Fœlix consortium, or, A fit conjuncture of religion and learning in one entire volume, consisting of six books : the first treating of religion in general ... the second of learning ... the third, fourth, fifth and sixth books particularizing the men eminent for religion or learning ... : in an alphabetical order / by Edward Leigh ...

Foelix Consortium ; OR , A FIT CONJUNCTURE OF RELIGION AND LEARNING , In one entire Volume , consisting of six Books : The first Treating of RELIGION IN GENERAL ; The FALSE RELIGIONS , and the TRUE , And several Questions also discussed concerning that ARGUMENT . The Second , Of LEARNING , the Excellency and Usefulness of it , The Liberal Arts , the Chiefest Languages , the Universities and Publick Schools of several Nations . The Third , Fourth , Fifth , and Sixth Books , Particularizing the Men Eminent for Religion or Learning , Divine or Humane , among the Jews , Christians , Ancient or Modern Writers , Protestants or Papists , Characterizing their Persons , and giving Judgment of their Works . In an Alphabetical Order . By EDWARD LEIGH Master of Arts of Magdalen-Hall in Oxford .

LONDON , Printed for Charles Adams at the Sign of the Talbot near S t. Dunstans Church in Fleetstreet , 1663.

TO THE Right Reverend JAMES USHER Arch-Bishop of Armagh . HONOURED SIR ,

BOth the Subject I handle , and my own special Obligation are a just Apologie for my Dedication of this Treatise unto you . I treat of Religion and Learning , a noble Argument , and ( were it answerably handled ) well-worthy of so noble a Patronage . Learning is the great Ornament of a man , and true Religion ( which is an honouring of God suitably to his Excellency ) is the great Ornament of a Christian. Where there is a happy conjunction of a learned Head , and a sincere and truly religious Heart , there is a Person every way accomplisht . Bishop Juell is frequently for this reason styled , The Jewell of Bishops ; and of Dr Raynolds it is said , Incertum est fuerit doctior an melior .

Dr Rivet and Peter du Moulin , two French Divines are famous for their eminent Piety , learned Writings , and fifty years preaching . Your Name is also precious in all the Reformed Churches , witness the Dedication of divers learned a a De Dieu in Acta Apost . Apa●h●m . Dub. Evang. parte 2 da Bootii Animadver . Sac. Mori Calvinus . Cartw. in Exod. Treatises to you , and the honourable mention which many learned men frequently b b Reverendissimus antistes Iacobus Usserius Archiepiscopus A●machanus , vir summa pietate , judicio singulari , usque ad miracu●um doctus , & hierts severioribus promovendis natus . S●ld●nus in P●aelat . ad Marmora Arundeliana . Praesulum decus ille Iacobus A●machanus Gatak . Cinnus . c. 5. make of you One thing I shall desire to specifie , which I look upon as one of your great Accomplishments , your humble and affable Disposition , both in a free admission of the very meanest ; and also in a ready communicating of your self unto them , which noble quality being in you when you were at the highest ( as I have heard ) is therefore the more commendable . Your sending to Samaria for several Copies of the Samaritane Pentateuch , bringing them first into Europe , and dispersing them many wayes , and also your purchasing at a dear rate the Syriack-Bible , and many other Syriack-Books from Syria , and your free imparting them to such Schollers as were skilfull in that Language , is deservedly celebrated by Mr Selden in his Preface ad Marmora Arundeliana , De Dieu in his Epistle Dedicatory to the Acts , and Dr Boot in his Index Autorum before his Animadversiones Sacrae . Your Liberality to such as are in a necessitous condition , is also well known ▪ It is a usual Maxim or Proverb , That the greatest Schollers are not the best Preachers ; and Queen Elizabeth was wont to say , That she had made a Bishop , and marr'd a Preacher . You have really confuted both these , by your pla●n and powerfull Preaching , and by your constant labouring ( for above fifty years ) in that sacred Function , even after the time , that through ● naturall decay you were unable to reade your Text. Therein well fullfilling your Motto , both in 〈…〉 Episcopall and Archiepiscopall Seal , Vae mih●●● non Evangelizavero .

Could your leisure have permitted you to have heard me reade this whole Work to you , as you did vouchsafe me the favour , to hear part of it , it might have been more exact in it self , and so more worthy your Countenance You were pleased to commend to me some of the Authou●s I made use of , and to supply me also with some choice Books out of your well-furnisht Library ; some of the Observations also I was beholding to you for , to you ( I say ) who are 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , a breathing Library , Eun ipius de Longino in Porphyr . p. 12. and walking Study . This , with what I before alleadged , may justifie this honouring of my Book with your Name , the Dedication of it to you being as proper , as that of Tullies Book De senectute ad senem ; or that of Hermannus Hugo De origine foribendi ad Scribanium . The Argument also is seasonable for these tim●s , wherein Learning hath other enemies besides the ignorant , if a Governour of a Colledge in the University , may not goe for an Ignaro also ; and wherein the vitals of Religion are in so much danger , partly by Scepticisme of the one side , and questioning almost all the great Articles of Christian Faith , and by Libertinisme on the other side , as if the Primitive Christians , Martyrs , and old Puritans , had been more precise then wise . It is your honour therefore in such a declining Age , when others dispute away Truths and Duties , to stand for Orthodox Truths , and practise holy Duties . Psal. 119. 126 , 127. Old-age ( saith Salomon ) is a Crown when it is found in the way of Righteousness . As God hath inriched you with large Abilities , so lay them out still for the good of the Church , that so you may prove a happy instrument whilst you live of Gods Glory , which is the desire of

SIR Your most Affectionate Friend and Servant EDWARD LEIGH .

To the Judicious and Candid READER . READER ,

WHen I first pitcht my thoughts upon this Subject , I intended only to give some brief Character of some Humanists , and some of the chief reformed Writers , but in the prosecution of my Design , meeting with divers Elogies and apt descriptions of some of the chief Popish Writers , I thought it not amiss to make the Work more general . A learned Divine inquired of me , when my Body of Divinity was coming forth , Whether I treated there of Religion , seeming to wonder , that many who published Systemes of Divinity , said nothing of so usefull a Subject , whereabout also many Questions might be raised and discussed . I thereupon bethinking with my self , that I might conveniently treat of it in this Book , accordingly made Religion and Learning the Argument of the two first Books , and those that were eminently Religious or Learned , are mentioned according to the order of the Alphabet in the four following Books . But I take liberty therein by reason of the Alphabetical order , and because I could not so properly refer them to the second Book , to speak of several Bibles , Councels , Confessions , Proverbs , and the Talmud , in the letter of the Alphabet , whereto they belong , the knowledge thereof being helpfull to Schollers . Besides , where I speak of Charles the Great and the fifth , I also mention Charles the ninth , both because I met with an excellent Character of him in Thuanus , and also because he was a special instance of Gods retaliating Justice , for shedding the bloud of Protestants in the Parisian Massacre . I may perhaps also mention an Heretick that was not famous either for Learning or Piety . I thought good to advertise the Reader hereof , lest he should wonder else when he meets with these particulars . The first Book is concerning Religion , that it is , what it is , its Antiquity , the true and false Religions , the Reformed Religion , and some Questions about Religion are also discussed . The second Book is concerning Learning , its Excellentcy , Usefulness , of the Liberal Arts , the Languages , Universities . In the four last Books , my intention was to speak of such as were Zealous for the true Religion , or eminent for Learning , either as general Schollers , or peculiarly learned in any kinde . As the Argument is double , Religion and Learning , and the persons double , Religious and Learned , so I should be glad , if it might conduce any way to the advancing of the esteem at least of the true Religion and Learning , to the setling of men in the true Religion , and incouraging of them in all good Literature . You have here a Catalogue of the famous Witnesses of Christ against Antichrist , of the Champions for Truth , the glorious Reformers and blessed Martyrs , to win you to the liking of , and constancy in the true Religion . You have also here a roll of the famous Linguists and Artists , the learned Lawyers , Physicians , Divines , ancient and modern , Protestants and Papists , the learned Poets , Philosophers , Historiographers , Orators , learned men and women , to allure you to a good opinion at least of Learning , as that which is so many wayes usefull both to Civil and Christian societies .

I might here expatiate in the just praises of England , for the purity of its Doctrine in Religion , and also for the many learned Authors * * See Burtons Melancholy ▪ part . 1. Memb. 3 sub Sect. 15. Reformarc nos veterem religionem disc●pivīmus , non formari novtm : Reformata scilicet , non recens edita Ecclesia Eadem ergo est ▪ quae prius feit , nisi quod ab errorum q●●randam superfluis ▪ pernici●sisq●e adjecta mentis repurgeta est Episc. H 〈…〉 i Columba Noae . here bred and fostered . But because I speak somewhat of it in the Book , I shall be the briefer here .

As the Separation made by our first Reformers was most just for the Idolatry and Cruelty of the Romish Church , Revel. 17. 5 , 6. notwithstanding the great charge of Schism against us by the Romanists , so the English have since the first Reformation here happily begun in the Reign of that pious Prince Edward the sixth , and sealed with the bloud of many holy Martyrs in the dayes of Queen Mary , maintained and countenanced that pure Religion which may fitly be called their Palladium . England is celebrated abroad by the name of the ringing Island , and it may justly ascribe the great fertility and plenty of outward blessings it enjoyes , to the free entertainment it hath given to the Gospel , and the true Professours of it . But let us take heed of imitating Holland too much in an Universal Toleration of all Religions , shall , I say , or opinions , least what Baudius applies to them , agree too fitly to us , Sed vivimus hic non solum in regno libertatis verum etiam licentiae . Baud. Epist. cent . ● . Epist. ●8 .

For learned men , if there were Athenae Anglicae , as there are Athenae They were wont by way of scorn to call all ●ra●salpines that were not Italians . Batavae and Belgicae , and as Leland , Balaeus , Godwin of old , so some judicious pen would reckon up the Viri Illustres of later times here in England , I doubt not but there would be a great number of English Hero●s . ●agnum est , quod dict●r●● sum , dicam tamen , procul omni fastu & assentatione , ring ●ntur , rumpantur invidi ●tupor mundi Cle●us Bricannicus . Tot doctos ●heologos ▪ tot diserto● concionatores frustra u●tiam alibi hodic sub coelo q●aesi●ris H●ll● Columba Noae .

Pithaeus Praefat. in Quintiliani Declamationes reckons up many learned Frenchmen . Archbishop Spotswood in his History of Scotland , mentions many learned Scotchmen , l. 1. p. 22 , 23.

I shall endeavour to marshall up some of our English Schollers .

For the multitude of Divines and Preachers of this Nation , I shall need to say little , it being generally acknowledged , that we herein surpasse the rest of the Reformed Churches . The ancient great lights of our Church were Iuell , Humfrie , Fox , Whi●gift , Fulk , Whitaker , Rainolds , Bilson , Greenam , Babington , Eedes , Holland , Abbot , Perkins , Field , Hooker , Overall , Willet , White , Mason , Elton , Randall , Stock . The later are Davenant , Hall , Morton , Ward , Bromwrick , Boise , Preston , Stoughton , Stbbes , Go●ge , Hill , Reynolds , Seaman , Harris , Vines , Tucknie , Strong , Arrowsmith , Martial , Owen , Goodwin , Calamy , Caryl , Baxter , Marshal , Burgess , Manton , Blake .

For English Schoolmen , I say enough in Merton-Colledge . Ista elaborata Theelogia practica , cujus à libero Spiritu insigne charisma Ecclesia Anglicana prae caeteris nunc accepit nationibus . S●res . Praefat. ●ad Technol . Theol.

For Humanists Burton , Farnaby .

For Linguists , Hebricians of old , Baines , Pacie , Wakefield .

Of later time Fuller , Lively , Broughton , Ainsworth .

Grecians , Downes , Cheek , Hales , Sir Henry Savil , Du Port.

For Grammarians , Linacer , Grant .

For Historians , Matthew Paris , Matthew Westminster , Huntingdon , Gulielmus Malmesburiensis , Sir Walter Raleigh , Wheare .

For Logicians , Brerewrod , Crakanthorpe , Sanderson .

For Poets of old , Chaucer , Spenser , Ockland .

Of late , Alabaster , Serjeant Hoskius , Herbert .

For Mathematicians , Roger Bacon , Iohannes de Sacro-bosco , Brigges , Lydiat , Pell , Oughtred .

For Philosophers , Sir Francis Bacon , Gilbert .

For learned Physicians , Dr Butler , Dr Harvy .

For learned Antiquaries , Leland , Camden , Sir Henry Spelman , Selden .

For Cosmographers , Purchas , Hues .

For learned women , Queen * * J'oserois opposer une seule Elisabeth en sa vie Reyne d' Angleterre , & vne Jane Graye à toutes les illustres femmes de la Grece & de la Romme Ancienne Anna Maria Schutman . Elizabeth , the Lady Iane Gray , and Weston .

Some may perhaps think it may savour of flattery for me to mention the living amongst the other learned men deceased , Nam vivorum ut magna admiratio , ita censura difficilis est . Paterc . Hist. l. 2.

To that I answer , Some of those Latine Authors , which write of illustrious men , speak of divers that were then living .

2. Those that are well acquainted with my temper , will not , I suppose , much charge me with adulation , and the ordinary way of honourably mentioning Authors in quotations little differs from this .

I hope what I say in that kinde will incourage and not puff up any .

As I may through mistake insert some here , who perhaps were neither eminent for Religion nor Learning , so I hope no man will imagine that I take upon me to give so compleat an enumeration , as to omit none , that were too difficult a Province for me to undertake , if the most here be such as will agree with the running Title , I hope none will interprete it exclusively , as if these alone were such . I have cause to bless God that this Subject is profitable , as those others I have formerly laboured in , and hope , that as they have been generally well-esteemed of ( for who can expect to please all ? ) so this likewise will be favourably entertained by those that are candid and judicious , which is the desire of

Thy Affectionate Friend EDWARD LEIGH .

The Names of such BOOKS as this AUTHOR hath Published . 1. CRitica Sacra on the Hebrew of the Old Testament , and on the Greek of the New Testament . Fol. 2. Annotations on all the New Testament . Fol. 3. A Systeme or Body of Divinity . Fol. 4. A Treatise of Divine Promises , 12o . 5. Analecta , or Observations on the twelve first Caesars . 8o . 6. The Saints Incouragement in Evil Times . 12o . 7. A Phylological Commentary , or an Illustration of the most obvious and usefull Words in the Law . 8o . 8. A Treatise of Religion and Learning . Fol.

A TREATISE OF RELIGION AND Learning .

BOOK I. OF RELIGION .

CHAP. I. Of Religion in general .

RELIGION is the chief thing which distinguisheth a man from a beast ; the Elephant and some bruits have a shadow of reason , but Religion is peculiar to men , or reasonable creatures at least ; therefore Gesner ( as I remember ) saith , the Pigmies are a kinde of Apes , and not men , because they have no Religion .

I Shall in the entrance to this Work shew 1. That Religion is . 2. What Religion is .

1. That it is .

Some of the Arguments which prove that there is a God , prove also that there is Religion , for Religion gives God that honour and homage that is due unto him .

The working of Conscience proves that there is a God , and it also proves a Religion . The knowledge and sense of sinne is in all mens hearts ; the Heathens had their turpia & honesta ; a great part of Religion lies in a kindly fear of sinne , and the feare of punishment after sinne proves it also , that there is some Religion .

2. The flying to refuge in troubles , and the praying also in straights , Ion. 3. 6. is a proof that there is a God , and also that there is a Religion . 3. It bath been the practise of all people ever since the world was , to use some religious Rites . Abel sacrificed , See Gen. 4. ult. The most ancient Heathen Histories mention their Religion . Plùtarch saith , the first care their Lawgivers had , was about their Gods and their Worship . So all Nations acknowledge that there is a God , and therefore to be worshipped . Religion is the glory and excellency of Angels , in that they adore him that is better then themselves : it was the excellency of Adam in Paradise , being the effect of the Image of God upon the soul. The Jews were once the only Nation whom God honoured , by intrusting them with his Oracles , Rom. 9. 4. compared with c. 3. v. 2. The imbracing , maintaining and practising of the true Religion , is the onely way to make a Nation or Person strong and peaceable , 2 Chron. 11. 16 , 17. prosperous and plentifull in all outward blessings , 2 Chron. 11. 5 , 12. 2 Sam. 6. 12. For those that honour God he will honour , and those that despise him shall be lightly esteemed , 1 Sam. 1. 30.

2. What Religion is .

Of the word .

The Hebrew word comes from a verb which signifieth to serve or worship , see Religio Hebraeis vocatur 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 Exod. 22. 26. venit autem à verbo 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 quod est servire & colere . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 Graeci vocant , ut Act. 26. 35. haec vox à verbo derivatur , quod servire significat & colere . Aug. Tom. 1. lib. de vera religione , religionem à religando deducit , quod cultu Dei animas nostras religemus Deo à quo defecerimus . Ac Tom. 5. de Civit Dei , l. 10. c. 4. à reeligendo derivat , quòd hac Deum , quem amiseramus , negligentes , denuò religimus , seu reeligimus . Zanch. Tom. 4. l. 1. de Religione . c. 13. Qui omnia , quae ad cultum Deoru● pertinerent , diligenter pertractarent , & tanquam religerent , sunt dicti religiosi , ait M. Tullius . Atque hanc sententiam sequutus est Arnobius l. 4. adversus Gentes . Meli●● tamen ejus discipulus Lact●ntius , religionem à religando app●ll●tam existimavit . Herald . Animadvers . ad Arnob. l. 4. Relig●●si ●ici videntur , quontam , quae a● cultum divinum pertinent diligenter pertractent & quasi relegant . Isid. l. 10 Etym●l . c. 17. Alii putant Religio●●m di●●um esse ● relinquendo , eo quod propter sanctitatem aliquam sepositum fit , & à nostris ●●ib●●●●motum id quod est religiosè consecratum . Azor. Institut. moral . l. 9. c. 10. Iames 1. ult: for Religion , the Syriack interpreter hath a word which signifies service , worship . Austin and Lactantius derive the Latine word à religando : it is the great bond to tie us to God and to man . Others à reeligendo , or à relegendo , because by the often reading and choice of holy books Religion is learned .

Religion is either true or false .

The true Religion is that whereby we serve the true God and with true worship .

False religion is either that , whereby either we serve the false god , as the Romanes Romani . in times past , or whereby we serve the true God with false worship , as the present Romanes . Romanenses . Superstitio est , ubi aut falsi dii , aut falso & inani cultu colitur Deus : contra religio , ubi verus Deus v●roque cultu colitur . Impietas verò est , ubi nulla prorsus est religio , & tales homines propriè impii vocantur , qualis fuit Diagoras , qui 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 dictus est . Zanch. Tom. 4. l. 1. De Religione , c. 13. Idem sunt reipla verus Dei cultus , & vera religio , sicut contra falsus & impius cultus idem est atque superstitio , falsaque religio , Zanch. Tom 4. l. 1. De Religione , c. 13. 1. Religio accipitur pro ratione seu modo colendi Deum , vel pro ●orma cultus ex●erni & publici qui Deo exhibetur , five rectè , five perperam . 2. Pro virtute qua Deum rectè agnoscimus , & sanctè ac purè col●●●● juxta normam in verbo Dei praescriptam seu pro interna & fincera animi pietate à qua dicimur religiosi ▪ Ravanella .

Religion may be thus defined .

It is an officious action , debt , duty , worship or service , inward and outward , which God requireth and man is bound to perform according to his will , by vertue of that bond whereby he is tied to God .

True Religion is the true service of the true God . Morn . de verit . Christ . relig. cap. 24.

One saith , True Religion is the right performance of those duties which we owe to the one onely true God .

The Antiquity of Religion . Gen. 4. 26. Vide Polyd. Verg de Rerum Invent. l. 1. c. 5. & l. 4 c 1. Trecenti sunt auni ferme , minus , vel plus aliquid . Ex quo coepimus esse . Christiani , & terrarum orbe ce●seri . Arnob. advers. Gent. l. 1. Ann. gratiae 203. Panthenus Stoicae secta Philosophus , primus in Indiam à Demetrio Alexandriae Episcopo ad docendum missus , opere & exemplo Ecclesiam Christi instruxit , Matth. Westm. Flor. Hist. p. 61. Omnis autem religio ex dusbus po●issimum rebus aestimari debet ; cultu scilicet , qui in ●a usurpatur , ad quem Liturgia referri debet , & publica fidei declaratione quae confessione continetur . Amyrald . de Secess . ●b Ecclesia Romana . p. 106.

It was in the beginning of the world . We reade of Sacrifices offered by Cain and Abel ; and likewise the distinction of clean and unclean beasts .

The Christian Religion is now of some standing .

There are resemblances of all the gifts of man in the Beasts , but none of Religion , this is the chiefest perfection of man .

Azoriu● saith , Religion is a Morall and not a Theological vertue , for God is not the object of it , but the honour and worship of God , which Religion gives to the divine Majesty .

Rules to know the true Religion ,

False Religions love obscurity , but the true Religion setteth forth her doctrine to view ; The Mahumetans , Turks , and Persians have their service in the Arabick Religio est quae Deo debitum cultum affert . Aquim 2 d● 2 d● . qu. 81. Artic. c. 5. Conclus . Religio vera fidem quidem ▪ requirit , sed perficitur du●bus maxime rebus , beneficentia & vita puritate . Grot. in Jac. 1. 27. Religionem Christianam solam ex omnibus , quae hactenus in mundo publice receptae sunt , esse veram inde demonstratur , quod illa sola verae , de proin●e & divinae Religionis notas habeat . Notae autem infallibiles Religiouis verae . consciemia hominum id ipsis dictante ▪ haesunt : Primò , quod in illa verus Deus Creator , & Gubernator omnium rerum , solus agnoscatur & colatur , ficutin sola Religione Christiana fit . Nam Ethnica , quae post Christianam est vetustissima , creaturas , imo & malos G●u●●s pro Dijs colit ; Turcica vero , & Iuda●ca ho●●ierna , etsi ▪ de vero Deo glorietur , praeterquam quod ipsarum origo in mundo est recens , veri Dei atque operum ejus notitiam ineptissimis fabulis & commentis conspurcat . Secunda verae Religionis nota est : Quod in e●●osa vera ra●io explicetur , per quam homo peccator cum Deo re●onciliari possit , quam in Christiana sola etiam repetire est , quia in illa sola sacrificium peccatis expiandis idoneum , & irae Dei placandae sufficiens invenitur . Tertia Religionis ver● nota est : Quod in ea vera & perfecta officia erga Deum & proximum praescribantur ; quod in nulla quoque quam Christiana religione fit . Walaei Disputat 1 ● : De S. Script . necess. & Author . Vide ejus Loc. commun . de S. Scriptura comparat . Relig. Christian. cum Gentil . Turcic . Iuda●c . tongue , which the people understand not . The Jews reade in their Synagogues ▪ the Law and the Prophets in the Hebrew tongue , whereas the most part of their people have but little or no understanding thereof . The Papists have the Scriptures and their Liturgie in Latine .

2. False Religion is loose , but the true Religion requires strict and holy walking , Iames 1. 26 , 27. Ea Religio praeferenda quae favet puritati & sanctitati vitae . Lessius . Fornication was scarce a sinne among the Heathens ; Mahomet was dissolute himself , and allowed his Disciples to be sensuall ; The Jews practise Usurie ; Abominable uncleannesse is permitted and practised at Rome .

3. The Scripture is the only rule to judge of true and false Religions , Deut 13. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4. 1 Thes. 5. 21. 1 Ioh. 4. 1 , 2.

The marks of the true Religion laid down by Walaeus are ; 1. The true knowledge Animadvertendum est pri●um Decalogi praeceptum unum cole Deum ad Religionem pertinere , cujus est justum ac debitum Deo cultum deferre . of the true God . 2. A true way of reconcili●● man with God . 3. True worship of God .

Zanchy layes down these Theses .

1. True Religion ( which is the same with piety ) consists in the true worship of God , both externall and internall , but especially in the internall . 2. True Religion knowes and worships onely one God , Exod. 20. 3. God will have no companion in his majesty and worship . The wisest Philosophers and best Poets among the Gentiles , thought the same ; as both Iustin Martyr and Clemens Alexandrinus , Azor. Iustitut . Moral . l. 9 c. 10. Lactantiu● one of the most eloquent of the Latine Fathers hath written gravely both of the true and false Religion . The Divin● authority of the Christian Doctrine confirmed . and other Fathers have abundantly demonstrated . 3. The true Religion worships God with no other worship then that which he hath prescribed , viz. with true piety of minde .

Externall Rites , Ceremonies , Sacrifices ( which also are called worship ) in the Scripture , are onely exercises of inward piety , and therefore are so farre acceptable to God as they proceed from inward piety .

Christian Religion was planted by the power of God : As it appears ,

1. By its speedy propagation , Rom. 1. 8. Col. 1. 6. 1 Ioh. 5. 4. 2. All these things were foretold long since by the Sybils and Prophets . 3. From the nature of the Doctrine of Christ , the efficacy of his Doctrine , and the authority of the Teacher : What Doctrine did Christ and his Apostles use to perswade their hearers ? Give to the poor , Give your cheeks to the smiter , Do good to your enemies , Deny your selves , Take up your Crosse , You must look for many afflictions and persecutions if you follow us . O suasionem diffuasionis omnis undique plenam , saith Facinus . Yet Christ perswaded suddenly many and great men ; and the reason is given Mark. 1. 22. Christ taught with authority , not as the Scribes and Pharis●es . 4. From the sublimitie and symphonie * * Habent scriptores illi nescio , quid pium & Augustum , atque id quod mirabile est , inter se quidem commune à caeteris omnibus penitu● alienum , quod significat omnibus illis Deum prae caetrris spirasse . M. Fic . ●● Rel. Christ . c. ● . and certaintie of the books of the old and new Testament . Other Authors doubt and waver . 1 Ioh. 1. 2 , 3. and 5. 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13. 1 Ioh. 4. 13 , 14 , 15 , 16. 5. The purity of this Doctrine and the amplitude of the Promises .

These reasons and more are alledged by Marsilius Ficinus in his 8th and 35 Chapters of his excellent book De religione Christiana .

The glory of a Religion lies in three things ,

1. The excellency of Rewards . 2. The purity of the Precepts . 3. The sureness of the principles of trust .

Let us examine the Christian Religion by these things , and see if it can be matched elsewhere .

1. The reward is the eternall injoyment of God in Christ , Psal. 6. 11. 2 Cor. 4. Neque terrena praemia , ut leges aliae , sed caelestia pollicetur . Ficin. de Relig. Christ . cap 8. The glory of Religion hath been to have holy Martyrs and infamous Persecutors . Iustinus Philosophus & Martyr , de conversione sua , transituque ab Ethnicismo verba faciens , ingenue fatetur , se Platonic● sectae addictum , cum Christianos velut de plaustro omni conviciorum genere proscindi , & tamen impavidos omnium aetatum dignitatumque homines ad mortem accedere animadverteret , cogitare caepisse , fieri non posse , ut ejusmodi homines improbi voluptatibus dediti vitae hujus amantes jure habeantur , qui etiam cum dignitate vivendi conditione sibi oblata , mori malu●t , quum Christum abnegare . Nullum enim tale praesidium è Platonis Philosophia morti opponi posse , vir prudens & ingeniosua facile colligebat . Jac. Gryn . Epist l. 1. Epist. 41. Vide plura ibid. 16. Heb. 11. 6. 2. The purity of precepts : Our holy Religion doth not only forbid sins , but lusts , Psal. 19. 9. 1 Pet. 2. 21. The Law of God reacheth not only to the act , but to the aim and intention in duties . 3. The sureness of the principles of trust , Psal. 19. 7. Psal. 93. 5. they are called The sure mercies of David , Heb. 12. 28.

No other Religion but the Christian shews the way to salvation , nor gives assurance of salvation ; nor no people but Christians have assurance .

Means to keep us constant in the Truth of Religion .

1. We should ground our selves well in the knowledge of it , 2 Tim. 3. 14. Col. 1. 23. For which end , 1. Acquaint thy self well with the main principles of Religion , this is the foundation , Heb. 6. 1. 2. Receive nothing in Religion upon the credit of any man , Acts 17. 11. 1 Thess. 5. 21. 2. Love and practise that thou knowest , Psal. 86. 11. & 119. 3. Luke 8. 15. 3. Take heed of declining from or forsaking the least truth , Psal. 119. 127 , 128. 4. Be constant in a conscionable use of all Gods holy Ordinances , 1. The Ministry of the Word , Ephes. 4. 14. Heb. 10. 23 , 25. 2. The Sacrament of the Lords Supper , it is the Sacrament of our nourishing and strengthening in the State of Grace , and Christ therein is received as bread , the use whereof is , to strengthen mans heart , Psal. 104. 15. 3. Prayer , Psal. 86. 16. & 119. 117.

The Gentiles accused Christians of impiety , because leaving the ancient Religion Aut igitur cuncti nihil laeti habere debuerunt , si malorum caus● nos sumus : ( nationibus enim sumu● in cunctis ) aut cum mixta videatis cum incommodis laeta , definite nobis adscribere id quod offendit res vestras ; cum nihil laetis officiamus & prosperis . Arnob. adversus Gentes , lib. 1. Oro vos , ante Tiberium , id est , ante Christi adventum , quan●ae cl●des or●em & urbem ceciderunt ? Legimus Hierapolim , & Delon , & R●odon , & Con insulas cum multis millibus hominum pessum abiisse . Tertul. Apologet. ( said they ) they passed to a new superstition , and forsook the worship of the Gods ; whence also they collected , that all the evils which infested men were sent by the angry Gods , and therefore they ascribed to them the calamities of the world : To whom Tertullian well answered , That many of those calamities upon Cities and Islands happened before Christs coming .

Whether men may be saved in any Religion ?

The Socinians say a man of any perswasion may be saved , if he doth not walk contrary to his light .

The Scripture speaks but of one faith , Ephes. 4. 5. and that also the Nations should be brought to God by this Gospel , Matth. 24. 14. None can be saved without Christ , 1 Cor. 3. 11. There is no other foundation of hope and comfort , no other name under heaven , Act. 4. 12. I am the way , Joh. 14. 6.

CHAP. II. Of the chief False Religions .

THere are many false Religions , but the principall are these four . Infideles omnes populi appellantur in libris veteris testament● Goiim , & inde in Apostolicis libris , & Evangelistarum monumentis 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 vn nempe , quia praeter populum Deo peculiarem Iudeae terminis inclusum , & postea prater paucos fideles , gentes omnes aliae & nationes vero Déo ignorato Idolis serviebant . Cum Christiani antem imperatores terrarum orbi prasiderent , & Ecclesiae Christ● ubique conderentur ; contra Idolorum templa clauderentur & everterentur , simul cum appellationis causa appellatio quoque ipsa mutata est ▪ & pro nationibus , Gentibus , Ethnicis , Pagani appellari caeperunt , qui prope non amplius terrarum orbem occupantes sed in augustum co●rctati , & quasi pagis tantum quibusdam conclusi . Nec dubito quin haec vera appellationis ratio fuerit , non quod eruditi homines excogitarint , videntur ea omnia ( quod eruditissimorum hominum pace dixerim ) à rei veritate paulo lo●gi●● abesse . Herald . Animadvers . ad Arnob. l 1. p. 3 , & 4. Vide Voet. Disput. Theol. part. 2. de Gentilismo .

Paganism . Mahometism . Judaism . Popery .

First , Paganism .

The Heathen are of Christians called Pagani , because the people who lived in Country Villages ( which are properly called Pagani , a Pago , and that of 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , as Pomp. Festus saith , Quia eadem aqua uterentur ) remained for the most part Heathenish , after the Cities generally were converted to Christianity . B. Down . Defence of his Sermon , l. 2. ch. 7.

The Apostles first preached in great Cities , where Religion by Gods blessing upon their labours did first take place , which was a cause why the name of Pagans ( which properly signifieth Country-people ) came to be used in common speech for the same that Infidels and unbelievers were .

There is Infidelitas negativa , or purae negationis , as in Pagans and Turks , to whom God never yet vouchsafed the means of grace . 2. Pravae dispositionis , by which one refuseth to believe , Isa. 7 9. 2 Thess. 2. 10.

The condition of the Pagans or Heathens is excellently described , Ephes. 2. 12. At that time ye were without Christ , being aliens from the Commonwealth of Israel , and strangers from the Covenants of promise , having no hope , and without God in the world .

The Scripture still brands the Heathens , Ier. 10. 25. Matth. 6. 32. 1 Pet. 4. 3. the Heathens and Publicans are joyned together .

They knew that there was a God , Rom. 1. 18 , 19. & 2. 14. and the wisest of Non est quaestio de gentilibus ad Ecclesiam Israeliticam congregratis , an illi salutis participes facti fuerint , sed de gentilibus extra Ecclesiam . 2. Non est quaestio de notiti● naturali , qualis fuit in primo homine ante lapsum , sed ●● notitia natural● ▪ qualis est in hominibus post lapsum , extra verbi revelationem , an per illam gentiles luce verbi & cognitione Christi destituti salute● consequi potuerunt . Gerh. Confess . Cathol. lib. 2. Special . Artic. 2. c. 4. Vide plura ibid. them worshipped the true God , Act. 17. 23. but 1. Their knowledge was imperfect and confused . 2. Languishing and fainting , mixed with many doubts , Aristotle and Plato the wisest of them doubted about God , and the immortality of the soul. 3. They had no knowledge of Christ and the Trinity of persons . No man can come to the Father but by me , he is called the Way , Joh. 5. 23. & 17. 3. 1 Iohn 2. 23. & 5. 11 , 12. Act. 4. 12.

Secondly , For their life and conversation , they had no true piety in them .

1. Because they had not faith , which only purifieth the heart , Rom. 10. 17. 2. They were not renewed or converted , every one must be regenerated , a new creature . 3. They had not a right end in what they did . 4. All their morality was defiled with idolatry , Rom. 1. 23 , 25. They became vain in their imaginations , v. 21.

The Stoicks were the strictest Sect of all the Philosophers , yet there was a great difference between their discipline and the discipline of Christians ; they commanded to give to the needy , but forbad to be moved with pity , because pity is a passion which a wise man should be free from : but that is a strange wisdom which takes away all humanity , that is Philanthropy , by which name the Grecians call pity .

Therefore their state before the Gospel cometh to them , must needs be wofull and damnable .

Lu●retius Carus the Philosopher and Poet , inveighing sore against the superstitious Religion of the Gentiles , and recounting the wicked fact of King Agamemnon in sacrificing his only daughter Iphigenia , being a young damsell of excellent beauty , to the intent to please the wrathfull gods , hinderers of his navigation , after he had said all , closed it up in this one verse , spoken in Epiphonema .

Tantum Religio potuit suadere malorum .

They shall be judged by the Law of nature , they having never heard of Christ nor his word , shall not be punished for not beleeving such things .

The Heathens were Polytheists , worshippers of many Gods .

The Pantheon at Rome was built by Domitian the Emperour Anno grat●ae 85. that is , a Temple for the honour of all the Gods ; or rather devils , Eo quod in Matth. Westm. Flor. Hist. p. 55. Id. ibid. p. 109. eodem quondam omnium non Deorum , sed damonum cultus agebatur . The Scripture frequently cals such Idol-worship the worship of devils .

