THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
REIGN
OF
LEWIS
the
GREAT
,
TILL
THE
General
Peace
,
Concluded
at
RESWICK
,
In
the
YEAR
,
1697.
By
Mr.
LE
GENDRE
.
Made
English
from
the
third
Edition
of
the
French
.
LONDON
:
Printed
for
D.
Brown
,
at
the
Black
Swan
without
Temple-Bar
;
Th.
Leigh
and
D.
Midwinter
,
at
the
Rose
and
Crown
,
and
Robert
Knaplock
at
the
Angel
and
Crown
,
both
in
St.
Paul's
Church-Yard
.
MDCXCIX
.
THE
PREFACE
.
TWO
Great
Men
being
at
this
time
Employ'd
in
Writing
the
History
of
our
King
;
't
is
for
their
most
Excellent
Pieces
the
Publick
ought
to
reserve
their
Admiration
,
mine
being
,
in
comparison
of
theirs
,
but
an
Essay
.
It
is
from
their
most
Skilful
Pen
,
the
Curious
must
expect
to
be
enlightned
in
Matters
of
the
greatest
Moment
,
I
being
ready
to
submit
the
whole
to
their
Judgment
.
It
is
to
them
I
appeal
,
as
to
the
true
Judges
of
History
;
and
what
Difficulties
are
to
be
surmounted
,
to
merit
the
Name
of
a
good
Historian
.
His
Stile
ought
to
be
lively
and
natural
,
and
to
have
an
equal
mixture
of
Sweetness
and
Purity
;
He
ought
to
have
an
equal
Share
of
Wit
and
Judgment
,
to
represent
Matters
with
the
utmost
Fidelity
,
and
an
undaunted
Courage
,
to
unmask
Vice
,
and
give
due
Praise
to
vertuous
Actions
.
These
great
Talents
requisite
in
an
Historian
,
made
me
tremble
at
the
very
Thougts
of
this
Undertaking
,
till
a
certain
Friend
of
mine
,
a
Person
of
extraordinary
Merits
and
Parts
,
did
in
some
measure
recover
me
from
the
Fear
that
seised
me
,
representing
to
me
,
that
such
a
Combination
of
Perfections
must
be
considered
and
numbred
among
those
imaginary
Accomplishments
,
which
are
made
use
of
in
Sciences
,
to
encourage
us
to
such
great
Undertakings
,
as
are
sought
after
by
many
,
but
attained
to
by
few
.
But
if
it
be
so
great
a
Task
to
write
a
general
History
,
how
much
more
difficult
is
it
to
write
the
History
of
our
Time
,
to
give
it
a
true
Relish
,
that
agreeable
Variety
,
and
other
Embellishments
,
by
which
the
antient
Historians
have
rendred
their
Names
so
Famous
to
Posterity
.
They
had
frequent
Opportunities
to
give
most
ample
Demonstrations
of
their
Eloquence
,
in
these
magnificent
Harangues
,
which
are
to
be
met
with
in
their
Works
,
under
the
Names
of
their
Great
Captains
,
who
before
they
Engaged
in
Battle
,
used
to
Animate
their
Troops
,
by
representing
to
them
the
Justice
of
their
Cause
,
and
to
Encourage
them
with
certain
hopes
of
Victory
.
Our
Princes
and
Generals
have
laid
aside
this
Way
of
Addressing
themselves
to
their
Soldiers
,
which
takes
away
from
our
Modern
Historians
the
Advantage
of
Embellishing
their
Historical
Relations
with
these
agreeable
Diversions
and
Events
,
which
surprise
the
Reader
,
and
which
are
of
no
small
Moment
to
take
away
the
Tediousness
of
the
Relations
of
the
many
Sieges
and
Battles
,
which
happen
in
a
long
War
,
without
any
other
mixture
of
pleasing
Varieties
.
When
the
antient
Historians
represent
to
us
a
Great
Minister
of
State
in
the
Cabinet
of
his
Prince
;
or
an
Assembly
of
Wise
Senatours
deliberating
in
Council
concerning
some
Affairs
of
the
greatest
Moment
,
they
lay
hold
of
this
Opportunity
to
unfold
the
whole
Mystery
of
the
Matrer
,
and
to
lay
it
open
to
the
view
of
the
Reader
,
and
by
their
different
Advice
,
to
discover
all
the
Craft
and
Intrigues
of
the
most
refined
Politicians
.
These
pretended
Discoveries
have
a
secret
Charm
which
is
infinitely
pleasing
to
many
,
who
measure
the
Ability
of
an
Historian
by
his
Insight
into
Matters
of
State
,
and
by
his
diving
into
the
Events
of
Things
,
from
far
fetch'd
Causes
.
A
Prejudice
common
to
the
greatest
Part
of
Mankind
,
who
imagine
that
Princes
never
act
according
to
their
Inclinations
,
but
are
only
guided
by
some
more
secret
Motives
;
just
as
if
Great
Men
by
being
placed
in
a
high
Station
,
were
divested
of
these
Passions
incident
to
the
rest
of
Mankind
.
But
howsoever
it
be
,
it
is
unquestionable
,
that
he
who
intends
to
give
us
a
History
of
our
Time
,
cannot
in
any
wise
pretend
to
give
entire
Satisfaction
to
these
conceited
Politicians
.
For
how
is
it
possible
to
imagine
,
that
a
private
Person
should
be
able
to
discover
the
Secrets
of
the
Cabinets
of
Princes
,
which
Time
only
can
bring
to
light
?
And
supposing
some
of
them
were
by
chance
come
to
his
Knowledge
,
with
what
face
could
he
publish
them
to
the
World
?
From
whence
it
is
evident
,
that
all
what
is
to
be
expected
from
an
Historian
,
who
writes
the
History
of
our
Time
,
is
to
give
us
as
faithful
Relation
as
possible
can
be
,
of
the
Events
of
Things
,
and
to
represent
them
to
the
Reader
in
their
due
order
and
places
,
and
to
insert
their
Causes
as
far
as
they
came
to
his
Knowledge
.
This
is
the
whole
Design
of
this
Treatise
,
to
wit
,
to
represent
to
the
Reader
a
true
Idea
of
the
Reign
of
our
King
,
which
may
serve
them
as
a
Guide
to
their
own
Judgment
,
what
Rank
this
Great
Monarch
deserves
to
be
placed
in
among
those
Great
Men
,
whom
God
has
raised
up
from
time
to
time
,
for
the
Felicity
of
the
People
,
and
the
Glory
of
the
Common-wealth
.
For
these
thirty
Years
last
past
,
our
King
has
been
the
Admiration
of
all
Europe
,
even
his
Enemies
not
refusing
to
pay
due
Praises
to
His
Great
Actions
;
and
these
Powerful
and
unsuccessful
Leagues
against
France
,
are
the
most
Glorious
and
undeniable
Instances
not
only
of
his
Strength
,
but
also
of
his
Merits
and
Great
Qualifications
.
THE
CONTENS
.
A.
-
ABbeville
a
Physician
of
this
City
Cures
the
King
.
Pag.
14
-
Academies
of
Sciencies
,
of
Painting
,
Sculptures
,
Architecture
and
Musick
,
Establish'd
by
the
King
.
p.
53
-
Agousta
taken
.
p.
137.
Near
the
Port
of
this
Place
,
Admiral
Ruiter
was
killed
in
a
Sea
Engagement
.
p.
137
-
Alexander
VII
.
Pope
of
Rome
,
-
his
Character
before
his
Exhaltation
.
p.
43
-
He
Sollicits
Spain
for
Succours
.
p.
42
-
He
orders
the
Subscription
of
the
Formular
,
against
the
five
Propositions
of
Jansenius
.
p.
75
-
Algier
Bombarded
three
several
times
;
demands
Peace
.
p.
172
-
Alliance
betwixt
England
,
Sweden
and
Holland
,
call'd
,
the
Tripple-Alliance
.
p.
67
-
Alost
opens
its
Gates
.
p.
65
-
Alsace
,
the
Viscount
Turenne
forces
the
Germans
to
a
retreat
from
thence
,
is
granted
to
the
King
.
p.
165
173
-
Ambassadours
,
and
other
foreign
Ministers
,
to
the
number
of
thirty
are
present
at
the
Solemn
Audience
,
given
by
the
King
to
the
Marquis
de
la
Fuente
.
p.
37
-
Ambassadours
of
Muscovy
and
Guinea
.
p.
79
-
Ambrun
surrendred
after
a
Siege
of
six
days
.
p.
242
-
Anjou
,
Philip
of
France
,
Duke
of
Anjou
.
p.
285
-
Appeal
to
the
next
General
Council
.
p.
202
-
Arnheim
surrendred
after
one
days
opening
of
the
Trenches
.
p.
92
-
Arts
,
the
King
encourages
all
manner
of
Arts
and
Sciences
.
p.
53
-
Asfeld
(
Baron
of
)
defends
Bonn
with
great
Bravery
.
p.
218
-
Aeth
taken
.
p.
65
p.
293
-
Avaux
,
Anthony
de
Mesme
,
Count
de
Avaux
,
French
Ambassadour
at
the
Treaty
of
Nimhegen
.
p.
166
-
Aubusson
(
George
d'
)
demands
and
obtains
Satisfaction
from
the
King
of
Spain
,
about
the
Enterprize
of
the
Baron
of
Batteville
.
p.
35
-
Aubusson
(
Francis
d'
)
Duke
of
Fevillade
,
Marshal
of
France
.
p.
162
-
Aumont
(
Anthony
d'
)
Marshal
of
France
,
takes
Courtray
,
Dixmuyden
,
Furnes
and
Armentiers
.
p.
65
-
Ausburgh
;
League
made
against
France
here
.
p.
193
-
Austria
(
Ann
of
)
Queen
of
France
,
the
King's
Mother
,
and
Queen
Regent
,
after
the
Death
of
Lewis
XIII
.
p.
2
-
Chuses
the
Cardinal
Mazarine
,
her
Chief
Minister
.
p.
3
-
She
is
very
desirous
to
marry
the
King
with
the
Infanta
of
Spain
.
p.
15
-
She
presses
the
Spaniards
to
give
Satisfaction
to
the
King
about
the
Just
Pretensions
of
the
Queen
.
p.
64
-
Her
Death
.
p.
ib.
-
Austria
(
Maria
Theresia
of
)
Queen
of
France
,
Spouse
to
LEWIS
the
Great
.
p.
20
-
Makes
her
publick
Entry
in
Paris
.
p.
21
-
Her
Just
Pretensions
upon
some
of
the
Provinces
of
the
Low
Countries
.
p.
61
-
Nullity
of
her
Resignation
to
the
Succession
of
Spain
.
p.
62
,
63
-
Her
Death
.
p.
170
B.
-
Baden
,
Prince
Lewis
of
Baden
,
Commands
upon
the
Rhine
.
Entrenches
himself
at
the
approach
of
the
Dauphin
.
p.
246
-
Had
obtained
two
great
Victories
against
the
Turks
.
p.
ibid.
-
Was
one
of
the
Candidates
for
the
Crown
of
Poland
.
p.
296
-
Barcelona
besieged
,
and
defended
with
the
utmost
Bravery
.
p.
305
-
Battles
of
Roeroy
,
Rotheleiler
,
Friburgh
,
Nortlingen
and
Lintz
.
p.
3
-
Of
St.
Anthony
.
p.
5
-
Of
St.
Godard
.
p.
57
-
Of
Senef
.
p.
117
-
Of
Sintzheim
.
p.
123
-
Of
Entsheim
.
p.
125
-
Of
Turkheim
.
p.
128
-
Of
Cassel
.
p.
146
-
Near
Epoville
.
p.
151
-
Of
Flerus
.
p.
219
-
Of
St.
Denis
.
p.
163
-
Near
the
Boyne
.
p.
224
-
Of
Steenkirk
.
p.
239
-
Of
Neerwinden
.
p.
248
-
Of
Marsaglia
.
p.
250
-
Near
the
River
Ter.
p.
258
-
Batteville
,
Ambassadour
of
Spain
;
his
Enterprize
against
the
Count
Estrades
,
the
French
Ambassadour
.
p.
33
-
Bavaria
;
Maria
Victoria
of
Bavaria
,
married
to
Lewis
,
Dauphin
of
France
.
p.
171
-
She
has
three
Sons
.
Her
Death
.
p.
285
-
Bavaria
;
Charlott
Elizabeth
of
Bavaria
,
Dutchess
of
Orleance
,
her
Pretensions
to
the
Succession
of
the
Elector
Palatine
,
her
Brother
.
p.
194
-
Bavaria
;
Maximilian
II.
Elector
and
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
declares
in
favour
of
the
Allies
.
p.
207
-
He
Assists
with
his
Troops
at
the
Siege
of
Mayence
.
p.
216
-
Is
present
at
the
Great
Council
,
held
at
the
Hague
.
p.
226
-
Is
made
Governour
of
the
Spanish
Netherlands
,
during
Life
.
p.
235
-
Commands
the
Spanish
Troops
at
the
Battle
of
Steenkirk
,
p.
239
-
And
at
Neerwinden
.
And
all
the
following
Campaigns
.
p.
248
,
p.
ibid.
-
Bavaria
(
Prince
Clement
of
)
Brother
to
the
Elector
,
is
elected
Archbishop
of
Cologne
,
when
he
was
seventeen
years
old
.
p.
201
-
Beauvilliers
;
Paul
,
Duke
of
Beauvilliers
,
Governour
of
the
Children
of
France
.
p.
285
-
Beaumont
,
taken
by
the
Allies
.
p.
228
-
Bellefonds
,
Bernhard
de
Gigaut
,
Marshal
of
France
.
p.
66
-
Berry
;
Charles
of
France
,
Duke
of
Berry
.
p.
285
-
Besanson
Besieged
,
and
taken
by
the
King
.
p.
116
-
Brisseleau
(
Francis
)
defends
Limerick
in
Ireland
.
p.
225
-
Bombardment
of
Tripoli
,
and
Algiers
.
p.
171
,
172
-
Of
Genoa
.
p.
172
-
Of
Pignerol
.
p.
250
-
Of
St.
Malo
.
p.
252
p.
267
-
Of
Diepe
.
p.
261
-
Of
Havre
.
de
Grace
.
p.
262
-
Of
Calais
.
p.
262
,
268
-
Of
Dunkirk
p.
261
,
260
-
Of
Brussels
.
p.
273
-
Bonn
,
taken
by
the
Allies
.
p.
218
-
Bossuet
(
Jacobus
Benignus
)
Bishop
of
Meaux
,
Preceptor
of
the
Dauphine
.
p.
170
-
Bouchern
taken
by
the
Duke
of
Orleance
.
p.
134
-
Bouflers
,
Lewis
Francis
.
Duke
of
Bouflers
,
Marshal
of
France
,
defends
Namur
.
p.
271
-
Commands
one
of
the
great
Armies
in
Flanders
.
p.
279
-
Bourbon
;
Lewis
,
Duke
of
Bourbon
,
Son
to
Julius
,
Prince
of
Conde
,
signalizes
himself
at
the
Battle
of
Steenkirk
.
p.
239
-
And
of
Neerwinden
.
p.
248
-
Bournaville
(
Prince
of
)
General
of
the
Imperialists
,
put
to
flight
by
the
Viscount
of
Turenne
.
p.
124
-
Brahe
(
Count
of
)
Swedish
Ambassadour
in
England
;
what
hapned
at
his
publick
Entry
.
p.
33
-
Brandenburgh
(
Frederick
William
,
Elector
of
)
go's
into
the
Campaign
to
assist
the
Hollanders
.
p.
99
-
Repasses
the
Weser
,
upon
the
approach
of
the
French
Army
.
p.
100
-
Makes
Peace
.
p.
101
-
Takes
up
Arms
a
second
time
.
p.
102
,
126
-
His
success
against
the
Swedes
.
p.
159
-
Is
obliged
to
restore
what
he
had
Conquer'd
from
the
Swedes
.
p.
160
,
161
-
Brandenburgh
(
Frederick
II.
)
takes
Keyserswert
.
p.
215
-
Born
.
p.
218
-
Reinforces
the
Army
of
the
Allies
,
after
the
Battle
of
Fleurus
.
p.
220
-
Brisac
,
A
Chamber
establish'd
at
Brisac
.
p.
274
-
Bulls
refused
by
Pope
Innocent
XI
.
to
those
Bishops
that
had
assisted
at
the
Assembly
of
Clergy
,
in
the
Year
1682.
p.
187
-
Burgundy
;
Lewis
,
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
Eldest
Son
of
Lewis
,
Dauphin
of
France
.
p.
285
-
Burgundy
;
The
King
obliges
the
King
of
Spain
,
not
to
make
use
for
the
future
of
that
Title
.
p.
177
-
Burick
Surrendred
.
p.
87
C.
-
Cadees
;
Establishment
of
the
Academies
of
Cadees
.
p.
168
-
Calais
;
The
King
falls
dangerously
ill
in
this
Place
.
p.
13
-
Bombarded
;
See
Bombardment
of
the
French
.
-
Callieres
(
Francis
Lord
of
)
Negotiates
at
the
Hague
.
p.
291
-
Plenipotentiary
at
the
Treaty
of
Reswick
.
p.
ibid.
-
Calvinism
;
its
first
Origin
,
Progress
,
and
Suppression
in
France
.
p.
75
,
187
-
Calvo
(
Francis
Count
of
)
defends
Mastricht
.
p.
135
-
Cambray
;
The
City
and
Cittadel
taken
by
the
King
.
p.
135
-
Campaigns
of
1667.
p.
65
-
Seq.
of
1672.
p.
85
-
Of
1673.
p.
101
Seq.
-
Of
1674.
p.
113
-
Of
1675.
p.
128
-
Of
1676.
p.
134.
Seq.
-
Camp.
of
1677.
p.
139
-
Of
1678.
p.
153
-
Of
1688.
p.
203
-
Of
1689.
p.
213
-
Of
1690.
p.
218
-
Of
1691.
p.
225
-
Of
1692.
p.
231
-
Of
1693.
p.
244
-
Of
1694.
p.
253
-
Of
1695.
p.
262
-
Of
1696.
p.
276
-
Of
1697.
p.
292
-
Campredon
taken
by
the
Marshal
of
Noailles
.
p.
214
-
Caprara
(
Count
of
)
General
of
the
Imperialists
.
p.
123
,
242
-
Carmagnole
Surrendred
.
p.
230
-
Carthagena
taken
and
plundered
by
the
French
.
p.
307
-
Casal
possess'd
by
the
French
.
p.
174
-
Is
besieged
by
the
Allies
,
and
d●molish'd
.
p.
265
,
266
-
Castle
Follet
.
p.
264
-
Castile
;
that
Kingdom
from
before
the
Year
1017
,
only
an
Earldom
.
p.
32
-
Catinat
(
Nicolas
de
)
Marshal
of
France
;
His
Exploits
in
Savoy
and
Piedmont
.
p.
223
,
230
,
250
-
Takes
Aeth
in
Flanders
.
p.
293
-
Cardaigne
(
the
Country
of
)
Conquer'd
by
the
Duke
of
Noailles
.
p.
229
-
Chenailly
(
Marquiss
of
)
defends
Grave
with
great
Bravery
.
p.
120
,
121
-
Charles
II.
King
of
Spain
;
His
Sickness
.
p.
286
-
Charles
II.
King
of
England
,
sells
Dunkirk
to
the
French
King
.
p.
47
,
48
-
Engages
in
a
War
against
the
Dutch.
p.
58
-
Enters
with
them
into
an
Alliance
.
p.
67
-
Declares
War
against
them
a
second
time
.
p.
95
-
Makes
Peace
with
them
.
p.
110
-
Makes
a
new
Alliance
with
Holland
against
France
.
p.
153
-
Is
acknowledged
Mediator
at
the
Peace
of
Nimhegen
.
p.
157
-
Charles
IV.
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
his
Character
,
Conduct
in
respect
to
the
Spaniards
.
p.
79
,
80
-
Defeats
the
Marshal
of
Crequy
,
and
takes
him
Prisoner
in
Treves
.
p.
133
,
134
-
Charles
V.
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
forced
to
repass
the
Rhine
.
p.
151
-
Refuses
the
Alteration
offered
him
by
the
King
at
the
Treaty
of
Nimhegen
.
p.
166
-
Charles
Leopold
,
his
eldest
Son
,
is
put
in
Possession
of
that
Dutchy
.
p.
309
-
Charleroy
.
p.
265
,
100
,
149
-
Chartres
(
Philip
,
Duke
of
)
only
Son
of
Philip
of
France
,
Duke
of
Orleance
,
is
wounded
at
Steenkirk
.
p.
239
-
Signalizes
himself
at
Neerwinden
.
p.
248
-
Chigi
(
Cardinal
Legat
)
sent
into
France
,
to
disown
the
Affront
put
upon
the
French
Ambassador
at
Rome
,
and
to
give
Satisfaction
for
the
same
.
p.
45
-
Cheo
,
p.
171
-
Choiseul
(
Claudius
,
Count
de
)
Marshal
of
France
.
p.
280
-
Christine
,
Queen
of
Sweden
,
comes
into
France
,
to
see
the
King
.
p.
10
,
11
-
Circles
of
Germany
declar
,
against
the
King
.
p.
207
-
Clergy
;
The
Assembly
of
the
French
Clergy
.
in
the
Year
,
1682.
p.
184
-
Constine
(
Armond
du
Cambout
,
Duke
de
)
Peer
of
France
,
wounded
at
che
Passage
of
the
Rhine
.
p.
91
-
Colbert
(
John
Baptist
)
Minister
and
Secretary
of
State
,
his
Character
.
p.
28
,
29
-
Colbert
(
Charles
)
Marquis
de
Croissi
,
French
Plenipotentiary
at
Nimhegen
.
p.
166
-
Cologne
;
Affairs
of
Cologne
.
p.
199
-
Compte
;
French
Compte
Conquer'd
.
p.
68
-
Restored
.
p.
ib.
-
Conquer'd
a
second
time
.
p.
114
-
Conde
(
Lewis
of
Bourbou
II.
Prince
of
)
his
Victories
and
Character
.
p.
5
-
Commands
the
French
Army
in
Holland
.
p.
86
-
Beats
the
Allies
near
Senef
.
p.
117
-
Forces
them
to
raise
the
Siege
of
Hagenau
.
p.
132
-
Conde
(
Henry
Julius
,
Prince
of
)
besieges
,
and
takes
Limburgh
.
p.
128
-
Coni
,
the
Siege
raised
.
p.
230
-
Conti
(
Lewis
Francis
,
Prince
of
)
signalizes
himself
at
Steenkirk
and
Neerwinden
.
p.
239
,
248
-
Is
Elected
King
of
Poland
.
p.
299
-
Corsairs
;
of
Africa
chastised
.
p.
171
-
Crequy
(
Duke
of
)
is
insulted
at
Rome
by
the
Pope's
Guards
.
p.
39
,
40
-
Crequy
(
Francis
de
)
Marshal
of
France
,
Commands
a
flying
Body
.
p.
65
-
Defeats
Marlin
.
p.
66
-
Is
routed
by
the
Dukes
of
Zell
and
Lorrain
.
p.
133
-
Forces
Prince
Charles
of
Lorrain
to
repass
the
Rhine
.
p.
151
-
Takes
Friburgh
.
p.
ibid.
D.
-
Darmstadt
(
Landgrave
of
)
signalizes
himself
in
the
defence
of
Barcelona
.
p.
301
-
Dauphin
;
Lewis
Dauphin
of
France
,
only
Son
to
LEWIS
the
Great
;
His
Birth
,
and
Education
.
p.
170
,
171
-
Besieges
,
and
takes
Philipsburgh
.
p.
203
-
Commands
in
Germany
.
p
,
224
-
Commands
in
Flanders
.
p.
255
-
Prevents
the
Enemy
from
forcing
the
French
Lines
.
p.
256
-
Dauphin
;
Invasion
of
the
Allies
of
that
Province
.
p.
241
-
Deinse
opens
its
Gate
.
p.
270
-
Denmark
delares
against
France
.
p.
111
-
Conquers
many
places
from
the
Swedes
.
p.
159
-
Obliged
to
restore
them
.
p.
166
-
Makes
a
defensive
League
with
Holland
.
p.
288
-
Descent
made
by
the
English
in
Cameret-Bay
.
p.
261
-
By
the
Dutch
in
a
small
Island
.
p.
122
-
Diepe
,
see
Bombardment
.
-
Diet
of
Ratisbonne
.
p.
175
,
176
-
Differences
betwixt
France
and
Spain
about
the
Precedency
.
p.
33
-
Betwixt
the
Duke
of
Crequy
and
the
Nephews
of
Alexander
VII
.
p.
41
-
Betwixt
two
Religious
Orders
about
the
Doctrine
of
Grace
.
p.
70
-
Betwixt
the
Empire
and
France
,
concerning
the
Limits
.
p.
175
,
176
-
Betwixt
France
and
Spain
,
about
the
Limits
in
Flanders
.
p.
178
-
About
the
Succession
in
the
Palatinate
.
p.
194
-
About
the
Franchises
of
the
Ambassador's
Quarters
at
Rome
.
p.
196
-
Dinant
taken
by
the
Marshal
de
Crequy
.
p.
128
-
Dixmuyden
surrendred
.
p.
178
,
56
-
Doesburgh
surrendred
.
p.
92
-
Dole
besieged
and
taken
by
the
King
.
p.
97
-
Doway
taken
,
after
a
Siege
of
two
days
.
p.
116
-
Duells
severely
chastised
.
p.
65
-
Dunkirk
taken
.
p.
13
-
Delivered
up
to
the
English
.
p.
47
,
48
-
Bought
by
the
King
.
p.
ibid.
-
Bombarded
,
see
Bombardment
.
-
Duquesne
,
Lieutenant
General
of
the
King
's
Marine
Forces
;
his
Off-spring
.
p.
137
-
Defeats
Admiral
Ruiter
.
ib.
-
Burns
eight
Tripolin
Vessels
in
the
Port
of
Chio.
p.
171
E.
-
Edicts
of
Nantes
and
Nismes
.
p.
190
,
191
-
Emperour
,
see
Leopold
.
-
Electors
of
the
Empire
declare
unanimously
against
France
.
p.
207
-
England
subject
to
great
Revolutions
.
p.
210
-
Entrance
of
the
King
and
Queen
in
Paris
.
p.
20
-
Estrades
(
Count
d'
)
afterwards
Marshal
of
France
,
his
Difference
with
the
Spanish
Ambassadour
,
Batteville
in
London
.
p.
33
-
Plenipotentiary
and
French
Ambassadour
at
Nimhegen
.
p.
166
-
Estrees
(
Francis
Hannibal
II.
Duke
d'
)
Peer
of
France
,
Ambassadour
at
Rome
;
the
Pope
does
not
abolish
the
Franchises
of
Quarters
,
till
after
his
Death
.
p.
196
-
Estree
(
John
,
Count
d'
)
Marshal
,
and
Vice-Admiral
of
France
.
p.
171
-
Estree
(
Caesar
,
Cardinal
d'
)
sent
to
Rome
,
to
endeavour
an
Accommodation
with
Pope
Innocent
XI
.
p.
184
F.
-
Fariau
defends
Mastrick
.
p.
103
-
Fenelon
;
Francis
de
Polignac
;
Fenelon
,
Preceptor
of
the
Children
of
France
.
p.
285
-
Fleets
,
see
Sea-Fights
.
-
Formular
,
against
the
five
Propositions
of
Jansenius
,
subscribed
.
p.
77
-
Fortifications
;
above
220
are
Erected
by
the
King's
Order
,
since
1660.
p.
168
-
France
,
its
Pre-eminency
.
p.
30
,
31
-
Its
Fertitility
.
p.
253
,
254
-
Franchises
of
the
Ambassadour's
Quarters
,
abolished
by
Innocent
XI
.
p.
196
-
Frankendahl
taken
.
p.
204
-
Friburgh
taken
.
p.
151
-
Granted
to
the
King
by
the
Peace
of
Nimhegen
.
p.
160
-
Fuente
(
Marquis
of
)
Spanish
Ambassadour
,
declares
,
that
the
Ministers
of
Spain
,
shall
not
dispute
about
the
Precedency
with
those
of
France
.
p.
37
,
38
-
Furnes
taken
.
p.
244
-
Furstenbergh
(
William
Eugene
)
is
seised
at
Cologne
,
and
carried
to
Viena
.
p.
112
-
Chosen
Co-adjutor
of
Cologne
;
Innocent
XI
.
refuses
to
confirm
it
.
p.
201
,
202
G.
-
Gap
abandoned
.
p.
242
-
Genneses
disoblige
the
King
.
p.
172
-
Genoa
bombarded
,
see
Bombardment
.
-
They
send
their
Doge
,
with
four
Senators
,
to
make
their
Submission
to
the
King
.
p
173
-
Ghnet
besiged
,
and
taken
by
the
King
.
p.
154
,
156
-
Gigery
taken
,
abandoned
.
p.
56
-
Guesne
(
Archbishop
of
)
Primate
of
Poland
,
calls
together
a
Diet
,
for
the
Election
of
a
King
of
Poland
.
p.
ib.
-
Proclaims
the
Prince
of
Conty
,
King
of
Poland
.
p.
299
-
Grave
besieged
,
and
surrendred
to
the
Prince
of
Orange
.
p.
120
,
121
,
122
-
Gray
taken
.
p.
114
-
Gregory
VII
.
the
first
who
pretended
to
depose
an
Emperour
.
p.
186
-
Groll
,
a
strong
Place
,
taken
.
p.
93
-
Guillestre
in
Dauphine
.
p.
242
-
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
King
of
Sweden
.
p.
10
H.
-
Hageneu
besieged
by
Count
Montecuculi
,
raises
the
Siege
.
p.
132
-
Harlay
(
Nicolas
Augustus
,
de
)
Count
of
Celi
,
French
Plenipotentiary
at
the
Conferences
of
Frankfurt
.
p.
175
-
And
at
the
General
Peace
.
p.
291
-
Haw
(
Don
Lewis
de
)
Premier
Minister
of
Spain
.
p.
18
-
Havre
de
Grace
,
see
Bombardment
.
-
Heidelbergh
,
the
Capital
of
the
Palatinate
,
taken
by
the
Marshal
de
Lorge
.
p.
246
-
Hesse
(
Landgrave
of
)
raises
the
Siege
of
Eberenburgh
.
p.
243
-
Holland
(
the
Commonwealth
of
)
its
Origin
,
Progress
,
Reputation
,
Varity
.
p.
82
,
83
-
Loses
above
forty
Places
in
one
Campaign
.
p.
84
-
Hollanders
assisted
by
the
King
against
the
Bishop
of
Munster
,
and
the
King
of
England
.
p.
58
,
59
-
The
Chief
Promoters
of
all
the
Alliances
against
France
;
see
Leagues
.
-
Humiers
(
Marshal
d'
)
takes
Aire
.
p.
135
-
Is
repulsed
at
Walecourt
.
p.
214
-
Huy
taken
by
the
French
.
p.
128
-
Retaken
by
the
Allies
.
p.
258
I.
-
JAMES
II.
King
of
England
,
retires
into
France
.
p.
211
,
212
-
Passes
over
into
Ireland
.
p.
214
-
Returns
to
France
,
after
the
Battle
of
the
Boyne
.
p.
225
-
Goes
to
the
Sea-side
,
in
hopes
of
making
a
Descent
in
England
.
p.
231
-
Jansenisme
;
its
Origin
,
Progress
,
and
Condemnation
.
p.
70
,
71
,
72
-
Janson
(
Toussain
,
Cardinal
d'
)
Bishop
of
Beauvais
.
p.
294
-
Imperial
Cardinal
,
Governour
of
Rome
,
comes
into
France
to
justifie
himself
.
p.
45
,
46
-
Innocent
XI
.
the
Pope
,
his
Character
;
writes
three
Briefs
to
the
King
about
the
Regale
.
p.
182
-
Annuls
the
Acts
of
the
Assembly
of
the
French
Clergy
.
p.
185
-
Refuses
his
Bulls
to
the
Bishops
of
that
Assembly
.
p.
187
-
Is
made
Arbitrator
by
the
King
,
of
the
Succession
in
the
Palatinate
.
p.
195
-
Abolishes
the
Franchises
of
Quarters
.
p.
190
-
Gives
his
Dispensation
to
Prince
Clement
of
Bavaria
,
p.
201
-
Interview
of
the
French
and
Spanish
Court
.
p.
18
-
Invalides
,
the
Royal
Hospital
,
built
near
Paris
.
p.
169
-
Ipres
taken
by
the
King
.
p.
156
-
Ireland
,
the
King
sends
Succours
into
that
Kingdom
.
p.
214
-
L'Isle
besieged
by
,
and
surrendred
to
the
King
.
p.
66
K.
-
Kayserswert
taken
by
the
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
.
p.
215
-
Knock
Fort
;
the
Allies
lose
above
two
thousand
Men
before
it
.
p.
269
L.
-
Ladeburgh
;
the
Imperialists
defeated
by
Tu●rene
near
this
Place
p.
124
-
Lagos
,
about
eighty
Vessels
were
taken
and
burnt
,
betwixt
this
place
and
Cadiz
.
p.
245
,
246
-
Lavardin
(
Marquiss
of
)
French
Ambassadour
at
Rome
.
p.
197
-
The
Pope
refuses
him
Audience
.
p.
198
-
League
against
France
betwixt
the
Emperour
,
Spain
,
and
Denmark
,
Holland
,
and
all
the
Princes
of
Germany
,
except
the
Dukes
of
Bavaria
and
Hannover
.
p.
107
,
111
-
League
betwixt
England
and
Holland
against
France
.
p.
153
-
League
of
Ausburgh
.
p.
193
-
League
betwixt
the
Empire
,
Spain
,
England
▪
Holland
and
Savoy
,
against
France
.
p.
207
p.
209
-
Leopold
Ignatius
,
Emperour
of
Germany
,
desires
Succours
from
the
King
.
p.
57
-
Enters
in
a
League
against
France
.
p.
107
-
Makes
Peace
with
France
.
p.
165
-
Makes
a
Truce
with
the
King
.
p.
177
-
Enters
in
another
Alliance
against
him
.
p.
193
-
Declares
for
the
Election
of
Prince
Clement
of
Bavaria
.
p.
200
-
Makes
Peace
with
France
.
p.
308
-
Leuze
,
Engagement
near
Leuze
.
229
-
Lewis
XIII
.
seises
Lorrain
.
p.
80
-
His
War
with
the
Hugonots
.
p.
188
-
Lewis
XIV
.
sirnamed
the
Great
,
his
Birth
.
p.
1
-
Troubles
under
his
Minority
.
p.
2
-
Is
present
at
the
Battle
of
St.
Anthony
.
p.
5
-
Falls
dangerously
ill
at
Calais
.
p.
13
-
Marries
the
Infanta
of
Portugal
.
p.
17
-
Enters
Paris
in
Triumph
.
p.
20
-
Lewis
the
Great
,
his
Divertisements
.
p.
25
-
Obliges
Spain
to
allow
him
the
Precedency
.
p.
37
-
Receives
Satisfaction
for
the
Affront
put
upon
his
Ambassadour
at
the
Court
of
Rome
.
p.
45
-
Causes
a
new
Codex
or
Lambock
to
be
compiled
.
p.
52
-
Restores
the
decayed
Commerce
.
p.
56
-
Sends
Succours
to
the
Emperour
.
p.
57
-
And
to
the
Dutch.
p.
58
-
Lewis
the
Great
besieges
,
and
takes
Listle
.
p.
66
-
Conquers
the
French
Comte
in
eight
days
.
p.
68
-
Suppresles
Jansinism
.
p.
69
-
Builds
Versailles
.
p.
77
-
And
takes
Possession
of
Lorrain
.
p.
81
-
LEWIS
the
Great
declares
War
against
Holland
.
p.
85
-
His
first
Conquests
.
p.
87
,
seq.
-
New
Conquests
.
p.
92
-
Draws
the
King
of
England
from
his
Alliance
with
the
Dutch.
p.
95
-
Besieges
,
and
takes
Mastrick
.
p.
103
,
seq.
-
Besieges
,
and
takes
Besanson
.
p.
114
-
Makes
himself
Master
of
the
whole
French
Comte
in
one
Months
time
.
p.
117
-
LEWIS
the
Great
takes
Conde
.
p.
134
-
Sends
Succours
to
Messina
.
p.
136
-
Takes
Valenciennes
.
p.
142
-
The
Town
and
Cittadel
of
Cambray
.
p.
148
-
Ghent
.
p.
156
-
Ipres
.
p.
ibid.
-
Restores
Peace
to
Europe
.
p.
162
-
Erects
the
Academies
for
the
Cadees
.
p.
168
-
Builds
the
Hospital
of
the
Invalides
.
p.
169
-
Founds
the
Community
of
St.
Cyr.
p.
ib.
-
LEWIS
the
Great
Chastises
the
Corsairs
of
Barbary
.
p.
171
,
172
-
Genoeses
.
p.
ibid.
-
Summons
all
his
Vassals
in
Alsace
,
to
do
him
Homage
.
p.
174
-
Goes
to
Strasburgh
,
to
receive
in
Person
the
Oath
of
Fidelity
.
p.
175
-
Makes
a
Truce
with
the
Emperour
for
twenty
years
.
p.
177
-
LEWIS
the
Great
obliges
the
King
of
Spain
,
to
resign
the
Title
of
Duke
of
Burgundy
p.
177
-
Causes
Luxenburgh
to
be
block'd
up
.
p.
178
-
Covers
the
Siege
of
Luxenburgh
.
p.
179
-
Makes
a
Truce
with
Spain
,
for
twenty
Years
.
p.
180
-
Differences
betwixt
him
and
the
Court
of
Rome
.
p.
ibid.
-
He
suppresses
Calvinism
in
France
.
p.
187
-
The
whole
Kingdom
makes
Vows
for
his
Recovery
.
p.
192
-
The
Motives
that
obliged
him
to
have
recourse
to
Arms.
p.
202
-
Takes
Philipsburgh
,
and
the
whole
Palatinate
.
p.
203
,
204
-
LEWIS
the
Great
receives
the
King
and
Queen
of
England
,
with
an
unparallell'd
Generosity
.
p.
213
-
Sends
Succours
into
Ireland
.
p.
ib.
-
Besieges
,
and
takes
Mons.
p.
228
-
The
City
and
Cittadel
of
Namur
.
p.
233
-
Being
troubled
with
the
Gout
,
is
carried
in
a
Chair
,
to
all
Places
,
where
his
Presence
was
most
necessary
.
p.
236
-
The
Prince
of
Conty
Elected
King
of
Poland
,
by
his
Encouragement
and
Protection
.
p.
299
-
Restores
Peace
to
Europe
.
p.
307
-
Limburgh
taken
by
Henry
Julius
,
Prince
of
Conde
.
p.
128
-
Limerick
in
Ireland
,
bravely
defended
by
the
French
.
p.
225
-
The
English
obliged
to
raise
the
Siege
.
ibid.
-
Limits
,
see
Differences
.
-
Lines
,
what
they
are
.
p.
249
-
New
Lines
drawn
from
the
Shelde
to
the
Lis
,
and
from
Courtray
,
to
the
Sea-side
.
p.
268
-
Longueville
(
Duke
of
)
kill'd
.
p.
98
-
Longe
Alphonse
,
de
Durasford
,
Duke
de
Lorges
,
Marshal
of
France
,
makes
good
his
Retreat
against
the
Imperialists
,
after
the
Death
of
Turenne
.
p.
132
-
Takes
Heidelbergh
.
p.
246
-
Louvois
,
see
Tellier
.
-
Luxenburgh
block'd
up
.
p.
178
-
Besieged
.
p.
179
-
Taken
.
p.
ib.
-
Luxenburgh
,
Francis
Henry
de
Montmorancy
,
Duke
de
Pency
Luxenburgh
,
Peer
and
Marshal
of
France
,
takes
Groll
,
Deventer
,
and
all
the
Places
in
the
Province
of
Over-Yssle
.
p.
93
-
Obliges
the
Prince
of
Orange
to
raise
the
Siege
of
Voerden
.
p.
97
-
Repulses
the
Dutch
at
St.
Denis
.
p.
163
-
Beats
the
Allies
at
Flerus
.
p.
219
-
Leuze
.
p.
229
-
Steenkirk
.
p.
239
-
At
Neerwinden
.
p.
248
-
His
Death
.
p.
270
M.
-
Machin
,
or
Engine
made
use
of
by
the
English
against
St.
Malo
.
p.
252
-
Maine
,
Lewis
Augustus
,
Duke
de
Maine
,
Commands
the
French
Cavalry
at
the
Battle
of
Steenkirk
.
p.
239
-
Signalizes
himself
at
Neerwinden
.
p.
248
-
St.
Malo
,
see
Bombardment
.
-
Manheim
,
a
strong
Place
in
the
Palatinate
.
p.
204
-
Marcin
(
Count
de
Marcin
.
)
General
of
the
Spanish
Forces
,
marches
to
the
Relief
of
L'
Isle
.
p.
66
-
Is
Routed
.
p.
ibid.
-
Mardick
,
a
Fort.
p.
13
-
Maria
Theresia
,
Queen
of
France
,
see
Austria
.
-
Maria
Adelhida
,
Dutches
of
Burgundy
,
see
Savoy
.
-
Marsal
granted
to
the
King
.
p.
80
-
Mastrick
besieged
by
the
King
.
p.
103
-
Taken
.
p.
106
-
Besieged
by
the
Prince
of
Orange
.
p.
135
-
Mayence
besieged
.
p.
215
-
Taken
.
p.
217
-
Mazarine
Julius
,
Cardinal
Premier
Minister
under
the
Regency
of
the
Queen
Mother
.
p.
2
-
His
Conference
with
Don
Lewis
de
Haro
.
p.
18
-
His
Death
.
p.
22
-
Mehaigne
,
a
small
River
near
Namur
.
p.
235
-
Messina
shakes
off
the
Spanish
Yoke
.
p.
136
-
Metz
,
Chamber
of
Re-union
established
at
Metz.
p.
174
-
Mirc-Court
,
the
ordinary
Place
of
Residence
.
of
Charles
IV.
Duke
of
Lorrain
.
p.
81
-
Missionaries
preach
among
the
Calvinists
.
p.
189
-
Mons
besieged
and
taken
by
the
King
.
p.
228
-
Montausier
(
Charles
Duke
of
)
Peer
of
France
,
Governour
to
Lewis
Dauphine
.
p.
170
-
Montmelian
taken
.
p.
231
-
Montecuculi
(
Count
of
)
his
Character
.
p.
129
-
Munster
(
Bernhard-van
Galen
,
Bishop
of
)
invades
Holland
.
p.
58
-
Joyns
his
Troops
with
the
French
in
the
Dutch
War
.
p.
93
-
Declares
against
France
.
p.
111
N.
-
Namur
besieged
by
the
King
,
and
taken
p.
233.
-
Besieged
by
the
Allies
.
p.
271
-
Nancy
fortified
by
the
King
.
p.
107
-
Naerden
,
a
small
Place
in
Holland
.
p.
92
-
Noailles
(
Philip
de
Montaut
,
Duke
de
Noailles
)
Marshal
of
France
.
p.
149
-
Newburgh
(
Duke
of
)
his
Character
.
p.
193
-
Cabals
against
France
.
p.
ibid.
-
Presses
the
Emperour
to
conclude
a
Peace
with
the
Turks
.
p.
194
-
Endeavours
to
make
one
of
his
Sons
Coadjutor
of
Cologne
.
p.
199
-
Neutrality
proposed
for
the
French
,
Comte
.
p.
113
-
For
Catalonia
.
p.
289
-
Refused
by
the
Allies
,
but
accepted
for
Italy
.
p.
283
-
Nice
taken
.
p.
230
-
Nimhegen
taken
.
p.
94
-
Chosen
for
the
Place
of
Treaty
of
Peace
.
p.
157
-
Noailles
(
Ann
Julius
,
Duke
of
)
Peer
and
Marshal
of
France
,
Commands
in
Catalonia
,
takes
Campredon
.
p.
214
-
Roses
.
p.
245
-
Palamos
.
p.
259
-
Gironne
.
p.
269
-
Gains
the
Battle
of
Ter.
p.
258
-
Noailles
(
James
)
Lieutenant
General
of
the
French
Gallies
,
signalizes
himself
at
the
Siege
of
Barcelona
.
p.
302
-
Orange
(
William
III.
Prince
of
)
Entrenches
himself
near
the
Issel
.
p.
88
-
Besieges
Voerden
.
p.
97
-
Charleroy
twice
.
p.
101
,
149
-
Oudernard
.
p.
120
-
Mastrick
.
p.
135
-
His
overthrow
near
Voerden
.
p.
97
-
Near
Senef
.
p.
117
-
And
near
Cassel
.
p.
146
-
Orange
(
Prince
of
)
his
Exploits
,
takes
Naerden
.
p.
108
-
Bonn.
p.
ibid.
-
Grave
.
p.
120
O.
-
Orange
(
Prince
of
)
makes
a
Descent
in
England
,
and
is
received
with
great
Acclamation
.
p.
211
-
Is
Crown'd
,
and
acknowledged
lawful
King
,
by
the
Emperour
,
King
of
Spain
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Roman
Catholick
Confederate
Princes
,
and
in
general
by
all
the
Protestant
Princes
.
p.
212
-
Orleance
(
Philip
of
France
,
Duke
of
)
takes
Orsoy
.
p.
87
-
Besieges
St.
Omer
.
p.
147
-
Takes
it
.
p.
ibid.
-
Defeats
the
Prince
of
Orange
near
Cassel
.
p.
146
-
Oudernard
,
the
Siege
of
Oudernard
raised
.
p.
120
-
Oudewater
,
a
small
Place
in
Holland
.
p.
92
P.
-
Peace
,
see
Treaty
.
-
Palamos
taken
.
p.
259
-
Palatinate
Conquer'd
by
the
Dauphin
.
p.
204
-
Palatine
,
see
Newburgh
.
-
Palermo
,
see
Sea-fight
.
-
Pamiers
(
Bishop
of
)
makes
his
Complaint
to
Pope
Innocent
XI
.
concerning
the
Regale
.
p.
182
-
Philip
IV.
King
of
Spain
,
conducts
in
Person
the
Infanta
his
Daughter
,
to
St.
John
de
Luz
.
p.
18
-
Resigns
the
Precedency
to
our
King
.
p.
37
-
Philipsburgh
taken
by
the
Enemy
.
p.
139
-
Retaken
by
the
Dauphin
.
p.
203
-
Piedmont
,
Conquest
in
Piedmont
.
p.
230
,
231
-
Pignerol
bombarded
by
the
Allies
.
p.
250
-
Pimentel
(
Don
Antonio
d'
)
employed
to
conclude
the
Marriage
betwixt
the
Infanta
of
Spain
and
the
King
.
p.
18
-
Pisa
,
see
Treaty
.
-
Plate
,
the
King's
Plate
employed
to
the
use
of
the
War
.
p.
78
-
Plenipotentiaries
assembled
at
Nimhegen
.
p.
157
-
Frankfurt
.
p.
175
,
176
-
At
Reswick
.
p.
291
-
Ponty
(
the
Sieur
d'
)
takes
Carthagena
in
America
.
p.
307
-
Poland
,
the
Diet
for
the
chusing
a
King
of
Poland
.
p.
295
-
Polignac
(
Melchior
d'
)
French
Ambassadour
in
Poland
.
p.
299
-
Precedency
disputed
to
France
by
Spain
.
p.
33
-
Propositions
,
the
five
Propositions
of
Janson
,
condemned
by
Innocent
X.
and
Alexander
VII
.
p.
72
,
73
R.
-
Ratisbonne
,
see
Diet.
-
Ravensberg
ravaged
.
p.
101
-
Regale
,
in
what
it
consists
;
the
King's
Declaration
about
it
.
p.
180
,
181
-
Renunciation
;
Nullity
of
the
Queens
Renunciation
to
the
Succession
of
Spain
.
p.
62
,
p.
63
-
Re-Unions
of
the
Dependencies
in
Alsace
,
and
the
three
Bishopricks
,
by
the
Chambers
of
Brisac
and
Metz.
p.
174
-
Revolution
in
England
.
p.
210
-
Rhineberg
surrendred
.
p.
87
-
Rhine
;
an
account
of
the
passing
the
Rhine
.
p.
88
-
Richelieu
(
Cardinal
of
.
)
p.
3
-
Reswick
,
Situate
betwixt
Delft
and
the
Hague
,
the
Place
of
Conference
for
the
General
Peace
.
p.
288
-
Rome
;
Affairs
of
Rome
.
p.
180
,
seq.
-
Roses
taken
.
p.
245
-
Ruiter
,
Admiral
of
Holland
,
miscarries
at
Martinico
.
p.
122
-
Defeated
by
Duquesne
.
p.
137
-
Mortally
wounded
.
p.
ibid.
S.
-
Salines
taken
.
p.
116
-
Saluzze
opens
its
Gates
.
p.
224
-
St.
Andrew
(
Fort
of
.
)
p.
92
-
St.
Ann
(
Fortress
of
.
)
p.
116
-
St.
Brigit
(
Fort
of
.
)
p.
250
-
St.
Cyr
,
a
Community
of
three
hundred
young
Ladies
.
p.
169
-
St.
Guillaine
taken
.
p.
152
-
St.
Jean
de
Luz
.
p.
18
-
St.
Malo
,
see
Bombardment
.
-
St.
Omer
besieged
by
the
Duke
of
Orleance
.
p.
147
-
Surrendred
p.
ibid.
-
Saverne
besieged
in
vain
by
the
Enemy
.
p.
132
-
Savoy
(
Victor
Amadeus
II.
Duke
of
)
joins
with
the
Allies
.
p.
209
-
His
Defeat
,
see
Battles
.
-
Enters
Dauphine
.
p.
242
-
Enters
Casal
.
p.
265
-
Makes
Peace
with
France
.
p.
283
-
Besieges
Valenza
in
the
Milaneze
.
p.
ibid.
-
Savoy
(
Maria
Adelaida
,
Princess
of
)
Dutchess
of
Burgundy
,
is
conducted
into
Erance
,
in
order
to
her
Marriage
.
p.
284
-
Savoy
(
Dukedom
of
)
Conquer'd
by
the
King
.
p.
224
-
Saxony
,
Frederick
Augustus
,
Elector
of
Saxony
,
proclaimed
King
of
Poland
,
by
the
Bishop
of
Cujavia
.
p.
300
-
Saxony
(
Duke
of
Saxe
Eusenach
)
Commander
in
Chief
of
some
German
Troops
,
saves
himself
in
one
of
the
Islands
of
the
Rhine
.
p.
150
-
Desires
a
Pass-port
for
a
safe
Retreat
.
ibid.
-
Schomberg
(
Marshal
,
Duke
of
)
his
Exploits
.
p.
122
-
Relieves
Mastrick
.
p.
135
-
Is
kill'd
at
the
Battle
of
the
Boyne
.
p.
225
-
Sea-Fights
.
p.
3
,
60
,
p.
95
,
110
,
p.
222
,
137
,
p.
220
,
Seq.
p.
232
,
seq.
-
Shel-stadt
.
p.
107
-
Shenkenshantz
(
Fort
of
.
)
p.
92
-
Sobieski
(
John
III.
)
his
Elevation
to
the
Crown
of
Poland
;
Relieves
Vienna
.
p.
295
-
Sobieski
(
Prince
James
)
one
of
the
Candidates
for
the
Crown
of
Poland
.
p.
296
-
Spain
,
its
Grandeur
under
Philip
II.
p.
31
-
Resigns
the
Precedency
to
France
.
p.
137
-
Refuses
to
give
Satisfaction
about
the
just
Pretensions
of
the
Queen
.
p.
65
-
Enters
into
all
the
Confederacy's
made
against
France
.
p.
107
-
Spires
.
p.
204
-
Strasburgh
submits
to
the
King
.
p.
107
-
Sweden's
Mediation
of
the
Peace
.
p.
112
-
Has
all
the
Places
restored
.
p.
159
-
Swiss
refuse
to
enter
into
the
Confederacy
.
p.
208
T.
-
Tellier
(
Michael
)
Chancellour
of
France
.
p.
50
-
Tellier
(
Michael
Francis
)
Marquiss
of
Louvois
,
Minister
,
and
Secretary
of
State
,
his
Character
.
p.
51
-
Thoulouse
,
Lewis
Alexander
,
Count
de
Thoulouse
,
wounded
near
the
King
,
at
the
Siege
of
Namur
.
p.
236
-
Tournay
surrended
.
p.
65
-
Tourville
(
Ann
Hilarion
de
Constantine
,
Count
of
)
Vice-Admiral
,
and
Marshal
of
France
,
engages
,
and
beats
the
Confederate
Fleets
of
England
and
Holland
;
is
worsted
by
them
,
see
Sea-Fights
.
-
Takes
and
Burns
eighty
Merchant-Men
of
the
Enemies
.
p.
245
,
246
-
Treaties
;
the
Pyrenean
Treaty
.
p.
18
-
Of
Pisa
.
p.
45
-
Of
Breda
.
p.
60
-
At
Cleves
.
p.
59
-
At
Aixe
la
Chapelle
.
p.
68
-
Of
Nimhegen
.
p.
162
-
Of
Peace
with
Savoy
.
p.
283
-
Of
Reswick
.
p.
308
-
Treves
seised
upon
by
the
King
.
p.
107
-
Taken
by
the
Allies
.
p.
133
-
Taken
by
the
French
.
p.
204
-
Tripoli
,
see
Bombardment
.
-
Tromp
Admiral
of
Holland
.
p.
122
-
Truce
of
twenty
years
.
p.
177
-
Turks
routed
by
the
French
,
near
St.
Godard
.
p.
57
-
Turenne
(
Henry
de
la
Tour
de
Auvergne
,
Viscount
de
)
gains
the
Battle
of
St.
Anthony
;
See
Battles
.
-
Commands
under
the
King
in
the
year
1667
,
His
Victories
in
Germany
;
-
See
Campaigns
.
-
Is
killed
by
a
Cannon
Shot
.
-
Is
magnificently
buried
at
the
King's
Charge
.
p.
131
V.
-
Valence
(
Siege
of
.
)
p.
283
-
Valenciennes
taken
by
Assault
.
p.
142
-
Vaudemont
(
Prince
of
)
his
Retreat
p.
270
-
Vendosme
(
Lewis
Joseph
,
Duke
de
)
signalizes
himself
at
Steenkirk
.
p.
239
-
Commands
in
Catalonia
,
his
Exploits
.
p.
280
-
Defeats
the
Viceroy
of
Catalonia
.
p.
303
-
Besieges
and
takes
Barcelona
.
p.
305
-
Varjus
,
Count
de
Crecy
,
see
Plenipotentiaries
.
-
Versailles
.
p.
77
-
Vessels
,
fifteen
of
the
King's
Vessels
burnt
.
p.
232
-
Villa
Franca
taken
.
p.
230
-
Villeroy
Commands
the
Grand
Army
in
Flanders
,
see
Campaign
of
1695.
-
Bombards
Brussels
,
see
Bombardment
.
-
Vironne
(
Lewis
Victor
de
Rochechovard
,
Duke
of
)
Peer
and
Marshal
of
France
,
beats
the
Confederate
Fleet.
p.
136
-
Relieves
Messina
.
ibid.
-
Vxelles
(
Marquiss
de
)
defends
Mayence
with
great
Bravery
.
p.
215
,
216
,
217
W.
-
Walecourt
,
the
French
repulsed
near
that
place
.
p.
214
-
Waldeck
(
Count
of
)
General
of
the
Confederate
Army
.
p.
219
-
Routed
near
Flerus
,
see
Battles
.
-
War
,
Civil
War
,
and
its
Origin
.
p.
3
,
p.
4
,
5
-
Wesel
surrendred
.
p.
87
-
William
III.
King
of
Great
Britain
,
worsted
at
Steenkirk
.
p.
239
-
At
Neerwinden
.
p.
248
-
At
St.
Denis
.
p.
163
-
Takes
Namur
.
p.
272
-
Gains
the
Battle
near
the
Boyne
.
p.
225
-
Is
present
at
the
Great
General
Council
at
the
Hague
.
p.
226
-
His
Courage
and
Resolution
.
p
,
278
-
Is
one
of
the
first
that
Signs
the
Peace
.
p.
308
-
Is
acknowledged
by
France
,
lawful
King
of
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
.
p.
310
-
Wirtenbergh
(
Dutchy
of
.
)
p.
215
-
Wirtenbergh
(
Duke
of
)
made
Prisoner
by
the
Marshal
de
Lorge
.
p.
243
Z.
-
Zell
(
Duke
of
)
routs
the
Marshal
de
Crequy
.
p.
133
-
Takes
Treves
.
p.
134
-
Zutphen
p.
94
-
Zwell
.
p.
93
Books
Printed
and
Sold
by
D.
Midwinter
,
and
T.
Leigh
,
at
the
Rose
and
Crown
in
St.
Paul's
Church-Yard
.
THE
Education
of
Young
Gentlewomen
,
written
originally
in
French
,
and
from
thence
made
English
,
and
improved
for
a
Lady
of
Quality
.
Twelves
.
1699.
Advice
to
Young
Gentlemen
in
their
several
Conditions
of
Life
;
by
way
of
Address
from
a
Father
to
his
Children
,
by
the
Abbot
Goussalt
:
with
his
Sentiments
and
Maxims
upon
what
passes
in
a
Civil
Society
.
Printed
at
Paris
,
1697
,
and
Translated
into
English
.
Octav.
A
compleat
Doctrine
of
the
Bones
,
according
to
the
newest
and
most
resined
Notions
of
Anatomy
,
shewing
their
Nature
and
Substance
,
&c.
By
Robert
Baker
,
Chirurgeon
.
Octav.
1699.
Plain
and
full
Instructions
to
raise
all
sorts
of
Fruit-Trees
that
prosper
in
England
,
&c.
the
Second
Edition
;
with
the
Addition
of
two
entire
Chapters
,
of
Greens
and
Green-houses
,
by
the
Author
,
T.
Laugford
,
Gent.
Oct.
1699.
The
Lives
and
Characters
of
the
English
Drammatick
Poets
;
also
an
Account
of
all
the
Plays
that
were
ever
yet
Printed
in
the
English
Tongue
,
&c.
first
begun
by
Mr.
Langbain
;
improv'd
and
continued
down
to
this
time
by
a
Careful
Hand
.
Octavo
.
A
Voyage
to
the
East-Indies
,
giving
an
Account
of
the
Isles
of
Madagascar
,
and
Mascarene
of
Surat
,
the
Coast
of
Malabar
,
&c.
Written
originally
in
Fr.
by
Mr.
Dellon
,
M.
D.
Octav.
The
Mystery
of
Phanaticism
,
or
the
Artifices
of
Dissenters
to
support
their
Schism
;
together
with
the
Evil
and
Danger
of
them
,
set
forth
in
several
Letters
,
&c.
By
a
Divine
of
the
Church
of
England
.
The
2d
Edit.
Octav.
The
Life
of
our
Blessed
Saviour
,
an
Heroick
Poem
,
&c.
with
above
60
Cuts
.
The
2d
Edit.
Fol.
Resolves
,
Moral
,
Divine
,
and
Political
.
By
Owen
Feltham
,
Esq
Fol.
Bishop
Burnet's
History
of
the
Reformation
of
the
Church
of
England
.
In
Two
Vol.
Fol.
Dr.
Cave's
Lives
of
the
Primitive
Fathers
.
In
two
Vol.
Fol.
Bishop
Tillotson's
Posthumous
Sermons
.
In
Five
Vol.
Octav.
Books
sold
by
Rob.
Knaplock
,
at
the
Angel
and
Crown
in
St.
Paul's
Church-Yard
.
-
MR.
Hole
's
Letters
concerning
the
Gift
and
Forms
of
Prayer
.
-
The
Mystery
of
Fanaticism
.
-
The
Government
of
a
Wife
.
-
Mr.
De
la
Salle's
Discoveries
in
North
America
.
-
Drydon's
Virgil.
-
—
Juvenal
.
-
Pufendorf's
Introduction
to
History
.
-
A.
Bishop
Tillotson's
Works
.
Fol.
-
Sir
Roger
L'strange's
Tully
.
-
—
Seneca
.
-
M.
Antonini
Imp.
Medit.
cum
Notis
G.
Gattakeri
.
Graec.
&
Lat.
-
Gibson
's
Anatomy
.
-
Salmon's
Dispensatory
.
-
—
Chirurgery
.
-
—
Synopsis
Medicinae
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
REIGN
OF
LEWIS
the
GREAT
.
LIB.
I.
LEWIS
the
XIIIth
.
had
for
a
considerable
time
after
his
Marriage
no
Issue
by
Ann
of
Austria
his
spouse
,
till
in
the
Year
1638
,
on
the
5th
day
of
December
at
eleven
of
the
Clock
,
22
Minutes
before
Noon
,
His
Birth
.
she
was
happily
delivered
of
a
Son
.
The
Imperialists
vanquish'd
near
Rhinefels
,
a●d
the
Spaniards
at
Sea
.
With
what
an
universal
satisfaction
this
welcome
News
was
received
all
over
the
Kingdom
is
easier
to
be
imagined
than
exprest
.
The
rejoycings
made
upon
this
occasion
,
did
in
a
great
measure
obliterate
the
glory
of
famous
Victories
,
obtained
about
the
same
time
by
the
French
over
their
Enemies
,
the
people
of
France
looking
upon
them
all
at
that
juncture
as
scarce
worth
taking
notice
of
,
and
of
little
consequence
,
in
comparison
of
the
advantages
they
promised
themselves
from
the
happy
birth
of
a
Dauphin
.
The
barrenness
of
the
Queen
,
and
the
ill
state
of
the
King's
health
had
given
occasion
to
several
Cabals
and
Factions
;
and
no
sooner
was
one
head
of
this
pernicious
Hydra
cut
off
,
but
another
appeared
in
its
stead
,
the
divisions
of
the
Great
ones
being
risen
to
that
pitch
,
as
to
threaten
the
ruine
of
the
whole
Kingdom
,
if
,
by
the
auspicious
Birth
of
this
Prince
,
these
dreadful
Clouds
had
not
been
dispersed
.
Troubles
during
his
Minority
.
But
the
Death
of
Lewis
the
XIIIth
which
happened
when
the
young
Prince
was
but
four
Years
and
nine
Months
old
,
occasioned
no
small
apprehensions
of
future
troubles
in
the
State
;
great
discontents
reigned
among
the
Nobility
;
the
Parliaments
were
exasperated
by
many
provocations
,
and
the
People
exhausted
by
heavy
Impositions
;
all
which
,
it
was
feared
,
would
have
broke
out
into
an
open
Rebellion
,
during
the
young
King's
Minority
.
Cardinal
Julius
Mazarin
.
The
Queen
Regent
being
absolutely
satisfied
in
the
ability
of
the
Cardinal
Mazarin
,
had
made
him
Chief
Minister
of
State
,
to
the
great
dissatisfaction
of
such
of
the
Great
ones
,
as
proposed
to
themselves
to
fish
in
troubled
Waters
,
and
to
find
their
account
in
fomenting
Divisions
in
the
Kingdom
;
They
alledged
that
the
Cardinal
being
a
Foreigner
,
they
did
not
question
but
that
he
would
tread
the
footsteps
of
Cardinal
Richlieu
,
and
in
this
high
station
revived
the
same
haughty
Maxims
his
Predecessor
had
made
use
of
during
his
Ministry
.
But
this
great
Minister
of
State
managed
matters
with
so
much
dexterity
,
that
by
bestowing
ample
favours
,
and
larger
promises
upon
those
of
the
discontented
Party
,
he
brought
many
of
them
over
to
his
side
,
so
that
beyond
all
expectation
,
his
Ministry
was
very
quiet
for
the
first
five
years
,
and
the
present
condition
of
the
Kingdom
appear'd
to
be
more
flourishing
at
that
time
,
Victories
near
Rocroy
,
near
Rotewil
,
Friburg
,
Nortlingen
,
and
Leantz
.
N●ar
Cartagena
,
and
Castellamara
.
than
it
had
been
for
many
Years
before
.
The
French
gained
5
Victories
by
Land
,
and
2
at
Sea
;
and
besides
,
they
made
themselves
Masters
of
10
or
12
places
of
no
small
Importance
.
But
this
prosperity
was
of
no
long
continuance
.
The
excessive
Ambition
and
Covetousness
,
the
Envy
and
Jealousies
which
reigned
among
the
Nobility
;
the
pretended
Zeal
of
some
of
the
French
Parliaments
,
encouraged
by
the
Favour
and
Acclamations
of
the
common
People
,
which
being
inveigled
with
the
hopes
of
an
abatement
of
the
heavy
Taxes
they
groaned
under
,
followed
blindfold
the
inclinations
of
their
Leaders
.
Add
to
this
the
want
of
Courage
in
the
Chief
Minister
,
which
induced
him
to
lay
hold
of
that
most
destructive
Maxim
of
State
;
To
prefer
only
such
as
he
dreaded
most
;
This
fatal
concourse
of
different
Interests
and
Passions
,
proved
the
source
of
such
divisions
and
intestine
Commotions
,
as
shook
the
very
foundation
of
the
French
Monarchy
.
Whilst
the
Kingdom
was
involved
in
these
Troubles
,
the
King's
Education
was
in
a
manner
neglected
by
those
to
who
's
Tuition
it
was
committed
,
who
made
it
their
chiefest
care
to
carry
the
young
King
from
one
Province
to
another
,
to
shew
him
to
his
People
,
in
hopes
to
restore
,
by
this
last
effort
,
the
decay'd
and
languishing
Authority
of
the
Government
,
and
by
his
Royal
Prefence
to
keep
them
in
Obedience
.
Notwithstanding
all
these
Obstacles
,
Happy
presages
of
his
Youth
.
the
King
began
to
give
most
evident
proofs
of
his
great
and
generous
Inclinations
;
for
when
he
was
scarce
twelve
years
of
Age
,
such
was
his
happy
Genius
,
that
there
appeared
a
discretion
and
reservedness
in
all
his
Actions
,
much
above
what
could
be
expected
from
so
tender
an
Age
,
shewing
not
the
least
inclination
to
those
things
which
are
the
ordinary
diversions
of
Children
,
but
an
uncommon
eagerness
to
be
instructed
in
all
manner
of
Exercises
,
and
a
singular
delight
in
hearing
the
relations
of
great
and
memorable
Exploits
.
These
were
the
chief
Entertainments
of
his
Youth
;
and
it
was
always
observed
,
that
if
any
thing
happened
to
be
related
to
him
,
that
was
either
above
the
common
rate
in
its
undertaking
,
or
surprising
in
its
event
,
there
appear'd
such
a
sprightliness
in
his
Eves
and
whole
Countenance
,
as
sufficiently
testified
his
desire
of
signalizing
himself
by
some
memorable
Action
.
Is
a
Spectator
of
the
Battle
of
St.
Anthony
,
July
2
,
1652.
Full
of
this
Noble
Idea
he
waited
with
impatience
for
the
time
which
might
furnish
him
with
an
opportunity
of
giving
real
demonstrations
of
his
great
Inclinations
;
and
he
was
not
quite
14
years
of
Age
,
when
knowing
that
his
Army
was
ready
to
engage
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
he
entreated
and
pressed
them
so
earnestly
,
that
to
satisfie
his
most
glorious
desire
,
they
were
obliged
to
place
him
on
a
certain
Eminence
where
he
could
be
a
Spectator
,
at
least
of
a
great
part
of
the
Engagement
.
Lewis
of
Bourbon
,
II
Prince
of
Conde
.
The
Prince
of
Conde
had
for
the
last
six
years
past
been
the
Hero
and
chief
Supporter
of
the
Royal
Party
;
It
was
he
that
had
gain'd
the
Battles
of
Rocroy
,
Fribourg
,
Nortlingen
,
and
Lentz
;
And
it
was
also
the
same
Prince
of
Conde
,
who
at
the
beginning
of
the
intestine
commotions
was
so
fortunate
,
or
rather
dextrous
,
as
to
block
up
the
City
of
Paris
with
7
or
8000
Men.
1649.
There
was
something
great
and
sublime
above
the
rest
of
Mankind
in
this
Prince
:
He
was
endowed
with
a
Courage
undaunted
in
the
midst
of
all
Dangers
;
His
skill
in
Martial
affairs
was
beyond
what
can
be
imagined
or
express'd
.
On
the
day
of
Battle
nothing
was
comparable
to
his
Conduct
,
either
in
choosing
the
advantage
of
the
Ground
,
or
ordering
and
disposing
his
Troops
in
order
of
Battle
,
or
retiring
and
sustaining
them
with
fresh
Forces
;
no
body
beyond
him
in
pushing
on
an
Attack
with
the
utmost
Vigour
,
and
in
the
heat
of
the
Engagement
to
possess
himself
of
an
advantageous
Post
,
and
to
change
the
disposition
of
his
Troops
according
to
the
various
accidents
and
revolutions
of
the
Battle
;
a
happy
conjunction
of
many
extraordinary
Qualities
,
if
those
great
Souls
,
elevated
above
the
common
Sphere
,
were
also
capable
of
moderation
.
His
aspiring
Genius
nourished
by
evil
Counsels
,
prompted
him
to
take
up
Arms
against
the
King
,
and
having
assembled
a
Body
of
Troops
,
after
several
marches
and
counter-marches
,
he
at
last
posted
himself
near
St.
Cloue
,
trusting
to
the
nearness
of
the
Bridge
,
which
might
serve
him
for
a
safe
retreat
,
to
avoid
an
engagement
,
in
case
he
should
be
attack'd
by
his
Enemies
,
who
were
superiour
in
number
to
him
.
The
two
Marshals
,
de
Turenne
,
and
de
la
Ferte
commanded
two
separate
Bodies
,
who
,
to
make
sure
work
,
intended
to
inclose
him
betwixt
their
two
Armies
,
which
the
Prince
having
soon
taken
notice
of
,
he
broke
up
from
St.
Cloue
with
an
intention
to
march
to
Charenton
,
and
to
entrench
himself
near
that
Bridge
,
where
,
by
the
nearness
of
the
two
Rivers
Seyne
and
Marne
,
it
would
be
impossible
to
force
his
Camp
.
The
shortest
way
was
to
march
thro'
Paris
,
but
fearing
least
his
Army
should
be
considerably
diminish'd
by
desertion
in
his
march
thro'
the
City
,
or
that
the
Citizens
might
deny
him
a
Passage
,
he
changed
his
resolution
,
and
ordered
his
Troops
to
march
round
about
as
near
the
Suburbs
as
possibly
could
be
.
He
marched
with
all
possible
speed
and
precaution
,
notwithstanding
which
,
Henry
de
la
Tour
d'Auvergne
,
Vicount
of
en
ne
.
the
Viscount
of
Turenne
having
got
timely
notice
of
it
,
followed
him
so
closely
,
that
after
some
hours
march
,
he
attack'd
him
in
the
Rear
,
and
obliged
him
to
come
to
an
Engagement
.
It
was
a
happy
chance
for
the
Prince
to
meet
with
some
old
Retrenchments
formerly
cast
up
at
the
entrance
of
the
Suburbs
of
St.
Anthony
,
behind
which
he
posted
his
Troops
to
make
head
against
the
approaching
Enemy
.
He
had
scarce
had
leifure
to
put
them
in
order
of
Battle
,
when
the
King's
Army
,
animated
by
his
Royal
Presence
,
attack'd
his
Entrenchments
with
incredible
bravery
.
As
the
King
was
at
that
time
not
much
above
13
years
of
Age
,
those
that
were
about
him
could
not
sufficiently
admire
with
what
greatness
of
Courage
,
and
without
shewing
the
least
symptoms
of
fear
he
was
an
Eye-witness
of
the
Engagement
.
It
was
the
greatest
pleasure
in
the
World
to
observe
the
various
changes
in
his
Countenance
,
the
effects
of
the
different
transports
and
motions
of
his
Soul
,
sometimes
leaping
for
joy
when
he
saw
his
Victorious
Troops
beat
back
those
of
the
Prince
,
sometimes
blushing
,
not
so
much
for
indignation
as
shame
,
when
the
Prince
forced
the
Royalists
to
retreat
.
As
in
Civil
Wars
both
parties
are
most
incensed
with
mutual
animosities
,
so
the
bravest
of
both
the
Armies
signalized
themselves
by
some
remarkable
Action
or
other
,
every
one
being
prodigal
of
his
Life
to
purchase
Honour
in
this
first
encounter
,
and
to
snatch
the
Victory
out
of
his
Enemy's
Hands
,
which
thus
remained
uncertain
for
some
time
,
till
after
a
bloody
Combat
of
two
hours
fortune
declared
for
the
King
,
whose
Troops
having
made
themselves
Masters
of
the
Entrenchments
,
marched
in
good
Order
thro'
the
great
Street
of
the
Suburbs
without
any
opposition
from
the
Prince
.
But
scarce
had
they
advanced
half
way
towards
the
City
,
when
on
a
sudden
they
saw
the
Prince
again
appear
at
the
head
of
his
bravest
Volunteers
,
and
other
chosen
Troops
,
who
charged
them
so
vigorously
,
that
they
forced
them
to
retreat
,
and
to
seek
for
shelter
in
the
same
Retrenchments
from
whence
they
had
so
lately
forced
their
Enemies
.
This
varions
chance
of
Fortune
changed
the
whole
face
of
the
Battle
,
and
it
was
very
difficult
to
judge
on
which
side
Victory
would
encline
,
both
parties
fighting
with
an
equal
animosity
and
bravery
,
till
the
Viscount
of
Turenne
being
reinforced
with
some
fresh
Troops
who
had
forced
their
way
thro'
some
other
Streets
into
the
Suburbs
,
enclosed
the
Prince
on
all
sides
,
who
must
have
been
Sacrificed
,
with
his
whole
Army
to
the
fury
of
his
Enemies
,
if
the
City
of
Paris
had
not
opened
its
Gates
for
his
Reception
,
and
by
the
help
of
the
great
Artillery
from
the
Bastile
,
forced
the
King's
Troops
out
of
the
Suburbs
.
The
Prince
of
Conde
had
upon
many
other
occasions
given
most
signal
proofs
of
his
Valour
and
Conduct
,
but
according
to
the
judgment
of
the
most
expert
Masters
of
the
Art
of
War
,
this
day
was
accounted
the
most
remarkable
and
most
glorious
of
his
Life
,
if
it
may
be
allowed
that
true
Glory
is
to
be
acquired
in
bearing
Arms
against
his
Sovereign
;
it
being
unquestionable
,
that
he
appear'd
and
encounter'd
his
Enemies
in
all
places
where
the
danger
was
most
pressing
,
and
that
he
shew'd
as
much
Prudence
and
Conduct
in
his
Command
,
as
Vigour
in
the
execution
of
them
.
The
Victorious
Viscount
of
Turenne
himself
seem'd
to
be
envious
of
the
extraordinary
Conduct
and
Courage
of
his
vanquish'd
Enemies
;
and
the
King
having
received
an
exact
relation
of
what
had
passed
,
could
not
forbear
to
speak
highly
in
praise
of
the
Prince
,
and
for
2
or
3
days
after
,
his
Valour
was
the
only
subject
of
his
discourse
,
an
evident
sign
that
from
his
infancy
he
had
a
most
passionate
inclination
for
Glory
,
and
a
most
fervent
desire
of
making
himself
remarkable
by
generous
Actions
.
He
goes
to
the
Camp
.
This
noble
Fire
daily
encreasing
in
his
Soul
,
it
was
in
vain
for
his
Friends
to
represent
to
him
,
on
one
side
,
the
fatigues
which
attend
the
Camp
,
and
on
the
other
side
,
the
absolute
necessity
there
was
to
manage
a
health
so
precious
as
his
,
to
the
best
advantage
;
all
these
arguments
were
not
prevailing
enough
to
keep
him
at
home
,
but
maugre
all
their
perswasions
to
the
contrary
,
he
appear'd
every
Year
in
the
Campaign
at
the
head
of
his
Armies
,
and
there
was
scarce
any
memorable
Siege
in
Flanders
till
the
Pyrenean
Peace
,
where
he
did
not
encourage
his
Troops
by
his
Presence
.
It
was
observable
,
that
whilst
he
was
in
the
Camp
,
he
show'd
more
gaiety
in
his
Countenance
and
all
his
Actions
,
than
he
did
in
any
other
place
.
He
used
to
rise
very
early
every
Morning
,
exposing
himself
to
the
injuries
of
all
Seasons
.
His
Soldiers
found
him
always
in
action
,
sometimes
in
taking
an
account
of
the
number
and
condition
of
his
Souldiery
,
as
well
as
of
the
posture
of
the
Enemy
;
to
be
short
,
he
took
upon
him
the
same
care
and
trouble
which
might
have
been
expected
from
the
most
watchful
General
,
being
never
satisfied
,
unless
he
received
a
most
exact
account
of
every
thing
of
moment
,
that
belonged
to
the
Camp
.
His
presence
wrought
marvellous
effects
among
the
French
Soldiers
,
who
being
before
in
great
disorder
for
want
of
good
Discipline
,
now
encouraged
by
the
good
Example
and
Vigilancy
of
their
Prince
,
began
to
improve
every
day
,
to
the
great
satisfaction
of
the
King
;
A
convincing
instance
that
when
Subjects
Love
and
Honour
their
Prince
,
his
Example
has
more
influence
over
them
,
than
the
most
severe
Laws
and
Chastisements
.
These
extraordinary
Actions
having
acquired
him
the
Esteem
and
Admiration
of
all
Europe
,
She
was
twice
in
France
,
in
1656
,
and
1657
,
and
returned
in
1658.
Queen
Christina
of
Sueden
,
who
was
at
that
time
at
the
Court
of
Rome
,
undertook
a
journey
into
France
,
to
be
an
Eye-witness
whether
Fame
had
not
flattered
this
young
Prince
in
those
matters
that
had
been
related
concerning
him
abroad
,
so
much
to
his
advantage
.
This
Heroine
,
Her
Father
died
in
1632
,
but
she
did
not
Reign
above
7
or
8
Years
.
the
only
Daughter
of
Gustavus
Adolphus
the
Famous
King
of
Sueden
,
who
,
in
two
Years
time
Conquer'd
above
200
Leagues
,
and
made
himself
by
his
Victorious
Arms
,
the
terror
of
his
Enemies
,
as
by
his
great
Genius
he
purchased
the
esteem
,
and
was
accounted
the
darling
of
his
Friends
.
This
Princess
,
I
say
,
had
sway'd
the
Scepter
for
7
or
8
Years
with
an
extraordinary
success
,
being
endowed
with
all
the
noble
Qualities
which
are
requisite
to
make
a
Great
Queen
;
she
had
a
most
piercing
Wit
,
a
Soul
elevated
above
the
common
Rank
,
and
a
great
share
of
Courage
.
As
she
was
a
great
Patroness
of
Learning
and
all
manner
of
Sciences
,
so
she
had
made
her self
Mistress
of
most
Languages
used
in
Europe
,
to
that
perfection
,
as
to
be
able
to
entertain
each
Foreigner
in
his
Native
Tongue
with
a
great
deal
of
Eloquence
.
These
advantages
joyn'd
to
the
great
ability
of
her
Ministers
of
State
,
The
Chancellour
Oxenstirn
,
and
Count
Magnes
de
la
Garde
.
gave
her
all
imaginable
hopes
of
being
always
belov'd
by
her
People
,
of
being
feared
by
her
Enemies
,
and
esteemed
by
all
the
World
;
so
that
she
seemed
not
to
stand
in
need
of
any
thing
that
could
compleat
her
satisfaction
;
notwithstanding
all
these
advantages
,
she
chose
rather
to
maintain
an
eminent
rank
among
the
Learned
of
our
Age
,
than
among
the
greatest
Kings
of
Europe
.
It
is
the
rarest
thing
in
the
World
,
and
perhaps
without
parallel
in
History
,
to
meet
in
a
Person
of
her
Sex
so
many
excellencies
,
which
the
greatest
Princes
have
always
been
ambitious
of
,
to
render
themselves
famous
to
Posterity
.
Weary
of
Commanding
,
she
had
quitted
the
Crown
,
not
out
of
a
fickle
or
froward
humour
,
as
it
has
been
spread
abroad
by
her
Enemies
,
or
because
the
Swedish
Senate
would
have
obliged
her
to
Marry
a
Prince
for
whom
she
had
no
inclination
;
but
because
she
preferred
her
own
liberty
before
the
toils
of
a
Crown
,
and
that
she
might
not
want
the
opportunity
of
taking
a
view
of
Europe
,
to
receive
the
tribute
of
Praises
and
Admiration
,
which
,
as
she
had
all
the
reason
in
the
World
to
believe
,
the
more
polite
sort
of
mankind
would
be
ready
to
pay
to
such
extraordinary
merits
.
After
her
Abdication
she
travelled
out
of
Sueden
into
Flanders
,
She
comes
into
France
to
give
the
King
a
Visit
.
from
thence
into
Germany
,
and
so
to
Rome
,
from
whence
the
great
reputation
of
our
young
King
had
brought
her
into
France
,
where
she
was
received
with
all
the
imaginable
demonstrations
of
Respect
,
the
King
thinking
no
Honour
too
great
for
so
excellent
a
Princess
.
There
was
nothing
to
be
seen
at
Court
but
Balls
and
Feasting
,
every
one
striving
to
out-vie
the
other
in
magnificence
,
in
which
,
as
well
as
in
his
Person
,
the
King
surpassed
all
the
rest
.
He
was
then
betwixt
nineteen
and
twenty
Years
of
Age
,
large
of
Stature
,
his
Mien
and
Physiognomy
carrying
along
with
it
something
extraordinary
and
great
,
with
all
the
true
marks
of
Honour
and
Vertue
,
there
appearing
in
his
Countenance
a
most
agreeable
mixture
of
Majesty
and
Sweetness
.
The
first
time
the
Queen
of
Sueden
came
in
his
Presence
she
had
her
Eyes
fix'd
upon
him
during
the
whole
Interview
;
and
she
had
so
extraordinary
an
esteem
ever
after
for
his
Person
,
that
even
after
her
return
to
Rome
,
she
could
not
forbear
to
speak
highly
in
his
praise
,
and
to
declare
to
all
that
came
to
see
her
,
that
she
thought
her self
amply
rewarded
for
the
trouble
of
her
journey
into
France
,
by
the
sight
of
that
Prince
,
and
that
his
merits
infinitely
surpassed
the
reputation
he
had
acquir'd
abroad
.
