THE VOYAGE OF ITALY , OR A Compleat Journey through ITALY . In Two Parts . With the Characters of the People , and the Description of the Chief Towns , Churches , Monasteries , Tombs , Libraries , Pallaces , Villas , Gardens , Pictures , Statues , and Antiquities . AS Also of the Interest , Government , Riches , Force , &c. of all the Princes . With Instructions concerning Travel .

By Richard Lassels , Gent. who Travelled through Italy Five times as Tutor to several of the English Nobility and Gentry .

Never before Extant .

Newly Printed at Paris , and are to be sold in London , by John Starkey at the Mitre in Fleet-street near Temple-Barr , 1670.

WHEN I first set pen to Paper to handle this subject , I had not the least thought of the presse ; nor of erecting my selfe into an Author . J onely discharged my memory hastily of some things which J had seen , in Italy ; and wrapt vp that vntimely Embrio in fiue sheets of paper , for the vse of a noble person , who set me that taske . Yet this Embrio likeing the person for whom it was conceiued , obliged me to lick it ouer and ouer againe , and bring it into better forme . Second thoughts , and succeding voyages into Italy , haue finished it at last ; and haue made it what it is ; A compleat Voyage , and an exact Itinerary through Italy .

And here I thought to haue drawne bridle and rested , after so long a iourney ; when a learned friend hauing perused this my Description of Italy , desired much to see a Preface to it , of my fashion , and Cōcerning Traueling . I could refuse nothing to such a freind ; and haue done it here willingly , both for my owne , and my countryes sake .

For my owne sake ; to preexcuse some things in my booke , which some perchance may dislike .

For some , I feare , will quarrel with my English ; and justly , seeing three long voyages into Flanders , six into France , fiue into Italy , one into Germany , and Holland , haue made mee , liue half of my life time in forrain countryes , to the disturbance of my owne language . Yet if J bring not home fine language , J bring home fine things : and I haue seen great Ladyes , both in France , and England , buy finde things of chimney-sweepers , and Pedlars , that spoke but course Lombard language , and grosse Scotch .

Others perchance will finde fault , that J write merrily sometimes : And why not ? Seeing I write to young men , and for them : and mirth is neuer so lawfull as in traueling , where it shortens long miles , and sweetens bad vsage ; that is , makes a bad dinnar go downe , and a bad horse go on .

Others will say , that I fill my booke with too much Latin : But these must be minded , that I am writing of the Latin country ; and that I am caruing for Schollers , who can disgest solid bitts , hauing good stomacks .

Others will say , J ieere now and then : And would any man haue me go through so many diuers countries , and prayse all I see ? Or in earnest , do not some things deserue to be ieered ? when things cannot be cured but by ieering , ieering , sayth Tertullian , is a duty : and I thinke the Cynick Philosophers struck as great a blow at vice , as the Stoicks .

Others will say , I change stile often , and sometimes ru●n smoothly , sometimes joltingly : Tru●●raueled not allwayes vpon smooth ground , and paceing horses : Swisserlande and Sauoye , are much different , from Campania , and Lombardy ; and its one thing to describe a Pleasant garden , an other thing to describe a Venerable Cathedrall : and if in the one , and the other , we haue seueral lookes ; much more ought we to haue seueral words in describing them .

Others will say , I affect a world of exotick words not yet naturalized in England : No , I affect them not ; I cannot auoyd them : For who can speak of Statues , but he must speak of Niches ? or of Churches , Wrought Tombes , or inlayd Tables ; but hee must speak of Coupolas ; of bassi rilieui ; and of pietre commesse ? If any man vnderstand them not , it s his fault , not mine .

Others will say , I hunt too much after Ceremonies , and Church antiquityes . No , I onely meet them . And as a man cannot speak of Hercules , but he must speak of clubbs , of combats , of Labours , and victories : so I cannot speak of Rome the Christian , but I must speake of Relicks , Ceremonies , and Religion . Yet I beleeue , I giue my Reader a full drought to● of prophane antiquityes , Mascarades , Shews , dressings , and passetimes .