They generally worshipt the Sun , as Macrobi●s and others shew . Persae & magi o●nes , qui Per-●i● regionis incolunt fines , ignem pr●ferunt , & omnibus elementis putant debere praeponi , Jul. ●irmic . Matern . de Errore Profanarum Religionum . Solem Persis cultum Herodotus , Iustinus , Strabo , & ●lii prodiderunt . Herculem autem solem mulik probare conatur , Macrob. S●turnal . lib. 1. cap. 20. Ioan. A Wower , Ad Lib. Jul. Firm. matern .

It is a question , An ex meliore usu legis naturae pendeat revelatio Evangelii , whether the revelation of the Gospel depend on the better use of the Law of Nature ?

Walaeus in his answer to Corvinus , c. 5. alledgeth Rom. 3. 11. & Psal. 14. 3. and saith , that experience gives testimony to this assertion of the Scripture , for there was never any found amongst those Nations , to whom the Gospel was not preached , who drew the knowledge of Christ from the light of nature , or to whom God miraculously revealed Christ for his improving the Law of Nature . Cornelius lived at Caesarea , with the Jews . Iob was of the posterity of Abraham , he instructed his posterity , Gen. 18. 19. nay God often passed by those who most improved the light of nature , and revealed Christ by the Gospel to those who were more wicked and perverse then they , Deut. 32. 28. Ezek. 3. 16. & 5. 6. Matth. 11. 21. not to Socrates , Plato , Aristides , Cato , laudatissima inter Gentiles nomina , but to more wicked .

But we preach Christ crucified , unto the Jews a stumbling block , and unto the Sed patibulo affixus interiit . Quid istud ad causam ? Neque enim qualitas & deformit●s mortis dicta ejus immutat aut fact a , aut co minor videbitur disciplinarum ejus auctoritas , quia vinculis corporis non naturali dissolutione digressus est , sed vi illata decessit . Pythagoras Sami●s suspicion● dominationis injusta vivus concrematus in fano est ▪ numqui● ea quae docuit , vim propriam perdiderunt , quiae non spiritum spoute , sed crudelitate appetitu● effudit ? Similiter Socrates civitat●s suae judicio da●natus , capitali affectus est pana : numquid irrita facta sunt , quae sunt ab eo de moribus , virtutibus , & officiis disputat● , quia injuria expulsus è vita est ? Arnob. Advers. Gent. l. 1. Greeks foolishness , 1 Cor. 1. 23.

The Jews mock us , because we had such a Messiah which cried out , My God , my God , why hast thou saken me ? If he was God ( say they ) why did he so cry out ? did not all troubles come to him by his own will ?

Wisdom is justified of her children .

We have those famous Apologies of Iustin Martyr , who dedicated his first to Anno Aerae Christi 303. Persecutionis ●amm● oleum ●ddiderunt Porphyrius , Hiero●les , & alii , qui contra Religionem Christianam scripserunt : Rursum ex medio ●imicorum suorum Dem excitavit Ar●●bium Rhetorem , qui constantiâ Martyrum permotus , ad Religionem Christianam accessit , ●amque contra Porphyrium & alios de●endit , idem fecit post ●a Lactantius Arnobii discipulus ex Philosopho Episcopus , Calvis . Chronol. Vide Ficin. de Relig. Christ . cap. 14. Tantò saltem Christiana lex caeteris excellentior est , quantò & plures docti & doctis aliis semper doctiores , eloquentioresque & s●nctiores fuerunt , qui banc sequuti sunt , quàm qui alias susoeperunt , M. Ficin . de Religione Christiana , c. 14. Iohannes Franciscus Picus Mirandulanus de fide & ordine credendi , fidem Christianorum veram esse ostendit è Scripturis & omni antiquitate quam copiofissimè . Ludov. Croc. in Ficinum de Relig. Christ . c. 21. Itaque utilissima sunt , & Dei providentia nobis reservata , quae Tertullianus , Arnobius , Clemens Alexandrinus , Theodoretus atque alii de diis Gentium & superstisionibus corum prodiderunt . Not. Dounaei in Chrysost. Hom. 29. in Epist ▪ prim . ad Corinth . the Roman Senate , and his second to Antoninus Pius Augustus ; and that of Tertullian , who in the time of Severus the Emperour , seeing Christians persecuted only for the Name , as a sufficient crime , wrote his Learned , large and accurate Apology , dedicating it to the Emperour and his Sonne . He is styled by Pierius Valerianus , Acerrimus Christiani nominis propugnator .

The wiser Heathens did call the Christians Idiots , and reproached them as illiterate .

But the Atheist cannot name any age wherein the Heathen had an Oliver to oppugne our Christian profession , but we had a Rowland to defend it . If they had a Porph●rie or Celsus to oppose Philosophy against it , we had an Arnobius , an Origen to maintain and follow Christianity . If they had a Symmachus , we had an Ambrose and Prudentius : If they had a Iulian , we had a Gregory Nazianzon .

Those Atlasses of Christian Religion equalled the most renowned Heathens in all Learning ( as well as they exceeded them in true Religion : ) Such among others were Iustin a Philosopher and Martyr , Tertullian , Irenaeus , Cyprian , Origen , ( Learned to a miracle ) Clement of Alexandria , Eusebius , Epiphanius , the three Learned Gregories , Nazianzene , Nyssene , Thaumaturgus , both the Basils , Athanasius , Cyrill , Minutius Faelix , Arnobius , Chrysostom , Ierom , Ambrose , Lactantius , Austin , Prosper , Hilary , Prudentius , and others , of most eminent Learning , piety and courage , who defended the Christian Religion against proud Heathens and pestilent Hereticks of those daies . Dr Gaudens Defence of the Ministry , pag. 407.

Of all the Countries subject to the Papall Empire , England suffered the most In Britannia quidem ipsis Apostolorum temporibus annunciatum fuisse Evangelium authores habemus locupletissimos , Eusebium , Theodoretum , R. Episc. Usser . Praefat. ad Britan. Eccles. primord . Nulla alia est regio quam Britannia quae Christianismum conservarit constantius , professa fit ●incerius , & que tot tantosque Principes in sanctorum Martyrum & Confessorum catalogum relatos ostendere possit . Lansii Orat. pro Britannia . Gildas nostras statim ab ortu Evangelii , & ante eum Theodorus Graecus author palam testantur , inter alias gentes Britanniam fidem ab Apostolis aut eorum discipulis accepisse . Harpsf . Hist. Anglic. Eccles. c. 1. Vide plura ibid. Luce meridiana clarius existit statim post Apostolorum tempora Ecclesias hic fuisse constitutas . Tertulliamus & Origenes id ipsum testantur post annum Christi ducentessimum . Godw. praefat ad lib. de Praesul . Ang. hard and shamefull servitude , especially in the reign of Henry the 2 d , and Iohn , and Henry the 3 d.

Some say , England was the first Kingdom in all the world , which received the Gospel with the countenance of Supream Authority , it was prima provinciarum quae amplexa est fidem Christi , so Sabellicus and others .

By whom the Christian Religion was first brought hither , is disputed , some say by Iames the brother of Iohn , some Simon Zelotes , some Peter and Paul , others Ioseph of ▪ Arimathea , some Gregory the Pope .

See Camdens Prefat. ad Britan. Godw. de praesulibus Angliae , Antiquitates Britannicae . Episc. Usser . de Britannic . Eccles. Primord . cap. 8. Bed . Hist. l. 1. cap. 23. B. Mort. Appeal , l. 1. c. 4. & 9. Rivii Reg. Anglic. in Hiber . def. p. 44 , &c.

The first Christian King that ever was in the world was King Lucius a Britain , and the first Christian Emperour was born in England , even Constantine the Great .

Habemus optime vir Dei , ( saith Zanchius in his 2 d Book of Epist. to Bullinger , Babylas Episcopus Antiochenus , octogenario superior , cum aliquot frugi filiis , & grandaeva sanctaque conjuge , catenis ferreis oneratus , Scipione innxu● ducitur ab impiis idololatris Paganis , petit carnificinae initium à filiis ( quos paterne necis spectaculotristi percelli nolebat ) fieri ▪ & cum id impetrasset , recitat Iesaiae verba : Ecce ego , & pueri quos dedit mihi Jehova in signa & portenta in Israel à Jehova . Illis occifis , cum ipse quoque cervicem seriendam praebere parat & primum citra superstitionem , postulat , n● mortuo caten● detraherentur ferreae , quae sibi à Iesu Christo olim resufcitando , ornamento futurae essent , illud significans , non se pudere catenarum quibus Christi causa vinctus esset , ac se aureis catenis illas longe anteferre : Deinde repetit Davidis verba , Revertere anima mea in requiem tuam quia Dominus , infigni permutatione usus , benefecit tibi . Liberasti animam meam à morte : oculos meos à lachrymis , pedes meos à lapsu Ambulabo in terra viventium . Sene sancto occiso , grandaeva conjunx , neglect● à Paganis , ipsa suis manibus , mariti & filiorum corpora terraemandat . Gryn . Epist. l. 1. Epist. 6. upon the relation of the burning of Archbishop Cranmer ) pro quo gratias aga mus Deo , quod tot tantorumque virorum sanguine , cùm alibi , tum praesertim in illo Anglicano Regno , sacro sanctum Filii sui Evangelium quotidie obsignare dignatur , ad confirmandam fidem nostram , & ad instaurationem sanctorum . Fieri non potest , quin solum illud tanto Martyrum sanguine irrigatum , laetas Domino segetes ferat , ex quibus Ecclesia Christi coalescat . Fieri etiam non potest , quin tantus sanguis è terra clamet ad Dominum : O barbaram , impiam , & omnis humanitatis expertem meretricem . Perdat illam Deus , & quam citissimè sua in illam judicia patefaciat .

Thuanus reporteth of Ludovicus Marsacus a Knight of France , when he was led with other Martyrs that were bound with coards to execution , and he for his dignity was not bound , he cryed , Cur non & me quoque torque donas , & insignis hujus ordinis militem creas ? Give me my chain to , let me be a Knight of the same Order .

CHAP. III. The second great false Religion is Mahometism . Vide Laurentii Ludovici Leobergensis Orat. 10 , & 11. De Muhom . increment . & Forbes Instruct. Histor. Theol. l. 4. c. 1. de Muhammede , de origine doctrinae Muhammedicae & Alcorani l. 4. c 3. de Impietate doctrinae Muhammedanae ; c. 4. usque ad cap. 14. Vide Matth. Westm. p. 111 , 112.

IN the Year of our Lord 666 , the detestable Sect of Mahumet began to take strength and place .

Moamed or Machumed an Ishmaelite being a poor man till he married a widow wealthy and of high countenance : having the falling sickness , whereby the widow was sorry that she matched with him , perswaded her by himself and others , that his fits were but a trance , wherein he talked with the Angel Gabriel . The woman made women beleeve that her husband was a Prophet : afterwards men by help of certain Heretiques set the false Prophet forward . From Iudaism Arius , N●storius , and his own brain he frameth a Doctrine . He prevaileth so by force of his wilde company and guile deceiving the simple , that before his death he winneth Arabia , and the Countries about Euphrates . The sonnes of Ishmael ashamed of Agars name , borrow from Sara the term of Saracens . Brought . Concent .

He gave sundry Laws to his followers , patched of many Sects and Religions together : He taught them to pray ever to the South , and as we keep the Sunday , so they keep the Friday , which they call the day of Venus . He permitted them to have as many Wives as they were able to maintain ; to have as many Concubines Mahomet was born in the Country of Arabia . His Father was a Persian , his mother an Ishmaelite , which Ishmaelites being a people of Arabia , were called then Agar●ns , which term Mabumet afterward turned to the name of Saracens . Vide Polyd. Verg. de Invent. Rerum , l. 7. c. 8. as they list ; to abstain from the use of wine , except on certain solemn daies in the year ; to have and worship only one God omnipotent , saying that Moses and the Prophets were great men , but Christ was greater , and greatest of all the Prophets , as being born of the Virgin Mary by the power of God , without mans seed , and at last was taken up to heaven , but was not slain , but another in his likeness for him . Fox's Act. and Monum . Vol. 1. p. 161. See 963 , 964.

The Persians beleeve in Mahomet , yet the Turks and they differ in opinion about him , the one pursuing the other with most deadly hatred , insomuch that there is almost continuall Warre between them . In Alcorano libro Legis corum habetur , Iesum Christum Dominum nostrum de Maria Virgine fuisse conceptum & na●um , quum fine peccato vixisse inter homines , Prophetamque & plus quam Prophetam esse profitentur . Cae●os enim illuminasse , laeprosos mundasse , & mortuos prorsus suscitasse astruunt . Verum quoque asserunt cum ad caelum ascendisse . Lex illorum , quam Diabolo dictante , ministerio Sergii Monachi apostacae & haeretie● , Mahometus Arabi●è scriptam Saracenis dedit & docuit , à gladio caepit , per gladium tenetur , & in gladio term●n●tur . Iste Mahometus illiteratus fuit , sicut ipse in Alchorano suo testatur : qui quae praenominatus haereticus dictavit , ipse praed: cavit . Et quia potens erat , & Arabum Princeps , per comminationes suas legem statuit observari . Luxuriosus autem suis & bellicosus , & ideo de immunditia & vanitate legem dedit , quam carnaliter viventes in partem voluptatis observant : & sicut legem Christi veritas & munditia muniunt , ita errorem ipsorum timor mundanus & humanus , voluptasque carnalis extollunt . Matth. Paris Hist. Angl. Henr. 3 ●ii . Mahumetis Religio in armis nata , nihil spirat nisi arma , armis propagata . Grotius de Relig. Christ . l. 2. Tanta reverentia Alcoranum excipiunt , ut si quis Christianorum imprudens ipsi insideat , capitis supplicio afficiatur . Dilher . Elect. l. 1. c. 2. Vide plura ibid. & Clenard . Epist. l. 1. p. 28 , 29 , 32.

The Alcoran is given out for the Word of God ; it is written in Arabick verse , in form of a Dialogue between the Angell Gabriel and their Prophet , it is prohibited to be translated , which both preserves the Arabick tongue and conceals the Religion . Mr Henry Blunt's Voyage into the Levant ▪ p. 146.

The Alcoran is stuft with obsceanness , lies , miracles , visions , morall and naturall Philosophy ▪ such trash as may wonderfully provoke the silliest Student to a height of laughter . It is in Volume twice so big as the Psalmes of David , divided into a hundred and fourteen Chapters . He denies Christ to be the Son of God , and saith , that the Virgin conceived by smelling to a Rose presented her by Gabriel , and , that he was born out of her breasts . Also that he was not crucified , but Iudas or some other wicked thief ; Christ being separated from them by a cloud that covered him , and came from heaven , Herb. Trav. l. 2. p. 273 , & 254. Amongst other qualities whereby Mahometism possesseth the minds of men , one , is its pleasing doctrine . The Angel tels their Prophet concerning Venery , and some such other delicacies of life , that God did not give men such appetites to have them frustrate , but enjoyed . Mr Henry Blunts Voyage into the Levant . p. 149. Quam longè latéque se diffuderit pestiferum illud virus haereseos Mohamedicae , historiae passim docent , & qui Regiones Orientis peragrárunt testari facilè possunt . Ubicunque verò Religio Mohamedis Arabis viget , ibi Arabum lingua in sacris sola in usu est . Hoc ipse legislator manifestis verbis sub paena capitis sancivit . Tantùm autem Mohamedis religio patet , teste Postello , ut vix tertia pars terrarum orbis nobis Christianis reliqua sit . Imò ab ultimis extremi occidentis oris , hoc est , ab insulis Fortunatis ad Maluccarum usque insulas in extremo Orientis , Mohametismum regnare certum est . In Graecia olim eloquentiae & Religionis syncerioris parente , in Thracia , Molachia , Natolia , Armenia , Assyria , Mesopotamia , Chaldaea , Perside , India , & insulis adjacentibus , Palaestina , Arabia , Aegypto , Nubia , Marmarica , Numidia , Mauritania , denique in tota ferè Africa viget Mohametismus , ac ibi lingua quoque Arabica quasi pro vernacula est . Wilhelm . Bedwel . Praesat . Iohan. Apost. & Evangelist . Epist. Cathol. Arab. Vide Laurent . Ludov Leobernensis Orat. 10 , & 11. de Mahom. Increm .

Brerewood in his Enquiries , cap. 11. gives four reasons of the spreading of Mahumetanism , whereof two are ,

1. Their peremptory restraint ( even on the pain of death ) of all disputations touching their Religion , and calling any point of it into question . 2. The sensuall liberty allowed by it , viz. to have many wives , and the like promise of sensuall pleasures to succeed after this life ( to the Religious observers of it ) in Paradise .

God was pleased to suffer a base Epileptick person , a villain and vitious , to set up a Religion which hath filled almost all Asia and Africa , and some parts of Europe . Dr Taylors Rule of a Holy Dying , ch. 1. sect. 4.

Vide Crines . Discurs . de Confus . Ling. c. 6.

The Janizaries ( many of which were at first Christians ) are the greatest strength Ianizari vel Ienizari praecipuum sunt Imperatoris Turcici robur : atque ex iis etiam eliguntur Imperatoris ejusce custodes : ac quia aula Soltani porta Osmonica nuncupatur eò à januae vocabulo Ianizari putantur vocitari . Vossius de vitiis Sermonis , l. 2. c. 10. of the Turkish Empire , being first instituted by Amurath the first , they are often dreadfull unto the great Turk himself ; after whose death they have sometimes preferred to the Empire such of the Emperours sonnes as they best liked , without respect of prerogative of age , contrary to the will of the great Sultan himself . Some suppose they are not unlike in time to be the chief cause of the ruine of that large Empire .

The Christians themselves in Turkie are * * Sed & regnum Turcicum Christianis adeò s●cundum esse constans sama est , ut si hominum numero certandum sit , facilè uni Muselmanno , quo nomine gaudent Turcae , seu Alcoranitae , tres opponi posse Christianos ; crudele autem barbarorum jugum ob certaminum , quae fovent , varietatem , & contraria , in qua scinduntur , studia , mutuasque , quibus laborant dissentiones excutere non posse . Joach . Vageti Period . Reg. Turc . numerous .

When any of the Janizaries have committed ought worthy of death , the custom is to send the same party in the night time over by Boat from Constantinople to Pera ; where by the way he is thrown into the water with a great stone about his neck , and then there is a piece of Ordinance shot off , which is a token of some such execution . The Turk is forced to take this course , lest the rest of his Janizaries should mutiny when any of their fellows is put to death .

That complicate errour of the Socinians sprung from Mahometism . Turpissimam Sōcinistarum gentem è fimetis Muhammedanorum prosiliisse , hinc certum est , quòd non modò blaspheme ore conspirant cum Turcis in abneganda Iesu Christi divina natura verùm etiam quòd eum in finem Christianam fidem ita subvertant , ut Christianos cum Muhammedanis unia●t ac consocient faedere exsecrabili . Vide Socini scripta , & consilii istius luculenta testimonia invenies . Ludov. Croc. in Ficin. de Relig. Christ . cap. 36.

The abstinence and sobriety of many Turks will condemn intemperate Christians , Scilicet credendum est Christianum propter innumerabilia Christi in se beneficia collata , sobrium esse non posse cùm Turcae propter perditum hominem & profligatum Mahometum parcè , continenter , sobriéque vivant , adeò ut ne vinum quidem gustent . Olympiae Fulviae Moratae Epist. l. 1. cuidem concionatori Germano . Vide Busbeq . Epist. and their frequent prayers , the prophanness of divers Christians .

There is a Book in Latine in Folio , styled Machumetis Alcoran , published by Nihil adfirmat Mahometus de remissione peccatorum , evomit blasphemias in filium Dei , non docet quod sit peccatum , non monstrat causas humanarum calamitatum , nihil potest dicere de vera invocatione in fide . Melancht . Ad Alcoruani lectorem praemonit . Nominatim profitetur se hostem esse iis populis qui invocant filium Dei , & amplectuntur Prophetarum & Apostolorum scripta . Deinde conjugium prorsus abolet , nefarias libidines concedit . Id. ibid. Negat codex authenticus Machumetanorum , quem vocant Alcoranum , Iesum crucifixum & mortuum , & resuscitatum esse : sed tantum parricidis Iudaeis ereptum asserit , & subvectum in caelum , unde venturus sit judex omnium . Negat esse filium Dei & verum Deum sed rursum tribuit eropera , quae nemo potest facere , nisi Divina virtute . Bibliand . de Ratione communi omnium Linguarum . Theodore Bibliander . There is the Premonition of Philip Melancthon to the Reader of the Alcoran , Biblianders Apology for the edition of the Alcoran , Annotations upon it , and severall other things out of Ludovicus Vives , and others against it .

Before the Turks come to prayer , they prepare themselves thereunto by outward washing of themselves in token of reverence , and suffer no women to come to their Churches , lest the sight of them should withdraw their mindes from prayer .

CHAP. IV. The third false Religion is Iudaism .

THey were after the Babylonian Captivity casled Jews of the chief and royall Purch . Pilgrim . l. 2. c. 11. Tribe , and their Country Iudea .

Before Christs death the Gospel was revealed only to the Jews , a few Gentiles were brought in , as Rahab , Iob , the people of Nineveh ; after his resurrection it was revealed to all Nations , Mark 16. 16. The first Church that ever was gathered , was of the Jews , Matth. 15. 24. Luke 24. 47. Because 1. They were the first-born , and their Fathers were in Covenant with God , Gen. 17. 7. 2. Christ came of them after the flesh , Rom. 9. 4 , 5.

The Jews look for a Messiah to come in outward pomp , yet some of their Rabbines say , In Regno Messiae nihil mundanum .

They detested the Publicanes of old as most vile sinners , but now they are the only Publicans who serve under the Turk ; no man will trust them now they are so perfidious . See Deut. 32. 26.

They are of more vile account in the sight of Turks then Christians ; insomuch that if a Jew would turn Turk , he must first turn Christian before they will admit him to be a Turk , Biddulphs Travels .

They deride Christ with that reproachfull and despitefull name Talui , which is as much as hanged or crucified .

After their prayers , they utter an execrable curse against all Christians and Iudaei in suis Synagogis singulis diebus ter Christo maledicunt , Hieron . in Esai l. 22. c. 49. Tom. 5. & l. 14. c. 42. dicbus & noctibus blasphemant Salvitorem , & sub nomine Nazaraeorum ter in dic in Christianos congerunt maledicta . Baptized Jews .

They are given much to Fables , Titus 1. 14.

Nunquam tam bene intellexi quae de Iudaicis fabulis vitandis monet Paulus , atque quum Talmud . gustavi . Wal. Epist. Walaeo Gomarus .

This is a sign that they are given up by God to a reprobate minde , as the Lord threatens , Deut. 28. 28.

They have been cast off 1600 Years , the curse they wished on themselves is upon them till this day .

Polyd. Vergill . de Invent. Rerum , l. 8. c. 4. saith , the people of the Jews , though Sectae principaeliores & quasi Scholae oppositae in quas Iudaei olim scindebantur tres erant nominatissimae . Pharisaeorum prima . Secunda Sadducaeorum . Tertiam verò tuebantur qui Esseni dicebantur . Montacut . Apparat. Vide plura ibid. Principes trium sectarum refidebant Hierosolymis , ut hodie Principes ordinum monachalium quos Generales ordinum vocant , Romae manere tenentur . Scalig. Elench. Trithaeres . Serar . c. 19. it imbraced the same Law , was divided into divers Sects , Nazarenes , Pharisees , Essenes , Saducees , Samaritans , Herodians .

There are three principall Sects among the Jews , Pharisees , Sadducees , and Essenes .

1. Pharisees .

They were the strictest Sect among the Jews , Act. 26. those that pretended most of all to walk according to the rules of the Jewish Religion . Paul the Apostle was a Pharisee .

See of them Spanhem . Dub. Evan. parte tertia , Dub. 28. & Cameron on Matth. 20. v. 3.

2. The Sadducees .

Antigonus Master to Sadoc the Father of the Sadducees , exhorted his Schollars De eo quod dicuntur negasse spiritus , non disputo . Sane ut multi putant , sic sequeretur eos negasse legem Mosaicam , quae variis in locis Angelorum mentionem facit . Praterea certum est eos non negasse librorum Propheticorum autoritatem , ut ex Talmude liquet . Menasseh Ben Israel de Resurrectione , cap. 6. Vide Camer . praelect ▪ Tom. 3. in Matth. 20. v. 3. p. 45. to embrace the Law , not looking for a reward , that is , for love of it self . Sadoc and the Sadducees after him taught that there was no reward after this life , and therefore no resurrection . Dr Lightfoots 3d d part of his Harmony , Sect. 6.

It is noted of them , that of all other Sects , they were the most cruell in their judiciall censures , as Euseb. Eccles. Hist. l. 2. c. 14. out of Iosephus . They denied the resurrection and last judgement ; so as they were Atheists . This made them dare to practice all cruelty and injustice : For Maxima peccandi ill●cebra impunitatis spes .

See of them Spanhem . Dub. Evang. parte tertia Dub. 29.

3. The Essenes .

From whom some fetch the originall of Christian Monks .

There were also Scribes , Learned men , which professed the reading and interpretation of the Law , either of the Sect of the Pharisees or Sadducees .

The Jews had so high an opinion of the Scribes and Pharisees , that they thought if but two went to heaven , one must be a Scribe and the other a Pharisee .

For Justification , They found no need of the righteousness of Christ , therefore How often doth Christ thunder against the Scribes and Pharisees , Matth. 15 6 , 9 , 12. Matth. 23. severall verses . Christ saith he came not to call such righteous persons ( in their own conceit ) but sinners . See Rom. 10. 3.

For Sanctification : All their righteousness came from self , that which may be found in a naturall man ; they knew not what Regeneration or a new nature meant , Iohn 3. 4. 10. 2. Not the Law , but their interpretation of it was their rule , Matth. 5. 27. 3. They pleaded their obedience before God , All these have I kept from my youth .

The Rabbins have much from old Writers agreeable to the Apostles Doctrine , but stained with dogged blasphemies , notwithstanding their readiness in the Text and Records in pieces of ancient Truth must be regarded . As touching their sayings , fighting for us against themselves , I think them profitable when they are cited with skill , what they do mean or ought to mean , otherwise they will trouble much men little acquainted with them . H. Broughton of Melchis .

Two things are most firmly to be held against the Jews .

1. That the promised Messiah is come . 2. That Jesus of Nazareth is the true Messiah .

The first is most certain from these Arguments .

1. Because the Messiah ought to come when the Scepter was taken from Iudah , Gen. 49. * * If the words of our Father Iacob be true , and there is no Scepter nor Law giver now in the house of Iudah , then must it needs be this man Jesus , whom we confess and believe , is that Shilo which was to come . The Confession of Faith made by Nathanael the Jew , Baptized by Mr. Fox . 10. 2. Because he was to come before the destroying of the second Temple , Hag. 2. 8 , 10. Mal. 3. 1. 3. Because the place of the Nativity of the Messiah hath been destroyed for 1500 years and more : That is , Bethlehem , Mic. 5. 2. 4. Because the Oracles and Heathenish Idolatries , and also the Leviticall Ceremonies have ceased , Zach. 13. 2 , 4. Dan. 9. 26 , 27.

The second also is most certain , That Jesus of Nazareth is the true Messiah , because all the Prophesies of the Old Testament concerning the Messiah , agree to him .

1. He was born when the Scepter departed from Iudah , according to the Prophesie of Iacob , Gen. 49. * * Locus hic est insignis , & vehementer urit Iudaeos . Quare vix alius est , quem tot & tàm variis t●mque inter se discrepantibus glossis contaminaverint . Helv. System . Controv. Theol. quae Christian. cum Iudaeis intercedunt . 10. 2. He came while the second Temple stood , Hag. 2. 8. Mal. 3. 1. 3. He was born in Bethlehem , Mic. 5. 2. Matth. 2. Luk. 2. 4. When he came the Oracles ceased , according to that Zach. 13. 24. as it is manifest from Plutarch , about the ceasing of Oracles , Iuvenals 6th Satyre and Ecclesiasticall History . 5. He abrogated the Leviticall Ceremonies and Sacrifices , Dan. 9. 26 , 27. Ier. 3. 16.

Aben-Ezra upon Isa. 52. 13. confesseth that the Jewish Rabbins affirm , that those things are spoken of the Messiah . So also doth Abrabaneel upon the place : and the Chaldee Paraphrast there for 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 My servant , hath 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 My servant Messiah .

The Conversion of the Jews is called by Paul a mystery , it is uncertain when it shall be . Marsilius Ficinus in his book de Relig. Christian. c. 37. gives these reasons why the Jews do not yet imbrace the Christian faith , Propheticorum Christianorumque mysteriorum divina profunditas ; & quia divina , ideo humana intelligentia non penetrabilis Rursus ingenium mercenariorum miserabiliumque Iudaeorum incultum prorsus & pertinax . Avaritia tum ejus , quod suum est servandi , tum faciendi faenoris inexplebilis . Naturalis suorum amor innatum odium Christianorum .

There are divers hinderances of their Conversion .

1. The great differences among Christians . 2. Their slighting and undervaluing of Gospel Ministry and Ordinances , the multitude of Heresies and Blasphemies . 3. Their loose lives , swearing , cursing , Sabbath-breaking . 4. The great Idolatry of the Church of Rome , artolatria & iconolatria : The Jews hate Image-worship . 5. The severe carriage of Christians in civil commerce with them .

Helps to their Conversion .

1. Unity . 2. Holiness of life and conversation . 3. The love of the Gospel , and propagation of it to dark places . 4. Knowledge and skill in the Old Testament , and Rabbins . 5. Earnest prayer . When we were out of Covenant they prayed for us , Nihil ( mihi credite ) ad Iudaeorum impudentiam confutandam reperitur adeo validam , nihilque ad eorum convincendam nequitiam tam efficax invenitur , ut est Hebraicae linguae & traditionum suarum cognitio . Wakefieldi . Orat. de laude & utilitate trium Linguarum , Arab. Chald. & Hebr. Cant. 8. 8.

By those arguments , Ioh. 5. 30. Act. 17. 2. & 18. 28. Rom. 16. 26. many Jews have been overcome . Iohannes Isaac a Jew was converted by reading Isa. 53. And conferring with five Rabbins at Frankefort , out of that Chapter he brought them to such straits , that they could not answer . Isaac contra Lindanum l. 2. defens . Heb. verit .

Lyra , Immanuell Tremellius , Paulus Ricius , Lud. Carretus , were converted Jews .

Mr Fox preached a Sermon at the Baptisme of a Jew .

God will exalt the Jews as the Mother-Church , so that all the Churches in all Of the Jews Conversion Vide Mercer . in Amos 9. 9. & 14. & ad Obad. v. 20. Capel . Spicil●g . ad Matth. 17. 3. & ad Ioan. 3. 14. & Drus. ad difficiliora . loc . Gen. c. 81. the world shall depend on them , as some conceive , Isa. 60. 17. Ezek. 16. Rev. 21. 24.

CHAP. V. The fourth principall false Religion is Popery .

POpery is but Ethnicismus redivivus , as divers have shewed ; or Heathenism and Judaism together . Irrepsit in ceremonias Iudaismus , in vitam Paganismus . Nota nimis ac testata loquor , & veriora quam vellem . Dominatur in Monasteriis Pharisaismus , in Canonicorum collegiis Epicurismus . Rivius de Religione , l. 2.

Papastry is a Pile or Timpany rather of Doctrines and Ceremonies cemented and built with admirable skill . All the subtilties and counsels and cunning slights of humane wit have been imployed in the framing of it . Therefore the Apostle styles it The mystery of iniquity . Moulins Antibarb . ch. 8.

Though they maintain the same Scriptures with us , the same Commandements , Iulius Sealiger interrogatus Quid esset Roma , respondit , Acetum pessimum vini optimi . the Lords Prayer , and the three Creeds , of the Apostles , of Nice , and of Athanasius , yet they have many superstructions , and groundless additions of their own both in Doctrine and Worship . See Beza's Traicte Des Marques De Leglise Cathol. p. 86. jusques au fin .

The Church of Rome when Luther arose , was not the Catholick Church , but Drus. ad difficil . loc. Num. c. 22. Quam faedis corruptelis propemodum extincta fuerit vera religio su● Papatu , vix ullis verbis exprimi potest , nec sine summo horrore cogitari . Imo quum nihil aliud ●it totus Papatus quam sacrilega & innumeris ludibriis referta Nominis Dei profanatio , si in repurgandis istis sordibus frigemus ubi suppetit facultas , minime coram Deo ejusque Angelis excusabilis erit nostra cessatio . Calv. Epist. D. Ioanni Comiti Tarnovio . Missam in Christi contumeliam ab ipso Satana fabricatam affirmo ad sanctae caenae eversionem certiss●mam . Plane enim ex diametro illi repugnat , ubi sacrificii nomine censetur , atque in actionem temere inventam vis & efficacia passionis Domini transcribitur extat ; illic praeterea apertissima idololatria , non tantum ubi panis adoratur , sed quia & oratur pro defunctis , & merita atque intercessiones sanctorum implorantur , & pleraque ejusmodi illic siunt , quae Dominus nominatim condemnat . Quare non magis licet fidelibus communicare illi superstitioni , quam olim licebat sacrificari in Bethel . Illud enim omnino repugnat Confessioni Fidei , quam à nobis Dominus requirit . Calv. Epist. N. S. only a part of it , and the most corrupted and incorrigible . Chillingworth cap. 3. Sect. 56.

Si authoritas quaeritur orbis major est urbe — Quid mihi profers unius viri consuetudinem ? Hieron . ad Evagrium .

We protest and proclaim that we have very little hope of their salvation , who either out of negligence of seeking the truth , or unwillingness to finde it , live and die in the impieties of that Church . Chillingworth ch. 3. Sect. 63.

Sr Edwin Sands in his Europae speculum , or Relation of Religion of the Western parts of the World , discovers fully the superstitions and gross corruptions of the Church of Rome .

He shews how their State is strangely compacted of infinite contrarieties .

What pomp , what riot to that of their Cardinals ? What severity of life comparable to their Hermites and Capuchins ? Who wealthier then their Prelates ? Who poorer by vow and profession then their Mendicants ? On the one side of the street a Cloyster of Virgins : On the other a Sty of Courtezans , with publick toleration : This day all in masks with all looseness and foolery ; to morrow all in Processions , whipping themselves till the blood follow . On one door an Excommunication , throwing to hell all transgressours ; on another , a Jubilee or full discharge from all transgressions . He saith this is a Proverb recorded in their own books , That the worst Christians of Italy are the Romanes , of the Romanes the Priests are wickedest , the lewdest Priests are preferred to be Cardinals , and the baddest man among the Cardinals is chosen to be Pope .

There is a twofold separation .

One condemned , Iude v. 19. when men separate from a Church where salvation is to be had : Christ did not separate from the communion of the Jewish Church , Iohn 4. 21 , 22. but from the corruptions of it . He frees the Law from the false glosses of the Pharisees , the 5th , 6 th and 7th Chapters of Matthew , he would not joyn with them in their superstitious purifications . They kept the Passeover a day after its time , he kept it a day before they kept it , Matth. 26. 27.