These
loud
acclamations
from
far
distant
Countries
,
were
received
in
France
with
the
more
satisfaction
,
the
more
the
King
was
belov'd
by
the
People
,
who
look'd
upon
these
his
noble
Qualities
,
as
so
many
pledges
and
happy
Presages
of
the
future
prosperity
of
his
Reign
.
But
as
the
hopes
of
the
whole
Kingdom
seem'd
to
be
center'd
in
his
Person
,
so
all
was
fill'd
with
confusion
when
soon
after
he
fell
so
dangerously
ill
,
He
falls
sick
at
Calais
,
July
1
,
1658.
June
25th
1658.
as
to
be
given
over
by
his
Physicians
.
After
the
taking
of
Dunkirk
,
which
he
enter'd
in
Triumph
,
he
stay'd
5
or
6
days
in
the
Fort
of
Mardick
,
which
being
a
small
place
,
and
at
that
time
so
full
of
Soldiers
,
that
they
wanted
both
convenient
Lodgings
and
other
Necessaries
,
most
of
them
were
sick
,
which
having
caused
an
Infection
,
it
was
represented
to
the
King
,
to
what
danger
he
exposed
his
Person
in
thus
tarrying
so
long
in
a
place
where
he
was
surrounded
on
all
sides
with
sick
Soldiers
;
but
notwithstanding
all
these
Remonstrances
,
he
would
not
retire
from
thence
till
he
had
given
the
necessary
Orders
,
according
to
his
first
intention
.
From
thence
he
went
to
Calais
,
where
he
had
scarce
been
a
few
Hours
,
but
he
began
to
feel
the
direful
effects
of
the
contagious
Air
,
which
,
as
it
was
believed
,
he
had
taken
at
Mardick
.
To
be
short
,
he
was
seized
with
a
most
dangerous
Feaver
,
which
he
striving
to
conceal
the
first
two
days
,
he
was
on
the
fourth
day
judg'd
to
be
past
remedy
.
It
is
impossible
to
find
Words
suitable
to
the
Grief
that
appear'd
not
only
in
the
whole
Court
,
but
in
the
Countenance
of
the
People
;
neither
ought
the
Tears
which
were
shed
so
plentifully
upon
this
occasion
,
to
be
looked
upon
as
the
effects
of
a
feigned
Zeal
,
as
it
often
happens
on
such
like
occasions
in
some
Countries
,
where
the
Subjects
are
forced
to
appear
far
different
from
what
they
are
,
and
hide
their
satisfaction
under
the
mask
of
a
pretended
grief
;
no
,
these
were
the
true
Interpreters
of
their
Hearts
,
every
one
being
in
fear
of
losing
so
good
a
King
and
Master
.
The
Queen
Mother
who
loved
him
most
tenderly
,
and
who
saw
her self
in
danger
of
losing
her
main
support
,
did
not
stir
from
his
Bed
side
day
or
night
.
In
the
height
of
his
illness
he
would
several
times
endeavour
to
comfort
her
,
but
this
tenderness
of
the
Son
only
served
to
make
more
lively
impressions
of
sorrow
in
the
Mother
.
Some
at
Court
having
heard
much
discourse
of
a
certain
famous
Physician
then
living
at
Abbeville
,
he
was
sent
for
.
After
he
had
examined
the
King's
Distemper
,
he
told
them
,
that
in
the
condition
he
was
at
present
,
nothing
but
an
Emetick
could
save
his
Life
.
The
Word
Emetick
made
them
all
tremble
for
fear
,
this
Remedy
in
those
days
being
looked
upon
as
new
and
not
well
approved
of
,
and
consequently
consider'd
as
extreamly
dangerous
,
which
made
it
to
be
debated
for
a
considerable
time
,
whether
it
was
fit
to
be
given
to
the
King
or
not
,
especially
since
his
Physicians
,
jealous
of
him
that
had
prescribed
the
Remedy
,
opposed
it
with
all
their
might
.
But
the
King
having
absolutely
resign'd
himself
to
the
disposal
of
God
Almighty
,
expected
with
an
extraordinary
composure
of
mind
the
issue
of
his
Distemper
,
without
the
least
signs
of
being
dissatisfied
with
his
destiny
,
which
was
likely
to
snatch
him
away
in
the
very
flower
of
his
Age.
Before
he
took
the
Vomit
he
order'd
all
the
chief
Men
of
his
Court
to
be
admitted
into
his
Bed-Chamber
,
where
having
with
a
composed
and
undaunted
Countenance
taking
his
last
farewel
of
them
,
he
asked
for
the
Glass
which
contained
the
Emetick
,
and
took
off
the
whole
Dose
at
one
Draught
.
After
two
Hours
the
Emetick
.
began
to
work
so
successfully
,
and
to
evacuate
such
a
quantity
of
the
Morbifick
matter
,
that
there
began
to
be
some
hopes
of
his
recovery
.
And
the
King
having
taken
another
Dose
which
performed
its
Operation
with
better
success
than
before
,
he
was
judged
to
be
past
danger
,
to
the
infinite
satisfaction
of
the
whole
Kingdom
;
the
rejoycings
made
upon
this
occasion
,
being
in
all
Respects
answerable
to
the
Affliction
caused
by
his
illness
;
for
,
besides
that
the
French
have
naturally
a
most
profound
veneration
for
their
Kings
,
the
generality
of
his
Subjects
had
conceived
such
an
extraordinary
esteem
of
his
noble
Qualities
,
that
it
is
impossible
to
express
the
Affection
they
bore
to
his
Person
.
After
his
recovery
it
was
judged
advisable
to
chuse
a
Consort
;
hitherto
the
Queen-Mother
for
some
particular
Reasons
would
never
consent
to
his
Marriage
;
but
the
whole
Court
having
taken
the
Alarm
at
his
late
illness
,
it
was
resolved
on
as
a
thing
absolutely
necessary
for
the
prosperity
of
the
Realm
.
The
Queen
,
who
was
altogether
in
the
Interest
of
her
Family
,
had
a
great
desire
that
the
King
should
marry
her
Niece
the
Infanta
of
Spain
,
in
hopes
that
a
good
Correspondene
and
firm
Union
might
be
re-established
betwixt
these
two
Crowns
.
The
match
was
proposed
to
Don
Antonio
de
Pimentel
,
who
pass'd
thro'
Paris
as
he
was
going
to
Madrid
,
after
his
return
from
his
Embassy
in
Sueden
;
but
this
proposition
met
with
much
more
difficulty
on
the
Spaniard's
side
,
than
had
been
foreseen
by
the
Queen
.
For
the
Infanta
being
an
Heiress
,
the
Spaniards
feared
not
without
Reason
,
that
if
her
Father
should
happen
to
die
without
Male
issue
,
their
Monarchy
would
be
swallowed
up
in
the
French
,
and
that
all
those
Kingdoms
which
compose
the
Spanish
Empire
,
might
,
by
this
Marriage
,
in
time
,
become
Provinces
of
France
.
The
rest
of
Europe
being
possess'd
with
the
same
fear
,
lest
by
the
Union
of
these
two
most
Potent
Empires
,
they
should
scarce
be
able
to
withstand
their
joynt
Forces
;
all
the
other
Princes
,
by
improving
the
jealousie
of
the
Spaniards
,
secretly
employ'd
all
their
Interest
to
thwart
this
Marriage
.
The
Queen
,
to
remove
all
Obstables
,
offered
that
the
King
should
Solemnly
renounce
the
Succession
to
Spain
,
but
the
Spaniards
could
not
swallow
the
bait
,
being
well
satisfied
,
that
it
was
in
his
power
to
Absolve
himself
whenever
he
thought
fit
,
of
so
unjust
and
forced
a
Renunciation
;
besides
that
it
was
not
in
his
power
to
dispose
of
the
Inheritance
of
such
Children
as
should
be
begotten
betwixt
them
;
And
lastly
,
considering
that
Princes
generally
measure
the
Justice
of
their
Pretentions
by
the
length
of
the
Sword
,
they
look'd
upon
this
precaution
as
frivolous
and
of
no
effect
.
These
considerations
made
the
Success
of
this
Marriage
very
dubious
,
which
hung
thus
in
suspence
for
two
Years
,
till
at
last
it
began
to
be
discoursed
at
Court
,
that
the
King
was
to
Marry
the
Princess
of
Savoy
,
whose
Picture
being
presented
to
him
,
he
took
such
liking
to
it
;
that
he
resolv'd
to
take
a
journey
to
Lyons
,
to
see
her
in
Person
.
The
Queen
was
overjoy'd
at
this
Journey
,
in
hopes
that
her
Brother
would
once
more
consider
of
the
matter
,
and
when
he
found
himself
in
danger
of
missing
this
opportunity
,
to
shew
henceforward
as
much
inclination
for
the
match
as
he
had
been
opposite
to
it
before
.
Neither
did
she
find
her self
frustrated
in
her
hopes
,
her
wish
being
accomplished
when
she
expected
it
least
.
The
Spaniards
had
during
this
War
,
which
lasted
four
and
twenty
Years
,
sustained
great
losses
,
they
had
been
vanquished
in
six
Field
Fights
,
and
three
Sea
Engagements
;
besides
,
that
they
had
lost
above
fifty
places
of
note
,
and
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Portugal
;
not
to
mention
our
Conquests
in
Germany
,
and
those
of
our
Allies
,
together
with
the
many
Encounters
,
in
most
of
which
they
had
been
miserably
beaten
.
By
these
so
terrible
and
frequent
misfortunes
,
the
Spanish
Monarchy
was
reduced
to
so
low
an
ebb
,
that
to
recover
its
strength
,
it
stood
in
absolute
need
of
a
Peace
;
and
the
People
of
Spain
being
quite
exhausted
,
cry'd
aloud
for
it
,
and
in
terms
so
pressing
,
that
the
Council
of
Spain
being
cured
of
its
former
Repugnancy
,
He
Marries
the
Infanta
Maria
Theresia
,
Eldest
Daughter
,
to
Philip
IV.
King
of
Spain
.
thought
it
most
advisable
to
send
an
Ambassador
to
offer
the
Infanta
in
Marriage
to
the
King
.
It
must
be
confess'd
,
that
none
of
these
Obstacles
which
had
hitherto
retarded
the
Marriage
,
were
remov'd
;
but
,
it
seems
,
the
present
Exigency
was
judged
more
urgent
than
the
danger
that
was
to
come
;
or
perhaps
,
the
Spaniards
had
raised
these
difficulties
,
only
with
an
Intention
to
try
,
whether
thereby
they
might
obtain
the
better
conditions
of
Peace
.
The
Queen
was
so
desirous
of
this
Match
,
that
it
was
easie
to
read
the
satisfaction
she
received
by
the
Arrival
of
the
Spanish
Ambassador
Pimentel
with
the
Propositions
,
in
her
Face
;
the
Articles
were
very
near
the
same
which
had
been
proposed
by
our
Court
,
and
every
thing
being
thus
agreed
,
to
the
mutual
satisfaction
of
both
Parties
,
it
was
judged
convenient
,
that
the
Cardinal
,
and
Don
Lewis
de
Haro
,
the
Chief
Ministers
of
State
of
both
Crowns
,
should
have
an
interview
upon
the
Frontiers
,
to
put
the
finishing
stroak
to
this
great
Work
.
The
Treaties
being
signed
on
both
sides
,
Interview
of
the
French
and
Spanish
Courts
.
the
French
Court
took
a
Progress
to
St.
John
de
Luz
,
to
meet
the
Infanta
.
The
King
her
Father
had
conducted
her
thither
in
Person
,
partly
to
pay
the
more
respect
to
our
King
,
and
partly
to
take
this
opportunity
to
see
the
Queen
his
Sister
.
Nothing
can
be
imagined
more
magnificent
than
this
interview
.
Where-ever
you
turn'd
your
Eyes
,
June
6
,
1660.
there
was
nothing
to
be
seen
but
the
Pomp
and
Lustre
of
Precious
Stones
,
Gold
,
and
Silver
;
every
one
there
present
striving
to
out-do
the
other
in
richness
and
magnificent
Apparel
,
with
this
remarkable
difference
,
however
,
that
the
behaviour
of
the
Spaniards
appear'd
far
short
from
what
was
to
be
observed
in
our
Court.
The
Politicians
,
who
are
not
so
soon
dazled
with
the
outward
Lustre
of
Things
,
which
are
only
invented
to
blind
the
Eyes
of
the
Common
People
,
made
certain
Remarks
at
that
time
,
upon
the
appearance
of
these
two
Courts
,
from
whence
they
drew
certain
Presages
,
and
erected
the
Horoscope
of
both
the
Empires
.
Our
King
was
then
about
one
and
twenty
years
of
Age
,
of
a
vigorous
Constitution
,
Active
,
Vigilant
,
all
his
Designs
tending
to
Glorious
Actions
,
whose
principal
care
was
,
to
be
always
engaged
in
Affairs
of
State
;
his
Court
was
composed
of
Men
of
the
first
Rank
,
not
inferiour
to
any
in
Europe
,
either
at
the
head
of
an
Army
,
or
to
manage
the
secrets
of
the
Cabinet
;
besides
which
;
there
was
among
all
these
Princes
and
other
Persons
of
Quality
not
one
,
but
what
made
it
his
chief
Ambition
to
serve
him
to
the
utmost
of
his
Power
,
and
to
sacrifice
his
Life
for
the
Glory
of
his
King
,
and
the
welfare
of
his
Country
.
This
Noble
Emulation
was
the
happy
fore-runner
of
all
the
brave
Actions
,
performed
afterwards
under
the
Conduct
of
so
great
a
King
,
the
more
because
France
being
a
Kingdom
abounding
in
Riches
and
all
other
Things
:
Two
Years
Peace
seem'd
to
be
sufficient
to
repair
its
losses
,
and
to
make
it
more
flourishing
than
before
.
On
the
contrary
,
in
the
Spanish
Court
,
there
was
not
the
same
appearance
of
Prosperity
,
but
only
the
slender
remainders
of
a
State
,
that
once
,
when
in
its
Splendour
,
had
made
so
great
a
noise
in
the
World
.
Their
King
was
advanced
in
Years
,
minding
nothing
so
much
as
his
rest
.
Most
of
the
Grandees
had
scarce
been
without
the
compass
of
the
City
of
Madrid
,
and
were
so
fond
of
their
own
Interests
,
as
to
look
with
a
very
indifferent
Eye
upon
that
of
the
Publick
.
His
Treasury
was
exhausted
,
and
the
Kingdom
destitute
both
of
good
Troops
,
and
expert
Generals
;
at
least
they
had
very
few
who
had
acquir'd
any
great
Reputation
abroad
,
since
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
who
by
his
Valour
and
Conduct
,
had
,
for
seven
or
eight
Years
upheld
the
tottering
Fortune
of
that
Crown
,
was
return'd
to
his
Duty
,
and
came
into
France
with
all
those
brave
French
Volunteers
of
his
Party
.
Without
calling
to
aid
the
assistance
of
the
Stars
,
it
was
no
very
difficult
task
to
foretel
,
in
making
a
due
comparison
betwixt
these
two
Crowns
,
that
one
in
all
likelihood
,
would
lay
the
foundation
of
her
greatness
upon
the
ruins
of
the
other
.
After
the
Marriage
of
the
King
with
the
Infanta
,
At
St.
John
de
Luz
,
June
9th
,
1660.
every
thing
was
prepairing
for
our
return
to
Paris
.
All
along
the
Road
she
was
received
by
the
King's
Order
with
all
the
demonstrations
of
Honour
and
Respect
;
but
the
Triumphs
in
the
Provinces
thro'
which
they
passed
,
were
only
the
fore-runners
of
what
they
were
to
see
in
the
City
of
Paris
,
where
every
thing
was
prepar'd
with
an
incredible
Magnificence
,
for
the
reception
of
their
new
Queen
,
thereby
to
raise
in
her
,
at
the
beginning
of
her
Reign
,
a
high
esteem
of
the
Power
and
Riches
of
a
Kingdom
,
which
a
Foreign
War
of
thirty
Years
,
and
the
Intestine
broils
of
six
Years
,
had
not
been
able
to
drain
of
its
Wealth
.
The
King
and
Queen
make
their
Entry
in
Paris
Aug.
26
,
1660.
Since
the
first
beginning
of
this
Monarchy
there
never
appear'd
a
more
glorious
day
in
France
.
The
Streets
thro'
which
they
passed
were
covered
with
rich
Tapestries
,
the
Gates
adorned
with
Greens
and
Flowers
,
the
Windows
and
Balconies
on
both
sides
with
the
finest
Carpets
;
in
the
Squares
and
Market-places
were
erected
Triumphal
Arches
beautified
,
with
Statues
and
Paintings
,
not
inferiour
to
what
the
old
Rome
could
have
produced
,
when
at
the
highest
pitch
of
its
Glory
.
Besides
this
,
there
was
an
incredible
number
of
people
flock'd
hither
from
all
parts
of
Europe
,
ranged
on
both
sides
of
the
Streets
,
upon
the
Scaffolds
that
were
built
for
that
purpose
before
the
Houses
,
all
which
together
made
up
so
glorious
a
Show
,
as
is
easier
to
be
imagined
than
described
:
All
the
Princes
and
other
persons
of
Quality
had
spared
no
cost
,
not
only
in
their
own
Apparrel
,
but
also
in
their
Equipages
and
Servants
,
to
the
highest
degree
of
profusion
.
The
Queen
appear'd
in
a
Chariot
,
the
King
with
all
the
Lords
of
his
Court
on
Horseback
,
in
an
Equipage
so
magnificent
,
that
nothing
was
ever
seen
or
heard
of
which
bore
the
least
comparison
to
this
glorious
Cavalcade
.
It
was
computed
that
the
Charges
bestowed
on
this
occasion
by
particular
Persons
,
amounted
to
ten
Millions
of
Livres
,
every
one
striving
to
raise
his
Fortune
,
by
giving
the
King
the
most
ample
Proofs
of
their
Zeal
for
his
Honour
and
Service
.
They
were
at
a
great
distance
met
by
the
Acclamations
of
the
People
,
who
wished
the
King
a
long
and
prosperous
Reign
.
As
they
passed
thro'
the
Streets
,
the
Eyes
of
all
the
Spectators
were
fix'd
upon
him
,
so
that
it
might
be
truly
said
,
they
had
no
Eyes
but
for
him
;
and
scarce
had
he
pass'd
by
in
one
place
,
but
the
People
run
round
about
to
meet
him
again
,
and
to
see
him
as
often
as
possibly
they
could
.
Others
may
boast
what
they
will
of
Honours
,
these
Superficial
Ceremonies
cannot
come
in
the
least
in
competition
with
those
hearty
wishes
and
vows
which
the
People
sent
after
him
as
he
passed
thro'
the
City
;
it
being
certain
,
that
every
one
had
so
a
real
esteem
and
affection
for
his
Person
,
being
prepossess'd
with
this
opinion
,
That
one
day
he
would
be
one
of
the
greatest
Princes
that
ever
mounted
the
French
Throne
.
Neither
was
it
long
before
they
were
sufficiently
convinc'd
,
that
they
had
not
been
unfortunate
in
their
guess
,
when
the
King
began
to
take
the
Reins
of
the
Government
into
his
own
Hands
,
and
to
manage
the
State
Affairs
by
his
own
Conduct
,
after
the
Death
of
Cardinal
Mazarin
,
who
did
not
survive
the
conclusion
of
the
Peace
longer
than
ten
Months
.
This
great
Minister
of
State
died
when
he
was
risen
to
the
Pinacle
of
his
Glory
;
Cardinal
Mazarin
died
March
9
,
1661.
happy
in
that
he
had
Triumph'd
both
over
his
own
,
and
the
Enemies
of
the
State
;
and
more
happy
still
,
in
that
he
had
forced
the
first
to
acknowledge
his
great
Deserts
,
and
the
others
to
restore
Peace
to
the
Kingdom
,
in
a
manner
as
glorious
to
himself
,
as
it
was
beneficial
to
the
State
.
AN
ESSAY
UPON
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
REIGN
OF
LEWIS
the
GREAT
.
LIB
.
II.
BY
the
Death
of
the
Cardinal
Things
were
left
in
such
confusion
,
that
,
The
King
takes
the
Administration
of
the
Government
into
his
own
Hands
.
notwithstanding
the
extraordinary
Idea
the
people
had
conceived
of
the
King
's
great
Ability
,
they
cou'd
scarce
imagine
,
that
a
Prince
then
hardly
two
and
twenty
years
old
,
would
venture
to
take
upon
himself
so
heavy
a
burthen
,
or
if
he
did
,
it
would
scarce
be
possible
for
him
to
bear
it
;
but
they
were
soon
convinc'd
of
their
mistake
;
for
the
King
,
in
four
or
five
Years
time
setled
the
Government
upon
so
firm
a
Basis
,
that
for
above
these
thirty
Years
past
,
he
has
govern'd
the
Kingdom
in
great
Tranquility
,
without
the
assistance
of
a
Chief
Minister
,
has
been
Victorious
over
his
Enemies
,
and
restored
Prosperity
to
the
Kingdom
;
a
convincing
instance
,
that
a
Man
may
sometimes
be
Master
of
his
own
Fortune
;
at
least
,
thus
much
is
certain
,
that
Fortune
will
not
be
of
long
continuance
,
if
not
upheld
and
managed
by
a
dextrous
Hand
.
The
first
thing
he
did
was
to
regulate
his
time
,
and
to
prescribe
himself
certain
Rules
and
Maxims
of
State
,
gathered
partly
from
the
most
famous
Princes
in
former
Ages
,
partly
from
the
Advice
of
the
most
quick-sighted
of
his
Council
.
He
was
so
far
from
being
check'd
in
his
Glorious
designs
,
by
the
fatigues
that
must
needs
attend
the
management
of
publick
Affairs
,
that
on
the
contrary
,
these
served
only
for
a
better
relish
of
the
Enjoyment
of
his
Pleasures
:
There
was
never
a
day
but
he
imployed
five
or
six
Hours
with
his
Ministers
,
who
were
to
give
him
an
exact
account
of
every
particular
transaction
that
passed
in
the
Government
.
He
gave
constantly
once
or
twice
a
Week
Audience
to
every
Body
,
was
present
at
all
the
Councils
,
and
if
any
thing
of
great
moment
was
to
be
debated
there
,
he
would
retire
into
his
Closet
,
to
ruminate
so
long
upon
the
matter
,
till
he
had
chosen
what
he
judged
most
advisable
to
be
done
.
But
notwithstanding
his
constant
application
to
business
,
it
is
not
to
be
imagined
,
His
Divertisements
.
that
he
renounced
the
enjoyment
of
his
pleasures
:
The
heavier
the
burthen
of
publick
Affairs
laid
upon
his
Shoulders
,
the
more
requisite
it
was
,
to
be
relieved
by
some
pleasant
intervals
.
The
strength
both
of
our
Spirit
and
Body
is
not
inexhaustible
,
but
limitted
within
certain
bounds
,
which
if
transgressed
,
leave
us
destitute
and
void
of
Vigour
.
At
the
beginning
of
his
Reign
there
were
always
Rejoycings
,
Feastings
,
Balls
,
Carousels
,
and
Running
at
the
Ring
at
Court
;
this
young
Prince
taking
an
extraordinary
delight
to
pass
his
spare
time
in
such
noble
Exercises
and
Divertisements
,
as
have
been
always
accounted
to
belong
to
Princes
,
to
dazle
the
Eyes
of
the
People
who
are
extreamly
taken
with
these
Things
,
and
commonly
judge
of
the
Power
of
the
Prince
,
by
these
outward
appearances
of
Grandeur
.
Never
any
Prince
understood
better
how
to
manage
this
point
to
his
own
Advantage
,
and
how
to
make
the
Lusre
of
the
Throne
appear
more
Glorious
in
the
Eyes
of
the
People
.
It
must
be
confess'd
,
that
his
Court
has
always
been
the
publick
School
of
Politeness
and
Magnificence
,
notwithstanding
which
,
as
his
chief
delight
has
been
all
his
life
time
,
in
managing
his
glorious
Designs
,
in
order
to
bring
them
to
a
happy
issue
,
so
his
Divertisements
were
never
enticeing
enough
to
him
,
to
make
him
neglect
the
management
of
Publick
Affairs
:
And
,
as
young
as
he
was
,
when
he
took
the
Administration
of
the
Government
into
his
own
Hands
,
he
shew'd
as
much
Eagerness
and
Assiduity
,
in
Reforming
the
Disorders
that
were
crept
into
the
Government
,
as
he
did
for
his
Pleasures
.
Happy
Prince
!
who
remains
Master
of
his
Pleasures
,
who
is
not
so
intoxicated
with
his
Diversions
,
but
that
he
can
make
use
of
,
and
leave
them
,
whenever
he
pleases
!
He
who
makes
himself
a
Slave
to
his
Pleasures
,
in
lieu
of
enjoying
those
honourable
Recreations
which
were
invented
for
the
Relaxation
of
our
Minds
and
Bodies
,
finds
himself
insensibly
entangl'd
by
a
Charm
sufficient
to
corrupt
all
his
generous
Inclinations
.
Among
other
Abuses
that
were
crept
into
the
Government
,
He
re-establishes
good
Order
in
the
Treasury
.
the
Mis-management
of
the
King's
Revenues
,
as
it
was
most
likely
to
draw
after
it
very
fatal
Consequences
,
so
it
wanted
a
speedy
Redress
;
these
being
the
Nerves
of
the
State
,
which
,
if
defective
in
their
Function
,
the
whole
Body
remains
without
Motion
,
and
Vigour
.
There
had
been
,
for
fifteen
or
sixteen
Years
last
past
,
prodigious
Summs
rais'd
in
the
Kingdom
;
notwithstanding
which
,
the
Government
was
over-charg'd
with
Debts
,
the
People
exhausted
with
Taxes
,
the
King's
Revenues
anticipated
,
there
being
but
a
slender
Share
left
for
his
present
Use
:
Besides
,
that
he
ow'd
to
the
Bankers
above
Thirty
Millions
of
Livres
.
It
must
be
confess'd
,
that
besides
the
ordinary
Charges
,
there
had
been
an
absolute
Necessity
of
keeping
five
Armies
on
foot
at
a
time
;
and
the
Civil
War
requir'd
more
than
ordinary
Charges
,
to
satisfie
the
greediness
of
the
Great
ones
,
who
for
the
greatest
part
put
their
Services
and
Interests
to
sale
to
those
that
bid
most
.
This
was
nevertheless
not
the
Principal
cause
of
these
Disorders
;
the
true
source
of
this
evil
was
to
be
look'd
for
among
the
Managers
and
Farmers
of
the
King's
Revenues
,
who
,
keeping
the
rest
from
the
knowledge
of
the
true
value
of
them
,
Farmed
them
at
half
or
a
fourth
part
of
what
they
were
worth
;
besides
that
,
if
they
were
to
advance
any
Money
before
it
was
due
,
to
supply
the
present
Exigency
of
the
State
,
they
were
sure
to
make
their
own
Market
,
at
so
dear
a
Rate
,
that
it
has
been
computed
,
that
sometimes
out
of
a
Million
of
Livres
of
the
King
's
ordinary
Revenue
,
there
was
not
brought
above
two
or
three
hundred
thousand
into
the
Exchequer
.
These
Extortions
had
been
constantly
practised
against
the
King
during
his
Minority
,
partly
by
the
connivence
of
those
who
had
the
management
of
it
,
and
consequently
a
share
in
the
Booty
,
partly
by
the
pressing
necessity
of
the
State
,
at
a
time
,
when
standing
daily
in
need
of
the
assistance
of
Monied
Men
,
it
was
not
judged
seasonable
to
dive
too
far
into
this
Mystery
of
iniquity
,
till
after
the
Peace
,
when
there
might
be
sufficient
opportunity
to
remedy
these
abuses
.
But
the
Sur
Intendant
,
or
Overseer-General
of
the
King's
Revenues
was
more
mindful
of
his
own
pleasures
than
this
trust
.
Yet
was
not
this
the
only
cause
of
those
Disasters
which
befel
him
afterwards
;
there
were
several
other
matters
of
complaint
,
of
the
greatest
consequence
,
exhibited
against
him
,
which
deserved
severe
Punishment
,
for
he
had
caused
a
Seat
beloning
to
him
to
be
Fortified
,
without
having
demanded
or
obtained
leave
for
so
doing
;
and
by
the
profusion
of
great
Sums
,
made
himself
Friends
,
and
enter'd
into
Cabals
to
avoid
punishment
.
But
the
King
being
resolv'd
to
strike
at
the
root
of
the
Evil
,
caused
him
to
be
taken
up
and
examined
concerning
such
matters
as
were
alledged
against
him
,
whereof
he
was
found
guilty
by
his
Judges
.
This
bold
stroke
managed
with
so
much
Prudence
,
kept
all
the
rest
in
awe
;
the
Cabal
vanish'd
insensibly
,
and
notwithstanding
the
vast
sums
the
Sur
Intendant
had
bestowed
among
the
Great
ones
,
there
was
not
one
that
durst
appear
in
his
behalf
.
A
convincing
instance
,
that
a
Confederacy
founded
barely
upon
interest
,
is
soon
dissolved
,
when
the
Wheel
of
Fortune
changes
,
and
takes
away
the
prospect
of
future
Advantages
.
The
King
having
restor'd
Tranquility
to
the
Kingdom
,
and
being
resolv'd
to
introduce
an
absolute
Reformation
in
the
Treasury
,
chose
for
the
management
of
his
Revenues
,
a
Person
well
versed
in
business
of
this
nature
,
of
an
active
Genius
,
John
Baptist
Colbert
Secretary
of
State
,
Controuller-General
of
the
Exchequer
,
Chief
Surveyor
of
the
King's
Buildings
,
and
Manufacturies
.
exact
in
his
Accounts
,
and
a
Man
of
an
unshaken
Resolution
,
to
do
Juftice
without
Partiality
,
and
immoveable
to
any
thing
that
might
in
the
least
turn
to
the
disadvantage
of
the
State
.
The
Person
I
speak
of
,
was
John
Baptist
Colbert
,
afterwards
Minister
and
Secretary
of
State
,
a
Man
of
an
extraordinary
Head-piece
,
and
who
had
such
an
insight
into
the
management
of
publick
Affairs
,
that
he
gave
innumerable
Proofs
of
his
great
Capacity
,
whilst
he
sat
at
the
Helm
.
For
,
by
the
Conduct
and
indefatigable
Care
of
this
Minister
,
Matters
soon
appear'd
with
quite
another
Face
in
the
King's
Treasury
:
The
Revenues
of
the
Crown
were
Let
to
Farm
,
according
to
their
true
Value
,
without
any
respect
to
Favour
or
Interest
:
The
Salaries
of
the
Officers
were
setled
at
a
certain
Rate
:
Instead
of
those
Officers
,
who
,
during
the
late
Troublesome
Times
,
had
abused
their
Commissions
;
and
,
under
the
pretext
of
their
Titles
,
pillaged
the
Country
,
and
enriched
themselves
with
the
Spoils
of
the
People
,
certain
Commissioners
were
appointed
,
to
manage
all
Affairs
of
moment
.
A
Change
so
sudden
,
and
unexpected
,
appear'd
like
an
Enchantment
to
the
People
,
who
were
afraid
that
many
Years
could
not
redress
an
Evil
which
had
taken
so
firm
Root
among
the
Courtiers
;
so
that
,
by
making
due
Reflections
upon
the
Times
past
,
and
comparing
them
with
the
present
State
of
Affairs
,
they
fansy'd
themselves
to
be
transplanted
into
another
Kingdom
.
The
King's
Treasury
was
,
at
once
,
stor'd
with
Money
;
and
a
just
Account
being
made
of
the
Extorsions
and
Frauds
committed
by
the
Managers
of
the
Revenue
,
it
was
found
,
that
,
instead
of
the
King
's
being
indebted
to
the
Bankers
and
Receivers
,
they
ow'd
him
vast
Sums
.
Their
prodigious
Riches
,
and
most
magnificent
Palaces
,
which
they
had
built
in
all
Parts
of
France
;
the
Richness
of
their
Furnitures
;
the
Extravagancy
and
Profuseness
which
were
daily
to
be
seen
in
their
Houses
,
and
at
their
Tables
;
not
to
speak
of
many
other
Things
,
which
being
so
many
Monuments
of
their
Pride
and
Luxury
,
appear'd
as
so
many
Witnesses
against
them
,
were
,
without
question
,
more
than
sufficient
to
convict
these
People
(
born
,
for
the
most
part
,
to
no
Fortune
)
of
Extorsions
and
Depredations
.
But
the
King
being
resolv'd
to
proceed
against
them
in
a
Legal
Way
,
In
December
,
1661.
a
Court
of
Justice
was
established
by
his
Order
,
composed
of
certain
Judges
chosen
out
of
the
several
Parliaments
of
France
,
who
were
to
take
Cognizance
of
all
the
Abuses
committed
in
the
Management
of
the
King's
Revenues
;
and
to
punish
the
Guilty
,
according
to
the
Heinousness
of
their
Crimes
.
Whilst
they
were
busie
in
putting
their
Commission
in
Execution
,
there
happen'd
an
unforeseen
Accident
,
which
had
been
likely
to
have
proved
the
Source
of
a
most
cruel
War
;
the
Matter
in
question
being
,
not
about
the
Possession
of
some
Towns
or
Provinces
,
but
how
to
defend
the
most
antient
Prerogative
of
the
French
Crown
,
attacked
by
the
Spaniards
,
Precedency
of
the
French
Crown
.
in
its
most
sensible
Part.
The
finest
Flower
belonging
to
the
French
Crown
,
is
,
the
Precedency
it
enjoys
above
all
the
others
:
There
is
no
Kingdom
which
surpasses
it
in
Riches
,
Power
,
and
Number
of
People
;
and
,
in
making
a
due
Comparison
,
it
is
evident
,
that
the
great
Actions
of
all
the
other
Kingdoms
,
join'd
together
,
can
scarce
come
in
Competition
with
the
glorious
Exploits
of
the
French
.
For
these
Thirteen
Ages
last
past
,
since
the
first
Foundation
of
this
glorious
Monarchy
,
the
Sceptre
has
never
been
devolved
or
surrender'd
into
the
Hands
of
any
Stranger
:
And
such
have
been
the
Exploits
performed
by
the
French
Nation
,
in
behalf
of
the
True
Religion
,
and
maintaining
the
Liberty
of
Europe
,
that
Time
will
never
be
able
to
blot
out
the
Memory
of
such
glorious
Actions
,
nor
the
Praise
and
Acknowledgment
due
to
such
important
Services
.
Who
knows
,
but
that
all
Europe
might
,
at
this
Day
,
have
groaned
under
the
Yoke
of
the
Califfs
and
Mahometans
,
if
the
Bravery
of
the
French
had
not
set
Bounds
to
their
Conquering
Arms
,
and
put
a
Stop
to
the
Moors
and
Mahometans
,
who
,
like
a
violent
Torrent
,
were
over-running
the
best
part
of
Europe
,
when
Charles
Martel
put
them
to
an
entire
Rout.
France
has
,
at
all
Times
,
been
the
Sanctuary
,
and
Place
of
Refuge
for
distressed
Princes
;
but
especially
for
the
Popes
,
who
are
beholden
to
the
Liberality
of
Pepin
,
and
Charles
the
Great
,
for
all
those
vast
Possessions
,
of
which
they
are
Sovereigns
,
in
Italy
.
Charles
the
Great
and
Francis
I.
revived
Learning
in
Europe
.
It
is
to
France
that
all
the
Western
Parts
stand
indebted
,
in
respect
of
the
most
useful
Arts
and
Sciences
;
which
being
bury'd
under
the
Ruins
of
Old
Rome
,
were
revived
by
their
Industry
and
Care
.
These
,
The
Croisades
,
and
Conquest
of
Constantinople
.
as
well
as
many
other
glorious
Actions
,
which
have
render'd
this
Kingdom
one
of
the
most
famous
in
the
World
,
were
the
true
Motives
which
,
Time
out
of
Mind
,
had
put
this
Crown
in
possession
of
that
glorious
Prerogative
of
Precedency
among
other
Kingdoms
;
which
it
enjoy'd
,
without
the
least
Opposition
,
for
many
Ages
;
The
first
Dispute
began
in
Venice
,
1558.
there
never
appearing
a
Rival
bold
enough
to
dispute
the
Rank
with
it
,
till
,
in
the
last
Age
,
Philip
II.
then
King
of
Spain
,
pretended
to
be
its
Competitor
in
this
Prerogative
.
Spain
was
,
at
that
time
,
risen
to
the
very
Pinacle
of
its
Glory
;
The
Spaniards
were
in
possession
of
One
Third
Part
of
Europe
,
besides
the
Immense
Riches
of
the
New
World
.
It
cannot
be
deny'd
,
Before
1017.
Castile
was
only
an
Earldom
.
The
French
made
Henry
,
instead
of
his
Brother
Pieter
the
Cruel
,
a
King
;
from
whom
was
descended
that
Princess
who
brought
the
Sceptre
into
the
Austrian
Family
.
At
Venice
,
1558.
At
Rome
,
1564.
In
Poland
,
1573.
but
that
their
Power
appear'd
most
formidable
,
in
those
Days
,
to
all
Europe
;
notwithstanding
which
,
their
Pretensions
were
look'd
upon
as
unjust
,
and
ill-grounded
,
in
most
Christian
Courts
;
considering
that
Spain
could
not
,
in
the
least
,
come
in
Competition
with
France
;
both
in
respect
of
its
Antiquity
,
or
Dignity
;
and
,
that
Spain
had
such
vast
Obligations
to
France
,
that
it
could
not
be
otherwise
than
the
highest
piece
of
Ingratitude
in
the
First
,
to
pretend
to
incroach
upon
the
Rights
and
Prerogatives
of
the
Last
.
These
Considerations
were
so
prevailing
,
that
Philip
lost
his
Cause
at
Venice
,
at
Rome
,
and
in
Poland
:
And
where-ever
the
Spanish
Ambassadors
pretended
to
dispute
the
Precedency
,
it
always
turn'd
to
their
own
Disadvantage
,
and
our
Satisfaction
and
Glory
.
Notwithstanding
they
had
met
with
so
many
Rubs
upon
this
Account
,
they
never
let
slip
any
Opportunity
to
renew
their
Pretensions
;
till
,
at
last
,
our
King
oblig'd
the
King
of
Spain
to
make
an
express
Renunciation
of
these
Pretensions
,
occasion'd
by
a
certain
Rencounter
which
happen'd
betwixt
the
Count
d'
Estrades
,
and
the
Baron
de
Batteville
,
Ambassadors
of
the
Crowns
of
France
and
Spain
,
at
the
Publick
Entry
of
the
Count
de
Brahe
,
the
Suedish
Ambassador
,
in
London
.
The
Count
de
Brahe
was
no
sooner
arriv'd
in
England
,
but
the
Spanish
Ambassador
,
The
Precedency
disputed
by
the
Spaniards
.
but
the
Spanish
Ambassador
,
Batteville
,
caus'd
it
to
be
spread
abroad
,
that
,
to
shew
all
imaginable
Respect
to
the
Suedish
Ambassador
,
he
intended
to
send
his
Coaches
and
Domesticks
,
to
attend
him
at
his
Publick
Entry
.
The
Count
d'
Estrades
had
got
timely
notice
of
the
Matter
;
but
considering
that
the
Predecessor
of
the
Count
de
Batteville
,
Alfonso
de
Cardenas
,
a
Person
of
extraordinary
Merits
and
Understanding
,
had
never
made
the
least
Motion
of
this
kind
,
during
his
Residence
at
the
English
Court
,
he
look'd
upon
it
only
as
a
flying
Rumour
,
or
,
at
the
most
,
as
some
Rhodomontado
of
the
Domesticks
of
the
Count
de
Batteville
;
not
imagining
,
in
the
least
,
that
it
had
been
contriv'd
on
purpose
,
by
the
Ambassador
,
to
be
a
Fore-runner
of
his
intended
Design
:
For
which
Reason
,
he
sent
his
Coaches
and
Attendants
to
meet
the
Ambassador
,
without
any
other
Guard
than
his
own
Domesticks
,
and
without
taking
the
least
Pre-caution
against
any
Assault
.
But
no
sooner
did
the
Coaches
of
the
French
Ambassador
appear
at
the
Publick
Entry
,
Octob.
10.
1661.
but
they
were
surrounded
by
many
Soldiers
,
and
others
,
to
the
Number
of
2000
,
headed
by
the
Domesticks
of
the
Spanish
Ambassador
,
who
furiously
fell
upon
the
Count
d'
Estrades
his
Attendants
:
These
defended
themselves
as
well
as
they
could
,
for
some
Time
;
but
being
over-power'd
by
the
Spanish
Party
,
were
forced
to
leave
the
Ambassador's
Coaches
to
the
Mercy
of
their
Enemies
;
who
,
having
kill'd
some
of
the
Horses
,
and
,
consequently
,
prevented
the
Coaches
from
going
farther
,
Triumphantly
,
and
with
their
Swords
in
Hand
,
accompany'd
the
Suedish
Ambassador
home
.
It
was
the
most
ridiculous
Thing
in
the
World
,
to
see
the
Spaniards
,
as
they
pass'd
along
the
Streets
,
to
make
so
many
Huzzah's
;
there
being
scarce
a
Man
of
good
Sense
there
present
,
that
could
forbear
laughing
at
the
Vanity
of
these
Imaginary
Bravo's
,
who
,
by
their
extravagant
Cries
,
and
other
Expressions
of
Joy
,
would
have
made
the
World
believe
,
that
they
had
triumph'd
over
France
,
and
all
its
Forces
;
and
had
wrested
out
of
the
Hands
of
the
French
the
so
long
disputed
Precedency
,
by
killing
two
or
three
Horses
,
and
as
many
of
the
Domesticks
of
the
Count
d'
Estrades
.
But
,
as
all
the
World
stood
amaz'd
at
the
Vanity
of
this
Enterprize
,
so
the
French
stood
in
Expectation
to
see
how
this
Action
of
the
Count
Batteville
would
be
taken
at
the
Spanish
Court
;
He
had
been
everal
imes
Ambassador
,
and
Governor
of
St.
Sebastian
.
easily
imagining
that
this
Bravado
was
not
an
Invention
of
his
own
,
as
being
a
Man
of
better
Understanding
,
and
too
well
vers'd
in
Affairs
of
this
nature
,
than
to
signalize
himself
,
without
express
Orders
from
Court
,
by
a
Zeal
so
indiscreet
,
as
must
needs
expose
the
King
,
his
Master
,
to
this
Nonplus
,
either
to
take
a
gross
Affront
,
in
disowning
what
his
Minister
had
done
,
and
to
declare
him
to
have
been
in
the
wrong
,
to
contest
with
the
French
Ambassador
,
for
the
Precedency
;
or
else
,
to
see
himself
again
entangl'd
in
a
War
,
which
,
in
all
likelihood
,
must
prove
fatal
to
him
,
at
a
Time
,
when
he
knew
himself
to
be
in
a
worse
Condition
than
ever
to
sustain
it
.
On
the
other
hand
,
the
King
of
Spain's
Health
,
as
well
as
the
present
State
of
the
Kingdom
,
being
in
a
declining
Condition
,
exhausted
of
Money
,
and
destitute
of
good
Forces
,
there
seem'd
to
be
no
likelihood
,
that
Spain
,
after
the
late
conclusion
of
a
Peace
,
so
much
desired
on
their
side
,
and
so
dearly
bought
,
should
be
so
forward
to
break
it
,
on
the
account
of
a
punctilio
of
Precedency
;
especially
,
since
hitherto
,
By
Policy
in
Poland
,
1573.
By
threats
at
Rome
,
1564.
the
Spaniards
had
rather
been
enclined
to
surprize
the
French
in
this
point
,
by
some
State-trick
or
other
,
or
to
try
whether
they
could
hector
them
out
of
their
Right
by
threats
;
but
never
were
come
to
such
extremities
,
even
when
engaged
with
one
another
in
War
,
and
when
that
Monarchy
was
arrived
at
the
highest
pitch
of
its
greatness
.
But
howsoever
it
be
,
this
seem'd
to
be
the
last
effort
the
Spaniards
intended
to
make
towards
their
pretended
Precedency
;
This
Enterprise
of
the
Count
of
Batteville
having
given
sufficient
opportunity
for
all
the
World
to
be
convinc'd
,
that
as
this
undertaking
of
the
Spaniards
savour'd
very
much
of
Vanity
,
so
the
French
had
all
the
reason
in
the
World
on
their
side
to
maintain
a
just
prerogative
they
enjoy'd
for
so
many
Ages
.
The
King
of
France
had
no
sooner
received
Intelligence
of
what
had
happened
upon
this
occasion
in
London
,
George
de
Aubusson
Archbishop
of
Ambrun
,
and
Bishop
of
Metz.
but
he
sent
immediate
Orders
to
the
Arch-bishop
of
Ambrun
,
then
his
Ambassador
in
Madrid
,
to
demand
satisfaction
for
what
was
past
,
and
in
case
of
refusal
,
to
leave
that
Court
and
to
return
into
France
.
It
is
a
customary
thing
with
the
Council
of
Spain
,
to
conclude
upon
nothing
,
even
of
the
least
moment
,
without
many
tergiversations
and
delays
;
whether
it
it
be
,
that
they
look
upon
it
as
a
Maxim
of
State
,
whereby
to
tire
out
those
that
make
their
Applications
to
them
,
and
consequently
to
make
them
more
pliable
;
or
whether
it
be
only
a
Custom
,
proceeding
more
from
their
Natural
Inclination
,
than
any
Mystery
of
State
,
I
will
not
pretend
to
determine
:
Thus
much
is
certain
,
that
as
soon
as
the
Archbishop
of
Ambrun
demanded
satisfaction
in
the
King
his
Master's
Name
,
the
King
of
Spain
promised
to
make
due
reparation
to
the
King
of
France
,
his
Son-in-Law
,
and
that
he
would
recall
the
Count
de
Batteville
,
his
Ambassador
,
out
of
England
.
This
was
a
fair
step
towards
the
demanded
satisfaction
,
but
not
altogether
sufficient
to
repair
the
affront
given
upon
so
extraordinary
an
occasion
;
the
Chastisement
intended
against
the
Spanish
Ambassadour
,
might
give
some
satisfaction
for
what
was
passed
,
but
did
not
remove
the
main
Obstacle
;
it
being
more
than
probable
that
the
same
quarrel
might
be
soon
revived
,
if
the
Catholick
King
persisted
in
his
Pretensions
concerning
the
Precedency
.
Most
of
the
other
Princes
of
Europe
did
underhand
edge
on
the
Spanish
Court
not
to
part
with
their
pretended
Prerogative
,
it
being
natural
for
Princes
to
be
jealous
of
one
another
in
so
nice
a
point
as
this
,
which
the
French
Kings
had
enjoyed
time
out
of
mind
;
or
,
because
they
were
not
without
apprehensions
,
that
,
if
a
King
so
Young
,
Valiant
,
and
Potent
,
should
gain
a
point
of
so
vast
a
consequence
without
opposition
,
it
might
in
all
likelihood
be
a
sufficient
encouragement
for
him
,
to
make
farther
Encroachments
upon
other
Princes
bordering
upon
France
.
It
was
for
this
reason
that
two
or
three
Months
were
elapsed
,
before
the
Council
of
Spain
would
take
a
final
resolution
in
the
matter
,
there
being
not
a
few
of
them
,
who
were
of
opinion
,
rather
to
hazard
all
,
than
to
part
with
this
Prerogative
.
But
the
difficulty
was
,
by
what
means
it
was
to
be
maintained
against
the
King
,
without
exposing
the
Kingdom
of
Spain
to
utter
destruction
,
so
that
at
last
it
was
found
expedient
for
the
King
of
Spain
to
engage
his
Word
,
that
the
Marquis
de
la
Fuenta
,
nominated
to
go
Ambassadour
from
that
Court
to
France
,
should
,
in
his
first
Audience
,
give
absolute
satisfaction
to
his
most
Christian
Majesty
,
both
in
respect
of
what
was
passed
,
and
for
the
time
to
come
.
To
add
to
the
Solemnity
of
this
Audience
,
The
King
of
Spain
Renounces
the
Precedency
,
March
24
,
1662.
and
to
have
a
considerable
number
of
Illustrious
Witnesses
present
,
who
might
testifie
to
the
World
,
what
they
had
heard
the
Spanish
Ambassadour
say
upon
this
occasion
,
the
King
had
invited
all
the
Foreign
Ministers
,
who
all
appeared
,
to
the
number
of
thirty
;
they
were
placed
on
the
right
side
of
the
Royal
Throne
,
as
were
on
the
left
the
Princes
of
the
Blood
,
the
Ministers
of
State
,
and
other
Officers
of
the
Court.
In
the
presence
of
this
August
and
Noble
Assembly
,
the
Spanish
Ambassadour
told
the
King
,
That
the
King
of
Spain
his
Master
,
had
been
extreamly
dissatisfied
at
what
had
happened
in
London
on
the
10th
of
October
,
1661.
That
so
soon
as
he
had
notice
of
it
he
recall'd
the
Baron
de
Batteville
,
with
express
Orders
to
return
forthwith
into
Spain
,
where
he
intended
to
give
him
such
severe
Proofs
of
his
displeasure
,
as
so
extravagant
an
undertaking
did
deserve
:
That
he
had
sent
Orders
to
all
his
Ambassadors
abroad
,
not
to
appear
in
any
publick
Ceremonies
,
where
there
might
be
the
least
likelihood
of
contest
on
the
account
of
this
Precedency
,
and
not
to
stand
in
competition
for
the
future
upon
that
score
,
with
the
Ambassadours
and
other
Ministers
of
his
most
Christian
Majesty
.
The
four
French
Secretaries
of
State
there
present
,
ordered
an
Instrument
in
Writing
to
be
drawn
up
,
containing
the
same
Words
of
this
Declaration
,
to
serve
in
time
to
come
,
as
a
lasting
Monument
to
Posterity
,
of
the
Glorious
success
of
so
memorable
a
Transaction
,
which
,
for
some
time
,
had
kept
all
Europe
in
suspense
,
and
for
these
hundred
Years
last
past
had
made
so
much
noise
in
the
World
,
between
the
two
most
Potent
Houses
of
Europe
,
who
being
like
the
Primum
Mobile
of
all
the
rest
,
put
an
end
to
that
famous
Contest
,
which
a
most
glorious
Emulation
had
raised
betwixt
them
.
Scarce
was
this
difference
composed
,
August
20
,
1662.
but
there
arose
another
betwixt
the
Pope
and
the
King
,
occasioned
by
an
Assault
made
upon
the
Duke
de
Croqui
,
his
Majesty's
Ambassadour
at
the
Court
of
Rome
.
The
Affront
put
upon
the
Ambassadour
was
so
gross
,
that
the
like
has
scarce
ever
been
heard
of
among
civiliz'd
Nations
,
but
it
must
also
be
confess'd
,
that
the
History
of
all
former
Ages
scarce
can
furnish
us
with
an
Example
,
where
the
Law
of
Nations
has
been
more
gloriously
vindicated
than
upon
this
occasion
,
and
where
those
who
had
impudence
enough
to
violate
it
,
have
been
more
severely
chastised
.
Two
or
three
unknown
Persons
being
pursued
by
ten
Souldiers
of
the
Pope's
Guard
,
Alexander
VII
.
had
sought
for
shelter
in
the
Stables
belonging
to
the
Palace
of
Farnese
where
the
said
French
Ambassadour
resided
at
that
time
.
Some
of
his
Domesticks
being
come
out
at
the
noise
and
clashing
of
the
Swords
,
had
driven
the
Souldiers
back
,
who
being
reinforced
with
some
of
their
Comerades
,
in
their
turn
beat
the
Ambassadour's
Attendance
,
whom
they
pursued
,
and
forced
to
retreat
within
the
very
Gates
of
the
Palace-The
Duke
,
in
the
mean
while
was
come
home
thro'
another
Gate
,
having
understood
the
occasion
of
the
tumult
,
ordered
his
Servants
immediately
to
desist
,
and
to
withdraw
within
the
Palace
.
This
precaution
,
which
he
supposed
might
be
a
fit
means
to
appease
the
Insolence
of
the
Soldiers
,
served
only
to
augment
it
;
for
,
in
a
little
while
after
,
he
saw
them
marching
with
Drums
beating
,
and
their
Officers
at
the
head
of
them
towards
the
Palace
,
which
they
invested
on
all
sides
,
putting
Corps
de
Guards
on
all
the
Avenues
leading
to
it
;
and
not
contented
with
this
,
they
committed
other
most
enormous
outrages
,
discharging
their
Fusees
charg'd
with
Ball
,
for
an
Hour
together
,
at
the
Gates
and
Windows
of
the
Palace
,
not
sparing
even
the
Ambassadour's
Person
,
who
came
out
into
a
Balcony
,
to
see
what
passed
among
them
.
He
was
no
sooner
oblig'd
to
retire
from
thence
,
but
they
attack'd
the
Ambassadrice
,
who
being
ignorant
of
what
had
passed
near
her
Palace
,
was
returning
home
in
her
Coach
.
She
was
in
no
small
danger
of
having
been
assassinated
by
several
Musquet
Bullets
that
passed
near
her
,
but
she
had
the
good
Fortune
to
escape
without
any
other
hurt
than
what
was
occasioned
by
the
fright
;
one
of
her
Pages
being
kill'd
just
by
her
Coach
side
,
and
one
of
the
Footmen
sorely
wounded
.
At
the
same
time
the
Shirri's
,
who
never
make
use
of
Fire-Armes
,
followed
closely
the
Footsteeps
of
the
Soldiers
,
knocking
down
all
the
French
Men
they
met
with
in
the
Streets
of
Rome
;
and
in
all
likelihood
this
Tragedy
would
have
ended
in
a
General
Massacre
of
the
French
,
if
the
People
of
Rome
had
not
testified
their
aversion
to
such
barbarous
Actions
,
and
made
loud
exclamations
against
the
Author
,
as
well
as
the
Executioners
of
this
bloody
Tragedy
.
If
the
Government
had
not
been
concerned
in
this
Action
of
the
Souldiery
,
it
had
been
but
a
piece
both
of
Justice
and
Prudence
to
have
given
some
publick
and
real
Demonstrations
of
their
dislike
,
by
inflicting
a
prompt
and
most
rigorous
punishment
upon
these
Insolent
Offenders
;
but
so
far
were
they
from
calling
them
to
a
severe
acceunt
,
that
they
gave
opportunity
to
the
Ring-leaders
,
and
such
others
as
were
known
to
have
been
most
concerned
in
the
slaughter
of
the
French
,
to
slip
away
,
eight
or
nine
days
being
passed
before
they
made
an
enquiry
after
those
Assassins
.
To
heap
injuries
upon
injuries
,
the
Cardinal
Imperiale
,
Governour
of
Rome
,
some
time
after
block'd
up
a
fresh
the
Palace
of
Farnese
,
under
pretext
,
that
it
had
been
taken
notice
of
,
that
the
Ambassadour
,
ever
since
the
last
affront
was
offer'd
,
did
appear
abroad
with
a
more
numorous
Attendance
than
he
had
been
used
to
do
before
;
so
that
the
Duke
seeing
himself
treated
with
so
much
Indignity
,
left
Rome
,
and
retired
to
a
place
belonging
to
the
Great
Duke
of
Tuscany
.
The
News
of
a
thing
so
exterordinary
being
communicated
to
most
Courts
of
Europe
,
there
were
very
few
who
could
perswade
themselves
,
that
the
Court
of
Rome
could
be
so
much
overseen
,
as
to
come
to
those
extremities
,
without
great
provocation
given
on
the
Ambassadour's
side
.
But
all
what
could
be
laid
to
his
Charge
,
amounted
to
no
more
,
than
that
he
had
delay'd
for
some
days
to
pay
the
first
Visit
to
some
of
the
Pope's
Kindred
,
who
were
not
of
the
Ecclesiastical
Order
,
the
Duke
being
willing
to
receive
first
the
King's
Instructions
,
concerning
a
Punctilio
which
hitherto
remained
undecided
.
For
the
rest
,
they
pretended
to
have
great
cause
of
complaint
against
the
Duke
,
who
,
as
they
alledged
,
peing
of
a
haughty
temper
,
had
dissuaded
the
King
from
allowing
yearly
pensions
to
these
new
Princes
:
And
this
being
questionless
the
main
cause
of
their
hatred
,
was
also
the
true
occasion
of
the
quarrel
;
for
,
it
was
easie
to
be
perceived
,
that
upon
all
occasions
,
they
show'd
much
Indifferency
not
only
to
the
Ambassadour
,
but
also
to
the
French
Nation
in
general
,
which
at
last
broke
out
into
an
open
Enmity
.
For
considerable
time
there
had
scarce
pass'd
a
day
,
but
some
sparks
of
that
devouring
Fire
,
which
lay
couch'd
under
the
Ashes
,
did
appear
,
which
at
last
,
broke
out
in
a
Flame
,
with
the
more
noise
and
violence
.
The
Offence
,
(
if
any
had
been
given
)
was
scarce
worth
taking
notice
of
;
but
supposing
it
had
been
much
greater
,
the
Revenge
appear'd
so
Cruel
in
the
Eyes
of
all
the
World
,
that
notwithstanding
all
the
endeavours
used
by
the
Pope
to
engage
the
Crown
of
Spain
in
the
quarrel
,
neither
that
King
,
nor
any
other
Prince
,
shew'd
the
least
Inclination
to
espouse
it
,
unless
it
were
to
dispose
the
Pope
to
give
absolute
satisfaction
to
the
King
.
Spain
had
indeed
no
reason
to
assist
the
Pope's
Kindred
,
it
was
rather
for
the
Interest
of
that
Crown
to
clip
a
little
their
Wings
,
and
to
make
them
shew
more
respect
to
their
more
Potent
Neighbours
;
besides
,
it
concerned
them
very
nearly
,
to
avoid
all
occasions
of
drawing
the
French
Arms
into
Italy
.
Another
advantage
which
that
Crown
proposed
to
its
self
,
by
abandoning
the
Pope's
Interest
at
this
time
,
and
consequently
to
put
him
under
a
necessity
of
giving
due
satisfaction
to
the
King
,
was
,
that
they
did
not
question
thereby
to
kindle
an
irreconcilable
hatred
betwixt
them
,
which
being
continued
in
the
Family
of
the
Chigi's
,
would
,
in
all
probability
prove
as
mischievous
to
the
French
Interest
,
as
it
would
be
profitable
to
them
in
the
next
Conclave
.
It
is
true
,
they
could
not
but
look
with
a
jealous
Eye
upon
the
Glory
which
the
King
was
likely
to
reap
from
the
said
satisfaction
;
but
considering
on
the
other
Hand
,
that
this
augmentation
of
his
Power
would
also
serve
for
fuel
to
kindle
jealousie
in
the
rest
of
the
Princes
of
Europe
;
the
Council
of
Spain
judged
it
most
for
their
Interest
to
stand
Neuter
,
and
to
endeavour
,
by
all
means
,
to
perswade
the
Pope
to
put
an
end
to
the
difference
,
without
coming
to
an
open
rupture
.
But
Pope
Alexander
VII
was
Deaf
to
their
Counsels
.
Before
his
Elevation
to
the
Papal
Dignity
he
had
led
a
very
Austere
Life
,
shewing
not
the
least
inclination
for
his
Kindred
,
or
any
other
Worldly
Pleasures
,
for
which
reason
he
used
always
to
have
a
Coffin
set
in
his
Bed-Chamber
,
to
put
him
in
mind
of
Mortality
;
but
being
by
his
Elevation
arrived
to
the
highest
pitch
of
his
hopes
,
he
appear'd
quite
different
from
what
he
had
been
before
;
he
affected
an
extraordinary
magnificence
of
his
Apparrel
,
his
Furnitures
and
Equipages
were
very
sumptuous
,
no
body
more
nice
and
delicate
in
his
Table
than
himself
;
and
he
shew'd
so
much
tenderness
for
his
Kindred
,
that
he
heap'd
upon
them
prodigious
Riches
.
So
true
it
is
,
that
when
those
who
have
led
an
Austere
Life
,
are
once
made
sensible
of
the
Pleasures
and
Vanities
of
the
World
,
they
are
sure
to
make
themselves
amends
for
what
they
have
lost
before
.
The
false
Idea
the
Pope
had
conceived
of
his
own
Power
and
Strength
,
the
strong
Inclination
he
had
for
his
Family
,
and
the
Antipathy
he
bore
to
France
,
made
him
resolve
at
last
,
either
to
refuse
the
demanded
satisfaction
to
France
,
or
at
least
,
to
put
it
off
by
various
delays
,
as
long
as
possible
could
be
done
,
in
hopes
that
by
some
favourable
juncture
or
other
,
the
Face
of
Affairs
might
be
changed
in
Europe
.
It
is
unquestionable
,
that
the
King
had
all
the
reason
in
the
World
to
be
dissatisfied
with
the
Pope
,
and
that
he
did
not
want
means
to
do
himself
justice
for
the
injuries
received
at
his
Hands
;
but
being
willing
to
shew
a
more
than
Filial
respect
to
the
Holy
See
,
he
suspended
his
just
resentment
for
a
whole
twelve
Month.
For
,
if
on
one
side
,
the
consideration
of
so
gross
an
affront
provok'd
him
to
Revenge
;
on
the
other
Hand
,
the
miseries
and
inconveniencies
which
attend
a
War
to
be
waged
in
a
far
distant
Country
,
against
the
common
Father
of
the
Faithful
,
kept
his
resolution
in
suspence
.
It
is
not
to
be
denied
,
but
that
without
reproach
to
himself
,
he
could
scarce
delay
his
Vengeance
,
especially
,
since
it
might
be
done
without
the
least
danger
to
his
Affairs
;
but
it
was
also
to
be
consider'd
that
as
the
danger
was
inconsiderable
,
so
there
was
but
little
Honour
to
be
gotten
by
the
Victory
.
But
being
at
last
fuly
convinc'd
,
that
the
Court
of
Rome
took
advantage
from
these
delays
to
abuse
his
patience
,
he
order'd
his
Troops
to
march
to
wards
Italy
,
and
having
seized
uyon
Avignon
,
every
thing
was
put
in
a
readiness
to
pass
the
Alps.
It
was
then
that
the
Pope
thought
it
high
time
to
open
his
Eyes
,
and
that
it
was
for
his
Interest
to
make
a
Virtue
of
Necessity
,
and
to
prefer
an
Inglorious
Peace
,
before
a
War
,
which
,
in
all
human
appearance
,
must
prove
very
successful
to
him
.
His
Kindred
themselves
perswaded
him
to
take
the
surest
measures
,
as
judging
it
more
for
their
Intrest
,
to
turn
the
Mony
raised
by
the
Pope
for
the
use
of
the
War
,
their
own
use
,
than
to
render
themselves
Obnoxious
,
by
making
themselves
instrumental
in
troubling
the
Peace
of
Italy
,
and
to
betray
their
Vanity
to
the
World
,
in
being
so
presumptuous
,
as
to
measure
their
Power
with
the
greatest
King
of
Christendom
.
A
Treaty
therefore
being
agreed
upon
to
be
set
on
Foot
at
Pisa
,
(
the
King
refusing
to
accept
of
Rome
for
the
place
of
Treaty
)
it
was
concluded
soon
after
,
upon
the
following
Articles
.
That
the
Pope
should
be
obliged
to
send
the
Cardinal
Patroon
,
The
Cardinal
Chigi
.
in
Quality
of
his
Legat
into
France
,
to
disown
the
whole
Action
of
the
Corsick
Guards
.
That
the
Legat
himself
should
make
his
Protestation
before
the
King
,
that
neither
he
,
The
Pope
obliged
to
give
satisfaction
for
the
Affrone
put
upon
the
French
Ambassadour
.
nor
any
of
his
Family
had
had
the
least
Hand
,
in
that
attempt
,
and
that
for
the
time
to
come
,
they
would
be
ready
to
give
ample
demonstrations
of
their
Real
Submission
,
and
Fidelity
to
the
King
.
That
his
Holiness's
Brother
should
be
obliged
to
make
the
same
protestation
in
Writing
,
and
to
leave
Rome
,
till
such
time
that
the
Legat
had
given
the
promised
satisfaction
to
the
King
.
That
the
Cardinal
Imperiale
should
likewise
come
in
Person
into
France
,
to
justifie
himself
,
and
to
submit
his
Cause
,
if
required
,
to
the
decision
of
the
King
.
That
the
whole
Corsick
Nation
should
for
the
future
be
declar'd
incapable
of
serving
in
the
Ecclesiastical
State
;
and
to
brand
with
everlasting
Infamy
an
Action
so
Insolent
,
a
Pyramid
should
be
erected
,
just
opposite
to
the
Corps
de
Guard
,
in
which
should
be
Engraven
the
reason
of
their
Banishment
.
By
Virtue
of
the
same
Treaty
,
the
Dukes
of
Parma
and
Modena
,
besides
several
other
Roman
Lords
that
were
in
the
French
Interest
,
obtained
considerable
advantages
,
all
which
was
to
be
attributed
to
the
protection
of
the
most
Potent
King
in
Christendom
,
who
thus
obliged
the
Pope
to
give
him
the
most
ample
satisfaction
that
could
be
for
the
Affront
put
upon
his
Minister
.
The
Treaty
was
executed
accordingly
:
July
3
,
1664.
The
Legat
came
into
France
;
the
Pyramid
was
Erected
,
and
remained
standing
for
five
Years
after
;
1667.
when
by
the
intercession
of
Clement
IX
,
the
Successor
of
Pope
Alexander
VII
,
the
King
was
graciously
pleased
to
order
it
to
be
broken
down
.
What
could
be
more
glorious
at
the
very
beginning
of
our
King's
Reign
,
than
to
come
off
Triumphantly
upon
two
so
extraordinary
occasions
,
without
as
much
as
drawing
a
Sword
?
These
were
the
marvellous
effects
of
the
King
's
growing
Reputation
,
which
encreasing
more
and
more
every
day
,
had
acquir'd
a
new
Lustre
,
the
Year
before
the
conclusion
of
the
Treaty
of
Pisa
,
by
the
possession
of
Dunkirk
,
which
was
bought
with
much
less
charge
than
in
all
probability
it
could
have
been
taken
.
After
the
taking
of
this
place
,
we
were
,
by
Virtue
of
a
Treaty
concluded
with
Oliver
Cromwell
,
obliged
to
surrender
it
into
his
Hands
.
It
was
a
very
unfortunate
thing
for
us
,
to
be
forced
to
deliver
the
Key
of
our
Kingdom
into
the
Hands
of
such
Strangers
,
as
we
were
sensible
would
not
fail
to
lay
hold
of
all
opportunities
to
trouble
our
repose
.
The
King
being
sensible
of
this
inconveniency
,
had
no
sooner
taken
the
Reins
of
the
Government
into
his
own
Hands
,
but
he
only
watch'd
for
a
favourable
juncture
,
to
send
these
dangerous
Neighbours
back
to
their
Island
,
and
to
incorporate
the
said
place
with
the
rest
of
his
Conquests
.
Charles
II.
King
of
England
,
being
lately
re-established
in
his
Throne
,
this
juncture
seem'd
to
be
the
most
favourable
in
the
World
,
to
treat
with
him
about
the
Surrender
of
this
place
,
at
a
time
,
when
we
were
sensible
that
he
was
not
in
a
condition
to
be
at
the
charge
of
maintaining
a
Fleet
in
the
Port
of
Dunkirk
,
or
to
provide
the
City
with
such
a
Garrison
,
as
might
be
sufficient
to
make
a
vigorous
defence
,
in
case
of
an
Attack
.
Notwithstanding
which
,
the
Negotiation
advanced
but
slowly
,
or
at
least
,
not
so
well
as
we
could
have
wished
.
This
was
occasion'd
partly
by
the
jealousie
of
our
Neighbours
,
partly
by
the
reluctancy
which
the
King
of
England
shew'd
in
parting
with
a
place
so
advantageous
,
both
for
its
Strength
and
Situation
.
For
it
ought
to
be
consider'd
,
that
Dunkirk
was
at
that
time
,
not
the
same
little
paultry
Town
it
was
before
the
conclusion
of
the
Pyrenean
Peace
,
when
it
was
taken
and
retaken
without
any
opposition
,
it
being
since
made
one
of
the
most
considerable
places
in
Europe
,
chiefly
by
the
care
of
Cromwell
,
who
had
caused
it
to
be
strongly
Fortified
,
to
serve
upon
an
occasion
,
as
a
safe
retreat
to
him
and
his
Party
,
or
else
,
that
the
English
might
always
be
sure
of
a
Gate
,
by
which
to
enter
into
the
Heart
of
France
at
their
own
pleasure
.
Besides
this
,
the
Spaniards
making
more
advantageous
offers
than
the
French
,
and
the
Hollanders
striving
to
out-bid
both
,
each
Party
having
sufficient
reasons
to
over-ballance
one
another
:
Dunkirk
bought
from
the
English
.
It
was
looked
upon
as
one
of
the
most
refined
pieces
of
Policy
in
the
French
,
to
have
managed
that
grand
Affair
with
so
much
dexterity
,
as
to
make
themselves
Masters
of
a
place
of
that
importance
,
at
the
price
of
four
Millions
of
Livres
,
in
spite
of
all
the
opposition
of
their
jealous
Neighbours
.
The
King
had
no
sooner
received
the
News
that
his
Forces
had
taken
possession
of
it
,
but
he
went
thither
to
give
the
necessary
Orders
for
the
accomplishing
the
Fortifications
of
a
place
,
which
was
of
the
highest
consequence
for
the
safety
of
his
Kingdom
.
These
several
Affairs
of
the
highest
moment
,
tho'
they
took
up
much
of
the
King's
time
,
who
spared
no
labour
nor
care
,
till
they
were
brought
to
a
happy
issue
;
yet
did
this
not
so
confine
his
Active
Genius
,
but
that
at
the
same
time
he
applied
his
thoughts
towards
the
re-establishment
of
the
decay'd
Military
Discipline
,
and
to
find
out
suitable
remedies
against
those
abuses
that
were
,
by
degrees
,
crept
into
the
Government
.
Lewis
XIV
Re-establishes
the
Military
Discipline
.
Before
the
Conclusion
of
the
late
Peace
,
all
sorts
of
licentiousness
had
been
practised
among
the
Souldiers
,
with
Impunity
,
and
the
neglect
of
the
due
observance
of
Military
Discipline
,
had
introduc'd
such
disorders
both
among
the
Officers
and
Souldiers
,
that
in
all
likelihood
,
it
must
have
in
time
proved
fatal
,
not
only
to
many
private
Persons
,
who
extreamly
suffer'd
under
these
violences
,
but
also
dangerous
to
the
State
,
if
the
King
had
not
put
a
stop
to
these
enormities
.
As
he
was
sufficiently
accquainted
with
the
Natural
Inclinations
of
Mankind
,
to
know
that
the
most
Valiant
Men
in
the
World
,
if
not
confin'd
under
certain
Rules
and
Discipline
,
must
be
more
hurtful
than
profitable
to
the
State
,
so
he
took
a
firm
resolution
to
re-establish
among
them
such
Laws
,
as
founded
upon
a
Prudent
severity
,
should
be
sufficient
to
keep
them
within
their
due
bounds
.
As
he
took
effectual
care
that
his
Souldiers
,
whether
in
sickness
or
health
,
should
be
provided
with
all
things
necessary
for
their
subsistence
,
so
he
would
not
allow
any
one
to
be
exempted
from
the
exact
observation
of
these
Rules
;
and
all
the
Employments
in
the
Army
from
the
highest
to
the
lowest
,
being
bestowed
upon
such
as
had
deserved
well
,
in
proportion
to
their
Merits
,
there
was
a
strange
alteration
to
be
observed
in
the
Army
.
For
,
the
desire
of
Glory
,
the
Honour
to
please
the
King
,
the
fear
of
Punishment
,
and
the
hopes
of
Reward
;
this
happy
mixture
,
I
say
,
of
several
Interests
and
Passions
,
made
such
powerful
impressions
upon
the
minds
of
the
Souldiery
,
that
every
one
in
his
Station
,
strove
as
much
to
out-do
the
other
,
in
the
just
observance
of
his
Duty
,
as
they
formerly
had
been
eager
after
Rapines
,
and
negligent
in
performing
their
Military
Functions
.
Thus
a
good
Order
being
re-established
in
the
Army
,
it
may
be
said
without
boasting
,
that
possibly
,
there
scarce
ever
appear'd
better
disciplin'd
Troops
in
the
Field
,
than
the
French
Armies
under
the
Reign
of
the
present
King
.
After
the
conclusion
of
the
Pyrenean
Peace
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
French
Forces
were
disbanded
;
nevertheless
,
as
those
that
were
kept
in
pay
,
were
all
chosen
Men
,
so
the
King
took
care
to
augment
them
from
time
to
time
,
not
only
to
serve
in
his
Garrisons
,
but
also
to
have
in
readiness
such
a
number
of
well
Disciplin'd
Troops
,
as
he
judg'd
sufficient
to
maintain
his
respect
,
both
among
his
Subjects
and
Neighbours
.
For
,
what
real
assurance
can
a
Prince
have
of
the
Fidelity
of
the
one
,
and
of
the
sincerity
of
the
others
,
unless
he
be
in
a
condition
to
maintain
his
Authority
by
his
Power
?
The
better
to
train
up
his
Soldiers
to
the
Wars
,
he
order'd
every
Year
Encampments
to
be
made
in
some
place
or
other
,
where
they
perform'd
all
the
Exercises
belonging
either
to
Sieges
or
Battles
,
without
Blood-shed
.
This
was
look'd
upon
as
of
so
much
consequence
,
that
even
in
the
most
peaceable
times
it
was
never
discontinued
,
afterthey
had
once
been
convinced
of
its
usefulness
;
it
being
agreed
on
all
Hands
,
that
not
any
thing
else
contributed
so
much
to
the
inuring
the
Soldiery
to
the
Fatigues
of
Wars
,
and
consequently
,
to
the
obtaining
so
many
Victories
in
the
following
Years
,
as
these
Engagements
,
Reviews
,
and
Exercises
,
which
kept
the
Armies
under
a
constant
good
Discipline
,
and
trained
up
the
young
Officers
as
well
as
the
Soldiers
,
to
serve
their
Apprenticeship
at
home
in
the
Action
of
War
.
Michael
Francis
le
Tellier
,
Michael
le
Tellier
Chancellor
of
France
,
had
two
Sons
,
Michael
Francis
Marquis
of
Louvois
,
Secretary
of
State
;
and
Charles
Maurice
Archbishop
and
Duke
of
Rheims
,
Counsellor
of
State
,
and
Supervisor
of
the
Sorbonne
.
Marquis
of
Louvois
,
Minister
and
Secretary
of
State
,
was
the
Person
,
whom
France
,
next
to
the
King
,
stands
indebted
to
,
for
the
re-establishment
of
the
Military
Discipline
,
and
a
good
Order
in
the
Army
.
It
is
unquestionable
,
that
never
any
Man
living
had
a
better
insight
into
all
Martial
Affairs
,
whether
in
the
most
exquisite
advantages
belonging
to
Fortifications
,
or
in
regard
to
the
raising
and
maintaining
a
great
Army
in
the
Field
.
He
was
a
Person
of
a
marvellous
Activity
and
Vigilance
;
as
Firm
,
Resolute
,
and
Bold
in
his
Enterprises
,
as
Fortunate
in
the
Success
;
and
to
be
short
,
never
any
Minister
deserved
better
at
the
same
time
,
both
of
his
Prince
and
the
State
.
He
was
Eldest
Son
to
Michael
de
Tellier
Minister
and
Secretary
of
State
,
and
afterwards
Lord
Chancellor
of
France
,
who
render'd
himself
Famous
by
his
Prudence
,
Fidelity
,
and
great
Services
under
the
King's
Minority
.
Neither
did
the
King
shew
less
eagerness
for
settling
the
Administration
of
Justice
:
He
would
give
most
particular
marks
of
his
Favour
and
Esteem
to
such
of
the
Judges
as
he
knew
to
be
proof
against
Corruption
,
crowning
their
Virtues
with
Praises
and
Rewards
;
as
,
on
the
other
Hand
he
despised
those
,
who
,
having
purchased
their
Places
at
an
excessive
rate
,
made
use
of
their
Power
to
satisfie
their
Avarice
and
Pride
;
these
were
sure
to
meet
with
deserved
punishment
from
his
Hands
,
and
to
receive
the
rewards
of
their
Treachery
,
in
making
the
Royal
Authority
a
Cloak
,
where
withal
to
cover
their
unjust
Proceedings
.
To
banish
for
over
from
among
his
Subjects
all
vexatious
Suits
,
or
at
least
,
to
retrench
the
extravagancy
of
litigious
Persons
,
and
superfluities
in
the
Law
,
which
serve
only
to
create
and
protract
Suits
,
he
caused
a
new
Codex
,
or
Law-Book
to
be
compiled
,
by
the
Advice
of
the
most
understanding
Lawyers
in
the
Kingdom
;
and
as
he
was
not
ignorant
,
that
the
best
Laws
are
useless
,
or
at
least
,
of
little
effect
,
unless
those
who
are
to
put
them
in
execution
,
be
careful
in
the
observance
of
their
duty
;
so
he
would
frequently
take
an
account
of
their
Transactions
,
and
be
always
putting
the
Chancellor
in
mind
,
to
keep
a
strict
Hand
,
and
a
watchful
Eye
over
the
Judges
and
Magistrates
,
that
they
might
not
be
remiss
in
their
Duties
to
Administer
Justice
,
without
partiality
,
and
to
punish
the
Transgressors
,
without
respect
of
Persons
,
especially
in
what-related
to
the
maintaining
of
the
publick
Tranquillity
.
To
encourage
the
rest
by
his
own
Example
,
After
the
Death
of
the
Chancellor
Seguier
.
he
kept
the
Great
Seal
in
his
own
Hands
near
three
Months
;
and
tho'
he
would
sometimes
Pardon
such
Trespasses
as
proceeded
rather
from
passion
or
misfortune
,
than
any
ill
design
,
he
never
spared
those
who
were
found
guilty
of
disturbing
the
publick
Tranquility
;
and
above
all
,
prosecuted
with
the
utmost
severity
,
all
such
as
were
convicted
of
Dueling
;
for
it
having
been
judged
absolutely
necessary
for
the
publick
safety
,
that
all
manner
of
Duels
should
be
forbidden
under
pain
of
Death
by
the
King
,
he
look'd
upon
any
Act
of
Grace
in
this
kind
,
as
prejudicial
to
the
Royal
Authority
,
and
an
unseasonable
lenity
,
as
derogatory
from
the
respect
due
to
the
Law
,
which
made
him
take
a
firm
resolution
to
maintain
its
Force
,
by
inflicting
severe
punishments
upon
the
Transgressors
.
Neither
was
it
long
,
before
the
happy
effects
of
the
King
's
firm
Resolution
and
Zeal
for
the
impartial
distribution
of
Justice
appear'd
to
the
Eyes
of
all
the
World
,
his
Subjects
being
thereby
insensibly
brought
into
a
habit
of
doing
well
,
and
performing
their
Duty
in
their
several
stations
.
Hence
it
was
,
that
every
one
enjoy'd
the
benefit
of
a
Sweet
and
Charming
Tranquillity
under
the
protection
of
the
Laws
,
free
from
all
fear
,
and
the
avarice
of
corrupted
Judges
,
and
the
oppressions
of
the
Great
ones
,
who
,
if
they
offered
any
Violences
,
were
sure
to
come
to
Condign
Punishment
.
The
surest
way
to
prevent
Factions
in
a
Kingdom
,
is
certainly
when
the
Prince
by
his
Authority
,
keeps
all
the
several
Orders
that
compose
it
within
their
bounds
;
for
,
the
People
being
thereby
engaged
to
respect
no
other
Authority
so
much
as
his
own
,
this
removes
all
occasion
and
danger
of
Revolts
.
What
shall
I
say
as
to
the
most
useful
Arts
and
Sciences
,
which
,
without
contradiction
,
The
King
gives
Encouragement
to
all
manner
of
Arts.
flourish'd
more
than
ever
,
under
a
Prince
,
who
,
as
he
had
a
true
relish
of
Things
,
so
it
was
his
greatest
delight
to
heap
Riches
and
Honours
upon
Persons
of
extraordinary
merits
;
knowing
,
that
nothing
turns
more
to
the
Honour
of
the
Prince
,
and
benefit
of
the
State
,
than
to
give
due
encouragement
to
liberal
Arts
,
he
drew
by
his
great
Liberality
into
France
,
the
most
Excellent
in
all
Professions
from
all
parts
of
Europe
;
with
these
Foreigners
as
well
as
Natives
,
he
fill'd
up
the
several
Academies
,
erected
by
his
Order
,
for
the
improvement
of
all
manner
of
Sciences
;
of
Painting
,
Carving
,
Architecture
,
and
Musick
,
where
these
Great
Masters
and
their
Scholars
strove
by
a
Praise-worthy
Emulation
,
to
out-vie
one
another
,
and
in
their
several
Stations
,
to
bring
their
Pieces
to
the
heighth
of
perfection
.
The
King
,
to
improve
the
Talent
of
so
many
Excellent
Masters
,
employed
them
in
making
those
rich
Furnitures
and
other
pieces
,
the
like
of
which
are
not
to
be
met
with
in
any
other
part
,
whether
for
the
design
,
or
the
curiosity
of
the
Workmanship
;
he
erected
Noble
Structures
in
several
parts
,
but
especially
made
use
of
their
skill
in
the
Louvre
,
the
Front
of
which
is
accounted
one
of
the
finest
pieces
of
Architecture
in
the
World
.
The
Subjects
encouraged
by
the
Example
of
their
Prince
,
began
every
where
to
apply
themselves
to
Building
,
especially
in
the
City
of
Paris
,
which
encreased
every
day
by
the
Additions
of
many
goodly
Structures
;
so
that
in
a
few
Years
the
Streets
of
the
City
of
Paris
were
made
broader
than
before
;
the
Cross-ways
were
adorned
with
noble
Fountains
,
the
Channels
and
River
side
faced
with
Free-stone
;
and
there
was
not
a
Street
so
mean
,
but
there
were
to
be
seen
some
neat
Houses
,
built
after
a
manner
far
different
from
what
they
had
appear'd
before
.