Others in fine will say , that I do but a thing done allready ; seeing two others haue written of this subiect in English . Well ; if others haue written vpon this subiect , why may not I ? They did the best they could , I beleeue ; but they drew not vp the ladder after them . The one writes much of Italy , M. Warcupp . M. Raymond . and says little : the other writes little and leaueth out much ; which I impute to the ones writing out of old Geographers , long after he had been there : and to the others short stay in Italy , when he was there . And if these ingenious gentlemen haue painted out Italy in busto onely , and profile ; why may not I paint her out at full face , and at her full length ? If they , like ancient Statuaryes , haue represented Italy vnto vs like a naked statue ; I haue set her out in all her best Attire , and Iewels . And thus much for my owne sake .

For my countryes sake ; To read to my countrymen two profitable Lessons . The first , of the Profit of traueling . The second : of Traueling with profit .

1. For the first , to wit the Profit of Traueling , its certain , that if this world be a great booke , The profit of traueling . as S. Augustin calls it , none studdy this great Booke so much as the Traueler . They that neuer stirr from home , read onely one page of this booke ; and like the dull follow in Pliny , who could neuer learne to count further then fiue , they dwell allwayes vpon one lesson . They are like an acquaintance of mine , who had alwayes a booke indeed lyeing open upon a deske ; but it was obserued that it lay allwayes open at one and the same place , and by long custome , could lye open no where else . He then that will know much out of this great booke , the world , must read much in it : and as Vlysses is setforth by Homer as the wisest of all the Grecians , because he had traueled much , and had seen multorum hominum mores & Vrbes , the Cittyes and customes of many men : so his sonn Telemachus is held for a very shallow witted man : and Homer giues the reason , because his mother Penelope , instead of sending him abroad to see forrain countryes , had allwayes kept him at home , and so made him a meere Onocephalus , and a homeling Mammacuth . So true is the saying of Seneca , that Imperitum est animal homo , & sine magna experientia rerum , si circumscribatur Natalis soli sui fine .

2 Traueling preserues my yong nobleman from surfeiting of his parents , and weanes him from the dangerous fondness of his mother . It teacheth him wholesome hardship ; to lye in beds that are none of his acquaintance ; to speak to men he neuer saw before ; to trauel in the morning before day , and in the euening after day ; to endure any horse and weather , as well as any meat and drink . Whereas my country gentleman that neuer traueled , can scarce go to London without makeing his Will , at least without wetting his handkercher . And what generous mother will not say to her sonn with that ancient ? Malo tibi malè esse , Senec. quàm molliter : I had rather thou shouldst be sick , then soft . Indeed the coral-tree is neither hard , nor red , till taken out of the Sea , its natiue home . And I haue read that many of the old Romans put out their children to be nurced abroad by Lacedemonian nurces , till they were three yeares old ; then they put them to their Vncles , till seauen , or tenn ; then they sent them into Toscany to be instructed in Religion ; and at last into Greece to studdy Philosophy .

3. Traueling takes my yong nobleman four notches lower , in his self-conceit and pride . For wheras the country Lord that neuer saw any body but his Fathers tennants , and M. Parson , and neuer read any thing but Iohn Stow , and Speed ; thinks the Lands-end to be the Worlds-end ; and that all solid greatness , next vnto a great Pasty , consists in a great Fire , and a great estate . Wheras my traueling yong Lord , who hath seen so many greater men , and Estats then his owne , comes home farre more modest and ciuil to his inferiours , and farre lesse pufft vp with the empty conceit of his owne greatness . Indeed nothing cured Alcibiades his pride so much , as to see in a Map ( shewd him for the nonce by Socrates ) that his house and lands , of which he was so prowd , either appeared there not at all , or onely a little spot , Senec : or dab : and nemo in pusillo magnus .

