole
Levitical
Order
from
their
Senate-house
;
the
gross
abuses
of
the
Church
of
Rome
;
the
scandalous
lives
of
the
Scotch
Clergy
;
and
last
of
all
,
urged
how
dishonourable
and
dangerous
it
would
be
to
his
Majesty
not
to
keep
his
word
with
the
King
of
England
,
who
was
a
valiant
Prince
,
and
of
an
high
stomach
,
and
appeared
for
the
time
to
have
an
upright
meaning
,
his
occasions
pressing
him
thereto
.
And
that
having
but
one
only
Daughter
,
and
being
himself
grown
fat
and
corpulent
,
there
were
but
small
hopes
of
his
having
any
more
Children
,
and
that
therefore
it
was
his
undoubted
interest
to
hold
a
good
correspondence
with
him
,
being
his
Sisters
Son
,
nearest
of
Blood
,
and
ablest
to
maintain
and
unite
the
whole
Island
of
Britain
.
That
the
detention
of
King
James
I.
in
England
,
was
a
far
different
case
,
and
desired
him
to
consider
what
bad
success
the
King
his
Father
had
,
in
making
War
against
the
K.
of
England
his
Brother
;
That
that
was
but
too
manifestly
felt
by
all
the
Subjects
,
and
that
little
better
was
to
be
looked
for
if
a
new
and
unnecessary
War
were
begun
by
his
refusing
to
be
at
the
intended
meeting
at
York
.
This
Speech
was
sufficient
to
convince
him
,
had
not
his
Stars
inclined
him
otherwise
,
as
his
true
interest
to
conform
himself
to
the
Will
of
his
Uncle
King
Henry
.
However
,
for
the
present
he
was
mightily
pleased
with
it
,
and
seemed
resolved
to
follow
th●
Treasurers
advice
;
And
at
his
first
meeting
with
the
Prelates
,
who
●arried
then
a
very
great
sway
in
the
Country
,
he
could
not
contain
himself
any
longer
,
when
they
came
to
him
,
hoping
to
find
their
Plots
put
in
excution
:
But
after
many
sharp
words
and
expostulations
,
that
they
should
advise
him
to
use
such
cruelty
upon
so
many
Noble
Men
and
Barons
,
to
the
endangering
of
his
own
repose
,
he
said
;
Wherefore
gave
my
Predecessors
so
many
Lands
and
Rents
to
the
Kirk
?
was
it
to
maintain
Hawks
,
Dogs
,
and
Whores
for
a
Company
of
Idle
Priests
?
The
K.
of
England
Burns
,
the
K.
of
Denmark
Beheads
you
,
I
shall
stick
you
with
this
Whinyard
;
And
thereupon
whips
out
his
Dagger
,
which
made
them
all
scour
out
of
his
presence
with
trembling
hearts
;
the
King
declaring
himself
,
resolved
to
keep
his
promise
aforesaid
with
his
Unkle
,
esteeming
it
now
both
his
Honour
and
Interest
so
to
do
▪
This
procedure
of
the
King
struck
a
terrible
damp
upon
the
Prelates
Spirits
,
who
found
themselves
now
in
a
very
desperate
state
;
However
,
not
to
be
wanting
to
themselves
and
cause
,
they
began
again
to
re-assume
some
Courage
,
and
enter
upon
Consultation
how
to
gain
the
King
back
again
to
their
bow
;
and
knowing
that
money
was
a
bait
that
seldom
failed
,
and
would
be
very
likely
to
catch
him
,
they
make
an
offer
in
the
first
place
to
pay
him
yearly
out
of
the
Rents
of
the
Church
,
the
sum
of
Fifty
Thousand
Crowns
for
the
maintenance
of
some
Regular
Troops
,
besides
,
the
ordinary
Subjects
which
obeyed
his
Proclamation
,
in
case
the
King
of
England
made
War
upon
Scotland
,
upon
the
King's
failure
to
keep
the
appointment
at
York
:
Yet
they
concluded
,
that
unless
the
matter
was
proposed
and
favourably
interpreted
to
the
King
by
such
as
had
his
Ear
,
that
would
not
do
the
business
.
Wherefore
they
made
very
liberal
Gifts
unto
the
K.
Familiar
Servants
with
an
Additional
promise
to
Oliver
Sinclar
,
that
they
would
procure
him
to
be
advanced
to
great
Honours
,
and
made
General
of
the
whole
Army
against
England
,
in
case
King
Henry
intended
to
make
War
against
their
Nation
,
which
they
affirmed
he
neither
would
,
nor
durst
do
,
having
already
so
many
Irons
in
the
fire
.
Having
laid
this
project
,
they
proceed
to
put
it
in
Execution
,
and
so
communicated
the
same
to
the
Minions
of
the
Court
,
which
was
cheerfully
agreed
to
by
them
,
who
by
their
vile
flattery
obtained
the
greatest
favour
:
But
the
chief
bait
they
laid
for
the
King
and
wrought
their
Ends
by
,
was
by
alluring
of
pretty
Women
to
him
;
each
striving
to
be
the
first
that
should
advertise
him
,
whose
Daughter
such
an
one
was
,
and
how
she
might
be
obtained
:
But
the
Treasurers
presence
,
whom
they
feared
and
knew
to
be
a
man
of
Resolution
,
very
much
obstructed
their
Designs
,
wherefore
a
convenient
opportunity
was
to
be
attended
for
in
his
absence
from
Court
,
which
happened
not
long
after
.
For
the
King
had
given
the
Ward
and
Marriage
of
Kelley
in
the
County
of
Angus
,
to
his
second
Son
,
and
he
went
thither
to
take
possession
thereof
:
Thereupon
they
fall
to
work
,
make
their
proposals
to
the
King
,
which
were
stoutly
backed
by
Oliver
Sinclar
and
such
of
the
Clergy
as
had
best
acquaintance
at
Court
,
and
especially
at
the
time
when
they
gratifyed
his
Lust
with
mens
Wifes
and
Maidens
as
before
noted
;
and
with
all
this
oyling
they
found
him
at
last
pretty
plyable
,
and
this
induced
them
to
lay
hold
of
the
opportunity
to
ruin
the
Treasurer
,
whom
they
suspected
to
be
the
only
Remora
of
their
whole
Design
:
And
therefore
they
lay
before
him
,
how
that
he
was
turned
Heretick
,
and
had
always
a
new
Testament
in
English
in
his
Pocket
;
and
besides
,
that
through
his
Majesties
favour
he
was
grown
so
high
and
so
proud
that
there
was
no
enduring
of
him
;
but
withal
so
extream
covetous
,
that
he
was
the
unfitest
man
alive
for
that
Office
;
and
overbold
for
procuring
of
the
King
the
Ward
of
Kelley
for
his
second
Son
,
which
was
worth
Twenty
Thousand
Pounds
.
But
to
this
the
King
Answered
,
That
he
looked
upon
his
Treasurer
to
be
a
plain
honest
Gentleman
,
that
he
loved
him
so
well
,
at
that
he
would
give
him
again
the
said
Ward
and
Marriage
for
a
Word
of
his
Mouth
.
The
Prior
of
Pittenweem
,
a
cunning
Fox
,
replies
,
Sir
,
the
Heiress
of
Kelley
is
a
jolly
fair
Lass
,
and
I
dare
venture
my
life
,
that
if
your
Majesty
will
send
for
her
presently
,
he
will
refuse
to
send
her
.
But
the
King
affirmed
still
the
contrary
,
till
at
last
they
procured
him
to
send
actually
for
the
young
woman
,
and
the
Prelates
and
their
faction
contrived
it
so
that
the
said
Prior
of
Pittenweem
should
carry
the
Letter
,
and
Conduct
the
young
woman
back
to
the
King
.
But
when
he
came
,
the
Treasurer
who
knew
him
to
be
his
deadly
Enemy
,
refused
to
deliver
her
;
Alledging
,
the
said
Prior
to
have
been
all
his
days
a
vile
Whore-master
,
having
deflowred
several
Virgins
,
and
so
thought
him
unfit
for
such
a
charge
.
This
was
what
the
Prior
wanted
,
and
so
very
Joyfully
he
returns
with
the
Answer
to
the
King
,
to
whom
together
with
his
wicked
associates
he
handled
the
matter
with
that
finess
and
industry
,
that
he
rendered
the
Treasurer
very
obnoxious
to
him
,
and
far
as
that
he
granted
a
Warrant
to
commit
him
into
Custody
within
Edenburg
Castle
,
which
they
forgot
not
to
do
as
soon
as
ever
he
came
to
Court
.
But
the
Treasurer
suspecting
some
evi●
practises
against
him
during
his
absence
,
thought
no
way
so
proper
and
effectuall
for
his
security
,
as
to
get
with
all
diligence
into
the
Kings
presence
,
which
notwithstanding
all
their
Conspiracies
,
he
effected
,
and
found
him
at
Supper
;
But
when
he
came
there
,
the
King
looked
down
,
and
would
neither
speak
to
him
nor
know
him
,
whereat
he
was
not
a
little
concerned
:
However
he
would
not
put
the
matter
up
so
,
but
advanced
nearer
the
Kings
Person
,
and
said
,
Sir
,
What
offence
have
I
done
,
who
had
so
much
of
your
Favour
when
I
parted
from
you
with
your
permission
;
The
King
Answered
,
Why
did
you
refuse
to
send
me
the
Maiden
whom
I
wrote
for
,
and
gave
despightfull
Language
to
him
I
sent
for
her
?
Sir
,
said
he
,
there
is
none
about
your
Majesty
dare
avow
such
a
thing
to
my
face
;
As
for
the
Maiden
,
I
told
the
Prior
,
that
I
was
well
enough
to
be
the
Messenger
my self
to
convey
her
to
your
Majesty
,
but
thought
him
an
unmeet
Person
,
whom
I
kn●w
to
be
a
lover
of
Women
and
the
greatest
deflowrer
of
Wives
and
Maidens
in
Scotland
:
Then
the
King
said
,
Hast
thou
then
brought
the
Gentlewoman
with
thee
?
Yes
Sir
,
said
he
;
Alas
,
saith
the
King
,
They
have
told
me
so
many
lies
of
thee
,
that
they
have
got
a
Warrant
from
me
to
commit
thee
to
Prison
,
but
I
shall
mend
it
with
a
contrary
Command
.
Then
said
the
Treasurer
lamentingly
,
My
life
or
Imprisonment
is
but
a
small
matter
,
but
it
breaks
my
heart
that
the
world
should
hear
of
your
Majesties
facility
;
For
he
had
heard
,
that
during
his
absence
they
had
caused
the
King
to
send
to
England
,
and
to
give
over
the
designed
interview
at
York
.
The
Prelates
having
gained
this
point
,
they
jog
the
King
forwards
to
prosecute
the
reformed
,
and
get
James
Hamilton
Bastard
Brother
to
the
Earl
of
Arran
and
a
fit
Instrument
for
their
purpose
to
be
Judge
in
matters
of
Religion
.
About
the
same
time
came
into
Scotland
one
James
Hamilton
,
Cousin-German
to
the
foresaid
James
,
who
after
long
banishment
,
at
length
got
leave
to
return
to
his
Country
for
a
time
,
to
prosecute
a
Law-Suit
he
had
against
the
Bastard
James
;
But
when
he
found
after
his
Arrival
,
what
dangers
himself
and
other
true
Professors
of
the
Gospel
were
in
,
he
dispatch'd
his
Son
to
the
K.
who
was
then
,
going
over
to
Fife
,
and
having
got
to
him
before
he
was
gone
on
board
,
he
acquaints
him
tremblingly
,
who
was
by
Nature
very
suspicious
,
that
it
was
a
matter
of
great
moment
,
and
would
prove
dangerous
to
the
whole
Kingdom
,
unless
the
King
would
take
care
to
secure
Hamilton
and
take
away
his
Commission
.
The
King
who
was
then
hastning
to
Fife
,
sent
the
young
man
to
Edenburg
to
the
Lords
of
the
Sessions
,
and
ordered
James
Lermouth
,
James
Kinnedy
,
and
Thomas
Aresky
to
meet
,
and
charged
them
to
give
as
much
heed
to
what
the
Messenger
should
Declare
as
if
he
himself
were
present
,
and
sent
them
a
Ring
which
they
knew
,
from
off
his
Finger
for
a
Token
.
These
having
set
their
heads
together
secure
James
,
who
had
just
dined
and
was
ready
for
his
Journey
,
in
his
own
House
,
and
send
him
prisoner
to
the
Castle
;
But
when
they
had
learned
by
their
spies
,
that
the
King
upon
earnest
application
made
to
him
on
his
behalf
,
was
inclined
to
discharge
him
;
and
that
besides
the
danger
the
publick
might
be
in
,
they
themselves
had
reason
to
fear
,
least
if
so
Factous
and
powerfull
a
man
,
and
now
provoked
by
so
great
an
ignominy
,
did
come
off
clear
,
he
would
be
sharply
and
severely
revenged
;
They
posted
to
Court
and
perswaded
the
King
by
laying
the
nearness
of
the
danger
,
the
wicked
disposition
,
cruel
mind
and
Wealth
,
of
the
Man
as
much
as
possible
they
could
▪
before
him
not
to
discharge
him
without
a
Tryal
.
The
King
therefore
going
to
Edenburg
,
and
from
thence
to
Seaton
,
commands
him
to
be
tryed
for
his
life
,
and
having
been
Convicted
,
lost
his
head
.
The
Crime
laid
to
his
charge
,
was
,
that
he
had
on
a
certain
day
,
determined
to
break
the
Doors
open
and
to
murder
the
King
,
and
had
secret
cabals
with
the
Dowglasses
that
were
publick
Enemies
.
Strange
proceedings
those
were
,
tho'
the
Man
died
in
a
manner
unlamented
,
as
being
obnoxious
to
most
people
and
having
lead
a
most
wicked
Life
;
only
the
Priesthood
were
much
concerned
at
his
fall
,
as
having
placed
all
the
hopes
of
their
Fortunes
in
his
Welfare
.
But
however
,
he
might
have
been
an
ill
man
otherwise
,
by
the
sequel
it
was
interpreted
,
that
the
King
had
done
little
less
then
murdered
him
;
for
from
henceforth
he
was
grievously
afflicted
with
turbulent
dreams
,
whereof
amongst
the
rest
,
this
was
one
.
He
saw
this
same
James
Hamilton
rush
into
his
presence
with
a
drawn
Sword
,
and
first
cut
off
his
right
Arm
and
then
the
left
,
and
when
he
had
threatned
to
return
in
a
short
time
,
and
cut
off
his
head
,
he
vanished
:
The
King
when
he
avoke
,
was
in
a
great
fright
,
and
while
he
revolved
with
himself
upon
the
Event
of
his
dream
,
presently
comes
News
to
him
,
that
both
his
Sons
,
one
at
St.
Andrews
,
and
the
other
in
Sterling
,
were
dead
,
almost
in
the
very
same
moment
of
time
.
This
was
black
and
ominous
upon
him
,
and
now
we
come
to
shew
you
his
Exit
,
which
was
violent
as
well
as
the
rest
that
went
before
him
.
When
Henry
VIII
.
found
himself
thus
basely
disappointed
by
his
Nephew
,
he
was
not
a
little
incensed
thereat
,
and
prepared
an
Army
to
invade
Scotland
.
There
were
near
two
years
spent
with
nothing
but
Incursions
on
both
sides
,
there
being
neither
a
certain
Peace
nor
a
Just
War
between
them
;
at
length
the
Army
under
the
Command
of
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
drew
near
to
the
Marches
,
the
Scots
encounter
the
Duke
with
an
Herault
to
expostulate
concerning
the
Motives
of
the
War
,
and
withal
dispatched
the
Ld.
Gowrdon
,
with
some
small
Forces
to
defend
the
Frontiers
;
The
Herault
was
detained
till
the
Eng.
Army
came
to
Berwick
,
to
prevent
his
giving
them
Intelligence
of
their
strength
.
And
in
October
the
Duke
entring
Scotland
continued
there
ransacking
the
Country
,
without
any
opposition
till
the
middle
of
November
;
by
which
time
King
James
had
Levyed
a
great
Army
and
was
resolved
on
a
Battle
.
The
Nobility
did
all
they
could
to
disswade
him
from
it
,
and
especially
shewed
a
great
unwillingness
that
he
should
any
way
hazzard
his
own
Person
,
the
loss
of
his
Father
in
like
manner
being
fresh
in
their
memories
,
and
Scotland
too
sensible
of
the
Calamities
that
ensued
upon
it
.
The
K.
proving
obstinate
,
they
detain
him
by
Force
,
being
desirous
rather
to
run
the
risque
of
his
displeasure
then
of
his
life
.
This
tenderness
of
him
in
the
Language
of
rage
and
indignation
he
Terms
Cowardice
and
Treachery
,
and
threatned
when
once
he
should
get
loose
to
fight
the
Enemy
with
his
own
Family
only
.
The
Lord
Maxwell
seeking
to
allay
him
,
promised
with
Ten
Thousand
men
only
to
invade
England
,
and
with
far
less
then
the
English
forces
,
to
divert
the
War
.
The
K.
seems
to
consent
hereto
,
and
being
offended
with
the
rest
of
the
Nobility
,
he
gives
the
Lord
Sinclair
a
private
Commission
,
which
was
not
to
be
opened
till
such
time
as
they
came
to
give
Battle
,
wherein
,
he
made
him
General
of
the
whole
Army
.
Sinclair
,
having
decryed
Five
Hundred
English
Horse
Commanded
by
Sir
Thomas
Wharton
and
Sir
William
Musgrave
,
on
the
adjacent
Hills
,
he
breaks
his
Commission
open
,
and
Commanded
it
to
be
publickly
read
before
the
Army
;
which
so
distasted
all
of
them
,
and
especially
the
Lord
Maxwell
,
that
all
things
were
presently
in
a
Confusion
and
the
Army
ready
to
disband
.
The
opportunity
of
an
adjoining
Hill
gave
the
English
a
full
prospect
into
their
Army
,
and
invited
them
to
make
advantage
thereof
,
and
so
they
fell
upon
the
Scots
with
a
furious
charge
,
quickly
routed
them
,
slew
a
great
number
of
them
,
and
took
abundance
of
prisoners
,
among
whom
Sinclair
their
General
made
one
.
The
News
of
this
defeat
was
no
sooner
brought
to
the
King
,
who
was
not
far
off
,
but
he
fell
into
a
great
rage
and
fury
,
which
terminated
in
sadness
and
heavy
grief
of
heart
,
as
Robert
II.
his
great
Ancestor
did
upon
the
taking
of
his
Son
James
by
the
English
;
and
this
brought
him
to
watch
and
be
abstemious
,
disdaining
to
eat
his
Victuals
:
And
coming
to
understand
that
the
Country
was
full
of
murmurings
that
the
Kingdom
should
be
thus
endangered
for
the
Prelates
pleasure
,
and
knowing
withal
that
such
Complaints
were
Just
and
True
,
this
made
him
burst
out
with
some
threatning
and
revengeful
language
against
such
as
had
given
him
such
bad
advice
,
and
so
hastned
his
untimely
Death
:
For
those
evil
Councellors
had
no
sooner
understood
what
he
said
,
but
they
considered
the
danger
they
might
be
in
,
if
he
should
survive
,
and
fearing
the
Effects
of
his
displeasure
,
they
poisoned
him
,
having
learnt
the
Art
in
Italy
,
called
an
Italian
Posit
,
in
the
Three
and
Thirtieth
year
of
his
Age
,
and
two
and
Thirtieth
of
his
Reign
.
See
Melvill's
Memoirs
.
Cardinal
Beaton
who
,
t
is
supposed
,
had
a
great
hand
in
his
Death
,
counterfeited
his
will
;
wherein
himself
and
three
more
were
appointed
Governors
of
the
Kingdom
.
He
left
one
only
Daughter
Mary
,
that
Succeeded
him
in
his
Kingdom
and
Misfortunes
and
was
at
her
Fathers
Death
but
eight
Days
old
.
He
never
saw
her
,
and
't
was
said
,
when
he
was
informed
of
her
Birth
it
did
rather
aggravate
his
sorrow
then
exhilarate
his
mind
,
as
foreseeing
Scotland
would
one
way
or
other
fall
under
the
Government
of
the
English
Nation
.
The
King
cut
thus
off
in
the
flower
of
his
Age
,
the
tumults
of
the
former
times
were
rather
hushed
up
then
composed
,
so
that
Wise
men
foresaw
such
a
tempest
impending
over
Scotland
,
as
they
had
neither
ever
heard
before
in
the
ancient
records
of
time
▪
nor
had
themselves
seen
the
like
.
For
what
from
private
animosities
and
dissension
upon
the
score
of
Religion
,
and
from
a
War
from
aboard
with
a
puissant
King
,
now
enraged
with
the
Scots
prevaricating
with
him
,
there
was
reasonably
to
be
hoped
for
little
less
then
an
utter
desolation
.
However
,
something
must
be
done
,
and
the
Cardinal
according
to
his
Develish
subornation
,
takes
the
Administration
into
his
hands
;
but
James
Hamilton
Earl
of
Arran
being
presumptive
Heir
to
the
Crown
,
and
his
friends
as
well
as
many
others
disdaining
to
be
under
the
bondage
of
a
Mercenary
Priest
,
they
encouraged
him
to
assume
the
Regency
,
which
the
return
of
the
Prisoners
taken
in
the
last
Battle
by
the
English
(
who
were
released
by
the
King
of
England
with
the
hopes
,
and
upon
promise
of
procuring
their
young
Queen
to
be
married
to
Prince
Edward
and
thereby
to
have
the
two
Crowns
United
)
did
not
a
little
promote
,
so
that
the
Cardinals
forgery
being
in
a
little
time
detected
he
was
casheered
and
his
Kinsman
Arran
substituted
in
his
room
.
Not
long
after
,
came
Sir
Ralph
Sadler
,
Ambassador
from
King
Henry
into
Scotland
,
to
treat
about
the
foresaid
Match
;
but
the
Cardinal
and
his
faction
raise
forty
colourable
pretences
to
affront
him
and
elude
his
Message
,
and
to
fortify
themselves
as
much
as
might
be
,
sent
for
Mathew
Stuart
,
Earl
of
Lennox
out
of
France
,
by
whose
Interest
they
thought
to
ballance
that
of
the
Hamiltons
.
But
soon
after
his
arrival
,
finding
the
Regent
and
Cardinal
had
joined
Interests
,
and
that
himself
was
eluded
in
respect
to
the
promise
made
him
of
Marrying
the
Queen
Dowager
and
having
the
chief
management
of
affairs
;
and
withal
mis-representing
his
proceeding
to
the
French
King
,
he
has
recourse
to
Arms
;
But
not
finding
himself
to
have
Force
sufficient
to
cope
with
the
Regent
,
with
the
additional
Interest
of
the
Queen
and
Cardinal
,
he
makes
some
sort
of
Accommodation
with
them
:
But
at
last
experimenting
there
was
but
little
sincerity
in
all
their
Actions
,
and
that
himself
was
opprest
and
in
danger
of
his
life
every
moment
,
he
made
some
faint
resistance
and
in
the
end
withdrew
into
England
,
where
he
was
Honourably
received
by
the
King
;
who
besides
his
other
respects
,
gave
him
Margaret
Dowglass
in
Marriage
,
who
was
Sister
by
the
Mother
side
to
James
V.
last
King
of
Scotland
,
begot
by
the
Earl
of
Angus
upon
Margaret
Sister
to
Henry
VIII
.
from
which
Marriage
spr●ng
Henry
Stuart
Lord
Darnley
Husband
to
Mary
Queen
of
Scots
and
Father
to
James
VI.
of
Scotland
and
I.
of
England
,
of
whom
more
here
after
.
The
King
of
England
in
the
mean
time
being
highly
affronted
with
the
Scots
violating
of
their
faith
with
him
in
respect
to
the
Marriage
,
resolves
to
call
them
to
a
severe
account
for
their
perfidity
,
and
to
that
End
invades
their
Country
with
a
puissant
Army
,
commits
great
ravages
,
and
even
Pillaged
and
Burnt
Edenburg
it self
and
then
retreated
.
The
Scots
with
the
assistance
of
the
French
,
whose
Alliance
they
had
preferred
before
that
of
the
King
of
England
,
endeavoured
to
retrieve
the
loss
by
the
Invasion
of
the
English
Bordirs
but
made
little
of
the
matter
;
So
●hat
things
for
a
time
seemed
to
hang
in
●uspence
between
both
Nations
;
and
the
Cardinal
with
his
cut-throat
Ecclesiasticks
had
leasure
to
prosecute
those
that
espouesd
the
Reformation
,
and
because
the
Civil
power
would
not
meddle
with
the
matter
,
they
take
the
whole
into
their
own
hands
:
And
among
others
,
put
to
Death
one
George
Wiseheart
,
burning
him
for
an
Heretick
,
and
who
,
when
the
Governor
,
who
stood
by
,
exhorted
him
to
be
of
good
cheer
and
ask
Pardon
of
God
for
his
offences
;
He
replied
,
This
flame
occasions
trouble
in
deed
to
my
body
,
but
it
hath
in
no
wise
broken
my
spirit
,
but
he
who
now
proudly
looks
down
upon
me
from
yonder
lofty
place
(
pointing
to
the
Cardinal
)
shall
e're
long
be
as
ignominiously
thrown
down
,
as
now
he
proudly
●ies
at
his
ease
.
Which
strangely
came
to
pass
,
and
which
,
because
of
the
Tragicalness
of
the
Story
we
think
will
not
be
impertinent
to
insert
in
this
place
.
The
Cardinal
being
on
a
time
at
St.
Andrew's
and
having
appointed
a
day
for
the
Nobility
and
especially
those
whose
Estates
lay
nearest
the
Sea
,
to
Meet
and
Consult
what
was
fit
to
be
done
for
the
common
safety
,
for
their
Coasts
were
severely
threatned
by
the
great
Naval
preparations
of
the
English
made
against
them
:
He
determined
for
the
more
effectual
Execution
of
his
Design
to
take
a
strict
view
of
all
the
Sea-Coasts
,
to
Fortify
all
Convenient
Places
,
and
to
put
Garrisons
into
them
.
Among
the
rest
of
the
Noble
Men
Sons
,
who
came
into
the
Cardinal
,
Norman
Lesley
,
Son
to
the
Earl
of
Rothes
,
was
one
.
This
same
Person
had
done
great
and
eminent
Services
for
the
Cardinal
,
but
on
a
time
there
fell
out
a
dispute
concerning
a
private
business
which
enstranged
them
a
while
,
one
from
another
;
but
Norman
upon
great
promises
made
to
him
,
quitted
his
right
in
the
matter
contested
for
:
But
coming
after
some
months
to
demand
the
performance
of
what
was
promised
him
;
They
fell
from
plain
discourse
to
hot
words
,
and
afterwards
to
down-right
railing
,
uttering
such
reproachfull
words
to
one
another
as
became
neither
of
them
,
and
so
they
parted
in
great
rage
from
one
another
;
The
Cardinal
fancying
,
that
he
was
not
treated
with
that
deference
due
to
his
Eminency
,
and
Norman
full
of
Wrath
and
Fury
as
being
Circumvented
by
fraud
;
so
that
he
returned
home
with
thoughts
bent
upon
revenge
,
and
openly
among
his
Friends
inveyed
against
the
intollerable
Pride
of
the
Cardinal
insomuch
that
they
agreed
to
take
away
his
Life
:
And
that
the
matter
might
pass
with
the
least
suspicion
,
Norman
with
five
only
in
his
Company
came
to
St.
Andrew's
,
and
took
up
his
usual
Inn
,
that
his
intentious
might
be
concealed
,
by
reason
of
the
paucity
of
his
followers
;
But
there
were
ten
more
in
the
Town
Privy
to
the
Conspiracy
,
who
all
in
several
places
expected
the
Signal
to
fall
on
.
The
Days
were
then
very
long
as
being
in
the
Month
of
May
,
and
the
Cardinal
was
Fortifying
the
Castle
for
his
Defence
,
for
fear
of
any
surprize
in
such
great
haste
,
that
the
workmen
continued
at
work
almost
Night
and
Day
;
So
that
when
the
Porter
early
in
the
morning
opened
the
Gates
to
let
in
the
workmen
,
Norman
had
placed
two
of
his
Men
in
ambush
in
an
adjacent
House
,
with
orders
to
seize
the
Porter
;
And
when
they
had
,
by
so
doing
,
made
themselves
Masters
of
the
Gate
,
They
were
to
give
the
Signal
to
the
rest
:
By
this
means
they
all
entered
the
Castle
without
any
noise
,
and
dispatched
four
of
their
number
to
watch
the
Cardinal's
Door
,
that
no
Tydings
might
be
carried
in
to
him
,
others
were
appointed
to
go
to
the
Chambers
of
the
rest
of
the
household
,
to
call
them
up
.
(
for
they
knew
well
enough
both
the
Men
and
the
Place
)
them
they
roused
up
half
awake
,
and
calling
them
by
their
Names
,
threatned
them
severely
to
kill
them
without
any
more
ado
,
if
they
made
but
the
least
Out-cry
,
so
that
they
lead
them
all
out
of
the
Castle
in
great
silence
without
doing
them
the
least
harm
;
And
now
all
the
rest
being
put
out
,
they
alone
remained
Mast●rs
of
the
Castle
.
Whereupon
those
that
were
posted
at
the
Cardinal's
Door
knock'd
at
it
,
and
being
asked
by
those
within
what
their
Names
were
,
they
told
them
,
and
then
were
admitted
;
Having
,
as
have
some
written
,
given
their
words
,
that
they
would
hurt
no
body
:
But
when
they
once
got
in
,
they
dispatched
the
Cardinal
with
many
wounds
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Rumor
run
about
the
Town
,
That
the
Castle
was
taken
,
insomuch
that
the
Cardinals
Friends
half
drunk
,
and
half
asleep
,
started
out
of
their
Beds
,
and
cryed
out
Arms
:
And
thus
they
run
to
the
Castle
,
and
called
with
Menaces
and
Reproaches
,
for
Ladders
and
other
things
necessary
for
a
Storm
.
They
within
,
seeing
this
,
that
they
might
blunt
the
present
impetuosity
of
their
minds
and
put
some
check
upon
their
fury
;
Cryed
out
to
them
and
demanded
,
why
they
made
such
a
bustle
,
for
the
Man
was
dead
whom
they
thought
to
rescue
,
and
with
that
threw
out
the
Cardinals
dead
body
in
the
sight
of
them
all
,
even
out
of
that
very
place
,
where
before
he
rejoicingly
beheld
the
Execution
of
George
Wiseheart
.
The
English
in
the
mean
time
pursue
their
expedition
and
make
terrible
havock
in
the
Country
;
at
last
the
Regent
with
the
assistance
of
the
French
,
gave
them
some
repulse
,
which
was
followed
with
a
perswasive
Letter
from
the
English
to
a
Peace
:
But
the
Regent
with
his
Regiment
of
Popish
Priests
about
him
,
and
with
whom
he
consulted
alone
about
it
,
rejected
the
proposals
,
and
gives
them
Battle
,
but
receives
a
most
terrible
defeat
,
and
the
Priests
and
Monks
paid
the
shot
;
For
the
English
,
who
well
knew
,
it
was
by
their
Advice
their
Generous
Offers
had
been
refused
,
took
terrible
Vengeance
upon
them
,
and
gave
them
no
Quarter
that
bloody
day
.
But
this
and
other
Succesfull
expeditions
that
followed
could
not
prevent
the
Priestly
faction
to
send
their
young
Queen
over
into
France
,
which
was
the
thing
the
English
mostly
dreaded
,
as
having
a
desire
to
have
her
Married
to
Edward
VI.
which
would
have
United
both
Kingdoms
.
But
now
the
French
had
gained
that
point
,
they
grew
very
imperious
and
almost
intollerable
to
the
Scots
themselves
,
and
at
last
came
to
an
Agreement
with
the
English
to
quit
Scotland
which
was
done
,
in
May
,
1550.
The
Regents
Proceedings
had
disgusted
many
,
and
he
began
to
decline
in
his
Authority
,
so
that
he
was
brought
at
last
by
the
French
Artifice
to
resign
his
Office
,
which
by
the
same
Interest
was
conferred
upon
the
Queen
●owager
.
But
this
was
out
of
the
Frying-Pan
into
the
Fire
,
and
almost
all
the
time
of
her
Regency
was
spent
with
furious
contests
between
her
and
the
Reformed
,
who
,
at
last
with
the
Assistance
of
the
English
,
carried
the
Day
(
tho'
the
young
Queen
was
in
the
mean
time
Married
to
the
Dauphine
of
France
)
and
the
Q.
Regent
at
last
was
forced
to
resign
her
Office
by
Death
,
worn
out
with
sickness
and
with
grief
that
she
could
not
Accomplish
her
Design
.
After
the
Queen
Regents
Death
,
Peace
was
concluded
between
both
Parties
,
and
the
French
were
to
leave
Scotland
,
a
point
the
Regent
would
never
yeild
to
in
her
life
time
tho'
often
prest
unto
it
;
and
the
Death
of
Francis
the
Queen
of
Scots
Husband
,
now
become
King
of
France
,
occasioned
her
return
into
her
own
Country
,
and
the
rather
because
she
found
her
Mother-in-Law
,
who
managed
matters
of
State
now
somewhat
alienated
from
her
,
and
she
could
not
endure
to
truckle
to
her
.
Soon
after
her
arrival
she
dispatched
William
Maitland
,
Embassador
to
Q.
Elizabeth
to
Confirm
the
Peace
lately
made
,
but
the
Chief
of
his
Errand
appear'd
to
be
to
press
Elizabeth
to
declare
her
to
be
the
next
Heir
to
the
Crown
of
England
;
which
motion
,
because
Queen
Elizabeth
did
not
a
little
stomach
,
and
and
I
do
verily
believe
had
some
influence
upon
Queen
Mary's
Future
Calamity
,
we
shall
a
little
more
particularly
insist
upon
,
together
with
the
Queens
reply
to
the
Ambassador
upon
it
.
He
began
first
to
acquaint
her
how
highly
the
Queen
his
Mistress
was
affected
toward
her
,
and
how
much
she
desired
to
maintain
Peace
and
Amity
with
her
;
he
also
carried
to
her
Letters
from
the
Nobility
,
in
which
was
mentioned
a
Friendly
Commemoration
of
former
obligations
and
Courtesies
;
But
one
thing
they
earnestly
desired
of
her
that
both
publickly
and
privately
,
she
would
shew
her self
Friendly
and
Courteous
towards
their
Queen
,
and
being
incited
by
good
Offices
,
she
would
not
only
preserve
them
in
her
ancient
Friendship
,
but
superadd
daily
stronger
obligations
if
possible
hereunto
.
As
for
their
part
it
should
be
their
earnest
desire
and
study
to
pretermit
no
occasion
of
perpetuating
the
Peace
betwixt
the
two
Neighbour
Nations
,
and
that
there
was
but
one
sure
way
to
induce
an
amnesty
of
all
past
differences
,
and
to
stifle
the
spring
of
them
for
ever
,
by
the
Queen
of
England's
Declaring
by
an
Act
of
Parliament
Confirmed
by
the
Royal
assent
,
That
their
Queen
was
Heiress
to
the
Kingdom
of
England
next
after
her self
and
her
Children
,
if
ever
she
had
any
;
And
when
the
Ambassador
had
urged
the
equity
and
reasonableness
of
such
a
Law
,
and
how
beneficial
it
would
be
to
all
Britain
by
many
Arguments
,
he
added
in
the
close
;
That
she
being
her
nearest
Kinswoman
,
ought
to
be
more
intent
and
diligent
than
others
in
having
such
an
Act
made
,
and
that
the
Queen
his
Mistress
did
expect
that
Testimony
of
good
will
and
respect
from
her
.
To
which
the
Queen
of
England
made
Answer
to
this
purpose
?
I
wonder
she
hath
forgot
how
that
before
her
departure
out
of
France
,
that
after
much
urging
she
promised
that
the
League
made
at
Leith
should
be
Confirmed
.
She
having
faithfully
engaged
it
should
be
so
,
as
soon
as
e're
she
returned
to
her
own
Country
;
I
have
,
continued
she
,
been
put
off
with
Words
long
enough
,
now
it
is
time
,
if
she
had
any
regard
to
her
Honour
,
that
her
Actions
should
answer
her
Words
.
To
which
the
Ambassador
replied
,
That
he
was
sent
on
that
Embassy
but
a
very
few
Da●●s
after
the
Queens
arrival
,
before
she
had
entred
upon
the
Administration
of
any
publick
affairs
;
that
she
had
been
hitherto
taken
up
in
treating
of
the
Nobility
,
many
of
whom
she
had
never
seen
before
,
who
came
from
diverse
parts
,
to
perform
their
duti●ull
Salutations
to
her
;
but
that
she
was
chiefly
employ'd
about
settling
the
State
of
Religion
,
which
,
how
troublesome
and
difficult
a
thing
it
is
,
said
he
,
Your self
well
know
.
Hence
he
proceeded
to
shew
that
his
Mistress
had
had
no
vacant
time
at
all
before
his
departure
,
neither
had
she
yet
called
sit
Men
for
her
Council
to
Consult
about
various
affairs
:
especially
since
the
Nobility
who
lived
in
the
remotest
parts
of
the
North
had
not
been
yet
able
to
attend
her
,
before
his
coming
away
,
with
whose
advice
,
matters
of
s●ch
publick
moment
could
,
and
ought
to
be
transacted
.
which
words
somewhat
incensed
Queen
Elizabeth
,
and
said
;
What
need
hath
the
Queen
to
make
any
Consultation
about
that
which
she
hath
obliged
her self
to
under
Hand
and
Seal
?
he
replyed
,
I
can
give
no
other
answer
at
present
,
for
I
received
no
Command
about
it
,
neither
did
our
Q.
expect
that
an
account
thereof
would
now
be
required
of
me
,
and
you
may
easily
consider
with
your self
what
Just
causes
of
delay
she
at
present
lies
under
;
and
after
some
other
Words
the
Queen
returned
to
the
main
point
,
and
said
:
I
observe
what
you
most
insist
upon
in
behalf
of
the
Queen
and
in
seconding
the
Requests
of
the
Nobles
,
you
put
me
in
mind
;
That
your
Queen
is
descended
from
the
Blood
of
the
King
's
of
England
,
and
that
I
am
bound
to
love
her
by
a
natural
Obligation
as
being
my
near
Kinswoman
,
which
I
neither
can
,
nor
will
deny
;
I
have
also
made
it
evident
to
the
whole
World
that
in
all
my
Actions
I
ne'er
attempted
any
thing
against
the
good
and
Tranquility
of
her self
and
her
Kingdom
;
those
who
are
acquainted
with
my
inward
thoughts
and
inclinations
are
conscious
,
that
tho'
I
had
just
cause
of
offence
given
,
by
her
using
my
Arms
and
claiming
a
Title
to
my
Kingdom
,
yet
I
could
hardly
be
perswaded
,
but
that
these
seeds
of
hatred
came
from
others
and
not
from
her self
:
However
,
the
case
stands
,
I
hope
she
does
not
pretend
to
take
away
my
Crown
whilst
I
am
alive
,
nor
hinder
my
Children
,
if
I
have
any
,
to
Succeed
me
in
the
Kingdom
.
But
if
any
Calamity
should
happen
to
me
before
,
as
she
shall
never
find
that
I
have
done
any
thing
to
prejudice
the
right
she
pretends
to
have
to
the
Kingdom
of
England
,
so
I
never
thought
my self
obliged
to
make
a
disquisition
into
what
that
right
is
,
and
I
am
of
the
same
mind
still
,
and
so
shall
leave
it
to
those
who
are
skillfull
in
the
Law
to
determine
.
As
for
your
Queen
,
she
may
expect
this
confidently
of
me
that
if
her
cause
be
just
,
I
shall
not
prejudice
it
in
the
least
.
I
call
God
to
witness
,
that
next
to
my self
,
I
know
none
that
I
would
prefer
before
her
,
or
if
the
matter
come
to
a
dispute
,
that
can
exclude
her
;
Thou
knowest
,
said
she
,
who
are
the
Competitors
,
by
what
assistance
,
or
in
hopes
of
what
Force
,
can
such
poor
Creatures
attempt
such
a
mighty
thing
?
After
some
further
discourse
,
the
Conclusion
was
short
;
That
it
was
a
business
of
great
weight
and
moment
,
and
that
this
was
the
first
time
she
had
entertained
serious
thoughts
about
it
,
and
therefore
she
had
need
of
longer
time
to
dispatch
it
.
Some
Days
after
she
sent
for
the
Ambassador
again
,
and
told
him
,
That
she
extreamly
wondered
why
the
Nobility
should
demand
such
a
thing
of
her
,
upon
the
first
arrival
of
the
Queen
,
especially
knowing
that
the
causes
of
former
offences
were
not
yet
taken
away
;
But
continued
she
,
What
,
pray
do
they
require
?
that
I
having
been
so
much
wronged
should
before
any
satisfaction
received
gratify
her
in
so
large
a
manner
;
This
demand
is
not
far
from
a
threat
:
If
they
proceed
on
in
this
way
,
let
them
know
,
that
I
have
Force
at
home
,
and
Friends
abroad
as
well
as
they
,
who
will
defend
my
just
right
.
To
which
he
answered
,
That
he
had
shewn
clearly
at
first
,
how
that
the
Nobility
had
insisted
on
this
hopefull
Medium
of
Concord
,
partly
out
of
Duty
to
their
own
Queen
,
in
a
prospect
to
maintain
her
●weal
,
and
increase
her
Dignity
,
and
partly
▪
out
of
a
desire
to
contribute
and
settle
publick
Peace
and
Amity
,
and
that
they
dealt
more
plainly
with
her
then
with
any
other
Prince
.
In
this
Cause
,
proceeds
,
said
he
,
your
known
and
experimented
good
will
towards
them
,
and
also
upon
the
account
of
their
own
safety
;
For
they
knew
they
must
venture
Life
and
Fortune
if
any
body
did
oppose
the
right
of
the
Queen
,
or
if
any
War
did
arise
betwixt
the
Nations
on
that
Account
.
And
therefore
their
desires
did
not
seem
unwarantable
or
unjust
,
as
tending
to
the
cradicating
the
seeds
of
all
Discords
and
the
settling
of
a
firm
and
solid
Peace
.
She
rejoyned
,
If
I
had
Acted
any
thing
that
might
diminish
your
Queens
right
,
then
your
demand
might
have
been
Just
,
that
what
was
amiss
might
be
amended
;
but
this
postulation
is
without
an
Example
,
that
I
should
wrap
my self
up
in
my
Winding-Sheet
while
I
am
alive
,
neither
was
the
like
asked
before
by
any
Prince
;
however
I
take
not
the
good
intention
of
your
Nobility
amiss
and
the
rather
because
it
is
an
Evidence
to
me
,
that
they
have
a
desire
to
promote
the
Interest
and
Honour
of
their
Queen
;
And
I
do
put
as
great
a
value
upon
their
prudence
in
providing
for
their
own
security
,
and
of
being
tender
of
shedding
Christian
Blood
,
which
could
not
be
avoided
if
any
faction
should
arise
to
Challenge
the
Kingdom
,
but
what
such
party
can
there
be
,
or
where
should
they
have
Force
?
But
to
let
these
considerations
pass
,
suppose
I
were
inclinable
to
assent
to
their
demands
,
do
you
think
I
would
do
it
rather
at
the
Request
of
the
Nobles
than
of
the
Queen
her self
?
But
there
are
many
other
things
that
avert
me
from
such
a
Transaction
.
First
,
I
am
not
ignorant
how
dangerous
a
thing
it
is
to
venture
upon
the
dispute
,
the
disceptation
concerning
the
right
of
the
Kingdom
I
always
mightily
avoided
,
for
the
controversy
has
been
already
so
much
canvassed
in
the
months
of
many
,
concerning
a
Just
and
Lawfull
Marriage
,
and
what
Children
were
Bastards
and
what
Legitimate
,
according
as
every
one
is
addicted
to
this
or
that
that
party
;
that
by
reason
of
these
disputes
,
I
have
been
hitherto
more
backward
in
Marrying
.
Once
when
I
took
the
Crown
publickly
upon
me
,
I
Married
my self
to
the
Kingdom
,
and
I
wear
the
Ring
I
then
put
on
my
Finger
,
as
a
Badge
thereof
,
however
my
Resolution
stands
,
I
will
be
Queen
of
England
as
long
as
I
live
,
and
when
I
am
dead
let
that
Person
Succeed
in
my
place
which
hath
most
right
to
it
,
and
if
that
chance
to
be
your
Queen
,
I
will
put
no
obstacle
to
it
.
But
if
another
hath
a
better
Title
,
't
were
an
unjust
Request
to
me
,
to
make
a
publick
edict
to
his
prejudice
;
If
there
be
any
Law
against
your
Queen
't
is
unknown
to
me
,
and
I
have
no
great
delight
to
sift
into
it
,
but
if
there
should
be
any
such
Law
,
I
was
sworn
at
my
Coronation
that
I
would
not
change
my
Subjects
Laws
.
As
for
the
Second
Allegation
,
that
the
Declaration
of
my
Successor
will
knit
a
stricter
bond
of
Amity
betwixt
us
,
I
am
afraid
rather
it
will
be
a
seminary
of
hatred
and
discontent
;
What
do
you
think
I
am
willing
to
have
some
of
my
Grave
Cloaths
always
before
my
Eyes
?
Kings
have
this
peculiarity
,
that
they
have
some
kind
of
sentiments
against
their
own
Children
,
who
are
born
Lawfull
Heirs
to
Succeed
them
.
Thus
Charles
VII
.
of
France
somewhat
disgusted
Lewis
XI
.
and
Lewis
XII
.
Charles
VIII
.
and
of
late
Francis
ill
resented
Henry
,
and
how
it
is
likely
,
I
should
stand
affected
towards
my
Kinswoman
,
If
she
be
once
Declared
my
Heir
,
just
as
Charles
VII
.
was
towards
Lewiss
XI
.
besides
,
and
that
which
weighs
most
with
me
,
I
know
the
inconstancy
of
this
people
,
I
know
how
they
loath
the
present
State
of
things
,
I
know
how
intent
their
Eyes
are
upon
a
Successor
.
'T
is
natural
for
all
men
as
the
Proverb
is
,
To
worship
rather
the
rising
than
setting
Sun
.
I
have
learned
that
from
my
own
times
,
to
omit
other
Examples
when
my
Sister
Mary
was
sat
at
the
Helm
,
how
eager
did
some
Men
desire
to
see
me
placed
on
the
Throne
,
How
sollicitous
were
they
in
advancing
me
thereto
;
I
am
not
ignorant
what
danger
they
would
have
undergone
to
bring
their
design
to
an
issue
,
if
my
Will
had
concurred
with
their
Designs
:
Now
perhaps
the
same
Men
are
otherwise
minded
,
just
like
Children
when
they
dream
of
Apples
in
their
sleep
,
they
are
very
Joyfull
,
but
waking
in
the
morning
,
and
finding
themselves
frustrate
of
their
hopes
their
mirth
is
turned
into
mourning
.
Thus
I
am
dealt
with
by
those
,
who
whilst
I
was
yet
a
private
Woman
,
wished
me
so
well
;
If
I
looked
upon
any
of
them
a
little
more
pleasant
than
ordinary
,
they
thought
presently
with
themselves
that
as
soon
as
ever
I
came
to
the
Throne
,
they
should
be
rewarded
rather
at
the
rate
of
their
own
desires
,
than
of
the
Service
they
performed
for
me
.
But
now
seeing
the
event
hath
not
answered
expectation
,
some
of
them
do
gape
after
a
new
change
of
things
in
hopes
of
a
better
Fortune
,
for
the
wealth
of
a
Prince
,
tho
never
so
great
cannot
satisfy
the
unsatiable
desires
of
all
Men
:
But
if
the
good
will
of
my
Subjects
do
flag
towards
me
,
or
if
their
minds
are
changed
,
because
I
am
not
profuse
enough
in
my
Largesses
,
or
for
some
other
cause
,
what
will
be
the
event
,
when
the
malevolent
shall
have
a
Successor
named
,
to
whom
they
may
make
their
grievances
known
,
and
in
their
anger
and
pet
betake
themselves
?
What
danger
shall
I
then
be
in
,
when
so
powerfull
a
Neighbour
Prince
is
my
Successor
,
the
more
strength
I
add
to
her
in
assertaining
her
Succession
,
the
more
I
detract
from
my
own
security
;
This
danger
cannot
be
avoided
by
any
precautions
,
or
by
any
bands
of
Law
;
yet
those
Princes
who
have
hope
of
a
Kingdom
offer'd
them
,
will
hardly
contain
themselves
within
the
bounds
either
of
Law
or
Equity
:
for
my
part
if
my
Successor
were
publickly
declared
to
the
World
,
I
should
think
my
affairs
to
be
far
from
being
settled
and
secured
.
A
few
days
after
,
the
Ambassador
asked
the
Queen
,
Whether
she
would
return
any
Answer
to
the
Letter
of
the
Scottish
Nobility
?
I
have
nothing
,
said
she
,
at
present
,
to
answer
,
only
I
commend
their
Diligence
and
Love
to
their
Prince
,
but
the
matter
is
of
such
great
weight
,
that
I
cannot
so
soon
give
a
plain
and
express
answer
thereunto
,
but
when
the
Queen
shall
have
done
her
Duty
,
in
Confirming
the
League
she
obliged
her self
to
Ratifie
,
then
't
will
be
seasonable
to
try
my
Affection
towards
her
;
in
the
mean
time
,
I
cannot
gratifie
her
in
her
Request
without
Diminution
to
my
own
Dignity
:
The
Ambassador
reply'd
,
He
had
no
Command
about
that
Affair
,
nor
ever
had
any
Discourse
with
his
Mistress
concerning
the
same
;
neither
did
he
then
propound
the
Queen's
Judgment
concerning
the
Right
of
Succession
but
his
own
,
and
had
brought
Reasons
to
enforce
it
;
but
as
as
for
the
Confirmation
of
the
League
by
her
Husband
,
't
was
inforced
from
the
Queen
of
Scots
without
the
Consent
of
those
to
whom
the
Ratifying
or
Disannulling
thereof
did
much
concern
;
neither
was
the
thing
of
such
consequence
,
as
therefore
to
exclude
her
and
her
Posterity
from
the
Inheritance
of
England
;
I
do
not
enquire
,
said
he
,
by
whom
,
how
,
when
,
by
what
Authority
,
and
for
what
Reason
that
League
was
made
,
seeing
I
had
no
command
to
speak
about
any
such
matter
;
but
this
I
dare
affirm
,
that
though
it
were
confirmed
by
her
in
Compliance
with
her
Husbands
Desire
,
yet
so
great
a
stress
depending
on
it
,
his
Queen
in
time
,
would
find
out
some
reason
or
other
,
why
it
should
and
ought
to
be
dissolved
:
I
speak
not
this
,
said
he
,
in
the
name
of
the
Queen
,
but
my
intent
is
to
shew
,
that
our
Nobility
have
cause
for
what
they
do
,
that
so
all
Controversies
being
plucked
up
by
the
Roots
,
a
firm
and
sure
Peace
may
be
established
amongst
us
.
As
this
aggravated
the
Spirits
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
so
it
was
no
doubt
a
great
Mortification
to
Queen
Mary
;
but
truckle
she
must
,
and
so
she
confirmed
the
League
,
resigning
any
Pretensions
to
wear
the
Arms
of
England
and
Ireland
during
the
others
Life
;
and
some
time
after
an
interview
between
both
Queens
was
appointed
to
be
at
York
,
but
some
accidents
fell
out
that
prevented
it
,
and
though
the
Queen
of
Scots
was
afterwards
detained
in
England
for
so
many
years
together
,
(
the
causes
whereof
we
are
now
a
going
to
shew
you
)
yet
they
never
saw
one
another
all
their
days
;
and
because
the
Story
of
David
Rizzio
has
so
great
a
Connection
with
the
Misfortunes
of
this
Queen
,
it
will
be
necessary
in
this
place
to
give
you
the
Particulars
of
it
.
This
David
Rizzio
was
born
at
Turin
in
Savoy
,
his
Father
an
honest
poor
Man
,
that
got
a
mean
livelihood
for
himself
and
his
Family
,
by
Teaching
the
Elements
of
Musick
,
and
having
no
other
Patrimony
to
leave
his
Children
,
he
made
them
all
,
of
both
Sexes
,
skillful
Musicians
.
David
was
one
of
the
number
,
who
being
in
the
Prime
of
his
Youth
,
and
having
an
excellent
Voice
,
was
by
his
Skill
in
Musick
raised
up
to
the
hopes
of
a
better
Fortune
;
he
went
first
to
Nice
,
where
the
Duke
of
Savoy
then
kept
his
Court
,
but
meeting
with
no
entertainment
there
conformable
to
his
hopes
,
and
contriving
every
way
how
to
relieve
him
in
his
Penury
,
he
light
upon
one
Morretius
,
who
,
by
the
Dukes
Command
was
then
preparing
to
go
for
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
whom
he
followed
thither
▪
but
Morretius
being
himself
a
Man
of
no
great
Fortune
,
and
looking
upon
his
Service
as
useless
and
unnecessary
▪
David
resolved
to
stay
in
Scotland
,
and
try
his
Fortune
there
,
especially
because
he
understood
the
Queen
delighted
in
Musick
,
and
was
not
ignorant
of
the
Rudiments
thereof
her self
;
whereupon
to
make
way
into
her
Presence
,
he
first
dealt
with
her
Musicians
,
of
whom
many
were
French
,
to
admit
him
to
be
one
of
their
Society
,
which
they
did
;
and
having
plaid
his
part
once
or
twice
,
was
liked
very
well
▪
whereupon
he
was
introduced
to
be
one
of
their
Set
or
Company
,
and
he
so
complied
with
the
Queen's
Humour
,
that
what
by
flattering
of
her
,
and
what
by
undermining
of
others
,
he
grew
into
high
Favour
with
her
,
and
into
the
extream
Hatred
of
his
Fellows
;
neither
did
he
Content
himself
with
this
favourable
blast
of
Fortune
,
but
he
held
his
equals
in
Contempt
,
and
by
sundry
Accusations
wormed
them
out
of
their
places
,
and
began
to
Treat
about
Matters
of
State
,
and
at
last
was
made
Secretary
,
and
by
that
means
had
private
Converse
with
the
Queen
apart
from
others
.
The
sudden
advance
of
this
Man
from
a
low
and
almost
beggerly
State
to
such
Power
,
Wealth
,
and
Grandeur
,
afforded
matter
of
Discourse
to
the
People
;
his
Fortune
was
far
above
his
Virtue
,
and
his
Arrogance
and
Contempt
of
his
Equals
,
and
Contention
with
Superiours
,
did
far
exceed
his
Fortune
;
and
this
Vanity
and
Madness
of
the
Man
was
much
augmented
by
the
flattery
of
the
Nobility
,
who
sought
his
Friendship
,
Courted
him
,
and
admired
his
Judgment
,
walked
before
his
Lodgings
observing
his
Egress
and
Regress
;
but
the
Earl
of
Murray
alone
,
the
Queen
's
base
Brother
,
but
a
Man
of
Virtue
and
Sobriety
,
and
such
as
had
no
Dissimulation
in
his
Heart
,
was
so
far
from
fawning
on
David
,
that
he
gave
him
many
a
soure
look
,
which
troubled
the
Queen
as
much
as
David
himself
:
Now
about
this
time
,
did
Matthew
Steward
,
Earl
of
Lennox
,
get
leave
of
the
Queen
to
return
to
Scotland
,
with
his
Son
,
Henry
Lord
Darnley
,
a
young
Nobleman
of
an
high
Lineage
,
and
most
goodly
Personage
,
being
Cousin
German
to
the
Queen
,
who
received
him
very
Courteously
,
and
delighting
daily
in
his
Society
,
did
at
last
resolve
to
Marry
him
.
David
therefore
to
make
his
Party
good
against
Murray
,
applies
himself
with
great
Adulation
to
this
young
Gentleman
,
who
was
to
be
the
Queen's
Husband
,
so
that
he
came
to
be
so
familiar
with
him
,
as
to
be
admitted
to
his
Chamber
and
Bed
side
,
and
to
secret
Conference
with
him
,
where
he
perswaded
him
,
out
of
his
unwary
Credulity
and
forwardness
to
compass
his
desires
,
that
he
was
the
chief
occasion
to
make
the
Queen
cast
her
Eye
upon
him
;
besides
,
he
cast
in
Seeds
of
Discord
between
him
and
Murray
every
day
,
as
knowing
,
that
if
he
were
removed
,
he
should
pass
the
remainder
of
his
Life
without
Affront
or
Disturbance
;
and
there
being
now
much
talk
abroad
,
not
only
of
the
Queen's
Marriage
with
Darnley
,
and
his
secret
Recourse
to
her
,
but
also
of
the
too
great
familiarity
between
her
and
David
Rizzio
,
Murray
by
his
down-right
dealing
with
her
upon
these
accounts
,
got
nothing
but
her
Hatred
,
and
so
leaves
the
Court
,
that
he
might
not
be
thought
the
Author
of
what
was
acted
there
;
but
the
Queen
finding
that
Murray
was
highly
favoured
of
the
People
,
was
so
incensed
against
him
,
that
she
hastened
his
long
before
designed
end
,
and
the
manner
to
accomplish
it
was
thus
:
Murray
was
to
be
sent
for
to
Perth
,
where
the
Queen
was
with
a
few
Attendants
,
there
Darnley
was
to
Discourse
him
,
and
in
the
Conference
they
all
knew
he
would
speak
his
Mind
freely
,
and
then
a
Quarrel
would
arise
,
upon
which
,
David
Rizzio
was
to
give
the
first
blow
,
and
then
the
rest
were
to
wound
him
to
Death
.