2. Another commended and * * Palam est nostram à nobis Ecclosiam reformatam esse ex mero ipsius verbo quod unum est pro regula , ad quam & instituenda illa sit , & tuenda legitime . Plusquam idonea sunt rationes quae ad mutationem illam nos adegerunt cujus praejudicio falso urgemur . Primum nempe caput Christianismi est , ut Deus colatur . Animadvertimus vero formam illam adorationis quae in usu erat , falsam & perversam esse , quia non erat in spiritu & veritate , sed in externis ceremoniis & ritibus etiam superstitiosis . Quamvis etiam non jam unus Deus adoraretur , sed loco ipsius ligna & lapides , picturae , mortuorum reliquiae & caetera id genus . Cum Dei adoratione cohaeret ipsius recte invocandi regula . Et qualis est Dei invocatio in toto Papatu , nisi cum dubitatione & diffidentia conjuncta , quatenus non tenetur Christi munus , quod in eo positum est , ut intercedat pro nobis , ut ejus nomine à Deo exaudiamur . Porro quid sunt aliud publicae illae preces , quam strepitus ignoti & velut exotici ululatus ? Postremo quot blasphemiae illic censendae sunt , ubi virtus mediatoris transfertur ad sanctos & sanctas , ut eorum nomine & meritis gratia impetretur . Tertio loco & invocatio proximo est ipse Dei cultus . Docebamur autem Deum colere ex vanis hominum traditionibus ; Ille suam unam voluntatem pro omni regula hac in parte praescripsit . Calvin . Responsio ad quendam Curatum . approved , Rev. 16. 3. & 18. 4. Salvation was no longer to be had in Rome , their worship was grosly corrupt , in such cases not only a mentall but externall separation was requisite . See Camer . Popish Prejud . Examined and Confuted , c. 33.

Gerh●●d . in his Confess . Cathol . l. 1. General . part. 1. c. 4. shews , that many before Erat in Cardinalium caetu , Nicolaus Archiepiscopus Capuanus omnis emendationis impatiens , ac inter alia dicebat , fore alioquin , ut Lutherani jacteut quasi ab ipsis propemodum adacti illud fecerunt . Sleid. C●mment . l. 12. Petrus de Aliaco wrote an excellent Tract De Reformatione Ecclesiae , and offered it to the Councell of Constance . The first consideration is , how to reform the body of the Church , for that , let often Generall Councels be celebrated and other directions he gives . 2. To reform the Head , that is , the State of the Pope , and the Court of Rome , and shews means for that . 3. To reform the principall parts of the Church , viz. the Prelates , and gives directions for that . 4. To reform about Religion and religious persons , and he prescribes rules for that . 5. To reform the other Ecclesiasticall persons . 6. To reform the Christian Lay-people . Vide Wolfii Lect. Memorab . Centen. 15. Luthers time confessed that the Doctrine of the Church of Rome was corrupt and needed Reformation , and some that were his contemporaries , and also after him , did the like .

One saith the Papists Liturgies are full of Idolatry and blasphemies , their Legends full of lies , their Ceremonies of superstition .

Cardinall Mattheo Langî , Archbishop of Salzburg , told every one , that the reformation of the Mass was honest , the liberty of meats convenient , and the demand just to be disburthened of so many Commandments of men , but that a poor Monk should reform all , was not to be endured . And Cornelius Scoperus the Emperours Secretary , said , that if the Protestant Preachers had money , they would easily buy of the Italians what Religion pleased them best , but without gold it was impossible to make theirs shine in the world . Hist. of the Counc . of Trent , l. 1. pag. 55.

The Pope in the beginning of the Councell of Trent , being desired to make a Reformation to please the Lutherans , No saith he , it is in vain , a whole Reformation will undo the Church , and a half Reformation will not gratifie the Lutherans , therefore it is better to imbitter both the parties .

In the vacancies of the Sea of Rome the Cardinals use to compose certain capitulations to reform the Papall Government , which all swear to perform , if they shall be assumed to the Popedom , though it appear by all precedent examples , that every one sweareth with a minde not to keep them in case he shall be Pope . For so soon as he is elected , he saith he could not bind himself , and that he is at liberty by gaining the Papacy . History of the Councel of Trent , l. 1. p. 71.

The Cardinals chosen by Pope Paul * * ●onsilium De lectorum Cardinalium & Ali orum P●clatorū de emendanda Ecclesia● . D. N. Papae Paulo tertio ipso jubente conscriptum & exhibitum Au. 1538. Libellus verè aureus . Ante annos 70 in Concilio Tridentino primum editus : deinde Romani Antichristi tyranni co●ussa injustè suppressus . Nunc autem ab interitu vindicatus & de●uo recusus ex Bibliotheca W. Crashaw in Theol Baccal . & verbi Divini apud Temp. praedic . Audiant Papistae ( inquit ille in Epist. Dedicat. Tobiae Matthaeo ) quid de hoc novem vira●i concilio non Calvinus , non Lutherus , non V●rgerius , non Bucerus ( nostri ) non Sleidanus in suis Commentariis , sed E●pencaeus Papista , Sorbonista , & Episcopus , & inter doctissimos & integerrimos , melioris netae ( uti etiam Papa Paulus quartus Cardinalatum obtulit . ) Sic ille . Tot annis omnium votis expectatum concilium Paulus tertius indixit , delectis primum novem viris doctissimis & gravissimis , qui ab eo jussi Ecclesiae scandala corrigere , qui primum non celaverant ejus sanctitatem hodiernorum malorum inde principium fuisse , quod praedecessorum suorum nonnulli prurientes auribus , &c. Lectori . Si istius novem-viralis Concilii Uberius & luculentius testimonium quis requirat is sciat quod libellus iste ad verbum extai in Tom. 3. Concil edit. per crab . editionis Colon. 1551. ut in omnibus aliis editionibus pontificiorum furto & fraude defideratur . Gasper Card. Contarenus . Ioh. Petrus Card. Theatinus . Postea P. Paulus quartus . Iacobus Cardinalis Sadoletus Reginaldus Card. Anglicus cognomento Polus . Fredericus Arch. Salervitanus . Hieronymus Brandusinus . Iob. Matthaeus Episcopus Veronensis Georgius Abbas sancti Georgii Ven. & srater Thomas Magister sacri Palatii . Vide Gerh ▪ Confess . Cath. l. 1. General . part. 1. c. 4. the third , to consider of the State of the Church , made report that there were many corruptions in it , ( 31 abuses ) especially in the manners of Bishops and Clergymen . That the Bishops were idle ; did not instruct the people , nor feed the Flock , nor look to the Lords Vineyard : that they lived in Princes Courts , and kept not home . That the Cardinals had sometimes three , sometimes four Bishops in Commendam , not without great prejudice to the Church , for that those Offices are not compatible , or to be held together . That the Covents ought to be clean banished out of the Church . B. Iewels Epistle concerning the Councell of Tren●t

In the midst of Popery God had his people , which holding the foundation rejected Semper fuerunt in Germania qui 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 Papatus & agnoverunt & taxarunt . Multi primatum Pontificis , clerifastum , avaritiam ac libidines detestati sunt ▪ multi idolum missae oppugnarunt . Multi & rectè & piè de gratuita hominis peccatoris coram Deo justificatione , de invocatione , de sacramentis , & aliis religionis capitibus docuerunt : multi reformationem unicè in votis habuerunt . Melchior . Adam ▪ in Vita Gobelini . their errours , and out of Babylonish darkness he brought many to the sight of the truth , as Waldo , Wickliff , Luther , Zuinglius .

God stirred up in severall ages some publick and constant Confessors of the Faith , which publickly set themselves against Popery , some of which resisting it even unto blood , had the Crown of Martyrdom . Those Confessors may be distributed into three Classes or ranks . The first comprehends the whole Churches , the Waldenses and the Greek Church . The other comprehends the Emperours and Kings which opposed themselves to the Papall Tyranny . The third the Doctors and Martyrs , which taxed the errours and abuses brought into the Church .

Bellarmine , Bozius , Cocceius , Costerus and others , have written many things of the Marks or Signes of a Church : Costerus reckons three , Cocceius five , Bellarmine fifteen , Bozius a hundred : Some assign more , some fewer Marks , but all greatly glory of the holiness of the Roman Church , as a speciall and infallible note : If the question be of the Roman Church , they answer , It is One , Holy , Catholicall , Apostolicall : If of the Papall Sea , The Holy , Apostolicall Sea : If of the Pope of Rome , The most Holy Father ; If they speak to him , Your Holiness : Oh quam sancta omnia ?

But whether we understand of holiness of Doctrine , or holiness of Life , how little holiness is to be found amongst them ?

What holiness of Doctrine is there in that Tenet , to hold that Priests may not marry . See Heb. 13. 4.

What holiness of life there is amongst them , their Stews , and their dissolute courses shew .

The nine choice persons elected by Paul the third , to reform their Church , complain of the Stews * * In hac etiam urbe meretrices ut matronae incedunt per urbem , seu mula vehuntur , quas assectantur de media die nobiles familiares Cardinales clericique , nulla in urbe vidimus hanc corruptionem praeterquam in hac omnium exemplari , habitant etiam insignes ●des ▪ corrigendus hic etiam turpis abusus . ,

Roma vale , vidi , satis est vidisse , revertar , Cum leno , aut meretrix , Scurra , Cinaedus ero . Vivere qui sancte cupitis , discedite Româ , Omnia cùm liceant , non licet esse pium . Mantuan .

How dissolute and prodigiously wicked many of the Popes have been , the Popish They teach , that Priests offend less , if they whore , then if they marry . Iohn Casa Archbishop of Beneventum , the Popes Legate at Venice , wrote in the commendation of a most abominable filthiness , and set forth with wicked eloquence that sinne which ought not to be named scarce among Christians . Tantae sunt puritatis & castitatis , ut in templo etiam publico Iesuita non ausit , sibi suaeve carni confidere , ut solus mulieris excipiat confessionem Hasenmulleri Historia Iesuitici ordinis , cap. 6. Vide plura ibid. Writers themselves mention .

How unclean and Sodomiticall many of their Cardinals were , we have evident Testimony . See the Scarlet Gown , or the History of all the present Cardinals at Rome .

How desperate the life and death of many Jesuites hath been , who have against their own consciences opposed the truth : Elias Hasenmullerus in his Historia ordinis Iesuitici reports , who relates many examples to that purpose seen and heard by himself . See Chap. 4 , & 5. of their publick and private life . Chap. 11. of their death . Of their filthy Monks and Votaries , Bale hath written two parts .

For their worshipping of Reliques , what a fond thing is that ? When many of Audivi ego factum , quod mulier quaedam Diabolo incitante , Deoque volente ut illud eret ejusmodi superstitionis quendam satuum cultorem , pubem suam totondit , & illi porrexit , sua●ens , quod essent capilli . ● . Catharinae ; trans mare advecti , credidit ille cuculus , & pro reliqutis osculandos praebuit & venerandos & ecce quid sit ? caepit etiam miracula operari pubes illa turpitudinis . Lutherns in novum praeceptum . , Hodiernae reliquiae maxima ex parte aut in certae fidei sunt , aut palam supposititiae & falsae . Casaub. Exercit. 16. ad annal. Eccles. Baron . Multos etiam Pontificii Sanctos venerantur , qui nunquam vel vixerunt , vel in rerum natura suerunt , ut Georgium , Christophorum , Katharinam . Usitatum fuit in ipso etiam Papatu dictum . Multorum reliquias Cali interris , quorum animae ardeant in inferno . Chemnit. exam. Concil. Trident. their Saints are but supposed , and their Reliques also . To worship the supposed Relique of a supposed Saint .

Calvin an eye-witness , testifieth , that when Genevah received the Doctrine of the Gospel , the Reliques were visited by the authority of the Magistrate , and it was found that what they had adored till then , as if it had been the brain of Peter , was a Pumice stone ; and what they had beleeved to be St Anthony's arm , was the sinew of a Hart or Stag.

The parts and parcels of wood kept in Europe , which they say are parts of the Cross whereon Christ died , are so many , that if they were all gathered together , they would load a ship , and yet it was no greater then a man may bear * * Aridum illud lignum crucis adcò fertile factum est , ut ad miraculum usque creverit , adcò ut sepiem , aut etiam plures on●rariae magnae naves vix omnia illius crucis fragmenta capere queant Polani . Orat. de crucis Christi scientia . The milk of the Virgin Mary is so plentifull in many places , that seven of the best Kine in Holland are not able to give so much milk in ten years , saith One.

They shew Iudas his Lanthorn at St Denis in France . At Rome there is kept in St Iohns Church in Lateran , the circumcised foreskin of Christ , and the Altar at which Iohn did say Divine Service in the Wilderness .

See Dr Willet on Exod. 16. Confer . 5. and Dr Halls no Peace with Rome , p. 661.

For the holy Scripture , though Bellarmine * * Lib. 4. de Verbo Dei c. 3. Robertus Stephanus in Respons. ad Censur . Theol. Parisan Praefat. Sorbonico ●uidam Doctori hoc adscribit apophthegma . Mi●or quòd isti juvenes allegant nobis Novum Iestamentum ! Per diem ! ego habebam plus quam quinquaginta annos , quod nesciebam , quid esset novum Testamentum . Iesuita Pietro aliquando dicebat . bibliorum sectio citius haereticum Lutheranum , quam Catholicum Romanum facit . Gerb. ibid. brags , Romanenses pluris facere Scripturam , quam Lutheranos , yet Gerhard in the first Generall book of his Catholick Confession , part. 2. c. 4. shews , that the Papists weaken the Divine Majesty and authority of the Scriptures twelve waies , besides the severall reproaches cast upon it by divers of them , which he there also mentions .

Petrus Fragius Doctor of Divinity made an Oration to the Fathers of the Councell of Trent to assert the authority of the Pope of Rome : He told them God had prayed for Peter , who being after converted , confirmed his brethren in the faith . Si igitur ( said he ) Dominus pro Petro precatus est , cur jam pro Iulio non precabitur . What is Christ more weak or cruell now then he was ? and is Iulius inferiour in dignity and office to Peter himself ? Minime verò vel ipsis crepantibus Antichristis . But thou wilt say , that none was strengthened in the faith by Iulius ? But dost not thou see a remedy prepared , viz. an Oecumenicall Councell . Hic nobis adest Cardinalis Crescens , qui ut Ecclesiae dignitas crescat & recuperetur , efficiet . Gentilet . Exam. Concil. Trid. l. 3. Sess. 12.

For the Lords Supper and the Mass , Peter du Moulin in his Anatomy de la Messe , Gomarus Disputat. 38. mentions 34 repugnancies of the Lords Sup●er and the Ma●s . Vide Gomari Anticosterum l. 1. c. 15. & Disputat . 21. & 24. a●d of the difference between the Apostle Peter and the Pope . Disput. 22. Apoc. 17. 6. The Papacy came not to the full height untill the times of Hildebrand , which was above a thousand years after Christ , when the Pope had gotten temporall supremacy , and so both the swords . B. Down . Def. of his Sermon , l. 3. c. 6. l. 1. chap. 2. reckons up thirty four contrarieties between them . How the Papists transgress against both Law and Gospel , breaking every Commandement , and violating every article of the Creed , and both the Sacraments .

The Papists have used both violent and fraudulent means to propagate their Religion .

1. Violent , as the Spanish Inquisition , the Irish Immanity , the Gunpowder plot in England shew . They teach that hereticks are to be extirpated with fire and sword .

Thuanus Hist. tom. 5. parte secunda p. 135. fully relates the Gunpowder Treason , and begins thus , Nunc horrendam & ab omnibus aeque damnatam conjurationem contra magnae Britanniae Regem vitam continua narratione exequemur .

They use fraudulent means , they make use of spurious writings , defend equivocation , They have many fabulous books . they shelter themselves with false Miracles , Legends , Relicks .

That Massacre of Paris was very cruel , but ushered in with pretences of great The conformities of St Francis , the Legends of Saints , the Popes Decretals . love and friendship ,

There are three maxims ( saith Peter du Moulin ) which are the pillars of Popery .

The first of which is , That the Church of Rome cannot erre .

The second , That the Pope and the Church of Rome are not subject to the holy Scripture , but have more Authority then it . Anatomie De La messe Par Pierre Du Moulin . l. 1. c ▪ 9.

The third , That the Pope and Church of Rome have power to change the Commandments of God , and to make new Articles of Faith .

Dr Ereston ( as I remember ) reduceth all to these two heads :

1. That the true Church cannot erre . 2. That the Church of Rome is that true Church .

Peter du Moulin in his Anatomie De La messe l. 4. Chap. 5. shews when England received the Orders of Rome , Chap. 7. when Popery was brought into France , and Chap. 8. when it was brought into Spain .

What opinion was there heretofore of Monkery ?

What esteem have the Papists of it still ? This is one of the Prerogatives of the Ita enim tunc hominibus persuasum erat : Monachatum aequipollere Baptismo : esse statum perfectionis : statuta & regulas Monasticas verbo Dei multis parasangis ante ire : habitum Monasticum sanctitate praestare aliis vestibus : Et qui in cucullo fepeliatur , eum remissionem tertiae partis peccatorum suorum consequi : ac hujusmodi sexcenta alia . Me●ch . Adam . in vita Fridmyconii . Order of St Francis and St Dominick , that the habit of St Francis or St Dominick is worthy a second Baptism , and that by this habit all the former sins are blotted out . Whence it came , that many Princes and Persons of quality in mortal diseases , have put on the habit of St Francis , that they might blot out all their sins .

Learned Rudolphus Agrîcola dying at Heidelberg was buried in a Fraciscans habit by the Minorites , as he commanded .

Campians brag in his third reason , Ad Patres si quando licebit accedere ; confectum est praelium , tam sunt nostri , quam Gregorius ipse Decimus tertius , filiorum Ecclesiae Pater amantissimus , is succinctly and pithily answered by our learned Whitaker , Quem nos filiorum Ecclesiae hostem capitalem & furiosum esse novimus , eum tu Patrem vocas amantissimum , & quam hoc verum est , tam illud esse verum concludis . Fateor ambo , quam illud , utrumque enim falsissimum .

CHAP. VI. Of the Reformed Religion .

THe people of God which are called and come out of Babylon need not a Des le regne d● Roy Henry , La Religion auoit commencè d● poindre , qui par ses Sectateurs fut appelle● Reformee , comme celle qu ils disoient avoir reforme les abus de nostre eglise , & par les autres plus retenus en anciennetè , opinion novelle Pasquier Des Recherehes de la France , l. 8. ch. 25. Vera Christi Ecclesia semper fuit etiam in Papatu , inter diras meretricis Babylonicae tempestates : perinde ut in Veteri Testamento fuit verus Israel in mediis Baaliticis cultibus inter tyrannicas idololatricorum regum persecutionos . Melch. Adam . in vita Gobelini . Fundamentum retinuisse semper aliquos , in regno Pontificiarum & restitisse erroribus , atque Idololatriae paulatim invectae , declarant scripta , quae extant , Augustini & discipulorum ejus ac sectatorum , Prosperi , Fulgentii , Vigilii , Martyris , Rustici , Diaconi , Bedae , & qui tempora Caroli magni secuti sunt , Rabani Mauri , Be●trami , Pascasii , Falberti , Berengarii , Fulberti Discipuli , qui omnes dolo consecrati panis , & propiciatorio Sacrificio missaese opposuerunt . Gasp. Penc . de Divinat . generibus , p. 211. Vide plura ibid. Et Gerhard . Confess . Cathol. l. 1. General . l. 1. par. 1. c. 4. new plantation of a Church , but a Reformation only . In which respect the term of the Reformed Churches is very fit and godly , and the proceeding accordingly . Whereas the course of the Anabaptists , and all such as either begin all anew , or averre such Assertions as do necessarily imply it , is not only preposterous , but exceeding sinfull and erroneous . Iohnsons Christian Plea , pag. 137.

Gerhard in his Catholick Confession , lib. 1. General . part. 1. cap. 4. saith , That Luther in his work of Reformation , Non fuisse novi alicujus dogmatis inventorem , sed antiquae fidei assertorem ; nec fuisse novae Ecclesiae autorem , sed pristinae repurgatorem . Junius noster dicere solebat , Papistas ita in fundamentis errare , ut à fundamentis non aberrarent ▪ cui ego plane assentio●● Walaei Epistolae Antonio Walaeo Hugo Grotio .

Gerhard in his first General Book of his Catholick Confession , chap. 6. speaks of Luther the instrument of Reformation , and chap. 7. of the occasion of Reformation , the immoderate extolling of the Popes indulgences , and the excessive gain of those that vented them .

The Prophet Zachary saith , The man whose name is the Branch , he shall build the Temple of the Lord : Because , 1. The Temple is Christs house , Matth. 16. 18. Heb. 3. 6. 2. Christ hath undertaken this work .

This appears in the work of Reformation , because they which were the chief Id eo magis commemorabile est , quod Zuinglius , & Lutherus , & Calvinus qui fuerūt in Reformatione prineipes , consilia inter se non communecarum . Zuinglius enim viam ad Reformationem in Helvetia affect averat anno integro ante quā Lutherus in Germania appareret . At conatus illius fama ad Lutherum non manaverat , & quum primum adversus Indulgentias praedicare incoepit , quid rerum istarum Tiguri gereretur penitas ignorabat . Calvinus utroque paulo junior , & exortus cum utriusque fama jam in Europa pererebuerat , non potuit quin de alterutro , vel de utroque aliquid inaudisset , antequam Pontificis Romani auctoritatem in Gallia convellere adoriretur . Neque vero negavit unquam quin signum ab aliis sublatum , & procul à se conspectum secutu● sit . Amyrald de Secess . ab Eccles. Rom p. 44 , 45. Anno 1553. 6. Julii ex hac vita migravit Edvar●us Angliae Rex , adhuc juvenis , Henrici octavi unicus filius , pius doctus , & optimae spei princeps . Hic patris sui inceptum ac confilium delendi nimiam Pontificis Romam in Anglia auctoritatem , sedulo peregit , Religionisque statum , patriciorum & Senatorum Regni maximè autem sui avunculi , Ducis Somerse●i , Confilio reformavit , viros doctos , è media Germania evocabat inter alios Joannem Bucerum , Petrum Martyrem , Joannem Alasco , Emanuelem Tremelium , in quorum gratiam Belgis , Ga●●is , Italic propter Religione profugis , Templum Londini quod fuerat Sancti Augustini donavit , ut lingua patria profiteri poss●nt reformatam Religionem . Meteranus de rebus Belgicis . l. 1. Ante centum annos , reformationis novae opus aggressurus Christus non purpuratum aliquem praesulem , neque nominis fama florentissimos adhibuit Cardinales , sed Martinum Lutherum Monac●um : Augustinianum , ●hi●ippum Melancthonem , Graecae Linguae , in Accademia Wittebergensi , Professorem , & duos infimi subs●ll●i sacrificulos , Huldricum Zuinglium , & Joannem Oecolampadium , suscitavit . Sculteti Concio Secularis de Evangelii Doctrina . Ubi legisset Albertus Cran●zius Theses Lutheri , dixit : Se quidem eas approbare , sed tamen metuere ne taentis conatibus impar , à potente Papa supprimatur : Ideoque de Luthero ait , ô frater , abi in cellam tuam , & dic Domine miserere mei . Wolf . Lect. memorab . Tom. 10. Cent. 115. Reformers did not communicate their counsels to one another ; and likewise if we consider the instruments , by Luther a Monk , and other mean men in Germany , and by Edward the 6th a childe in England , and by a woman Q. Elizabeth , that such a glorious work should be effected .

Also if we observe how our cause from the beginning against the will , of Emperours , and many Kings , maugre the malice of Popes , hath taken increase , and by little and little spread into all Countreys .

Quibus armis obsecro vos intra annos 58. plus minus , expug●atum ferè est Antichristi regnum in tota prope Europa : Regnum ver● Christi longè lateque propagatum per homines imbecilles atque inermes , per Lutherum cum suis in Germania , per Zuinglium in Helvetia , per Calvinum in Galliis , perque alios , aliis in locis , nisi vi verbi & Spiritus Sanctus , qui in ipsis locutus est , suasque exeruit vires , adversus omnem mundi , & Satanae potestatem ? Zanch. Orat.

The Church of Rome was so unsound in Doctrine , and corrupt in worship , that Cùm Deus initio Lutherum , & alios excitavit , qui nobis facem ad reperiendam salutis viam praetulerunt : & quorum Ministerio fundatae sunt , & institutae nostrae Ecclesiae , dicimus ea doctrinae capita , quibus Religionis nostrae veritas , quibus purus & legitimus Dei cultus , quibus salus hominum continetur fuisse propemodum abolita : Dicimus Sacramentorum usum multis modis fuisse vitiatum & pollutum : dicimus Ecclesiae gubernationem in speciem soedae & non serendae tyrannidis fuisse conversam . Calvinus de necessitate Reformande Ecclesiae , Nulla est major inter nos concertatio , & in qua nobis pertinacius reclament adversarii nostri , quam de justificatione : fide ne an operibus eam consequamur . Nullo modo patiuntur hunc Christo honorem tribui , ut justitia nostra vocetur , nisi in partem simul veniant operam merita . Non disceptamus hic de bonis operibus , an praestari à piis debeant , an accepta sint Deo , an mercedem apud eum habeant : sed an concilient nos Deo sua dignitate , an aecquiramus eorum pretio vitam aeternam , an compensationes sint quae ad collendum reatum Dei judicio solvantur , an collocanda sit in ipsis salutis fiducia . Id. ibid. it was no schism but a duty then to separate from it .

The means taken by the first Reformers for promoting the work of Reformation of Religion .

1. They searched diligently into the Word of God , and so discovered the errours They are fitly therefore called Evangelici , from their great respect to the Gospel , and the whole Scripture . of Popery . Their care was after to translate the Bible into vulgar languages , and to interpret it to the people , and illustrate it with ample Comments .

2. They were carefull to educate children in the Principles of Christian Religion and Piety . It is a piece of Luthers counsel , if ever you would have a good Reformation look to the Reformation of children .

3. They were ready to dispute with their Adversaries in all places , and speedily to reply to their writings .

Nonne tot disputationes Witembergenses , Ratisbonienses , Augustanae , Spirenses , Wormatienses , Bernenses , Posliacenae , Londinenses , Cantabrigienses , Oxonienses testes esse possunt locupletissimae : quo animo , qua doctrina , qua veritate causam Religionis nostrae propugnaverimus . Whitakeri ad Rat. primam Camp. Respons .

Chamier hath answered the Papists generally in his learned Panstratia Catholica .

Bellarmine is well answered by Iunius , Ames , Whitaker .

The Rhemist Testament and the Notes are well confuted by Cartwright and Fulk .

Casaubone hath written learned Exercitations against Baronius .

Bishop Morton , Doctor Fulk and Whitaker have answered the Treatises of several Papists .

Rivet and Blondel and Moulin have answered Cardinal Peroon .

Bishop Usher , Bishop Andrews , Bishop Abbot , Doctor Prideaux , and others of our Divines , have stoutly opposed other Papists .

The Reformed Religion is well defended by the English and French Divines . Some much commend three Epistles , that Epistle or Preface of Calvins to his Institutions : That of Casaubons to his Exercitations against Baronius ; and that of Thuanus or Guicchardine before his History . That of Calvins is a succinct and pithy Apology for the Protestant Religion .

I●els Apology was generally liked by the Reformed Churches .

Daillè , Croyus , Blondel , Iacobus Capellus , Amyrot , and Gentilettus , have written in French or Latine in Defence of the Reformed Religion .

4. They diligently compiled the Histories of those times and actions , and especially Martyrologies of such as rendred by their deaths a testimony to that truth which was persecuted in them . Quod verò veterum doctrinam ita extollis , ut nostri temporis homines , neque pietate , neque eruditione cum ipsorum minimo conferendos esse censeas , id minimè serendum est . Nam quamvis nostrae tenuitatis conscii , id de nobis meritò possimus ac debeamus fateri , de multis tamen id , siue magna in Deum ingratitudine , & in homines injustitia dici non potest . Quamvis enim Patres antiqui sua habuerint ad eruditionem subsidia , duobus tamen maximè necessariis ad solidiorem sacrarum literarum notitiam comparandam adjumentis , librorum copia & liuguarum doctoribus , caruerunt . Nam primum quum Cyprianus , Hieronymus , Augustinus ad scribendum accederent , pauca de Christiana Religione quibus uterentur , extabant , & ob descriptionis difficultatem rara & cara erant exemplaria : Nestrum verò seculum eò feliciùs est , quod plurima etiam ab illis Patribus caterisque paulatim sint conscripta , & typographiae ( olim ignotae ) beneficio , magna copia & tolerabili pretio comparentur : Adeò ut quae longo tempore & maximo labore à veteribus indagata sunt , ea cito ac facilè ex scriptis eorum possint addisci . Deinde verò quam pauci ex Latinis Patribus ullam Graecas ●inguae notitiam habuerunt , quam rari ex omnibus Patribus Hebraeae Linguae fuerunt pariti ? quam pauca ( ob librorum & fidelium praeceptorum inopiam ) ad eam rem habuerunt auxilia , ex variis S. Hieronymis testimoniis apparet . Atque hinc factum est , ut à genuina Spiritus sancti sententia longius , praesertim in Veteri Testamento , faepius aberrarint . Nostris verò temporibus , Hebraei Graecique codices sunt in numers & linguarum periti professor●● non pauci quorum beneficio ita sacrae literae illustratae sunt , ut quàm plurima , quae Patrum memoria erant obscura , luce clarius videantur . Gomari . Anti. Costerus , l. 2. c. 8.

As we ought highly to reverence the Fathers for their Antiquity , so in our times we owe much respect to many famous Writers , because by their most learned Labours they have given great light to the right understanding of the holy Scripture . We have the same instruments which they had , viz. the holy Scriptures , and far greater help .

Zuinglius , Luther , Calvin , all those learned men are to be loved and highly honoured , as those that have well deserved of the Church ; their Books are also to be diligently read , and to be preferred before the Volumes of many of the Fathers , as those which have more truly interpreted the minde of the holy Ghost then the Fathers , which have illustrated the Christian Doctrine brought out of darknesse with wonderfull perspicuity , have comprized it with wonderfull brevity , and explained it in an excellent method . Zanch. Prolegom . in Esaiam .

Illustres illi viri , nec unquam sine summa honoris praefatione nominandi , quorum Ep. Andr. Opusc. post de decimis . Some much approve of the Articles of Religion for Ireland . De reformationis Genevens●s bistorica occasione . Vide Veidelii Epist. Dedica . ad Commentarium De Tempore utriusque Episcopatus S. Apostoli Petri. Deus in religione restauranda , opera usus est .

Upon the view of the Doctrine of the Church of England , compiled by them in the XXXIX Articles , translated into Latine in the dayes of King Edward the 6th , and sent abroad into the whole Christian world , it was said abroad , Puritas doctrinae viget in Anglia .

For the first ten years of Queen Elizabeth , most of the Papists of England came to our Churches , prayed our prayers , heard our Sermons , and received our Sacraments , untill by the instigation of the Jesuites , Pope Pius Quintus excommunicated Queen Elizabeth , and enjoyned all the Papists not to resort to our Churches . So they did in Ireland till 88 , some Spanish Priests then landing there , told them ▪ it was condemned in the Councel of Trent .

This is that Religion which ( since the first Reformation of it , Anno 1. Edw. 6. ) above one and twenty several Sessions of Parliament , as learned , as wise , as religious as ever were in this Kingdom , have allowed and approved . The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland approveth the Assemblies Confession of faith for orthodox .

Mr Baxter in his Confession of Faith , Sect. 41. saith thus of the late Assembly of Divines at Westminster ; I so highly reverence that Assembly , that I think this Nation since the Apostles dayes , had never any that excelled it for Piety and Ability : and Sect. 3. he much magnifies both the Confession of Faith , and the Shorter Catechism put out by the Assembly . I truly professe ( saith he , Sect. 5. ) I take the Labours of the Assembly , especially these three Pieces ( the Confession of Faith , the larger and lesser Catechism ) for the best Books , next my Bible , in my study .

What Kingdom in Europe is there which hath not yielded eminent Scholars , and famous Martyrs of the Reformed Religion .

France had Calvin , Farel , Viret , Sadeel , Daneus , Marlorate , Beza , Mornee , Chamier , Rivet , Peter du Moulin , Daillè , and many others .

Italy brought forth and cast out ( because it was unworthy of them ) Peter Martyr , Vide Pezel . Mellef . Histor. par. 3. pag. 438 , 439 , 440. de progressu Evangelii in Europa , & Sculteti concionem secularem De Evangelii Doctrina . Zanchy , also Immanuel Tremelius , and Deodate .

Spain had Iohn Diaz , Austen Cacalla , and also other Martyrs .

Germany had Luther , Melancthon , Ioachim Camerarius and Chemnitius , Zuinglius , Oecolampadius , Martin Bucer , Wolfangus Capito , Caspar Hedio , Musculus , Hyperius , Foster , Avenarius , Mollerus , Pezelius .

Helvetiae had Bullinger , Gualter , Pellicane , Leo Iudae , Aretius , Wolfius , Simler , Bibliander , Stuckius .

England was fruitfull of Martyrs and great Scholars , Barns , Rogers , Cranmer , Latimer , Ridlie , Hooper , Philpot , Haux , Bradford , Iuel , Rainolds , Whitaker , Fulk , Perkins , Morton , Davenant , Twisse , Prideaux , and divers others .

Denmark brought forth Palladius , Hemmingius , and many others .

Polonia brought forth Iohannes à Lasco . Servavit te huc usque Deus , ut sicut Se●om is la●● P●lo●orum Rex , filium habuit c●cum qui die quodam cum visum gratiâ divina reciperet , Rex ab a●iolis , quid hoc sibi vollet , sciscitatus est ; cui responderunt : sicut hic filius tuu● gratia Deorum est illuminatus , sic per cum Polonia brevi illuminabitur : quod & paulò post per lucem Evangelii factum fuit . Miesco enim coec●s mortuo patre baptizatus , & Christianus factus , ad veram Dei agnitionem pervenit , & idola omnia è Templis ejecit . Hic Rex pius instituit , ut dum Evangelium praelegitur , singuli virorum gladiis ad medium è vaginis depromtis testar●ntur , se propter Evangelium Christi ad mortem usque decertare paratos esse . Wolfii Lect. memor . Cent. 10. Lutherus suae Germanias , Zuinglius suae Helvetiae , Calvinus suae Galliae , ita tu tuae Poloniae sis Apostolus . Zanch. Epist. l 2. ad illum .

Scotland was made famous by the Martyrdom of Patrick Hamilton , and by the Doctrine of Iohn Knox , and Robert Rollock , Andrew Melvin , Cameron , Baronius , Forbes .

This may suffice to answer that calumny of the Jesuites , as if the Protestants had no Scholars amongst them .

The Papists call us Hereticks : This was ever an old and cunning trick of Papists , and their fore ▪ fathers , if any did complain of their errours and faults , and desired to have true Religion restored , to condemn such for Hereticks , as men new-fangled Bellarmin . lib. 4. de notis Eccl. cap. 4. and factious .