Vast
numbers
of
Strangers
,
and
other
curious
Persons
came
flocking
from
all
parts
,
to
partake
of
the
charming
Enjoyments
of
Peace
and
Tranquillity
in
a
City
,
where
there
was
great
plenty
of
every
thing
requisite
for
the
pleasure
and
necessity
of
Human
Life
,
even
at
the
time
of
a
general
scarcity
,
the
King
having
by
his
own
liberality
and
care
,
supply'd
their
want
,
and
reduced
the
price
of
all
Things
to
a
reasonable
rate
.
But
the
City
of
Paris
was
not
the
only
place
that
enjoy'd
the
benefits
of
his
happy
Reign
;
He
caused
Wheat
to
be
distr●●ted
at
t●
Louvre
,
1662.
the
other
Provinces
of
France
had
also
their
share
in
the
publick
Felicity
,
the
King
,
by
affording
all
imaginable
encouragement
to
Commerce
,
made
the
whole
Country
overflow
with
Riches
.
It
is
beyond
all
question
,
that
the
French
could
not
be
ignorant
what
prodigious
advantages
must
needs
accrue
by
Commerce
,
to
such
a
Country
as
France
,
which
being
water'd
both
by
the
Ocean
and
Mediterranean
,
and
irrigated
by
so
many
fair
Rivers
,
seems
to
be
the
most
conveniently
situated
for
Traffick
of
any
in
Europe
;
notwithstanding
which
,
it
was
observable
,
that
all
manner
of
Commerce
had
been
neglected
for
a
considerable
time
;
either
because
the
Genius
of
the
French
Nation
is
more
enclinable
to
Warlike
Exploits
than
Traffick
,
or
because
the
Civil
and
Foreign
Wars
,
in
which
the
Kingdom
had
been
entangl'd
for
so
many
Years
together
,
had
robed
them
of
these
advantages
.
But
the
King
was
not
sparing
in
any
thing
,
which
he
believed
might
contribute
to
the
re-establishment
of
Trade
;
in
the
Sea-Ports
he
made
considerable
abatements
in
his
Customs
;
most
of
those
that
were
paid
in
the
Rivers
he
took
off
;
he
gave
all
imaginable
encouragement
to
the
Manufacturies
of
the
Kingdom
;
he
,
at
his
own
proper
cost
and
charge
,
employ'd
a
great
number
of
Workmen
to
joyn
the
two
Seas
by
a
Canal
,
as
well
as
several
Great
Rivers
,
and
to
render
many
lesser
Rivers
Navigable
;
he
established
a
certain
Council
of
Commerce
,
to
be
held
in
his
Presence
,
by
whose
Advice
he
created
several
Companies
,
who
trafficking
in
all
parts
of
the
World
,
render'd
the
Great
Name
of
their
Prince
Glorious
in
far
distant
Countries
.
Besides
,
that
he
granted
them
many
Privileges
,
they
were
provided
both
with
Money
and
Ships
by
the
King
,
to
carry
on
the
design
,
and
never
wanted
necessary
Convoys
to
conduct
them
safely
to
the
place
whither
they
were
bound
.
It
was
upon
the
score
of
Commerce
that
an
Expedition
was
undertaken
against
the
Coast
of
Barbary
,
The
enterprise
against
Gigery
,
July
19
,
1664.
it
being
certain
,
that
it
was
not
out
of
a
motive
of
extending
his
Conquests
the
King
sent
thither
his
Forces
,
but
chiefly
for
the
conveniency
of
a
Harbour
,
from
whence
to
annoy
and
bridle
those
Insolent
Pyrates
,
that
are
continually
disturbing
the
Trade
on
those
Coasts
.
The
success
was
at
first
answerable
to
the
design
,
they
having
made
themselves
Masters
of
Gigery
,
and
,
notwithstanding
,
they
were
ill
provided
with
Provision
and
Ammunition
,
maintain'd
themselves
in
the
place
three
whole
Months
.
But
the
number
of
the
Enemies
encreasing
daily
,
and
the
Plague
and
Famine
which
at
that
time
,
October
31
,
1664.
made
great
havock
on
the
Coast
of
Provence
having
retarded
the
Convoys
designed
for
their
succour
,
they
were
at
last
forced
to
abandon
the
place
,
and
to
return
into
France
.
This
Expedition
proved
thus
unfortunate
in
the
end
,
having
been
undertaken
not
without
great
charges
,
besides
,
that
we
lost
some
of
our
best
Troops
,
and
received
some
disgrace
.
But
this
misfortune
was
abundantly
recompensed
by
the
Honour
the
French
had
acquir'd
two
or
three
Months
before
.
The
Turks
and
Tartars
having
made
a
most
powerful
Eruption
in
Hungary
,
The
King
sent
succour
to
the
Emperor
.
and
the
German
Emperour
Leopold
I.
demanding
Succours
from
our
King
,
he
sent
him
six
thousand
chosen
Men.
These
Troops
had
signaliz'd
themselves
in
many
Encounters
,
but
more
particularly
in
the
Battle
fought
near
St.
Goddard
.
Seven
or
eight
thousand
of
the
bravest
among
the
Infidels
having
pass'd
,
unperceiv'd
by
the
Christians
,
a
River
which
parted
both
their
Camps
,
charged
the
right
Wing
of
the
last
with
such
incredible
fury
that
they
made
them
give
way
,
without
much
opposition
.
In
all
human
appearance
the
whole
Christian
Army
must
have
been
put
to
an
entire
rout
,
if
the
French
,
who
were
in
the
left
Wing
,
had
not
come
up
very
opportunely
with
the
Turks
,
and
like
lightning
charged
thro'
them
with
so
much
bravery
,
that
they
put
them
in
confusion
,
and
made
such
a
slaughter
among
them
,
that
five
or
six
thousand
remained
dead
upon
the
spot
.
To
be
short
,
the
Victory
was
compleat
;
they
brought
off
a
great
many
Standards
and
Colours
,
and
sixteen
pieces
of
Cannon
,
most
of
the
abovementioned
Turks
being
either
slain
or
drown'd
in
the
River
.
Those
few
that
escaped
by
flight
put
the
whole
Turkish
Camp
into
such
a
consternation
,
that
the
Grand
Visier
,
notwithstanding
he
had
yet
remaining
with
him
an
Army
of
above
forty
thousand
Men
,
in
few
days
after
,
concluded
a
Truce
with
the
Imperialists
.
As
the
French
succors
had
been
of
great
consequence
to
the
Emperor
,
The
King's
protection
of
the
Dutch
against
the
Bishop
of
Munster
,
1665.
so
the
protection
which
the
King
was
pleased
to
afford
to
the
Hollanders
stood
them
in
no
less
stead
,
against
Bernard
Van
Galen
,
then
Bishop
of
Munster
,
a
Man
of
a
turbulent
Spirit
,
better
qualifi'd
for
a
General
than
a
Prelate
.
For
the
King
of
England
having
declar'd
War
against
them
,
had
at
the
same
time
stir'd
up
the
Bishop
,
who
being
a
troublesome
Neighbour
to
the
Dutch
,
never
wanted
pretensions
,
but
only
an
opportunity
to
quarrel
with
them
,
being
a
Man
aspiring
and
bold
to
undertake
any
thing
,
and
at
that
time
when
he
was
so
well
provided
with
good
Forces
and
other
things
requisite
for
such
an
undertaking
.
The
Hollanders
had
all
the
reason
in
the
World
to
be
surprized
at
this
unexpected
rupture
,
as
having
liv'd
for
five
Years
in
perfect
Tranquility
,
and
consequently
disbanded
their
Troops
,
except
such
as
serv'd
in
Garrisons
on
their
Frontier
places
.
The
Bishop
taking
advantage
from
the
ill
State
of
their
Troops
,
made
an
irruption
into
their
Territories
,
and
over-run
entirely
one
of
their
Provinces
,
where
he
made
himself
Master
of
their
Cities
,
and
ravaged
the
Countrywhere-ever
he
came
,
which
struck
such
a
consternation
into
the
adjacent
Provinces
,
that
it
was
feared
,
they
would
scarce
have
Courage
enough
to
resist
his
Victorious
Arms.
In
this
perplexity
,
having
made
their
Addresses
to
our
King
,
he
order'd
six
thousand
Foot
and
two
thousand
Horse
instantly
to
march
to
their
relief
.
Hitherto
nothing
had
been
able
to
put
a
stop
to
the
Current
of
the
Conquests
of
the
Bishop
,
but
the
terrour
of
the
Force
of
France
had
such
a
Powerful
influence
over
him
,
that
he
began
to
abate
immediately
of
his
fierceness
,
and
in
less
than
three
Months
time
,
matters
were
brought
to
a
composition
,
by
Virtue
of
which
,
he
was
obliged
to
disband
his
Troops
,
to
Surrender
to
the
States
all
that
he
had
taken
,
and
restore
to
them
their
former
Tranquillity
.
The
Hollanders
being
by
the
Treaty
of
Cleves
delivered
from
the
fear
of
this
troublesome
Enemy
,
The
Dutch
protected
against
the
English
,
1666.
they
now
apply'd
themselves
with
all
their
might
,
to
the
prosecution
of
the
War
against
the
English
.
The
States-General
had
,
at
the
first
beginning
of
the
War
,
sollicited
the
King
for
succours
against
the
English
,
or
at
least
,
his
Mediation
for
the
composing
of
the
differences
betwixt
them
.
The
King
at
their
request
sent
a
Solemn
Embassy
to
London
to
offer
his
Mediation
,
which
being
accepted
of
by
the
King
of
England
,
the
Conferences
were
began
in
London
.
But
King
Charles
II.
having
happily
suppress'd
some
tumultuous
Assemblies
of
the
Fanatick
Party
,
which
hitherto
had
kept
matters
in
suspense
,
without
expecting
the
issue
of
this
Negotiation
,
order'd
his
Fleet
to
put
out
to
Sea
in
quest
of
the
Dutch
,
even
in
their
Ports
.
Our
King
having
all
the
reason
in
the
World
to
be
dissatisfied
with
the
King
of
England
,
enter'd
into
to
a
League
offensive
with
the
States-General
.
Thus
the
War
being
kindled
,
1665
,
1666.
it
broke
out
into
so
violent
a
Flame
,
that
for
two
Summers
successively
,
the
Seas
betwixt
the
English
and
Flanders
Coast
,
seem'd
to
be
all
on
Fire
,
there
being
nothing
to
be
heard
of
but
slaughter
,
and
the
thundering
of
Cannons
.
In
these
several
most
bloody
Engagements
,
neither
party
could
boast
of
any
real
advantage
over
the
other
,
the
Victory
inclining
one
time
on
one
,
and
at
another
on
the
other
side
;
both
parties
at
the
same
time
claiming
the
Honour
of
the
Victory
,
and
dissembling
their
losses
.
The
Hollanders
,
notwithstanding
they
much
flatter'd
themselves
with
the
Honour
they
believed
to
have
gain'd
against
their
Enemies
,
yet
were
very
desirous
of
Peace
,
these
Demi-triumphs
,
and
the
loss
of
so
many
brave
Seamen
being
but
a
slender
recompence
for
the
damage
they
receiv'd
in
the
interruption
of
their
Commerce
.
The
English
irritated
more
by
shame
than
the
consideration
of
their
losses
,
left
no
Stone
unturn'd
to
break
this
Alliance
,
and
to
draw
our
King
from
the
Dutch
Interest
;
but
in
vain
,
for
the
King
protesting
he
would
not
abandon
his
Allies
,
a
Peace
was
soon
after
concluded
at
Breda
,
July
31
,
1667.
which
was
very
advantageous
to
the
States
.
About
two
Months
before
the
conclusion
of
this
Treaty
,
the
King
was
enter'd
Flanders
with
a
considerable
Force
,
to
do
himself
Justice
on
the
just
Pretensions
of
the
Queen
:
Her
right
was
so
unquestionable
on
the
Dutchy
of
Brabant
and
its
Dependencies
,
upon
part
of
Gueldres
,
upon
Luxemburgh
,
the
Franchè
Comtè
,
Mons
,
Antwerp
,
Cambray
,
Malines
,
Limbourg
,
Namur
,
and
some
other
places
on
the
Meuse
,
that
the
King
having
taken
the
Advice
of
the
most
Famous
Lawyers
of
the
Low-Countries
,
upon
the
point
in
question
,
under
borrow'd
Names
,
they
were
unanimously
of
opinion
,
that
her
Right
was
indisputable
.
According
to
the
Custom
of
these
.
Provinces
,
it
is
an
Establish'd
Law
,
that
the
Children
begotten
in
the
first
Marriage
become
Heirs
to
the
Possessions
of
their
Parents
,
immediately
after
the
Decease
of
one
of
them
.
the
Survivor
enjoying
only
the
benefit
of
them
during
Life
.
Philip
IV.
King
of
Spain
had
by
Isabella
his
first
Spouse
,
only
two
Children
,
to
wit
,
Prince
Balthasar
.
one
Son
,
and
one
Daughter
,
since
Queen
of
France
,
who
surviving
the
Prince
,
these
Provinces
by
right
of
Succession
,
pursuant
to
the
Custom
of
the
Country
,
which
regulates
as
well
the
right
of
Succession
in
respect
to
Soveraigns
,
as
private
Persons
,
were
devolved
to
her
.
It
must
be
confess'd
,
that
,
at
the
time
of
her
Marriage
,
they
had
taken
this
precaution
,
to
make
her
renounce
all
her
Rights
and
Pretensions
to
those
Provinces
;
but
besides
,
the
Act
it self
was
so
defective
in
Form
,
and
full
of
Nullities
,
that
according
to
the
judgment
of
the
most
understanding
and
unbyass'd
Persons
,
it
could
not
pass
for
a
Legal
Act.
She
renounces
all
her
Rights
and
Pretensions
,
without
naming
any
in
particular
.
She
therefore
resgn'd
that
which
she
knew
not
,
and
what
she
had
not
had
the
opportunity
to
examine
,
of
what
moment
it
was
she
was
going
to
do
,
and
this
when
she
was
under
Age
,
rather
out
of
a
Motive
of
Obedience
,
than
free
Choice
.
And
to
this
the
Authority
of
a
Father
and
King
,
the
want
of
Experience
and
Knowledge
of
her
own
Interest
,
the
Passion
she
had
for
the
King's
Person
,
and
the
prospect
of
having
for
her
Spouse
,
one
of
the
handsomest
and
greatest
Princes
of
Europe
;
All
these
,
if
taken
together
,
what
wonder
is
it
,
if
the
Infanta
had
not
constancy
enough
to
refuse
the
Request
of
the
King
her
Father
,
and
blindly
to
follow
his
Dictates
.
Thus
they
had
made
her
renounce
to
the
Succession
of
the
Empire
of
the
Indies
,
of
the
Kingdoms
of
Castile
,
and
Arragon
,
of
Sicily
,
and
Naples
,
Sardinia
,
and
Majorca
,
to
the
Dutchy
of
Milan
,
and
the
Sovereignty
of
nine
Provinces
in
the
Low
Countries
;
I
say
to
the
hopes
,
forasmuch
as
her
Brother
was
alive
,
but
so
infirm
,
that
it
was
supposed
he
could
not
live
very
long
.
Another
consideration
,
Charles
II.
King
of
Spain
.
which
is
of
no
slight
moment
,
is
,
that
this
Renunciation
was
made
without
allowing
her
any
other
equivalent
,
Golden
Crown
8
s.
6
d.
Sterl
.
except
five
hundred
thousand
Golden
Crown
pieces
,
which
indeed
,
was
owing
to
her
before
on
the
account
of
her
Mothers
Dowry
.
Could
any
thing
be
more
injuriously
contrived
than
this
?
Another
thing
that
makes
this
void
and
of
no
effect
is
,
that
this
Equivalent
(
supposing
it
should
be
term'd
so
)
was
never
paid
to
her
,
neither
in
her
Father's
life
time
,
nor
after
his
Death
;
nay
,
there
was
no
tender
made
of
it
within
the
time
limited
in
the
Act
;
without
which
,
it
plainly
appears
,
that
the
Queen
did
not
make
this
Renunciation
,
but
in
consideration
of
the
said
summ
,
to
be
paid
at
the
terms
,
mentioned
in
the
Contract
.
Who
is
so
ignorant
as
not
to
understand
,
that
in
all
conditional
Contracts
their
validity
depends
on
the
accomplishment
of
the
Conditions
therein
contained
?
Another
Capital
defect
in
this
Act
is
,
that
it
was
not
corroborated
by
these
circumstances
,
which
in
a
case
of
that
moment
,
are
prescribed
by
the
Laws
.
As
the
order
of
Succession
ought
to
be
considered
as
one
of
the
fundamental
Laws
of
an
Empire
or
Kingdom
,
so
the
same
is
unalterable
,
unless
by
consent
of
the
People
Assembled
for
that
purpose
.
The
Queen
being
,
after
her
Brother's
Death
,
the
unquestionable
and
immediate
Heiress
to
the
Crown
of
Spain
,
his
most
Catholick
Majesty
,
when
he
intended
to
deprive
and
exclude
this
Princess
of
her
Legal
Inheritance
,
ought
to
have
call'd
together
an
Assembly
of
all
the
States
of
the
whole
Kingdom
,
and
the
Queen
in
their
Presence
ought
to
have
made
a
publick
Renunciation
,
both
for
her self
and
Children
,
to
the
Succession
of
all
these
Dominions
;
after
which
,
the
said
Renunciation
must
have
been
Published
throughout
all
the
Territories
under
the
Jurisdiction
of
Spain
.
But
it
being
certain
,
that
not
the
least
of
all
these
circumstances
had
been
observed
in
this
Act
,
it
cannot
be
considered
as
a
Legal
Transaction
,
but
as
surreptitious
and
forced
upon
the
Queen
without
her
knowledge
.
It
ought
to
be
look'd
upon
as
a
meer
State-trick
and
contrivance
of
the
Spaniards
,
to
serve
their
own
turn
and
ambitious
designs
,
which
being
contrary
to
all
Laws
,
could
not
in
the
least
impair
the
Legal
Right
of
the
Queen
,
or
of
the
Prince
her
Son
.
Notwithstanding
the
King
had
thus
all
the
reason
in
the
World
,
neither
wanted
sufficient
power
to
oblige
the
Spaniards
to
a
full
satisfaction
,
he
nevertheless
offer'd
to
come
with
them
to
a
Composition
.
The
Queen-Mother
made
use
of
all
her
Interest
to
prevail
with
the
Spaniards
,
either
to
give
satisfaction
to
the
King
upon
his
demands
,
or
else
to
accept
of
the
King
's
Gracious
offer
,
to
take
an
Equivalent
,
and
to
release
part
of
his
Right
,
provided
they
would
put
him
in
quiet
possession
of
the
rest
.
The
Queen-Mother
Anna
of
Austria
dies
Jan.
20.
1666.
But
all
her
endeavours
proved
fruitless
,
the
Queen
dying
before
she
could
bring
it
to
a
conclusion
.
She
was
universally
lamented
by
the
whole
Kingdom
,
and
that
not
without
great
reason
;
France
having
not
for
many
Years
before
been
blessed
with
a
Queen
more
deserving
than
her self
.
She
was
of
a
very
noble
aspect
,
but
endowed
with
a
much
more
noble
Soul
,
a
Soul
truly
great
;
and
elevated
above
the
common
rank
,
Pious
,
Obliging
,
and
Honourable
,
whose
greatest
pleasure
was
to
doe
good
,
and
who
by
her
charming
conversation
,
drew
both
Love
and
Respect
from
all
who
had
the
Honour
to
know
her
.
After
the
Decease
of
the
Queen
,
our
King
renewed
his
former
demands
at
the
Court
of
Madrid
,
and
as
the
case
then
stood
with
Spain
,
there
were
very
few
,
who
balancing
their
Forces
with
ours
at
that
time
,
were
not
of
opinion
,
that
,
if
it
should
come
to
a
rupture
,
the
Spaniards
might
think
themselves
happy
,
if
they
could
come
off
with
the
loss
of
what
they
were
so
much
afraid
to
lose
.
For
their
Troops
in
Flanders
were
in
a
very
ill
condition
,
their
Fortifications
had
been
neglected
,
and
were
neither
provided
with
Ammunition
,
nor
a
sufficient
number
of
good
Troops
.
The
Council
of
Spain
could
not
be
ignorant
of
all
this
,
but
whether
it
were
that
they
rely'd
upon
the
assistance
of
their
Allies
,
or
that
they
did
not
rightly
measure
the
King's
strength
and
resolution
,
certain
it
is
,
that
he
could
never
obtain
any
satisfaction
as
to
his
just
Right
,
no
not
as
much
as
a
promise
of
ever
obtaining
any
upon
that
score
;
so
that
after
a
fruitless
Treaty
of
eighteen
or
twenty
Months
,
The
King
enters
Flanders
,
1667.
our
King
was
obliged
to
have
recourse
to
Arms.
He
marched
therefore
in
Person
,
at
the
head
of
an
Army
of
thirty
five
thousand
Men
,
commanded
under
him
by
the
Viscount
Turenne
,
into
Flanders
.
At
the
same
time
he
ordered
two
Flying
Camps
,
the
one
to
enter
the
County
of
Luxemburgh
,
under
the
Command
of
Francis
de
Crequy
,
Marshal
of
France
,
to
observe
the
motions
of
the
Germans
on
that
side
;
the
other
to
take
its
march
along
the
Sea
Coast
,
under
the
Command
of
Anthony
d'
Aumont
Marshal
of
France
,
who
took
Courtray
in
two
days
,
Dyxmuiden
in
four
and
twenty
Hours
;
Furnes
in
one
Day
;
and
Armentiers
surrender'd
as
soon
as
he
appear'd
before
it
.
The
Army
which
the
King
commanded
in
Person
,
found
as
little
resistance
as
the
other
,
Charleroy
was
demolished
by
the
Spaniards
;
Binch
and
Aeth
opened
their
Gates
at
the
same
moment
they
appeared
in
sight
of
them
;
Tournay
did
not
hold
out
above
twice
four
and
twenty
Hours
,
and
Dovay
and
its
Citadel
no
longer
;
Oudenarde
not
above
one
Day
,
and
Alost
but
a
few
Hours
:
To
be
short
,
in
less
than
four
Months
time
they
made
themselves
Masters
of
thirteen
or
fourteen
places
,
all
very
considerable
for
their
strength
.
Lisle
alone
held
out
a
Siege
of
eleven
days
,
after
opening
of
the
Trenches
.
It
is
a
large
City
,
very
well
Fortified
,
and
accounted
the
most
Populous
of
any
in
the
Spanish
Netherlands
.
There
were
at
that
time
within
the
City
,
no
less
than
thirty
thousand
Inhabitants
capable
of
bearing
Arms
,
besides
four
thousand
Soldiers
,
and
a
great
number
of
good
Officers
and
Volunteers
,
who
had
thrown
themselves
into
the
Place
,
to
signalize
themselves
upon
this
occasion
,
under
one
of
the
best
and
most
experienc'd
Commanders
in
the
Spanish
Service
.
The
King
having
received
Advice
that
the
Count
de
Marcin
General
of
the
Spanish
Army
,
was
on
his
march
to
relieve
the
Place
,
he
detach'd
the
Marshal
de
Crequi
(
who
had
joyn'd
him
before
with
his
Flying
Camp
)
to
possess
himself
of
all
the
Avenues
,
thro'
which
the
Count
de
Marcin
must
needs
approach
the
place
.
The
City
being
in
the
mean
while
forced
to
Capitulate
,
the
King
resolved
to
march
streight
to
the
Enemy
;
But
the
Marshal
de
Crequi
on
one
,
and
Bernard
de
Gigant
de
Bellefons
,
likewise
Marshal
of
France
,
on
the
other
side
,
had
saved
the
King
this
trouble
;
they
having
before
routed
the
Spaniards
,
of
whom
they
killed
five
hundred
upon
the
spot
,
took
from
them
several
Standards
and
Kettle-Drums
,
and
three
hundred
Prisoners
,
among
whom
were
many
Colonels
,
and
some
of
their
General
Officers
.
Count
Marcin
,
who
was
not
insensible
that
the
whole
fortune
of
Flanders
depended
on
his
Army
,
thought
it
most
advisable
to
make
a
safe
retreat
,
and
to
throw
his
Troops
into
such
places
,
as
were
most
exposed
to
the
Victorious
Enemy
.
This
prodigious
progress
of
the
King's
Arms
,
did
alarm
all
the
Neighbouring
Princes
,
who
did
not
without
great
reason
fear
,
that
the
next
Campaign
,
he
would
like
a
torrent
,
over-run
all
the
rest
of
the
Spanish
Netherlands
.
There
had
for
many
Years
last
past
,
been
an
implacable
hatred
between
the
Spaniards
and
Dutch
;
but
,
as
Love
and
Hatred
among
Sovereigns
are
swayed
by
Interest
,
these
two
Nations
setting
aside
all
former
Animosities
,
were
soon
reconciled
,
when
the
last
being
terrified
by
the
late
success
of
our
Arms
,
found
their
own
security
to
depend
on
the
preservation
of
the
first
;
to
stop
the
Progress
of
the
King's
Conquests
,
and
to
preserve
Flanders
from
falling
into
his
Hands
,
the
Hollanders
enter'd
into
a
League
with
England
and
Sueden
,
by
virtue
of
which
,
Jan.
23.
1668.
these
three
engaged
themselves
to
furnish
each
of
them
fifteen
thousand
Men
(
besides
their
quota
at
Sea
)
for
the
defence
of
Flanders
:
This
League
was
called
the
Tripple
Alliance
.
But
,
as
their
chief
aim
was
rather
to
terrifie
both
Parties
into
a
compliance
,
than
to
enter
into
an
open
War
,
they
offer'd
their
Mediation
with
this
Solemn
Declaration
,
that
they
were
ready
to
take
up
Arms
,
against
either
of
these
two
Crowns
,
which
they
should
find
averse
to
the
Peace
.
The
King
,
tho'
in
the
midst
of
the
Career
of
his
Victories
,
yet
was
not
unwilling
to
hearken
to
their
Propositions
;
and
,
notwithstanding
,
what
he
had
taken
from
the
Spaniards
did
fall
far
short
from
what
his
just
Pretensions
were
on
the
Queen's
account
,
yet
he
offer'd
to
rest
contented
with
his
Conquests
.
A
Treaty
was
therefore
agreed
on
to
be
set
on
Foot
at
Aix
la
Chapelle
,
to
compose
these
differences
;
But
the
Spanish
Ambassadours
only
endeavouring
to
gain
time
by
delays
,
the
King
,
to
oblige
them
to
a
more
ready
compliance
,
and
not
to
let
slip
any
opportunity
of
pursuing
his
Right
,
Fel
1668.
conquer'd
the
Franche
Compte
in
the
very
heart
of
the
Winter
.
Neither
the
Frosts
nor
Snow
,
neither
the
overflowing
of
the
Rivers
,
nor
badness
of
the
Ways
,
were
able
to
stay
him
at
home
,
nor
to
prevent
his
march
,
but
with
an
eagerness
suitable
to
the
greatness
of
his
design
,
he
appear'd
at
the
Head
of
his
Army
,
with
such
success
,
that
the
whole
Province
submitted
within
the
space
of
eight
days
,
A
Conquest
so
sudden
did
not
only
surprize
the
Spaniards
,
but
also
the
Mediators
,
to
that
degree
,
that
without
any
further
tergiversations
,
they
offer'd
to
grant
the
King
's
former
demands
,
provided
he
would
restore
the
Franche
Compte
.
The
King
was
unwilling
to
part
with
so
fair
a
Province
,
extreamly
convenient
for
its
situation
;
but
the
Love
of
Peace
prevailing
over
his
Interest
,
he
resolv'd
rather
to
abandon
that
Province
,
than
to
continue
the
War
,
at
a
time
when
the
Allies
being
more
powerful
at
Sea
than
the
French
,
might
,
in
all
probability
,
have
made
an
attempt
upon
our
Coasts
,
or
at
least
have
ruin'd
our
Trade
at
Sea
;
A
Peace
was
therefore
concluded
at
Aix
la
Chapelle
,
on
the
Second
of
May
,
in
the
Year
1668.
by
Virtue
of
which
,
our
King
restor'd
to
the
Spaniards
the
Franche
Compte
,
all
their
Fortifications
demolish'd
;
and
these
resign'd
to
the
King
all
the
places
they
had
Conquer'd
in
Flanders
,
with
their
dependencies
.
This
Peace
was
soon
follow'd
by
the
re-establishment
of
an
union
in
the
Church
,
Jansenism
suppress'd
in
France
.
which
for
these
fifteen
or
twenty
Years
last
past
,
had
been
interrupted
by
some
disputes
about
the
true
nature
of
Grace
,
and
were
risen
to
that
pitch
,
as
to
threaten
the
Church
and
State
with
great
Commotions
,
if
by
the
prudent
Care
of
the
King
the
Tempest
had
not
been
laid
,
and
a
perfect
Calm
introduc'd
.
The
most
surprising
thing
in
the
World
!
That
Religion
which
should
be
the
strictest
tye
of
Charity
among
Men
,
proves
two
frequently
the
scource
of
Contests
and
Divisions
.
What
is
more
frequent
,
than
to
see
Mankind
follow
blindfold
the
opinion
of
their
Leaders
with
so
much
Zeal
,
as
to
involve
the
State
in
a
Civil
War
;
a
Prince
therefore
,
who
truly
understands
his
Interest
,
can
never
be
too
watchful
to
keep
a
strict
Hand
over
those
who
sow
the
first
Seeds
of
these
Discords
,
and
when
he
has
nipp'd
them
in
the
bud
,
to
take
effectual
care
to
prevent
them
from
growing
again
,
and
taking
root
among
his
Subjects
.
As
it
is
beyond
question
,
that
Mankind
are
not
capable
of
performing
any
good
Works
meriting
Eternal
Salvation
without
God's
Grace
,
so
it
is
very
difficult
to
determine
in
what
manner
this
Grace
operates
in
us
:
This
is
one
of
those
Mystery's
which
are
not
to
be
attempted
without
great
hazard
,
the
scrutiny
proving
frequently
dangerous
to
the
Undertaker
,
who
flatters
himself
to
exhaust
their
meaning
,
rather
by
subtilities
than
a
plain
interpretation
,
Into
what
gross
errors
are
we
not
apt
to
fall
,
when
flattering
our selves
to
be
more
quick-sighted
than
others
,
we
bid
farewel
to
true
Humility
and
Submission
.
Under
Pope
Clement
VIII
.
this
point
first
began
to
be
call'd
in
question
betwixt
two
Religious
Orders
,
who
in
order
to
take
cognisance
of
the
matter
,
appointed
a
Congregation
composed
of
Cardinals
,
and
the
most
Learned
Divines
in
Rome
.
Pope
Paul
V.
reviv'd
the
said
Congregation
,
with
an
intention
to
give
a
final
decision
in
the
matter
;
but
the
differences
arisen
betwixt
him
and
the
Venetians
,
having
diverted
his
thoughts
another
way
,
all
these
great
preparations
produc'd
no
other
effect
,
but
only
a
Decree
from
the
Court
of
Inquisition
,
forbiding
all
Members
of
the
Catholick
Church
to
Write
,
or
enter
into
any
Dispute
,
or
to
accuse
one
another
of
presumption
,
or
erroneous
Opinions
concerning
the
Doctrine
of
Grace
.
But
this
prohibition
was
not
sufficient
to
terrifie
a
certain
Bishop
of
Ypres
in
Flanders
,
(
whose
Name
was
Cornelius
Jansenius
)
a
Man
of
very
profound
Learning
,
to
write
a
Book
concerning
this
Doctrine
in
a
very
lofty
Stile
,
as
believing
,
that
his
frequently
perusing
and
pondering
upon
Austin
,
who
was
always
look'd
upon
as
the
true
Oracle
of
Grace
,
he
had
surmounted
all
difficulties
relating
to
this
Controversie
.
This
Book
was
Printed
the
first
time
at
Paris
,
1639.
It
was
upon
this
assurance
that
the
Bishop
flatter'd
himself
to
have
found
out
the
true
meaning
of
this
Doctor
,
and
to
have
received
his
Doctrine
in
its
genuine
Purity
,
free
from
the
errors
,
which
had
been
neglected
in
the
Catholick
Schools
for
above
five
hundred
Years
past
;
but
these
his
specious
pretences
were
not
able
to
exempt
his
Book
from
the
censure
of
Pope
Urban
VIII
.
who
condemn'd
it
,
without
making
the
least
Reflections
upon
any
of
his
Propositions
in
particular
,
alledging
only
for
a
reason
,
because
the
Doctrine
contained
in
this
Book
might
revive
some
errors
,
formerly
condemned
,
as
such
by
Pope
Pius
V.
and
Pope
Gregory
XIII
.
France
had
hitherto
stood
neuter
,
the
Learned
there
having
espous'd
neither
side
,
but
after
it
began
to
make
such
noise
in
the
World
,
a
certain
set
of
Men
,
of
an
extraordinary
Zeal
,
and
great
Austerity
of
Life
,
besides
this
well
vers'd
in
all
manner
of
Learning
,
and
Writing
upon
most
Subjects
with
a
great
deal
of
Politeness
,
began
first
to
make
this
Book
the
object
of
their
Solitary
Entertainment
,
and
afterwards
publickly
to
espouse
the
Quarrel
with
so
much
boldness
,
that
they
spared
no
Body
in
their
Writings
,
a
fault
commonly
belonging
to
those
who
are
very
zealous
and
passionate
for
Novelties
.
The
extraordinary
reputation
of
the
Author
,
the
moment
of
the
point
in
question
,
but
above
all
,
the
great
and
so
much
admired
Name
of
St.
Austin
,
who
appear'd
in
the
Frontispiece
of
the
Book
;
add
to
this
the
merits
of
the
Persons
who
had
engaged
in
its
defence
,
their
intreagues
and
Cabals
,
all
this
together
had
made
this
Book
so
Famous
throughout
the
whole
Kingdom
,
that
it
was
the
chief
object
of
Entertainment
among
the
Learned
,
who
for
the
most
part
talk'd
of
nothing
so
much
as
of
the
Triumph
and
Omnipotency
of
Grace
over
the
Free-Will
.
On
the
other
Hand
,
those
that
oppos'd
themselves
to
this
new
broach'd
Doctrine
,
pretended
to
evince
,
that
what
was
contain'd
in
the
Bishop's
Book
,
was
no
more
than
a
repetition
of
those
Errors
maintain'd
by
Calvin
in
respect
of
the
Mystery
of
Grace
.
Both
Parties
maintaining
their
Opinions
with
so
much
heat
,
that
things
seem'd
to
tend
to
some
remarkable
Revolution
in
the
Church
,
if
the
Bishops
had
not
given
as
many
eminent
demonstrations
of
their
Zeal
for
the
suppressing
of
this
new
Doctrine
,
as
its
Defenders
shewed
eagerness
in
propagating
and
spreading
it
among
the
People
.
France
being
about
that
time
involv'd
in
heavy
both
Foreign
and
Civil
Wars
,
it
was
impossible
to
call
together
either
a
National
or
Provincial
Assembly
,
for
which
reason
,
fourscore
and
five
Bishops
writ
to
Pope
Innocent
X.
to
intreat
his
Holiness
,
to
put
an
end
to
these
Controversies
,
by
giving
his
decisive
Opinion
,
concerning
these
five
Propositions
,
which
they
said
,
were
the
Foundation
,
and
as
it
were
the
Abridgment
of
the
whole
Doctrine
contain'd
in
the
Book
of
Jansenius
.
His
Disciples
on
the
other
Hand
were
not
negligent
in
the
matter
,
but
sent
some
of
their
Members
to
Rome
,
who
endeavour'd
to
maintain
their
Doctrine
,
both
in
several
Private
Audiences
which
were
granted
them
by
the
Pope
,
and
in
those
Congregations
which
were
held
in
the
Pope's
Presence
,
to
debate
upon
a
matter
of
so
great
moment
.
But
all
their
efforts
proved
fruitless
,
their
Arguments
not
being
strong
enough
to
convince
the
Holy
Father
,
who
condemned
and
declared
the
following
Propositions
as
Heretical
.
I.
-
Some
of
God's
Commandments
are
impossible
to
be
performed
by
a
righteous
Man
,
notwithstanding
he
does
not
want
Will
,
and
does
as
much
as
possible
in
him
lies
,
according
to
his
present
condition
,
to
accomplish
them
,
he
being
destitute
of
Grace
,
which
enables
him
to
fulfil
the
Will
of
God
.
II.
-
We
don't
resist
the
Internal
Grace
,
even
considered
as
in
the
State
of
corrupted
Nature
.
III.
-
To
perform
good
or
bad
Works
in
the
State
of
corrupted
Nature
,
there
is
not
absolutely
requisite
a
liberty
in
us
Mortals
which
implies
a
necessity
,
but
only
such
a
Liberty
as
excludes
all
constraint
.
IV.
-
The
Demi-Pelagians
did
admit
of
the
necessity
of
an
Internal
preventing
Grace
;
in
each
particular
Action
,
even
in
the
first
beginning
of
our
Faith
;
and
they
were
Hereticks
,
because
they
declared
this
Grace
to
be
of
such
a
Nature
,
as
to
be
in
the
Power
of
Men
either
to
resist
or
obey
its
motion
.
V.
-
It
savours
of
Demi-Pelagianism
to
maintain
,
that
Jesus
Christ
did
die
and
shed
his
Blood
for
all
Mankind
in
general
,
Before
the
Condemnation
of
these
Propositions
,
there
was
no
Body
,
who
in
the
least
doubted
,
but
that
they
were
the
same
which
Jansenius
had
maintain'd
in
his
Treatise
,
especially
since
all
those
who
had
espoused
his
Party
had
declared
them
to
be
so
in
Flanders
,
France
,
and
Rome
,
both
in
publick
and
private
,
in
their
Writings
and
Disputes
,
as
being
the
true
sense
of
the
Doctrine
of
St.
Austin
.
But
no
sooner
were
they
condemn'd
by
the
Pope
,
but
the
same
Persons
,
who
not
long
before
had
stood
up
in
their
defence
with
so
much
eagerness
,
declar'd
publickly
,
that
these
five
Propositions
were
no
where
to
be
met
with
in
the
Writings
of
Jansenius
,
or
at
least
not
in
the
same
sense
as
they
had
been
presented
to
the
Pope
,
and
that
being
only
an
Invention
of
some
of
his
Proselytes
,
this
Condemnation
did
not
in
the
least
impair
the
reputation
of
the
Book
or
the
Author
.
This
dispute
caused
so
much
heat
among
both
Parties
,
that
there
appear'd
greater
animosities
about
the
matter
of
Fact
,
than
there
had
been
before
concerning
the
true
merits
of
the
Cause
;
wherefore
an
Assembly
of
Bishops
being
called
together
,
March
9
,
1654.
gave
their
Opinion
in
express
Terms
;
That
these
were
the
Propositions
of
Jansenius
,
and
were
Condemned
as
such
,
in
the
same
sense
as
he
had
maintained
them
in
his
Treatise
.
This
Declaration
was
not
long
after
confirm'd
by
a
Brief
from
Rome
,
with
a
certain
Formular
annex'd
to
it
.
In
May
1654.
In
September
1656.
Two
Assemblies
were
held
in
France
on
the
account
of
this
Formular
,
in
which
it
was
resolved
by
the
Bishops
there
present
,
that
the
said
Formular
should
be
subscribed
by
all
the
Bishops
and
other
Ecclesiasticks
of
each
Diocese
.
But
these
resolutions
were
not
put
in
execution
at
that
time
,
but
the
matter
hung
in
suspense
,
till
the
King
interposing
his
Authority
,
brought
it
to
perfection
.
After
he
had
taken
the
Reins
of
the
Government
into
his
own
Hands
,
his
chiefest
care
was
,
how
to
find
out
suitable
remedies
against
these
Intestine
Divisions
,
which
revived
in
him
that
most
terrible
Idea
of
all
the
mischiefs
and
misfortunes
,
which
,
occasioned
by
the
followers
of
the
Doctrine
of
Calvin
,
had
afflicted
the
Kingdom
for
these
thirty
Years
last
past
.
When
he
recall'd
to
mind
and
seriously
reflected
how
by
the
intreagues
of
this
Sect
,
above
a
Million
of
the
bravest
of
his
Subjects
had
been
Massacred
,
or
kill'd
in
the
Wars
,
how
above
three
hundred
goodly
Cities
had
been
destroy'd
,
and
the
most
Antient
and
Richest
Families
in
France
were
very
near
extirpated
;
the
more
,
I
say
,
he
reflected
upon
these
Calamities
,
the
more
he
judged
it
becoming
his
present
station
,
to
stifle
in
the
very
Cradle
this
growing
Evil
,
which
in
time
might
prove
fatal
both
to
Church
and
State
.
The
Followers
of
Jansenius
refusing
to
sign
the
Formular
,
pursuant
to
the
Orders
of
the
Assemblies
,
alledging
,
that
they
had
no
Authority
to
oblige
them
to
it
,
the
King
applied
himself
to
Pope
Alexander
VII
.
desiring
him
to
prescribe
another
Formular
,
and
by
his
Bull
to
Command
every
Body
to
subscribe
it
.
The
Bull
was
dated
Feb.
15.
1665.
But
after
this
Bull
had
been
obtain'd
,
they
publickly
protested
they
could
not
in
Conscience
subscribe
any
Formular
which
declar'd
the
Propositions
to
belong
to
Jansenius
,
and
that
they
had
been
Condemn'd
as
such
:
That
neither
the
Pope
nor
the
Church
it self
being
Infallible
in
things
relating
to
matter
of
Fact
,
they
ought
not
to
be
forced
to
a
blind
Obedience
.
That
their
Eyes
and
Reasons
were
the
most
natural
Guides
and
Judges
of
matter
of
Fact
;
that
indeed
Pope
Innocent
and
his
Successor
,
and
three
several
Assemblies
of
the
Bishops
had
given
their
Judgment
in
the
matter
,
and
declared
these
Propositions
to
be
the
same
,
maintain'd
by
Jansenius
,
and
they
had
been
Condemn'd
as
such
,
but
that
it
was
impossible
for
them
to
agree
with
them
in
their
Opinion
,
they
having
perus'd
and
examin'd
the
Book
of
Jansenius
with
all
the
Candour
and
Exactness
imaginable
,
and
nevertheless
had
not
been
able
to
find
out
these
Propositions
.
To
this
it
was
answer'd
,
that
to
argue
at
that
rate
,
was
in
effect
,
to
declare
in
plain
terms
,
that
the
Pope
and
the
Bishops
had
unjustly
Condemn'd
an
Innocent
Prelate
,
and
had
declar'd
a
Book
Heretical
,
which
contained
nothing
but
the
pure
Doctrine
of
St.
Austin
.
What
a
horrid
confusion
,
said
they
,
must
this
produce
,
if
it
be
allow'd
that
the
Church
may
err
to
that
degree
,
as
to
declare
and
condemn
a
most
excellent
Book
,
which
contains
nothing
but
the
purest
Truth
,
as
a
Work
of
the
Devil
?
Tho'
it
must
be
confess'd
,
that
generally
speaking
,
the
Church
is
not
infallible
as
to
every
particular
in
matters
of
Fact
,
it
is
nevertheless
undeniable
,
that
in
matters
of
the
greatest
consequence
,
tending
absolutely
to
its
Tranquillity
,
and
the
maintaining
of
Church
Discipline
,
the
Church
cannot
be
in
the
dark
,
but
ought
to
be
the
Test
of
our
Faith
;
for
how
could
she
be
the
Pillar
of
Truth
,
if
she
could
be
guilty
of
such
enormous
errors
,
as
to
oblige
us
under
the
most
severe
punishments
to
receive
that
for
real
Truth
,
which
in
effect
is
notoriously
false
.
These
Disputes
maintain'd
with
equal
heat
on
both
sides
,
were
likely
to
have
continu'd
for
ever
,
if
the
King
to
put
an
end
to
the
Controversie
,
had
not
thought
fit
to
put
the
last
Bull
in
execution
,
and
to
exhort
the
Bishops
to
take
forth
with
effectual
care
,
that
the
Formular
should
be
subscribed
by
all
the
Ecclesiasticks
,
without
exception
,
in
their
respective
Dioceses
;
commanding
his
Officers
to
assist
them
in
their
Zeal
,
and
to
give
him
an
exact
account
of
their
Proceedings
.
When
they
saw
the
King
absolutely
resolved
to
break
the
neck
of
this
Controversie
by
his
Authority
,
all
obey'd
,
and
these
Prelates
themselves
who
had
hitherto
publickly
protested
against
the
signing
of
the
Formular
,
following
the
footsteps
of
the
rest
,
Jansenism
was
quite
suppress'd
,
all
Disputes
ceas'd
,
and
Tranquillity
was
restor'd
both
in
Church
and
State
.
During
this
Calm
the
King
employed
part
of
his
time
in
erecting
most
magnificent
Structures
in
several
places
,
In
Octob.
1668.
but
especially
the
Palace
of
Versailles
,
which
from
a
simple
Hunting
Rendezvous
,
was
(
by
his
Orders
)
in
a
little
time
made
one
of
the
finest
places
in
the
World
:
For
,
in
less
than
two
Years
time
,
in
a
barren
Ground
,
without
Water
,
or
any
other
Advantages
,
there
appear'd
vast
Allies
of
Trees
,
spacious
Groves
and
Labyrinths
,
a
whole
Forest
of
Orange-Trees
:
Here
you
might
feast
your
Eyes
with
Statues
of
the
best
Marble
without
number
,
and
Cisterns
of
a
prodigious
bigness
of
the
same
Materials
:
Whereever
you
turn'd
your self
,
you
saw
Fountains
with
their
Cisterns
adorned
with
Colossus's
of
Brass
,
or
most
excellent
Figures
of
the
most
exquisite
Marble
of
a
prodigious
bigness
,
with
an
infinite
number
of
Water-spouts
,
and
a
Canal
that
reaches
out
of
sight
.
To
be
short
,
all
that
may
be
seen
,
that
is
either
extraordinary
or
surprising
in
the
most
famous
and
most
accomplish'd
Structures
,
is
to
be
met
with
here
,
there
being
nothing
that
surpasses
this
Palace
in
Magnificence
;
if
you
see
it
from
any
of
the
neighbouring
Hills
,
it
affords
the
finest
and
most
delightful
Prospect
,
that
can
be
imagined
.
The
inside
of
this
Pallace
is
in
all
respects
answerable
to
its
outward
Grandeur
.
The
most
exquisite
pieces
which
being
done
by
the
Hand
of
the
greatest
Master
of
our
Age
,
Le
Brun.
adorn
the
chiefest
Apartments
;
the
fine
Tapestries
,
interwoven
with
Gold
,
inestimable
both
for
their
Beauty
and
Workmanship
;
that
prodigious
Quantity
of
Plate
,
The
King
Sacrificed
all
his
large
Silver
Vessels
to
the
Necessity
of
the
State
,
1689.
that
variety
of
silver
Cups
,
Basons
,
and
other
Vessels
of
all
sorts
,
which
are
to
be
seen
upon
the
Side-board
Tables
;
all
these
admirable
pieces
being
the
Objects
of
our
highest
admiration
,
are
to
be
valued
by
a
silent
surprize
.
The
King
taking
a
more
than
ordinary
Delight
in
so
fine
a
place
,
he
made
it
the
constant
Residence
of
his
Court
,
which
at
that
time
appear'd
in
such
splendour
,
that
nothing
was
comparable
to
it
in
any
other
place
,
this
great
Prince
sparing
no
Cost
to
make
it
appear
the
most
magnificent
in
the
World
.
All
this
did
not
proceed
from
any
vain
Ostentation
,
or
purely
to
indulge
his
Pleasure
,
but
from
a
real
intention
to
augment
thereby
in
the
People
,
the
respect
and
esteem
due
to
the
Soveraign
;
and
to
raise
in
Foreigners
an
Idea
of
the
Riches
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
of
the
Grandeur
of
the
Prince
that
sways
the
Scepter
.
But
these
were
but
weak
and
transitory
Appearances
of
his
Greatness
;
his
Riches
,
Power
and
Generosity
in
affording
timely
Succours
to
his
Allies
,
To
the
Venetians
in
Candia
,
1669.
A
Turkish
Chiaus
,
1669.
Ambassadors
from
Muscovy
and
Guinea
,
1670.
had
rendred
his
great
Name
so
famous
among
Foreign
Nations
,
that
the
greatest
and
proudest
Monarchs
sent
their
Ambassadors
from
far
distant
Countries
,
to
court
his
Friendship
and
desire
his
Protection
.
But
as
his
growing
Reputation
could
not
but
be
a
great
Eye-sore
to
his
Jealous
Neighbours
,
who
were
kept
in
continual
Alarm
by
so
Potent
a
Prince
,
so
they
left
no
Stone
unturn'd
to
thwart
his
Design
,
and
to
stop
the
career
of
his
good
Fortune
.
Among
others
,
Charles
IV.
then
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
was
one
of
the
most
active
against
him
.
Conduct
of
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
He
was
a
Person
equally
dexterous
in
advising
and
executing
,
a
brave
Soldier
and
great
Captain
,
but
the
most
unquiet
and
inconstant
of
all
Men
living
,
whose
delight
being
to
fish
in
troubled
Waters
,
was
always
in
motion
,
always
raising
Soldiers
,
always
in
the
Field
;
making
a
Trade
of
Soldiery
,
choosing
one
side
to
Day
,
and
another
to
Morrow
,
pillaging
without
distinction
his
Subjects
,
his
Friends
and
Foes
;
a
Character
more
suitable
to
a
Cham
of
Tartary
,
than
to
a
Soveraign
of
a
small
Principality
,
whose
Interest
is
to
be
gentle
,
and
live
peaceably
,
and
to
observe
either
an
exact
Neutrality
,
or
to
shelter
himself
under
the
Protection
of
the
most
Potent
of
his
Neighbouring
Princes
.
Lewis
XIII
.
having
seized
upon
Lorrain
to
chastise
the
Duke
for
his
many
malicious
Intrigues
,
he
marched
with
his
Troops
into
Flanders
,
where
he
gather'd
vast
Riches
,
by
selling
their
Service
at
an
excessive
rate
,
at
the
beginning
of
each
Campaign
putting
his
Soldiers
Pay
into
his
own
Pocket
,
and
affording
them
no
other
Subsistence
,
than
full
liberty
to
live
at
Discretion
where-ever
they
came
,
and
to
Pillage
the
Country
at
pleasure
.
The
loud
Complaints
of
the
People
,
the
little
account
the
Duke
made
of
the
Spanish
Ministers
,
with
whom
he
would
frequently
make
his
Sport
,
having
at
last
occasioned
great
Jealousies
against
him
,
he
was
secured
,
and
not
set
at
liberty
,
till
after
the
Conclusion
of
the
General
Peace
.
By
vertue
of
this
Treaty
he
was
restored
to
his
Dominions
,
but
refusing
to
accept
of
these
Conditions
,
some
more
favourable
were
agreed
on
,
in
a
particular
Treaty
concluded
not
above
two
or
three
Days
before
the
Death
of
Cardinal
Mazarine
.
The
next
following
Year
the
said
Duke
having
a
Disgust
at
his
Family
,
proposed
his
two
Dutchies
as
a
Gift
to
the
King
,
and
as
a
Pledge
of
his
sincere
Intentions
,
offered
to
surrender
Marsal
into
his
Hands
.
In
Febr.
1652.
The
Treaty
was
no
sooner
concluded
and
signed
,
but
the
Duke
,
according
to
his
wonted
custom
began
to
make
many
Evasions
,
and
by
several
Delays
fifteen
or
sixteen
Months
passed
without
the
least
probability
of
performing
his
Promise
,
till
finding
the
place
invested
by
the
King's
Troops
,
who
were
ready
to
Besiege
it
,
he
was
constrained
to
deliver
it
up
.
During
the
Wars
in
Flanders
,
1663.
it
was
much
against
his
Will
that
he
assisted
the
King
with
four
or
five
Regiments
,
as
it
plainly
appear'd
the
Year
following
,
when
he
left
nothing
unattempted
to
debauch
them
.
After
the
Conclusion
of
the
Peace
at
Aix
la
Chapelle
,
it
was
the
Wonder
of
all
the
World
to
see
him
augment
his
Troops
,
to
make
new
Levies
,
and
enter
into
new
Alliances
.
The
King
was
not
wanting
on
his
side
to
give
him
timely
notice
,
that
he
was
not
ignorant
of
those
Transactions
;
but
his
ill
Stars
having
made
him
insensible
of
his
true
Interest
,
and
incapable
of
receiving
good
Council
,
he
continued
his
former
course
,
till
the
King
found
himself
under
an
absolute
Necessity
to
drive
him
out
of
his
Dominions
.
The
Duke
was
so
generally
hated
,
The
King
seises
upon
Lorrain
,
1670.
that
there
appear'd
not
any
Body
that
shew'd
the
least
inclination
to
espouse
his
Interest
,
much
less
to
lend
a
helping
hand
towards
his
Restauration
.
He
himself
seem'd
not
much
concerned
at
his
Loss
,
it
being
more
suitable
to
his
Inclinations
to
march
from
place
to
place
at
the
Head
of
a
good
Body
of
his
Troops
,
than
to
lie
idle
at
Mirecourt
,
his
ordinary
Residence
in
the
Dukedom
of
Lorrain
.
Living
in
expectation
of
the
next
War
,
he
imployed
most
of
his
time
in
making
Cabals
against
France
,
being
chiefly
encouraged
by
the
Hollanders
,
who
at
that
time
made
it
their
Business
to
embroil
Europe
,
and
consequently
were
extreamly
glad
to
have
met
with
a
Prince
of
his
Character
,
who
might
be
very
serviceable
to
them
in
spreading
about
fears
and
jealousies
,
thereby
to
raise
against
the
King
so
many
Enemies
,
as
might
,
under
pretence
of
protecting
this
Prince
,
serve
as
a
Check
to
the
Greatness
of
France
.
A
fatal
Maxim
of
State
!
which
had
almost
proved
the
Destruction
of
the
United
Provinces
,
and
in
effect
brought
them
to
the
very
brink
of
ruine
.
This
Commonwealth
,
Causes
of
the
Dutch
War
.
which
in
the
last
Age
was
no
more
than
a
handful
of
Men
confined
to
a
small
corner
of
the
World
,
penn'd
in
betwixt
the
Fenns
and
Waters
,
was
since
become
so
rich
by
its
Commerce
,
so
famous
by
several
Victories
;
so
dreadful
for
its
Power
and
prudent
Management
,
that
they
were
the
admiration
of
the
World
.
But
for
four
or
five
Years
past
they
had
been
so
much
blinded
with
Vain-glory
,
and
their
Affluence
of
Fortune
,
that
by
their
Vanities
they
had
drawn
upon
themselves
the
hatred
of
all
their
Neighbours
.
They
had
been
so
insolent
as
to
cause
several
Medals
to
be
made
,
containing
very
injurious
Reflections
against
Crowned
Heads
;
among
the
rest
there
was
one
representing
Hollandia
,
leaning
upon
many
Trophies
with
this
Inscription
;
That
she
had
restored
vigour
to
the
Law
,
reformed
Religion
,
protected
,
maintain'd
,
and
reconcil'd
Kings
;
clear'd
the
Seas
and
secured
the
Common
Tranquillity
,
by
the
force
of
her
Arms.
After
the
Conclusion
of
the
Peace
of
Aix
la
Chapelle
,
they
made
it
their
Boast
,
that
it
was
by
their
means
that
the
Spanish
Netherlands
had
been
preserved
,
and
that
they
had
stop'd
the
Career
of
the
King's
Conquests
and
Victories
.
They
did
without
intermission
form
Cabals
in
all
Courts
of
Europe
,
being
very
prodigal
of
their
Money
to
set
on
foot
new
Alliances
against
him
,
and
that
with
so
little
respect
to
his
Person
,
that
they
did
not
make
any
Secret
of
the
matter
,
adjuging
it
to
be
of
such
a
nature
as
to
be
pass'd
all
Dissimulation
.
The
King
to
make
a
suitable
return
,
and
to
prevent
their
Designs
against
him
,
resolved
to
attack
them
with
vigour
,
and
to
try
whether
he
could
humble
these
proud
People
,
and
revive
among
them
the
Modesty
and
Moderation
of
their
Ancestors
;
and
put
them
in
mind
what
Obligations
they
had
received
from
the
French
Kings
,
his
Predecessors
,
as
also
from
him
in
particular
.
Who
can
be
so
ignorant
,
as
not
to
know
that
without
the
Assistance
of
France
they
would
have
been
so
far
from
being
able
to
make
such
a
Figure
in
the
World
,
that
on
the
contrary
it
would
have
been
impossible
for
them
to
defend
themselves
against
the
Power
of
Spain
?
It
is
to
Henry
IV.
and
Lewis
XIII
.
they
stand
indebted
for
vast
Sums
,
and
a
considerable
Body
of
their
best
Troops
expended
and
maintained
for
their
Defence
;
and
by
the
Confession
of
the
Hollanders
themselves
,
they
scarce
ever
obtain'd
a
considerable
Victory
,
but
these
Troops
had
some
share
in
the
Action
;
it
was
but
lately
that
the
King
had
espoused
their
Interest
against
the
Bishop
of
Munster
,
and
engaged
himself
in
their
Quarrel
against
the
Crown
of
England
;
and
upon
all
Occasions
had
given
them
such
real
Demonstrations
of
his
Friendship
,
that
they
might
have
expected
any
thing
from
him
,
if
by
their
Ingratitude
they
had
not
drawn
his
Anger
upon
them
.
The
Enterprize
was
doubtless
very
Glorious
,
but
withal
very
difficult
;
they
were
well
provided
with
Money
,
they
had
a
good
Fleet
at
Sea
,
and
an
Army
on
Foot
;
their
Frontiers
were
covered
on
all
sides
with
Fortifications
;
besides
that
,
they
were
encompass'd
betwixt
the
three
Rivers
,
the
Rhine
,
the
Meuse
,
and
the
Yssel
:
Notwithstanding
all
these
Advantages
,
the
King
was
no
sooner
entred
the
Country
,
but
he
Conquered
three
of
their
Provinces
,
and
in
less
than
two
Months
time
made
himself
Master
of
above
forty
of
their
best
places
:
A
strange
Catastrophe
!
which
ought
to
serve
as
a
Lesson
to
the
World
,
that
soon
or
late
God
punishes
the
Proud
and
Ungrateful
,
and
that
it
is
his
Pleasure
to
give
us
from
time
to
time
such
remarkable
Instances
of
the
Frailty
of
all
Humane
Glory
.
AN
ESSAY
UPON
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
REIGN
OF
LEWIS
the
GREAT
.
LIB
.
III.
THE
King
having
taken
a
firm
Resolution
to
declare
War
against
the
Hollanders
,
The
Campaign
in
1672.
he
ordered
New
Levies
to
be
made
in
all
Parts
;
besides
the
Troops
in
his
Garrisons
,
which
consisted
of
fourscore
Thousand
Men
,
he
had
the
like
Number
in
the
Field
of
his
own
Subjects
;
twenty
Thousand
Swiss
newly
raised
,
ten
Thousand
Italians
,
six
or
seven
thousand
English
,
and
two
Regiments
of
Swedes
.
This
formidable
Army
was
commanded
by
the
King
in
Person
,
and
under
him
by
Lewis
de
Bourbon
II.
Prince
of
Conde
,
and
Henry
de
la
Tour
d'
Auvergne
,
Viscount
of
Turenne
,
the
two
greatest
Generals
in
Europe
.
He
had
laid
up
vast
Sums
of
Money
for
the
Payment
and
Encouragement
of
his
Soldiers
,
who
were
for
the
most
part
inured
to
the
Hardships
of
War
,
and
his
Magazines
were
stored
with
every
thing
requisite
for
the
Maintenance
of
so
vast
a
Number
.
But
tho'
it
might
be
reasonably
supposed
,
that
such
extraordinary
Warlike
Preparations
must
needs
strike
Terrour
into
all
the
Neighbouring
Princes
,
their
Eyes
were
so
much
dazzled
with
the
imaginary
Grandeur
of
the
Hollanders
,
and
with
their
vast
Riches
,
that
they
imagined
the
King
must
have
good
Fortune
,
if
in
the
first
Campaign
he
could
take
one
or
two
of
their
Frontier
places
.
They
were
so
strongly
and
generally
prepossessed
with
this
Opinion
,
that
they
thought
it
time
enough
to
talk
of
relieving
the
Hollanders
,
and
in
the
mean
while
to
provide
the
best
they
could
for
their
own
Security
.
But
the
more
difficulty
they
had
proposed
in
attacking
this
Commonwealth
,
the
more
were
they
surprized
a
little
after
,
when
they
received
the
News
of
the
most
stupendious
Success
of
his
Arms.
All
the
Low
Countries
were
put
into
such
a
Consternation
at
the
King's
March
,
that
Boisleduc
,
Husden
,
and
L'
Illo
,
tho'
at
a
g●eat
distance
opened
their
Sluces
.
But
they
might
have
saved
themselves
that
trouble
,
the
Thunderbolt
being
not
to
strike
on
that
side
.
After
he
had
provided
all
the
small
Places
round
about
Mastrick
,
with
good
Garrisons
,
to
block
up
that
place
,
he
directed
his
March
towards
the
Rhine
,
where
having
divided
his
Forces
into
four
several
Bodies
,
he
ordered
Orsoy
,
Wesel
,
Rhinberg
and
Burick
to
be
Besieged
all
at
a
time
.
They
being
all
Frontier
Places
,
were
very
well
fortified
and
provided
with
good
Garrisons
and
all
other
Necessaries
for
their
defence
;
notwithstanding
which
they
made
but
a
feeble
Resistance
,
the
King's
Troops
having
forced
them
to
a
Surrender
within
four
or
five
Days
time
.
Rhinberg
,
which
was
Besieged
by
the
King
in
Person
,
surrendred
without
Discharging
a
Cannon
.
The
Duke
of
Orleans
,
the
King's
Brother
,
was
forced
to
make
use
of
his
Artillery
for
a
few
Hours
before
Orsoy
.
For
which
reason
the
King
,
to
terrifie
the
other
Garrisons
from
being
so
presumptuous
for
the
future
,
as
to
refuse
Surrendring
at
the
first
Summons
,
order'd
that
both
the
Officers
and
Souldiers
should
be
made
Prisoners
of
War
.
Burick
was
but
one
Days
work
for
the
Viscount
of
Turenne
;
and
Wesel
surrendred
at
discretion
to
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
so
soon
as
he
had
made
himself
Master
of
a
certain
Fort
which
commanded
the
place
.
The
unexpected
Surrender
of
these
four
Towns
,
struck
such
a
terrour
into
the
Garrison
of
Rees
,
that
they
did
not
hold
out
above
two
Days
,
tho
it
be
undeniable
,
that
its
Fortifications
were
at
that
time
as
compleat
and
regular
as
any
in
Europe
.
Emmerick
was
as
soon
Surrendred
as
Besieged
;
and
Doctkum
gave
us
no
other
trouble
than
to
send
thither
a
Brigade
to
take
possession
of
it
.
Five
or
six
more
lesser
places
opened
their
Gates
at
the
approach
of
their
Victorious
Enemies
,
without
the
least
Formalities
of
a
Capitulation
.
All
this
being
performed
within
the
space
of
eight
Days
,
the
King
was
for
improving
the
Consternation
of
the
People
to
his
Advantage
,
and
for
pushing
on
his
Fortune
with
the
utmost
Vigour
;
his
first
Resolution
was
to
Besiege
Nimeguen
,
and
at
the
same
time
to
force
the
Prince
of
Orange
in
his
Entrenchments
.
This
young
Prince
,
the
only
Off-spring
,
and
true
Heir
of
all
the
vast
Possessions
and
noble
Qualifications
of
those
great
Men
of
the
same
Name
,
(
his
Ancestors
)
who
laid
the
first
Foundation
of
this
Commonwealth
,
lay
Intrench'd
near
the
Banks
of
the
Yssel
,
with
an
Army
of
five
and
twenty
Thousand
Men
;
but
both
these
Designs
being
not
to
be
put
in
Execution
,
without
the
hazard
of
a
great
many
Men
,
and
the
loss
of
much
time
,
the
King
changed
his
Resolution
,
and
order'd
his
Army
to
march
towards
the
Isle
of
Betaw
,
with
an
intention
,
to
try
,
whether
thereabouts
they
might
not
find
a
convenient
Passage
over
the
Rhine
.
The
Waters
of
the
Rhine
were
very
low
at
that
Season
,
The
King
passes
the
Rhine
,
12.
June
.
by
reason
of
the
extream
Heats
,
and
that
there
had
not
faln
any
Rains
for
a
considerable
time
before
;
so
that
as
deep
as
it
is
at
other
times
,
it
seem'd
then
to
be
fordable
in
several
places
.
Two
Gentlemen
living
thereabouts
,
having
shew'd
the
Ford
to
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
he
ordered
it
immediately
to
be
sounded
,
which
proved
so
shallow
that
Horse
might
pass
without
much
danger
,
they
being
to
swim
no
further
than
about
the
length
of
an
hundred
Paces
.
The
King
being
extreamly
rejoyced
at
this
welcome
News
,
resolved
not
to
stay
for
the
perfecting
of
the
Bridge
of
Boats
,
and
therefore
,
without
loosing
any
further
time
,
marches
by
Break
of
Day
out
of
his
Camp
,
at
the
Head
of
his
Gens
d'
Arms
,
his
Guards
and
Chevaux
legers
,
besides
a
Detachment
of
two
Thousand
Horse
,
towards
the
Banks
of
the
Rhine
,
where
he
was
to
be
met
by
the
Prince
of
Conde
.
It
was
observable
,
that
the
King
appear'd
more
brisk
and
resolute
at
that
time
,
than
he
had
done
for
a
great
while
before
;
the
Glorious
Assurance
that
appear'd
in
his
Countenance
,
being
a
happy
Presage
of
good
Success
to
the
Soldiery
,
he
no
sooner
order'd
the
Signal
to
be
given
,
but
first
a
great
number
of
Voluntiers
,
the
French
Regiment
of
Curassiers
,
and
the
Troops
of
the
King's
Houshold
threw
themselves
into
the
River
,
with
an
unparallell'd
Resolution
,
relying
more
upon
their
own
Courage
,
than
the
use
of
their
Arms.
The
Rhine
,
tho
of
a
considerable
breadth
in
this
place
,
yet
runs
with
a
Current
so
swift
and
violent
,
as
if
it
were
forced
through
a
very
streight
Channel
.
Besides
this
,
it
having
blown
a
Storm
the
Night
before
,
the
high
Winds
tossed
dreadful
Waves
against
the
Shore
,
which
well
might
have
terrified
the
Soldiers
from
attempting
the
Passage
at
that
time
;
but
being
by
their
King's
Presence
inspired
with
a
Courage
to
despise
all
Danger
,
neither
the
swiftness
of
the
Current
,
nor
the
dreadful
appearance
of
the
high
Waves
,
nor
the
sight
of
their
Enemies
,
who
lay
entrench'd
on
the
other
side
ready
to
receive
them
,
nothing
of
all
this
could
daunt
their
Courage
,
or
stop
their
Progress
;
there
were
but
a
few
lost
in
this
Passage
,
who
being
carried
away
from
the
rest
by
the
violence
of
the
Stream
,
were
swallowed
up
by
the
Waves
,
or
perished
in
the
Whirlpools
.
As
they
began
to
approach
the
other
side
of
the
Shoar
,
they
were
vigorously
attack'd
by
three
Squadrons
of
the
Enemy
,
who
being
entred
the
River
,
killed
and
wounded
some
of
our
Men
;
but
finding
our
Troops
to
advance
without
being
daunted
,
they
after
their
first
Charge
retreated
,
and
betook
themselves
to
their
Heels
:
Then
it
was
that
the
French
Horse
encouraging
one
another
by
their
joyful
Acclamations
,
reach'd
the
Bank
of
the
River
,
and
tho
they
were
all
dropping
wet
,
pursued
the
Flying
Enemy
for
above
a
League
.
At
the
same
time
the
Prince
of
Conde
attack'd
some
Dutch
Battallions
that
lay
entrench'd
at
the
Entrance
of
a
Wood
;
they
were
so
terrified
at
the
very
sight
of
the
French
,
that
in
lieu
of
making
good
the
Pass
,
they
threw
down
their
Arms.
The
Prince
promised
them
Quarter
,
severely
forbidding
any
Body
to
attack
them
;
but
his
Nephew
the
Duke
of
Longueville
,
being
ignorant
of
it
,
committed
an
act
of
imprudence
,
in
firing
one
of
his
Pistols
just
near
their
Entrenchments
,
which
cost
him
his
Life
;
for
the
Enemy
believing
that
they
were
advancing
to
cut
them
to
pieces
,
betook
themselves
again
to
their
Arms
,
and
at
their
first
Discharge
killed
the
Duke
with
five
more
Persons
of
Quality
,
and
wounded
a
considerable
number
,
amongst
whom
was
Armand
du
Cambout
,
Duke
of
Cosselin
,
a
Peer
of
France
;
and
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
who
was
drawn
thither
by
the
noise
and
discharging
of
the
Fire
Arms
,
was
wounded
by
a
Pistol-shot
in
his
Wrist
.
The
French
being
exasperated
at
the
loss
of
their
Officers
and
Comerades
,
cut
most
of
the
Enemy
in
pieces
,
except
some
who
saved
themselves
by
flight
.
The
King
in
the
mean
while
saw
the
other
Regiments
of
Horse
pass
the
River
one
after
another
,
Squadron
by
Squadron
,
with
less
danger
than
before
,
the
great
number
of
Horse
that
swam
close
together
,
breaking
in
a
great
measure
the
violence
of
the
Waves
,
and
swiftness
of
the
Current
.
The
next
Day
following
,
the
Bridge
being
got
ready
,
all
the
Infantry
pass
over
it
with
the
whole
Train
of
Artillery
.
It
is
not
to
be
express'd
,
what
a
noise
this
Action
so
bravely
undertaken
,
and
so
prudently
manag'd
did
make
in
the
World
;
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
for
fear
of
being
surprised
,
thought
it
his
best
way
to
quit
his
Intrenchments
,
and
by
long
Marches
retreated
deeper
into
the
Country
.
The
generality
of
the
People
being
fill'd
with
Consternation
,
put
all
the
hopes
of
their
Safety
in
the
Mercy
of
their
Conqueror
;
which
they
endeavoured
to
purchase
from
his
Hands
,
by
striving
(
as
it
may
be
said
)
who
should
be
the
first
that
should
put
themselves
under
his
Protection
.
The
Soldiers
got
an
incredible
Booty
,
wallowing
for
two
Months
together
in
Plenty
and
Riches
.
Doesburg
and
Arnheim
did
not
hold
out
above
four
and
twenty
Hours
after
opening
of
the
Trenches
.
The
Fort
of
Skink
(
Shencken
Skans
)
so
famous
both
for
its
Strength
and
Situation
,
and
the
long
and
vigorous
Attacks
it
has
so
bravely
sustained
at
other
times
,
surrendred
before
the
opening
of
the
Trenches
.
The
Forts
of
Woeren
and
St.
Andrew
did
the
same
.
The
City
of
Utrecht
,
tho
secured
by
several
Places
of
good
Strength
,
sent
the
Keys
of
their
Gates
to
the
Victorious
Enemy
at
a
good
distance
:
All
Places
in
the
Betaw
followed
their
Example
,
and
there
were
very
few
Cities
upon
the
Rhine
,
the
Meuse
,
the
Wahle
and
Yssel
,
but
what
readily
opened
their
Gates
and
received
Safeguards
.
In
the
Province
of
Holland
,
the
Cities
of
Oudewater
,
Voerden
,
and
Narden
were
also
taken
by
the
King's
Forces
,
and
Amsterdam
it self
,
that
proud
and
potent
City
,
was
upon
the
point
of
Capitulating
,
and
notwithstanding
all
the
brave
Efforts
of
some
of
the
Magistrates
,
would
have
been
forced
to
submit
to
the
King's
Conquering
Arms
,
if
the
Officer
who
commanded
in
our
most
advanced
Quarters
,
had
not
been
careless
in
intrenching
himself
immediately
,
in
a
small
place
called
Muyden
;
from
whence
we
might
have
batter'd
all
their
Ships
going
to
Amsterdam
;
a
fatal
Neglect
,
which
preserved
the
whole
Province
from
falling
into
our
hands
.
Empires
as
well
as
other
things
have
their
certain
Periods
,
and
Critical
Minutes
,
which
if
known
and
dexterously
managed
,
prove
commonly
fatal
to
them
.
In
the
mean
time
Francis
Henry
de
Montmorency
Duke
of
Luxemburgh
,
having
with
a
considerable
Body
of
Troops
,
and
many
experienced
Officers
,
joined
the
Forces
of
the
Bishop
of
Munster
,
and
of
the
Archbishop
of
Cologne
,
(
who
being
dissatisfied
with
the
Hollanders
)
were
re-entred
into
a
League
with
the
King
against
them
)
had
Conquered
a
third
Province
.
The
Duke
after
having
put
Safeguards
into
seven
or
eight
small
places
,
Besieged
in
conjunction
with
the
Bishop
of
Munster
the
City
of
Groll
.
This
strong
place
having
surrendred
without
making
any
resistance
,
the
Archbishop's
Forces
being
joined
with
the
rest
,
they
Besieged
the
City
of
Deventer
,
which
being
soon
forced
to
come
to
a
Capitulation
,
those
of
Zwoll
and
Campen
,
and
generally
all
the
other
Places
of
the
Province
of
Overyssel
followed
their
Example
.
To
make
due
reflection
upon
these
surprising
Events
,
they
appear
so
extraordinary
and
prodigious
,
as
to
be
almost
past
belief
;
for
it
is
scarce
possible
to
imagin
,
that
so
many
brave
Cities
,
which
hitherto
had
past
for
impregnable
,
should
,
without
making
any
Defence
,
have
surrender'd
at
discretion
,
especially
,
if
it
be
consider'd
,
that
most
of
them
being
provided
with
good
Garrisons
,
and
that
in
a
Country
,
which
for
a
considerable
time
had
been
accounted
the
School
of
War
in
Europe
,
scarce
any
of
their
strong
holds
to
have
defended
themselves
above
four
and
twenty
hours
,
except
Zutphen
and
Nimeguen
,
the
first
of
which
held
out
four
,
and
the
last
nine
days
.
But
,
when
People
after
the
Fatigues
of
a
tedious
War
,
enjoy
the
fruits
of
a
glorious
Peace
,
they
begin
to
abandon
themselves
to
their
pleasures
,
which
renders
them
careless
of
their
own
security
,
and
of
improving
Martial
Discipline
,
one
of
the
Pillars
of
the
State
.
A
Nation
being
thus
inveigled
and
dazled
with
their
present
good
Fortune
,
are
soon
brought
into
confusion
,
at
the
least
mischance
.
The
Hollanders
being
reduced
to
this
extremity
,
and
seeing
themselves
in
most
imminent
danger
of
becoming
an
absolute
Prey
to
the
K's
Conquering
Arms
,
judg'd
it
most
conducible
to
their
present
condition
to
sue
for
Peace
;
for
which
reason
the
States
deputed
some
to
the
King
,
to
know
upon
what
terms
he
would
be
pleas'd
to
grant
it
,
and
at
the
same
time
sent
to
Charles
II.
then
King
of
England
,
to
be
informed
concerning
his
Pretensions
against
them
.
For
it
is
to
be
observed
,
that
it
was
not
the
French
King
alone
,
who
was
offended
at
the
Hollanders
;
they
had
given
great
causes
of
complaint
to
the
King
of
England
,
by
their
Insolence
both
to
him
and
his
Subjects
,
by
troubling
their
Commerce
,
and
especially
by
fomenting
divisions
betwixt
that
Prince
and
his
People
,
which
ever
since
the
Peace
concluded
at
Breda
,
they
had
look'd
upon
as
the
main
pont
of
their
own
security
.
Our
King
being
not
ignorant
in
the
Art
of
improving
so
favourable
a
juncture
,
and
how
to
represent
the
injuries
receiv'd
by
the
Dutch
to
King
Charles
II.
it
made
so
lively
an
impression
upon
that
Monarch
,
that
he
quitted
the
Triple-Alliance
,
and
declar'd
open
War
to
the
Hollanders
.
Having
equipp'd
a
Gallant
Fleet
,
the
same
was
joyn'd
by
the
French
in
the
Channel
,
and
the
Dutch
threatned
with
a
most
powerful
Invasion
by
Sea
;
but
the
Enemies
had
secured
themselves
so
well
at
Sea
,
and
had
provided
a
Fleet
so
numerous
,
and
well
mann'd
,
that
when
the
Fleets
of
both
Crowns
engaged
them
on
the
7th
of
June
,
they
could
,
after
a
most
bloody
and
obstinate
Fight
,
boast
of
no
other
advantage
,
than
to
have
chased
them
towards
their
own
Coasts
,
and
made
them
retire
to
their
own
Ports
.
The
Propositions
of
Peace
made
by
the
two
Kings
were
look'd
upon
by
the
Dutch
as
so
extravagant
and
intolerable
,
that
they
resolved
rather
to
bury
themselves
in
their
own
Ruins
,
than
to
purchase
the
Peace
at
such
a
Rate
.
Being
therefore
reduced
to
that
Extremity
as
to
be
forced
to
take
such
Measures
as
were
most
suitable
to
their
present
desperate
Condition
,
they
had
recourse
to
their
Sluces
and
Dikes
,
which
they
opened
and
pierced
through
in
many
places
,
and
put
the
Country
under
Water
,
to
serve
them
as
a
Barricado
against
their
Enemies
,
who
were
upon
the
Point
of
snatching
from
them
their
so
much
admir'd
Liberty
:
The
Remedy
appear'd
so
dangerous
in
the
Eyes
of
all
the
World
,
that
the
most
considered
it
to
be
of
worse
consequence
than
the
Evil
they
feared
;
but
nevertheless
it
proved
the
real
cause
of
their
Safety
.
For
our
King
finding
all
his
Measures
broken
by
this
insurmountable
Obstacle
left
Holland
,
leaving
the
Duke
of
Luxemburgh
to
Command
in
his
Absence
,
with
Orders
to
take
the
opportunity
of
the
approaching
Winter
,
to
push
on
his
Conquests
with
all
the
vigour
imaginable
,
under
the
favour
of
the
Frosts
and
Ice
.
At
his
Return
into
France
,
the
People
charmed
with
his
Presence
after
so
Glorious
a
Campaign
,
received
him
in
Triumph
,
and
accompanied
him
through
all
places
where-ever
he
pass'd
,
with
all
the
joyful
Acclamations
and
Vows
due
to
a
Conqueror
.
The
Dutch
Troops
having
taken
new
Courage
after
the
King's
Departure
,
Besieged
Voerden
under
the
Command
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
with
fourteen
Thousand
Men.
All
the
Country
round
about
it
lay
under
Water
,
there
being
only
one
Passage
left
to
approach
it
,
which
was
a
Dike
on
the
side
of
Utrecht
.
To
cut
off
from
the
Town
all
Communication
and
hopes
of
Succours
,
the
Prince
had
caused
two
Forts
to
be
erected
on
each
side
of
the
Dike
,
and
betwixt
both
a
Battery
strengthened
with
a
good
Intrenchment
.
But
all
these
Fortifications
were
not
strong
enough
to
frighten
the
Duke
of
Luxemburgh
,
who
after
the
Siege
had
lasted
two
Months
,
advancing
early
in
the
Morning
,
attack'd
them
in
the
Front
;
but
being
repulsed
there
,
he
was
so
far
from
giving
over
his
Design
,
that
having
caused
the
Depth
of
the
Waters
to
be
sounded
,
and
finding
them
not
above
four
Foot
deep
in
a
certain
place
which
he
judged
convenient
for
the
Attack
,
he
led
his
Men
with
a
marvellous
Resolution
through
the
Waters
,
and
taking
them
in
Flank
made
himself
Master
of
one
of
their
Quarters
on
that
side
,
from
whence
assaulting
the
Forts
,
he
took
them
not
without
a
great
Slaughter
on
the
Enemies
side
,
who
being
obliged
to
raise
the
Siege
,
the
Duke
provided
the
place
with
a
sufficient
Garrison
,
and
marched
back
again
to
Utrecht
,
with
a
considerable
Booty
,
and
a
good
number
of
Prisoners
of
War
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
raises
the
Siege
of
Voerden
.
The
bravest
and
most
couragious
Action
that
ever
was
undertaken
,
especsally
if
it
be
considered
,
that
the
Duke
had
not
above
three
Thousand
Men
with
him
,
by
reason
that
he
was
not
joyn'd
by
some
Troops
which
he
expected
to
have
met
him
in
his
March
according
to
Orders
,
and
because
that
the
French
Troops
were
not
very
numerous
at
that
time
thereabouts
,
the
Viscount
of
Turenne
having
lately
been
reinforced
from
thence
with
a
good
Body
of
the
best
Regiments
,
to
observe
the
Motions
of
the
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
.
The
more
all
the
Neighbouring
Princes
were
surprized
at
the
stupendious
progress
of
the
King's
Arms
,
War
with
the
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
the
more
they
judged
it
for
their
Interests
to
put
a
stop
to
his
Conquests
.
It
is
not
to
be
imagined
that
it
was
so
much
out
of
Compassion
,
or
the
Consideration
of
the
deplorable
Condition
,
to
which
this
so
flourishing
and
potent
Commonwealth
had
been
reduced
within
the
space
of
two
Months
,
that
made
them
take
these
Measures
to
prevent
its
ruine
by
their
assistance
;
but
their
own
Fears
and
Jealousies
,
which
represented
to
them
Europe
in
Chains
,
and
as
a
Vassal
of
France
,
if
the
King
should
Conquer
the
United
Provinces
;
what
Wonder
then
if
all
were
ready
to
lend
a
helping
hand
to
preserve
that
from
whence
depended
in
a
great
measure
their
own
Safeties
;
whilst
some
therefore
endeavoured
to
obtain
their
aim
by
secret
Intrigues
,
others
presented
themselves
with
their
Swords
in
Hand
.
The
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
was
the
first
who
shew'd
himself
most
concern'd
for
the
Preservation
of
the
Dutch
,
whether
it
was
that
their
Money
had
had
more
influence
over
him
than
the
rest
,
and
made
him
more
Zealous
for
their
Interest
;
or
whether
it
were
that
he
was
dissatisfied
at
our
King
for
not
restoring
to
him
some
Places
,
which
belonged
to
him
,
and
were
taken
by
our
Troops
from
the
Dutch
,
I
will
not
pretend
to
determine
.