Murray
was
made
acquainted
with
this
Conspiracy
by
his
Friends
at
Court
,
yet
,
come
what
would
,
he
resolved
to
go
;
but
as
he
was
on
his
Journey
,
being
again
advertised
of
the
design
by
Patrick
Ruuen
,
he
turned
aside
to
his
Mother's
House
near
Loch-Levin
,
and
being
troubled
with
a
Lask
,
excused
himself
,
and
staid
there
.
Thither
some
of
his
Friends
came
to
visit
him
,
whereupon
a
Report
was
presently
spread
about
,
that
he
staid
there
to
intercept
the
Queen
and
Darnley
in
their
return
to
Edenburg●
;
upon
this
,
Horsemen
were
sent
out
,
but
they
discover'd
no
Men
in
Arms
,
or
sign
of
any
force
;
yet
the
Queen
made
such
haste
,
and
was
so
fearful
in
this
Journey
,
as
if
some
great
danger
had
been
at
hand
.
This
hopeful
Plot
was
the
Preludium
to
the
unhappy
Marriage
that
soon
after
succeeded
,
to
which
end
a
great
part
of
the
Nobility
were
called
together
at
Sterlin
,
that
so
the
Queen
might
countenance
her
Will
and
P●easure
▪
with
some
pretence
of
publick
Consent
,
most
of
those
they
sent
for
were
such
as
they
knew
would
easily
give
their
Assent
,
or
else
,
that
durst
not
oppose
〈◊〉
many
of
those
so
Congregated
,
assented
to
the
motion
▪
provided
always
,
●●at
no
alteration
should
be
made
in
the
〈◊〉
established
Religion
▪
As
for
Murray
he
was
not
averse
from
the
Marriage
,
for
he
was
the
first
Adviser
that
the
young
man
should
be
called
out
of
England
)
but
he
foresaw
what
Tumult
it
would
occasion
,
if
it
were
Celebrated
without
the
Queen
of
England's
Consent
;
besides
,
he
promised
to
procure
her
Consent
,
that
so
all
things
might
go
on
favourably
;
but
perceiving
there
would
be
no
freedom
of
Debate
in
that
Convention
,
he
chose
rather
to
be
absent
than
to
declare
his
Opinion
,
which
might
prove
destructive
to
himself
,
and
no
way
advantageous
to
the
Commonwealth
.
The
Vulgar
also
were
very
free
in
their
Debates
about
the
freedom
or
not
freedom
of
the
Queen
to
Dispose
of
her self
in
Marriage
,
till
at
length
came
an
English
Ambassador
,
who
declared
,
That
his
Mistress
did
much
admire
,
that
seeing
both
of
them
were
equally
Allied
to
her
,
they
should
precipitate
so
great
an
Affair
without
acquainting
her
with
it
;
and
therefore
she
earnestly
desired
that
they
would
stay
a
while
,
and
weigh
the
thing
somewhat
more
seriously
,
to
the
great
Benefit
,
probably
of
both
Kingdoms
.
But
this
Embassy
effected
nothing
,
so
that
Queen
Elizabeth
dispatched
Sir
Nicholas
Throgmorton
to
tell
the
Earl
of
Lennox
and
his
Son
,
that
they
had
a
Convoy
from
her
to
return
at
a
set
day
into
England
,
and
that
day
was
now
past
,
and
therefore
she
commanded
them
to
return
,
which
if
they
refused
,
they
were
to
be
Banished
,
and
their
Goods
Confiscated
.
But
this
Commination
would
not
do
neither
,
but
they
persisted
in
their
purpose
;
and
because
the
Queen
of
Scots
would
not
be
thought
to
Marry
a
private
man
,
she
Creates
Darnley
Duke
of
Rothsay
,
and
Earl
of
Ross
;
moreover
,
the
Predictions
of
Wizzardly
Women
in
both
Kingdoms
,
did
contribute
much
to
hasten
the
Marriage
,
who
Prophesied
,
That
if
it
were
Consummate
before
the
end
of
July
,
it
foretold
much
future
advantage
to
them
both
;
if
not
,
much
Reproach
and
Ignominy
;
which
Predictions
,
how
true
,
will
appear
by
and
by
.
Besides
,
there
were
Rumours
spread
abroad
of
the
Death
of
the
Queen
of
England
,
and
the
day
mentioned
before
which
she
should
Die.
This
Marriage
was
no
sooner
Consummate
and
Proclaimed
by
an
Herauld
at
Arms
in
Edenburg
,
and
elsewhere
,
but
the
People
began
to
murmur
grievously
,
and
especially
the
absent
Nobility
stormed
mightily
at
it
;
and
did
not
only
rest
there
,
but
take
up
Arms
:
but
having
no
good
Correspondence
one
with
another
,
they
were
soon
dissipated
and
supprest
;
and
in
some
time
after
a
Convention
of
the
Estates
of
the
Kingdom
was
Indicted
to
be
held
,
that
so
the
Goods
of
those
who
were
Banished
might
be
Confiscate
,
their
Names
struck
out
of
the
Nobility
,
and
their
Armorial
Ensigns
torn
to
pieces
.
And
the
Queen
was
continually
solicited
by
David
Rizzio
,
to
cut
off
some
of
the
Chief
of
the
Faction
,
and
to
have
a
Guard
of
Foreigners
about
her
Person
,
(
a
project
that
is
wont
to
be
the
beginning
of
all
Tyranny
,
)
and
because
they
should
be
the
more
at
David's
Devotion
,
they
must
consist
of
Italians
,
his
own
Country-men
;
but
because
this
must
not
be
done
bare-faced
,
they
were
to
come
in
from
Flanders
by
piece-meal
,
one
by
one
,
and
at
several
times
too
,
which
way
of
procedure
was
another
step
towards
this
Queen's
Ruin
.
But
as
David's
Power
and
Authority
with
the
Queen
daily
increased
,
so
the
King
grew
into
greater
Contempt
with
her
every
day
;
for
as
she
had
rashly
precipitate
in
Consummating
the
Marriage
,
so
did
she
as
soon
repent
of
it
,
and
gave
manifest
Indications
of
her
alienated
Mind
.
For
as
she
had
presently
after
the
Celebration
of
the
Marriage
,
publickly
proclaimed
him
King
by
an
Herauld
,
without
the
Consent
of
the
States
;
and
that
afterwards
,
in
all
her
Mandates
,
till
that
time
,
the
King
and
Queens
Names
were
exprest
,
now
she
changed
the
Order
,
keeping
both
Names
in
,
but
setting
her
own
down
first
.
At
length
,
the
Queen
,
to
deprive
her
Husband
of
any
opportunity
to
do
Courtesies
to
any
,
began
to
find
fault
with
him
,
that
whilst
he
was
busie
in
Hawking
and
Hunting
,
many
slight
matters
were
acted
unseasonably
,
or
else
were
wholly
neglected
:
and
therefore
it
would
do
better
that
she
should
subcribe
her
Name
for
them
both
,
and
by
this
means
he
might
enjoy
his
Pleasure
,
and
yet
no
publick
Business
be
retarded
.
The
poor
King
was
willing
to
gratifie
her
in
every
thing
,
and
yielded
to
be
dismist
upon
such
frivolous
Grounds
,
that
so
being
remote
from
tha
Council
and
Privacy
of
publick
Affairs
,
the
obligation
for
all
Boons
might
redound
to
the
Queen
her self
.
For
these
were
her
Thoughts
,
that
if
her
Husbands
Favour
could
do
no
good
Offices
to
any
,
and
his
Displeasure
were
formidable
to
none
,
he
would
by
Degrees
come
to
be
contemned
of
all
.
And
further
to
increase
the
Indignity
,
David
was
substituted
,
with
an
Iron
Seal
,
to
impress
the
Kings
Name
on
Proclamations
:
Being
thus
fraudulently
Cosened
out
of
Publick
Business
,
least
he
might
also
prove
an
interrupter
of
their
private
Pleasures
,
he
was
dispatch'd
away
in
a
very
sharp
Winter
,
to
a
place
called
Debly
,
with
a
very
small
Retinue
,
far
beneath
the
Dignity
of
some
private
Persons
,
for
a
Prey
rather
then
for
any
Recreation
;
At
the
same
time
fell
such
a
quantity
of
Snow
,
that
the
place
,
which
was
not
very
plentiful
at
best
,
and
besides
troubled
with
Thieves
,
was
enough
to
starve
him
,
who
was
bred
always
at
Court
,
and
used
to
a
Liberal
Diet
:
And
he
would
have
been
in
great
hazards
of
wanting
Necessaries
,
had
not
the
Bishop
of
Orkney
casually
came
thither
▪
for
he
knowing
the
scarcity
of
the
place
,
brought
with
him
some
Wine
,
and
other
Provisions
for
his
use
.
The
Queen
,
not
Content
to
advance
David
,
and
as
't
were
,
to
shew
him
to
the
People
,
from
such
an
obscure
Original
,
on
the
account
before-mentioned
,
but
she
took
Counsel
another
way
,
how
to
Cloath
him
with
Domestick
Honour
;
for
whereas
the
Queen
had
for
some
Months
past
permitted
more
Company
than
usual
to
sit
with
her
at
Table
,
that
so
David's
place
in
the
crowd
might
be
less
envyed
;
She
thought
,
by
this
shew
of
Popularity
to
gain
the
point
,
that
the
unaccustomedness
of
the
●ight
might
by
the
multitudes
of
guest
and
daily
usage
,
be
somewhat
alleviated
,
and
so
mens
high
Spirits
by
degrees
be
innured
to
bear
any
thing
.
But
at
last
,
it
went
so
far
,
that
none
but
he
and
one
or
two
more
fate
at
Meat
with
her
;
and
that
the
narrowness
of
the
Room
might
detract
something
from
the
Envy
of
the
thing
,
she
would
sometimes
Eat
her
Junkets
in
a
little
Parlour
,
and
sometimes
also
at
David's
Lodgings
;
but
the
Methods
she
thus
used
to
lessen
,
did
but
increase
the
Reflections
,
for
this
maintained
Suspicions
,
and
administred
occasions
to
add
Discourses
.
Now
were
Men's
Thoughts
let
loose
,
and
they
were
influenced
the
more
,
that
David
,
in
Houshold-stuff
,
Apparrel
,
and
number
of
brave
and
stately
Horses
,
exceeded
even
the
King
himself
;
and
it
made
the
matter
look
the
worse
,
that
all
this
Ornament
did
not
credit
his
Face
,
but
that
rather
his
Face
spoiled
all
this
Ornament
.
But
the
Queen
not
being
able
to
amend
the
fault
of
Nature
,
endeavoured
by
heaping
Riches
and
Honour
upon
him
,
to
raise
him
up
to
the
Degree
of
the
Nobles
,
that
so
she
might
hide
the
meanness
of
his
Birth
,
and
the
imperfections
of
his
Body
too
,
with
the
vail
of
his
lofty
Promotions
;
but
care
must
be
had
that
he
should
be
advanced
by
Degrees
,
least
he
might
seem
to
be
but
a
poor
mercenary
Senator
.
The
first
attempt
was
made
upon
the
account
of
a
piece
of
Land
,
near
the
City
of
Edenburg
,
called
by
the
Scots
,
Malvil
:
The
Owner
of
the
Land
,
together
with
his
Father-in-Law
,
and
others
that
were
best
able
to
perswade
him
,
were
sent
for
,
and
the
Queen
dealt
with
the
present
Possessor
to
part
with
his
Inheritance
;
and
she
desired
his
Father-in-Law
and
Friends
to
perswade
him
to
it
:
But
this
matter
not
meeting
with
the
desired
success
,
the
Queen
took
the
repulse
as
a
great
Affront
to
her
,
and
which
was
worse
,
David
took
it
very
hainously
also
.
These
things
being
known
abroad
,
the
Commonalty
began
to
bewail
the
sad
state
of
Affairs
,
and
expected
that
things
would
grow
worse
,
if
Men
,
eminent
for
their
Families
,
Estates
,
and
Credit
,
should
be
outed
of
their
ancient
Patrimony
,
to
gratifie
the
Lust
of
a
beggerly
Varlet
.
Yea
,
many
of
the
Elder
sort
called
to
mind
,
and
told
others
of
the
time
,
when
Cockburn
wickedly
slew
the
Kings
Brother
,
and
of
a
Stone-cutter
,
was
made
Earl
of
Marr
,
which
raised
up
such
a
flame
of
a
Civil
War
that
could
not
be
extinguished
but
by
the
Death
of
the
King
,
and
almost
the
Destruction
of
the
Kingdom
.
These
things
were
spoken
openly
,
but
Men
did
privately
mutter
much
worse
;
yet
the
King
would
never
be
perswaded
to
believe
it
,
unless
he
saw
it
with
his
own
Eyes
;
so
that
one
time
hearing
,
that
David
was
gone
into
the
Queen's
Bed-Chamber
,
he
came
to
a
little
Door
,
of
which
he
always
carried
the
Key
about
him
,
and
found
it
Bolted
on
the
inside
,
which
it
never
used
to
be
:
whereupon
he
knocked
,
but
no
body
answered
,
and
so
he
was
forced
to
go
his
ways
,
but
conceived
great
Wrath
and
Indignation
in
his
Heart
that
he
could
not
sleep
that
Night
.
From
that
time
forward
he
consulted
with
some
of
his
Servants
,
(
for
he
durst
trust
but
a
very
few
,
many
of
them
having
been
corrupted
by
the
Queen
,
and
put
upon
him
rather
as
Spies
over
his
Actions
,
than
Attendants
upon
his
Person
)
how
to
rid
David
out
of
the
way
:
His
design
they
approved
of
,
but
to
find
out
a
probable
way
to
effect
it
was
the
difficulty
.
When
that
Consultation
had
been
managed
for
some
days
,
others
of
his
Servants
,
who
were
not
privy
to
the
Design
,
suspecting
the
matter
,
and
there
being
evident
signs
of
it
,
went
and
acquainted
the
Queen
therewith
,
and
withall
told
her
,
that
they
would
bring
her
to
the
place
where
they
were
,
and
they
were
as
good
as
their
words
.
For
to
that
end
they
observed
and
watcht
the
opportunity
,
when
others
were
shut
out
,
and
the
King
had
only
his
Confidents
about
him
,
and
ordered
it
so
,
that
the
Queen
,
as
if
passing
through
his
Chamber
to
her
own
,
surprized
him
with
her
Partizans
:
whereupon
she
inveighed
bitterly
against
him
,
and
highly
threatned
his
Domesticks
,
telling
them
all
their
Plots
were
in
vain
,
for
she
knew
all
their
Minds
and
Actions
,
and
would
remedy
them
well
enough
in
due
time
.
Things
being
brought
to
this
desperate
pass
,
the
King
thought
fit
to
acquaint
his
Father
,
the
Earl
of
Lennox
,
with
his
sad
Condition
;
and
after
some
Conference
,
they
both
concluded
,
that
the
only
remedy
for
the
present
Malady
,
was
to
reconcile
that
part
of
the
Nobility
which
were
present
,
and
to
recal
those
that
were
absent
.
But
great
expedition
was
required
in
the
thing
,
because
the
day
was
near
at
hand
,
wherein
the
Queen
had
resolved
to
Condemn
the
Nobles
that
were
absent
,
having
appointed
a
Convention
of
the
States
for
that
purpose
,
against
the
Wills
of
the
English
and
French
Ambassadors
,
who
interceeded
in
the
case
;
for
they
well
knew
that
the
accused
had
not
committed
such
heinous
Offences
,
and
besides
,
foresaw
the
danger
that
would
ensue
thereupon
.
About
the
same
time
did
Queen
Elizabeth
send
her
a
very
obliging
and
long
Letter
,
full
of
good
Advice
in
reference
to
the
present
State
of
her
Kingdom
,
and
endeavouring
to
reduce
her
from
a
wrathful
to
a
reconcileable
Temper
.
The
Queen
coming
to
understand
that
the
Nobility
knew
that
such
Letters
were
come
,
and
that
they
guessed
at
the
Contents
of
them
,
she
counterfeited
a
civiller
respect
to
them
than
ordinary
,
and
began
to
read
the
Letters
in
the
presence
of
many
of
them
.
But
when
she
was
got
about
the
middle
,
David
stood
up
,
and
bid
her
,
Read
no
more
,
she
had
read
enough
,
she
should
stop
;
which
strange
carriage
of
his
seemed
to
them
rather
Arrogant
than
New
,
for
they
knew
how
imperiously
he
had
carried
it
towards
her
heretofore
,
yea
,
and
sometimes
how
he
would
reprove
her
more
sharply
than
ever
her
own
Husband
durst
do
.
At
that
time
the
Cause
of
the
Banished
Lords
was
hotly
agitated
in
the
Parliament
House
;
some
to
gratifie
the
Queen's
Humour
would
have
the
punishment
due
to
Traytors
past
upon
them
;
others
stiffly
contended
,
that
they
had
done
nothing
worthy
to
be
so
severely
used
▪
But
David
in
the
mean
time
went
about
to
all
of
them
,
one
by
one
,
to
feel
their
Pulses
,
what
every
Man's
Vote
would
be
concerning
the
Exiles
,
if
he
was
chosen
President
by
the
rest
of
the
Convention
;
And
he
told
them
plainly
,
the
Queen
was
resolved
to
have
them
Condemned
,
that
it
was
in
vain
for
any
of
them
to
struggle
against
it
,
and
besides
,
who
ever
did
,
should
be
sure
to
incu●
the
Queen's
Displeasure
thereby
.
His
aim
herein
was
partly
to
confound
the
weaker
Minds
betwixt
hope
and
fear
,
and
partly
to
exclude
the
most
resolute
out
of
the
number
of
the
Judges
Select
,
or
Lords
of
the
Articles
,
or
at
least
that
the
major
part
might
be
of
such
a
Gizzard
as
to
please
the
Queen
;
and
this
audacious
procedure
and
wickedness
in
so
mean
a
Fellow
,
was
feared
by
some
and
hated
by
all
.
Whereupon
the
King
,
by
his
Father's
Advice
,
sent
to
James
Douglas
and
Patrick
Lindsey
,
his
Kinsmen
,
the
one
by
the
Father
,
and
the
other
by
the
Mothers
side
,
who
advise
with
Patrick
Ruven
,
an
able
man
both
for
Advice
and
Execution
,
but
he
was
brought
so
low
with
long
Sickness
,
that
for
some
months
he
could
not
get
out
of
his
Bed
.
However
they
were
willing
to
trust
him
,
amongst
some
few
more
,
in
a
matter
of
so
great
a
Concernment
,
both
by
reason
of
his
great
Prudence
,
as
also
because
his
Children
were
Cousin-Germans
to
the
King
.
But
here
the
King
was
told
by
them
,
what
a
great
Error
he
had
committed
before
in
suffering
his
Kinsmen
and
Friends
to
be
driven
from
Court
,
in
favour
of
such
a
base
Rascal
as
Rizzio
;
yea
,
that
he
himself
did
in
effect
thrust
them
out
of
the
Court
with
his
own
Hands
,
and
so
had
advanced
such
a
contemptible
Mushroom
,
so
as
that
now
he
himself
was
abashed
and
despised
of
him
.
They
had
also
much
other
discourse
concerning
the
State
of
the
publick
,
and
the
King
was
quickly
brought
to
acknowledge
his
Fault
,
and
to
promise
,
to
act
nothing
for
the
future
without
the
Consent
of
the
Nobility
.
But
those
wise
and
experienc'd
Counsellors
thought
it
not
safe
to
trust
the
verbal
promises
of
an
uxorious
young
man
,
as
believing
that
he
might
be
prevailed
upon
in
time
by
his
Wife
,
to
deny
this
Capitulation
,
to
their
certain
Ruin
,
and
therefore
they
thought
it
adviseable
,
to
draw
up
the
Heads
of
their
Agreement
in
Writing
,
to
which
he
willingly
and
forwardly
subscribed
:
The
substance
whereof
was
,
That
Religion
should
be
established
as
it
was
provided
for
at
the
Queen's
return
into
Scotland
;
That
the
Persons
lately
Banish'd
should
be
Recall'd
,
because
their
Country
could
not
well
want
their
Service
;
and
that
David
must
be
destroy'd
,
for
as
long
as
he
was
alive
the
King
could
not
maintain
his
Dignity
,
nor
the
Nobility
live
in
Safety
;
having
all
set
their
Hands
to
this
Schedule
,
wherein
the
King
professed
himself
the
Author
of
the
Homicide
;
they
presently
resolved
to
attempt
the
Fact
,
both
to
prevent
the
Condemnation
of
the
Nobility
that
were
absent
,
as
also
lest
delay
might
give
an
opportunity
to
discover
the
design
;
and
therefore
,
when
the
Queen
was
at
Supper
one
evening
,
the
Earl
of
Argyle's
Wife
,
and
David
,
sitting
with
her
,
and
that
in
a
narrow
private
room
,
and
that
there
were
but
a
few
Attendants
about
them
,
for
the
place
would
not
hold
many
,
James
Douglas
Earl
of
Morton
,
with
a
great
number
of
his
Friends
,
were
walking
in
an
outward
Chamber
,
their
faithful
Friends
and
Vassals
were
commanded
to
stay
below
in
the
Yard
,
to
quiet
the
Tumult
,
if
any
should
arise
:
The
King
comes
out
of
his
Chamber
,
which
was
below
the
Queen's
,
and
goes
up
to
her
by
a
narrow
pair
of
Stairs
,
which
were
open
to
none
but
himself
;
and
was
followed
by
Patrick
Ruven
armed
,
with
but
four
or
five
Companions
more
at
most
,
and
entring
into
the
Closet
where
they
were
at
Supper
,
and
the
Queen
being
somewhat
moved
at
the
unusual
appearance
of
armed
Men
,
and
also
perceiving
Ruven
in
an
uncouth
posture
,
and
meagre
by
reason
of
his
late
Illness
,
but
yet
in
his
Armour
,
asked
him
,
What
was
the
matter
,
for
the
Spectators
thought
that
his
Fever
had
disturbed
his
Head
,
and
put
him
besides
himself
;
but
they
were
soon
convinced
of
that
mistake
,
for
he
immediately
commanded
David
to
rise
and
come
out
,
for
the
place
where
he
sat
was
not
fit
for
him
:
The
Queen
presently
got
up
,
and
sought
to
defend
him
by
the
interposal
of
her
Body
,
but
the
King
took
her
in
his
Arms
,
and
bid
her
be
of
good
chear
,
they
would
do
her
no
hurt
,
only
the
Death
of
that
Villain
was
resolved
on
;
and
thereupon
they
haled
David
into
the
next
Room
,
then
into
the
outer-Room
,
and
there
those
that
waited
with
Dowglas
made
an
end
of
him
with
many
Wounds
,
which
was
against
the
Mind
of
all
those
that
Conspired
his
Death
;
for
they
had
resolved
to
Hang
him
up
publickly
,
all
knowing
it
would
have
been
a
grateful
Spectacle
to
all
the
People
.
There
was
a
constant
Report
at
that
time
,
That
one
John
Damiot
a
French
Priest
,
counted
a
Conjurer
,
told
David
once
or
twice
,
that
now
he
had
feathered
his
Nest
,
it
was
time
for
him
to
be
gone
,
and
withdraw
himself
from
the
Envy
of
the
Nobles
,
who
would
at
length
prove
too
hard
for
him
,
and
that
he
should
make
answer
,
The
Scots
were
greater
Threatners
than
Fighters
:
He
was
also
warned
a
little
before
his
Death
,
That
he
should
take
heed
of
a
Bastard
,
to
which
he
replied
,
That
as
long
as
he
lived
,
no
Bastard
should
have
so
much
Power
in
Scotland
,
as
that
he
had
need
to
be
afraid
of
him
;
for
he
thought
his
Danger
was
predicted
from
the
Earl
of
Murray
,
the
Queen
's
Natural
Brother
;
but
the
Prophecy
was
either
fulfilled
or
eluded
,
by
George
Dowglass's
giving
him
the
first
Blow
,
who
was
a
base
begotten
Son
of
the
Earl
of
Angus
;
after
he
had
began
,
then
every
one
rushed
in
to
strike
him
,
either
to
Revenge
their
own
particular
Grief
,
or
the
publick
Concern
.
This
was
the
end
of
the
so
highly
honoured
David
Rizzio
,
whose
Original
and
Profession
we
have
given
you
an
account
of
before
,
and
to
which
last
,
with
some
other
of
the
now
recited
passages
,
no
doubt
of
it
,
Henry
IV.
of
France
afterwards
alluded
,
when
one
in
his
presence
,
taking
occasion
to
extol
the
Wisdom
of
King
James
,
and
calling
him
by
the
Name
of
Salomon
,
he
said
,
Well
he
might
be
termed
so
,
seeing
he
was
the
Son
of
David
the
Fidler
.
David
was
no
sooner
killed
,
but
a
tumult
arose
all
the
House
over
,
for
the
Earls
of
Huntley
,
Athol
,
and
Bothwell
,
who
were
together
at
Supper
in
another
part
of
the
Palace
,
were
rushing
out
,
but
they
were
kept
within
their
Chamber
by
those
who
guarded
the
Courts
below
,
and
had
no
harm
done
them
:
When
Ruven
,
(
who
you
see
,
was
a
prime
Manager
of
this
Affair
,
and
who
did
as
it
were
give
David
his
Death's
Wound
,
by
commanding
of
him
out
of
the
Queen's
Presence
as
aforesaid
)
went
out
of
that
Privy-Room
into
the
Queen's
Bed
Chamber
,
where
not
being
able
to
stand
,
because
of
his
Weakness
,
he
sat
down
and
called
for
something
to
Drink
;
whereupon
the
Queen
fell
upon
him
with
such
Words
,
as
her
present
grief
and
fury
suggested
to
her
,
calling
him
a
Perfidious
Traytor
,
asking
him
,
How
he
durst
be
so
Impudent
as
to
be
in
her
Presence
,
sitting
,
whereas
she
her self
stood
;
this
he
excused
,
as
not
done
out
of
any
Contempt
or
want
of
the
Sense
of
his
Duty
,
but
out
of
the
weakness
of
his
Body
;
but
gravely
and
wisely
advised
her
,
that
in
managing
the
Affairs
of
the
Kingdom
,
she
would
rather
Consult
the
Nobility
,
who
had
a
concern
in
the
publick
,
than
Vagrant
Rascals
,
who
could
give
no
pledge
of
their
Fidelity
,
and
who
had
nothing
to
hazard
,
either
in
Estate
or
Credit
;
neither
was
the
Fact
then
committed
without
a
President
;
that
Scotland
was
a
Kingdom
bounded
by
Laws
,
and
was
never
wont
to
be
govern'd
by
the
Will
and
Pleasure
of
any
one
Man
,
but
by
the
Regulation
of
the
Law
,
and
Consent
of
the
Nobility
;
and
if
any
former
King
had
done
otherwise
,
't
is
certain
he
had
smarted
severely
for
it
:
Neither
were
the
Scots
at
this
day
so
far
degenerated
from
their
Ancestors
,
as
to
bear
not
only
the
Government
,
but
even
the
Servitude
of
a
Stranger
,
who
was
scarce
worthy
to
be
their
Slave
:
This
Speech
did
enrage
the
Queen
more
than
before
;
whereupon
the
company
departed
,
having
placed
Guards
in
all
convenient
places
for
fear
any
Tumults
should
arise
.
In
the
mean
time
what
was
transacted
flew
all
over
the
Town
,
and
as
every
ones
Disposition
was
,
right
or
wrong
,
they
took
Arms
,
and
away
they
went
to
the
Palace
,
where
the
King
shewed
himself
unto
them
out
of
a
Window
,
and
told
the
multitude
,
That
he
and
the
Queen
were
safe
,
and
that
there
was
no
cause
for
their
Tumultuous
Assembly
;
for
what
was
done
,
was
done
by
his
Order
,
and
what
that
was
should
be
known
in
due
time
,
and
therefore
at
present
every
one
should
go
to
his
own
House
;
upon
which
command
they
withdrew
,
except
some
few
that
staid
to
keep
Guard
.
Next
morning
,
the
Nobles
that
returned
from
England
,
taking
the
opportunity
,
offered
to
come
to
their
Trial
in
the
Town-Hall
,
being
ready
to
plead
their
Cause
,
for
that
was
the
day
appointed
,
but
none
appearing
against
them
,
they
openly
protested
it
was
not
their
Fault
,
for
they
were
ready
to
submit
to
a
Legal
Trial
,
and
so
every
one
returned
to
his
own
Lodgings
.
The
Queen
,
under
these
Perplexities
,
sent
for
her
Brother
Murray
,
and
after
a
long
Conference
,
gave
him
hopes
that
she
would
for
ever
after
commit
her self
to
her
Nobles
;
hereupon
the
Guards
were
slackened
,
tho'
many
thought
that
her
Clemency
did
presage
no
good
to
the
publick
,
for
she
gathered
together
the
Soldiers
of
her
old
Guard
,
and
went
through
a
back
Gate
by
night
,
with
George
Seaton
,
who
attended
upon
her
with
800
Horse
,
first
to
his
own
Castle
,
then
to
Dumbar
:
She
also
carried
the
King
along
with
her
,
who
for
fear
of
his
Life
,
was
forced
to
Obey
.
When
she
came
thither
,
she
hastned
to
gather
Forces
together
,
and
pretending
a
Reconciliation
with
those
that
were
lately
returned
from
Banishment
,
she
turned
her
fury
upon
the
Slayers
of
David
,
and
put
out
a
severe
Proclamation
against
them
;
many
of
them
that
were
accused
were
Banished
,
some
to
one
place
and
some
to
another
;
some
were
Fined
,
but
they
that
were
most
Innocent
,
and
therefore
thought
themselves
most
secure
,
were
put
to
Death
;
but
the
principal
Contrivers
of
the
Fact
were
fled
,
some
to
England
,
and
others
to
the
Highlands
▪
And
such
as
were
least
suspected
to
have
an
hand
in
it
,
were
dispossest
of
their
Offices
and
Imployments
,
and
their
Enemies
put
into
their
Places
▪
and
to
colour
her
rigorous
Proceedings
against
the
rest
,
a
Proclamation
was
made
by
an
Herauld
,
in
such
a
publick
sorrow
,
not
without
Laughter
,
that
no
man
should
say
,
the
King
had
any
hand
in
,
or
was
privy
to
David's
Slaughter
;
but
what
was
stranger
than
all
the
rest
,
was
,
That
she
caused
David's
Body
,
which
was
Buried
before
the
Door
of
a
Neighbour
Church
,
to
be
removed
in
the
night
,
and
placed
in
the
Sepulchre
of
the
late
King
and
his
Children
;
which
gave
occasion
to
ill-favoured
Reports
for
the
blemishing
of
her
Honour
;
for
what
greater
Confession
of
Adultery
with
him
could
she
well
make
,
than
as
far
as
she
was
able
,
to
equal
such
an
obscure
Fellow
,
who
was
neither
well
brought
up
,
nor
had
deserved
well
of
the
publick
,
in
his
last
Funerals
,
with
her
Father
and
Brothers
?
And
to
increase
the
Indignity
of
the
thing
,
she
put
the
Varlet
almost
in
the
Arms
of
Magdalen
de
Valois
,
the
late
Queen
:
As
for
her
Husband
,
she
threatned
him
,
and
obliquely
in
her
Discourses
scoff'd
at
him
,
doing
her
utmost
endeavour
to
take
away
all
Power
from
him
,
and
to
render
him
as
contemptible
as
she
could
:
But
the
time
of
her
Delivery
now
drawing
nigh
,
she
was
Reconciled
to
the
Earls
of
Murray
and
Argyle
,
and
retir'd
to
Edinburg-Castle
,
where
on
the
19th
day
of
June
1566.
a
little
after
9
in
the
morning
,
she
was
brought
to
Bed
of
a
Son
,
afterward
called
James
the
Sixth
of
Scotland
,
and
the
First
of
Great
Britain
.
After
her
Delivery
she
received
all
other
Visitants
with
kindness
enough
,
suitable
to
the
occasion
of
a
publick
Joy
,
but
her
Husband
,
to
whom
she
should
have
been
most
kind
but
his
presence
was
disdained
,
and
his
company
unacceptable
.
And
now
the
Earl
of
Bothwell
is
the
Man
,
't
is
he
that
managed
all
Affairs
,
and
the
Queen
was
so
inclined
to
him
,
that
she
would
have
it
understood
,
no
suit
would
be
obtain'd
from
her
but
by
his
Mediation
;
and
as
if
she
were
afraid
her
favour
to
him
were
but
mean
,
and
not
sufficiently
known
,
she
took
on
a
certain
day
one
or
two
with
her
,
and
went
down
to
the
Haven
called
New-Haven
,
and
her
Attendance
not
knowing
whether
she
intended
,
she
went
a-board
a
small
Vessel
,
prepared
there
for
her
,
by
some
of
Bothwell's
Creatures
,
who
were
Pyrates
of
known
Rapacy
▪
with
this
Guard
of
Robbers
,
she
ventured
to
Sea
,
to
the
Admiration
of
all
good
Men
,
taking
none
of
her
honest
Servants
along
with
her
,
and
Landed
at
All●way
,
a
Castle
of
the
Earl
of
Mar's
,
where
she
demoan'd
her self
for
some
time
,
(
saith
Buchan●n
)
as
if
she
had
forgot
not
only
the
Dignity
of
a
Queen
,
but
even
the
Modesty
of
a
Matron
;
but
these
Joys
will
one
Day
turn
sharp
and
sower
.
The
Poor
King
when
he
heard
of
her
Departure
,
followed
her
by
Land
as
fast
as
he
could
,
his
Designs
and
Hopes
,
being
to
be
with
her
,
and
so
enjoy
Conjugal
Society
,
as
Man
and
Wife
;
but
●e
▪
as
an
importunate
disturber
of
her
Pleasures
,
was
bid
to
go
back
from
whence
he
came
,
and
had
hardly
time
allowed
him
for
his
Servants
to
refresh
themselves
.
A
few
Days
after
,
when
she
returned
to
Edenburgh
,
she
would
not
go
into
her
own
Pallace
,
but
took
up
her
Lodgings
,
where
the
Annual
Convention
called
the
Exchequer
Court
was
then
held
;
for
it
seems
David
Chalmers
▪
a
Creature
of
Bothwell's
,
had
a
House
near
it
,
whose
back
Door
was
Contiguous
to
the
Queen's
Garden
,
through
which
Bothwell
might
pass
in
and
out
to
her
at
his
pleasure
;
and
the
King
in
the
mean
time
,
finding
no
place
for
favour
,
and
being
tired
with
impeads
,
retired
after
her
in
discontent
;
a
while
after
,
the
Queen
went
to
Jedburgh
,
to
hold
a
Convention
,
and
Bothwell
in
some
time
to
Liddisdail
,
where
he
was
wounded
by
a
High-way-Pad
,
and
so
was
carryed
to
Hermitage
Castle
,
in
great
danger
of
his
Life
;
but
when
the
News
was
brought
thereof
to
the
Queen
,
then
at
Barthwick
,
thô
the
Winter
was
very
sharp
,
yet
she
flew
in
hast
,
first
to
Malrose
,
then
to
Jedburgh
,
and
thô
she
received
certain
Intelligence
there
,
that
Bothwell
was
alive
,
yet
being
impatient
of
any
delay
▪
and
not
able
to
forbear
,
tho'
in
such
a
bad
time
of
the
Year
,
notwithstanding
the
Difficulty
of
the
way
,
and
the
Danger
of
Robbery
,
she
put
her self
on
her
Journey
,
with
such
an
Attendance
,
as
hardly
any
honest
Man
,
tho'
he
were
but
of
a
mean
Condition
,
would
trust
his
Life
and
Fortune
to
.
From
thence
she
returned
again
to
Jedburg
,
and
made
great
and
diligent
Preparation
,
that
Bothwell
should
be
brought
thither
;
but
here
it
was
that
she
fell
into
a
sore
and
most
dangerous
Sickness
,
so
as
no
body
expected
she
would
have
lived
;
but
she
recovered
it
,
being
designed
for
a
worse
Fate
;
when
the
King
heard
of
her
Illness
,
he
posted
to
Jedburgh
,
both
to
give
her
a
Visit
,
and
to
testifie
his
observance
,
by
all
the
good
Offices
he
could
do
;
and
also
to
incline
her
to
a
better
course
of
Life
,
hoping
she
might
now
repent
for
what
she
had
done
,
as
Persons
in
great
danger
are
wont
to
do
.
But
she
on
the
contrary
,
gave
him
not
the
least
Sign
of
a
reconciled
Mind
,
but
gave
a
Charge
,
that
no
body
should
rise
up
nor
Salute
him
,
as
he
came
in
,
or
to
give
him
any
Entertainment
so
much
as
for
one
Night
;
but
at
the
same
time
suspecting
the
Disposition
of
the
Earl
of
Murray
,
as
courteous
and
civil
,
tampered
with
his
Wife
,
to
make
hast
now
to
fain
her self
Sick
,
and
go
immediatly
to
Bed
;
that
so
under
colour
of
that
Sickness
,
the
King
might
be
excluded
from
thence
;
yea
,
she
made
it
her
business
to
enforce
him
to
be
gone
,
for
want
of
Lodging
,
which
he
had
plainly
been
necessitated
to
do
,
had
it
not
been
for
one
of
the
Family
of
the
Humes
,
who
for
very
shame
pretended
a
sudden
cause
for
his
departure
,
and
so
left
his
Lodgings
free
for
the
King
next
Day
:
in
the
Morning
,
he
was
commanded
away
from
thence
to
Sterlin
again
,
which
Order
for
his
return
,
was
the
more
reflected
on
,
because
at
the
very
same
time
Bothwell
was
carryed
out
of
the
place
where
be
Lodged
,
to
the
Queen's
Lodging
,
in
the
Face
of
all
the
People
;
and
tho'
neither
of
them
were
well
recovered
,
she
from
her
Sickness
,
and
he
from
his
Wounds
,
yet
they
Journeyed
,
first
to
Kels●
,
then
to
Coldingham
,
and
next
to
Cragmillen
,
not
caring
for
the
Reports
,
that
were
spread
of
them
by
the
way
;
and
't
was
observed
,
that
the
Queen
in
all
her
Discourse
,
professed
,
that
she
could
never
live
,
unless
she
were
Divorced
from
the
King
,
and
ever
and
anon
said
,
a
Divorce
might
easily
be
obtained
,
if
the
Popes
Bull
were
recalled
;
whereby
leave
was
given
them
to
Contract
the
Marriage
against
the
Papal
Laws
:
but
seeing
this
matter
was
not
like
to
succeed
,
as
she
expected
,
she
left
of
other
Methods
,
and
applyed
her
Mind
wholly
to
his
Murder
.
And
as
a
Manifestation
of
her
Affections
to
Bothwell
,
and
her
Hatred
to
her
Husband
,
when
a
little
before
Winter
,
the
Ambassadors
of
England
and
France
,
came
to
be
Witnesses
at
the
Baptism
of
the
Prince
;
she
strove
both
by
pecuniary
and
all
other
industrious
ways
,
that
Bothwell
should
appear
the
most
magnificent
of
any
among
all
her
Subjects
and
Guests
at
the
Entertainment
;
whereas
her
Lawful
Husband
at
the
Baptism
,
was
not
allowed
necessaries
;
yea
,
was
forbid
to
come
in
sight
of
the
Ambassadors
;
his
Servants
also
appointed
for
his
Daily
Attendants
,
were
taken
from
him
,
and
the
Nobility
forbid
to
pay
any
observance
to
him
;
But
in
her
present
carriage
,
and
comportment
in
times
past
,
by
how
much
the
more
implacable
she
was
towards
him
,
by
so
much
the
more
did
the
People
pity
him
,
by
seeing
a
Young
and
an
harmless
Gentleman
thus
reproachfully
used
,
and
yet
not
only
to
bear
it
patiently
,
but
even
to
endeavour
to
appease
her
Rage
by
the
Servilest
Offices
he
could
perform
,
that
so
he
might
gain
some
Degree
in
her
Favour
.
As
for
his
Apparel
and
Dress
,
she
threw
the
Fault
upon
the
Embroiderers
,
Goldsmiths
,
and
other
Tradesmen
,
tho'
it
was
but
a
false
shamless
pretence
;
For
it
,
was
well
known
to
every
body
,
it
was
her
doings
.
Whereas
for
Bothwell's
Ornament
,
she
wrought
many
of
them
with
her
own
Hands
;
besides
the
Foreign
Ambassadors
were
advised
,
not
to
enter
into
any
Conference
with
the
King
,
tho'
they
were
in
the
same
Castle
together
,
for
the
most
part
of
the
Day
.
The
young
Gentleman
being
thus
uncourteously
used
,
exposed
to
the
scorn
of
all
,
and
his
Rival
honoured
before
his
Face
,
resolved
to
retire
to
his
Father
to
Glasgow
,
who
as
some
conceived
,
had
sent
for
him
;
and
that
nothing
might
be
wanting
on
the
Queen's
part
to
shew
her
accustomed
Hatred
at
his
departure
,
She
took
away
all
the
silver
Plate
which
he
had
used
ever
since
he
was
Married
,
and
put
Pewter
in
their
stead
;
besides
,
she
gave
him
Poison
before
his
departure
,
that
so
the
Evil
might
be
more
secret
,
if
he
died
when
absent
from
the
Court
;
but
the
Poison
wrought
sooner
than
those
who
gave
it
supposed
it
would
;
for
he
had
scarce
been
gone
a
mile
from
Sterling
,
when
such
a
grievous
Pain
took
him
all
over
his
Body
,
that
it
was
very
apparent
,
his
Disease
was
not
usual
,
but
fraudulently
design'd
;
but
he
no
sooner
came
to
Glasgow
,
but
that
the
mischief
did
manifestly
discover
it self
,
for
there
arose
blue
Pustules
all
over
his
Body
,
with
so
much
Pain
and
Torment
,
that
there
was
little
hope
of
his
Life
;
and
when
James
Abernethy
,
an
able
,
faithful
,
and
experienced
Physician
,
was
consulted
about
his
Distemper
,
he
made
present
answer
,
that
he
had
taken
Poison
:
Hereupon
he
sent
for
the
Queen
's
Domestick
Physician
,
but
the
Queen
would
not
suffer
him
to
go
,
fearing
lest
his
Skill
might
Cure
him
,
and
she
was
not
also
willing
that
many
should
know
of
his
being
Poisoned
.
When
the
Ceremonies
of
the
Baptism
were
over
,
and
the
Company
by
degrees
gone
home
,
the
Queen
was
private
with
Bothwell
,
and
scarce
any
other
company
at
Drummond
and
Tullibardin
,
a
Nobleman's
House
,
where
she
spent
some
days
about
the
beginning
of
January
,
and
so
returned
to
Sterling
,
and
pretended
daily
to
go
to
Glasgow
,
but
at
the
same
time
expected
to
hear
every
Minute
of
the
Kings
Death
;
and
to
prevent
the
worst
,
she
resolved
to
have
her
Son
in
her
own
Power
,
and
that
her
design
might
occasion
no
suspicion
,
they
began
to
find
fault
that
the
House
wherein
he
was
kept
was
inconvenient
;
that
in
such
a
moist
and
cold
place
he
might
be
subject
to
Rheums
;
but
the
true
cause
of
his
removal
was
far
otherwise
:
for
't
was
very
plain
,
that
the
place
whither
he
was
carried
,
was
far
more
obnoxious
upon
the
aforesaid
account
,
by
being
scituated
in
a
low
marshy
Ground
,
having
a
Mountain
betwixt
it
and
the
Sun
.
rising
;
whereupon
the
Child
,
scarce
seven
months
old
,
was
brought
in
a
very
sharp
Winter
to
Edenburg
;
but
when
she
there
heard
,
that
the
King
was
recovered
,
as
having
overcome
the
Poison
by
the
vigour
of
his
Youth
,
and
strength
of
his
Natural
Constitution
,
she
renewed
her
Plot
to
destroy
him
,
acquainting
also
some
of
the
Nobility
therewith
.
In
the
mean
time
News
was
brought
her
that
the
King
designed
to
fly
into
France
or
Spain
,
and
that
he
had
spoke
about
it
to
the
Master
of
an
English
Vessel
which
was
then
in
the
Frith
of
Clyde
:
Hereupon
,
some
thought
that
an
opportunity
was
offerred
her
to
send
for
him
,
and
if
he
refused
to
come
,
to
kill
him
out
of
the
way
;
yea
,
some
offerred
to
be
her
Agents
in
the
thing
,
and
all
of
them
advised
that
the
Fact
should
be
privately
committed
,
and
that
it
should
be
hastened
before
he
was
perfectly
recovered
of
his
Illness
.
The
Queen
having
already
gotten
her
Son
into
her
Possession
,
that
she
might
also
have
her
Husband
in
her
Power
,
though
not
as
yet
agreed
in
the
design
how
he
should
be
made
away
,
resolved
to
go
to
Glasgow
,
having
,
as
she
imagined
,
sufficiently
cleared
her self
from
his
former
suspicions
,
by
many
kind
Letters
she
had
lately
sent
him
;
but
her
Words
and
Deeds
were
not
both
of
a
piece
,
for
she
took
almost
none
with
her
in
her
Retinue
but
the
Hamilton's
,
and
other
Hereditary
Enemies
of
the
King
.
In
the
mean
time
she
commits
to
Bothwell's
Care
to
do
what
was
Contributary
to
the
Design
at
Edenburg
,
for
that
place
seemed
most
convenient
for
them
to
act
this
Hellish
Tragedy
,
and
also
to
conceal
the
Fact
when
't
was
perpetrated
.
For
there
being
a
great
Assembly
of
the
Nobles
,
the
suspicion
might
be
put
off
from
one
to
another
,
and
so
divided
between
many
.
And
now
when
the
Queen
had
tried
all
the
ways
she
could
to
dissemble
her
Hatred
,
at
last
by
many
Chidings
,
Complaints
and
Lamentations
,
she
could
yet
scarce
make
him
believe
,
that
she
was
reconciled
to
him
;
but
comply
he
does
,
and
so
,
though
hardly
yet
recovered
from
his
Sickness
,
was
brought
in
a
Litter
to
Edenburg
,
to
the
fatal
place
designed
for
his
Murther
,
which
Bothwell
,
in
the
Queen's
absence
,
had
undertaken
to
provide
;
and
that
't
was
an
House
that
had
not
been
Inhabited
for
some
years
before
,
near
the
City
Walls
in
a
lonesome
solitary
place
,
beneath
the
Ruins
of
two
Churches
,
where
no
clamour
or
out-cry
could
be
heard
,
thither
he
was
thrust
with
a
few
Attendants
only
:
for
the
most
of
them
(
being
such
as
the
Queen
had
put
upon
him
,
rather
as
Spies
than
Servants
)
were
departed
,
as
foreknowing
the
approaching
danger
;
and
those
that
remained
could
not
get
the
Keys
of
the
Door
from
the
Harbingers
that
provided
the
Lodgings
.
The
Queen
amidst
all
this
Impiety
,
was
mighty
sollicitous
to
have
all
the
Suspicion
thereof
averted
from
her self
,
and
her
Dissimulation
had
proceeded
so
far
,
that
the
King
was
now
fully
perswaded
there
was
a
firm
Reconcilement
between
them
;
so
that
he
sent
Letters
to
his
Father
,
who
stayd
behind
Sick
at
Glascow
,
giving
him
great
Hopes
and
Assurance
,
that
the
Queen
was
now
sincerely
his
,
and
commemorating
her
many
good
Offices
towards
him
,
he
now
promiseth
himself
there
would
be
a
change
of
all
things
for
the
better
.
And
as
he
was
writing
these
Letters
,
the
Queen
came
in
on
a
sudden
,
and
Reading
of
them
,
she
gave
him
many
Kisses
and
kind
Embraces
,
telling
him
withal
,
that
sight
mightily
pleased
her
,
in
that
now
she
discerned
there
was
no
Cloud
of
Suspicion
hovering
over
his
Mind
.
Things
being
thus
well
secured
on
that
side
,
her
next
Care
was
to
contrive
,
as
much
as
possible
,
to
cast
this
Guilt
upon
another
;
and
therefore
she
sent
for
her
Brother
the
Earl
of
Murray
,
who
had
lately
got
leave
,
and
was
going
to
St.
Andrews
,
to
visit
his
Wife
,
who
lay
there
(
as
he
heard
,
)
dangerously
Ill
;
for
besides
the
danger
of
Child-bearing
,
she
had
Pustles
,
that
rose
all
over
her
Body
,
with
a
violent
Feaver
.
The
cause
of
her
detaining
him
she
pretended
to
be
,
that
she
might
Honourably
dismiss
the
Duke
of
Savoy's
Ambassador
,
who
came
too
late
to
the
Princess's
Baptism
;
but
tho'
this
seemed
a
very
mean
pretence
to
take
him
off
from
so
just
and
necessary
a
Duty
,
yet
he
obey'd
;
in
the
Interim
,
the
Queen
every
Day
made
her
Visits
to
the
King
,
and
reconciled
him
to
Bothwell
,
whom
she
,
by
all
means
in
the
World
,
desired
to
be
out
of
Gun-shot
,
of
any
the
least
Suspicion
:
She
made
him
large
promises
of
her
Affections
for
the
future
,
which
over
Officious-carriage
,
thô
suspected
by
all
,
yet
no
Man
was
so
bold
as
to
advise
the
King
of
his
danger
,
in
regard
he
was
wont
to
tell
the
Queen
all
that
he
heard
,
to
Insinuate
himself
the
more
into
her
favour
;
only
Robert
the
Queen's
Brother
,
moved
either
with
the
Horridness
of
the
Fact
,
or
with
pity
to
the
Young
Gentleman
,
took
the
Boldness
to
acquaint
him
of
his
Wives
plot
against
him
,
but
on
this
Condition
,
that
he
would
keep
it
to
himself
,
and
provide
for
his
own
safety
,
the
best
he
could
.
But
the
King
did
for
all
that
reveal
it
to
the
Queen
,
according
to
his
Custom
,
whereupon
Robert
was
sent
for
,
but
he
stoutly
deny'd
it
,
so
that
they
gave
one
another
the
Lie
,
and
were
laying
their
Hands
on
their
Swords
;
now
the
Queen
was
glad
to
see
,
that
her
Designs
were
likely
to
have
so
good
a
Conclusion
,
and
therefore
she
calls
for
her
Brother
James
,
as
if
he
were
to
decide
the
Controversie
,
but
the
Truth
was
,
that
he
also
upon
that
Accusation
,
might
be
cut
off
▪
there
was
no
body
else
present
but
Bothwell
,
who
was
so
far
from
keeping
of
them
from
going
together
by
the
Ears
,
that
he
would
rather
have
killed
him
,
that
had
the
worst
of
the
Combat
,
as
plainly
appear●d
by
his
saying
,
there
was
no
reason
James
should
be
sent
for
,
in
such
hast
,
to
keep
those
from
Duelling
,
who
,
whatsoever
they
pretended
,
had
no
such
inclination
to
it
.
When
this
stirr
was
quieted
,
the
Queen
and
Bothwell
were
wholly
intent
,
how
to
perpetrate
the
Murder
,
and
how
to
do
it
too
,
with
all
imaginary
Secrecy
,
and
that
the
Queen
might
dissemble
both
Love
to
her
Husband
,
and
a
forgiveness
of
all
old
Offences
,
she
caused
her
Bed
to
be
brought
from
the
Palace
,
into
a
Chamber
below
that
of
the
Kings
,
where
she
lay
after
she
had
sate
up
late
with
him
in
Discourse
,
for
some
Nights
.
In
the
mean
time
,
she
devizes
all
manner
of
ways
to
cast
the
Odium
of
the
Fact
,
when
committed
,
upon
her
Brother
James
,
and
the
Earl
of
Morton
;
for
she
conceived
,
if
those
two
,
whose
Esteem
and
Authority
she
most
feared
and
hated
,
were
taken
out
of
the
way
,
all
other
things
would
fall
in
o●
themselves
;
she
was
also
invited
thereunto
by
Letters
from
the
Pope
,
and
Charles
Cardinal
of
Lorrain
for
the
Summer
before
,
having
by
her
Unkle
desired
a
Sum
of
Money
of
the
Pope
,
for
Levying
an
Army
to
disturb
the
State
of
Religion
in
Britain
;
and
the
Pope
more
cunningly
,
but
the
Cardinal
more
plainly
,
had
advised
her
to
destroy
those
who
were
the
greatest
hindrances
to
the
Restitution
of
Popery
,
and
especially
those
two
Earls
by
Name
,
i●
they
were
not
taken
off
▪
They
promised
a
Mass
of
Money
for
the
War
,
but
the
Queen
thinking
some
i●ckling
hereof
had
come
to
the
Ears
of
the
Nobility
,
did
therefore
,
to
clear
her self
from
any
suspicion
,
or
the
least
inclination
to
such
a
thing
,
shew
them
the
Letters
;
but
these
Villanous
Designs
so
subtily
laid
,
as
they
thought
,
were
somewhat
disturb'd
by
frequent
Messuages
from
the
Earl
of
M●rray's
Wife
,
how
that
she
had
miscarry'd
,
and
that
there
were
but
small
hopes
of
her
Life
.
This
Message
was
brought
to
the
Earl
on
the
Lords-day
,
as
he
was
going
to
Church
,
whereupon
he
returned
back
to
the
Queen
,
and
desired
leave
of
her
to
be
gone
,
but
she
very
much
urged
him
to
stay
one
day
longer
,
to
hear
certainer
News
,
alledging
,
that
if
he
made
never
so
much
hast
,
his
coming
would
do
her
no
good
;
but
if
her
Distemper
did
abate
,
to
morrow
would
be
time
enough
;
but
the
Earl
was
fully
bent
on
his
Journey
,
and
went
his
way
.
Now
the
Queen
had
deferred
the
Murder
till
that
night
,
and
would
seem
then
to
be
so
jo●und
and
dissolute
,
as
to
Celebrate
the
Marriage
of
Sebastian
,
one
of
her
Musick
,
in
the
very
Palace
;
and
when
the
Evening
was
past
in
Mirth
and
Jollity
,
then
she
went
with
a
Numerous
Attendance
,
to
see
her
Husband
,
spent
some
Hours
with
him
,
and
was
merrier
then
formerly
,
often
kissing
him
,
and
giving
him
a
Ring
,
as
a
Token
of
her
Love
.
But
after
the
Queens
departure
,
the
King
with
the
few
Servants
that
were
about
him
,
recollecting
the
Proceedings
of
the
past
Day
,
amongst
some
comfortable
Speeches
given
him
by
the
Queen
,
he
was
much
concerned
at
the
remembrance
of
a
few
words
she
had
uttered
;
for
she
,
whether
not
able
to
contain
her
joy
arising
from
the
hopes
that
the
Murder
would
now
be
perpetrated
;
or
whether
it
fell
from
her
by
chance
,
cast
a
Word
,
That
David
Rizzio
was
Slain
the
last
Year
about
that
time
.
This
unseasonable
mention
of
his
Death
,
thô
none
of
them
liked
it
,
yet
because
it
was
now
late
at
Night
,
and
that
●xet
Morning
was
designed
for
sports
and
Pastimes
,
they
went
speedily
to
Bed
;
in
the
mean●time
Gun-powder
was
placed
in
the
Room
below
,
to
blow
up
the
House
,
and
all
other
things
were
craftily
and
cautiously
transacted
;
yet
in
a
small
matter
,
they
left
a
Tract
,
whereby
to
be
discovered
.
For
the
Bed
in
which
the
Queen
used
sometimes
●o
lye
,
was
taken
away
,
and
a
worse
put
in
the
room
of
it
,
as
if
,
tho'
they
were
prodigal
enough
of
their
Credit
,
yet
they
would
spare
a
little
Money
;
but
before
the
Queen
had
left
the
King
one
Paris
,
a
French-man
,
and
a
Partizan
in
the
Conspiracy
,
entred
into
the
King's
Bed-chamber
,
and
there
stood
still
,
yet
so
,
that
the
Queen
might
see
him
,
and
that
was
the
Sign
agreed
on
betwixt
them
,
that
all
things
now
were
in
a
readiness
.
The
Queen
,
as
soon
as
she
saw
Paris
,
as
if
Sebastin's
Marriage
had
come
into
her
Mind
;
she
began
to
blame
her self
,
that
she
had
been
so
negligent
,
as
not
to
Dance
that
Night
at
the
Wedding
,
as
it
was
agreed
on
,
and
to
put
the
Bride
to
Bed
,
as
the
manner
is
;
whereupon
she
presently
started
up
,
and
went
home
to
her
Palace
,
whither
when
she
came
,
she
had
a
pretty
deal
of
Discourse
with
Bothwell
,
who
being
at
length
dismist
,
went
into
his
Chamber
,
changed
his
Cloaths
,
put
on
Soldiers
Habit
,
and
with
a
few
in
his
Company
,
passed
through
the
Guards
into
the
Town
;
two
other
Parties
of
the
Conspirators
,
came
several
ways
to
the
appointed
place
,
and
a
few
of
them
entred
into
the
King's
Bed-Chamber
,
of
which
they
had
the
Keys
,
(
as
I
said
before
)
and
whilst
he
was
fast
asleep
,
they
took
him
by
the
Throat
,
and
Strangled
him
,
and
one
also
of
his
Servants
who
lay
near
him
.