They reproachfully nick-name us Lutherans , Zuinglians , Calvinists , whereas we maintain not any private or proper Doctrine of theirs . They called us in England Nos inter haereticos reponit , & dicit nos vocari Martinistas , Lutheranos , Zuinglianos , Calvinianos . Nos autem , inquit , ab aliquo certo homine nemo unquam vocavit . Notoriam injuriam nobis facit . Scit Lutherum quosvi● graviter obtestatum esse ne suum usurparent nomen . Scit ne●iuem unquam se Calvinianum aut Zuinglianum voeasse , atque corum imbecillitatem improbari , qui hoc nomine gaudent . Vedel . exercit . in Epist. Ignat. ad Magnefios , c. 10. Iudaei Romae vivunt summa libertate , & Christum impunè vocant Impostorem & planum : hoc enim est inter capita Iudaicae Religionis . At si quis sacram Scripturam lingua vernacula legere ausus sit , aut aliquid mutire contra Purgatorium aut ca●ponationem Indulgentiarum , statim ut piacularis victima destinatur ignibus & inquisitorum judicio exquisitimis cruciatibus necatur . Molin . de Monach. temp. Pont. Rom. c. 7. heretofore Lollards , either because they cried Lord , Lord unto their God , as Mr Fox saith in his Acts and Monuments , or rather from Lolium ▪ which signifies Cockle , and such like weeds , whereas indeed they endeavoured to extirpate all pernicious weeds : And them in France Huguenots , of which term , see Thuanus his History , Tom. 4. lib. 24. and Pasquiers Recherches de la France . l. 8. c. 55.

I will not rehearse the several opinions about the original of that word , because Heraldus a learned Frenchman saith , Unde Huguenoti appellati fuerint , nec nos ad . huc satis liquido scimus . Animad. ad Arnob. adversus Gentes , l. 1. As the Jews were in times past called by the Gentiles Sabbatarians in contempt ; the Christians Galileans by Iulian the Apostata , so now they which imbrace truth of Doctrine , began to be called Huguenots .

They term us those of the pretended Reformed Religion , whereas it is truly Reformed according to the word of God .

They acknowledge themselves to be Papists , and from the Pope , and glory in the title .

Luther saith , Primum oro ut nomen meum taceatur , & nemo Lutheranus sed Christianus appelletur .

They suffer Turks and Iews which deny and persecute Christ , but put to death those of the Reformed Religion who believe in Christ .

They say , that the Heathens ( which had no knowledge of Christ ) by their morality may be saved , and yet deny that Protestants , who have a knowledge of Christ , and exceed them in their morality , may be saved .

Marcus Antonius de Dominis Arch-bishop of Spalato said in the hearing of some of our Bishops , Before God , and Christ Jesus my Redeemer , I will acknowledge from my heart , and professe openly , That the Church of England is a true and orthodoxal Church of Christ . His shiftings in Religion .

The Papists urge two things much against the Reformed Religion :

1. Our divisions and differences amongst our selves , as Fitz Simons in his Britannomachia ministrorum , in plerisque Fidei fundamentis , & Articulis dissidentium .

Secondly , The Novelty of our Religion , as if it were no ancienter then Luther .

To the first , I might answer with Zanchy * * Epist. lib. 1. ad Dudith . Ausim equidem affirmare nullam esse tantam inter Evangelicos in Doctrina de gratia & pradestinatione dissensionem quam esse inter Iesuitas & Pr●de . terminantes , quorum nunc Jansenius Antesignanas esse videtur . Amyrald . de Successione ab Eccles. Rom. pag. 41. Mox dissidium aliud inter Evangelic●s ortum est , nonidem omnibus de coena Domini sentientibus . Zuinglius enim Tiguri substantialem corporis Christi in coena Domini pr●sentiam negavit ; quam Brentius cum Luthero & aliis adservit . Duravit id certamen magno cum scandalo doctrinae annis aliquot : Ac ●escio , an ulla res alia , magis causae obfuerit , cursumque doctrinae c●lestis impedierit ; quam odiosum hoc à Satana excitatum bellum Sacramentarium : quod omnes pii doluerunt plurimum , & tollere atque componere studuerunt . Melch. Adam . in vita Brentii . , That this is rather an Argument that we are the true Churches of Christ . For there are ( saith he ) three kindes of Churches ,

1. Where God onely reigns without contradiction : This is the Triumphant Church in Heaven . 2. Where Satan only reigns : This is the Church of the wicked and Idolaters , such are the Turkish , Jewish , Popish Churches . 3. Where God truly reigns , but not without the snares and assaults of Satan . This is the true Church of Christ , which is called Militant . This alwayes fights with the flesh , the world , Hereticks , and the Devil .

The Confessions of Faith of the Churches professing the Gospel , having been long ago exhibited to the several Princes of the Countreys , States and Kingdoms , where these Churches are , are now of late very profitably published , to the conviction of all such as slander the Reformed Churches to be variably distracted and rent in sunder with infinite differences of Faith . Travers answer to a Popish Treatise written to the LL. of the Councel .

Amyraldus de Secessione ab Ecclesia Romana , pag. 67. saith , The chief controversies inter Evangelicos ; may be reduced to four heads ,

1. Concerning the Nature of the Sacraments . 2. About the Person of Christ , and the Properies of both Natures in it . Lavater hath written an History , De ortu & progressu controversiae Sacramentariae . See also his 3d d Decad of Ep. epist. 6. he saith in that Epistle , There is not one point in all Divinity ( except those wherein we accord with them ) wherein they all speak the same . 3. How the Doctrine of Predestination is to be explained . 4. What is to be held concerning the Providence of God , especially as it is conversant about the ill actions of the reasonable creature , and shews there also how far yet they agree in all these .

Dr Hall in his Peace of Rome , shews , That Bellarmine acknowledgeth and numbers up above three hundred differences of opinions maintained in the Popish Church , and that Navarre confesseth near threescore differences amongst their own Doctors in one only point of their Religion .

There are many Sects risen since the Gospel was first published , but none are so guilty of division as the Papists , though they extoll their own Church for Unity . They unchurch all the Churches of Christ through the world besides themselves , the Greek Church and divers others . What a State were all former ages in before the Popes Supremacy was acknowledged ? The pure and primitive times . The reading of the Scriptures in the vulgar tongue is condemned amongst them as a capital crime in Spain and Italy , but allowed in England and France .

Albertus Pighius dissents from Cajetane , Thomas from Lombard , Scotus from Thomas , Occam from Scotus , Alliacensis from Occam . Their nominals disagree from their reals .

What difference is there between the Franciscans and Dominicans concerning original sinne in the blessed Virgin . What difference among the Jesuites and other Cardinalis Cameracensis , Gerson , Al●ain , Cusanus , Panormitanus , Cardinalis Florentinus , Abalensie , & alii dicu●t . Cathol. Concilium esse supra Papam . Gerhard . Confes. lib. 1. General . part. 2. cap. 3. & 10. Papists , concerning Councels being above the Pope . The Jesuites hold , that the Pope is above a Councel . Bellarmine confesseth lib. 2. de Concil. cap. 17. parag. 1. that Proposition , That the Pope is absolutely above a Councel , is not simply de fide , and those are not Hereticks properly who hold the contrary .

The Pope in two Councels ( those of Constance and Basil ) was declared to be inferiour to a Councel .

2. For the other Objection , of the Novelty of our Religion , as if it were no Ubi suerit Ecelesia ante Lutherum ? in qua orbis regione vel angulo latuerit . ancienter then Luther .

I answer , there are books * * Leunards Luthers Forerunners . Birbecks Protestants Evidence . Quòd novam appellant nostram doctrinam , Deo sunt vehementer injurii , cujus sacrum verbum novitatis insimulari non merebatur . Illis quidem novam esse minime dubito , quibus & Christus novus est , & Evangelium novum : sed qui illam Pauli concionem veterem esse noverunt , Iesum Christum mortuum propter peccata nostra , resurrex●ss● propter Iustificationem nostram , Rom. 4. 25. Nihil apud nos deprehendent notum . Quod diu incognita sepultaque latuit , humanae impietatis crimen est : Nunc quum Dei benignitate nobis redditur , saltem postliminii jure suam antiquitatem recipere debebat , Calv. praefat. ad Instit. Nos novatores non sumus , led vos estis veteratores , said Scaliger . Ac ferme verum est quod quidam magni nominis Theologi prodiderunt , omnia quae verasunt , & quae nos credimus , eadem à Papistis agnosci : sed addi insuper falsa alia , quorum quaedam sunt talia , ut cum primis illis agnitis veris non possi●t consistere unde sequitur , reducta religione ad ea in quae omnes Christianae Ecclesiae omnium temporum consentiunt , collabi Papismum , ut qui conflatus sit ex privatis opinionibus . Wal. Epist. Antonio Walaeo . Hugo Grotius . Peter du Moulix in his Anatomy De la messe . l. 1. ch. 22. & 23. speaks sufficiently to this Objection . written to refute this calumny .

The Waldenses for divers hundred years before Luther successively opposed Popery , professed the truth of the Gospel , and sealed it with their bloud .

Campian in his third reason cals them Majores nostros . Vide Gerhard . Epist. Ded. ad Confess . Cathol.

Illyricus in his Catalogus Testium veritatis , and Wolfius in his Lectiones Memorabiles , & Reconditae . And Gerhard in his Confessio Catholica sufficiently refute this Objection .

Errours often lie hid under the venerable Cloak of ancient custom , Matth. 5. 21 , 27 , 31 , 33 , 38 , 43. But on the contrary sound and orthodox Doctrine is undeservedly taxed with the crime of novelty , Mark 1. 27. Act. 17. 19. therefore judgement is to be made of both by Scripture , Act 17. 11.

Secondly , We may retort this Question on them , Where was your Religion before the Councel of Trent ?

Cardinal Contarenus holding the same with us for substance in point of Justification , and many of those learned and modest men which are reckoned for Papists , groaning under the corruptions of their Church , and desiring a Reformation of many abuses as well as we .

Bishop Iewels challenge of the Papists is commonly known , with which Peter du Nous sommes prests de sabir toute sorte de punition● , si e● cinq ce●● ans apres Iesus Christ , & ( pourrions descendre plusbas ) i● se trouve un soul homme qui ait en une Religion tant soit peu approchante de la Religion Romaine telle qu' elle est auiourhui . Anatomie de la Messe par Pierre du Moulin . l. 1. ch. 22. Moulin also accords .

There is rather a conspiracy amongst the Papists then true union : as on the contrary , the difference amongst us is rather a diversity then a division , in circumstances or things of lesse moment , and among persons rather then generally .

We are reproached beyond Sea for our unsettlement in matters of Religion , and for the diversity of opinions and sects now in the Land .

Some amongst our selves also will be ready to object , That there are so many religions and opinions , that they know not which course to take .

1. Such should therefore take the Scripture onely for the rule of their faith and life . 2. They should study faithfully to know the plain meaning of the Scripture , they should reade it diligently , seek Gods direction , come to it not with forestalled conceits , but with love of the truth . 3. They should resolve to obey what they shall finde upon such diligent inquiry to be the plain minde of God beyond dispute . They should practice what all Christian Sects agree in , they all confesse that God is above the creature , and to be preferred before it , that the pleasures and profits of this world are far short of the glory to come .

CHAP. VII . Of the Syncretisme of Religion , or of a friendly I met with this Question in the Archbishop of Canterburies Manuscript . Catalogue . Reconciliation of the different parties amongst themselves .

THey are Christians which professe Christian Religion , therefore those An hoc tempore gliscentis vel potiùs grassa●tis tyrannidis Pontificiae Syncretismus & coitio fleri inter Ecclesias Evangelicas de Coena Domini dissidentes adversus communem hostem debeat . Disputatio 4 to . Vide Hottonis De Christiana Tolerantia , Tract . Sect. 3. cap. 2. which either know not Christ , as the Pagans , or deny him to be the Saviour of the world , as the Mahometans , or that contemn and blaspheme him , as the Iews , are excluded .

There are several opinions about this matter :

The first is , of those who hold , That whosoever they be who differ about Religion so they be Christians , they may and ought to be reconciled and agree together in an Ecclesiastical Syncretism , so the Socinians , Libertines , Polititians , Machivillians .

The second opinion is of those which denieth that Christians differing in Religion can or ought to be so reconciled . So the Papists , especially the Jesuites , think and teach , requiring a full consent with the Church of Rome , as that which cannot erre , and out of which there is no salvation , and cannot , nor will not bear these which differ . Hence it is a common speech amongst them , there is no other way to agreement , then by the receiving and approving of the Councel of Trent .

Many of those which professe to follow Luther , are of that opinion also , refusing to joyn with those which they reproachfully call Calvinists , unlesse they will receive the Augustane Confession , as it is wont to be explained by them , and the book of Concord .

The third opinion is of them who go the middle way between these extreams , Calvin in his Epistles speaks of his crossing the Seas willingly , to reconcile the differences between the Reformed Churches : And King Iames sent to Peter du Moulin to come over hither into England to conferre with him about the method that it was fit to take for the reunion of all the Reformed Churches in Christend●m , so often sollicited by Mounsieur du Plessis . See La Vie du M. du Plessis , lib. 3. pag. 403 , 404. and his Memoires . Others also have laboured this way . Quid ▪ Nonne vident dissidia nostra esse amicorum dispendia , hostium compena●a ( ut cùm Hieronymo dicam ) & publica irae divinae incendia . Junii praefat. ad ●renicum . and affirm , That there may be an agreement among those that differ in some Controversies , but not in others , These are the Orthodox Teachers of the Reformed Churches .

A universal conjunction is impossible , the rule of consent about Religion is only the word of God .

The enemies of Christian Religion are twofold , Open or Close :

Those openly oppose the Doctrine of Christ , and persecute his Church , viz. the Heathens , Mahometans and Iews ; these treacherously and under the name of Christ , as Hereticks , but especially Arminians , Pelagians , and Papists .

Altingius and others hold an agreement with both these unlawfull .

To endeavour to soder different Religions and persons holding to their principles 1 King . 18. 21. will make up but a medly and patcht Religion . Dum Georgius Cassander Papatum reformare simulat : stabilit & commendat aeque , ac aporti hostes . Melch. Adam . in vita Ursini .

As some in the Apostles time mingled Circumcision with Baptism , and the Sacrifices with the death of Christ . This was the way which the great Emperour Charles the fifth took to reunite the two Religions in Germany , by the Tract called the Interim , which was composed by an Apostate Minister named Islebius . But it was opposed by the faithfull Ministers , and although out of fear it was admitted by some Princes and Commonwealths , yet it was soon abolisht . Circa idem tempus , monstrosus partus & toti Germaniae pestilens in lucem infelici sidere prodiit , quem Interim seu inter Religionem Augustanam nominarunt , cum edicto Caesaris : quo promulgata est certa quaedam Religionis formula , interim servanda ; donec universali Concilio coacto , Religionis controversiae cognoscantur & tollantur . Melchior Adam . in vita Joan. Wigand . Vide plura ibid. Et in vita Joan. I●lebii & Brentii .

Castam Christi Sponsam decet casta concordia ( said Doctor Sibbes in a Clerum ) in Doctrine as well as Worship . Malefida semper fuit Religionum ferruminatio & publicis calamitatibus praevia , said the same Reverend Divine in that Latine Sermon .

The Samaritans ( with their patcht Religion ) retarded Christs work .

Some distinguish between Consent , and Concord , others make a difference between Differunt Consensio & Concordia : Haec enim Charitate , Pace , & sacrorum Communione constat : illa opinionum Consonantiae . Perfecta Theologorum aut Ecclesiarum in omnibus Consensio optanda potiùs quam speranda in hac vita Attamen etiam cum imperfecta judiciorum Consensione potest esse vera , & pro hujus vitae modulo plena ac per●ecta Concordia Rom. 14. Phil. 3. 15 , 16. Forbos . Instruct. Historico ▪ Theol. lib. 14. cap. 7. Consent , Concord and Peace . Consent we call Unity in judgment ; Concord , Unity of will and desire , peace , quiet and calme conversation , a life void of janglings , and free from tumults . There may be Consent without Concord ; Concord without Consent , and Peace without both . Men may agree in their opinion , and yet differ in their desires ; they may differ in opinion and desires , yet live in peace .

That there should be a mutual amity and forbearance amongst those , who differ in matters of Church-Government , or the like , but agree in the Fundamentals is most reasonable .

It is a Question , An Ecclesia Protestantiúm conciliari possit cum Pontificiis ? Non aliter sincera & cum effectu aliquo bono peragenda poterit praecedere Conciliatio . Ante omnia Papa removeatur , aut in ordinem Episcoporum redigatur , ut supra eos nihil amplius habeat po●estatem praeter primatum ordinis , sed omnes inter se pares sint , ut ab initio introducti in Ecclesiam Episcopatus fuere . Ubi sic exequa●i fuerint postmodum etiam amoveantur omnes , non enim potest statim , & uno saltu omnium Reformatio perfici , & reducatur regimen Presbyterale , quale ab Apostolis ex Christi praecepto institutum fuerit , ne iterum resurgere inde tyrannis Ecclesiae posset rediviva , quae originem ab Episcopatucepit , & in eo radices habet . Reducantur Sacramenta ad antiquum numerum , usum & modum , ut à Christo liquet instituta fuisse , ab Apostolis esse colebrata , & à primitivae Ecclesiae hominibus per aliquot saecula observata , Doctrina etiam de his vetus restituatur . Simplicii Verini Iudicium de lib. Posthum . Grotii p. 40 , 41. Whether the Church of the Protestants may be reconciled with the Papists ?

Roma irreconciliabilis was Dr Hall's tenet .

Franciscus de Sancta Clara , Cassander , the Archbishop of Spalato , and Millitier , and other Conciliators there have been , but all in vain .

Gentilettus in his Preface to his Apologia pro Christianis Gallis Religionis Reformatae , saith well , Imprimis hoc verissimum esse statuo , inter Catholicos Romanos & Evangelicos Religionis Reformatae , in multi dogmatum Articulis , & quidem praecipuis magnam esse contrarietatem . Nihilominus tamen in hoc omnes conveniunt , ut agnoscant & profiteantur veritatem personae Iesu Christi in duabus naturis non confusis , nec non sanctam Trinitatem Patris , Filii & Spiritus sancti : amplectanturque omnes sanctam Scripturam Veteris & Novi Testamenti .

Though the Papists and we agree in these things , that we both acknowledge the Unity of the Person of Christ in two Natures not confounded , and the Trinity of the Father , Sonne and holy Ghost , and all the holy Scripture of the Old and New Testament , yet in many Articles of Religion we much differ , and chiefly in the Doctrine of Justification . Vide Whitak . d● notis Eccles.

Some make the great difference between the Papists and us to be about the corporal presence of Christ in the Sacrament , and the Infallibility of the Pope . Christs institutions are of his own appointment , yet the Magistrate hath a Ministerium , though not on Imperium here . He cannot make a Law , that this or that shall be a religious service , but he may reform and purge , and also preserve Religion . An sanè olim Imperatores Christiani , res quae ad Religionem perti●ebant ad suam curam revocare solebant , piisque legibus doctrinam disciplinamque erroribus repurgare , ut purae integraeque in Ecclesia remanerent . Debet enim Princeps , Justiniano Principe teste , majorem euram habere eorum quae ad animae salutem pertinent , quàm Civilium Gentil . Exam. Conc. Trid. lib. 4. Sess. 22. Vide Gerh. Confess . Cathol. contra Pontif. l. 2. Special . partem 2 d●m . Artic. 8. De Officio Magistratus in negotio Religionis .

It is a Question , An cura Religionis ad Magistratum Civilem pertineat ? Whether any thing of Religion come under the Magistrates Cognizance , or belong to his care ?

That it doth , appears

First , From the Nature of Christianity , it goes through his whole conversation , 1 Pet. 1. 15. and reacheth to all his relations . A Heathen Magistrate or Parent is as truly a Magistrate and Parent , as a Christian Magistrate or Parent . Christianity gives no farther power but a higher Law . The name of Christianity lies in exercising it in all our relations .

Secondly , The Gospel is given for Nations , and is their great priviledge that receive it ▪ Magistrates ought to take care of all National priviledges , Rev. 11. 15.

Thirdly , That which God hath promised to his people as a mercy , Magistrates should labour to be , and fulfill in duty , Isa. 49. 22. Psal. 2. 11.

It is a great Question , An Magistratus plures Religiones in una republica tolerare Tolerantia diversarum Religionum quam perniciosa reipublicae , so Mr ▪ Fox in his printed Commonplaces . Iactabimusne libertatem Conscientiis permittendam esse minimè , & haec quidem libertas intelligitur , id est , ut quo quisque modo volet Deum colat . Est enim hoc merè Diabolicum dogma ; sinendum esse unumquemque ut si volet pereat . Et illa est Diabolica libertas quae Poloniam & Transylvaniam bodiè ●ot pestibus implevit , qu●● nullae alioqui sub sole regiones tolerarent . Bezae Epist. 1. debeat ? Whether it be lawfull for a Magistrate to tolerate many Religions in one Commonwealth ?

Some give this distinction in the Doctrine of Toleration .

They put a difference inter Tolerationem & approbationem , a Magistrate must discountenance all corrupt Doctrines , and before hand , Dissensum suum publicè declarare debet . Religio non potest cogi , Religion cannot be constrained , and yet blasphephemies must be restrained . See Revel. 2. 20. Hereticks should sure not be advanced to high places .

Toleration ( intolerable Toleration ) is the great Diana much cried up in these times .

Some think there is no love among men , unlesse they allow an universal Toleration of all blasphemies and heresies ; We must distinguish between loving of mens persons and their errours , Ephes. 4. 15. 2 Ioh. v. 1 , & 3. We should joyn grace and truth , and charity together .

Some give these Cautions :

First , If they be such Religions as do not overthrow the foundation .

Secondly , Nor such as disturb the Government established in the State or Kingdom .

Thirdly , If the Professors thereof be not factious , ambitious , or pertinacious , but honest , simple , tractable , obedient to their Superiours .

Some say , Take heed of two destroying extreams :

First , That of the Libertines , that all should be tolerated without limitation .

Secondly , Others , who would have liberty for none but themselves , and men of their own opinion .

For the Papists ; They are not tolerated in Holland ; The Jews are not only tolerated , Les Catholiques sont les seuls exclus de la grace universelle , dont tous les autres jouissent , & n' ont aucun exercice libre du tout , quoy que leur nombre ne soit pas petit , & que ceux qui suivent cette Religion , soyent pour la plus part urais Hollandois & d' ancienne extraction , Les Delices De La Hollande Premiere . partie Chapitre xxiv . but have the publick exercise of their Religion , and their Synagogues , viz. at Amsterdam .

I shall not need ( I hope ) to say much against their Toleration , the thing is so grosly evil , and of that dangerous consequence to a Protestant State .

Dr Downam Bishop of Derry preaching before the Lord Deputy and the State at Christ Church in Dublin in Ireland , Novemb. 26. 1626. produced the judgement of four and twenty Bishops ( whereof only now the most reverend Primate of Armagh is living ) against it . Whose reasons I shall here insert .

First , It is to make our selves accessory not only to the Papists Superstitions , Idolatry , Heresies , and in a word , to all their abominations of Popery , but also ( which is a consequence of the former ) to the perdition of the seduced people , which perish in the deluge of the Catholick Apostasie .

Secondly , To grant them a Toleration in respect of money to be given , or contribution to be made by them , is to set Religion to sale , and withall the souls of the people , whom Christ our Saviour hath redeemed with his most precious bloud : And as it is a great sinne , so it is matter of most dangerous consequence ; and beseeching God to make all in Authority zealous of Gods glory , and the Advancement of the true Religion , resolute and couragious against all Popery , Superstition and Idolatry , he said , Let all the people say , Amen , which they did with a loud acclamation .

It is a Question propounded by Helvicus * * System Controvers. Theolog. Quae Christianis cum Iudaeis intercedu●t . Elench Iud. 8. & ult. Profecto excusari Magistratus Christianus non potest ▪ si impunè corum blasphemias horrendas in Christum , & S S. Trinitatem , totamque Religionem Christianam , diutiùs oculo connivente toleret . Id. ibid. Amongst Gregories Epistles , there is one De Iudaeis non persequendis . , An Iudaei à Magistratu Christiano tolerandi , & quomodo tractandi ? Whether the Jews be to be tolerated by the Christian Magistrate , and how they are to be handled ?

He saith it is a perplex Question by reason of the different judgements .

He propounds first divers Arguments of those which hold they are altogether to be cast out of a Christian Commonwealth by reason of those horrible blasphemies , which daily both in their ordinary prayers , and in their speeches they belch out against Christ , the Virgin Mary , our faith , and all Christians in general , and for other reasons which he there alledgeth .

Secondly , He urgeth other Arguments , to prove , that the Jews are not to be cast out , but tolerated under the Christian Magistrate , because by that means many of them may be converted by continual converse with the Christians , and the Scripture seems evidently to confirm that , Hosea 3. 4. Zephany 3. 7. Luke 21. 24. Romans 11. 25 , 26. And because they may be serviceable to them against the Pagans , and for other reasons .

He himself goes the middle way , and layes down his opinion in certain Propositions :

First , It is better for Jews to live amongst Christians , then under Turks or Infidels .

Secondly , The blasphemies of Jews are not to be tolerated , but to be prohibited and most severely punished by Christians .

Thirdly , The Jews are to be esteemed among Christians as the servants of servants , that is so to be handled , that they are exiles and cast off by God himself . They are not to have any publick office . They are not to practise that unjust Usury , for which they are so infamous amongst Christians . They are to have also ( said he ) some outward mark in their garments , by which they may be distinguished from others , and to be forced to hear Sermons . Many other Cautions doth he give in the receiving of them .

As for the Toleration of the Jews , whosoever they be that suffer the exercise of their Religion , with the blasphemies they commonly use against Christ , make themselves guilty of all their wickednesse , which the Lord keep this Land from , as well as from the abomination of the Masse . The Pope can tolerate the blasphemy o● the jews , and the filthinesse of all the Curtisans and Stews , and take a yearly rent o● them for it , and for no respect will allow the exercise of our most holy Religion , either in his own Dominions , or wheresoever he may prevail against us . Travers Answ ▪ to a Popish Treatise written to the Lords of the Councel .

The End of the first Book .

THE SECOND BOOK . OF Learning .

CHAP. I. I. Of the Dignity and Excellency of Learning .

THere are three kindes of things to be desired , One , That which draws us to it self by its own force , Non emolumento captans aliquo , sed trahens sua dignitate ; as Virtue , Knowledge and Truth . 2. Another , which is desired for fruit and profit , as money . A third , which draws us both by its own force and dignity , and by profit , the more to desire it , Eccles. ● . 13. Quem admodum ratione homines à reliquis animantibus , it● & literis homines ipsi ab hominibus differunt . Qui igitur scribendo in commune bonum aliquid proferre potest , is quidem prae stat , quod paucorum est praestare , propterea quod non omnium sit literas discere aut docere : tanto autem majore laude dignior est , quanto rarior est literarum scientia , quam aliarum vulgarium ar●ium quibus humana vita continetur . Scalig. Proleg . in Canon Chronol Isag. Eruditio , plebeiis argenti : nobilibus ●uri ● pr●acipibus ge●marum instar est . Gryn . Epist. l. 1. Epist. 14. Ut ager quamvis fertilis , sine cultura fructuosus esse non potest : sic sine doctrina animus . Cultu●a aute●● 〈…〉 eruditio est , quae praepara● animos ad satu● accipiendos , eáque mandat ●is , & ( ut ita dicam ) se●it , quae ●d●●t● fructus uberrimos ferant . Citra cultum erudicionis non potest homo revera esse , quod audit . Coelii Sec. Cur. ●rat . 〈…〉 ingenuis artibus . as friendship , and a good Name .

Learning is the perfection of reason , it was so prized by the Heathens , that they thought a learned man to differ as much from an unlearned , as a man from a beast .

Humane Learning delivers the minde from wildenesse and barbarism .

Scilicet ingenuas didicisse fideliter Artes. Emollit mores , nec sinit esse feros . Ovid. de Pont. Artibus ingenuis , quarum tibi maxima cura est , Pectora molleseunt , asperitasque fugit . Ovid. ad Gracinum . Nemo adeo ferus est qui non mitescere possit ; Si modo culturae patientem accommodet aurem . Horat.

But the accent had need be put upon fideliter ( as Sir Francis Bacon well observes ) for a superficial knowledge doth rather work a contrary effect . Ego benè literatos viros eo benigniores candidioresque semper expertus sim , quo magis & ingenio & eruditione pollerent . Pier. Valer. Hieroglyph . lib. 23. cap. 4. He instanceth there in P●ntanus , Antonius Sabellicus , P●mponius Laetus , and shews how candid and courteous they were to all , and concludes , Iacobi Sadoleti nomen aetate nostra in modestiae abiit appellationem . How much more effectual is divine learning ? Esa. 11. 9.

Secondly , It mitigates the fear of death and adversity . If a mans minde be seasoned with the contemplation of mortality , and the corruptible nature of things , he will be ready to concurre with Epictetus , who going forth one day , saw a woman weeping for her pitcher of earth ; and going forth the next day , he saw another weeping for her sonne , said , Heri vidi fragilem frangi , hodiè vidi mortalem mori .

Thirdly , The pleasure and delight of Knowledge and Learning far surpasseth all other pleasure and delight ; Therefore the Egyptians , Caldeans , Grecians , Romans , have so highly prized humane wisdome , that they were willing to undergo any labour or cost for the purchasing of it .

To finde wit in Poetry , in Philosophy profoundnesse , in Mathematicks acutenesse , Dr Halls 4th Decad of Epist. Epist. 3. in History wonder of events , in Oratory sweet eloquence , in Divinity supernatural light and holy devotion , as so many rich medals in their proper mines , whom would it not ravish with delight ?

Fourthly , It doth perpetuate and immortalize ones memory . Virtus ergo est , quae claros , utiles & verè magnos facit . Atqui virtus quid aliud esse potest , quam fuga vitiorum ? Et quid fuga vitiorum , quàm Dominae parêre rationi , pravosque animi motus tranquilla moderatione lenire ? At hoc quotusquisque est , qui sine disciplinis , si neque literis assequatur ? Cur. Cael. Sec. Orat. in Nic●l . Invit●atu● . Antiquum fuit institutum eos honore numismatum decorate , qui vel doctrina , vel imperio caeteris antecellerent . Quare Mitylenaei Sapphus imaginem numis impressere , Homerum Chii , auctore Strabone , Pier. Val. Hieroglyph . l. 32. c. 8. Apud Graecos , literarum Professores statuis , donati reperiuntur , ut Demosthenes , Pythagoras , statua inaurata , vel ut alii volunt , lingua aurea . Nostra aetate primus Carolus quartus Imperator arma largitus est hominibus literatis , quique aliis in rebus egregiam novassent operam : vere enim Orator , Honos alit artes , omnesque incenduntur ad studia gloria Frans● , lib. 2. De armis . Eoque libri puto ipsi monumenta vocantur quod ad memoriam magis posteritatis judica●urae : quam ad incptam praesentis temporis gratiolam spectare debent . Polit. Praefat. ad Miscel.

Excellent to this purpose is that of Seneca , Nomen Attici perire Ciceronis Epistolae non sinunt : Nihil illi profuisset gener Agrippa , & Tiberius progener , & Drusus Caesar pronepos ; inter tam magna nomina taceretur , nisi Cicero illum aperuisset . Seneca Epist. 21.

Homers verses continued five and twenty Centuries of years and above , without the losse of a syllable or letter .

Vox audita perit , litera scripta manet .

The use of a good Book reacheth farre and lasteth long . Many more are instructed by Books then can be by speech , and every good thing is better by how much it more communicates it self . By Books we have conference with learned men deceased , and by these they instruct us as much as they did those with whom they lived together .

Fifthly , As the ignorance of the people , and the Authority of the Roman Sea Melch. Adam . in vi● Germ. Theol. & Gentilet . Exam. Concil. Trid. l ▪ 1. Hoc nostro saeculo , ab anno M. D. ut literatum lumen majus accepit incrementa , ita & magis imminuta & labefactata est : Pontificis autori●ss . Maxima pars Germaniae , Regnum Anglicanum , Scoticum , Danicum , & bona pars Galliae , Helvetiae , Poloniae , jam ejus Imperii jugum excusserunt , multaeque aliae Christianae regiones ad idem faciendum paratae sunt . Gentiles . Exam. Conc. Trid. l. 1. increased together , so by the restoring of Arts and Learning , both ignorance , and the Authority of the Pope of Rome decrèased . What did Reuchline , Erasmus , Pagnine , Arias Montanus , and others ( though in other things Popish ) suffer , for no other reason , but because they did labour to propagate the knowledge of the Tongues . So sad was the face of those times , Ut in authoribus latinis Graecè nosse suspectum fuerit : Ebraicè autem propè haereticum . Espenc . ad 2 Tim. 3.

Who doth not loath the memory of the Gothes and Vandals for the barbarism Et certè ex historiarum lectione constat , paulò post B. Augustini tempora bonas literas linguarum peritiam ( necessaria Theologiae instrumenta ) paulatim intercidere coepisse , Hunnorum , Gothorum , Vandalorum , aliarumque barbararum gentium ( quae in fines Imperii Romani irruperant ) vastationibus , Bibliothecarum incendiis , quas igné penitus abolere gen● literarum Christianaeque religioni inisnica enitebatur . Gentilleti Apol. Pro Christianis Gallis Relig. Evang. cap. 19. Vide plura ibid. Et Sixtini Amam . Paraenesin de excitandis S● . Linguarum studiis . they brought along with them ? See Antoine Du V●rdiers Preface to his Bibliotheque . Therefore the names of such are precious who were means of restoring learning and knowledge , as in Italy , Hermolaus Barbarus , Picus Mirandula , Politian , Baptista Mantanus ; in Germany , Renchline , Erasmus , Beatus Rhenanus , Ludovicus Vi●es ; in France , Budaeus ; in England , Linacer ; in Spain , Antonius Nebrissensis .

The ancient Greek and Roman Princes were learned , and by it their Noblemen were advanced to great honour .

Alexander the Great acknowledged himself as much beholding to his Master Aristotle , as to his Father Philip , for the one gave him his being , the other his well-being .

CHAP. II. II , Of the Usefulnesse of Learning .

IT is usefull for Physicians , Lawyers , but especially for Divines . Ita hodiè majori jure linguae Graecae peritia requiritur in medico , quam in jurisconsulto ; major etiam notitia scientiae naturalis . At jurisconsulto magis opus cognitione historiarum & Phylosophiae moralis ac civilis . Theologum magis , quam jurisconsultum , aut medicum , Logicis & Metaphysicis imbutum esse covenit , etiam magis illi necessaria est notitia Orientalium linguarum . Vossius de Rat. studiorum . Linguae Latinae cognitionem nostro seculo penè esse necessariam nemo ambigit , etsi enim & sine illa quidam non inutiles Ecclesiis fuerunt , cum tamen lingua illa totius Christianismi quasi quoddam commune sit vinculum , & omnes ingeniorum quos orbis Christianus hactenus produxit foetus , imprimis in hac nostra professione , lingua illa sint editi vel in eam traducti , mutilam valde cognitionem esse oportet , quae sine hujus linguae notitia habetur . Ut omittam , multum de ministri futuri aestimatione detrahi , qui aliquam saltem hujus linguae promptitudinem non comparavit . Reliquarum duarum , nempè Graecae & Hebraicae utilitas est tanta , ut , cui Deus & tempus & ingenium largitur , sine maximo dispendio iis carere non possit . Quid enim jucundius quam ▪ Prophetas & Apostolos sua lingua lequentes audire ? Quam Spiritus ▪ S. sensa ex ipsis fontibus haurire . Walaei Orat. de studii Theolog. recta institutione . Dolendum est quod Hieronymo defuit punicae linguae peritia vel Augustino Hebraicae . Nam si alteruter , aut Patrum quis alius caetera edoctus , linguam utramque calluisset , ex punica in Hebraicam potuisset transfundere , unde as●ulsisser magna lux non paucis Veteris Testamenti locis quae nobis sunt obscurissima . Bocharti Geog. Sac. l. 2. c. 16.