It
is
unquestionable
that
he
was
a
Prince
very
aspiring
and
ambitious
,
one
of
the
bravest
Men
living
,
and
of
great
Experience
in
Martial
Affairs
,
who
maintain'd
at
that
time
an
Army
of
twenty
five
Thousand
Men
,
who
wanted
to
be
employed
some
where
or
other
.
Add
to
this
the
Sollicitations
of
his
Nephew
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
who
earnestly
intreated
him
to
employ
his
Forces
for
the
Relief
of
Holland
,
which
might
serve
as
the
most
effectual
means
in
the
World
to
establish
his
Reputation
among
them
.
So
sure
it
is
that
all
the
Ties
of
Consanguinity
are
weak
,
if
not
strengthned
and
link'd
together
by
Interest
.
The
Hollanders
offered
to
one
of
the
Elector's
Sons
all
the
Dignities
belonging
to
the
Prince
of
Orange
in
Holland
,
if
that
Family
should
happen
to
be
extinct
;
the
Prince
of
Orange
was
of
a
weak
Constitution
,
and
Unmarried
at
that
time
,
who
exposed
his
Person
unto
the
hazard
of
War
upon
a
thousand
occasions
.
These
glorious
Hopes
,
tho
very
remote
,
a
good
Sum
of
ready
Money
,
and
the
Glory
of
being
the
first
that
had
so
much
Courage
as
to
oppose
the
Victorious
Arms
of
our
King
,
and
consequently
to
prove
the
Deliverer
of
so
great
and
famous
a
Commonwealth
,
all
these
Considerations
,
I
say
,
joyn'd
together
,
induced
the
Elector
to
declare
against
France
.
The
number
of
his
Forces
was
very
considerable
in
comparison
of
ours
at
a
time
when
the
King
having
been
obliged
to
disperse
most
of
his
Troops
in
his
late
Conquests
,
which
amounted
to
fifty
or
threescore
strong
places
,
there
was
but
a
slender
share
left
to
keep
the
Field
.
So
soon
as
we
received
Intelligence
that
the
Elector's
Army
was
ready
to
march
,
the
Viscount
de
Turenne
was
ordered
to
march
with
all
speed
to
meet
him
on
the
other
side
of
the
Rhing
with
his
small
Army
,
consisting
only
of
twelve
Thousand
Men
;
the
Elector's
Army
by
several
Reinforcements
,
was
near
thirty
five
thousand
.
But
if
the
Elector
was
stronger
in
number
of
Men
,
the
Viscount
was
superiour
in
Officers
,
and
such
as
were
all
true
Soldiers
,
who
being
all
chosen
Men
,
and
flush'd
with
their
late
good
Success
,
did
breath
after
nothing
so
much
,
as
fresh
opportunity
of
acquiring
new
Glory
.
No
sooner
had
the
Elector
been
advertised
of
our
March
,
but
he
first
made
a
Halt
,
and
perceiving
that
the
Viscount
intended
to
expect
his
coming
,
he
retreated
,
and
repassed
the
River
Weser
;
if
it
was
a
Surprize
to
all
the
World
to
see
the
Elector
fly
from
an
Army
much
inferiour
in
number
to
his
,
it
was
the
more
astonishing
to
see
the
French
pursue
him
over
the
Weser
,
with
an
incredible
Swiftness
,
to
force
all
the
Places
that
durst
oppose
them
,
to
ravage
the
flat
Country
,
and
to
take
up
their
Winter-Quarters
in
his
Territories
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Prince
of
Orange
having
got
together
an
Army
of
near
fourscore
Thousand
Men
,
Siege
of
Charleroy
was
advanced
towards
Mastrick
,
with
an
intention
to
free
in
some
measure
his
own
Country
from
the
Burthen
of
the
War
,
by
carrying
it
into
another
;
for
which
purpose
after
several
Marches
and
Countermarches
,
seeming
to
threaten
sometimes
Tongres
,
sometimes
Mastrick
,
he
at
last
Besieged
Charleroy
,
a
place
situate
upon
the
Sambre
,
and
of
no
small
consequence
to
us
,
by
reason
of
its
most
convenient
situation
to
conduct
our
Convoys
and
Recruits
into
Holland
.
The
Spaniards
,
tho
they
had
very
lately
given
the
King
fresh
assurances
of
their
sincere
Intentions
,
and
that
they
desired
nothing
so
much
as
to
cultivate
a
good
Understanding
with
him
,
nevertheless
had
furnished
ten
Thousand
Men
for
the
better
carrying
on
of
this
Enterprize
.
The
Place
was
at
that
time
unprovided
with
a
sufficient
Garrison
to
make
a
vigorous
Defence
,
the
Governour
was
absent
,
and
the
French
had
no
Army
ready
at
hand
to
relieve
it
,
so
that
every
thing
seem'd
to
concur
for
the
advantage
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
who
,
it
was
believ'd
,
would
be
Master
of
the
place
in
eight
Days
.
But
our
King
in
the
same
moment
he
received
the
News
of
the
Siege
,
dispatch'd
his
Orders
into
Flanders
,
to
assemble
his
Troops
with
all
possible
speed
,
he
himself
left
Versailles
in
a
few
Days
after
to
hasten
their
March
,
and
to
put
himself
at
the
Head
of
them
in
order
to
relieve
the
Place
.
The
Rumour
of
the
King's
Departure
being
soon
spread
in
the
Enemies
Camp
,
Siege
of
Charleroy
raised
.
struck
such
a
Terrour
among
them
,
that
without
more
ado
they
raised
the
Siege
.
This
was
a
killing
stroak
to
the
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
,
who
being
in
hopes
that
by
so
powerful
a
Diversion
the
face
of
Affairs
would
soon
change
for
the
better
on
his
side
,
and
that
the
French
would
be
obliged
to
recal
their
Troops
out
of
his
Territories
,
in
order
to
succour
Charleroy
;
but
finding
himself
absolutely
disappointed
in
his
Expectation
,
he
took
other
Measures
and
sued
for
Peace
.
The
King
,
to
make
him
sensible
of
his
Errour
,
kept
him
in
suspense
for
two
or
three
Months
,
in
the
mean
while
that
his
Troops
consumed
all
what
was
left
in
the
Countries
of
Marck
and
Ravensbergh
.
This
obliged
the
Elector
to
be
more
pressing
than
ever
for
a
Peace
,
which
he
at
last
obtain'd
from
the
King
,
who
in
consideration
of
his
Submission
granted
him
more
than
he
could
have
expected
to
have
got
by
the
War
,
and
his
own
Courage
.
For
the
King
promised
to
restore
to
him
,
within
a
certain
time
limitted
,
all
the
Places
belonging
to
him
in
the
Dutchy
of
Cleves
,
which
was
executed
accordingly
in
the
next
following
Year
;
but
the
Treaty
was
but
little
observed
on
the
Elector's
side
,
who
was
no
sooner
got
into
possession
of
these
Places
,
but
took
up
Arms
again
,
and
declared
against
France
.
After
the
Conclusion
of
this
Treaty
,
the
King
having
now
laid
aside
his
design
of
Conquering
Holland
,
nevertheless
had
taken
a
Resolution
to
make
himself
Master
of
Mastricht
,
at
the
beginning
of
this
Campaign
,
knowing
it
to
be
one
of
the
main
Bull-works
of
the
Dutch.
This
City
has
been
famous
ever
since
the
last
Age
,
when
it
was
first
surrounded
with
a
good
Fortification
,
by
the
Duke
of
Alva
,
afterwards
taken
by
the
Forces
of
the
States
,
and
retaken
by
Storm
by
the
Duke
of
Parma
,
and
in
the
Year
1632.
once
more
taken
by
the
Dutch
,
after
a
Siege
of
two
Months
.
It
s
situation
is
one
of
the
most
convenient
in
the
World
,
being
built
on
purpose
to
keep
the
whole
Province
of
Brabant
,
the
Bishoprick
of
Liege
,
the
Country
of
Limburgh
,
Cleves
and
Gueldres
in
awe
,
which
together
with
the
Fertility
of
the
adjacent
Country
,
Description
of
Mastricht
.
its
Traffick
,
Number
and
Industry
of
the
Inhabitants
,
has
made
it
at
all
times
to
be
considered
as
the
Key
and
Bullwork
of
all
the
circumjaceat
Provinces
,
which
has
been
the
reason
the
Dutch
have
not
been
sparing
in
any
thing
which
might
add
to
its
strength
.
It
is
situate
upon
the
Meuse
,
which
separates
it
from
the
Suburbs
called
the
Wick
,
very
well
fortify'd
and
joyn'd
to
the
City
by
a
Stone-Bridge
.
The
Body
of
the
Place
,
to
the
Land-side
,
is
fortify'd
with
the
finest
and
most
regular
Fortifications
that
are
to
be
seen
in
all
Flanders
,
with
Ravelins
,
Demilines
,
and
many
Hornworks
,
all
secured
with
deep
Ditches
.
Their
Magazines
were
at
that
time
well
provided
with
all
things
necessary
to
sustain
a
Siege
.
There
was
in
the
Place
without
counting
the
Inhabitants
that
were
capable
of
bearing
Arms
,
a
Garrison
of
six
or
seven
thousand
Men
of
their
best
Troops
,
under
the
Command
of
an
old
Officer
,
whose
Name
was
Fariaux
,
a
Man
no
less
Brave
than
expert
in
all
Matters
relating
to
the
Defence
of
a
Place
of
such
importance
;
and
the
States
seem'd
to
be
resolved
to
Sacrifice
every
thing
for
the
preservation
of
it
.
Nevertheless
,
in
spite
of
all
these
Advantages
,
this
strong
City
so
couragiously
defended
,
was
not
able
to
hold
out
against
the
King
above
thirteen
Days
.
For
the
King
was
no
sooner
arrived
in
the
Camp
,
Siege
of
Mas●●icht
but
having
taken
an
exact
view
of
the
whole
situation
of
the
Place
,
he
ordered
immediately
the
Lines
of
Circumvallation
and
Contravallation
to
be
made
,
and
assigned
the
Quarters
for
their
Batteries
.
Five
of
these
were
in
a
condition
to
play
within
three
Days
,
and
the
Lines
perfected
much
about
the
same
time
,
tho
the
Lines
of
Circumvallation
contained
eight
Leagues
in
Circuit
,
and
that
both
of
them
were
ten
Foot
high
,
and
twelve
broad
.
The
next
following
Day
the
Trenches
being
opened
,
they
advanced
the
first
Night
within
a
small
distance
from
the
convert
way
.
It
is
next
to
an
impossibility
to
conceive
with
what
dispatch
Matters
were
carried
on
in
this
Siege
.
But
it
must
also
be
confess'd
,
that
if
the
King's
Subjects
were
not
sparing
in
their
Labour
,
and
undergoing
all
the
Fatigues
that
can
be
imagined
;
he
on
his
side
gave
such
Proofs
of
his
Valour
,
Liberality
and
Conduct
,
that
all
the
World
must
acknowledge
him
to
be
worthy
to
Command
such
brave
Fellows
.
For
he
appear'd
every
where
,
order'd
the
Attacks
in
Person
,
animating
them
by
his
Presence
,
by
his
Liberality
,
Praises
and
Promises
of
Rewards
;
he
never
rested
all
Night
,
not
going
to
Sleep
till
Six
a
Clock
in
the
Morning
,
and
getting
again
on
Horseback
immediately
after
Dinner
.
Amongst
the
Variety
of
Business
which
distracted
his
Thoughts
without
intermission
,
in
an
Enterprize
of
such
consequence
,
he
was
never
forgetful
to
enquire
after
the
State
of
the
Wounded
Souldiers
,
and
would
sometimes
take
his
Round
among
them
from
Tent
to
Tent
,
even
of
the
Common
Soldiers
,
to
see
whether
they
stood
in
want
of
any
thing
for
their
Subsistence
or
Recovery
.
The
King
having
thereby
gained
the
Hearts
of
all
the
Soldiery
,
as
his
Liberality
and
Promises
had
raised
their
Courage
,
they
were
ready
to
Sacrifice
every
thing
for
his
Service
,
which
was
the
reason
that
the
Siege
advanced
so
successfully
,
notwithstanding
the
Besieged
did
all
that
could
be
expected
from
Mortal
Men
to
defend
themselves
against
us
,
the
Governour
being
not
sparing
either
of
his
Soldiers
or
Workmen
,
who
seem'd
to
outdo
the
French
in
repairing
their
Breaches
,
and
placing
new
Pallisado's
instead
of
those
ruin'd
by
our
Cannon
.
But
the
most
memorable
Action
was
performed
in
the
two
Attacks
made
at
once
upon
the
Counterscarp
;
and
it
may
be
said
without
the
least
Contradiction
to
truth
,
that
never
was
a
more
dreadful
Night
known
since
the
Memory
of
Man
;
for
what
with
the
continual
Fire
from
the
Fire-locks
,
Cannon
,
Mortars
,
and
Hand-Granado's
,
what
with
the
Cries
and
Lamentations
of
the
fighting
and
wounded
Soldiers
,
what
with
the
Horrour
and
Slaughter
which
lasted
from
the
Evening
till
Break
of
Day
,
it
is
confess'd
by
the
consent
of
all
the
most
experienced
Officers
there
present
,
that
never
any
thing
was
seen
like
it
before
.
Both
Attacks
were
carried
on
with
equal
Bravery
,
and
by
the
confession
of
both
Parties
,
both
the
Assailants
and
Besieged
,
gave
a
thousand
Proofs
of
their
Valour
,
which
were
for
the
most
part
buried
by
the
obscurity
of
the
Night
.
The
Granadeers
followed
by
the
Grand
Musqueteers
,
all
brave
young
Fellows
,
and
eager
after
Fighting
,
began
the
Attack
,
and
were
received
with
an
unparallell'd
Bravery
by
the
Besieged
,
the
Governour
having
posted
there
all
the
chosen
Men
of
the
whole
Garrison
,
and
a
good
number
of
Volunteers
,
who
had
thrown
themselves
in
on
purpose
to
signalize
themselves
upon
so
extraordinary
an
occasion
.
Thus
the
Engagement
lasted
with
equal
Bravery
on
both
sides
,
till
the
Besieged
were
forced
out
of
a
Half-moon
;
this
was
taken
and
re-taken
three
times
in
four
and
twenty
Hours
,
before
the
French
could
secure
themselves
in
it
against
the
furious
Attacks
of
the
Enemy
.
Two
Days
after
,
they
took
also
from
them
the
Horn-work
,
which
the
Governour
Fariau
endeavoured
to
regain
,
but
with
so
ill
success
,
that
having
caused
a
small
Mine
to
be
sprung
in
hopes
to
ruine
ours
,
it
sprung
backwards
,
and
carried
five
hundred
of
his
Men
up
into
the
Air.
This
new
disaster
,
the
fear
of
being
Plundered
,
and
the
Miserable
Condition
into
which
the
whole
place
was
reduced
by
our
Cannon
and
Bombs
,
made
the
Inhabitants
resolve
upon
a
Capitulation
:
Having
accordingly
made
their
Address
to
the
Governour
,
he
refused
to
hearken
to
it
,
but
they
earnestly
insisting
upon
their
Demand
,
he
answer'd
,
That
he
was
resolved
to
hold
it
out
to
the
last
Extremity
.
But
after
a
little
while
dreading
a
double
Misfortune
,
to
wit
,
the
effects
of
the
enraged
Multitude
,
and
of
the
Enemy
,
he
thought
it
more
prudent
to
Capitulate
upon
Honourable
Terms
,
than
to
expose
the
Garrison
,
of
which
there
was
but
one
third
part
remaining
fit
for
Service
,
to
the
Slaughter
;
accordingly
he
beat
a
Parley
,
Mastricht
Surrendred
after
having
defended
the
place
thirteen
Days
after
opening
of
the
Trenches
,
with
all
the
Conduct
and
Courage
that
could
be
expected
from
a
brave
Officer
.
The
Garrison
marched
out
with
Drums
beating
,
Matches
lighted
,
and
two
pieces
of
Cannon
,
the
King
being
not
unwilling
to
grant
these
Honourable
Terms
to
Men
that
had
behaved
themselves
with
so
much
Bravery
.
The
taking
of
Mastricht
would
in
all
likelihood
have
been
followed
by
the
Conquest
of
Boisleduc
and
all
the
other
places
of
the
Dutch
Brabant
,
if
the
Storm
that
arose
on
the
German
side
had
not
drawn
the
King
that
way
.
To
disperse
these
Clouds
,
The
German
War
.
or
at
least
to
prevent
their
Effects
,
the
King
,
after
having
given
his
Orders
for
the
repairing
the
Fortifications
of
Mastricht
,
set
forth
on
his
Journey
to
Nancy
,
where
he
likewise
order'd
the
Fortifications
to
be
put
in
a
State
of
defence
,
which
was
put
in
execution
with
incredible
Diligence
in
less
than
three
Weeks
;
at
the
same
time
he
secured
Colmar
and
Schlestadt
in
his
Interest
,
where
,
as
it
was
believed
,
the
Imperialists
had
a
secret
Correspondence
;
and
having
obliged
the
City
of
Strasburgh
by
his
approach
to
embrace
a
Neutrality
,
he
possest
himself
of
the
City
of
Treves
,
to
be
even
with
that
Elector
for
the
Breach
of
his
Word
,
and
to
make
it
a
frontier
place
,
to
cover
his
Dominions
on
that
side
.
These
so
necessary
Precautions
proved
of
such
consequence
afterwards
to
his
Affairs
,
that
among
all
those
Enemies
that
were
ingaged
in
a
League
against
him
,
during
the
space
of
five
Years
,
whilst
the
War
lasted
,
and
threatned
to
Invade
his
Country
,
none
of
them
could
boast
to
have
been
able
to
enter
his
Dominions
with
so
much
as
one
single
Squadron
.
The
Dutch
Money
,
League
betwixt
the
Emperour
,
Spain
,
and
Holland
.
of
which
they
were
very
prodigal
in
most
Courts
of
Europe
,
and
the
Intrigues
of
their
Ministers
,
who
had
every
where
raised
great
fears
and
jealousies
against
the
King
,
had
at
last
drawn
the
Emperor
and
Spain
into
their
Party
,
who
having
concluded
an
Offensive
League
with
them
,
the
Emperor
brought
together
an
Army
of
thirty
thousand
Men
,
which
he
ordered
to
march
towards
the
Rhine
.
At
their
approach
the
Viscount
of
Turenne
,
who
was
General
of
the
King's
Army
on
that
side
,
met
them
as
far
as
in
Franconia
,
in
hopes
to
draw
them
to
a
Battle
;
but
they
being
careful
in
avoiding
an
Engagement
,
the
Viscount
could
not
prevent
them
from
passing
the
Rhine
,
in
conjunction
with
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
and
besieging
Bonn.
This
place
was
without
a
Ditch
,
its
Fortifications
being
not
quite
brought
to
perfection
,
notwithstanding
which
,
the
French
Governor
,
with
his
Garrison
,
consisting
only
of
fifteen
hundred
Men
,
defended
himself
so
valiantly
against
so
powerful
an
Army
,
composed
of
three
several
Nations
,
that
they
did
not
become
Masters
of
it
,
till
after
a
fourteen
Nights
Siege
.
As
the
Conquest
of
this
City
,
as
well
as
that
of
Naerden
,
Siege
of
Bonn.
a
small
but
well
Fortified
Place
in
Holland
,
taken
from
us
in
the
foregoing
Month
of
September
,
by
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
seem'd
to
be
the
happy
Fore-runners
of
the
good
success
of
this
Alliance
,
so
the
Emperor
and
Spain
flatter'd
themselves
with
the
hopes
of
all
those
Advantages
which
the
Dutch
Ministers
had
put
them
in
hopes
of
when
they
enter'd
into
the
League
.
The
Emperor
enter'd
into
the
Alliance
not
only
upon
that
score
,
as
having
in
view
thereby
to
put
a
stop
to
the
greatness
of
France
,
which
if
it
should
over-run
Holland
and
the
Low-Countries
,
would
,
like
an
impetuous
Torrent
spread
all
over
Germany
,
but
as
looking
upon
this
as
a
favourable
juncture
to
encrease
his
Authority
in
the
Empire
.
It
is
very
well
known
that
for
a
considerable
time
past
,
it
has
been
the
main
design
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
to
make
themselves
absolute
in
Germany
,
by
reducing
these
Princes
under
their
Obedience
;
This
seem'd
to
be
the
most
Critical
juncture
that
could
be
,
to
put
this
so
long
projected
design
in
execution
;
the
Kings
Conquests
in
Holland
,
and
his
taking
the
City
of
Treves
,
were
the
most
plausible
pretences
in
the
World
to
bring
a
good
Army
into
Germany
,
without
giving
any
suspicion
to
these
Princes
,
whom
they
hop'd
to
ruin
one
after
another
,
by
drawing
them
into
the
Quarrel
,
under
the
glorious
pretext
of
taking
up
Arms
for
the
defence
of
the
Empire
.
As
for
what
concern'd
the
Spaniards
,
they
were
cajol'd
into
a
League
by
the
fair
promises
of
the
Dutch
,
who
offer'd
no
less
than
the
Restitution
of
Maestrick
,
after
it
should
be
retaken
,
and
engaged
themselves
not
to
make
either
Peace
or
Truce
with
us
,
before
the
French
King
should
have
surrender'd
to
them
all
what
he
had
taken
from
them
since
the
Pyrenean
Peace
.
A
meer
Tinsey
wherewith
to
dazzle
the
Eyes
of
the
Spaniards
,
their
intention
being
,
to
keep
no
further
to
their
promises
,
than
they
should
find
it
suitable
to
their
own
Interest
;
as
it
sufficiently
appear'd
at
the
Treaty
of
Nimeguen
,
when
they
oblig'd
the
Spaniards
to
accept
of
the
same
Propositions
as
they
were
projected
by
our
King
.
The
Alliance
of
so
many
powerful
Princes
seem'd
to
foretel
something
extraordinary
against
France
;
but
thinking
themselves
not
in
a
condition
to
undertake
any
thing
of
moment
,
unless
strengthen'd
by
the
Power
of
England
,
they
left
no
stone
unturn'd
all
that
Winter
,
to
bring
that
King
over
to
their
side
.
But
all
their
great
offers
,
and
fair
promises
,
would
have
proved
fruitless
upon
this
King
,
who
stood
immoveable
in
his
Resolution
of
adhering
to
our
Interest
,
if
at
last
some
of
the
Parliament
Men
,
who
being
perhaps
overcome
with
the
charms
of
the
Dutch
Gold
,
Peace
betwixt
England
and
Holland
.
had
not
pressed
so
hard
upon
that
King
,
that
being
no
longer
able
to
resist
their
importunities
,
he
made
Peace
with
the
Hollanders
,
without
declaring
against
France
.
Our
King
was
no
considerable
loser
by
the
conclusion
of
this
Peace
,
his
chiefest
loss
consisting
in
the
recalling
of
a
few
English
Troops
;
for
what
had
been
concerted
betwixt
these
two
Kings
about
a
Descent
to
be
made
upon
the
Dutch
Coast
,
had
been
found
impracticable
,
they
having
been
sufficiently
convinced
by
Experience
,
that
nothing
of
great
moment
ought
to
be
expected
from
Sea
Engagements
,
as
to
the
decision
of
the
Fate
of
a
War
;
witness
those
three
several
Sea
fights
betwixt
the
Fleets
of
the
two
Kings
,
and
that
of
the
Dutch
,
in
all
which
,
the
ballance
appear'd
so
little
different
,
that
it
was
no
easie
matter
to
determine
which
of
them
ought
with
Justice
carry
away
the
Honour
of
the
Victory
,
there
having
been
scarce
any
other
advantage
obtained
on
either
side
,
but
to
make
a
great
noise
without
doing
any
considerable
hurt
.
Thus
the
Hollanders
imagined
,
that
being
now
Masters
at
Sea
,
they
could
not
want
an
opportunity
of
ravaging
our
Coasts
,
and
to
make
themselves
Masters
of
some
places
in
France
;
but
they
have
been
sufficiently
convinc'd
by
their
ill
Success
,
that
unless
an
Enemy
be
assured
of
a
good
Port
,
it
is
a
very
difficult
task
to
make
a
Descent
,
and
cannot
be
undertaken
without
vast
Charges
,
which
scarce
ever
quit
cost
.
However
,
the
Peace
betwixt
England
and
Holland
appear'd
to
be
the
Signal
to
all
the
other
Princes
of
Germany
,
who
now
began
to
throw
off
the
mask
one
after
another
,
and
declar'd
against
us
,
except
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
and
the
Duke
of
Hanover
,
who
continued
stedfast
in
their
Neutrality
.
For
the
Electors
of
Saxony
,
Mayence
,
of
Treves
,
and
the
Elector
Palatin
,
Germany
and
Denmark
enters
into
a
League
.
as
well
as
the
Landtgraves
of
Hesse
,
and
Princes
of
Baden
,
with
most
of
the
Circles
of
Germany
did
immediately
take
up
Arms
in
favour
of
the
Alliance
.
The
Elector
of
Cologne
,
and
Bishop
of
Munster
,
left
our
Party
,
to
embrace
that
of
the
Allies
;
and
tho'
the
King
of
Denmark
,
the
Dukes
of
Brunswick
,
and
the
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
did
not
immediately
declare
against
France
,
yet
did
they
engage
in
the
Alliance
from
that
time
,
and
promised
to
put
themselves
in
a
posture
of
assisting
and
promoting
the
common
cause
.
Now
it
was
that
the
Hollanders
had
all
the
reason
in
the
World
to
rejoyce
at
their
good
Success
,
seeing
they
had
by
their
good
Management
transferred
the
Burthen
of
the
War
from
their
own
into
their
Neighbours
Countries
;
the
King
,
surrounded
on
all
sides
by
his
Enemies
,
which
the
Dutch
had
raised
against
him
,
having
been
obliged
to
abandon
all
his
Conquests
in
the
United
Provinces
,
(
except
Grave
and
Mastricht
,
which
served
to
bridle
them
)
to
make
use
of
these
Garrisons
against
the
numerous
Armies
of
the
Allies
.
Notwithstanding
all
these
Advantages
,
the
States
desired
nothing
so
much
as
Peace
,
considering
that
having
now
recovered
what
they
had
lost
,
it
would
be
very
hard
for
them
to
maintain
at
their
own
Charge
a
War
,
where
now
they
had
no
further
Interest
,
but
what
they
had
in
common
with
their
Allies
.
After
a
whole
Twelve
Months
Debate
about
a
Peace
,
all
Parties
concern'd
having
at
last
accepted
the
Mediation
of
the
King
of
Sweden
,
sent
their
Plenipotentiaries
to
Cologne
,
the
place
appointed
for
the
carrying
on
of
the
Treaty
.
The
Conferences
were
frequently
interrupted
by
several
Accidents
,
and
new
Difficulties
which
arise
from
time
to
time
,
the
Plenipotentiaries
of
the
States-General
applied
themselves
with
great
Assiduity
,
and
were
not
without
hopes
of
bringing
this
grand
Affair
to
a
happy
Conclusion
,
if
the
Emperour
,
who
was
for
continuing
the
War
,
had
not
caused
Prince
William
of
Furstembergh
(
since
made
Cardinal
)
to
be
seized
by
force
in
the
open
Streets
,
without
the
least
Respect
to
his
Character
,
he
being
Minister
and
Plenipotentiary
of
the
Arch-bishop
of
Cologne
,
and
carried
him
afterwards
Prisoner
to
Vienna
.
He
also
caused
a
House
to
be
Pillaged
about
fourteen
Days
after
,
where
there
was
some
Money
belonging
to
the
French
King
,
and
refususg
to
give
any
reasonable
Satisfaction
for
these
Outrages
,
the
Conferences
broke
off
,
and
both
sides
renewed
their
Preparations
with
more
vigour
than
ever
for
the
prosecution
of
the
War
.
All
Europe
stood
in
expectation
of
the
success
of
this
War
,
there
being
very
few
but
what
were
of
Opinion
,
that
the
King
would
be
forced
to
be
upon
the
defensive
,
forasmuch
as
it
was
sufficiently
known
,
that
the
Allies
,
had
entred
into
a
mutual
Engagement
not
to
hearken
to
any
Peace
,
unless
Lorrain
were
restored
to
that
Duke
,
Alsace
to
the
Emperour
,
and
to
Spain
all
what
had
been
taken
from
them
since
the
Pyrenean
Peace
.
But
they
were
not
satisfied
thus
,
they
had
laid
their
Designs
to
invade
Burgundy
,
Picardy
and
Champaign
,
and
to
ravage
as
far
as
to
the
very
Gates
of
Paris
;
but
those
vast
Projects
were
less
difficult
to
be
conceived
,
than
to
be
put
in
execution
.
For
whilst
the
Allies
were
concerting
measures
,
The
Campaign
of
1674.
and
buoying
up
one
another
with
these
Chimera's
,
the
King
laid
a
real
Design
to
make
himself
once
more
Master
of
the
Franche
Compte
,
thereby
to
cover
his
Frontiers
,
which
lay
almost
exposed
on
that
side
,
to
encourage
his
Subjects
by
some
great
Enterprize
,
and
to
make
his
Enemies
sensible
,
that
he
was
in
a
condition
not
only
to
defend
himself
,
but
also
to
act
offensively
against
them
.
When
the
State
is
threatned
by
some
great
and
imminent
danger
,
it
must
needs
be
oppress'd
under
the
weight
of
it
,
unless
the
Prince
do
uphold
and
cherish
his
Subjects
by
his
good
Conduct
and
firm
Resolution
;
for
if
the
Head
prove
defective
,
the
Functions
of
the
whole
Body
begin
to
cease
.
When
the
Spaniards
declared
War
against
us
,
the
King
proposed
a
Neutrality
for
that
Province
,
and
the
Swiss
Cantons
did
all
what
in
them
lay
to
second
the
King's
Endeavours
,
as
being
unwilling
to
see
a
Province
bordering
so
near
upon
them
to
become
the
Seat
of
War
;
but
the
Allies
refused
to
accept
the
King's
offer
,
which
in
lieu
of
proving
advantageous
to
them
caused
the
loss
of
it
,
or
at
least
facilitated
the
King's
Conquests
there
;
the
Cantons
being
exasperated
at
their
refusal
,
having
not
only
given
their
Consent
for
the
King
to
attempt
the
Reduction
of
it
,
but
also
denied
a
Passage
to
those
Troops
that
were
intended
for
its
relief
.
This
was
the
only
Obstacle
the
King
had
to
surmount
,
or
at
least
the
most
difficult
;
for
tho
the
Spaniards
,
since
the
Conclusion
of
the
Peace
of
Aix
la
Chapelle
,
had
re-fortified
most
of
their
Places
,
yet
it
was
look'd
upon
as
a
much
harder
task
to
dispose
a
Free
People
to
give
their
consent
that
a
Potent
and
Victorious
King
should
settle
himself
in
their
Neighbourhood
,
than
to
conquer
two
or
three
strong
Holds
,
that
were
without
hopes
of
relief
.
Accordingly
the
King
ordred
his
Troops
to
march
into
the
Franche
Compte
,
Conquest
of
the
Franche
Compte
.
who
immediately
in
the
Month
of
February
made
themselves
Masters
of
Gray
and
Vesoul
,
besides
many
other
small
Places
.
But
this
being
only
the
beginning
of
the
Fray
,
the
rest
was
reserved
for
the
King
's
coming
in
Person
.
For
Besancon
being
invested
by
his
Forces
in
May
following
,
Siege
of
●esancon
.
the
King
came
himself
into
the
Camp
,
his
Presence
being
absolutely
necessary
there
,
to
qualifie
the
Minds
of
the
Soldiers
,
who
were
forced
to
undergo
incredible
Hardships
in
this
Siege
.
It
was
extream
bad
Weather
when
the
Court
set
out
for
the
Camp
,
and
grew
almost
insupportable
soon
after
,
which
continued
thus
to
the
end
of
the
Siege
.
The
great
Rains
that
fell
without
intermission
,
the
high
Winds
and
cold
Nights
,
the
Waters
that
overflowed
the
Trenches
,
and
the
whole
Camp
,
where
the
Soldiers
stood
Knee
deep
in
Mud
and
Dirt
;
all
these
Fatigues
would
questionless
have
tired
out
the
Patience
of
the
Soldiers
,
if
the
King
who
exposed
his
Person
to
the
same
Hardships
had
not
by
his
Example
and
Liberality
upheld
their
drooping
Courage
.
Besancon
is
situate
in
a
small
Plain
upon
a
very
ill
Ground
,
so
rocky
and
full
of
Stones
,
that
we
had
much
ado
to
carry
on
our
Trenches
.
It
is
divided
into
the
higher
and
lower
Town
,
the
last
is
surrounded
by
the
River
Doux
,
which
serves
for
a
Ditch
,
and
being
at
that
time
overflown
by
the
frequent
Rains
,
did
extreamly
annoy
us
in
the
carrying
on
of
our
Trenches
.
The
place
was
provided
with
a
Garrison
of
four
Thousand
Men
,
one
half
being
of
the
Militia
,
besides
a
good
number
of
Volunteers
,
all
under
the
Command
of
an
Old
and
Brave
Officer
.
Notwithstanding
all
this
,
they
made
but
a
slender
Defence
,
the
Citadel
it self
which
was
esteemed
impregnable
,
not
being
able
to
hold
out
above
eight
Days
.
This
Citadel
was
newly
fortified
on
the
very
point
of
a
Rock
very
near
perpendicular
on
all
sides
,
having
no
more
than
one
Avenue
leading
to
the
top
,
which
was
well
fortified
with
several
Intrenchments
,
strengthned
with
Bastions
and
Half-Moons
.
The
place
however
had
this
disadvantage
belonging
to
it
,
that
it
was
commanded
by
two
adjacent
Rocky
Hills
,
but
of
so
steep
and
difficult
an
Ascent
,
that
in
all
humane
appearance
,
it
was
impossible
to
bring
any
Cannon
to
the
tops
of
them
.
As
they
lay
on
the
back
side
of
the
Citadel
and
within
full
reach
of
the
Cannon
,
the
King
went
in
Person
to
view
them
.
The
Attempt
seem'd
to
be
the
boldest
and
most
dangerous
that
ever
was
undertaken
,
but
Nature
having
not
framed
any
thing
unaccessible
to
the
Couragious
,
the
King
commanded
,
That
all
the
Night
long
,
by
the
light
of
a
great
number
of
Torches
and
Links
,
they
should
draw
up
the
Cannon
to
the
top
of
one
of
these
Hills
,
and
he
did
not
stir
from
thence
till
he
saw
it
put
in
execution
.
The
Besieged
surprized
at
the
boldness
of
the
Enterprize
,
however
ply'd
them
warmly
with
their
Cannon
;
but
in
spite
of
their
Fire
,
which
play'd
without
intermission
,
they
continued
their
Work
,
and
raised
a
Battery
which
the
next
following
Day
began
to
play
against
the
Citadel
.
The
inside
being
all
built
of
Stone
,
the
Cannon
Bullets
made
a
most
terrible
havock
in
a
Fort
which
was
of
no
great
compass
,
so
that
you
might
see
at
every
moment
the
Stones
fly
about
as
thick
as
Hail
,
which
did
great
execution
among
the
Garrison
,
many
of
whom
were
slain
by
the
Stones
,
the
rest
not
daring
to
appear
but
in
the
Night
time
.
Thus
the
Out-Works
being
taken
in
a
few
Days
,
the
Governour
was
forced
to
Capitulate
.
After
the
taking
of
Besancon
,
the
King
laid
Siege
to
Dole
,
the
Fortifications
of
which
place
being
not
quite
brought
to
perfection
,
it
did
hold
out
not
above
nine
Days
.
Salins
defended
it self
seven
Days
,
and
the
strong
Castle
of
St.
Anne
,
which
was
hitherto
esteemed
inaccessible
,
beat
a
Parly
as
soon
as
a
Battery
erected
upon
vast
Wooden-Piles
,
began
to
thunder
against
it
.
Thus
the
King
conquered
the
whole
Franche
Compte
in
four
or
five
Weeks
.
After
the
Conquest
of
this
Province
,
he
divided
his
Army
,
one
part
being
sent
into
Germany
to
reinforce
the
Viscount
of
Turenne
;
and
the
greatest
part
into
Flanders
to
joyn
the
Army
commanded
by
the
Prince
of
Conde
.
Then
he
returned
into
France
,
to
suppress
by
his
Presence
some
Cabals
,
which
it
was
suspected
had
been
set
on
foot
by
the
Allies
in
some
of
the
Maritime
Provinces
.
The
Kingdom
was
at
that
time
threatned
on
all
sides
;
it
was
in
no
small
danger
of
being
Invaded
on
the
German
side
:
The
Allies
had
three
Armies
in
the
Field
in
Flanders
and
Spain
,
another
in
Catalonia
;
and
to
make
sure
Work
,
the
Dutch
threatned
either
to
make
a
Descent
upon
us
,
or
at
least
to
Bombard
some
of
our
Seaport-Towns
.
But
all
these
vast
Designs
vanished
into
Smoak
;
for
our
Frontiers
remained
unattempted
all
this
Campaign
,
and
the
King
had
taken
such
sure
Measures
,
that
the
Allies
had
nothing
else
to
boast
of
,
but
of
their
own
Disgrace
,
having
been
defeated
by
the
King's
Troops
much
inferiour
in
number
to
theirs
.
They
were
no
less
than
threescore
Thousand
effective
Men
in
Flanders
,
all
select
and
old
well-disciplin'd
Troops
;
whereas
the
King's
Army
commanded
by
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
Battle
of
Seneff
.
did
consist
only
of
forty
Thousand
Men.
The
Enemy
advanced
towards
him
,
but
he
was
so
advantageously
posted
,
that
they
did
not
judge
it
advisable
to
attack
him
;
thus
failing
in
their
aim
,
they
decamped
.
The
Germans
cammanded
by
the
General
de
Souches
had
the
Van-guard
;
the
main
Battle
was
made
up
out
of
the
Dutch
Forces
under
the
Command
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
;
the
Spaniards
Commanded
by
the
Count
de
Monterey
Governour
of
the
Spanish
Netherlands
,
had
the
Inner
Guard
,
being
covered
in
their
March
by
a
Body
of
five
Thousand
Horse
,
detach'd
from
the
several
Bodies
of
the
three
Nations
.
The
Prince
of
Conde
,
who
was
advised
that
in
their
March
they
were
obliged
to
pass
several
Lanes
,
judged
not
without
reason
,
that
as
they
pass'd
through
these
Defiles
,
they
must
march
at
such
a
distance
,
as
not
to
be
able
to
second
one
another
timely
enough
,
in
case
of
an
Attack
.
Looking
therefore
upon
it
as
a
most
favourable
opportunity
to
fall
in
with
them
,
he
was
resolved
not
to
let
it
slip
out
of
his
Hands
.
Having
therefore
suffered
the
Imperialists
and
Hollanders
to
pass
the
Defiles
unmolested
,
he
charged
the
Spaniards
so
furiously
,
that
he
absolutely
routed
them
,
taking
many
Standards
and
Colours
,
and
a
great
many
Prisoners
,
among
whom
were
several
of
Quality
.
This
first
Victory
did
not
cost
the
King
above
an
Hundred
,
or
an
Hundred
and
fifty
Men
,
whereas
the
Enemy
lost
above
three
Thousand
;
a
happy
Days
Work
,
if
the
Prince
could
have
been
contented
with
his
good
Success
!
But
having
afterwards
Attack'd
the
main
Body
,
and
likewise
brought
them
in
Confusion
,
matters
seem'd
to
tend
to
a
total
Rout
,
if
the
Imperialists
had
not
found
means
to
come
to
their
relief
.
The
Flying
Enemy
having
got
leisure
in
the
mean
while
to
Rally
,
and
the
three
Generals
to
put
their
several
Bodies
in
order
of
Battel
,
upon
an
Eminency
,
being
cover'd
with
Bushes
,
Hedges
and
Ditches
,
and
Cannon
planted
on
all
the
Avenues
,
the
face
of
Affairs
began
to
change
,
and
the
Fight
was
renewed
with
more
obstinacy
and
fury
than
before
.
The
Enemies
were
posted
in
such
a
manner
,
that
it
was
impossible
to
come
to
Handy
Blows
with
them
,
without
sustaining
the
Fire
of
their
whole
Infantry
;
but
the
greater
the
Danger
,
the
greater
the
Honour
;
all
this
it
seems
was
not
sufficient
to
startle
the
Invincible
Courage
of
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
nor
to
terrifie
his
Soldiers
flush'd
with
Success
,
but
being
resolved
to
compleat
this
Days
Work
by
a
third
Victory
,
they
fell
on
with
incredible
Bravery
.
As
Despair
is
the
most
powerful
Motive
to
inspire
Courage
even
in
the
Faint-hearted
,
so
the
Enemy
defended
themselves
with
great
Obstinacy
;
the
Engagement
lasted
from
Noon
till
Night
,
and
the
Slaughter
did
not
cease
on
both
sides
,
till
Moon-light
about
Ten
or
Eleven
a
Clock
at
Night
.
The
Enemy
took
few
of
ours
Prisoners
,
and
among
them
scarce
any
Body
of
note
;
but
we
lost
abundance
of
brave
Men
and
Officers
,
seven
or
eight
Standards
,
and
had
about
five
or
six
Thousand
killed
and
wounded
.
The
loss
of
the
Enemy
amounted
to
above
seven
or
eight
Thousand
;
we
took
near
five
Thousand
Prisoners
,
among
whom
were
four
Princes
of
the
Empire
,
a
great
number
of
other
Persons
of
Quality
,
many
of
their
Colonels
,
and
two
Hundred
Officers
;
an
Hundred
and
seven
Standards
and
Colours
,
three
Field-pieces
,
two
Mortars
,
several
Kettle-Drums
,
Pontons
,
three
Thousand
Waggons
,
with
all
their
Ammunition
,
and
three
hundred
Thousand
Crowns
in
ready
Money
,
design'd
for
the
Payment
of
their
Armies
.
About
a
Month
after
,
Siege
of
Oudenarde
.
they
laid
Siege
to
Oudenarde
,
but
no
sooner
had
they
got
notice
that
the
Prince
of
Conde
was
marching
to
its
relief
,
but
they
quitted
the
Siege
with
so
much
Precipitation
,
that
they
left
behind
them
in
their
Trenches
part
of
their
Baggage
and
Ammunition
,
besides
most
of
their
Utensils
used
in
carrying
on
of
the
Trenches
.
Another
Army
composed
of
the
Dutch
Forces
,
Siege
of
Grave
.
and
joyn'd
by
some
Brandenburgh
Troops
,
were
for
two
Months
together
busied
in
the
Siege
of
Grave
.
The
City
of
Grave
is
considerable
for
its
strength
,
and
was
at
that
time
very
well
provided
with
Ammunition
,
a
good
Artillery
,
and
a
numerous
Garrison
;
but
the
Besiegers
being
surrounded
on
all
sides
by
their
own
Country
,
had
great
plenty
of
every
thing
in
their
Camp
,
and
the
place
being
but
small
,
there
was
little
appearance
it
should
hold
out
long
,
the
Place
being
given
over
for
lost
by
the
French
,
without
the
least
hopes
of
being
able
to
relieve
it
.
The
Dutch
had
made
many
Attacks
upon
their
out-works
,
but
with
so
little
success
,
that
they
were
repulsed
without
being
able
to
maintain
themselves
in
any
of
these
Posts
.
The
Besieged
made
continual
Sallies
,
nail'd
up
their
Cannon
,
fill'd
up
their
Trenches
,
kill'd
abundance
of
their
Men
,
and
carried
a
great
many
Prisoners
into
the
Town
.
Their
bravery
and
resolution
in
undergoing
with
undaunted
constancy
all
the
Fatigues
of
War
,
the
continual
thundring
of
their
Cannon
,
and
their
frequent
Mines
,
which
,
for
the
most
part
,
did
great
execution
,
had
struck
such
a
terror
among
the
Besiegers
,
that
they
Deserted
by
whole
Troops
,
and
got
into
the
Town
.
To
revive
in
some
measure
,
the
drooping
Courage
of
the
rest
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
marched
to
their
assistance
with
a
Body
of
ten
thousand
fresh
Men
,
who
being
also
repulsed
in
several
Attacks
,
it
was
the
general
Opinion
that
the
Dutch
,
would
in
all
likelihood
have
been
forced
to
quit
the
Enterprise
,
if
the
Governour
,
the
Marquiss
of
Chamilly
,
had
not
received
Orders
from
our
King
to
Capitulate
,
who
,
after
he
had
given
a
thousand
Proofs
of
his
Conduct
and
Courage
,
surrendred
upon
such
Conditions
as
he
himself
thought
fit
to
propose
;
the
Prince
of
Orange
being
willing
enough
to
grant
him
any
thing
,
partly
in
consideration
of
his
Bravery
,
partly
for
fear
,
lest
the
Siege
,
by
the
obstinate
Defence
of
the
Besieged
,
should
protract
,
till
Winter
,
when
the
Season
would
oblige
them
to
raise
it
.
The
Garrison
was
extreamly
diminished
,
not
so
much
by
the
Enemies
Swords
as
by
Sickness
;
and
tho'
they
were
streightned
for
Provisions
,
yet
were
they
resolved
to
have
endured
all
the
extremities
,
and
bury
themselves
under
the
Ruins
of
the
Place
,
if
the
King
,
who
would
not
suffer
that
so
many
brave
Men
should
Sacrifice
themselves
for
the
defence
of
a
Place
,
which
he
judged
of
no
great
consequence
to
his
Affairs
,
had
not
sent
them
his
Orders
to
Capitulate
.
The
King
had
,
at
the
beginning
of
the
War
,
made
himself
Master
of
this
Place
without
the
loss
of
one
single
Man
,
but
the
Dutch
did
not
take
it
till
after
a
Siege
of
three
Months
,
with
a
prodigious
Charge
,
and
the
loss
of
twelve
thousand
Men
;
besides
,
they
run
no
small
hazard
of
coming
off
with
disgrace
.
But
they
were
less
successful
in
their
Expedition
at
Sea
this
Year
;
they
had
near
an
hundred
and
fifty
Men
of
War
,
and
after
the
Peace
with
England
,
were
become
absolute
Masters
of
the
Ocean
,
the
King
having
sent
most
of
his
great
Ships
into
the
Mediterranean
.
One
part
of
this
great
Fleet
was
sent
to
endeavour
the
Conquest
of
the
French
Plantations
in
the
West-Indies
,
the
rest
were
to
be
employed
in
making
a
Descent
upon
our
Coast
;
but
the
best
concerted
measures
prove
not
always
infallible
.
For
Admiral
Ruiter
did
not
succeed
in
his
Enterprise
against
the
Isle
of
Martinico
,
and
Admiral
Trump
,
who
for
four
or
five
Months
threatned
our
Coasts
with
a
desent
,
did
no
other
feats
,
but
to
Land
in
a
small
Island
,
from
whence
he
carried
away
some
Cattel
,
and
plunder'd
a
certain
Abby
.
The
ill
success
of
the
Allies
in
this
Campaign
seem'd
to
be
very
ill
presages
to
the
League
,
especially
if
it
be
taken
into
consideration
,
that
the
King's
Arms
were
Crown'd
with
the
same
success
in
several
other
places
;
for
Frederick
Duke
of
Schomberg
had
beaten
the
Spaniards
in
the
Plains
of
Russilion
;
as
the
Vicount
of
Turenne
had
been
Victorious
over
the
Germans
in
three
or
four
several
Encounters
.
For
,
after
he
had
prevented
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
from
passing
the
Rhine
,
and
consequently
secur'd
the
King's
Conquests
on
that
side
,
he
receiv'd
Orders
to
hinder
,
if
possible
,
the
conjunction
of
the
Duke
with
a
Body
of
Imperialists
,
commanded
by
the
Imperial
General
the
Count
of
Caprara
.
Pursuant
to
these
Orders
he
marched
three
Days
and
Nights
without
intermission
,
and
on
the
fourth
came
within
sight
of
the
Enemy
,
whom
he
found
so
advantageously
posted
,
that
it
seem'd
impossible
to
attack
them
without
the
greatest
hazard
in
the
World
.
For
they
were
drawn
up
in
order
of
Battle
upon
a
rising
Ground
,
being
secured
in
the
Front
by
a
small
Town
,
with
a
deep
Rivulet
,
and
many
Hedges
and
Ditches
,
all
which
must
be
pass'd
before
they
could
be
attack'd
.
But
what
is
so
strong
or
inaccessible
to
a
Man
who
has
an
equal
share
of
Conduct
and
Courage
?
To
be
short
,
the
Town
was
taken
in
less
than
two
Hours
,
and
the
Enemies
Infantry
which
defended
it
,
either
cut
in
pieces
,
or
taken
Prisoners
.
But
this
was
only
the
Introduction
to
the
rest
;
our
Troops
were
extreamly
fatigued
with
so
long
a
March
,
and
the
heat
of
the
Season
;
besides
that
,
the
Enemy
having
the
advantage
of
the
Wind
,
they
were
incommoded
with
the
Smoak
and
Dust
which
almost
choak'd
them
as
they
advanc'd
towards
the
Enemy
,
where
the
Enemy
stood
ready
to
receive
them
:
Notwithstanding
all
these
disadvantages
,
they
were
resolute
in
attacking
them
;
the
Viscount
of
Turenne's
Army
consisted
of
nine
or
ten
thousand
Men
,
and
that
of
the
Duke
of
Loerain
was
near
equal
in
number
to
his
,
with
this
difference
only
,
that
the
last
had
more
Horse
,
the
other
exceeded
in
Foot
.
The
first
attack
was
made
with
equal
bravery
on
both
sides
,
there
being
not
a
Squadron
but
what
charged
four
or
five
times
,
and
the
Dukes
Forces
rallied
and
return'd
to
their
charge
seven
or
eight
times
,
neither
were
they
put
to
the
rout
till
after
a
bloody
and
obstinate
Fight
of
eight
Hours
.
About
three
Weeks
after
,
the
Prince
of
Bourneville
General
of
the
Imperial
Forces
,
being
with
a
Body
of
seven
or
eight
thousand
Men
joyn'd
to
the
broken
remainders
of
the
Confederate
Army
.
July
6th
.
The
Viscount
of
Turenne
passed
the
River
Neckar
at
Ladenburgh
,
in
sight
of
them
,
and
followed
them
so
closely
,
that
he
fell
in
with
their
Rear
,
which
he
put
to
the
rout
,
forcing
their
Infantry
to
seek
for
shelter
among
the
neighbouring
Woods
and
Mountains
;
but
their
Horse
being
briskly
pursued
by
the
French
,
did
not
face
about
till
they
came
to
Franckfort
,
twenty
Leagues
from
thence
,
where
being
cover'd
by
the
River
Maine
,
the
Viscount
could
not
pursue
them
any
further
;
but
they
were
scatter'd
to
that
degree
that
they
were
not
in
a
condition
to
appear
again
in
the
Field
,
till
being
reinforced
with
fresh
Supplies
and
Troops
from
the
Emperor
,
from
the
Elector
Palatin
,
the
Elector
of
Cologne
,
Bishop
of
Munster
,
Duke
of
Wolfenbuttel
,
and
all
the
neighbouring
Circles
,
they
made
up
an
Army
of
thirty
five
or
thirty
six
thousand
Effiective
Men.
But
this
great
Body
was
commanded
by
five
Generals
independant
from
one
another
,
who
being
swayed
by
so
many
different
Interests
,
did
not
agree
in
what
measures
to
take
;
one
being
for
the
attempting
the
recovery
of
the
Dukedom
of
Lorrain
;
another
for
the
Siege
of
Treves
or
Philipsburgh
;
another
for
attacking
the
Viscount
of
Turenne
with
their
joynt
Forces
,
thereby
to
retrieve
their
former
disgrace
.
The
French
Army
was
at
that
time
not
above
fifteen
thousand
strong
,
but
the
renown
of
their
General
,
and
their
late
Victories
had
made
them
so
dreadful
to
the
Enemy
,
that
they
durst
not
attempt
to
attack
them
.
With
this
small
Army
he
kept
them
in
play
for
two
Months
together
in
the
Lower
-
Alsace
,
till
having
at
last
receiv'd
a
reinforcement
of
some
Regiments
,
he
march'd
directly
against
the
Allies
to
give
them
Battle
,
before
they
could
be
joyn'd
by
the
Elector
of
Brandenburgh's
Forces
,
and
those
of
the
Duke
of
Brunswick
.
The
Name
of
the
Viscount
of
Turenne
famous
by
so
many
Victories
,
was
become
so
terrible
to
the
Enemy
,
that
most
were
of
opinion
they
would
scarce
care
to
face
him
,
but
beyond
all
expectation
they
receiv'd
him
with
all
imaginable
bravery
,
so
that
the
fight
was
very
obstinate
and
dubious
for
some
time
,
till
at
last
,
Victory
of
Entsheim
,
Octob.
4.
having
brought
them
into
confusion
,
they
were
forc'd
to
quit
the
Field
with
the
loss
of
three
thousand
Men
,
ten
pieces
of
Cannon
,
and
thirty
Colours
and
Standards
.
The
French
were
so
eager
in
the
pursuit
,
that
the
Enemies
,
to
fly
with
the
more
conveniency
,
threw
away
their
Cuirasses
and
Arms
,
of
which
there
was
a
great
quantity
found
all
round
about
the
Field
of
Battel
.
This
Action
,
as
brave
as
it
was
,
yet
was
not
the
most
glorious
of
this
Campaign
:
For
the
Allies
having
been
joyn'd
by
the
Troops
of
Brandenburgh
and
Brunswick
Zell
,
about
the
middle
of
October
,
were
near
threescore
and
ten
Thousand
strong
in
the
Field
;
an
Army
so
numerous
,
it
was
fear'd
,
would
like
a
Deluge
over-run
all
our
Conquests
on
that
side
,
but
that
the
King
,
with
an
incredible
resolution
,
without
being
in
the
least
surprized
at
their
number
,
knew
by
his
Prudence
so
to
manage
the
Matter
,
that
all
their
Designs
turn'd
to
their
own
disgrace
.
For
immediately
after
the
raising
of
the
Siege
of
Oudenarde
,
he
had
ordred
a
considerable
Detachment
from
Flanders
into
Germany
,
to
join
with
all
possible
speed
the
Viscount
of
Turenne
;
at
the
same
time
he
dispatch'd
his
Orders
to
him
,
to
keep
upon
the
Defensive
,
and
as
much
as
possibly
could
be
,
to
provide
for
the
security
of
those
Places
,
which
were
of
most
consequence
.
The
King
wisely
foresaw
that
this
vast
Multitude
would
soon
be
forced
to
disperse
,
by
reason
of
the
Divisions
that
were
among
the
Generals
,
for
want
of
sufficient
Magazines
,
and
the
Incommodities
of
the
Season
,
which
must
needs
occasion
many
Diseases
among
the
Souldiers
;
or
that
at
last
whenever
they
should
come
to
separate
themselves
,
there
could
not
be
wanting
an
opportunity
to
engage
and
vanquish
them
.
Accordingly
the
Viscount
of
Turenne
quitted
his
Camp
to
secure
a
certain
Port
so
convenient
and
commodious
for
its
situation
,
that
with
his
small
Army
he
conquered
both
Haugenan
and
Saverne
.
The
Allies
,
who
did
not
judge
it
adviseable
to
attack
him
in
this
advantageous
Post
,
marched
directly
into
the
Upper
Alsace
,
with
an
intention
to
take
up
their
Winter-Quarters
in
this
Province
,
and
so
to
march
in
the
Spring
directly
either
into
Lorrain
,
or
the
Franche
Compte
;
thus
they
lived
at
discretion
for
the
space
of
two
Months
,
over
secure
in
their
own
strength
,
till
the
Viscount
of
Turenne
beat
up
their
Quarters
,
and
sent
them
back
to
the
other
side
of
the
Rhine
.
After
he
had
received
the
abovementioned
Reinforcement
from
Flanders
,
his
Army
consisted
of
scarce
five
and
twenty
Thousand
Men
;
and
tho
he
was
sufficiently
informed
of
the
strength
of
the
Allies
,
who
had
near
three
to
one
against
him
,
he
marched
in
the
Month
of
December
,
taking
a
great
compass
about
,
as
if
he
were
retiring
from
before
them
,
and
shunning
to
come
to
an
Engagement
.
Thus
,
in
lieu
of
taking
the
direct
Road
,
he
marched
through
Lorrain
,
and
having
traversed
the
Mountains
without
any
other
Obstacle
,
but
what
proceeded
from
the
natural
situation
of
these
Hills
,
Dec.
29.
and
the
inconveniencies
of
a
far
advanced
Season
,
he
entred
the
Plains
,
where
he
found
the
Enemies
scattered
up
and
down
in
a
fatal
Security
,
without
the
least
Apprehension
of
danger
from
an
approaching
Enemy
;
at
the
sight
of
whom
they
were
struck
with
such
terrour
,
that
they
were
above
half
vanquish'd
before
they
were
attack'd
;
fourteen
French
Squadrons
(
a
thing
incredible
,
if
it
were
not
unquestionable
,
that
when
an
Army
is
seized
with
a
sudden
and
general
Consternation
,
they
have
no
leisure
to
reflect
upon
the
number
of
the
approaching
Enemy
)
having
passed
the
River
Illin
,
a
place
which
they
found
fordable
,
put
their
whole
Cavalry
to
Flight
.
Being
recovered
from
their
first
Consternation
,
Victory
of
Turkheim
5th
Jan.
1675.
they
resolved
to
stand
the
Brunt
at
a
place
call'd
Turkheim
,
but
with
no
better
success
than
before
,
they
being
routed
a
second
time
,
and
forced
to
retreat
in
great
confusion
to
the
Rhine
,
which
they
repass'd
on
the
11th
of
January
,
in
the
Year
1675.
there
being
not
above
twenty
thousand
left
of
that
vast
Army
;
the
rest
were
either
taken
Prisoners
,
or
perished
by
the
Sword
,
Famine
,
Debaucheries
,
and
Distempers
.
All
these
Victories
as
they
were
the
happy
Products
of
the
King's
Vigilancy
,
Campaign
of
1675.
and
the
Bravery
of
his
Soldiers
,
so
they
struck
such
a
Terrour
among
his
Enemies
,
that
they
were
resolved
to
try
their
utmost
,
the
next
following
Campaign
.
The
King
finding
their
Preparations
suitable
to
their
Designs
,
set
out
early
in
the
Spring
for
the
Army
,
and
having
ordred
the
Seige
of
Dinant
and
Huy
after
the
Reduction
of
these
two
Places
,
the
first
by
the
Marshal
de
Crequy
,
the
second
by
Henry
Lewis
Dalenny
de
Rochfort
,
likewise
Marshal
of
France
,
the
City
of
Limburgh
,
famous
for
its
strength
,
and
being
the
Capital
of
the
Province
of
the
same
Name
,
was
immediately
Besieged
by
Henry
Julius
Duke
of
Enguen
,
since
Prince
of
Conde
,
which
was
forced
to
surrender
within
eight
Days
after
.
It
is
true
,
the
Governour
of
the
Spanish
Netherlands
,
in
conjunction
with
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
marched
to
its
Relief
with
an
Army
consisting
of
fifty
Thousand
effective
Men
,
but
finding
at
their
approach
,
that
the
place
was
surrendred
,
they
retreated
without
doing
any
thing
further
that
Campaign
,
than
to
consume
all
the
Forage
in
Brabant
,
and
to
ruine
their
own
Territories
.
But
Germany
was
the
Theater
of
War
,
where
the
most
glorious
Actions
were
performed
during
this
Campaign
,
Fortuneseeming
to
keep
an
equal
Balance
betwixt
Us
and
the
Allies
on
that
side
.
The
Enemies
Army
upon
the
Rhine
appearing
more
numerous
in
the
Field
than
it
had
done
any
time
since
the
beginning
of
this
War
.
The
last
Campaign
there
had
been
so
many
Factions
as
there
were
Generals
among
them
,
that
,
to
speak
impartially
,
they
were
without
a
Head
to
Command
them
.
But
now
things
appear'd
with
quite
another
Face
,
the
whole
Army
being
Commanded
by
the
Count
of
Montecuculi
,
the
same
who
two
Years
before
had
the
chief
Command
of
the
Imperial
Army
upon
the
Rhine
.
He
was
an
old
and
experienced
General
,
very
well
versed
in
the
whole
Art
,
and
all
the
Stratagems
of
War
,
always
upon
his
Guard
,
whose
Ambition
was
,
not
so
much
to
gain
any
particular
advantage
upon
his
Enemy
,
as
to
bring
a
whole
Campaign
to
a
happy
Conclusion
.
The
Viscount
of
Turenne
;
General
of
the
King's
Army
on
the
Rhine
,
was
not
inferiour
to
him
either
in
Experience
,
or
any
other
Qualification
belonging
to
a
Great
General
;
and
it
may
be
said
without
Flattery
,
that
his
Name
was
more
famous
,
and
his
Reputation
better
established
by
an
infinite
number
of
glorious
Actions
,
in
all
which
he
had
given
most
ample
demonstrations
to
the
World
,
that
never
any
General
was
comparable
to
,
or
at
least
never
surpassed
him
in
the
Art
of
War
.
Among
the
most
Renowned
Heroes
in
former
Ages
,
who
by
their
great
Actions
and
Conquests
have
rendred
their
Names
so
famous
to
Posterity
,
there
are
few
who
can
boast
of
the
same
Skill
wherewith
this
Great
General
used
to
Discipline
his
Troops
,
to
provide
them
with
all
Necessaries
,
and
to
make
use
of
all
Advantages
to
thwart
the
Designs
of
his
Enemies
.
It
was
without
all
question
a
thing
worth
the
notice
and
attention
of
all
Europe
,
to
see
these
two
great
Captains
to
use
their
utmost
Endeavours
to
outvie
one
another
in
their
swift
Marches
,
in
their
Encampments
,
and
to
make
use
of
all
the
most
refined
Stratagems
,
to
prevent
one
another
from
gairing
the
least
advantage
.
The
Viscount
de
Turenne
had
nevertheless
the
good
Fortune
to
pass
the
Rhine
almost
in
sight
of
the
Confederate
Army
,
which
done
,
he
possess'd
himself
of
so
advantageous
a
Post
,
that
without
the
least
fear
of
being
forced
in
his
Entrenchments
,
he
might
cut
off
the
necessary
Convoys
from
the
Enemy
.
An
Action
so
Glorious
which
had
broken
all
the
Measures
of
his
Rival
at
one
stroke
,
was
look'd
upon
by
all
Europe
to
be
equivalent
to
a
Victory
.
But
the
Viscount
de
Turenne
not
satisfied
with
this
Advantage
,
unless
he
had
also
routed
the
Confederate
Army
,
had
enclosed
them
so
narrowly
on
all
sides
,
that
it
was
impossible
for
them
to
march
off
without
coming
to
handy
Blows
.
In
order
to
this
he
went
out
of
his
Camp
on
the
27th
of
July
to
view
a
certain
place
,
where
he
intended
to
raise
a
Battery
the
better
to
annoy
the
Enemy
,
where
he
was
unfortunately
slain
by
a
Cannon-shot
,
The
Death
of
the
Marshal
de
Turenne
.
which
struck
against
his
Breast
,
and
laid
him
dead
,
upon
the
Ground
.
Never
was
any
General
more
universally
lamented
,
neither
did
ever
any
one
deserve
it
better
.
He
was
a
Person
of
extraordinary
Merit
,
a
Great
Captain
and
excellent
Politician
;
a
Man
equally
modest
and
agreeable
in
Conversation
,
who
despised
Riches
,
and
was
an
Enemy
to
Pride
,
who
was
never
backward
in
doing
all
the
good
he
could
,
and
never
known
to
do
harm
to
any
Body
,
all
his
Passion
being
directed
to
glorious
Actions
.
It
is
not
to
be
express'd
how
sensibly
the
King
was
touch'd
with
the
loss
of
so
great
a
Man
,
he
heap'd
Honours
and
Riches
upon
his
Family
;
The
Viscount
dyed
without
Children
.
and
to
give
the
most
ample
Testimonies
of
the
Value
he
put
upon
his
pass'd
Services
,
and
to
Crown
the
Vertues
of
so
great
a
Man
with
due
Rewards
,
he
caused
most
magnificent
Obsequies
to
be
made
in
the
Church
of
Paris
,
and
order'd
his
Corps
to
be
deposited
in
the
Abbey
of
St.
Denys
,
the
ordinary
Burying
place
of
the
Kings
of
France
.
But
the
greatest
ornament
of
the
whole
Funeral
Pomp
was
the
inexpressible
sorrow
which
appear'd
in
the
Countenance
of
all
the
Chief
Men
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
the
everlasting
Memory
of
his
great
and
Glorious
Actions
.
But
to
return
to
the
Rhine
,
the
Viscount
de
Turenne
having
not
communicated
his
design
to
any
of
his
Lieutenant-Generals
,
the
Count
de
Lorge
,
his
Nephew
,
afterwards
made
Duke
,
Peer
and
Marshal
of
France
,
took
upon
him
the
Command
of
the
Army
,
and
immediately
after
his
Death
repass'd
the
Rhine
,
and
intrench'd
himself
on
the
other
side
,
till
further
Orders
from
the
King
.
The
Enemy
during
his
Retreat
,
Attack'd
him
in
the
Rear
,
but
were
so
vigorously
received
by
the
French
,
that
they
lost
above
four
thousand
Men
upon
this
occasion
;
nevertheless
the
Count
de
Lorge
was
not
strong
enough
to
prevent
Montecuculi
from
passing
the
Rhine
,
and
marching
into
the
Lower
Alsace
.
The
French
Army
was
at
that
time
in
a
very
ill
Condition
,
in
want
of
Provision
and
Forage
,
much
diminish'd
by
Sickness
and
Mortality
,
and
so
dejected
by
the
loss
of
their
General
,
that
it
was
feared
they
would
have
been
quite
dispersed
,
if
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
who
by
the
King's
Orders
posted
in
all
haste
thither
from
Flanders
,
had
not
found
means
to
raise
their
drooping
Courage
by
his
Presence
.
Notwithstanding
which
the
Count
of
Montecuculi
laid
Siege
to
the
City
of
Hagenau
in
August
,
and
in
the
Month
of
September
following
fat
down
before
Saverne
,
but
upon
intelligence
that
the
Prince
was
marching
to
their
Relief
,
he
quitted
both
these
Enterprizes
.
At
last
towards
the
latter
end
of
the
Campaign
,
the
Imperialists
were
obliged
to
repass
the
Rhine
,
and
to
take
up
their
Winter-Quarters
in
the
Confederate
Territories
.
But
the
Dukes
of
Zell
and
Lorrain
had
much
better
Success
in
the
Siege
of
Treves
.
Siege
of
Treves
.
For
these
Princes
being
advertized
that
the
Marshal
de
Crequy
,
at
the
Head
of
an
Army
,
was
marching
to
the
Relief
of
the
Place
,
left
a
good
Body
for
the
guard
of
their
Trenches
,
and
other
Works
,
and
march'd
with
a
Body
of
near
twenty
Thousand
Men
to
meet
the
Enemy
.
The
Marshal
had
not
above
nine
or
ten
Thousand
Men
with
him
,
notwithstanding
this
inequality
of
their
Number
,
he
resolved
to
try
his
Fortune
.
There
are
certain
happy
Moments
,
when
we
have
known
a
handful
of
brave
resolute
Fellows
to
have
driven
before
them
,
and
cut
in
pieces
a
whole
Army
,
but
these
Fortunate
Moments
are
so
rare
,
that
it
is
more
expedient
to
relie
upon
the
number
and
equality
of
our
Troops
,
than
upon
these
Accidents
.
To
be
short
,
Defeat
of
the
Marshal
de
Crequy
this
Day
proved
unfortunate
to
the
Marshal
de
Crequy
;
for
his
Infantry
being
ill
seconded
by
the
Cavalry
,
he
was
entirely
defeated
,
and
his
small
Army
put
to
the
Rout
,
and
dispersed
in
such
a
manner
,
that
he
himself
,
with
only
three
more
,
was
forced
to
shelter
themselves
in
an
adjacent
Wood
,
from
whence
he
found
means
to
get
into
Treves
.
He
defended
the
place
for
three
Weeks
after
with
incredible
Bravery
against
his
Victorious
Enemy
,
and
would
not-hearken
to
any
Propositions
of
Surrender
,
tho
all
the
Out-works
were
taken
,
and
that
there
were
several
large
Breaches
in
the
Walls
of
the
Place
.
The
Garrison
headed
by
some
mutinous
Officers
,
were
so
exasperated
at
this
desperate
Resolution
,
that
they
resolved
to
capitulate
without
him
,
and
accordingly
surrendred
him
,
and
many
other
of
the
French
Officers
to
the
Allies
.
This
being
the
first
Campaign
which
since
the
beginning
of
this
War
had
proved
prosperous
to
the
Confederates
,
they
were
so
puffed
up
with
their
late
Success
,
that
forgetting
their
former
Misfortunes
,
and
the
many
Advantages
we
had
over
them
,
they
began
to
boast
,
that
in
the
next
Spring
they
intended
to
put
their
so
long
projected
great
design
in
execution
.
But
it
was
not
long
,
before
the
King
made
them
sufficiently
sensible
,
that
by
the
loss
of
a
Place
and
four
or
five
Thousand
Men
,
he
was
not
become
less
powerful
than
before
.
For
after
having
Besieged
and
Taken
the
City
of
Conde
by
assault
,
Conde
taken
April
the
26th
.
towards
the
latter
end
of
April
,
he
ordred
the
Duke
of
Orleans
to
Besiege
Bouchain
.
whilst
he
himself
with
the
head
Army
covered
the
Siege
to
make
head
against
the
Enemy
,
in
case
they
should
come
to
its
relief
.
The
Governour
of
the
Spanish
Netherlands
,
and
the
Prince
of
Orange
brought
together
a
good
Army
,
in
order
,
as
it
was
believed
,
to
attempt
the
Relief
of
the
Place
;
but
judging
it
not
advisable
to
attack
the
King
,
they
entrenched
themselves
under
the
Cannon
of
Valenciennes
,
in
hopes
to
meet
with
a
favourable
opportunity
to
throw
some
Supplies
of
Men
and
Provisions
into
Bouchain
,
but
they
reap'd
no
other
advantage
by
it
,
than
to
be
Eye-Witnesses
of
the
Reduction
of
the
Place
.
The
King
endeavoured
by
all
means
possible
to
bring
them
to
a
Battle
,
but
they
were
as
careful
to
avoid
it
,
not
having
made
the
least
motion
,
but
remaining
in
their
advantageous
Station
for
two
Months
together
,
whilst
the
King
remain'd
on
the
Frontiers
.
But
no
sooner
had
the
King
left
the
Army
,
Siege
of
Mastrich
and
was
returning
into
France
,
when
the
Prince
of
Orange
with
the
Dutch
Army
,
in
conjunction
with
the
Spaniards
,
and
some
Auxiliary
Troops
of
several
German
Princes
,
who
commanded
their
Forces
in
Person
,
laid
Siege
to
the
strong
City
of
Mastricht
.
The
King
being
sufficiently
assured
,
that
the
present
condition
of
the
Place
,
provided
with
all
Necessaries
for
a
vigorous
defence
,
together
with
the
Bravery
of
the
Garrison
,
and
the
invincible
Courage
and
Experience
of
the
Deputy
Governour
the
Count
de
Calva
,
a
Catalonian
by
Birth
,
who
commanded
in
the
Governour
's
Absence
,
would
keep
the
Enemy
in
play
for
some
time
,
before
they
should
stand
in
need
of
any
relief
,
took
the
advantage
of
this
opportunity
,
and
whilst
the
Enemy
was
busied
in
that
Siege
,
he
ordred
the
Marshal
de
Humiers
to
sit
down
before
Aire
,
one
of
the
strongest
and
most
considerable
of
that
Country
,
situate
on
the
Frontiers
of
the
Province
of
Artois
.
The
Marshal
having
made
himself
Master
of
it
in
five
Days
,
he
attack'd
the
strong
Fort
of
Linck
,
which
being
soon
forced
to
follow
the
Example
of
Aire
,
the
whole
French
Army
by
easie
Marches
,
moved
under
the
Command
of
the
Marshal
Duke
Frederick
of
Schomberg
,
towards
Mastricht
.
The
Besiegers
had
been
employed
in
the
Siege
for
near
seven
Weeks
,
without
having
been
able
to
make
themselves
Masters
of
the
Counterscarp
or
any
Out-works
;
they
had
made
many
and
very
furious
Attacks
,
but
had
been
always
repulsed
with
great
loss
;
and
their
Army
being
by
the
many
Sallies
and
Mines
of
the
Besieged
,
as
well
as
by
Mortality
reduc'd
to
one
half
of
what
it
was
at
the
beginning
of
the
Siege
,
they
judged
it
most
advisable
to
decamp
,
Siege
of
Mastricht
raised
,
Aug.
26.
and
to
quit
the
Siege
so
soon
as
they
saw
the
French
Army
approach
towards
their
Lines
,
they
retreated
with
so
much
Precipitation
,
that
they
left
behind
them
fifty
pieces
of
great
Cannon
for
Battery
,
six
Thousand
Musquets
,
all
their
Provision
and
Ammunition
,
with
a
great
number
of
sick
and
wounded
Soldiers
.
The-Fleet
which
the
States-General
had
sent
into
the
Mediterranean
,
Victories
obtained
in
Sicily
.
to
endeavour
the
Recovery
of
Messina
,
which
City
two
Years
before
had
shaken
off
the
Spanish
Yoak
more
out
of
a
hatred
of
the
Spaniards
,
than
a
real
love
of
Liberty
,
had
no
better
success
than
the
rest
.
It
is
certain
that
France
had
not
been
in
the
least
concerned
in
this
Rebellion
,
but
the
King
being
two
wise
not
to
lay
hold
of
so
favourable
a
juncture
and
to
improve
it
to
his
own
advantage
,
he
sent
them
some
Supplies
,
which
at
first
were
but
inconsiderable
,
but
were
by
degrees
strengthened
by
several
Reinforcements
.
Lewis
Vivone
,
Spaniards
beaten
at
Sea
.
Duke
,
Peer
,
and
Marshal
of
France
,
beat
the
Spanish
Fleet
that
block'd
up
the
Harbour
of
Messina
,
and
brought
a
good
supply
of
Provision
and
Ammunition
into
the
Place
on
the
11th
of
April
,
in
the
Year
1675.
and
in
the
same
Summer
in
the
Month
of
August
,
made
himself
Master
of
Agousta
,
a
Port
of
no
less
consequence
and
conveniency
than
the
former
.
The
Spaniards
being
put
under
no
small
apprehension
of
losing
the
whole
Island
of
Sicily
,
solicited
the
Hollanders
to
send
a
Fleet
to
their
assistance
into
the
Mediterranean
,
and
at
the
same
time
obtained
from
the
States
,
that
the
said
Fleet
should
be
commanded
by
Admiral
Ruyter
,
the
most
famous
Commander
at
Sea
,
at
that
time
,
in
all
Europe
.
Our
King
gave
the
Command
of
his
Fleet
to
another
brave
Seaman
,
who
,
tho
less
famous
,
yet
was
not
inferiour
to
the
other
in
Skill
and
Experience
in
Maritime
Affairs
.
This
was
one
called
Duquesne
,
born
at
Diepe
,
who
from
a
simple
Seamen
,
as
well
as
Admiral
Ruyter
,
had
raised
himself
to
the
Supream
Command
of
a
Fleet.
Both
Fleets
joyn'd
in
Battle
in
January
,
in
the
Year
1676.
The
Engagement
was
so
terrible
and
furious
,
that
according
to
the
Letter
written
by
Admiral
Ruyter
himself
,
he
never
faw
any
thing
like
it
in
all
his
Life
before
.
But
Duquesne
forced
the
Hollanders
to
retreat
,
and
to
leave
a
free
Passage
for
his
Ships
into
the
Port
of
Messina
,
which
he
entred
in
Triumph
with
his
whole
Squadron
,
and
the
Convoy
.
In
the
April
next
following
,
the
Dutch
in
conjunction
with
the
Spaniards
,
having
attack'd
the
Port
of
Agousta
,
Duquesne
forced
them
to
quit
the
Enterprize
.
This
Engagement
was
very
bloody
,
Admi●al
Ruyter
killed
.
Ruyter
himself
received
three
Wounds
;
one
in
the
Head
,
another
in
the
Thigh
,
and
the
third
in
the
Foot
,
of
which
he
died
in
ten
Days
after
.
The
Enemies
being
put
into
a
great
Consternation
by
the
loss
of
their
Admiral
,
durst
not
appear
any
longer
at
Sea
,
but
retired
to
Palermo
to
refit
and
to
expect
a
fresh
Reinforcemont
.
But
the
Marshal
and
Duke
de
Vivone
resolving
to
give
them
a
Visit
before
they
could
be
reinforced
with
fresh
Supplies
,
set
Sail
with
his
Squadron
towards
Palermo
,
where
he
arrived
on
the
second
of
January
following
,
he
found
them
riding
at
Anchor
at
the
very
entrance
of
the
Port
in
very
good
order
;
but
no
sooner
had
he
sent
some
Fire-Ships
among
them
,
which
set
two
or
three
of
their
Ships
on
Fire
,
but
the
rest
either
ran
a-shoar
,
sunk
themselves
,
or
blew
up
in
the
Air
;
some
few
getting
into
the
Port.
The
Ennemies
lost
twelve
of
their
best
Ships
in
this
occasion
,
The
Dutch
Fleet
burnt
in
the
Port
of
Palermo
.
six
Gallies
,
with
seven
hundred
pieces
of
Cannon
,
and
above
five
thousand
Men.
The
Houses
odjoyning
to
the
Port
,
and
the
whole
lower
Town
were
much
endamaged
by
the
pieces
of
Iron
Bars
,
and
the
broken
Cannon
and
Ships
,
which
,
by
the
force
of
the
Powder
were
thrown
into
the
place
and
crush'd
all
to
pieces
where-ever
they
happen'd
to
fall
.
The
Marshal
having
obtain'd
this
Victory
,
which
was
one
of
the
most
compleat
that
had
been
obtain'd
for
many
Years
before
,
without
any
considerable
loss
on
his
side
,
made
all
Italy
tremble
,
especially
when
they
saw
the
French
within
two
Months
after
,
Masters
of
Taormine
,
of
Sealette
,
of
St.
Placida
,
and
many
other
small
places
along
the
Sicilian
Coast
.
The
Confederates
took
in
the
Month
of
September
the
strong
Fortress
of
Philipsburgh
,
Philipsburgh
taken
by
the
Allies
.
which
,
after
a
whole
Years
Blockade
,
and
a
Siege
of
three
Months
,
had
been
forc'd
to
Capitulate
;
but
the
taking
of
this
Place
was
look'd
upon
as
a
slender
equivalent
to
counterbalance
the
losses
the
Allies
had
sustain'd
this
Campaign
in
other
places
.
It
must
be
confess'd
that
Philipsbourg
is
a
Place
of
great
consequence
,
both
in
respect
of
its
Fortifications
and
Situation
,
as
being
the
inlet
into
Alsace
,
and
a
Bridle
to
the
Palatinate
;
but
it
ought
also
to
be
consider'd
,
that
this
long
Siege
cost
the
Enemy
such
a
vast
number
of
brave
Men
,
that
a
conquest
bought
at
so
dear
a
rate
,
may
well
be
judged
less
advantageous
,
when
attended
with
such
fatal
Consequences
.
For
the
Confederate
Army
was
reduc'd
to
so
ill
a
condition
after
this
Siege
,
that
the
French
,
who
observ'd
them
narrowly
in
all
their
motions
,
soon
after
oblig'd
them
,
as
they
did
the
Year
before
,
to
seek
for
Winter-Quarters
in
their
own
Territories
,
and
to
recruit
their
broken
Troops
.
The
next
following
Year
the
King
open'd
the
Campaign
with
the
Conquest
of
Valenciennes
,
Cambray
,
and
St.
Omer
,
Campaign
of
1677.
and
a
Signal
Victory
obtain'd
over
the
Confederate
Army
in
a
pitch'd
Battle
;
one
of
the
most
famous
Expeditions
that
has
been
undertaken
for
these
several
Ages
past
,
whether
in
consideration
of
the
renown
and
strength
of
the
abovementioned
Places
,
or
in
respect
of
the
little
time
the
King
spent
in
conquering
them
in
a
Season
,
when
for
want
of
Forage
,
there
was
but
small
likelihood
of
succeeding
in
such
an
Enterprise
.
The
City
of
Cambray
is
Situate
at
the
very
entrance
of
Flanders
,
where
it
joyn'd
on
our
Frontiers
,
and
was
consequently
very
incommodious
to
us
,
the
Garrison
having
often
carried
Fire
and
Flame
into
our
Territories
,
as
far
as
the
Isle
of
France
,
from
whence
they
used
to
draw
great
Contributions
,
sufficient
to
entertain
a
good
number
of
Troops
,
who
frequently
play'd
the
Masters
over
us
in
these
parts
,
when
for
the
rest
we
gave
Laws
to
all
the
Spanish
Netherlands
.
The
Situation
of
St.
Omer
was
such
,
as
to
be
in
a
condition
to
make
frequent
Excursions
into
the
Province
of
Artois
,
and
the
Boulonnese
Territories
,
Valenciennes
was
of
as
great
consequence
to
us
as
the
other
two
;
but
,
tho'
the
King
was
not
ignorant
long
before
of
the
advantage
of
the
Conquest
of
these
three
places
,
yet
considering
their
strength
,
we
durst
scarce
flatter
our selves
to
be
able
to
undertake
such
an
Expedition
,
as
to
Besiege
them
all
three
at
once
,
or
if
we
did
,
there
appear'd
but
little
likelihood
of
succeeding
in
so
great
an
undertaking
.
There
was
in
Valenciennes
at
that
time
,
Valenciennes
besieged
.
a
Garrison
of
three
thousand
Foot
and
a
thousand
Horse
,
besides
two
thousand
of
the
Inhabitants
trained
up
in
the
Exercise
of
Arms
,
and
a
considerable
number
of
Gentlemen
,
who
had
thrown
themselves
into
the
Place
to
signalize
themselves
in
its
Defence
.
The
City
was
secured
on
one
side
by
the
Watery
and
boggy
Grounds
,
on
the
other
,
by
many
large
Out-Works
,
surrounded
with
deep
Ditches
full
of
Water
.