When
they
were
Slain
,
they
carryed
their
Bodies
through
a
little
Gate
,
which
they
had
made
on
purpose
in
the
Walls
of
the
City
,
into
a
Garden
near
at
hand
,
and
then
they
set
Fire
to
the
Gun-powder
,
which
blew
up
the
House
from
the
very
Foundation
,
and
made
such
a
Noise
,
that
it
shook
some
of
the
Adjacent
Houses
,
yea
,
those
that
were
fast
asleep
in
the
farthest
part
of
the
City
,
were
awakned
and
frightned
at
the
Noise
,
when
the
Horrid
Fact
was
done
,
Bothwell
was
let
out
by
the
Ruins
of
the
City
Walls
,
and
so
returned
to
the
Palace
,
through
the
Guard
,
by
another
way
,
then
that
he
came
;
this
was
the
common
report
of
the
King's
Death
,
which
held
for
some
Days
,
and
which
you
'll
find
a
fuller
Confirmation
of
in
due
place
.
The
Queen
had
sat
up
that
Night
to
wait
for
the
Event
,
and
hearing
the
Tumult
,
called
together
those
of
the
Nobility
who
were
at
Court
,
and
Bothwell
amongst
the
rest
,
and
by
their
advice
,
sent
out
to
know
what
was
the
matter
,
as
if
he
had
been
ignorant
of
all
that
was
done
;
some
went
to
inspect
the
King's
Body
,
which
had
only
a
Linnen
Shirt
on
the
Upper-part
of
it
,
the
rest
lay
naked
,
and
his
other
Cloaths
and
Shoes
lay
near
him
;
the
Common
People
also
in
great
Multitudes
came
to
see
him
,
and
many
conjectures
there
were
upon
it
yet
they
all
agreed
,
(
sorely
against
Bothwell's
Mind
,
)
that
he
could
never
be
thrown
out
of
the
House
by
the
force
of
the
Gun-powder
,
for
there
was
no
part
,
broken
,
bruised
,
black
or
blue
about
his
Body
,
which
,
in
a
Ruin
by
Gun
powder
,
must
needs
be
;
besides
his
Cloaths
lying
near
him
,
were
no
ways
●●●dged
with
the
Flames
,
or
covered
with
any
Ashes
,
so
that
it
was
impossible
it
could
have
been
thrown
thither
by
any
Casualty
,
but
must
be
placed
there
on
purpose
,
by
some
Bodies
Hands
;
so
Bothwell
returned
again
,
and
as
if
he
had
been
in
great
admiration
,
brought
the
News
to
the
Queen
,
of
the
sad
Disaster
,
whereupon
she
went
to
Bed
,
and
lay
secure
,
soundly
Sleeping
a
great
part
of
the
next
Morning
.
Sir
James
Melvil
says
,
he
himself
came
that
same
Morning
to
the
Door
of
the
Queens
Chamber
,
where
he
met
the
Earl
of
Bothwell
,
who
told
him
,
her
Majesty
was
sorrowful
and
quiet
,
(
a
likely
matter
,
)
which
had
occasioned
him
to
come
forth
;
and
also
added
,
that
the
strangest
Accident
had
fallen
out
,
that
ever
was
heard
on
,
for
Thunder
had
come
out
of
the
Sky
,
and
had
burnt
the
King's
House
and
himself
was
found
dead
,
lying
at
a
little
distance
from
the
House
,
under
a
Tree
;
then
desired
Sir
Jam●s
to
go
to
see
his
Body
,
and
said
there
was
not
any
hurt
nor
a
mark
on
all
of
it
;
but
when
Sir
James
had
been
up
to
see
him
,
he
had
been
taken
up
into
a
particular
Room
,
and
kept
by
one
Alexander
Durham
,
so
as
that
he
could
not
get
a
sight
of
him
.
In
the
mean
time
,
the
Pa●ricides
,
to
add
Villany
to
Villany
,
did
spread
Reports
abroad
,
and
which
were
carryed
by
Day-light
,
to
the
very
borders
of
England
,
that
the
King
was
Murdered
by
the
Design
of
the
Earls
of
Murray
and
Morton
▪
yet
every
body
thought
privately
with
themselves
,
that
the
Queen
m●st
needs
be
the
Author
of
the
Murder
;
neither
was
the
Bishop
of
St.
Andrews
free
from
suspicion
;
for
there
were
shrew'd
Conjectures
against
him
,
as
the
high
and
cruel
enmities
between
the
Families
;
that
he
was
never
well
reconciled
to
the
Queen
,
before
she
hatch'd
that
Wickedness
in
her
Mind
;
and
that
of
late
,
when
he
accompanyed
her
to
Glascow
,
he
was
made
acquainted
with
the
utmost
of
her
Projects
.
And
Men's
suspicion
were
encreased
of
him
,
because
,
at
that
time
,
he
had
retired
to
his
Brother's
House
,
the
Earl
of
Arran
,
which
was
nigh
to
the
House
where
the
King
was
Slain
;
whereas
,
before
he
always
used
to
live
at
some
eminent
part
of
the
City
,
where
he
might
conveniently
receive
Visits
,
and
curry
favour
with
the
People
by
Feasting
them
;
and
besides
Lights
were
seen
in
his
House
,
and
a
Watch
all
that
same
Night
,
from
the
upper
part
of
the
City
,
and
when
the
Designed
Powder
Clap
was
given
,
then
it
was
observed
,
the
Lights
were
put
out
,
and
his
Vassals
,
many
of
whom
watched
in
their
Arms
,
were
forbidden
to
go
out
of
Doors
.
But
the
true
Story
of
the
Matter
of
Fact
,
which
broke
out
after
some
Months
,
gave
occasion
to
People
to
look
upon
those
things
,
as
certain
Indications
,
which
before
were
but
suspicions
only
.
When
the
Murder
was
committed
,
the
Conspirators
(
as
before
hinted
,
presently
dispatch'd
Messengers
into
England
,
who
were
to
report
,
that
the
King
was
cruelly
Murdered
by
his
own
Subjects
,
especially
by
the
Contrivance
of
the
Earls
of
Murray
and
Morton
;
and
the
News
did
so
enflame
the
English
to
a
Hatred
of
the
whole
Scotch
Nation
,
that
for
some
Days
,
no
Scotch
Man
durst
walk
the
Streets
,
without
running
the
Risque
of
his
Life
;
and
tho'
many
Letters
past
to
and
fro
that
made
some
Discovery
of
the
Secret
Contrivance
of
the
Design
,
yet
the
People
would
hardly
be
appeased
.
In
the
mean
time
,
the
King's
Body
was
left
for
a
time
,
as
a
Spectacle
to
be
gaz'd
on
,
and
a
great
concourse
of
People
continually
flock'd
to
see
it
;
the
Queen
having
ordered
that
it
should
be
laid
upon
a
Form
or
Bier
,
turn'd
up
side
down
,
and
brought
by
Porters
into
the
Palace
,
where
she
her self
view'd
the
Body
,
which
was
the
most
beautiful
and
comliest
of
the
Age.
The
Nobles
that
were
present
desired
,
that
a
Royal
and
Magnificent
Funeral
should
be
made
for
him
.
But
she
,
good
Woman
,
caused
him
to
be
carryed
out
by
Bearers
in
the
Night
,
to
be
buryed
in
no
manner
of
State
;
and
that
which
increased
the
Indignity
the
more
,
was
,
that
his
Grave
was
made
near
David
Rizzio's
,
as
if
she
had
designed
to
Sacrifice
the
Life
of
her
Husband
,
on
purpose
to
appease
the
Ghost
of
that
base
Varlet
.
There
were
two
surprizing
Prodigies
hapning
at
that
time
,
which
are
worthy
of
Relation
,
and
were
Construed
,
as
being
very
Ominous
to
that
poor
Prince
;
one
of
them
a
little
preceded
the
Murder
,
and
thus
it
it
was
;
One
John
Londin
,
a
Gentleman
of
Fife
,
having
been
Sick
for
a
long
time
of
a
Fever
,
did
the
Day
before
the
King
was
Murdered
,
about
Noon
,
lift
up
himself
a
little
out
of
his
Bed
,
and
as
if
he
had
been
in
great
Astonishment
,
cry'd
unto
such
as
stood
by
him
,
with
a
loud
Voice
,
Go
help
the
King
,
for
the
Parricides
were
just
now
going
to
Murder
him
.
And
a
while
after
he
called
out
with
a
Mournful
Tone
,
Now
't
is
too
late
to
help
,
he
is
already
Slain
;
and
the
Person
himself
died
soon
after
;
the
other
did
accompany
the
Murder
it self
.
There
were
three
of
the
Familiar
Friends
of
the
Earl
of
Athol
,
the
King's
Cousin
,
who
were
Men
of
Reputation
,
for
their
Valour
and
Fortunes
,
that
had
their
Lodgings
not
far
from
the
King
's
,
who
when
they
were
asleep
about
Midnight
,
there
seem'd
a
Man
to
come
to
Dugal
Stuwart
,
who
was
next
the
Wall
,
and
to
pull
his
Hand
over
his
Beard
and
Cheek
,
so
to
awake
him
,
saying
;
Arise
,
they
are
offering
Violence
to
us
,
upon
which
he
presently
awakes
,
and
considering
of
the
Apparition
with
himself
,
another
of
them
Cries
out
presently
in
the
same
Bed
,
Who
kicks
me
?
Dugall
answered
,
perhaps
't
is
a
Rat
,
which
us'd
to
walk
about
in
the
Night
;
whereupon
the
Third
,
who
was
not
awake
,
got
up
presently
out
of
his
Bed
,
and
was
a
going
to
run
away
,
asking
,
Who
was
that
had
given
him
a
Box
on
the
Ear
?
Which
words
were
no
sooner
spoke
by
him
,
but
that
one
seemed
to
go
out
of
the
House
by
the
Door
,
not
without
some
Noise
.
While
they
were
descanting
together
on
what
they
had
heard
and
seen
,
the
Noise
of
the
King's
House
,
that
was
blown
up
,
drove
them
all
into
a
great
Fright
.
The
Earl
of
Athol
highly
resented
the
King's
Murder
,
and
so
did
Murray
,
which
put
both
of
them
in
danger
of
their
Lives
;
nay
,
Bothwell
understanding
that
Murray
was
Sick
at
his
own
House
of
the
Gout
,
did
under
a
pretence
of
Visiting
him
,
design
to
Murder
him
,
as
he
had
done
before
;
but
Murray
had
removed
a
little
before
to
his
Brother
Robert's
House
,
and
so
escaped
and
now
the
Queen
and
Bothwell
are
as
unseparable
as
their
Shadows
,
and
take
a
full
swing
of
their
pleasures
;
but
the
Arrival
of
the
French
Ambassador
,
and
his
insisting
how
infamous
the
King's
Murder
was
among
Strangers
,
put
some
damps
,
upon
their
Enjoyments
;
besides
,
they
were
not
a
little
sollicitous
,
concerning
the
Rumours
spread
of
Bothwell
,
being
concern'd
in
the
Fact
,
and
how
to
avoid
the
Danger
,
and
clear
of
all
suspicion
,
was
now
become
the
main
Head
of
their
Consultation
.
There
was
a
Design
laid
before
,
to
have
him
try'd
and
acquitted
;
for
presently
upon
the
King's
death
,
Bothwell
and
some
of
his
Complices
came
to
the
Earl
of
Argyle
,
who
was
Hereditary
Capital
Judge
in
Criminal
Causes
,
and
first
pretended
,
they
were
wholly
ignorant
of
what
was
done
,
and
wondered
at
it
all
as
a
New
,
unheard
of
,
and
incredible
thing
;
then
they
proceded
to
the
Examination
of
it
,
and
to
that
end
Summoned
some
poor
Women
out
of
the
Neighbourhood
,
but
they
stuck
between
Hope
and
Fear
,
being
uncertain
,
whether
they
ought
to
speak
,
or
hold
their
Peace
;
but
tho'
they
were
very
cautious
in
their
words
,
yet
,
uttering
more
then
was
expected
,
they
were
dismist
as
having
spoken
nothing
upon
any
certain
Ground
;
and
as
for
their
Testimony
,
it
was
easie
enough
to
dispute
it
;
whereupon
some
of
the
King's
Servants
,
whom
the
Fire
had
not
destroy'd
,
were
sent
for
,
and
being
interrogated
concerning
the
Ingress
of
the
Assassines
,
answered
,
That
the
Keys
were
not
in
their
Power
;
and
it
being
urged
on
them
again
,
in
whose
Power
then
?
They
reply'd
the
Queens
,
whereupon
the
further
Examination
was
put
off
,
as
they
pretended
,
but
indeed
was
quite
supprest
,
for
they
were
afraid
,
if
they
went
any
further
,
the
Court
Secrets
would
become
all
publickly
known
.
And
yet
to
set
a
Gloss
upon
the
Matter
,
a
Proclamation
was
Published
,
and
a
Pecuniary
Reward
was
offered
to
the
Discoverers
of
the
King's
Murder
,
but
who
durst
be
so
bold
,
as
to
Impeach
Bothwell
,
seeing
he
was
to
be
the
impleaded
,
the
Judge
,
the
Examiner
,
and
the
Exacter
ef
the
Punishment
too
.
Yet
this
fear
which
stopped
the
Mouths
of
divers
single
Persons
,
could
not
bridle
the
Multitude
,
for
Libells
were
Published
,
Pictures
made
,
and
Night-hawkings
and
Cries
were
uttered
,
whereby
the
Parricides
might
easily
understand
,
that
their
whole
Design
was
discovered
,
who
projected
the
Wicked
Fact
,
and
who
was
assistant
to
put
the
same
in
Execution
;
and
the
more
the
People
were
forbidden
,
the
more
did
their
Grief
make
them
speak
;
and
tho'
the
Conspirator
seemed
to
despise
these
things
,
yet
they
were
so
inwardly
prick'd
and
touch'd
,
that
they
could
not
dissemble
their
Sorrow
.
And
therefore
committing
the
Examination
about
the
King's
Death
,
in
which
they
ought
to
have
proceeded
;
they
fell
more
severely
and
in
earnest
upon
another
Guest
,
and
that
was
against
the
Authors
of
Libels
,
or
,
as
they
called
it
,
the
Calumniators
of
the
Earl
of
Bothwell
;
and
this
they
so
severely
prosecuted
,
that
they
spared
no
Pains
nor
Cost
the●e
;
and
made
it
Capital
,
not
only
to
Sell
,
but
even
to
Read
those
Libells
,
when
they
were
Sold
;
but
they
who
endeavoured
to
bridle
the
Tongues
of
the
People
,
by
threatning
Capital
Punishments
to
them
,
were
not
satisfied
with
the
King's
death
,
but
still
retain'd
their
Hatred
against
him
,
though
now
in
his
Grave
.
For
the
Queen
gave
her
Husbands
Goods
,
Arms
,
Horses
,
Apparel
,
and
other
Houshold-stuff
,
either
to
his
Fathers
Enemies
,
or
to
the
Murderers
themselves
,
as
if
they
had
been
forfeited
into
her
Exchequer
.
And
as
these
matters
were
openly
acted
,
so
many
did
as
publickly
inveigh
against
them
,
so
that
a
Taylor
,
who
was
to
fit
some
of
the
King's
Cloaths
for
Bothwell's
Body
,
was
so
adventurous
as
to
say
,
now
he
saw
the
Old
Country
Custom
verified
,
that
the
Executioner
had
the
Cloaths
of
them
that
suffered
by
his
Hands
.
But
tho'
these
things
wrought
no
small
disquietude
to
the
Parricides
Day
by
Day
,
yet
nothing
stuck
so
close
to
them
,
as
the
Dayly
Complaints
of
the
Earl
of
Lennox
,
who
,
though
he
would
not
adventure
to
come
to
Court
,
by
Reason
of
Bothwell's
Power
,
accompanyed
with
the
highest
Luxury
,
yet
he
so
earnestly
sollicited
the
Queen
by
Letters
,
that
she
would
commit
Bothwell
to
Prison
,
who
without
doubt
,
was
the
Author
of
the
King's
Murder
,
till
a
Day
might
be
appointed
to
bring
him
to
a
Tryal
;
that
she
,
tho'
eluding
his
desire
by
many
Stratagems
,
yet
seeing
at
last
,
the
Examination
of
so
heinous
a
Fact
,
could
not
be
avoided
,
designed
to
have
it
carryed
on
in
this
manner
.
The
Meeting
of
the
Assembly
of
the
Estates
was
nigh
at
hand
,
and
she
was
desirous
before
that
time
,
to
have
the
Matter
decided
,
that
so
Bothwell
being
absolved
by
the
Votes
of
the
Judges
,
might
be
further
cleared
by
the
●u●●●ages
of
the
whole
Parliament
.
This
hast
was
the
Cause
that
nothing
was
carryed
in
an
orderly
manner
,
or
according
to
the
Ancient
Custom
in
that
Judicatory
Process
,
for
the
Accusers
,
(
as
is
customary
,
)
ought
to
have
been
cited
,
with
their
Kindred
,
as
Wife
,
Father
,
Mother
,
Son
,
either
to
appear
Personally
,
or
else
by
Proxy
,
within
40
Days
,
for
that
is
the
time
limitted
,
by
the
Law
;
but
here
the
Father
was
only
Summoned
,
without
Summoning
any
of
his
Friends
,
only
his
own
Family
,
which
at
that
time
was
in
a
low
Estate
,
and
reduced
but
to
a
few
;
whereas
in
the
mean
time
,
Bothwell
flew
up
and
down
the
Town
,
with
a
great
many
Troops
at
his
Heels
,
so
that
the
Earl
of
Lennox
thought
it
not
adviseable
for
him
to
come
into
a
City
full
of
his
Enemies
,
where
he
had
neither
Friends
nor
Vassals
,
to
secure
him
;
and
supposing
there
was
no
danger
of
Life
,
yet
there
could
be
no
freedom
of
Debate
;
but
Bothwell
appeared
at
the
Day
appointed
,
and
came
into
the
Town-Hall
,
being
himself
both
plaintiff
and
Defendant
too
.
The
Judges
of
the
Nobility
were
called
over
,
most
of
them
being
Bothwell's
Friends
,
and
none
daring
to
appear
on
the
other
side
to
accept
against
any
one
of
them
;
only
Robert
Cunningham
,
one
of
Lennox's
Family
,
put
a
small
stop
to
the
Proceedings
,
for
he
having
liberty
to
speak
openly
,
boldly
declared
,
the
Process
was
not
according
to
Law
nor
Custom
:
Where
the
Accused
Person
was
so
Powerful
,
that
he
could
not
be
brought
to
Punishment
,
and
the
Accuser
was
absent
for
fear
of
his
Life
;
therefore
whatsoever
should
be
determined
there
,
as
being
against
Law
and
Right
,
was
null
and
void
;
yet
,
they
persisted
in
their
Design
notwithstanding
.
And
the
Issue
of
the
whole
was
,
that
they
declared
,
they
saw
no
reason
to
find
Bothwell
Guilty
;
yet
if
any
man
hereafter
should
lawfully
accuse
him
,
they
gave
a
caution
that
this
Judgment
should
be
no
hindrance
to
him
;
and
some
thought
the
Verdict
was
wisely
given
in
by
them
,
for
the
Indictment
was
conceived
in
such
Words
,
that
the
severest
Judges
could
ne'er
have
found
Bothwell
guilty
upon
it
,
for
it
was
laid
against
a
Murder
committed
the
9th
of
February
,
whereas
the
King
was
slain
the
10th
.
Thus
Bothwell
was
acquitted
of
the
Fact
,
but
not
of
the
Infamy
thereof
,
suspicions
still
increasing
upon
him
,
and
his
punishment
seemed
only
to
be
deferred
;
but
any
pretence
whatsoever
,
though
a
shameless
one
,
seemed
good
enough
to
the
Queen
,
who
made
haste
to
Marry
him
;
but
as
a
surplusage
to
his
Absolution
,
there
was
a
Chartel
or
a
Challenge
,
posted
on
the
eminentest
part
of
the
Court
,
declaring
,
That
though
Bothwell
was
lawfully
acquitted
of
the
King's
Murder
,
yet
to
make
his
Innocency
the
more
appear
,
he
was
ready
to
decide
the
matter
in
a
Duel
against
any
Gentleman
,
or
Person
of
Honour
,
that
should
dare
to
lay
it
to
his
Charge
:
Next
morning
there
was
one
who
did
as
manfully
post
up
an
answer
to
this
bold
Challenge
,
provided
the
place
of
Combate
were
appointed
,
wherein
without
danger
he
might
declare
his
Name
:
But
I
do
not
find
the
matter
proceeded
any
further
:
At
the
same
time
the
Queen
was
very
urgent
to
hasten
the
Marriage
,
and
yet
withall
she
desired
by
any
means
to
procure
the
publick
Consent
,
that
she
might
seem
to
act
nothing
but
by
the
Suffrage
of
the
Nobles
;
And
Bothwell
too
,
to
credit
the
Marriage
with
the
colour
of
the
publick
Authority
,
devised
this
Stratagem
.
He
invited
all
the
Nobility
of
the
highest
Rank
,
that
were
then
in
Town
,
as
there
were
divers
of
them
,
one
Night
to
Supper
;
and
when
they
were
Jocund
and
Merry
,
he
desired
they
would
shew
that
respect
to
him
for
the
future
,
which
they
had
always
done
heretofore
;
but
at
present
,
his
only
request
was
,
that
whereas
he
was
a
Suiter
to
the
Queen
,
they
would
subscribe
to
a
Schedule
which
he
had
made
about
that
matter
,
and
that
would
be
a
means
to
procure
him
favour
with
the
Queen
,
and
respect
with
all
the
People
:
The
Lords
were
all
amaz'd
at
so
sudden
and
unexpected
a
motion
,
and
could
not
dissemble
their
Sorrow
,
neither
yet
durst
they
refuse
or
deny
him
;
whereupon
a
few
,
that
knew
the
Queen's
Mind
,
began
first
,
and
the
rest
,
not
foreseeing
that
there
were
so
great
a
number
of
Flatterers
there
present
,
suspected
one
another
,
and
at
last
all
subscribed
;
but
the
day
after
,
when
they
had
recollected
what
they
had
done
,
some
of
them
as
ingenuously
professed
,
they
would
never
have
granted
their
Consent
,
unless
they
thought
the
thing
had
been
acceptable
to
the
Queen
;
for
besides
that
the
matter
carried
no
great
face
of
honesty
,
and
was
prejudicial
to
the
publick
too
,
so
there
was
danger
,
if
any
difference
should
arise
(
as
it
came
to
pass
between
her
and
her
former
Husband
)
between
her
and
Bothwell
also
;
and
if
he
were
rejected
,
it
might
be
laid
in
their
Dishes
that
they
had
betrayed
the
Queen
to
a
dishonourable
Marriage
;
and
therefore
before
they
had
run
too
far
,
they
resolved
to
try
her
Mind
,
and
to
procure
a
Writing
under
her
hand
to
this
purport
,
that
she
did
approve
of
what
they
had
done
in
reference
to
her
Marriage
;
which
Scroul
was
easily
obtained
,
and
by
a
joint
Consent
of
them
all
,
delivered
to
the
Earl
of
Argyle
to
keep
.
Next
day
all
the
Bishops
in
the
Town
were
called
into
Court
,
that
they
might
also
subscribe
;
this
care
being
over
,
another
succeeded
,
which
was
,
how
the
Queen
might
get
her
Son
into
her
Power
;
for
Bothwell
did
not
think
it
safe
for
him
to
have
a
young
Child
brought
up
,
who
in
time
might
Revenge
his
Fathers
Murder
,
neither
was
he
willing
that
any
other
should
come
between
his
Children
and
the
Crown
;
whereupon
,
the
Queen
,
who
could
deny
him
nothing
,
undertook
the
task
her self
to
bring
the
Child
to
Edenburg
;
but
when
she
came
to
Sterlin
,
the
Earl
of
Mar
suspected
what
was
a
brewing
,
and
therefore
shewed
her
the
Prince
,
but
would
not
let
him
be
in
her
Power
:
The
Queen
seeing
her
fraud
detected
,
and
not
able
to
cope
with
him
by
force
,
pretended
another
cause
for
her
Journey
,
and
prepared
to
return
;
but
on
the
Road
,
either
by
reason
of
her
overmuch
Toll
,
or
for
Anger
that
her
Designs
,
which
the
Authors
thought
craftily
laid
,
were
unsuccessful
,
she
was
taken
with
a
sudden
illness
,
and
was
forced
to
retire
to
a
poor
House
about
four
miles
from
Sterlin
,
where
her
pain
something
abating
,
she
proceeded
on
her
Journey
,
and
came
that
Night
to
Linlithgow
;
from
thence
she
wrote
to
Bothwell
,
by
Paris
,
what
she
would
have
him
to
do
about
her
surprize
;
for
before
she
departed
from
Edenburg
,
she
had
Concerted
with
him
,
that
at
the
Bridge
of
Almon
he
should
surprize
her
in
her
return
,
and
carry
her
whither
he
pleased
as
it
't
were
against
her
Will
;
the
Censure
of
the
Commonalty
upon
this
matter
was
,
that
she
could
not
altogether
conceal
her
Familiarity
with
Bothwell
,
nor
yet
could
well
want
it
,
nor
could
she
openly
enjoy
it
as
she
desired
it
,
without
the
loss
of
her
Reputation
;
it
was
too
tedious
to
expect
his
Divorce
from
his
former
Wife
,
and
she
was
willing
to
consult
her
Honour
,
which
the
pretended
to
have
a
very
great
regard
unto
,
yet
she
would
provide
for
her
Lust
also
,
of
which
she
was
very
impatient
,
and
therefore
the
Device
was
thought
to
be
very
pretty
;
that
Bothwell
should
redeem
the
Queen's
Infamy
with
his
own
great
Crime
,
the
punishment
whereof
he
did
not
yet
fear
at
all
;
but
there
was
a
deeper
reach
in
the
projected
design
,
as
came
afterward
to
be
understood
;
for
whereas
the
People
did
every
where
point
at
and
curse
the
King's
Murderers
,
they
to
provide
for
their
own
security
,
by
the
perswasion
,
as
't
is
thought
,
of
John
Lesley
Bishop
of
Ross
,
devised
this
attempt
upon
the
Queen
.
'T
is
the
manner
in
Scotland
,
when
the
King
grants
a
Pardon
for
Offences
,
that
he
that
Sues
it
out
expresses
his
great
Offence
by
name
,
and
the
rest
of
his
Crimes
are
added
in
general
Words
;
accordingly
the
King's
Murderers
determined
to
ask
Pardon
for
this
surprize
of
the
Queen
by
Name
,
and
then
to
have
added
in
their
●ardons
by
way
of
overplus
,
and
all
other
wicked
Facts
;
in
which
clause
they
persuaded
themselves
,
that
the
King's
Murder
would
be
included
,
because
it
was
not
safe
for
them
to
name
themselves
Authors
of
it
in
the
Pardon
,
neither
would
it
be
creditable
for
the
Queen
so
to
grant
it
;
neither
could
it
be
well
added
in
the
grant
of
Pardon
,
as
an
Appendix
to
a
lesser
Crime
;
another
Offence
,
less
invidious
,
but
liable
to
the
same
punishment
was
to
be
devised
,
under
the
shaddow
whereof
the
King's
Murder
might
be
disguised
and
pardoned
;
and
no
other
did
occur
to
their
view
but
this
pretended
force
put
upon
the
Queen
,
whereby
her
pleasure
might
be
satisfied
,
and
Bothwell's
security
provided
for
too
;
and
therefore
,
he
,
with
600
Horse
,
attended
her
coming
at
Almon
Bridge
,
and
carried
her
,
by
her
own
Consent
,
to
Dunbar
;
where
they
had
free
Converse
one
with
another
,
and
a
Divorce
was
made
betwixt
Bothwell
and
his
former
Wife
,
and
that
in
two
Courts
:
First
,
She
was
cited
before
Judges
publickly
appointed
to
decide
such
Controversies
;
and
after
that
,
before
the
Officials
,
or
Bishops
Courts
,
though
they
were
forbid
by
a
publick
Statute
,
to
exercise
any
part
of
Magistry
,
or
to
intermeddle
with
any
publick
:
Affair
;
so
that
Madam
Gordon
,
Bothwell's
Wife
,
was
compelled
to
Commence
a
Suit
of
Divorce
,
in
a
double
Court
before
the
Queen's
Judges
;
and
what
must
the
Accusation
be
,
but
that
her
Husband
was
Guilty
of
Adultery
,
which
was
the
only
just
cause
of
a
Divorce
amongst
them
,
and
this
before
the
Papal
Judges
,
who
though
forbidden
by
the
Law
,
yet
were
impowered
by
the
Archbishop
of
St.
Andrews
,
to
determine
the
Controversie
:
Her
Allegations
against
him
were
,
That
before
their
Marriage
,
he
had
had
too
much
unlawful
or
incestuous
Familiarity
with
her
Kinswoman
:
The
Witnesses
and
Judges
made
no
delay
in
the
Case
,
for
the
Suit
was
commenced
,
prosecuted
,
adjudg'd
and
ended
all
in
ten
days
.
On
these
emergent
Occasions
a
great
many
of
the
honest
Nobles
met
at
Sterlin
,
and
sent
to
the
Queen
,
desiring
to
know
of
her
,
Whether
she
was
kept
willingly
,
or
against
her
Will
?
If
the
latter
,
they
would
Levy
an
Army
for
her
Deliverance
.
It
was
observed
she
received
the
Message
not
without
Smiling
,
and
answered
them
,
that
it
was
true
,
she
was
brought
thither
against
her
Will
,
but
was
so
kindly
treated
ever
since
,
that
she
had
little
cause
to
complain
of
the
former
Injury
:
Thus
was
the
Messenger
eluded
;
but
yet
,
though
they
made
all
the
haste
they
could
to
take
off
the
reflection
of
the
force
,
by
a
lawful
Marriage
,
yet
there
were
two
rubs
still
in
the
way
;
one
was
,
that
if
she
Married
while
a
Prisoner
,
the
Marriage
might
not
be
accounted
good
,
and
so
easily
dissolved
;
and
the
other
difficulty
was
how
to
have
the
usual
Ceremonies
performed
,
that
the
Bans
should
be
published
three
Lord's
Days
in
the
publick
Congregation
,
of
a
Marriage
intended
between
James
Hepburn
and
Mary
Stuart
,
so
that
if
any
one
knew
a
lawful
Impediment
,
why
they
should
not
be
joined
together
in
Matrimony
,
they
should
then
declare
the
same
,
that
so
it
might
be
decided
in
the
Church
:
to
bring
this
matter
therefore
about
,
Bothwell
gathers
his
Friends
and
Dependants
together
,
resolving
to
bring
back
the
Queen
to
Edenburg
,
that
so
under
a
vain
shew
of
their
Liberty
,
he
might
determine
of
their
Marriage
at
his
pleasure
;
To
this
end
his
Companions
were
all
armed
,
but
as
they
were
on
their
Journey
,
a
fear
seiz'd
on
some
of
them
,
lest
at
one
time
or
other
it
might
turn
to
their
prejudice
to
detain
the
Queen
as
yet
a
Prisoner
;
and
if
there
were
no
other
ground
for
it
,
yet
this
was
enough
,
that
they
accompanied
her
in
an
armed
manner
,
when
all
things
were
in
Peace
and
Tranquillity
,
upon
which
scruple
they
threw
away
their
Arms
,
and
so
brought
her
in
a
seeming
more
peaceable
posture
to
Edenburg
Castle
,
which
was
then
in
Bothwell's
Power
.
Next
day
they
accompanied
her
into
the
City
and
Courts
of
Justice
,
where
she
affirmed
before
the
Judges
,
that
she
was
wholly
free
and
under
no
restraint
at
all
;
but
as
to
the
publishing
of
the
Marriage
in
the
Church
,
the
Reader
,
whose
Office
it
was
,
wholly
refused
it
,
which
was
a
new
Mortification
;
but
upon
his
refusal
,
the
Elder
Deacons
and
Ecclesiasticks
assembled
,
as
not
daring
to
resist
,
and
commanded
the
Reader
to
publish
the
Banes
according
to
custom
;
but
the
man
was
so
bold
,
as
plainly
to
tell
them
,
that
he
himself
knew
a
lawful
Impediment
,
and
was
ready
to
declare
the
same
to
the
Queen
or
to
Bothwell
when
ever
they
pleased
to
Command
him
;
whereupon
he
was
sent
for
to
the
Castle
,
and
the
Queen
remitted
him
to
Bothwell
,
who
,
with
all
he
could
do
,
either
by
fear
or
favour
,
could
not
divert
him
from
his
Resolution
,
and
yet
he
durst
not
commit
the
matter
to
a
Dispute
;
yet
on
he
went
to
hasten
the
Marriage
,
and
there
was
none
to
be
found
besides
the
Bishop
of
Orkney
to
Celebrate
the
same
,
it
was
he
alone
that
preferred
Court
favour
before
Truth
;
the
rest
being
utterly
against
it
,
and
producing
Reasons
,
why
it
could
not
be
a
lawful
Marriage
with
a
Person
that
had
two
Wives
yet
living
,
and
had
lately
confest
his
own
Adultery
,
and
had
been
also
Divorced
from
a
third
;
yet
though
all
good
Men
did
loath
this
way
of
procedure
,
and
that
the
Commonalty
cursed
it
,
and
even
the
Earls
own
Kindred
,
by
Letters
dissuaded
him
from
it
,
while
it
was
in
prosecution
,
and
abhorred
it
when
done
;
there
were
some
publick
Ceremonies
dissemblingly
performed
,
and
Married
they
were
for
all
that
:
Those
of
the
Nobility
there
present
(
which
were
but
few
,
and
they
Bothwell's
Friends
and
Creatures
too
,
the
rest
being
gone
to
their
homes
)
were
invited
to
Supper
,
and
so
was
Crocke
the
French
Ambassador
,
who
,
though
he
were
of
the
Guisian
Faction
,
and
did
besides
dwell
near
the
place
,
yet
absolutely
refused
to
come
,
as
thinking
it
suited
not
with
the
Dignity
of
that
Person
he
represented
,
to
countenance
that
Marriage
by
his
presence
,
which
he
heard
the
common
People
did
Curse
and
Abominate
;
and
indeed
,
the
King
of
France
,
and
Queen
of
England
,
did
by
their
Ambassadors
declare
against
the
Turpitude
of
the
thing
;
and
though
that
was
troublesome
to
the
Queen
,
yet
the
silent
sadness
of
the
People
did
so
much
the
more
increase
her
fierce
Disposition
,
as
things
seen
pierce
deeper
than
things
only
heard
.
As
they
both
went
through
the
City
,
none
Saluted
them
with
wonted
Acclamations
,
only
one
said
,
and
that
only
but
once
,
God
save
the
Queen
,
whereupon
,
another
Woman
near
her
spoke
aloud
once
or
twice
,
so
as
the
standers
by
might
her
,
Let
every
one
have
what
his
Desert
is
,
which
inraged
her
still
the
more
against
the
Citizens
,
so
that
now
seeing
the
danger
she
was
in
by
the
alienated
Minds
of
her
Subjects
,
she
casts
about
how
she
might
establish
her
Power
,
and
first
of
all
,
she
determined
to
send
an
Ambassador
into
France
,
to
reconcile
those
Princes
,
and
the
Guises
to
her
,
whom
she
knew
were
offended
with
her
precipitate
Marriage
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Dunblain
was
pitch'd
upon
for
that
purpose
,
whose
Instructions
were
Politickly
framed
,
and
long
,
and
no
great
question
made
but
they
would
do
the
Business
:
The
Bishop
,
after
his
arrival
in
France
,
obtains
a
day
of
Audience
,
(
not
knowing
that
by
this
time
Bothwell
was
forced
to
fly
,
and
the
Queen
taken
Prisoner
,
as
you
'l
hear
by
and
by
)
whereof
the
very
same
day
the
French
King
and
his
Mother
had
received
Letters
,
one
from
Crocke
the
French
Ambassador
in
Scotland
,
and
another
from
Ninian
Cockerburn
,
a
Scot
,
who
had
served
as
a
Captain
of
Horse
some
years
in
France
;
The
Scotch
Ambassador
being
admitted
into
the
King's
Presence
,
made
a
long
and
accurate
Speech
,
partly
to
excuse
the
Queens
Marriage
,
without
the
advice
of
her
Friends
,
and
partly
to
commend
Bothwell
to
the
skies
,
beyond
all
Right
and
Reason
;
Hereupon
the
Queen
interrupted
the
vain
Man
by
shewing
him
the
Letters
she
had
received
from
Scotland
,
how
that
the
Queen
was
made
a
Prisoner
,
and
Bothwell
sted
,
at
which
sudden
ill
News
,
the
Man
was
astonished
,
and
held
his
Peace
,
whilst
those
that
were
present
partly
jeered
him
,
and
partly
smiled
at
this
unlook'd
for
accident
,
and
there
were
none
of
them
all
but
thought
she
suffered
deservedly
.
But
to
return
to
our
Domestick
Affairs
,
the
way
they
projected
for
their
security
was
,
after
they
had
fixed
those
by
Gifts
at
present
,
and
Promises
for
the
future
,
who
were
either
Perpetrators
or
Partizans
in
the
King's
Murder
,
to
make
a
Combination
of
the
greater
Nobility
;
and
if
that
were
once
done
,
they
might
go
on
and
undervalue
the
rest
,
or
cut
them
off
,
if
they
remained
obstinate
;
whereupon
they
assembled
the
Nobility
,
and
propounded
unto
them
,
the
Heads
of
those
Capitulations
they
were
to
Swear
to
;
the
Sum
of
the
whole
was
,
that
they
should
maintain
the
Queen
and
Bothwell
in
all
their
Actings
,
and
on
the
otherside
,
they
were
to
Favour
and
Countenance
the
concerns
of
those
of
the
Confederates
then
present
;
a
great
many
were
perswaded
to
it
before
,
and
so
Subscribed
;
the
rest
perceiving
it
was
bad
to
Conspire
,
and
as
dangerous
to
refuse
,
Subscribed
also
.
But
the
Earl
of
Murray
,
that
his
Authority
(
which
was
great
for
his
Vertue
,
)
might
give
some
Countenance
to
the
thing
,
was
sent
for
upon
this
occasion
;
but
he
after
all
the
Tamperings
with
him
that
could
be
,
absolutely
refused
to
Subscribe
the
said
Association
,
and
thereupon
got
leave
with
much
ado
,
to
Travel
;
so
went
through
England
into
France
,
where
we
'll
leave
him
for
a
time
.
The
Riddance
of
whom
,
as
being
a
free
Hearted
and
popular
Man
,
out
of
the
way
,
did
not
a
little
please
the
Queen
,
who
now
also
endeavours
to
remove
the
other
Obstacles
to
her
Harmony
,
and
those
were
such
as
would
not
willingly
Subscribe
to
her
Wickedness
,
or
were
not
like
easily
to
Acquiesce
with
her
Designs
;
but
she
had
a
perpetual
Hatred
towards
those
,
who
perceiving
her
to
be
no
better
affected
towards
her
Son
,
then
towards
her
former
Husband
,
had
entred
into
an
Association
at
Sterling
,
for
no
Wicked
Design
,
but
to
defend
the
Young
Prince
,
which
his
Mother
desired
to
have
under
the
Powder
of
his
Father-in-law
,
who
they
were
sure
would
not
fail
to
make
away
with
him
;
the
chief
of
that
Combination
were
the
Earls
of
Argyle
,
Morton
,
Mar
,
Athol
,
and
Glenoarn
,
besides
others
,
and
some
of
an
inferior
Degree
,
as
Linsey
,
Boyd
,
with
their
Friends
and
Partners
;
but
Argyl
and
Boyd
were
won
over
quickly
to
the
Queens
Party
.
But
all
this
would
not
do
,
for
the
Families
of
the
Humes
,
Carrs
and
Scots
,
living
upon
the
English
borders
,
and
by
their
Scituation
,
as
well
as
being
otherwise
Powerful
,
became
suspected
by
the
Queen
,
to
have
a
Hand
against
her
in
this
matter
;
and
their
Power
she
endeavoured
to
lessen
with
all
her
might
,
and
there
seemed
a
fit
occasion
to
be
offered
for
that
purpose
;
for
Bothwell
was
preparing
an
expedition
into
Liddisdale
,
to
make
amends
for
the
Dishonour
he
had
received
there
the
Autumn
before
,
and
also
to
gain
some
reputation
by
his
Arms
,
to
take
off
the
Envy
of
the
Kings
Death
;
all
the
chief
of
the
Families
in
Teviotdale
,
were
commanded
by
the
Queen
,
to
come
to
the
Castle
of
Edenburgh
,
that
there
for
so●
short
time
,
they
might
be
secure
,
as
in
a
free
Custody
,
upon
a
pretence
,
that
they
might
not
be
lead
into
an
expedition
,
which
did
not
seem
likely
to
be
successfully
accomplished
against
their
Wiles
,
and
they
also
,
if
at
liberty
,
might
disturb
the
Design
,
out
of
Envy
,
and
in
their
absence
,
she
might
inure
the
Clans
,
to
the
Government
of
others
,
and
so
by
Degrees
,
wear
off
the
Love
of
their
Old
Patrons
and
Masters
;
but
they
well
imagining
,
there
was
some
deeper
Project
concealed
under
that
Command
,
went
home
by
Night
,
all
except
Andrew
Carr
,
who
was
commonly
reputed
not
to
be
ignorant
of
the
King's
Murder
,
and
another
Carr
at
Seaford
,
an
harmless
innocent
Person
;
this
exasperated
the
rest
,
and
Hume
being
often
summoned
by
Bothwell
to
come
to
Court
,
refused
so
to
do
,
as
knowing
what
his
thoughts
were
towards
him
;
notwithstanding
the
Design
for
the
Expedition
went
forward
,
and
the
Queen
stayd
at
Borthwick
Castle
,
about
eight
Miles
from
Edenburgh
;
in
the
mean
time
,
the
Prince's
Assassinators
,
being
not
ignorant
of
Bothwell's
Design
,
towards
him
,
thought
it
now
necessary
to
proceed
to
Action
,
not
only
for
their
own
security
,
but
also
that
by
demanding
Justice
upon
the
Author
of
the
King's
Murder
,
they
might
acquit
the
Scottish
Name
,
from
the
Infamy
,
under
which
it
lay
among
Foreign
Nations
;
and
therefore
supposing
the
Common
People
would
follow
their
motions
,
they
privily
levyed
about
Two
thousand
Horse
,
so
that
the
Queen
knew
nothing
of
what
was
acted
,
till
they
came
to
Borthwick
Castle
,
with
part
of
the
Army
,
and
Besieged
her
and
Bothwell
therein
;
but
the
other
part
of
the
Conspirators
not
coming
at
the
time
appointed
,
and
she
having
not
force
enough
to
stop
all
passage
,
and
was
not
so
active
neither
as
he
might
have
been
,
because
the
rest
had
neglected
their
Parts
.
First
,
Bothwell
made
his
escape
,
and
after
him
the
Queen
,
and
went
directly
to
Dumbar
;
hereupon
the
Associators
proceeded
to
lay
Siege
to
Edenburgh
Castle
,
with
whom
the
Citizens
joyned
,
but
the
Governor
James
Balfour
,
tho'
he
seem'd
to
have
a
disposition
to
come
over
to
their
Party
,
and
by
Surrendring
the
Castle
to
make
atonement
for
his
former
miscarriages
,
yet
he
did
not
so
readily
do
it
,
but
that
some
elasted
first
,
which
gave
the
Queen
and
her
Party
opportunity
to
grow
strong
,
so
that
they
who
were
but
a
little
before
in
despair
,
grew
now
bold
,
and
thought
to
cope
with
their
Adversaries
;
and
to
that
purpose
marched
to
Leith
with
a
flow
pace
,
and
taking
time
to
distribute
Arms
to
the
Country
People
that
came
in
to
her
by
the
way
;
at
length
,
a
little
before
night
,
they
came
to
Seaton
,
and
because
they
could
not
be
quartered
there
,
they
divided
their
numbers
into
two
Neighbouring
Villages
,
both
called
Preston
;
from
whence
a
fearful
alarm
was
brought
to
Edenburg
before
midnight
,
and
presently
the
word
was
given
,
To
your
Arms
;
upon
this
they
rose
out
of
their
Beds
,
and
made
all
the
haste
they
could
into
the
adjoyning
Fields
,
and
there
having
gathered
a
good
Body
together
by
Sun-rising
,
they
set
themselves
in
Battle
Array
;
thence
they
marched
to
Musselborough
,
to
pass
the
River
Eske
,
before
the
Bridge
and
Ford
were
possessed
by
the
Enemy
,
but
meeting
no
body
,
and
perceiving
no
noise
at
all
,
they
placed
Guards
and
Sentinels
there
,
and
went
to
refresh
themselves
with
Food
:
In
the
mean
time
,
the
Scouts
seeing
a
few
Horsemen
,
draw
them
into
the
Village
,
but
durst
not
follow
them
further
for
fear
of
an
Ambuscade
,
so
that
they
brought
back
no
certain
news
of
the
Army
,
only
that
the
Enemy
was
a
marching
,
whereupon
the
Vindicators
of
Liberty
marching
out
of
Musselburg
,
saw
the
Enemy
standing
in
Battle
Array
upon
the
Brow
of
a
Hill
over
against
them
,
and
that
they
kept
their
Ground
;
the
Hill
being
so
steep
,
that
they
could
not
come
at
them
without
prejudice
,
they
drew
a
little
off
to
the
Right
,
both
to
have
the
Sun
on
their
Backs
,
and
also
to
gain
an
easier
ascent
,
that
they
might
Fight
upon
more
advantageous
Terms
,
and
this
design
of
theirs
deceived
the
Queen
,
who
thought
they
had
fled
,
and
were
marching
to
Dalkeith
,
a
Neighbouring
Town
of
the
Earl
of
Morton's
,
and
that
the
terrour
of
her
Royal
Name
was
so
great
,
that
they
durst
not
withstand
;
but
she
quickly
found
,
That
Authority
,
as
't
is
acquired
by
good
Arts
,
so
may
be
quickly
lost
by
bad
,
and
that
Majesty
,
destitute
of
Virtue
,
is
soon
brought
to
nothing
.
When
they
had
refresht
themselves
,
and
quenched
their
Thirst
,
which
much
annoy'd
them
before
,
as
soon
as
ever
they
got
a
fit
place
,
they
divided
their
Army
into
two
Bodies
:
The
Earl
of
Morton
commanded
the
first
,
with
Alexander
Hume
and
his
Vassals
;
The
second
was
conducted
by
the
Earls
of
Glencarne
,
Marr
,
and
Athol
;
and
when
they
were
thus
ready
to
give
the
onset
,
the
French
Ambassador
came
to
them
,
and
by
his
Interpreter
,
told
them
,
How
he
had
always
studied
the
Good
and
Tranquillity
of
Scotland
,
and
that
he
was
still
of
the
same
Mind
,
and
therefore
earnestly
desired
,
if
possible
,
the
matter
might
be
decided
to
the
satisfaction
of
both
Parties
,
without
Arms
or
Bloodshed
,
wherein
he
offerred
his
Service
,
alledging
,
that
the
Queen
also
was
not
averse
from
Peace
,
and
to
induce
them
the
more
to
believe
it
,
he
told
them
,
she
would
grant
a
present
Pardon
and
Oblivion
of
what
was
done
,
and
faithfully
promised
,
that
they
should
all
be
Indemnified
,
for
taking
up
Arms
against
the
Supream
Magistrate
;
to
which
the
Earl
of
Morton
answered
,
That
they
had
not
taken
up
Arms
against
the
Queen
,
but
against
the
late
King's
Murderers
,
who
,
if
she
would
deliver
up
to
punishment
,
or
sever
her self
from
him
,
then
she
should
understand
that
they
and
their
Fellow
Subjects
desired
nothing
more
than
to
persist
in
their
Duty
to
her
,
otherwise
no
agreement
could
be
made
;
and
to
this
,
Glencarne
added
,
That
they
came
not
thither
to
receive
Pardon
for
taking
up
Arms
,
but
to
give
;
and
so
the
Ambassador
seeing
no
good
was
to
be
done
,
craved
leave
to
depart
,
and
returned
to
Edenburg
,
re
infecta
:
In
the
mean
time
the
Queen's
Army
kept
it self
within
the
antient
Camp-Bounds
of
the
English
,
and
it
was
a
place
naturally
higher
than
the
rest
,
and
besides
fortified
with
a
Work
and
a
Ditch
,
from
whence
Bothwell
shewed
himself
mounted
on
a
brave
Steed
,
and
proclaimed
by
an
Herauld
,
that
he
was
ready
to
engage
in
a
single
Combat
with
any
of
the
adverse
Party
:
Hereupon
James
Murray
,
a
young
Nobleman
,
offerred
himself
from
the
other
Army
,
being
the
same
Person
that
had
done
so
before
by
a
Cartel
,
but
supprest
his
Name
,
(
as
has
been
already
said
)
but
Bothwell
refused
him
,
alledging
,
he
was
not
a
fit
Match
for
him
,
neither
in
Dignity
nor
Estate
;
then
came
forth
his
Elder
Brother
William
,
affirming
,
that
if
Money
matters
were
subduced
,
he
was
as
powerful
as
Bothwell
,
but
his
Superiour
both
in
Antiquity
of
Family
,
and
Integrity
of
Repute
,
but
Bothwell
rejected
him
also
,
as
being
lately
but
made
a
Knight
,
and
so
forth
;
At
last
,
Patrick
Lindsey
,
a
Person
of
the
first
Rank
,
desired
as
the
only
reward
of
all
his
Labours
,
which
he
had
undergone
,
to
maintain
the
Honour
of
his
Country
,
that
he
might
be
permitted
to
Fight
with
Bothwell
▪
but
Bothwell
,
who
in
the
main
had
no
Stomach
to
Fight
,
excepted
against
him
too
,
and
not
knowing
how
creditably
to
come
off
,
the
Queen
interposed
her
Authority
,
and
forbidding
the
Fight
,
ended
the
Controversie
;
then
marching
through
the
Army
on
Horseback
▪
she
tryed
how
they
all
stood
affected
;
but
to
her
great
(
disappointment
and
sorrow
,
she
found
no
great
disposition
in
the
Men
to
fight
:
They
said
there
were
a
great
many
brave
Soldiers
in
the
adverse
Army
,
and
that
it
was
sitter
for
Bothwell
,
whose
chief
Quarrel
it
was
,
to
try
it
out
in
a
single
Duel
,
than
that
he●
Majesty's
Person
,
and
so
many
Men's
Lives
should
be
hazarded
upon
the
account
,
but
that
if
she
were
fully
resolved
to
Fight
,
it
was
best
to
defer
it
till
too
morrow
,
for
it
was
said
,
the
Hamiltons
were
coming
with
a
Body
of
500
Horse
,
and
were
not
far
off
,
with
the
conjunction
of
whose
Forces
,
they
might
then
the
more
safely
advise
about
the
main
concern
;
for
at
that
time
the
Earl
of
Huntley
,
and
John
Hamilton
Archbishop
of
St.
Andrews
,
had
gathered
their
Clans
to
Hamilton
,
and
the
day
after
were
coming
to
the
Queen
;
whereupon
she
gnashed
her
Teeth
,
and
fell
to
Weeping
,
uttering
many
reproachful
Words
against
her
Nobles
,
and
by
a
Messenger
,
desired
of
the
contrary
Army
,
that
they
would
send
William
Kireadie
of
Grange
to
her
,
that
she
would
Discourse
with
him
about
Conditions
of
Peace
;
in
the
interim
,
the
Army
should
not
advance
,
ne●ther
did
the
adverse
Army
proceed
,
but
stood
near
and
in
a
low
place
,
so
as
that
the
Enemies
Ordinance
might
not
annoy
them
:
Whilst
the
Queen
was
conferring
with
Kircadie
,
Bothwell
was
bid
to
shift
for
himself
,
(
for
that
was
it
she
aim'd
a●
by
pretending
a
Conference
)
who
made
such
fearful
haste
to
Dunbar
,
that
he
commanded
two
Horsemen
that
accompanied
him
,
to
return
back
again
,
such
a
load
of
Guilt
lay
upon
his
Mind
,
that
he
could
hardly
trust
his
own
Friends
;
From
whence
he
went
to
the
Orcades
,
and
for
a
time
exercised
Piracy
thereabouts
,
but
being
at
last
pursued
by
some
Scotch
Ships
fitted
out
for
that
purpose
,
he
with
much
ado
made
his
escape
,
and
sailed
for
Denmark
,
where
giving
no
good
account
of
himself
,
whence
he
came
,
or
whither
he
was
bound
,
and
afterward
being
known
of
some
Merchants
,
he
was
clapt
up
a
close
Prisoner
,
where
after
ten
years
nasty
Confinement
,
and
other
Miseries
,
he
at
last
grew
Mad
,
and
came
to
a
Death
suitable
to
his
base
and
wicked
Life
.
The
Queen
,
when
she
thought
he
was
out
of
danger
,
(
though
she
shall
ne'er
see
his
Face
more
)
articled
with
Kircade
,
That
the
rest
of
the
Army
should
march
quietly
home
,
and
so
she
came
with
him
to
the
Nobles
,
Clothed
only
with
a
Tunicle
,
and
that
a
mean
and
threadbare
one
too
,
reaching
but
a
little
below
her
Knees
,
a
sad
spectacle
;
Of
the
Van
of
the
Army
she
was
received
,
not
without
Demonstration
of
their
former
Reverence
;
but
when
she
desired
that
they
would
dismiss
her
,
to
meet
the
Hamiltons
,
who
were
said
to
be
coming
on
,
promising
to
return
again
,
and
commanding
Mor●on
to
undertake
for
her
,
for
she
hoped
by
fair
promises
to
do
what
she
would
,
and
finding
she
could
not
obtain
her
Request
,
she
burst
forth
into
bitter
Language
,
and
upbraided
also
the
Commanders
with
what
she
had
done
for
them
,
which
they
heard
also
with
silence
;
but
when
she
came
to
the
second
Body
,
they
all
unanimously
cried
out
,
Burn
the
Whore
,
burn
the
Parricide
,
and
had
withall
a
sad
spectacle
presented
before
her
Eyes
,
for
the
late
King
her
Husband
was
painted
in
one
of
the
Banners
,
Dead
,
and
his
little
Son
by
him
,
craving
vengeance
of
God
for
the
Murder
;
and
this
Banner
was
carried
before
her
whithersoever
she
went
:
She
Swooned
at
the
first
sight
of
it
,
and
could
scarce
be
kept
upon
her
Horse
,
but
recovering
her self
,
she
remitted
nothing
of
her
former
fierceness
,
uttering
Threats
and
Reproaches
,
shedding
Tears
,
and
manifesting
other
concomitant
Signs
of
Womens
Grief
.
In
her
march
she
made
all
the
delay
she
could
,
expecting
,
if
any
Aid
did
come
from
elsewhere
,
but
none
appear'd
:
At
last
,
she
came
to
Edenburg
a
little
before
Night
her
Face
being
covered
with
Dust
and
Tears
,
as
if
dirt
had
been
cast
upon
it
all
the
People
running
to
see
the
spectacle
:
She
past
through
a
great
part
of
the
City
in
great
silence
,
the
multitude
leaving
her
so
narrow
a
passage
,
that
scarce
one
could
go
a
Breast
;
when
she
was
going
up
to
her
Lodging
,
one
Woman
of
the
Company
prayed
for
her
,
but
she
turning
to
the
People
told
them
,
besides
other
Menaces
,
that
she
would
Burn
the
City
,
and
quench
the
Fire
with
the
Blood
of
the
persidious
Citizens
;
having
got
into
her
Apartment
,
she
shewed
her self
Weeping
out
of
the
Window
,
and
there
was
a
great
concourse
of
People
without
,
some
of
whom
did
Commiserate
the
sudden
change
of
her
Fortune
;
but
it
was
not
long
e'er
the
former
Banner
was
held
out
to
her
,
whereupon
she
shut
the
Window
and
flung
in
After
she
had
been
there
two
days
,
she
was
sent
Prisoner
by
the
Nobles
Order
to
a
Castle
situated
in
Laugh-Le●in
.
But
now
the
whole
Conspiracy
against
the
late
King
comes
out
;
for
while
these
matters
were
thus
agitated
,
Bothwell
had
sent
one
of
his
faithfullest
Servants
into
Edenburg
Castle
,
to
bring
him
a
silver
Cabinet
,
which
had
been
sometimes
Fran●is's
King
of
France
,
as
appear'd
by
the
Cyphers
on
the
out
side
of
it
,
wherein
were
Letters
Writ
,
almost
all
,
with
the
Queen
's
own
Hand
,
in
which
the
King's
Murder
,
and
the
things
that
followed
,
were
clearly
discovered
,
and
it
was
written
in
almost
all
of
them
,
that
as
soon
as
he
had
read
them
,
he
should
burn
them
;
but
Bothwell
knowing
the
Queen's
Inconstancy
,
a●
having
had
many
evident
Examples
of
it
in
a
few
years
,
had
preserved
the
Letters
,
that
so
if
any
difference
should
happen
to
arise
between
them
,
he
might
use
them
as
a
testimony
for
himself
,
and
thereby
declare
,
that
he
was
not
the
Author
,
but
only
a
Party
in
the
King's
Murder
;
Balfour
,
the
Governor
,
did
deliver
the
Cabinet
to
Bothwell's
Servant
,
but
withall
informed
the
Chief
of
the
Adverse
Party
,
what
he
had
sent
,
whither
and
by
whom
;
whereupon
they
took
him
,
and
found
in
the
Letters
great
and
mighty
matters
contained
,
which
though
before
shrewdly
suspected
,
yet
could
never
so
clearly
be
made
forth
:
but
nothing
could
induce
the
Queen
to
separate
her
Interest
from
him
,
and
when
she
was
urged
to
it
with
Reasons
to
her
advantage
;
she
fiercely
answered
,
That
she
would
rather
live
with
him
in
the
utmost
Adversity
,
than
without
him
in
the
Royallest
Condition
.