Languages , Arts and Sciences are great helps to the attaining of knowledge in Divinity .

1. A competent knowledge of the Languages , at least of the three learned ones , Hebrew , Greek and Latine , is very convenient , if not necessary , for one that would be a compleat Divine ; Such see with their own eyes .

The knowledge and interpretation of Tongues is a very great gift of God , promised by him in times past , Esa. 19. 18. bestowed by Christ , attributed to the holy Ghost , Acts 2. Paul commends the study of Languages to the Church and all its members , 1 Cor. 14.

He which shall professe to be an absolute learned Divine without the knowledge of three tongues at the least , may think well of himself , but hardly he shall get and retain the credit he seeketh among learned men in this learned age . Doctor Fulk against Martin .

Non exigua fuit ▪ pars eruditionis in Origene , Epiphanio , Hieronymo , linguae Hebraicae cognitio . Cham. Corp. Theol. l. 2. c. 2.

Ierom , Reuchline , Oecolampadius were famous for their skill in Hebrew , Greek and Latine .

Melchior Adam saith of Casp●r Cruciger , Ad priora exercitia linguae Latinae & Graecae , adjunxit studium linguae Hebraeae , ac omnes ita didicit : ut adeò familiariter ei notae essent , ●o si nativa ipsi , non insititiae fuissent .

It hath been the custom in the Reformed Churches , to try the sufficiency of young Ministers by their skill in the original language , Sequimini laudabilem Gallicarum Ecclesiarum consuetudinem , ubi Theologiae Candidato , in utriusque Testamenti originali textu illud quod Praesidi Codicem aperienti se primò exhibet caput , legendum & interpretandum proponitur . An minor in Anglia , Germania , Dania , Belgio , Helvetia caeterisque Provinciis , linguas illas discendi commoditas ? Sixtini Amam Paraen . de excitandis , SS. Linguarum studiis . See Erasmus his Ecclesiastes .

How do the Schoolmen ( out of ignorance of the Tongues ) erre in the exposition of the Old and New Testament , written in Hebrew and Greek , and what barbarisms do they use in the Latine Tongue .

This is the eighth of the eleventh famous nullities which Gentilletus in his Examen Octava nullitas Concilii Tridentini in co vertitur , quod plerique omnes Episcopi caeterique Concilii Praesules , quibus definiendi potestas erat , perexigua admodum eruditione praediti essent . Nec enim in sacris literis , priscorumque Patrum Canonibus ac Decretis , literisque Hebraicis , Graecis & Latinis apprime versati erant , quas vix eorum quisquam à limine salutarat . Maec est Baldi Doctoris doctissimi vulgò probata doctrina , in subtilioribus & perplexis juris quaestionibus hebetiores rudésque literarum judices recusari posse , ut qui ejusmodi nodos solvere nequeant . Gentilet . Exam. Conc. Trid. l. 5. chargeth the Councel of Trent with , viz. the illiteratenesse of many of their Bishops , and other Presidents of their Councel , in whom was the power of deciding Controversies , which the Papists cannot justly object against the members of the famous Synod of Dort .

The ignorance of the Monks is grown to a Proverb , Monacho indoctior . Belluae immanis vox est , quòd Licinius Imperator & nominis Christiani persecutor , literas dixit virus & publicam pestem . Bibliand . de ratione communi omnium linguarum , cap. 6.

The Grounds of the Greek and Hebrew tongue too are well taught in some Grammer Schools .

Fundamenta linguae Graecae in-trivialibus docentur , quarum novi aliquot sic constitutas , ut quot quot ex iis prodeant , Novum Testamentum Graecum Grammaticè possint resolvere , novi Scholas , ubi fundamenta linguae Ebrae● , magno Ecclesiae & juventutis bono jaciuntur . Sixt. Am. Paraen . de excitandis SS. Linguarum studiis .

But saith Mr Webster in his Academiaerum Examen * * Pag. 6. , It is not yet infallibly concluded which are the true original Copies ( especially concerning the Hebrew and the oriental Languages ) the Jewish tongue having been often altered and corrupted by their several intermixtures with , and transmigrations into other Nations , or that they have been purely and sincerely preserved unto our hands . For Languages change and alter as fashions and garments ; Neither have we any thing to assure us in this point , but bare tradition and history , which are various , perplex , dubious , contradictory and deficient .

To this I answer , Who ( but the ignorant ) deny that the Hebrew Copies are the Original of the Old Testament . Were not the Scriptures of the Old Testament committed to the Jews ? And was not the Hebrew the Jewish language ? Indeed the Jews by their Captivity in Babylon learned the Chaldee tongue , and so some of the Old Testament , as Ezra and Daniel were written in that language .

Secondly , What if the Jewish tongue hath been often altered and corrupted , and generally languages change and alter like fashions and garments ? Is that any reason why we should doubt of the sincerity of the Hebrew Copies ? By this reason we must question the works of Demosthenes , Cicero , and generally all others , because the languages wherein they wrote was since altered .

Thirdly , Is there nothing but bare tradition and History to inform us of the originals , when as the originals themselves are extant before our eyes ? And we may know them to be sincere , because generally all Copies throughout the world , though written at several times in several places do accord .

He objects further , Pag. 7. Knowledge of Tongues can but teach the Grammatical Construction , signification and interpretation of words , propriety of phrases , deduction of Etymologies , and such like ; all which tend to no farther then the instamping of a bare literal understanding , and all this may be , the mystery of the Gospel being unknown , for the letter killeth , but the Spirit giveth life .

To this I answer with Melancthon , If we understand not the signification of Scriptura non potest intelligi Theologicè nisi prius intelligatur Grammatice . Melancth. the words , how can we know the things signified by them ? Whereas he opposeth tongues , and the Spirit , Subordinata non pugnant , If he will so rely on the Spirit , as utterly to exclude tongues , Why doth he make use at least of his mother-tongue for the understanding of the Scriptures ? He saith there , He that understands the original tongues , in which the Text was written , conceives no more of the minde of God thereby , than he that only can reade or hear read the Translation in the mother-tongue . Yes , because the minde of God is primarily in the Original , and but secondarily in the Translation , in that the Translation is out of the Original , and doth no further contain in it the Word of God , then it doth agree with the Original .

He addes yet further , What difference is there between him that relies upon his Teachers skill , and he that relies upon the skill of a Translator , are they not both alike , since they are but both Testimonia humana , full of errours , mistakes and fallacies ?

It is much that he cannot perceive a difference between these two : He that relies upon the skill of a Translator , relies upon it for that particular Translation which he doth make use of : but he that relies upon the skill of his Teacher onely , relies upon it for his general knowledge of the language which is taught him besides , no man hath need so wholly to rely on his Teachers skill , having many other means to know whether his Teacher rightly instruct him or no , as some have to rely on the skill of a Translator , p. 7. But he proceeds .

The errours and mistakes that still remain , and are daily discovered in all Translations , do sufficiently witnesse mens negligence and ignorance , that in the space of sixteen hundred years , have not arrived at so much perfection , as to compleat one Translation .

This very reason which he alleadgeth against the knowledge of Tongues , doth Et sancta Hebraea est lingua , & cuivis Theologiae studioso necessaria . Etsi enim monumenta Apostorum & Evangelistarum Graeca sunt : tamen phrasis est Hebraica . Itaque rectè dixerunt veteres : Hebraeos bibere ex fontibus : Graecos ex rivulis : Latinos ex lacunis . Melch. Adam . in vita Graseri . Paulus linguarum genera tenere donum putat Spiritus Sancti , nos adeò ridemus , ut vix homine putemus dignum ? Paulus divinationis muneri , vel anteponit , nos Sophisticis etiam nugis postponimus ? Paulus gratias agit Deo , cujus beneficio tantum sibi bonum contigerit , nos eos , qui nobis tantum bonum etiam domi desidentibus è longinquo adferunt , circulatores vocitamus , & indignis modis tractamus ? Pet. Mosell . Orat. de var. Ling. Cognit . Vide Crines . De Confus . Ling. cap. xi & xii . shew the necessity of it . For if errours and mistakes do still remain , and are daily discovered in all Translations , Is there not the more need of skill in the Originals , that so we may not be carried away with those errours and mistakes ? And how should those errours in Translations be discovered but by skill in the Originals . But suppose that no mans skill in the Originals is so great , as to free him from errours and mistakes in translating , is therefore all his skill to no purpose ? By the same reason all Mr Websters preaching should be in vain , because he is not infallible , but sometimes may mistake the meaning of the Scripture which he citeth .

I suppose it therefore very profitable for a Divine ( which I think was Reverend Mr Wheatleys usual practice ) to reade daily a Chapter in the Old Testament in Hebrew , and in the New Testament in Greek .

Illud enim volo , Theologiae studios● & verbi Dei ministro tantum semper debere esse à rebus aliis otii , ut quotidiè caput aliquod in utriusque Testam . Originali Textu legat , & quidem cum brevi suc●inctoque Commentario , vel Junii , vel Bezae , vel Piscat . vel Vatabli . Sixt. Amam . Consilium de studio Ebraico feliciter instituendo .

Secondly , The Knowledge of the Arts is also very requisite for a Divine .

Therefore Licinius and Iulian envying such a good to the Church of Christ used their endeavours to deprive the Christians of the studies of them , most vain sports being set up in their room .

Christ at first ( to shew the glory of his greatnesse ) took and imployed Fishermen , such as had no bringing up in Schools . But it was not long after , but learned men came in apace . Learned men of all sorts , Zenas in Law , Tit. 3. 13. Luke in Physick , 1 Tim. 4. 11. Apollo with his Eloquence , Act. 18. 24. Dionyse with his Urbs Tarsus clara Schola & Academia à Strabone celebrata lib. 14. Divi Pauli patria . Neand. Geog. part. 2. Philosophy , Act. 17. 34. Paul with his much learning , Act. 26. 24. which he had at Tharsus , as famous an University for Asia , as Athens was for Greece . See 1 Cor. 14. 18.

Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Aegyptians , Act. 7. 22. which Nation was one of the most ancient Schools of the world . Salomon passed all the children of the East in their own learning , 1 King . 4. 30. Daniel was brought up , and well seen in the cunning of the Chaldeans , Dan. 1. 4.

First , All the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hid in the Scripture , of Numerorum imperitia multa facit non intelligi , translatè ac mysticè posita in Scripturis . Ac numerum & musicam plerisque in locis ac sanctis Scripturis posita , honorabiliter invenimus . August . lib. 2. de doct. Christ . cap. 16. & 38. Melancthon linguarum & artium studia comparavit Cophinis , in quibus fragmenta panum colligi & reponi jubebantur , Matth. 14 v. 20. Cum sint adminicula , per quae doctrina coelestis commodè tradi , ad posteros propagari & contra adversarios propugnari possit . Gerh. Meth. Stud. Theol. natural and moral Philosophy , of the Politicks , of Poetry , of History , of Mathematicks , Metaphysicks , and many of them in that one Book of Iob.

How shall a Minister be able without some skill in Logick to analyze his Text ? The whole Scripture abounds with Arguments , the strength of which one cannot perceive but from Logick , and how shall he be able to discover or confute the sophistry and false reasoning of Hereticks without it . Cham. Corp. Theol. lib. 2. cap. 18.

Of the use of Logick in Divinity , See Mr Gataker against Saltmarsh , Shadows without Substance , p. 20.

He may draw likewise excellent sentences , famous examples , profitable precepts from History and Philosophy .

The Scripture is full of Metaphors and figurative speeches which have profit as well as ornament . A great part of the whole 6th of Iohn is framed of such speeches , how shall one understand the meaning of such places without some skill in Rhetorick ?

Secondly , The knowledge of the Arts is requisite for a Divine to refute errors . Chronólogia & Geographia principem sibi locum vendicant in Theologia quia in sacris literis continetur praeter fidei morumque praecepta , etiam Ecclesiae historia . Est autem olim dictum , Historiae oculos esse Chronologiam & Geographiam . Haec terrarum ambitum describens , locos judicat quibus singula gesta , adeóque quasi in rem praesentem deducit . Illa verò annorum saeculorumque seriem explicat . Cham. Corp. Theol. lib. 2. c. 18.

The Socinians begin in Philosophical principles , and the Papists begin in Logick about accidents , when they would establish their Transubstantiation .

Zanch. de Tribus Elohim parte altera , cap. 1. reckons up this as one cause of heresie , viz. the ignorance of true and solid Philosophy and Logick , and the Liberal Arts.

How many Chronological difficulties are there in the Scripture , which will not be resolved without some skill in Chronology . Compare 1 King . 6. 1. with Acts 13. 20. 2 Kings 24. 10. with 2 Chron. 36. 9. 2 Chron. 22. 2. with 21. 20.

Some say the holy Ghost did obscure some things in Chronology to sharpen mens wits .

Object . Colos. 2. 8. Beware least any man spoil you through Phylosophy and vain deceit , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , i. e. through the vain deceit of Philosophy , for either it did promise eternal life , or did not shew the true and certain way which led thither . So Grotius .

Some think he bids them beware of Plato's Philosophy , not of Philosophy in general , Neque Apostolus ad Colossenses veram & naturalem Philosophiam , sed inanem duntaxat & deceptricem damnavit . Zanch ▪ ad Arianum Respons .

The learning of the Magi ( who were skilled in the Stars and Bodies Celestial ) hindred them not in their coming to Christ . The gold and spoils of Egypt , did the Tabernacle no hurt , which was hung all over with them . Some think it is a childish thing for a Minister to use exotick language in a popular Auditory from 1 Cor. 14. 20.

Humane Learning may be lawfully used in a divine exercise , four conditions being observed .

The first concerns the end , the confirmation of faith , not vain glory .

Secondly , If the prophanenesse or Ethnicisme in them be castrated , as Deut. 21.

Thirdly , That we alway 〈…〉 use humane learning as we give the Scripture the upper-hand .

Fourthly , That these ●●●ations of humane Writers , be used not as meat , Vide Sculteti Orationem De Conjungenda Philologiam cum Theologia . We ar 〈…〉 ters ( sa●th Paul ) to the learned and unlearned . Zanchius in his second Oration , De conservando in Ecclesia p●ro puto Dei verbo , shews , That there are only three necessary causes which happen but seldom , for a good Preacher ; extra limites S. literarum , per scripta Poetarum & Philosophorum , aut etiam , Patrum evagari , either by reason of the obstinacy of hereticks , which being not satisfied with the Scriptures , are to be convinced with other reasons and testimonies , or for the calumnies of the malevolent , which it is necessary to refell with other testimonies then those of the Scriptures ; or lastly , by reason of the infirmity of some weak brethren , which cannot be a holly divorced from their old superstiti●● , and be setled in the truth delivered , unlesse the same be also confirmed by the ●●stimonies of the ancient Fathers . The Apostle Paul thrice indeed ci●●th the sayings of profane Poets , because they were fi● for the matter which he handled , but be neither names the Poets , neither did he do it often ( saith he ) nor without good reason , but only mentions some short speeches of theirs , seldom , soberly , and as it were obiter , being compelled thereto , that the Gentiles by the sayings of Gentiles might be convinced . Therefore the Fathers do not so use the sayings of Philosophers and Poets in their Homilies to the Church , as in their disputations and books against the Heathens . but as sauce , sparingly . Dr Chalon Serm●on Tit. 1. 13. Philosophandum est sed paucis .

Humane knowledge or learning is abused :

First , When we rest in it , lean not to thine own understanding , when we think to look into divine mysteries with the spectacles of nature .

Secondly , When we boast of it as our chiefest excellency , Ier. 9. 23. Religion is the highest excellency , the truest wisdom is that whereby we know and enjoy the chiefest good .

Thirdly , When we oppose learning to the wisdom of Scripture , and confine God to the Laws of nature , 1 Cor. 1. 23.

Fourthly , The naked Theory of divine knowledge , idle and unactive knowledge , all knowledge is for practice , Prov. 14. 8. Psal. 111. 10. Deut. 4. 6. Prov. 8. 30.

Some times are more favourable to learning then others .

About the time of our Saviours coming , curious Arts , and other civil Disciplines did most flourish . The Grecians sought after wisdom , and secular Philosophy , the Romans after Policy , State-knowledge and Discipline of ●●rs . All the world almost ( above others , those parts wherein Christianity was first placed ) was then set upon curious Arts , yet the study and search of Scriptures in a short time devoured all , and brought them to acknowledge allegiance unto it . Dr Iacks . Comment on the Creed Vol. 1. l 1. c. 3.

Wolfius in his Lectiones Memorabiles mentions the learned men of every Century .

Superstition and ignorance both together at the latter end of the ninth Century , as a thick mist dangerously invaded and possessed the Church , when the forging of Legends and Relicks , and such like trumpery was as common and highly esteemed as the Scripture , and preaching was discountenanced , and utterly out of use .

Some places also are more propitious to learning then others .

Athens in Greece , of which see afterwards . Basilea omnibus temporibus produxit viros doctrin● , sapientia arque eloquentia maximos . Neand. Geograph parte 12. Prodierunt ex Sicyone quemadmodum Athenis multi viri praestantes in omni artium ac doctrinarum genere . Id. ibid.

Corduba in Spain is celebrated also this way . It was the Countrey of Avicenna , and Averroes and Razis , and of Seneca Neroes Master , and Lucan the Poet.

Duosque Senecas , unicumque Lucanum Faecunda loquitur Cord●ba — Martial . Barbara quinque viris gratatur I●●ria , Marco , Lucano , Fabieque & geminis Senecis , Qui nugis , versuque , togâ , sophià , atque Cothurn● Clarent : quid majus Roma superba dedit ? Steph. Pasch. Icon.

Many of the Fathers were Africans .

Una etiam Optatos , Cyprianos , Tertullianos , Atque Augustinos Africa terra tulit . Edidit haec sancto miracula quatuor orbi . Nempè aliquid semper gens alit illa novi . Steph. Pasch. Icon.

Devonshire in England .

Carpenter in the second part of his Geog. cap. 15. reckons up these famous men of the West for Arts and Learning , Iewell , Raynolds , Hooker , Sir Walter Rawleigh , Sir Francis Drake , Sir Richard Greenvill , Sir Thomus Bodley , Dr Holland , Hackwell , Prideaux , Justice Doddridge , William Noy .

Essex hath been fruitfull of good Divines , the younger Hooker , Dent , Fen●●r , the two Dikes , many Rogers .

Naples in Italy .

Virgil the Prince of Poets lived in Naples , Livie , Horace , Claudian , Francis Petrarch , who was very intimate with Robert King of Naples , Antonius Beccadellus sirnamed Pan●rmit●ne , an excellent Orator , Laurentius Valla , the Refiner of the Latine Tongue , Porcellus a most elegant Poet , Blondus a studious searcher of all Antiquity , Bartholomaus Facius , Nicolaus Saguntinus , all most excellent men .

Many Divines and Philosophers , among which were Ferrandus Valentinus , Qui tres postremi ex ordine praedicatorum Monachi doctissimi fuere . Leand. Alb. Descript. tot Ital. in Campania . Aërem urbs permollem & placidi●●imum habet , agrum jucundissimum , quae scilicet multis olim Romanis Imperatoribus virisque Senatoriis at from literarum studiosis huc animi quieti●que causa secedendi occasio fuit . Id. ibid. Vide plura ibid. Michael Epilamius , Ioannes Solerius , Ioannes Cardona , Henricus Panormitanus , Petrus Rassanus , Hieronimus Monopolius , and Iacobus Mantuanus .

CHAP. III. Of the Liberal Arts and Sciences .

AN Art is a Collection of universal precepts prepared to know , act or work Ars est rei cujusque scientia , usu , vel traditione , vel ratione praecepta , tendens ad usum aliquem vitae necessarium . Bibliand . de rat . Comm. omnium li●g . Ars est collectio universalium praeceptorum parata ad cognoscendum , agendum , vel operandum , in certa aliqua finis latitudine . Lud●v . Viv. de tradend . Discip. lib. 1. in some certain latitude of end .

Naturam ●mulatur ars , sed non planè assequitur , saith Bibliand●r , as we may see in painting and many other works .

All Arts are distinguished by the end not the matter .

Seneca * * Consolatione ad Marciam . cap. 18. Gen. 4. 21 , 22. The knowledge even of mechanical Ar●s ought to be referred to God the A●●●our , as the very Gentiles by the light of Nature were forced to confesse , and the Scripture witnesseth in the builders of the Tabernacle of Moses , and of Solomons Temple . distinguisheth Arts into three kindes , some which instruct the life , others which adorn it , others which rule it . The mechanical Arts instruct the life . Liberal Arts are properly those which become free and ingenuous men , which require understanding , not the operation of the hands .

They are called Liberal Arts , because they are worthy of a Freeman , and ingenuous , Artes ingenuae seu liberales idcirco appellatae sunt , quod libero ac ingenuo sint homine dignae : sive quòd liberos suos sectatores efficiant , & in fastigio rerum humanarum quasi reges collocent & reponant . Cael Secund. Cur. Orat. de ingenuis artibus . Latini artes vocant liberales tanquam libero homine dignas . Voss de Philol. cap. 1. Sunt artes universae in duo genera distri●u●ae : in Logicas & Mathematicas . Logicas appellarunt quae in sermonis ratione versantur : Mathematicas , in qu●n●irate . Quantitatis autem duplex genus fecerunt , aliud dejunctum , aliud conjunctum . Dejuncta ad numeros pertinent , ex quibus ea disciplina manavit , quam Arithmeticen dixere● ▪ Quemadmodum ex conjunctis Geometria , in qua lineamenta , formae , intervalla , magnitudines versantur . Porro numeri ipsi ad harmoniam translati , Musicem pepererunt , ea enim numeros , voces , & modos con●inet . Geometriae facultas ad res coelestes accommodata ; nobis dedit Astrologiam , in qua Coeli conversio , ortus , obitus , motúsque siderum considerantur . Rursum eadem ipsa Geometria ad vim cernendi traducta , Opticen produxit , quae causas affert cur oculi interdum vivendo decipiantur , cùm aut majores , aut minores , quàm sint res , esse videantur . Ex hac vero & ipsa Geometria , pingendi ars orta videtur , quam veteres inter liberales numerabant . Coelii Secun . Cur. Orat. de ingen●art . as if only ingenuous persons should learn and exercise them .

It is a received opinion , That there are seven Liberal Arts , three concerning speech , Grammer , Logick , Rhetorick , four concerning Quantity , Geometry , Arithmetick , Musick , Astronomy , which the Grecians call Mathematicks .

Gram : loquitur , Dia: vera docet , Rhe : verba colorat Mus ▪ canit , Ar●numerat , Geo : ponderat , Ast: docet astra .

〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , dicitur , quasi 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , that is , the circle of the Arts , which was wont to be accounted by the number of the seven Liberal Arts.

Ric: Vitus Basingstock in his fifth Oration De studiorum finibus , saith , All Arts and Sciences are but ten , the seven Liberal Arts before mentioned , and three more , Ethicks , Physick , Metaphysicks , into which all Philosophy is divided .

Sir Francis Bacon * * Advancem . of Learning , l. ● . cap. 1. saith , That is the truest Partition of humane Learning , which hath reference to the three faculties of mans soul , which is the seat of Learning . History is referred to Memory , Poesie to the Imagination , Philosophy to Reason . Theology also or divine Learning ( saith he ) consists either of sacred History , of Qui autores in singulis artibus legendi sint . Parables , which are a kinde of divine Poesie ; or of Precepts and Doctrines , as an eternal Philosophy . In Grammatica Diomodes , P●r●tt●● Valla : in Dialectica Aristoteles : in Rhetorica , Cicr● & Fabi●● praecipui . In Astronomia legendi Proclus & Aratus , nam apud Latinos pauci de ea docte scripsere . Si altiora spectes , adjungere potes Ptolomaeum . In Astrologia Iulius Firmicus , qui caeteris elegantius & verius artem tradidit . In Cosmographia , Ptolomaeum : In Geographia , P●mpon●um Melam : In Geometria Euclide● censeo perdiscendos . Ring●●●ergiu● De ratione studii .

There are three Organical Arts , and Arts concerning speech . Grammer , which Grammatica à 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 scrib● dicitur Synec . dochicè , quia voce tam scrip●â quam pro●a●â ad sensa animi prodenda uti consuevimus . Amesii Technometri● . Grammatica dicitur , voce quidem Graeca , sed tamen Romana olim jam civitate donata : quam tamen puerilem doctrinam , & literarum scientiam Ciceronem , literaturam Quintilianum sequentes possumus appellare . Cal. Sec. Cur. Orat. de ingenuis artibus . Vide P●lyd . Virg. De Juvent rerum , l. 1. c. 7. Grammatica est rectè scribendi & loquendi ratio . Gra●t . Graec. ling. Spicil . Grammatica Graeco nomine de literis dicitur , idcirco à Quintiliano literatura transfertur in latinam vocem , apertam quidem illam , sed non perinde receptam . Lud. V●● . de cau● . corrupt . Art. l. 2. Grammatica est scientia instrumentalis , qua dirigimur congruè ap●éque , propriè & concinnè loqui in omni idiomate , Hebraeo , Graeco , Latino , Anglico , Gallico , &c. Instrumentum est , & quidem omnium primum discendis scientiis . Crakanth . Log. l. 2. c. 13. Habet & ista doctrina quam Grammaticam vulgus vocat , neque tamen intelligit . Habet , inquam , & vetustissimos suos vindices , Linum & Palamedem , & Cadinum , & alios . V●lcbam ●escius ne esses eam à maximis viris non solum cultam sed etiam excultam fuisse . Qui enim de ea libros reliquerunt maximi viri , etiam in aliis studiis fuerunt , Crates , Aristophanes , Nicander , Callimachu● . Apollonius ille Rhodius , Chrysippus , alii Heroes magni . J●s . Scalig. Francisco Vertuniano inter opusc . Vide plura ibid. & Herald . Animad. in Salmas . observ. Ad. Jus A●t . & Rom. l. 2. c. 22. Inter Graecos Grammaticos nemo non primum locum tribuit Theodo●● Gazae , proxim●m mea sententia , Constantinus Lascaris sibi jure suo vendicat . Inter Latinos vetustiores Diomedes . Inter recentiores haud multum video discriminis , nisi quod Nicolaus Perottus videtur omnium diligentissimus , citra superstitionem tamen . Eras De ratione studii . shews what should be spoken , and with what Reason ; Rhetorick which is for Ornament ; and Logick which is for Argument and proof .

Some call these three general Arts , because they have their use in all things and Arts.

I. Grammer . It hath its name from letters .

This is as it were an usher to other Sciences , a place not very honourable , yet necessary , it is an Antidote against that malediction of the confusion of Tongues ▪ Polyd. Verg. It is an Art of speaking well .

Others adde , and of writing , but in vain , when writing happens to speaking . It s end is to speak well ▪ the means conducing to this end are the rules of classical writers founded on use .

That which is commonly called Orthographia , is better called Orthocepia , because speaking was before writing , which happens to speech .

The beginning of this Art and Rhetorick ( saith Suetonius l. de grammat . ) was thus , by the observation of those things which were either fit or unfit in speaking , men noting those things either to imitate or shun them , made this Art. Austin saith , That there were Grammarians among the people of Israel in the time of Moses .

That would be a most excellent kinde of Grammer , if some man skilfull in many Languages , as well learned , as mother-tongues , should write a Treatise of the divers Proprieties of Languages ; shewing in what points every particular Language doth excell , and in what points it was deficient .

Despauterius was a famous Latine Grammarian , Clenard a Greek one , Iohn Isaack an Hebrew one . Our Linacer also was a special Grammarian , and his books de Emendata Structura have much conduced to expell barbarism .

Gerardus Vossius hath put out a most learned and elaborate book De Arte Grammatica , and another De vitiis Sermonis . Nuncupantur autem triviales scholae quasi vulgares , & in triviis constitutae : quomodo nomen id ▪ nulli Scholae , ad Latinas , Graecasque literas discendas publicitus constitutae conveniat : quae rarò in triviis erectae : quin fere una duntaxat etiam in magnis est urbibus , vel potiùs inde trivialibus Scholis nomen fecerunt majores , quòd in his tres artes , Grammaticen , Rhetoricen , Logicen , docerent . Nam eas trivium dixere : ut quadrivium , quatuor artes Mathematicas ; Arithmeticen , Geometriam , Astrologiam , & Musicen : quòd ex Cassiodoro cognoscimus . Voss De vitiis Sermonis l 1. c 26. Quòd Philosophi , quòd Medici , quòd jure consulti , quòd omni literarum genere plerique exculti sunt , huic uni acceptum referunt omnes : Siquidem per unam Grammaticen , ad omne disciplinarum genus gradum ficri necesse est . Nam ut in aedificiis videmus , nisi solida firmáque constiterint fundamenta , labefacta●i omnia divulsaque ruinam trahere : sic in disciplinarum profectu , nisi quis puri dilucidique sermonis doctrinam solidè substruxerit , frustra caeteris in sudabit ? ●●l Sec. Cur. Orat in Nic●● . Invitiat . nobil . Grammat .

Trivial and Grammer Schools are to be respected and encouraged , because they are the Nurseries of Learning , there the foundation being well laid , young plants thence removed to the publick Universities , well furnished with that kinde of Learning , may prove eminent instruments in Church or State .

Grammer challengeth the first place to it self , and boyes are to learn both the Greek and Latine Grammer . Non modo quod his duabus linguis omnia fermè sunt prodita quae digna cognitu videantur , verùm etiam quod utraque alteri sic assinis est , ut ambae citius percipi queant conjunctim , quam altera sine altera , certè quam Latina sine Graeca . Erasm. De Ratione Studiis .

For the pure Greek writers , Erasmus commends chiefly Lucian , Demosthenes , Herodotus ; and of the Poets , Aristophanes , Homer , Euripides . For the Latine ( saith he ) Quis utilior loquendi autor quàm Terentius , purus , tersus , & quotidiano sermoni proximus , tum ipso quoque argumenti genere jucundus adolescentiae . Huic si quis aliquot selectas Plauti Comaedias putet , addendas , quae vacent obscaenitate ; equidem nihil repugno . Proximus locus erit Virgilio , tertius Horatio , quartus Ciceroni , quinius C. Caesari . Salustium si quis adjungendum arbitrabitur , cum hoc non magnopere contenderim , atque has quid●m ad utriusque linguae cognitionem satis esse duco . Erasm. De ratione studii .

II. Logick . It is the most universal of all Arts. Logica , est Scientia instrumentalis quâ dirigimur argumentari vel ratiocinari , seu Argumenta rectè contexere . Crakanth . Log. lib. 2. cap. 13. Logicam Aristoteles & invenit , & ita excoluit , absolvitque , ut in bis mille annorum spaco , nihil in his vel addi à quoquam possit , vel demi . Crakanth Logic. lib. 4. cap. 4. Instrumentalis propriè Logica dicitur : Quae ideò 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 ab Aristotele appellatur , quia praeceptis & regulis suis di●igit mentem hominis in indagatione ac cognitione rerum . Wal. Eth. Chrysippus Stoicus Philosophus in dialecticis tam subtilis & acutus , ut in Graecia vulgo jactarecur , si Dii dialecticis uterentur , non aliis , quam Chrysippeis usuros esse . Rami undecima oratio in librum De Fato .

It is usefull for all Sciences . It is ingeniorum lima & eos .

The proper formall object of it is Reason , its adequate end to dispute well ▪

The duties of a Logician , are either general , as that which is comprehended in the definition of Logick , to reason well ; or special , as those which be contained in the distribution of Logick , to invent well , and to judge well .

Logice dirigit intellectum in cognitione veri : praecipuaque ejus instrumenta sunt argumentatio , definitio , divisio , methodus . Gerard ▪ Joan. Vos . De Studiorum ratione parte priore .

Zeno the Stoick said , Rhetorick was like the palm , or the hand stretcht out , Logick to the fist , he might have said more fitly ( saith Ludovicus Vives * * De Caus. corrupt . Art. lib. 4. Dialectica est ars benè disserendi , id est , rationes rerum benè discernendi , & inter se componendi . Amos. Demonstrat . Logicae verae . Thess 1. Opus praecipium , Syllogismus , Demonstrativus . Savil. Lect. 12. in Euclyd . ) that the Logician collects an Argument for the subtill examination of the learned , but the Rhetorician applies it to the popular sense , for the Oratour often more briefly collects then the Logician .

III. Rhetorick is a speech dressed with certain allurements proper to please and Rhetorica scientia est ornatè , distinctè , aptéque dicendi . C●l . Sec. Cur. Orat. De Rhet ▪ usu . Oratori propositum est quod est per suasibile , Poe ▪ ●ae admirabile , Historico verum . Stradae Prolas . Hist. 3. part. 2. perswade .

Tully saith , The absolute praise of an Oratour is three-fold , Docere , Delectare , Movere ; Docere debitum est , Delectare honorarium , permovere necessarium .

The great virtue of an Oration is perspicuity , Omnis oratio tres habet virtutes , ut emendata , ut dilucida * * Oratio cujus summa virtus est perspicuitas , quam sit vitiosa , si egeat interprete . Quintil. Institut. Orat. lib. 1. cap. 6. Rhetorica à 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 ve●ere Graeciae verbo , quod est fluo , vel dico , dicta esse videtur , quod sermonis ornatum & copiam quandam aurei fluminis instar polliceatur . Oratoriam artem Cicero & Quintilianus , duo hujusce artis lumina hanc dici posse docuerunt , eandem tamen ferè definientes , benè dicendi tum artem , tum facultatem , tum doctrinam , tum rationem vocitarunt . Nihil aliud est eloquentia , nisi cop●●sè loquens sapientia . Et benè dicere , non est ornatè tantum ▪ sed scienter & peritè , simul & ornatè dicere . Praeclarè enim , ut omnia , illud dixit Orator : Ex rerum cognitione efflor●scat & redundet oportet oratio : quae , nisi subest res ab Oratore percepta & cognita , inanem quandam habet elocutionem , & penè pu●rilem . Ut enim sine lumine corpora cernere non possumus , ita sine eloquentia nemo sensa & cogitationes suas in lucem apte proferre potest . Quod sol mundo hoc eloquentia caeteris doctrinis est , sine hac non artes modò aliae , sed res omnes , quae quidem sint dictione explicandae , in altissimo tenebrarum caligine versarentur . Cel. Sec. Cur. Orat. De ingenuis artibus . , ut ornata sit . Quintil. Instit. orat . l. 1. c. 5.

Nazianzene in one of his Orations saith , He affected Rhetorick so much , because he had some thing of value to esteem as nothing for Christ .

Nemo te , nisi tu , exprimere rectè valet .

None is able to set forth eloquence but it self . This hath immortalized Plato , Demosthenes , Cicero , Homer , Virgil , Herodotus , Thucydides , Livie , Salust .

Cùm Ciceronem dico , ipsam Romanam eloquentiam intelligere debetis . Cùm verò libros de oratore , opus in ea facultate putatote , quo opere nullum nec Graecia , nec Italia melius aut perfectius unquam habuit . Cael. Sec. Cur. Orat. de ingenuis artibus ▪ Vide ejus orat . De Rhetoricae usu .