4. Traueling takes off , in some sort , that aboriginal curse , which was layd vpon mankind euen allmost at the beginning of the world ; I meane , the confusion of tongues : which is such a curse indeed , that it makes men , who are of one kind , and made to be sociable , so strangely to fly one an other , that , as great S. Austin sayth , A man had rather be with his dog , then with a man whose language he vnderstands not . Nay , this diuersity of language , makes the wisest man passe for a foole in a strange country , and the best man , for an excommunicated person , whose conuersation all men auoyd . Now , traueling takes off this curse , and this moral excommunication , by making vs learne many languages , and conuerse freely with people of other countryes .

5. Traueling makes vs acquainted with a world of our kinred we neuer saw before . For seing we are all comne from one man at first , and consequently all akinn to one another ; it s but a reasonable thing , that a man should , once at least in his life time , make a journey into forrain countries , to see his Relations , and visit this kinred : haueing allwayes this saying of young Joseph in his mouth ; quaero fratres meos

6. Traueling enables a man much for his countryes seruice . It makes the merchant rich , by shewing him what abounds , & wantes , in other countryes ; that so he may know what to import , what to export . It makes the mechanick come loaden home with a world of experimental knowledge for the improueing of his trade . It makes the feild officer , a knowing Leader of an army , by teaching him where an army in forrain countryes , can march securely , passe riuers easily , incamp safely , auoid ambuscades and narrow passages discretly , and retreat orderly . It makes the Common soldier play the spy wel , by making him speak the ennemyes language perfectly , that so mingling with them , he may find their designes , and crosse their plottes . In fine , it makes a nobleman fitt for the noblest employment , that is , to bee Ambassador abroad for his king in forrain countryes , and carry about with him his kings person , which he represents , and his kings word , which he engageth .

7. Traueling brings a man a world of particular profits . It contents the minde with the rare discourses we heare from learned men , as the Queen of Saba was rauished at the wisdome of Salomon . It makes a wiseman much the wiser by making him see the good and the bad in others . Hence the wiseman sayth : Sapiens in terram alienigenarum gentium pertransiet : bona enim & mala in hominibus tentabit . It makes a man think himself at home euery where , and smile ●t vniust exile : It makes him wellcome home a gaine to his Neighbours , sought af●er by his betters , and listened vnto with admiration by his inferiours . It makes him sit still in his old age with satisfaction ; and trauel ouer the world againe in his chair and bed , by discourse and thoughts . In fine its an excellent Commentary vpon historyes ; and no man vnderstands Liuy and Caesar , Guicciardin and Monluc , like him , who hath made exactly ●he Grand Tour of France , and the Giro of Italy .

8. Trauelling makes my young Nobleman returne home againe to his country like a blessing Sunn , For as the Sunn , who hath been traueling about the world these fiue thousand and odd yeares , not onely enlightens those places whi●h hee visits ; but also enrich●th them with all sorts of fruits , and mettales : so the nobleman by long traueling , hauing enlightened his vnderstanding with fine notions , comes home like a glorious Sunn ; and doth not onely shine birght in the firmament of his country , the Parlament house ; but also blesseth his inferiours with the powerfull influences of his knowing spirit .

9. In fine , Examples ( the best Philosophy ) shew vs , that the greatest Princes Europe hath seen , these many years , to wit , Charles the V. and the King of Sueden , Gustauus Adolphus , Strada de Bello Belg. where both of them great trauelers ; the first had been twice in England , as often in Africk , four times in France , six times is Spayne , seuen in Italy , and nine in Germany : The second had traueld incognito ( as M. Wats writes of him ) into Holland , France , Italy , and Germany in his youth : which made him say afterwards to the French Ambassador Mareshal Brezé , in a kind of threatening way , that he knew the way to Paris , as wel as to Stockholme . Adde to this , that the wisest and greatest among the ancien● Philosophers , Plato , Pythagoras Anaxagoras , Anacharsis , Apollonius , Architas , and Pi●tacus , ( which last left his supreame Command of Mytelen to trauel ) were all great trauelers ; and that S. Hierome ( who being no Bishop , and consequently not obliged to residence ) hauing traueled into France , Italy , Greece , and the Holy Land , purchased to himself such rare acquisitions of learning , by his trauels and languages , that among all the ancient Fathers and Doctors , The Church , in her Collect on his day , calls him onel● , Doctorem maximum , the greatest Doctor . And so much for the profit of Traueling .