The
Hamilton's
,
who
were
very
powerful
,
made
some
stir
yet
on
her
behalf
in
opposition
to
the
Adverse
Party
,
who
were
now
going
to
advance
her
Son
,
though
an
Infant
,
into
her
Throne
,
which
she
was
forced
to
submit
to
,
and
to
name
him
Governor
,
whereof
the
Earl
of
Murray
,
though
absent
then
beyond
Sea
,
was
one
,
who
returning
soon
after
,
was
chosen
sole
Regent
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
confirmed
in
the
same
by
the
Authority
of
the
Parliament
that
succeeded
;
but
about
the
Queen
they
differed
in
their
Opinions
;
for
it
appearing
by
many
testimonies
and
proofs
,
especially
by
her
own
Letters
to
Bothwell
,
that
the
whole
Plot
of
the
Bloody
Fact
was
laid
by
her
,
some
being
moved
with
the
Heinousness
of
the
thing
,
and
others
being
afterwards
made
acquainted
therewith
by
her
;
lest
they
themselves
should
be
punished
as
accessary
to
so
odious
a
Crime
,
to
remove
her
testimony
out
of
the
way
,
voted
,
That
she
should
suffer
the
utmost
extremity
of
the
Law
;
but
the
major
part
only
sentenced
her
to
be
kept
a
Prisoner
;
but
though
she
escaped
now
,
the
time
came
wherein
she
lost
her
Head
for
but
attempting
a
Fact
of
the
like
Nature
with
this
she
was
now
charged
with
.
In
the
mean
time
,
the
Hamiltons
,
with
whom
the
Earls
of
Argyle
and
Huntley
joyned
themselves
,
with
some
others
,
were
sollicitous
about
the
Queen's
Restoration
and
Liberty
;
and
the
Queen
,
not
to
be
wanting
on
her
part
,
to
promote
their
Endeavours
,
having
won
some
of
the
Regents
Relations
,
and
bribed
the
Master
of
a
Vessel
,
and
taking
occasion
to
send
her
other
Companions
about
frivolous
Errands
,
was
secretly
by
him
conveyed
out
of
the
Lough
where
she
was
kept
:
Her
escape
being
told
those
who
were
then
at
Dinner
in
the
Castle
,
they
made
a
great
stir
but
to
little
purpose
,
for
all
the
Boats
were
haled
ashore
,
and
their
loop
holes
to
put
out
their
Oars
,
were
all
stopped
up
,
that
so
no
speedy
pursuit
might
be
made
:
She
was
no
sooner
got
out
of
the
Lough
,
but
that
there
were
Horsemen
ready
on
the
other
side
to
receive
her
,
who
carried
her
to
the
several
Houses
of
the
Partisans
in
the
Design
,
and
the
day
after
to
Hamilton
,
a
Town
8
miles
distant
from
Glasgow
,
and
and
at
the
noise
thereof
many
resorted
to
her
,
and
in
a
short
time
she
gathered
an
Army
of
about
6500
men
:
In
the
mean
time
the
Regent
was
not
idle
,
but
got
together
what
force
he
could
at
Glasgow
,
yet
not
enough
to
equal
their
number
;
however
,
understanding
that
the
Enemy
designed
to
march
by
Glasgow
,
and
to
leave
the
Queen
in
Dunbarton
Castle
,
and
so
either
to
fight
or
lengthen
out
the
War
as
they
pleased
;
or
if
they
found
him
to
be
so
bold
as
to
stop
their
passage
,
which
they
believed
he
durst
not
do
,
they
resolved
then
to
Fight
,
and
were
confident
they
should
beat
him
;
and
the
Regent
,
(
I
say
)
understanding
this
,
resolved
to
be
before
hand
with
them
,
and
to
urge
them
to
Fight
as
soon
as
ever
he
could
,
and
to
that
end
drew
out
his
Men
into
the
open
Field
before
the
Town
,
the
way
that
he
thought
the
Enemy
would
march
,
and
there
for
some
hours
waited
for
them
in
Battle
Array
;
but
when
he
saw
their
Troops
pass
by
on
the
other
side
of
the
River
,
he
presently
understood
their
design
,
and
commanded
his
Foot
to
pass
over
the
Bridge
,
and
his
Horse
to
Ford
over
the
River
,
which
they
might
do
,
it
being
low
Water
,
and
so
to
march
to
Langside
,
which
was
a
Village
by
the
River
Carth
,
where
the
Enemy
were
to
pass
,
situated
at
the
foot
of
a
Hill
to
the
South-West
;
the
passage
on
the
East
and
North
was
steep
,
but
on
the
other
side
there
was
a
gentle
descent
into
a
plain
,
thither
the
Regent
and
his
Army
hasted
with
such
speeed
that
they
had
near
possest
the
Hill
before
the
Enemy
,
who
aimed
at
the
same
place
,
understood
their
design
,
tho'
they
marched
thither
by
a
nearer
cut
;
but
there
were
two
things
that
did
very
much
contribute
to
the
advantage
of
the
Regent
and
his
Party
▪
as
they
were
no
less
a
disadvantage
to
the
Queen
and
her
Followers
;
for
the
Earl
of
Argyle
,
who
on
the
Queen's
part
commanded
in
chief
,
fell
suddenly
down
from
his
Horse
,
sick
,
and
by
his
fall
much
retarded
the
march
of
his
Party
;
the
other
was
,
that
their
Forces
being
placed
here
and
there
in
little
Vallies
,
could
never
see
all
their
Enemies
at
once
,
whose
paucity
(
as
indeed
they
were
not
many
)
made
the
other
despise
them
,
and
the
disadvantage
of
the
place
to
:
At
last
,
when
the
Queen's
Forces
drew
nigh
,
and
saw
the
Ground
they
aimed
at
taken
up
by
the
Enemy
,
they
advanced
to
another
little
Hill
over
against
them
,
and
there
divided
their
Party
into
two
Bodies
;
so
did
the
other
Party
into
two
Wings
,
placing
their
Musketeers
in
the
Village
and
Gardens
below
,
near
the
Highway
.
Both
Armies
being
thus
Marshalled
in
Battle
Array
,
the
Queen
's
Cannoneers
and
Foot
were
driven
from
their
Posts
by
the
Regents
Forces
;
on
the
other
hand
the
Regents
Horse
,
being
fewer
in
number
,
were
beat
back
by
the
Enemy
;
and
when
they
had
performed
that
Service
,
they
endeavoured
also
to
break
the
Battalions
of
Foot
,
in
order
whereunto
they
charged
directly
up
the
Hill
,
but
were
beat
back
by
the
Archers
placed
there
,
and
by
some
of
those
who
after
their
rout
,
had
rallied
again
,
and
joyned
with
the
rest
of
their
Body
:
In
the
mean
time
the
Left
Wing
of
the
Enemy
marched
by
the
Highway
,
where
there
was
a
rising
Ground
,
lower
down
into
the
Valley
,
where
tho'
they
were
gall'd
by
the
Regents
Musketeers
,
yet
passing
by
those
straits
,
they
opened
and
rang'd
their
Body
:
There
it
was
the
two
Battalions
held
out
a
thick
stand
of
Pikes
,
as
a
Breast-work
before
them
,
and
fought
desperately
for
half
an
hour
,
without
giving
ground
on
either
side
,
insomuch
that
they
whose
long
Pikes
were
broke
,
threw
Daggers
,
Stands
,
pieces
of
Pikes
,
or
Launces
,
yea
,
whatever
they
could
come
at
,
into
their
Enemies
Faces
;
but
some
of
the
hindermost
Ranks
of
the
Regents
Forces
beginning
to
fly
away
,
(
whither
for
fear
or
treachery
is
uncertain
)
no
doubt
their
flight
had
much
disordered
those
who
stood
to
it
,
unless
the
Ranks
had
been
so
thick
,
that
the
foremost
did
not
well
know
what
the
hindmost
did
;
then
they
which
were
in
the
second
Battalion
,
taking
notice
of
the
danger
,
and
perceiving
no
Enemy
coming
to
Charge
them
,
sent
some
whole
Troops
to
wheel
to
the
Right
,
and
to
joyn
with
the
first
,
whereupon
the
adverse
Party
could
not
bear
their
Charge
,
but
were
wholly
routed
and
put
to
flight
;
but
the
Regent
,
upon
the
pursuit
,
forbid
the
Execution
.
The
Queen
stood
about
a
mile
from
the
place
to
behold
the
Battle
,
and
after
the
discomfiture
,
fled
with
some
Horsemen
of
her
Party
,
who
had
escaped
out
of
the
Battle
,
towards
England
,
(
from
whence
she
shall
never
return
to
see
her
Native
Country
more
)
being
arrived
at
a
place
called
Workinton
in
the
County
of
Cumberland
,
she
dispatched
away
a
Letter
to
Queen
Elizabeth
,
full
of
Complaints
of
hard
usage
in
Scotland
,
and
craving
her
Assistance
and
Protection
,
and
leave
to
come
to
her
;
but
the
Queen
denied
her
access
,
and
ordered
her
to
be
conveyed
to
Carlisle
,
from
whence
she
wrote
again
to
the
Queen
,
which
brought
her
case
under
the
Deliberation
of
the
English
Council
,
who
at
last
resolved
to
detain
her
in
England
;
till
such
time
as
she
should
give
satisfaction
for
Usurping
the
English
Arms
,
and
answered
for
the
Death
of
the
Lord
Darnley
her
Husband
for
Darnley's
Mother
,
the
Countess
of
Lennox
,
had
of
late
grievously
complained
to
Queen
Elizabeth
about
it
,
and
earnestly
besought
her
to
call
her
to
a
Tryal
for
the
Murder
of
her
Son
,
as
Mr.
Cambd●n
in
his
History
of
Queen
Elizabeth
has
it
.
But
because
her
Detention
in
England
might
appear
to
be
just
in
all
Foreign
Courts
,
Secretary
Cecil
,
and
others
of
the
Council
prevailed
with
Murray
the
Scots
Regent
to
come
into
England
,
to
accuse
her
before
such
Commissioners
as
Queen
Elizabeth
should
appoint
,
and
the
place
of
meeting
was
to
be
York
;
and
to
that
end
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
and
the
Earl
of
Sussex
,
with
several
other
Councellors
,
went
to
York
to
hear
the
Regents
accusation
:
It
was
observed
,
the
Duke
delay'd
to
receive
the
Accusation
,
but
at
last
speaks
to
Secretary
Lidington
,
that
before
that
time
he
had
ever
esteemed
him
a
Wise
Man
until
that
time
he
came
before
Strangers
to
accuse
the
Queen
his
Mistress
,
as
if
England
were
Judge
over
the
Princes
of
Scotland
,
but
continued
the
Duke
,
how
could
you
find
in
our
Heart
to
dishonour
the
King's
Mother
,
or
how
could
you
answer
afterward
for
what
you
were
doing
,
seeing
it
tended
to
hazard
the
King
her
Sons
Right
to
England
,
intending
to
bring
his
Mothers
Honesty
in
question
;
it
had
been
rather
the
Duty
of
you
her
Subjects
,
to
cover
her
Imperfections
,
if
she
had
any
,
remitting
to
God
,
and
Time
to
punish
and
put
order
thereto
,
who
is
the
only
Judge
over
Princes
:
Lidingtown
shewing
his
Innocence
and
Desire
to
have
the
accusation
supprest
,
the
Duke
asked
if
the
Regent
could
keep
secret
,
and
being
thereof
assured
by
Lidingtown
,
he
took
occasion
next
day
to
enter
into
a
Conference
with
the
Regent
,
and
after
some
preliminary
Discourse
,
spoke
to
him
to
this
effect
:
That
he
would
be
very
faithful
to
the
Queen
his
Mistress
as
long
as
she
lived
,
but
that
she
was
too
careless
what
might
come
after
her
,
about
the
Peace
and
Welfare
of
her
Country
,
tho'
it
was
the
Interest
of
the
Kingdom
of
England
to
take
greater
notice
thereof
,
by
determining
the
Succession
,
to
prevent
Troubles
that
otherwise
might
ensue
,
that
tho'
they
had
divers
times
essay'd
to
do
something
therein
at
every
Parliament
,
yet
their
Queen
had
evidenced
great
discontent
thereat
,
shewing
thereby
that
she
cared
not
what
Blood
was
shed
after
her
for
the
Right
and
Title
of
the
English
Crown
,
which
consisted
only
in
the
Person
of
the
Queen
and
King
of
Scotland
her
Son
,
which
had
been
put
out
of
doubt
ere
now
if
matters
had
not
fallen
out
,
so
unhappily
at
home
,
and
yet
he
and
other
Noblemen
of
England
,
as
Fathers
of
their
Country
,
were
minded
to
be
careful
thereof
,
watching
their
opportunity
▪
but
that
they
wondred
what
could
move
him
to
come
there
and
accuse
their
Queen
;
for
albeit
she
had
done
or
suffered
▪
harm
to
be
done
to
the
King
her
Husband
yet
there
was
respect
to
be
had
to
the
Prince
her
Son
,
upon
whom
he
and
many
in
England
had
fixed
their
Eyes
,
as
Mr.
M●lvill
,
who
had
been
late
Ambassador
there
could
testifie
▪
he
therefore
wished
that
the
Queen
should
not
be
accused
▪
nor
dishonoured
for
that
to
her
Sons
sake
and
for
respect
to
the
right
both
had
to
succeed
to
the
Crown
of
of
England
,
and
further
the
Duke
said
,
I
am
sent
to
bear
your
Accusation
,
but
neither
will
I
,
nor
the
Queen
my
Mistress
,
give
out
any
Sentence
upon
the
Accusation
,
and
that
you
may
understand
the
verity
of
this
point
more
clearly
,
you
shall
do
well
the
next
time
that
I
require
you
before
the
Council
,
to
give
in
your
Accusation
in
Writing
,
to
demand
again
my
Mistress's
Seal
and
Hand
Writing
,
(
before
you
shew
your
Folly
)
that
in
case
you
accuse
,
she
shall
immediately
Convict
,
and
give
out
her
Sentence
according
to
the
proof
of
the
matter
,
otherwise
that
you
will
not
open
the
Pack
;
which
if
her
Majesty
shall
refuse
to
grant
unto
you
,
which
doubtless
she
will
do
,
then
assure
your self
that
my
Information
is
true
,
and
take
occasion
hereupon
to
stay
from
further
Accusation
.
This
Discourse
catched
the
Regent
,
and
he
promised
to
comply
therewith
in
every
part
,
and
so
at
the
next
meeting
with
the
Council
,
demanded
the
foresaid
security
from
the
Queen
,
before
he
would
give
in
his
Accusation
,
hereupon
they
sent
Post
to
Court
to
know
what
to
do
,
and
the
Queen's
answer
was
,
That
being
a
true
Princess
,
her
Word
and
Promise
would
be
abundantly
sufficient
,
Cecill
and
Wood
(
the
Regents
Secretary
)
were
amazed
at
this
manner
of
procedure
,
and
therefore
it
was
advised
to
desire
the
Lords
on
both
sides
to
come
from
York
to
Court
,
where
the
Queen
was
able
to
give
more
ready
answers
and
resolves
:
In
the
mean
time
,
the
Duke
,
Regent
,
and
Lidingtown
,
put
their
Heads
together
,
and
agreed
,
That
the
Regent
should
by
no
means
consent
to
accuse
the
Queen
,
and
that
the
Duke
should
obtain
to
him
the
Queen's
Favour
,
with
a
Confirmation
of
the
Regency
,
and
so
would
go
on
as
sworn
Brethren
,
the
one
to
Rule
Scotland
,
and
the
other
England
,
&c.
When
the
Regent
was
arrived
at
Hampton-Court
,
where
the
Queen
then
resided
,
he
was
daily
prest
to
give
in
his
Accusation
,
especially
by
those
about
him
,
who
thought
it
strange
,
that
he
should
be
so
slow
,
until
at
length
they
were
advertised
by
one
of
the
Lords
of
the
Queen's
●action
,
of
all
that
had
past
between
the
Regent
,
and
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
for
the
Duke
had
secretly
given
the
Queen
of
Scots
notice
of
what
he
had
done
,
she
to
one
of
her
Confidents
,
who
advertised
the
Earl
of
Morton
of
the
whole
;
Morton
took
it
very
ill
that
the
Regent
should
engage
in
any
such
thing
without
his
knowledge
,
but
before
either
he
or
his
Friends
would
take
upon
them
to
know
any
thing
of
the
matter
,
they
consult
together
and
resolve
to
get
Mr.
John
Wood
to
acquaint
Cecil
with
the
whole
,
desiring
him
to
press
forwards
the
Accusation
,
wherein
of
himself
he
was
abundantly
eager
;
They
left
nothing
and
one
for
their
part
to
effectuate
the
same
,
putting
the
Regent
in
hopes
one
while
,
that
the
Queen
would
give
her
Hand
and
Seal
,
that
she
would
Convict
the
Queen
of
Scots
if
he
accused
her
;
others
of
the
firmest
of
them
▪
persuaded
him
that
she
would
ne'er
give
it
under
Hand
and
Seal
,
designing
thereby
to
distract
him
,
to
see
what
he
would
do
in
case
he
obtain'd
his
Desire
:
Mr.
Wood
said
it
was
fit
to
carry
in
all
the
Writs
to
the
Council
,
and
he
would
keep
the
Accusation
in
his
Bosom
,
and
would
not
deliver
it
till
the
thing
demanded
of
the
Queen
was
first
granted
.
The
rest
of
the
Regents
,
Lords
and
Councellors
,
had
concluded
among
themselves
,
that
as
soon
as
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
as
chief
of
the
Council
,
should
require
the
Accusation
,
they
would
all
with
one
Voice
persuade
the
Regent
to
give
it
in
;
Lidingtown
and
Sir
James
Melvill
prest
the
Regent
to
remember
his
Engagements
to
the
Duke
,
who
replied
,
he
would
do
well
enough
,
and
that
it
would
not
come
to
that
length
;
and
being
accordingly
brought
before
the
Council
,
the
Duke
demanded
the
Accusation
,
the
Regent
required
assurance
from
the
Queen
for
the
Prosecution
,
in
case
he
gave
it
in
〈◊〉
to
this
it
was
answered
as
before
,
that
the
Queen
was
a
true
Princess
,
and
that
her
Word
was
sufficient
,
and
all
the
Council
cryed
,
Would
he
distrust
the
Queen
,
who
had
given
such
proof
of
her
Friendship
to
Scotland
?
The
Regents
Council
chimed
in
with
them
,
and
said
the
same
thing
;
whereupon
Cecill
●ed
,
If
they
had
the
Accusation
there
;
yes
,
says
Mr.
Wood
,
and
with
that
pluckt
it
out
of
his
Bosom
,
but
I
will
not
deliver
it
says
he
till
her
Majesty's
Hand
and
Seal
be
delivered
to
the
Regent
for
what
he
demands
;
he
had
no
sooner
said
the
Words
,
but
the
Bishop
of
Orkney
snatch'd
the
Paper
out
of
his
hand
,
saying
,
Let
me
have
it
,
I
'll
present
it
,
Wood
ran
after
him
,
as
if
he
would
have
taken
him
,
but
up
gets
the
Bishop
to
the
Council
Board
,
and
gives
in
the
Accusation
,
which
made
the
Lord
Chamberlain
of
England
cry
out
,
Well
done
Bishop
,
thou
art
the
frankest
Fellow
among
them
all
,
none
of
them
will
make
thy
leap
good
,
meaning
his
former
leaping
out
of
the
Lord
Grang's
Ship
to
save
himself
;
but
Lidingtown
seeing
the
Regents
unconstancy
,
rounds
him
in
the
Ear
,
that
he
had
disgraced
himself
,
and
put
his
Life
in
danger
by
the
loss
of
so
good
a
Friend
as
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
and
that
he
had
lost
his
Reputation
for
ever
.
The
Regent
soon
repents
his
Folly
,
and
desires
to
have
the
Accusation
again
,
alledging
he
had
some
more
to
add
thereto
;
but
was
answered
,
That
they
would
keep
what
they
had
,
and
were
ready
to
receive
any
addition
he
should
please
to
give
in
:
The
Duke
of
Norfolk
had
much
ado
to
keep
his
Countenance
,
Wood
tip'd
the
wink
upon
Cecil
,
who
smiled
upon
him
again
;
the
Regents
company
were
Laughing
,
only
Lidingtown
had
a
sorrowful
Heart
,
and
the
Regent
himself
left
the
Council
with
Tears
in
his
Eyes
,
and
retired
to
his
Lodgings
at
Kingstown
,
and
continued
there
for
a
long
time
in
great
displeasure
and
fear
,
without
Money
to
spend
,
or
hopes
to
get
any
from
the
Queen
.
In
the
mean
time
,
the
Agreement
between
the
Duke
and
Regent
was
told
the
Queen
:
for
Morton
caused
one
John
Willock
to
declare
what
had
past
between
them
to
the
Earl
of
Huntingdon
,
who
caused
the
Lord
Leicester
to
acquaint
the
Queen
therewith
.
The
Duke
finding
how
all
things
stood
,
thought
to
out-brave
it
,
and
stuck
not
to
tell
the
Queen
her self
,
While
he
lived
he
would
ne'er
Offend
her
,
but
Serve
and
Honour
her
,
and
after
her
,
the
Queen
of
Scots
,
as
in
his
Opinion
,
truest
Heir
,
and
the
only
means
for
saving
of
Civil
Wars
and
much
Bloodshed
that
might
fall
out
;
which
Words
were
as
a
Dagger
to
the
Queen's
Heart
,
though
for
the
time
she
dissembled
her
Displeasure
;
but
to
further
this
great
Man's
Fall
,
though
Sir
Nicholas
Throgmorton
seemed
to
mean
honestly
,
he
got
the
Duke
and
Regent
reconciled
again
,
and
then
the
Duke
declared
to
him
,
that
he
was
resolved
to
marry
the
Queen
of
Scots
,
his
Mistress
,
and
that
he
would
never
permit
her
to
come
into
Scotland
,
nor
yet
that
she
should
ever
Rebel
against
the
Queen
of
England
during
her
time
,
and
also
that
he
had
a
Daughter
who
would
be
a
fitter
Match
for
King
James
than
any
other
for
many
Reasons
,
and
so
procured
the
Sum
of
Two
Thousand
Pounds
from
the
Queen
for
the
Regent
,
for
which
himself
became
security
,
and
was
forced
afterward
to
pay
the
same
:
When
the
Regent
had
got
the
Money
,
he
was
easily
induced
by
some
about
him
,
to
acquaint
the
Queen
with
all
that
had
past
between
the
Duke
and
himself
,
and
withall
engaged
to
transmit
back
unto
her
all
the
Letters
which
the
Duke
should
write
to
him
when
he
came
into
Scotland
,
which
was
done
accordingly
:
The
Duke
was
then
the
greatest
Subject
in
Europe
,
he
Ruled
the
Queen
,
and
all
those
that
were
familiar
with
her
,
and
was
Courted
by
all
Factions
,
both
Protestants
and
Papists
,
both
paying
him
a
very
great
Deference
,
and
at
that
time
commanded
all
the
North
of
England
,
and
it
was
in
his
Power
to
have
set
the
Queen
of
Scots
at
liberty
if
he
had
pleased
;
but
when
the
Queen
had
had
his
Letters
from
Scotland
,
she
sent
for
the
Duke
to
come
to
Court
,
whereupon
he
first
posted
in
haste
to
Secretary
Cecil
,
on
whose
Advice
and
Friendship
he
much
relied
,
who
told
him
,
there
was
no
danger
,
he
might
come
and
go
at
his
Pleasure
,
no
man
would
,
or
durst
offend
him
,
and
so
the
Duke
only
with
his
own
Train
came
to
Court
,
Cecil
in
the
mean
time
informed
the
Queen
,
that
the
necessity
of
the
time
obliged
her
not
to
omit
this
occasion
,
but
to
take
the
matter
stoutly
upon
her self
,
and
forthwith
command
her
Guards
to
lay
hands
upon
the
Duke
,
or
else
no
other
durst
do
it
,
which
if
she
did
not
at
this
time
,
she
would
endanger
the
safety
of
her
Crown
:
The
Queen
embraced
the
Advice
,
and
so
orders
the
Duke
to
be
secured
,
when
he
thought
all
England
was
at
his
Devotion
,
who
after
a
long
Imprisonment
,
was
Executed
,
ending
his
Life
,
(
as
Sir
James
Melvill
says
)
devoutly
in
the
Reformed
Religion
.
From
,
Carlisle
this
forlorne
Queen
was
removed
to
Bolton
,
under
the
custody
of
Sir
Francis
Knowles
,
and
from
thence
to
Tutbury
,
under
the
Care
of
the
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
,
and
in
whose
custody
she
remained
for
the
space
of
Fifteen
years
;
but
the
many
Attempts
made
for
her
Liberty
,
and
other
more
dangerous
suspicions
increasing
against
her
,
caused
her
to
be
committed
to
the
keeping
of
Sir
Anias
Pawlet
,
and
Sir
Drue
Druery
,
where
she
sollicited
with
more
greater
importunity
than
ever
,
the
Bishop
of
Rome
,
and
the
Spaniard
by
Sir
Francis
Inglefield
,
to
hasten
what
they
had
in
hand
with
all
speed
against
the
Queen
of
England
,
whatever
became
of
her
;
and
at
length
,
holding
correspondence
with
Babington
and
the
rest
of
the
Conspirators
against
Queen
Elisabeth's
Life
,
which
you
may
read
in
Cambden's
Elizabeth
at
large
;
this
drew
on
the
fatal
Day
,
whereon
she
was
to
be
called
to
an
account
for
what
she
had
done
;
and
to
this
end
it
was
agreed
to
have
her
Tryed
upon
the
late
Statute
made
against
such
as
should
attempt
any
violence
against
the
Queen's
Person
,
&c.
and
24
Lords
,
and
others
of
inferior
Degree
,
were
Commissionated
by
the
Queen's
Patent
for
her
Tryal
,
who
met
Octob.
11.
1586.
in
Fothringham
Castle
in
the
County
of
Northampton
,
where
the
Queen
of
Scots
was
then
in
custody
,
and
next
day
sent
Sir
Walter
Mildmay
and
others
to
her
,
with
the
Queen's
Letter
about
her
Crimes
and
Tryal
;
which
when
she
had
read
,
she
complained
of
her
ill
usage
,
excused
her
carriage
,
and
seemed
to
question
the
Commissioners
Authority
,
but
they
justify
their
Authority
,
and
advise
her
to
appear
to
her
Tryal
;
but
she
excepted
against
the
new
Law
,
and
required
to
have
her
Protestation
admitted
,
which
was
denied
;
at
length
she
is
brought
on
the
14
th
Day
to
appear
,
to
whom
Bromley
the
Chancellor
made
a
Speech
,
how
Queen
Elizabeth
their
Sovereign
being
informed
of
her
Conspiracies
against
her
Life
,
she
was
now
called
upon
to
Answer
for
the
same
,
and
to
clear
her self
if
she
could
,
and
make
her
Innocency
appear
to
the
World
;
here
she
would
have
urged
her
Protestation
again
,
of
being
no
Subject
of
England
,
but
a
Crowned
Head
,
but
that
being
again
rejected
,
she
submitted
her self
to
a
Trial
,
and
after
a
long
Hearing
,
and
several
proofs
made
of
her
being
privy
to
the
Design
against
the
Queen's
Life
;
and
of
her
intention
to
convey
her
Title
and
Claim
to
the
Kingdom
of
England
,
to
the
Spaniard
,
&c.
The
Court
Adjourned
till
the
25
th
of
October
,
to
the
Star-Chamber
at
Westminster
,
at
what
time
Wacee
and
Curle
her
Secretaries
,
did
viva
voce
,
voluntarily
,
and
without
hope
of
Reward
,
avow
all
and
every
the
Letters
and
Cop●es
of
Letters
produced
at
the
Trial
to
be
True
and
Real
,
upon
which
,
Sentence
was
pronounced
against
her
,
and
Ratified
by
the
Seals
and
Subscriptions
of
the
Commissioners
,
in
these
words
:
By
their
unanimous
Consent
they
do
Pronounce
and
Declare
this
judicial
Verdict
,
and
say
,
that
after
the
end
of
the
said
Parliament
(
specified
in
the
Commission
)
viz.
After
the
first
of
June
in
the
Seven
and
twentieth
year
of
the
Queen
,
divers
Matters
were
compassed
and
imagined
in
England
by
Anthony
Babington
and
others
,
with
the
Privity
of
Mary
Queen
of
Scots
,
pretending
Title
to
the
Crown
of
England
,
tending
to
the
hurt
,
death
and
destruction
of
the
Royal
Person
of
our
Sovereign
Lady
the
Queen
:
and
furthermore
,
that
after
the
said
Day
and
Year
,
and
before
the
Date
of
our
Commission
,
the
said
Mary
,
hath
compassed
and
imagined
in
this
Kingdom
of
England
,
divers
Matters
tending
to
the
hurt
,
death
and
destruction
of
the
Royal
Person
of
our
said
Sovereign
,
against
the
Form
of
the
Statute
specified
in
the
said
Commission
.
Soon
after
a
Parliament
was
called
,
wherein
the
House
of
Peers
,
by
the
Chancellor
,
petitioned
the
Queen
,
that
the
Sentence
might
be
promulgated
;
and
withal
,
besought
Her
Majesty
for
the
Safety
of
Her
Person
and
Kingdoms
,
to
execute
Justice
on
the
Queen
of
Scots
;
the
Queen
in
her
Answer
,
shewed
a
great
reluctancy
to
cut
her
off
;
but
concluded
with
Her
Thanks
for
their
Care
and
Advice
;
but
in
a
case
of
so
great
consequence
,
said
,
She
would
not
be
rash
,
but
consider
,
and
some
Twelve
days
after
desir'd
the
Parliament
to
consult
some
other
way
of
Safety
,
and
to
spare
the
Queen
of
Scots
,
but
they
persisted
in
their
former
Advice
,
so
that
some
time
after
the
Sentence
was
proclaimed
throughout
London
,
and
all
the
Kingdom
:
King
James
upon
the
news
,
sends
one
Kieth
to
Queen
Elisabeth
,
to
intercede
on
his
Mothers
behalf
,
and
after
him
came
the
Master
of
Gray
,
and
Sir
Robert
Melvill
,
to
whom
She
said
,
She
was
sorry
no
way
could
be
found
out
,
to
Save
their
King's
Mother
,
and
secure
her
own
Life
;
they
offer
Pledges
of
the
Scots
Nobility
for
Her
Security
;
and
wondred
what
should
move
any
Man
to
attempt
any
thing
against
Her
Majesty
for
Queen
Mary's
sake
;
because
,
said
Queen
Elisabeth
,
they
think
She
shall
succeed
me
,
and
She
a
Papist
;
they
to
salve
this
Proposed
,
that
the
Right
of
Succession
might
be
made
over
in
King
James's
Person
,
and
this
would
cut
off
the
hopes
of
the
Papists
,
and
they
were
sure
Queen
Mary
would
readily
resign
all
her
Right
to
Her
Son
;
but
Queen
Elisabeth
urged
,
She
had
no
Right
,
being
Declar'd
uncapable
of
Succession
,
tho'
the
Papists
would
not
allow
her
Declaration
,
and
this
brought
them
again
to
press
the
Resignation
,
but
the
Earl
of
Liecester
,
who
stood
by
,
objected
,
that
Queen
Mary
being
a
prisoner
,
she
could
not
deny
't
:
the
Scots
Answer
,
That
it
being
made
to
her
Son
,
with
the
Advice
of
all
her
Friends
in
Europe
,
in
case
Queen
Elisabeth
should
miscarry
,
none
will
partake
with
the
Mother
against
her
Son
,
&c.
Here
the
Queen
misunderstanding
the
Ambassador's
meaning
,
was
told
that
the
King
would
be
in
his
Mother's
Place
;
Say
you
so
,
said
she
,
'Sdeath
,
that
were
to
cut
my
own
Throat
;
he
shall
ne'r
come
to
that
place
and
be
Party
with
me
;
and
added
,
Well
,
tell
your
King
what
I
have
done
for
him
to
keep
the
Crown
on
his
Head
,
since
he
was
Born
,
and
for
my
part
,
I
shall
keep
the
League
betwixt
us
,
and
if
he
break
it
,
it
shall
be
a
double
Fault
,
and
in
passion
got
away
;
Melvill
followed
her
,
praying
respite
of
Execution
;
not
an
Hour
,
said
she
,
and
so
they
parted
.
Some
time
after
she
Signed
a
Warrant
for
a
Mandate
fitted
for
the
Great
Seal
,
for
her
Execution
,
and
entrusted
the
same
with
Davidson
,
one
of
her
Secretaries
,
to
be
in
a
readiness
in
case
of
danger
;
but
he
too
hastily
got
it
to
pass
the
Seal
,
which
some
said
,
she
would
afterwards
have
recalled
,
but
was
prevented
by
the
earnest
prosecution
of
Beal
,
Clerk
of
the
Council
,
who
was
sent
by
them
to
the
Earls
of
Shrewsbury
,
Kent
,
Derby
and
Cumberland
,
to
take
care
of
her
Execution
,
unknown
to
the
Queen
;
for
it
was
said
,
that
she
should
tell
Davidson
at
that
instant
that
she
was
resolved
of
another
way
then
by
death
;
the
Earls
arriving
at
Fotheringham
Castle
in
Northamptonshire
,
where
she
was
detained
,
gave
her
notice
on
Monday
,
Feb.
6.
1586.
to
prepare
for
Death
the
Wednesday
next
following
,
but
one
;
when
the
fatal
day
came
,
she
was
cloathed
in
Black
,
had
an
Agnus
Dei
about
her
Neck
,
a
pair
of
Beads
at
her
Girdle
,
with
a
Golden
Cross
at
the
end
of
them
,
and
so
passed
through
the
Hall
,
and
mounted
the
Scaffold
,
raised
Two
Foot
high
,
and
Twelve
broad
,
Railed
about
,
with
a
low
Stool
,
a
Cushion
,
and
a
Block
,
all
covered
with
Black
;
being
set
down
,
the
Lords
and
the
Sheriffs
of
the
County
stood
on
her
Right
Hand
,
Sir
Annias
Paulet
and
Drewry
on
her
Left
;
the
two
Executioners
,
one
the
Common
Hangman
of
London
,
and
the
other
of
the
County
,
standing
before
her
,
and
the
Knights
and
Gentlemen
placed
round
about
without
the
Rail
;
Silence
being
made
,
the
Clerk
of
the
Council
,
having
read
the
Commission
for
her
Execution
,
the
People
shouted
and
cryed
,
God
Save
our
Queen
;
then
Dr.
Fletcher
,
Dean
of
Peterborough
standing
before
her
,
gave
her
several
Godly
Exhortations
,
as
preparatory
for
her
Death
,
but
she
little
regarded
him
,
and
at
last
interrupted
him
,
saying
he
needed
not
trouble
himself
,
that
she
was
a
Roman
Catholick
,
and
so
forth
,
then
the
Earls
offered
to
join
in
Prayer
with
her
,
that
she
might
be
enlightned
in
the
true
Faith
,
but
that
she
refused
to
do
,
saying
,
she
would
use
her
own
Devotions
;
then
they
required
the
Dean
to
Pray
,
who
did
it
with
an
audible
Voice
,
the
Queen
all
the
while
sitting
on
her
Stool
,
with
a
Latin
Prayer
Book
in
her
Hand
,
a
Crucifix
and
a
pair
of
Beads
,
and
not
minding
what
he
said
;
when
the
Dean
had
done
,
the
Queen
with
her
own
People
,
all
in
Tears
Prayed
aloud
in
Latin
,
and
concluded
her self
with
an
English
Prayer
,
professing
to
be
Saved
by
Christ's
Blood
,
and
thereupon
kissed
the
Crucifix
;
then
her
Women
begun
to
undress
her
,
and
one
of
the
Executioners
taking
from
her
Neck
the
Agnus
Dei
tyed
behind
,
the
Queen
laid
hold
on
it
,
gave
it
to
her
Women
,
saying
,
he
should
have
Money
;
but
she
suffered
them
and
her
Women
to
take
off
her
Chain
and
Apparrel
in
some
haste
,
always
smiling
,
and
put
off
her
strait
Sleeves
with
her
own
Hands
,
hindring
the
Fellow
who
rudely
offer'd
at
it
,
to
do
it
;
and
now
being
in
her
Petticoat
and
Kirtle
,
prepared
for
Death
;
she
crossed
and
kissed
her
Women
,
who
were
lamentably
skreeking
and
crying
,
and
crossed
also
her
Men-Servants
who
stood
without
the
Rails
,
and
then
kneeled
upon
her
Cushion
,
saying
in
Latin
the
whole
Psalm
,
In
te
Domine
confido
,
ne
eoufundas
in
aeternum
,
and
groping
for
the
Block
,
laid
down
her
Head
,
putting
her
Chin
over
the
Block
with
both
her
Hands
,
and
held
them
there
,
which
might
have
been
cut
off
with
her
Head
,
had
they
not
been
timely
espyed
:
being
thus
fixed
,
while
one
of
the
Executioners
gently
held
her
down
,
the
other
,
with
two
stroaks
with
the
Axe
,
severed
her
Head
from
her
Body
,
leaving
only
a
little
Gristle
uncut
,
without
the
least
stir
or
motion
of
the
Body
;
and
lifting
up
her
Head
,
said
,
God
Save
our
Queen
;
her
Lips
moved
for
about
a
Quarter
of
an
Hour
after
,
and
her
Head-Cloaths
falling
off
,
her
Head
appeared
as
Grey
as
if
shee
had
been
Seventy
years
old
,
whereas
she
was
but
Forty
six
.
Having
thus
brought
this
unhappy
Queen
to
her
fatal
Catastrophe
,
we
now
return
to
her
Son
James
VI.
who
notwithstanding
afterward
his
vain
●oast
of
his
inherent
Birth-right
,
when
he
came
to
be
King
of
England
,
during
her
long
Captivity
in
England
,
being
above
18
years
,
possest
her
Throne
in
Scotland
;
he
was
Born
on
the
19
th
of
June
,
in
the
year
1566
,
and
about
Fourteen
Months
after
Crowned
King
in
his
Mother's
stead
,
she
being
forced
by
the
Nobles
to
resign
to
him
.
The
Kingdom
,
during
some
part
of
his
Minority
,
was
Governed
by
the
Earl
of
Murray
,
as
Regent
,
but
he
being
murthered
basely
by
one
Hamilton
at
Lithgow
;
Matthew
Stuart
Earl
of
Lenox
,
the
King's
Grandfather
was
advanced
into
his
room
;
during
whose
Regency
two
Factions
continued
as
before
,
the
one
for
the
young
King
,
and
the
other
for
the
Deposed
Queen
:
but
by
the
means
of
Sir
James
Melvill
and
others
,
the
Queen
was
brought
upon
the
point
of
Agreement
with
the
Regent
;
but
the
Earl
of
Morton
returning
to
Court
,
he
and
Randolph
the
English
Ambassador
suspecting
the
probability
of
such
an
apparent
agreement
,
which
had
been
kept
secret
from
them
,
they
fell
a
plotting
which
way
to
obstruct
the
same
,
and
resolved
,
as
the
most
probale
means
to
have
a
Parliament
convened
,
and
therein
got
all
the
Queens
Lords
forefaulted
,
whereby
the
Regent
should
utterly
ruin
the
ancient
Families
of
the
Hamiltons
;
and
this
would
afford
a
bait
to
every
one
of
the
King's
Lords
,
seeing
they
should
be
made
sharers
of
the
spoil
,
and
every
one
of
them
get
wealth
enough
;
Mr.
Randolph
for
their
incouragement
,
gave
them
assurance
from
England
,
so
as
they
needed
not
fear
any
resistance
from
their
Adversaries
;
and
Morton
to
clench
the
Nail
,
First
represented
in
Council
,
that
the
Queen's
Lords
had
an
intention
to
re-establish
Popery
;
upon
which
Allegation
he
knew
he
would
make
them
odious
to
the
generality
of
the
People
,
and
upon
their
being
Forefaulted
,
that
each
of
them
should
have
a
share
of
the
said
Lord's
Estates
,
which
brought
the
Council
readily
to
consent
to
a
Parliament
,
to
be
held
at
Sterling
to
the
same
purpose
.
The
Queen's
Lords
to
be
even
with
them
,
held
another
Parliament
at
Edenburgh
,
at
the
same
time
,
and
with
the
same
Design
of
Forefaulting
,
as
the
King's
Lords
;
in
the
mean
time
the
Laird
of
Grainge
was
highly
concerned
at
those
violent
proceedings
,
wherefore
he
sent
for
the
Laird
of
Fer
in
haste
,
and
Buccleugh
,
to
come
to
him
one
Evening
to
Edenburg
with
a
good
Guard
along
with
them
,
and
tell
them
,
according
to
the
projection
had
already
devised
,
that
that
same
Night
after
they
had
Supped
,
and
fed
heir
Horses
,
they
should
ride
with
them
to
Sterling
,
so
as
to
be
there
early
in
the
Morning
,
before
any
of
the
Lords
who
held
the
Parliament
were
out
of
their
Beds
,
hoping
by
the
Intelligence
he
had
received
,
assuredly
to
surprize
them
before
they
could
be
advertised
thereof
:
the
Project
they
all
readily
agreed
to
,
but
they
would
not
allow
Grange
to
go
along
with
them
,
for
fear
any
disaster
should
befall
him
,
who
was
the
Life
of
them
all
,
and
so
on
they
march
,
under
the
Leading
of
the
Earl
of
Huntley
,
and
some
others
,
and
were
got
to
Sterling
by
Four
next
Morning
,
whereinto
they
entred
by
a
little
passage
,
being
conducted
by
a
Townsman
,
one
George
Bell
;
which
entry
of
theirs
,
was
immediately
after
their
Night
watches
had
retired
to
their
Rest
;
they
divided
their
Men
into
several
Partys
,
and
appointed
such
as
they
thought
meetest
at
every
Lord's
Lodgings
;
leaving
one
body
under
Capt.
Hackerston
at
the
Market-Cross
,
to
see
good
Order
kept
,
and
to
prevent
any
spoil
to
be
committed
;
only
they
ordered
the
Stables
to
be
searched
,
and
all
the
Horses
in
the
Town
to
be
carried
away
,
which
was
punctually
executed
;
but
because
Captain
Hackerstown
did
not
come
in
due
time
with
his
Company
,
to
attend
at
the
Market-Cross
according
to
appointment
,
a
Company
of
unruly
Servants
broke
open
the
Shops
,
and
run
up
and
down
to
take
what
spoil
they
could
get
;
in
the
mean
while
,
after
they
had
taken
out
all
the
Lords
from
their
Lodgings
,
and
were
leading
of
them
prisoners
down
the
steep
Causey
of
Sterling
,
on
foot
,
intending
to
take
them
Horses
at
the
Nether-Gate
,
and
to
ride
to
Edenburg
with
their
Captives
;
those
within
the
Castle
hearing
the
noise
of
the
Townsmen
crying
out
,
because
of
the
plundering
of
their
Houses
,
and
considering
what
a
disgrace
it
would
be
to
them
,
if
they
did
not
shew
themselves
Men
upon
such
an
occasion
;
they
Sallied
out
boldly
,
and
perceiving
the
disorder
of
the
Enemy
,
rescued
all
the
Prisoners
saving
the
Regent
,
whom
one
shot
in
the
Back
,
at
the
Command
(
as
was
alleged
)
of
the
Lord
Pachey
;
he
died
of
the
Wound
some
days
after
.
The
next
Regent
was
the
Earl
of
Mar
,
the
Discord
still
continued
:
His
Government
held
not
long
,
for
being
one
day
invited
to
Dinner
by
the
Earl
of
Morton
,
he
returned
home
and
sickned
,
died
soon
after
,
not
without
vehement
suspicion
of
having
been
poisoned
at
his
Banquet
.
Morton
came
in
after
him
Regent
,
the
Division
between
the
Lords
not
yet
made
up
,
some
Overtures
of
an
Accommodation
were
made
,
but
the
Queen's
Lords
finding
the
Regent
not
sincere
in
all
Respects
,
refused
the
Agreement
,
and
were
at
last
Besieged
in
Edinburgh
Castle
by
an
English
Army
,
which
they
surrendred
upon
Articles
that
were
basely
broke
,
and
most
of
them
executed
:
The
King
now
growing
up
,
began
to
hate
the
Regent
,
he
being
aware
of
it
,
●ed
those
about
him
to
infuse
in
him
a
good
Opinion
of
him
,
but
in
vain
,
and
so
a
Council
was
appointed
at
Edenburg
,
wherein
it
was
agreed
to
Depose
him
,
Morton
thereupon
retires
to
the
House
of
Lochleven
,
within
the
Lough
for
his
greater
security
;
but
while
he
was
there
his
Head
was
continually
a
plodding
how
he
might
again
become
Master
of
the
Court
then
at
Sterling
,
which
he
accomplished
in
the
dead
of
one
night
,
in
this
manner
.
When
he
came
to
the
Gates
of
the
Castle
,
they
were
opened
to
him
by
the
two
Abbots
,
and
a
Faction
they
had
drawn
in
there
with
them
,
though
the
Master
of
Mar
and
Earl
of
Argyle
made
what
resistance
they
could
;
yet
Morton
prevailed
,
but
handled
the
matter
so
discreetly
and
moderately
as
possible
he
could
,
that
the
alteration
might
not
appear
to
be
over
sharp
or
violent
;
but
the
Lord
Aubonie
,
about
that
same
time
coming
into
Scotland
from
France
,
which
Lord
was
afterward
Created
Duke
of
Lennox
,
and
was
Brothers
Son
to
the
late
Earl
of
Lennox
:
He
and
James
Steward
of
Oghiltrie
,
did
in
a
short
time
gain
the
ascendency
over
the
King's
Affections
,
who
was
like
a
Tennis-Ball
tossed
from
one
Favourite
to
another
,
all
his
days
,
they
framed
an
Accusation
against
Morton
,
and
got
him
committed
to
Edinburgh
Castle
,
from
whence
in
a
short
time
he
was
brought
to
his
Tryal
and
Condemned
,
for
having
an
hand
in
the
Lord
Darnley
,
the
King's
Father's
Murder
;
that
he
was
privy
to
the
same
he
did
not
deny
at
his
Execution
,
and
withall
confessed
,
that
he
had
a
design
to
send
the
young
King
into
England
for
his
Safety
;
and
so
there
's
another
Governor
gone
,
who
was
the
fourth
and
last
,
and
every
one
whereof
died
a
violent
Death
:
and
now
the
King
assumes
the
Government
himself
,
and
if
he
was
unhappy
during
the
time
of
the
Regency
,
I
think
it
will
appear
it
was
no
better
with
him
ever
after
,
for
he
himself
was
as
much
governed
now
by
his
Favourites
and
Sycophants
,
as
the
Kingdom
had
been
by
a
Regent
;
and
the
first
into
whose
Hands
he
fell
,
was
Aubonie
,
now
Created
Duke
of
Lennox
,
and
a
Papist
,
and
the
aforesaid
James
Steward
,
who
assumed
to
himself
the
Style
and
Title
,
and
then
the
Earldom
of
Arran
;
These
two
led
him
by
the
Nose
at
their
Pleasure
,
and
carried
all
things
with
an
high
Hand
,
lording
it
over
the
rest
of
the
Nobility
,
and
aiming
at
their
Estates
,
which
made
them
begin
to
look
about
them
,
and
concluding
after
serious
Consultation
,
that
from
two
such
Counsellors
no
wholsome
Advice
could
proceed
for
the
Peace
of
the
Country
,
and
Establishment
of
Religion
,
but
rather
,
if
they
were
suffered
to
go
on
still
,
both
the
one
and
the
other
would
be
endangered
▪
they
resolve
to
remove
them
▪
The
King
was
at
that
time
designing
to
go
from
Athol
to
Dumfermling
to
take
his
usual
Divertisement
of
Hunting
,
where
the
Lords
designed
to
encounter
him
with
a
supplication
full
of
Complaints
,
against
the
Duke
and
Earl
,
with
pressing
Instances
for
the
removing
of
them
;
and
least
their
supplication
should
miscarry
,
they
backt
it
with
strong
Forces
which
could
not
be
resisted
;
The
King
had
but
a
very
few
attendance
at
Dumfermling
,
for
Lennox
staid
at
Dalkeith
,
and
Arran
at
Kinweel
,
and
several
of
the
Council
were
gone
to
hold
the
Assizes
in
divers
Shires
of
the
Country
;
Sir
James
Melvill
was
at
Edenburgh
,
whither
a
Gentleman
one
morning
came
to
his
Bed-side
,
and
told
him
,
that
he
had
formerly
done
him
several
kindnesses
,
which
till
then
he
was
never
able
to
recompence
,
but
that
now
he
would
make
him
an
Instrument
of
saving
the
King
his
Master
out
of
the
Hands
of
those
who
were
upon
an
enterprise
to
take
and
secure
him
;
Melvill
replied
,
he
could
hardly
believe
such
a
thing
,
but
that
he
feared
the
Duke
of
Lennox
might
be
in
danger
,
who
was
gone
to
Glasgow
,
because
of
the
Hatred
that
was
bore
to
him
by
the
Nobility
;
The
Gentleman
subjoyned
,
they
will
lay
hands
first
on
the
King's
Person
,
and
then
the
Duke
,
and
Earl
of
Arran
dare
no
more
be
seen
,
their
insolency
being
looked
upon
as
the
Cause
of
almost
all
the
Disorders
of
the
Nation
;
and
when
he
had
so
said
,
he
desired
the
King
might
be
acquainted
with
the
matter
,
but
to
have
his
Name
concealed
from
him
,
for
he
said
,
that
design
would
be
put
in
execution
in
ten
days
time
,
and
as
Sir
James
started
up
to
put
on
his
Cloaths
,
he
slipt
out
at
the
door
with
a
short
farewell
.
Sir
James
upon
this
Information
rides
with
all
the
expedition
imaginable
to
Dalkeith
,
where
the
Duke
of
Lennox
then
was
,
and
laid
the
whole
matter
open
before
him
,
and
advised
him
withal
to
lose
no
time
,
but
to
Ride
to
the
King
to
give
him
notice
,
that
he
might
make
timely
provision
for
his
own
security
;
but
the
Duke
chose
rather
to
dispatch
a
Gentleman
with
all
possible
diligence
to
the
King
upon
that
Occasion
,
and
wished
Sir
James
to
write
to
the
Earl
of
Gaury
about
the
same
,
for
it
seems
the
Gentleman
that
gave
him
the
first
Information
of
the
Plot
,
had
not
named
Gaury
with
the
rest
of
the
Lords
to
him
,
either
out
of
forgetfulness
,
or
else
because
he
had
been
but
lately
won
over
to
the
Party
by
the
Land
of
Drumwhafel
,
who
had
assured
him
that
Lennox
had
resolved
to
kill
him
whereever
he
met
him
,
and
used
this
as
a
convincing
argument
to
Embark
the
Earl
in
the
same
Cause
;
but
however
matters
fell
out
,
the
Lords
receded
from
their
first
Resolution
of
presenting
their
supplication
as
aforesaid
,
and
would
not
tarry
〈◊〉
the
King
came
to
Dumferling
,
but
they
surprised
him
at
Huntingtown-House
,
which
was
the
Earl
of
Gaury's
,
its
uncertain
whether
it
were
not
done
with
a
design
to
imbark
the
Earl
more
deeply
in
their
Bond
,
or
that
fearing
least
the
design
was
discovered
,
they
made
the
greater
haste
to
execute
the
same
,
by
seising
the
King
there
,
which
was
afterward
called
the
Road
of
Ruthven
:
The
King
is
once
more
a
Prisoner
,
and
the
Lords
conduct
him
to
Sterling-Castle
,
where
he
is
kept
for
a
time
:
In
the
mean
while
,
the
French
King
and
Queen
Elizabeth
by
their
Ambassadors
,
make
Instances
for
his
Liberty
,
and
Condole
his
Misfortune
;
but
so
hen-hearted
was
he
,
that
he
ordered
their
Ambassadors
to
declare
to
their
respective
Princes
,
that
he
was
well
satisfied
with
the
Lords
that
were
about
him
,
that
they
were
his
own
Subjects
,
&c.
and
when
the
Lords
called
a
Council
to
resolve
what
course
to
take
,
he
agreed
with
them
to
form
an
Act
,
declaring
,
That
what
they
had
done
was
good
service
to
himself
,
the
Kirk
,
and
Commonwealth
;
though
Mr.
Carey
,
who
I
think
was
afterward
Created
Earl
of
Monmouth
,
whispered
him
in
the
Ear
,
and
desired
him
to
tell
the
plain
Truth
,
which
he
engaged
to
conceal
from
all
others
whatsoever
,
and
only
acquaint
the
Queen
his
Mistress
therewith
,
he
told
him
his
Heart
was
full
fraught
with
Grief
and
Displeasure
at
his
Misfortune
.
The
Lords
having
thus
effected
their
purpose
,
as
having
now
rid
the
Court
of
the
Duke
of
Lennox
,
who
fled
into
France
.
and
the
Earl
of
Arran
,
whom
they
committed
to
the
Custody
of
the
Earl
of
Gaury
,
most
of
them
withdrew
from
the
Court
to
their
respective
homes
,
whereupon
the
King
retaining
a
displeasure
still
in
his
Heart
towards
them
,
takes
occasion
to
appoint
a
Convention
to
be
held
at
St.
Andrews
,
whereunto
by
Missive
Letters
he
invited
some
of
the
Nobility
,
but
none
of
the
Lords
that
had
lately
left
him
,
designing
thereby
to
get
loose
out
of
their
Hands
,
and
to
retain
about
him
such
Lords
as
he
had
written
for
;
and
notwithstanding
some
about
him
endeavoured
to
divert
him
from
the
said
Resolution
,
alledging
the
fresh
Jealousie
that
would
be
Created
in
the
absent
Lords
by
such
a
procedure
,
and
with
all
the
Power
they
had
to
be
revenged
of
the
conceived
affront
,
he
rejected
the
advice
;
wherefore
for
the
better
management
of
his
design
,
it
was
thought
expedient
,
that
he
should
go
a
few
days
to
St.
Andrews
,
before
the
Convention
was
to
meet
,
that
being
once
there
,
a
Proclamation
might
be
issued
out
to
forbid
any
Nobleman
whatsoever
to
come
to
the
said
Convention
without
express
Orders
from
the
King
so
to
do
,
and
to
this
end
,
it
was
contrived
,
that
the
Earl
of
March
should
give
him
an
invitation
to
be
at
the
place
two
or
three
days
before
the
time
,
under
pretence
,
that
the
preparations
he
had
made
of
Wild
Meats
,
and
other
things
,
for
his
Reception
,
would
be
spoiled
,
if
he
came
not
somewhat
sooner
than
the
appointed
day
,
(
a
silly
excuse
)
but
on
he
goes
contrary
to
the
advice
of
some
about
him
,
who
were
sensible
of
the
inconveniencies
that
might
attend
it
,
especially
since
the
Lords
,
whom
he
had
summoned
could
not
be
there
so
soon
,
and
when
he
arrived
at
St.
Andrews
,
he
took
up
his
Lodgings
at
an
old
Inn
,
whose
greatest
security
was
the
Yard
Dykes
,
of
little
consideration
;
Melvil
,
who
saw
the
vanity
of
such
doings
,
goes
to
the
Provost
to
see
what
force
he
could
make
for
the
Kings
security
,
in
case
he
were
exposed
to
any
danger
,
who
answered
very
few
,
and
those
not
to
be
relied
upon
,
but
returning
to
the
King
,
and
believing
,
that
the
Proclamation
had
been
made
,
that
no
Man
should
come
to
the
Convention
unsent
for
;
he
found
the
Abbot
of
Dumfermling
,
and
the
Earl
of
Marshal
there
;
the
Abbot
,
who
was
of
the
contrary
Faction
,
yet
did
by
his
Wit
and
Dissembling
Practices
,
so
manage
the
King
,
that
the
Proclamation
was
not
only
stopped
,
but
Missive
Letters
sent
to
the
rest
of
the
Nobility
to
come
,
but
under
the
Restriction
that
each
Nobleman
should
come
attended
with
no
more
than
two
Persons
;
Some
of
his
Adherents
,
who
foresaw
this
would
unravel
the
whole
design
,
reminded
him
of
the
danger
,
and
advised
him
to
retire
into
the
Castle
,
which
they
could
not
persuade
him
to
do
till
after
Supper
:
Next
day
,
all
the
Lords
,
as
well
written
as
unwritten
for
,
came
to
St.