The
Inhabitants
over-confident
in
the
strength
of
the
Place
,
and
recalling
to
their
Memory
the
disgrace
which
the
Marshal
de
la
Ferte
receiv'd
before
that
Place
in
the
Year
1656
,
were
puff'd
up
with
so
much
Vanity
,
that
,
when
the
King
sat
down
before
the
Place
,
in
lieu
of
being
alarm'd
at
it
,
they
shew'd
not
the
least
concern
in
the
World
,
but
pass'd
their
time
in
Feasting
and
other
Rejoycings
,
and
gave
Balls
upon
their
Bastions
.
But
this
Vain-Glory
soon
vanish'd
,
and
it
may
be
said
,
without
the
least
contradiction
to
Truth
,
that
there
is
scarce
an
Example
to
be
found
,
where
a
place
of
such
strength
,
and
so
much
reputation
,
has
made
a
more
faint
resistance
than
this
.
In
the
foregoing
Year
the
King
had
made
himself
Master
of
Conde
and
Bouchain
,
one
of
which
being
situate
above
,
the
other
below
Valenciennes
,
he
by
posting
a
good
Body
of
Horse
near
these
two
places
,
had
kept
this
City
block'd
up
thegreatest
part
of
the
Winter
.
It
was
Invested
on
the
first
Day
of
March
,
and
the
King
being
arrived
on
the
fourth
of
the
same
Month
in
the
Camp
,
the
Trenches
were
opened
betwixt
the
eighth
and
ninth
,
and
push'd
on
the
same
Night
for
above
sixteen
hundred
Paces
.
The
chief
Attack
was
carried
on
against
a
Crown-Work
,
containing
within
its
compass
a
half
Moon
,
and
behind
that
a
Ravelin
,
call'd
the
Pasty
.
Our
Cannon
and
Bombs
had
done
great
Execution
upon
these
Out-Works
for
several
Days
together
,
when
it
was
resolv'd
to
give
the
Assault
on
the
next
Morning
by
eight
a
Clock
.
The
Troops
Commanded
to
give
the
Assault
fell
like
Lions
in
four
several
places
upon
the
Counterscarp
with
so
much
fury
,
that
the
Enemy
not
being
able
to
sustain
them
,
first
gave
way
,
and
soon
after
betook
themselves
to
flight
.
Being
pursued
by
the
French
,
they
retreated
into
the
Crown-Work
,
but
with
so
much
precipitation
,
that
our
Men
enter'd
pell
mell
with
them
,
and
attacking
them
in
Front
,
Rear
,
and
Flank
,
cut
eight
hundred
of
them
in
pieces
;
the
rest
,
who
endeavour'd
to
save
themselves
by
flight
,
were
beaten
from
Post
to
Post
with
such
an
incredible
Courage
,
that
being
quite
frighted
out
of
their
senses
▪
they
neglected
to
draw
up
the
Bridge
which
joyn'd
to
the
Out-work
.
The
Conquering
Soldiers
encourag'd
as
much
by
the
opportunity
as
the
good
Success
,
make
themselves
Masters
of
the
Bridge
,
and
whilst
the
rest
are
busie
in
breaking
open
the
Gates
with
Hatchets
,
some
got
upon
the
top
of
the
next
Bastion
by
the
help
of
Ladders
,
turn
the
Cannon
against
the
Town
,
whilst
their
Comerades
that
were
got
in
thro'
the
Gates
marched
into
the
City
,
and
barricado'd
themselves
in
the
great
Street
,
in
sight
of
the
Garrison
,
and
the
City
Militia
,
who
being
struck
with
a
Panick
fear
at
the
boldness
of
the
Enterprize
,
Valenciennes
takon
by
Assault
.
threw
down
their
Arms
,
and
without
any
further
Capitulation
,
surrender'd
at
Discretion
.
Who
is
so
ignorant
as
not
to
be
sensible
what
prodigious
Disorders
used
to
be
committed
in
the
ransacking
of
a
Town
taken
by
Assault
,
when
the
enraged
Soldier
makes
the
Inhabitants
,
without
the
least
difference
of
Age
,
Quality
,
or
Sex
,
feel
the
effects
of
his
Fury
.
The
dreadful
Idea
of
all
these
Disasters
,
their
late
unseasonable
Bravadoes
,
and
that
implacable
hatred
which
they
had
shewn
against
the
French
upon
many
occasions
,
made
the
Inhabitants
,
not
without
great
reason
,
tremble
at
the
sight
of
their
Conquering
Enemies
.
But
it
was
not
long
that
they
were
in
fear
of
becoming
a
prey
and
Victim
to
the
French
Soldiers
,
a
few
Minutes
having
deliver'd
them
from
these
direful
apprehensions
;
for
,
no
sooner
had
the
King
been
advertised
of
what
had
passed
,
but
he
sent
Messenger
after
Messenger
,
to
forbid
the
plundering
of
the
City
.
The
Soldiers
had
already
began
with
some
of
the
adjacent
Houses
,
five
or
six
had
been
forced
to
feel
the
effects
of
those
misfortunes
which
happen
in
the
pillaging
of
a
Place
taken
by
Assault
;
and
't
was
fear'd
that
the
unruly
Soldiers
would
scarce
be
prevail'd
upon
to
let
slip
so
fair
an
opportunity
of
satisfying
both
their
Avarice
and
Revenge
,
and
to
be
deaf
to
the
Orders
of
their
Commanders
;
but
no
sooner
were
they
forbidden
in
the
King's
Name
to
plunder
the
City
,
but
all
violence
ceased
in
an
instant
,
to
the
great
astonishment
of
the
whole
City
,
who
could
not
but
stand
amaz'd
at
the
submission
of
the
Soldiery
in
the
midst
of
their
fury
,
who
gave
such
eminent
marks
of
their
Obedience
to
the
King's
pleasure
,
by
their
alacrity
in
gaining
the
Victory
,
and
their
entire
submission
in
relinquishing
the
Fruits
of
their
Bravery
.
The
whole
Garrison
which
consisted
still
of
two
thousand
eight
hundred
Men
,
were
made
Prisoners
of
War
;
but
the
Citizens
had
their
chiefest
Privileges
confirm'd
to
them
.
In
the
Afternoon
every
thing
appear'd
as
quiet
in
the
City
,
as
if
they
had
not
chang'd
their
Master
.
A
most
remarkable
Victory
,
where
a
handful
of
Men
,
in
half
an
hours
time
,
carried
several
strong
Works
by
Assault
,
passed
four
or
five
Ditches
,
and
made
themselves
Masters
of
one
of
the
strongest
and
most
populous
Cities
in
all
Flanders
,
and
that
with
the
loss
only
of
Forty
Men
on
our
side
.
The
taking
of
Valenciennes
,
did
,
like
a
dreadful
Thunderclap
,
make
the
whole
Country
round
about
tremble
for
fear
,
there
being
scarce
one
City
,
tho'
never
so
strong
,
in
those
parts
,
which
did
not
dread
to
undergo
the
same
Fate
.
To
raise
their
drooping
Courage
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
march'd
at
the
Head
of
an
Army
of
thirty
thousand
Men
,
composed
of
the
Dutch
Forces
,
to
endeavour
the
relief
either
of
Cambray
,
or
St.
Omer
,
which
were
besieg'd
both
at
the
same
time
,
the
first
by
the
King
in
Person
,
the
other
by
the
Duke
of
Orleans
,
his
Majesty's
only
Brother
.
Cambray
being
of
such
a
strength
and
advantageous
Situation
,
that
it
was
reported
,
the
Spaniards
made
more
account
upon
it
than
all
the
rest
of
Flanders
;
it
was
generally
believ'd
the
storm
would
fall
that
way
,
but
beyond
all
expectation
,
the
Enemy
rather
chose
to
relieve
St.
Omer
than
Cambray
,
partly
because
they
might
with
less
difficulty
possess
themselves
of
some
advantageous
Posts
near
St.
Omer
,
partly
because
they
had
flatter'd
themselves
with
this
Opinion
,
that
without
much
resistance
they
might
force
our
Quarters
on
one
side
,
where
they
were
not
very
well
secur'd
.
The
Enemies
march
was
so
far
from
causing
the
least
disturbance
among
our
Soldiers
,
that
both
Sieges
were
carried
on
with
the
same
Vigour
as
before
,
there
being
such
an
Emulation
among
the
Soldiery
,
that
one
strove
to
out-do
the
other
in
performing
their
duties
,
the
more
,
because
they
were
plentifully
provided
with
every
thing
necessary
for
their
subsistence
.
For
it
is
to
be
observ'd
,
that
the
King
took
always
this
sure
Maxim
,
to
have
his
Magazins
every
Year
very
well
provided
during
the
Winter
,
with
all
manner
of
Provisions
,
to
be
in
a
condition
to
prevent
his
Enemies
designs
,
and
to
appear
as
early
in
the
Field
as
he
judg'd
it
convenient
.
Cambray
was
so
furiously
attack'd
by
the
King
,
Cambray
surrender'd
April
5.
that
the
City
was
forc'd
to
Capitulate
within
six
days
after
opening
of
the
Trenches
;
the
next
following
Day
the
King
order'd
a
Detachment
of
nine
Battallions
to
march
with
all
possible
diligence
to
joyn
the
Duke
of
Orleans
,
before
the
Enemy
could
force
his
Lines
,
or
engage
him
.
This
Prince
had
in
the
mean
while
advanc'd
so
briskly
in
the
Siege
of
St.
Omer
,
that
at
that
very
time
he
had
made
himself
Master
of
the
most
considerable
Fort
near
the
Place
,
and
on
which
depended
hitherto
the
whole
safety
of
the
Town
.
It
was
at
that
very
instant
he
received
certain
intelligence
that
the
Enemy
were
advanced
within
six
or
seven
Leagues
,
in
order
to
relieve
the
Place
.
His
Troops
were
much
harass'd
,
and
less
numerous
than
the
Prince
of
Orange's
,
but
having
receiv'd
the
King's
Orders
to
march
against
them
,
he
marched
out
of
the
Lines
,
and
having
left
only
a
Body
of
Militia
,
with
some
regular
Troops
,
to
guard
the
Trenches
and
Works
,
directed
his
march
towards
Cassel
,
being
confident
that
the
King
had
taken
his
measures
so
surely
,
as
that
the
expected
reinforcement
would
come
time
enough
to
his
assistance
;
neither
did
he
find
himself
in
the
least
mistaken
in
his
hopes
,
the
above-mention'd
Battallions
having
joyn'd
him
at
the
very
nick
of
time
,
as
he
expected
,
and
so
a
propos
,
that
if
they
had
come
sooner
,
they
would
have
been
less
useful
.
The
Duke
of
Orleans
strengthen'd
by
this
reinforcement
,
and
finding
himself
not
inferiour
in
number
to
the
Enemy
,
sought
only
for
an
opportunity
to
execute
the
King's
Commands
;
in
order
to
which
,
with
a
generous
resolution
,
he
passed
the
next
Day
with
his
Army
a
small
Brook
which
separated
the
two
Armies
,
and
attack'd
the
Enemy
with
great
fury
.
Battli
of
Cassel
April
11.
The
first
Encounter
was
the
most
terrible
that
had
been
seen
in
the
memory
of
Man
,
both
sides
fighting
with
an
equal
bravery
,
so
that
the
success
remain'd
doubtful
for
some
Hours
,
just
as
if
Fortune
had
taken
a
particular
delight
to
see
so
many
brave
Men
dispute
Victory
to
the
utmost
of
their
power
.
But
after
the
Enemy
had
stood
their
ground
bravely
for
three
Hours
,
,
they
were
at
last
forc'd
to
give
way
,
and
soon
after
being
broken
on
all
sides
,
to
seek
for
their
safety
in
their
Heels
;
leaving
as
a
pledge
of
their
defeat
,
to
the
mercy
of
our
Soldiers
all
their
Ammunition
and
Baggage
,
seventeen
Standards
,
four
and
forty
Colours
,
thirteen
pieces
of
Cannon
,
three
thousand
Prisoners
,
and
the
Field
all
cover'd
with
dead
and
wounded
Men
;
Six
thousand
of
them
were
counted
to
be
fallen
upon
the
spot
,
the
rest
sav'd
themselves
under
the
favour
of
the
Hedges
and
Defiles
;
the
approaching
Night
,
and
the
vast
number
of
small
Channels
,
in
which
the
Country
abounds
serving
them
for
a
safeguard
against
their
Enemies
,
who
durst
not
pursue
them
but
with
a
great
deal
of
caution
.
The
Duke
of
Orleans
acquir'd
immortal
Glory
in
this
Action
,
having
shewn
himself
as
great
a
General
in
the
disposition
of
his
Army
,
as
he
behav'd
himself
a
brave
Soldier
during
the
whole
Engagement
,
having
receiv'd
two
Shot
in
his
Armour
,
as
he
was
rallying
some
Battallions
and
leading
them
on
again
to
Charge
the
Enemy
;
he
continued
with
his
Army
for
2
Days
after
,
near
the
Field
of
Battle
,
the
better
to
give
his
Orders
for
the
pursuit
of
the
Enemy
,
and
to
see
whether
perhaps
they
might
be
in
a
condition
to
try
their
Fortune
,
and
attempt
the
relief
of
the
Place
a
second
time
;
but
having
received
certain
intelligence
that
they
were
retreated
far
into
the
Country
,
he
return'd
with
his
Troops
to
the
Lines
,
to
continue
the
Siege
of
St.
Omer
without
any
further
interruption
.
In
two
Days
after
his
new
Batteries
began
to
Play
against
the
Body
of
the
Place
,
and
the
Trenches
were
carried
on
to
the
Glacis
.
The
Counterscarp
being
taken
,
St.
Omer
taken
.
a
wide
Breach
was
made
,
the
Ditch
fill'd
up
in
Order
to
give
a
General
Assault
,
the
Town
Capitulated
after
having
defended
it self
with
a
great
deal
of
Gallantry
and
Resolution
.
Three
days
before
the
Citadel
of
Cambray
had
likewise
been
forc'd
to
a
Surrender
by
the
King
.
The
Garrison
was
composed
of
seven
old
Regiments
,
whereof
two
were
Spaniards
,
two
Lorrainers
,
and
three
Walloons
,
under
a
Governor
who
had
an
equal
share
of
bravery
and
skill
in
Martial
Affairs
.
The
Place
was
well
provided
with
every
thing
for
its
Defence
,
and
of
such
a
strength
,
that
its
Fortifications
were
look'd
upon
as
impregnable
.
Every
thing
seem'd
to
concur
for
a
Vigorous
Defence
against
the
King's
Forces
,
who
were
not
above
nine
or
ten
thousand
strong
.
This
seem'd
to
be
a
very
slender
Force
,
and
little
suitable
to
the
greatness
of
the
Enterprise
,
but
the
King
,
by
his
Presence
,
Vigilancy
,
and
Example
,
did
animate
his
Soldiers
to
that
degree
,
that
redoubling
their
Courage
and
Activity
,
they
,
in
spite
of
the
continual
Fire
and
frequent
Sallies
of
the
Besieged
,
carried
all
the
Out-Works
in
nine
or
ten
Days
time
.
Our
Cannon
having
soon
after
made
a
Breach
in
one
of
the
Bastions
of
the
Place
,
large
enough
for
thirty
Men
to
mount
a-Breast
,
the
Governour
despairing
of
being
able
to
hold
out
the
Assault
,
demanded
a
Capitulation
.
It
would
have
been
no
difficult
matter
for
the
King
to
have
oblig'd
him
to
surrender
at
discretion
,
but
being
free
to
shew
Mercy
to
one
that
had
behav'd
himself
so
Gallantly
,
The
Citadel
of
Cambray
surrender'd
.
he
agreed
to
certain
Articles
to
serve
him
as
a
comfort
in
his
present
affliction
,
pursuant
to
which
the
Garrison
marched
out
at
the
Breach
,
with
Drums
beating
,
Colours
Flying
,
and
two
pieces
of
Cannon
.
The
Conquest
of
these
three
important
places
,
and
the
Battle
of
Cassel
,
put
the
Affairs
of
the
Confederacy
into
such
a
confusision
,
that
it
was
a
considerable
time
before
they
could
recollect
themselves
.
For
it
was
not
till
three
Months
after
that
they
held
a
Congress
at
Wesel
,
to
deliberate
concerning
some
Enterprize
of
moment
,
by
which
they
might
in
some
measure
recover
their
former
Reputation
and
Hopes
.
The
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
,
the
Duke
of
Nieuburgh
,
who
had
lately
declared
against
France
,
the
Ambassador
of
the
King
of
Denmark
,
the
Pensionary
of
Holland
,
Admiral
Trump
,
and
the
Envoys
of
the
King
of
Spain
,
and
several
other
Electors
were
present
at
this
Conference
,
where
the
Siege
of
Charleroy
was
resolved
upon
,
and
the
execution
thereof
committed
to
the
Management
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
.
No
sooner
was
the
Place
invested
with
threescore
thousand
Men
,
but
the
King's
Army
posted
themselves
betwixt
the
Enemy
and
those
Cities
of
Flanders
,
from
whence
they
must
draw
their
Provisions
,
so
that
their
Convoys
being
intercepted
,
they
were
in
a
manner
block'd
up
,
and
began
to
want
Provisions
in
two
Days
time
.
There
was
no
other
remedy
left
,
than
either
to
fight
us
,
or
to
quit
the
Siege
,
but
the
Confederates
not
judging
it
for
their
purpose
to
hazard
a
second
Battle
,
they
decamped
not
without
some
Confusion
before
eight
Days
were
expired
,
laying
the
fault
upon
one
another
,
and
consuming
what
Forage
they
could
meet
with
in
the
Country
,
without
shewing
any
great
inclination
to
oppose
the
King's
Forces
,
who
ravaged
the
Country
,
and
exacted
great
Contributions
.
The
King's
Arms
were
attended
with
the
same
success
in
other
parts
.
Victory
in
Catalonia
.
Philip
de
Montaut
Duke
de
Nouailles
,
had
ravaged
the
whole
Lampourdan
,
and
defeated
ten
Thousand
Spaniards
,
as
they
were
repassing
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
;
there
were
three
Thousand
five
Hundred
of
the
Enemies
killed
upon
the
place
,
and
eight
Hundred
made
Prisoners
,
with
the
loss
of
only
two
Hundred
Men
on
our
side
.
In
Germany
the
Troops
of
the
neighbouring
Circles
commanded
by
a
Duke
of
Saxony
,
In
Germany
.
had
been
worsted
in
several
Encounters
,
and
were
at
last
forced
to
seek
for
shelter
in
one
of
the
Islands
of
the
Rhine
.
But
what
they
intended
for
their
Preservation
,
had
very
near
proved
their
total
Destruction
,
being
in
eminent
danger
of
perishing
either
by
Famine
,
or
the
Enemies
Sword
,
if
upon
the
intercession
of
the
Magistrate
of
Strasburgh
,
the
King
had
not
granted
them
a
Passport
to
retreat
from
thence
in
security
,
under
condition
that
they
should
not
bear
Arms
against
the
King
the
same
Campaign
.
The
Passport
being
signed
by
the
Marshal
de
Crequy
,
who
commanded
at
that
time
on
the
Rhine
,
the
abovementioned
Forces
,
with
their
Saxon
General
,
were
marching
homeward
,
being
conducted
by
a
strong
Guard
,
their
main
security
against
their
Enemies
,
when
Prince
Charles
of
Lorrain
came
in
timely
to
their
Assistance
to
deliver
them
from
so
ignominious
a
Retreat
.
But
it
was
not
long
before
he
paid
dearly
for
the
Glory
of
having
rescued
the
Germans
,
for
within
few
Days
after
,
the
Cavalry
of
his
Right
Wing
was
totally
routed
and
cut
to
pieces
.
This
Prince
was
Heir
and
Nephew
to
the
old
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
who
died
in
the
Year
1675.
After
his
Death
,
the
Emperour
to
bring
him
over
to
his
Interest
,
made
him
General
over
his
Army
on
the
Rhine
,
promising
to
give
to
him
in
Marriage
his
Sister
the
Queen
Dowager
of
Poland
,
and
to
make
use
of
all
his
Power
and
Interest
to
put
him
into
the
Possession
of
Lorrain
,
which
belonged
to
him
by
right
of
Succession
.
His
projected
design
succeeded
but
ill
in
the
Year
1676.
But
at
the
beginning
of
the
Campaign
,
in
the
Year
1677
,
he
thought
himself
so
sure
,
that
he
puts
this
Motto
upon
his
Standards
,
Maintenant
ou
jamais
;
that
is
,
Now
or
Never
.
Full
of
these
fair
hopes
,
he
passed
the
Saar
,
and
advanced
as
far
as
Mouson
;
but
the
Marshal
de
Crequy
followed
him
so
closely
upon
the
Heels
,
that
he
scarce
ever
miss'd
any
opportunity
to
intercept
his
Convoys
,
and
thereby
to
cut
off
his
necessary
Supplies
of
Provisions
;
he
kept
his
Army
in
continual
Alarm
,
and
by
his
Marches
and
Counter-marches
,
harrass'd
them
to
that
degree
,
that
he
broke
all
the
Duke's
Measures
,
who
was
at
last
forced
to
repass
the
Rhine
,
without
having
been
able
to
do
any
thing
of
moment
all
that
Campaign
.
The
Germans
had
no
sooner
repass'd
the
Rhine
,
Friburgh
taken
.
but
the
Marshal
de
Crequy
invested
Friburgh
,
the
Capital
City
of
Brisgau
.
This
City
is
of
a
considerable
bigness
,
and
its
Citadel
very
strong
both
by
its
Situation
and
several
good
Works
;
notwithstanding
which
,
the
Marshal
attack'd
it
so
briskly
,
that
he
became
Master
of
it
in
less
than
eight
Days
time
,
before
Prince
Charles
of
Lorrain
could
come
to
its
relief
.
About
a
Month
after
,
St.
Gillian
besieged
and
taken
.
the
King
caused
St.
Gillian
to
be
Besieged
;
this
Place
is
situate
in
the
midst
of
the
Province
of
Heinault
,
of
very
good
strength
,
and
well
provided
with
every
thing
necessary
for
its
defence
.
The
Soldiers
were
not
only
to
fight
against
the
Enemy
,
but
also
against
the
cold
Season
,
it
being
in
the
Month
of
December
;
notwithstanding
all
these
Difficulties
,
they
carried
the
place
in
nine
Days
,
a
convincing
Instance
,
that
the
King's
Troops
were
used
to
outbrave
all
the
Rigours
of
the
Season
.
These
frequent
Losses
,
and
continual
Disappointments
made
the
People
of
Holland
wish
as
much
for
a
Peace
,
as
the
Prince
of
Orange
had
reason
to
oppose
it
.
For
it
being
the
Interest
of
that
Prince
to
keep
in
his
Hands
as
long
as
possibly
he
could
,
that
great
power
wherewith
he
was
invested
as
long
as
he
was
supream
Commander
both
over
their
Sea
and
Land
Forces
,
he
left
no
Stone
unturn'd
to
prevent
the
States
from
making
either
a
general
or
particular
Peace
with
France
.
But
this
small
and
troublesome
War
,
which
had
already
lasted
four
Years
,
having
exhausted
all
the
Parties
concerned
,
both
of
Men
and
Money
,
the
Prince
judged
it
most
for
his
Purpose
to
make
his
application
to
the
Court
of
England
.
The
English
at
that
time
overflow'd
in
Riches
,
they
had
in
a
manner
managed
all
the
Traffick
of
Europe
alone
for
three
Years
last
past
.
Their
great
affluence
of
Riches
,
had
made
them
jealous
of
our
King
's
growing
Power
,
and
being
besides
this
desirous
of
Glory
,
and
of
signalizing
themselves
abroad
,
they
earnestly
wished
for
a
War
with
France
,
which
had
made
them
more
than
once
to
sollicite
King
Charles
II.
to
enter
into
the
Confederacy
.
This
appearing
a
favourable
juncture
to
the
Prince
of
Orange's
Design
,
he
undertook
a
Journey
to
London
,
as
well
to
engage
that
King
in
an
Alliance
against
us
,
as
to
espouse
the
eldest
Daughter
of
the
Duke
of
York
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
being
K.
Charles
II.
his
Nephew
,
was
much
beloved
and
esteemed
by
him
.
The
Prince's
Religion
,
his
great
Capacity
and
Riches
,
his
Aversion
to
France
,
and
his
great
Interest
in
Holland
,
had
procured
him
great
and
many
Friends
in
both
Houses
of
Parliament
.
It
is
easie
to
be
imagined
,
that
upon
this
occasion
he
made
use
of
all
his
Engines
to
draw
his
Uncle
into
the
Confederacy
,
for
which
reason
he
perswaded
him
to
project
certain
Propositions
of
Peace
,
and
to
declare
against
those
that
should
refuse
to
accept
of
them
.
League
betwixt
England
and
Holland
.
France
being
unwilling
to
hearken
to
these
Conditions
,
great
Levies
were
made
in
England
,
and
some
of
their
Troops
were
transported
into
Flanders
.
But
neither
this
New
League
,
neither
the
English
Auxiliary
Troops
were
sufficient
to
stop
the
Progress
of
our
King
's
Victorious
Arms
,
or
to
hinder
him
from
making
new
Conquests
in
the
next
Spring
.
The
better
to
cover
his
design
,
Campaign
in
1678.
he
took
a
Progress
into
Lorrain
,
the
beginning
of
February
,
where
he
continued
all
that
Month
with
the
Queen
and
the
whole
Court
.
During
this
Progress
,
his
Armies
in
Flanders
,
in
Germany
and
Lorrain
were
continually
in
motion
,
so
that
these
Marches
and
Countermarches
did
amuse
the
Enemy
to
that
degree
,
that
it
was
impossible
for
them
to
judge
which
of
their
Places
was
most
in
danger
,
and
consequently
to
take
any
sure
Measures
for
the
security
of
such
places
as
they
thought
most
exposed
,
for
fear
of
leaving
others
unprovided
in
case
of
an
Attack
.
For
the
King
having
his
Magazines
well
provided
with
every
thing
necessary
for
the
carrying
on
four
or
five
Sieges
at
a
time
from
the
Sea
to
the
Rhine
,
the
Confederates
were
put
under
a
necessity
of
fearing
all
,
without
being
able
to
guess
whereabouts
the
Storm
would
fall
.
Whilst
they
were
under
this
perplexity
,
the
Marshal
de
Humiers
made
a
faint
,
as
if
he
intended
to
Besiege
Ipres
,
which
obliged
the
Governour
of
the
Spanish
Netherlands
,
to
send
thither
a
great
part
of
the
Garrison
of
Ghent
.
But
scarce
were
they
on
their
March
towards
Ipres
,
when
the
City
of
Ghent
it self
was
invested
by
threescore
Thousand
Men
,
who
were
order'd
thither
from
all
the
circumjacent
places
;
and
at
the
same
time
Ipres
,
Charlemont
,
Namur
,
Mons
,
and
Luxenburgh
,
where
the
Confederates
had
disposed
most
of
their
best
Troops
,
were
block'd
up
by
several
flying
Armies
.
Ghent
has
always
been
esteemed
the
largest
City
of
the
Low
Countries
;
Siege
of
Ghent
.
it
has
a
good
Citadel
with
very
fair
Out-works
,
a
strong
Wall
,
surrounded
with
a
large
and
deep
Ditch
.
Its
Fortifications
,
the
number
and
Martial
Inclination
of
its
Inhabitants
,
besides
its
low
situation
in
a
Marshy
Ground
,
at
the
Confluence
of
three
Rivers
and
two
Canals
,
which
serve
for
a
Barricado
against
an
approaching
Enemy
,
did
render
this
Enterprise
so
difficult
in
the
Eyes
of
all
the
World
,
that
after
the
Siege
was
begun
,
the
News
of
it
scarce
met
with
credit
in
the
Neighbouring
Countries
.
The
King
had
taken
such
measures
,
and
his
Orders
were
obey'd
with
such
exactness
and
alacrity
,
that
,
tho'
the
Place
had
not
been
Invested
above
three
Days
when
he
arriv'd
in
the
Camp
,
the
Lines
of
Circumvallation
,
which
contain'd
eight
Leagues
in
compass
,
were
very
near
brought
to
perfection
,
notwithstanding
the
rainy
Season
,
and
the
many
difficulties
which
were
to
be
surmounted
in
these
marshy
Grounds
.
It
was
extreamly
bad
Weather
when
he
set
out
from
Stenay
,
notwithstanding
which
he
travelled
above
sixty
large
Leagues
in
less
than
three
Days
,
and
arrived
in
the
Camp
before
Ghent
on
the
4th
of
March
,
when
without
dismounting
from
his
Horse
,
or
taking
the
least
refreshment
or
repose
,
he
took
,
in
Person
,
a
view
of
the
Place
,
and
all
the
Works
;
the
Governour
of
Ghent
having
the
same
Day
open'd
the
Sluices
,
the
King
order'd
so
many
Dikes
and
Ditches
for
the
draining
of
the
Ground
to
be
made
,
that
his
Forces
received
no
considerable
damage
by
the
Water
,
and
were
preserv'd
in
so
good
a
condition
,
as
to
make
themselves
Masters
the
next
Day
of
the
Counterscarp
,
and
some
Out-Works
.
Nevertheless
this
great
City
defended
it self
for
some
time
longer
,
till
the
Inhabitants
being
made
sensible
of
the
effects
of
our
Bombs
,
Carcasses
,
and
fiery
Bullets
,
which
flew
as
thick
as
Hail-stones
,
and
destroy'd
their
Houses
,
they
beat
a
Parley
.
The
next
day
after
the
Citadel
was
besieg'd
by
Noon-day
,
Ghent
taken
.
which
being
defended
by
four
good
Bastions
,
and
a
Garrison
of
a
thousand
Men
,
yet
was
forc'd
to
surrender
on
the
third
Day
after
opening
of
the
Trenches
.
After
the
taking
of
Ghent
,
Ypress
besieged
.
the
King
without
loosing
any
time
marched
directly
to
Ipress
,
a
well
Fortified
City
,
and
conveniently
situated
for
the
King
to
keep
correspondence
with
,
and
secure
his
other
Conquests
thereabouts
.
The
Spaniards
had
lately
drawn
out
of
the
place
two
Battallions
of
their
best
Men
,
whom
they
sent
to
Bruges
to
reinforce
that
Garrison
;
nevertheless
there
was
,
at
the
beginning
of
the
Siege
,
a
Garrison
consisting
of
three
thousand
effective
Men
,
old
and
well
disciplin'd
Troops
;
besides
a
great
number
of
brave
Officers
and
Voluntiers
,
who
,
by
their
Example
encouraged
the
Soldiers
to
make
a
vigorous
Defence
.
But
by
the
bravery
of
our
Troops
,
the
Trenches
were
carried
on
to
the
Glacis
and
Counterscarp
,
and
after
a
bloody
Engagement
taken
with
Sword
in
Hand
,
so
the
City
and
Citadel
being
without
any
hopes
of
relief
,
Capitulated
at
the
same
time
.
The
Siege
cost
us
abundance
of
Men
,
tho'
it
lasted
not
above
nine
Days
after
the
opening
of
the
Trenches
,
by
reason
that
the
French
were
not
only
to
overcome
the
obstinacy
of
the
Besieged
,
who
defended
themselves
very
valiantly
,
but
also
the
rigour
of
the
cold
Season
,
and
the
inconveniencies
of
continual
Rains
.
The
King's
Arms
being
thus
every
where
crown'd
with
Success
,
it
seem'd
that
nothing
was
able
to
resist
his
Power
;
those
Princes
that
were
enter'd
into
a
League
against
him
,
having
,
for
four
Years
together
rais'd
no
other
advantage
by
the
Confederacy
,
than
to
add
new
Lustre
to
his
Glory
and
Power
:
He
had
at
that
time
two
great
Fleets
at
Sea
,
and
five
Armies
on
Land
,
which
,
together
with
his
Garrisons
,
consisted
of
sixty
thousand
Horse
,
and
two
hundred
and
forty
thousand
Foot
,
all
well
disciplin'd
Troops
,
and
inur'd
to
the
Fatigues
of
War
.
His
Frontiers
were
enclos'd
on
all
sides
with
strong
Forts
,
and
well
Fortifi'd
Cities
;
his
Treasury
in
a
good
condition
,
and
the
whole
Kingdom
in
a
profound
Tranquility
.
He
himself
both
delighted
in
and
understood
the
Art
of
War
.
His
Affairs
being
in
so
flourishing
a
condition
,
what
could
hinder
him
from
making
new
Conquests
,
if
his
desire
of
Glory
had
not
been
Counterbalanc'd
by
his
Inclination
for
Peace
,
and
seeing
that
his
Enemies
were
reduc'd
to
a
state
of
moderation
,
and
his
Frontiers
secured
on
all
sides
,
he
resolved
to
restore
tranquillity
to
Europe
.
After
Charles
II.
King
of
England
was
enter'd
into
the
Alliance
with
the
Dutch
,
King
Ch.
II.
Mediator
at
the
Treaty
of
Nimeguen
.
his
chief
aim
was
,
to
make
himself
a
happy
instrument
in
procuring
a
general
Peace
,
in
which
he
succeeded
so
well
,
that
his
Mediation
was
accepted
.
For
hitherto
matters
had
advanced
but
slowly
at
the
Treaty
of
Nimeguen
,
where
two
Years
were
spent
in
setling
some
Preliminaries
of
little
moment
,
in
respect
of
the
great
Work
they
were
to
transact
;
to
wit
,
in
Disputes
about
the
place
of
Treaty
,
in
fixing
the
bounds
of
the
Neutrality
,
in
exchanging
their
Credentials
,
and
examining
their
Commissions
,
and
such
other
Preliminaries
as
are
commonly
made
use
of
to
protract
these
Conferences
,
whilst
in
the
mean
while
the
longest
Sword
decides
the
principal
differences
in
the
Field
.
It
is
sufficiently
known
,
that
scarce
a
Year
had
passed
since
the
Declaration
of
the
War
,
wherein
Spain
had
not
been
a
considerable
loser
,
nevertheless
,
they
were
the
first
who
protested
with
all
the
solemn
expressions
in
the
World
,
that
they
would
never
consent
to
the
Peace
,
unless
our
King
did
restore
all
what
he
had
taken
from
them
:
and
the
Emperor's
Pretensions
were
as
exorbitant
as
those
of
the
Spaniards
.
For
which
purpose
the
King
made
his
chief
application
to
the
Hollanders
,
being
sensible
that
if
he
could
draw
them
from
the
Interest
of
the
Confederacy
,
and
perswade
them
to
accept
of
a
separate
Peace
,
the
other
Princes
would
soon
follow
their
Example
.
The
King
was
sufficiently
convinc'd
that
the
Jealousy
fomented
by
a
certain
Faction
in
Holland
against
the
Prince
,
and
their
fear
,
lest
,
if
the
War
should
continue
much
longer
,
they
might
be
involved
in
some
troubles
by
the
Prince's
departure
for
England
;
the
decay
of
their
Trade
,
and
the
immense
charges
they
were
at
by
bearing
the
burthen
of
the
War
in
maintaining
not
only
their
own
Troops
,
but
also
most
of
the
Confederate
Forces
,
made
them
very
desirous
after
a
Peace
;
but
the
more
it
was
their
Interest
to
promote
it
,
the
more
difficulties
were
to
be
surmounted
before
it
could
be
brought
to
a
happy
conclusion
.
For
,
tho'
the
Emperor
and
Spain
had
acted
but
with
indifferent
success
in
this
War
,
yet
on
the
other
Hand
the
King
of
Denmark
and
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
had
had
considerable
advantages
over
Sueden
,
which
had
declared
for
us
against
the
Confederacy
in
the
Year
1675.
In
three
Years
time
that
the
War
lasted
betwixt
the
Northern
Princes
,
the
Suedes
had
gain'd
three
Battles
by
Land
,
but
they
had
been
worsted
in
three
several
Sea-Engagements
,
and
had
lost
the
Isle
of
Rugen
,
and
all
Pomerania
.
This
success
against
the
Suedes
seem'd
to
intimate
to
the
Confederates
,
that
the
French
might
also
be
vanquish'd
in
their
turn
:
The
Emperor
and
Spain
shew'd
more
inclination
for
the
continuation
of
the
War
,
than
for
the
Peace
,
tho'
it
be
evident
,
that
their
hopes
were
built
but
upon
a
very
slippery
foundation
,
to
wit
,
upon
the
chance
of
Fortune
,
and
those
continual
vicissitudes
which
are
the
constant
Attendants
of
all
human
Affairs
.
This
was
the
reason
,
that
notwithstanding
all
the
earnest
applications
of
the
States-General
to
obtain
a
General
Peace
,
yet
the
Treaty
advanced
but
slowly
,
and
might
,
perhaps
,
have
been
quite
rendred
ineffectual
,
if
the
King
had
not
taken
a
firm
resolution
to
see
it
brought
to
a
happy
conclusion
,
by
taking
such
measures
as
should
oblige
the
rest
of
the
Confederates
to
accept
of
the
Peace
.
The
King
himself
drew
up
the
Articles
which
he
sent
to
his
Plenipotentiaries
at
Nimeguen
,
to
be
communicated
to
the
Mediators
,
under
this
condition
,
that
in
case
the
Confederates
did
not
think
fit
to
accept
of
them
in
forty
Days
,
the
King
should
be
at
liberty
to
alter
them
,
or
to
propose
some
new
time
.
By
vertue
of
these
Articles
,
he
was
to
remain
in
possession
of
all
his
Conquests
,
unless
Maestricht
,
and
six
Places
in
Flanders
,
to
wit
,
Ghent
,
Courtray
,
Aeth
,
Oudenarde
,
Charleroy
,
Limbourgh
,
and
St.
Gillian
demolished
.
That
the
King
promised
to
restore
Maestricht
to
the
Hollanders
,
and
the
six
above-mentioned
places
to
the
Spaniards
.
That
the
Peace
of
Munster
should
remain
in
its
full
force
.
That
if
the
Emperour
kept
Philipsbourg
,
the
King
should
remain
in
possession
of
Fribourg
.
That
the
Prince
of
Furstemberg
should
be
set
at
Liberty
and
restored
to
his
Honour
,
Dignities
,
and
Estate
.
And
that
lastly
,
the
Northern
Princes
should
restore
to
the
Suedes
what
they
had
taken
from
them
in
this
War
.
Most
of
the
Confederates
exclaim'd
against
these
Articles
,
but
notwithstanding
all
their
Protestations
and
Clamours
,
their
Threats
,
Intreagues
,
and
Cabals
,
they
were
at
last
oblig'd
to
accept
of
the
same
terms
.
The
Hollanders
had
no
sooner
embrac'd
the
King's
offer
,
but
the
Emperour
and
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
loudly
exclaim'd
against
their
Proceedings
,
upbraiding
them
with
breach
of
Faith
,
and
Ingratitude
.
But
who
is
so
unacquained
in
publick
Affairs
,
as
to
look
for
acknowledgment
among
Princes
,
or
to
imagine
they
think
themselves
oblig'd
to
one
another
for
the
assistance
they
give
,
when
it
is
evident
,
that
the
same
proceeds
more
from
a
motive
of
Interest
than
Friendship
?
how
can
a
State
therefore
be
charg'd
with
Ingratitude
,
unless
it
be
call'd
so
when
they
search
too
narrowly
into
the
true
causes
of
a
benefit
they
have
receiv'd
?
But
,
to
be
short
,
these
reproaches
made
but
slender
impressions
upon
the
States
,
who
were
so
far
from
changing
their
opinion
,
that
they
prevail'd
upon
the
Spaniards
to
follow
their
Example
;
but
when
the
Spanish
Ambassadours
were
upon
the
point
of
signing
the
Articles
,
there
arose
an
unforeseen
difficulty
,
which
was
likely
to
have
broken
off
the
whole
Treaty
.
For
in
the
Article
concerning
Spain
,
wherein
the
King
had
promised
to
restore
to
them
six
Places
in
Flanders
,
there
being
no
certain
time
limitted
,
the
States
had
interpreted
it
thus
,
that
the
Evacuation
of
the
said
Places
should
be
made
immediately
after
the
Ratification
of
the
Peace
betwixt
France
and
Spain
.
But
the
King's
Intention
being
not
so
much
that
by
restoring
these
Places
to
Spain
,
they
should
serve
as
a
Barricado
betwixt
him
and
the
Hollanders
,
and
to
remove
the
Jealousie
they
had
conceived
at
the
Neighbourhood
of
so
potent
a
Prince
,
as
to
be
in
lieu
of
an
equivalent
for
those
Places
that
were
to
be
restored
to
Sweden
,
he
refused
to
surrender
these
Cities
into
the
Hands
of
the
Spaniards
,
before
the
Swedes
had
received
full
satisfaction
as
to
their
Demands
.
This
Spark
was
like
to
have
proved
the
occasion
of
rekindling
the
Flames
,
and
renewing
the
War
with
more
Vigour
and
Animosity
than
before
,
the
Emperour
and
Spain
not
being
wanting
to
lay
hold
of
this
Opportunity
to
revive
the
Jealousies
,
and
to
perswade
the
Hollanders
,
that
the
King
had
no
real
Inclination
for
Peace
,
his
only
design
being
by
withdrawing
them
from
the
Confederacy
,
to
surprize
them
hereafter
with
the
more
ease
.
Our
King
had
given
most
evident
Proofs
of
his
sincere
Intentions
for
the
Peace
;
to
promote
which
,
he
had
recall'd
his
Forces
out
of
Sicily
,
under
the
Command
of
Francis
de
Aubusson
la
Feuillade
,
Duke
,
Peer
,
and
Marshal
of
France
;
he
had
at
the
Intercession
of
the
Hollanders
,
The
French
leave
Sicily
.
prolonged
the
Term
which
he
had
fixed
to
the
Allies
for
the
accepting
the
Propositions
of
Peace
;
and
tho
he
had
within
the
last
Month
extended
his
Conquests
both
in
Flanders
and
Catalonia
,
by
the
taking
of
two
considerable
places
,
yet
was
he
so
far
from
taking
any
advantage
of
his
good
Fortune
,
that
on
the
other
hand
he
offered
to
restore
them
without
any
equivalent
.
But
notwithstanding
all
these
Demonstrations
of
his
most
fervent
Inclinations
for
Peace
,
Matters
hung
in
suspense
for
some
time
,
neither
could
the
Treaty
be
brought
to
a
Conclusion
,
till
the
King
of
Sweden
declared
by
his
Ambassadors
,
That
he
not
only
consented
,
but
also
prayed
His
Most
Christian
Majesty
to
restore
the
above
mentioned
Places
to
Spain
,
and
not
to
delay
any
longer
to
give
Peace
to
Europe
,
on
account
of
the
particular
Interest
of
the
Crown
of
Sweden
.
This
grand
Obstacle
being
removed
,
the
Peace
was
signed
betwixt
the
King
and
the
States
the
10th
Day
of
August
in
the
Year
1678.
Within
four
Days
after
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
attack'd
the
Duke
of
Luxemburgh
,
who
,
whilst
they
were
contesting
at
Nimeguen
,
kept
Mons
block'd
up
with
an
Army
of
forty
Thousand
Men.
Peace
of
Nime●uen
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
had
in
view
no
less
than
the
breaking
off
of
the
whole
Treaty
,
or
at
least
to
obtain
some
more
advantageous
Conditions
,
if
he
happened
to
succeed
in
this
Enterprize
.
The
Duke
of
Luxemburgh
could
not
in
the
least
suspect
his
Intention
,
as
having
received
fresh
Assurances
,
that
the
Peace
was
signed
;
Engagement
near
St.
Denis
.
but
by
his
brave
Resolution
he
diverted
the
danger
that
he
had
put
himself
into
by
his
being
too
confident
of
his
own
Security
by
the
Peace
.
The
Action
was
very
bloody
,
which
was
ended
at
Night
without
any
considerable
Advantage
on
either
side
,
unless
that
the
Enemy
retired
in
some
Confusion
,
and
were
pursued
to
their
Camp
.
The
next
Day
there
was
a
Cessation
of
all
Hostilities
,
the
Peace
was
proclaimed
the
same
Day
in
the
Camp
,
and
ratified
within
a
Month
after
.
After
the
Conclusion
of
this
Treaty
with
the
Dutch
,
the
Spaniards
found
themselves
under
an
indispensible
necessity
to
accept
of
those
Conditions
the
Hollanders
had
procured
for
them
.
It
was
in
vain
for
the
rest
of
the
Confederates
to
make
use
of
all
their
Perswasions
and
Intrigues
,
to
prevent
the
Spaniards
from
accepting
of
them
,
who
signed
the
Peace
on
the
seventeenth
of
September
following
.
This
done
,
the
King
without
losing
any
further
time
,
order'd
his
Troops
towards
the
Rhine
,
with
an
Intention
to
attack
the
Emperour
and
Empire
with
the
utmost
vigour
before
the
Winter
;
some
of
the
German
Princes
dreading
the
Storm
that
threatned
them
,
began
to
withdraw
from
the
rest
,
and
to
make
their
Applications
to
the
Spaniards
and
States-General
to
be
comprehended
in
the
Treaty
.
But
Spain
,
pursuant
to
asecret
Agreement
(
as
it
was
supposed
)
betwixt
those
two
Branches
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
made
several
Delays
in
the
Ratification
of
the
Peace
,
so
that
the
time
prefixed
for
the
said
Ratification
,
(
notwithstanding
it
had
been
twice
prolonged
at
the
Request
of
the
Dutch
)
was
very
near
expired
.
In
the
mean
while
the
French
Forces
made
frequent
Excursions
into
the
very
Heart
of
Flanders
,
not
sparing
even
those
places
that
had
hitherto
escaped
from
being
visited
by
them
;
they
exacted
such
vast
Sums
from
all
the
circumjacent
Country
,
and
pillaged
all
such
as
refused
to
pay
them
Contributions
,
that
according
to
the
computation
and
confession
of
the
Enemies
themselves
,
the
flat
Country
suffered
more
from
the
time
of
the
signing
till
the
Ratification
of
the
Treaty
,
than
it
had
done
in
the
heat
of
the
War
.
The
Cries
and
Lamentations
of
the
People
did
at
last
overcome
the
Resolution
of
the
Spanish
Council
,
who
in
spite
of
all
the
opposition
made
by
the
rest
of
the
Allies
,
caused
the
Peace
to
be
ratified
in
December
in
the
Year
1678.
Immediately
after
the
King
order'd
his
Ambassadors
at
Nimeguen
to
declare
to
the
Emperour's
Ministers
,
that
in
case
their
Master
did
not
think
fit
to
accept
of
the
same
Conditions
as
they
had
been
proposed
in
the
Project
of
the
General
Peace
,
within
a
limited
time
,
that
after
that
there
should
be
no
further
talk
of
Peace
.
This
Declaration
and
the
fear
they
were
in
of
the
King's
Forces
that
were
approaching
the
Rhine
,
made
the
Emperour
and
Empire
at
last
resolve
rather
to
chuse
the
Harbour
,
than
to
expose
themselves
in
the
open
Sea
,
to
so
dreadful
a
Tempest
,
as
threatned
their
Destruction
.
Thus
a
Peace
was
concluded
betwixt
the
Emperour
and
our
King
in
the
Month
of
February
in
the
Year
1679.
upon
condition
,
that
the
Peace
of
Munster
should
remain
in
its
full
force
,
and
that
the
Emperour
should
resign
all
his
Right
and
Soveraignty
over
the
City
of
Friburgh
,
and
the
whole
Alsace
to
our
King
.
During
the
Treaty
at
Nimeguen
,
the
King
at
the
Intercession
of
the
Emperour
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Confederates
,
had
left
it
to
the
choice
of
Prince
Charles
of
Lorrain
,
whether
he
would
accept
of
the
Possession
of
the
Dutchy
of
Lorrain
,
without
that
of
Bar
,
pursuant
to
the
Pyrenean
Treaty
;
or
whether
he
would
be
satisfied
,
if
the
King
restored
him
to
the
Possession
of
both
those
Dutchies
,
reserving
only
to
himself
the
City
of
Nancy
,
and
all
the
Grounds
and
Highways
by
which
the
King's
Armies
were
to
march
into
Germany
.
The
Prince
at
first
chose
the
last
of
these
two
,
but
soon
after
repenting
his
Choice
,
refused
to
accept
either
.
But
tho
the
Peace
was
signed
betwixt
the
Emperour
and
the
King
,
the
King
of
Denmark
,
and
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
,
protested
against
it
,
continuing
to
make
vast
Preparations
to
maintain
themselves
in
their
Conquests
taken
from
the
Swedes
in
Germany
.
But
when
the
French
Troops
began
to
approach
the
Frontiers
of
Brandenburgh
,
these
Princes
were
foon
brought
to
a
compliance
,
and
shew'd
as
much
eagerness
for
the
Peace
,
as
they
had
shewn
aversion
against
it
before
.
The
King
of
Sweden
received
full
satisfaction
,
they
being
obliged
to
restore
all
that
had
been
taken
from
that
Crown
,
without
any
other
Equivalent
,
but
a
good
Sum
of
Money
,
which
was
paid
them
by
our
King
.
It
will
,
without
all
question
,
appear
surprizing
,
and
perhaps
past
belief
to
Posterity
,
how
France
should
have
been
strong
enough
to
withstand
so
many
Enemies
at
one
time
;
and
that
after
they
had
been
vanquish'd
,
they
should
have
been
obliged
to
accept
of
a
Peace
upon
the
same
Terms
,
as
they
were
proposed
by
our
King
.
It
is
certain
that
France
never
made
a
Peace
which
proved
more
Glorious
,
or
more
for
its
Interest
than
this
,
or
which
has
been
managed
with
more
dexterity
.
The
chief
Glory
of
it
is
due
only
to
our
King
,
who
not
only
himself
made
the
first
Project
,
but
also
,
according
to
the
different
progress
of
the
Treaty
,
directed
every
step
to
be
taken
by
his
Ambassadours
and
Plenipotentiaries
Godfrey
de
Estrades
Marshal
of
France
,
Charles
Colbert
Marquis
de
Croissy
,
afterwards
Minister
and
Secretary
of
State
,
and
Anthony
de
Mesmes
Count
de
Avaux
.
Thus
Crown'd
both
with
Lawrel
and
Olive-Branches
,
he
was
ever
after
the
Object
of
Admiration
,
not
only
of
his
Subjects
,
but
also
of
all
Europe
.
AN
ESSAY
UPON
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
REIGN
OF
LEWIS
the
GREAT
.
LIB
.
IV.
THE
King
having
restored
Peace
to
Europe
,
employed
all
his
care
in
rendering
it
as
durable
as
possibly
could
be
;
and
having
now
laid
aside
his
further
thoughts
of
extending
the
limits
of
his
Kingdom
,
he
judged
it
most
conducing
to
his
Affairs
,
to
secure
his
Frontiers
on
all
sides
,
by
good
Fortifications
.
For
which
purpose
,
after
he
had
consulted
with
his
best
Engineers
,
he
himself
made
the
Draughts
of
the
most
considerable
Fortifications
,
appointed
the
Charges
and
all
other
particulars
belonging
to
the
perfecting
of
the
Works
,
according
to
the
best
modern
Rules
.
Never
were
any
places
seen
exceeding
either
in
strength
or
beauty
some
of
those
that
were
,
by
the
King's
Orders
built
in
Flanders
,
and
Alsace
,
the
Franche
Compte
,
to
defend
the
Passages
of
the
Lis
,
the
Rhine
,
the
Saar
,
the
Moselle
,
the
Meuse
,
and
several
other
Rivers
that
border
upon
his
Dominions
;
it
has
been
computed
,
that
since
his
accession
to
the
Crown
,
two
hundred
and
twenty
Towns
,
Forts
,
Citadels
,
Ports
and
Harbours
have
been
fortified
by
his
Orders
.
As
he
was
not
insensible
that
the
best
safeguard
of
a
Prince
is
to
maintain
his
Respect
among
his
Enemies
,
so
not
contented
with
having
fortified
his
Frontiers
,
unless
they
were
also
guarded
by
a
good
number
of
Troops
,
he
did
only
disband
some
of
his
Forces
,
retaining
the
best
in
his
Service
,
to
render
himself
at
all
times
invincible
,
tho
his
thoughts
were
now
more
bent
to
preserve
Tranquility
in
his
Dominions
,
than
to
conquer
his
Enemies
.
He
kept
all
the
Officers
of
the
Disbanded
Regiments
in
Pay
,
and
that
he
might
never
want
a
constant
supply
of
good
Officers
,
The
Academies
for
the
Cadies
.
even
in
time
of
Peace
,
he
erected
many
Companies
of
young
Gentlemen
;
these
were
brought
up
in
all
Warlike-Exercises
,
and
entertain'd
at
the
King's
Charge
in
the
Citadels
,
and
when
a
Captain
or
Lieutenant's
place
became
vacant
,
it
was
these
that
supplied
those
Posts
proportionable
to
their
Deserts
.
The
better
to
encourage
his
Troops
to
glorious
Actions
by
the
assurance
of
a
safe
Retreat
in
their
Native
Country
,
The
Invalids
.
he
caused
that
Hospital
called
the
Invalids
,
to
be
built
in
one
of
the
Suburbs
of
Paris
,
a
truly
magnificent
Structure
,
where
those
that
are
render'd
unserviceable
either
by
Age
,
or
their
Wounds
,
find
an
honourable
Retreat
and
Reward
for
their
past
Labours
and
Toils
.
To
afford
also
fome
relief
to
such
Gentlemen
as
often
ruine
their
Estates
in
the
Service
of
their
Country
,
The
House
of
St.
Lewis
at
St.
Cyr.
he
founded
a
Community
for
three
Hundred
young
Gentlewomen
at
St.
Cyr.
These
young
Ladies
are
educated
in
this
House
with
particular
care
from
the
Age
of
Seven
till
Twenty
,
when
they
are
either
provided
with
some
advantageous
Match
,
or
else
,
if
their
inclination
be
otherwise
,
are
sent
into
a
Nunnery
.
This
Noble
Community
is
without
parallel
in
Europe
.
For
the
rest
the
King
order'd
his
Troops
to
encamp
every
Year
,
when
he
used
frequently
to
take
a
view
of
them
in
Person
,
and
in
his
Progress
to
visit
some
of
his
Frontier
Places
,
to
keep
the
Governours
and
Overseers
of
his
Works
and
Places
in
awe
,
and
to
encourage
them
by
his
Presence
to
perform
their
Duty
.
As
he
was
in
the
Year
1683.
returning
from
one
of
these
Progresses
,
Death
of
the
Queen
of
France
.
where
he
had
been
accompanied
by
the
whole
Court
the
Queen
Maria
Theresia
of
Austria
,
fell
dangerously
ill
of
a
Fever
,
which
put
an
end
to
her
Life
on
the
30th
of
July
,
after
four
Days
Sickness
.
She
was
a
Princess
endowed
with
extraordinary
Qualities
,
very
Devout
,
Charitable
to
the
Poor
,
Liberal
to
her
Domesticks
,
and
Affable
to
all
the
World
.
She
had
the
Happiness
,
before
her
Death
,
to
see
the
Dauphin
(
who
was
Born
at
Fontainbleau
in
the
Year
1661.
the
first
of
November
seven
Minutes
after
Twelve
a
Clock
at
Noon
)
Married
to
a
vertuous
Princess
,
and
a
Father
of
a
very
fine
young
Prince
.
Of
six
Children
which
she
had
brought
into
the
World
,
The
Dauphin
of
France
.
Lewis
the
Dauphin
of
France
,
was
the
only
surviving
,
a
very
Handsome
,
and
Wise
Prince
,
of
great
Moderation
and
Vigorous
Constitution
,
as
active
and
dextrous
in
his
Military
Exercises
as
courageous
in
encountring
of
Danger
.
Never
any
Prince
had
the
advantage
of
a
more
Noble
Education
,
in
respect
of
the
Ability
of
those
to
whose
Care
and
Tuition
he
was
committed
;
the
King
having
made
choice
of
Charles
de
St.
Maurice
Duke
of
Montausier
,
and
Peer
of
France
for
his
Governour
,
and
of
James
Bossuet
Bishop
of
Meaux
,
so
famous
for
his
many
Works
,
for
his
Preceptor
;
but
not
satisfied
with
this
,
he
never
was
sparing
in
his
Paternal
Care
,
to
give
him
in
Person
all
the
necessary
Instructions
for
the
Accomplishment
of
a
great
Prince
.
A
King
,
who
really
loves
his
Subjects
,
does
in
vain
strive
to
raise
the
Glory
of
his
Country
by
his
great
Actions
,
unless
he
also
be
careful
to
instruct
his
Successour
to
follow
his
Footsteps
,
and
to
preserve
by
his
own
Courage
and
Conduct
the
Reputation
which
he
has
acquired
.
It
is
easie
to
be
imagined
that
there
was
never
a
Court
in
Europe
,
but
what
most
earnestly
desired
to
be
joyn'd
to
us
in
Alliance
by
so
advantageous
a
Match
,
especially
since
that
Engagement
which
was
some
Years
before
negotiated
with
the
Elector
and
Electoress
of
Bavaria
,
on
the
account
of
Marriage
betwixt
the
Dauphin
and
the
Princess
of
Bavaria
,
seem'd
to
be
broken
by
the
Death
of
the
Parents
of
the
said
Princess
;
but
notwithstanding
this
Change
,
and
that
the
said
Match
was
not
attended
with
the
same
Advantages
as
before
,
Dauphin
Married
.
the
King
jealous
of
his
Honour
and
Royal
Word
,
Married
the
Dauphin
to
their
Eldest
Daughter
,
on
the
7th
of
March
in
the
Year
1680.
Notwithstanding
all
the
Obstacles
and
Difficulties
raised
by
the
Imperial
and
Spanish
Ministers
about
the
execution
of
the
Treaty
of
Nimiguen
,
Europe
enjoyed
the
Fruits
of
a
Happy
Peace
for
three
Years
:
In
the
mean
while
the
King
looking
upon
it
as
a
most
Glorious
Work
to
turn
his
Arms
against
the
Enemies
of
the
Christian
Name
,
he
resolved
to
employ
his
Forces
against
the
Corsairs
of
Africa
,
a
Nation
whose
chief
Glory
,
Commerce
and
Employment
,
consists
in
pillaging
and
plundering
;
several
of
their
Ships
were
sunk
,
the
Sieur
Du
Quesne
burnt
eight
more
in
the
Port
of
Chio
,
in
the
Year
1681
,
and
the
Marshal
de
Estree
,
Vice-Admiral
of
France
,
Tripoli
Bombarded
in
1685.
Bombarded
Tripoli
four
Years
after
,
till
at
last
at
the
Intercession
of
the
Grand
Seignior
,
the
King
was
pleased
to
grant
them
a
Peace
a
second
time
.
The
Algerines
the
most
famous
of
all
the
Pyrates
on
the
Coast
of
Barbary
,
for
having
in
the
last
Age
out-braved
the
power
of
that
great
Monarch
Charles
V.
were
so
presumptuous
as
to
declare
War
against
France
.
To
chastise
their
Insolence
,
the
City
of
Algier
was
Bombarded
three
several
times
;
In
the
Year
1682
,
1683
,
1684.
after
the
second
Bombardment
,
they
were
forced
to
release
six
hundred
French
Slaves
without
Ransom
;
and
in
the
third
they
received
so
much
damage
,
that
notwithstanding
the
Offers
of
the
Genoueses
and
Spaniards
to
assist
them
against
us
,
they
sent
their
Deputies
into
France
to
sue
for
Peace
.
The
Genoueses
had
also
given
great
occasion
of
Displeasure
to
our
King
.
They
were
accused
of
having
fomented
and
encouraged
a
Conspiracy
which
was
laid
to
burn
the
King's
Ships
and
Gallies
in
the
Ports
of
Marseilles
and
Thoulon
;
they
had
lately
embraced
the
Interest
and
Protection
of
Spain
,
and
had
built
four
new
Gallies
in
order
to
joyn
them
with
the
Spanish
Squadron
.
To
make
them
sensible
of
their
errour
,
the
King
ordered
the
City
of
Genoua
to
be
Bombarded
.
Thirteen
Thousand
Bombs
were
thrown
into
the
City
with
good
Success
,
and
the
proud
City
of
Genoua
would
certainly
have
been
laid
quite
in
Ashes
by
a
second
Bombardment
,
Genoua
Bombarded
if
by
the
Intercession
of
the
Pope
,
and
their
timely
repentance
,
they
had
not
prevented
their
own
ruine
.
The
King
of
Spain
had
at
that
time
among
other
Titles
,
taken
upon
him
that
of
the
Protector
of
the
Republick
of
Genoua
,
but
could
not
prevail
with
our
King
that
the
said
Commonwealth
should
be
comprehended
in
the
Truce
,
which
was
about
the
same
time
concluded
betwixt
these
two
Crowns
;
but
to
extirpate
their
former
Miscarriages
,
they
were
forced
to
send
in
the
Year
1685.
in
May
,
their
Doge
with
four
Senators
,
to
make
their
Submission
to
the
King
in
the
Name
of
the
whole
Republick
,
to
implore
his
Mercy
,
and
to
receive
such
Conditions
as
he
was
pleased
to
grant
them
.
But
we
have
detain'd
our selves
too
long
in
relating
these
Trifles
,
there
are
so
many
things
of
greater
consequence
to
be
taken
notice
of
in
the
glorious
Reign
of
so
great
a
King
,
that
these
frivolous
Matters
ought
only
to
be
touch'd
upon
en
passant
,
that
we
may
have
the
more
leisure
to
pursue
the
Thread
of
our
History
in
relation
to
other
Affairs
of
moment
.
By
Vertue
of
the
Treaty
of
Nimeguen
,
the
whole
Upper
and
Lower
Alsace
being
granted
to
the
King
with
an
absolute
Soveraignty
over
it
,
and
all
its
Dependencies
,
the
King
sent
the
next
following
Year
his
Summons
to
all
the
Princes
,
Cities
,
and
other
Vassals
depending
on
the
said
Province
,
to
give
their
appearance
to
do
Homage
and
Swear
Fealty
to
him
.
Some
obeyed
,
but
the
most
refused
to
appear
.
Upon
their
Refusal
,
the
King
erected
a
certain
Chamber
of
Re-union
at
Brisack
,
who
adjudged
their
Lands
and
Fiefs
forfeited
to
the
King
,
according
to
the
Laws
of
Fiefs
,
which
enjoyn
the
forfeiture
of
the
Estate
of
a
Vassal
,
who
either
neglects
or
refuses
to
pay
the
Homage
due
to
his
Lord
.
At
the
same
time
the
Chamber
of
Re-union
establish'd
by
the
King's
Order
at
Brisac
,
Chambers
of
Re-union
at
Brisac
and
Metz.
took
the
same
Method
in
respect
of
those
Fiefs
,
which
had
formerly
belonged
to
,
and
were
since
dismembred
from
the
three
Bishopricks
of
Metz
,
Toul
,
and
Verdun
.
As
these
Re-unions
extended
over
a
vast
Tract
of
Ground
,
so
the
Neighbouring
Princes
taking
the
alarm
,
made
their
complaints
to
the
Dyet
at
Ratisbonne
,
solliciting
for
aid
to
stop
the
further
progress
of
these
Proceedings
.
They
were
not
wanting
on
their
side
,
to
represent
to
the
Dyet
the
pressing
necessity
of
applying
a
speedy
remedy
,
but
they
were
very
slow
in
their
Debates
,
and
much
slower
in
their
Resolutions
.
These
Re-unions
being
look'd
upon
by
some
of
the
Princes
of
the
Empire
as
an
infraction
of
the
Peace
,
whilst
they
pretended
to
evince
them
to
be
no
more
than
the
natural
consequences
of
the
Treaty
of
Nimeguen
,
the
first
were
for
taking
up
Arms
for
the
Defence
of
the
Empire
,
the
others
representing
the
danger
of
coming
to
these
extremities
in
so
critical
a
juncture
.
Whilst
they
thus
spent
their
time
in
contests
,
Strasburgh
Surrenders
.
without
coming
to
any
final
resolution
,
the
City
of
Strasbourg
,
the
Capital
of
the
Lower
Alsace
,
and
one
of
the
most
considerable
in
all
Germany
,
submitted
to
the
King
in
September
,
in
the
Year
1681
,
before
the
King's
Forces
,
that
were
on
their
March
from
all
the
circumjacent
Ports
,
in
order
to
Besiege
it
,
came
in
sight
of
the
Place
.
They
enter'd
the
City
on
the
same
Day
that
some
of
the
King's
Troops
took
possession
of
the
Citadel
of
Casal
in
Italy
,
Casal
Surrender'd
.
which
the
King
had
bought
from
the
Duke
of
Mantua
.
As
the
King
set
out
on
his
Journey
to
Strasburgh
,
(
before
he
had
receiv'd
the
News
of
its
Surrender
)
he
pretended
to
take
a
Progress
to
one
of
his
Country
Houses
,
but
turning
short
,
took
the
Road
towards
Germany
.
Before
he
came
to
the
Frontiers
he
was
advertis'd
that
his
Troops
were
already
receiv'd
within
the
City
,
but
this
did
not
hinder
him
from
pursuing
his
Journey
thither
,
where
he
receiv'd
the
Oath
of
Fidelity
from
his
new
Subjects
.
The
taking
of
this
City
,
which
was
of
vast
consequence
,
serv'd
only
to
augment
the
divisions
among
the
Members
of
the
Empire
at
the
Dyet
of
Ratisbonne
,
the
more
,
because
the
King
propos'd
to
adjust
all
those
Differences
,
if
they
pleas'd
,
in
an
irreconcilable
way
.
The
Ministers
of
the
House
of
Austria
at
first
rejected
these
Propositions
,
but
dreading
an
Invasion
from
the
Turks
,
they
gave
their
consent
,
so
that
Plenipotentiaries
were
appointed
on
both
sides
,
to
meet
at
Frankfort
upon
the
Main
,
for
setling
the
limits
betwixt
the
Empire
and
France
.
But
a
whole
twelve
Months
being
spent
,
before
the
Conferences
were
open'd
,
by
reason
of
some
contests
about
Titles
and
Precedency
,
betwixt
the
Deputies
of
the
Emperor
,
and
those
of
the
Empire
,
the
King
thought
fit
to
recall
his
Plenipotentiaries
,
and
to
remove
all
occasions
of
further
delay
,
declared
by
his
Minister
Lewis
Verjus
Count
of
Creci
,
then
residing
at
the
Dyet
of
Ratisbonne
,
that
he
was
willing
to
renounce
for
ever
to
all
the
other
Dependencies
of
Alsace
,
and
the
three
above-mention'd
Bishopricks
,
notwithstanding
that
his
Pretensions
comprehended
a
vast
tract
of
Ground
,
provided
the
Emperor
,
and
the
Empire
,
would
,
within
a
limitted
time
,
oblige
themselves
to
resign
to
him
the
City
of
Strasbourg
with
all
its
Territories
,
and
those
Lands
which
he
was
possessed
off
by
vertue
of
the
Re-union
before
the
meeting
of
the
Assembly
at
Frankfort
.
These
Propositions
were
advantageous
enough
,
forasmuch
as
thereby
the
limits
of
the
Empire
and
France
might
be
settl'd
upon
a
sure
Foot
,
and
a
firm
Peace
establish'd
betwixt
these
two
Potent
Neighbours
.
The
Electoral
College
were
of
opinion
to
accept
of
the
Conditions
,
but
most
of
the
Princes
being
of
a
contrary
sentiment
,
two
years
past
without
coming
to
a
final
Resolution
,
the
King
having
from
time
to
time
prolong'd
the
prefix'd
time
,
out
of
a
pure
motive
to
generosity
,
finding
in
most
of
the
Members
of
the
Dyet
,
a
favourable
Disposition
for
a
Peace
,
at
a
time
when
they
dreaded
an
Invasion
from
the
Turks
.
It
was
not
long
before
,
the
Ottoman
Army
,
like
an
impetuous
Torrent
,
over-run
all
Hungary
,
and
carrying
all
before
them
,
marched
up
to
the
Gates
of
Vienna
,
which
was
Besieged
by
above
an
hundred
thousand
Turks
.
Siege
of
Vienna
in
1683.
The
Siege
continued
two
Months
,
and
the
place
was
reduc'd
to
the
last
extremity
,
when
upon
the
approach
of
the
Imperial
Army
,
and
the
Auxiliaries
of
the
Empire
,
in
conjunction
with
the
Poles
,
commanded
by
John
Sobieski
their
King
,
who
with
great
Bravery
attacked
the
Enemy
in
their
Lines
:
The
Visier
was
forc'd
to
raise
the
Siege
.
The
Ministers
of
the
House
of
Austria
puff'd
up
with
their
late
good
success
,
press'd
the
Dyet
more
than
ever
,
not
to
conclude
either
a
Peace
or
Truce
with
France
.
But
as
such
vast
Empires
have
many
ways
to
recover
their
losses
,
the
Turks
,
notwithstanding
their
late
defeat
,
appear'd
again
so
formidable
,
that
the
Emperor
and
Empire
,
the
better
to
enable
themselves
to
resist
them
,
or
to
extend
their
Conquests
,
accepted
of
the
King's
offers
,
and
about
ten
Months
after
,
concluded
and
Sign'd
a
Truce
betwixt
the
Empire
and
France
for
twenty
Years
.
Spain
also
agreed
to
a
Truce
upon
the
same
conditions
,
Truee
for
twenty
Years
.
to
put
an
end
to
the
differences
for
that
time
,
arisen
betwixt
the
King
and
them
about
the
limits
in
Flanders
.
After
the
Ratification
of
the
Treaty
of
Nimeguen
,
the
King
made
reiterated
instances
to
the
Spaniards
,
to
send
certain
Commissioners
to
adjust
matters
concerning
the
Dependencies
of
such
Provinces
and
Cities
as
were
granted
to
him
by
vertue
of
the
late
Peace
.
But
the
opening
of
these
Conferences
was
delay'd
for
some
time
,
till
the
King
of
Spain
had
sent
his
full
Power
and
Instructions
,
which
,
when
they
were
produc'd
,
it
was
found
,
that
amongst
his
Titles
,
that
of
Count
and
Duke
of
Burgundy
was
left
out
.
The
next
Year
the
Commissioners
appointed
by
both
Kings
met
again
at
Courtray
,
but
the
Ministers
of
Spain
intended
nothing
less
than
to
terminate
these
differences
,
but
in
lieu
of
it
,
left
no
Stone
unturn'd
to
create
new
Jealousies
(
as
much
as
in
them
lay
)
betwixt
our
King
and
the
Hollanders
.
The
City
of
Alost
furnish'd
them
with
a
fair
opportunity
to
accomplish
their
design
;
which
place
being
accounted
to
be
among
the
dependencies
belonging
to
France
,
the
States-General
began
to
be
extreamly
allarm'd
at
this
Pretension
.
They
alledg'd
,
they
had
in
vain
bestow'd
so
much
labour
and
cost
to
fix
a
certain
Barrier
betwixt
the
King
and
them
,
if
this
place
so
near
to
their
Frontiers
,
whose
Territories
reach'd
to
the
Gates
of
Antwerp
,
should
be
put
into
his
possession
.
The
King
,
to
calm
their
minds
,
and
deliver
them
from
what
they
dreaded
so
much
,
offer'd
to
be
contented
with
an
equivalent
;
and
the
Council
of
Spain
endeavouring
to
gain
time
by
various
Intrigues
,
he
order'd
the
Bloccade
of
Luxemburgh
;
but
having
receiv'd
intelligence
of
the
great
Preparations
made
by
the
Turks
to
invade
Hungary
,
he
sent
his
Orders
to
him
who
commanded
in
Chief
,
to
raise
the
said
Blocade
.
Spain
was
so
far
from
being
satisfied
with
this
retreat
,
Courtray
and
Dixmuyden
taken
.
that
in
a
little
while
after
they
began
to
commit
open
Hostilties
.
Whereupon
the
French
besieg'd
Courtray
in
November
in
the
Year
1683
;
both
the
City
and
Citadel
Surrender'd
in
five
Days
;
Dixmuyden
without
striking
one
stroke
.
The
Spaniards
,
tho'
without
Money
or
Troops
,
or
any
other
hopes
of
relief
,
but
what
they
expected
from
their
Allies
,
whom
they
suppos'd
would
not
leave
them
destitute
upon
so
necessitous
an
occasion
,
declar'd
,
in
a
Month
after
,
War
against
France
.
But
it
was
not
long
before
they
paid
dear
for
their
folly
,
the
King's
Troops
having
over-run
,
during
the
whole
Winter
,
all
Flanders
,
to
the
very
Gates
of
Brussels
,
pillaging
and
exacting
Contributions
from
the
flat
Country
;
and
towards
the
end
of
April
in
the
Year
1684
,
a
strong
Body
was
sent
to
form
the
Siege
of
Luxemburgh
.
This
Place
is
very
strong
both
by
Nature
and
Art
,
it
being
situate
upon
a
Rock
,
Luxemburgh
taken
1684.
surrounded
on
all
sides
by
a
River
.
The
King
order'd
a
good
Army
to
advance
betwixt
Conde
and
Valenciennes
to
cover
the
Siege
.
The
Emperor
was
not
wanting
in
his
sollicitations
to
the
Dyet
;
and
the
Governor
of
the
Spanish
Netherlands
,
as
well
as
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
made
use
of
all
their
Interest
,
to
engage
the
Hollanders
to
endeavour
the
relief
of
a
Place
which
was
of
such
consequence
.
But
all
in
vain
,
for
no
succours
appearing
,
the
Place
was
forc'd
to
Surrender
,
after
a
brave
defence
of
seven
and
twenty
Days
after
opening
the
Trenches
.
This
done
,
the
King
offer'd
to
restore
Dixmuyden
and
Courtray
,
and
to
renounce
all
his
pretensions
,
provided
the
Spaniards
would
put
him
in
quiet
possession
of
Beaumont
,
Bovines
,
and
Chimay
,
three
small
places
without
any
strength
,
betwixt
the
Sambre
and
the
Meuse
,
and
would
resign
all
their
pretensions
to
Luxemburgh
,
which
was
to
be
the
King
's
for
ever
,
with
the
fifteen
Villages
belonging
to
it
.
The
Spaniards
refus'd
at
first
to
hearken
to
these
Propositions
;
but
the
Dutch
,
who
made
serious
Reflections
upon
the
present
condition
of
the
Empire
;
the
heavy
War
wherein
the
Emperor
was
engag'd
with
the
Turks
,
and
the
little
hopes
there
was
of
receiving
aid
from
England
,
partly
by
reason
of
the
misunderstanding
that
was
at
that
time
betwixt
King
Charles
II.
and
his
Parliament
,
partly
because
they
were
too
well
acquainted
with
the
Inclinations
of
that
King
,
who
prefer'd
Peace
and
his
Pleasures
before
a
War
,
oblig'd
them
to
accept
of
these
conditions
.
Thus
in
the
Year
1684
a
general
Truce
was
concluded
for
twenty
Years
;
the
Emperor
,
Spain
,
and
the
Empire
having
Sign'd
the
Treaty
within
four
days
one
after
another
.
But
in
the
mean
while
that
our
King
was
applying
his
thoughts
to
re-establish
Peace
in
Christendom
with
good
success
,
Differences
with
the
Pope
.
the
differences
arisen
betwixt
our
Court
,
and
that
of
Rome
encreased
more
and
more
every
Day
;
the
Pope
being
so
far
from
hearkning
to
those
gentle
means
that
were
propos'd
for
an
accommodation
,
that
on
the
contrary
his
whole
behaviour
sufficiently
testify'd
to
the
World
,
that
he
was
resolv'd
to
carry
things
to
the
utmost
extremity
.
The
occasion
of
the
Quarrel
was
given
by
the
Regale
,
which
is
a
certain
prerogative
belonging
to
the
Sovereign
,
by
vertue
of
which
they
enjoy
the
benefit
of
the
Revenues
of
the
Bishopricks
,
and
the
right
of
bestowing
all
Dignities
and
Prebends
,
during
the
vacancies
of
the
Episcopal
Sees
.
But
it
is
to
be
observ'd
that
the
Provinces
of
Guienne
,
Dauphine
,
and
Languedoc
,
pretended
to
be
exempted
from
this
rule
,
whether
it
were
that
the
Law
of
Fiefs
(
which
is
suppos'd
to
be
the
Off-spring
of
the
Regale
,
and
by
vertue
of
which
the
Lord
enjoys
the
Revenues
of
the
Fief
,
after
the
Death
of
a
Vassal
,
till
the
time
of
the
Investiture
of
his
legal
Heir
)
was
never
introduc'd
in
those
Provinces
,
among
a
People
that
were
very
tenacious
of
their
natural
Liberty
,
or
whether
they
enjoy'd
this
Prerogative
by
vertue
of
some
particular
privileges
granted
them
by
their
Princes
,
before
they
were
incorporated
with
the
Crown
of
France
,
I
will
not
pretend
to
determine
.
In
the
Year
1608
,
the
Parliament
of
Paris
,
(
which
alone
takes
cognizance
and
decides
matters
concerning
the
Regale
)
on
occasion
of
a
contest
about
a
Deanery
,
vacant
in
the
Church
of
Bellay
,
declar'd
by
their
Sentence
on
the
24th
of
April
,
that
the
King's
prerogative
or
the
Regale
,
ought
to
take
place
in
all
and
every
place
belonging
to
the
Kingdom
,
enjoyning
the
Lawyers
not
to
argue
any
thing
to
the
contrary
.
The
Clergy
being
much
alarm'd
at
this
Novelty
,
made
their
application
to
King
Henry
IV.
who
order'd
that
this
Sentence
should
not
be
put
in
execution
,
till
the
whole
matter
had
been
further
debated
and
adjudged
by
King
and
Council
.
Accordingly
these
Provinces
,
by
their
Deputies
appear'd
before
the
Council
,
and
produc'd
their
Titles
,
by
vertue
of
which
they
laid
claim
to
these
Privileges
;
they
were
taken
into
consideration
,
but
it
hung
in
suspense
till
the
Year
1673
,
when
after
many
Proceedings
,
which
lasted
near
threescore
Years
,
the
Council
confirm'd
,
in
February
,
the
Sentence
of
the
Parliament
of
Paris
;
to
wit
,
that
the
Regale
ought
to
take
place
in
all
the
Provinces
and
Territories
under
the
King's
Jurisdiction
.
The
pointed
contest
being
chiefly
concerning
the
Province
of
Languedock
,
all
the
Prelates
of
the
said
Province
submitted
to
thi●
Decree
,
except
the
two
Bishops
of
Alets
and
Pamiers
,
who
made
their
appeal
to
the
Pope
.
He
was
a
Native
of
Cosmo
in
the
Milaneze
,
his
Name
being
Benedict
Odescalchi
,
and
afterwards
assum'd
that
of
Innocent
XI
.
a
Man
of
very
Virtuous
Inclinations
,
but
sullen
in
his
Temper
;
zealous
to
an
excess
,
and
too
much
addicted
to
his
own
Sentiments
,
which
is
the
frailty
of
Men
,
that
even
the
most
Virtuous
are
too
apt
to
indulge
their
own
Humour
;
these
Prelats
having
by
their
Letters
,
and
Agents
in
their
Audiences
,
represented
the
Regale
to
the
Pope
,
as
a
point
of
Heresie
sufficient
to
destroy
the
true
ancient
purity
of
Religion
,
he
sent
two
Briefs
to
the
King
;
and
in
a
third
,
threatned
the
King
no
less
than
with
the
Fulmen
Papale
,
or
Thunderbolt
of
the
Church
,
adding
these
following
Words
;
That
he
would
be
made
sensible
in
time
,
that
he
did
not
oppose
him
alone
,
but
Jesus
Christ
himself
,
against
whom
all
human
Force
and
Prudenc
could
not
avail
.
Most
People
of
sense
and
unbyass'd
judgment
,
who
made
it
their
business
to
dive
into
the
Mystery
of
this
matter
,
could
not
but
be
amaz'd
,
to
see
the
Pope
oppose
with
so
much
violence
so
potent
a
King
,
and
who
had
so
lately
given
such
eminent
proofs
of
his
Zeal
for
the
Catholick
Religion
,
barely
on
the
account
of
the
imaginary
notion
of
the
two
Prelates
.
It
was
alledg'd
by
these
wise
Polititians
,
that
the
subjection
of
the
Province
of
Languedoc
under
the
Prerogative
of
the
Regale
,
could
not
be
imagin'd
to
be
the
true
cause
of
the
pretended
affliction
of
the
Church
,
no
more
than
the
same
could
be
imputed
to
other
Provinces
,
that
at
all
times
had
submitted
to
the
same
Prerogative
.
A
difference
of
this
nature
might
have
proved
of
very
ill
consequence
under
another
Reign
,
there
being
too
many
examples
,
when
such
a
spark
has
broke
out
into
a
flame
,
which
all
the
art
of
Men
has
not
been
able
to
quench
.
It
being
unquestionable
,
that
those
contests
which
arise
with
the
Church
are
to
be
manag'd
with
a
great
deal
of
caution
,
and
that
it
is
sometimes
more
conducible
,
to
suffer
with
Patience
,
than
to
go
about
to
set
up
a
Reformation
,
which
generally
proves
unsuccessful
,
unless
with
the
hazard
of
occasioning
a
Schism
in
the
Church
.
There
were
not
a
few
,
who
making
serious
Reflections
upon
these
differences
,
were
of
opinion
,
that
the
Court
of
Rome
was
not
ill
pleas'd
to
have
met
with
this
opportunity
of
the
Regale
,
and
some
other
matters
of
the
like
nature
to
serve
them
as
pretences
to
come
to
a
rupture
with
us
;
it
has
been
,
said
they
,
the
general
Maxim
of
all
the
Popes
for
many
Years
last
past
,
to
keep
up
,
as
much
as
in
them
lay
,
the
balance
betwixt
the
most
Potent
Princes
in
Europe
,
for
fear
,
least
one
of
them
should
be
put
in
a
condition
to
prescribe
Laws
to
the
rest
,
Italy
,
and
the
Popedom
it self
might
be
in
danger
of
being
swallow'd
up
by
the
most
Potent
.
That
it
was
upon
this
score
the
Pope
had
laid
hold
of
this
specious
pretence
,
to
joyn
with
the
Confederates
against
France
;
the
King's
Reputation
,
Prosperity
,
and
Power
being
rais'd
to
that
pitch
,
as
to
give
more
occasion
of
Jealousie
and
fear
to
the
other
Princes
at
this
time
,
than
the
over-grown
greatness
of
Charles
V.
did
in
the
last
Age.