Now for as much as concernes the second Lesson , to wit , The Traueling with profit ▪ the Traueling with profit , diuers things are to be taken notice of ; some by the Parents of those that trauel ; others by those themselues that trauel : of all which I will speak breefly .

As for the Parents , their greatest care ought to be of prouideing there children ( I speak to men of high condition ) a good Gouernour , to trauel with them , and haue a care of their Persons , and breeding : that is , play the part of the Archangel Raphaël to yong Tobie , and Lead them safe abroad , and bring them safe home : Ego sanum ducam & reducam filium tuum . Tob. 5. v. 20. And here I could ▪ wish indeed that Parents could be as happy in their choyce , and finde men Angels for Gouernours to their children , vpon condition they should requite them , as yong Tobie offered to requite the Archangel his Gouernour , whom he tooke to be a man . For the education of children is a thing of that high concerne to the Commonwealth , that in this , Parents should spair no coste whatsoeuer ; but rather imitate the old Lacedemonians , who tooke more care of their youth , then of any thing els in their Commonweath . In so much that when Antigonus a●d of them fifty yong youths for hostages , they answered him , that they had rather giue him twice as many made men . Seing then yong youths are the future hopes of families , and Commonwealths , their education ought not to be committed but to men of great parts and excellent breeding . For I haue allwayes thought , that a yong Noblemans train ought to be like his Clothes ; His Lacquais and footmen are like his Galoshes , which he leaues at the dores of those he visits : His Valets de Chambre , are like his night gowne , which he neuer vseth but in his chamber ; and leaues them there when he goes in visits : His gentlemen attendants , are like his seueral rich sutes , which he wears not all at once , but now one , now an other , and sometimes none at all of them : His groome is like his rideing cloake , and neuer appears neare him but vpon the road : But his Gouernour ▪ is like his shirt , which is allwayes next vnto his skinn and person ; and therefore as yong Noblemen are curious to haue their shirts of the finest linnen : so should they haue their Gouernours of the finest thread , and the best spunn men that can be found . Hence the ancients as they were carefull in honouring the memory of those that had binn Gouernours to great Heroes , as of Chyron , Gouernour of Hercules , Iason , Paris , Achilles , and other braue heroes ; Miscus Gouernour of Vlysses ; Eudorus of Patroclus ; Dares of Hector ; Epitides of Iulus , Connidas of Theseus ; all of them choyce men : So they were in chooseing the rarest men for that great employment , to be their childrens Gouernours ; that is in their language , Custodes & comites iuuentutis Principum & magnatum . For not euery honest and vertuous man ( as some Parents think ) is fit for this employment ▪ Those parts indeed would do well in a Stuard and a Soliciter ; but many things els , besides these , must concurre to make vp a good Gouernour . I would haue him then to be not onely a Vertuous man , but a Virtuoso too : not onely an honest man , The Character of a good Gouernour . but a man of honour too : not onely a gentleman borne , but a gentile man allso by breeding : a man not onely comely of person by nature ; but gracefull allso by art in his garbes and behauiour : a good scholler , but no meere scholler : a man that hath traueled much in forrain countryes ; but yet no fickleheaded man : a man of a stout spirit , but yet of a discreet tongue , and who knowes rather to waue quarrels prudently , then to maintain them stoutly : a man cheerfull in conuersation , yet fearfull to offend others : a man of that prudence , as to teach his pupil rather to be wise , then witty ; and of that example of life , that his deeds may make his pupil beleeue his words : in fine , I would haue him to be an Englishman , no stranger . I speak not this out of an enuy to strangers , but out of a loue to my owne countrymen . For J haue knowne diuers English gentlemen much wrongd abroad by their Gouernours that were Strangers . Some I haue knowne that led their pupils to Geneua , where they got some French language , but lost all their true English allegiance and respect to Monarchy ; others I haue knowne who , being marryed and haueing their setlements and interest lyeing at Saumur , kept yong gentlemen there all the time they were abroad ; and made their parents in England beleeue , that all good breeding was in that poore towne , where their wifes were breeding children . Others I haue knowne who hauing their mistresses in the country , perswaded their yong pupils , men of great birth , that it was fine liuing in a country house , that is , fine carrying a gunn vpon their necks , and walking a foot . Others haue been obserued to sell their pupils to Masters of exercises , and to haue made them beleeue , that the worst Academyes were the best , because they were the best to the cunning Gouernour , who had tenn pound a man for euery one he could draw thither . Others I haue knowne who would haue marryed their pupils in France , without their Parents knowledge ; and haue sacrificed their great trust , to their sordid auarice . Others J haue knowne who haue locked their pupils in a chamber with a wanton woman , and taken the Key away with them . Nay , this I can say more , that of all those strangers that I haue knowne Gouernours to yong Nobleman of England ( and I haue knowne seuen or eight . ) I neuer Knew one of them to be a gentleman borne ; but for the most part , they were needy bold men , whose cheif parts were , their owne language and some Latin ; and whose cheif ayme was , to serue themselues , not their pupils .