Andrews
,
the
latter
strongly
armed
,
and
the
others
not
:
The
Abbot
,
who
was
with
the
King
in
the
Castle
,
pretending
all
manner
of
Zeal
for
his
Service
,
advised
him
to
let
none
of
the
Lords
come
within
the
Castle
accompanied
with
any
more
than
twelve
Persons
,
which
(
tho'
he
were
now
in
a
place
of
security
,
if
well
managed
)
had
like
to
have
brought
him
again
into
a
State
of
Captivity
;
for
the
next
morning
the
Castle
was
full
of
Men
,
and
the
contrary
Party
being
well
Armed
,
had
already
possest
themselves
of
the
Stair-Head
and
Galleries
,
resolving
a
second
time
to
be
Masters
of
the
King
and
all
his
Followers
;
but
the
Earl
of
March
,
his
Gentlemen
,
with
the
Provosts
Men
,
and
some
others
,
got
thither
with
such
diligence
,
that
the
design
was
rendered
Abortive
for
that
time
,
so
that
next
day
the
King
for
fear
of
a
further
surprise
,
gave
them
fair
Words
,
promising
all
alike
there
of
his
Favour
and
Protection
,
which
for
the
time
seemed
to
give
Contentment
to
all
the
parties
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Earl
of
Arran
got
the
Favour
to
be
confined
in
his
own
House
at
Kinneall
,
from
whence
he
sends
to
Congratulate
his
Majesty's
safe
deliverance
,
begging
leave
to
come
to
Court
to
kiss
the
King's
Hand
,
which
for
the
time
was
deninied
,
but
he
still
persisting
in
his
Sollicitation
,
by
the
help
of
some
Friends
,
and
promising
to
make
no
manner
of
stay
,
but
to
withdraw
again
to
his
Habitation
;
the
King
,
whose
Affections
were
still
towards
him
,
and
Born
it
seems
to
be
ruled
by
others
,
tho'
he
could
not
chuse
but
know
he
was
obnoxious
to
the
whole
Kingdom
,
and
had
been
a
principal
Cause
of
the
King
's
former
confinement
,
grants
him
leave
;
the
Earl
had
no
sooner
access
,
no
more
thought
of
his
Promise
,
but
staid
not
only
at
Court
,
but
in
a
short
time
altered
all
the
ways
of
procedure
,
with
a
design
to
draw
the
management
of
all
publick
Affairs
to
himself
,
as
before
;
this
was
a
great
mortification
to
many
about
the
King
,
and
Colonel
Steward
resented
it
highly
,
saying
,
That
if
his
Majesty
suffered
that
Villain
to
remain
at
Court
,
he
would
yet
again
undo
all
;
but
at
last
they
were
reconciled
and
became
great
Friends
,
and
from
henceforward
the
Earl
managed
the
King
,
Council
,
and
all
other
Affairs
of
the
Kingdom
,
as
despotically
,
as
if
he
had
been
Grand
Signior
,
or
Mayor
of
the
Palace
in
France
,
the
King
was
easily
induced
by
him
to
spend
most
of
his
time
a
Hunting
,
and
to
be
content
with
whatever
Relation
he
gave
him
of
the
Publick
Affairs
;
and
when
he
had
gained
this
point
,
he
bent
his
whole
force
for
to
ruin
the
Ruthwen
Road
Lords
,
notwithstanding
the
Publick
Faith
given
them
for
their
Indemnity
;
Queen
Elizabeth
about
this
time
sent
to
King
James
a
sharp
Letter
concerning
his
mismanagement
of
his
Affairs
,
and
promised
to
send
Sir
Francis
Walsingham
into
Scotland
,
by
whom
,
she
said
,
she
intended
to
deal
with
him
as
an
Affectionate
Sister
,
and
one
from
whom
he
might
see
he
should
receive
Honour
and
Contentment
,
with
more
safety
to
himself
and
Kingdom
,
than
by
following
the
pernicious
Councils
of
those
crafty
dissembling
Advisers
about
him
;
but
there
was
nothing
could
stop
the
career
of
this
mighty
Favourite
Arran
,
who
obtains
the
Government
of
Sterling-Castle
to
the
rest
,
and
banished
several
Noblemen
,
as
the
Earls
of
Mar
,
Angus
,
&c.
and
by
his
insolent
behaviour
,
drove
the
Noble
Earl
of
Gawry
,
and
almost
all
other
honest
Men
from
Court
at
length
Walsingham
arrived
,
who
after
he
had
been
with
the
King
,
and
pursued
his
Instructions
,
prepared
to
return
home
;
Arran
would
fain
have
entred
into
a
familiar
Conference
with
him
,
but
Sir
Francis
disdained
to
speak
with
him
;
the
other
enraged
with
the
conceived
affront
,
and
finding
no
other
way
of
Revenge
,
but
what
must
bring
great
dishonour
upon
the
King
,
(
a
poor
tool
to
suffer
it
)
gave
Orders
that
the
Captains
of
Berwick
,
and
several
worthy
Gentlemen
who
came
to
convoy
Secretary
Walsingham
,
should
not
be
suffered
to
enter
into
the
King's
Presence-Chamber
;
and
not
content
herein
,
when
the
King
had
ordered
a
rich
Diamond
,
to
the
value
of
700
Crowns
to
be
given
to
the
Secretary
;
instead
thereof
,
the
Earl
puts
a
scornful
Present
upon
him
,
of
a
Ring
with
a
Chrystal
stone
sett
therein
only
;
a
Presumption
undoubtedly
,
that
Harry
8.
would
have
punisheed
with
the
loss
of
his
Head
,
had
the
Earl
been
his
Subject
:
but
this
way
of
procedure
was
so
far
from
exciting
the
King
to
vindicate
his
own
Honour
,
which
was
abominably
blemish'd
hereby
,
that
when
he
was
determined
to
go
to
Edenburg
to
call
a
Convention
of
the
Estates
,
more
Honours
must
be
put
upon
the
Earl
;
for
to
that
of
the
Government
of
Sterling-Castle
,
already
in
his
Hands
,
was
added
that
of
Edenburg
Castle
,
the
two
most
important
Fortresses
in
the
Kingdom
;
and
least
a
Military
Power
was
not
yet
sufficient
both
for
his
Greatness
and
Security
,
he
gets
himself
Declared
Lord
Chancellor
,
and
so
Head
of
the
Civil
Power
in
the
Kingdom
;
and
now
he
Triumphs
,
making
the
whole
Subjects
tremble
under
him
,
and
by
daily
seeking
out
,
and
inventing
new
crimes
against
others
,
to
get
their
Lands
and
Possessions
,
several
of
the
Nobility
he
banished
,
but
more
especially
,
shot
directly
at
the
Earl
of
Gawrey's
Life
and
Estate
;
but
the
Earl
could
not
be
content
to
Domineer
as
he
pleased
,
over
the
King
's
Natural
Subjects
,
but
he
must
mock
and
deride
with
the
ignorant
multitude
,
the
Danish
Ambassadors
also
,
and
use
them
with
all
the
despight
imaginable
;
for
it
seems
,
they
knowing
his
former
meanness
in
Swedeland
,
made
no
great
Court
to
him
,
which
raised
his
Fury
;
this
was
quickly
perceived
by
some
about
the
King
,
whom
the
Earls
Practices
and
Insolence
had
disobliged
,
and
who
failed
not
to
let
the
King
know
it
;
and
for
all
the
Earls
Ascendency
made
him
somewhat
to
decline
in
Favour
,
which
another
accident
gave
a
helping
hand
to
,
for
Sir
Francis
Russell
,
upon
some
disorders
that
fell
out
upon
the
Borders
,
happening
to
be
slain
of
the
English
side
;
Mr.
Woton
the
English
Ambassador
,
who
stood
in
competition
with
the
Earl
for
the
King's
Favour
,
took
occasion
to
lay
the
blame
upon
him
,
alledging
that
the
Laird
of
Fernihast
,
who
was
Warden
of
the
Scots
Borders
,
had
Married
the
Earl
of
Arran's
Brothers
Daughter
,
and
that
the
said
Earl
had
caused
the
slaughter
to
be
committed
,
that
the
Borders
might
break
loose
:
Wotton
was
seconded
by
others
in
this
complaint
so
effectually
,
that
the
Earl
was
committed
prisoner
to
the
Castle
of
St.
Andrews
,
where
having
remained
for
a
few
days
,
he
got
by
the
intercession
of
the
Master
of
Gray
,
whom
he
won
with
fair
promises
to
be
his
Friend
,
(
It
's
strange
he
should
find
any
,
who
had
disobliged
every
Body
)
leave
to
retire
to
his
own
House
;
and
here
the
King
played
a
Noble
prank
,
but
whether
he
used
it
as
Lex
talionis
for
the
sham-Ring
Arran
had
put
upon
Walsingham
as
aforesaid
,
and
which
he
durst
not
otherwise
punish
,
I
am
not
certain
:
but
it
looks
like
his
little
tricks
,
which
notwithstanding
he
dignified
with
the
name
of
Kingcraft
;
for
when
the
Earl
was
upon
his
journey
homeward
,
he
sends
to
him
with
all
possible
diligence
,
for
to
lend
him
a
great
Gold
Chain
,
which
he
knew
he
had
got
from
Sir
James
Belfour
,
which
weighed
57
Crowns
,
to
be
given
to
the
Danish
Ambassadors
,
which
if
the
Earl
had
refused
to
do
,
he
would
(
it's
likely
)
have
lost
the
King
;
and
in
delivering
of
it
he
lost
his
Chain
.
Arran
being
thus
retired
,
makes
several
attempts
to
recover
his
former
station
;
and
the
King
,
it
was
observed
,
retained
a
Favour
for
him
,
and
would
have
been
content
to
have
Himself
and
Kingdom
still
Governed
by
him
,
he
was
once
again
admitted
to
Court
,
but
others
had
stepped
in
,
and
the
King
had
not
power
to
remove
them
;
so
that
the
Earl
after
long
retirement
and
discontent
,
was
surprized
at
last
by
James
Douglass
at
Parkhead
,
and
slain
by
him
,
in
revenge
of
the
death
of
the
Earl
of
Morton
his
Unkle
;
and
but
little
care
taken
to
punish
the
same
,
many
thinking
it
indeed
strange
,
that
he
should
be
permitted
so
long
to
live
,
who
had
carried
it
so
arrogantly
and
insolently
towards
all
Men
,
in
the
time
of
his
Ascendency
at
Court
,
but
several
other
Accidents
intervened
before
the
Earls
Exit
.
The
next
Man
that
had
the
chief
Credit
and
Management
of
Affairs
,
was
Mr.
Wotton
the
English
Ambassador
,
but
tho'
the
King
begun
now
to
be
Governed
by
a
Favourite
,
and
a
Forreiner
under
this
Character
,
yet
it
did
not
end
here
,
as
you
shall
hear
by
and
by
when
the
Scene
is
transplanted
into
England
,
Wotton
knew
as
well
as
any
Man
alive
,
how
to
humour
him
in
his
pleasures
,
and
such
familiar
access
had
he
at
all
times
to
his
Person
,
that
he
attempted
to
have
brought
in
the
banished
Lords
,
(
whose
Interest
he
had
espoused
,
not
without
the
direction
,
to
be
sure
,
of
the
English
Court
)
secretly
into
his
presence
in
the
Parish
of
Sterling
,
at
such
a
time
as
they
should
have
so
many
Friends
at
Court
,
that
he
must
have
remained
once
more
at
their
Devotion
;
but
all
things
did
not
so
concur
,
as
to
put
this
Enterprize
in
practice
;
so
it
was
laid
aside
,
and
Mr.
Wotton
essayed
a
Second
,
but
more
desperate
attempt
,
which
was
to
Kidnap
Jemmy
out
of
the
foresaid
Park
into
England
,
see
Sir
James
Melvill
;
but
Sir
Robert
Melvill
coming
to
a
timeous
Knowledge
hereof
,
took
measures
to
prevent
it
,
which
made
the
English
Ambassador
withdraw
home
,
without
bidding
of
them
once
a
good
night
;
the
Lords
for
all
this
enter
the
Borders
,
being
assisted
by
the
Lords
Hamilton
,
Maxwel
,
Hume
,
and
several
others
,
and
advance
to
the
number
of
Three
thousand
Men
towards
Sterling
,
entring
the
Town
without
any
opposition
,
where
they
were
no
sooner
arrived
,
but
there
appear'd
two
Factions
with
the
King
in
the
Castle
,
the
one
favouring
the
Lords
,
whose
part
the
King
took
,
as
if
he
had
really
desired
the
Lords
should
have
come
thither
in
this
manner
to
tear
his
Minions
from
his
Heart
;
and
so
once
more
the
King
is
in
their
Power
,
which
they
exercised
with
great
moderation
,
only
a
few
were
committed
for
the
present
,
to
the
custody
of
some
Noblemen
,
and
so
a
Parliament
was
called
,
as
the
best
expedient
to
heal
all
their
breaches
.
Things
continued
in
some
sort
of
Concord
for
a
little
while
,
and
the
Convicting
and
Beheading
of
the
Queen
his
Mother
,
in
England
,
seemed
to
possess
all
their
Minds
with
amazement
at
the
Fact
,
for
the
present
,
tho'
I
do
not
find
,
he
did
at
all
resent
it
;
but
this
was
no
sooner
over
,
but
there
appears
a
new
Faction
at
Court
,
headed
by
the
Earl
of
Huntley
,
whose
aim
was
at
the
removing
of
the
Master
of
Gray
,
and
Maitland
the
Chancellor
,
with
their
Adherents
,
but
finding
it
was
not
so
easily
to
be
effected
,
Huntley
,
Bothwell
and
others
contrived
to
seize
the
King's
Person
,
and
to
keep
him
in
their
custody
;
but
this
proving
Abortive
,
the
noise
of
the
Spanish
Invasion
,
which
was
dreaded
in
Scotland
,
as
well
as
in
England
,
seemed
to
lay
all
Animos●t●es
aside
for
the
present
;
but
this
blowing
over
,
the
King's
Thoughts
seemed
to
be
taken
all
up
about
Marrying
,
the
Sister
of
the
King
of
Denmark
was
the
Lady
proposed
,
and
Queen
Elizabeth
consulted
with
thereupon
,
who
disswaded
him
therefrom
,
and
said
she
had
Interest
with
the
King
and
Princess
of
Navarr
,
and
that
she
would
imploy
the
same
for
effectuating
of
a
Marriage
between
him
and
the
said
Princess
,
but
the
King
was
bent
upon
the
former
,
and
because
he
found
the
Chancellor
and
some
others
oppose
it
,
he
could
not
,
or
would
not
be
seen
openly
to
controul
them
,
but
dealt
secretly
with
some
of
the
Deacons
of
the
Craftsmen
of
Edenburg
,
to
form
a
Mutiny
against
the
Chancellor
and
some
of
the
Council
,
threat'ning
to
kill
them
;
in
case
the
Marriage
with
the
Daughter
of
Denmark
were
hindred
,
or
any
longer
delayed
;
whereupon
the
Earl
of
Marshal
was
sent
thither
with
Power
to
Treat
about
the
said
Marriage
,
but
withal
,
in
so
stinted
and
limited
a
degree
,
contrived
by
the
Craft
of
the
Chancellor
,
and
his
Faction
,
that
he
was
necessitated
to
send
the
Lord
Dinguall
back
from
thence
,
to
desire
either
liberty
to
return
hence
,
or
to
have
sufficient
Power
to
conclude
the
Treaty
;
when
he
came
,
he
hapned
to
find
the
King
at
Aberdeen
without
the
Chancellor
,
&c
,
so
that
what
he
could
not
do
while
he
was
present
,
he
was
able
to
effect
,
with
much
ado
in
his
absence
;
surely
never
was
any
King
so
ridden
as
he
,
and
the
Messenger
returns
with
full
power
,
which
brought
the
Treaty
quickly
to
a
Conclusion
,
and
so
the
Queen
with
a
goodly
Train
was
sent
away
towards
Scotland
;
but
stay
a
little
,
she
did
not
so
soon
arrive
as
you
may
think
for
,
you
'll
be
apt
to
enquire
the
reason
of
it
,
pray
take
it
along
with
you
;
and
think
it
not
a
digression
:
It
seems
the
Admiral
of
Denmark
,
who
had
the
Charge
to
Convoy
this
Royal
Bride
,
happening
to
strike
one
of
the
Bailiffs
of
Copenhagen
,
whose
Wife
was
a
Witch
,
she
consulting
with
her
Associates
in
their
Black
Art
,
concluded
,
in
order
to
be
revenged
on
the
Admiral
,
to
raise
a
terrible
Storm
,
which
lasted
for
several
Days
,
and
drove
their
Ships
with
great
danger
and
violence
upon
the
Coast
of
Norway
,
where
they
were
forced
to
stay
,
because
of
the
continuance
of
the
said
Tempest
for
a
long
time
;
and
a
Scotch
Gentlewoman
,
whose
name
was
Jane
Kennedy
,
and
sent
before
in
a
Vessel
to
meet
the
Queen
,
by
the
King's
Orders
,
was
drowned
about
the
same
time
in
a
Storm
on
the
Scotch
Coast
,
raised
by
two
Scotch
Witches
,
who
confest
the
Fact
,
as
Sir
J.
Melvill
says
:
it
's
like
there
is
a
Sympathy
in
Witchcraft
,
as
well
as
in
some
other
things
;
and
now
you
shall
hear
of
the
most
valiant
Act
that
e'r
King
James
was
guilty
of
;
for
being
very
impatient
and
sorrowful
that
the
Queen
was
so
long
a
coming
,
this
Knight
Errant
resolves
to
commit
himself
to
the
raging
Seas
,
to
encounter
Shipwrack
,
Storms
,
Witchcraft
,
and
what
not
,
so
he
might
set
free
,
and
enjoy
his
beloved
Lady
:
and
who
should
wind
himself
into
his
Favour
,
and
become
his
errant●Companion
in
this
Voyage
,
but
the
Chancellor
,
the
only
Man
of
all
others
who
most
opposed
the
Match
,
and
whom
he
himself
a
little
before
would
have
got
murdered
because
of
that
,
and
none
but
such
as
the
Chancellor
pleased
,
must
be
made
privy
to
this
Expedition
;
and
that
the
Adventure
might
appear
to
be
brave
at
all
points
it
must
be
undertaken
the
beginning
of
Winter
;
which
was
ordinarily
the
most
perilous
season
of
the
year
;
Storms
they
met
with
throughout
,
and
the
last
day
of
the
Voyage
was
more
terrible
than
all
the
rest
;
but
at
length
the
Witch
was
laid
,
and
they
arrived
safely
in
Norway
,
where
the
Marriage
was
Consummated
;
but
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
might
have
been
spirited
up
into
the
Second
Region
of
the
Air
,
or
laid
with
a
spell
into
the
bottom
of
the
deep
for
that
Winter
;
for
no
Arguments
could
perswade
him
to
return
before
next
Spring
,
from
Norway
he
went
by
Land
to
the
Danish
Court
,
where
,
during
his
abode
,
he
was
constantly
infested
with
the
janglings
of
his
Courtiers
,
who
were
divided
into
two
Factions
,
headed
by
the
Earl
of
Marshall
,
and
the
Chancellor
,
who
strove
for
Precedency
,
but
the
Chancellor
prevailed
here
,
as
he
did
upon
the
King's
return
hence
,
carrying
all
before
him
,
appointing
who
should
,
and
who
should
not
come
to
Court
;
and
in
short
,
so
handled
the
King
and
all
his
Affairs
,
that
his
Majesty
quite
forgot
upon
his
return
,
the
promise
he
had
made
in
the
High
Kirk
of
Edenburg
,
that
he
would
Become
a
new
Man
,
and
take
the
Government
,
into
his
own
hands
;
and
now
comes
another
piece
of
Witch
Pageantry
that
menaced
his
Majesty's
Life
;
the
story
was
as
followeth
;
There
were
some
Women
taken
up
in
Louthian
,
which
they
called
Witches
,
and
among
others
one
Amy
Simpson
,
who
it
was
said
,
charged
the
Earl
of
Bothwell
,
as
being
concerned
in
some
vile
Practices
to
bewitch
the
King
,
and
that
she
in
company
with
nine
more
of
their
Gang
,
met
one
night
at
a
place
called
Preston-Pans
,
where
the
Devil
being
present
,
and
standing
in
the
midst
of
them
,
a
Body
of
Wax
was
formed
by
the
said
Amy
Simpson
,
wrapped
up
in
a
Linnen
Cloth
,
which
she
delivered
into
the
hands
of
of
his
Devilship
,
who
after
he
had
pronounced
his
Verdict
,
delivered
the
same
back
again
to
the
said
Amy
Simpson
,
she
to
her
next
Neighbour
,
and
so
to
every
one
round
,
saying
,
This
is
King
James
the
Sixth
,
ordered
to
be
consumed
at
the
instance
of
a
Nobleman
,
Francis
Earl
of
Bothwell
;
some
time
after
they
met
again
by
Night
,
in
the
Church
of
North
Berwick
,
where
the
Devil
in
a
Black
Gown
,
with
a
Black
Hat
upon
his
Head
,
came
and
Preach'd
to
a
great
company
of
them
out
of
the
Pulpit
▪
the
scope
of
his
Discourse
tended
to
wh●
mischief
they
had
done
,
how
many
they
had
got
to
their
Opinion
since
the
last
meeting
,
what
success
the
melting
of
the
Picture
had
,
and
so
forth
;
and
because
an
old
silly
poor
Plow-man
among
them
,
whose
Name
was
Gray
Meile
,
happen'd
to
say
,
that
nothing
ailed
the
King
,
God
be
Thanked
,
the
Devil
gave
him
a
great
blow
,
and
when
they
all
reasoned
,
and
marvelled
,
that
their
Practices
had
no
better
effect
upon
him
;
the
Devil
answered
in
French
,
Il
est
un
homme
de
Dieu
.
Certainly
he
is
a
Man
of
God
.
When
he
had
finished
his
Admonitions
he
came
down
out
of
the
Pulpit
,
and
as
a
further
instance
of
his
Authority
,
and
good
Manners
,
he
caused
all
the
company
to
come
and
kiss
his
Arse
,
which
they
said
was
cold
as
Ice
,
his
Body
hard
like
Iron
,
his
Face
very
terrible
to
behold
,
his
Nose
like
an
Eagle's
Beak
,
with
great
burning
Eyes
,
his
Hands
and
Legs
were
hairy
,
having
Claws
upon
both
Hands
and
Feet
like
a
Griffin
,
and
spoke
with
a
low
Voice
.
Some
of
these
Haggs
further
deposed
,
that
there
was
one
Richard
Graham
who
had
a
Familiar
Spirit
,
who
could
both
do
and
tell
many
things
,
chiefly
against
the
Earl
of
Bothwell
,
whereupon
the
said
Graham
was
apprehended
,
brought
to
Edenburg
and
examined
before
the
King
;
the
fellow
owned
he
had
a
Familiar
Spirit
,
but
said
he
was
no
Witch
,
and
did
not
frequent
their
company
,
but
when
it
was
answered
that
Amy
Simpson
had
declared
,
that
he
had
caused
the
Earl
of
Bothwell
to
address
himself
to
her
,
he
granted
that
to
be
true
,
and
farther
confess'd
,
that
the
Earl
coming
to
the
knowledge
of
him
by
the
means
of
Elfe
Machallown
,
and
Barbary
Naper
,
two
Edenburg
Women
,
he
sent
for
him
,
and
required
his
assistance
to
make
the
King
love
him
,
and
to
the
effect
,
gave
him
some
Herb
or
Drug
,
with
which
he
willed
him
at
some
convenient
time
to
touch
the
King's
Face
,
which
practise
not
meeting
with
the
desired
effect
,
the
Earl
would
have
engaged
the
said
Graham
▪
by
his
Art
,
to
destroy
the
King
,
bu
-
that
he
alledged
he
could
not
do
that
himself
,
but
recommeded
it
to
the
foresaid
Amy
Simpson
,
who
was
a
notable
Witch
,
and
could
gratify
his
Desire
therein
:
Hereupon
the
Earl
was
committed
to
Edenburg-Castle
;
from
whence
,
after
he
had
sollicited
in
vain
to
come
to
his
Trial
,
alledging
that
the
Devil
was
a
Lyer
from
the
beginning
,
and
ought
not
to
be
credited
,
nor
yet
the
Witches
who
were
his
Sworn
Servants
;
he
at
length
makes
his
escape
over
the
Castle-Wall
,
and
retired
to
Cathness
,
where
being
strengthned
by
other
Male-contents
,
who
were
desirous
to
fish
in
troubled
Waters
,
he
attempts
to
surprize
the
King
,
and
to
kill
the
Chancellor
his
inveterate
Enemy
,
and
to
that
end
enters
the
King's
Palace
one
Night
late
about
Supper
time
,
by
the
passage
of
an
old
Stable
,
not
without
secret
intelligence
of
some
about
the
King's
Person
;
assoon
as
they
had
got
within
the
close
of
the
Palace
,
they
cried
Justice
,
Justice
,
a
Bothwell
,
a
Bothwell
,
and
had
infallibly
been
Masters
of
the
whole
,
had
it
not
been
that
James
Douglass
,
who
was
one
of
them
,
after
he
had
taken
the
Keys
from
the
Porters
,
entred
into
the
Pastery
Lodge
to
relieve
some
of
his
Servants
,
who
were
detained
there
,
upon
suspicion
of
having
an
hand
in
the
slaughter
of
his
Father
,
the
old
Laird
of
Spot
,
where
the
Porters
made
some
resistance
,
which
occasioned
a
noise
and
tumult
sooner
than
the
Enterprizers
had
designed
:
the
King
,
Chancellor
,
and
others
were
horribly
allarmed
at
this
,
and
knew
not
what
to
do
;
Bothwell
with
Mr.
John
Colvill
and
others
,
made
directly
to
the
Queen's
Chamber
door
,
where
they
supposed
the
King
to
be
,
but
the
Door
was
valiantly
defended
by
Harry
Lins●y
Of
Kilfans
,
Master
of
the
Queens
Houshold
;
but
the
Earl
prevailing
at
last
,
broke
open
the
Doors
with
Hammers
,
and
Colvill
brought
Fire
to
burn
it
;
the
King
in
the
mean
time
was
conveyed
to
the
Tower
above
the
said
Chamber
;
the
Chancellor
who
was
in
his
Hall
at
Supper
,
when
he
heard
the
first
noise
,
fled
unto
his
Chamber
and
made
the
door
fast
upon
him
,
shutting
out
Sir
Robert
Melvill
who
supped
along
with
him
,
and
who
was
forced
to
retire
to
another
empty
House
,
where
he
continued
all
the
while
out
of
harms
way
,
and
the
Chancellor
with
his
Servants
,
that
continually
shot
out
of
the
Windows
,
made
such
a
resistance
,
as
that
the
Assailants
were
forced
to
retire
;
Melvill
says
,
that
when
they
first
entred
into
the
Palace
,
he
was
at
Supper
with
the
Duke
of
Lennox
,
who
immediately
took
his
Sword
in
hand
,
and
would
have
rushed
upon
the
Enemy
,
but
having
no
company
,
and
finding
the
place
already
full
of
the
Enterprizers
,
they
were
forced
to
fortify
their
Doors
and
Stairs
,
with
Tables
,
Forms
and
Stools
,
and
be
spectators
of
all
that
hurly-burly
for
the
space
of
an
Hour
together
,
hearing
and
beholding
by
Torch-light
out
of
the
Duke's
Gallery
,
their
reeling
and
rumbling
with
Halberts
,
clashing
their
Culverins
,
and
Pistols
,
the
blows
of
their
Malls
and
Hammers
,
and
crying
continually
for
Justice
;
now
there
was
a
passage
between
the
Chancellor's
Chamber
and
the
Duke
of
Lennox's
,
by
a
pair
of
Stairs
,
by
which
the
Chancellor
came
up
and
desired
admittance
in
to
the
Duke
;
the
Duke
,
by
Sir
James
Melvill's
advice
,
told
the
Chancellor
,
that
for
himself
he
was
welcome
to
enter
in
,
but
desir'd
he
would
cause
his
Men
to
stay
at
the
nether
Door
,
and
resist
as
long
as
they
could
;
this
the
Chancellor
took
in
ill
part
,
and
so
retired
again
to
his
own
Chamber
,
but
in
the
mean
time
,
while
all
these
things
were
in
agitation
,
word
was
brought
to
Sir
Andrew
Melvill
,
Master
of
the
King's
Houshold
,
of
the
enterprize
and
danger
the
King
,
and
Chancellor
was
in
,
without
speedy
relief
,
who
procuring
all
the
succor
that
the
time
would
permit
,
from
the
Cannon
Gate
,
and
knowing
there
was
a
secret
passage
through
the
Abby
into
the
Palace
,
entred
with
his
Men
by
the
same
in
Armour
;
whereof
when
the
Earl
of
Bothwell
and
his
followers
had
notice
,
they
stole
silently
through
the
Galleries
,
unto
that
part
where
they
first
entred
the
Palace
;
and
chancing
in
their
retreat
to
meet
with
John
Shaw
the
King
's
Master-Stabler
,
they
slew
him
and
his
Brother
,
being
in
a
rage
,
that
their
enterprize
had
met
with
such
bad
success
;
however
,
some
of
them
were
taken
by
Sir
Andrew
,
and
executed
the
day
following
.
The
King
almost
dead
with
fear
,
would
stay
no
longer
at
Dalkeith
,
but
in
all
haste
gets
to
Edinburgh
,
where
continual
Plots
were
laid
to
surprize
him
,
and
such
enmity
arose
among
the
Courtiers
,
and
more
especially
among
the
Duke
of
Lennox
and
the
Chancellor
,
that
it
must
have
a
King
of
other
guess
courage
than
King
James
for
to
reconcile
and
compose
them
;
the
Chancellor
one
while
being
forced
to
retire
,
but
brought
in
again
and
ruled
the
roast
afresh
,
but
it
was
not
long
before
private
Animosities
engendring
publick
Calamities
,
had
like
to
have
brought
the
King
into
greater
danger
than
any
wherewith
he
had
been
hitherto
menaced
,
for
the
Earl
of
Huntley
was
at
variance
with
the
Earl
of
Murray
,
the
Earls
of
Ca●●hu●st
and
Sunderland
,
together
by
the
Ears
,
and
the
Lords
Hamilton
and
Angus
at
great
strife
;
which
discord
was
chiefly
occasioned
,
because
most
of
them
had
obtained
Commissions
with
large
Priviledges
over
other
Lands
as
well
as
over
their
own
;
and
this
at
last
terminated
in
an
open
hostility
:
when
the
Council
was
advertised
hereof
,
they
set
a
day
,
wherein
first
the
Earls
of
Murray
and
Huntley
should
appear
,
there
being
a
Gentleman
of
the
Name
of
Gourdon
shot
by
the
Earl
of
Murray
,
out
of
the
House
of
Farnue
,
both
parties
came
strongly
attended
,
and
for
fear
of
mischief
,
were
ordered
to
keep
their
Lodgings
lest
any
tumult
should
arise
;
the
Chancellor
who
now
managed
all
Affairs
,
advised
the
King
to
require
Security
from
both
the
Earls
for
their
good
behaviour
for
the
future
,
to
keep
them
both
asunder
,
by
detaining
the
one
at
Court
for
a
time
,
and
sending
the
other
home
;
but
Sir
James
Melvill
was
for
a
present
Agreement
between
both
Parties
,
and
judged
the
King
might
easily
effect
it
;
but
the
Chancellor
taunted
so
at
Sir
James
for
his
advice
,
that
he
was
forced
to
give
way
,
and
so
Huntley
according
to
the
Chancellor's
project
,
was
sent
home
,
who
now
wanting
his
Competitor
,
so
triumphed
,
and
took
so
many
advantages
over
the
Earl
of
Murray's
Land
,
as
gave
him
just
occasion
of
complaint
,
but
meeting
with
no
redress
to
his
grievance
,
he
retired
from
Court
,
and
grew
so
discontented
,
that
he
fell
in
with
the
designs
of
the
Earl
of
Bothwell
,
who
was
still
a
hatching
of
mischief
.
Huntley
came
no
sooner
to
know
that
his
Adversary
was
an
Outlaw
with
the
Earl
of
Bothwell
,
but
he
returned
again
to
Court
,
with
a
design
to
gain
some
further
advantage
over
him
;
but
the
Lord
Ochiltrie
,
with
the
King's
consent
,
endeavoured
to
accommodate
Matters
between
them
,
and
make
them
Friends
;
and
so
Murray
was
brought
to
a
place
called
Dunibirsil
,
as
being
near
at
hand
,
for
the
better
effectuating
of
an
agreement
;
Huntley
hearing
of
his
arrival
applys
himself
to
the
King
for
a
Commission
to
pursue
the
Earl
of
Bothwell
,
and
all
his
Adherents
with
Fire
and
Sword
,
which
the
King
grants
him
;
and
being
armed
with
this
Power
,
the
first
thing
he
does
,
was
to
Murder
the
Earl
of
Murrey
his
Adversary
,
at
the
foresaid
place
,
which
it
seems
was
his
own
House
;
this
horrid
Fact
was
generally
regretted
,
and
the
granting
of
such
a
Commission
,
was
justly
interpreted
to
be
a
breach
of
Faith
in
the
King
,
and
himself
to
be
charged
with
being
Author
of
the
said
Murder
;
but
none
resented
it
so
highly
as
the
Lord
Ochiltrie
,
who
took
such
despight
that
his
Friend
should
be
slain
,
during
a
time
of
Treaty
,
that
he
solemnly
Declared
he
took
part
with
the
Earl
of
Bothwell
,
and
divers
others
in
revenge
of
his
Quarrel
,
encouraging
the
said
Earl
to
assassinate
the
King
within
his
Palace
of
Falkland
,
having
several
at
Court
,
familiar
enough
with
the
King
,
who
guided
him
at
pleasure
,
to
favour
the
said
Conspiracy
;
but
things
could
not
be
carried
with
that
Secrecy
,
but
that
some
about
him
got
intelligence
of
the
Design
,
and
advised
him
for
his
own
safety
to
pass
over
to
Coupar
,
and
with
all
expedition
to
Assemble
the
Barons
of
Fife
for
his
own
safety
;
but
such
as
had
contrived
his
Ruin
,
perswaded
him
to
stay
,
alledging
that
the
Earl
of
Louthian
would
not
come
from
Louthian
till
such
a
day
,
tho
?
he
kept
to
his
time
,
and
came
to
Falkland
two
days
sooner
,
according
to
appointment
;
and
this
they
did
with
a
design
to
have
surprized
the
King
before
he
could
either
have
entred
within
the
Tower
of
Falkland
,
or
making
any
tolerable
Provision
for
his
own
Defence
,
and
because
they
knew
Sir
James
Melvill
and
his
Brother
Sir
Robert
,
might
be
some
obstruction
to
the
Design
,
they
advised
the
King
to
send
them
home
to
their
Houses
the
very
same
night
,
that
they
uuderstood
the
Earl
of
Bothwell
purposed
to
be
there
;
but
before
the
Brothers
departed
,
they
advised
the
King
to
ride
quietly
to
Bambrigh
,
that
from
thence
he
might
when
he
pleased
take
Boat
and
go
over
to
Angus
,
where
he
would
have
leisure
to
Assemble
Forces
out
of
Perth
and
Dundee
with
the
adjacent
Countrys
,
but
this
advice
was
also
rejected
;
Sir
Rober●
upon
the
Road
homewards
had
notice
given
given
him
by
one
of
Bothwell's
gang
,
that
he
was
already
got
as
far
as
Fife
,
and
would
be
in
Falkland
about
Supper
time
,
who
forthwith
dispatched
his
Gentleman
,
whose
Name
was
Robert
Aufleck
to
acquaint
his
Majesty
therewith
,
and
to
desire
him
to
go
into
the
Tower
with
all
expedition
;
but
they
called
him
Fool
,
and
laughed
him
to
scorn
for
his
pains
,
and
so
he
left
them
in
great
discontent
,
but
upon
his
return
he
met
Bothwell
and
his
followers
upon
the
height
of
Lammonds
,
it
being
by
this
time
dark
night
,
and
so
struck
in
with
them
,
as
if
he
had
been
one
of
the
gang
,
and
used
great
diligence
to
get
first
to
the
King
,
shutting
the
Court
Gate
after
him
;
upon
his
entrance
he
urged
the
King
to
get
into
the
Tower
with
utmost
expedition
,
which
at
length
he
did
,
and
so
for
this
time
escaped
also
;
for
tho
Bothwell
came
well
provided
of
all
things
for
forcing
the
Palace
,
where
he
thought
to
surprize
the
King
,
and
tho'
it
was
alledged
some
shot
Paper
only
out
of
the
Culverins
in
the
Tower
upon
Bothwell's
Men
,
yet
others
shot
Bullets
,
which
together
with
the
fear
he
was
in
lest
the
Country
might
come
,
caused
him
to
retire
and
flee
,
none
pursuing
them
.
The
Assassination
failing
,
this
terminated
in
open
Rebellion
.
Bothwell
associating
himself
with
the
Popish
Lords
,
the
more
to
strengthen
his
Party
,
who
for
a
time
prevailed
,
but
at
last
were
necessitated
to
go
beyond
Sea
,
and
Bothwell
several
years
after
died
at
Naples
;
but
no
sooner
was
one
fear
over
,
but
comes
on
another
,
but
of
a
different
nature
:
the
King
,
(
you
have
heard
before
)
plaid
the
Knight-Errant
,
rather
than
be
without
a
Wife
,
who
was
Anne
,
Sister
to
the
King
of
Denmark
,
a
Lady
that
bears
a
fair
Character
in
the
Annals
of
Time
,
tho'
I
find
one
say
of
her
,
that
she
was
a
Person
he
heard
little
of
saving
that
Character
,
which
Salust
gives
Sempronia
,
that
she
could
Saltare
elegantius
quam
necesse
est
probae
.
See
had
about
two
years
before
bore
him
a
Son
,
Prince
Henry
,
to
whom
the
King
assigned
the
Earl
of
Marr
Governor
;
now
the
Queen
,
't
is
not
known
upon
what
design
,
nor
well
by
whose
agency
and
Promotion
,
laid
a
project
in
the
King's
absence
,
to
surprize
the
Prince
and
take
him
out
of
the
Earl's
hands
;
but
the
King
's
suddain
arrival
from
Faulkland
to
Edenburg
,
and
taking
the
Queen
away
along
with
him
to
Sterlin
,
rendred
the
Project
abortive
;
Hower
it
were
,
the
very
projection
put
King
James
into
no
small
Bodily
fear
,
as
appears
by
the
following
Letter
he
writ
to
the
Earl
of
Marr
upon
that
occasion
,
which
is
recited
by
Sanderson
in
his
Life
of
King
James
.
My
Lord
of
Mar
,
BEcause
in
the
security
of
my
Son
,
mine
is
Conserved
,
and
my
Concredit
of
his
Charge
to
you
,
upon
Trust
of
your
Honour
and
Honesty
;
This
I
Command
,
(
as
singly
and
solely
of
my self
,
being
in
Company
of
those
I
like
not
)
that
upon
any
Charge
or
Necessity
that
possibly
come
from
me
,
you
shall
not
deliver
him
;
and
in
case
that
God
call
me
at
any
time
,
see
you
that
neither
for
the
Queen
,
nor
for
the
Estates
Pleasure
,
you
deliver
him
out
of
your
hands
,
till
he
be
18
years
of
Age
,
and
that
then
he
Command
you
himself
,
James
Rex
.
This
Court
juggle
and
jealousie
was
followed
by
a
more
dangerous
one
from
the
Presbytery
,
who
met
at
Edinburg
to
treat
of
their
Ecclesiastical
Affairs
,
and
some
other
matters
that
came
under
their
Consideration
;
but
the
Kings
Sentiments
and
theirs
were
as
remote
as
East
and
West
,
which
produced
such
Heats
and
Factions
,
that
the
King
dissolves
the
Convention
,
they
stand
stifly
to
it
,
and
meet
for
all
that
,
several
Lords
espouse
their
Cause
;
at
last
the
King
truckles
,
and
was
willing
to
come
to
an
Accommodation
;
but
to
shew
the
Image
of
Authority
first
,
asked
,
Who
they
were
that
durst
Convene
against
his
Proclamation
?
but
his
Mouth
was
quickly
stopped
by
the
Lord
Linsay's
reply
,
saying
,
That
they
durst
do
more
than
so
,
and
would
not
endure
Destruction
of
Religion
,
and
by
the
Nobles
crying
out
,
Arm
;
others
,
Bring
forth
Haman
,
and
some
the
Sword
of
the
Lord
and
of
Gideon
;
it
made
the
King
and
his
Council
flee
from
Edenburg
to
Linlithgo
,
but
futy
by
degrees
began
to
cool
,
and
some
Concessions
of
all
sides
introduced
a
little
Tranquillity
in
the
State
,
and
some
Remissions
of
the
Kings
Fears
;
but
the
Revolution
of
about
two
years
,
ushered
in
that
memorable
Conspiracy
of
the
Earl
of
Gowry
,
which
because
not
foreign
from
the
scope
of
the
present
Treatise
,
and
by
reason
of
the
Barbarity
and
Tragical
circumstances
thereof
,
as
well
as
it
has
been
the
subject
of
the
discourse
of
many
,
but
hardly
a
Man
to
be
met
with
that
can
give
the
true
state
of
it
,
I
shall
endeavour
to
oblige
the
Reader
with
a
distinct
and
impartial
Narrative
of
the
same
,
even
according
to
what
the
Court
Party
and
King's
Favourites
have
related
concerning
it
.
Sanderson
,
in
his
Life
and
Death
of
King
James
,
says
,
the
Surname
of
the
Earls
of
Gowry
was
Ruthven
,
and
a
Family
of
small
account
till
Anno
1568.
when
the
chief
of
them
,
among
other
Confederates
,
endeavoured
to
Imprison
Mary
Queen
of
Scots
;
that
his
Son
William
was
Created
Earl
of
Gowry
in
King
James's
Minority
,
and
two
years
after
fell
into
actual
Rebellion
at
Dundee
,
for
which
he
was
Beheaded
at
Sterlin
in
1584.
but
Sir
James
Melvill
,
who
had
as
good
an
opportunity
to
know
this
Affair
as
any
man
,
says
,
The
Earl
of
Gowry
was
related
to
the
King
in
high
Favour
,
and
by
the
villanous
Contrivance
of
a
Court
Faction
,
cut
off
for
little
or
no
fault
,
and
seems
to
censure
his
hard
Fate
,
and
not
to
excuse
the
King
himself
in
his
proceedings
against
him
.
The
Earl's
Eldest
Son
,
named
John
,
was
not
long
after
restored
in
Blood
,
and
had
leave
to
Travel
;
and
Sanderson
said
,
he
had
a
Manuscript
,
containing
,
that
the
Earl
at
Padua
,
caused
an
Hand
and
Sword
,
aiming
at
a
Crown
,
to
be
used
for
his
Device
;
and
that
the
Earl
of
Argyle
acquainted
King
James
,
that
he
found
a
Prophesie
at
an
House
in
Orleans
in
France
,
where
the
Earl
of
Gowry
had
had
Lodgings
,
that
he
should
with
too
much
love
,
fall
into
Melancholly
,
have
great
Power
and
Rule
,
and
Die
by
the
Sword
:
After
his
return
,
that
he
carried
himself
very
Haughtily
,
and
being
too
big
for
Court
observance
,
retired
to
his
Family
,
leaving
his
Brother
Alexander
,
who
was
made
Gentleman
of
the
King's
Bed-Chamber
,
to
play
the
Courtier
,
and
Cloak
the
Design
;
and
thus
,
according
to
Sanderson's
Relation
was
the
Conspiracy
formed
;
The
Earl
sent
his
Brother
Alexander
from
St.
Johnstown
,
where
he
lived
,
to
the
King
at
Faulkland
,
to
entice
him
to
come
thither
with
as
much
Privacy
as
could
be
,
and
commands
one
of
his
Servants
,
Andrew
Henderson
by
Name
,
to
go
with
his
Brother
and
one
Andrew
Ruthwen
to
the
Court
,
which
they
in
the
morning
did
,
being
the
5th
of
August
1600.
and
as
the
King
was
putting
his
Foot
into
the
Stirrup
to
go
a
Hunting
,
Alexander
informed
him
,
that
he
had
apprehended
one
lately
come
from
beyond
Seas
with
much
Gold
about
him
,
and
several
suspicious
Letters
to
some
Popish
Lords
,
advising
his
Majesty
to
receive
the
Money
and
the
Letters
,
and
to
examine
the
Person
,
who
was
in
safe
Custody
at
his
Brother
the
Earl's
House
,
but
ten
miles
of
,
and
this
with
as
much
speed
and
privacy
as
could
be
;
to
which
the
King
assents
,
and
that
he
would
go
at
Noon
,
while
his
Attendants
were
at
Dinner
;
Alexander
hereupon
dispatched
Henderson
to
give
the
Earl
notice
that
the
King
would
be
there
about
Noon
,
and
that
the
Business
took
so
well
with
him
,
that
he
had
clipt
him
about
the
Neck
,
that
he
had
but
a
slender
Retinue
,
as
the
Duke
of
Lennox
,
Sir
Thomas
Erskin
,
and
about
a
Dozen
more
:
Well
said
the
Earl
,
Get
on
your
Plate
Sleeves
,
for
I
must
take
an
Highland
Robber
:
The
King
staying
at
his
sport
of
Hunting
somewhat
longer
than
was
expected
,
the
Earl
had
half
Dined
,
when
Andrew
Ruthen
aforesaid
came
in
haste
,
and
acquainted
him
,
the
King
was
hard
by
,
and
presently
after
came
in
Alexander
and
Bloire
,
who
withdrew
,
to
consult
,
and
sent
Henderson
for
the
Earls
Gauntlet
and
Steel
Bonnet
;
the
King
quickly
followed
,
and
was
received
by
the
Earl
,
who
conducted
him
into
Dinner
.
In
the
mean
time
,
Alexander
bids
Henderson
fetch
the
Keys
of
the
Chambers
from
one
Rynd
,
and
presently
after
one
Cr●uston
calls
Henderson
to
come
to
the
Earl
,
who
commanded
him
to
do
whatever
his
Brother
Alexander
should
bid
him
,
which
was
to
be
locked
up
in
the
round
Chamber
,
and
to
stay
there
silently
till
his
return
:
When
the
Dinner
was
near
over
,
and
the
King
eating
some
Fruit
,
and
the
Lords
and
other
Attendants
gone
to
eat
,
Alexander
begs
of
him
to
make
use
of
that
opportunity
,
and
withdraw
to
dispatch
the
Business
,
and
up
he
leads
him
through
four
or
five
Rooms
,
locking
every
Door
as
he
passed
behind
him
,
until
they
came
to
the
round
Chamber
,
where
Henderson
stood
armed
:
They
were
no
sooner
entred
,
but
Alexander
pulls
out
Henderson's
Dagger
,
held
it
to
the
King's
Breast
,
and
said
with
a
stern
Countenance
,
Now
,
Sir
,
you
must
know
I
had
a
Father
,
whose
Blood
calls
for
Revenge
,
and
you
must
Die
,
(
surely
if
this
had
been
true
,
the
very
fright
must
have
killed
King
James
)
but
to
proceed
,
the
King
seeing
his
danger
,
deals
gently
with
his
fury
,
excuses
himself
from
the
guilt
of
his
Death
,
by
his
then
Infancy
,
advising
him
not
to
lay
violent
hands
on
the
Sacred
Person
of
his
Sovereign
,
pleading
the
Laws
of
God
and
Man
,
and
his
Merits
in
Restoring
his
Brother
to
his
Estate
and
Honours
,
by
Breeding
his
Sister
the
nearest
in
the
Queen's
Affections
,
and
by
his
Reception
of
himself
,
to
be
of
his
Bed-Chamber
,
and
withall
,
promising
Pardon
for
all
that
was
past
;
which
so
wrought
upon
Alexander
for
the
present
,
that
he
left
the
King
in
Henderson's
Custody
,
untill
he
returned
back
from
his
Brother
,
having
first
taken
an
Oath
of
the
King
not
to
stir
nor
cry
out
,
and
so
locks
them
both
in
;
Alexander
being
gone
,
Henderson
in
the
mean
time
relented
,
and
swore
he
would
not
kill
him
;
but
presently
Alexander
returns
with
a
String
in
his
Hand
,
and
said
,
Sir
,
There
is
no
Remedy
,
By
God
you
must
Die
,
and
so
strives
to
Bind
him
;
Nay
,
says
the
King
,
I
was
Born
free
,
and
will
not
be
Bound
,
and
so
struggling
together
,
Alexander
got
the
King's
Head
under
his
Arm
,
and
clapped
his
Hand
upon
his
Mouth
,
which
the
King
bit
by
the
Thumb
,
and
dragging
him
to
the
Window
,
bad
Henderson
open
it
;
where
the
King
cryed
out
to
the
back
Court
,
Treason
,
where
the
Duke
of
Lennox
,
Earl
of
Mar
,
and
others
,
were
in
pursuit
of
him
,
it
having
been
given
out
that
he
was
gone
the
back
way
into
the
Park
.
As
soon
as
they
knew
it
was
the
King
,
they
ran
to
the
Chamber
where
he
Dined
,
but
could
find
no
entrance
:
In
the
mean
time
,
John
Ramsey
,
Groom
of
the
Bed-Chamber
,
and
Sir
Thomas
Erskin
,
endeavoured
to
get
up
by
the
Turn-Pike
back-stairs
,
being
directed
thither
by
a
Boy
of
the
House
,
who
saw
Alexander
ascend
that
way
,
and
forcing
one
Door
open
,
found
them
panting
,
Ramsey
immediately
draws
his
Fauchion
,
and
run
Alexander
in
the
Belly
,
(
being
bid
to
strike
low
,
for
the
King
found
him
armed
with
a
Coat
of
Mail
)
and
so
with
the
assistance
of
Sir
Thomas
Erskin
,
Doctor
Herres
,
and
one
Wilson
,
quickly
dispatched
him
,
whilst
Henderson
slipt
out
of
the
way
;
but
the
danger
was
not
yet
over
,
for
perceiving
by
the
noise
of
unlocking
the
Doors
,
that
the
Earl
himself
was
coming
to
assault
them
,
they
advised
the
King
to
withdraw
into
the
Lobby
,
but
first
cast
the
King's
Coat
over
the
Dead
Body
;
which
was
no
sooner
done
,
but
the
Earl
enters
by
his
double
Keys
,
attended
with
seven
of
his
Servants
,
the
foreway
,
and
his
Case
of
Rapiers
,
and
his
usual
Arms
ready
drawn
,
to
whom
Erskin
,
to
divert
him
from
his
purpose
)
earnestly
said
,
What
do
you
mean
,
my
Lord
,
the
King
is
killed
,
and
points
to
his
Brothers
covered
Body
bleeding
on
the
Floor
;
at
which
Gowry
stoops
,
dropping
the
points
of
his
Weapons
,
when
suddenly
Herres
assaulted
him
with
his
Sword
,
and
being
seconded
by
Ramsey
,
struck
him
to
the
Heart
,
yet
not
so
readily
,
but
that
the
Earl
thrust
him
into
the
Thigh
,
assisted
by
Cranston
,
who
wounded
Erskin
and
Herres
in
the
Hand
,
and
they
him
through
the
Body
,
and
lived
only
long
enough
to
be
hanged
and
quartered
:
Then
came
in
the
Lords
and
the
rest
of
the
Company
,
and
after
having
surveyed
the
Earl's
Body
,
they
found
it
did
not
Bleed
,
till
a
Parchment
was
taken
out
of
his
Bosom
,
with
Characters
in
it
,
and
these
Letters
,
which
put
together
,
made
Tetragrammaton
,
having
been
told
,
as
the
Story
went
,
his
Blood
should
not
be
spilt
as
long
as
he
had
that
spell
:
This
is
the
substance
of
the
Conspiracy
.
I
will
not
descant
upon
the
many
Absurdities
and
incoherent
Circumstances
couched
under
this
Relation
,
but
will
leave
it
to
the
Readers
Censure
,
and
tell
you
only
that
most
Authors
that
have
mentioned
it
,
seem
to
turn
the
Tables
to
lay
the
Assassination
at
the
King's
door
,
and
one
I
find
,
(
Sir
J.
H.
)
saying
,
he
Blasphemed
God
for
his
pretended
Deliverance
once
a
year
all
his
life
after
;
but
Mr.
Wilson
is
a
little
more
modest
,
who
expresses
himself
hereupon
to
this
purpose
:
This
year
,
August
5.
(
being
the
first
of
the
King's
Reign
in
England
)
had
a
new
Title
given
to
it
,
the
King's
Delivery
in
the
North
must
resound
here
,
whether
the
Gowries
attempted
upon
the
King's
Person
,
or
the
King
upon
theirs
is
variously
reported
;
It
may
be
he
retained
something
of
his
Predecessor
,
and
great
Parent
,
Henry
VII
.
that
made
Religion
give
way
to
Policy
,
oftentimes
Cursing
and
Thundring
out
the
Churches
Fulminations
against
his
own
Ministers
,
that
they
might
be
received
with
the
more
intimate
Familiarity
with
his
Foreign
Enemies
for
the
better
discovery
of
their
Designs
;
I
will
not
say
the
Celebration
of
this
Holy-Day
had
so
much
Profaneness
,
for
Fame
may
be
a
Slanderer
,
but
where
there
is
a
strength
of
Policy
,
there
is
always
a
power
of
wordly
Wisdom
that
manages
and
sways
it
.
I.
began
his
Reign
over
Great-Britain
,
Mar.
24.
1602.
Now
we
are
to
transplant
the
Scene
into
the
Southern
part
of
the
British
Isle
,
for
our
bright
Occidental
Star
,
Queen
Elizabeth
,
of
famous
Memory
,
having
for
the
space
of
above
forty
four
years
,
shined
in
our
British
Horizon
,
and
darted
out
the
Rays
of
her
Renown
to
the
remotest
parts
of
the
habitable
Globe
,
and
now
exchanged
an
Earthly
for
an
Heavenly
Diadem
,
King
James
succeeded
her
in
all
her
Dominions
;
who
being
both
a
Protestant
and
a
Pacifick
King
,
diverted
the
Fears
of
the
English
,
and
made
some
Allay
of
Grief
in
their
Hearts
,
for
the
lost
of
their
Nursing
Mother
and
Sovereign
Lady
,
who
,
though
she
were
glorious
and
happy
,
almost
in
all
her
Affairs
,
during
the
course
of
her
long
Reign
,
yet
she
may
be
truly
said
to
have
been
much
more
celebrated
after
her
Death
;
for
the
Vices
of
others
,
and
Male-Administration
of
this
,
and
the
succeeding
Reigns
,
erected
a
more
lasting
Monument
of
Renown
,
and
contributed
a
more
indelible
lustre
to
her
Fame
,
than
any
of
the
worthiest
Atcheivements
of
her
Life
,
so
that
it
may
be
as
truly
said
of
her
,
as
it
was
of
old
,
by
Suetonius
,
concerning
that
brave
Roman
,
Germanicus
,
Auxit
gloriam
desideriumque
defunctae
insequentium
temp●rum
atrocitas
.
Here
for
a
time
we
are
to
expect
nothing
but
Shows
,
Pageants
,
Creations
of
Honours
,
(
of
which
King
James
was
never
no
niggard
)
and
all
manner
of
Jollity
;
but
the
advancement
of
some
so
far
disgusted
others
,
who
thought
themselves
neglected
,
that
it
produced
him
a
Conspiracy
,
as
the
Authors
of
that
Age
know
not
what
to
make
off
;
it
was
apparent
the
muddy
Waters
were
stirred
,
but
it
was
with
such
a
mixture
,
that
little
could
be
visible
in
it
;
For
Sir
Walter
Rawleigh
,
the
Lords
Cobham
and
Grey
,
were
Protestants
,
Markham
,
Baynam
,
and
the
two
Priests
,
were
Popish
:
the
Charge
was
,
that
they
had
endeavoured
all
in
Conjunction
to
introduce
Popery
,
to
seize
the
King
and
Prince
,
and
to
set
the
Crown
up-the
Head
of
the
Lady
Arabella
Steward
,
younger
Brother
to
Henry
Lord
Darnley
,
both
Sons
to
Matthew
Earl
of
Lennox
,
by
his
Wife
Margaret
,
Daughter
by
the
Earl
of
Angus
to
Margaret
the
Mother
of
James
V.
and
Daughter
of
Henry
VII
.