Quintilian makes it a chief end and fruit of long pains and exercises in the Art Eloquentia maximè in liberis civitatibus floruit , velut Athenis & Romae , quod is certissimus esset gradus ad maximos honores ac potentiam . Ludov. Viv. de causis corrupt . art. lib 1. Menilius ve●ò incomparabilis tunc eloquentiae vir , & quod summae prudentiae fuit , iniquioris caussae nusquam defensor , tanto nativi sermonis candore , tanta sententiarum ubertate Patrum animos demulcebat , ut eos in quam optaret partem ferè flecteret ac impelleret . Seaev . Samarth . Elog. Gallorum doctrina illustrium . l. 2. of Rhetorick , to attain to such a faculty , as to be able also upon any sudden occasion to speak pertinently without any premeditation .

What an inchanting force hath Rhetorick ? One had need of the force of Demosthenes , or rather , that divine eloquence of Tully , to set forth the due praises of eloquence .

Pierius Valerianus observes in the 26 Book of his Hieroglyphicks , that sweet eloquence is signified by the Hieroglyphick of the Bee . Bees setled on Plato's lips when he was a childe sleeping in the Cradle , a presage of his future eloquence . The same is reported of Ambrose and Pindar .

The same Pierius in the 41 Chapter of his 20 Book of Hieroglyphicks saith , Wise men did put Syrens for the Hieroglyphick of Eloquence , and the perswading force of Rhetorick , whence that saying of Cato the Grammarian , Cato Grammaticus , Latina Syren .

CHAP. IV. Of the Mathematicks .

THe Mathematicks are so named , because they are not learned without a teacher . Ma●he●is à 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 disco , quod hanc prae reliquis pueri olim discebant . Explorandae eorum indolis & ingenii ergo . Ames . Technomet . Mathemata quod sine praece ▪ tore percipi nequeant , dicta sunt . Exinde scient 〈…〉 Mathematicae di 〈…〉 imitus solae discerentur , antequam animum adpellerent ad Philosophiam natur 〈…〉 el civile 〈…〉 Mathemat . Mathematicas disciplinas omnium accuratissimas & utilissimas multis 〈…〉 Plato in ●●h●laeo . Ideoque primas has artes apud Graecos , tanquam doctrinae quaedam rudimenta discebant 〈…〉 cer ad reliquas scientias aditum aperiunt ; Nam & ingenia acuunt eorumque solertiam augent , ad retum ▪ co 〈…〉 an t , & celeritatem quandam percipiendi conciliant . Et quoniam imitatione percipiuntur , aprae puerilibus animis qu● ea potissimum ducuntur . Ioan. à Wovver . De Polymathia . Tractat. cap. 23. Non solum in ●●m●h strationum certitudine & scientiae pulchritudine : sed & veritate multiplicique cognitionis copia reliqua artium genera longe an 〈…〉 disciplinae , adeò ut non immerito ob id Mathematicae , quasi solae disciplinarum nomine , ob excellentiam , dignae à veteribus appellatae sint . Tych. Brah. Orat. de Discipl . Mathem . Vide Ioannis Pellii Orat. inaugural .

When Alexander bad his Mathematick master make his lessons easier to him then in his ordinary way to others , he answered him well , The Mathematicks were alike difficult to all .

The ancient Philosophers taught their Pupils Mathematicks very soon , as appears by Aristotle and others , they confirming their Propositions by mathematical demonstrations , the knowledge whereof must be presupposed . See Tych. Brah. Orat. De Discip. Mat.

The Mathematicks are a most accurate and profitable study for the evidence and certainty of their demonstrations .

Abraham was famous for teaching the Mathematicks first among the Chaldeans , and after he taught the same A 〈…〉 as Historians write .

The old Mathematicians drew their proportions in dust with a Compass , the better to shew what they would . Tully cals it learned dust . De natura Deorum . Pers. Sat. 1.

Et secto in pulvere metas .

Archimedes was doing this when Siracuse was taken .

Princes and great persons have studied the Mathematicks , and those that study Viri nobiles , ac principes , qui non lucrandi , sed Philosophandi causa literis dant operam , Mathematicis maximè studiis delectantur . Inter quos celeberrimi extiterunt , ex antiquis quidem Archimedes Regum Siciliae consanguineus ; Boetius vir consularis ; Alphonsus Rex Hispaniarum : nostra vero aetate Marchio Guidobaldus , Princeps Ticho Brahe ; Franciscus Candalla , & alii complures , quorum monumenta in omne aevum permansura mundus mirabitur . Blancani Dissertat . De Natura Mathematicarum , cap. 3. them to purpose , had need to have some Princes or great persons to encourage them therein by their bounty , in respect of the chargeablenesse of their instruments , as Tycho Brahe somewhere saith .

Mathematicks are either Pure or Mixt :

To pure Mathematicks those Sciences are referred , which handle Quantity Qui Mathematicus audire cupit , non Arithmeticam modo & Geometriam ▪ quae Mathesin propriè dictam & ab omni materia abstractam constituunt , verum & Astronomiam Geographiam , Opticam , Mechanicam , & Staticam , Musicam , Geodaesiam & Architecturam militarem , probè calleat oportet . Hortenfii Dissertat . De studio Mathematico recte instituendo . altogether abstracted from matter ; and Physical axioms , they are two , Geometry and Arithmetique , the one handling continued Quantity , the other dissevered Quantity , or number .

To mixt Mathematicks Astronomy and Musick are usually referred , and the Opticks .

I. Arithmetique is an Art of numbring well . Arithmetica est doctrina bene numerandi . Rami. Arichm . l. 1. Arithmetica & Musica separatim magnitudinem , id est , numeros considerat . Geometria magnitudinem conjunctam , stabilem & immotam , Astronomia mobilem . Arithmetica merito prima , quae reliquis omnibus usui : ab ea & musica principia sumit . Nam ut Arithmetica proprieta●es numerorum absolute considerat : ita musica easdem in so●orum differentiis & proportionibus contemplatur . Ratio enim harmoniae quae est musicae , numeris & figuris constat . Harum auxiliis Geometria & Astronomia utuntur . Nam sine Arithmetica , Geometria subsistere non potest . Numerorum enim cognitio prior denotatione linearum . Et ex numeris lineae inventae , ex lineis figurae productae . Astronomia à Geometria lineas & figuras ad coelorum orbes , siderum conversiones considerandas , corporum coelestium intervalla colligenda , eorumque magnitudinem describendam adsumit . Ioan ▪ à Wovver . De Polymath . Tractat. c. 23. Arithmetica subtilior est quam Geometria . Quodcunque enim vel accipit vel probat Geometria per numeros dirigi potest ab iis enim pendet ●o●a magnitudinum consideratio Mathematicarum . At infinita procedent in numeris , quorum multa non potuerunt in magnitudinum natura comprehendi . Scalig. De Subtil ▪ ad Cardan . Exercit. 331. Denique si quid est , in quantitate subtilitatis , id omne ex numerorum ratione haustum est . Pender igitur Geometriae dispositio ab Arithmetici constitutione . Quae res apud neminom controversa est . Subtilior igitur haec , quae illius statuit principia , ac fundamenta . Id. ibid.

Pythagoras first brought it into an Art , thence the Pythagoreans did swear per numerum quaternarium , quò nihil apud eos videtur esse perfectius . For there are four Elements , Fire , Air , Water , Earth ; four times of the year , Spring , Autumn , Summer , Winter ; four qualities of all things ▪ Heat , Cold , Moisture , Drinesse , four Coasts of the Heaven ▪ East , West , North , South .

It is the first of the Mathematicks , and usefull to all the rest .

One should get some skill in the vulgar ▪ Arithmetique before he learn Geometry , and that either by a teacher , or by plain books , such as the Arithmetique of Gemma Frìfius , or Ramus with Snellius his Notes .

The principle of number is unity , as of magnitude punctum .

By this the Pythagoreans in times past covered the mysteries of all nature , and even of God himself , as if all things were agreeable to numbers .

The Phenicians write as all the Eastern Nations , from the right hand to the left : the reason why the outermost figure to the right hand in Arithmetique stands in the first place , they also being the inventers of that Science . George Sandys upon the 3d d Book of Ovids Metam . Quàm mirabile illud veluti scientiarum monstrum , ac portentum , quod Algebram vocant ? Nihil fortasse in tota peritiae Eucycopledia subtilius , profundius nihil , non humano ingenio par est , sed quid coelitus revelatum dixeris : numeros illos , quos surdos vocant , & qui nullo modo exprimi possont addit , subtrahit , multiplicat , dividit , perinde ac si numeri communes essent . Ii qui hanc callent eruditionem nihil in numerorum infinita ditione obscurum nihil arduum timeant . Blancani Dissertatio De natura Mathematicarum , cap. 4.

Some learned men speak much of the Algebra , as a famous invention in Arithmetique .

II. Geometry is an Art of measuring well .

The measures of things are taken from the parts of man , his finger , palm , foot , Geometria est ars bene metiendi , Rami Geomet . lib. 1. cap. 16. Geometria pars est Mathematicae scientiae , imò basis ac fundamentum , atque ut Philo scite loquitur , Metropolis omnium artium Mathematicarum . Nam ex ea , tanquam matrice civitate , derivatae sunt illae nobilissimae Coloniae , Optica , Astronomiae , caeterae ; ipsaque adeò Arithmetica , cujus subjectum est simplicissimum , & Geometrico simplicius , remotiúsque à materia , utpote carens situ , Geometriae adminiculo stat , câque nititur , quod admirabile cuipiam videatur , ad conclusiones suas demonstrandas . Etsi ex altera parte non negarim Geometriam quoque in irrationalium praesertim doctrina , lucem & praesidium ab Arithmetica mutuari . Savil ▪ Lect. 2. in Euclyd . Habet magnas utilitates Geometria , sed voluptates etiam partibus infinitis majores habet , quibusque fimile nihil in alia ulla disciplina reperie●u● : neque enim Grammaticus rhetor logicus , alioqui ettam ▪ physicus , & Ethicus invenit in arte sua novi laetitia elatus , immolasse diis memoratur . Thales Milesius cum trianguli in circulo inscriptionem invenisset bovem diis immolavit . Ram. Orat. De sua professione . Vide plura ibid. cubit .

A barly corn is the least measure ; the finger is the breadth of four barly corns ; the palm , four fingers ; the foot four palms . A cubit from the elbow to the end of the longest finger is a foot and an half .

From those measures ariseth the measure of a journey , a pace , a furlong ; a mile , a geometrical pace is five foot , a furlong 125 paces , a mile a thousand paces , eight furlongs .

Quatuor ex granis digitus componitur unus , Est quater in palmo digitus , quater in pede palmus , Quinque pedes passum faciunt , passus quoque centum Viginti quinque stadium da●t , sed miliare Octo dabunt stadia , duplatum dat tibi Leuca .

The Romans used a foot for their measure , as the Jews did a cubit .

Plato wrote in the door of his study , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , Let no man ignorant of Geometry enter in here .

Sir Henry Savill in his ninth Lecture upon Euclyde , saith , Ars est omnium sine controversia certissima , it is without controversie the most certain Art of all .

Tyc . Brahe in his Oration , De Disciplinis Mathematicis , shews , That divers Arts flow from Geometry , Astronomy , Opticks ; that of dialing , Geography , Architecture , and the Mechanicks ,

All with one consent ascribe the invention of Geometry to the Egyptians . For Geometriae olim in Aegypto & Graecia plurimi certatim incubuerunt Artifices : quorum singuli ad artis constitutionem aliquid contulerunt . Euclides Megarensis uno complexus volumine , artis elementa continuo ordine & magna solertia ita tradidit , ut à quovis mediocris ingenii acumine praedito non difficulter percipi possent . ●ych . Brah. Orat. De Discip. Math. Quaestio de quadratura circuli multa praeclara exercuit ingenia . Num quaestionis subtilitatem an ingenii humani imbecillitatem , in causa esse dicemus , quod seculis tot fuere desudatum in nodo solvendo , qui adhuc sit involutus . Vossius de Scient. Mathem . lib. 1. cap. 16. when the limits of their possessions were confounded by reason of the annual overflowing of Nilus , to restore these , the reason and way of measuring fields was invented , and so Geometry may seem to have drawn its first original from the Husbandmens measuring their grounds . Thales first brought Geometry out of Egypt into Greece ; Pythagoras amplified it . To whom many succeeded ; Euclide hath brought the Art to that perfection , that he hath cut off hope from all his posterity of enlarging it .

The great difficulty among Geometricians is about the quadrature of a circle , which some say , is not faisible .

III. Musick . This is either Vocal or Instrumental ; Some preferre the

Therpander Thebanus Musicus celeberrimus primus de musica scripsit . Bla●ca●i . Chronol. Clarorum Mathematicorum .

Musicae principia primum Pythagoras ad artem reduxit . Geneb Chron. l. 2.

Hic primus dicitur ex melleorum ictibus vocum diversa●um numeros , modes , inflexionesque perpendendo , Musicam artem divina quadam industria confecisse . Cytharam tradunt invenisse Orpheum , Fistulam Pan Arcadius primus inflavit . Ringelbergius De Ratione Studii . Quomodo different 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 ( quae tria Hebraeor●m instrumenta musica praecipua erant , & junguntur Nehemiae , Cap. xii . ) Iosephus optimè dicet , lib. 7. Antiq. cap. x. & è nostris Basilius , Chrysostomus , Hieronymus . Vossius . De vitiis Sermonis . l. 4 c. 14.

Vocall .

Mercer on the 4th of Genesis ver. 21. saith , Iubal was the inventer of Instrumental Musick .

Pythagoras Musicae theoricam ex Fabri malleis adinvenit . Blancani Chronologia Clarorum Mathemat . Pythagoras invented the Art of Musick from the Smiths hammers .

One seeing another playing excellently upon the Lute , said , He thought his soul was in his fingers .

Leur esprit●s ' ensuit au bout des doigts , saith Du Bartas . 1. Sept.

Pythagoras , Aristoxenus , Nicomachus , Philolaus , Alypius , Ptolomaus handled Musick professedly , Boetius , Martianus Capella , and venerable Bede , and Mersennus have written also of Musick .

IV. Astronomy . Astronomia dicitur 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , quia docet , qua lege moveantur ac reguntur astra . Vossius de Scient. Math. c. 28. Admiranda prorsus & divina Astronomia , subjecti nobilita●e cunctis prior , apta & necessaria omnibus in quibus ulla temporis ratio . Ioan à Wovver . De Polym . Tract . c. 25. In Astronomicis à doctrina Sphaerica initium faciat , legendo Institutiones Astronomicas Peuceri , Metii , Maestlini , Crugeri , & Commentaria Clavii in Sphaeram . Ioh. de Sacrobosco . Hortensii Dissertat . do studio Mathemat . recte instituendo .

The word signifies a Doctrine of the Laws or Rules of the measure and motion of the Stars .

The Subject of this Science is the Heavens with the Stars . Diodorus , Pliny and others say , that Atlas was therefore thought to sustain heaven with his shoulders , because he made a Sphere in which the whole heaven was represented .

It exceeds not only Arithmetique and Geometry , but all other Arts in this kinde . Nam & antiquitate & nobilitate ac cognitionis sublimita●e prae reliquis omnibus maximam sibi vendicat laudem . Tych. Brah ▪ Orat. De Discip. Mathem .

Peter Ramus in proaem . Mathem . complained , because we have not now Astronomy free from Hypotheses , and therefore easie , as the Egyptians and Babylonians had . But saith Gassendus ( Praefat. In Tychonis Brahaei vitam ) though some Hypotheses be more simple , and so more easie then others , yet Astronomy cannot consist without some .

Quod autem celeberrimus ille nostri aevi Philosophus Petrus Ramus existimarit , sine Hypothesibus per Logicas rationes Astronomiam constitui posse , caret fundamento , &c. Tycho Brahe Epist. Astronom . lib. 1. Christoph. Rothman . Vide plura ibid.

Thales Milesius was the first who studied the Stars , Gassendus ( in the Preface before-quoted , Quantum verò ad nos in ast●orum scientia pervenit , Hipparchus Rhodius , primus ejus parens censetur . Is enim fixarum loca diligenter observavit . Solisque & Lunae cursus per plurimos subsequentes annos designavit . Ac in caeterorum Planetarum ●o●iusque Coeli observationibus diligentissimus fuit . Hujus inventis & considerationibus Ptolomaeus Alexandrinus cum suis collatis , totam artem in certas Hypotheses , unaque in numeros redegit , & immortalem apud omnem posteritatem hinc merito sibi p●perit memoriam . Nostra vero ae●ate Nicolaus Copernicus , quem alterum Ptolomaeum non immeritò dixeris , admiranda ingenii solertia Hypothesibus aliter constitutis coelestium motum , scientiam ita restauravit , ut nemo ante ipsum exactiùs de syderum motibus sit philosophatus . Tych. Brah. O●at . De Discip. Mathem . Ex his duobus artificibus Ptolomaeo & Copernico , omnia illa quae nostra ae●ate , in astrorum revolutionibus , perspects & cognita habemus , constituta ac tradita sunt . Id. ibid. and their lives ) mentions Eudoxus , Hipparchus , Theon , Pappus , Alphraganus , Alphonsus King of Castile , Tycho Brahe , Copernicus , Peurbachius , and Regio-Montanus for famous Astronomers , Blanchinus , and Ptolomy , to which Gassendus himself ( the Professour of Astronomy now at Paris ) may deservedly be added .

V. Opticks . This is a Greek word . It is called Perspectivè in Latine , a barbarous Optices dignitatem cognoscimus ex nobilitate organi ejus , quod sunt oculi , praecipium cognitionis instrumentum : his enim omnem Philosophiam debemus . Etiam Opticae dignitatem ostendit objecti praestantia ; Cùm luce & coloribus , nihil sit melius vel jucandius . Vossius de scientiis Mat. c. 24 Unam Opticen video solam esse artem , quae caeterarum communis splendor dici possit , quae solis instar , reliquis lucem impertiat , rerum in naturae majestate abditarum nubem dispellat . Pena de usu optl●es . Vide Volat. Comment. Urban . l. 35. but significant word , Optica est ars bene videndi . The Opticks is an Art of seeing well .

Light and colour are visible by themselves , so it is said ; Light indeed is , but colours will not be visible in the dark .

We should examine and weigh the writings of the chief Astronomers by this Lesbian Rule .

Luceus was the first Inventer of the metal-Mines , and hence arose the common fable , that he also saw those things which were under the earth .

Pisanus was the Author of the common Perspective .

Alhazeus and Vitellio , and Pena on Euclide , and Peckam Archbishop of Canterbury have done best on the Opticks .

Galen skilfull in the Opticks as well as Physicks , gives this demonstration , why one and the same appears one to two eyes , Eadem est basis pyramidum sub radiis ab oculo missis comprehensarum .

There are perfect demonstrations in the Opticks ; as why a hollow glasse burns , because the Sun-beams reflected are there gathered together ; why a staff appears broken in the water , because it is seen by lines refracted , through a double medium of air and water .

CHAP. V. Of the Civil and Canon-Law .

THere are three main things in the Civil-Law , The Pandects , the Code ,

Jurisconsultorum Commentarios non passim sed parce admodum , & cum delectu admittebat , veluti Alciatum , Budaeum , Cuiacium , Duarenum , Goveanum , Augustinum , & caeteros qui jus civile in pristinam dignitatem restituerunt : alios ab his longum . Valere jusserat . Vita Ioannes Vincentii Pinelli , auctore Paulo Gualdo .

In Jure Canonico Conciliorum Decreta , Pa●tum dicta Pontificum descrip●a continentur , ex quo utpote à Pontifice confirmato , in judiciis Ecclesiasticis firma argumenta & certas decisiones peti Pontificum est opinio . Gerh. Confest . Cath. lib. 1. Gen. part. 2. cap. 14. Gratianus patria Clusinus , professione Monachus Benedictus , qui claruit tempore Eugenii ●ertii Pontificis & Conradi tertii Imperatoris Anno Domini 1145. scripsit . Decretum sine Concordiam discordantium Canonum , cui progressu temporis Decretales Gregorii , Bonifacii & aliorum . Pontificum sunt additae hoc Decretorum & Decretalium volumen vocatur . Jus Pontificium , quia autoritate Pontificis confirmatum de rebus Pontificiis , more Pontificio sive Papali & autoritativo disserit , & ad stabilendam Pontificis majestatem & autoritatem vel maxime est directum . Gerb. ibid. Compilatae sunt Decretales , perquendam Barchinonensem fle penna forti Raymundum , Natione Catalanum , Generalem Praedicatorum Magistrum , Capellanum & Poenitentiarium . Gregorii noni circa annum 1230.

and the Novellae Constitutiones .

1. The Pandects or Digests , containing Responsa prudentum , or the sayings of Lawyers , to which the Decree of Gratian in the Canon-Law composed out of the sentenc●s of the Councels and Fathers answers . 2. Codex , the Code , consisting only of the Decrees of the Emperours , to which the five Books of the Decretals answer in the Canon-Law , consisting of the Constitutions onely of the Pope of Rome . Malè actum est cum rebus humanis , cum ad Decreta accesserunt al● . 3. Novellae Constitutiones , viz. Imperatoria , put out after the Code , to which in the Canon-Law the sixth of the Decretals , the Clementines and Extravagants answer . See D. Duck of the Authority of the Civil-Law , l. 1. c. 4.

First , One should diligently reade the elements of the Civil-Law , comprehended in the four Books of Iustinians Institutions , Calvins Lexicon of the Law should be perused . Then we may go on to the Pandects and Code , on which there are many Commentaries . Cuiacius is an excellent Author .

It is called the Canon-Law by reason of the matter , because it contains Ecclesiastical Constitutions which they call Rules or Canons ; and by reason of the end , because it was collected and confirmed to that end , that it may prescribe a Rule of Ecclesiastical Government .

The Canon-Law contains

The Decree of Gratian for the most part collected out of the sentences of Fathers , and Decrees of Councels .

The Decretals of Gregory the ninth .

The sixth of the Decretals of Boniface the eighth .

The Clementines and Extravagants collected out of the Epistles and replies of the Popes .

Corpus Canonum à Gratiano Monacho consarcinatum ab Eugenio 111. Pontifice Rom. comprobatum & authoritate firmatum fuisse constat : qui ut in Academiis doceretur propéque Tribunali in Iudiciis reciperetur ( ut & postea factitatum est ) praecepit . Gentil . Apol. c. 1.

Lancelots Institutions are commended for the Canon-Law , as Minsinger on Iustinians Institutions for the Civil-Law .

In the Body of the Canon-Law the Canons are sometimes diametrially opposite one to the other .

Archidaconus , Panormitan , Innocentius , Rebuffus , were famous Canonists .

Of Philosophy .

It is either Natural or Moral , called Ethicks . Natural Philosophy De mundo , aut de iis quae sunt in mundo , quaerit . Pier Valer. Hierog . l. 38. c. 10.

Tully cals Philosophy in his Offices , Studium sapientiae ; in his Tusculanes , virtutis indagatricem , expultricemque vitiorum . Socrates , Plato , Aristoteles tres viri constituendae Philosophiae sine dubio divinitùs excitati . Casaub. Praefat. ad Theophrast . Charact.

How many several sorts of Philosophers are mentioned ? who were severed by their distinct Schools , of Academicks , Peripatetiques , Stoicks , Epicures , Pythagoreans , too numerous to be rehearsed . Of all which , see Desiderii Iacotii De Philosophorum doctrina libellum ex Cicerone . Philosophiae probè locatis fundamentis , fine quibus de Galeni sententia , nemo medicus bonus dici potest , sedulam medicis operam dedit . Melch. Adam . in vita Opsopaei .

Aristotle was the Prince of the Peripateticks , Zeno the chief of the Stoicks , Epicurus of the Epicureans , and Pythagoras of the Pythagoreans . Philosophiam optimè docebit Plato & Aristoteles , atque hujus Discipulus Theophrastus , tum utrinque mixtus Plotinus . Erasm. De Ratione Studii .

As the Grecians for the title of wise men , called themselves lovers of wisdome , that is , Philosophos , so also the Doctors of the Jews often were not called wise men , but Scholars of wise men , that is , studious of wisdome .

Ubi desinit Philosophus ibi incipit Medicus , ubi desinit Medicus ibi incipit Theologus .

Ethicks or Moral Philosophy . Nominatur Ethica à Graeca voce 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , id est , mos seu cōsuetudo , quia versatur circa hominum mores , quapropter & latine sciontia moralis appellatur . Definiri potest , Scientia practica humanarum actionum quatenus in illis honestas locum habere potest . Walaei compendium Ethicae Aristotel .

It is so called because it is conversant about the manners of men .

The adequate object of it are humane actions , not considered any way , but as honesty hath place in them , and as they are capable of vertue .

Dr Ames hath a Theological Disputation against it , and shews , that all Aristotles practical vertues are to be found in the Scripture .

Physick . The subject of it is mans body , the end health .

It is lawfull , it was before the promulgation of the Law , Gen. 50. 2.

The Poets brought in Apollo , as the chief god of Medicine , to whom they have assigned Aesculapius for his sonne . Christ was a Physician both of soul and body .

Omnibus est aliis Medicus praestantior unus . Is Homers verse .

Physical Institutions are a 〈…〉 llificium compounded out of the choisest flowers .

A long series of times ha 〈…〉 brought forth many famous Grecians , Physicians , some Latines , and some Arabians .

Among the Grecians , Hippocrates and Galen excelled .

Dioscordes also was a good Physician .

Amongst the Latine Physicians Cornelius Celsus was the first .

Of late Fernelius and Sennertus .

Amongst the Arabians , Avicenna * * Qui delectantur fusa & polydaedala varietate remediorum , Avicennam amplectantur : Cuncta enim hujus aevi remedia ex eo manant . Heurnii De studio medicinae bene Instituendo medit . Vide plura ibid. In plantis Hebraeis multùm debemus LXX interpretibus . Nam absque illis foret , & paucis Aquilae , Theodotionis , aliorumque fragmentis ; non video , quid certi statuere possimus de multis plantarum vocabulis , quae in veteri instrumento se offerunt . Vossius De vitiis Sermonis , lib. 1. cap. 28. , Rhazes , Averrhoes , Avenzoar , Mesue , Serapio , and Alsaharavius were chief . In Plants there is much difficulty . Vide Voss. De vitiis Sermonis l. 1. c. 28. Rondeletius , Matthiolus , Bellonius , Camerarius , Bauhinus , Spigelius , have done well about Herbs .

Alexandria of old , and Padua of late , is famous for the Profession of Amianus l. 22. pro omni experimento dictitat sufficere medico , si Alexandria se dixerit eruditum . Alexandrinam autem Academiam excepit nostras Patavina in hoc genere laudis , cum abundè constet , medicum apud nos docturam consecutum majoris fieri , quam alterum qui alibi . Pignor. Symb. Epist. Epist. 9. Physick .

Metaphysicks . This is called by some Theologia naturalis . Si quid tamen laudis Metaphysicae sit tribuendum , illud erit , quod inanes quosdam portentosarum distinctionum fumos invexerit , ad obscurandam simplicem veritatem . Ames . Disputat . Theol. advorsus Ethicam .

It is the highest part of all Philosophy from the subject of it , because it treats De causa altissima .

Dr Ames hath a Theological Disputation against Metaphysicks , and saith , it is but an imaginary science .

Mr Baxter in his Reply to Mr Kendall , saith he hath above thirty Tracts of Metaphysicks by him , and seems to value Suarez , Schibler and Burgersdici●s before all the rest .

History .

Historia est testis temporum , nuncia vetustatis , lux veritatis , vita memoriae , Magistra vitae , Cic. 2 do de Oratore . See of the Etymology of History and the difference between History and Annals in Vossius his Ars Historica , cap. 1. Annales tantummodo referunt , quid quoque anno gestum sit , Historia eti●m addit , quo consilio ac ratione , Strad . l. 2. prolus. 2. Hist. exercit . 10. parte 1a Sect. 7. Vide Spanhem ▪ censuram Dub. Evangel ▪ parte 2 da Dub. 2. p. 63.

Historia est rerum , publicè gestarum , diffusa & continuata narratio . Muretus .

The end of it is double , profit and pleasure .

Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci.

Ferdinand King of Sicily , and Alphonsus King of Spain , recovered their health by reading of History , the first by reading Livy , the second by reading Q. Curtius .

Some have observed , that the being versed in Books of History makes men wiser then in those of Policy , for that those furnish us with instances as well as rules , and as it were personate the rule , and draw it out more into the full lineaments . Mr Herles Morall prudence ch. 19.

History is either 1. Ecclesiasticall , which handleth Church matters , and is for its Antiquity and Dignity to have the precedence . Vide Sixt. Senens . in Praefat. ad Lectorem in Bibliotheca Sancta .

Or 2. Politicall , which handleth civil matters , in Kingdoms , States or Commonweals .

Just or perfect History is of three kindes , according to the nature of the object which it propounds to represent ; for it either represents a portion of time , or some memorable Person , or some famous Act. The first we call Chronicles or Annals ; the second Lives ; the third Relations . Of these Chronicles seem to excell , for celebrity and name : Lives for profit and examples : Relations for sincerity and verity . Sr Francis Bac. Advancem . of Learn . l. 2. c. 7.

The History of Times is either universall or particular : This comprehends Semper laudata fuit historia : quae singularia facta a●que res gestas nobis ostendens , cujuscunque temporis ac secuii exempla suppeditat : Nec unius regionis cancellis constringitur ; sed quam la●è terrarum termini extenduntur , expatiatur . Verum enimverò cum varia sint historiarum genera nullum huic praeferendum videtur , quo quis ea pretexit , quae multis , longeque ac late dissitis regionibus perlustratis , maximè notatu digna scripto consignans , lectores ne latum quidem unguem progressos per longinquas regiones deducit . Hujusmodi historiae itineraria audiunt : quae bona fide contexta hac prae reliquis praerogativa gaudent , quod majorem fidem mereantur , adeoque lectorem certiorem reddant , utpote quae ex 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 res gestas , casus ac eventa ena●rent . Constantini L'●mpereur Epist. Dedicat. Ad Itinnerarium D. Benjaminis . the affairs of some Kingdom , or State , or Nation : That the affairs of the world .

Amongst Histories Itineraries have the preheminence , when one shall faithfully relate the most memorable things he hath observed by travelling into many and strange Countries : And amongst Itineraries , that of R. Benjamin a Jew hath been very much esteemed by many , ( saith Constantine L'Empereur ) because he did not only travell over Europe and Africa , but professeth that he entred into the most inward and extream regions of Asia , where he witnesseth that he saw rare things and yet unknown to our world : and therefore his little book abundantly affords examples of very many things , so that it cannot but be read with delight .

The first Law given to an Historian ( saith Tully de Oratore ) is Nequid falsi dicere audeat : deinde nequid veri non audeat ; ne qua suspicio gratiae sit in scribendo , ne qua simultatis .

The composing of a History consists in things and words : for things he must have respect to the order of time and the description of places , the manners , lives , counsels , sayings , deeds and events of men ; for words , the kinde of speech must not be large , yet adorned with a pure and famous brevity .

T. Livius in the opinion of all Learned men is the Prince of Latine History , A Catalogue of some of the chiefest Historians . there are only two books of Salusts . Caesars Commentaries contain famous things but done in a few years . Trogus Pompeius who composed the Greek Histories and those of the whole world in Latine , and in fourty four Volumes hath In Historia apud Graecos floruit Thucydides ▪ Herodotus , Theopompus . Apud nos T. Livi●s , rispus Salustius , & plerique alii , Polyd Verg. De Invent. Rerum , lib. 1. cap. 12. written the affairs of all ages , Kings , Nations and people , is wholly lost , but that we have in Iustin a short little body as it were of the flowers of it . Suetonius , Tacitus , Q. Curtius , are good Historians , and many later then them , Orosius , Paulus Diaconus , Eutropius , and others of later time , yet Blondus , Antoninus , Sabellicus , Cellenutius , Machiavell , Aretinus , Platina , Carius , Simoneta , Capreolus , Merula , and those yet later , Paulus Iovius , Sleiden , Guicchardine , the last being the best Historian .

The best Greek Historians ( although some of them be imperfect ) are Herodotus , Thucydides , Xenophon , Polybius , Dionysius Halicarnasseus , Dion , Eusebius , and others . Vossius hath written an excellent book , De Historicis Graecis & Latinis . There are severall Writers joyned together in two Volumes who have written de Historia . Bodins Methodus Historica . Patritii de Historia Dialogi ▪ Pontani de Historia Dialogus . Balduinus de Institutione Historiae universae , & ejus cum Juris prudentia conjunctione . Viperanus & Robertellus de Scribenda Historia . Dionisii Halicarnassei de Thucydidis Historia Judicium . Ubertas Felieta de Ratione Scribendae Historiae & de Similitudine Normae Polibianae . David Chytraeus de Lectione Historiarum recte Instituenda . Lucianus de Scribenda Historia . Simon Grinoeus de Utilitate Legendae Historiae ▪ Christophorus Milaeus de Scribenda Universitatis re●um Historia . Caelius Secundus Curio de Historia Legenda . Christ Pezel . de Argumento Historiarum . Theodorus Zuingerus & Ioan. Sambutus de Historia . Ioannis Thomae Fre●gii Historiae Synopsis .

Chronology and Topography are the two eyes of History .

In Chronology .

Epocha est certum atque illustre principium temporis , à quo reliqui anni numerantur .

Epocha autem dicitur à Graeco verbo 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , i. e. retinere , & inhibere : quia est temporis quaedam retentio & inhibitio , quâ tanquam certo fixóque signo Historiae continentur . Apellantur etiam Aera quae vox ab Hispanis primum inventa & usurpata est , qui temporum computationes ab anno 16 Augusti Caesaris ordiri solebant . Incerti Auctoris epitome Praecognitorum Historicorum .

The Epochae are to be observed .

The Epochae are two fold .

1. Ecclesiasticall , which are noted in the Scriptures and Ecclesiasticall Histories ; of which eleven as more famous are mentioned , from the beginning of the world , the Flood , the building of the Tower of Babel , Abrahams peregrination , the departure of the Israelites out of Egypt , the year of Sabbath , the year of Jubilee , Solomons Temple , the Babylonish Captivity , Daniels Seventies , the birth of Christ . The Christian Aera , that is , the way of numbering times from Christ being born , although it be most laudable , yet began lately , and hath not been long used in designing publick or private affairs . Helvic . in System . Chron. 2. Politicall , which are observed in prophane Histories , and are used in civil affairs .

Of these some most famous are ,

1. Of the Olympiads : which is of the Grecians . Olympias est spacium quinque annorum à Latinis Lustrum dictum , in the beginning of the fifth year the Olympian games were wont to be celebrated , with great concourse of all Greece , so called from Olympia a City in Thessaly , in which those sports were exercised .

This is the noblest computation of time among the Heathens .

2. Epocha urbis conditae , id est , Romae . 3. Est C. Iulii Caesaris , from whence the Roman Emperours are numbred .

Aera , pro quo & Era , dicitur pro Epocha , sive supputationis initio . In Gothicarum , ac Hispanicarum rerum scriptoribus , plurimisque conciliis , est crebrum , atque ab eo tempore inchoat , quo Hispani , jussu Augusti recepere formam anni Iuliani ; quod Cosmographiam brevissimè tradit Pomponius mela , doctissime P●olimaeus , diligentissime , Plinius Eras. de Ratione Studii . Strabo Eruditissimè ac fusè orbis situm , cujus magnam partem peragraverat , descripsit . Blancani Chronol. Mathem . factum XXXVIII . annis ante natum Iesum Christum ex vulgari aera Christi . Vossius de vitiis Sermonis , l. 3. c. 1.