But to returne againe to our subject , the Parent hauing found out such a Gouernour for his sonn , as we haue described here aboue , he must resigne ouer vnto him his full Authority , and command his sonn to obey him : otherwise let the Gouernour be the wisest , and the most compleat man in the world , if his pupil do not obey him , and follow his counsel , all will go wrong . I haue seen great disorders befall for want of this . Hence I haue often thought of great Clemens Alexandrinus , who sayth wisely , that our Sauiour Christ is the onely true Pedagogue , or Gouernour , because he can not onely giue the best instructions to yong men , but also can giue them grace to execute those instructions : whereas other Gouernours ( Cassandra like ) telling their pupils many excellent truths , are not beleeued by them ; nor can they force their inclinations to execute them , except the Parents commands come in to their assistance : and it is but reasonable , that as Gouernours are the Seconds of Parents , in the breeding of their children , so Parents should second Gouernours too , in makeing their children obey them . And so much for the Parents care .

For the son̄s care , it must bee this . First to take a view of England before he enter into forrain countryes . This will enure him to trauel , to see company , to obserue townes and rarityes , and sharpen his appetite for forrain curiosi●yes . I would wish him withall in traueling ouer England , to fall in , as often as he can , with the Iudges in their circuits , not onely to see how his country is gouerned in point of judicature , but allso to see the gentry of seueral countryes , who flock to great townes in the assise week . It would be allso profitable to him , to cast to be at all the cheif Horsraces , where he will easily see allso the gentry of the seuerall counties in a compendious view . Haueing thus seen his owne country in a summers space , and haueing got his Majesties licence to trauel beyond the seas ( in which Licence I could wish this clause were inserted , That all yong gentlemen should at their returne , present themselues to his Majesty , to giue him an account of their trauels and obseruations ) I would haue him depart England about the beginning of October .

2. At his going out of England , let him take his ayme right ; that is , let him ayme altogether at his profit , and not at his pleasures onely . J haue knowne many Englishmen who for want of right ayming , haue missed the white of breeding , whole heauens breadth . For some in traueling , ayme at nothing but to get loose , from their Parents , or schoolmasters , and to haue the fingering of a pretty allowance ; and these men when they come into France , care for seeing no court , but the Tenniscourt ; delight in seing no Balls but Tennisballs ; and forsake any company , to tosse whole dayes together with a tattered Marker in the Tripot .

Others desire to go into Italy , onely because they heare there are fine Curtisanes in Venice ; and as the Queen of the Amazons , in Iustin , went thirteen dayes journey out of her country , onely to haue a nights lodgeing with Alexander the Great , so these men trauel a whole month together , to Venice , for a nights lodgeing with an impudent woman . And thus by a false ayming at breeding abroad , they returne with those diseases which hinder them from breeding at home .