But
this
was
a
sorry
foundation
to
go
upon
,
and
so
the
superstructure
thus
huddled
together
,
could
not
last
long
,
wherefore
the
execution
of
some
,
and
Imprisonment
of
the
rest
,
quickly
dissipated
this
Cloud
,
and
all
was
Serene
again
,
and
Halcion
days
:
But
here
give
me
leave
to
say
somewhat
,
as
well
in
Vindication
of
the
Memory
of
that
true
Englishman
,
and
Noble
Gentleman
,
Sir
Walter
Rawleigh
,
who
was
Condemned
for
this
Conspiracy
,
and
Beheaded
many
years
after
,
(
when
he
had
been
General
by
the
King's
Commission
,
and
had
by
that
,
Power
over
the
Lives
of
many
others
,
contrary
to
the
Civil
Law
,
which
says
,
He
that
hath
Power
over
the
Lives
of
others
,
ought
to
be
Master
of
his
own
;
)
as
to
shew
the
perversion
of
Justice
in
that
Reign
,
and
the
poorness
of
the
King's
Spirit
to
be
gull'd
at
that
rate
by
his
Ministers
,
in
this
,
as
well
as
other
Particulars
:
Sir
Walter
was
Tryed
at
Winchester
,
and
made
a
brave
Defence
;
All
the
material
Evidence
brought
against
him
,
was
,
the
Lord
Cobham's
Accusation
,
which
he
only
desired
might
appear
,
(
viva
voce
)
and
he
would
yield
without
any
further
Defence
;
but
that
would
not
be
granted
,
for
they
knew
full
well
,
Cobham
would
not
,
or
could
not
accuse
him
,
you
must
know
,
Wade
,
then
Lieutenant
of
the
Tower
,
and
a
great
Creature
of
the
Earl
of
Salisbury's
,
had
tampered
with
Cobham
about
the
aforesaid
Accusation
of
Rawleigh
,
knowing
Cobham's
weakness
,
but
that
would
not
do
,
and
therefore
he
circumvented
him
one
day
,
by
getting
of
him
to
set
his
Name
in
a
blank
piece
of
Paper
,
and
so
filled
up
the
Accusation
himself
;
Salisbury
,
Rawleigh's
great
Enemy
,
being
thus
armed
against
him
,
urg●d
Sir
Walter
several
times
to
yield
upon
the
producing
of
his
Accusation
under
Cobham's
own
Hand
;
Sir
Walter
answered
,
he
knew
Cobham's
weak
Judgment
,
and
did
not
know
how
far
he
might
be
imposed
upon
,
but
was
confident
he
would
not
accuse
him
to
his
Face
,
and
therefore
would
not
put
his
Life
upon
that
hazard
;
and
thus
the
Trial
held
till
nine
at
night
;
at
last
,
his
Fate
carried
him
against
his
Reason
,
and
he
yielded
upon
the
producing
his
Hand
,
which
was
immediately
done
,
(
and
it
was
in
truth
his
Hand
)
but
none
of
his
Act.
It
happened
some
years
after
this
,
that
Queen
Anne
fell
into
a
desperate
and
't
was
believed
,
incureable
fit
of
Sickness
,
and
●hen
the
Skill
of
all
her
Physicions
had
failed
,
Sir
Walter
,
by
his
long
Studies
▪
having
arrived
to
an
admirable
Perfection
in
Chymistry
,
was
sent
to
,
who
undertook
and
performed
the
Cure
,
for
which
he
would
receive
no
other
Reward
,
but
that
her
Majesty
would
procure
certain
Lords
to
be
sent
to
Cobham
,
to
examine
him
,
Whether
he
had
accused
Sir
Walter
Rawleigh
of
Treason
at
any
time
under
his
Hand
.
The
King
,
at
the
Queen's
Request
,
as
in
Justice
he
could
do
no
less
,
sent
six
Lords
,
viz.
the
Duke
of
Lennox
,
the
Earls
of
Salisbury
,
Worcester
,
Suffolk
,
Sir
George
Carew
,
and
Sir
Julius
Caesar
,
to
Interrogate
with
Cobham
upon
the
said
Head
;
Cobham
protested
he
never
did
nor
could
accuse
Sir
Walter
,
but
said
,
That
Villain
Wade
,
after
a
long
Sollicitation
so
to
do
,
but
not
prevailing
,
got
him
by
a
trick
to
write
his
Name
upon
a
piece
of
Paper
,
which
he
dreaming
of
no
harm
,
did
,
so
that
if
any
Charge
came
under
his
Hand
,
it
must
have
been
forged
by
Wade
,
by
Writing
something
above
his
Name
,
without
his
Consent
or
Privity
;
The
Lords
returning
to
the
King
,
made
Salisbury
their
Spokesman
,
who
elusively
said
,
Sir
,
My
Lord
Cobham
hath
made
good
all
that
ever
he
said
;
and
so
the
matter
rested
,
Sir
Walter
being
no
ways
relieved
hereby
,
but
the
King
further
possest
with
his
guilt
;
but
surely
the
baseness
of
those
Lords
,
and
the
King's
credulity
,
were
unpardonable
Crimes
.
Soon
after
this
Hodge-podge
of
a
Plot
,
the
King
and
Queen
were
Crowned
in
great
Pomp
at
Westminster
;
And
the
same
year
a
Conference
was
managed
at
Hampton-Court
,
between
the
Prelatical
and
Puritan
Party
,
the
latter
conceiving
great
hopes
,
that
because
of
the
King's
Education
in
the
Scots
Discipline
,
he
would
be
of
their
side
,
but
they
mistook
quite
their
mark
,
for
he
was
by
that
time
become
Heart
and
Soul
Episcopal
,
and
to
give
evident
Demonstration
of
his
entire
Conversion
,
issues
out
a
Proclamation
,
(
of
which
no
Prince
was
ever
so
prodigal
,
and
which
at
last
,
as
naturally
happens
,
were
as
little
regarded
)
for
Uniformity
in
Religion
according
to
Law
Established
;
then
at
length
comes
a
Parliament
,
between
whom
and
the
King
,
notwithstanding
some
mutual
Caresses
for
a
time
,
arose
several
Jars
and
Jealousies
,
but
the
discovery
of
the
Gun-Powder
Treason
attributed
to
the
King's
Wisdom
and
Foresight
,
seemed
for
a
time
to
heal
all
the
Breaches
;
which
hellish
Contrivance
against
the
King
and
Kingdom
,
will
fall
pertinently
enough
to
be
noted
in
this
place
.
The
Popish
Party
finding
their
Petition
for
a
Toleration
of
Religion
rejected
,
grew
enraged
thereat
,
and
now
nothing
would
serve
but
the
Destruction
of
King
,
Prince
,
and
the
Representative
Body
of
the
whole
Nation
in
Parliament
;
and
to
that
end
they
hid
36
Barrels
of
Gun-Powder
under
the
Parliament
House
;
the
principal
Contriver
whereof
was
Robert
Catesby
,
a
Gentleman
of
a
plentiful
Estate
,
who
made
choice
of
Thomas
Piercy
,
Winter
Grant
,
Ambrose
Rookwood
,
(
I
am
told
,
the
Ancestor
of
the
late
Ambrose
Rookwood
executed
for
Conspiring
the
Death
of
our
Renowned
Sovereign
King
William
)
Wright
,
Tresham
,
Sir
Everard
Digby
,
and
others
,
who
are
all
bound
to
Secresie
by
those
Sacraments
which
are
the
greatest
Ties
upon
the
Soul
,
and
St.
Garnet
,
the
Jesuit
,
was
their
Confessor
:
Piercy
was
to
hire
the
Cellars
under
the
Parliament
House
,
to
lay
Wood
and
Coals
in
for
his
Winters
Store
,
and
Guido
Faux
,
a
desperate
Ruffian
,
(
who
was
to
give
Fire
to
the
Train
)
was
appointed
to
be
his
Man
to
bring
in
Wood
and
Coals
;
The
Gun-Powder
bought
in
Flanders
,
was
brought
in
the
Night
from
Lambeth
,
and
covertly
laid
under
the
Wood
,
and
every
thing
made
ready
against
the
7th
of
February
,
whereon
the
Parliament
was
to
meet
;
but
the
Parliament
being
providentially
Prorogued
to
the
5th
of
November
following
,
this
dispersed
the
Conspirators
for
the
present
,
and
made
them
almost
at
their
Wits
end
;
but
reassuming
again
their
former
Courage
,
they
resolve
to
carry
on
their
Villany
,
and
to
bear
up
with
Patience
till
the
day
came
;
They
were
sure
the
King
and
Prince
must
perish
with
the
blow
,
as
for
the
Duke
of
York
,
Piercy
undertook
to
dispatch
him
,
but
the
Lady
Elizabeth
they
resolved
to
save
,
that
under
her
Minority
and
Innocency
,
they
might
the
better
establish
their
Bloody
Principles
of
Piety
and
Policy
,
and
to
that
end
they
appointed
a
great
Hunting
Match
to
be
at
Dunsemore-Heath
in
Warwickshire
,
to
be
nearer
the
Lord
Harrington's
House
,
where
the
Lady
Elizabeth
then
was
on
the
5th
of
November
aforesaid
;
Thus
Solacing
themselves
in
this
Bloody
Expectation
,
and
thinking
all
Cock-sure
,
one
tender-hearted
Murderer
among
the
rest
,
writ
a
Letter
to
the
Lord
Monteagle
,
wishing
him
to
have
a
care
of
himself
,
and
to
forbear
his
Attendance
at
that
Parliament
,
for
God
and
Man
had
concurred
to
punish
the
Wickedness
of
the
time
,
and
they
should
receive
a
terrible
blow
,
and
yet
not
see
who
hurt
them
;
The
Lord
Monteagle
thinking
there
might
be
something
in
the
Letter
o●
dangerous
Consequence
,
though
he
understood
it
not
,
carried
the
same
to
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
who
also
could
not
tell
what
to
make
of
it
;
but
upon
the
King
's
coming
to
Whitehall
from
Royston
,
where
he
had
been
Hunting
of
a
Hare
,
he
shewed
him
the
Letter
,
who
being
naturally
of
a
fearful
Temper
,
and
suspicious
Mind
,
ordered
the
Earl
of
Suffolk
,
and
Lord
Monteagle
,
to
make
a
search
about
the
Parliament
House
,
who
entring
into
the
Cellar
,
and
observing
the
Stores
as
aforesaid
,
enquired
of
the
Wardrobe
Keeper
,
Mr.
Winyard
,
(
who
was
also
House-keeper
)
whose
they
were
;
Winyard
replied
,
he
had
let
the
Cellar
to
one
Thomas
Percy
,
and
close
in
a
Corner
there
stood
Faux
,
who
being
asked
,
who
he
was
,
said
,
Percy
's
Servant
:
The
Lords
for
the
present
left
all
things
as
they
found
them
,
but
departed
full
of
Suspicion
;
the
Lord
Monteagle
assuring
himself
,
the
forementioned
Letter
must
come
from
Percy
,
for
there
were
some
little
intimacy
between
them
;
and
gave
the
King
and
Council
a
Relation
of
their
Proceedings
,
who
resolved
that
night
to
make
a
further
search
,
and
committed
it
to
the
management
of
Sir
Thomas
Knevet
,
a
Gentleman
of
approved
Fidelity
,
and
who
with
a
suitable
Assistance
,
coming
to
the
Cellar
about
midnight
,
met
Faux
at
the
Door
,
on
whom
he
presently
seized
,
and
proceeding
in
his
search
,
pulled
out
the
Core
of
all
that
Horrid
Contrivance
;
whereupon
Faux
confessed
all
,
being
only
sorry
it
came
not
to
perfection
,
and
saying
,
God
would
have
concealed
it
,
and
the
Devil
only
discovered
it
:
In
his
Pockets
they
found
a
Watch
,
(
which
were
not
common
then
)
and
a
Tinder-Box
,
Engines
to
minute
out
his
time
to
strike
the
fatal
blow
:
The
Conspirators
finding
all
detected
,
hastened
for
all
that
to
the
Hunting
Match
aforesaid
,
furnishing
themselves
with
Horses
by
breaking
open
several
Stables
,
and
taking
their
choice
,
but
the
Sherriffs
of
Warwickshire
and
Worcestershire
pursued
them
so
hard
,
that
at
last
they
were
forced
to
earth
themselves
at
Littleton's
House
at
Halbech
,
where
Percy
and
Catesby
were
slain
with
a
few
more
,
and
the
rest
taken
Prisoners
,
and
afterwards
Hanged
:
This
happy
Deliverance
was
Celebrated
with
great
Joy
,
and
Foreign
Princes
,
though
Popish
,
would
Congratulate
the
Discovery
▪
and
the
Parliament
made
an
Act
for
the
perpetual
Solemnizing
of
the
day
of
Deliverance
with
publick
Thanksgivings
.
So
things
continued
for
a
time
,
and
the
King
of
Denmark
,
the
Queen's
Brother
,
coming
over
to
visit
the
King
and
his
Sister
,
the
Summer
following
added
a
greater
gust
to
the
Recreations
and
Pastimes
of
the
Court
,
now
wallowing
in
all
sensual
Pleasures
,
as
if
the
Devil
was
quite
laid
,
and
ne'er
more
Storms
to
be
feared
from
any
Quarter
;
but
the
Parliaments
stiffness
to
supply
their
Court
Extravagancies
in
time
of
Peace
;
and
rejection
of
the
King
's
much
desired
proposal
to
unite
both
Nations
by
a
Naturalization
of
the
Scots
,
without
they
would
come
under
the
English
Laws
and
Government
,
was
some
allay
to
his
Delights
;
At
last
,
an
accident
broke
out
,
which
wrought
in
him
no
small
disquiet
,
as
you
have
already
heard
,
while
King
James
was
only
King
of
Scotland
,
that
he
was
entirely
at
his
Favourites
Devotion
,
which
as
has
been
related
had
many
Tragical
Effects
;
you
must
know
,
he
was
become
no
changling
now
he
was
King
of
England
;
and
among
others
,
one
Robert
Carr
,
a
young
Man
,
of
no
fortune
in
the
World
,
and
who
it
seems
had
been
formerly
one
of
his
Pages
in
Scotland
,
coming
to
Court
in
a
good
Garb
,
and
being
a
comely
Person
,
was
taken
notice
of
by
the
King
,
and
in
a
short
time
was
Knighted
by
him
,
made
Gentleman
of
his
Bed-Chamber
,
Viscount
Rochester
,
and
at
length
Earl
of
Sommerset
,
and
over-topped
all
the
rest
of
his
Favourites
abundantly
,
even
to
Cope
with
the
Prince
himself
,
who
disdaining
to
be
thus
bearded
by
an
upstart
of
yesterday
,
would
not
afford
him
a
good
look
,
nor
speak
to
him
;
and
some
said
,
that
some
love
Jealousies
,
the
Prince
being
now
in
his
Puberty
,
encreased
the
Emulation
between
Carr
and
him
.
The
Countess
of
Essex
,
then
a
top
Gallant
Lady
in
the
Bloom
of
her
years
,
and
disdaining
the
Company
of
the
Noble
Earl
her
Husband
,
being
the
Bane
of
Contention
between
them
;
but
be
this
as
it
will
,
the
Countess
was
enamoured
on
the
Favourite
,
and
cast
her
Love-Anchor
there
;
but
I
should
think
the
Prince
above
all
these
Thoughts
,
by
the
following
passage
;
for
being
on
a
time
Dancing
among
the
Ladies
,
and
the
Countesses
Glove
falling
down
,
it
was
taken
up
and
presented
to
him
,
by
one
that
thought
he
did
him
acceptable
Service
,
but
the
Prince
refused
to
receive
it
,
saying
publickly
,
He
would
not
have
it
,
it
was
streatched
by
another
,
meaning
Carr
,
then
Viscount
Rochester
.
But
things
could
not
continue
long
in
this
State
,
for
as
the
Court
were
full
of
Rejoycings
upon
the
Palsgrave's
arrival
in
England
to
Marry
the
Lady
Elizabeth
;
there
was
a
damp
struck
upon
the
Hearts
of
all
true
Englishmen
upon
the
suddain
immature
and
I
doubt
,
violent
death
of
the
Noble
Prince
Henry
in
the
flower
of
his
years
;
Sir
A.
W.
says
,
his
death
had
been
foretold
by
one
Bruce
a
famous
Scotch
Astrologer
,
for
the
which
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
caused
him
to
be
banished
,
who
left
this
farewell
with
the
Earl
;
That
it
should
be
too
true
,
but
that
his
Lordship
should
not
live
to
see
it
;
The
Earl
dying
in
Day
,
and
the
Prince
in
November
following
,
to
the
infinite
grief
of
all
but
Sommerset
,
and
the
Family
of
the
Howards
,
who
by
his
death
thought
themselves
secured
from
all
future
dangers
;
for
he
being
an
open
Prince
,
and
hating
all
baseness
,
would
often
say
,
He
would
not
leave
one
of
that
Family
to
piss
against
a
Wall
.
I
do
not
know
why
Sir
Anthony
might
not
have
put
the
King
himself
into
the
foresaid
number
;
I
am
sure
he
shewed
but
small
symptoms
of
Sorrow
at
his
death
,
which
happened
(
as
was
said
)
but
then
in
November
,
by
his
commanding
no
Man
should
appear
at
Court
in
Mourning
in
the
Christmass
Holidays
following
,
the
Jollity
,
Feasting
,
and
Magnificence
whereof
must
not
be
laid
aside
upon
any
account
whatsoever
;
it
is
certain
that
the
Princes
Court
was
frequented
more
than
the
King
's
,
and
by
another
sort
of
Men
;
so
that
the
King
,
upon
seeing
of
him
once
at
a
distance
in
the
Park
,
with
a
far
more
numerous
Train
than
himself
,
was
heard
to
say
,
What
will
he
bury
me
alive
.
jealousie
is
like
a
fire
that
burns
all
before
it
,
and
that
fire
is
hot
enough
to
dissolve
all
Bonds
that
tend
to
the
diminution
of
a
Crown
;
Don
Carlos
,
Prince
of
Spain
,
and
Henry's
Contemporary
,
not
long
before
this
,
for
wishing
himself
but
one
day
in
his
Father's
Throne
,
fell
soon
after
into
the
hard
hand
of
an
immature
fate
;
However
,
it
were
the
manner
of
the
Prince's
death
was
variously
rumour'd
,
some
saying
he
was
poison'd
with
a
bunch
of
Grapes
,
others
with
the
venemous
scent
of
a
pair
of
Gloves
presented
to
him
;
and
some
again
,
that
a
French
Physician
gave
him
poison
;
and
it
was
observed
,
that
poison
was
never
more
in
fashion
than
at
this
time
;
but
surely
there
was
something
black
enough
in
it
;
for
when
Sir
Thomas
Mouson
,
a
long
time
after
,
who
was
one
of
the
Countess
of
Essex's
Agents
in
the
poisoning
of
Sir
Thomas
Overbury
had
past
one
days
Trial
at
Guildhall
,
the
Lord
Chief
Justice
Coke
vented
some
expressions
,
as
if
he
could
discover
more
than
the
death
of
a
private
Person
,
saying
,
God
knows
what
is
become
of
that
sweet
Babe
Prince
Henry
,
but
I
know
somewhat
;
and
blessing
himself
at
the
horror
of
such
villanies
as
came
to
his
knowledge
;
and
't
was
believed
,
that
in
searching
the
Cabinets
,
he
had
lighted
on
some
Papers
that
spake
plain
in
that
which
was
ever
whispered
;
and
what
strongly
increased
the
suspicion
was
,
that
Monson's
Trial
was
laid
aside
,
he
quickly
set
at
liberty
,
and
the
Chief
Justices
wings
clipt
for
ever
after
.
And
no
less
jealousie
did
something
relating
to
the
Earl
of
Somerset's
Trial
for
the
said
Murder
of
Overbury
,
create
in
Men's
Minds
about
this
matter
;
for
when
the
Lieutenant
of
the
Tower
,
according
to
Custom
,
gave
Somerset
notice
of
his
Trial
next
day
,
he
absolutely
refused
it
,
saying
,
They
should
carry
him
in
his
Bed
,
that
the
King
had
assured
him
,
he
should
not
come
to
any
Trial
,
neither
durst
the
King
bring
him
to
any
;
this
was
an
high
strain
,
and
a
Language
not
understood
by
Sir
George
Moor
the
Lieutenant
,
and
tho'
otherwise
esteemed
a
wise
Man
,
it
reduced
him
to
his
Wits
end
;
After
some
pauses
,
he
at
last
resolves
to
go
to
the
King
,
then
at
Greenwich
,
as
late
as
it
was
,
being
Twelve
a
Clock
at
night
;
he
bounced
at
the
Back
Stairs
as
if
he
had
been
mad
;
to
whom
Jo.
Leveston
,
one
of
the
Grooms
came
out
of
his
Bed
,
and
enquired
the
reason
of
that
unreasonable
distemper
;
Moor
tells
him
he
must
speak
with
the
King
immediately
,
Loveston
answered
,
He
was
quieted
;
meaning
in
his
Scottish
Dialect
,
He
was
fast
asleep
,
but
Moor
said
he
must
awake
him
,
and
so
was
called
in
and
left
alone
with
the
King
in
his
Bed-chamber
,
where
he
tells
him
those
passages
that
happened
between
Sommerset
and
himself
,
and
desired
to
be
directed
by
the
King
what
he
should
do
;
for
he
was
gone
beyond
his
Reason
to
hear
such
bold
and
undutiful
Expressions
from
a
faulty
Subject
against
a
Just
Sovereign
;
Hereupon
the
King
falls
into
a
fit
of
Tears
,
and
said
,
On
my
Soul
,
Moor
,
I
wot
not
what
to
do
,
thou
art
a
Wise
Man
,
help
me
in
this
great
streight
;
and
thou
shalt
find
thou
dost
it
for
a
faithful
Master
;
with
other
sad
Expressions
to
the
same
purpose
;
Moor
leaves
the
King
in
that
Agony
,
but
first
assured
him
,
he
would
strain
his
Wits
to
the
utmost
for
to
serve
his
Majesty
,
and
was
really
rewarded
with
a
Suit
worth
1500
Pounds
,
tho'
he
was
cheated
of
one
half
by
a
true
Scot
that
pretended
great
friendship
to
him
;
he
returned
to
Sommerset
about
Three
next
Morning
,
which
was
the
day
he
was
to
come
to
his
Trial
,
and
told
him
,
he
had
been
with
the
King
;
found
him
a
most
Affectionate
Master
,
and
full
of
Grace
in
his
intentions
towards
him
;
but
said
for
to
satisfy
Justice
the
Earl
must
appear
,
tho'
to
return
again
instantly
,
without
any
further
proceedings
against
him
;
and
that
thereby
he
should
come
to
know
his
Enemies
,
and
their
Malice
,
tho'
they
should
have
no
power
to
hurt
him
;
with
this
device
he
allaid
the
Earl's
Fury
,
and
got
him
quietly
about
Eight
in
the
Morning
to
the
Hall
;
yet
fearing
his
former
bold
Language
might
revert
him
again
,
and
that
finding
himself
thus
brought
within
the
Toye
by
this
trick
,
he
might
be
more
enraged
to
fly
into
some
strange
discovery
;
he
took
care
to
place
two
Servants
on
each
side
of
him
;
every
one
having
a
Cloak
on
their
Arms
,
and
gave
them
a
positive
Command
,
If
Sommerset
did
any
way
fly
out
against
the
King
,
that
they
should
immediately
Hoodwink
him
with
the
Cloak
,
take
him
by
force
from
the
Bar
and
carry
him
away
,
for
which
he
would
not
only
secure
them
from
any
danger
,
but
they
should
be
sure
of
a
bountiful
Reward
;
but
the
Earl
finding
himself
over-reached
;
recollected
a
better
temper
and
went
on
calmly
in
his
Tryal
,
where
he
held
the
Court
till
Seven
at
night
;
but
he
that
had
seen
the
King's
restless
motion
,
and
concernedness
of
Mind
all
that
day
,
by
his
sending
to
every
Boat
he
saw
landing
at
the
Bridge
,
and
cursing
all
that
came
without
tidings
,
would
have
easily
judged
,
all
was
not
right
,
and
that
there
were
very
good
grounds
for
Sommerset's
boldness
;
but
at
last
having
word
brought
him
that
he
was
condemned
,
with
the
particulars
of
the
Trial
,
all
was
quiet
.
You
may
judge
of
the
Story
as
you
please
,
but
my
Author
Sir
A.
W.
says
,
he
and
another
Gentleman
had
it
from
Sir
George
Moor's
own
Mouth
in
Wanstead
Park
;
and
't
is
very
remarkable
,
that
tho'
the
King
made
the
most
direful
imprecations
that
could
be
to
Sir
Edward
Coke
at
Theobalds
,
upon
the
discovery
of
Overbury's
Murder
,
he
would
pardon
any
thing
of
them
,
yet
he
gave
both
the
Earl
and
Countess
(
as
deep
in
the
sudds
as
any
)
a
Lease
of
their
Lives
,
allowed
the
Earl
4000
l.
per
Annum
,
and
kept
correspondence
with
him
by
Letters
,
almost
every
week
to
his
dying
day
.
I
shall
not
enter
upon
any
further
narration
of
Overbury's
death
,
of
the
Countess
of
Essex
Divorce
,
and
her
Marriage
with
Sommerset
,
how
the
Discovery
was
made
,
how
the
King
was
made
a
Pimp
(
as
he
told
Sir
Edward
Coke
)
to
carry
on
their
Bawdry
and
Murder
,
as
being
not
pertinent
to
the
present
Design
;
but
acquaint
you
that
the
Lady
Arabella
Steward
(
whose
Genealogy
we
have
already
given
you
)
dying
about
this
time
in
the
Tower
,
sets
Mens
Tongues
and
Fears
at
work
that
she
went
the
same
way
;
she
had
been
Married
some
years
before
to
Sir
William
Seymour
,
Son
to
the
Lord
Beauchamp
,
and
Grandchild
to
Edward
Earl
of
Hertford
,
and
both
of
them
being
at
some
distance
allyed
to
the
Crown
,
such
a
conjunction
would
not
be
admitted
in
the
Royal
Almanack
,
so
dreadful
is
every
Apparition
that
comes
near
Princes
Titles
,
especially
if
they
light
upon
jealous
and
weak
Minds
.
Sir
William
was
for
the
Marriage
committed
to
the
Tower
,
and
the
Lady
Arabella
confined
to
her
House
at
Highgate
;
but
both
of
them
after
some
imprisonment
,
concluded
to
make
their
escape
together
beyond
Sea
,
appointing
to
meet
at
a
certain
place
upon
the
Thames
:
Sir
William
leaving
his
Man
in
his
Bed
to
act
his
part
with
his
Keeper
,
got
out
of
the
Tower
in
disguise
,
and
came
to
the
place
appointed
;
she
dress'd
like
a
young
Gallant
in
Man's
Cloaths
,
followed
him
from
her
House
,
but
staying
somewhat
longer
than
the
limited
time
,
it
made
him
suspicious
of
her
interception
,
so
that
he
went
away
,
leaving
notice
if
she
came
,
that
he
was
gone
away
before
for
Dunkirke
;
the
poor
Lady
thus
desolate
,
fraught
with
Fears
,
and
lugging
in
her
slight
was
apprehended
,
and
sent
in
her
Husband's
room
into
the
Tower
,
where
she
ended
her
sorrowful
days
,
somewhat
too
early
,
as
was
generally
believed
,
tho'
no
clear
proof
thereof
could
e'r
be
made
;
it
's
certain
the
King
was
very
jealous
of
his
Title
to
the
Crown
,
which
at
times
made
him
very
uneasy
,
tho'
besides
actual
possession
,
he
had
apparently
the
best
of
any
Title
in
the
World
,
and
the
free
Speeches
of
his
Subjects
upon
that
head
,
did
not
a
little
contribute
to
that
uneasiness
,
as
was
that
of
Tobie
Matthews
Bishop
of
Durham
,
who
being
at
Law
with
the
King
about
some
Priviledges
,
which
he
claimed
in
his
Bishoprick
;
and
having
one
day
stated
the
case
before
some
of
his
Friends
,
and
they
seeming
to
approve
of
it
,
Yes
,
says
the
Bishop
,
I
could
wish
he
had
but
half
as
good
a
Title
to
the
Crown
.
But
one
Hydra's
Head
is
no
sooner
cut
off
,
but
up
starts
another
;
one
of
the
Judges
for
Wales
being
about
this
time
holding
the
general
Assizes
at
Pembrooke
,
there
was
among
other
Malefactors
brought
to
the
Bar
to
be
Tryed
for
Murder
,
one
whose
Name
was
Plantagenet
,
a
Name
that
for
some
hundreds
of
years
had
swayed
the
English
Scepter
,
from
the
time
of
Henry
II.
down
to
Henry
VII
.
the
Judge
hearing
of
the
Name
,
deferred
the
Man's
Tryal
,
and
sends
to
acquaint
the
King
with
it
,
who
upon
the
news
,
was
in
no
small
tiff
,
but
dispatcht
away
Orders
immediately
to
bring
the
Man
up
:
when
he
was
brought
into
his
Presence
,
Cousin
,
said
he
,
How
do
you
do
?
the
poor
Man
in
a
trembling
amazement
,
made
no
ready
Answer
;
but
at
length
recollecting
his
Spirits
,
replyed
,
He
knew
of
no
Relation
he
was
to
his
Majesty
;
nay
,
but
,
said
the
King
,
If
thy
Name
be
Plantagenet
,
thou
must
be
my
Cousin
;
and
so
entring
into
another
Communion
with
him
,
engaged
him
,
for
a
considerable
Reward
,
to
change
his
Name
into
that
of
Steward
,
from
whom
,
as
I
have
been
credibly
informed
,
the
Family
of
the
Stewards
,
late
of
the
County
of
H.
but
now
extinct
,
were
descended
.
It
was
now
the
Fifteenth
year
of
the
King's
Reign
,
when
he
goes
to
visit
his
Native
Country
of
Scotland
,
accompanied
with
Buchingham
,
now
prime
Favourite
;
but
upon
his
return
,
some
of
the
looser
Bishops
,
pretending
Recreations
and
Liberty
to
Servants
,
and
the
common
People
(
of
which
they
craved
to
themselves
too
much
already
)
procured
the
King
to
put
out
a
Book
to
permit
Dancing
about
Maypoles
,
Churchyards
,
and
such
debauched
exercises
upon
the
Lords
Day
,
after
Evening
Prayer
,
wherein
all
Ministers
were
enjoined
to
read
it
to
their
Parishioners
,
and
those
that
refused
,
were
brought
into
the
High
Commission
,
which
was
Plague
sufficient
;
but
this
brought
him
some
disquiet
,
and
particularly
one
time
the
King
being
to
go
from
London
to
Theobalds
on
a
Monday
Morning
,
his
Carriages
must
go
through
the
City
on
the
Sabbath-day
before
,
with
a
great
deal
of
clutter
and
noise
in
the
time
of
Divine
Worship
,
which
coming
to
the
Ears
of
the
Lord
Mayor
,
he
commanded
them
to
be
stopped
,
and
this
carried
the
Affairs
of
the
Carriages
with
a
great
deal
of
violence
into
the
Court
,
and
having
represented
the
business
to
the
King
,
with
as
much
asperity
as
Men
in
Authority
,
crossed
in
their
Humors
,
could
express
the
same
;
it
put
the
King
into
a
great
Rage
,
Swearing
,
He
thought
there
was
no
more
Kings
in
England
but
himself
;
but
after
he
was
a
little
calmed
,
he
sent
a
Warrant
to
the
Lord
Mayor
,
commanding
him
to
let
them
pass
,
which
he
obeyed
,
with
this
Answer
,
While
it
was
in
my
power
,
I
did
my
Duty
,
but
that
being
taken
away
by
a
higher
Power
,
It
's
my
Duty
to
obey
;
which
the
King
upon
second
Thoughts
took
so
well
,
that
he
thanked
him
for
it
And
now
the
Troubles
of
his
Daughter
and
Son-in-law
,
by
assuming
the
Crown
of
Bohemia
,
come
on
apace
;
which
ended
,
not
only
in
the
loss
of
that
Crown
,
but
even
of
his
own
Patrimony
the
Palatinate
;
and
together
,
with
the
Match
with
Spain
for
his
Son
Prince
Charles
perplex'd
the
remainder
of
his
Reign
,
and
wrought
him
continual
trouble
,
having
spent
more
Treasure
upon
Embassies
;
when
the
former
then
would
have
raised
and
maintained
a
sufficient
Army
to
recover
his
Son-in-law's
Patrimony
,
owning
in
his
Speech
to
the
Parliament
,
Jan.
20.
and
the
Eighteenth
year
of
his
Reign
;
that
my
Lord
Doncaster's
Journey
upon
that
account
had
cost
him
Three
thousand
five
hundred
Pounds
:
but
he
was
very
modest
,
and
minced
the
matter
,
being
indeed
ashamed
to
tell
the
whole
Summ
,
which
amounted
to
a
far
greater
proportion
,
and
may
be
guessed
at
by
the
following
Relation
:
When
he
Landed
at
Rotterdam
,
his
Expences
the
first
Morning
before
he
went
to
the
Hague
,
in
the
Inn
where
he
lay
,
came
to
above
Two
hundred
Pounds
;
now
this
splendid
and
expensive
Living
coming
to
be
known
by
the
Inn
keeper
of
the
Peacock
at
Dort
,
&c.
(
hoping
he
would
make
that
place
in
his
way
to
Germany
)
made
great
preparations
for
him
of
his
own
head
,
without
any
other
Order
;
but
my
Lord
taking
his
way
by
Vtrecht
,
the
Inn-keeper
followed
him
,
complaining
heavily
,
how
he
was
baulked
in
his
expectations
,
and
what
Charge
he
had
been
at
to
provide
for
his
Lordship
;
which
at
length
coming
to
the
Lord's
Ear
,
he
commanded
his
Steward
to
give
him
Thirty
Pounds
,
and
never
tasted
of
his
Fare
;
and
it
was
credibly
assured
by
some
of
his
Retinue
,
that
his
very
Carriage
could
cost
no
less
than
Threescore
Pounds
a
day
,
for
he
had
abundance
of
young
Nobles
and
others
in
his
company
,
so
that
upon
a
modest
computation
of
the
whole
expence
of
his
Journey
,
it
could
amount
to
no
less
than
Fifty
or
Threescore
thousand
Pounds
;
while
he
was
at
the
Hague
,
some
advised
old
Maurice
,
Prince
of
Orange
,
our
King
William's
Great
Unkle
to
Feast
him
;
Yes
,
,
Yes
,
said
the
Prince
,
Bid
him
come
;
when
the
Steward
had
notice
hereof
,
how
the
Prince
took
no
farther
notice
of
the
matter
,
he
attended
the
Prince
,
and
told
him
,
there
would
be
great
preparations
expected
,
for
the
Ambassadors
Ordinary
Meals
were
Feasts
,
and
he
had
a
very
numerous
and
splendid
Train
of
Nobles
and
Gentry
,
that
did
accompany
him
;
Well
,
said
the
Prince
,
Prepare
me
a
Dinner
,
such
as
I
used
to
have
,
and
let
me
see
the
Bill
of
Fare
;
when
the
Steward
brought
the
Bill
,
the
Prince
liked
it
very
well
,
but
the
Steward
said
,
Sir
,
This
is
but
your
ordinary
Diet
,
now
you
should
have
something
exttaordinary
,
because
this
is
an
Extraordinary
Ambassador
;
the
Prince
thinking
what
the
Steward
said
to
be
something
reasonable
,
and
finding
but
one
Pig
set
down
in
the
Bill
,
commanded
him
to
put
down
another
Pig
,
and
that
was
all
the
additions
he
would
make
;
for
knowing
the
Ambassador
to
be
a
Scotch
Man
,
and
that
they
generally
hate
Swines
flesh
,
it
seems
he
thought
nothing
a
fitter
Entertainment
for
him
than
a
couple
of
Pigs
;
but
the
King
's
mincing
of
these
matters
,
his
many
Carresses
,
Huffs
and
Protestations
would
not
do
with
the
Parliament
;
for
there
was
such
a
multiplication
of
Grievances
,
and
infringments
of
the
Peoples
Liberty
,
and
such
a
backwardness
from
the
Court
for
the
redress
of
them
,
that
at
length
they
were
dissolved
in
displeasure
,
and
this
set
every
Man's
Tongue
loose
upon
him
,
that
tho'
the
King
loved
Hunting
above
all
other
exercises
,
and
had
many
good
Hunters
about
him
,
yet
all
these
,
and
the
strength
of
a
Proclamation
to
forbid
talking
of
State
Affairs
,
could
not
refrain
them
from
mouthing
it
out
,
that
Great
Brittain
was
become
less
than
little
England
,
that
they
had
lost
strength
by
changing
Sexes
;
and
that
he
was
no
King
but
a
Fidlers
Son
,
otherwise
he
would
not
have
suffered
so
many
disorders
at
home
,
and
so
much
dishonour
abroad
;
and
the
story
of
David
Riccius
,
(
saith
Wilson
)
written
by
Buchanan
the
King
's
own
Tutor
,
had
been
like
to
die
in
every
Englishman's
Opinion
,
if
it
had
not
had
a
new
impression
by
these
miscarriages
.
These
Domestick
Troubles
,
together
with
the
many
delays
,
and
dissatisfactions
he
received
from
Spain
and
Rome
,
about
the
Spanish
Match
,
begot
him
so
much
trouble
and
vexation
of
Spirit
,
that
pressing
upon
his
Natural
Temper
,
it
wrought
some
Fits
of
Melancholy
in
him
,
which
those
about
him
with
facetious
Mirth
,
would
strive
to
mitigate
;
and
having
exhausted
their
store
,
or
not
making
use
of
such
as
were
more
pregnant
,
Buckingham
and
his
Mother
,
instead
of
Mirth
,
fell
upon
Prophaneness
,
thinking
thereby
to
please
him
,
and
perhaps
,
(
says
Wilson
)
they
were
only
mistaken
in
the
unseasonableness
of
the
time
,
being
not
then
suitable
to
the
Humour
;
for
they
caused
Mrs.
Aspernham
,
a
young
Gentlewoman
of
the
Kindred
,
to
dress
a
Pig
like
a
Child
,
and
the
old
Countess
like
a
Midwife
brought
it
into
the
King
in
a
rich
Mantle
;
And
then
Turpin
,
who
had
Married
one
of
the●
Kindred
,
(
whose
Name
was
renowned
for
a
Bishop
in
the
Romances
of
the
Emperor
Charlemaigne
)
was
drest
like
a
Bishop
in
a
Sattin
Gown
,
Lawn
Sleeves
,
and
other
Pontifical
Ornaments
;
who
with
the
Common-Prayer
Book
,
began
the
Words
of
Baptism
,
one
attending
with
a
silver
Bason
of
Water
for
the
Service
:
The
King
hearing
the
Ceremony
of
Baptism
read
,
and
the
squeeking
noise
of
the
Brute
Animal
,
which
he
most
abhorred
,
turned
about
to
see
what
Pageant
it
was
,
and
finding
Turpin's
Face
,
which
he
very
well
knew
,
drest
like
a
Bishop
,
and
Buckingham
,
whose
Face
●he
most
of
all
loved
,
stand
for
God-Father
,
he
cried
out
,
Away
,
for
shame
,
what
Blasphemy
is
this
;
and
turning
aside
with
a
frown
,
turned
all
the
sport
and
jollity
they
expected
,
to
a
cold
damp
of
Spirit
:
Neither
did
the
Prince's
going
into
Spain
any
ways
mend
the
matter
,
but
made
it
every
way
worse
and
worse
,
for
in
stead
of
Consummating
,
he
and
Buckingham
quite
broke
off
the
Match
,
which
King
James
had
so
much
set
his
rest
upon
,
but
what
was
worst
of
all
,
the
Duke
did
so
wind
himself
into
the
Affections
of
the
Prince
,
that
he
governed
the
Son
now
as
Despotically
as
ever
he
had
done
the
Father
,
and
this
had
another
Misfortune
attending
of
it
,
that
the
rising
Sun
was
now
Worshipped
,
and
the
old
King
neglected
,
which
yet
he
had
not
power
to
redress
,
and
which
no
doubt
hastned
his
Fate
,
as
we
are
now
just
ready
to
relate
unto
you
.
The
King
,
who
was
the
most
impatient
of
all
Men
,
to
be
told
of
his
Faults
,
was
so
out
of
love
with
Parliaments
for
that
very
Reason
,
that
by
his
Good-Will
he
would
never
have
called
another
;
but
Dire
necessity
,
which
has
no
Law
,
brought
him
once
more
to
it
,
and
so
a
Parliament
was
Summoned
to
meet
on
the
Twelfth
of
February
,
Anno
1623.
but
that
same
morning
,
as
a
kind
of
Presage
of
his
own
Destiny
,
the
King
missed
the
Duke
of
Richmond's
Attendance
,
who
being
a
constant
observer
of
him
at
all
times
,
the
King
did
now
as
it
were
want
one
of
his
Limbs
to
support
the
Grandeur
of
His
Majesty
at
such
a
Solemnity
;
and
calling
for
him
with
great
Earnestness
,
he
dispatched
a
Messenger
to
his
Lodgings
in
all
haste
,
where
the
King's
Command
,
and
the
Messengers
importunity
,
made
the
Dutchess
his
Wife
somewhat
unwillingly
go
to
his
Bed-side
,
when
drawing
the
Curtain
,
she
found
him
Dead
in
his
Bed
,
the
sad
News
whereof
was
carried
with
that
violence
to
the
King
,
that
he
would
not
Adorn
himself
that
day
to
Ride
in
Pomp
to
the
Parliament
House
,
but
put
it
off
till
the
nineteenth
of
February
,
Dedicating
some
part
of
that
time
to
the
memory
of
his
dead
Servant
.
The
Parliament
sate
at
the
time
appointed
,
and
upon
Buckingham's
fine
Narration
about
the
Spanish
Match
,
advised
the
King
to
break
off
the
Treaty
with
Spain
,
which
the
King
himself
seemed
forward
to
promote
,
being
now
got
quite
into
the
Prince
and
Duke's
Toll
,
and
sets
a
Treaty
of
Marriage
on
Foot
with
France
.
But
before
the
entire
Consummation
of
the
same
,
as
the
Duke
of
Richmond
was
the
long
,
so
now
the
Marquess
of
Hamilton
was
the
short
forerunner
of
the
King's
Death
;
both
which
,
't
was
believed
,
were
forwarded
by
the
same
hand
.
The
Marquess
Died
with
very
presumptuous
Symptoms
of
being
Poisoned
,
his
Head
and
Body
swelling
to
an
excessive
bigness
,
and
the
Body
being
all
over
full
of
great
Blisters
,
with
variety
of
Colours
;
the
Hairs
of
his
Head
,
Eye-brows
and
Beard
,
came
off
with
a
touch
,
and
brought
the
Skin
with
them
;
great
Clamour
there
was
about
it
in
the
Court
,
so
that
Doctors
were
sent
for
to
view
the
Body
,
but
the
matter
was
hudled
up
,
and
little
said
of
it
;
only
Doctor
Eglisham
,
a
Scotch
Man
,
was
something
bitter
against
the
Duke
,
as
if
he
had
been
Author
of
it
:
'T
is
certain
,
That
the
Marquess's
unwillingness
,
that
his
Son
should
Marry
the
Earl
of
Denbigh's
Daughter
,
the
Duke's
Niece
,
made
a
difference
between
them
,
with
some
other
concurring
Accidents
,
which
however
did
not
in
this
King's
time
break
out
into
a
Reflection
upon
the
Duke
,
being
bound
up
close
,
more
(
as
it
was
thought
)
by
his
Power
than
his
Innocence
.
Not
long
after
this
,
the
King
going
to
his
last
Hunting
Journey
,
to
wit
,
the
last
of
the
year
,
as
well
as
of
his
Life
,
he
fell
sick
of
a
Tertian
Ague
,
which
if
we
believe
the
Proverb
,
is
not
dangerous
in
the
Spring
,
and
had
a
few
Fits
of
it
;
having
this
Ague
upon
him
,
the
Countess
of
Buckingham
,
who
Trafficked
much
with
Mountebanks
,
and
whose
Fame
had
no
good
savour
,
tampered
with
him
in
the
absence
of
the
Doctors
,
and
the
Duke
her
Son
,
when
in
the
Judgment
of
the
Physicians
the
Ague
was
in
the
decline
,
did
apply
Plaisters
to
the
King's
Wrists
and
Belly
;
and
did
also
deliver
several
quantities
of
Drink
to
him
,
and
told
him
they
were
approved
Medecines
,
though
some
of
the
King's
Physicians
did
disallow
thereof
,
and
refused
to
to
meddle
further
with
the
King
till
the
said
Plaisters
were
removed
,
which
the
King
much
complained
off
,
and
was
glad
to
have
it
pulled
off
,
tho'
with
part
of
the
Skin
along
with
it
;
It
's
certain
the
King
found
himself
much
worse
after
the
said
application
,
and
that
an
high
Fever
,
Droughts
,
Raving
,
Fainting
,
and
an
intermittent
Pulse
followed
thereupon
;
and
't
is
manifest
he
was
himself
suspicious
of
foul
play
upon
him
,
for
when
one
of
his
faithful
Servants
saw
him
in
one
of
his
Fits
,
and
to
comfort
him
,
said
,
Courage
,
Sir
,
this
is
but
a
small
Fit
,
the
next
will
be
none
at
all
.
He
answer'd
,
Ah
,
't
is
not
the
Ague
that
afflicts
me
,
but
the
Black
Plaister
and
Powder
given
me
and
laid
to
my
Stomach
by
Buckingham
:
And
he
would
often
say
to
Montgomery
,
whom
he
trusted
above
all
Men
in
the
time
of
his
Sickness
,
For
God's
sake
look
I
have
fair
Play
.
When
he
was
near
the
point
of
Death
,
as
Buckingham
entred
the
King's
Chamber
,
one
of
his
honest
Servants
said
to
him
,
Ah
,
my
Lord
,
you
have
undone
us
all
his
poor
Servants
,
altho'
you
are
so
well
provided
for
you
need
not
care
:
With
which
words
the
Duke
was
so
stung
,
(
for
where
there
is
Guilt
it
will
quickly
appear
)
that
he
kickt
at
him
,
who
caught
his
Foot
,
and
made
his
Head
first
come
to
the
ground
;
where
presently
rising
,
he
ran
to
the
King's
Bed-side
,
and
cryed
,
Justice
,
Sir
,
I
am
abus'd
by
your
Servant
,
and
wrongfully
accus'd
:
At
which
the
poor
King
Mournfully
fix'd
his
Eyes
upon
him
,
as
if
he
would
have
said
,
Not
wrongfully
,
yet
without
Speech
or
Sence
;
But
before
his
Departure
he
called
for
the
Prince
his
Son
,
who
rising
out
of
his
Bed
,
something
before
day
,
and
presenting
himself
before
him
,
the
King
rouzed
up
his
Spirits
,
and
raised
himself
up
,
as
if
he
meant
to
speak
to
him
,
but
Nature
being
exhausted
,
he
had
not
strength
to
express
his
Intentions
;
but
soon
after
Expired
,
being
upon
Sunday
Morning
the
27th
of
March
,
1625.
at
Theobalds
,
in
the
Eight
and
fiftieth
year
of
his
Age
,
and
the
Two
and
twentieth
of
his
Reign
compleat
,
there
being
more
than
a
Presumption
,
that
he
run
the
same
Destiny
with
his
Ancestors
,
whose
Deaths
were
Violent
as
well
by
Father
,
as
Mother's
side
,
which
we
have
more
particularly
noted
;
for
Henry
Stuart
Lord
Darnley
,
his
own
Father
,
was
Strangled
,
and
carry'd
out
of
his
House
,
and
set
under
a
Tree
,
and
then
his
House
Blown
up
with
Gunpowder
;
his
Grandfather
Matthew
Stuart
Earl
of
Lenox
,
was
Shot
at
Sterlin
,
of
which
Wound
he
some
days
after
died
;
and
his
Great
Grandfather
John
Stuart
Earl
of
Lenox
was
slain
near
Linlithgow
,
in
a
Conflict
he
had
with
the
Hamiltonians
and
the
Douglasses
,
about
the
Enlargement
of
James
the
Fifth
.
The
Duke
,
't
is
true
,
did
afterward
endeavour
to
Purge
himself
from
the
foremention'd
Application
,
by
alleadging
,
he
had
receiv'd
both
the
Drink
and
Plaister
from
Doctor
Remington
at
Dunmore
in
Essex
,
who
had
often
Cured
Agues
and
such
Distempers
with
the
same
;
yet
they
were
Arguments
of
a
complicated
kind
,
and
not
to
be
easily
unfolded
;
considering
,
that
whatsoever
he
receiv'd
from
the
Doctor
in
the
Country
,
he
might
apply
what
he
pleas'd
to
the
King
at
the
Court
;
and
besides
,
had
the
Medicine
been
the
best
in
the
World
,
the
Act
was
Daring
,
and
no
ways
Justifiable
in
him
,
because
he
wanted
the
Consent
of
the
King's
Physitians
thereto
:
and
one
of
Buckingham's
great
Provocations
was
thought
to
be
,
that
the
King
now
being
weary
of
his
too
much
Greatness
and
Power
,
was
about
to
set
up
Bristol
,
his
deadly
Enemy
against
him
to
pull
him
down
:
The
Application
of
this
Medicine
was
one
of
the
13
Articles
charged
afterward
upon
the
Duke
by
the
Parliament
,
who
rarely
accuse
upon
false
Rumour
,
or
bare
Suggestion
;
and
surely
he
will
have
work
to
do
that
takes
upon
him
to
excuse
the
King
,
his
Successor
,
in
this
Matter
for
Dissolving
the
Parliament
,
to
preserve
one
that
was
accus'd
by
them
for
Poisoning
his
Father
;
especially
if
it
be
consider'd
,
that
the
Commons
had
then
Voted
him
Four
Subsidies
,
and
Four
Fifteenths
,
which
they
had
not
time
to
pass
into
an
Act.
What
did
farther
increase
Mens
suspicions
,
was
,
one
Doctor
Lamb
(
a
Fellow
of
a
most
Infamous
conversation
)
his
frequenting
to
,
and
being
much
imploy'd
by
the
Countess
and
her
Son
,
which
did
at
length
so
incense
the
People
against
him
,
that
finding
him
in
the
Streets
of
London
,
An.
1628.
they
set
upon
him
with
Stones
and
Staves
,
and
knocked
out
his
Brains
;
as
also
one
Butler
an
Irishman
,
that
pretended
to
be
a
Chymist
,
and
was
very
intimate
with
the
foresaid
Company
,
I
mean
the
Duke
and
his
Mother
;
and
indeed
,
the
Story
of
his
Death
(
as
was
then
reported
)
is
a
very
convincing
Evidence
of
some
secret
Machination
betwixt
the
Duke
and
him
,
which
made
the
Duke
be
desirous
to
be
rid
of
him
:
For
Mischief
(
says
Mr.
Wilson
)
being
an
ingrosser
,
is
unsecured
,
unsatisfied
,
when
their
Wares
are
to
be
vented
in
many
Shops
.
This
Man
was
,
by
the
Dukes
means
,
recommended
,
upon
some
plausible
pretence
to
some
Jesuites
beyond
the
Seas
,
where
he
was
entertain'd
with
a
great
deal
of
specious
Ceremony
and
Respect
in
one
of
their
Colleges
;
and
at
Night
being
attended
by
them
into
his
Chamber
,
with
much
Civility
,
which
was
hung
with
Tapestry
,
and
had
Tapers
burning
in
stretched-out-Armes
upon
the
Wall
;
when
they
gave
him
the
Good-night
,
they
told
him
,
they
would
send
one
should
direct
him
to
his
Lodging
;
and
they
were
no
sooner
out
of
the
Room
of
Death
,
but
the
Floor
,
that
hung
upon
great
Hinges
on
one
side
,
was
let
fall
by
Artificial
Engines
,
and
the
poor
Vermine
Butler
dropt
into
a
Precipice
,
where
he
was
never
more
heard
of
.
To
conclude
,
King
James
was
Learned
,
and
had
fine
Notions
in
Conception
,
but
could
bring
but
few
of
them
into
Action
,
tho'
they
tended
to
his
Honour
and
Safety
;
for
this
was
one
of
his
Apothegms
,
which
he
made
no
timely
use
of
,
Let
that
Prince
that
would
beware
of
Conspiracies
,
be
rather
jealous
of
such
,
whom
his
extraordinary
Favours
have
advanc'd
,
then
of
those
whom
his
Displeasure
hath
discontented
;
these
want
Means
to
execute
their
Pleasures
,
but
they
have
means
at
pleasure
to
execute
their
desires
.
But
a
late
Learned
Author
has
exprest
as
much
contempt
of
his
Learning
,
as
Ben
Johnson
did
of
his
Poetry
,
saying
,
It
was
a
Scandal
to
his
Crown
(
meaning
his
Writings
against
Bellarmine
and
Perrone
,
about
their
King-killing
,
and
King-deposing
Doctrines
)
and
it
seems
Henry
4.
of
France
had
not
a
much
better
opinion
of
the
same
;
who
,
when
he
heard
some
Men
Celebrating
of
him
with
these
Attributes
,
answer'd
truly
enough
,
That
he
was
a
fine
King
indeed
,
and
Wrote
little
Books
.
King
James
was
Succeeded
by
His
Son
[
†
](A47020-e40840-b)
†
Charles
Stuart
I.
began
His
Reign
over
Great
Britain
,
March
27
th
.
1625.
Charles
,
in
all
His
Dominions
,
but
much
more
so
in
all
His
Misfortunes
,
for
this
was
one
of
the
unhappiest
Princes
that
ever
Swayed
a
Scepter
.
There
is
little
remarkable
concerning
this
P●●●ce
in
his
Infancy
,
only
he
was
noted
(
as
Lilly
says
)
to
be
very
wilful
and
obstinate
,
by
the
old
Scottish
Lady
his
Nurse
,
and
even
by
his
own
Mother
Queen
Ann
;
who
,
being
told
on
a
time
,
he
was
very
Sick
and
like
to
die
,
said
,
He
would
not
then
die
,
but
live
to
be
the
Ruine
of
himself
,
and
the
Three
Kingdoms
,
through
his
too
much
Wilfulness
.
And
it
seems
the
Symptoms
of
his
Fore-Fathers
Destiny
appear'd
in
his
very
Face
;
for
his
Picture
having
been
presented
to
the
then
Duke
of
Tuscany
,
the
first
sight
and
inspection
thereof
made
him
s●art
,
and
say
,
He
saw
something
in
it
that
Presag'd
a
strange
and
violent
Exit
.
Moreover
,
if
what
the
said
Author
says
be
true
,
That
Laud
,
at
His
Coronation
at
Westminster
,
alter'd
the
Old
Coronation
Oath
,
and
framed
another
New
one
for
him
in
the
room
of
it
;
it
was
a
foul
stumble
at
first
dash
.
It
rarely
happens
,
and
I
think
but
very
few
Instances
can
be
given
,
that
one
and
the
same
Person
proves
a
Favourite
to
Two
Princes
together
;
but
,
it
seems
,
nothing
could
resist
the
Charmes
of
the
Glorious
Buckingham
,
who
now
Governs
the
Son
more
Despotically
than
'
er
he
had
done
the
Father
,
and
put
him
upon
those
very
Expeditions
,
that
,
with
other
concurring
Mismanagements
,
made
Shipwrack
of
His
Honour
at
home
,
procured
him
scorn
and
contempt
abroad
,
and
hastned
those
Calamities
,
which
,
at
length
,
resolved
in
his
own
sad
Catastrophe
and
Ruine
.
But
surely
it
argu'd
a
very
mean
and
poor
spirit
in
him
,
to
take
him
into
his
Bosom
,
and
to
be
govern'd
by
one
,
that
had
twice
,
in
his
Father's
time
,
so
highly
affronted
and
disdain'd
him
;
the
first
at
Royston
,
before
many
People
,
by
bidding
of
him
,
in
plain
terms
,
Kiss
his
A
—
And
the
second
time
at
Greenwich
,
in
the
sight
of
about
400
Persons
,
when
lifting
up
his
hand
over
his
head
with
a
Ballon
Brasser
,
and
saying
,
in
most
undutiful
terms
to
him
,
By
G.
it
shall
not
be
so
,
you
shall
not
have
it
;
The
Prince
answer'd
,
What
,
my
Lord
,
I
think
you
intend
to
strike
me
.
It
's
true
,
to
have
forgotten
,
and
never
to
revenge
such
Injuries
when
he
had
been
King
,
had
been
worthy
the
Noble
Mind
of
a
Prince
;
but
it
also
became
him
never
to
have
suffer'd
him
to
come
near
his
Court
,
to
be
upbraided
with
the
sight
of
so
much
scorn
,
that
had
been
so
publickly
offer'd
him
:
and
some
Criticks
at
Court
at
that
time
,
did
not
stick
to
read
his
future
Destiny
.
At
King
James's
Death
the
Nation
was
rent
into
Four
Factions
,
viz.
the
Prerogative
,
Popish
,
Puritan
,
and
Country
Party
,
which
,
in
a
short
time
,
was
reduc'd
into
two
,
the
two
former
uniting
their
force
against
the
other
two
;
and
one
should
have
thought
,
it
had
been
the
business
of
the
New
King
to
have
composed
those
first
,
rather
then
make
War
abroad
:
But
King
James
his
Body
was
scarce
cold
,
when
Buckingham
put
King
Charles
upon
a
War
with
Spain
.
Both
of
them
,
when
in
that
Kingdom
,
had
receiv'd
so
many
Civilities
from
his
Catholick
Majesty
,
that
they
now
resolve
to
Invade
his
Country
with
a
Powerful
Fleet
,
and
a
Land
Army
,
under
the
Command
of
my
Lord
Wimbleton
;
but
in
their
passage
they
met
with
a
Furious
Storm
,
which
so
scatter'd
the
Fleet
,
that
of
Eighty
,
no
less
than
Fifty
Ships
were
missing
for
seven
days
.