2. Topography , the description of some certain place .

Of Poetry .

It is referred to the imagination , and is a kinde of Learning in words restrained ; Vide Fulleri Miscel. Sac. l. 1. c. 20. & Spec. Arab. Iohan. Fabric . p. 170. ad 178. Eras. Epist. l. 9. Epist. 120. in matter loose .

It is an art of deceit , which measureth expressions , not by the truth of the subject , but by the strength of imagination working upon it .

It principally serves for venting extraordinary affections .

Poetry is the quintessence or rather the luxury of Learning .

The Originall of this Art is very ancient , and ( as Euseb. l. 2. de praeparat . Evang. ) first flourished with the most ancient Hebrews , who were long before the Poets of the Grecians . Moses made an exhameter Verse , wherein he gave thanks to God for their deliverance at the red Sea . David composed many Hymns . Quid Deutoronomii & Esaiae cantico palchrius ? Quid Solomone gravius ? Quid perfectius Iob ? quae omnia hexametris & pentametris versibus apud suos composita decurrunt , Polyd. Verg. de Invent. Rerum . l. 1. c. 8. Orphe●s ( saith Porphyrius ) first illustrated this Art , then Homer and Hesiod .

It is taken in a double sense , as it respects words , and so it is a kinde of character of speech ; for verse is a kinde of style and form of elocution , and pertains not to matter ; for a true narration may be composed in verse ; and a faigned in Prose .

Or as it respects matter , so it is imitation of History at pleasure .

It is either Narrative , or Representative , or Allusive . Sir Fran. Bac. Advanc . of Learn . l. 2. c. 13. Poetica ars multis mehercle de causis , reliquas antecellit disciplinas , vel quia homines nullam penè artem assequi possunt , nisi in illam diu incubuerint , ut quod scientias fere , ut Strabo in primo Geographiae adversus Eratosthenem pulchrè demonstrat , in se continet omnes : vel demum quod ex omnibus artibus , quae ab humani excellentia proficiscuntur , sola poetica divino furore percipitur . Nā poetae furore affi●●i res omni admiratione & stupore dignas canunt , tuncque veri vates sunt , cum ins●niunt . Polyd. Verg. de Rer. In● . l. 1. c. 8.

Narrative is a meer imitation of History , but that often it extols matters above belief .

Dramaticall or Representative , is , as it were , a visible History , it sets out the Image of things , as if they were present : History , as if they were past .

Parabolicall or Allusive is History with the Type , which brings down the Images of the understanding to the objects of sense .

Because neither our senses are moved with extraordinary effects of Gods power , Poets were the first Priests , Prophets , Legislators and Polititians , the first Philosophers , Astronomers , Historiographers , Orators and Musicians in the world . nor our mindes bent to observe the waies of his wisdom , so as we might be stricken with true admiration of them , we have fewer good sacred Poems , then of any other kinde . But as the Ancients chief learning did consist of Poetry , so the excellency of their Poetry was chiefly seen in the proper and native subject of this faculty , that is , in matters of sacred use or observation . Whence the title of Vates did descend to secular or prophane Poets , which retained the number and manner of speech used by the former . The Book of Psalms , Iob , and the Songs of Moses , are the only pattern of true Poesie . Dr Iacksons Comment upon the Apost. Creed , Vol. 1. c. 14.

The Greek and Latine Poesie was by verse numerous and metricall , running Metri origo à Deo optimo maximo est ; qui hunc terrarum orbem , & omnia ab eo contenta , certa ratione quasi metro disposuit : harmoniam enim , ut Pythagoras docuit , in Caelestibus terrenisque rebus nemo hercle esse dubitat . Nam quo pacto mundus consisteret , nisi certa ratione & numeris praefinitis ageretur ? Omnia quoque instrumenta quibus utimur , mensura quadam , id est , metro fiunt . Quôd si hoc in caeteris rebus accidit , quanto magis in oratione , quae cunctas complectitur ? Polyd. Verg. de Invent. Rerum , l. 1. 6. 9. Mirus gentium consensus in poëseos rhythmicae , itan vocant , amore . Nam omnes ferè populi Europae , Asiae , Africae , ab aliquot retro seculis non alios praeter istos versus norunt . Casaub. ad Pers. Sat. 1. upon pleasant feet , sometimes swift , sometime slow , ( their words very aptly serving for that purpose ) but without any rime or tunable concord in the end of their verses , as we and all other Nations now use . But the Hebrews and Chaldees , who were more ancient then the Greeks , did not only use a metricall Poesie , but also with the same a manner of rime , as hath been of late observed by Learned men . Our manner of vulgar Poesie is more ancient then the artificiall of the Greeks and Latines , ours coming by instinct of nature , which was before Art and observation , and used by the wilde and savage people , who were before all Science or Civility ▪

In the time of Charlemaine and many years after him the Latine Poets wrote in rime .

The School of Salerne dedicated their book of Medicinall rules unto our King of England , beginning thus ,

Anglorum Regi scribit schola tota Salerni Si vis incolumem , si vis te reddere sanum Curas telle graves , irasci crede prophanum Nec retine ventrem , nec string as fortiter anum . All the rest go on in the same way , well to the purpose of their Art . One wrote these verses against the whole rable of Monks , O Monachi vestri stomachi sunt amphora Bacchi , Vos estis Deus est testis turpissima pestis .

Hugobald the Monk made a large Poem to the honour of Carolus Calvus , every word beginning with C , which was the first letter of the Kings name thus ,

Carmina Clarisonae Caluis Cantate Camenae .

There were

1. Heroick Poets , such as wrote long Histories of the noble acts of Metrorum plura sunt genera , quae auctore Servio , vel à rebus quae describuntur , nomina accepere , ut heroicum , quod hexametrum : licet Moses primus usurpaverit , tamen quia Homerus , & caeteri qui deinceps secuti sunt , heroum res gestas hoc carmine scriptitarunt , heroicum nominatum est . Polyd. Verg. de Invent. Rerum , l. 1. c 9. Vide plura ibid. Kings and great Princes , and the great matters of peace and warre , whereof Homer was chief and most ancient among the Greeks , Virgil among the Latines . 2. Lyrique Poets ; quòd eorum ferè carmina ad sonum Citharae recitarentur . They delighted to write songs of pleasure , of which sort was Pindar . Anacreon and Callimachus , with others among the Greeks : Horace and Catullus among the Latines . 3. Elegiack , who wrote in a certain pitious verse called Elegy ; such among the Latines were Ovid , Tibullus , and Propertius . 4. There were Comicall Poets who wrote Enterludes to recreate the people with matters of disport , of whom among the Greeks , Menander and Aristophanes Vide Polyd. Vergil . De Invent. Rerum l. 1. c. 10 , & 11. In Tragaedia praecipue spectandi affectus , & quidem ferè ▪ acriores illi . In Comaedia cum primis observandum est decorum , & vitae communis imitatio , assectus sint mitiores , & jucundi magis quam acres . Eras. da Ratione Studii . In Epigrammatis arguta brevitas laudatur . Id. ibid. were most excellent ; with the Latines , Terence and Plautus ▪ and also Tragicall , who set forth the dolefull fals of unfortunate and afflicted Princes , such were Aeschyius , Euripides and Sophocles with the Greeks ; Seneca among the Latines . Satyricall , who taxed the vices of the people in bitter speeches , such were Lucilius , Iuvenall and Persius among the Latines . Others were given wholly to scoffing at undecent things , and in short Poems uttered pretty merry conceits , and these were called Epigrammatists , as Martiall .

Poets are drawn with a desire of glory , and are greedy of praise .

Nec petitur sacris nisi tantum fama Poetis .

There are Deliciae Poetarum , where the famous Italian , French , German and There are also Flores Poetarum , at the end of which is a defence of the Poets . Scotch Poets are mentioned .

Chytraeus hath this Epigram ,

In tres Petros Poetas . Carmine quid possint Itali , & cum Teutone Galli , Horace hath written de ●●●e Poetica , and ●ossi●● de Poe●i● Graecis & Latinis , and Sir Philip Sidnie in English of Poetry ▪ Scire cupis ternos aspice quaeso Petros Italiae Angelium , Ronsardum Gallia , suave Lorichii ingenium Te●tonis ●ra tulit ▪

Of Painting .

Painting is silent Poetry , and Poetry a speaking Picture . Pictura muta poesis , poesis loquens pictura . Aristot. Rhet. l. 3. Scripturam picturam esse arguunt verba Graeca & Latina , quia 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 tam picturam significat quàm scripturam , & literae à ●ino , unde lineae . Bibliander de Ratione communi omnium Linguarum , c. 6. Pictura a co magno in honore apud veteres homines fuit , ut cum caeteros ferme omnes artifices ●●b●●s nuncupatent , solum pictorem huic nuncupationi eximerent , ut innuit Leo Baptista Albertus l. 11. de Pictura . Qui etiam addit omnium artium florem illam esse , nec sanè immerito mea sententia , quippè quae venustatem colorum , & lucis ignem una exprimat , assectus omnes representet , defunctorum memoriae consu●at , caeli conversiones , ter●ae vices , dici & noctis partes , Artes acumina apicesque , Divinitatem ipsum ( quantum licet allequl cogitatione ) subjiciat penicillo . Et hinc factum est , ut Graeci politissimi hominum caverent edicto ne servi pingerent , quod nobilissimam artem servili manu & ingenio pollui pertimescerent . Neque defuerunt viri accurati & eloquentes , qui Historiam pictorum pertexerent , veluti Aristodemus Car , testè Philostruto in Iconibus , & Pol●mon apud Athenaeum lib. 11. Pignor. Symb. Epist. Ep. 42. Vide plura ibid.

Of the first Inventer of it , See Polyd. Verg. de Invent. Rerum , l. 2. c. 24.

Zeuxis , Appelles , Lysippus , Parrhasius , Praxiteles , Phidias , were famous Painters .

Two Artificers contended for the mastery in their Art and faculty , the a a Zeuxis . first drawing Grapes so lively that he couzened the birds , the b b Parrhasius . other a Vail so exquisitely that he couzened the Artificer himself .

Of Navigation . Ars nautica Iohannes Gira Amalphensis invenit miram illam magnetis proprietatem , quae ad polum semper convertitur : Unde maxima rei nauticae utilitas , & accessio facta est . Bla●oani Chronol. clarorum Mathem . Hoc certum est , omnibus hodie gentibus navigandi industria & peritia superiores esse Anglos , post Anglos , Belgas , & inter hos Flandr●s , Hollandos , Zelan●●s . Keckermanni Problemata Nautica .

This Art is much perfected since Salomons time .

Prima dedit nautis usum magnetis Amalphis .

Iohn Tapp hath written of the Art of Navigation : and St Thomas Rives hath written Historiam Navalem in two parts .

The vertue of the Loadstone is certainly wonderfull , unknown to Aristotle and Usus magnetis , & nauticae acus co tactae , atque pixidis . Magneti vim inesse ut acum ipso tactam , ad polum Articum dirigat , ig notum omninò priscis omnibus . Crak . log . l. 4. c. 9. Tanta est illius vis , ut non immeritò à magnis viribus nomen habeat magnetis , quare etiam Herculeus à multis appellatur , etsi à Magnere quodam illius inventore sic appellatum putet Plinius , à magnesia verò regione nomen ejus ded●cat Lucretius . A ferro autem quod domat , & sibi obsequens facit , sidetiris meritò vocatur . Id ib. Pl●ny , and all the Ancients , which vertue thus now being known and understood , Navigation through and about the whole world was made easie and happy .

Sir Francis Bacon in his first book of the Advancement of Learning , lib. 1 cap. 4. saith , The Sciences which hold more of the Fancy and of Belief , then of Reason and Demonstration , are chiefly three , Astrology , naturall Magick and Alchimy .

I. For Astrology . Nam veteres omnes , ut hoc obiter moneam tyrones , Astronomia & Astrologia utuntur ut Synonimis . Plato ferè Astronomiae vocabulo utitur , Aristoteles Astrologiae , per archaismum prisco & obsoleto more , ut vult Simplicius ad libros de caelo . Saul . sect. 2 d. in E●clid .

Though the Ancients generally confounded Astronomy and Astrology , yet they are to be distinguished , as the very Greek words shew .

The Scripture , Psal. 19. commending the Sunne and the Starry Heavens for Mr Burgesse his Treatise of Sin . Serm. 14. all its proper uses and ends that we should make of them , saith not the least word of Judiciall Astrology , or foretelling future events in the world , by them : whereas if that were true which is said , that God by the Heavens as by a Book , hath revealed what he would do , it would have commended the study of the Heavens Insectatur hoc loco Propheta Iesaias ex ore Del , omnes Divinos , Ariolos , Aruspices , Astrolog●s , augures , Genethliac●● , Mathematicos , Planetarios , Pythones , denique omnes qui artem futura & abdita divinandi profitentur , sicut Orientales solebant . Omnibus enim iis atque aliis multis nominibus fuerunt hujusce divinatores , variis temporibus appellati : olim Chaldaei & Orientales , & Genethliaci : Augustim temporibus , Mathematici & Planetarii : nunc passim Astrologi vocantur & Neoromantici . Zanch. de Divinatione in 6. v. c. 2. Jes. Vide Dilher . Disputat . Acad. Tom. 1. p. 152. in Ier. 10. 2. & Cl. Gatak , nostrum in eundem textum . & libellos ejus duos , in defensione ejusdem textus , contra Lilium . & Fulleri Miscel. Sac. l. 1. & Zanch. de Divinat . c. 16. Rogas quod de Astrologia judiciaria sentiam , de qua jampridem magna est inter doctos & pios homines controversis , quibusdam nihil prorsus el tribuentibus : quibusdam verò non secus illi tribuentibus omnia , quam si syderibus esset omnis in universum mundum attributa potestas : aliis denique mediam viam seq●utis , ita viz. ut ei neque adima●tur omnia , neque tribuantur : quorum sententiam amplecti me profiteor , sed ita ut in ipsius rei explicatione nonnihil à nonnullis dissentiam . Bez Epist. 29. for this end to all ; for if God have manifested his will by it , then certainly he would have commanded us to search for it there , as he doth command us to finde out his will in the Scripture . But the Scripture is so farre from commending such a study , that it expresly forbids it as a grievous sinne , Deut. 18. 10 , 14. Isa. 2. 6. & 41. 23. & 44. 25. & 47. ●2 . I●● . 10. 2. Eccles. 10. 14. And that Judiciall Astrology is a vanity , appeareth by this reason ; They undertake to foretell contingencies for the most part , from the position of the seven Planets : Now there being so vast a number of fixed Stars , which have influence in earthly things in some proportion as well as the Planets , how is it possible that they should foretell any certain truth ?

One in Basill by his calculation noted a certain day which he mistrusted should be fatall unto him , by some thing which should at that time befall him . Whereupon he determined with himself all that day to keep him sure and safe within his chamber , where he reaching up his hand to take down a Book , the Book falling Foxes Act. and Monum . down upon his head gave him his deaths wound , and shortly after he died upon the same .

Tycho Brahe in his Oration de Disciplinis Mathematicis , doth plead somewhat Praedictiones Astrologicae non solum à vulgo , quod omnes Artes aequali odio prosequitur : sed à quibusdam etiam eruditis hominibus in dubium vocantur : quamvis sola Artis ignorantia eos excusare possit . Pergunt enim Arti contradicere , cujus principia sum●●s labris non degustarunt , & cum in aliqua cognitione excellunt , de omnibus aliis rebus quamvis ab ea cognitione longè dissitis , sibi judicium arrogant . Solus Picus Mirandula Astrologiae gnarus eam ex propriis Apo●elesmatis c●●vellere aggressus est . Sed hujus objectionibus Lucius Bellonius erudito scripto jamdudum respondit . Et ipse Picas mortuus anno aetatis 33 , quem tres Astrologi illi fatalem ex directione ascendentis ad corpus martis praedixerant , Astrorum efficaciam , quam infringere voluit , nimis certo eventu , proprio interitu comprobarit . Tych. Brah. Orat. de Discipl . Mathem for Astrology .

But Gassendus de Doctrina Epicuri , hath a Diatribe against Judiciall Astrology , and cals it ridiculous .

Sixtus ab Hemminga wrote a Book against those which profess Astrology , which he entitled , Astrologia ratione & experientia refutata liber . He shews there , that all the promises which Astronomers make of future events are vain , and that evidently in the genitures of thirty famous persons , which Suffridus Petrus de Scriptoribus Frisiae reckons up .

Another kinde of Divination is Physiognomy .

If I say a sanguineous man is prone to lust , that is a true judgement , this is properly Ipsa nominis notatio significat Philosophis scientiam illam , quâ vel c● totius corporis , vel alterius partis corporis aspectu , de hominis natura & ingenio judicamus . Zanch. de Divinat . per sortes . Physiognomy , but if thou saiest , he is actually lustfull , that is a rash judgement , for by reason or the grace of God he may restrain that , as the story of Socrates is known .

A certain kind of Physiognomy is called Chiromancy or Palmestry , which is a Chiromantia quid sit , ipsius nominis notatio indicat : Divinatio est , quae fit ex manuum inspectione . In S. literis , ne verbum quidem ullum de Chiromantia habemus . Dico ex manuum inspectione verè & certè cognosci posse cùm corporis constitutionem , tum multorum affectuum propensionem . Quoniam signa quae sunt in manu , ut illa lineamenta , inter quae numeratur & linea vitalis ab Aristotele & medicis , connexionem quandam certam & necessariam habent cum corporis constitutione , & affectuum propensione . Actuales verò mores , aut futuras contingentes actiones ac dignitates , verè ac certè praesentiri ac praediti posse ex manuum inspectione , inficio● . Quoniam lineamenta manus seu vitae , nullam certam aut necessariam cum actualibus moribus , aut futuris actionibus connexionem habeat . Zanch. de Divinat . divination by inspection of the lines in the hand ,

— Frontemque manumque praebebit vati . Juv. Sat. 1.

Aristotle in his singular book of Physiognomy hath made no mention of Chiromancy , yet I beleeve the Egyptians , who were addicted to those abstruse and mysticall sciences had a knowledge therein , to which those vagabond and counterfeit Egyptians did after pretend , and perhaps retained a few corrupted principles , which sometimes might verifie their prognosticks . Dr Brown . Religio Medici .

See of them Camerar . Histor. Meditat. l. 1. c. 17.

II. Of Natural Magick . Magicarum artium usum inde coepisse inter homines existimo , quod Diabolus secutus exemplum consuetudinis & colloquiorum Dei , cum sanctis Patribus , eodem modo alias alia specie sese exhibuit hominibus , ut hujus imitationis & colloquiorum occasione se facilius insinuaret , & à verbe Dei aversos animos , ad petendas à se , & expectandas declarationes , admonitiones , patefactiones , & alia hujus generis assuefaceret . G●sp . Peuc . De Divinat ▪ generibus , p. 309. Magi , vox , ut multis videtur P●rsica , quae licet jam infamis , primo tamen honori fuit ▪ & vel Philosophum , vel ut vult Appuleius sacerdotem significabat . Ouzel . animad vers . ad Minut. Felic . octav . Vide Dilher . Disp. Acad. Tom. 2. p. 184.

Some distinguish between Natural , Artificial and Diabolical , though others dislike them all .

Zoroaster is said first to invent this Art of Magick . Vide Aug. De Civ . Dei . l. 21. c. 14. & Polyd. Verg. De Invent. Rerum . l. 1. c. 22.

Magick flourished especially among the Persians .

One saith , Magia est ars impetrandi à Diabolo quicquid ipsi praescripseris . Magick is an Art of obtaining of the Devil whatsoever thou shalt command him . As Christianity is an Art of obtaining from God what is profitable , so Magick is an Art of obtaining from the Devil what thou shalt command him . For the Devil is the Author and worker of those things which the Magicians work ; though one saith , The Art is but Naturalis Philosophiae absoluta consummatio , the absolute perfection of natural Philosophy .

Plinie speaketh of Moses his Myracles , though he do ill in calling him a Magician , for , 1. what likenesse is there between the illusions of a Magician , which vanish away in the twinkling of an eye , and the leading of a mighty great Nation Jannes and Jambres Magicians resisted Moses , 2 Tim. 3. 8. through the Sea , and which is more , the maintaining of them from hunger and thirst so long a time . There is no Law in the world doth so expresly forbid Magick as doth the Law of Moses , as if the Law would thereby purposely prevent this slander .

Benno the Cardinal in the life of Hildebrand relates , that five Popes Sylvester Diabolicis artibus Sylvester tertius Pontifex ●vasit . De quo Stella devitis Pont. in Sylv. III. Platina aliique . Romanus Pontifex , Diabolo adjuvante , constitutus , hac tamen lege ; ut post obitum , totus illius , & in anima , & in corpore , esset . Gomarus Disp. 21. De Antichristo . the 3d d , Benedictus the 9th , Iohn the 20. and 21 , Gregory the 7th , did wholly give themselves to the Devil that they might be Popes .

He hath a notable story there of Hildebrand , about his carring a book of Necromancy still with him .

Libels , or Libri famosi are to be forbidden , blasphemous books to be abolisht , but Magical books are to be burnt , Act. 19. 19.

Alchimy an Art full of errours and vanity * * Sir Francis Bac. Advanc of Learning , lib. 1. cap. 4. Ars Chymica ars falsi 〈…〉 a & fall 〈…〉 issi 〈…〉 Habent ejus artis multa opuscula à doctis viris conscripta , inter quos priorem locum habe● Ge●er . Habent & 〈…〉 ium quendam autorem , qui de hac arte ingens edidit volumen , inscriptum Attogrehi : Hic Bagadedae ▪ p 〈…〉 pi à secre●is fuit . Neand. Geog. partea . yet this right is due to it , that it Chymistae vocantur , qui vi ignis corpo●a he●erogenea solvere , homogenia coagulare norunt . Quia Aegyptum sacra lingua à sacerdotibus Che●iam vocatam scribit Plutarchus : Videri potest , artem istam jam inde ab Hermete Trismegisto , sacerdotibu 〈…〉 , ad perpetuam octus lui memoriam , Chemiae , quasi Aegyptiae nomen traxisse , quam postea Arabes , ab Aegyptii 〈…〉 , excoluerunt , & unà cum Philosophia Graecanica sensim Europoeo orbi communicarunt , àrticulo linguae suae familiari auctiorem Alchimi●m appellantes . Hanc Theo●hrastu● Paracel●●s , vir in hoc 〈…〉 ere 〈…〉 ●sque excellens , Spagiricam nuncupavit : non inep●a , ut videtur originatione : quando 〈…〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , in extrahendo sive separando & congregando sive coagulando tota occupatur 〈…〉 Adam . in 〈…〉 ita Paracelsi . may truly be compared to the Husbandman , whereof Aesop makes the Fable , That when he died , told his sonnes he had left unto them a great masse of gold buried under ground in his vineyard , but did not remember the particular place where it was hidden ; Who when they had with spades turn'd up all the vineyard , they found no gold ; but by reason of their stirring and digging the mold about the roots of their Vines , they had a great vintage the year following : so the painfull search and stirre of Alchymists to make gold , hath brought to light a great number of good and fruitfull experiments , as well for the disclosing of nature , as the use of mans life .

The Alchymists or Chymicks too much extoll their spirits . Prudenti●●ime cuidam de suis spiritibus glorianti , respondisse fertur Angliae Regina Elizabetha ; si spiritus puri essemus , solis quoque spiritibus curari & nutriri possemus . Sennert . lib. de Chymic . cap. 10.

The chiefest Chymicks among the Ancients , Tycho Brah● ( who was given to the study also himself ) reckons up to be these , Hermes Tresmegistus , Geber , Rupescissa , Arnoldus de Villa-nova ; Raymundus Lullius , Thomas Aquinas , Roger Bacon , Albertus Magnus . To which he addes , Isaack Holland , and Theophrastus Paracelsus .

The Cabbalisticall Art is also vain , though magnified too much in these Impium Cabalistarum Commentum , qui decem Dei veri nominibus & Angelorum , quorum ●eminerunt sacrae literae , ea quae magnifica speci● pollicentur , & Diabolo juvante Deo permittente , quandoque confirmant , peragere se affirmant . Gasp. Peu● . De Divinat . generibus , p. 323. The Schoolmen were said to turn Divinity in utrum non in usu . D. Stought . The Schoolmen in their vast volumes were well said , magno con●tu nihil agere , and their perplexed distinctions justly called operosae nugae , which they themselves rather coin'd then understood . M. Heries Moral Prudence , c. 13. Scholastici vel hoc nomine non tanti sunt à nobis faciendi , quia in Justificationis articulo vix quicquam tradiderunt solidi . D. Prideaux . Ego Ludovico Vivi subscribam , qui Theologiam Scholasticam non artes solummodo bonas , sed & ipsam Theologiam peremisse asserit . Calv. Comment. in 1 Tim. 1. 1. Vide plura ibid. dayes .

The Jews hold , that Moses received a double Law from God in the Mount , one in writing , or delivered in writing , the other by mouth , or delivered by mouth . This last ( say they ) was successively delivered by Moses to posterity , first to Ioshua , by him to the Elders , and by them to the first Prophets , and then to the last Prophets , amongst whom the last of all were Zachary , Haggai , Malachi , these delivered it to the men of the great Synagogue , which were Ezra with his company , who restored the Law to its ancient purity , from whom the wise men following received it in succeeding generations , and this double Exposition which the Jews glory in is yet found among their wise men , they name the Cabala .

Ioannes Picus de Mirandula first amongst the Latines made mention of this Cabal of the Hebrews .

Because there are six Alephs in the first verse of the first Chapter of Genesis , and Aleph signifies a thousand , therefore they say the world shall last six thousand years .

Some learned men ( as Chamier , and others ) likewise tax School-Divinity .

Mihi quidem satis est , si quando succisivis horis huc diverto , ad Thomam , aut Petrum de Aquila , aut Majorem , aut Nicolaum de Orbellis , aut Cardinalem de Aliaco , & hujusmodi molestissimorum hominum turbam : non equidem ut delectationem capiam : sed ●ò tantum ut animum satiem : non aliter quàm si quis aliquando palatium visitans , post aularum , cubiculorum , coenaculorum magnificentiam , etiam latrinas non dedignetur aspicere , sed paucis , ob faetorem . Chamier . Epist. Iesuit .

Gaudeo ( saith Luther ) me è Scholastica Theologia erutum & gratias ago Christo Deo meo .

And in his first Tome de octavo praecepto . Vocantur Doctores Scholastici , & hoc propriissimo veroque nomine , Scholastici enim sunt , id est , ludicri , & lusores , imò & illusores , tam sui quam aliorum .

See Antonie du Verdier his learned Preface of Learning to his Bibliotheque .

Before I proceed to speak of the Languages , I shall say something of that usefull Vide Bibliand . De ratione Communi omnium linguarum & literarum . c. 6. Et Polyd. Verg. De Invent. rerum , l. 2. c 7. Ars Typographica inventa in Germania , anno aerae Christi 1411 ▪ Helv. Chron. 1440 Calvis . Chron. Tres hae singulares artes , 〈…〉 mbardica , Typographia , Nautica Germaniae inventa funt . Ioannes Guttenbergius Argentinensis artem impresso 〈…〉 m , seu excusoriam , novum scribendi genus , primus excogitavit anno 1440. in urbe Argentinensi inde veniens Mo 〈…〉 iam eam foeliciter perfecit . Gene● . Chronol. l. 4. Vide Pasquier . 〈◊〉 de la France . l. 9. c. 29. Art of Prin●ing .

Cardan , lib. 17. de artibus saith , It is an Art inferiour to none , neither in profit , dignity , nor subtilty .

How speedily doth it conveigh Learning from one Nation and Age to another ?

Imprimit ille die , quantum vix scribitur anno .

Pasqui●r saith , One may see the world traversed in these two inventions , a Monk the Inventer of Artillery , and a Souldier of Printing , Recherch de la France , lib. 9. cap. 29.

By printing many Greek and Latine Authors have been preserved from destruction . Cujus beneficio clarissimi scriptores ex bonarum literarum nau●●a . gio supersti●es , in mille transfunderentur exemplaria , & in multorum manus ad incomparabile totius Reipublicae Christianae praesidium , salubriter pervenirent . Middend●rp . De Academ . l. 3. Auctores plurimos , tam Gracos quam Latinos , ab omni prorsus interitus periculo vindicavit . Polyd. Virg. De Invent. rerum l. 2. c. 7.

It is commonly said , That Tullies Offices was the first book that was printed .

Ciceronis officia prima omnium librorum typis aeneis impressa sunt . Exemplar officiorum istorum habeo in membrana impressum . Schol. Mathem . Rami , l. 2.

There were some famous Printers .

Aldus Manutius * * Of Aldus Ma●utius , Se● Antoine Du Verdier his Preface to his Bibliotheque . Crispinum amisimus , poli●um & ●ersum Typographum . Beza Epist. 6. , and after him Paulus his Sonne in Venice ; in France , Crispinus , Henry Stevens the Father to Charles , and Charles to Robert , Robert to Henry , and Henry to Paul , all Printers .

Christopher a a Vir typographia suâ praeclarè de studiis meritus . V●ss De Imitat . Poet. Plantine of Antwerp a most famous and learned Printer .

There is a Book intituled , Index Libroram Qui ex Typographia Plantiniana prodierunt . Oporinus Celebris parentum aevo Basil●ae Typographus fuit , cui nomen Ioanni Oporino . Voss. de vitiis Sermonis , c. 9.

Frobenius , he was E●asmus his faithfull Printer .

Daniel Bombergu● who deserves special praise for his care and diligence in setting forth the Bible with the Chaldee Paraphrase , Rabins Commentaries , and the Masora , besides many other Hebrew books . R. Gedaliah in his Shalsheleth doth speak honourably of him in this respect .

Some Printers are to be blamed , who for lucre sake are ready to print any book Nec tamen dicere dubita mus magnam reprehensionem meteri Typographos qui quocunque tandem affectu ducantur , pessimis ejusdem scriptis orbem impleverunt , quos etiam si magistratus non castiget , Dominus tamen castigabit . Beza Epist. 4. though never so corrupt and pernicious .

I have heard that George Bishop the Printer in London would not sell any Popish Books either to Papists or any that were like to be seduced by them .

CHAP. VI. Of the Languages .

COnstat Graecos & Latinos peregrina linguae voces , dum suae linguae decoro , & compositioni student , prodigiosè corrupisse . Leland . Comment. in Cign . Cant.

Languages do often much change in processe of time . The French , Spanish and Italian , coming from the Latine are much fallen from the purity of the Latine tongue . None of the French will now understand the Laws of England published by William the Conqueror in the Norman without an Interpreter .

Languages differ much in common names , but not in proper ; all Languages say almost in the same manner , Adam , Abraham , Moses , David , Iesus , Socrates , Plato , Caesar , C. Caro , Carolus , and in the like .

The Confusion of Languages was brought in at the building of the Tower of Peccati poena est tot esse linguas , Lud. Vi● . de Trad. Discip . l. 3. Babel , as Moses the Hebrew Prophet in the 11th Chapter of Genesis , and Iosephus the Hebrew Historian in the 4th Chapter of his first book of Jewish Antiq. evidently demonstrate .

The punishment of strange Languages was a heavy punishment , next to our casting out of Paradise , and the Flood . Mr Wheat . Protot . ch. 7.

The holy Ghost descended upon the Apostles in the shape of tongues . Quid autem lingu● dissectae aliud ( saith one ) quam variarum linguarum cognitionem portenderunt ?

Bibliander saith , There are seventy seven Languages commonly reckoned , De ratione communi omnium Linguarum c. 1. Varia linguarum genera & permulta quidem , sive sep●uaginta duo , sive plura vel pauciora ●am inde ab aedificatione T●rris ex●iti●●e pro comper●o habetur . Imm● ut a. ii volunt ex illa ae●ificatione seu potiùs in●ania , tanta hominum sermonis varie●a● ▪ linguarumque confusio innata est , ut quot orbis regiones sunt tot hominum linguae sint : p●ius enim universa terra , ●este Moyse , labil unius erat . Aug. Roch. De Append. Bib. Vatic . de Dialect .

The Hebrew Language was the first and most ancient , and the onely Language before the building of the Tower of Babel .

Austen saith , It is better to be in the company of a known dog , then in a mans Lingu●rum ▪ diversitas ●●minem allena● ab homine , nam si duo sibimet invicem fiant obviam , neque praeterire , sed simul esse aliqua ne●essitate cogantur , quorum neuter norit linguam alteriu● , faci●ius sibi animalia muta etiam diversi generis , quam ●●i ●●m sint homines ambo sociantur , & quando enim quae sentiunt inter se communicate non possunt , propter solam linguarum diversitatem nihil prodest ad consociandos homines ●anta similitudo naturae : ita ut libentius homo sit cum cane suo quam cum homine alieno . August . l. 19. D● civi● . Dei , c 7. society whose speech is unknown to us .

The Hebrew tongue kept its purity , and remained uncorrupted , though other tongues were added to it , and derived from it .

It is reported of Mithridates , that he spake two and twenty Languages . Gesner Mithridatem Ponti ▪ regem solum mortalium ●viginti duabus linguis locutum ▪ certum est . Gesueri Mithridates De differentiis linguarum . Animo fuit excultissimo : q●●ppe non Gr●cis , nec vulgaribus tantùm litteris erudi●us : sed , quod ●e●●●rum sit ●● omni●o rar●● & 〈◊〉 , viginti duarum gentium quas dictioni suae subjectas habeb● 〈…〉 , ut cum carum hominibus sine interprete no● minus scitè , quam si inde fuisset oriundus , ●●qui ●●●●●sque sine monitore salutare & appel●are potuerit . Wa●eri ad ▪ Ge●n . Mith. Comment. Vide Aul. Gel. Noct. At. therefore writing a Book of divers Languages , styles it Mithridates Gesneri . Vide R. Episc. Uss. Annal. partem posteriorem . p. 142. Et Theodorum Bibliandrum . De Ratione Communi omnium Linguarum , c. 1.

Benedictus Arias Montanus in his Preface to the King of Spains Bible , professeth that he understood ten Languages .

Godeschalcus Praetorius , a man of great wit and vast memory , and famous in all kinde of Learning , once a singular ornament of the University of Francford in Germany , understood fourteen Tongues , saith N●ander in the first part of his Geography .

Postell shews , that he was skilfull in fifteen Languages .

Schindler and De Dieu were Polyglottists .

Ioseph ▪ Scaliger and our Bishop Andrews had also knowledge in severall Languages .

Theodorus Bibliander De Ratione Communi omnium Linguarum , cap. 1. saith thus of himself , Equidem ut de uberiori aliqua perfusione divini spiritus gloriari non possum nec debeo , ita beneficia Christi servatoris minimè vel modestum , vel religiosum est dissimulare . Fate●rque me non tam labore & diligentia & ingenii quodam acumine singulari , quam ex merito & gratia , & do●o principis nostri opt . max. Iesu Christi consecutum esse facultatem aliquam scribendi & loquendi , aut certè judicandi de in linguis , quae totum orbem terrarum longè lateque possident . Vide plura ibid.