The
firm
resolution
the
Pope
shew'd
in
adhering
to
his
first
sentiments
,
without
giving
the
least
ear
to
the
remonstrances
made
on
our
side
,
seem'd
to
intimate
to
the
World
,
that
these
conjectures
were
not
ill
grounded
.
The
King
,
both
for
his
own
satisfaction
,
and
to
endeavour
by
all
means
possible
to
perswade
the
Pope
to
a
compliance
,
sent
the
Cardinal
Cesar
d'Estree
,
in
the
quality
of
his
Ambassador
to
Rome
,
a
Man
of
a
vast
understanding
,
a
great
Divine
,
and
a
greater
Politician
,
who
besides
that
,
had
attain'd
to
a
degree
of
Learning
much
above
the
common
ranck
;
but
neither
the
Conduct
of
this
great
Minister
,
nor
the
submission
of
the
King
,
were
prevailing
enough
with
the
Pope
to
make
him
alter
his
Sentiments
.
The
Bishops
of
France
taking
into
their
serious
consideration
,
Assembly
of
the
French
Clergy
1682.
this
unfortunate
conjuncture
,
made
their
application
to
the
King
,
desiring
leave
to
call
an
Assembly
of
the
Clergy
,
in
order
to
concert
such
measures
as
might
either
satisfie
the
Pope
,
or
if
that
did
not
succeed
,
might
prevent
the
effects
of
his
threats
.
The
Assembly
was
very
remarkable
for
its
number
,
and
the
great
capacity
and
known
vertue
of
those
that
compos'd
it
.
After
having
examin'd
the
Briefs
,
and
well
weighed
the
matter
concerning
the
dispute
about
the
Regale
,
the
Clergy
,
with
the
King's
approbation
,
came
to
this
Resolution
,
that
his
Majesty
was
willing
to
renounce
any
thing
depending
on
the
Regale
,
that
should
be
found
contrary
to
the
Discipline
and
Practice
of
the
Church
.
This
Medium
appear'd
to
be
much
more
advantageous
to
the
Church
in
general
,
than
the
pretended
exemption
from
the
Regale
could
be
to
those
of
Languedock
;
but
this
was
so
far
from
giving
any
real
satisfaction
to
the
Pope
,
that
he
look'd
upon
the
whole
transaction
to
be
a
Crime
committed
against
his
Authority
;
for
which
reason
he
sent
no
other
Answer
to
the
Letter
written
to
him
in
the
Name
of
the
Assembly
,
but
a
thundring
Brief
,
in
which
he
had
annull'd
all
what
had
been
done
by
them
in
this
case
.
The
Clergy
finding
him
more
exasperated
than
ever
,
to
put
some
bounds
to
his
Zeal
,
and
to
make
him
sensible
that
his
Power
was
not
unlimitted
,
publish'd
their
Opinions
,
in
which
they
represented
to
the
People
,
that
they
ought
to
pay
all
due
respect
to
the
Authority
of
the
Vicar
of
Jesus
Christ
,
but
that
they
ought
not
to
stand
in
fear
of
his
Power
and
threats
,
if
they
transgress'd
their
due
bounds
.
It
was
at
that
time
that
the
Clergy
of
France
publish'd
these
following
Propositions
.
Propositi
-
made
in
the
Assmbly
of
the
French
Clergy
.
-
That
the
Pope
,
nor
Church
it self
have
any
absolute
or
indirect
power
over
Kings
in
temporal
Affairs
,
that
they
can
neither
be
deposed
,
nor
their
Subjects
Absolv'd
from
their
Oath
of
Allegiance
.
-
That
the
General
Councils
are
above
the
Pope
.
-
That
the
Pope's
Power
ought
to
be
limitted
and
regulated
according
to
the
Canons
prescrib'd
by
the
Church
;
and
that
his
decisions
are
not
infallible
,
unless
with
the
approbation
of
the
Church
.
These
Propositions
met
with
a
very
different
reception
in
Foreign
Countries
.
Some
oppos'd
them
with
all
their
might
,
and
even
in
opposition
to
their
Sovereigns
,
condemn'd
them
,
as
containing
a
new
broach'd
Doctrine
.
But
there
were
also
many
others
who
being
of
a
contrary
sentiment
,
maintain'd
in
their
Writings
,
that
this
Doctrine
was
so
far
from
being
new
fram'd
,
that
it
had
been
always
taught
and
practis'd
in
the
Church
,
before
the
eleventh
Century
.
They
represented
to
the
World
,
that
Pope
Gregory
VIII
.
upheld
by
the
vast
Treasures
of
the
Countess
Mathilde
,
had
been
the
first
who
had
been
so
bold
as
to
pretend
to
depose
an
Emperor
,
laying
hold
of
the
opportunity
that
offer'd
to
encrease
his
Power
by
the
Intestine
Divisions
and
Civil
Wars
,
which
at
that
time
had
reduc'd
the
German
Empire
to
the
brink
of
destruction
.
That
for
the
first
thousand
Years
,
the
Popes
had
always
submitted
themselves
to
the
Authority
of
the
General
Councils
,
and
that
by
their
own
confession
,
they
had
acknowledg'd
themselves
to
be
under
a
more
strict
obligation
than
others
,
to
observe
their
Canons
and
Decrees
.
There
were
others
also
,
who
look'd
upon
this
Declaration
of
the
Assembly
of
the
French
Clergy
as
very
seasonable
,
at
a
time
when
the
Court
of
Rome
in
all
outward
appearance
,
had
no
other
difference
with
the
King
but
only
to
maintain
the
Privileges
of
some
of
the
French
Churches
:
To
be
short
every
one
judg'd
of
the
matter
according
to
his
Passion
,
it
being
no
new
thing
that
Interest
is
for
the
most
part
the
fundcmental
Rule
of
any
Doctrine
.
But
certain
it
is
,
that
the
Pope
was
so
incens'd
at
the
Declaration
of
the
French
Clergy
,
that
when
the
King
afterwards
had
nominated
some
of
the
Members
of
the
Assembly
,
to
supply
the
vacant
Bishops
Sees
,
the
Pope
refus'd
to
approve
of
them
,
alledging
that
they
had
given
their
consent
without
sufficiently
weighing
the
matter
,
to
a
Doctrine
directly
opposite
to
the
Rights
and
Prerogatives
of
the
Papal
Chair
.
It
was
represented
to
him
that
these
contests
were
no
Articles
of
Faith
,
but
in
vain
,
for
without
being
mov'd
at
our
Remonstrances
,
he
left
above
thirty
Churches
vacant
in
France
,
rather
than
he
would
grant
his
Bulls
to
any
of
those
that
had
been
Members
of
the
Assembly
.
The
Pope's
refusal
was
look'd
upon
as
very
unseasonable
,
at
a
time
,
when
most
of
the
Churches
in
France
,
stood
more
than
ever
in
need
of
the
presence
of
their
Bishops
;
the
King
applied
all
his
care
to
root
out
Calvinism
in
his
Dominions
.
Calvinism
rooted
out
in
France
A
most
surprising
undertaking
,
both
in
respect
of
the
greatness
of
the
design
,
and
the
many
difficulties
that
were
to
be
surmounted
before
it
could
be
put
in
execution
.
This
Sect
began
first
under
the
Reign
of
Francis
I.
neither
appear'd
they
very
considerable
in
the
time
of
Henry
II.
but
under
the
Reigns
of
his
Children
,
they
began
to
be
so
formidable
,
that
they
seiz'd
upon
many
Cities
,
demolish'd
the
Churches
,
beat
down
the
Altars
,
and
broke
the
Images
,
committing
such
unheard
of
outrages
in
all
places
where
they
were
Masters
,
that
they
did
even
not
spare
the
grave
of
the
Dead
.
After
above
a
Million
of
brave
Men
who
were
destroy'd
in
the
Massacre
,
in
four
pitch'd
Battles
,
in
the
Sieges
and
Defence
of
several
hundred
places
,
and
in
above
three
hundred
Engagements
,
they
remain'd
yet
so
Potent
,
at
the
time
of
Henry
IV.
that
to
restore
Tranquillity
to
the
Kingdom
,
he
was
forc'd
to
grant
them
liberty
of
Conscience
,
many
Churches
in
all
parts
of
France
,
Judges
of
their
own
Perswasion
,
and
besides
,
a
free
access
to
all
places
of
Honour
and
Dignities
,
to
give
them
great
sums
of
Money
to
pay
off
their
Troops
,
and
an
hundred
places
as
pledges
of
their
future
security
,
and
to
settle
certain
Funds
to
maintain
both
their
Preachers
and
Garrisons
.
King
Lewis
XIII
.
having
,
after
a
most
bloody
War
which
lasted
seven
Years
,
taken
from
them
and
destroy'd
these
Sanctuaries
,
the
publick
Nurseries
of
Sedition
and
Rebellion
,
they
were
ever
since
without
any
places
of
Refuge
,
or
Head
,
being
divested
of
all
their
Troops
and
strong
holds
;
nevertheless
they
encreas'd
daily
in
number
,
so
that
at
the
time
of
the
King's
accession
to
the
Throne
,
they
were
computed
to
exceed
two
Millions
.
The
King
immediately
after
he
had
taken
the
management
of
Affairs
into
his
own
Hands
,
prompted
by
a
most
laudable
Zeal
for
the
true
Religion
,
and
taking
into
serious
consideration
their
many
revolts
,
their
dangerous
correspondence
with
Foreign
Princes
,
the
several
Conspiracies
fomented
by
them
within
the
Realm
,
the
Cruelties
executed
by
them
in
former
Reigns
,
had
at
that
time
taken
a
firm
Resolution
to
root
out
that
Faction
.
But
the
first
Years
of
his
Reign
being
for
the
most
part
taken
up
with
the
reformation
of
the
State
,
and
the
heavy
Wars
he
was
afterwards
oblig'd
to
carry
on
against
his
Neighbours
that
were
grown
jealous
of
his
prosperity
,
had
made
him
to
lay
aside
this
design
,
or
at
least
,
till
a
happy
Peace
should
furnish
him
with
a
more
favourable
opportunity
.
After
a
Sect
has
once
got
sure
footing
in
a
State
,
the
most
violent
must
serve
only
to
make
them
the
more
inveterate
,
as
too
much
lenity
makes
them
on
the
other
Hand
the
more
bold
and
encroaching
.
The
best
way
to
humble
them
,
and
to
make
them
dwindle
away
to
nothing
,
is
a
prudent
mixture
of
severity
and
indulgence
,
according
to
the
different
circumstances
of
time
,
the
greatest
part
of
Mankind
being
more
inclin'd
to
be
govern'd
by
fear
,
than
the
dictates
of
right
Reason
.
The
King
being
willing
to
make
use
of
all
possible
means
to
suppress
this
Heresie
without
much
noise
and
trouble
,
exhorted
the
French
Bishops
to
take
care
,
that
the
points
in
Controversie
betwixt
the
Catholicks
and
Calvinists
,
should
be
fundamentally
treated
of
in
the
Pulpits
,
especially
in
those
places
that
were
mostly
inhabited
by
the
last
,
and
that
a
good
number
of
Prudent
and
Zealous
Missionaries
should
be
sent
among
them
,
who
by
their
Instructions
and
good
Examples
,
might
bring
back
these
lost
Sheep
to
the
Sheep-fold
.
To
back
their
Zeal
and
Endeavours
by
his
Royal
Authority
,
he
promised
ample
Rewards
,
Honours
,
and
Privileges
to
such
of
his
Subjects
as
would
return
into
the
bosom
of
the
Church
.
and
to
punish
those
that
remain'd
obstinate
;
he
not
only
excluded
them
from
his
Household
,
and
all
other
employments
of
Honour
or
Profit
,
but
order'd
also
that
Soldiers
should
be
quarter'd
in
their
Houses
,
till
such
time
that
they
might
be
prevail'd
upon
to
change
their
Opinion
.
In
such
a
case
as
this
it
is
not
sufficient
to
give
good
and
wholesome
Instructions
,
there
being
a
certain
benummedness
(
as
it
may
be
said
)
in
Mankind
,
which
oweing
its
Off-spring
to
a
long
Custom
,
makes
them
look
with
too
much
indifferency
after
the
means
of
their
Salvation
,
unless
they
be
spurr'd
on
by
fear
.
Most
Men
are
so
prepossessed
with
prejudices
,
especially
if
degenerated
into
a
habit
of
carelesness
,
that
they
think
it
scarce
ever
worth
their
while
to
make
a
due
search
after
Truth
,
unless
they
be
forc'd
thereunto
by
the
apprehensions
of
danger
,
and
the
desire
of
living
in
quiet
.
The
King
order'd
all
the
Courts
of
Justice
,
erected
by
vertue
of
the
Edict
of
Nantes
,
to
be
abolish'd
,
and
in
lieu
of
them
made
several
Laws
in
favour
of
the
Catholick
Religion
,
which
debarr'd
them
from
that
pernicious
liberty
of
abjuring
the
true
Religion
,
and
those
of
the
Protestants
who
had
embrac'd
it
,
to
return
to
their
former
Errors
,
and
Heresie
,
under
severe
punishments
;
to
shut
up
all
such
Churches
as
receive
them
,
and
to
forbid
the
Ministerial
Function
to
their
Preachers
.
But
these
were
too
fond
of
maintaining
and
encouraging
their
Faction
,
to
give
ear
to
the
King's
Commands
,
who
,
to
punish
their
disobedience
,
order'd
many
of
their
Churches
to
be
pull'd
down
,
and
laid
level
with
the
ground
;
especially
in
such
places
where
the
had
exercis'd
their
Divine
Worship
,
contrary
even
to
those
Edicts
which
were
made
in
their
behalf
.
It
is
in
this
place
that
with
all
the
reason
in
the
World
may
be
apply'd
this
saying
,
That
there
are
certain
Truths
which
appear
so
little
probable
,
that
they
resemble
more
a
Fable
than
Truth
it self
.
Will
it
not
appear
incredible
to
Posterity
,
when
they
shall
read
that
we
have
seen
in
our
times
so
strong
a
Faction
dwindle
away
to
nothing
,
without
any
violence
or
commotion
?
For
in
four
or
five
Years
time
whole
Cities
were
re-united
to
the
Obedience
of
the
Church
,
who
had
this
comfort
to
see
by
the
conduct
of
her
eldest
Son
,
Two
Millions
of
her
Children
return
into
her
Bosom
.
Thus
the
King
in
the
Year
1685
,
on
the
22th
of
October
,
annull'd
the
Edicts
of
Nantes
and
Nismes
,
their
Churches
were
all
laid
level
with
the
Ground
,
their
Ministers
banish'd
the
Kingdom
,
and
Calvinism
was
entirely
rooted
out
without
the
least
commotion
.
As
by
these
so
many
and
great
Actions
the
love
which
the
People
bore
to
the
King
encreased
more
and
more
every
Day
,
so
it
is
scarce
to
be
express'd
with
what
a
general
consternation
the
whole
Kingdom
was
seiz'd
,
when
about
a
Year
after
,
his
Life
was
in
danger
.
For
seven
or
eighth
Months
before
,
In
Decem.
1678.
he
had
been
much
out
of
order
,
having
at
several
times
been
seized
either
with
a
Fever
or
some
other
Distemper
,
till
at
last
it
breaking
out
into
an
Ulcer
,
an
incision
was
judg'd
the
only
remedy
against
the
Evil
,
which
being
applied
accordingly
,
prov'd
so
dangerous
,
that
he
could
not
possibly
have
escaped
with
his
Life
,
if
the
Fever
had
return'd
.
But
the
cause
of
it
is
attributed
by
many
to
the
excess
of
fear
,
which
seizes
the
faint
hearted
Patient
in
such
an
operation
;
so
the
King
having
born
it
without
the
least
commotion
,
he
scarce
found
any
alteration
,
having
receiv'd
the
visits
of
many
the
same
Day
,
appear'd
in
Council
the
next
,
and
during
the
whole
time
he
was
afflicted
with
this
Evil
(
which
lasted
above
five
Weeks
)
he
manag'd
all
State-Affairs
,
and
dispatch'd
his
Orders
with
the
same
activity
as
he
was
us'd
to
do
before
.
As
long
as
he
was
judg'd
to
be
in
danger
,
the
whole
Kingdom
offer'd
up
their
Vows
for
his
recovery
.
Nothing
was
more
frequent
than
to
see
the
Handycrafts
Men
leave
their
Employments
,
and
to
run
in
prodigious
numbers
to
the
Churches
,
which
were
always
full
from
Morning
till
Night
;
the
People
flocking
in
vast
numbers
to
Pray
for
the
King's
Health
.
But
as
they
had
given
most
evident
proofs
of
their
sorrow
and
grief
hitherto
,
so
they
strove
to
out-do
one
another
in
their
demonstrations
of
Joy
at
his
Recovery
;
the
rejoycings
made
upon
this
Occasion
being
risen
to
that
degree
of
extravagancy
,
that
it
was
judged
convenient
to
put
a
stop
to
them
by
publick
Authority
.
But
if
his
recovery
fill'd
all
his
Subjects
with
joy
and
satisfaction
,
his
Enemies
,
jealous
of
his
greatness
,
were
the
more
surprised
,
when
they
found
themselves
deceiv'd
in
their
expectation
.
It
was
above
a
Year
since
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
the
Ministers
of
the
Emperor
,
and
the
Duke
of
Neuburgh
had
fomented
the
jealousie
,
which
the
other
Princes
of
Europe
had
conceived
at
our
King's
Prosperity
.
The
Duke
of
Neuburgh
especially
,
being
a
very
active
Prince
,
and
a
great
Politician
,
who
never
miss'd
the
least
opportunity
of
promoting
his
own
Interests
,
had
made
many
Cabals
against
France
,
especially
in
Germany
,
and
Spain
,
where
by
his
perswasions
he
animated
these
Princes
to
enter
into
a
League
against
us
,
insinuating
to
them
,
the
danger
that
threatned
them
sm●e
the
conclusion
of
the
Truce
made
at
Ratisbonne
in
the
Year
1684
,
which
he
represented
to
them
more
disgraceful
than
the
Peace
it self
made
at
Nimeguen
,
and
that
therefore
it
would
be
more
for
their
Interest
to
take
up
Arms
for
the
recovery
of
their
Losses
and
Reputation
,
an
open
War
being
less
dangerous
,
than
to
suffer
France
to
bid
defiance
to
them
in
the
midst
of
Peace
;
that
they
could
scarce
hope
for
a
more
favourable
juncture
than
this
,
the
present
greatness
of
France
being
owing
to
their
King
,
whose
health
being
now
impaired
to
that
degree
,
as
not
to
be
able
to
get
on
Horseback
,
and
to
animate
his
Subjects
by
his
Presence
.
These
insinuations
and
intrigues
were
at
last
so
prevailing
,
that
in
the
Year
1686
,
in
July
,
an
Alliance
was
concluded
at
Augsburgh
against
France
,
betwixt
the
Emperor
,
the
King
of
Spain
,
the
States-General
of
the
United
Provinces
,
the
Elector
Palatin
,
and
the
Electors
of
Brandenburgh
and
Saxony
,
many
Catholick
,
and
generally
all
the
Protestant
Princes
of
Germany
.
After
the
taking
of
Luxemburgh
,
and
the
conclusion
of
the
Truce
,
the
King
had
shewn
more
inclin●…
than
ever
to
maintain
the
Peace
of
Christendom
;
he
had
let
the
Emperor
gain
several
Battles
,
and
Conquer
a
whole
Kingdom
,
without
any
opposition
,
or
making
the
least
Diversion
,
which
might
in
all
probability
have
prevented
the
Imperialists
from
extending
their
Conquests
,
and
ruining
the
Ottoman
Empire
,
which
seem'd
at
that
time
to
be
brought
to
the
very
brink
of
destruction
.
And
notwithstanding
that
the
Duke
of
Neuburgh
by
his
Conduct
,
had
given
sufficient
reason
to
the
King
to
make
him
feel
the
effects
of
his
Indignation
,
nevertheless
he
resolv'd
rather
to
sacrifice
his
present
resentments
to
the
interest
of
Christendom
,
than
by
sending
an
Army
towards
the
Rhine
to
obstruct
the
progress
of
the
Christian
Arms
against
the
Infidels
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Elector
Palatin
happen'd
to
die
without
Issue
,
who
being
succeeded
in
the
Electorate
by
the
Duke
of
Neuburgh
,
The
first
Spouse
of
the
present
Duke
of
Orleans
was
Henriette
Anne
,
Daughter
to
K.
Ch.
I.
of
England
.
Charlotte
Elizabeth
.
of
Bavaria
,
the
lately
deceas'd
Elector's
Sister
,
and
now
Dutchess
of
Orleans
,
demanded
from
the
new
Elector
all
the
moveables
,
Allodian
Lands
,
and
Fiefs
belonging
to
her
Family
.
The
new
Elector
did
consent
to
give
her
all
the
moveaables
,
but
refus'd
to
restore
the
rest
,
of
which
he
had
taken
possession
.
The
better
to
back
his
pretensions
,
the
Duke
of
Orleans
was
forc'd
to
make
his
application
to
the
King
,
to
lend
him
a
sufficient
number
of
Forces
to
put
himself
in
possession
of
those
Fiefs
,
which
by
Inheritance
belong'd
to
his
Dutchess
.
This
seem'd
to
be
the
most
favourable
opportunity
that
could
be
expected
for
the
King
to
chastise
the
Elector
Palatin
;
but
his
inclinations
for
the
maintaining
Tranquillity
in
Christendom
prevailing
over
all
other
considerations
,
he
would
not
consent
at
that
time
,
that
the
Duke
of
Orleans
,
his
Brother
,
should
prosecute
his
right
by
force
of
Arms
,
but
prevail'd
with
him
to
leave
the
whole
matter
of
the
decision
to
the
Pope
.
The
Heads
of
this
new
Confederacy
imputing
this
condescension
of
our
King
either
to
the
present
condition
of
his
Affairs
,
or
the
ill
state
of
his
health
,
left
no
stone
unturn'd
,
especially
in
the
Court
of
Rome
,
to
prepossess
the
Pope
with
fears
and
jealousies
against
us
.
He
being
extreamly
rejoyc'd
at
the
happy
progress
of
the
Emperor's
Arms
in
Hungary
,
it
was
not
without
a
great
deal
of
satisfaction
,
that
he
saw
our
King
give
such
eminent
demonstrations
of
his
moderation
,
as
not
in
the
least
to
obstruct
their
Conquests
,
besides
which
he
could
not
be
sufficiently
sensible
of
these
fresh
demonstrations
of
the
King's
confidence
in
him
,
in
having
left
the
difference
about
the
Inheritance
of
the
Palatinate
to
his
Arbitration
.
But
the
Emperor's
Ministers
had
so
much
the
ascendant
over
him
,
that
by
their
insinuations
,
they
stifled
all
the
favourable
Sentiments
he
had
conceiv'd
for
the
Interest
of
France
;
and
on
the
other
Hand
,
had
so
deeply
engag'd
him
in
their
Party
,
that
he
only
wanted
an
opportunity
or
a
pretext
to
come
to
a
rupture
with
us
;
it
was
not
long
before
he
thought
to
have
met
with
the
most
favourable
one
that
could
be
wish'd
for
,
when
a
dispute
arose
about
the
Franchises
of
the
Quarters
of
Ambassadors
.
The
Palaces
of
Foreign
Ambassadors
belonging
not
so
much
to
themselves
as
those
Kings
and
Princes
whom
they
represent
,
Differences
about
the
privileges
of
the
Ambassadors
Quarters
at
Rome
.
ought
at
all
times
to
be
respected
as
such
,
and
for
this
reason
it
is
,
that
by
the
Law
of
Nations
they
are
accounted
Sacred
and
Unviolable
.
The
Ambassadors
of
Crown'd
Heads
residing
at
Rome
entertain
generally
a
vast
Retinue
,
so
that
their
Palaces
being
seldom
large
enough
to
contain
so
great
a
number
of
Domesticks
,
they
are
frequently
oblig'd
to
dispose
of
some
of
them
in
the
next
adjacent
Houses
,
which
upon
that
account
were
always
esteem'd
at
Rome
as
belonging
to
and
enjoying
the
same
Privileges
with
the
Ambassador's
Palace
it self
.
for
which
reason
the
Officers
of
Justice
were
not
allow'd
to
do
their
Office
in
these
places
,
which
were
look'd
upon
as
a
Sanctuary
.
But
it
happen'd
frequently
,
that
the
Ambassadors
Domesticks
,
and
sometimes
they
themselves
made
but
ill
use
of
this
Privilege
,
which
made
several
Popes
forbid
their
Subjects
,
under
very
severe
punishments
,
to
seek
for
refuge
in
the
Ambassador's
Quarters
,
and
order'd
their
Judges
not
to
suffer
any
thing
like
it
for
the
future
.
But
notwithstanding
all
these
precautions
,
the
Ambassadors
had
maintain'd
themselves
in
their
right
,
till
Pope
Innocent
XI
.
seem'd
resolv'd
to
abolish
them
for
ever
.
For
which
purpose
,
he
immediately
after
the
Death
of
Francis
Hannibal
,
Duke
d'Estrees
,
(
Brother
to
the
Cardinal
of
the
same
Name
)
the
King's
Ambassador
at
Rame
,
by
his
Bull
Excommunicated
all
such
as
should
pretend
to
maintain
the
said
Franchises
of
Quarters
,
and
all
those
Offenders
that
should
pretend
to
seek
for
refuge
in
those
places
.
His
judgment
appear'd
too
much
inclining
to
severity
by
the
consent
of
all
the
World
;
it
being
alledg'd
,
that
since
the
Thunderbolt
of
the
Church
ought
not
to
aim
at
any
others
but
hainous
Offenders
,
why
should
it
strike
at
these
,
who
perhaps
,
by
misfortune
being
fallen
into
an
error
,
or
debts
,
shelter
themselves
in
those
places
for
the
preservation
of
their
lives
and
liberty
.
After
the
publication
of
this
Bull
,
Henry
Charles
de
Beaumonvil
,
Marquis
of
Leverdin
,
who
succeeded
the
Duke
d'Estrees
in
the
same
station
at
Rome
,
and
been
present
at
Mass
at
Christmass-Eve
in
the
Year
1686
,
in
the
Parish
Church
of
St.
Lewis
,
the
Cardinal
Vicar
taking
it
for
granted
,
that
the
Ambassador
was
fallen
under
the
censure
of
the
above-mention'd
Bull
,
order'd
the
said
Church
to
be
shut
up
;
but
two
Months
after
the
said
Judgment
was
revok'd
,
and
the
Church
opened
again
,
notwithstanding
the
said
Ambassador
had
not
given
the
least
satisfaction
,
or
any
demonstrations
of
Repentance
.
The
said
Ambassador
being
,
since
his
arrival
at
Rome
,
not
admitted
to
the
Audience
of
the
Pope
,
no
body
knew
whether
he
had
put
himself
into
the
possession
of
the
Franchises
of
the
Quarters
,
in
order
to
maintain
,
or
else
to
resign
them
into
the
Pope's
Hands
;
having
hitherto
acted
with
so
much
circumspection
,
as
to
this
point
,
that
it
was
the
opinion
of
most
People
,
that
he
had
receiv'd
Orders
from
the
King
to
renounce
them
,
since
he
had
not
forc'd
all
suspitious
Persons
to
leave
his
Quarters
,
but
also
giving
strict
Orders
to
his
Domesticks
not
to
give
reception
to
any
for
the
future
.
As
there
had
not
been
any
body
to
see
him
from
the
Pope
,
so
he
had
not
receiv'd
the
least
notice
of
this
Bull
against
the
Franchises
of
the
Quarters
,
tho'
it
was
evident
that
it
had
been
publish'd
a
considerable
time
before
his
arrival
;
so
that
if
the
high
Character
he
bore
in
the
Romish
Court
had
not
been
a
sufficient
protection
for
him
against
the
censure
of
this
Bull
,
it
would
have
proved
a
very
difficult
task
to
evince
that
consider'd
only
as
a
private
Man
,
he
had
fallen
under
the
said
Censure
.
Notwithstanding
all
this
the
Pope
remain'd
inflexible
to
all
the
remonstrances
of
the
Ambassador
,
who
could
never
obtain
to
be
admitted
to
his
Audience
.
The
Allies
finding
the
Pope's
resolute
disposition
so
highly
favourable
to
their
present
design
,
made
use
of
this
opportunity
,
to
bring
over
some
of
the
Catholick
Princes
,
that
hitherto
had
not
shew'd
much
forwardness
to
enter
into
the
Confederacy
,
by
which
means
they
hop'd
to
strengthen
their
Party
to
such
a
degree
,
as
to
be
able
to
cope
with
the
power
of
France
;
for
which
reason
also
the
Elector
Palatin
made
pressing
instances
at
the
Emperor's
(
his
Father-in-Law's
)
Court
,
to
conclude
a
Peace
with
the
Ottoman
Port
,
and
to
sacrifice
some
of
his
Conquests
in
Hungary
to
enable
them
to
prosecute
the
War
with
the
more
vigour
near
the
Rhine
.
The
Turks
shew'd
about
that
time
great
Inclinations
for
a
Peace
,
which
they
stood
much
in
need
of
,
to
recover
themselves
of
the
losses
and
troubles
,
which
their
misfortunes
abroad
and
Intestine
Divisions
at
home
had
caus'd
in
their
Empire
;
But
having
observ'd
the
Imperialists
to
act
with
too
much
eagerness
in
what
they
desir'd
themselves
,
they
began
to
take
fresh
Courage
and
Resolution
not
to
make
Peace
,
unless
upon
very
good
terms
.
Peace
is
a
thing
so
good
and
desirable
in
it self
,
as
ought
not
easily
to
be
refus'd
,
when
offer'd
,
but
nevertheless
it
is
not
always
advantageous
to
act
in
a
matter
of
such
consequence
with
too
much
precipitation
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Confederates
left
no
stone
unturn'd
to
strengthen
their
Party
near
the
Rhine
,
by
the
choice
of
a
new
Elector
of
Cologne
,
such
a
one
as
they
knew
to
be
absolutely
devoted
to
their
Interest
,
and
who
should
grant
a
free
passage
to
their
Troops
upon
all
occasions
.
The
old
Archbishop
was
so
aged
and
decay'd
in
strength
,
The
Affairs
of
Cologne
1688.
that
seeing
but
little
probability
to
live
many
Years
longer
,
he
gave
leave
to
the
Chapter
of
Cologne
to
chuse
a
Coadjutor
.
The
Elector
Palatin
being
a
Prince
who
knew
how
to
improve
all
opportunities
to
his
own
advantage
,
made
use
of
all
his
Interest
to
advance
one
of
the
Princes
his
Sons
to
that
Dignity
,
being
sensible
that
if
he
could
succeed
in
this
design
,
to
make
one
of
them
Coadjutor
of
this
Bishoprick
,
and
consequently
thereby
to
make
himself
Master
of
two
Electorates
,
there
was
nothing
so
great
,
that
he
might
not
hope
for
in
time
;
and
there
were
not
a
few
who
suspected
,
that
notwithstanding
this
strict
Alliance
with
the
House
of
Austria
,
he
had
not
laid
aside
all
thoughts
of
meeting
with
a
favourable
opportunity
to
make
way
for
his
Sons
to
the
Empire
.
However
it
was
,
both
the
Emperor
and
Hollanders
made
use
of
all
their
Interest
to
back
his
pretensions
,
but
all
their
intrigues
prov'd
of
so
little
effect
,
that
of
two
and
twenty
of
which
the
Chapter
was
compos'd
,
nineteen
gave
their
Voices
for
William
Eugene
of
Furstembergh
,
Cardinal
and
Bishop
of
Strasburgh
,
Dean
of
the
Church
,
and
Chief
Minister
of
the
Archbishop
of
Cologne
.
The
extraordinary
merits
of
the
Cardinal
,
his
great
Age
and
Experience
,
his
past
Services
,
but
above
all
the
recommendations
both
of
our
King
,
and
the
Archishop
of
Cologne
had
been
so
prevailing
with
them
,
as
to
prefer
him
before
all
others
.
But
these
reasons
were
not
convincing
enough
to
his
Holiness
,
who
in
opposition
to
all
the
remonstrances
made
to
him
in
the
Cardinal's
behalf
,
persisted
in
his
resolution
of
not
confirming
the
said
Postulation
,
tho'
it
was
confess'd
on
all
sides
,
that
every
thing
had
been
transacted
in
due
form
,
and
that
his
Confirmation
was
look'd
upon
as
the
most
proper
means
to
secure
the
Peace
of
Christendom
.
The
King
writ
a
Letter
to
the
Pope
with
his
own
Hand
,
which
being
given
to
a
trusty
Messenger
,
the
said
Envoy
shew'd
the
Letter
to
the
Ministers
of
his
Holiness
,
and
without
discovering
to
them
his
Instructions
,
told
them
that
he
had
something
to
propose
to
the
Pope
in
the
King's
Name
,
which
would
give
him
all
imaginable
satisfaction
.
But
what
is
more
frequent
,
than
to
see
even
the
wisest
to
be
mistaken
,
when
they
are
only
guided
and
rely
too
much
upon
their
own
Counsels
?
For
,
how
dangerous
soever
the
consequences
of
this
refusal
were
represented
to
the
Pope
,
he
could
not
be
prevail'd
upon
to
receive
either
the
Letter
,
or
to
admit
the
Envoy
into
his
presence
.
In
the
mean
while
that
these
contests
were
in
agitation
in
the
Court
of
Rome
,
the
Archbishop
of
Cologne
came
to
die
,
and
the
Confederates
to
counter-balance
the
Interest
of
the
Cardinal
of
Furstenbergh
,
rais'd
up
Prince
Clement
,
Brother
to
Maximilian
II.
the
present
Elector
of
Bavaria
,
as
a
Competitor
against
him
.
He
was
a
young
Prince
of
no
small
hopes
,
but
being
not
then
above
seventeen
Years
of
Age
,
and
no
Member
of
the
Chapter
of
Cologne
.
the
Pope
was
forc'd
to
recede
at
this
juncture
from
his
wonted
rigor
and
the
strict
rules
of
the
Church
Canons
,
and
to
grant
him
a
Dispensation
to
qualifie
him
to
be
Elected
Archbishop
of
the
said
Church
.
The
Confederates
strengthned
by
the
Pope's
Brief
spared
neither
threats
,
offers
,
nor
promises
or
intrigues
.
And
the
Emperor's
Envoy
told
in
the
Assembly
of
the
Chapter
,
and
in
the
presence
of
the
Cardinal
himself
,
that
if
they
chose
the
Cardinal
they
must
expect
to
be
depriv'd
of
all
their
privileges
.
But
notwithstanding
all
these
violent
proceedures
,
fourteen
remain'd
stedfast
to
the
Cardinal
,
there
being
only
nine
that
gave
their
voices
for
Prince
Clement
of
Bavaria
.
The
decision
of
this
grand
affair
belonging
to
the
Court
of
Rome
,
Prince
Clement
of
Bavaria
Elect●r
of
Cologne
.
both
these
Competitors
back'd
by
the
interest
of
those
Princes
that
had
espous'd
their
Quarrel
,
made
all
their
credit
to
obtain
their
Confirmation
by
the
Pope's
Bull
,
who
call'd
together
a
Congregation
strictly
to
examine
the
matter
in
all
its
circumstances
.
But
a
business
of
such
vast
quence
,
and
that
in
so
nice
a
juncture
,
was
not
likely
to
be
decided
by
such
formalities
as
those
,
but
by
the
powerful
influence
of
the
stronger
party
.
The
Enemies
of
France
were
not
backward
to
represent
to
the
Pope
,
that
by
making
the
Cardinal
Archbishop
of
Cologne
,
was
in
effect
,
to
put
our
King
in
the
possession
of
Cologne
and
the
whole
Electorate
;
that
the
King
when
once
Master
of
Cologne
,
would
in
a
little
time
be
also
Master
not
only
of
the
Low-Countries
,
but
also
of
the
Empire
it self
,
Cologne
being
the
Gate
which
open'd
the
way
into
the
Empire
to
over-run
the
neighbouring
Countries
at
pleasure
.
There
needed
no
more
to
create
a
jealousie
in
the
Pope
,
who
being
already
prepossess'd
either
with
a
prejudice
or
ill
will
against
the
Cardinal
,
and
with
a
fear
of
augmenting
the
King's
Power
,
was
ready
enough
to
give
ear
to
the
insinuations
of
these
Emissaries
,
and
to
exclude
the
Cardinal
from
the
hopes
of
the
Archbishoprick
,
in
preferring
a
Prince
of
seventeen
Years
,
before
him
,
whom
he
himself
thought
worthy
of
the
Cardinal
's
Cap.
Our
King
having
thus
in
vain
try'd
all
possible
means
to
preserve
the
Peace
of
Christendom
,
The
King
takes
up
Arms
in
1688.
took
at
last
a
resolution
to
come
to
a
rupture
with
the
Pope
,
and
without
any
diminution
to
the
respect
due
to
the
Holy
Chair
,
to
defend
himself
against
his
Aggressors
,
chusing
rather
to
carry
the
War
into
his
Enemies
Countries
,
than
to
expect
it
in
his
own
.
To
divert
the
storm
that
was
arising
from
Rome
,
he
order'd
his
Attorney-General
to
bring
in
an
Appeal
to
the
next
General
Council
,
against
all
the
injustices
receiv'd
,
or
which
for
the
future
might
be
to
be
fear'd
from
the
Pope's
partiality
:
This
kind
of
Appeal
,
when
founded
upon
just
reasons
,
making
void
and
ineffectual
all
the
Church
Censures
intended
against
this
Act
,
the
King
could
not
have
pitch'd
upon
a
more
Prudent
and
Commodious
expedient
to
prevent
the
Popes
future
resolutions
of
hurting
him
,
or
at
least
to
take
away
the
means
of
puting
them
in
Execution
.
He
publish'd
at
the
same
time
a
Manifesto
,
In
Sept.
1688.
containing
the
reasons
which
had
oblig'd
him
to
take
up
Arms
once
more
;
and
,
as
his
chief
design
was
rather
to
be
upon
the
defensive
than
to
act
offensively
against
his
Enemies
,
the
said
Manifesto
had
much
more
resemblance
to
a
new
project
of
Peace
,
than
to
a
Declaration
of
War
.
For
the
King
proposed
.
To
put
an
end
to
the
differences
in
Hand
by
an
amicable
composition
,
in
reference
to
the
Succession
in
dispute
,
concerning
the
Fiefs
in
the
Palatinate
.
He
offer'd
to
demolish
Friburgh
and
Philipsbourg
,
after
he
should
become
Master
of
the
last
;
provided
the
Emperor
and
Empire
would
agree
on
their
side
to
convert
the
twenty
Years
Truce
into
a
Peace
,
and
would
leave
the
Cardinal
of
Furstemburgh
in
the
quiet
possession
of
the
Archbishoprick
,
and
the
Chapter
of
Cologne
in
the
enjoyment
of
their
Rights
and
Privileges
.
To
back
these
pretensions
by
the
force
of
his
Arms
,
Philipsburgh
taken
in
1688
he
order'd
a
good
Army
to
advance
towards
Philipsburgh
,
which
was
besieged
by
the
Dauphin
on
the
sixth
of
October
.
This
being
the
first
time
that
the
Prince
appear'd
at
the
head
of
an
Army
in
the
Field
,
he
gave
such
eminent
proofs
both
of
his
Valour
and
Conduct
in
this
Campaign
,
which
lasted
not
above
six
Weeks
,
that
thereby
he
gain'd
the
esteem
of
the
whole
French
Army
.
There
were
many
difficulties
to
be
surmounted
in
this
Siege
,
the
far
advanc'd
Season
,
continual
Rains
,
and
situation
of
the
Place
,
which
was
surrounded
with
marshy
Grounds
,
and
the
resolution
of
the
Governor
,
who
defended
himself
with
great
bravery
,
were
such
obstacles
as
seem'd
to
render
the
success
of
this
Enterprise
very
doubtful
.
But
the
Place
being
destitute
of
all
hopes
of
relief
,
and
not
in
a
condition
to
resist
any
longer
the
fury
of
our
Bombs
,
and
vigorous
Attacks
,
was
forc'd
to
Capitulate
on
the
twenty
ninth
of
October
,
and
the
Dauphin
celebrated
his
Birth-day
three
Days
after
being
the
first
of
November
,
by
his
Solemn
Entry
into
the
Place
.
During
the
Siege
of
Philipsburgh
the
King
reiterated
his
former
instances
for
the
conclusion
of
a
Peace
,
in
hopes
,
that
these
lightnings
being
the
fore-runners
of
those
thunder-claps
that
threatned
the
adjacent
Countries
,
might
serve
as
a
warning
to
the
Confederates
.
But
finding
all
his
endeavours
in
vain
,
and
fore-seeing
he
must
prepare
himself
to
sustain
a
long
War
,
he
order'd
the
Dauphin
to
make
himself
Master
of
the
whole
Palatinate
,
The
Conquest
of
the
Palatinate
in
1688.
by
the
Conquest
of
the
strong
Fortresses
of
Manheim
and
Frankendal
,
and
at
the
same
time
,
sent
several
flying
Armies
towards
Spires
,
Mayence
,
Treves
,
and
Wormes
,
to
take
possession
of
these
places
;
by
which
means
he
did
not
question
but
to
oblige
the
Enemies
either
to
accept
of
a
Peace
,
or
at
least
to
put
them
under
a
necessity
of
regaining
these
places
with
vast
charges
and
great
loss
of
their
Men
,
which
had
only
cost
him
the
trouble
of
being
seiz'd
upon
by
his
Troops
.
AN
ESSAY
UPON
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
REIGN
OF
LEWIS
the
GREAT
.
LIB
.
V.
THE
whole
German
Empire
was
extreamly
alarm'd
at
these
Conquests
made
by
our
King's
Forces
,
but
they
were
so
far
from
being
cast
down
at
their
loss
,
that
on
the
contrary
,
they
seem'd
to
have
assum'd
new
Courage
;
each
Circle
in
particular
dreading
the
neighbourhood
of
so
potent
a
Prince
,
strove
to
out-vye
the
other
in
making
new
Levies
with
great
expedition
,
without
entring
upon
the
dispute
(
as
they
us'd
to
do
formerly
)
about
the
Quota
each
of
them
was
to
furnish
for
the
defence
of
the
Empire
.
All
the
Electors
and
Princes
of
Germany
,
not
excepting
even
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
,
declar'd
unanimously
against
France
,
notwithstanding
the
Sister
of
the
last
was
Married
to
the
Dauphin
.
He
had
signaliz'd
himself
upon
several
occasions
in
Hungary
,
and
was
now
resolv'd
to
maintain
his
Brother
in
the
Archbishoprick
of
Cologne
;
besides
,
that
he
was
flatter'd
with
the
hopes
of
Succession
in
Spain
.
These
Obligations
were
so
prevailing
with
this
Prince
,
that
contrary
to
the
Maxim
practis'd
in
the
House
of
Bavaria
for
many
Years
past
,
to
balance
the
power
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
he
became
one
of
the
Heads
and
the
most
passionate
adherents
to
the
Confederacy
.
It
is
scarce
possible
to
be
conceiv'd
that
so
many
Sovereigns
as
compose
the
German
Empire
should
be
sway'd
by
the
same
interest
,
The
whole
Empire
declares
against
France
.
and
be
all
of
the
same
opinion
,
the
more
,
since
History
can
scarce
furnish
us
with
an
instance
for
many
Ages
past
,
when
they
have
been
thus
united
in
one
League
,
especially
in
espousing
the
Emperor's
Quarrel
,
it
being
look'd
upon
as
one
of
the
fundamental
Maxims
to
maintain
the
Liberty
of
the
Empire
,
rather
to
diminish
than
to
favour
the
designs
and
growing
power
of
their
Emperors
.
It
appear'd
to
most
Politicians
,
a
thing
the
most
improbable
in
the
World
,
to
see
these
Princes
so
forward
in
running
themselves
in
a
War
,
the
benefit
whereof
would
only
redound
to
the
Emperor
,
whilst
they
in
the
mean
while
disinabled
themselves
to
resist
his
power
,
when
at
any
time
hereafter
he
should
meet
with
a
favourable
juncture
to
fall
upon
them
.
Notwithstanding
the
conjunction
of
the
forces
of
Germany
,
the
Emperor
and
Empire
scarce
thinking
themselves
strong
enough
to
resist
the
King
's
Victorious
Arms
without
further
supplies
,
they
made
their
applications
to
all
the
Princes
of
Europe
,
even
the
King
of
Poland
,
and
to
the
other
Northern
Princes
,
who
by
their
vast
distance
seem'd
to
have
but
little
concerns
in
the
affairs
of
those
parts
of
Europe
.
The
Swiss
Cantons
were
more
than
once
sollicited
to
enter
into
the
Confederacy
,
or
at
least
to
grant
a
free
passage
to
their
Troops
.
But
as
they
did
not
fear
their
threats
,
so
they
rejected
all
their
advantageous
offers
,
persisting
in
their
resolution
,
to
keep
an
exact
neutrality
,
according
to
the
examples
of
their
Ancestors
,
who
thereby
drew
the
Money
of
the
neighbouring
Countries
into
their
Country
,
and
made
themselves
to
be
esteemed
and
courted
by
the
most
powerful
Princes
of
Europe
:
among
all
the
Princes
of
Italy
,
tho'
there
were
very
few
but
what
were
glad
to
see
a
check
put
to
the
King's
power
,
yet
not
one
declar'd
against
us
except
Victor
Amadeus
II.
the
present
Duke
of
Savoy
.
The
Glorious
Name
of
being
Generalissimo
over
a
great
Army
,
which
the
Confederates
had
promis'd
to
send
to
his
assistance
,
the
fair
prospect
of
enriching
himself
by
the
great
subsidies
from
England
and
Holland
;
the
hopes
of
having
a
share
in
the
Conquests
which
the
Allies
propos'd
to
make
upon
France
,
and
to
make
a
better
Figure
in
Europe
than
he
had
done
hitherto
;
all
these
fair
pretensions
,
I
say
,
were
motives
strong
enough
to
induce
that
Duke
to
refuse
all
the
King's
offers
of
a
Neutrality
,
The
Duke
of
Savoy
enters
into
the
Confederacy
.
and
to
joyn
with
the
Confederates
against
us
.
The
War
in
Piedmont
is
always
extreamly
chargeable
to
France
;
all
the
Cannon
,
Ammunition
,
and
Provisions
,
must
be
carried
upon
Mules
thro'
impassable
Roads
,
and
out
Troops
could
not
but
suffer
great
inconveniencies
in
passing
and
re-passing
these
inaccessible
Mountains
,
so
that
nothing
could
be
more
advantageously
contriv'd
for
the
Interest
of
the
Confederates
,
than
to
oblige
our
King
to
carry
on
a
War
on
that
side
,
where
besides
all
the
before-mention'd
inconveniencies
,
our
Frontiers
lay
expos'd
to
our
Enemies
;
it
having
been
always
the
Interest
of
Savoy
to
keep
a
good
correspondence
with
France
,
and
the
strict
Alliances
betwixt
these
two
Courts
,
the
King's
reputation
and
strength
having
been
look'd
upon
as
a
sufficient
safe-guard
and
Bullwark
for
the
security
of
our
Frontiers
in
those
parts
.
It
was
upon
this
account
that
the
Allies
flatter'd
themselves
with
the
hopes
of
making
a
powerful
irruption
upon
us
,
and
to
penetrate
into
the
very
heart
of
the
Kingdom
on
this
side
,
where
it
was
least
defensible
;
but
tho'
they
promis'd
themselves
no
small
advantages
from
this
diversion
,
the
main
foundation
of
their
hopes
was
laid
on
the
expected
change
of
affairs
in
England
,
which
prov'd
to
their
satisfaction
,
at
a
time
when
it
was
not
so
much
as
dream'd
of
by
us
.
There
seems
to
be
a
great
sympathy
betwixt
the
Climate
and
the
humour
of
the
English
Nation
,
the
Government
being
subject
to
as
many
Revolutions
,
as
the
weather
is
changeable
in
that
Island
,
which
,
tho'
very
frequent
here
,
yet
are
nothing
the
less
surprising
in
their
events
.
The
great
diversity
of
Religions
,
which
has
been
introduc'd
since
the
time
of
their
separation
from
the
ancient
Church
,
is
an
inexhaustible
scource
of
the
many
intestine
troubles
and
divisions
,
which
at
several
times
have
brought
this
Monarchy
to
the
very
brink
of
ruin
.
James
II.
when
Duke
of
York
,
Revolution
in
England
1688.
was
upon
the
point
of
having
been
excluded
from
the
succession
of
the
Crown
by
one
of
the
Houses
of
Parliament
,
notwithstanding
which
,
he
mounted
the
Throne
,
after
the
Death
of
his
Brother
,
with
the
general
Acclamation
of
the
People
,
at
a
time
when
he
made
publick
profession
of
the
Roman
Religion
.
This
Noble
confidence
of
not
dissembling
his
Religion
,
stood
him
in
no
small
stead
with
the
English
,
who
look'd
upon
this
his
greatness
of
mind
,
as
a
pledge
of
their
future
safety
,
and
that
his
Word
would
at
all
times
stand
inviolable
to
protect
their
Laws
and
Liberties
.
But
it
was
not
long
before
they
chang'd
their
sentiments
,
the
whole
Nation
being
alarm'd
at
the
Zeal
they
observ'd
in
him
of
advancing
the
Roman
Catholicks
,
which
was
improv'd
to
the
King's
disadvantage
by
a
contrary
Faction
,
who
nois'd
it
about
in
the
ears
of
the
People
,
that
his
main
design
was
to
overturn
their
Laws
,
and
to
establish
upon
their
ruins
an
Arbitrary
power
.
The
whole
Kingdom
being
put
into
confusion
and
fears
,
they
began
to
enter
into
an
Association
,
headed
by
the
Chief
Men
among
the
Commons
,
and
most
of
the
Nobility
,
who
under
hand
treated
with
Holland
,
and
obtain'd
powerful
succours
with
so
much
secresy
,
that
there
was
not
the
least
thing
discover'd
of
it
,
till
a
few
Months
before
the
arrival
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
at
the
head
of
an
Army
in
England
.
The
train
was
so
well
laid
,
and
the
whole
matter
so
well
tim'd
,
that
when
the
Prince
of
Orange
landed
in
Torbay
with
twenty
thousand
Men
,
both
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
flock'd
to
him
in
great
numbers
,
all
the
Cities
open'd
their
Gates
,
both
the
Fleet
and
Army
declar'd
for
him
,
and
abandon'd
their
King's
Interest
,
that
to
save
his
Life
,
or
at
least
to
preserve
his
Liberty
,
he
was
oblig'd
to
fly
and
seek
for
refuge
in
France
.
A
most
notable
instance
of
the
instability
of
all
human
greatness
!
If
this
Prince
had
accepted
of
our
King's
offers
,
Things
would
in
all
probability
never
have
been
brought
to
that
extremity
;
for
no
sooner
had
his
most
Christian
Majesty
been
advertis'd
of
what
was
in
agitation
in
Holland
,
but
he
sent
word
to
the
King
of
England
,
that
he
would
either
send
a
French
Army
to
his
assistance
,
or
else
by
giving
a
powerful
diversion
to
the
Dutch
,
prevent
their
design
against
him
.
But
the
King
of
England
,
who
flatter'd
himself
with
these
hopes
,
that
the
Prince
of
Orange
being
his
Nephew
and
Son-in-Law
,
would
scarce
be
prevail'd
upon
to
head
a
Faction
against
him
,
and
that
if
he
should
have
any
such
intention
,
his
Fleet
and
Army
were
a
sufficient
guard
to
him
against
any
attempts
of
the
Dutch
,
was
not
,
till
it
was
too
late
convinc'd
of
his
mistake
.
For
no
sooner
had
the
Prince
of
Orange
set
Foot
upon
the
English
shoar
,
but
he
found
the
whole
Nation
ready
to
receive
him
,
and
every
thing
was
thus
dispos'd
,
that
after
the
departure
of
the
King
of
England
,
the
English
Nation
shew'd
more
forwardness
in
advancing
him
to
the
Throne
,
than
he
did
,
in
all
outward
appearances
,
in
accepting
of
it
.
For
at
the
first
meeting
of
the
States
of
the
Kingdom
,
the
Throne
of
England
being
declar'd
vacant
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
was
Proclaim'd
,
Crown'd
,
K.
Will
.
III.
acknowledg'd
King
of
England
.
and
acknowledg'd
as
Lawful
King
of
England
,
not
only
by
the
English
Nation
,
and
all
the
Protestant
Princes
,
but
also
by
the
Emperor
,
Spain
,
by
the
Electors
of
Germany
,
an
all
the
other
Catholick
Princes
in
general
,
that
were
enter'd
into
the
Confederacy
.
It
having
been
always
look'd
upon
as
a
thing
past
all
dispute
among
the
Confederates
,
that
the
power
of
England
,
if
joyn'd
with
the
Confederacy
,
would
over-balance
,
or
at
least
equalize
that
of
France
;
they
now
believ'd
themselves
to
be
arriv'd
at
the
highest
pitch
of
their
prosperity
;
for
which
reason
they
boasted
in
all
places
,
that
France
would
fcarce
be
able
to
hold
out
two
or
three
Campaigns
,
after
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III.
)
should
have
joyn'd
the
Forces
of
three
Kingdoms
with
the
Confederate
Armies
.
There
were
some
who
were
foolish
enough
to
imagine
,
and
to
represent
the
Kingdom
of
France
as
reduc'd
to
the
very
brink
of
destruction
,
block'd
up
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
scarce
able
to
withstand
five
or
six
Armies
that
were
to
attack
it
on
all
sides
at
a
time
;
but
these
unexperienc'd
Politicians
were
soon
after
convinc'd
that
they
had
triumph'd
before
the
Victory
was
obtain'd
.
These
vast
preparations
made
by
the
Allies
against
France
,
rather
serv'd
to
augment
than
diminish
the
Glory
of
our
King
,
who
in
nine
Years
time
gain'd
several
Battels
,
and
took
many
of
their
best
Towns
,
some
of
which
they
have
been
forc'd
to
re-gain
with
incredible
charges
,
and
greatloss
of
their
best
Men.
However
,
Campain
in
1689.
the
Revolution
in
England
was
so
considerable
an
addition
to
the
reputation
and
strength
of
the
whole
Confederacy
,
that
the
same
appear'd
terrible
in
the
Eyes
of
all
the
World
,
except
to
our
King
,
who
was
so
far
from
being
terrify'd
by
this
unhappy
conjuncture
,
that
by
his
indefatigable
care
and
activity
,
he
surmounted
all
these
difficulties
,
which
afterwards
serv'd
only
as
an
Augmentation
of
his
Glory
.
He
receiv'd
the
King
of
England
with
all
the
imaginable
testimonies
of
generosity
,
and
demonstrations
of
honour
and
respect
,
alloting
both
to
the
King
,
and
the
Queen
his
Spouse
,
a
sufficient
allowance
to
keep
a
most
magnificent
Court
,
and
shewing
a
great
readiness
upon
all
occasions
,
to
satisfie
them
in
any
thing
they
could
desire
,
and
to
find
out
means
to
afford
t●em
seasonable
comfort
in
their
affliction
.
A
great
part
of
the
Kingdom
of
Ireland
remaining
as
yet
stedfast
in
the
Interest
of
their
King
,
our
King
without
any
delay
,
French
Forces
sent
into
Ireland
.
sent
thither
a
good
number
of
Troops
in
the
Year
1689
,
with
a
sufficient
quantity
of
Arms
,
Ammunition
,
and
other
necessaries
.
The
King
of
England
having
put
himself
at
the
head
of
these
Troops
,
in
conjunction
with
the
Irish
Forces
that
had
taken
up
Arms
for
him
,
he
advanc'd
against
the
Enemy
with
indifferent
success
,
there
happening
nothing
of
moment
all
that
Campaign
,
as
there
was
no
great
action
in
other
parts
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III.
)
judging
it
more
for
his
advantage
at
that
time
,
to
establish
himself
in
England
by
his
Presence
,
and
our
King
having
taken
a
resolution
to
be
upon
the
defensive
this
Campaign
,
the
better
to
enable
himself
to
send
more
powerful
Supplies
into
Ireland
,
and
to
try
whether
perhaps
by
some
means
or
other
,
the
Confederacy
would
not
dissolve
it self
against
the
next
Campaign
.
It
is
easie
to
be
imagin'd
,
that
among
Princes
of
so
many
different
Inclinations
and
Interests
,
the
War
is
generally
not
carry'd
on
with
the
same
Vigour
as
it
is
undertaken
,
there
being
frequent
Examples
that
the
strictest
Alliances
have
been
broken
with
as
much
ease
as
they
were
made
.
For
,
near
the
Alps
there
scarce
appear'd
any
Armies
in
the
Field
.
The
Duke
of
Noailles
took
Campredon
in
Catalonia
,
which
was
demolish'd
quickly
after
.
The
Armies
in
Flanders
did
nothing
but
look
upon
one
another
,
there
having
been
scarce
any
Action
there
abouts
all
that
Summer
,
but
the
Assault
made
upon
Wall-Court
.
This
being
a
place
of
small
defence
,
the
Marshal
d'Humiers
thought
to
have
carri'd
it
by
Storm
,
without
making
a
Breach
;
but
the
Euemies
who
were
retir'd
before
the
Marshal
,
having
posted
themselves
upon
some
eminencies
behind
the
Town
,
so
as
to
keep
a
communication
with
one
of
the
Gates
,
they
sent
from
time
to
time
as
many
fresh
Forces
as
were
requisite
to
defend
the
Place
;
so
that
the
Marshal
was
repuls'd
with
the
loss
of
five
hundred
Men
killed
and
wounded
,
among
whom
were
thirty
or
forty
Officers
,
and
many
brave
Volunteers
,
who
paid
with
their
lives
for
the
mistake
of
the
Marshal
,
who
had
been
misguided
by
his
Spies
.
The
Allies
Forces
near
the
Rhine
consisted
of
threescore
and
ten
thousand
Men
,
divided
into
three
several
Bodies
,
under
the
Command
of
Prince
Charles
of
Lorrain
,
and
the
Electors
of
Bavaria
,
Saxony
,
and
Brandenburgh
.
To
prevent
the
Enemies
taking
up
Winter-Quarters
too
near
our
Frontiers
,
we
were
oblig'd
to
ravage
all
the
Country
of
Wirtemberg
,
and
the
whole
Palatinate
,
and
to
lay
all
desolate
as
far
as
Strasburgh
.
The
Cities
of
Spires
and
Worms
were
laid
in
ashes
,
and
all
the
other
Places
thereabouts
,
of
which
we
had
taken
possession
the
Year
before
,
were
demolish'd
,
except
Mayence
,
Bonn
,
Philipsburgh
,
and
Keyserwaerth
;
the
last
of
which
being
a
small
Town
of
little
strength
upon
the
Rhine
,
was
by
Frederic
II.
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
,
(
Son
to
the
Famous
Frederic
William
,
who
died
in
May
in
the
Year
1688
)
taken
in
four
or
five
Days
.
The
City
of
Mayence
was
Besieg'd
by
the
Imperialists
,
Siege
of
Mayence
.
under
the
Command
of
Prince
Charles
of
Lorrain
,
the
Electors
of
Bavaria
and
Saxony
,
who
joyn'd
their
Forces
with
the
others
.
This
Place
was
the
Year
before
,
when
the
Elector
of
the
same
name
receiv'd
a
French
Garrison
into
the
Town
,
so
inconsiderable
in
its
Fortifications
,
that
tho'
a
great
number
of
Workmen
were
employ'd
all
the
Winter
long
to
put
them
in
a
state
of
defence
,
they
could
scarce
bring
the
Out-works
to
perfection
.
It
s
chiefest
strength
at
that
time
consisted
in
a
good
Garrison
of
nine
or
ten
thousand
Men
,
all
resolute
brave
fellows
,
who
unanimously
resolv'd
to
hold
it
out
to
the
last
extremity
.
If
it
was
Attack'd
with
all
imaginable
Vigour
,
there
has
not
been
a
Place
in
the
memory
of
Men
defended
with
more
bravery
,
In
forty
eight
days
after
opening
of
the
Trenches
,
the
Besiegers
had
only
made
one
Lodgment
upon
the
utmost
point
of
the
Counterscarp
.
The
Besieg'd
made
frequent
Sallies
at
Noon-day
,
with
their
Colours
flying
,
and
Drums
beating
,
sometimes
three
or
four
times
in
one
Day
,
within
two
hours
of
one
another
.
They
marched
out
sometimes
with
a
Body
of
two
or
three
thousand
Men
in
order
of
Battel
,
engag'd
the
Enemy
,
cut
in
pieces
those
that
guarded
the
Trenches
,
nail'd
up
their
Cannons
,
fill'd
up
their
Works
,
and
once
drove
the
Enemies
back
at
such
a
distance
from
the
Place
,
that
their
main
Horse-guard
took
Post
at
the
very
Head
of
their
Trenches
.
The
Confederates
having
often
felt
the
effects
of
the
desperate
resolution
of
the
Besieg'd
,
resolv'd
to
Attack
and
carry
the
Counterscarp
,
let
it
cost
what
it
would
.
Pursuant
to
this
resolution
,
all
their
Batteries
play'd
most
furiously
by
break
of
Day
,
and
thus
continu'd
,
till
by
the
throwing
of
certain
Bombs
,
the
Signal
was
given
for
the
Assault
.
In
a
few
moments
you
might
have
seen
the
Ground
cover'd
with
dead
Carcasses
,
the
Cannon
of
the
Besieg'd
,
their
Hand-Grenadoes
and
Bombs
,
their
Fire-Arms
,
but
especially
their
Swords
made
such
havock
among
the
Enemy
,
as
is
rather
to
be
conceiv'd
than
to
be
express'd
.
The
Assault
lasted
five
Hours
,
when
the
Besieg'dbeing
at
last
over-power'd
by
the
great
number
of
their
Enemies
,
who
without
intermission
,
seconded
their
Men
with
fresh
Troops
,
were
forc'd
to
give
way
,
and
to
leave
them
Masters
of
the
Counterscarp
,
but
with
the
loss
of
four
thousand
Men
on
the
Confederate
side
.
The
Besieg'd
having
,
besides
this
,
lost
,
during
the
Assault
,
all
their
Ammunition
,
by
a
Bomb
which
blew
up
their
Magazin
,
they
offer'd
to
try
the
next
Day
to
regain
the
Counterscarp
with
their
Swords
in
Hand
,
but
the
Marquis
d'Uxelles
,
their
Governor
,
being
unwilling
to
Sacrifice
so
many
brave
Fellows
in
the
attempt
,
beat
a
Parley
,
and
the
Allies
being
not
backward
in
granting
him
very
Honourable
Conditions
,
the
Garrison
march'd
out
of
the
Place
with
their
Colours
flying
,
and
six
pieces
of
Cannon
.
Whilst
they
were
busied
in
the
Siege
of
Mayence
,
the
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
,
Siege
of
Bonn.
who
commanded
a
separate
Body
,
Invested
Bonn.
The
Place
was
batter'd
for
two
Months
together
,
with
an
Artillery
of
an
hundred
pieces
of
Cannon
,
and
most
of
their
Houses
,
and
some
of
their
Out-Works
were
laid
level
with
the
Ground
by
the
Bombs
;
notwithstanding
which
the
Besieg'd
defended
themselves
with
a
great
deal
of
resolution
,
endeavouring
to
out-vye
the
Garrison
of
Mayence
in
the
defence
of
this
Place
;
they
were
very
successful
in
their
Sallies
,
in
one
of
which
they
miss'd
but
narrowly
of
the
Elector
himself
,
who
being
left
by
his
Guards
,
was
in
great
danger
of
having
been
carried
Prisoner
into
the
Town
.
After
the
taking
of
Mayence
,
the
Prince
of
Lorrain
march'd
with
a
considerable
reinforcement
to
Besiege
the
Place
in
due
form
,
but
could
not
make
himself
Master
of
it
till
a
Month
after
,
the
brave
Governour
Bidal
,
Baron
of
Asfelt
refusing
to
hearken
to
a
Capitulation
,
till
all
the
Out-works
were
taken
,
and
that
he
had
neither
Provision
nor
Ammunition
left
,
nay
not
so
much
as
room
enough
to
make
new
Entrenchments
behind
the
ruin'd
Bastions
.
These
two
Sieges
cost
the
Enemies
near
twenty
thousand
Men
,
and
the
remainders
of
their
Army
were
so
harass'd
,
by
these
continual
Fatigues
,
that
they
were
forc'd
to
seek
for
Winter-quarters
in
October
following
,
in
their
own
Territories
.
The
bravery
the
French
had
shewn
in
the
vigorous
defence
of
these
places
made
such
a
noise
in
the
World
,
Campaign
of
1690.
that
most
People
began
to
alter
their
opinion
concerning
the
success
of
the
Confederacy
,
who
had
been
forc'd
to
buy
their
Conquests
at
so
excessive
a
rate
.
But
all
the
World
stood
amaz'd
when
they
saw
the
King's
Arms
Crown'd
with
Victories
on
all
sides
in
the
next
following
Campaign
.
The
Confederate
Army
in
Flanders
consisted
at
that
time
of
forty
thousand
Men
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Count
of
Waldeck
,
an
old
General
,
and
in
great
esteem
among
them
.
The
Duke
of
Luxemburgh
General
of
the
King's
Army
at
the
same
time
in
Flanders
,
Commanded
a
Body
not
inferiour
in
number
to
the
Confederates
,
and
being
come
within
sight
of
them
,
prepar'd
to
Attack
them
,
according
to
the
King's
Orders
,
at
Noon-day
,
being
the
first
of
July
.
Victory
of
Fleurus
.
The
Enemy
having
posted
themselves
as
advantageously
as
the
time
and
ground
would
give
them
leave
,
with
their
Infantry
in
the
Center
,
cover'd
on
both
sides
by
their
Horse
;
they
fir'd
prodigiously
on
us
for
a
whole
Hour
,
their
Cannon
charg'd
with
Cartruches
,
making
most
terrible
havock
among
our
Troops
as
they
were
advancing
against
them
;
but
this
was
their
main
effort
;
For
their
right
Wing
being
broken
at
the
first
Onset
,
the
left
did
not
hold
out
long
;
the
Cavalry
soon
gave
way
,
but
their
Infantry
charg'd
three
times
with
a
great
deal
of
Bravery
,
till
they
were
put
to
the
rout
in
the
fourth
,
when
what
escap'd
the
Sword
,
retir'd
and
shelter'd
themselves
in
the
adjacent
Woods
.
The
loss
of
the
Enemy
amounted
to
six
thousand
kill'd
upon
the
spot
,
and
five
thousand
wounded
,
and
near
eight
thousand
that
were
made
Prisoners
of
War
,
among
whom
were
nine
hundred
Officers
.
We
took
from
them
forty
nine
pieces
of
Cannon
,
fourscore
and
twelve
Standards
,
eight
pair
of
Kettle
Drums
,
and
an
hundred
and
fifty
Waggons
loaden
with
Ammunition
.
We
had
on
our
side
three
thousand
killed
or
wounded
,
among
whom
were
many
Persons
of
note
,
who
were
much
lamented
.
After
the
loss
of
this
Battle
,
the
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
came
with
a
strong
reinforcement
to
joyn
the
broken
remainders
of
this
Army
,
but
they
did
nothing
further
this
Campaign
than
to
pillage
Flanders
,
Victory
at
Sea
.
which
after
this
Battle
became
a
prey
both
to
Friends
and
Foes
.
Scarce
ten
Days
were
expir'd
after
this
Victory
,
when
the
King's
Arms
were
bless'd
with
another
at
Sea
,
over
the
Confederate
Fleet
of
the
English
and
Dutch.
In
the
Reign
of
Henry
IV.
there
was
not
one
Galley
or
Man
of
War
in
all
the
Ports
of
France
.
King
Lewis
XIII
.
was
the
first
who
began
to
settle
our
Maritime
affairs
,
which
yet
he
left
but
in
a
very
indifferent
condition
.
The
present
King
,
immediately
after
his
accession
to
the
Crown
,
spar'd
no
costs
to
draw
into
France
from
the
Neighbouring
Countries
,
as
many
able
Seamen
and
good
Officers
as
he
could
;
notwithstanding
which
,
his
Naval
strength
was
for
a
considerable
time
much
inferiour
to
the
English
or
Dutch
,
till
in
the
Year
1681
,
he
gave
such
effectual
Encouragement
to
the
Seamen
,
that
in
the
same
Year
threescore
thousand
of
them
were
Registred
,
of
whom
twenty
thousand
are
in
their
turns
employ'd
in
the
King's
Service
,
and
the
other
forty
thousand
in
Merchant-Men
.
His
next
care
was
to
encourage
the
building
Men
of
War
,
to
keep
his
Ports
in
such
a
condition
,
as
to
be
able
to
contain
a
good
number
of
stout
Ships
,
and
to
erect
Magazins
in
convenient
places
with
all
sorts
of
Naval
Stores
,
in
all
which
he
succeeded
so
well
,
that
without
reckoning
thirty
Galleys
,
which
he
always
maintain'd
in
the
Mediterranean
,
he
had
a
Fleet
of
an
hundred
Men
of
War
for
the
line
of
Battle
,
in
the
Year
1690
,
in
the
Ocean
,
so
well
equip'd
and
provided
with
every
thing
,
that
there
were
some
,
who
affirm'd
,
that
one
of
ours
was
equivalent
to
three
of
the
Enemies
.
The
King
had
no
sooner
receiv'd
intelligence
that
the
English
and
Dutch
Fleets
were
joyn'd
in
the
Channel
,
but
he
immediately
dispatch'd
his
Orders
to
the
Count
of
Tourville
Vice-Admiral
in
the
Levant
to
fight
them
.
The
Count
de
Tourville
is
a
younger
brother
of
a
Family
in
Normandy
,
a
Man
of
Fortune
,
The
Count
de
Tourville
.
but
who
in
lieu
of
an
Estate
,
had
all
the
Qualities
belonging
to
a
great
Commander
,
so
that
even
in
his
younger
days
,
he
gave
all
the
imaginable
hopes
of
becoming
one
Day
one
of
the
best
Sea
Commanders
this
Age
has
produc'd
since
the
Death
of
de
Ruiter
and
Duquesne
,
and
his
gallant
Actions
have
been
most
evident
demonstrations
to
the
World
,
that
if
he
did
not
surpass
them
,
he
alone
did
not
fall
short
of
them
both
.
The
Enemies
Fleet
consisted
of
thirty
Fire-ships
,
as
many
Frigats
,
and
fourscore
Men
of
War
.
The
French
Fleet
was
not
above
threescore
and
fifteen
Men
of
War
for
the
Line
of
Battle
,
besides
twenty
Fireships
,
six
Frigats
,
and
twenty
other
Ships
loaden
with
Provisions
and
other
necessaries
.
The
Enemies
had
the
Wind
of
us
for
seven
days
together
,
but
shew'd
no
inclination
to
come
to
an
Engagement
,
but
not
being
able
to
avoid
it
at
last
,
Engagement
at
Sea
with
the
English
and
Dutch.
they
made
towards
us
,
being
favour'd
by
the
Tide
.
They
were
receiv'd
by
the
French
with
an
unparallell'd
bravery
,
the
Count
de
Tourville
,
and
all
the
rest
of
the
Sea-Commanders
shewing
upon
this
occasion
,
their
utmost
skill
in
the
management
of
a
Sea-Engagement
,
which
lasted
seven
hours
,
and
did
not
cease
till
the
Enemies
bore
away
towards
their
own
Coast
.
The
loss
on
our
side
was
very
inconsiderable
,
one
of
their
Bombs
carried
away
the
Stern
of
one
of
the
King's
Ships
,
the
rest
receiv'd
very
little
damage
.
There
being
not
one
among
them
that
had
lost
her
Masts
.
The
Enemies
had
at
least
four
thousand
Men
kill'd
in
this
Action
.
The
English
bearing
away
in
good
time
,
came
off
without
much
loss
,
on
their
side
,
but
the
Hollanders
fighting
like
Lions
,
we
took
one
of
their
Ships
of
sixty
Guns
;
another
was
sunk
,
and
a
third
burnt
;
besides
,
there
were
twelve
more
of
their
best
Ships
so
much
disabled
,
in
their
Masts
and
Riggings
,
that
not
being
able
to
carry
them
off
,
they
were
forc'd
to
sink
and
to
burn
them
.
The
Count
de
Tourville
pursu'd
them
for
two
days
after
,
and
would
in
all
probability
have
destroy'd
their
whole
Fleet
,
if
the
Wind
had
not
turn'd
against
him
,
which
gave
the
Enemy
opportunity
to
bring
the
rest
of
their
Ships
into
a
place
of
security
.
This
disgrace
put
the
Enemies
into
no
small
consternation
,
forasmuch
as
they
had
flatter'd
themselves
that
they
were
much
superiour
to
us
at
Sea
,
and
that
no
body
hitherto
had
been
bold
enough
to
dispute
with
them
the
Sovereignty
of
the
Sea
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
Willian
III.
)
laying
the
cause
of
this
disaster
to
the
mismanagement
of
the
English
Admiral
,
he
was
tryed
and
acquitted
of
what
was
laid
to
his
charge
.
But
,
whilst
the
English
and
Dutch
made
heavy
complaints
on
both
sides
,
laying
the
loss
of
the
Battle
at
one
anothers
Doors
,
the
French
obtain'd
another
signal
Victory
about
five
Weeks
after
,
being
the
eighteenth
Day
of
August
.
For
the
Spanish
Auxiliaries
,
Defeat
of
the
Duke
of
Savoy
.
with
a
good
Body
of
Imperial
Troops
having
joyn'd
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
he
took
the
Field
,
and
after
several
marches
and
counter-marches
,
encamped
boldly
within
sight
of
the
French
Army
,
being
cover'd
on
the
Right
by
a
large
Wood
,
on
the
Left
by
boggy
Grounds
,
and
having
in
the
Front
a
small
Rivulet
.
Both
the
Armies
were
near
equal
in
number
,
that
of
the
Allies
being
Commanded
,
under
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
by
some
of
their
best
Officers
.
The
Sieur
de
Catinat
,
Commander
in
Chief
of
the
French
in
those
parts
,
appear'd
the
first
time
in
this
Campaign
at
the
Head
of
a
great
Army
;
He
was
descended
from
a
Family
that
ow'd
its
Off-spring
to
the
Gown
,
but
by
his
many
Services
render'd
himself
not
inferiour
to
any
of
our
age
,
that
have
rais'd
their
Families
by
the
Sword
.
This
wise
General
having
taken
a
view
of
,
and
found
a
passage
thro'
the
Boggs
,
attack'd
the
Enemy
on
that
side
with
incredible
bravery
,
that
their
left
Wing
was
brought
immediately
into
confusion
;
the
right
Wing
held
it
out
for
some
time
after
,
but
being
likewise
broken
at
last
,
a
great
slaughter
ensued
,
most
of
their
Infantry
being
cut
to
pieces
,
and
their
Cavalry
sav'd
themselves
by
repassing
the
River
Po
,
leaving
the
Field
,
and
their
whole
Artillery
,
(
except
one
piece
of
Cannon
,
which
was
thrown
into
the
River
)
with
I
all
their
Ammunition
and
many
Colours
and
Standards
to
the
mercy
of
the
Enemy
.
Four
thousand
of
them
were
kill'd
upon
the
spot
;
whereas
on
our
side
we
had
not
above
an
hundred
and
fifty
dead
,
and
four
hundred
wounded
Men.
The
Conquest
of
Savoy
,
which
with
some
part
of
Piedmont
submitted
immediately
after
to
our
King
,
was
the
first
Fruit
of
this
Victory
.
For
Saluzzas
open'd
its
Gates
the
very
next
Day
after
the
Battle
;
The
Town
and
Castle
of
Suza
surrender'd
soon
after
,
so
that
we
remained
Masters
of
the
Field
,
and
all
the
flat
Country
,
till
the
time
of
withdrawing
our
Forces
for
the
conveniency
of
our
Winter-Quarters
.
As
we
had
been
successful
even
beyond
hopes
near
the
Alps
,
so
there
pass'd
nothing
of
moment
near
the
Rhine
,
the
Germans
being
very
careful
in
avoiding
an
Engagement
.
For
,
no
sooner
had
they
receiv'd
intelligence
,
that
the
Dauphin
had
passed
the
Rhine
,
but
they
intrench'd
themselves
so
strongly
on
the
other
side
the
River
Neckar
,
that
it
was
impossible
to
force
them
in
their
Post
,
or
to
bring
them
to
an
Engagement
.
Thus
this
Campaign
would
have
prov'd
as
successful
as
any
since
the
beginning
of
the
War
,
if
the
French
Troops
in
Ireland
under
the
Command
of
the
King
of
England
,
had
met
with
the
same
success
on
that
side
.
For
after
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III.
Battle
fought
in
Ireland
near
the
Boyne
in
July
.
)
had
taken
a
resolution
to
pass
over
into
that
Island
in
Person
,
to
reduce
it
to
his
Obedience
,
he
gave
Battle
to
the
Irish
within
twenty
Days
after
his
arrival
,
near
the
River
Boyne
.
Seven
thousand
French
,
seconded
by
the
Irish
Horse
,
who
behav'd
themselves
very
well
,
sustain'd
for
some
time
the
whole
power
of
the
Enemy
;
but
the
Irish
Foot
being
immediately
brought
into
confusion
,
the
rest
were
entirely
routed
.
The
loss
of
this
battle
put
the
whole
Kingdom
into
such
a
consternation
,
that
the
King
of
England
not
thinking
himself
secure
there
,
immediately
repass'd
the
Seas
,
and
arriv'd
safely
at
Brest
.
The
Marshal
and
Duke
of
Schomberg
,
who
had
acquir'd
immortal
Glory
whilst
he
was
in
our
King's
Service
,
was
kill'd
in
the
Engagement
.
His
obstinate
perseverance
in
the
Calvinism
had
oblig'd
him
to
quit
France
,
and
to
engage
himself
in
the
Service
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III.
)
who
also
receiv'd
a
slight
hurt
.
About
five
Weeks
after
the
Battle
he
besieg'd
Limerick
.
The
Garrison
of
the
Town
consisted
of
near
six
thousand
French
,
under
the
Command
of
Monsieur
de
Boisleleau
,
Captain
of
our
King's
Guards
,
who
had
,
after
the
last
Engagement
,
thrown
themselves
into
the
Place
.
The
Siege
was
carried
on
with
the
utmost
Vigour
,
but
by
the
bravery
of
the
Garrison
,
and
the
help
of
fresh
Supplies
brought
into
the
Place
,
together
with
the
scarcity
of
Forage
,
continual
Rains
,
and
sickness
that
had
infected
the
Camp
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III.
)
was
oblig'd
to
raise
the
Siege
.
After
his
return
into
England
he
appli'd
all
his
care
to
make
the
necessary
preparations
for
sending
a
considerable
Body
of
his
Troops
into
Flanders
,
Campaign
in
1691.
and
to
appear
at
the
Head
of
them
in
Person
,
for
fear
least
some
of
the
Allies
might
in
his
absence
enter
upon
a
separate
Treaty
with
France
.
He
was
met
at
the
Hague
by
the
Electors
of
Bavaria
,
and
Brandenburgh
,
by
the
Landtgraves
of
Hesse
,
three
Dukes
of
the
House
of
Brunswick
,
Congress
at
the
Hague
.
besides
thirty
other
Princes
;
by
the
Governor
of
the
Spanish
Netherlands
,
the
Emperor's
Envoy
,
those
of
Spain
,
and
several
other
Electors
,
and
of
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
and
all
the
General
Officers
,
who
were
at
this
Council
of
War
,
to
concert
measures
concerning
the
operations
of
the
next
Campaign
.
But
whilst
they
spent
their
time
in
debates
,
they
receiv'd
the
unexpected
News
that
the
City
of
Mons
had
been
invested
by
the
French
on
the
fifteenth
of
March
,
and
that
the
King
was
expected
in
the
Camp
by
the
twentieth
or
one
and
twentieth
of
the
same
Month.
This
sudden
News
,
like
a
Thunderclap
,
dispers'd
the
whole
Congress
.
Most
of
the
Princes
there
present
return'd
straightways
into
their
respective
Countries
,
either
because
they
did
not
think
it
convenient
to
be
Spectators
of
the
taking
of
the
Place
,
or
to
hasten
their
Troops
to
march
to
the
relief
of
it
.
The
City
of
Mons
is
situate
upon
a
rising
ground
,
surrounded
with
Boggs
,
and
consequently
strong
,
both
by
Art
and
Nature
.
It
is
a
very
large
Town
provided
with
good
Out-Works
,
having
three
several
Ditches
,
which
are
always
full
of
Water
,
by
means
of
some
Sluyces
built
for
that
purpose
.
There
was
within
the
Place
a
very
good
Artillery
,
the
Inhabitants
were
train'd
up
in
all
sorts
of
Military
Exercises
,
and
the
Garrison
consisted
of
five
or
six
thousand
Men
,
all
well
disciplin'd
Troops
.
But
the
time
of
the
Winter-Quarters
being
not
expir'd
,
most
of
the
Officers
were
absent
from
their
Commands
,
and
the
Lines
of
circumvallation
were
so
well
guarded
,
that
notwithstanding
all
their
endeavours
,
not
one
of
them
got
into
the
place
.
The
Lines
being
brought
to
perfection
,
the
Cannon
began
to
play
from
the
Batteries
with
incredible
fury
,
one
battery
seconding
the
other
without
intermission
,
and
with
so
much
dispatch
,
that
by
the
confession
of
the
most
expert
Engineers
,
never
any
Artillery
did
greater
execution
.
Siege
of
Mons.
Four
and
twenty
Mortars
,
and
sixty
pieces
of
great
Cannon
were
continually
employ'd
against
the
Place
;
there
was
above
a
million
of
Powder
laid
up
in
the
Camp
for
the
supply
of
them
;
so
that
where-ever
you
turn'd
your
Eyes
you
saw
nothing
but
Bombs
and
hot
Bullets
flying
in
the
Air
,
which
set
the
whole
City
on
Fire
,
so
that
you
might
behold
the
Flames
rise
beyond
the
tops
of
the
highest
Steeples
.