Others trauel abroad , as our ship-boyes do into the Indies : for whiles these boyes might bring home Iewels , Pearles , ad many other things of valew , they bring home nothing but firecanes , parots , and Monkies ; so our yong trauelers , whiles they might bring home many rich obseruations , for the gouerning themselues , and others , bring home nothing but Fire-canes , that is , a hotspur humor , that takes fire at euery word , and talkes of nothing but duels , seconds , and esclaireissements : or else parots , that is , come loaden home with rubans and feathers of all colours like parots , and with a few borowed compliments in their mouths , which make them talke like parots : or els Monkies , that is , some affected cringes , shrugs , and such like Apish behauiour .

3. At his embarking let him haue a special care not to carry Himself abroad with Himself in traueling . Many men , sayth Seneca , returne home no better then they went out , because they take themselues along with themselues in traueling : and as a man in a feauer , findes himself no better then he was , by changeing his bed ; because he carryes his feauour with him wheresoeuer he lyes : so many yong men returne home tyred , and dirted , but not better and wiser ; because they caryed abroad their bad customes and manners with them . I would then that my yong traueler should leaue behinde him all willfulness , and stubborness ; all tenderness , and seeking his ease too much ; all effeminatnesse and delicateness ; all boyish tricks with hands or mouth , and mocking of others ; all delighting in being the best man in the company ; all familiarity with seruants , and meane men ; all Tauernes , and intemperancy of eating and drinking ; hauing that saying of Seneca often in his mouth , and minde ; Major sum & ad majora natus , quàm vt mancipium sim corporis mei : I am too great a man , and borne to too great things , for to become the slaue of my body . In fine I would haue him imitate that yong gentleman of whom S. Ambrose speaks ; who returning home from forrain trauels , and meeting with his old mistresse , a wanton woman , seemed not to know her ; whereat she wondering , told him that ●he was such an one : it may be so , sayd he , but I am no more I. A rare Apothegme , which I would wish my yong Traueler to take for his motto , as well as this yong man for his exemple .

4. Being thus got out of England , it s a great question into what country he should first go , to make his aboad . The common course is , to go first into France , and then into Italy , and so home by Germany , Holand , and Flanders , as J did once : but my opinion is , that its better for a yong man to go first into Italy , and returning by Germany , Holland and Flanders , come into France , to giue himself there the last hand in breeding . And my reason is this ; For seing the intention of traueling , is to make a man a wise man , not a finical man , it s better to season his minde betimes with a stayd wise breeding , then to fill it vp to the brime at first , with a phantastical giddy breeding , which hauing once gotten possession of the minde , bolts the doore on the inside , locks out all staydness , and makes my yong man delight in nothing but vanity , clothes , danceing , liueryes , bals , and such meere outsides . I would therefore haue my yong noblemans Gouernour to carry him immediatly into Italy at fifteen or sixteen , and there season his minde with the grauity , and wise maximes of that Nation , which hath ciuilized the whole world , and taught Man Manhood . Hauing spent two , or three yeares in Italy in learning the language , viewing the seueral courts , studdying their maximes , imitating their gentile conuersation , and following the sweet exercises of musick , painting , architecture , and mathematicks , he will at his returne , know what true vse to make of France . And hauing spent three yeares more there , in learning to fence , dance , ride , vault , handle his pike , musket , coulors &c. The Map , history , and bookes of Policy ; he will be ready to come home at twenty , or one and twenty , a man most compleat both in body , and mind ; and fit to fill the place of his calling .

5. I say , make true vs of France : For I would not haue my yong traueler imitate all things he sees done in France , or other forrain countryes . What to be learnt in France , and what not . I would haue him learne of the French a hansome confidence ; but not an ●mpudent boldness . He must learne of them to come into à Roome with a ●onne mine ; but not to rush into a mans chamber , as they do , without so much as knocking at the doore . He must learne of them to dance well , to get a good grace in walkeing , and saluting , as they do : but he must not dance as he walkes , as many of them do . He must learne of the French , to become any clothes well ; but he must not follow them in all their Phantastical and fanfaron clothings . He must learne to fence well , as they do ; but I would haue his sword stick faster in the scabbard then theirs do . In fine , I would haue him open , ayry , and gallant , as they are : but not affecting to be the Gallands of all Ladyes , as they do .