But
this
was
but
the
beginning
of
the
Misfortunes
of
this
Miserable
Expedition
,
for
the
Confusion
of
Orders
was
such
,
as
the
Officers
and
Soldiers
scarce
knew
who
to
Command
,
or
whom
to
Obey
;
so
that
when
they
came
to
Cadiz
,
a
Conquest
which
would
have
paid
the
Charge
of
the
Voyage
,
and
to
the
Honour
of
the
English
,
offer'd
it self
;
for
the
Spanish
Shipping
in
the
Bay
lay
unprovided
of
defence
,
so
as
the
surprising
of
them
was
both
easie
and
feasible
;
but
this
was
neglected
,
and
when
the
Opportunity
was
lost
,
Sir
John
Burroughs
Landed
the
Army
,
and
took
a
Fort
,
but
was
forced
to
quit
it
because
of
the
Disorder
and
Intemperance
of
the
Soldiers
,
who
upon
that
return'd
on
Board
again
,
and
sailed
away
for
England
re
insecta
;
which
occasion'd
no
small
clamour
from
the
People
,
and
especially
in
that
none
was
punished
for
Mismanagement
:
But
how
dishonourable
soever
this
Expedition
was
,
the
King
and
his
Minister
lost
much
more
Reputation
,
by
lending
a
Fleet
to
the
French
King
,
to
beat
that
of
the
Rochellers
under
Monsieur
Sobiez
,
the
Great
Duke
of
Roan's
Brother
,
whereby
a
foundation
was
laid
to
ruin
the
Protestant
Interest
in
France
,
and
which
all
the
power
that
e're
they
could
afterward
make
,
when
the
Tables
were
turned
,
could
not
relieve
,
though
the
Duke
himself
(
who
was
much
sitter
for
the
Delicacies
of
a
Court
,
than
the
toyls
and
stratagems
of
War
)
was
at
the
head
of
it
,
and
perished
by
the
hands
of
Felton
at
Portsmouth
,
just
as
he
was
ready
to
Embark
the
second
time
in
person
for
that
purpose
.
It
's
true
,
the
design
was
pursued
by
the
Earl
of
Lindsey
,
who
several
times
attempted
to
force
the
Barricadoes
of
the
River
before
Rochel
,
but
all
in
vain
;
or
if
he
had
,
it
would
have
been
to
no
purpose
,
for
the
Victuals
wherewith
they
should
have
been
relieved
,
were
all
tainted
,
and
all
the
Tackle
and
other
Materials
of
the
Fleet
defective
,
so
that
they
could
not
stay
long
there
.
The
many
and
unheard-of
Violations
of
the
Priviledges
of
the
Subject
by
Loans
,
Benevolences
,
Ship-money
,
Coat
and
Conduct-money
,
&c.
with
the
continual
Jars
between
this
King
and
all
his
Parliaments
during
his
Reign
,
so
as
that
there
has
been
scarce
three
days
of
mutual
harmony
between
them
throughout
,
(
which
cannot
be
said
of
any
other
King
since
the
Conquest
how
bad
soever
)
his
Imprisoning
,
Fining
,
and
banishing
of
the
Members
,
and
his
riding
the
Nation
for
above
fifteen
years
together
by
more
than
a
French
Government
,
because
they
are
noted
else
where
,
I
think
no
where
so
well
as
in
the
History
of
the
four
last
Reigns
,
Written
by
that
Learned
Gentleman
,
and
my
worthy
good
Friend
when
alive
,
Mr.
Roger
Coke
;
I
shall
not
recite
the
same
in
this
place
,
as
not
falling
exactly
under
the
notion
of
this
Treatise
:
Tho
I
am
to
imform
you
these
were
the
things
,
together
with
the
imposing
the
Service-Book
upon
the
Scots
,
where
the
Quarrel
was
begun
by
an
Old
Woman
casting
her
Stool
at
the
Priest
,
when
he
was
reading
of
it
,
as
they
said
;
that
were
the
foundation
of
those
dreadful
Wars
waged
so
many
years
within
the
Bowels
of
the
three
Kingdoms
,
(
which
do
not
fall
under
our
present
consideration
neither
)
and
of
the
King
's
subsequent
destiny
,
the
Particulars
whereof
,
with
some
other
concurring
and
intervening
accidents
we
shall
give
you
at
large
.
After
the
War
had
been
manag'd
between
the
King
and
Parliament
with
various
fortune
for
some
years
,
and
several
Treaties
set
on
foot
to
compose
those
unhappy
and
fatal
Differences
,
at
last
came
the
fatal
day
wherein
the
Quarrel
came
to
be
decided
between
them
at
Naseby
in
Northamptonshire
,
which
was
on
Saturnday
June
14.
1645.
Sir
Thomas
Fairfax
was
the
Parliaments
General
,
and
the
King
commanded
his
own
Army
in
Person
;
who
in
the
beginning
of
the
Fight
prevailed
,
for
Prince
Rupert
Routed
the
Parliaments
Left
Wing
commanded
by
Ireton
,
but
Pursuing
to
far
left
the
Kings
Left
Wing
open
to
be
charged
by
Cromwel
,
who
falling
furiously
on
,
and
the
rest
Rallying
,
obtained
a
most
absolute
Victory
.
But
among
the
vast
number
of
Prisoners
and
Horses
taken
with
Arms
and
Ammunition
,
that
which
was
even
a
greater
loss
to
the
King
then
the
Battle
,
was
,
that
one
of
his
Coaches
,
with
his
Cabinets
of
Letters
and
Papers
fell
into
the
Parliaments
hands
,
whereby
his
most
Secret
Counsels
with
the
Queen
,
which
were
so
contrary
to
those
he
declared
to
the
Kingdom
,
were
discovered
:
For
in
one
of
his
Letters
he
declared
to
her
,
his
intention
to
make
Peace
with
the
Irish
,
and
to
have
40000
of
them
over
into
England
,
to
prosecute
the
War
there
:
In
others
he
complained
,
he
could
not
prevail
with
his
Mungrel
Parliament
at
Oxford
(
so
he
was
pleased
to
call
those
Gentlemen
who
had
stuck
to
him
all
along
)
to
Vote
that
the
Parliament
at
Westminster
were
not
a
Lawful
Parliament
:
That
he
would
not
make
Peace
with
the
Rebels
(
the
Parliament
)
without
her
approbation
,
nor
go
one
jot
from
the
Paper
She
sent
him
;
That
in
the
Treaty
at
Vxbridge
he
did
not
positively
own
the
Parliament
,
it
being
otherwise
to
be
constru'd
,
tho'
they
were
so
simple
as
not
to
find
it
out
,
and
it
was
Recorded
in
the
Notes
of
the
King's
Council
,
that
he
did
not
acknowledge
them
a
Parliament
.
Which
Papers
the
Members
took
care
to
Print
and
Publish
to
the
World
,
and
shewed
by
a
publick
Declaration
what
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
who
followed
the
King
might
trust
too
,
and
I
dare
say
,
this
stuck
so
close
in
the
Minds
of
many
,
that
nothing
contributed
more
to
his
Ruine
,
then
this
double
dealing
of
his
.
Now
the
King's
Garrisons
surrender
by
heaps
,
Oxford
was
the
last
,
which
being
blocked
up
by
the
Parliaments
Forces
,
the
King
thought
himself
in
no
security
in
it
;
For
the
Parliament
refused
to
admit
him
to
come
to
London
,
unless
he
signed
their
propositions
,
wherefore
the
French
Ambassador
in
the
Scots
Quarters
advising
him
to
throw
himself
into
the
Scots
Power
,
it
was
Hobson's
Choice
,
one
even
as
good
as
the
other
,
and
so
being
accompany'd
by
one
Hudson
a
Minister
,
and
Mr.
John
Ashburnham
,
he
threw
himself
into
the
Scots
hands
;
who
having
got
him
into
their
Power
,
resolve
to
make
a
double
Bargain
of
him
,
viz.
to
have
him
to
order
Montross
to
disband
his
Army
and
retire
into
Scotland
,
and
then
to
Sell
him
to
the
Parliament
for
as
much
Money
as
they
could
get
for
him
.
The
first
is
no
sooner
ask'd
but
granted
;
but
the
bargain
for
the
Sale
of
him
(
and
surely
never
was
any
King
in
this
World
so
unhappy
as
to
be
sold
by
his
own
Subjects
before
himself
)
being
a
mighty
business
to
the
Scots
,
it
lasted
from
the
5
th
.
of
May
1646
to
January
following
,
when
being
concluded
,
the
Parliament
who
now
had
a
full
right
to
him
,
after
they
had
bought
him
,
confine
him
to
●oldenby-house
,
an
House
of
his
own
in
Northamptonshire
,
under
a
select
Guard
of
their
own
choosing
:
So
that
as
Mr.
Cook
observes
,
he
that
before
had
sifted
the
worthy
Members
of
Parliament
from
one
Prison
to
another
,
that
they
might
not
have
the
benefit
of
their
Habeas
Corpus's
,
and
the
Constables
of
Hertfordshire
from
one
Messenger
to
another
,
is
himself
sifted
Prisoner
from
one
place
to
another
without
any
hope
of
an
Habeus
Corpus
:
And
as
he
before
by
his
absolute
Will
and
Pleasure
,
would
without
any
Law
seize
his
Subjects
Goods
and
commit
them
to
Prison
,
as
also
raise
Ship-money
in
an
Arbitrary
manner
,
so
he
cannot
now
enjoy
his
own
Estate
in
his
own
House
,
nor
has
one
Ship
to
command
.
Soon
after
this
the
Parliament
and
Army
began
to
be
jealous
of
each
other
;
and
the
latter
having
no
face
of
Authority
to
recur
unto
,
the
Presbyterian
Members
in
both
Houses
being
three
to
one
,
what
do
they
do
but
send
Cornet
Joyce
with
a
Party
of
Horse
on
the
4
th
of
June
1647
to
take
the
King
out
of
the
Parliaments
Commissioners
hands
and
to
keep
him
in
the
Army
;
which
however
he
might
take
it
,
was
not
designed
for
his
advantage
,
tho'
they
seemed
to
lament
the
hard
conditions
the
Members
imposed
upon
him
not
only
in
his
Liberty
,
but
in
keeping
him
from
his
Children
and
Friends
;
and
now
they
allow
him
both
,
professing
they
would
never
lay
down
Arms
until
they
had
put
the
Scepter
into
his
hands
,
and
procured
better
Conditions
for
his
Friends
:
And
in
order
hereunto
,
they
seem
to
joyn
the
King's
Interests
with
their
own
,
and
in
their
Declaration
for
Redress
of
Grievances
,
declare
for
the
King
and
People
,
that
the
Members
prefix
a
certain
time
for
their
Sitting
,
and
charge
11
of
the
leading
Members
that
had
been
most
forward
to
establish
the
Covenant
with
being
guilty
of
High
Treason
,
and
most
of
them
fled
for
it
.
The
Covenanters
could
not
but
see
whither
these
proceedings
tended
,
and
therefore
they
had
upon
the
4
th
of
May
settled
the
Militia
of
London
in
the
hands
of
the
Presbyterians
,
but
upon
a
Letter
from
the
General
or
the
10
th
of
June
to
the
Parliament
,
that
the
Militia
of
London
might
be
put
into
the
hands
of
Persons
better
affected
to
the
Army
,
the
Commons
tamely
Submitted
to
it
,
and
repealed
the
foresaid
Ordinance
of
the
4
th
of
May.
But
the
City-Men
in
Common
Counsel
Petition
the
Commons
against
this
,
insisting
upon
their
own
Right
to
dispose
of
the
Militia
:
The
Lords
upon
the
Reading
of
the
Petition
revoke
the
Ordinance
of
the
Commons
of
July
23
and
confirm
that
of
the
4
th
of
May
,
according
to
the
Cities
desire
,
and
kept
back
some
of
the
Commons
till
the
Members
within
had
agreed
to
it
,
and
enforced
the
Speaker
to
pass
a
Vote
that
the
King
should
come
to
London
,
and
so
both
Houses
Adjourned
for
four
days
.
In
this
Interval
the
Members
who
favoured
the
Army
,
and
the
Speakers
of
both
Houses
went
to
the
Army
,
and
there
complained
of
the
Violences
put
upon
the
Parliament
;
and
the
Houses
after
the
expiration
of
the
four
days
Adjournment
,
meet
,
and
chose
new
Speakers
,
and
Voted
,
1.
That
the
King
should
come
to
London
.
2.
That
the
Militia
of
London
should
be
Authoriz'd
to
raise
Forces
for
the
defence
of
the
City
.
3.
That
power
be
given
to
the
same
Militia
to
choose
a
General
.
4.
And
that
the
Eleven
Members
Impeach'd
by
the
Army
should
take
their
Seats
in
the
Parliament
.
The
Citizens
hereupon
proceed
to
raise
Forces
,
which
,
tho'
Numerous
,
yet
being
raw
and
not
fit
to
cope
with
an
old
Experienc'd
and
Victorious
Army
,
they
were
forced
to
come
to
Terms
and
comply
with
the
Army
in
their
demands
;
so
that
in
short
the
Speakers
and
Members
returned
again
,
and
recinded
all
that
was
done
since
the
26
th
of
July
,
and
Voted
several
Lords
guilty
of
High
Treason
,
and
the
Lord
Mayor
with
several
other
Citizens
were
committed
Prisoners
to
the
Tower
upon
the
same
account
.
The
King
could
not
but
conceive
some
hopes
from
these
Broyls
,
that
might
tend
to
his
Advantage
,
and
indeed
both
Parliament
and
Army
seem
to
Court
him
now
,
and
the
Parliament
sent
propositions
of
Peace
to
him
at
Hampton-Court
;
but
Cromwel
was
as
fearful
the
King
should
agree
with
the
Parliament
as
the
King
was
unwilling
to
agree
to
them
,
and
therefore
Cormwel
gave
the
Commissioners
instructions
,
that
if
the
King
would
assent
to
Propositions
lower
then
those
of
the
Parliament
,
that
the
Army
would
settle
him
again
in
his
Throne
;
hereupon
the
King
returned
Answer
to
the
Parliament
,
that
he
waved
now
the
Propositions
put
to
him
,
or
any
Treaty
upon
them
,
flies
to
the
Proposals
of
the
Army
,
and
urges
a
Treaty
upon
them
,
and
such
as
he
shall
make
;
professes
he
will
give
Satisfaction
,
to
settle
the
Protestant
Religion
,
with
Liberty
to
tender
Consciences
,
to
secure
the
Laws
,
Liberty
and
Property
and
Priviledges
of
Parliaments
,
and
as
for
those
concerning
Scotland
he
would
Treat
apart
with
the
Scots
Commissioners
.
Upon
Reading
of
the
King's
Answer
,
a
day
was
appointed
by
either
House
to
consider
of
it
,
and
in
the
mean
time
they
order'd
the
same
to
be
communicated
to
the
Scotch
Commissioners
.
It
was
affirmed
in
those
times
that
Cromwel
had
made
a
private
Article
with
the
King
,
that
if
the
King
closed
with
the
Propositions
of
the
Army
,
Cromwel
should
be
Advanced
to
a
degree
higher
than
any
other
,
as
Earl
of
Essex
and
Vicar-General
of
England
,
as
Thomas
Cromwel
in
Henry
8
time
was
.
But
it
seems
he
was
so
uxorious
that
he
would
do
nothing
without
communicating
it
to
the
Queen
,
and
so
wrote
to
her
;
That
tho'
he
assented
to
the
Armies
Proposals
,
yet
if
by
assenting
to
them
he
could
procure
a
Peace
,
it
would
be
easier
then
to
take
of
Cromwel
,
than
now
he
was
the
head
that
govern'd
the
Army
.
Cromwel
who
had
his
Spies
upon
every
motion
of
the
King
intercepts
these
Letters
,
and
resolved
never
to
trust
the
King
again
,
yet
doubted
that
he
could
not
manage
his
designs
,
if
the
King
were
so
near
the
Parliament
and
City
at
Hampton-Court
;
Therefore
Cromwel
sent
to
the
King
that
he
was
in
no
safety
at
Hampton-Court
,
by
reason
of
the
hatred
which
the
Adjutators
bore
to
him
,
and
that
he
would
be
in
more
safty
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
and
so
upon
the
11
th
of
November
at
night
made
his
escape
,
having
Post-horses
,
and
a
Ship
provided
for
him
at
South-hampton
to
that
purpose
.
But
when
he
came
to
the
Island
he
was
secured
by
Collonel
Hammond
,
who
gave
the
Parliament
notice
of
it
,
from
whence
the
King
sent
to
the
Members
for
a
Personal
Treaty
of
Peace
at
London
,
which
after
much
debate
was
agreed
to
upon
four
Preliminaries
,
which
the
King
utterly
rejected
,
and
so
incensed
the
Houses
that
they
Voted
,
that
they
would
make
no
further
applications
or
addresses
to
the
King
;
That
no
other
presume
to
make
any
application
to
him
without
leave
from
both
Houses
;
That
whoever
Transgressed
in
that
kind
should
be
guilty
of
High
Treason
;
That
they
would
receive
no
more
Messages
from
the
King
,
and
that
none
presume
to
bring
any
Message
from
him
to
either
or
both
Houses
of
Parliament
or
any
other
Person
.
These
were
hard
lines
to
this
unfortunate
King
,
who
now
had
no
more
to
do
then
patiently
to
submit
to
what
time
produced
;
but
how
pleasing
soever
these
Votes
were
to
the
Army
,
the
Scots
and
diverse
parts
of
the
English
Nation
were
not
content
with
them
,
and
so
they
rise
in
Arms
in
Essex
,
Kent
,
Suffolk
,
Norfolk
,
Wales
and
the
North
,
and
declare
for
the
King
and
People
:
Part
of
the
Fleet
also
Revolted
to
Prince
Charles
,
but
all
these
Revolts
were
quelled
by
a
Victorious
Army
in
a
short
time
.
But
while
the
Army
was
busied
abroad
,
the
Members
having
gotten
possession
of
the
Fleet
,
and
the
City
of
London
being
well
affected
to
them
,
they
joyn
with
the
Scotish
Commissioners
and
rescine
the
Votes
of
the
Non-addresses
to
the
King
,
and
appointed
a
conference
with
him
at
Newport
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
to
continue
for
forty
days
,
and
to
that
purpose
take
him
out
of
Prison
,
and
allow
him
the
Liberty
of
the
Island
;
and
the
King
upon
the
matter
with
reluctancy
enough
,
grants
the
Scots
,
and
the
Members
,
their
own
Demands
.
But
no
endeavours
of
his
Subjects
,
nor
the
joynt
desires
of
the
Scots
and
Members
,
could
protect
this
unhappy
Prince
from
his
approaching
Ruine
;
for
the
Army
now
every
where
Victorious
over
the
Scots
and
Royalists
,
draw
together
,
and
make
a
Remonstrance
against
all
Peace
with
the
King
,
that
Justice
might
be
done
upon
Him
,
the
Crown-land
and
Church-land
might
be
sold
to
Pay
their
Army
,
and
that
the
present
Parliament
be
Dissolved
,
and
another
Called
:
But
the
Members
were
intent
upon
the
King's
Answer
to
their
Propositions
,
and
laid
aside
the
Armies
Remonstrance
,
which
they
take
as
a
slighting
of
them
,
and
then
seized
the
King
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
and
make
Him
a
Prisoner
in
Hurst-Castle
,
an
unhealthy
place
,
and
March
to
London
,
putting
Garrisons
in
Noblemen's
Houses
and
Whitehall
,
and
Post
themselves
about
the
Pallace-yard
.
But
the
Members
for
all
this
Met
upon
the
First
of
Decemb.
1648.
and
Voted
the
King's
Concessions
to
be
a
sufficient
ground
for
a
Peace
,
and
then
Adjourn'd
for
a
Week
:
yet
when
they
were
to
Meet
again
,
they
found
all
the
Avenues
to
the
House
beset
with
Soldiers
,
who
Excluded
all
that
were
not
of
their
Faction
from
entring
the
House
,
which
were
not
one
fourth
part
,
and
made
the
residue
Prisoners
:
This
Juncto
,
called
afterward
the
Rump
Parliament
,
having
in
this
manner
Purged
the
House
,
Assume
to
themselves
the
Supream
Power
of
Ordering
the
English
Affairs
,
Confirm
the
Votes
of
Non-Addresses
,
and
raze
the
Votes
of
having
a
Conference
with
the
King
,
and
the
Declaration
that
the
King's
Concessions
were
a
sufficient
ground
for
a
Peace
,
out
of
the
Journals
of
the
House
;
and
Vote
,
First
,
That
all
Power
resides
in
the
People
.
Secondly
,
That
the
Power
belongs
to
the
Peoples
Representatives
in
the
House
of
Commons
.
Thirdly
,
That
the
Votes
of
the
Commons
have
the
Force
of
a
Law
,
without
the
King
.
Fourthly
,
That
to
take
up
Arms
against
the
Representatives
of
the
People
,
or
the
Parliament
,
was
High-Treason
.
Fifthly
,
That
the
King
Himself
took
up
Arms
against
the
Parliament
,
and
therefore
was
guilty
of
all
the
Blood
shed
in
the
Civil
War
;
and
ought
,
by
His
own
Blood
,
to
expiate
the
fame
:
But
the
Ordinance
for
the
King's
Trial
being
sent
up
to
the
Lords
for
their
Concurrence
,
they
Rejected
it
January
the
2
d
,
and
Adjourned
for
10
days
;
but
first
sent
back
that
they
would
give
Answer
:
Whereupon
,
the
Commons
search
the
Lords
Journal-Book
,
and
find
these
Votes
:
1.
To
send
an
Answer
.
2.
That
their
Lordships
do
not
concur
to
the
Declaration
3.
That
their
Lordships
Reject
the
Ordinance
for
Tryal
of
the
King
:
But
the
Commons
for
all
that
go
on
,
and
Vote
the
Lords
Dangerous
;
Order
the
King
to
be
brought
to
London
under
a
Guard
,
Read
and
Ingrossed
the
Ordinance
for
his
Tryal
on
the
6
th
of
January
,
and
the
Manner
was
referred
to
the
Commissioners
who
were
to
Try
Him
;
and
,
to
that
end
,
to
Meet
in
the
Painted
Chamber
on
Munday
,
January
the
9
th
.
who
Resolved
,
that
Proclamation
should
be
made
in
Westminster-Hall
;
that
the
Commissioners
were
to
Sit
again
to
Morrow
,
and
that
all
those
who
had
any
thing
to
say
against
the
King
should
be
heard
.
In
this
manner
,
Mr.
Denby
,
who
was
Sergeant
at
Arms
to
the
Commissioners
,
Rode
into
the
Hall
with
his
Mace
,
and
some
other
Officers
all
bare
,
attended
with
Six
Trumpets
on
Horseback
,
who
Sounded
in
the
midst
of
the
Hall
,
the
Drums
of
the
Guard
,
in
the
mean
time
,
Beating
without
in
the
Pallace-yard
,
at
the
Old
Exchange
,
and
in
Cheapside
;
The
Mayor
,
Aldermen
,
and
Common
Council
of
London
,
Petition'd
the
House
of
Commons
for
Justice
against
the
King
;
to
Settle
the
Votes
,
that
the
Supream
Power
was
in
them
;
and
the
City
resolved
to
stand
by
them
to
the
utmost
:
and
because
nothing
should
obstruct
the
intended
Work
,
Hillary
Term
was
Adjourned
for
Fourteen
days
,
and
Proclamation
made
thereof
in
the
Cities
of
London
and
Westminster
,
and
other
Market-Towns
;
but
that
this
poor
Prince
might
have
some
glimmering
of
hope
,
the
Scots
Parliament
begun
January
2
d.
understanding
what
was
done
at
London
,
in
reference
to
the
King's
Tryal
,
Dissent
from
the
said
proceedings
,
and
Direct
some
Papers
,
To
William
Lenthall
Esquire
,
Speaker
of
the
House
of
Commons
:
which
the
House
took
as
an
Affront
and
Denyal
of
their
Authority
,
and
so
thought
not
sit
to
Read
them
,
but
yet
Voted
to
send
Commissioners
into
Scotland
,
to
preserve
a
Good
Correspondence
between
both
Nations
:
Several
Ministers
,
from
their
Pulpits
,
Declaimed
also
against
the
Proceedings
against
the
King's
Person
;
some
of
the
Nobility
offer'd
themselves
Pledges
in
his
behalf
:
and
January
19
,
the
Scottish
Commissioners
deliver'd
some
Papers
,
and
a
Declaration
from
the
Parliament
of
Scotland
,
wherein
they
express
a
dislike
of
the
present
Proceedings
;
and
declare
,
That
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
had
an
undoubted
Interest
in
the
King's
Person
,
who
was
not
deliver'd
to
the
English
Commissioners
at
Newcastle
for
the
Ruine
of
his
Person
,
but
for
the
more
speedy
Settlement
of
the
Peace
of
his
Kingdoms
;
That
they
extreamly
Dissented
,
and
Declared
against
the
Tryal
of
Him
,
in
regard
of
the
Great
Miseries
that
were
like
to
ensue
thereupon
,
and
desired
leave
to
make
their
Personal
Addresses
to
Him
.
The
like
Papers
were
also
Presented
to
the
General
,
but
all
signify'd
nothing
;
for
the
Commissioners
for
the
Tryal
proceeded
to
make
all
things
in
a
readiness
;
and
to
that
purpose
Order'd
,
that
the
Sword
and
Mace
,
tho'
they
had
the
King's
Arms
thereon
,
should
be
brought
into
the
Court
at
His
Tryal
,
and
the
King
to
be
brought
from
St.
James's
,
where
he
was
then
a
Prisoner
,
to
Sir
Robert
Cotton's
House
at
Westminster
.
They
erected
a
Tribunal
,
called
,
The
High
Court
of
Justice
,
over
which
was
appointed
One
hundred
and
fifty
Judges
,
at
the
upper
end
of
Westminster-Hall
,
the
Courts
of
Chancery
and
Kings-Bench
,
being
ordered
into
one
;
and
these
Judges
were
impower'd
to
Convent
,
Hear
,
Judge
,
and
Execute
Charles
Stuart
King
of
England
.
All
things
being
now
fitted
up
,
the
King
on
Saturday
the
20
th
.
was
brought
from
St.
James
,
through
the
Park
in
a
Chair
to
Whitehall
,
and
from
thence
carried
by
Water
under
a
Guard
to
Sir
Robert
Cotton's
House
at
the
back
end
of
Westminster-Hall
.
the
Judges
in
the
mean
time
met
in
the
Painted
Chamber
,
attending
upon
their
President
Serjeant
Bradshaw
in
his
Scarlet
Robe
,
who
had
the
Sword
born
before
him
by
Col.
Humphrey
,
the
Mace
by
Serjeant
Denby
,
and
twenty
Men
with
Partizans
for
his
Guard
.
When
they
came
into
the
Court
,
the
President
sat
him
down
in
a
Crimson
Velvet
Chair
of
State
,
fixed
in
the
midst
of
the
Court
,
with
a
Desk
before
him
,
and
a
Cushion
of
Crimson
Velvet
thereon
;
and
the
Seats
on
each
side
of
him
were
Benches
covered
with
Scarlet-cloth
:
And
after
silence
made
,
the
Great
Gate
of
the
Hall
was
set
open
for
any
to
enter
in
;
after
which
Col.
Thompson
was
commanded
to
bring
forth
the
Prisoner
,
who
was
conducted
with
twenty
Partizans
,
and
other
Guards
,
and
was
by
the
Serjeant
with
his
Mace
received
to
the
Bar
,
where
was
a
Red
Velvet
Chair
set
for
him
.
He
looked
sternly
upon
the
Court
,
and
up
to
the
Galleries
,
then
sat
him
down
,
but
presently
got
up
again
,
and
looked
downward
on
the
Guard
and
multitude
of
Spectators
,
not
shewing
the
least
regard
to
the
Court
all
the
while
;
then
was
the
Act
of
Parliament
read
over
,
for
the
Trial
of
Charles
Stuart
King
of
England
,
by
the
Clerk
,
who
sat
on
the
right
side
of
the
Table
,
covered
with
a
Turky
Carpet
placed
at
the
feet
of
the
President
,
upon
which
lay
the
Sword
,
and
Mace
;
and
the
several
Names
of
the
Judges
in
the
Roll
were
called
over
,
and
Eighty
answered
to
their
Names
.
When
that
was
over
,
then
the
King's
Charge
was
brought
,
wherein
he
was
accused
in
the
Name
of
the
People
of
England
,
of
Treason
,
Tyranny
,
Murders
,
Rapines
,
&c.
and
more
especially
for
levying
War
against
the
Parliament
.
And
the
President
stood
up
and
said
,
Sir
,
You
have
heard
your
Charge
,
containing
such
matters
as
appears
in
it
;
and
in
the
close
it
is
pray'd
,
that
you
answer
to
your
Charge
,
which
this
Court
expects
.
The
King
replied
,
By
what
Authority
did
they
bring
him
to
a
Trial
,
who
was
their
King
,
against
the
Publick
Faith
so
lately
given
him
,
when
he
commenced
a
Treaty
with
both
Houses
of
Parliament
?
Urged
them
to
shew
what
Lawful
Authority
they
had
to
call
him
to
an
account
,
which
if
they
did
,
he
would
readily
answer
,
otherwise
advised
them
to
avert
the
Judgments
that
might
hang
over
their
heads
for
such
their
proceedings
against
him
.
The
President
rejoyned
that
he
was
called
to
an
account
by
the
People
of
England
,
by
whose
Election
he
was
admitted
King
:
The
King
here
insists
upon
his
inherent
birth-right
,
and
that
the
Kingdom
was
Hereditary
for
above
a
thousand
years
;
and
that
he
stood
more
apparently
for
the
Liberty
of
the
People
of
England
by
rejecting
an
unlawful
and
arbitrary
Authority
,
than
the
Judges
or
any
other
whatsoever
did
by
asserting
of
it
;
That
no
Lords
appear'd
there
,
who
to
constitute
a
Parliament
should
have
been
present
,
and
some
King
also
;
but
that
neither
the
one
nor
the
other
,
nor
both
the
Houses
of
Parliament
,
nor
any
other
Judicature
on
Earth
had
any
Authority
to
call
the
King
of
England
to
account
,
much
less
,
some
certain
Judges
,
chosen
by
his
accusers
,
masked
with
the
Authority
of
the
Lower
House
,
and
the
same
proculcated
.
However
he
wills
them
again
to
produce
their
Authority
,
and
he
would
not
be
wanting
to
his
Defence
,
for
as
much
as
it
was
the
same
offence
with
him
to
acknowledge
a
Tyrannical
Power
as
to
resist
a
lawful
one
:
But
the
President
made
answer
,
That
he
was
not
to
question
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Court
,
that
they
were
satisfied
with
their
Authority
,
as
it
was
upon
God's
Authority
and
the
Kingdom
's
,
in
doing
of
Justice
,
and
that
this
was
their
present
work
.
To
which
the
King
said
,
That
it
was
not
his
own
nor
their
apprehensions
neither
,
that
ought
to
decide
it
,
and
so
the
President
ordered
the
Prisoner
to
be
taken
into
Custody
,
and
then
the
Court
adjourned
till
the
Monday
following
,
being
the
22.
of
January
,
to
the
Painted
Chamber
,
and
from
thence
to
the
same
place
again
,
and
the
King
was
carried
back
in
the
same
manner
as
before
to
St.
James's
.
The
Court
accordingly
met
on
Monday
in
the
Painted
Chamber
,
and
there
considering
the
King's
Resolution
to
deny
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Court
,
or
of
that
which
did
constitute
it
,
of
which
debate
they
had
no
proper
cognizance
,
nor
could
they
being
a
derivative
power
which
made
them
Judges
,
from
which
there
was
no
Appeal
;
they
therefore
order
,
that
if
the
King
offer
to
dispute
the
same
again
,
the
President
should
tell
him
,
That
the
Commons
of
England
Assembled
in
Parliament
,
had
constituted
that
Court
,
whose
power
might
not
be
permitted
to
be
disputed
by
him
,
and
that
if
he
refused
to
answer
,
it
should
be
accounted
a
Contumacy
to
the
Court
,
that
if
he
answered
with
a
Salvo
his
pretended
Prerogative
above
the
Court
,
he
should
be
required
to
give
a
Positive
answer
,
yea
or
no
,
that
he
should
not
have
a
Copy
of
his
Charge
till
he
owned
the
Court
,
and
declared
his
intentions
to
answer
.
This
being
concluded
on
,
the
King
is
again
brought
to
the
Bar
in
the
same
manner
,
where
the
Solicitor
Cook
moved
that
the
Prisoner
might
make
a
positive
answer
,
or
that
the
Charge
might
be
taken
pro
Confesso
,
and
so
the
Court
proceed
to
Justice
;
and
the
President
did
briefly
repeat
the
passages
of
the
last
day
,
and
commanded
the
King
to
answer
to
the
Articles
of
Charge
,
unless
he
had
rather
hear
the
Capital
Sentence
given
against
him
.
But
the
King
still
persisted
to
Interrogate
concerning
their
Authority
;
that
he
had
weighty
Reasons
why
he
should
not
acknowledg
this
new
form
of
Judicature
;
that
they
had
no
Law
for
it
,
and
that
they
could
not
have
an
extraordinary
Authority
Delegated
from
the
People
,
seeing
they
had
not
consulted
so
much
as
every
tenth
Man
in
that
matter
.
But
the
President
put
him
in
mind
of
his
doom
,
and
told
him
the
Court
was
abundantly
satisfied
of
their
Authority
;
nor
were
they
to
hear
any
Reasons
that
should
detract
from
their
Power
.
And
when
the
King
urged
to
give
in
his
Reasons
in
Writing
,
it
would
by
no
means
be
admitted
;
and
so
the
President
commanded
the
Prisoner
to
be
taken
away
.
The
third
Days
Trial
,
which
was
Tuesday
,
was
in
effect
the
same
as
the
last
mentioned
,
in
respect
to
the
Court's
demands
,
and
the
King's
answer
,
so
that
the
Court
adjourned
till
next
Morning
at
Ten
of
the
Clock
;
but
the
Examination
of
Witnesses
,
and
other
intervening
business
prevented
their
then
sitting
,
so
that
it
was
Saturday
Morning
January
27.
before
they
assembled
,
and
68.
of
the
Judges
answered
to
their
Names
.
As
the
King
was
brought
into
the
Court
the
Soldiers
cried
for
Justice
and
Execution
;
and
the
King
desired
to
be
heard
a
few
words
,
and
so
goes
on
to
shew
how
a
sudden
Judgment
could
not
be
soon
recalled
,
&c.
But
the
President
magnified
the
Patience
the
Court
had
had
towards
him
,
advised
him
now
at
length
to
submit
,
otherwise
he
should
hear
the
Sentence
of
Death
resolved
on
by
the
Court
against
him
;
but
he
still
refused
to
plead
,
and
desired
he
might
have
liberty
to
say
some
things
for
the
good
of
the
People
before
both
Houses
;
but
the
President
said
this
would
but
delay
and
retard
Justice
.
But
the
King
answered
,
that
he
had
not
sought
occasions
of
delay
,
else
he
would
have
made
a
more
Elaborate
contestation
of
the
Cause
,
but
that
there
could
be
no
hurt
in
a
delay
of
a
day
or
two
,
rather
than
precipitate
Judgment
,
which
might
lay
the
Nation
under
perpetual
Miseries
,
and
so
desired
to
withdraw
,
and
the
Court
to
consider
.
The
King
was
carried
to
Cotton-house
,
and
the
Judges
withdrew
to
the
Court
of
Wards
,
and
in
half
an
hour
returned
;
and
when
the
King
insisted
still
that
he
might
be
first
heard
before
his
Parliament
,
and
not
prevailing
,
the
President
went
on
and
shewed
how
contumacious
he
had
been
;
how
hateful
his
Crimes
were
,
and
asserted
the
Parliamentary
Authority
,
producing
Examples
both
Domestick
and
Foreign
,
especially
out
of
Scotland
,
wherein
the
People
had
punished
their
Kings
,
and
then
affirmed
that
the
Power
of
the
People
of
England
was
not
less
over
their
King
:
That
the
Guilt
of
this
King
was
greater
than
of
all
others
,
as
being
one
who
according
to
Caligula's
wish
,
had
attempted
to
cut
off
the
neck
of
the
Kingdom
,
by
waging
War
against
the
Parliament
;
for
all
which
he
was
in
his
Charge
called
Tyrant
,
Traytor
,
Murderer
,
and
a
Publick
Enemy
to
the
Commonwealth
,
and
that
it
had
been
well
if
that
any
of
those
terms
might
have
been
spared
.
At
which
words
the
King
said
,
How
Sir
;
but
the
other
went
on
,
and
argued
that
Rex
est
qui
bene
regit
,
Tyrannus
qui
populum
opprimit
,
and
so
lodged
Arbitrary
Government
on
him
which
he
sought
to
put
upon
the
People
;
That
his
Treasons
were
his
breach
of
trust
to
the
Kingdom
,
as
his
Superior
,
and
was
therefore
called
to
an
account
,
Minimus
majorem
in
judicium
vocat
;
That
his
Murders
were
many
,
as
being
guilty
of
the
Blood
shed
in
the
War
between
him
and
his
people
,
which
could
not
be
cleansed
,
but
by
the
Blood
of
him
,
who
shed
that
Blood
;
he
wished
him
to
have
God
before
his
Eyes
,
and
called
God
to
witness
,
that
the
Court
came
meerly
out
of
the
Conscience
of
their
Duty
to
that
place
and
imployment
,
which
they
were
resolved
to
effect
,
and
called
for
God's
assistance
in
his
Execution
.
Here
the
King
made
a
motion
to
speak
,
but
was
told
his
time
was
now
past
,
and
his
Sentence
was
coming
on
,
which
the
President
commanded
to
be
read
under
this
form
:
Whereas
the
Commons
of
England
in
Parliament
,
have
appointed
them
an
High
Court
of
Justice
for
the
Trial
of
Charles
Stuart
King
of
England
,
before
whom
he
had
been
three
times
Convented
,
and
at
the
first
time
a
Charge
of
High
Treason
,
and
other
Crimes
and
Misdemeanors
was
read
in
the
behalf
of
the
Kingdom
of
England
,
&c.
as
in
the
Charge
,
which
was
read
throughout
;
to
which
Charge
he
the
said
Charles
Stuart
was
required
to
give
his
Answer
,
but
he
refused
so
to
do
;
and
so
exprest
several
passages
at
his
Trial
,
in
refusing
to
answer
;
for
all
which
Treasons
and
Crimes
this
Court
doth
adjudge
that
the
said
Charles
Stuart
,
as
a
Tyrant
,
Traytor
,
Murderer
,
and
Publick
Enemy
,
shall
be
put
to
death
by
severing
his
Head
from
his
Body
.
And
then
the
President
said
,
the
Sentence
now
read
and
published
is
the
Act
,
Sentence
,
Judgment
and
Resolution
of
the
whole
Court
;
to
which
the
Members
of
the
Court
stood
up
and
assented
,
by
holding
up
their
Hands
.
Then
the
King
was
taken
away
,
and
the
Court
broke
up
.
As
the
King
was
lead
along
some
of
the
Mobb
carried
it
very
rudely
and
unchristianly
towards
him
;
and
that
Night
which
was
Saturday
,
January
27.
he
was
Lodged
in
Whitehall
,
next
day
the
Bishop
of
London
Preached
before
him
in
his
Chamber
;
and
the
same
day
the
President
,
and
all
the
Members
of
the
High
Court
of
Justice
fasted
in
the
Chappel
at
Whitehall
.
On
Monday
Morning
he
was
conveyed
to
St.
James's
,
and
in
the
mean
time
Sir
Hardress
Waller
,
Colonel
Harrison
,
Colonel
Dean
,
Commissary
General
Ireton
,
and
Col.
Oaks
were
to
consider
of
the
time
and
place
for
Execution
;
and
the
President
and
Judges
met
on
Monday
Morning
,
Jan.
29.
in
the
Painted
Chamber
,
who
together
with
the
Committee
resolved
that
the
open
Street
before
Whitehall
was
the
fittest
place
;
that
the
King
should
be
there
Executed
on
tho
next
day
between
Ten
and
Two
a
Clock
upon
a
Scaffold
covered
with
Black
.
The
King
who
was
now
apprehensive
of
the
approach
of
his
fatal
end
,
exprest
his
desires
by
a
Member
of
the
Army
;
That
in
regard
Sentence
of
Death
was
past
upon
him
,
and
that
the
time
of
Execution
might
be
near
,
that
he
might
see
his
Children
,
and
so
receive
the
Sacrament
,
and
to
prepare
himself
for
Death
,
and
that
the
Bishop
of
London
might
pray
with
him
in
private
in
his
Chamber
;
all
which
was
granted
him
.
When
the
fatal
day
appear'd
,
which
was
Tuesday
,
Jan.
30.
about
Ten
of
the
Clock
in
the
Forenoon
,
he
was
called
upon
to
come
forth
from
St.
James
Palace
,
now
his
Prison
,
and
was
Conducted
on
Foot
over
the
Park
to
Whitehall
,
Guarded
with
a
Regiment
of
Foot
;
part
whereof
marched
before
,
the
rest
behind
,
with
Colours
flying
,
and
Drums
beating
,
his
private
Guard
of
Partizans
being
next
him
;
Dr.
Juxton
Bishop
of
London
on
the
one
side
,
and
Col.
Tomlison
on
the
other
;
they
went
up
by
the
Stairs
to
the
Park
Gallery
,
and
so
into
his
Cabinet-Chamber
,
where
he
continued
at
his
Devotion
,
and
refused
to
Dine
;
only
about
Twelve-a-Clock
he
Eat
a
Bit
of
Bread
,
and
drank
a
Glass
of
Claret
.
From
thence
he
was
conveyed
into
the
Banquetting-House
,
and
the
Great
Window
Enlarged
,
out
of
which
he
ascended
the
Scaffold
,
the
Rails
whereof
were
hung
round
,
and
the
Floor
covered
with
Black
,
with
the
Block
and
Axe
set
in
the
middle
,
and
the
Executioners
wearing
Vizzards
standing
by
:
He
looked
round
about
upon
the
People
,
who
were
kept
a
considerable
distance
off
by
the
thick
Guards
and
Troops
of
Horse
that
beset
the
Scaffold
,
and
turning
to
the
Officers
,
and
more
particularly
to
Col.
Tomlison
,
begun
with
what
necessity
there
lay
upon
him
to
say
somewhat
,
lest
his
silence
might
be
made
an
argument
of
his
guilt
,
and
with
a
Protestation
of
his
innocency
in
reference
to
any
design
he
had
to
retrench
the
just
Priviledges
of
Parliament
;
yet
acknowledged
his
punishment
to
be
just
from
God
,
and
instanced
only
in
his
giving
way
to
the
death
of
the
Earl
of
Strafford
;
appealed
to
the
Bishop
of
London
,
(
who
stood
by
)
for
his
forwardness
to
forgive
his
Enemies
,
yet
professed
a
great
concernedness
for
the
Weal
of
the
Kingdom
;
shewed
how
the
then
Managers
of
the
State
were
in
the
wrong
to
think
to
govern
by
the
Sword
,
advised
them
to
restore
his
Son
to
the
Inheritance
of
his
Ancestors
,
and
the
People
to
their
Rights
,
and
due
Liberties
,
to
the
abrogating
of
which
by
the
enormous
power
of
the
Sword
,
because
he
could
by
no
means
be
induced
,
he
was
brought
thither
to
undergo
a
Martyrdom
for
his
People
.
Then
he
prayed
,
and
being
minded
by
the
Bishop
to
satisfie
the
Spectators
as
to
his
Religion
;
he
said
,
that
he
had
deposited
the
Testimony
of
his
Faith
with
that
holy
Man
,
meaning
the
Bishop
:
That
his
Life
and
Profession
had
been
well
known
,
and
that
now
he
died
in
the
Christian
Faith
according
to
the
Profession
of
the
Church
of
England
,
as
the
same
was
left
him
by
his
Father
of
Blessed
Memory
:
And
then
turning
about
to
the
Officers
,
and
professing
the
hopes
he
had
of
his
Salvation
,
he
began
to
prepare
for
the
Circumstances
of
Death
.
The
Bishop
put
on
his
Night-cap
,
and
uncloathed
him
to
his
Sky-coloured
Sattin
Wastcoat
;
he
delivered
his
George
to
the
Bishop's
hands
,
and
charged
him
to
remember
to
give
the
same
to
the
Prince
,
and
having
prayed
again
,
he
stooped
down
to
the
Block
,
and
had
his
Head
severed
from
his
Body
at
one
Blow
about
Two
of
the
Clock
in
the
Afternoon
,
the
day
aforesaid
,
in
the
year
1648.
dying
the
same
death
as
to
kind
as
his
Grandmother
Mary
Queen
of
Scots
had
done
sixty
two
years
,
and
eight
days
before
at
Fothringham
Castle
in
Northamptonshire
,
and
I
think
was
no
whit
inferior
to
her
in
the
misfortunes
of
his
Life
.
And
to
note
a
few
,
his
three
Favourites
,
to
wit
,
Buckingham
,
Laud
and
Strafford
,
undergoing
a
violent
death
,
and
the
two
latter
falling
by
the
Axe
,
as
forerunners
of
his
own
destiny
.
And
as
to
his
own
Personal
errors
;
when
Bristol
was
cowardly
surrendred
by
Fines
,
had
he
then
marched
to
London
,
as
he
might
have
done
very
well
,
all
had
been
his
own
,
but
loytering
to
no
purpose
at
Gloucester
,
he
was
soon
after
well
banged
by
the
Earl
of
Essex
.
When
he
had
worsted
Essex
in
Cornwall
,
he
neglected
the
like
opportunity
of
getting
to
London
.
Guilty
he
was
of
the
same
oversight
in
not
commanding
the
Duke
of
Newcastle
to
march
Southwards
toward
the
Metropolis
of
England
,
before
the
Scots
entred
the
English
Borders
;
and
in
not
doing
the
like
himself
,
after
he
had
taken
Leicester
;
for
there
was
nothing
then
that
could
have
hindred
him
to
become
Master
of
the
City
.
The
same
ill
success
he
had
as
to
his
Treaties
about
being
restored
:
And
in
short
,
he
was
generally
unfortunate
in
the
World
,
in
the
esteem
not
only
of
his
Enemies
,
but
in
some
sort
of
his
Friends
too
,
for
as
the
later
were
n'er
pleased
with
his
breach
of
Faith
,
so
the
former
would
say
,
he
could
never
be
fast
enough
bound
;
and
the
Blood
that
some
years
before
dropt
upon
his
Statue
at
Greenwich
,
and
the
falling
off
of
the
Silver
Head
of
his
Cane
at
his
Trial
,
were
interpreted
as
dismal
presages
of
his
disastrous
fate
.
His
Head
and
Trunk
after
the
Execution
were
immediately
put
into
a
Coffin
,
and
conveyed
to
the
Lodgings
in
Whitehall
,
and
there
Embowelled
,
and
from
thence
conveyed
to
St.
James
House
and
Coffined
in
Lead
.
About
some
fortnight
after
,
the
Duke
of
Lennox
,
Marquess
of
Hartford
,
Earl
of
Southampton
,
and
Bishop
of
London
,
got
leave
to
bury
the
Body
,
which
they
conducted
to
the
Chappel
at
Windsor
,
and
Interred
it
there
in
the
Vault
of
Henry
the
Eight
,
with
this
Inscription
only
upon
his
Coffin
,
Charles
King
of
England
.
And
herein
he
was
more
unhappy
than
his
Grandmother
Mary
,
for
whereas
her
Corpse
were
some
years
after
her
death
taken
up
by
her
Son
King
James
,
and
Reposited
with
all
the
Funeral
Pomp
that
could
be
,
in
the
Chappel
of
King
Henry
the
Seventh
her
Great
Grand
Father
.
This
King's
Remains
,
notwithstanding
the
Commons
,
had
Voted
in
1669
,
the
Sum
of
50000
l.
for
the
Charge
of
taking
it
up
,
a
Solemn
Funeral
had
of
it
,
and
a
Monument
for
it
,
yet
lay
neglected
,
as
if
it
had
been
blasted
by
fate
,
King
Charles
the
Second
his
Son
,
they
said
,
forbidding
of
it
.
A
Physician
that
made
inspection
into
the
dissection
of
the
Body
,
related
that
nature
had
designed
him
above
the
most
of
mortal
men
for
a
long
life
,
but
Providence
ordered
it
otherwise
;
for
he
was
cut
off
in
the
Forty
ninth
year
of
his
Age
,
being
his
Climacterical
,
and
twenty
fourth
of
his
Reign
;
leaving
six
Children
behind
him
,
three
Sons
,
Charles
Prince
of
Wales
,
James
Duke
of
York
,
and
Henry
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
whereof
the
two
Elder
were
Exiles
;
and
three
Daughters
,
Mary
Princess
of
Orange
,
Elizabeth
a
Virgin
,
who
not
long
survived
him
,
and
Henrietta
Maria
born
at
Exeter
.
Charles
his
Eldest
Son
,
Charles
Stuart
II.
assumed
the
Title
of
King
upon
his
Father's
Death
,
Jan.
30.
1648.
who
was
then
at
the
Hague
,
when
he
heard
of
his
Father's
disastrous
fate
,
assumed
the
Title
of
King
of
England
,
&c.
tho
an
Exile
,
and
without
any
Kingdom
to
command
.
He
was
born
at
St.
James's
May
30.
1630.
it
was
said
a
Star
appeared
over
the
place
where
he
had
been
born
,
in
broad
day
,
which
in
those
times
was
interpreted
to
prognosticate
his
happiness
,
but
the
Ecclipse
of
the
Sun
which
happened
presently
after
was
no
less
a
presage
of
his
future
Calamities
.
There
was
little
remarkable
in
him
,
or
concerning
him
,
till
the
year
1639
,
when
the
unhappy
disaster
of
breaking
his
Arm
befell
him
;
and
that
not
long
after
he
was
afflicted
with
a
violent
Feaver
,
accompanied
with
a
little
of
the
Jaundice
;
but
having
at
length
recovered
his
perfect
health
,
and
the
fatal
differences
begun
long
before
,
but
now
daily
increasing
between
the
King
his
Father
and
the
People
,
he
accompanied
him
into
the
North
of
England
;
where
he
was
a
Spectator
of
that
dismall
Cloud
,
which
tho
small
at
its
first
gathering
,
yet
was
pregnant
with
that
dreadful
storm
,
which
in
a
short
time
spread
it self
,
over
him
,
his
Father
,
and
three
Nations
:
For
going
to
take
possession
of
Hull
,
as
they
thought
,
they
were
by
Sir
John
Hotham
denied
Entrance
,
and
forced
to
wait
several
hours
at
the
Gate
all
in
vain
.
From
this
time
forward
the
War
increasing
between
the
King
and
Parliament
,
he
was
first
spectator
of
that
successless
Battle
to
his
Father's
Arms
at
Edgehill
,
staid
some
time
after
at
Oxford
▪
From
thence
returning
to
the
Field
,
and
the
King's
forces
in
the
West
,
under
the
command
of
the
Lord
Hopton
,
of
which
the
Prince
was
nominally
General
,
being
routed
by
General
Fairfax
,
he
was
necessitated
to
retire
to
the
Isle
of
Scilly
,
and
from
thence
betook
himself
into
France
:
To
whom
his
Father
,
now
depriv'd
of
Command
himself
,
sent
a
Commission
of
Generalissimo
of
those
few
Royalists
that
survived
the
late
unhappy
overthrows
,
and
this
brought
him
to
the
Isle
of
Guernsey
;
where
he
possest
himself
of
some
Vessels
that
lay
there
,
and
having
joyned
them
to
those
he
had
brought
with
him
out
of
France
,
he
sailed
from
thence
into
the
Downs
,
where
he
seized
several
rich
Merchant-Ships
,
and
expected
some
Land-forces
from
Holland
,
raised
by
the
Prince
of
Orange
for
his
Service
.
But
alas
,
he
was
as
unfortunate
now
in
his
Warlike
attempts
,
as
his
Father
had
been
before
,
and
was
still
in
his
Treaties
of
Peace
;
for
Poyer
and
Langhorn
,
who
made
a
rising
in
Wales
were
soon
beaten
,
so
were
the
Surry
,
Essex
and
Kentish
Forces
,
without
any
reinforcements
from
him
as
was
designed
;
and
when
he
Landed
some
forces
for
the
relief
of
Deal-Castle
,
they
were
vanquished
almost
as
soon
as
Landed
.
This
with
the
taking
of
Colchester
by
Sir
Thomas
Fairfax
,
sent
him
back
again
to
his
Sister
the
Princess
of
Orange
to
the
Hague
.
Here
it
was
that
he
was
first
Entertained
with
the
horrible
news
of
his
Father's
Tragical
death
,
and
then
saluted
by
the
name
of
King
,
but
a
forlorn
Man
,
and
without
any
Subjects
to
govern
;
for
now
the
Rump
Parliament
ruled
the
Roast
in
England
,
and
had
assumed
to
themselves
the
Supream
power
of
the
Nation
,
by
the
name
and
title
of
the
Commonwealth
of
England
;
but
this
procedure
of
theirs
did
not
relish
well
with
the
Scotch
Covenanters
,
and
especially
now
they
found
,
that
those
Persons
in
the
English
Parliament
,
that
had
been
most
forward
in
establishing
the
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
between
both
Nations
,
were
not
only
laid
aside
,
but
clapt
up
into
nasty
PRISONS
.
Wherefore
being
willing
to
lay
hold
on
any
Twig
;
the
Scots
resolve
not
to
put
up
the
supposed
injury
tamely
,
but
to
try
their
Fortune
with
the
Rump
by
Arms
,
and
to
that
end
agree
to
invite
the
King
over
to
take
Possession
of
his
ancient
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
but
yet
tye
him
so
by
vertue
of
the
Treaty
with
him
,
to
take
their
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
,
as
a
Testimony
of
his
sorrow
for
his
Father's
Sins
,
and
to
banish
all
those
out
of
his
Court
who
would
not
take
the
Covenant
,
or
bare
Arms
for
his
Father
.
But
they
could
not
have
found
a
Plant
(
as
Mr.
Coke
observes
)
more
unlikely
to
produce
the
Fruit
of
Repentance
or
to
establish
Presbytery
than
himself
;
however
,
over
Shooes
over
Boots
,
prepare
he
does
to
waft
himself
over
for
Scotland
.
To
be
a
King
in
fact
,
he
desired
above
all
other
things
,
and
in
June
165O
,
landed
at
the
Spey
in
the
North
,
having
scaped
a
scouring
,
for
some
of
the
Rump
Ships
lay
in
wait
for
him
as
he
passed
the
Sea
,
and
narrowly
mist
him
.
In
some
time
after
he
was
solemnly
Crowned
at
Scone
,
but
alass
it
was
no
long-liv'd
Dignity
,
and
he
had
but
little
Joy
of
his
Crown
;
for
Cromwel
had
entred
Scotland
with
the
English
Army
,
and
having
beaten
the
Scots
in
several
smaller
Rencounters
,
did
at
last
upon
the
8
of
September
utterly
overthrow
the
much
more
numerous
Kirk
Army
at
Dunbar
,
commanded
by
old
General
Lesley
,
killing
3000
of
them
in
the
Battle
and
pursuit
,
and
taking
9000
Prisoners
with
all
their
Baggage
and
Ammunition
,
with
above
200
Colours
.
To
augment
these
Miseries
,
the
King
who
was
very
squeamish
in
Religion
,
and
could
not
submit
to
the
rigid
discipline
of
the
Kirk
,
runs
from
Scone
towards
the
High-lands
,
after
whom
ran
Montgomery
,
promising
,
if
he
would
return
,
the
Kirk
would
remit
part
of
the
Discipline
,
and
so
he
came
to
St.
John's
Town
:
But
here
was
no
lasting
Tranquillity
for
him
,
for
tho'
in
this
time
he
raised
a
very
numerous
Army
,
yet
the
Kirkmen
being
beaten
at
Dunbar
as
aforesaid
by
the
English
,
began
to
rail
bitterly
against
those
who
had
called
the
King
in
too
hastily
,
before
he
had
given
true
signs
of
Repentance
,
and
they
assumed
the
Kingly
Authority
so
far
,
as
to
make
such
Generals
of
the
Kirk
Army
as
they
thought
sit
.
But
Cromwel
in
the
mean
time
prevails
in
his
Conquests
,
and
tho'
Scotland
were
a
cold
Climate
yet
he
made
it
too
hot
for
the
King
and
his
Army
to
hold
long
there
,
and
therefore
he
slips
with
them
to
England
by
the
way
of
Carlile
,
but
was
followed
close
at
the
heels
by
Lambert
and
Harrison
,
and
soon
after
by
Cromwel
himself
with
the
main
Army
.
But
he
arrived
at
Worcester
City
with
little
opposition
,
and
there
Cromwel
came
up
with
him
,
where
they
joyned
Battle
,
but
as
all
his
attempts
before
in
his
Fathers
Cause
had
proved
succesless
,
he
met
with
no
better
Fortune
now
he
fought
in
his
own
Cause
,
nor
indeed
hardly
ever
did
in
all
his
Life-time
by
Arms
;
for
here
his
Army
was
utterly
Routed
by
Cromwel
,
(
that
very
day
twelve
Month
,
he
had
beaten
the
Scots
at
Dunbar
)
3550
whereof
were
killed
with
Duke
Hamilton
,
and
General
Forbes
and
5000
taken
Prisoners
,
of
which
number
were
the
Earls
of
Rothes
,
Kanworth
and
Kelly
,
the
Lords
Sinclaer
,
and
Mon●gomery
,
General
of
the
Ordinance
;
and
soon
after
David
Lesley
,
who
fought
not
or
but
little
in
the
Battle
,
was
Routed
by
Colonel
Lilburn
,
and
together
with
Lauderdale
,
the
Lords
Kenmoure
and
Middleton
taken
Prisoners
.