The
King
was
Day
and
Night
in
motion
,
there
passed
not
a
Day
but
that
he
visited
the
Trenches
once
or
twice
,
encouraging
by
his
presence
every
one
in
his
station
to
do
his
Duty
,
with
such
success
,
that
both
the
Officers
and
Soldiers
shewed
so
much
eagerness
in
out-braving
one
another
,
that
the
King
,
to
moderate
their
heat
,
saw
himself
oblig'd
to
forbid
them
not
to
work
uncover'd
,
and
to
carry
their
Fascins
(
as
they
did
frequently
)
at
Noon
day
,
in
spite
of
the
continual
fire
of
the
Garrison
,
to
the
Trenches
;
for
they
seem'd
to
have
put
their
chief
hopes
in
their
Artillery
,
they
having
not
made
one
Salley
during
the
whole
Siege
.
The
only
place
which
was
defended
with
much
gallantry
was
a
Horn-Work
,
which
the
French
,
making
their
way
thro'
the
Granadoes
and
Carcasses
of
the
Enemy
,
which
fell
as
thick
as
Hall
among
them
,
carried
with
Sword
in
Hand
.
The
Citizens
of
Mons
were
all
along
in
hopes
that
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III.
)
would
come
to
their
relief
;
and
in
effect
he
march'd
with
an
Army
of
forty
thousand
Men
as
far
as
Hall
,
within
six
Leagues
of
Mons
,
but
finding
himself
not
strong
enough
to
Attack
our
King
,
he
remain'd
in
that
post
till
after
the
Surrender
of
the
Place
,
which
finding
it self
not
in
a
condition
to
sustain
a
General
Assault
,
came
to
a
Capitulation
,
after
a
Siege
of
sixteen
Days
.
After
the
taking
of
Mons
,
the
Troops
on
both
sides
return'd
to
their
Winter-Quarters
,
and
the
following
Campaign
was
spent
in
marches
and
counter
marches
,
without
any
remarkable
Action
.
The
Confederates
had
boasted
ever
since
the
beginning
of
this
Summer
,
that
they
would
Besiege
some
Place
or
other
in
Flanders
;
they
Attack'd
Beaumont
,
a
small
Place
without
defence
,
the
Garrison
consisting
only
of
one
hundred
and
fifty
Men.
This
done
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III.
)
leaving
the
Army
in
Flanders
to
the
Conduct
of
his
General
Officers
,
went
to
the
Hague
,
in
order
to
his
return
into
England
;
but
at
the
same
time
that
he
imagin'd
the
Campaign
to
be
over
,
he
receiv'd
the
unwelcome
News
of
the
defeat
of
his
Cavalry
.
The
Marshal
of
Luxemburgh
had
so
narrowly
observ'd
the
motions
of
the
Confederate
Army
for
some
time
,
Engagement
near
Leuze
.
that
on
the
eighteenth
of
September
he
found
an
opportunity
to
fall
in
their
Rear
.
He
advanc'd
with
eighteen
Squadrons
,
at
the
head
of
whom
were
the
Troops
of
the
King's
Houshold
towards
the
Enemy
,
who
with
threescore
and
fifteen
Squadrons
,
posted
in
three
Lines
,
covered
with
a
deep
Ditch
,
and
a
Rivulet
on
each
side
,
received
us
very
briskly
:
But
the
Troops
of
the
King's
Houshold
advancing
without
fireing
,
receiv'd
the
Enemies
first
discharge
at
twelve
paces
distant
,
when
breaking
in
upon
them
only
with
Swords
in
Hand
,
they
attacked
them
so
furiously
,
that
the
first
Squadrons
were
immediately
brought
into
confusion
,
after
they
had
returned
four
several
times
to
the
Charge
.
The
Enemies
loss
amounted
to
fifteen
hundred
,
besides
which
we
took
three
hundred
Prisoners
,
and
forty
Standards
.
Their
whole
Cavalry
was
engaged
in
this
Action
,
except
five
or
six
Squadrons
,
which
being
posted
too
near
their
Infantry
,
we
durst
not
attack
them
.
This
brave
Action
was
perform'd
only
with
the
loss
of
four
hundred
Men
killed
and
wounded
on
our
side
.
In
all
other
places
the
King's
Arms
were
Crown'd
with
the
same
success
.
The
Duke
of
Noailles
had
Conquer'd
the
whole
County
of
Sardagne
.
The
Marshal
de
Lorges
had
ravag'd
the
German
Territories
,
and
had
by
continual
marches
so
harassed
the
Confederate
Army
on
that
side
,
commanded
by
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
that
without
striking
one
stroke
they
were
ruined
for
want
of
Forage
and
Provisions
.
The
Marshal
de
Catinat
(
I
call
him
so
at
present
,
tho'
he
was
not
invested
with
that
Dignity
till
two
Years
after
)
had
since
the
Month
of
March
taken
Villa
Franca
in
less
than
fifteen
Hours
;
the
Town
and
Castle
of
Nice
in
five
Days
after
opening
of
the
Trenches
.
Villa
Franca
is
a
very
good
Port
,
and
the
only
one
in
Piedmont
.
The
Castle
of
Nice
is
one
of
the
strongest
in
Europe
,
built
upon
a
Rock
surrounded
on
all
sides
with
precipices
.
But
both
their
Magazins
being
blown
up
with
Bombs
,
and
five
hundred
of
their
Men
kill'd
,
the
Governor
was
forc'd
to
Capitulate
.
After
the
taking
of
Nice
,
Carmagnole
and
Veillane
surrender'd
at
the
first
Summons
.
Coni
was
likewise
besieg'd
to
open
our
way
to
Turin
;
but
he
that
commanded
in
Chief
being
terrified
,
raised
the
Siege
with
much
precipitation
,
before
he
could
be
reinforc'd
with
necessary
Supplies
.
But
the
Duke
of
Savoy
had
no
better
success
before
Suza
;
for
tho'
he
receiv'd
a
considerable
reinforcement
of
Brandenburghers
,
yet
he
was
forc'd
to
quit
the
Enterprise
at
the
approach
of
our
Army
.
The
Marshal
de
Catinat
to
put
a
glorious
end
to
this
Fortunate
Campaign
,
and
to
make
himself
Master
of
the
Chief
and
only
remaining
Key
both
of
Savoy
and
Piedmont
,
besieged
Montmelian
about
the
middle
of
November
.
This
so
famous
Fortress
defended
it self
very
courageously
;
but
the
French
,
in
spite
of
the
bravery
of
their
Enemies
,
and
the
rigour
and
inconveniencies
of
a
far
advanced
Season
,
forc'd
the
Garrison
to
a
surrender
,
after
a
Months
Siege
.
All
these
most
glorious
Conquests
were
look'd
upon
as
inconsiderable
,
in
respect
of
the
hopes
we
had
conceiv'd
of
the
restauration
of
the
King
of
England
.
Gampaign
in
1692.
But
we
found
our selves
frustrated
in
our
expectation
.
The
hour
of
this
Prince
,
was
,
as
it
seems
,
not
yet
come
,
and
all
the
efforts
made
on
our
side
in
order
to
assist
him
in
his
design
,
serv'd
for
nothing
else
but
to
give
us
new
proofs
of
the
aversion
of
his
People
towards
him
,
and
that
his
ill
Stars
were
as
powerful
as
ever
to
render
him
unfortunate
.
He
had
lately
lost
the
Kingdom
of
Ireland
,
which
was
Conquer'd
by
one
of
the
Prince
of
Orange's
(
King
William
III.
)
Generals
,
who
had
taken
Limerick
,
and
oblig'd
the
French
Forces
to
return
into
France
.
In
recompense
of
this
loss
he
was
buoyed
up
the
next
following
Spring
,
of
being
suddenly
restor'd
to
his
Throne
.
There
were
many
of
his
Adherents
and
Creatures
left
in
England
,
besides
a
good
many
of
his
old
Servants
who
being
employ'd
in
bringing
over
the
Officers
of
the
English
Army
and
Fleet
to
their
side
,
perswaded
themselves
to
have
managed
matters
with
so
much
dexterity
,
that
it
was
impossible
to
fail
in
the
Enterprise
.
Full
of
these
hopes
,
this
Prince
craved
assistance
from
our
King
,
who
granted
him
a
good
Fleet
,
and
a
sufficient
number
of
Land-Forces
to
be
transported
into
England
.
Then
he
marched
with
his
Troops
into
Normandy
,
expecting
the
success
of
our
Fleet
,
which
under
the
Command
of
the
Count
de
Tourville
,
Vice-Admiral
of
France
,
was
gone
to
Sea
in
quest
of
the
Enemy
.
But
we
found
our selves
soon
mistaken
in
our
fond
expectations
,
for
the
English
were
so
far
from
running
before
us
,
or
to
declare
for
the
King
of
England
,
(
as
we
had
been
perswaded
they
would
)
that
they
gave
Tourville
a
very
warm
reception
.
Loss
of
fifteen
Fr.
Men
of
War
in
May.
The
French
Fleet
was
much
inferiour
in
number
to
the
Enemies
,
consisting
only
of
forty
four
.
Men
of
War
for
the
Line
of
Battle
,
whereas
the
Confederate
Fleet
was
fourscore
and
ten
strong
.
Notwithstanding
this
great
inequality
,
the
French
Attack'd
them
so
briskly
,
that
for
three
hours
together
they
had
the
advantage
over
the
Enemies
,
who
were
extreamly
damnified
in
their
Masts
and
Rigging
,
lost
one
of
their
Ships
,
which
was
sunk
,
and
most
of
their
Fireships
,
whereas
we
lost
not
one
Ship
during
the
whole
Engagement
.
Both
Fleets
being
separated
by
a
thick
Fog
and
the
Night
,
Tourville
fearing
,
not
without
reason
,
that
considering
the
inequality
of
their
Forces
,
he
should
not
be
in
a
condition
to
cope
with
the
Confederate
Fleet
a
second
time
,
thought
it
most
advisable
to
take
this
opportunity
of
making
the
best
of
his
way
towards
the
French
Coast
.
But
his
Fleet
being
separated
by
the
darkness
of
the
Night
,
one
and
twenty
of
his
biggest
Ships
gain'd
the
Port
of
St.
Malo
,
where
they
were
sufficiently
secur'd
against
any
attempt
of
the
Enemy
:
But
fifteen
others
not
being
able
to
steer
the
same
course
,
by
reason
of
the
contrary
Winds
,
were
so
closely
pursued
,
that
being
in
danger
of
being
taken
,
they
run
a-shoar
,
and
after
having
taken
out
all
their
Cannon
,
and
most
of
their
Rigging
,
the
French
set
fire
to
them
,
rather
than
to
leave
them
a
prey
to
the
English
and
Dutch.
Nothing
is
more
common
in
the
World
than
to
lay
the
ill
success
of
an
Enterprise
at
the
Door
of
him
who
has
had
the
supream
Direction
and
Management
of
it
,
most
People
looking
upon
a
disaster
of
this
nature
to
proceed
chiefly
from
the
ill
Conduct
of
the
General
;
whereas
they
attribute
the
happy
success
of
a
Battle
merely
to
Fortune
.
But
it
must
be
confess'd
,
that
Tourville
had
the
satisfaction
to
hear
his
Enemies
give
him
this
Character
;
That
he
had
acquitted
himself
upon
this
Occasion
as
a
great
Commander
.
But
the
taking
of
Namur
did
surprise
the
Confederacy
and
all
Europe
in
such
a
manner
,
Siege
of
Namur
by
the
French
.
that
our
success
in
Flanders
soon
effaced
the
remembrance
of
the
disgrace
received
at
Sea
.
Namur
is
situated
at
the
confluence
of
two
Rivers
;
the
City
lies
in
a
Plain
;
the
Castle
is
built
upon
a
Rock
,
both
are
very
regularly
fortified
;
this
being
one
of
the
most
considerable
places
in
all
Flanders
for
its
Situation
,
and
of
such
consequence
,
that
in
the
last
Age
,
this
being
the
only
Place
in
the
Netherlands
remaining
in
the
Spaniards
Hands
,
they
by
the
help
of
it
,
recover'd
all
the
rest
of
the
Low-Countries
,
which
have
been
in
their
possession
since
.
The
several
Works
belonging
to
the
Castle
were
like
so
many
Citadels
,
each
of
them
being
provided
with
its
Out-Works
,
Ditch
,
a
particular
Garrison
and
Commander
.
In
the
Fort
William
alone
was
a
Garrison
of
two
thousand
Men
,
and
a
train
of
Artillery
,
sufficient
to
defend
a
great
City
.
These
Forts
being
built
upon
an
assent
which
reaches
up
to
the
body
of
the
Castle
command
one
another
.
And
defend
the
avenues
leading
to
it
.
At
the
time
when
it
was
besieged
by
the
King
,
the
Place
was
provided
with
a
Garrison
of
eight
or
nine
thousand
Men
,
with
great
store
of
Ammunition
and
Provision
of
all
sorts
,
under
the
bravest
and
most
expert
Officers
among
the
Confederates
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III.
)
was
at
that
time
in
Flanders
,
and
the
Confederates
were
so
numerous
on
that
side
that
they
could
bring
together
an
Army
of
an
hundred
thousand
Men.
But
all
these
obstacles
were
not
capable
of
altering
the
King's
resolution
,
who
,
after
every
thing
was
in
a
readiness
for
the
carrying
on
of
so
great
an
Enterprise
,
ordered
two
separate
Armies
to
take
the
Field
in
Flanders
;
the
less
numerous
of
the
two
was
employed
in
the
Siege
,
the
other
to
cover
it
against
any
attempt
of
the
Enemy
.
These
two
Armies
consumed
every
Day
two
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
Rations
of
Bread
,
and
thirty
thousand
French
bushels
of
Oats
,
allowing
half
a
bushel
for
each
Horse
a
Day
.
And
the
King
had
taken
such
sure
measures
as
to
all
the
necessary
Supplies
,
that
as
long
as
the
Siege
lasted
,
there
was
always
in
both
Camps
no
less
than
for
fifteen
Days
Provision
.
Twenty
thousand
Pioneers
were
employed
in
making
the
Lines
of
circumvallation
and
contravallation
,
and
the
Trenches
were
opened
in
three
Days
after
.
The
City
made
at
first
a
vigorous
Defence
,
but
capitulated
on
the
eighth
Day
,
finding
it self
not
in
a
condition
to
sustain
a
general
Assault
.
The
surrender
of
the
City
made
the
Enemy
fear
,
that
the
Castle
,
tho'
accounted
impregnable
,
might
follow
the
example
of
the
City
;
for
which
reason
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
(
King
William
III.
)
Count
Waldeck
General
of
the
Dutch
Forces
,
and
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
,
who
had
lately
been
made
Governour
of
the
remaining
part
of
the
Spanish
Netherlands
,
advanced
and
posted
themselves
near
the
Banks
of
the
River
Meheigne
.
These
three
Bodies
made
together
an
Army
of
near
an
hundred
thousand
Men
,
which
was
continually
in
motion
to
intercept
our
Convoys
,
or
to
endeavour
to
force
our
Quarters
,
if
they
should
find
an
opportunity
.
The
Marshal
de
Luxemburgh
,
not
inferiour
in
number
to
the
Confederates
,
being
encamped
on
rising
Ground
on
the
other
side
the
Meheigne
,
at
about
half
a
Leagues
distance
from
the
River
,
expected
them
in
good
order
,
there
being
a
large
Plain
betwixt
them
and
the
Enemy
.
But
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III.
)
had
either
no
inclination
to
hazard
a
Battle
,
or
else
could
not
meet
with
a
favourable
opportunity
to
put
his
design
in
execution
;
for
he
caused
five
or
six
several
times
Bridges
to
be
laid
over
the
River
,
but
they
were
immediately
broken
down
again
.
Thus
these
two
great
Armies
encamped
within
sight
of
one
another
for
a
whole
Month
,
exactly
observing
and
following
one
another's
motions
,
frequently
saluting
one
another
with
their
Cannon
,
without
coming
to
handy-blows
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Siege
was
carried
on
with
all
imaginable
vigour
,
the
King
not
only
giving
his
Directions
upon
all
occasions
of
moment
,
but
also
seeing
them
put
in
execution
.
Being
seiz'd
with
the
Gout
when
they
were
just
ready
to
attack
a
covert
way
,
he
caused
himself
to
be
carried
in
a
Chair
to
a
certain
Place
,
from
whence
he
could
see
all
what
passed
,
and
give
the
necessary
Orders
,
as
occasion
should
require
.
Here
it
was
that
Lewis
Alexander
Count
of
Tholouse
was
wounded
by
his
side
.
It
was
observable
that
there
did
not
appear
the
least
change
in
this
young
Prince's
Countenance
at
this
mishap
,
a
happy
presage
of
those
many
courageous
Actions
,
he
has
since
that
time
given
such
eminent
proofs
of
in
the
following
Campaigns
.
The
King's
Forces
being
animated
by
his
Presence
,
and
Example
,
never
behaved
themselves
so
well
in
any
Siege
whatever
,
giving
every
Day
innumerable
demonstrations
of
their
Courage
and
Patience
,
for
the
besieged
fired
without
intermission
.
The
weather
was
extreamly
bad
during
the
whole
Siege
,
the
Soldiers
being
continually
fatigu'd
by
the
Rains
and
Tempests
;
besides
which
,
they
met
with
so
many
Rocks
in
the
carrying
on
of
the
Trenches
,
that
they
could
advance
but
slowly
,
and
with
a
great
deal
of
difficulty
,
they
being
forc'd
to
carry
them
round
about
several
great
Hills
,
and
large
Valleys
,
which
took
up
a
vast
compass
.
But
all
these
obstacles
served
only
to
augment
the
Patience
and
Courage
of
our
Soldiers
.
It
was
next
to
a
prodigy
to
see
some
of
them
crawl
up
boldly
to
the
Breaches
,
and
to
endeavour
to
keep
their
Post
only
with
their
Swords
in
Hand
,
against
a
vast
number
of
Enemies
,
who
powered
whole
showers
of
small-shot
at
them
,
whilst
they
return'd
them
as
many
Hand-Granadoes
as
they
were
able
to
throw
.
The
first
and
the
bravest
Action
that
happened
in
the
whole
Siege
was
near
a
certain
Eminency
,
where
the
Enemy
having
strongly
Entrenched
themselves
,
we
were
forc'd
to
drive
them
from
that
Post
before
we
could
open
our
Trenches
before
the
Castle
.
The
King's
Troops
attack'd
them
with
Sword
in
Hand
,
and
Bayonetts
in
their
Fusees
:
They
fired
very
briskly
from
their
Entrenchments
,
which
our
Troops
having
sustained
with
great
bravery
,
the
Enemy
at
their
approach
quitted
the
Post
,
after
they
had
lost
two
or
three
hundred
Men.
Within
six
Days
after
we
forc'd
their
retrenchments
and
redoubts
of
the
Hermitage
.
The
Fort
William
defended
it self
ten
Days
:
On
the
tenth
we
carried
the
Covert-way
,
not
without
great
slaughter
on
both
sides
,
when
the
Dutch
Garrison
came
immediately
to
a
Capitulation
.
This
done
there
was
remaining
as
yet
the
Castle
with
all
its
Out-works
.
This
was
the
most
difficult
task
,
but
by
the
King's
presence
the
Works
were
carried
on
so
vigorously
,
that
in
five
Days
time
we
made
an
Assault
upon
the
Counterscarp
.
The
Besieged
defended
themselves
with
all
the
courage
imaginable
,
but
were
at
last
forced
to
way
to
the
numbers
of
the
Besiegers
,
who
were
from
time
to
time
seconded
with
fresh
Troops
;
soon
after
all
their
Cannon
being
dismounted
,
one
of
their
chief
Magazins
blown
up
by
two
of
our
Bombs
,
and
another
being
fallen
into
the
great
Cistern
which
furnished
the
Castle
with
Water
,
and
our
Mines
ready
to
spring
under
one
of
the
Bastions
of
the
Horn-work
,
what
with
hunger
and
thirst
,
what
with
fear
of
not
being
able
to
sustain
a
General
Assault
,
for
want
of
Sleep
,
occasioned
by
the
continual
throwing
in
of
Bombs
,
they
were
necessitated
to
hearken
to
a
Capitulation
,
notwithstanding
that
the
body
of
the
Castle
was
entire
,
and
that
they
had
as
yet
a
Horn-work
left
which
would
have
cost
us
no
small
trouble
to
take
.
Out
of
eight
or
nine
thousand
Men
,
of
which
the
Garrison
of
Namur
consisted
at
the
beginning
of
the
Siege
,
there
were
but
twelve
hundred
left
in
the
Fort
William
,
and
two
thousand
five
hundred
in
the
Castle
,
when
they
marched
out
.
The
rest
perished
either
by
sickness
,
or
were
killed
by
our
Bombs
,
or
in
the
several
Attacks
and
Sallies
.
The
taking
of
Namur
in
the
sight
of
an
Army
of
an
hundred
thousand
Men
,
put
all
the
Spanish
Netherlands
under
a
most
terrible
consternation
;
the
common
people
being
extreamly
dissatisfied
that
the
relief
of
a
place
of
such
consequence
had
not
as
much
as
been
attempted
by
the
Confederate
Army
,
affronted
,
nay
assaulted
the
Dutch
at
Brussels
,
and
several
other
places
,
and
did
not
stick
to
grumble
at
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
(
King
William
III.
)
who
to
appease
them
,
and
to
raise
their
drooping
Courage
,
resolved
,
within
a
Month
after
,
to
give
us
Battle
.
Every
thing
seem'd
to
conspire
for
his
advantage
:
Battle
of
Stenkerk
,
Aug.
3.
He
was
now
thirty
thousand
Men
stronger
in
Insantry
than
the
Duke
of
Luxemburgh
,
who
labour'd
also
under
another
inconveniency
,
that
his
Cannon
was
left
behind
,
his
Artillery
not
arriving
till
the
Night
before
the
Engagement
.
The
Grounds
on
that
side
where
the
Enemy
intended
at
Attack
us
being
full
of
small
Bogs
and
Rivulets
,
with
very
thick
Hedges
and
large
Ditches
,
was
only
fit
for
the
Infantry
to
Engage
in
.
Here
it
was
that
the
Troops
of
the
King's
Houshold
were
posted
,
who
being
cover'd
by
one
single
Brigade
,
(
the
rest
of
the
French
Infantry
were
at
least
a
League
's
distance
from
thence
)
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III.
)
did
not
in
the
least
question
but
they
would
soon
be
over-powered
by
the
whole
English
Infantry
,
that
were
to
begin
the
Attack
;
all
the
circumstances
appearing
so
favourable
on
his
side
,
that
he
thought
himself
assured
of
Victory
.
To
amuse
the
Enemies
Spies
,
he
issued
out
his
Orders
the
Night
before
the
Engagement
,
that
they
should
go
a
Foraging
the
next
Day
,
which
done
,
he
kept
all
the
General
Officers
of
the
Army
with
him
in
his
Tent
till
ten
a
Clock
at
Night
,
when
having
sent
them
back
to
their
respective
Posts
,
the
march
was
begun
about
half
an
hour
after
,
to
be
within
sight
of
the
French
Camp
at
break
of
Day
.
There
appear'd
so
much
satisfaction
and
joy
both
in
his
Countenance
and
Words
,
that
when
they
arriv'd
at
the
appointed
place
,
without
being
discovered
by
the
French
,
he
spoke
out
a
loud
to
his
Soldiers
,
that
they
were
going
to
an
assured
Victory
,
not
to
fight
,
but
to
cut
to
pieces
their
Enemies
;
tho'
many
were
of
Opinion
,
that
this
assurance
he
gave
to
his
Soldiers
of
an
undoubted
Victory
,
was
rather
done
with
an
intention
to
enflame
their
Courage
,
than
to
express
his
own
sentiments
,
it
being
unquestionable
,
that
it
was
always
consider'd
as
one
of
the
chiefest
qualifications
belonging
to
a
General
,
to
know
how
to
inspire
his
Soldiers
with
a
seasonable
assurance
of
Victory
.
It
is
more
than
probable
,
that
if
at
that
instant
he
had
led
his
Army
towards
the
Enemy
,
his
design
would
have
succeeded
;
but
whilst
he
stayed
for
the
coming
up
of
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
,
and
Count
Waldeck
,
who
stayed
above
an
Hour
longer
than
was
expected
,
the
French
had
leisure
given
them
to
put
themselves
in
a
posture
to
receive
them
.
It
is
in
vain
to
chose
ones
time
,
unless
it
be
improved
to
the
best
advantage
.
For
in
the
mean
time
the
Duke
of
Luxemburgh
order'd
his
best
Battallions
to
advance
with
all
speed
,
who
being
posted
where
the
Enemy
must
Attack
us
,
sustained
by
the
Troops
of
the
King's
Houshold
,
and
these
again
by
several
other
Bodies
of
Horse
.
The
Pass
was
so
narrow
that
not
being
able
to
extend
our
Lines
in
Front
,
we
were
forced
to
double
them
.
For
the
first
two
hours
they
fir'd
most
terribly
on
both
Sides
,
the
Battallions
advancing
so
near
,
that
they
discharged
their
Musquets
cross
one
another
.
The
Enemy
fir'd
more
briskly
than
we
for
some
time
;
they
got
Ground
of
us
,
and
made
themselves
Masters
of
four
of
our
Pieces
of
Cannon
;
but
the
French
perceiving
that
their
Musquets
were
not
likely
to
do
the
Work
,
threw
them
down
,
and
being
led
only
by
their
Officers
,
but
esspecially
by
the
Princes
,
the
Duke
of
Chartres
,
the
Duke
of
Bourbon
,
the
Prince
of
Conty
,
Duke
de
Maine
,
and
others
,
charged
the
Enemy
with
their
Swords
in
hand
,
so
furiously
,
that
they
forced
them
to
retreat
,
many
of
whom
were
cut
in
pieces
,
the
rest
saving
themselves
in
an
adjacent
Wood.
They
were
pursued
for
an
hour
after
,
and
the
Field
of
Battle
for
a
League
together
,
was
covered
all
over
with
dead
Carcasses
,
which
in
some
places
lay
six
Foot
high
upon
one
another
.
This
Victory
cost
us
two
or
three
Thousand
of
our
best
Men
,
among
whom
were
many
Persons
of
Merit
and
Quality
;
especially
the
Prince
of
Turenue
,
eldest
Son
to
the
Duke
of
Bovillon
,
who
died
the
day
after
the
Battle
,
of
his
Wounds
.
The
loss
of
the
Enemy
amounted
to
nine
Thousand
kill'd
upon
the
spot
,
and
as
many
wounded
.
We
took
nine
Colours
,
and
ten
pieces
of
Cannon
,
but
only
thirteen
hundred
Prisoners
,
the
English
refusing
to
ask
Quarter
.
It
was
much
about
the
same
time
that
the
Duke
of
Savoy
made
an
Irruption
into
the
higher
Dauphine
,
The
Duke
of
Savoy
invades
France
in
August
.
where
he
lost
abundance
of
his
Men
without
striking
a
stroke
.
The
Confederates
had
for
a
considerable
time
before
,
formed
a
Project
of
entring
Dauphine
and
Provence
,
flattering
themselves
with
hopes
,
that
the
new
Converts
would
revolt
and
join
them
from
all
Parts
of
France
.
To
put
their
so
long
projected
Design
in
execution
,
the
Governour
of
Milan
,
and
the
Imperial
General
Caprara
,
joined
with
their
Troops
the
Duke
of
Savoy
;
They
carried
along
with
them
Arms
for
thirty
Thousand
Men
,
and
were
provided
with
Ministers
,
who
in
all
places
,
through
which
they
passed
,
endeavoured
in
their
Sermons
to
sow
the
Seed
of
Rebellion
and
Calvinism
among
the
People
.
But
they
found
themselves
entirely
mistaken
in
their
Expectation
,
the
new
Catholicks
being
so
far
from
shewing
the
least
Inclination
for
a
Revolt
,
that
they
were
the
most
forward
upon
all
Occasions
to
do
what
Mischief
they
could
to
the
Enemy
,
by
drawing
them
into
Ambushes
,
and
killing
without
Mercy
,
all
such
as
they
met
with
stragling
,
or
otherwise
detach'd
from
their
main
Body
.
This
was
the
Reason
why
the
Confederates
made
but
little
Progress
,
and
their
proposed
Conquest
turn'd
to
a
very
slender
Account
.
They
took
Guillestre
in
three
days
;
Ambrun
held
out
six
,
Gap
being
only
provided
with
ten
Men
to
keep
the
Gates
,
receiv'd
them
without
the
least
Resistance
.
Guillestre
is
at
present
no
more
than
a
Country
Town
,
without
any
other
Defence
but
two
old
ruin'd
Bastions
.
Ambrun
is
indeed
a
small
City
,
but
defended
only
by
a
single
Wall
;
But
the
Besieged
supplying
the
defect
of
their
Fortifications
by
their
own
Courage
,
defended
the
Place
so
well
,
that
the
Enemies
nemies
were
not
Masters
of
it
,
but
with
the
Loss
of
above
fisteen
hundred
Men.
Thus
ended
this
Expedition
of
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
who
being
faln
ill
,
and
finding
his
Army
considerably
diminished
by
Sickness
and
Fatigues
,
repassed
the
Alpes
,
carrying
no
other
Spoils
along
with
him
,
but
the
Bells
of
Ambrun
and
Gap
.
In
the
same
Month
the
Marshal
de
Lorge
obtained
a
Victory
over
six
thousand
German
Horse
,
in
the
Country
of
Wirtembergh
,
if
the
Pursuit
of
a
flying
Enemy
,
vanquish'd
without
effusion
of
Blood
,
may
be
dignified
with
that
Name
.
For
no
sooner
did
the
German
Horse
perceive
the
Vant.
Guard
of
the
King's
Army
,
but
they
betook
themselves
to
flight
,
The
Germans
routed
near
Phortzheim
towards
the
latter
end
of
August
.
nine
hundred
of
them
were
kill'd
in
the
pursuit
,
and
six
hundred
taken
Prisoners
,
among
the
last
was
the
Duke
of
Wirtembergh
,
who
commanded
this
Body
in
Chief
.
The
City
Phortsheim
was
taken
the
next
day
by
our
Forces
,
where
they
had
laid
up
all
their
Provisions
for
the
rest
of
the
Compaign
.
The
Landgrave
of
Hesse
was
at
that
time
taken
up
with
the
Siege
of
Eberenburgh
,
a
small
Place
,
fortified
by
the
French
,
for
the
conveniency
of
their
Magazines
;
but
as
soon
as
he
received
the
News
of
this
Defeat
,
and
the
approach
of
the
Marshal
de
Lorge
,
in
order
to
relieve
the
place
,
he
raised
the
Siege
with
so
much
precipitation
,
that
they
left
behind
them
some
of
the
Cannon
,
with
all
their
Ammunition
,
and
all
other
Necessaries
belonging
to
a
Siege
.
Most
people
were
of
Opinion
,
that
these
frequent
Distasters
would
have
both
exhausted
the
Strength
and
Hatred
of
the
Confederates
;
but
flattering
themselves
with
these
vain
hopes
,
Campaign
of
1692.
that
these
Conquests
would
at
last
turn
to
the
destruction
of
France
,
they
resolved
to
abate
nothing
of
their
Resolution
in
vigourously
prosecuting
the
War
,
and
remaining
steadfast
in
the
Confederacy
;
especially
since
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
K.
William
III.
)
did
not
cease
to
insinuate
to
them
by
his
Ministers
,
that
this
was
the
only
way
left
for
their
mutual
Preservation
,
since
if
they
were
not
able
,
when
joyn'd
together
,
to
ballance
the
Power
and
Success
of
our
King's
Arms
,
it
would
be
no
difficult
Task
for
him
,
to
vanquish
them
singly
,
whenever
he
should
take
a
Resolution
to
dispossess
them
of
their
Estates
,
after
the
breaking
of
the
League
.
Both
sides
therefore
,
made
all
imaginable
Preparations
to
prosecute
the
War
with
more
vigour
than
ever
;
The
Confederates
to
defend
themselves
against
the
Power
of
France
,
our
King
to
attack
them
afresh
in
the
next
Campaign
.
This
Campaign
was
opened
in
Flanders
in
the
Month
of
January
,
Furnes
taken
.
by
the
taking
of
Furnes
;
its
Garrison
consisted
of
four
thousand
English
,
and
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
made
all
the
necessary
Preparations
to
Relieve
it
,
but
it
was
surrendred
in
fifteen
Hours
,
being
a
Place
of
great
Consequence
to
us
,
to
cover
our
Frontiers
,
and
to
disappoint
the
Confederates
in
their
Design
of
Besieging
Dunkirk
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
(
K.
William
III.
)
had
at
several
times
promised
the
Allies
to
make
a
Descent
in
France
,
which
he
now
being
resolved
to
put
in
Execution
,
ordered
a
Fleet
to
be
Equipp'd
for
that
purpose
,
provided
with
a
good
number
of
Flat-bottom'd
Vessels
,
for
the
Conveniency
of
Landing
his
Forces
,
which
were
drawn
together
near
the
Sea-side
,
opposite
to
the
French
shoar
.
The
King
being
not
ignorant
of
this
Design
,
to
encourage
his
Subjects
,
and
take
all
necessary
Precautions
,
the
King
ordered
a
good
Army
to
serve
as
a
Guard
of
his
Sea-Costs
,
under
the
Command
of
his
only
Brother
,
the
Duke
of
Orleance
.
The
precaution
,
as
it
was
founded
upon
a
sure
Maxim
of
Prudence
,
so
it
prov'd
useless
in
its
Consequence
;
For
,
all
these
vast
Preparations
and
Threats
vanished
into
Smoak
,
the
Troops
design'd
for
this
pretended
Expedition
being
sent
into
Flanders
;
which
was
only
made
use
of
to
oblige
our
King
to
remove
part
of
his
Forces
from
the
Frontiers
to
defend
his
own
Coasts
.
But
this
Amusement
,
which
was
not
carried
on
without
vast
Expences
,
turn'd
but
to
a
very
slender
Account
on
the
Enemies
side
,
without
reaping
any
other
Advantage
by
it
,
than
to
Alarm
our
Sea-Coasts
,
with
the
danger
of
an
Invasion
,
which
being
soon
vanished
,
the
People
took
fresh
Courage
,
and
were
prepared
to
encounter
it
with
less
Surprize
for
the
future
.
For
the
King
was
so
far
from
shewing
the
least
Fear
upon
this
Occasion
,
that
he
attack'd
the
Enemies
with
new
Vigour
on
all
sides
.
The
Marshal
de
Noailles
besieged
Roses
in
Catalonia
,
which
place
,
Roses
taken
.
tho'
considerable
for
its
Strength
,
he
took
in
eight
days
after
opening
of
the
Trenches
,
to
wit
,
on
the
29th
of
July
.
Smyrna
Fleet
intercepted
by
Tourville
.
The
Marshal
de
Tourville
,
was
ordered
towards
the
Streights
,
to
intercept
the
Smyrna
Fleet
,
of
the
English
and
Dutch
,
of
which
,
he
,
on
the
29th
of
June
,
betwixt
Cadiz
and
the
Bay
of
Lagos
,
took
,
burnt
,
and
sunk
,
above
fourscore
Merchant
men
.
The
rest
were
dispersed
,
and
the
Squadron
of
Men
of
War
,
which
serv'd
for
a
Convoy
,
made
the
best
of
their
Way
towards
the
English
Coast
.
For
many
Years
before
,
neither
of
these
two
Nations
had
received
such
a
Check
in
their
Trade
,
their
Loss
being
esteem'd
at
thirty
Millions
of
Livres
.
In
the
beginning
of
this
Spring
,
our
King
appearing
in
Person
in
Flanders
,
it
was
the
general
Rumour
,
that
he
aim'd
at
Liege
;
but
after
having
given
his
final
Orders
concerning
the
Operation
of
the
Campaign
,
and
detach'd
near
thirty
thousand
Men
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Dauphin
,
to
reinforce
his
Army
near
the
Rhine
,
he
return'd
into
France
.
The
Mashal
de
Lorge
had
in
the
Month
of
May
,
Heidelbergh
taken
and
rased
by
the
French
.
made
himself
Master
of
Heidelbergh
,
the
Capital
City
of
the
whole
Palatinate
,
before
the
Enemy
could
march
to
its
Relief
;
and
after
having
rased
the
Fortifications
,
both
of
the
City
and
Castle
,
was
marched
directly
against
the
Prince
of
Baden
,
who
Commanded
the
Confederate
Army
on
that
side
,
and
at
the
approach
of
the
Marshal
,
retreated
before
him
;
but
after
the
arrival
of
the
Dauphin
,
with
the
beforementioned
Detachment
,
he
entrenched
himself
strongly
at
a
Pass
,
which
he
knew
impossible
to
be
forced
,
chusing
rather
to
undergo
the
Inconveniencies
of
Famine
and
many
Distempers
,
which
afflicted
his
Troops
in
these
inaccessible
Places
,
than
to
hazard
a
Battle
,
or
to
decamp
before
the
Dauphin
,
for
fear
he
should
force
him
to
come
to
an
Engagement
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
(
K.
William
III.
)
did
not
entrench
himself
,
but
kept
the
open
Field
in
Flanders
,
yet
so
as
to
avoid
all
Occasions
of
Fighting
.
The
Duke
of
Luxenburgh
,
who
had
positive
Orders
from
the
King
,
to
engage
him
,
fained
to
march
towards
Liege
,
to
attack
the
Lines
and
Redoubts
,
which
surround
that
great
City
.
This
succeeded
according
to
expectation
,
for
the
Confederate
Army
advancing
near
to
the
Duke
to
be
ready
to
succour
the
City
,
the
Duke
marched
directly
towards
them
,
and
arrived
in
sight
of
their
Camp
,
about
six
or
seven
a
Clock
at
Night
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
(
K.
William
III.
)
was
not
a
little
surprised
at
the
suddenness
of
his
March
;
but
finding
himself
under
a
Necessity
to
stand
an
Engagement
,
the
next
Day
he
improv'd
those
few
Hours
he
had
,
to
his
best
Advantage
,
in
putting
his
Troops
in
Order
of
Battle
,
raising
Batteries
in
convenient
Places
;
in
fixing
Pallisadoes
at
the
Avenues
leading
to
his
Camp
;
he
caused
two
Villages
,
which
covered
his
Right
and
Left
to
be
Fortified
,
and
lin'd
the
Houses
and
circumjacent
Hedges
with
his
best
Infantry
;
and
strengthned
his
Front
,
which
reached
to
,
and
took
up
all
the
Ground
betwixt
these
two
Villages
:
He
employed
a
great
number
of
Pioneers
all
the
Night
long
,
in
making
a
Ditch
six
Foot
broad
,
and
three
quarters
of
a
League
long
,
strengthned
without
with
good
Pallisadoes
,
and
defended
within
by
a
good
Line
,
and
Redoubts
,
upon
which
were
mounted
near
a
hundred
pieces
of
Cannon
.
The
main
Body
stood
behind
this
Entrenchment
,
sustained
by
the
Cavalry
,
which
was
posted
behind
them
in
two
Lines
.
They
were
the
finest
Troops
that
could
be
seen
.
On
the
other
hand
,
is
it
possible
to
imagine
,
that
our
Soldiers
could
be
so
courageous
,
or
rather
Fool-hardy
enough
to
attempt
the
attacking
of
sixty
thousand
brave
Men
,
guarded
by
such
strong
Entrenchments
.
The
great
Artillery
began
to
play
at
break
of
Day
,
Battle
of
Neerwinden
.
29.
July
.
on
both
sides
without
intermission
,
till
four
a
Clock
in
the
Afternoon
.
That
of
the
Enemies
did
great
Execution
among
us
,
being
placed
upon
an
Eminency
,
which
commanded
the
Plain
.
The
oldest
Officers
did
acknowledge
never
to
have
seen
Cannon
to
play
with
so
much
Fury
,
and
at
so
little
a
distance
,
for
so
long
a
time
together
,
which
at
a
distance
resembled
more
a
Sea-Engagement
,
than
a
Field-Battle
.
The
Enemies
fired
more
frequently
than
we
,
and
their
Artillery
did
much
more
Execution
,
so
that
this
Victory
must
be
meerly
ascribed
to
the
invincible
Courage
of
our
Soldiery
;
and
it
must
be
acknowledged
,
that
Philip
,
Duke
de
Chartres
,
the
Duke
of
Bourbon
and
de
Maine
,
the
Prince
of
Conty
,
and
the
Count
de
Thoulouse
,
had
a
great
share
in
the
Success
of
this
Day
.
There
was
not
a
Battallion
in
both
the
Army
's
but
what
was
Engaged
in
the
Battle
;
but
the
chief
Attack
was
at
a
Village
,
call'd
Neerwinden
,
which
covered
the
Right
Wing
.
This
Village
was
taken
and
retaken
twice
with
great
Slaughter
;
till
at
last
our
Troops
,
having
maintained
and
strengthned
themselves
in
this
Post
,
they
entred
the
Plain
,
and
attacked
the
Enemy
both
in
Front
and
Flank
,
who
received
us
very
Courageously
,
especially
the
English
in
the
main
Body
,
who
Charged
six
times
with
incredible
Bravery
;
but
their
Cavalry
being
brought
into
Confusion
,
and
drove
into
a
River
,
the
whole
Army
begun
to
disperse
,
and
to
quit
the
Field
by
whole
Troops
and
Companies
,
leaving
the
Victorious
Enemy
Master
of
the
Field
,
with
threescore
and
sixteen
pieces
of
Cannon
,
eight
Mortars
,
nine
Patteroons
,
twelve
pair
of
Kettle-Drums
,
abundance
of
Arms
,
threescore
Standards
,
two
and
twenty
Colours
,
and
above
two
thousand
Prisoners
,
among
whom
were
two
hundred
Officers
.
The
French
lost
above
three
thousand
Men
killed
,
and
four
thousand
wounded
.
The
Loss
of
the
Enemy
amounted
to
near
twenty
thousand
Men
,
both
in
the
Engagement
and
Flight
,
there
being
a
great
number
drown'd
in
endeavouring
to
Ford
the
River
,
which
for
a
considerable
time
after
was
rendred
passable
by
the
Bridges
made
by
the
dead
Carcasses
of
Men
and
Horses
.
This
vast
Army
was
dispersed
in
such
a
manner
,
that
they
could
not
get
together
in
a
Body
again
till
six
days
after
,
when
being
reinforced
with
fresh
Troops
;
and
especially
with
the
Detachment
commanded
by
the
Prince
of
Wirtembergh
,
they
appear'd
again
in
the
Field
.
It
is
to
be
taken
notice
of
here
,
that
since
the
beginning
of
this
War
,
our
King
had
ordered
certain
Lines
or
Entrenchments
to
be
made
from
Mabeuge
to
the
Sea-side
,
to
serve
as
a
Barricado
to
cover
his
Conquests
on
that
side
.
The
Duke
of
Wirtembergh
having
been
detached
from
the
main
Army
with
a
Body
three
times
stronger
than
the
French
,
that
guarded
these
Lines
to
attack
them
,
had
forced
these
Entrenchments
,
and
was
just
then
preparing
to
ravage
the
Country
,
when
receiving
the
News
of
this
Defeat
he
was
forced
to
turn
back
in
order
to
join
with
all
speed
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III.
)
Within
two
Months
after
,
Victory
of
Marsaglia
the
4
October
.
the
Marshal
de
Catinat
obtained
another
no
less
compleat
,
but
less
bloody
Victory
over
the
Confederate
Army
in
Italy
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Duke
of
Savoy
.
The
said
Marshal's
Army
had
hitherto
been
much
inferior
in
Number
to
the
Allies
,
which
was
the
Reason
that
he
had
not
undertaken
any
thing
of
moment
,
but
only
to
observe
the
Enemies
Motions
,
and
to
harress
them
with
Marches
and
Countermarches
.
The
Duke
and
Spaniards
willing
to
improve
this
Opportunity
,
resolved
to
besiege
Pignerol
;
but
being
discouraged
by
the
Resistance
they
met
with
in
the
Taking
of
St.
Brigitt
,
which
being
built
but
a
Year
before
,
at
some
distance
from
the
Town
,
commanded
the
chief
Avenues
leading
to
it
,
and
had
held
out
fifteen
days
before
it
was
taken
;
they
altered
their
Resolutions
,
contenting
themselves
with
throwing
a
vast
number
of
Bombs
and
red
hot
Bullets
into
the
Place
.
Whilst
they
were
flattering
themselves
with
the
hopes
of
either
reducing
or
destroying
the
City
of
Pignerol
by
Fire
,
Messengers
after
Messengers
came
to
bring
the
sad
News
to
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
that
not
only
the
French
had
burnt
one
of
his
Country
Houses
,
but
that
also
the
Marshal
de
Catinat
,
having
received
a
Considerable
Reinforcement
,
had
made
himself
Master
of
the
Plains
.
The
Duke
immediately
directing
his
March
towards
those
Plains
,
he
was
met
by
the
Marshal
.
The
Battle
began
about
nine
a
Clock
in
the
Forenoon
;
the
right
Wing
of
the
Enemy
was
brought
into
confusion
at
the
first
Encounter
,
the
left
follow'd
not
long
after
the
Example
of
the
right
Wing
,
yet
they
Rallyed
,
and
return'd
to
the
Charge
twice
or
thrice
,
but
without
any
great
Effect
,
for
their
Cavalry
being
entirely
routed
,
the
rest
were
cut
to
pieces
,
except
those
who
saved
themselves
by
flight
;
and
to
fly
with
the
less
Inconveniency
,
threw
away
their
Arms
,
enough
to
Arm
sixteen
thousand
Men.
The
flying
Enemy
were
pursued
to
the
very
Gates
of
Turin
,
the
whole
Plain
being
covered
with
dead
Carcasses
,
and
in
some
places
with
entire
Battallions
,
especially
of
the
Spaniards
and
Hugonots
.
The
Enemies
lost
nine
thousand
Men
in
this
Engagement
,
besides
two
thousand
taken
Prisoners
,
a
hundred
Colours
,
forty
five
Standards
,
and
thirty
four
pieces
of
Cannon
.
We
had
twelve
or
fifteen
hundred
killed
and
wounded
on
our
side
.
The
Gens
d'Arms
behaved
themselves
to
a
miracle
;
Our
Infantry
fought
with
their
Bayonets
in
their
Fuszees
and
Sword
in
hand
.
After
the
Loss
of
this
Battle
,
the
Duke
being
reinforced
with
the
German
Troops
that
block'd
up
Casal
,
yet
durst
not
appear
in
the
Field
;
so
that
the
Marshal
de
Catinat
,
without
opposition
,
over-run
all
the
flat
Country
,
and
carried
away
a
prodigious
quantity
of
Provision
.
The
King
received
the
News
of
this
Victory
,
and
of
the
Surrender
of
Charleroy
in
one
day
.
This
place
is
situate
betwixt
Mons
and
Namur
,
and
was
besieged
in
November
,
when
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
K.
William
III.
)
was
just
ready
to
pass
over
into
England
;
Siege
of
Charleroy
but
upon
the
News
of
this
Siege
return'd
into
Flanders
,
and
advanced
with
an
Army
as
far
as
Brussels
,
but
did
not
attempt
the
Relief
of
the
Place
,
which
,
tho'
considerable
for
its
strength
,
was
forced
to
surrender
in
six
and
twenty
days
.
About
the
end
of
the
same
Month
,
English
Expedition
against
St.
Malo
.
an
English
Squadron
was
sent
towards
St.
Malo
,
to
attempt
the
destruction
of
that
Place
,
not
so
much
by
their
Bombs
,
as
a
certain
Engine
,
by
which
they
hoped
to
blow
up
that
City
,
or
to
lay
it
in
Ashes
.
This
Engine
was
a
three
Deck'd-Ship
,
of
about
four
hundred
Tuns
,
lined
and
vaulted
within
with
Brick-Work
.
Betwixt
each
of
these
Decks
,
there
were
placed
many
Barrels
with
Gun-powder
,
mixt
with
a
certain
Composition
of
Tarr
,
Pitch
,
and
Rosin
,
a
great
number
of
Bombs
,
Carcasses
,
and
other
Casks
,
fill'd
with
all
sorts
of
Combustible
Matter
.
It
was
a
fair
and
clear
Night
,
very
calm
and
Spring-tide
,
when
this
infernal
Engine
came
swimming
up
with
the
Tide
,
but
by
good
Fortune
was
forced
upon
a
Rock
,
within
Pistol-shot
of
the
Walls
of
the
City
.
The
Engineer
,
who
had
the
management
of
this
Vessel
,
perceiving
that
she
took
Water
was
so
over-hasty
in
setting
her
on
Fire
,
that
both
He
and
his
Attendants
were
blown
up
in
the
same
moment
,
before
they
had
time
to
get
out
of
reach
.
The
springing
of
this
Engine
made
a
most
dreadful
Noise
,
and
shook
all
the
circumjacent
Ground
for
three
or
four
Leagues
;
The
whole
City
felt
a
most
violent
Confusion
,
and
in
a
moment
all
the
Streets
were
covered
with
Slates
and
Tyles
,
which
,
like
a
Shower
of
Hail
,
powred
down
from
the
tops
of
the
Houses
.
This
was
the
whole
Loss
sustained
by
this
dreadful
Engine
,
which
carried
along
with
it
,
more
Terror
than
Damage
,
there
being
not
one
House
in
the
whole
City
that
receiv'd
any
further
Damage
,
neither
was
there
one
single
Person
kill'd
or
wounded
.
For
the
Powder
having
taken
vent
,
and
being
besides
that
,
spoil'd
by
the
Water
,
did
not
answer
the
pretended
Effect
in
throwing
the
Bombs
and
Barrels
full
of
Combustible
Matter
into
the
Air.
At
low
Water
,
near
seven
hundred
Bombs
were
taken
up
from
the
Sands
,
and
abundance
of
Powder
out
of
the
Wrack
of
the
Vessel
.
We
could
scarce
have
wish'd
for
a
more
prosperous
Campaign
on
our
side
than
the
last
;
Campaign
in
1694.
but
as
there
is
no
human
Felicity
without
some
mixture
of
Adversity
;
so
when
the
State
suffers
within
,
all
its
outward
Prosperity
appears
to
be
but
superficial
.
I
say
,
we
could
not
have
wished
for
a
more
glorious
Campaign
,
if
a
general
Scarcity
had
not
almost
ruined
several
Provinces
in
the
Kingdom
;
but
especially
the
City
of
Paris
,
with
the
circumjacent
Parts
.
France
is
a
very
fertile
Country
,
abounding
especially
in
Wheat
,
so
as
to
be
able
to
furnish
its
Neighbours
with
a
considerable
Quantity
of
this
useful
Commodity
;
which
,
for
several
years
before
had
been
so
cheap
,
that
the
common
People
liv'd
easie
enough
,
tho'
by
reason
of
the
long
War
,
and
the
decay
of
Trade
,
there
was
but
slender
Gain
among
them
.
But
the
Harvest
in
the
Year
1693
,
both
for
quantity
and
quality
of
the
Corn
prov'd
so
excessive
bad
,
that
it
was
sold
for
four
times
the
Price
than
before
.
In
this
unhappy
Conjuncture
,
the
King
sent
a
great
number
of
Ships
,
both
to
the
North
,
and
the
Coast
of
Barbary
,
Dearth
in
France
.
to
supply
our
Wants
;
he
obliged
the
Corn-Merchants
to
carry
their
Stores
to
Market
,
to
furnish
the
Country
with
Seed
for
the
next
following
Year
;
he
caused
a
great
quantity
of
Bread
to
be
destributed
to
the
poorer
Sort
,
at
half
the
price
it
cost
him
,
and
gave
every
Week
a
good
Sum
for
the
Sustenance
of
the
Poor
of
each
Parish
.
To
these
Supplies
and
human
Aids
,
he
join'd
the
Prayers
of
the
Church
,
and
God
was
pleased
so
to
bless
his
Endeavours
,
that
his
Subjects
were
soon
Reliev'd
,
and
freed
from
their
present
Misfortunes
,
the
next
Harvest
proving
so
plentiful
,
that
within
five
Weeks
time
,
the
Price
of
Corn
fell
to
such
a
degree
,
that
it
was
sold
at
the
same
rate
,
as
before
the
time
of
the
Dearth
.
This
general
Scarcity
however
(
the
constant
fore-runner
of
a
great
Mortality
)
was
a
sufficient
In
ducement
to
perswade
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
K.
William
III.
)
that
this
was
the
most
seasonable
Juncture
that
could
offer
to
Invade
the
Kingdom
of
France
,
The
Confederates
encouraged
by
the
hopes
of
Success
,
augmented
their
Forces
on
all
sides
with
fresh
Troops
;
and
the
English
,
who
ever
since
the
beginning
of
this
War
had
not
been
sparing
of
their
Money
,
being
now
more
liberal
than
ever
in
granting
new
Supplies
,
he
Equipp'd
two
Fleets
to
back
his
Design
.
But
the
Success
was
in
no
wise
answerable
to
these
vast
Preparations
.
For
in
Piedmont
,
the
Campaign
passed
without
any
Siege
or
Action
of
Moment
.
In
Germany
the
Confederate
Army
had
passed
the
Rhine
,
in
order
to
ravage
the
Lower
Alsace
,
but
no
sooner
did
the
Marshal
de
Lorge
march
against
them
,
but
they
re-pass'd
the
said
River
without
any
further
Action
.
The
Dauphin
Commanded
at
that
time
in
Flanders
,
attended
by
the
Flower
of
all
the
French
Nobility
,
his
Army
was
composed
of
the
best
Troops
,
but
did
not
exceed
fifty
thousand
Men.
The
Confederate
Army
consisted
of
fourscore
thousand
Men
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
K.
William
III.
)
and
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
;
and
it
was
given
out
that
they
intended
to
Besiege
Namur
and
Dunkirk
,
but
notwithstanding
the
inequality
of
their
Number
,
there
passed
not
any
thing
of
Moment
all
this
Campaign
.
Towards
the
latter
end
of
the
Month
of
August
,
the
Confederate
Army
decamped
from
about
Liege
,
directing
their
March
towards
our
Lines
,
in
hopes
to
force
them
,
and
to
put
our
Conquests
under
Contribution
,
and
to
open
the
way
for
some
Enterprize
of
more
moment
.
To
put
the
Design
in
Execution
,
they
advanced
towards
the
Shelde
,
in
hopes
to
be
able
to
lay
their
Bridges
over
that
River
without
much
opposition
,
there
being
not
above
seven
or
eight
thousand
Men
,
(
as
they
imagined
)
to
guard
our
Lines
;
But
their
Astonishment
was
such
,
as
is
pass'd
all
Expression
,
when
they
saw
on
the
other
side
of
the
River
several
Batteries
mounted
with
Cannon
,
and
the
Dauphin's
Army
ranged
in
Battle-Array
,
ready
to
receive
them
.
It
was
a
good
while
before
they
could
believe
their
own
Eyes
,
thinking
it
impossible
,
that
,
whereas
they
had
got
two
days
march
before
the
Dauphin
,
and
the
Road
they
had
taken
was
by
one
half
shorter
,
they
should
be
prevented
by
the
French
Army
,
which
had
many
Defiles
,
and
four
Rivers
to
pass
.
For
,
no
sooner
had
the
Dauphin
receiv'd
Intelligence
of
their
March
,
but
he
immediately
dispatch'd
his
Orders
,
to
get
every
thing
in
readiness
upon
the
Road
,
which
might
conduce
towards
the
hasty
March
of
his
Army
,
to
prevent
,
if
possible
,
the
Enemies
Design
.
His
Orders
were
so
strictly
observed
,
that
in
all
places
through
which
they
passed
,
they
found
Forrage
,
Provisions
,
and
all
other
Refreshments
in
abundance
,
many
Bridges
were
laid
ready
over
the
Rivers
,
great
Numbers
of
Waggons
and
Boats
attended
every
where
,
to
carry
the
Soldiers
that
were
unable
to
follow
the
rest
,
or
to
convey
these
with
more
Expedition
,
who
were
intended
to
be
the
first
,
that
should
join
these
Forces
that
kept
the
Guard
of
the
Lines
.
Never
were
any
Solders
seen
to
March
with
more
Alacrity
.
Neither
the
Weight
of
their
Arms
,
nor
the
Heat
of
the
Season
,
nor
the
Fatigues
of
so
long
and
Expeditious
a
March
,
did
abate
the
least
of
their
Vigour
and
Activity
;
they
strove
on
the
contrary
to
out-viegh
one
another
in
their
March
,
aiding
and
encouraging
those
who
staid
a
little
behind
.
This
generral
Emulation
prov'd
so
successful
,
that
the
whole
Army
,
with
their
Cannon
and
Baggage
,
march'd
forty
large
Leagues
in
less
than
four
days
time
.
The
Confederate
Army
was
so
much
surprised
at
this
unexpected
Sight
,
that
they
retired
immediately
without
attempting
any
thing
further
,
that
Campaign
;
But
before
they
went
into
Winter
quarters
,
they
sent
a
strong
Detatchment
towards
Liege
,
which
in
conjunction
with
the
Forces
of
that
Bishoprick
,
took
the
Town
and
Castle
of
Huy
in
six
days
,
a
small
place
;
and
one
of
those
,
that
commonly
fall
to
the
share
of
those
,
who
are
Masters
of
the
Field
.
Threescore
pieces
of
Cannon
,
and
thirty
Mortars
were
made
use
of
in
this
Siege
;
an
Expence
suitable
to
a
much
greater
Enterprize
,
but
scarce
worth
the
taking
of
a
Place
of
so
little
Consequence
.
The
Conquest
of
Huy
seem'd
to
be
but
a
slender
Recompence
to
the
Allies
;
for
the
disappointments
of
this
Compaign
,
which
had
passed
without
any
Action
of
moment
,
and
for
the
loss
of
a
Battle
,
and
four
considerable
Places
in
Catalonia
.
For
the
Marshal
de
Noailles
,
having
immediately
after
his
arrival
in
those
Parts
,
received
the
King's
Orders
,
to
find
out
,
and
fight
the
Enemy
,
he
found
them
entrenched
to
the
number
of
sixteen
or
seventeen
thousand
on
the
opposite
shoar
of
the
River
Ter
,
which
is
pretty
broad
,
but
fordable
in
many
places
.
The
French
Army
was
not
inferior
to
that
of
the
Enemy
,
Battle
near
Ter.
27
May.
consisting
of
twelve
thousand
regulated
Troops
,
the
rest
of
the
Militia
.
Several
Squadrons
of
Granadiers
,
and
of
the
Carabiniers
,
having
thrown
themselves
with
break
of
day
into
the
River
,
some
with
only
their
Swords
in
hand
,
the
rest
with
their
Fuscees
and
Bayonets
;
the
Enemy
fired
very
furiously
upon
them
;
notwithstanding
which
,
they
advanced
with
an
undaunted
Courage
,
and
attack'd
them
with
so
much
Bravery
,
that
they
entring
Pall-mall
with
them
in
their
Camp
,
forced
them
to
quit
their
Entrenchments
.
In
the
mean
while
,
the
best
of
the
whole
Army
,
having
passed
the
River
,
advanced
in
good
Order
to
give
them
Battle
.
The
Spanish
Horse
received
them
with
an
extraordinary
Courage
,
whereby
their
Infantry
got
leisure
to
retire
.
The
Cavalry
was
brought
several
times
into
confusion
,
and
Rally'd
as
often
,
till
at
last
being
quite
broken
,
most
of
them
were
cut
to
pieces
,
they
being
pursued
for
three
Hours
together
to
the
Defiles
.
A
good
part
of
the
Infantry
underwent
the
same
Fate
;
so
that
we
obtained
a
compleat
Victory
,
with
the
loss
of
only
two
or
three
hundred
Men
on
our
side
.
The
Enemies
had
betwixt
four
or
five
thousand
kill'd
and
wounded
,
and
we
took
above
three
thousand
Prisoners
,
all
their
Baggage
,
Provision
,
Ammunition
,
and
sixteen
Colours
.
Immediately
after
the
gaining
of
the
Battle
,
Siege
of
Palamos
.
the
Marshal
de
Noailles
besieged
Palamos
,
a
small
Maritime
Town
,
but
well
fortified
.
There
was
a
Garrison
of
three
thousand
Men
in
the
place
,
which
did
defend
themselves
only
five
days
after
the
Place
began
to
be
Batter'd
by
our
Cannon
,
both
by
Sea
and
Land
.
For
whilst
the
Marshal
attack'd
it
by
Land
,
a
French
Squadron
of
Men
of
War
,
batter'd
it
by
Sea
.
After
we
had
made
our selves
Masters
of
the
Counterscarp
,
there
were
two
Breaches
in
the
Wall
,
but
so
narrow
,
that
not
above
one
Man
could
mount
it
at
a
time
in
Front
;
Some
Soldiers
having
taken
notice
of
it
,
shew'd
it
to
their
Officers
,
who
approving
of
their
Design
,
they
mounted
the
Breach
,
entred
the
City
,
and
taking
advantage
of
the
general
Consternation
;
this
unexpected
Sight
of
the
Enemy
upon
the
Ramparts
,
had
put
them
into
,
they
soon
made
themselves
Masters
of
the
City
,
on
the
7th
of
June
:
The
Fort
or
Castle
,
being
forced
to
Surrender
at
Discretion
,
within
three
days
after
;
the
Marshal
,
without
loosing
time
,
sat
down
before
Gironne
This
Place
was
so
considerable
for
its
Strength
,
that
in
the
Year
1684
,
Gironne
taken
.
it
obliged
the
French
Army
to
raise
the
Siege
.
But
our
late
Victory
near
the
River
Ter
,
the
taking
of
Palamos
,
the
furious
discharges
of
our
Batteries
,
and
the
vast
number
of
our
Bombs
,
which
did
great
Execution
,
and
set
the
Town
on
fire
;
besides
the
little
hopes
there
was
of
being
relieved
,
obliged
the
Inhabitants
and
Garrison
to
Capitulate
in
five
days
.
We
made
our selves
Masters
of
several
other
places
betwixt
Gironne
and
Barcelona
,
and
all
the
Country
round
was
seised
with
such
a
Consternation
,
that
their
Capital
City
it self
would
scarce
have
been
able
to
hold
out
a
Week
against
our
victorious
Arms
,
if
the
Heats
had
not
been
so
excessive
,
as
to
prevent
us
from
undertaking
the
Siege
;
and
the
Confederate
Fleet
was
so
seasonably
to
their
Assistance
,
and
had
supply'd
them
both
with
Ammunition
and
Men.
This
was
the
only
Fruit
they
reap'd
from
the
Equipment
of
so
numerous
a
Fleet
,
it
being
fear'd
otherwise
,
that
the
Spaniards
might
have
concluded
a
separate
Peace
with
us
,
if
they
had
not
come
to
their
Relief
;
It
was
also
supposed
that
at
the
Sollicitations
of
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
this
Fleet
was
to
endeavour
the
regaining
of
Villa
Franca
.
It
was
composed
of
one
hundred
and
thirty
Sail
,
among
which
were
threescore
and
fifteen
for
the
Line
of
Battle
.
It
was
given
out
that
they
were
to
Retake
Nice
,
to
Bombard
Thoulon
,
and
to
lay
Marseilles
in
Ashes
.
There
were
also
some
who
pretended
that
they
were
to
chastise
Genove
,
for
refusing
to
join
with
the
Confederacy
.
But
all
these
Projects
vanished
into
Smoak
,
they
being
disenabled
for
want
of
Provisions
,
and
by
the
many
Distempers
that
reigned
among
the
Seamen
,
to
undertake
any
thing
of
moment
;
they
kept
the
Sea
for
some
time
after
,
till
the
approaching
Winter
Season
forced
them
to
seek
for
a
safe
Retreat
in
the
Spanish
Ports
.
Their
Fleet
in
the
Ocean
made
more
Noise
,
but
did
not
much
more
Damage
.
Descent
in
Camaret
-
Bay
.
They
made
an
attempe
upon
Camaret-Bay
,
at
the
neck
of
a
Land
,
which
juts
into
the
Sea
,
near
Forest
.
Of
eight
or
nine
hundred
Men
,
who
Landed
by
the
help
of
their
Chaloops
,
betwixt
three
and
four
hundred
were
killed
,
the
rest
made
Prisoners
.
The
rest
of
their
Forces
that
were
to
second
the
Attack
,
being
deterr'd
by
the
ill
Success
of
their
Comrades
,
and
the
continual
Fire
from
our
Entrenchments
upon
the
Sea-shoar
,
did
not
judge
it
advisable
to
attempt
any
further
Descent
;
but
under
the
Protection
of
some
of
their
Frigats
,
return'd
to
their
Ships
.
On
the
22th
day
of
July
,
Diepe
Bombarded
they
Bombarded
Diepe
,
which
was
laid
in
Ashes
;
most
of
the
Houses
of
this
City
being
of
Wood
,
and
closely
built
;
the
Inhabitants
fled
from
their
Habitations
,
with
their
best
Moveables
;
the
Fire
consumed
the
whole
City
,
there
being
no
body
to
stop
its
Fury
.
But
the
Enemies
were
great
Gainers
by
this
Bargain
,
it
having
been
computed
,
that
this
Expedition
cost
them
more
than
the
re-building
of
the
whole
City
could
amount
to
.
On
the
20th
of
July
,
they
appear'd
before
Havre
de
Grace
,
which
they
likewise
Bombarded
for
some
time
,
as
well
as
Calais
,
but
without
doing
any
considerable
Damage
;
the
Fire
having
been
soon
extinguished
by
the
Care
of
the
Inhabitants
.
This
done
,
they
made
an
attempt
upon
the
Forts
which
guard
the
Entrance
of
the
Port
of
Dunkirk
;
two
Engines
,
not
unlike
to
that
they
had
made
use
of
at
St.
Malo's
,
advanced
towards
the
said
Forts
with
an
Intention
to
blow
them
up
;
but
by
the
help
of
the
Cannon
mounted
upon
several
Batteries
along
the
Sea-shoar
,
these
two
Vessels
were
blown
up
into
the
Air
,
at
about
a
thousand
yards
distance
from
the
Mole
.
The
little
Success
of
this
Campaign
on
the
Confederates
side
,
Campaign
1695.
did
in
some
measure
abate
the
Heat
of
the
English
and
Dutch
,
who
for
these
seven
years
last
past
,
had
bore
the
greatest
Share
in
the
vast
Expences
of
the
War
.
In
Holland
,
the
common
People
cry'd
out
aloud
for
Peace
,
in
London
,
tho'
they
did
not
do
it
so
publickly
,
yet
they
were
very
desirous
of
it
.
The
Parliament
took
an
Account
of
the
Supplies
granted
for
the
use
of
the
War
,
and
what
Share
each
of
the
Allies
ought
to
have
in
the
Expences
,
pursuant
to
the
Treaty's
,
concluded
for
that
purpose
.
They
excluded
the
Speaker
of
the
House
of
Commons
from
their
House
,
and
imprison'd
several
of
their
Members
.
They
also
Summon'd
the
Earl
of
Danby
(
Duke
of
Leeds
)
President
of
the
Privy
Council
;
but
these
Proceedings
ceased
with
the
Session
of
Parliament
.
There
were
some
who
look'd
upon
this
Affront
put
upon
one
of
the
Prince
of
Orange's
Favourites
(
K.
William
III.
)
as
a
Spark
of
Fire
,
which
being
couch'd
for
some
time
under
the
Ashes
,
might
in
time
break
out
into
a
Flame
.
And
their
Conjectures
seem'd
not
ill
grounded
,
considering
that
since
the
Death
of
the
Princess
of
Orange
(
Queen
Mary
)
eldest
Daughter
to
the
King
of
England
,
who
died
on
the
18th
of
December
,
in
the
Year
1694.
Queen
of
Englands
Death
.
King
James's
Party
began
to
appear
more
formidable
than
before
;
and
that
the
Differences
betwixt
the
Court
and
the
Princess
of
Denmark
,
only
Sister
of
the
deceased
Princess
(
Q.
Mary
)
might
furnish
them
with
an
opportunity
to
Foment
the
intestine
Divisions
in
that
Kingdom
;
or
that
perhaps
some
of
the
Confederates
,
discouraged
by
the
change
of
Affairs
in
England
,
might
not
prosecute
the
War
with
the
same
Vigour
as
before
.
But
it
was
not
long
before
these
Hopes
were
frustrated
in
the
end
.
For
the
Prince
(
K.
William
III.
)
either
by
his
good
Fortune
or
Conduct
,
prevented
all
these
Dangers
,
there
being
not
the
least
appearance
of
any
Commotion
.
On
the
contrary
,
he
shew'd
such
an
unparallell'd
Resolution
in
the
whole
management
of
his
Affairs
at
that
time
,
that
he
seem'd
to
bid
Defiance
to
all
Dangers
,
and
inspite
of
all
the
Intrigues
,
and
the
Hazard
of
quitting
the
Helm
,
at
so
critical
a
Juncture
;
he
passed
over
into
Flanders
in
the
next
Spring
;
to
encourage
and
promote
by
his
Presence
,
the
Zeal
of
the
Confederate
Princes
,
who
having
augmented
their
Forces
,
made
all
imaginable
Preparations
to
attack
us
with
more
Vigour
than
ever
.
According
to
the
measures
concerted
betwixt
the
Confederates
,
they
were
to
undertake
three
several
Sieges
at
once
;
one
in
Flanders
,
another
in
Italy
,
and
a
third
in
Catalonia
,
whilst
two
good
Fleets
were
to
Alarm
our
Coasts
,
and
to
destroy
our
Sea-Port
Towns
.
It
must
be
confess'd
,
that
the
Confederates
were
at
present
in
a
much
better
Condition
than
ever
since
the
beginning
of
the
War
,
to
undertake
something
of
Moment
to
raise
the
drooping
Courage
of
their
Subjects
;
and
it
must
also
be
allow'd
,
that
they
were
more
successful
this
Campaign
than
before
,
tho'
at
the
same
time
,
they
succeeded
but
in
one
of
these
three
.
For
the
Germans
were
not
in
a
capacity
to
act
offensively
,
having
been
much
diminished
by
several
large
Detachments
,
sent
to
reinforce
their
Army
's
in
Flanders
.
The
Spaniards
besieged
Castle
Follit
in
Catalonia
,
but
at
the
approach
of
the
Duke
of
Vendosme
,
who
Commanded
instead
of
the
Marshal
de
Noailles
,
who
was
faln
sick
at
the
opening
of
the
Campaign
,
they
quitted
the
Siege
.
Towards
the
end
of
the
Summer
,
they
sat
down
before
Palamos
,
but
with
no
better
success
,
for
after
five
days
of
opening
the
Trenches
,
they
raised
the
Siege
,
upon
notice
that
the
Duke
was
marching
against
them
.
For
these
two
years
past
,
the
Emperour
and
Spain
had
press'd
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
to
lay
Siege
to
Casal
,
a
Place
situate
upon
the
River
Po
;
and
so
considerable
for
its
advantageous
Situation
,
betwixt
Savoy
and
the
Milaneze
,
the
Petty
Principalities
of
Mantua
,
Modena
,
and
Parma
.
The
Spaniards
(
who
within
fifty
or
sixty
years
have
besieged
this
Place
five
several
times
)
have
for
a
considerable
time
been
very
ambitious
of
becoming
Masters
of
this
Place
,
which
for
its
convenient
Situation
would
open
to
them
the
way
to
the
Conquest
of
all
Italy
.
The
Emperour's
Design
being
founded
upon
the
same
Maxim
,
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
for
fear
of
endangering
his
own
Liberty
,
had
hitherto
refused
to
join
with
them
in
the
Siege
of
this
Place
.
But
the
Council
at
Viena
having
at
last
found
Means
,
to
remove
all
Jealousy
,
perswaded
the
Duke
to
consent
to
it
.
Accordingly
they
made
prodigious
Preparations
for
the
carrying
on
of
this
Siege
,
and
that
with
so
much
Expedition
,
Siege
of
Casal
.
that
the
Lines
and
Batteries
were
finished
in
the
Month
of
April
.
But
the
first
Attempt
prov'd
fruitless
,
the
Snows
and
cold
Season
having
obliged
the
Confederate
Army
to
return
to
their
Winter
Quarters
;
so
that
the
Siege
was
not
renew'd
till
five
Weeks
after
.
The
neighbouring
Italian
Princes
finding
them
to
persist
in
their
Resolution
,
were
extreamly
Alarm'd
at
it
,
being
sensible
that
the
Emperour
,
who
had
already
under
the
Pretext
of
providing
his
Forces
with
Winter
Quarters
,
got
a
footing
in
Italy
,
would
by
the
Conquest
of
a
Place
of
such
Consequence
,
open
himself
a
way
into
Italy
.
To
ward
this
Blow
,
these
Princes
took
a
Resolution
,
either
to
endeavour
to
oblige
the
Allies
to
desist
from
this
Attempt
,
or
else
to
intercede
with
our
King
to
restore
the
said
Place
to
the
Duke
of
Mantua
,
with
its
Fortifications
rased
,
under
Condition
that
he
should
be
reimbursed
what
this
Place
had
cost
him
;
for
which
the
said
Princes
engaged
themselves
to
be
Guarantees
.
The
King
had
bought
this
place
for
five
Millions
of
Livres
,
and
it
had
cost
him
three
more
since
,
without
reaping
any
other
Advantage
by
it
,
than
to
be
ready
at
hand
to
succour
the
Princes
of
Italy
;
whereas
we
were
obliged
to
maintain
in
it
a
constant
Garrison
of
our
best
Troops
,
who
might
be
better
employed
elsewhere
.
The
King
having
well
weighed
the
Matter
,
and
that
our
Army
in
Piedmont
was
at
that
time
not
strong
enough
to
engage
the
Enemy
,
or
to
oblige
them
to
raise
the
Siege
,
rather
accepted
their
Propositions
to
rase
the
Fortifications
of
the
Place
,
than
to
sacrifise
four
or
five
thousand
Men
in
the
defence
of
it
.
The
Swiss
Cantons
,
and
the
Venetians
,
having
prevail'd
with
the
Duke
of
Savoy
to
consent
to
this
Treaty
,
the
Emperour
and
Spain
were
obliged
to
accept
of
the
same
Terms
.
Casal
Surrendred
.
Accordingly
Casal
was
surrendred
on
the
tenth
of
July
,
when
the
Enemies
were
not
as
yet
Masters
of
any
of
the
Outworks
after
thirteen
days
of
opening
of
the
Trenches
.
Whilst
the
Confederates
were
before
Casal
,
the
Grand
Confederate
Fleet
,
which
had
been
this
Winter
in
the
Spanish
Ports
,
appear'd
continually
upon
the
Cost
of
Provence
,
to
oblige
our
King
to
employ
part
of
his
Forces
for
the
defence
of
his
Sea-Coasts
on
that
side
,
and
consequently
prevent
the
sending
of
relief
to
Casal
.
The
Fleet
was
but
in
an
indifferent
Condition
by
reason
of
the
great
Mortality
among
the
Seamen
,
occasioned
by
the
want
of
fresh
Provisions
,
and
many
other
Necessaries
,
which
they
could
not
be
furnished
withal
,
but
from
England
;
yet
they
appear'd
so
formidable
,
that
it
was
given
out
they
intended
to
Bombard
Thoulon
and
Marseilles
;
but
knowing
us
to
be
ready
to
give
them
a
warm
Reception
,
they
did
not
think
fit
to
attempt
it
.
They
were
cruising
the
rest
of
the
Summer
in
the
Gulph
of
Lyons
,
in
the
Seas
of
Cardaigne
and
Liguria
;
and
having
been
over-taken
by
a
most
violent
Storm
,
in
which
they
lost
five
of
their
great
Ships
,
they
came
to
an
Anchor
before
Palamos
;
Having
received
Intelligence
that
we
began
to
equip
at
Thoulon
,
they
chose
the
open
Sea
,
cruising
from
one
Place
to
another
,
without
any
other
Design
than
to
pick
up
now
and
then
some
of
our
Privateers
,
and
to
disturb
our
Commerce
.
The
Second
Fleet
of
the
Confederates
in
the
Ocean
consisted
of
Thirty
great
Ships
,
St
Malo
bombarded
.
Twenty
Bomb-Vessels
,
and
many
other
Ships
loaden
with
Ammunition
,
and
other
Necessaries
.
This
Squadron
bombarded
St.
Malo
,
but
did
no
further
damage
than
to
burn
Ten
Houses
,
and
to
endamage
several
others
;
the
whole
Loss
being
computed
at
One
hundred
thousand
Livres
.
But
Dunkirk
being
the
Place
which
the
Enemy
aim'd
at
,
they
were
so
well
prepared
for
their
Reception
,
that
they
appear'd
rather
like
Men
,
with
hopes
of
a
Victory
,
than
discourag'd
with
fear
at
the
Approach
of
an
Enemy
;
the
entrance
of
the
Harbour
being
well
provided
with
Batteries
,
with
Chains
,
and
a
good
number
of
Chaloops
full
of
armed
Men
,
commanded
by
our
best
Marine
Officers
.
Attempt
upon
Dunkirk
.
The
first
Bombs
of
the
Enemies
falling
above
two
hundred
yards
distance
from
the
Town
;
the
Inhabitants
,
even
to
the
Children
got
on
the
top
of
the
Houses
,
and
upon
the
Bastions
,
to
be
Spectators
of
this
Bombardment
.
Four
Fireships
approached
the
wooden
Forts
that
defend
the
Mole
,
but
were
met
by
the
Chaloops
,
who
blew
them
up
into
the
Air
,
in
the
open
Sea
,
in
the
Sight
of
the
People
;
the
same
Chaloops
also
boarded
and
took
one
of
their
great
Ships
,
which
they
set
on
Fire
.
They
threw
in
all
betwixt
eleven
and
twelve
Hundred
Bombs
,
which
did
so
little
damage
that
it
might
be
all
repair'd
for
thirty
Pistols
.
In
hopes
of
better
Success
,
Calais
Bombarded
.
the
same
Fleet
Bombarded
Calais
twice
in
the
Month
of
August
.
But
the
loss
sustain'd
by
both
these
Bombardments
did
scarce
amount
to
ten
thousand
Crowns
.
Another
convincing
Instance
of
what
we
said
before
,
that
their
Enterprizes
at
Sea
succeed
but
seldom
,
and
that
they
rarely
prove
answerable
to
the
vastness
of
their
Expences
.
The
main
effort
of
this
Campaign
,
as
well
as
of
most
of
the
others
,
was
made
on
the
side
of
Flanders
.
The
Armies
Encamped
very
numerous
in
the
Field
on
both
sides
,
and
thirty
Thousand
brave
Fellows
lost
their
Lives
,
without
coming
to
a
Field
Battle
.
For
these
three
years
last
past
the
Confederates
had
formed
a
Design
to
attack
our
Lines
,
to
ravage
our
Conquests
,
and
to
besiege
Dunkirk
.
To
prevent
their
Design
,
the
King
ordered
new
Lines
to
be
made
from
the
Schelde
to
the
Lis
,
and
from
Courtray
to
the
Sea-side
.
Twenty
Thousand
Pioneers
made
a
Ditch
of
fourteen
Thousand
Foot
long
,
fifteen
Foot
broad
,
and
twelve
Foot
deep
,
with
an
Entrenchment
behind
it
of
ten
Foot
high
,
in
less
than
eight
days
time
.
These
Lines
being
a
fresh
Obstacle
to
the
design
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III.
)
he
assembled
the
Confederate
Army
with
all
possible
diligence
near
Ipres
,
to
endeavour
to
obstruct
the
Perfecting
of
this
Work
,
the
Lines
on
that
side
being
not
quite
brought
to
Perfection
.
Our
Army
was
above
five
and
twenty
Thousand
Men
inferiour
in
number
to
theirs
,
and
much
harassed
by
a
long
March
of
twice
four
and
twenty
hours
,
and
consequently
not
in
a
condition
,
without
taking
some
repose
,
to
make
any
considerable
resistance
;
besides
that
,
not
above
one
half
of
their
Train
of
Artillery
was
arrived
in
the
Camp
.
The
Confederate
Army
consisted
of
above
an
Hundred
Thousand
Men
,
all
fresh
Troops
,
provided
with
a
prodigious
Train
of
Artillery
,
so
that
every
thing
seemed
to
concurr
to
their
advantage
;
but
they
let
slip
the
opportunity
of
attacking
us
at
the
right
nick
of
time
;
for
in
a
few
hours
after
our
Cannon
arrived
in
the
Camp
,
and
our
Troops
having
refreshed
themselves
a
little
,
the
Lines
were
brought
to
Perfection
the
next
following
Night
.
Thus
having
miss'd
their
aim
,
they
made
an
attempt
upon
Fort
Knock
,
Attack
of
Fort
Knock.
which
they
attacked
three
several
times
,
and
were
as
often
repulsed
,
with
the
loss
of
two
Thousand
Men
,
so
that
in
eight
days
time
they
had
not
got
an
Inch
of
Ground
.
But
a
little
time
convinc'd
the
World
that
a
much
greater
Design
was
carrying
on
under
the
pretence
of
this
Attack
.
For
in
the
mean
while
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III.
)
had
sent
some
of
his
best
Troops
towards
the
Mesue
,
and
so
soon
as
he
had
received
advice
that
the
Troops
of
Liege
and
Brandenburgh
had
invested
Namur
,
he
and
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
followed
in
Person
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Army
to
assist
at
the
Siege
,
leaving
only
thirty
Thousand
Men
under
the
Command
of
the
Prince
of
Vaudemont
in
the
Lower
Flanders
.
Namur
was
so
well
provided
with
every
thing
necessary
for
its
defence
,
that
it
was
not
questioned
but
it
would
make
a
long
and
vigorous
resistance
.
Lewis
Francis
,
Marshal
of
Bouflers
had
thrown
himself
into
the
place
the
same
day
it
was
Invested
.
There
was
a
Garrison
in
it
of
ten
Thousand
eight
hundred
Men
,
many
good
Officers
,
and
a
great
number
of
brave
Volunteers
,
and
Ammunition
more
than
was
requisite
for
its
defence
;
all
which
advantages
appeared
to
be
such
obstacles
to
the
Enemies
,
that
most
were
of
Opinion
they
would
be
too
many
for
them
to
surmount
,
and
that
they
would
be
forced
to
quit
this
Enterprize
.
The
Marshal
de
Luxenburgh
died
in
the
beginning
of
January
of
a
Pleurisie
,
Death
of
the
Marshal
de
Luxenburgh
.
which
proved
a
considerable
loss
to
the
King
,
there
being
not
a
General
left
who
surpassed
him
in
Experience
and
Conduct
,
by
which
he
had
made
his
Name
glorious
to
the
World
,
and
dreadful
to
the
Enemy
.