What in Italy , and what not . So in Italy , J would haue him learne to make a fine house ; but J would not haue him learne of the Italians to keep a good house . He may learne of them to be sober , and wise : but I would not haue him learne of them be gealous and distrustfull . I would haue him learne of the Italians , to receiue those that visite him , with great ciuility and respect ; but I would not haue him stand vpon all their little formes and incommodious puntiglios . I would haue him to be free of his Hat , as they are : but I would haue the heart to go to the Hat , as well as the hand .

Jn Germany I would haue him learne to offer a man a cup of wine at his comeing in ; What in Germany , and wha● not . but I would not haue him presse so much wine vpon him , as he shall not be able ●o go out againe , as they often do . I would haue him learne of them to go freely to warre for the defence of his country : but I would not haue him learne the custome of those vendible souls there , who carry their lifes to market , and serue any Prince for money . I like well their shakeing hands with you , when you first enter into their houses ; but I like not their quarreling with you for not pledgeing a health of a yard long , which would ruine yours . I like very much their singular modesty and chastity , which allowes not bastards to be freemen of the most ordinary trads : but I like not their endlesse drinking in feasts , which is able to make them freemen of all vices .

In Holland allso I would haue him learne to keep his house and harth neat , What in Holland , and what not . but I would no● haue him adore his house , and stand in such awe of his harth , as not to dare to make a fire in it , as they do . I would haue him learne of them , a spare dyet ; but I would not haue him drink so much , as would keep him both in good dyet and clothes , as they do . I would haue him learne of them their great industry , and oeconomy : but not their rude exacting vpon Noblemen strangers in their Inns , for their Quality sake onely , as they do . I would haue him learne of them a singular loue to his country : but he must take heed of their clownish hatred of Nobility . Thus in all countryes I would haue my yong Traueler do , as men do at a great feast , where ther is no feare of staruing ; that is , not eate greedily of all that s before him , but fall to the best meats , and leaue the worst for the waiters .

6. That he may follow the foresayd rule the better , and pick out of euery country what s the best in it , let his Gouernour lead him betimes into the best company ; for there the best lessons are to be learned . Now by the word best , I do not meane the greatest men in birth , but in parts . For the world is not so happy , as that the greatest men are allwayes the best : but by the word best , I meane those that a●e the wisest , the best bred , the best principled , the best behaued , and the most cryed vp by ciuil persons : for of such men much is to be learned : Their life is a perpetual lecture ; their words so many oracles ; their discourses so many wise maxims : and though yong men be not able to bring their dish with them , and clubb wit equally with these men , yet it s a great matter to sit still in their company , and be a respectfull catechumen to them . For if it be true which Quintillian sayth of those that loue Cicero , Ciceronem amasse , profecisse est , it s allso most certain , that a man that loues good company , must be good himself in time .

7. And that he may be able to appeare in good company without blushing , his Gouernour must get him , as soone as he can , to speak the language of the place in hansome tearmes , and with a good accent . Next he must haue a care that he be well adjusted and set out in apparel . For if anciently Iewels were called the Vshers of Ladyes , because all doores flew open to them that presented themselues so richly adorned : so now a dayes good clothes may be called mens vshers , seeing they make way for them into all companyes . He must haue a care that he know his Congies perfectly , and haue a free garbe or carriage ; a Cauallier way of entering into a Roome ; a gratefull manegeing of his mouth and smiles ; a chyronomie , or decent acting with his handes , which may humour his words grauely and freely , yet not affectedly or mimically : in fine , a liberty or freedome in all his actions , which The French call liberté du corps ; and it must appeare to be à la negligence , and yet must be perfectly studdyed a fore hand . And though these things be but the Elements and Alphabet of breeding , yet without them he can neuer spel gentleman rightly , though his inside be neuer so good . Indeed its long ago , that great men dwell no more in thatched houses .