The
poor
King
seeing
all
now
irrecoverably
lost
,
about
six
in
the
Evening
marched
out
at
St
Martin's
Gate
,
leaving
all
that
was
valuable
but
his
Life
behind
him
,
as
a
prey
to
the
Enemy
;
and
being
come
to
a
place
called
Barbon-Bridge
,
he
consults
with
the
few
followers
he
had
with
him
,
what
to
do
,
among
whom
it
was
resolved
he
should
endeavour
to
get
back
into
Scotland
,
and
one
Walker
,
who
belonged
to
the
Lord
Talbots
Troop
was
made
choise
of
to
be
his
Guide
Northward
:
But
Walker
being
at
a
loss
when
he
came
to
Kinver-Heath
and
not
knowing
which
way
to
go
,
the
King
consulted
with
the
Lords
yet
about
him
,
whither
he
might
repair
with
most
safety
to
take
a
few
hours
rest
,
in
regard
he
found
himself
quite
worn
out
and
spent
;
whereupon
the
Earl
of
Derby
advised
him
to
go
to
Bosoobel
,
where
in
his
Flight
from
Wiggan
to
Worcester
,
he
met
with
a
trusty
Person
,
and
where
there
was
great
conveniency
of
Concealment
.
This
being
agreed
to
,
Mr.
Gifford
who
knew
the
way
best
,
was
appointed
to
conduct
him
thither
;
but
he
proposing
to
carry
him
first
to
White-Ladies
,
a
house
about
half
a
mile
from
Boscobel
,
where
he
might
repose
himself
a
while
,
and
then
take
farther
Resolutions
,
this
was
consented
to
,
and
thither
they
immediately
repaired
,
and
were
readily
entertained
by
George
Pendrel
the
youngest
of
the
five
Brethren
.
By
this
time
the
King
found
himself
extream
hungry
and
very
much
tired
with
his
long
and
hasty
march
,
and
here
it
was
that
he
rubbed
his
hands
and
face
with
the
foot
of
the
Chimney
,
had
the
locks
of
his
hair
disorderly
cut
off
,
and
was
stripped
of
his
blew
Ribbon
,
buff
C●at
and
other
Princely
Ornaments
,
which
to
prevent
a
discovery
were
buryed
under
Ground
,
and
his
Case
now
was
not
imparallell
to
his
Great
Ancestor
Robert
Bruce
King
of
Scotland
,
who
for
fear
of
Edward
I.
King
of
England
,
was
forced
to
sculk
in
the
High-Lands
,
and
there
to
live
for
a
time
more
like
a
Brute
Beast
then
a
Man
,
much
less
a
Prince
,
as
we
have
noted
towards
the
beginning
of
this
History
.
The
Kings
fine
Shirt
was
also
exchanged
for
a
course
Canvass
one
borrowed
of
one
Martin
,
and
a
suit
of
Cloaths
answerable
to
it
,
of
Richard
Pendrells
put
on
by
him
;
and
then
he
assumes
the
name
and
imployment
of
a
Woodman
,
and
so
with
Richard
,
with
a
Bill
in
his
hand
he
went
into
the
Wood
,
while
the
other
Brothers
went
out
to
scout
.
It
was
not
above
an
hour
after
his
going
into
the
Wood
before
a
Troop
of
the
Parliaments
Horse
came
to
White-Ladies
to
look
after
him
;
But
being
told
by
the
Towns-men
that
a
Party
of
Horse
had
been
there
about
three
hours
before
,
but
hasted
away
,
they
made
no
stay
but
went
upon
the
pursuit
;
which
being
told
to
the
King
he
would
not
adventure
to
come
into
the
house
out
of
the
Wood
all
day
,
where
he
was
miserably
wet
with
the
heavy
Rain
that
fell
,
and
where
about
noon
Richard's
Sister
brought
him
a
mess
of
Milk
,
mixt
with
Eggs
and
Sugar
,
in
a
black
earthen
Dish
,
and
the
King
guessing
it
to
be
Milk
and
Apples
,
said
he
loved
it
very
well
.
In
the
Evening
he
left
the
Wood
,
and
with
the
brothers
and
Francis
Yates
their
Brother-in-law
went
to
Richard
Pendrell's
House
,
under
the
name
of
one
William
Jones
a
Wood-Cutter
,
newly
come
thither
for
Work
,
where
he
had
Bacon
and
Eggs
for
supper
.
When
he
had
refresh'd
himself
a
little
,
he
departed
that
night
to
Mr.
Wolfs
at
Madeley
with
Richard
only
in
his
Company
,
the
rest
of
the
brethren
taking
their
leave
of
him
;
and
Yates
supposing
he
wanted
Money
offered
him
thirty
Shillings
,
which
was
all
he
had
,
of
which
the
King
took
only
Ten.
As
they
Journyed
on
towards
the
foresaid
place
he
met
with
an
odd
encounter
,
which
put
them
into
no
small
fright
at
a
place
called
Eveling-Mill
;
for
the
Miller
,
who
,
as
it
afterward
appear'd
,
was
a
Royalist
,
had
then
in
his
House
,
some
Considerable
Persons
of
the
Kings
Army
,
that
had
sheltered
themselves
there
in
their
Flight
from
Worcester
,
and
being
allarmed
by
Richard's
suffering
a
gate
to
clap
,
through
which
he
passed
,
and
boldly
demanding
who
was
there
;
Richard
fearing
he
had
pursued
them
,
quited
the
way
in
great
hast
,
and
waded
through
a
little
Brook
,
and
the
King
thereupon
doing
the
like
,
followed
him
only
by
the
ratling
of
his
leathern
Breeches
,
by
which
means
they
escaped
the
Miller
,
who
not
knowing
but
they
were
Enemies
,
was
as
glad
to
be
rid
of
them
,
as
they
were
to
shun
him
.
When
they
came
to
Mr.
Wolf's
House
,
the
Family
was
a
bed
,
but
upon
Richard's
kn●●●●ng
,
the
Daughter
came
to
the
door
and
they
were
admitted
in
;
and
some
Refreshment
the
King
had
here
,
but
the
fear
of
his
Enemies
would
not
let
him
rest
in
this
House
,
and
so
he
retired
to
an
adjacent
Barn
as
to
a
place
less
lyable
to
the
danger
of
a
surprize
.
During
his
stay
there
,
he
consulted
with
Mr.
Wolf
about
his
going
into
Wales
,
but
finding
upon
enquiry
the
strict
guard
that
was
kept
every
where
,
he
was
advised
to
retire
to
Boscobel
house
,
as
the
most
retired
place
in
all
those
parts
,
which
he
did
the
night
following
;
But
in
the
mean
time
his
Hands
and
Face
not
appearing
sufficiently
discoloured
,
Wolf
bathed
them
in
a
decoction
of
Wallnut
leaves
,
as
the
readiest
expedient
for
that
purpose
.
When
Richard
and
he
came
to
Boscobel
,
which
was
about
three
next
morning
,
the
King
was
left
in
the
Wood
,
while
Richard
went
in
to
see
if
there
were
any
Soldiers
there
,
and
finding
none
but
Collonel
Careless
,
who
was
fled
thither
from
Worcester
Fight
for
shelter
,
he
tells
him
of
the
Kings
arrival
,
who
went
immediately
out
to
conduct
him
in
;
where
he
fed
heartily
on
Coarse
Bread
and
Cheese
,
and
a
Possit
,
which
as
a
rarity
was
made
by
William
Pendrell's
Wife
,
of
thin
Milk
and
small
Beer
;
and
after
Supper
,
his
feet
being
extream
dirty
and
very
much
gall'd
with
travelling
,
he
was
forced
to
wash
them
,
and
for
want
of
Shooes
to
wear
,
whilst
his
own
were
dryed
,
they
were
necessitated
to
put
hot
embers
into
them
,
to
dry
them
a
little
whilst
his
feet
were
a
washing
.
After
the
King
had
refrest
himself
,
he
was
advised
by
the
Collonel
to
retire
to
the
Wood
again
as
the
safest
place
,
where
he
ascended
together
with
the
Collonel
into
an
Oak
,
thence-forward
called
the
Royal-Oak
,
where
he
stayd
most
part
of
the
day
;
but
in
the
Evening
he
returned
back
into
the
House
,
and
was
conducted
by
William
to
the
same
place
where
the
Earl
of
Derby
had
formerly
been
secured
,
which
he
liked
so
well
,
that
he
resolved
during
his
stay
there
to
trust
to
it
only
,
and
to
go
no
more
into
the
Oak
.
But
one
of
the
Pendrels
going
on
the
Saturday
following
to
Shefnall
,
he
met
with
one
of
the
Parliament
Colonels
,
who
was
in
search
for
the
King
,
and
who
coming
to
understand
where
Pendrell
lived
,
examined
him
strictly
about
it
,
laying
before
him
the
reward
of
a
Thousand
Pounds
,
if
he
made
a
Discovery
,
and
also
the
Penalty
of
Concealing
the
King
,
which
was
Death
without
Mercy
;
all
which
Pendrell
,
upon
his
return
at
Night
,
acquainted
the
King
with
,
whereat
he
was
not
a
little
terrified
.
But
the
Collonel
and
Pendrell
,
upon
their
Assurance
of
his
Safety
,
did
a
little
comfort
him
;
and
that
night
the
King
Supped
upon
no
common
dainty
,
which
was
a
dish
of
Chickens
,
prepared
by
Dame
Joan
(
as
he
called
her
)
Richard's
Wife
:
After
Supper
,
when
a
little
Bed
was
put
into
the
Secret
place
where
the
King
was
to
lye
,
the
Collonel
asked
him
,
What
he
would
please
to
have
for
Dinner
next
day
being
Sunday
;
He
told
him
,
he
could
wish
he
had
a
little
Mutton
;
but
this
they
found
hard
to
come
by
,
in
that
it
was
not
advisable
for
to
have
any
bought
in
the
Market
,
because
Pendrell's
Neighbours
knew
he
was
not
used
to
provide
any
such
Meat
for
his
own
eating
.
But
the
Collonel
next
Morning
early
would
go
to
Stanton's
Sheep-Coat
,
and
having
chosen
out
a
good
Sheep
,
stuck
him
with
his
Dagger
,
and
order'd
William
Pendrell
to
carry
him
home
;
where
being
flead
and
quarter'd
,
and
a
Leg
brought
to
the
King
,
he
called
for
a
Knife
and
a
Trenchard
,
and
having
cut
some
of
it
into
Collops
,
called
for
a
Frying-pan
,
and
Cooked
some
of
them
himself
;
the
Collonel
in
the
mean
time
,
by
making
the
Fire
,
and
turning
the
Collops
in
the
Pan
,
officiating
as
Under-Cook
.
But
being
inform'd
by
John
Pendrell
,
that
the
Lord
Wilmot
was
at
Mr.
Whitegraves
at
Mosle
,
he
sent
John
thither
to
let
him
know
he
was
safe
,
and
would
be
there
that
Night
;
but
when
John
came
,
he
found
Wilmot
was
gone
to
Bentley
;
however
he
acquainted
Mr.
Whitegrave
and
Mr.
Huddleston
that
the
King
was
at
Boscobell
,
where
he
had
but
very
ill
Accommodation
.
Whereupon
they
went
with
him
to
Bentley
,
and
the
Lord
Wilmot
sent
John
back
to
acquaint
the
King
with
his
resolution
to
meet
Him
that
Night
about
Twelve
or
One
of
the
Clock
,
in
a
little
Grove
of
Trees
,
not
far
from
Whitegraves
;
to
which
end
the
King
prepared
to
set
forth
:
But
having
not
yet
recover'd
his
late
foot
Journey
to
Madley
,
it
was
concluded
he
should
Ride
upon
Humphrey's
Mill-horse
,
a
sorry
Jade
,
and
a
Saddle
with
other
Accoutrements
answerable
,
and
was
conducted
thither
by
the
Five
Brothers
,
four
whereof
were
only
Scouts
,
while
the
fifth
attended
upon
His
Person
.
When
they
were
come
to
Penford-Mill
,
his
Guides
desir'd
him
to
alight
,
and
walk
the
remainder
of
the
way
on
foot
,
which
was
about
two
Miles
,
by
reason
the
Foot-way
was
the
safest
:
Whereupon
Humphrey
and
George
returning
with
the
Horse
,
the
rest
waited
on
him
to
his
Journeys
end
,
where
,
when
they
were
arriv'd
,
the
King
was
conducted
by
Huddleston
to
Whitegrave's
House
;
the
Lord
Wilmot
being
gone
thither
before
him
,
in
regard
he
staid
somewhat
longer
then
his
time
;
where
,
having
viewed
the
Secret
Place
,
wherein
he
was
to
be
conceal'd
,
he
went
into
Wilmot's
Chamber
,
and
sitting
down
upon
the
Bed-side
,
his
Nose
fell
a
Bleeding
,
which
made
him
pluck
out
of
his
pocket
an
Handerchief
,
which
was
both
very
coarse
and
dirty
,
but
suitable
to
the
rest
of
his
Apparel
:
For
he
wore
a
Leathern
Doublet
,
a
pair
of
Green
Breeches
,
and
a
Jump
Coat
of
the
same
,
a
pair
of
his
own
Stockins
,
with
their
Tops
cut
off
,
because
they
were
Embroyder'd
,
a
pair
of
Shooes
cut
and
slash'd
to
give
ease
to
his
Feet
,
an
old
gray
greasy
Hat
,
without
a
Lining
;
his
Face
and
Hands
being
answerable
thereunto
,
made
of
a
rusty
Complexion
,
by
the
help
of
the
Walnut-leaves
.
Huddleston
observing
that
his
Shirt
,
which
was
very
coarse
,
was
troublesome
to
him
,
and
hinder'd
him
to
rest
,
he
furnish'd
him
with
a
better
;
and
plucking
off
his
Shooes
and
Stockings
,
and
carefully
drying
his
Feet
,
he
found
that
some
body
had
innocently
put
White
Paper
betwixt
his
Feet
and
his
Stockings
,
which
,
with
his
Travelling
on
Foot
from
Penford-Mill
to
the
House
,
was
so
roll'd
together
,
that
it
served
rather
to
increase
,
than
asswage
the
former
soreness
of
his
Feet
.
But
not
thinking
it
convenient
to
tarry
there
long
,
he
sent
John
Pendrel
to
Collonel
Lane
to
Bentley
,
to
desire
him
to
convey
the
Lord
Wilmot's
Horses
thither
that
Night
,
about
12
of
the
Clock
,
in
order
to
his
putting
in
execution
the
Resolution
he
had
taken
,
of
going
Westward
,
under
the
Protection
of
a
Pass
Mrs.
Jane
Lane
had
procured
for
her Self
and
her
Man
to
Bristol
,
supposing
,
that
the
Enemy
would
,
in
all
probability
,
Pursue
him
Northward
,
without
entertaining
any
suspicion
of
his
going
into
the
West
.
Lane
brought
the
Horses
according
to
Order
,
and
so
convey'd
the
King
to
his
House
at
Bentley
,
from
whence
,
in
pursuance
to
his
Resolutions
,
he
Rid
before
Mrs.
Lane
to
Bristol
,
Wilmot
attending
him
at
a
distance
;
but
finding
himself
somewhat
incommoded
with
his
Cloak
,
he
complained
to
his
supposed
Mistress
,
that
it
wearied
him
;
which
made
her
desire
Mr.
Lastell
her
Father
,
who
also
Rode
along
with
them
,
to
carry
it
for
him
.
But
they
had
not
Rid
far
,
before
she
met
with
her
Brother-in-Law
,
who
ask'd
her
,
If
her
Father
must
carry
her
Man's
Cloak
;
to
which
she
made
Answer
,
That
it
was
so
big
,
that
it
often
endanger'd
the
throwing
her
down
,
else
she
would
not
have
been
so
uncivil
.
But
they
were
no
sooner
got
out
of
this
danger
,
then
they
fell
into
a
far
greater
;
for
being
to
pass
through
a
Town
,
where
a
Troop
of
the
Enemies
Horse
was
drawn
up
,
as
if
on
purpose
to
oppose
their
passage
,
the
King
was
put
into
an
horrible
Fright
;
but
the
Captain
thinking
no
otherwise
of
them
then
honest
Travellers
,
proved
very
Civil
,
and
Commanded
his
Troop
to
open
to
the
Right
and
Left
,
and
permitted
them
quietly
to
pass
forward
;
being
come
to
a
Gentleman's
House
at
Leigh
,
he
met
with
a
double
Rencounter
,
one
whereof
,
tho'
he
were
surrounded
with
so
many
Misfortunes
,
made
him
Smile
at
the
conceit
of
it
,
as
much
as
the
other
Terrifyed
him
with
the
Apprehensions
of
the
Danger
he
might
be
in
:
Being
there
left
in
the
Kitching
,
under
the
Notion
of
a
Serving-Man
,
the
Maid
happening
to
enter
into
some
Discourse
with
him
,
enquired
where
he
was
Born
?
What
Trade
he
was
?
How
long
he
had
lived
with
Mrs.
Lane
?
and
several
other
the
like
Questions
suitable
to
a
Kitching
Wench's
Curiosity
;
to
which
he
made
Answer
,
He
was
Born
at
Brumingham
,
was
a
Nailor's
Son
,
and
had
lived
with
Mrs.
Lane
about
a
Twelve
Month.
But
the
Jack
being
down
,
she
desired
him
to
wind
it
up
;
He
being
unskilful
therein
,
went
the
wrong
way
to
work
,
and
was
like
to
have
spoiled
the
Jack
;
whereupon
the
Maid
highly
offended
,
vented
her
Passion
in
Billinsgate-Language
against
him
,
asking
him
,
Where
he
was
Bred
?
and
saying
he
was
the
most
Ignorant
Fellow
she
ever
saw
in
her
life
,
and
much
more
to
the
same
purpose
,
which
made
him
withdraw
out
of
the
Room
Smilingly
:
But
the
King
finding
the
Gentleman's
House
to
be
a
place
of
great
resort
,
to
prevent
a
discovery
,
feigned
himself
sick
of
an
Ague
,
and
so
kept
his
Chamber
all
day
,
and
came
down
only
at
nights
,
and
it
being
the
Nature
of
that
Distemper
to
occasion
Thirst
,
that
his
pretence
might
seem
real
,
he
sometimes
desired
the
Butler
to
give
him
a
Glass
of
Wine
;
who
not
only
Gratified
him
therein
,
but
did
one
Evening
,
when
he
found
him
below
,
invite
him
into
the
Cellar
,
and
there
forc'd
him
to
drink
two
or
three
Healths
,
one
to
His
Majesty
,
another
to
His
Mother
,
&c.
but
at
length
,
by
some
thing
he
discover'd
in
him
,
he
began
to
suspect
him
to
be
the
King
,
notwithstanding
his
disguise
;
and
thereupon
falling
on
his
knees
,
begged
his
Pardon
,
and
protested
he
would
be
faithful
to
him
in
whatever
he
should
command
him
,
of
which
(
tho'
he
was
terribly
surpriz'd
)
he
took
little
or
no
notice
;
but
having
drank
up
his
Wine
went
his
way
:
Whereupon
the
Butler's
suspition
increasing
,
he
went
up
and
asked
Mr.
Lastel
,
How
long
he
had
had
that
Servant
?
who
being
angry
at
the
Butler's
Inquisitiveness
,
demanded
of
him
the
Reason
of
it
?
upon
which
the
Butler
whisper'd
him
in
the
Ear
,
and
told
him
,
He
believed
him
to
be
the
King
.
This
Passage
made
the
King
very
uneasie
,
and
therefore
he
resolved
to
hasten
his
going
to
Sea
as
soon
as
possible
;
but
tho'
there
lay
a
little
Bark
there
,
that
was
looked
upon
very
fit
for
the
purpose
,
yet
the
Master
could
not
be
prevail'd
upon
to
Transport
a
Single
Person
,
which
did
not
a
little
perplex
him
,
and
made
him
take
another
resolution
of
going
farther
Westward
,
where
he
was
concealed
at
a
Gentleman's
House
about
eight
or
ten
days
,
in
which
time
Preparation
was
made
for
his
Passage
into
France
.
But
coming
to
the
place
where
the
Vessel
was
provided
,
he
chanced
to
Dine
with
a
Collonel
of
the
Parliaments
Army
;
and
therefore
fearing
his
Embarking
▪
singly
might
work
some
suspition
in
him
,
he
chose
rather
to
defer
it
,
and
so
returned
to
the
place
whence
he
came
,
and
from
thence
,
after
three
weeks
longer
concealment
,
was
conveyed
through
By-ways
,
to
a
Gentleman's
House
in
Sussex
;
where
having
concealed
himself
till
the
Search
for
him
was
pretty
well
over
,
he
was
,
at
last
,
provided
of
a
small
Ship
,
that
took
Him
in
at
Shoreham
,
a
little
Creeck
in
that
County
,
and
set
him
on
Shore
near
Havre
de
Grace
in
Normandy
,
from
whence
he
went
to
Diep
,
and
so
to
the
French
Court
,
and
from
whence
he
stirred
up
the
Dutch
,
by
the
means
of
his
Sister
the
Princess
of
Orange
,
to
make
War
upon
the
Rump
in
his
Favour
.
But
all
that
he
got
by
it
was
,
an
entire
disappointment
of
his
hopes
that
way
,
and
they
to
be
so
beaten
,
as
they
were
never
before
nor
after
by
the
English
Fleet.
Oliver
Cromwel
sometime
after
assuming
the
Supream
Power
by
the
Title
of
Protector
,
he
and
Mazarine
grew
so
gracious
one
with
another
,
that
France
began
now
to
be
too
hot
to
hold
King
Charles
;
so
as
,
he
was
necessitated
to
retire
thence
to
the
Elector
of
Cologn
,
and
afterwards
into
the
Spanish
Netherlands
;
where
he
ordered
the
English
,
Scots
,
and
Irish
,
in
those
parts
,
which
amounted
to
between
four
and
five
thousand
Men
to
joyn
the
Spaniards
to
attempt
the
relief
of
Dunkirk
,
then
besieged
by
the
French
and
English
.
But
herein
he
was
as
fatal
in
his
Arms
as
he
had
been
all
along
before
;
for
the
Spanish
Army
were
utterly
routed
,
and
this
defeat
broke
his
whole
design
,
so
that
he
never
after
made
use
of
Arms
to
recover
his
Inheritance
,
but
retired
to
Bruges
;
where
he
stay'd
to
see
the
event
of
things
.
The
death
of
Oliver
Cromwell
,
together
with
the
many
changes
of
Government
that
happened
thereupon
in
England
,
gave
new
life
to
his
hope
,
and
made
him
go
in
person
to
the
Pyrenaean
Treaty
to
promote
his
Interest
;
from
whence
he
returned
through
France
to
Bruxells
.
But
coming
to
understand
that
Sir
George
Booth
,
and
the
Cheshire
Men
were
supprest
by
Lambert
,
it
did
not
a
little
damp
his
hopes
,
and
made
him
return
again
to
Bruxells
,
from
about
St.
Maio's
,
where
he
privately
lay
in
readiness
to
take
Shipping
for
England
,
upon
the
first
good
event
of
Sir
George
and
others
undertakings
for
him
.
But
his
Crown
was
not
to
be
recovered
by
War
;
how
then
came
he
to
be
restored
?
A
grand
step
towards
it
was
the
Rump
Parliament's
Jealousie
of
Monk
,
and
his
Jealousie
of
them
again
;
But
what
contributed
most
to
it
was
the
unsetled
state
of
the
Nation
,
under
the
many
Vicissitudes
of
Government
that
had
been
introduced
since
the
death
of
the
King
his
Father
,
which
made
the
People
very
uneasie
,
and
long
for
a
Settlement
upon
any
terms
;
and
therefore
the
Convention
when
they
met
in
order
to
it
on
April
25.
1660.
did
hand
overhead
without
any
Preliminaries
of
asserting
the
Rights
and
Liberties
of
the
English
,
Charles
Stuart
II.
Restored
to
his
Dominions
,
An.
166●
.
so
manifestly
violated
by
his
Father
and
Grandfather
,
restore
him
without
any
contradiction
;
which
did
not
a
little
contribute
to
the
succeeding
uneasiness
of
his
Reign
,
as
well
as
the
Nations
trouble
.
But
restored
he
was
,
as
aforesaid
;
and
on
May
25.
following
Landed
at
Dover
,
and
was
received
every
where
with
utmost
Demonstrations
of
Joy
.
About
October
following
came
over
the
Queen-Mother
,
seemingly
to
Treat
about
a
Marriage
between
Mounsieur
of
France
and
her
fair
Daughter
Henrietta
Maria
;
But
it
's
like
the
Marriage
between
the
King
and
the
Infanta
of
Portugal
was
no
less
designed
,
which
was
after
Consummated
,
and
wherein
he
was
as
unhappy
in
respect
to
Procreation
by
her
,
as
he
was
fruitful
in
what
ground
soever
else
he
sowed
his
seed
,
which
he
was
Prodigal
enough
of
.
But
there
was
yet
somewhat
else
of
far
more
dangerous
consequence
to
poor
England
,
and
more
dishonourable
to
the
King
,
that
brought
the
Queen-Mother
over
,
and
that
was
the
Sale
of
Dunkirk
to
the
French
,
whose
Agent
she
was
in
that
fine
spot
of
work
.
If
the
King's
Arms
,
whilst
an
Exile
,
in
conjunction
with
the
Spaniards
,
were
so
unsuccessful
in
the
relief
of
Dunkirk
,
then
Besieged
by
the
joint
force
of
English
and
French
;
he
was
much
more
unhappy
in
the
Sale
of
it
afterward
for
400000
l.
(
whereof
one
moiety
was
detained
for
the
Portion
of
Henrietta
Maria
his
Sister
)
and
not
to
the
Spaniards
,
who
were
kind
to
him
in
his
adverse
Fortunes
,
and
had
most
right
to
it
;
but
to
the
French
,
who
had
done
all
they
could
by
their
Embassador
Bourdeux
to
hinder
his
Restoration
,
and
on
whose
side
the
Ballance
then
lay
;
which
it
had
been
his
business
to
have
kept
even
as
his
Predecessors
the
Kings
of
England
were
wont
to
do
,
and
particularly
Henry
8.
and
Queen
Elizabeth
:
This
action
I
think
was
us
unparallel'd
as
any
can
be
found
in
our
English
Annals
.
It
was
indeed
a
Charge
against
Mary
Queen
of
Scots
,
that
she
would
have
transferred
her
Right
of
Succession
to
the
English
Crown
to
the
then
King
of
Spain
Philip
2.
but
that
if
true
,
was
giving
away
what
was
not
in
her
power
to
dispose
of
;
and
much
such
another
Donation
as
that
of
the
Pope's
to
the
Emperor
Charles
,
of
the
Kingdom
of
Mexico
,
tho
with
a
different
fate
to
both
Nations
;
but
here
was
neither
Donation
,
force
,
nor
any
visible
necessity
,
but
a
voluntary
act
in
King
Charles
to
the
inestimable
damage
of
England
,
as
has
been
but
too
sensibly
felt
to
this
very
day
.
You
must
note
that
the
gazing
World
stood
a
little
while
amazed
at
the
strange
Revolution
in
England
by
the
King
's
easie
and
pacifick
Restoration
,
and
with
what
transports
of
Joy
he
was
received
by
the
Nation
,
then
in
a
most
Warlike
posture
,
and
as
much
dreaded
by
our
Neighbours
,
and
particularly
by
the
French
,
who
had
formed
designs
for
an
Universal
Monarchy
:
But
now
they
were
put
to
a
stand
to
see
what
such
a
mighty
power
,
and
apparently
lasting
Settlement
in
England
would
produce
;
yet
finding
at
length
that
here
all
thoughts
of
Military
glory
and
extention
of
Dominion
seemed
wholly
to
be
laid
aside
,
and
all
the
severity
of
the
preceding
times
,
daily
degenerate
to
the
Luxuries
of
an
Effeminate
Reign
;
they
began
to
reassume
their
former
design
,
and
to
prosecute
the
foundation
Cardinal
Richlieu
had
laid
for
them
.
But
that
they
might
make
sure
work
on
't
,
and
see
that
they
made
a
true
judgment
of
the
English
affairs
,
they
resolved
to
try
such
an
Experiment
as
would
throughly
decide
the
matter
,
and
what
must
that
be
but
overtures
for
the
buying
of
Dunkirk
;
which
succeeding
as
aforesaid
,
according
to
their
wishes
,
raised
their
hopes
higher
than
ever
of
attaining
their
ends
.
And
because
they
knew
well
enough
that
the
English
were
a
powerful
People
by
Sea
,
and
that
while
they
retained
the
Soveraignty
of
it
,
it
would
be
a
hard
rub
in
their
way
,
they
joyn
their
strength
with
the
Dutch
to
dispute
the
Dominion
of
it
with
us
;
but
the
Dutch
were
as
unfortunate
in
their
Allyance
in
the
first
Dutch
War
,
as
the
English
were
in
the
second
,
when
they
joyned
with
them
against
the
Dutch
;
for
excepting
the
time
that
the
English
Fleet
was
divided
in
the
first
War
,
and
that
base
business
of
burning
the
Ships
at
Chatham
,
so
much
to
the
King
and
Nations
dishonour
;
the
Dutch
came
by
the
worst
of
it
in
all
the
rest
of
the
Engagements
;
and
it
was
much
the
same
luck
the
English
had
by
their
Conjunction
in
the
second
War
,
the
French
both
times
standing
aloof
as
looking
on
,
and
no
doubt
laughing
in
their
sleeves
,
to
see
the
two
most
Potent
Nations
in
the
World
by
Sea
,
weaken
and
destroy
one
anothe
whilst
they
in
the
mean
time
not
only
saved
their
own
stake
,
but
learned
how
to
fight
,
and
doubted
not
but
in
time
to
run
away
with
the
prey
from
both
of
them
.
The
People
of
England
were
no
more
satisfied
before
with
their
imaginary
happiness
in
the
King's
Restoration
;
but
they
were
now
,
upon
the
ill
management
of
Affairs
,
the
much
Treasure
that
had
been
spent
to
so
little
purpose
,
and
more
especially
upon
our
Conjunction
with
the
French
,
to
the
manifest
hazard
of
the
Protestant
Religion
,
as
well
as
the
Civil
Rights
of
Europe
,
as
much
uneasie
and
suspitious
of
the
Court-proceedings
:
And
it
did
not
a
little
incense
them
that
the
French
made
such
a
Progress
in
Flanders
,
and
got
all
by
Land
,
while
we
got
nothing
but
Blows
at
Sea
;
and
therefore
the
House
of
Commons
on
the
31.
of
October
1673.
Voted
that
considering
the
present
State
of
the
Natition
,
they
would
not
take
into
further
Consideration
,
any
Aids
or
Charges
upon
the
Subject
,
except
it
did
appear
that
the
obstinacy
of
the
Dutch
did
render
it
necessary
,
nor
before
the
Kingdom
should
be
effectually
secured
from
Popery
and
Popish
Counsels
,
and
other
Grievances
redressed
:
which
procedure
thunder-struck
the
King
and
his
Frenchified
Council
,
so
as
that
a
Peace
with
the
Dutch
was
quickly
huddled
up
;
and
so
he
then
set
up
for
a
Mediator
of
Peace
between
the
rest
,
and
the
Treaty
spun
out
to
a
very
great
length
at
Nimeguen
;
and
was
at
last
concluded
after
some
years
Conferences
without
King
Charles
consent
by
Beverning
the
Dutch
Agent
;
which
spared
him
a
labour
of
entring
into
an
actual
War
with
Franee
,
as
the
Parliament
would
have
had
him
;
and
to
which
he
was
as
unwilling
as
he
had
been
before
forward
in
his
engaging
against
the
Dutch
,
a
Protestant
State
.
The
remainder
of
his
succeeding
Reign
was
as
uneasie
to
himself
and
to
the
Nation
,
upon
the
account
first
of
the
Popish
Plot
,
the
many
endeavours
to
stiffle
it
,
the
Bill
of
Exclusion
,
and
the
Division
of
the
Nation
into
Whig
and
Torry
hereupon
;
then
that
called
the
Presbyterian
Plot
,
both
Plots
they
said
against
his
life
,
(
which
if
true
,
he
was
the
more
unhappy
)
for
which
last
the
Noble
Lord
Russel
suffered
,
and
the
Great
Earl
of
Essex
had
his
Throat
Barbarously
cut
in
the
Tower
of
London
the
King's
Prison
,
and
King
Charles
had
the
unhappiness
to
be
there
that
day
,
where
he
had
not
been
hardly
in
twenty
years
before
.
And
last
of
all
the
forfeiture
and
seizure
of
Charters
(
which
tho
carried
on
with
great
fury
in
his
Reign
,
that
thereby
he
might
have
a
Parliament
of
his
own
choosing
,
as
Cromwell
had
,
and
so
do
what
he
pleased
)
yet
he
did
not
live
to
compleat
his
designs
.
Tho'
the
Censures
upon
the
manner
of
his
Death
are
various
,
yet
most
are
agreed
(
says
the
Author
of
the
Introduction
to
King
Charles
II.
Character
)
there
was
some
fraud
in
it
,
some
ascribing
it
to
the
intreagues
of
France
,
who
as
they
Undid
his
Father
by
a
Wife
,
Ruined
the
Son
by
a
Mistress
;
and
therefore
alleadge
that
the
French
King
being
weary
of
feeding
him
with
Pensions
,
and
dreading
his
natural
Parts
,
if
upon
any
disgust
he
should
come
to
unite
with
his
Parliaments
against
France
;
he
thought
it
his
Interest
to
take
him
off
,
and
make
way
for
a
Successor
,
who
as
he
made
open
profession
of
his
own
Religion
,
would
be
more
pliable
to
his
dictates
:
Then
as
touching
the
method
of
effecting
it
,
they
say
,
that
the
Dutchess
of
P.
who
bewitched
him
with
her
Amours
,
and
had
not
only
drained
the
substance
of
his
Body
,
but
likewise
the
substance
of
his
Purse
;
either
of
which
being
once
accomplished
,
the
Love
of
a
St
—
●t
to
her
Paramour
vanishes
,
so
that
having
a
mind
to
change
Gallants
,
or
seeing
no
more
hopes
of
former
advantages
,
she
gave
him
such
Provocatives
as
made
him
act
beyond
his
natural
Strength
,
and
threw
him
into
those
Apoplectick
Fits
which
carryed
him
off
:
There
are
others
who
ascribe
his
Death
to
the
Romish
Faction
,
who
being
angry
at
his
having
so
often
deceived
them
,
and
impatient
till
they
came
to
a
tryal
of
skill
for
establishing
their
Religion
,
while
Lewis
XIV
.
was
in
the
height
of
his
Power
and
Glory
,
did
therefore
administer
the
fatal
Dose
,
which
sent
King
Charles
II.
a
Packing
,
and
brought
his
Brother
to
the
Throne
▪
under
whose
auspicious
Conduct
,
they
made
no
question
of
restoring
the
Church
of
Rome
to
the
full
possession
of
all
she
had
formerly
enjoy'd
in
these
three
Kingdoms
.
It
's
certain
there
were
some
accidents
fell
out
some
time
before
the
King's
Death
,
that
raised
some
Jealousy
in
the
breast
of
the
Romanists
;
who
thought
by
that
,
he
would
,
upon
the
presenting
of
the
first
opportunity
face
about
,
as
they
found
by
experience
he
had
more
then
once
done
,
and
fall
in
with
the
Interest
of
a
Party
,
he
now
for
some
years
,
by
their
instigation
had
been
endeavouring
to
destroy
and
root
out
of
the
World
:
And
what
rendred
their
suspitions
of
him
the
more
incurable
,
was
,
that
a
Pamphlet
having
been
spread
abroad
,
a
little
before
Christmas
,
1684.
setting
forth
,
that
the
Earl
of
Essex
had
not
cut
his
own
Throat
,
but
had
been
Murdered
by
Russians
set
on
by
the
Papists
,
&c.
the
King
upon
the
hearing
of
it
,
should
say
,
Essex's
Cause
once
more
.
And
that
he
might
meet
with
no
obstruction
in
the
way
,
he
ordered
the
Duke
his
Brother
to
prepare
to
go
for
Scotland
;
which
the
other
,
whether
smelling
the
design
,
or
that
the
train
to
blow
the
King
up
was
already
layd
by
him
,
absolutely
refused
to
do
:
this
occasioned
high
words
between
them
;
insomuch
that
the
late
M.
of
H.
who
was
well
known
to
be
a
great
favourite
,
coming
on
the
Sunday
before
the
King
Dyed
to
wait
upon
him
after
Evening
Service
,
he
found
him
in
his
Closet
alone
under
great
concern
of
Mind
,
puffing
after
a
more
then
ordinary
rate
,
and
looking
pensive
with
his
Face
towards
the
ground
,
which
the
M.
observing
,
made
him
stand
still
,
till
the
King
looking
up
,
asked
hastily
,
How
now
my
Lord
,
How
do
you
do
?
to
which
the
M.
answering
,
the
better
to
see
his
Majesty
well
,
and
soforth
;
the
King
returned
again
to
his
former
posture
;
but
at
length
,
broke
forth
into
these
Words
;
My
Lord
will
you
be
ingenious
with
we
,
and
answer
me
one
question
?
to
which
the
Marquess
replying
,
he
would
if
he
could
:
Then
(
said
the
King
)
I
charge
you
upon
your
Alleagiance
to
tell
me
how
I
stand
affected
with
the
People
of
England
:
The
M.
after
some
pause
answered
,
Sir
,
you
have
been
always
ranked
among
the
mercifull
and
Clement
Princes
,
and
have
given
evident
Testimonies
of
your
being
so
upon
various
occasions
;
but
I
must
tell
your
Majesty
,
that
of
late
your
Government
has
been
somewhat
uneasy
to
your
People
:
Well
,
said
the
King
,
one
thing
I
am
resolved
on
,
I
'll
once
more
throw
my self
upon
the
People
of
England
,
and
to
that
end
will
go
this
week
into
the
City
,
and
I
'le
call
a
Parliament
at
the
Guild-Hall
:
the
M.
was
somewhat
surprized
at
these
words
,
and
said
;
Sir
,
If
that
be
your
Resolution
,
I
pray
God
to
bless
it
;
but
let
me
beg
of
your
Majesty
never
to
let
it
go
out
of
your
own
Breast
any
further
,
til●
you
put
it
in
Execution
:
Which
when
the
King
had
promised
to
do
,
they
parted
.
The
King
that
night
supped
at
P.
Lodgings
;
where
he
seemed
to
be
very
merry
,
and
in
the
close
drunk
a
Dish
of
Chocolate
,
prepared
by
a
Wise
Lady
,
of
which
he
complained
again
and
again
that
it
tasted
hotter
than
ordinary
;
but
he
sipped
it
off
,
and
thence
went
to
his
Rest
.
Next
morning
which
was
Munday
he
was
taken
very
Ill
▪
which
,
no
doubt
,
was
the
effect
of
the
last
nights
Entertainment
,
however
they
might
call
his
Distemper
;
and
so
continued
till
the
Fryday
following
in
extream
Misery
and
Anguish
,
when
he
dyed
,
most
People
suspecting
he
had
foul
Play
:
And
many
that
saw
him
during
his
Illness
believing
it
to
be
so
,
and
particularly
(
says
the
Author
of
his
Character
)
the
most
knowing
and
deserving
of
his
Physitians
Doctor
Short
,
did
not
only
believe
him
Poysoned
,
but
thought
himself
so
too
,
not
long
after
,
for
having
declared
his
opinion
a
little
too
boldly
in
the
case
.
And
as
the
manner
and
contrivance
of
this
King's
Death
was
the
work
of
Darkness
,
so
were
his
Funeral
Obsequies
;
for
never
any
King
,
who
dyed
possest
of
a
Crown
,
was
so
obscurely
and
contemptibly
Buryed
,
being
hurryed
in
the
dead
of
the
Night
to
his
Grave
,
as
if
his
Corps
had
been
to
be
arrested
for
Debt
,
and
not
so
much
as
the
Blew-Coat
Boys
to
attend
it
.
King
Charles
was
no
sooner
gone
,
James
Stuart
II.
came
to
the
Crown
February
6.
1684
/
5.
but
James
Duke
of
York
,
his
only
surviving
Brother
,
ascends
the
English
Throne
by
the
style
and
Title
of
James
II.
And
made
open
Profession
immediately
of
the
Popish
Religion
,
for
which
some
in
his
Brother's
Reign
were
severely
punished
for
but
saying
he
was
such
,
or
so
inclined
;
and
not
only
so
,
but
ordered
his
Brothers
Dying
in
the
Communion
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
and
before
his
Death
his
receiving
his
Viaticum
and
other
Ceremonies
of
that
Church
,
and
attested
by
Father
Huddleston
,
to
be
printed
,
and
also
the
Papers
taken
out
of
the
King
's
strong
Box
,
shewing
;
That
however
,
he
outwardly
appeared
otherwise
in
his
Life
,
yet
in
his
Heart
he
was
sincerely
a
true
Roman
Catholick
.
He
made
profession
in
his
Speech
to
the
Council
the
day
of
his
Brother's
Death
,
that
he
would
preserve
the
Church
and
State
of
England
as
by
Law
Established
,
and
as
he
would
never
depart
from
the
just
Rights
and
Prerogatives
of
the
Crown
,
so
he
would
never
invade
any
Man's
Property
;
but
how
ill
he
conformed
himself
hereunto
,
is
but
too
manifestly
known
to
all
the
World
.
For
the
very
first
Week
he
took
both
the
Customs
and
the
Excise
granted
only
for
his
Brothers
Life
,
before
they
were
given
him
by
Parliament
;
And
for
the
Church
,
I
think
no
Man
so
Audacious
as
to
deny
the
design
of
his
whole
,
tho'
blessed
be
God
,
short
Reign
,
was
to
overthrow
it
by
the
introduction
of
his
own
Monkish
Religion
in
the
room
of
it
:
But
if
he
was
unhappy
first
in
making
such
a
Promise
of
adhering
to
both
Church
and
State
as
then
Established
,
contrary
,
no
doubt
,
to
the
designs
he
had
framed
before
of
Ruining
them
;
he
was
much
more
so
in
the
methods
he
took
to
bring
his
ends
about
,
which
Terminated
at
last
in
a
fatal
Abdication
,
yet
so
as
that
he
remains
to
this
day
naturally
alive
to
be
a
living
Monument
and
confessor
of
his
own
egregious
folly
:
And
the
loss
of
the
Button
of
his
Scepter
that
day
he
was
Crowned
,
which
,
as
far
as
I
could
hear
,
was
never
found
,
was
I
remember
then
,
Interpreted
by
some
,
as
a
presage
of
no
lasting
connection
between
him
and
the
Nation
.
His
petty
success
against
the
D.
of
Monmouth
and
his
Adherents
did
not
a
little
elate
his
spirits
,
which
gave
him
an
opportunity
to
keep
a
standing
Army
,
and
put
such
Officers
into
it
as
were
of
his
own
stamp
;
and
so
being
backt
with
this
Armed
Power
,
he
proceeds
bare-fac'd
to
dispence
with
the
Laws
by
granting
Liberty
of
Conscience
to
all
that
dissented
from
the
Church
of
England
;
thinking
hereby
,
and
by
a
timely
regulating
of
Corporations
to
gain
such
a
Parliament
as
would
quite
repeal
them
.
And
that
in
the
mean
time
he
might
curb
the
Church
and
the
Universities
,
he
puts
his
High
Commission
upon
their
Backs
,
thinking
by
it
to
worry
them
into
a
compliance
.
And
because
my
Lord
of
London
would
not
comply
with
his
Arbitrary
Proceedings
,
Jeffery's
with
this
Popish
Bull
(
I
mean
)
the
High
Commission
,
roared
him
into
a
Suspension
.
And
because
the
Fellows
of
Magdalen-Colledge
would
not
(
contrary
to
their
Statutes
and
Oaths
)
choose
a
President
to
the
King's
mind
,
he
first
entertained
them
with
a
Dish
of
Billingsgate
,
and
then
by
virtue
of
the
same
Commission
,
sent
them
a
Grazing
into
the
Countries
,
to
make
room
for
his
own
Popish
Seminaries
,
and
Cut-throat
Jesuits
.
But
among
all
the
actions
of
this
King
's
Diminitive
reign
,
That
of
sending
the
Bishops
to
the
Tower
,
(
not
for
refusing
to
take
care
to
have
the
Declaration
of
Indulgence
read
in
their
respective
Diocesses
)
but
for
Petitioning
of
him
in
a
regular
and
dutiful
manner
,
wherein
they
gave
their
Reasons
why
they
could
not
comply
with
his
order
,
together
with
an
Introduction
of
a
Prince
of
Wales
into
the
World
,
as
a
new
Miracle
to
the
Legend
,
the
next
day
after
their
Commitment
;
was
the
rashest
,
most
inconsiderate
and
madest
thing
he
could
be
guilty
of
.
Surely
when
he
did
this
,
he
wanted
some
body
to
pray
over
the
Poets
wish
for
him
:
—
Dii
te
damasippe
Deaeque
Donent
Tonsore
.
—
For
it
was
most
apparent
by
the
Universal
Joy
expressed
throughout
the
Nation
at
their
Acquitment
,
how
they
resented
their
Commitment
and
Trial
:
And
if
the
King
did
before
decline
in
the
affection
of
the
People
day
by
day
;
I
may
truly
say
,
this
was
a
concluding
act
,
and
lost
him
England
.
For
now
all
the
Eyes
of
the
People
are
turned
from
him
towards
Holland
,
where
the
Prince
of
Orange
was
Arming
to
come
to
their
relief
.
The
King
would
not
at
first
believe
that
the
vast
Preparations
in
Holland
concerned
him
,
tho
the
French
King
had
given
him
notice
of
them
the
26.
of
August
before
;
but
being
at
length
convinced
by
the
States
Manifesto
of
the
truth
of
the
matter
,
he
undid
in
one
day
all
that
he
had
been
doing
since
his
first
coming
to
the
Crown
;
as
dissolving
his
Commission
for
Ecclesiastical
Affairs
,
restoring
the
City
of
London
to
all
its
Ancient
Franchises
and
Charters
,
as
fully
as
before
the
Quo
Waranto
,
and
giving
order
for
the
resetling
the
Expelled
Fellows
of
Maudlin
Colledge
,
in
their
places
again
:
He
made
also
great
Preparations
both
by
Sea
and
Land
for
to
defend
himself
;
but
tho
he
be
naturally
still
alive
,
and
he
above
knows
,
who
knows
all
things
,
what
his
end
may
be
;
yet
all
these
Precautions
and
windings
against
the
grain
,
were
so
far
from
preventing
,
that
they
did
now
but
concur
to
precipitate
his
Civil
death
,
which
we
shall
now
briefly
relate
unto
you
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
having
on
November
the
Fifth
Landed
his
Army
in
Torbay
,
he
presently
Published
his
Declaration
,
setting
forth
the
Cause
of
his
coming
.
Upon
which
some
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
joyned
him
,
and
others
made
Preparations
in
the
remoter
parts
to
declare
for
him
.
King
James
upon
the
News
of
the
Princes
Landing
,
ordered
his
Army
to
march
Westward
with
a
resolution
to
follow
in
Person
;
But
before
he
went
,
he
thought
it
requisite
to
provide
for
the
safety
of
his
darling
Prince
of
Wales
,
whom
the
Prince
of
Orange
in
his
Manifesto
spread
about
the
Kingdom
some
days
before
,
declared
upon
just
and
visible
grounds
,
that
both
himself
and
all
the
Good
People
of
England
did
vehemently
suspect
not
to
be
born
of
the
Queen's
Body
.
Wherefore
several
Persons
were
summoned
(
who
were
present
at
the
pretended
birth
)
to
declare
the
truth
upon
Oath
,
and
to
have
the
same
registred
in
Chancery
;
but
the
King
not
daring
to
trust
to
the
validity
of
these
Affadavits
,
which
the
Nation
had
all
the
reason
in
the
world
to
suspect
,
he
ordered
the
Yonker
to
be
sent
away
with
a
strong
Guard
to
Portsmouth
,
that
if
things
went
ill
he
should
be
convey'd
over
into
France
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Prince
of
Orange
prospered
in
his
Army
,
and
advanced
as
far
as
Exeter
,
and
was
joyned
,
among
multitudes
of
others
that
flocked
in
to
him
daily
out
of
the
adjacent
Countries
,
by
the
Lord
Cornbury
with
Three
Regiments
along
with
him
,
which
he
carried
off
from
the
King's
Army
.
About
this
time
the
Prince
received
also
intelligence
that
the
Lord
Delamere
had
declared
for
him
in
Cheshire
.
King
James
being
informed
of
all
these
things
,
was
horribly
dismayed
,
and
uncertain
whether
he
should
go
to
the
Army
,
or
no
:
However
at
length
he
took
up
a
resolution
of
going
to
Salisbury
,
where
he
began
to
bleed
violently
at
the
Nose
,
which
together
with
the
many
ill
adventures
that
befell
him
there
,
as
his
being
forsaken
by
his
own
Daughter
the
Princess
Anne
,
Prince
George
,
the
Duke
of
Grafton
,
the
Lord
Churchill
,
and
many
others
who
went
over
to
the
Prince
then
at
Sherborn
;
all
of
them
dangerous
limbs
to
be
lost
by
him
,
he
returned
Novemb.
26.
in
the
Evening
to
London
;
where
for
an
accumulation
of
the
rest
of
his
Misfortunes
he
received
an
Address
from
the
Fleet
for
a
Free
Parliament
:
So
that
thinking
London
,
nay
all
England
now
too
hot
to
hold
him
;
he
first
sent
his
Queen
and
pretended
Son
into
France
,
and
quickly
after
followed
himself
.
In
order
thereunto
he
put
himself
Aboard
a
small
Smach
,
Commanded
by
one
Captain
Saunders
,
but
was
forced
for
shelter
to
put
into
Eastwall
,
the
Eastern
part
of
the
Isle
of
Sheppy
,
in
order
to
the
taking
in
of
Ballast
;
where
the
Inhabitants
of
Feversham
being
abroad
to
pick
up
Jesuits
,
and
other
suspected
persons
,
met
this
Vessel
;
and
having
seized
it
,
found
this
wretched
Prince
attended
only
by
Sir
Edward
Hales
,
and
Mr.
Labady
therein
;
who
not
being
at
first
known
,
were
all
of
them
but
coarsly
handled
by
the
Mobil●ty
,
more
particularly
the
King
himself
,
who
was
rifled
of
what
Gold
and
Jewels
he
had
about
him
,
and
had
his
Clothes
rent
and
torn
in
the
searching
of
him
.
When
the
Lords
at
London
had
notice
of
his
being
at
Feversham
,
they
sent
some
Persons
to
attend
him
,
to
move
him
to
return
;
but
they
had
in
the
mean
time
made
their
application
to
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
for
to
assist
them
for
the
Security
of
the
Protestant
Religion
;
and
sent
some
of
their
number
with
Four
Aldermen
,
and
Eight
Commoners
to
attend
him
at
Henley
.
The
King
who
was
detained
at
Feversham
,
till
the
aforesaid
Orders
came
from
London
,
did
December
15.
remove
to
Rochester
,
and
from
thence
next
day
being
Sunday
returned
to
Whitehall
,
attended
once
more
like
a
King
of
England
,
with
a
Troop
of
Granadiers
,
and
three
Troops
of
the
Life-guard
.
But
it
was
only
Pageant
greatness
,
for
a
set
of
Boys
only
followed
him
through
the
City
,
and
made
some
Huzza's
,
but
the
rest
of
the
People
silently
looked
on
:
And
here
he
found
the
Popish
Religious
houses
laid
as
flat
to
the
ground
as
his
own
heart
was
now
sunk
deep
in
his
body
.
Upon
his
Arrival
at
London
,
and
finding
there
no
ease
,
he
desired
the
Prince
that
he
might
return
to
Rochester
again
,
which
being
granted
readily
,
he
took
his
final
farewell
of
the
City
,
and
went
to
the
foresaid
place
,
where
he
staid
till
the
23.
of
December
,
when
about
One
or
Two
in
the
Morning
,
he
privately
withdrew
,
taking
only
Mr.
Sh●●don
and
Delabady
along
with
him
,
with
whom
he
went
to
Dover
,
and
there
Embarkt
in
a
Vessel
that
lay
ready
for
his
Transportation
to
France
;
So
he
went
out
like
a
snuff
in
England
,
but
still
retained
some
glimmering
light
in
Scotland
and
Ireland
,
in
the
last
of
which
he
arrived
in
Person
the
March
following
.
But
his
light
in
Scotland
did
not
long
burn
,
for
the
Convention
there
as
well
as
in
England
,
rejected
him
as
the
Violator
of
all
their
Rights
;
and
Dundee
falling
by
the
Sword
the
July
following
1689
,
together
with
the
Surrender
of
Edenburg
Castle
,
and
other
misfortunes
quite
extinguished
his
hopes
there
.
But
in
Ireland
he
had
a
name
to
live
as
King
,
till
about
a
year
after
,
when
his
Army
being
totally
routed
at
the
Boyn
by
our
brave
King
William
,
he
made
as
much
haste
to
get
over
into
France
,
as
if
he
had
been
to
go
to
take
possession
of
a
Crown
,
instead
of
running
away
from
one
.
Various
Struggles
he
made
still
to
recover
a
Regal
Life
,
but
he
prosecuted
his
ends
by
such
Villanous
Methods
and
Instruments
,
and
more
especially
by
setting
his
Vile
Assassins
on
Work
to
Murder
the
best
of
Kings
,
and
bravest
of
Men
,
our
Lawful
and
Rightful
Sovereign
King
William
III.
as
are
not
to
be
mention'd
but
with
utmost
Horror
;
But
through
the
goodness
of
Heaven
,
they
have
met
with
as
little
success
as
the
Practices
have
been
foul
and
Clandestine
;
and
so
we
leave
him
to
him
that
made
him
,
and
withall
wish
him
a
far
greater
proportion
of
rest
and
happy
Tranquillity
in
the
future
World
,
then
he
hath
found
of
unrest
and
disquietude
here
;
and
a
much
speedier
translation
into
that
state
,
then
the
hast
himself
hath
made
to
precipitate
his
own
Abdicated
fate
.
The
Abdicated
Throne
was
filled
up
by
the
Advancement
of
a
Prince
and
Princess
to
it
,
began
their
Reigns
Febr.
13.
1688
/
9.
that
England
was
n'er
blest
with
the
like
before
;
one
in
Religion
,
and
one
in
Interest
and
Affection
with
the
Nation
;
our
King
Hero-like
Fighting
our
Battels
abroad
,
(
and
pray
think
it
not
a
small
thing
,
for
England
has
not
enjoy'd
such
a
Blessing
these
Hundred
and
fifty
years
;
and
it
has
scarce
ever
been
well
with
us
,
when
our
Kings
did
not
go
in
and
out
before
our
People
)
and
our
Queen
,
as
wisely
and
gently
Swaying
the
Scepter
at
Home
,
to
the
Gladning
of
all
our
Hearts
;
and
in
all
Her
excellent
Comportment
,
choosing
to
Rule
in
the
Love
and
Affections
,
rather
than
the
Fears
of
Her
People
.
Here
we
promis'd
our selves
a
lasting
Tranquility
,
and
many
happy
days
to
come
,
under
the
benign
influence
of
her
Reign
;
but
Alass
,
alass
!
our
hopes
quickly
vanished
,
our
Joys
faded
,
our
Hearts
failed
us
for
fear
,
and
sable
clouds
of
Despair
overshaddowed
our
whole
Isle
,
by
Her
unexpected
,
by
Her
early
,
I
say
,
by
Her
early
,
tho'
natural
Transition
from
a
Corruptible
to
an
Incorruptible
Diadem
:
Her
gain
it
was
,
but
our
loss
;
She
tho'
young
,
yet
ripe
for
ineffable
Joys
above
;
And
we
,
tho'
long
inur'd
to
Tryal
,
unripe
for
to
sustain
the
loss
of
Her
here
below
;
And
surely
no
Prince
ever
departed
this
Transitory
Life
,
that
was
so
unfeignedly
lamented
by
his
Subjects
,
as
this
incomparable
Queen
;
as
was
apparent
by
our
universal
mournful
weeds
without
,
a
demonstration
of
the
blackning
sadness
of
our
hearts
within
.
The
last
she
was
,
and
incomparably
the
best
,
of
the
Stuarts
that
wore
a
Crown
,
and
the
Second
of
that
number
that
went
to
Her
Grave
in
Peace
;
as
Robert
II.
who
was
the
first
of
the
Stuarts
that
ever
was
King
,
was
the
only
other
of
the
Kingly
Race
that
did
so
:
I
know
Mr.
Coke
says
in
his
Character
of
King
Charles
II.
That
none
of
His
Name
hereafter
was
ever
like
to
have
a
Stone
to
cover
his
Grave
as
King
of
England
;
but
that
I
will
not
say
,
as
not
pretending
to
know
what
is
laid
up
in
the
Womb
of
Futurity
.
But
if
you
please
,
after
all
this
Mournful
Entertainment
,
I
'll
tell
you
a
Story
;
The
Lyon
,
on
a
time
,
called
to
the
Sheep
,
and
asked
her
,
If
his
Breath
smelt
?
she
innocently
said
,
Ay
;
which
made
him
bite
off
her
head
for
a
Fool
:
then
he
called
to
the
Wolf
,
and
asked
him
,
who
reply'd
,
No
:
and
his
head
he
bit
off
for
a
Flatterer
;
last
of
all
he
put
the
same
Question
to
the
Fox
;
but
the
Fox
truly
for
his
part
desired
to
be
excused
;
for
he
had
a
Cold
upon
him
,
and
could
not
Smell
.
FINIS
.