The
King
having
received
news
of
the
Siege
,
sent
his
Orders
to
Francis
de
Neuville
Villeroy
,
Marshal
of
France
,
who
suceeded
the
Duke
of
Luxenburgh
in
the
Command
of
the
Grand
Army
in
Flanders
,
to
enter
the
Lower
Flanders
,
and
if
possible
,
to
fight
the
Prince
of
Vaudemont
.
Retreat
of
prince
Vaudemont
Pursuant
to
these
Orders
he
advanced
towards
the
Enemy
,
who
would
infallibly
have
been
put
to
the
rout
,
if
the
Prince
,
pursuant
to
his
Orders
of
avoiding
any
Engagement
,
had
not
found
means
to
make
a
safe
Retreat
;
so
that
in
lieu
of
routing
the
whole
Army
(
of
which
in
all
humane
appearance
but
few
could
have
escaped
)
we
were
forced
to
be
contented
with
the
defeat
of
two
of
their
Regiments
,
who
were
most
of
them
cut
to
pieces
in
the
Pursuit
.
The
most
Fortunate
Retreat
that
ever
was
made
;
for
if
the
Princes
Army
had
been
routed
,
the
Confederates
must
of
necessity
have
raised
the
Siege
of
Namur
.
Ten
days
after
this
retreat
the
Duke
de
Villeroy
Besieged
Dixmuyden
,
The
taking
of
Deinse
and
Dixmuyden
.
which
place
surrendered
in
four
and
twenty
hours
;
Deinse
opened
its
Gates
at
the
approach
of
our
Forces
.
There
were
above
eight
thousand
Men
of
well
disciplin'd
Troops
in
these
two
places
,
who
were
all
made
Prisoners
of
War
,
besides
which
,
we
found
the
Magazine
as
full
of
all
sorts
of
Ammunition
,
and
this
part
of
the
Country
having
been
preserved
on
purpose
by
the
Confederates
,
our
Soldiers
got
an
incredible
Booty
.
By
the
Conquest
of
the
two
Places
,
our
Forces
having
open'd
themselves
the
waytowards
Ghent
and
Antwerp
,
the
Flemmings
as
well
as
the
Hollanders
were
extreamly
allarm'd
at
it
,
especially
when
they
saw
them
advance
but
slowly
in
the
Siege
of
Namur
,
tho'
they
were
plentifully
provided
with
every
thing
for
a
vigorous
Attack
,
and
that
they
had
the
advantage
of
very
fair
Weather
,
whereas
at
the
time
when
we
besieged
it
,
our
Forces
were
not
only
to
fight
against
the
bravery
of
the
Garrison
,
but
also
against
the
Inconveniencies
of
a
Rainy
and
Stormy
Season
.
They
had
raised
before
it
thirty
Batteries
,
upon
which
were
mounted
an
Hundred
and
thirty
pieces
of
Cannon
,
Siege
of
Namur
by
the
Allies
.
and
Fourscore
Mortars
.
This
dreadful
Artillery
play'd
without
Intermission
against
the
Place
,
as
long
as
the
Siege
lasted
,
in
which
they
consumed
three
Millions
of
Powder
.
Their
Army
was
very
formidable
,
and
constantly
reinforc'd
with
fresh
Troops
;
what
Place
is
able
to
hold
out
against
such
an
Attack
?
Notwithstanding
all
these
Advantages
,
the
Confederates
could
not
be
Masters
of
the
whole
,
till
after
a
Siege
of
two
Months
,
the
Besieged
,
like
brave
Soldiers
,
disputing
with
them
every
Inch
of
Ground
.
Of
this
we
saw
an
Instance
at
the
taking
of
the
Entrenchments
,
which
were
made
only
in
haste
at
some
distance
from
the
Town
,
to
hinder
the
sudden
approach
of
an
Enemy
.
Monsieur
de
Regnac
,
who
commanded
them
in
Chief
,
made
so
many
Sallies
as
fill'd
up
their
Trenches
,
threw
up
whole
Battallions
by
the
springing
of
his
Mines
,
into
the
Air
,
that
it
cost
the
Enemy
eight
days
time
before
they
could
make
themselves
Masters
of
them
,
after
they
had
been
repulsed
in
the
first
Assault
,
and
that
the
French
had
been
reduc'd
to
these
streights
as
not
to
have
room
enough
left
to
make
new
Entrenchments
.
The
Trenches
opened
before
Namur
,
betwixt
the
11th
and
12th
of
July
.
The
City
did
not
Capitulate
till
after
four
and
twenty
days
of
opening
of
the
Trenches
,
all
their
covert
ways
,
and
other
Outworks
being
so
entirely
ruin'd
by
the
Enemies
great
Artillery
,
that
without
the
utmost
hazard
they
could
not
pretend
to
sustain
a
third
Assault
.
The
first
assault
was
the
most
terrible
that
had
been
seen
in
the
Memory
of
Man
,
it
being
no
less
obstinate
than
bloody
.
It
was
a
most
dreadful
Sight
to
behold
the
dead
Carcasses
lying
in
great
Heaps
,
and
to
hear
the
doleful
Groans
and
Cries
of
the
dying
and
wounded
Soldiers
.
The
Allies
renew'd
the
Attack
four
several
times
,
without
being
able
to
lodge
themselves
within
either
of
the
Trenches
,
though
all
the
same
time
these
were
seconded
by
a
shower
of
Carcasses
,
Bombs
,
The
City
of
Namur
taken
.
and
red
hot
Bullets
,
which
were
shot
within
the
Works
of
the
Town
.
This
brave
Resistance
giving
us
all
imaginable
hopes
that
the
Castle
would
be
able
to
defend
it self
much
longer
,
the
Marshal
de
Villeroy
advanc'd
with
his
Army
towards
Brussels
to
Bombard
that
Place
,
unless
the
Confederades
would
agree
not
to
Bombard
any
place
for
the
future
without
a
formal
Siege
.
Never
was
any
Enterprize
more
advantageously
undertaken
,
and
more
dexteously
manag'd
than
this
Bombardment
.
For
within
the
place
was
a
very
strong
Garrison
,
Brussels
Bombarded
.
and
the
Prince
of
Vaudemont
with
his
Army
was
Encamp'd
under
the
Walls
;
besides
that
another
flying
Body
of
at
least
Twelve
Thousand
Men
was
continually
in
Motion
to
observe
us
,
and
one
side
of
the
Town
was
laid
under
Water
.
At
the
end
of
a
great
Causey
(
the
only
way
by
which
we
could
approach
the
Town
,
)
the
Enemies
had
made
an
Entrenchment
of
twenty
Foot
high
,
having
before
it
a
low
way
,
which
served
for
a
Ditch
.
But
all
these
Obstacles
were
not
sufficient
to
hinder
the
Marshal
de
Villeroy
from
opening
his
Trenches
,
and
raising
his
Batteries
in
spite
of
all
their
Entrenchments
,
neither
the
Garrison
,
or
of
Prince
Vaudemont's
Army
which
laid
Entrenched
on
the
backside
of
the
Town
,
making
the
least
Motion
,
either
at
our
Arrival
before
,
or
at
our
Marching
off
from
before
the
Place
.
All
the
Batteries
being
ready
to
Play
,
the
Marshal
de
Villeroy
sent
his
Propositions
,
of
not
Bombarding
any
Place
for
the
future
without
a
formal
Siege
.
But
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
,
whose
Intention
was
to
gain
time
,
being
come
to
Brussels
,
the
Marshal
threw
four
Thousand
Bombs
in
three
Nights
time
into
the
Place
.
'T
is
impossible
to
express
the
Confusion
and
Terrour
occasioned
by
the
fury
of
our
Bombs
in
so
populous
a
City
.
The
best
and
strongest
Edifices
being
destroyed
,
and
two
thirds
of
the
whole
City
either
Burnt
,
or
laid
Level
to
the
Ground
.
From
hence
our
Army
Marched
towards
Namur
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III
)
having
received
Intelligence
of
their
Approach
,
and
being
joined
by
the
Prince
of
Vaudemont
,
and
another
Re-inforcement
drew
up
his
whole
Army
behind
his
Lines
,
leaving
only
Twenty
Thousand
Men
to
guard
the
Trenches
,
with
a
Resolution
to
avoid
Fighting
as
long
as
possible
he
could
,
and
to
keep
on
the
Defensive
,
being
covered
on
all
sides
by
unpassable
Boggs
,
thick
Wood
and
Hedges
,
and
defended
by
double
Entrenchments
at
all
the
Avenues
.
The
Marshal
de
Villeroy
left
nothing
unattempted
upon
this
Occasion
;
he
himself
went
in
Person
to
take
a
View
of
the
Woods
and
Defiles
,
to
see
whether
by
some
way
or
other
it
were
not
possible
to
force
the
Enemies
Quarters
without
too
much
exposing
the
Soldiers
to
the
Slaughter
,
but
found
all
the
Avenues
so
well
secur'd
,
that
it
was
impossible
to
attack
the
Enemy
,
All
the
hopes
of
Relief
being
cut
off
by
the
Retreat
of
the
French
Army
.
The
Confederates
attack'd
the
Castle
with
new
Vigour
.
Their
great
Artillery
had
done
such
terrible
Execution
against
the
Castle
,
that
all
the
Out-works
appear'd
no
otherwise
than
like
so
many
heaps
of
Stone
or
Rubbish
,
the
poor
Soldiers
being
for
the
most
part
forced
to
shelter
themselves
in
the
Vaults
against
the
Fury
of
the
Bombs
and
Bullets
which
made
Breaches
every
where
,
each
of
which
was
big
enough
for
a
whole
Battallion
to
Mount
in
Front
.
The
Marshal
de
Boufleurs
having
refused
to
hearken
to
the
Summons
sent
him
by
the
Confederates
,
they
prepared
for
a
general
Assault
,
which
was
made
in
eleven
several
places
at
once
.
The
day
appointed
for
this
Bloody
Action
being
come
,
the
Besieged
saw
about
ten
a
Clock
in
the
Morning
the
Enemies
Infantry
appear
in
two
Columns
above
the
Trenches
,
advancing
in
good
order
towards
the
Breaches
.
Three
Thousand
of
their
best
Men
,
at
the
Head
of
whom
were
the
English
Granadiers
,
did
out-brave
all
the
rest
in
attempting
to
mount
the
Breach
made
in
the
Body
of
the
Castle
.
There
was
at
least
six
Hundred
Yards
distance
betwixt
the
head
of
the
Trenches
and
the
said
Breach
,
defended
on
both
sides
with
several
Out
works
,
well
provided
with
a
sufficient
number
of
Soldiers
But
those
brave
Fellows
made
their
way
thro'
all
these
Obstacles
,
and
advanced
so
briskly
in
spight
of
the
Enemies
Fire
,
which
galled
them
so
in
Front
and
Flank
,
that
the
first
Battallion
planted
their
Colours
on
the
top
of
the
Breach
.
This
Battallion
being
brought
into
Confusion
by
the
irresistible
Bravery
of
the
Besieged
,
the
second
took
their
place
,
till
being
quite
broken
as
well
as
the
former
,
the
flying
Soldiers
pressing
upon
one
another
,
brought
the
rest
that
were
to
Second
them
likewise
in
Coufusion
,
who
thereupon
retreated
in
great
disorder
.
All
the
other
Assaults
were
made
and
repulsed
with
the
same
Bravery
,
notwithstanding
the
Garrison
was
quite
exhausted
of
Strength
by
the
continual
Fatigues
,
and
for
want
of
Rest
;
but
being
animated
by
the
Example
of
the
Marshal
▪
and
the
rest
of
the
Officers
,
who
also
remonstrated
to
them
that
the
Honour
of
the
Nation
laid
at
Stake
,
and
that
their
safety
depended
only
on
the
points
of
their
Swords
;
they
gave
such
Signal
Proofs
of
their
Bravery
,
that
the
Enemies
were
repulsed
in
all
their
Attacks
with
great
Slaughter
,
which
lasted
till
five
a
Clock
in
the
Afternoon
.
This
was
a
most
glorious
day
for
the
Besieged
;
but
they
had
lost
so
many
of
their
Men
in
this
occasion
,
that
finding
themselves
not
in
a
Capacity
to
sustain
another
Assault
,
the
Marshal
de
Bouflers
was
forc'd
to
Capitulate
,
The
Castle
of
Namur
surrender'd
.
and
to
surrender
the
Castle
on
the
first
day
of
November
.
Namur
was
purchased
at
a
very
dear
rate
by
the
Confederates
,
who
,
beside
the
immense
Expences
bestowed
in
the
carrying
on
of
this
Siege
,
lost
twenty
Thousand
Men
,
the
Flower
of
their
whole
Army
.
The
Confederates
being
flush'd
with
this
Success
,
Campaign
1666.
boasted
every
where
of
this
Conquest
,
but
the
wiser
sort
among
them
were
not
much
overjoyed
at
this
Advantage
,
as
looking
upon
it
as
a
means
to
retard
the
conclusion
of
a
Peace
.
For
the
People
being
exhausted
with
Taxes
,
wished
very
earnestly
for
a
Peace
,
as
the
only
means
to
free
them
from
those
heavy
Impositions
.
Their
Commerce
was
considerably
diminished
,
our
Privateers
,
who
continually
infested
their
Coasts
,
taking
some
of
them
every
Day
;
it
having
been
Computed
,
that
the
English
alone
have
since
the
beginning
of
this
War
,
lost
four
Thousand
two
Hundred
Merchant
Men
,
valued
by
themselves
at
thirty
Millions
of
Sterling
.
But
there
appeared
in
England
many
other
Causes
of
Intestine
Divisions
and
Confusion
.
For
the
Money
began
to
be
very
scarce
,
and
was
so
much
Clipp'd
of
late
Years
,
that
its
intrinsick
value
did
not
amount
to
two
thirds
,
sometimes
not
to
one
half
of
what
it
ought
to
be
.
As
nothing
is
more
pernicious
and
destructive
to
Commerce
than
the
adulteration
of
Money
,
so
these
Disorders
made
many
grumble
against
the
Government
,
it
being
a
customary
thing
for
the
Common
People
to
impute
any
publick
Disaster
to
the
mis-management
of
those
at
the
Helm
,
which
was
also
improved
by
a
Party
,
who
insinuated
into
the
People
that
great
store
of
the
English
Coin
was
Transported
into
Holland
.
The
Agents
of
the
King
of
England
believing
the
present
juncture
very
favourable
to
their
Design
,
set
all
their
Engines
at
work
for
his
Restauration
.
They
brought
over
many
to
their
side
,
some
out
of
Novelty
,
others
being
moved
by
a
seasonable
Repentance
,
others
out
of
Affection
to
their
King
joined
in
the
Design
of
restoring
him
to
the
Throne
.
They
could
scarce
have
wish'd
for
a
more
favourable
Opportunity
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III.
)
having
left
the
Kingdom
destitute
of
Troops
,
and
without
a
Fleet
to
guard
the
Coasts
.
All
his
Troops
were
transported
to
Flanders
,
the
grand
Fleet
was
at
Cadiz
,
and
a
good
Squadron
of
his
best
Ships
lately
gone
out
of
the
Downs
,
to
join
those
in
the
Streights
.
The
King
of
England
encourag'd
by
these
hopes
of
Success
,
came
to
Calais
with
a
Body
of
Sixteen
Thousand
Men
of
old
Troops
,
under
the
Command
of
several
experienc'd
Generals
,
who
were
ready
to
Embark
at
an
hours
warning
.
But
the
Winds
proving
contrary
for
some
time
,
the
whole
Design
was
discover'd
,
and
we
lost
at
once
both
the
time
and
hopes
of
putting
it
in
Execution
.
For
no
sooner
had
the
Dutch
received
Intelligence
of
this
intended
descent
;
but
they
put
to
Sea
with
a
Squadron
of
twelve
stout
Ships
,
which
cruised
before
Calais
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
K.
William
III.
without
shewing
the
least
Concern
at
the
greatness
of
the
Danger
,
soon
found
means
to
disperse
these
Clouds
.
He
secured
many
suspected
Persons
,
recalled
his
Fleets
,
and
some
of
his
Troops
out
of
Flanders
,
and
secur'd
the
Sea-Coasts
on
that
side
,
which
was
most
exposed
to
danger
,
with
a
good
Body
of
the
Militia
.
A
Plot
,
when
once
discover'd
,
seldom
takes
effect●
,
and
in
lieu
of
proving
destructive
to
those
against
whom
it
was
intended
,
prroves
generally
the
chief
means
of
their
Establishment
.
Both
the
Houses
of
Parliament
gave
upon
this
occasion
new
Demonstrations
of
their
Zeal
and
firm
Adherence
to
the
Interest
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
(
King
William
III.
)
by
entring
into
an
Association
not
only
to
maintain
his
Interest
against
all
Pretenders
,
but
also
to
revenge
his
Death
if
he
should
happen
to
be
snatch'd
away
by
some
sinister
Attempt
against
his
Life
.
Having
received
these
fresh
Assurances
of
their
Zeal
for
his
Person
and
Interest
,
he
took
such
sure
measures
to
prevent
all
future
Danger
of
this
kind
,
that
without
any
further
delay
he
passed
over
into
Flanders
.
At
his
Arrival
in
Flanders
he
found
the
King's
Armies
in
the
Field
before
him
,
and
in
the
Spanish
Territories
.
The
King
having
taken
a
Resolution
to
be
upon
the
defensive
,
and
sent
his
Orders
to
the
Marshal
de
Villeroy
,
who
was
to
Command
the
French
Army
in
the
Lower
Flanders
,
to
possess
himself
at
the
beginning
of
the
Campaign
of
some
advantageous
Post
,
from
whence
he
might
both
observe
the
Enemies
Motions
,
and
prevent
their
Designs
,
and
subsist
in
their
Territories
till
the
end
of
the
Campaign
.
The
Army
near
the
Meuse
was
Commanded
by
the
Marshal
de
Bouflers
,
who
,
pursuant
to
the
King's
Orders
,
had
divided
his
Army
into
four
several
Bodies
,
at
such
a
convenient
distance
as
to
be
able
to
join
upon
any
occasion
,
and
at
the
same
time
to
cover
the
French
Conquests
.
All
the
measures
taken
by
the
Confederates
being
broken
by
these
seasonable
Precautions
,
they
were
forced
to
consume
their
own
Territories
,
all
the
Summer
long
,
without
being
able
to
undertake
a
Siege
,
or
come
to
an
Engagement
,
though
they
appear'd
more
formidable
now
than
ever
.
Their
Fleet
consisted
of
an
Hundred
and
Thirty
Sail
,
but
did
no
other
feats
but
to
burn
a
few
Houses
at
Calais
,
near
the
Sands
of
Cologne
,
and
at
St.
Martins
.
They
had
three
Armies
in
the
Low-Countries
,
one
consisting
of
five
and
twenty
,
or
thirty
Thousand
Men
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Prince
of
Vaudemont
in
the
Lower
Flanders
,
which
however
was
not
strong
enough
to
Encounter
the
Marshal
de
Villeroy
,
who
Forraged
to
the
very
Gates
of
Ghent
,
and
exacted
Contributions
from
all
the
circumjacent
Countries
.
Their
Grand
Army
at
least
half
as
strong
again
,
threatned
sometimes
one
,
sometimes
another
Place
with
a
Siege
,
but
could
not
meet
with
a
favourable
opportunity
to
put
it
in
Execution
.
A
third
Army
of
eighteen
or
twenty
Thousand
Men
,
all
Germans
,
advanced
towards
the
side
of
Namur
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Landgrave
of
Hesse-Cassal
.
They
remain'd
in
that
Post
for
about
a
Month
,
when
for
want
of
Pay
,
or
opportunity
of
being
employed
in
Flanders
,
they
returned
towards
the
Rhine
.
Neither
did
the
Confederates
act
with
much
better
Success
on
the
German
side
.
The
Prince
of
Baden
keeping
close
within
his
Lines
till
the
latter
end
of
August
,
not
thinking
it
adviseable
to
meet
the
Marshal
de
Choiseul
,
who
had
passed
the
Rhine
with
the
French
Army
,
and
stayed
on
this
side
near
six
Weeks
.
After
the
return
of
the
Landgrave
of
Hesse
,
the
Prince
of
Baden
passed
the
Rhine
,
and
in
Conjunction
with
the
rest
,
Marched
towards
Philipsbourgh
,
without
attempting
any
thing
against
the
Place
.
They
afterwards
advanced
nearer
the
Marshal
,
but
spent
the
rest
of
their
time
in
Cannonading
one
anothers
Camp
,
without
coming
to
an
Engagement
.
The
Duke
of
Vendosme
had
but
a
small
Army
in
Catalonia
,
more
considerable
for
the
goodness
of
his
Troops
than
their
Number
.
Yet
he
remained
Master
of
the
Field
all
that
Campaign
,
being
belov'd
and
esteem'd
by
the
Inhabitants
of
the
Country
,
and
dreaded
by
the
Spaniards
.
He
defeated
the
Body
of
their
Cavalry
,
much
Superiour
in
number
of
Squadrons
to
his
.
He
demolish'd
many
of
their
Castles
which
served
them
for
places
of
Retreat
.
He
observed
so
closely
the
Motions
of
their
Army
,
that
he
enclosed
them
betwixt
the
Mountains
and
their
Entrenchment
,
where
,
without
striking
a
Stroak
,
they
lost
more
Men
than
they
could
have
done
in
an
Engagement
.
In
Italy
the
Marshal
de
Catinat
appear'd
in
the
Field
with
a
very
numerous
Army
,
composed
of
some
of
our
best
Troops
,
the
King
having
taken
a
resolution
either
to
Conquer
all
the
Country
as
yet
remaining
under
the
Obedience
of
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
or
to
oblige
that
Prince
to
accept
of
a
Peace
.
So
soon
as
the
Enemy
receiv'd
Intelligence
that
the
French
were
preparing
to
pass
the
Mountains
,
they
employ'd
a
great
number
of
Workmen
to
cover
the
City
of
Turin
against
any
Attempt
,
by
making
strong
Lines
and
Entrenchments
,
they
carried
all
the
common
Cattle
into
places
of
Security
,
and
by
their
Army
,
and
numerous
Parties
which
they
sent
abroad
every
Day
,
endeavour'd
to
hinder
our
Communication
with
Pignerol
.
Our
Army
finding
nothing
else
to
subsist
on
but
what
they
were
supply'd
with
by
our
Convoys
,
did
suffer
Extreamly
in
their
March
,
which
was
not
very
hasty
,
we
being
at
the
same
time
in
Treaty
with
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
and
upon
the
point
of
concluding
it
.
After
the
Breach
of
the
Truce
,
the
King
had
in
his
Manifest
sufficiently
testified
his
Intention
of
Sacrificing
all
his
Conquests
to
the
re-establishment
of
the
publick
Tranquility
,
and
that
he
had
not
taken
up
Arms
to
enlarge
his
Frontiers
,
but
to
defend
himself
against
the
Attempts
of
the
Confederate
Princes
.
Upon
the
same
score
it
was
,
that
both
before
the
Siege
of
Philipsbourgh
and
after
the
reduction
not
only
of
that
Place
,
but
also
of
the
whole
Palatinate
,
he
pressed
the
Allies
to
change
the
Truce
made
at
Ratisbonne
,
in
the
Year
1684.
into
a
lasting
Peace
.
Upon
the
same
account
also
after
taking
Villa
Franca
Nice
,
and
Montmelian
,
he
offer'd
the
Duke
of
Savoy
to
restore
to
him
all
the
Conquests
he
had
made
on
that
side
.
Casal
being
demolish'd
since
that
time
,
the
Duke
of
Savoy's
Inclinations
began
to
bend
strongly
towards
a
Peace
.
Peace
is
so
desirable
in
it self
,
that
when
offer'd
ought
not
to
be
refus'd
.
Happy
is
that
Prince
who
knows
how
to
improve
such
an
Opportunity
to
his
own
Advantage
.
'T
is
true
,
the
Duke
made
some
Preparations
in
the
next
Spring
to
Besiege
Pignerol
,
but
his
Intention
was
rather
to
oblige
us
to
demolish
it
than
to
reduce
it
by
force
of
Arms.
He
had
Espoused
one
of
the
Daughters
of
the
Duke
of
Orleance
,
only
Brother
to
our
King
,
who
having
no
Daughters
,
had
Married
the
eldest
of
his
Nieces
to
the
King
of
Spain
,
the
second
to
the
Duke
of
Savoy
.
The
Queen
of
Spain
died
without
Issue
,
but
the
Dutchess
of
Savoy
had
had
three
Princesses
;
to
one
of
these
the
King
resolv'd
to
Marry
the
eldest
of
his
Grandsons
,
to
renew
by
this
Marriage
the
ancient
Alliance
betwixt
France
and
the
Duke
of
Savoy
.
This
Alliance
and
the
present
Advantage
of
removing
these
inconveniencies
which
attended
the
War
at
so
great
a
distance
,
made
the
King
consent
to
the
demolishing
of
Pignerol
,
and
to
restore
the
Duke
into
the
immediate
Possession
of
all
his
Territories
,
except
Susa
,
Nice
,
and
Montmelian
,
which
were
to
be
left
in
the
King's
Hands
till
the
Conclusion
of
the
general
Peace
.
The
Duke
on
the
other
Hand
oblig'd
himself
by
a
separate
Article
,
Peace
with
the
Duke
of
Savoy
in
August
.
to
propose
to
the
Confederates
a
Neutrality
in
Italy
,
and
if
they
refused
to
accept
of
it
,
to
join
his
Forces
with
France
to
oblige
them
to
it
.
During
the
Treaty
with
Savoy
,
the
King
had
granted
a
Truce
for
one
Month
,
which
afterwards
was
prolonged
at
the
Request
of
the
Pope
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Princes
of
Italy
,
who
were
not
willing
to
let
slip
this
opportunity
that
offer'd
,
to
rid
their
hands
of
the
German
,
and
other
Forreign
Forces
.
But
the
Confederates
were
so
far
from
accepting
the
Dukes
Propositions
,
that
on
the
contrary
they
left
no
stone
unturn'd
,
by
threats
,
and
Promises
,
to
perswade
him
to
alter
his
Resolution
.
But
he
stood
immovable
to
all
these
Insinuations
,
and
the
time
of
the
Truce
being
expir'd
,
Siege
of
Valenza
.
join'd
his
Forces
with
those
of
our
King
's
,
who
advanc'd
towards
the
Milaneze
Territories
,
to
form
the
Siege
of
Valenza
.
The
Marshal
de
Catinat
Commanded
both
these
Armies
under
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
and
the
Trenches
being
opened
before
the
Place
towards
the
end
of
September
,
we
caried
on
our
Works
with
such
Success
,
that
the
Place
was
just
upon
the
point
of
Capitulating
,
Neutrality
for
Italy
when
a
Messenger
arrived
in
the
Camp
on
the
ninth
day
of
October
,
with
this
agreeable
News
,
that
at
last
the
Ministers
of
the
Emperor
,
and
Spain
had
accepted
of
the
Neutrality
;
the
chiefest
Conditions
were
,
That
the
Princes
of
Italy
should
allow
a
certain
Sum
to
the
Emperor
,
to
redeem
the
Winter-Quarters
.
And
that
the
German
Forces
should
begin
their
March
,
in
order
to
return
into
their
own
Country
,
the
same
day
that
the
King's
Army
in
Italy
,
should
return
into
France
.
The
King
gain'd
great
Advantages
by
the
Peace
of
Italy
;
Thirty
Thousand
Men
of
his
best
Troops
,
with
a
great
General
,
who
had
hitherto
been
Employed
on
that
side
,
might
be
made
use
of
with
much
less
Expence
against
the
Enemy
in
another
place
,
which
must
needs
oblige
them
then
to
make
a
Peace
with
us
,
or
to
continue
the
War
with
more
Vigour
,
and
greater
Expences
than
before
.
We
reap'd
also
another
Advantage
by
it
,
which
ought
not
to
be
pass'd
by
in
Silence
,
which
was
the
Princess
Maria
Adalaida
,
The
Dutchess
of
Burgundy
.
Eldest
Daughter
of
Victor
Amadeus
II.
Duke
of
Savoy
,
and
Anna
Mariae
of
Orleance
,
Spouse
to
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
.
After
the
Ratification
of
the
Peace
,
this
Princess
was
conducted
into
France
,
though
the
Consummation
of
the
Marriage
was
deferr'd
for
fifteen
Months
longer
.
She
was
all
that
time
not
quite
Eleven
Years
of
Age
,
but
shew'd
such
a
vivacity
of
Wit
,
and
so
much
Conduct
in
all
her
Actions
,
that
she
was
the
admiration
of
the
whole
Court
;
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
being
not
then
above
fourteen
years
;
Maria
Victoria
of
Bavaria
,
Dauphine
of
France
,
died
in
the
Year
1690.
in
the
Flower
of
her
Age
;
Death
of
the
Dauphiness
.
she
was
a
Princess
of
Extraordinary
Merit
,
of
a
great
Soul
,
whose
chiefest
aim
was
to
see
the
Princes
her
Sons
Educated
in
the
love
of
Vertue
and
glorious
Actions
.
Betwixt
this
Princess
,
and
Lewis
,
Dauphin
of
France
were
begotten
three
Princes
,
Lewis
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
born
the
eighth
day
of
August
,
in
the
year
1682.
Philip
,
The
three
sons
of
the
Dauphin
.
Duke
of
Anjou
,
born
on
the
29th
day
of
December
,
in
the
Year
1683.
and
Charles
Duke
of
Berry
,
on
the
31st
of
August
,
in
the
Year
1684.
Never
had
any
Princes
in
the
World
more
noble
Education
,
their
generous
Inclinations
being
improved
,
not
only
by
their
Governour
Paul
,
Duke
de
Beauvilliers
Saint
Aignant
,
and
their
Tutor
,
Francis
de
Salignac
Fenelon
,
Archbishop
of
Cambray
,
but
also
by
the
singular
Care
of
the
King
and
Dauphin
,
who
with
so
much
Application
did
shew
them
the
way
to
true
Vertue
,
that
following
both
the
Footsteps
and
Instructions
of
such
Guides
,
there
never
appear'd
in
any
Princes
in
the
World
more
noble
Sentiments
,
and
generous
Inclinations
,
than
in
these
three
;
the
Eldest
having
given
already
to
the
French
Nation
,
by
his
happy
disposition
to
Vertuous
Actions
,
all
the
imaginable
hopes
of
becoming
one
day
a
great
Prince
.
If
the
vertuous
Inclinations
of
Princes
are
like
Springs
,
which
derive
their
noble
Effects
,
and
Communicate
them
to
their
Subjects
,
nothing
is
so
great
but
what
may
be
expected
from
the
happy
Marriage
of
so
accomplish'd
a
Prince
,
with
a
Princess
,
whose
Merits
equalize
,
if
not
surpass
her
high
Extraction
,
and
that
most
eminent
Station
she
is
placed
by
Providence
in
the
World
.
The
Peace
of
Italy
proved
the
happy
forerunner
of
a
general
Peace
.
It
was
two
years
since
,
several
Proposals
had
been
made
upon
that
Account
,
which
were
often
changed
,
according
to
the
several
change
of
Affairs
in
Christendom
,
matters
being
at
that
time
not
brought
to
a
perfect
Maturity
.
But
towards
the
latter
end
of
this
Campaign
there
appear'd
more
disposition
in
the
Confederates
for
a
Peace
,
than
before
;
and
the
People
both
in
England
and
Holland
shew'd
much
eagerness
for
it
,
the
Allies
were
for
the
most
part
discouraged
by
the
many
Disappointments
they
had
met
with
,
and
most
of
them
having
no
particular
Interest
in
the
War
,
began
to
hearken
to
these
Proposals
,
which
were
made
on
our
King's
behalf
,
to
give
Satisfaction
to
some
of
the
Confederate
Princes
;
thus
every
thing
seem'd
to
tend
towards
the
Conclusion
of
a
general
Peace
,
if
an
un-foreseen
Obstacle
had
not
overturn'd
all
these
fair
hopes
.
Charles
II.
Charles
II.
K.
of
spain
.
the
present
King
of
Spain
,
happen'd
to
fall
ill
in
the
beginning
of
October
,
so
as
to
have
three
several
Relapses
in
less
than
six
Weeks
time
.
This
Prince
having
no
Issue
,
and
all
Europe
taking
Interest
in
the
Quarrel
which
was
like
to
arise
after
his
Death
about
the
Succession
;
the
Confederates
shew'd
not
much
forwardness
to
bring
it
to
a
Conclusion
,
till
after
the
recovery
of
this
Monarch
.
It
was
perhaps
upon
this
score
that
the
Ministers
of
the
Emperor
,
and
of
some
of
the
rest
of
the
Confederate
Princes
,
found
means
to
raise
many
difficulties
concerning
the
Passes
,
and
the
place
where
the
Ambassadours
were
to
meet
to
carry
on
the
Negotiation
of
Peace
.
The
Conferences
were
already
begun
at
the
Hague
,
as
being
the
Center
where
the
Ministers
of
the
Consederacy
used
to
meet
,
besides
that
the
Dutch
shewed
more
Inclination
for
the
Peace
than
the
rest
,
and
made
use
of
all
their
Endeavours
to
promote
so
great
a
Work
.
Money
began
to
be
so
scarce
among
them
,
that
they
were
hardly
put
to
it
to
find
means
for
the
raising
of
new
Troops
,
to
furnish
their
Quota
of
Men
and
Money
,
which
made
up
the
largest
share
of
the
whole
Confederacy
.
They
were
also
under
some
apprehensions
that
the
Catholick
Princes
might
be
prevail'd
upon
,
either
by
the
Mediation
of
the
Pope
,
or
of
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
to
conclude
a
separate
Peace
.
For
since
the
Conclusion
of
the
Peace
in
Italy
,
the
Emperor's
Minister
remain'd
still
at
Turin
.
The
Governour
of
Milan
had
also
taken
several
Journeys
thither
;
the
Count
de
Tesse
resided
there
in
our
King's
behalf
,
and
the
Marshal
de
Catinat
had
stayed
there
for
some
time
before
he
repassed
the
Alpes
.
The
long
stay
of
these
Ministers
in
a
Court
which
so
lately
had
changed
its
Interest
,
their
frequent
Conferences
,
the
many
Messengers
that
were
continually
sent
forwards
and
backwards
,
betwixt
Paris
,
Vienna
,
and
Madrid
,
raised
no
small
jealousie
in
the
Dutch
,
and
made
them
fear
,
lest
,
if
the
Emperour
,
the
King
of
Spain
,
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
,
and
the
other
Catholick
Princes
should
make
a
separate
Peace
,
they
would
be
left
a
Sacrifice
to
France
.
But
whilst
these
debates
lasted
,
both
Parties
began
to
make
greater
Preparations
than
ever
for
the
Prosecution
of
the
War
.
Campaign
of
1697.
The
King's
Power
appear'd
more
formidable
than
it
did
nine
Years
ago
,
for
he
had
more
Money
,
more
Troops
,
and
better
Officers
,
than
at
the
beginning
of
the
War
.
His
Forces
,
both
in
Garrisons
,
and
in
the
Field
,
were
counted
to
consist
of
four
hundred
and
twenty
thousand
Men
,
to
wit
,
three
hundred
and
fifty
Thousand
Foot
,
and
threescore
and
ten
Thousand
Horse
,
without
reckoning
those
Employed
in
the
Sea-Service
,
who
were
no
less
considerable
this
Year
than
at
any
time
before
,
the
King
having
applied
all
his
Care
to
Arm
in
all
his
Ports
,
and
Equip
all
the
biggest
and
best
of
his
Ships
.
The
Confederates
on
the
other
side
having
taken
a
resolution
to
make
their
last
Efforts
this
Campaign
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
(
King
William
III.
)
and
the
Dutch
made
a
defensive
League
with
the
King
of
Denmark
,
by
Vertue
of
which
he
was
obliged
to
furnish
them
with
a
certain
number
of
Troops
,
and
a
Squadron
of
Men
of
War
.
But
in
the
midst
of
all
these
vast
Preparations
,
the
Plenipotentiaries
of
all
the
Princes
that
were
engag'd
in
this
Bloody
War
,
began
to
open
the
Conferences
for
the
Conclusion
of
the
Peace
.
Delft
and
the
Hague
were
pitch'd
upon
for
the
Places
of
Residence
of
these
Ministers
,
and
the
Castle
of
Riswick
,
which
lies
betwixt
these
two
Places
,
to
hold
their
Conferdnces
in
.
A
considerable
time
before
the
opening
of
these
Conferences
,
Neutrallty
proposed
for
Catalonia
.
a
Negotiation
had
been
set
on
Foot
at
Turin
,
to
conclude
a
Neutrality
for
Catalonia
.
The
Spaniards
cannot
be
more
sensibly
touch'd
in
any
part
of
their
Dominions
than
in
Catalonia
,
which
lying
so
near
to
the
Center
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
Danger
threatning
from
that
side
,
puts
the
People
of
Spain
into
a
Ferment
,
which
is
more
dreadful
among
the
Spaniards
than
other
Nations
.
The
King
of
Spain
wanted
the
necessary
Funds
for
the
carrying
on
of
the
War
;
the
Duke
of
Savoy
having
not
disbanded
any
of
his
Troops
,
either
because
matters
were
thus
concerted
betwixt
our
Court
and
him
,
or
because
he
intended
to
improve
the
present
Conjuncture
to
his
Advantage
,
the
Spaniards
could
draw
but
few
of
their
Troops
out
of
the
Milaneze
.
The
Confederates
had
no
Fleet
in
the
Mediterranean
,
and
were
consequently
not
in
a
Condition
to
succour
them
with
any
of
their
Troops
in
Catalonia
;
besides
,
that
these
Foreign
Auxiliaries
prov'd
more
troublesome
to
the
Inhabitants
than
the
Enemy
;
considering
all
these
disadvantages
the
Council
of
Spain
were
inclin'd
to
accept
of
this
Neutrality
,
if
it
had
not
been
represented
to
them
by
the
Emperor's
Ministers
,
that
if
our
King
should
be
freed
at
once
from
the
War
,
both
near
the
Alpes
,
and
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
it
would
be
so
great
an
Addition
to
his
Strength
,
that
the
Confederacy
would
be
reduc'd
to
a
necessity
of
preventing
their
Ruin
by
the
Conclusion
of
a
disadvantageous
Peace
:
These
Considerations
were
so
prevailing
with
the
Spaniards
,
that
they
neglected
their
own
Interest
for
that
of
the
Confederacy
,
and
refused
to
accept
of
the
Neutrality
with
Catalonia
.
The
glorious
success
of
the
French
Arms
for
these
nine
or
ten
Years
last
past
,
had
given
new
occasion
of
Jealousie
to
the
Emperor
The
Continuation
of
the
War
was
a
plausible
pretence
to
augment
his
Authority
in
the
Empire
;
he
had
all
the
Reason
in
the
World
to
be
afraid
of
the
ill
state
of
the
King
of
Spain's
Health
,
and
his
infirm
Constitution
;
he
did
also
imagine
that
after
the
Conclusion
of
the
Peace
,
the
German
Princes
would
not
be
very
forward
to
assist
him
against
the
Turks
;
all
which
Inducements
were
sufficient
to
diminish
the
Emperor's
Inclinations
for
a
Peace
.
It
was
supposed
that
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
K.
William
III.
)
was
also
rather
inclined
to
continue
the
War
,
but
considering
that
both
the
English
and
Dutch
so
earnestly
desir'd
it
;
there
was
not
any
reason
which
could
oblige
him
to
oppose
this
Negotiation
.
For
the
several
Plots
which
had
been
contrived
against
him
since
his
Elevation
to
the
Throne
,
the
decay
of
Commerce
,
the
vast
quantity
of
false
and
clipt
Money
and
the
scarcity
of
good
Coin
had
caused
'
such
Confusions
in
England
,
as
could
not
be
better
repair'd
than
by
a
speedy
Peace
,
especially
since
the
English
sustain'd
such
considerable
Losses
,
both
by
our
Privateers
,
and
the
heavy
Taxes
,
that
many
of
their
richest
Merchants
were
ruin'd
by
the
War
.
Add
to
this
that
the
People
in
Holland
were
so
pressing
for
a
Peace
,
that
for
fear
the
States-General
should
be
prevail'd
upon
to
consent
to
a
separate
Peace
with
France
,
the
Emperor
and
the
other
Princes
judged
it
most
adviceable
not
to
delay
any
longer
to
send
their
Plenipotentiaries
to
assist
at
the
opening
of
the
Conferences
.
The
King
had
for
some
time
before
sent
Francis
de
Calliere
,
a
person
in
whom
he
put
a
singular
Confidence
,
to
the
Hague
,
to
adjust
the
main
Preliminary
Points
with
the
States
General
of
the
United
Provinces
,
and
to
remove
all
Obstacles
which
might
retard
,
or
obstruct
this
grand
Affair
,
he
kept
upon
the
defensive
,
for
fear
of
raising
new
Jealousies
against
him
among
the
Confederates
.
But
finding
that
this
only
served
for
a
means
to
retard
than
promote
the
Peace
,
some
of
the
Confederates
being
buoyed
up
with
the
vain
hopes
of
obtaining
more
advantageous
Conditions
by
these
delays
,
he
took
a
resolution
to
act
with
more
Vigour
this
Campaign
.
Since
the
end
of
the
last
Campaign
the
King
had
ordered
his
Magazines
upon
the
Rhine
to
be
fill'd
with
all
manner
of
Provisions
:
The
French
Forces
which
hitherto
had
been
Employ'd
in
Italy
,
were
put
into
Winter-Quarters
in
Alsace
,
and
other
adjacent
Countries
,
and
our
Troops
had
been
in
Motion
all
the
Winter
,
the
better
to
amuse
the
Enemy
.
The
Neighbouring
Princes
being
greatly
Alarm'd
at
these
vast
Preparations
,
caused
their
Territories
to
be
cover'd
by
strong
Entrenchments
,
defended
by
a
vast
number
of
Pallisadoes
;
and
Batteries
,
with
Redoubts
,
and
Forts
built
on
all
the
principal
Avenues
,
as
if
they
all
were
to
sustain
the
whole
Force
of
France
the
following
Campaign
.
A
Rumour
being
also
industriously
spread
abroad
,
which
was
confirm'd
by
the
Motions
of
our
Forces
on
that
side
,
that
the
King
intended
to
have
two
great
Armies
in
Germany
,
one
near
the
Vpper
Rhine
,
to
give
a
Diversion
to
the
Enemy
,
the
other
under
the
Marshal
de
Catinat
,
to
undertake
a
Siege
upon
the
Lower-Rhine
,
the
Confederates
fortified
Mayence
,
and
provided
this
as
well
as
other
places
thereabouts
with
fufficient
Garrisons
.
This
Rumor
continued
till
towards
the
end
of
April
,
the
King
having
managed
the
whole
Design
with
somuch
Conduct
and
Secrecy
,
that
the
Generals
,
who
,
were
to
serve
under
the
Marshal
de
Catinat
,
were
upon
the
Road
towards
Germany
,
in
expectation
to
make
the
Campaign
there
,
when
they
receiv'd
Orders
to
the
contrary
;
and
that
they
should
with
all
speed
repair
to
Flanders
,
whither
the
said
Marshal
was
gone
to
form
the
Siege
of
Aeth
.
This
Enterprize
was
look'd
upon
as
the
most
glorious
that
could
be
undertaken
,
Siege
of
Aeth
.
the
Place
being
strongly
fortified
with
eight
Bastions
,
surrounded
with
a
broad
and
deep
Ditch
,
full
of
Water
.
It
was
the
sixteenth
day
of
May
,
when
the
Town
was
Invested
,
at
which
time
,
there
was
a
Garrison
in
it
of
three
thousand
seven
hundred
Men.
Never
was
a
place
attack'd
with
more
precaution
,
and
so
much
vigour
;
at
the
same
time
the
King
having
given
express
Orders
to
the
Marshal
,
to
spare
as
much
as
possible
could
be
his
Troops
,
but
to
play
against
the
Place
the
more
furiously
with
his
great
Artillery
.
But
the
besieged
made
but
a
feeble
Resistance
;
they
fired
not
very
briskly
,
nor
made
one
Sally
,
when
our
Men
made
the
Assault
upon
the
covert
Way
,
they
left
their
Post
after
the
first
Discharge
;
so
that
as
soon
as
we
had
made
two
breaches
large
enough
to
mount
them
,
this
strong
Place
,
which
by
reason
of
its
many
Outworks
,
Surrender
of
Aeth
.
was
fear'd
would
cost
us
a
great
many
Men
,
surrendred
by
Composition
the
6th
day
of
June
,
in
thirteen
days
after
opening
of
the
Trenches
,
with
the
loss
only
of
a
hundred
Men
on
our
Side
.
The
Confederates
had
at
the
same
two
great
Armies
in
Flanders
,
being
both
computed
at
a
hundred
and
twenty
thousand
Men.
Our
King
,
to
disappoint
the
Enemies
design
of
relieving
the
Place
,
had
order'd
the
Marshal
de
Villeroy
,
to
post
himself
on
that
side
,
where
there
was
the
most
appearance
of
danger
.
The
Marshal
de
Bouflers
was
Encamped
on
the
other
side
of
the
Town
,
and
three
other
Bodies
were
to
guard
some
other
Avenues
leading
to
it
;
all
which
were
posted
at
such
convenient
distance
,
as
to
be
able
to
second
one
another
in
case
of
an
Attack
;
so
soon
as
the
Enemy
had
been
advertised
of
the
Siege
,
they
advanced
towards
our
Lines
,
but
whither
it
were
that
they
fear'd
the
Desertion
of
many
of
their
Soldiers
,
who
were
very
ill
paid
,
or
that
they
did
not
think
it
for
their
Interest
to
hazard
a
Battle
at
this
juncture
of
time
,
when
the
Peace
was
so
near
a
Conclusion
,
for
fear
,
that
if
the
Success
should
not
answer
their
Expectation
,
they
should
be
forced
to
rest
contented
with
the
less
advantageous
Conditions
,
they
divided
their
Army
into
several
Bodies
,
the
better
to
cover
their
other
Places
in
Flanders
,
without
attempting
the
Relief
of
Aeth
.
Soon
after
the
taking
of
Aeth
,
they
received
a
fresh
Reinforcement
of
eighteen
thousand
Men
,
but
notwithstanding
their
vast
Number
,
they
Entrenched
themselves
in
their
Camp
,
which
they
made
impregnable
by
many
Redoubts
and
Batteries
.
The
French
Army's
continued
all
this
Summer
in
the
Spanish
Territories
,
without
being
distubr'd
by
the
Confederates
,
who
avoided
a
Battle
or
Engagement
.
The
remaining
part
of
the
Campaign
was
spent
without
any
further
Action
,
the
Allies
seeming
to
have
no
other
Aim
,
than
to
prevent
our
Forces
from
undertaking
any
thing
of
moment
;
and
both
Parties
being
actually
inclin'd
to
expect
the
issue
of
the
Siege
of
Barcelona
,
and
of
the
Diet
Assembled
in
Poland
,
for
the
chusing
of
a
Successor
to
their
lately
deceased
King
John
.
John
Sobieski
,
Grand
Marshal
of
Poland
,
ow'd
his
Elevation
to
the
Throne
of
Poland
,
not
so
much
to
his
own
Credit
and
Interest
,
as
to
our
King's
Protection
,
and
the
prudent
Management
of
the
then
Bishop
of
Marseilles
,
Coll.
Johnson
.
and
the
King's
Ambassadour
in
Poland
;
a
great
Politician
,
and
one
of
those
extraordinary
Persons
,
who
by
their
singular
Merits
become
honourable
to
their
Age
,
and
Highly
Serviceable
to
the
Church
and
State
.
This
King
acquir'd
immortal
Glory
about
nine
Years
after
,
when
he
left
his
Kingdom
,
and
marched
in
the
year
1683
,
to
the
relief
of
Viena
.
But
ever
since
that
time
he
had
altred
his
measures
,
and
in
lieu
of
prosecuting
the
War
with
vigour
against
the
Infidels
,
had
given
himself
over
to
Idleness
,
his
main
Care
being
to
heap
up
such
Treasures
for
his
Children
,
as
to
put
them
in
a
Condition
either
to
obtain
the
Crown
after
his
Death
,
John
Sobieski
,
K.
of
Poland
.
or
at
least
to
put
them
beyond
the
want
of
it
;
whereas
the
best
Treasure
he
could
have
left
to
his
Children
,
would
have
been
to
bless
them
with
the
Love
of
the
People
.
But
these
gave
such
evident
demonstrations
of
the
little
esteem
they
had
for
his
Family
,
by
pillaging
his
Estate
during
the
Interregnum
,
that
it
sufficiently
appear'd
to
the
World
,
that
his
memory
was
become
odious
to
them
.
After
the
Death
of
this
Prince
,
a
general
Diet
was
call'd
together
,
in
order
to
chuse
a
Successor
to
the
Crown
.
At
this
critical
Conjuncture
,
when
most
Princes
of
Europe
were
engaged
in
a
War
,
it
was
no
wonder
,
if
each
Party
pretended
to
maintain
their
Interest
at
this
Election
.
The
Election
of
a
King
of
Poland
inclining
either
to
the
Interest
of
France
,
or
the
Confederacy
,
being
look'd
upon
at
this
juncture
of
time
of
such
Consequence
,
as
to
carry
along
with
it
no
small
Influence
towards
the
raising
or
diminishing
the
Hopes
of
the
Confederate
Princes
;
each
Party
therefore
were
not
sparing
in
making
Intrigues
for
or
against
the
Interest
of
such
a
Person
,
as
they
either
wish'd
to
be
elevated
,
or
excluded
from
the
Throne
of
Poland
.
Among
the
rest
that
pretended
to
the
Crown
,
was
the
present
Czar
of
Muscovy
.
His
Empire
is
of
a
very
vast
extent
,
Candidates
for
the
Crown
of
Poland
.
Czar
of
Muscovy
.
reaching
from
the
Boristhenes
to
the
utmost
Confines
of
the
North
,
and
on
the
other
side
from
the
Frontiers
of
Sweden
,
to
the
River
Tanais
.
It
was
represented
to
the
Poles
,
how
glorious
't
would
be
to
their
Nation
,
to
chuse
a
King
,
who
Commanded
over
so
vast
a
Country
;
but
they
wisely
consider'd
that
their
Liberty
would
be
in
no
small
danger
under
so
Potent
a
Master
,
who
was
able
to
bring
them
under
Subjection
,
by
the
Force
of
his
own
Arms.
Duke
of
Lorrian
.
The
young
Prince
of
Lorrain
,
eldest
Son
to
the
late
Prince
Charles
,
entred
also
the
List
of
the
Candidates
,
not
so
much
in
hopes
of
succeeding
in
it
,
as
out
of
an
Ambition
of
being
put
in
the
same
Rank
with
the
rest
,
in
his
younger
Years
.
There
was
also
much
Discourse
of
Prince
Lewis
of
Baden
;
Prince
Lewis
of
Baden
.
This
Prince
was
a
great
Master
of
the
Art
of
War
,
and
had
had
great
Success
against
the
Infidels
in
Hungary
,
whom
he
had
vanquish'd
at
several
times
.
The
Emperour
,
in
acknowledgment
of
his
Services
;
and
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
K.
William
III.
)
out
of
a
particular
Respect
for
his
person
,
would
without
all
question
,
have
espoused
his
Interest
;
if
by
joynt-consent
of
the
Confederates
,
it
had
not
been
judged
more
advisable
to
support
the
Faction
of
Prince
James
Sobieski
,
Pr.
James
of
Poland
.
Brother-in-Law
both
to
the
Emperour
,
and
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
.
Every
thing
seem'd
to
concur
for
his
Advantage
;
He
was
eldest
Son
to
the
late
King
,
he
wanted
not
Riches
to
purchase
the
Voices
and
Protection
of
the
Great
ones
.
The
Princes
of
Germany
had
espoused
his
Interest
,
as
well
as
the
Dutch
;
the
Emperour
,
and
Prince
of
Orange
(
K.
William
III.
)
made
use
of
all
their
Credit
to
promote
his
Elevation
to
the
Crown
;
But
all
these
Advantages
,
which
in
all
outward
appearance
seem'd
to
be
the
most
proper
means
to
compass
his
Design
,
prov'd
perhaps
the
true
cause
of
his
Disappointment
.
For
,
his
near
Alliance
with
the
House
of
Austria
,
had
raised
a
Jealousy
in
the
Polish
Lords
,
lest
,
he
should
,
when
once
their
King
,
improve
it
to
their
disadvantage
,
and
be
encourag'd
by
the
Neighbourhood
of
the
Emperour
to
make
use
of
his
Power
,
to
the
prejudice
of
their
Liberty
.
The
pressing
Sollicitations
made
in
his
behalf
by
the
German
Princes
,
began
to
be
suspected
by
the
Populace
,
by
reason
of
a
certain
Jealousy
and
Emulation
,
which
is
always
to
be
observed
betwixt
two
Potent
neighbouring
Nations
.
He
was
as
Liberal
in
his
Promises
to
pay
the
Debts
of
the
Crown
,
in
case
he
was
elected
King
,
as
profuse
in
his
Money
to
gain
the
Hearts
of
the
Poles
,
but
in
vain
,
nothing
being
able
to
remove
the
Aversion
they
had
conceived
against
him
.
The
Confederates
finding
the
Poles
thus
disposed
,
began
to
despair
of
the
Success
of
the
Prince
,
for
which
Reason
they
raised
a
new
Faction
,
for
the
Elector
of
Saxony
.
The
Elector
promised
to
turn
Catholick
,
and
there
were
not
wanting
those
,
Elector
of
Saxony
.
who
assured
them
that
he
had
abjured
the
Lutheran
Religion
two
or
three
Months
before
,
notwithstanding
that
since
that
time
he
had
made
publick
Profession
of
it
.
He
offered
ten
Millions
for
the
Payment
of
Arrears
due
to
the
Army
,
who
during
the
time
of
the
Interregnum
had
revolted
for
want
of
Pay
.
He
promised
also
to
maintain
at
his
own
Cost
,
fifteen
thousand
Men
,
and
never
to
make
Peace
with
the
Turks
,
till
he
had
restored
all
what
they
had
taken
from
the
Poles
.
These
specious
Offers
would
perhaps
have
influenced
the
Poles
to
prefer
the
Elector
before
the
rest
,
if
the
Eyes
and
Hearts
of
the
Polish
Nobility
had
not
been
guided
by
the
real
Prospect
of
more
solid
Advantages
.
The
French
Ambassador
the
Abbot
Malehoor
de
Polygnack
,
recommended
to
them
,
Francis
Lewis
de
Bourbon
,
Prince
of
Conty
.
Prince
of
Conty
,
the
eleventh
Prince
of
the
Royal
Blood
of
France
,
who
promised
to
pay
their
Troops
all
their
Arrears
in
ready
Money
,
and
to
retake
Caminieck
,
without
the
least
Expence
to
the
Commonwealth
.
The
Prince
of
Conty
had
gained
the
Esteem
of
all
Europe
,
not
only
by
his
Courage
,
but
also
by
many
great
and
generous
Actions
,
and
his
unparallell'd
Moderation
.
He
had
Signaliz'd
himself
in
the
War
in
Hungary
,
and
since
his
Return
,
had
given
many
Demonstrations
of
his
Valour
to
the
World
.
At
Steenkirk
,
and
in
the
Battle
of
Neerwinden
,
he
had
shew'd
himself
both
an
expert
General
,
and
a
brave
Soldier
.
These
great
Qualifications
,
which
made
very
favourable
Impressions
in
the
hearts
of
a
War-like
People
,
received
a
new
Lustre
by
our
King's
Recommendation
to
the
Chief
Men
of
Poland
.
But
,
this
Negotiation
met
with
no
small
Difficulties
,
as
being
opposed
by
almost
all
the
rest
of
the
Princes
of
Europe
.
The
Ministers
of
these
Princes
insinuated
without
intermission
to
the
Poles
,
that
to
chuse
a
French
Prince
,
would
be
to
put
all
their
Neighbours
into
a
continual
Alarm
;
that
this
,
whether
true
or
false
,
would
at
one
time
or
other
,
turn
to
the
disadvantage
of
Poland
,
which
thereby
would
change
its
present
happy
Condition
for
the
Miseries
of
a
long
War
.
That
their
Riches
and
Forces
would
be
employed
to
promote
the
ambitious
Designs
of
France
;
the
Prince
of
Conty
,
tho'
invested
with
the
Royal
Dignity
,
not
being
discharged
from
the
Obligations
due
to
our
King
,
whom
both
in
point
of
Gratitude
and
Interest
,
he
could
not
be
able
to
refuse
,
whatever
he
desired
.
They
were
also
not
sparing
both
in
their
Threats
and
Promises
;
but
the
King's
Interest
prevailing
over
all
their
Intrigues
,
the
Prince
of
Conty
was
Elected
by
the
plurality
of
Votes
.
For
of
thirty
two
Palatinates
,
that
appear'd
in
the
Field
,
eight
and
twenty
declared
for
him
,
the
Elector
of
Saxony
having
only
four
on
his
side
.
This
Prince
being
so
much
superior
in
Number
of
Voices
to
his
Competitor
,
was
immediately
proclaimed
King
by
the
Archbishop
of
Guesna
,
Pr.
Conty
proclaimed
King
of
Poland
.
Primate
of
Poland
,
who
has
the
Administration
of
Affairs
in
Poland
,
during
the
Interregnum
,
and
who
alone
has
a
Right
of
Proclaiming
a
King
.
But
the
Elector
of
Saxony
,
against
all
the
Laws
and
Customs
of
the
Kingdom
,
was
likewise
proclaimed
King
by
the
Bishop
of
Kujavia
,
who
falsely
pretended
to
this
Power
.
The
Elector's
Faction
raised
great
Disturbances
in
the
Kingdom
,
Elector
of
Saxony
proclaimed
King
of
Poland
.
endeavouring
to
maintain
themselves
by
Force
and
violent
Means
.
The
most
speedy
way
to
disperse
these
Clouds
,
and
to
restore
a
perfect
Calm
in
the
Kingdom
,
and
to
remove
all
future
Danger
of
any
civil
Commotions
,
was
the
calling
of
a
new
Diet
,
to
determine
the
Difference
concerning
this
Election
,
and
to
maintain
the
Prince
de
Conty
in
his
Pretensions
,
and
to
confirm
his
Election
by
the
Authority
,
if
not
of
all
,
at
least
of
the
major
Number
of
the
Palatinates
.
The
issue
of
this
grand
Affair
kept
all
Europe
in
suspence
for
some
time
,
but
the
Siege
of
Barcelona
,
which
had
been
carried
on
for
two
Months
together
with
the
utmost
Vigour
,
Siege
of
Barcelona
.
was
look'd
upon
by
most
to
be
of
no
less
Consequence
.
Barcelona
is
one
of
the
most
Considerable
Forts
in
all
Spain
.
It
is
a
very
large
,
rich
,
populous
City
,
Famous
for
its
Traffick
.
It
is
tollerably
well
Fortified
on
the
Land
side
,
having
a
Fort
at
a
quarter
of
a
Leagues
distance
from
the
Town
,
built
upon
a
steep
Rock
.
The
Place
was
at
that
time
provided
sufficiently
with
Ammunition
,
besides
which
,
they
received
constant
Supplies
,
the
Town
being
not
begirt
on
that
side
where
the
Fort
lay
.
The
Garrison
consisted
of
eleven
thousand
disciplin'd
Troops
,
besides
four
thousand
Miquelets
.
They
play'd
without
Intermission
with
their
Cannons
,
Bombs
,
Granado's
,
and
other
Fire-Arms
,
and
sometimes
made
four
Sallies
in
one
Night
.
They
disputed
every
Inch
of
Ground
with
us
in
their
Outworks
,
some
of
which
they
retook
twice
or
thrice
,
and
at
last
made
new
Entrenchments
within
the
old
Bastions
,
and
inspite
of
the
Prayers
of
the
Inhabitants
,
and
Threats
of
the
common
People
,
they
stood
it
out
,
with
an
unparalelled
Bravery
to
the
last
Extremity
.
The
Count
de
la
Corsana
,
Governour
of
the
City
,
and
the
Landgrave
of
Hesse
Darmstadt
,
Commander
in
Chief
of
the
Garrison
,
acquir'd
immortal
Glory
in
the
Defence
of
this
Place
.
On
the
other
hand
,
what
Pen
is
able
to
give
due
Praises
to
those
who
vanquished
such
brave
Men
,
who
by
their
invincible
Courage
overcame
their
Resolution
,
and
were
not
discourag'd
by
the
Fatigues
and
Dangers
of
so
long
and
bloody
a
Siege
?
The
number
of
the
Besieged
did
bear
no
proportion
to
the
Besiegers
,
the
Duke
of
Vendosme's
Army
consisting
of
no
more
than
thirty
thousand
Men
,
at
the
beginning
of
the
Siege
,
and
the
Reinforcement
which
he
received
from
Provence
and
Languedock
,
not
above
eight
or
nine
thousand
strong
,
being
all
Militia
.
But
what
is
unaccessible
to
a
General
,
who
has
an
equal
share
of
Courage
and
Conduct
,
who
knows
how
to
manage
his
Troops
to
the
utmost
Advantage
,
who
by
his
Example
teaches
them
to
out-brave
all
Fatigues
and
Dangers
,
and
to
be
rather
encouraged
than
dismay'd
at
the
Bravery
of
their
Enemies
?
Thus
the
Siege
was
carried
on
with
all
imaginable
Vigour
,
tho'
for
want
of
sufficient
number
of
Forces
,
we
could
not
carry
our
Lines
quite
round
the
Place
.
The
covered
Way
was
attack'd
three
several
times
,
Attacks
upon
the
covered
Way
.
and
in
three
several
places
.
In
the
first
assault
we
lodged
our selves
upon
one
of
the
Angles
,
but
were
beaten
back
from
the
two
others
.
We
had
a
second
Assault
the
next
day
,
but
without
Success
,
not
being
able
to
maintain
us
in
our
Posts
till
the
third
.
Then
the
Batteries
on
the
Counterscarp
began
to
play
most
furiously
;
The
Bombs
and
red
hot
Bullets
laid
two
thirds
of
the
Town
in
Ashes
,
and
the
dead
Carcasses
buried
under
their
Ruines
sent
forth
such
a
nauseous
Scent
,
as
infected
the
whole
City
.
Soon
after
we
had
made
Breaches
both
in
the
Bastions
and
Courtines
;
but
the
Duke
of
Vendosme
did
not
think
it
convenient
to
give
the
general
Assault
,
till
he
had
routed
the
Viceroy
,
to
take
away
all
hopes
of
relief
by
Land
,
from
the
Besieged
,
of
which
they
had
no
hopes
left
by
Sea
,
the
Allies
having
at
that
time
no
Fleet
in
the
Mediteranean
,
and
a
Squadron
of
nine
French
Men
of
War
,
many
Frigats
and
thirty
Gallies
laying
before
the
Port.
The
Count
d'
Estree
was
Commander
in
Chief
of
this
Squadron
;
the
Forces
and
the
Officers
that
were
embarqu'd
on
board
of
these
Ships
,
did
great
Service
in
this
Siege
;
The
taking
of
the
covered
Way
in
the
third
Assault
,
being
as
chiefly
owing
to
the
Valour
of
James
de
Noailles
,
Lieutenant
General
of
the
French
Gallies
.
All
the
remaining
hopes
of
the
Besieged
,
were
in
the
Relief
they
expected
from
the
Viceroy
,
who
kept
the
Field
with
four
or
five
thousand
regular
Troops
,
and
a
good
Body
of
Miquelets
.
They
had
also
another
small
Body
of
about
seven
or
eight
thousand
Horse
,
and
a
thousand
Foot
,
which
being
posted
betwixt
the
Mountains
,
made
frequent
Incursions
to
annoy
and
intercept
our
Convoys
,
and
to
prevent
our
Peasants
from
carvying
Provisions
to
our
Camp
.
The
Enemies
Design
was
to
attack
our
Lines
in
two
or
three
places
at
once
,
and
to
force
them
,
if
possible
,
under
the
favour
of
a
General
Sally
,
to
be
made
by
the
whole
Garrison
at
the
same
time
.
The
Spanish
Army
surprised
.
The
Duke
de
Vendosme
,
thinking
it
the
safest
way
to
prevent
them
in
their
Design
,
and
having
received
Intelligence
by
his
Spyes
,
that
they
were
very
carelesly
Encamped
,
marched
out
two
hours
before
break
of
Day
with
six
thousand
of
his
best
Men
,
and
at
the
same
time
fent
a
Body
of
three
hundred
Horse
,
two
hundred
Dragoons
;
and
a
thousand
Fusiliers
,
under
the
Bommand
of
the
Count
d'
Vsson
,
to
surprise
the
Spaniards
that
were
posted
betwixt
the
Mountains
.
The
Cavalry
and
Outguards
being
cut
in
pieces
,
the
Duke
advanced
without
the
least
Resistance
to
the
Viceroy's
Quarter
,
where
there
was
nothing
but
Confusion
,
as
may
easily
be
supposed
to
be
the
Effects
of
such
a
Surprize
.
Every
one
was
for
following
the
Example
of
the
Viceroy
,
who
saved
himself
in
his
Shirt
,
without
being
able
to
take
along
with
him
his
Papers
,
or
Scrutore
,
in
which
was
a
good
Sum
of
Gold
.
Two
or
three
hundred
of
the
bravest
among
them
,
who
made
some
resistance
,
were
cut
in
pieces
,
and
the
rest
dispersed
in
an
instant
.
The
whole
Camp
,
with
all
their
Baggage
fell
a
Prey
to
our
Soldiers
,
who
burnt
their
Tents
and
every
thing
else
that
was
not
portable
.
The
Count
d'
Vsson
,
having
at
the
same
time
had
the
good
Fortune
,
to
drive
the
Spaniards
from
their
Post
in
the
Mountains
,
we
had
all
the
reason
to
believe
that
the
Besieged
,
being
discouraged
by
this
ill
Success
,
would
alter
their
measures
,
and
give
over
their
Design
of
holding
out
to
the
last
Extremity
.
Assault
up
on
Barcelona
.
But
we
found
our selves
deceiv'd
in
our
hopes
,
for
they
received
us
with
incredible
Bravery
,
as
we
were
giving
the
Assault
about
a
Week
after
,
upon
the
Breaches
of
the
two
Bastions
.
They
retook
one
of
these
Bastions
with
great
Slaughter
,
and
after
they
were
drove
from
thence
a
second
time
,
retreated
into
a
strong
Entrenchment
they
had
made
behind
the
Breach
of
the
Bastion
.
Thus
we
were
to
encounter
the
Danger
of
a
new
Siege
,
there
being
behind
the
Entrenchment
a
strong
old
Wall
,
fortified
with
Towers
.
Our
Miners
were
set
at
Work
,
and
every
thing
ready
for
a
general
Assault
,
when
the
Besieged
were
again
summon'd
to
a
Surrender
;
but
without
being
in
the
least
terrified
at
the
Danger
that
threatned
them
in
case
the
Town
should
be
be
taken
by
Assault
;
they
refused
to
hearken
to
a
Capitulation
,
till
at
last
,
being
overcome
by
the
Lamentations
of
the
Cirizens
,
and
the
Consideration
of
their
present
Condition
,
which
was
such
as
not
to
be
able
to
sustain
another
Assault
,
without
hazarding
all
,
they
accepted
of
the
Conditions
offer'd
them
by
the
Duke
de
Vendosme
,
who
,
to
shew
the
Esteem
he
had
for
their
Bravery
,
allow'd
them
very
honourable
Conditions
,
to
wit
,
to
march
out
thro'
the
Breach
,
with
six
Mortars
,
and
thirty
pieces
of
Cannon
.
Besides
which
,
we
found
in
the
place
six
Mortars
,
Surrende●
of
Barcelona
.
more
and
one
hundred
pieces
of
Cannon
.
This
Siege
cost
the
Lives
of
many
brave
Men
;
we
having
lost
betwixt
four
and
five
thousand
on
our
side
,
and
the
Enemy
above
six
housand
.
It
was
was
much
about
the
same
time
,
that
we
receiveed
the
welcome
News
of
the
good
Success
of
an
Expedition
against
Carthagena
,
a
Place
belonging
to
the
Spaniards
in
the
West-Indies
.
The
Spaniards
are
so
over-jealous
of
their
great
Riches
and
vast
Possessions
in
the
new
World
,
that
they
do
not
suffer
any
Foreigner
among
them
there
.
This
Project
had
been
in
Debate
several
times
before
;
but
never
came
to
Maturity
,
till
the
Sieur
de
Ponty
obtain'd
Leave
from
the
King
,
to
undertake
this
Eppedition
in
Person
.
The
King
,
to
encourage
the
Design
,
provided
the
Ships
;
many
particular
Persons
furnishing
their
Quota
for
the
Equipment
of
them
,
in
proportion
to
the
Share
they
expected
to
have
in
the
Booty
.
The
Sieur
de
Ponty
was
an
expert
Seaman
,
and
had
rendred
himself
Famous
in
several
Exploits
.
Accordingly
he
set
Sail
in
the
Month
of
January
,
Expedition
against
Carthagena
.
with
seven
Men
of
War
,
three
Frigats
,
two
other
Ships
,
and
one
Bomb-Vessel
He
met
with
all
the
imaginable
Success
in
his
Voyage
;
and
in
the
beginning
of
March
following
,
without
having
met
with
any
Tempest
,
or
other
Encounter
at
Sea
,
came
to
an
Anchor
before
the
Port
of
St.
Domingo
,
where
being
reinforced
with
fifteen
hundred
Buckaneers
,
he
pursued
his
Voyage
to
Carthagena
,
where
at
his
Arrival
,
he
found
the
Enemies
,
who
had
received
Intelligence
of
his
Design
,
making
preparations
to
receive
him
.
Carthagena
is
one
of
the
most
Famous
and
best
Ports
the
Sponiards
are
Masters
of
in
America
.
Description
of
Carthagena
.
It
is
a
very
large
and
populous
City
,
built
upon
a
Peninsula
,
its
Avenues
is
being
guraded
by
several
Forts
.
There
the
Lower
and
the
Upper
City
;
The
last
is
defended
by
several
Bastions
,
and
the
first
by
a
strong
Fort.
There
were
above
one
hundred
pieces
of
Cannons
mounted
upon
their
Walls
and
Forts
,
their
main
Hopes
;
they
avoiding
all
Opportunities
of
coming
to
Handy-blows
;
Our
Troops
acting
not
with
the
usual
Precautions
,
betwixt
eight
and
nine
hundred
of
them
were
killed
at
their
Landing
by
the
Enemy's
Cannon
.
In
the
Assault
of
the
first
Fort
,
the
Buckaneers
attack'd
them
with
such
Bravery
,
that
they
took
it
with
little
Resistance
;
the
other
Forts
were
also
abandoned
by
the
Spaniards
,
without
striking
a
Blow
.
They
defended
the
Fort
which
guards
the
Lower
Town
for
some
time
;
but
that
being
carried
by
Assault
,
we
fired
so
furiously
with
our
great
Artillery
against
the
Upper
Town
,
that
they
were
forced
to
capitulate
on
the
third
day
after
.
The
Sieur
de
Ponty
entred
the
City
in
Triumph
;
The
taking
of
Carthagena
.
and
after
he
had
put
them
to
Ransom
,
he
demolished
all
their
Bastions
and
Forts
.
We
got
a
prodigious
Booty
in
the
Place
;
For
,
without
reckoning
the
vast
Sums
which
each
Officer
and
Soldier
squeez'd
out
of
their
Landlords
,
betwixt
eight
and
nine
Millions
of
Livres
in
ready
Coin
and
Ingots
were
brought
into
France
,
and
a
Million
more
in
Emeralds
;
other
precious
Stones
,
Moveables
and
Gold
,
and
one
hundred
Brass
Pieces
of
Cannon
.
With
this
vast
Treasure
they
set
Sail
from
Carthagena
,
but
were
not
long
,
before
,
at
about
fifty
Leagues
distance
from
that
place
,
Ponty
escaped
the
English
.
they
were
met
by
a
Squadron
of
twenty
English
Men
of
War
;
they
made
a
running
Fight
for
two
days
;
but
on
the
third
,
the
Sieur
de
Ponty
sound
means
,
under
favour
of
a
thick
Mist
,
to
alter
his
Course
,
and
to
escape
the
Danger
,
without
loosing
any
thing
of
his
Booty
.
The
Expedition
made
much
Noise
in
all
Parts
of
the
World
,
every
body
standing
amaz'd
at
the
Boldness
of
the
Buckaneers
,
it
being
chiefly
owing
to
their
Bravery
,
that
this
dangerous
Expedition
was
brought
to
a
happy
issue
,
tho'
carried
on
with
a
much
less
Number
of
Ships
and
Men
than
seem'd
proportionable
to
the
Greatness
of
the
Enterprize
.
These
Advantages
so
lately
obtained
on
our
side
,
prov'd
very
instrumental
to
hasten
the
Peace
The
Jealousy
which
the
Confederate
Princes
had
conceived
at
the
King
's
good
Fortune
and
Power
,
The
General
Peace
.
and
the
hopes
of
reducing
him
into
more
narrow
Bounds
had
been
the
chief
occasion
of
this
War
.
But
finding
themselves
deceived
in
these
great
Expectations
,
there
was
nothing
left
now
,
but
to
restore
Tranquility
to
Europe
,
by
a
solid
and
durable
Peace
,
founded
upon
the
same
Basis
with
that
of
Nimhegen
.
In
this
nice
Conjuncture
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
King
William
III.
)
acted
the
Part
of
a
great
Politician
;
and
finding
that
the
Desires
of
the
People
were
absolutely
bent
for
Peace
,
he
made
the
first
steps
towards
Accomplishing
it
,
and
by
his
Perswasions
,
prevailed
upon
the
rest
of
the
Confederates
to
follow
his
Example
.
Accordingly
the
Peace
was
Sign'd
with
Spain
,
England
,
and
Holland
,
on
the
twentieth
day
of
September
;
and
with
Germany
,
about
six
Weeks
after
.
Among
other
Conditions
,
Peace
Concluded
.
one
was
,
either
did
propose
to
the
Emperour
,
one
was
,
either
to
keep
Strasburgh
,
and
to
give
an
Equivalent
,
or
else
to
keep
the
Equivalent
,
and
to
restore
Strasburgh
;
and
,
that
,
in
case
the
Empire
did
not
within
a
certain
limited
Time
,
accept
of
the
Equivalent
,
he
would
be
at
his
own
Liberty
to
alter
the
whole
Conditions
of
the
Peace
.
The
Imperial
Cities
opposed
the
Session
of
Strasburgh
,
and
were
seconded
by
most
of
the
Electors
,
who
,
knowing
that
the
Places
offered
as
an
Equivalent
for
Strasburgh
,
must
be
surrendred
into
the
Emperour's
hands
,
were
not
a
I●t●le
Jealous
of
this
increase
of
his
Power
.
The
Circles
of
Suabia
and
the
Vpper
Rhine
made
their
Complaints
against
it
,
alledging
,
that
if
our
King
was
left
in
the
possession
of
Strasburgh
,
they
would
be
forced
to
keep
even
in
time
of
Peace
,
a
good
number
of
Troops
on
Foot
,
for
their
defence
against
so
Potent
a
Neighbour
.
Whilst
these
Contests
were
in
agitation
in
the
Empire
,
our
King
at
the
Intercession
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
K.
William
III.
)
granted
a
further
delay
,
that
by
the
Interposition
of
the
said
Prince
and
the
Hollanders
,
the
Germans
might
be
prevail'd
upon
to
grant
the
absolute
Possession
of
Strasburgh
to
him
.
They
succeeded
so
well
in
this
Negotiation
,
that
at
last
this
Famous
City
,
which
had
been
so
long
the
main
obstacle
of
the
Peace
,
was
at
last
surrendred
for
ever
to
France
.
Our
King
restored
to
Spain
,
all
that
had
been
taken
from
them
since
the
Conclusion
of
the
Peace
of
Nimeghen
.
The
young
Duke
of
Lorrain
was
restored
to
his
Estate
,
under
certain
Conditions
.
The
Elector
of
Treves
put
again
into
possession
of
his
Capital
City
of
the
same
Name
.
And
to
remove
for
the
future
,
all
Pretences
of
Contest
betwixt
the
Empire
and
France
,
it
was
agreed
that
the
Rhine
should
be
the
common
Boundary
betwixt
these
two
Nations
;
That
France
was
to
remain
in
Possession
of
what
they
had
Conquer'd
on
the
other
side
of
this
River
,
and
to
restore
,
or
demolish
all
Places
on
this
side
.
King
James
II.
K.
Will.
a
knowledged
as
King
by
France
.
having
several
times
requested
our
King
,
not
to
delay
any
time
to
put
a
happy
Conclusion
to
he
General
Peace
of
Europe
,
in
respect
of
his
particular
Interest
.
William
III.
Prince
of
Orange
,
was
acknowledg'd
King
of
Great
Britain
by
the
French
Plenipotentiaries
.
Let
us
trace
the
most
authentick
Monuments
of
Time
.
Let
us
view
the
most
antient
Histories
of
all
Nations
,
to
be
convinced
whether
they
can
furnish
us
with
an
Example
parallel
to
the
Greatness
of
our
King
.
Will
not
Posterity
stand
amazed
,
when
they
Read
,
that
there
has
been
a
King
in
France
,
who
,
alone
,
for
ten
years
together
,
has
been
powerful
enough
to
carry
on
a
War
against
so
many
and
great
Enemies
,
with
such
Success
!
France
never
was
fensible
of
its
own
Strength
till
now
;
but
it
must
be
confess'd
,
that
it
is
owing
to
the
Conduct
of
their
Prince
,
who
knows
how
to
improve
it
to
the
best
Advantage
.
FINIS
.
ERRATA
'
s.
PAge
2.
for
of
famous
Victories
,
read
of
two
famous
Victories
.
p.
3
f.
revived
,
r.
revive
,
p.
6.
f.
Clove
,
r.
Clou.
p.
8.
f.
Command
,
r.
Commands
.
p.
22.
f.
real
Esteem
,
r.
so
real
an
Esteem
.
p.
27.
f.
this
Trust
r.
his
Trust
p.
57.
f.
Eruption
,
r.
Irruption
.
p.
59.
f.
into
to
,
r.
into
.
f.
Justice
on
the
Just
,
r.
Justice
on
account
of
the
Just.
ibid.
on
the
Dutchy
.
r.
upon
the
Dutchy
.
p.
61.
f.
but
besides
the
,
r.
but
the.
p.
70.
f.
that
his
,
r.
that
by
his
,
ibid.
f.
received
,
r.
revived
,
p.
80.
f.
having
a
disgust
,
r.
having
taken
a
disgust
.
p.
83.
f.
adjudging
,
r.
as
judging
.
p.
99.
f.
hazard
r.
hazards
.
p.
112.
inst.
of
where
,
r.
wherein
.
p.
inst.
of
Flanders
and
Spain
,
r.
Flanders
in
Spain
.
p.
118.
inst
of
the
Inner
Guard
,
r.
Rear-Guard
.
p.
121.
f.
and
buries
,
r.
and
to
bury
.
p.
123.
f.
so
strong
,
r.
too
.
p.
124.
f.
to
their
Charge
,
r.
to
the
Charge
.
p.
126.
inst.
of
Port
,
r.
Post
.
p.
135.
inst.
of
Count
Calva
,
r.
Count
Calvo
.
p.
147.
f.
himself
a
brave
,
r.
himself
as
a
brave
.
p.
152.
f.
small
and
troublesome
,
r.
cruel
.
and
troublesome
.
p.
156.
f.
of
Glacis
and
Counter
sharp
,
r.
Glacis
of
the
Countersharp
.
p.
159.
f.
some
new
time
,
r.
new
ones
.
p.
171.
f.
Nimiguen
,
r.
Nimheguen
.
p.
174.
f.
whilst
they
pretended
,
r.
whilst
others
pretended
.
ib.
f.
Ports
,
r.
Parts
.
p.
175.
f.
Irreconciliable
,
r.
Amicable
.
p.
176.
f.
to
Generosity
,
r.
of
Generosity
.
p.
180.
f.
to
the
Souvereign
,
r.
to
Sovereigns
.
p.
181.
f.
by
King
and
Council
,
r.
by
the
King
and
his
Council
.
ibid.
f.
pointed
Contests
,
r
:
Point
in
Contest
.
p.
182.
f.
which
is
,
r.
such
is
.
p.
187.
f.
Bishops
the
,
r.
Bishops
,
and
when
the.
p.
189.
f.
violent
must
,
r.
violent
means
.
p.
192.
f.
But
the
,
r.
But
as
the.
p.
295.
f.
of
the
Decision
to
the
Pope
.
r.
to
the
Decision
of
the
Pope
.
p.
197.
f.
and
been
read
,
r.
and
having
been
.
ibid.
f.
not
forced
,
r.
not
only
forced
.
ibid.
f.
giving
,
r.
given
.
p.
199.
f.
this
,
r.
his
.
p.
214.
f.
Wall-court
,
r.
Wallcour
.
p.
249.
f.
Patteroons
.
r.
Pontroons
.
p.
252.
f.
Confusion
,
r.
Concussion
.
p.
260.
f.
was
so
,
r.
was
not
come
so
.
p.
261.
f.
Genove
,
r.
Genova
,
ib.
f.
Forest
,
r.
Brest
.
p.
262.
f.
were
great
,
r.
were
no
great
.
p.
267.
f.
Cardaign
.
r.
Sardaign
.
p.
268.
f.
Men
with
,
r.
Men
flush'd
with
.
ib.
f.
that
their
Enterprizes
,
r.
that
Enterprizes
.
p.
273.
f.
or
of
Prince
,
r.
or
Prince
.
p.
276.
f.
who
also
,
r.
who
at
.
p.
279.
f.
Cologne
,
r.
St.
Olonne
.
p.
281.
f.
all
common
Cattle
,
r.
all
the
Cattle
.
p.
284.
f.
all
that
,
r.
at
that
,
p.
294.
f.
actually
,
r.
coually
.
ibid.
f.
Coll.
Johnson
.
r.
Cardinal
Johnson
.
p.
294
f.
till
he
had
,
r.
till
they
had
.
ibid.
f.
Malehoor
,
r.
Melchior
.
p.
302.
f.
Forts
,
r.
Ports
.
p.
302.
f.
as
chiefly
,
r.
chiefly
.