The common use of all Languages is twofold : Vide ●rus . a● difficil . loc. Genes. c. 74. &c. ●1 . M●r●e● . ad Gen. 11. 1. & ad ● . 31. & ad Gen 31 47. Effusione enim Spiritus Sancti miraculosâ in festo pentecostes , id effectum fuit , ut confusio Linguarum ( uti etiam loquitur excellent issimus n●ster Iohan G●●●●r● . Th ▪ Doct. eiu●que Professor I●nensium ●●●●● si●●i●us , in libro meditationum suarum devotissimarum c. 22. propè finem ) quae poena fuerat superbi● & 〈…〉 ficanda turre Babylonis , fuerit sublata , jamque dispersae illae gentes per diversitatem linguarum in unit●●e● 〈…〉 Spiritus Sancti munere congregatae sunt . ●r●●s . Disc●●es . de Con●u● . Ling. c. 11.

One , That others may discover their minde to us .

Another , That we likewise may reveal our mimde to them .

As the confusion of tongues at Babel had caused the casting off of the Gentiles , by severing them from the participation of the true Religion ( which was onely professed and known in the Hebrew tongue ) so was the gift of tongues to be a needfull means to bring them into Religion again ; when every one may hear of the things of God in his own Language .

The Languages may be divided into Oriental and Occidental :

1. Oriental ; Hebrew , Chaldee , Samaritan , Syriack , Arabick , Aethiopick , Persian , Armenian , Coptick . 2. Occidental ; Greek , Latine , Spanish , French , Italian , German , English , and Sclavonick , which is spoken very generally .

The Oriental tongues are written and read from the right hand to the left , except the Aethiopick and Armenian .

The Grecians at first did write forward and backward , whence that phrase , Literas exarare and lineae , are called versus , and thence that was a most profitable and Vide Bocharti Geog. sac . grave Decree of the Councel of Vienna , celebrated under Clement the 5th , That there should be in Universities publick professours of the Hebrew , Chaldee and Arabick tongues , which should teach them , and translate books out of them into Latine for the propagation of the Faith , and more easie conversion of the Infidels .

Sigismundus Gelenius hath written Lexicum Symphonum .

Quo quatuor Linguarum Europae familiarium , Graecae scilicet , Latinae , Germanicae , ac Sclavinica concordia judicatur .

Bibliander De ratione communi omnium linguarum , layes down an easie method of learning a Language , Qui enim dictiunculas principales , & themata singulis diebus discat , & aliquid tribuat regulis derivandi , flectendi , & c●●po●e●di , utque ordinem & constructionis leges cognoscat , centesimo die per otium linguam perdidicit . He saith there , That there are a thousand original words of the Latine tongue , and themata bis mille linguae Hebraeae , two thousand roots of the Hebrew tongue .

There are three principal or learned Languages , the Hebrew , Greek and Latine .

I. Of the Hebrew .

Of Languages , the Hebrew as it is the first and most ancient of all , so it alone Nostri etiam seculi omnes propemodum docti , primas linguae Hebraeae deferunt , excepto unico Goropio Becano , qui Belgicam suam principem antiquitato asserere , sed frustra & admodum languide , allaborat . Cri●●●i Discursus de confusione Linguarum , cap. 1 , Vide plura ibid. Ut Bibliand . de Ratione Communi omnium linguarum , cap. 5. It is most certain that the Hebrew langage from the beginning of the world to this present , ●●●●● received any alteration or corruption in its dialect or manner of speech . See Jerom in his Preface to the Prophet ●eremiah , in his last Epistle to Paulus Urbicus , and in his Exposition on the third Chapter of Zephany . Reuchlin in his Book of the Iews Cabala . Augustinus Steuchus in his Annotations on the 37 Chapter of Genesis , and divers others quoted by D●ret , Histoire Des Langues De cest univers. seems to be pure and sincere , all the rest almost are mixt : for there is none of them which hath not certain words derived and corrupted from the Hebrew . So the Latines have not onely borrowed many words of Art from the Grecians , but also of things which they found in their books . So the Latine tongue was corrupted by the Gothes in Italy , France and Spain .

Some think that the English Language is most mixt and corrupt of all . Munster in the second Book of his universal Cosmography , saith , The English tongue is compounded of many Languages . In times past ( he saith ) it was pure Germane , as one may know by Beda , who was born in England .

The Mysteries of God , and our salvation were delivered by God , and received Hac Hebraica sive Judaica lingua quae & sacra dicitur . Vetus Testamentum conscriptum fuit . Profecto Liber fere solus purus Hebraicus habetur , ut eruditi affirmant : alii enim iisdem Characteribus Conscripti vel Chaldaici sunt , vel alias dialectos & glossas habent admi●tas . Aug. Roch. Append. Bib. Vat. de dialectis . by the holy Fathers and Prophets in the Hebrew tongue .

The Hebrew tongue excels all others in dignity , pleasure , profit and necessity . Textus bibli●us ●●●● He●●aismi pu●i & antiqui thesaurus nobis superest . P●cock . Not. Miscel. in Por●am Mofis . c. 3. The antiquity of it demonstrates its dignity , the simplicity and grace of it its pleasure . It is the fountain of all other Languages , of the Indian , Persian , Babylonian , Armenian , Syriack , Arabick , the Egyptian , Aethiopick , and therefore profitable . Nulla enim est lingua , quae non ab Hebraica derivata quaedam & corrupta vocabula habeat . Gesneri Mithridates . Hoc verissimum esse , vel una vox Hebraica ab clarissimè docet . Ab hac enim na●a est vox Chaldaica , Aethiopica , Arabica abbá. Was. Comment. ad Methridat . Beckman shews , that many Greek words are derived from it . By it we are instructed in the knowledge of God and the Church , and our selves , therefore it is very necessary .

The Punique tongue was the Canaanitish or old Hebrew * * See Brerewoods Enquiries , ch. 7. Language , that which was vulgarly spoken among the Jews before the Captivity .

Amongst Christians for more then a thousand years from Christ , none scarce did adorn the Hebrew Language unlesse very few . The Jews were in such hatred , that their very Language was vilified . Origen of Alexandria learned it of a Jew called Hill , not without trouble , and the publick upbraiding of Celsus . Ierom also of Stridona a Monk and Presbyter , learned this Language at Bethlehem , especially in the night time of a Jew , fearing his Countreymen , whose name was Barhanina , whence Ruffinus becoming his enemy objected to him , that leaving Christ he followed Barabbas , He neglecting that calumny went on stoutly , and taught many religious Virgins this Language , that they might sing Hebrew Psalms . After Ierom , who flourished in the year of Christ 385. followed Iohn Damascene , who lived in the year of Christ , 730. Nicholas Lyra was converted from Judaism in the year of Christ , 320. Afterward Paulus Burgensis was converted from Judaism . And this was the lot of that holy Language even unto the year of Christ 1440. when Printing was invented , and the studies of Languages and Learning began to flourish . Here among the Christian restorers of the holy tongue Reuclin was the first . He learned the Greek tongue of Greek exiles ( amongst whom was Chalcondylas ) and the Hebrew of the Jews , and he illustrated both . The ice being broken by him , Hebrew Bibles were printed first at Pisauna , after at Venice , and in Italy . Faelix Pratensis , Daniel Bombergus his master in the holy tongue , the Author and Moderator of his famous printing in the Hebrew , much adorned this Language , by publishing Hebrew Bibles , which are called Veneta & Bombergiana .

Augustinus Iustinianus Nebriensis Episcopus put forth Psalterium octaplum .

Petrus Galatinus flourished in Spain , also Franciscus Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo , and Cardinal , who procured the Edition of Opus Complutense , & Benedictus Arias Montanus Hispalensis , who being helped together with his Collegues by the munificence of Philip the second King of Spain , promoted that kingly work , the Spanish and Plantine Bible .

In France Sanctes Pagninus Lucensis professed this tongue , The Author of the Treasury of the Hebrew tongue , Franciscus Vatablus , which incouraged and furthered Robert Stevens in printing so elegantly the Hebrew Bible at the charge of Francis the first King of France . Iohn Mercer who together with Bonaventure Cornelius Bertram and Antonius Cevallerius inriched Pagnines Treasury with Annotations .

To these may be added William Postell and Nicholas Clenard , who travelled far out of their love to the Hebrew and Oriental tongues .

In Germany after Capnio or Reuchlin , Conradus Pellican , Sebastian Munster , Iohn Oecolampadius , Luther , Aurogallus , Forster , Zigler , Iohn Albert Widmanstadius , Andraeas Masius , Paulus Fagius , Iohn Avenarius , Iohn Drusius , Waser , Iohn Buxtor● the Father and Sonne , George Cruciger , and others bestowed their pains to good purpose in this Language .

Wakefield * * Primus omnium in Angliam Chaldaeum , Hebraeum , Arabicumque invexit , & illa publicè in utraque Academia do●uit . Wakefield de se in orat . de laudibus & utilitate trium ling. Arab. Chald. & Hebraic . of old taught Hebrew in England .

Of later time Edward Livelie in Cambridge .

Hugh Broughton and Nicholas Fuller did also excell in that Language .

The Hebrew Language in a few words comprehends much matter , is very significant , See Arias Montanus his Preface to his book De Hebraicis Idiotismis , and his book intituled Communes & familiares Hebraicae linguae idiotismi . it hath a gravity , sweetnesse , vivacity , and marvellous efficacy in its words , periods .

The way to learn the Hebrew tongue , is to inure ones self to one methodical Qui Ebraeam linguam compendio vult discere , assues ▪ ce : uni Grammaticae , eique methodicae & plenae . Nihil enim magis Tyroni noxium quam per multas Grammaticas volare . Sixtini Amama Consilium de Ebraico faeliciter instituendo . and compleat Grammer . Some much commend Martinius his Hebrew Grammer .

Of the Chaldee Language .

During the seventy years Captivity of the Jews in Babylon , there was a mixture Hac lingua in Aegypto , & Aethiopia eruditiores utuntur , ut à multis accepi Hebraicae confinis est , nec multo magis quàm Dorica à Graeca communi differt . Ang. Roch. Appendix Bib. Vatic . De Dialectis . Haec lingua unâ cum Chaldaeorum & Assyriorum Monarchia , liberalium artium cultu , legumque ac ju●ium tractatione exculta , longe lateque pomaeria sua protulit . Prae cateris linguis , sanctae maximè affinis est Chaldaica , inquit Elias Levita . Nam praecipua diversitas in terminatione , mutatione , litterarum & punctorum articulorumque variatione consistit . Interdum tamen quaedam apud Chaldaeos vocabula occurrunt , quae ab Hebraeis non frequentantur , vel planè non usurpantur . In hac lingua Daniel & Esdras magnam partem conscripti sunt . Hujus linguae vocabula nonnulla reperias in Jobo , Proverbiis , Jeremia , & alibi . Waseri Comment. ad Mithridatem Gesneri . Chaldaea sunt in lege seu Mose Gen. 31. 47. duae voces : in Prophetis Ier. 10. 11. versus integer in Hagiograph Ezraea c. 4. 7. usque 6. 19. & 7. 12. usque 27. v. Daniele 24. usque 8. 1. Unde illud , ne sit lingua Aramaea levis in oculis tuis , quoniam invenimus in lege , & in Prophetis , & in scriptis sanctis seu hagiographis , quod ille sanctus benedictus ipse ( Deus ) tribuit ei honorem . Wal. Epist. Wal●● Gomarus . of the Hebrew and Chaldee Language , as is evident by the writings of the Prophet Daniel , composed of both , as Ierom hath well observed in his Preface upon that Prophet , as also by the writings of Ezra , and more evidently in the Chaldee Paraphrases .

The Syriack and Chaldee are as it were but dialects of the Hebrew ( differing not much more then Northern and Western speech from plain English ) and though they be nearly allied to the Hebrew , yet they are nearer one to the other , insomuch that some reckon them both one .

Those Christians are a terrour to the Jews who are indifferently skilled in the Thargum and the Rabbins , for they know that many pillars of Judaism are most vehemently shaken , yea overthrown in them . The more the pity that these most profitable studies are so neglected in those places where the Jews most resort .

Many Christians in Syria use this Language in Grammaticis & sacris about the mountain Libanus .

The Samaritan Language .

It hath no other letters and characters proper to it , but the Hebrew letters and Totidem verbis quot Judaei , ne una quidem mi ▪ nus , aut amplius , Pentateuchum legunt . Et quod caput est , literis non adulterinis , ut Judaei , sed meris Mosaicis characteribus , ut planè à Postello proditum est , & res ipsa loquitur . Scalig. De emendat . Temp. lib. 7. characters , yet most ancient . Many Jews at this day dwelling in Syria , and chiefly in the Town of Sichem , use this Samaritan Language , which are called Samaritans .

The Syriack tongue , which is very like to the Hebrew , witnesseth that the Hebrews have two and twenty letters , for they also have two and twenty in sound alike , but divers characters . The Samaritans also write the Pentateuch of Moses in so many letters ; and it is certain that Ezra after the taking of Hierusalem , and the restauration of the Temple under Zorobabel , found out other letters which we now use , when to that time the characters of the Samaritans , and the Hebrews were the same .

Of the Syriack Language .

It is called also Lingua Aramaea , Esa. 36. 11. The new translation hath , the Syrian Hoc sacrosanctum est idioma , quo uti dignatus est Dominus noster Jesus Christus filius Dei , Deus verus , & verus homo : cùm in terris visibiliter ageret . Propterea vocant Christianam , quia Domino Christo familiaris fuit . Ea utuntur Asiatici omnes Christiani , cùm inter se , tum verò praecipuè in suis sacris . Pet. Vict. Cajet. Palm . Paradig ▪ Ling. Syr. Vide plura ibid. Syrorum lingua constata est ex Chaldaica & Hebraica . Nam habet quaedam communia cum utraque & quaedam diversa . Wasaeri Comment. ad Gesueri Mithrid . Haec lingua in diaturno exilio Babylonico primordia coepit : ubi Judaei , sicut fieri solet à victis , ad aucupandam victorum gratiam , suam cum Chaldaica miscuerunt : ex qua commixtione illa prodiit . Hanc linguam sanctissimis labris suis consecravit Christus , quum his in terris inter mortales vitam degisset : ut quae ejus & Apostolorum aetate Judaeis vernacula erat : quod docent voces , Abba , Aceldama , Bar , Bar aba , Bar Jesu , Bar jona , Bar-Timi : Bel vel Beel , Belzebub , Beth abara , Bethania , Bethesda , Beliar , Bene rehem , Ephphata , Gabbatha , Genesara , Golgotha , Korbona , Mammona , Ribbi , Talitha-Kumi , & aliae ; quae merè sunt Syriacae , & passim in Novo Testamento occurrunt . In hac lingua extat translatio totius Novi Testamenti vetustissima & elegantissima , ac proinde divinam apud doctiores veneratio . nem habens : quum vel ab Apostolis ipsis , vel â discipulis eorum conscripta credatur . Was●ri Comment. ad Mit●rid . Gesn. Language , the old , The Aramites Language .

The Syriack tongue is certainly thought to have had beginning in the time of the Captivity of the Iews in Babylon , while they were mingled among the Chaldeans . In which long revolution of seventy years , the vulgar sort of the Jews forgot their own language , and began to speak the Chaldee ; but yet pronouncing it amisse , and framing it somewhat to their own Countrey fashion , in notation of points , affixes , conjugations , and some other properties of their ancient speech , it became a mixt Language of Hebrew and Chaldee . Brerewoods Enquiries touching the Diversity of Languages and Religions through the chief parts of the world , ch. 9.

Guido Fabricius clearly demonstrates the vulgar tongue of Iury in the dayes of our blessed Saviours pilgrimage here upon earth to be Syriack , which ( saith Masius ) grew out of the mixture of the ancient Chaldee and Hebrew , and was so different from the latter , that the one could not be understood by the other . The Preface to Brerewoods Enquiry .

Crinesius commends the Syriack Grammer of Masius , Mercer , Tremellius and especially Wasers . But De Dieu's is an excellent one .

Of the Arabick .

It is 1. a very ancient Language , as Ierom shews in his Commentaries upon the Si ut hominibus , ita linguis etiam genus & prosapia nobilitatem addat , nostra uni cedit He. braeae , primae huic ( nec longo sane intervallo proxima ) & divinae parentis germanissima filia . Greav . Orat. De Linguae Arab. util . & praestant . Sive autem Hagarenos & Saracenos , sive Arabes dixeris uno nomine , lingua usi sunt , hodiéque utuntur eâ , quae praeter Hebraeam & Chaldaeam omnibus caeteris prior & antiquior est , & quasi mater earum censetur , in Africa , Asiaque ita vigens , ut eam infantes à matribus suis haurire possint . Crines . De confus . Ling. c. 6. Vide plura ibid. Hinc usum ejus obtinere & in prerio esse videmus , non apud Arabes tantum , sed & Mauros , Poenos , Nubios , Aegyptios , Syros , Chaldaeos , Turcas , Armenos , Persas , I artaros , Indos ; item Graecos , Macedones , Thraces , Ungaros , & alios Europae populos ; ne multis , apud majorem earum gentium partem , quae orbem antiquis cognitum incolunt . Erpen . Orat. De Ling. Arab. Namque in ipsa Heberi familia primum nata Arabica lingua , cum gente sua & longe diffusa , & in proprio semper conservata solo , tandem quoque extra illud ita propagata fuit , ut hodiè extremos orientis & occidentis terminos conjungat ; per tanta terrae la●ifundia sacri & profani doctarumque mentium jam per multa saecula interpres . Golii P●aefat . ad Lexicon Arabico Latin . Illud enim inter eruditos pridem convenit , Nullam unquam ab orbe condito linguam latè adeò diffusam , aut plus terrarum occupasse . Non enim in Arabia modo , amplissimâ quidem regione tanquam privato la●e habitavit , sed Asiam penè universam , maximam Africae , haud mediocrem Europae partem peruagata est . Greav Orat. De Ling. Arab. util . & praestant . Nulla Lingua hodi● , nec usquam olim in tor partibus orbis locum habuit . Postellus . Prophet Esay , and in his Preface to Daniel and Iob ; and Erpenius in his first Orat. De ling. Arab.

2. It is of larger extent now then any other Language , almost the third part of the habitable world acknowledgeth it .

Although I be farre from their opinion , which write ( too overlashingly ) that the Arabian tongue is in use in two third parts of the inhabited world , or in more , yet I finde that it extendeth very farre , and specially where the Religion of Mahumed is professed . Brerew . Enquir . ch. 8.

Ejus beneficio valebimus sine interprete conversari cum Mauro , Aegyptio , Syro , Persa , Turcho , Tartaro , Indo , & ut semel dicam , ferè in toto terrarum orbe . Postellus .

3. It is an elegant Language whether we consider the plentie of words , and the force of signification , or the sweetnesse of the phraseology , or the facility and gravity of the whole Language . All these particulars Erpenius proves in his first Oration . De Ling. Arab. and Mr Greaves saith , it exceeds both the Greek and Latine in number of words .

4. It is a profitable Language . He that hath the knowledge of this Language , Vide Pocock . Not. Miscel ▪ in portam Mosis . may travell without an Interpreter almost all over Africa and Asia . There are many words in the Hebrew Bible , and the most ancient and profitable Chaldee Translation of it , and many manners of speaking whose signification and sense cannot be had but out of this Language . Without the knowledge of this Language , how shall the impious opinion of Mahomet be either fully known or refuted ?

It gives great light to the Syriack , Aethiopick , Persian , and other Languages , Nulla , mi Lector , lingua est ( Graecam & Latinam excipio ) quae plu● a solidae eruditionis & encyclopaediae monumenta continet . In Theologia multos ea & graves scriptores habet . In re medica , bone Deus , quanta è scriptorum Caterva memorabo , Rhasin , Abin Sennam , Mesuem , Serapionem ? Quam bonos , quam serios scriptores : Mathemeticis omnium charissimi Arabes : quia Mathematica illis . Has enim artes hi prae caeteris nationibus invenerunt , coluerunt , perfecerunt . Testes mihi Geber , Haly , Thebit , Alphraganus , Albumasar , & alii multi graves & acuti ingenii authores , quorum inventa in his artibus valdè celebrantur . Bedw . Praef. ad Joh. Apost. Epist. Cathol. Arab. Vide Erpenii Orat. 2. De Lingua Arabica . Ad medicinam & humani corporis salutem nati planè videntur , neque ulli artem hanc meliore Phoebo , aut dextro magis numine aggressi sunt . Greav . De Linguae Arab. util . & praestant . Quos inter classem ducit naturae nostrae miraculum poenè Avicenna , in Philosophia vix Stagiritâ minor , medendi arte nihil Galen cedens , idem cum maximis oratoribus facundiae gloria conferendus . Id. ibid. to the Mathematicks , they having invented the Algebra , and having Mathematicians more acurate then Ptolomy , to Physick , Avicenna , Mesua , Serapio , Rasis were famous Physicians . Averroes , Avicenna and others much adorned Philosophy . They have very many famous Poets , Historians . Ingentes Historiarum copias habent , obscurae & sepultae jam antiquitati lucem vitamque allaturas . Poetarum illis seges densissima est , ut nullibi terrarum major ingeniorum messis provenerit , saith Mr Greaves in his Oration .

He commends it also for its facility , for here are no dialects at all , no turnings of flexions , no anomalies .

Mercer , Ioseph Scaliger , Francis Rophelengius , Isaac Casaubone , Emanuel Tremelius , and Francis Iunius , Clenard , Golius , and our Pocock and Graves highly prized this Language , and promoted the study of it .

The Arabians ( saith Bedwell ) translated the Syriack Testament not the Greek , as it will appear by many places to him that shall compare them , whence those things which are very well rendred by the Syriack , are also rendred ad verba by the Arabick , where the Syriack hath erred , there also the Arabick hath much more missed the mark .

Of the Ethiopick or Indian Language .

It is so near ( saith Bibliander , De Ratione Communi omnium linguarum , cap. 2. ) Graeci Aethiopiam dicunt ab 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , uro , & 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 visus , facies , solis enim vicinitate incolae ejus regionis ita torrentur , ut atro sint colore , adeoque immutabili , Ier. 13. 20. Crines . De Confus . Ling. c. 8. Linguam Aethiopicam in multis mirificè congruere cum Hebraea , Chaldaea & Assyria inductione benè longa comprobari possit . Verùm qui linguas illas vel primoribus labris attigit , ex unico orationis dominicae , quod Auctor ad●●xuit , specimine , clarissimè potest videre . Waseri ad Mithridatem Gesneri Commentarius . Indica lingua , adeò Hebraicae , Chaldaicae & Arabicae affinis est , licet Characteribus variet , ut rara admodum sit in hac dictio , quin in aliarum aliqua repe●iatur . Haec sola Orientalium , quae ab Hebraea originem habent , legitur nostro modo , à sinistra in dextram . Postellus . to the Hebrew , Chaldee , and Arabick , that there is scarce any diction which is not found in some of them .

The Ethiopians are descended from Chus the sonne of Cham.

It proceeds almost wholly from the Hebrew , Chaldee , Syriack and Arabick . They write from the left hand to the right . It hath a great passage through all the Kingdom of Ethiopia and Africk , which is of great extent . Some think the Prophets were written in the Ethiopick tongue from the times of our Saviour Christ , and his Apostles , and that the Eunuch ( who was Treasurer under the Queen of Candace ) read it , by which Eunuch also afterward all Ethiopia was converted to the faith of the Gospel .

Of the Persian Language .

There are many footsteps of the Persian Language in the Scripture , especially Hac de Lingua nihil prorsus possideo , sed eandem jam excolere coepit vir aliâs excellentissimus in Linguis Anatolicis , Dn. Wilhelmus S●hikhardus Tubingensium Professor Publicus , dominus & amicus noster venerandus , qui nuperrimè ex eadem T●●ich , hoc est seriem Regum Persicorum typis evulgavit publicis . Crines . Discursus de Confusione Linguarum , c. 7. Inter omnes linguas Armenica prolatione difficillima ▪ Bibliand . De ratione communi omnium Linguarum , c. 2. in Esther , as Ahashuerus , Esther , Hammedetha , Phur or Phurim , Gaza , Susa , Zeres , Mardochai , and others .

Persarum lingua omnium linguarum mundi facillima est . Bibliand . De Ratione Communi omnium linguarum .

Mr Graves hath written of it , Persian lingua in tota ferè Asia hodiè locum habet , ut in occidente Latina , saith Waserus in his Commentary on Gesners Mithridates .

Of the Coptick Kircherus hath written .

Of the chief Oriental Languages , Arabick , Armenian , Syriack and Ethiopick hath Petrus Victor , Cajetanus Palma written , and Ludovicus De Dieu a Grammar of them .

Of the Greek Language .

It is a most elegant , rich and copious Language , and very usefull for understanding

There are several Orations in the commendation of the Greek Tongue by Heresbachius , Hoelzlin , D. Prideaux . Heinsius . Graeca lingua est erudita admodum & locuples . Et quemadmodum Latina lingua alias potest copia sua instruere ac juvare , sic Graeca tum Latinam ipsam , tam alias quoque auget & adornat : Estque perfectioni Latinitatis necessaria , non secus quàm Latina Italicae aut Hispanicae . Nec ullus absolutè fuit Latini sermonis peritus , nisi & Graeco imbutus . Ex sermone enim Graeco Latinus , ex Latino Italus Hispanus & Gallus manarunt , quibus olim nationibus Latina lingua erat vernacula . Bibliander . De ratione Communi omnium linguarum .

Ingenium Graiis dedit or● rotundo . Musa loqui .

Illinc sunt tropi , illinc omnes figurae sententiarum & verborum , quae unde prodeant , satis suis nominibus produnt : illinc sunt Oratores Romani , qui eloquentiam Graecis acceptam referunt . Barthol . Alex. Orat. Omitto Latinos Poëtas à Graecis omnia mutuatos esse : Terentium à Menandro , Virgilio à Theocrito , Hesiodo , Homero : Horatium à Pindaro . Id ibid.

of the Scripture and other Arts.

The Old Testament was translated out of Hebrew into Greek , and the New Testament was wholly written by the Apostles in this Language . Many Greek Fathers also have commented on the Scripture , or defended Religiou by Theological Treatises . Grammatica , Dialectica , Rhetorica , Arithmetica , Musica , Geometria , and many Chronological words have come from the Greek .

Many terms in the Mathematicks cannot be understood without it .

The Greeks in their Liturgie have no Latine speech , but the Latines have divers Greek speeches in theirs . An evident proof , that the Latines have received of the Greeks the Christian Religion , and have been their Disciples . As this appears by the History of the Acts of the Apostles , where we may see the Christian Religion Anatomic De La Messe , l. 5. c. 14. passed from Syria to the Greeks , and from the Greeks into Italy , and to Rome . Thence it comes , that the most part of words used in Religion amongst the western Christians are Greek , as those of Christ , Church , Apostle , Evangelist , Baptism , Eucharist , Bishop , Deacon , Exorcist , Monk , Letany , Antiphonie , Chrisme .

Rom. 1. 14. I am debtor both to the Greeks and Barbarians , that is , to all Nations Vide Drusium ad Roman. 8. 15. under heaven , bottoming his speech from the phrase of the Grecians , which gave the style of Barbarous for distinction sake , unto all the Nations , even the Romans , beside themselves . Graeca Lingua diutius est syncera & pura conservata , quàm nostra , quòd illa barbaratum nationum incursus minùs sensit , quam occidens . Ludov. Viv. De Trad. Disc. lib. 3.

The Greek Language is difficult by reason of the many Dialects , the Attick In Graeca lingua magni sunt recessus , & vastissimi Labyrinthi , non solum indialectis variis , sed in unaquaque illarum . Attica & Atticae proxima a communis maximè sunt necessariae , propterea quòd & sunt facundissimae atque excultissimae : & quicquid Graeci habent legi ac cognosci dignum , ist is dialectis est consignatum . Reliquis utuntur authores carminum , quos non tanti est intelligi : praesertim quum non in dialectis modo , sed in apellandis rebus , & colore loquendi tantum sit inter orationem numeris solutam & adstrictam discriminis , ut non videatur esse eadem lingua . Bibliander de Ratione Communi omnium Linguarum & Literat . cap. 4. Graeca Lingua quinque distinguitur dialectis , Aeolica scilicet , Attica , Ionica , D●●ica & communi . Attica verò inter caeteras elegantior & communi propior , Dorica crassissima indicatur , & in hac Eclogae & Pastorum colloquia à Theocrito conscripta fuisse aiunt . Aug. Roch. Append. Bib. Vatic . de Dialectis . Vide Crin●s . de Confus . Ling. c. 9. Graeca Lingua adeò necessaria , ut vix quenquam dixerim eruditum , qui eam ignoraverit . Ringelbergius de Ratione Studii . common , Eolick , Ionick and Dorick . The Attick Dialect is the most elegant and usefull ; the Dorick was the most gross , therefore the Eclogues and conferences of Shepherds were written by Theocritus in that Language : Yet Petrus Mosellanus Orat. de Var. Ling. Cognit . saith , Adsit ingenium foelix , non desit discendi propositum constans , contingat & praeceptor non doctus so●ùm , sed & prudens , vel meo ipsius periculo polliceri ausim , minori & tempore , & negotio mediocrem utriusque linguae cognitionem posse percipi , quàm hodiè lingu● semel latinae miserand● discitur balbuties .

Cat● being old learned Greek , as Origen did Hebrew .

There is no Language so happy in composition , as the Greek , so fit in joyning Vide Aul. Gell. Noct. Att. l. 11. c. 16. & Turneb . Animadv . l. 5. c. 19. and coupling one word with another as it , as Iulius Pollux a Greek Authour in his Onomasticon evidently demonstrates .

All the Hebrew and Latine eloquence know not with their mystery , gravity , copiousness and eloquence , to express and utter so properly and naturally many Nowns and Verbs as are to be found frequently in the Books of Greek Authours .

Greek Books , ( in very deed , if any after the sacred ) are best able to make a man Wise and Learned . Dr Casaub. of Enthus . c. 2.

At this day the Greek Tongue is very much decayed , not only as touching the largeness of it , but also in the pureness and elegancy of the Language ▪ though it Thr●s●r de L' Histoire Des Langues . De Cet univers. Par Duret . pag. 674. De couplements de mots Grecs . was preserved pure longer then the Latine . Brerewoods Enquiries touching the diversity of Languages , cap. 2

Picus Mirandulanus , Hermolaus Barbarus , Bembus , Politian , were famous Italians , In Graecis authoribus Xenophontis Cyrus , & Socratici Commentarii , & Herodotus , & Thucydides , & Demosthenes , & Aristotelis libri de moribus , & de Repub. & Homerus , atque Hesiodus . Et cum ab his intermissio fieri potest , sevocandus aliquando Theocritus est , & Pindarus & Euripides & Sophocles : & si quis est alius aut Philosophorum , aut Historicorum , aut Poetarum , qui placeat . Sturmii Nobilitas Literata . well skild in the Greek .

By the pains of Theodorus Gaza , Luscaris , Mus●rus , Cretensis , Chalcondiles , Argyropylus , Trapezuntius , Chrysoloras , the Greek tongue was wonderfully spread .

Sthwartzerd was called from the Greek Melancthon , Newman , Neander , Church-yard , Polyander , Freeman , Luther , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , Reuclin , Cap●io .

The Germane tongue hath many words purely Greek , as Neander in the first part of his Geography shews .

Doctissimus ille quondam praeceptor meus Iohannes Camerarius Dalburgius , Ecclesiae Uvormaciensis reverendissimus antistes , aliquot millia dictionum Graecarum collegerat , quae in utraque lingua Graeca & Germanica idem significant . Bibliand . de Ratione communi omnium Linguarum . c. 2.

The French tongue hath a great conformity with the Greek , as both Ioach. Perionius de Linguae Gall. cum Graeca cognat . and Henry Stevens in that Book entituled Conformité de Language Francois avec le Grec . abundantly shew .

So hath the English also divers words from them , as I have elsewhere declared .

All Learning and Wisdom is contained in the Greek Language . Quia verò in Graeca lingua suavissima , dulcissima , elegantissima , & ornatissima omnis erudita doctrina & sapientia fuit tradita , cum Deus in illa gente , quicquid literatum , artium , doctrinae ac sapientiae literatae uspiam esset , deposuisset , caepit illa lingua propagari , tum per Graecorum colonias , tùm etiam aliis rationibus per omnes fere gentes omnium partium orbis terrae adeò ut non modo Scythis , Indis , quod ex Philostrato patet , sed Germanis etiam quod Willichius in Commentariis suis eruditis in Cornelium Tacitum annotavit . Graecae literae fuerint familiares , & circa Caroli magni tempora anno 800. circiter post Christum natum Graecis literis Germanica scriberent , adeò ut omnes suas rationes , omniaque sua acta Graecè usque ad tempora Rudolphi Caesaris Habspurgensis scriberent . Neand. Geog. parte 1 2.

Of the Latine Tongue . Legendi scriptores Classici quales è Latinis praecipuè sunt Cicero , Caesar , Terentius , scriptor , ut ad nomen , ipsum alludamus , terendus adolescentiae noctu , diuque Vossius de Philologia , cap. 6. Cognosce●●us nobis est Cicero totus in lingua Latina , & Caesaris commentarii , & Salustius , & Virgilius . In quo studio cum quid superest horarum , interponendum ex Plauto , & Terentio , & Varrone , & Lucretio caeterisque aliquid , quod ad intelligendum facile , & ad cognoscendum sit jucundum . Nobilitas literata Sturmii . Ad Ciceronem vero quod me revocas auctorem quidem linguae Latinae summum : nec tamen solum , quaero quid aliis facias : quorum testimonia vim sententiae semper apud eruditissimum quemque habuerunt . Quaero item , quid uni saltem Varroni respondeas : qui quidem sicuti Ciceroni palmam concedit orandi causas : ita Latine loquendi sibi retinet . Quae●o etiam : an quasi barbaros quosdam rejicias : Livium , Sallustium , Quintillianum , Senecam , Plinium quoque utrumque , multos alios praeterea tot saeculorum suffragiis comprobatos . Polit. Epist. l. 5. Epist. 1.

It is one of the three Learned Tongues , in comparison of which all others are said to be barbarous .

Some hold that the flourishing , pure and incorrupt age of the Latine Tongue was from Terence , even to the times of Quintilian .

This age had Terence , Pacuvius the Poet , Lucretius and Archias Poets , Varro , Cicero , Iulius Caesar , Virgill , Horace , Propertius , Tibullus , Catullus , Ovid , Salust , Columella , Livy . Quintus Curtius , Persius , Seneca , Silvius Italicus , and Martiall . Under Augustus Caesar the Latine tongue was most pure .

Vide Becmanni Manuduct . ad Ling. Lat. c. 6. concerning the pure Latine Authours , and c. 7. what Authours are most to be read , and also some Elogies of the Latine Tongue by divers Learned men .

Pasquier Recherches de la France l. 9. c. 29. reckons up the Authours which excelled in the Latine Tongue .

The Latine Tongue grew to perfection by certain degrees , and in Caesar and Cicero's times ( whereof the one for purity , the other for copiousness were the best that ever writ ) it came to the highest flourish together with the Empire .

Among the Poets , Plautus , Naevius , Accius , Pacuvius , Ennius and Virgill most refined it , among the Orators and Historians M. Cato , Sisenna , Caesar and Cicero .

The Spanish Writer of the Book which is called the Triall of Wits , ch. 4. collects thence , that there is a speciall agreement of the Latine Tongue with the reasonable soul , because mad men which never learned Latine , nevertheless sometime speak it of their own accord .

The Latine Tongue is usefull for all Arts * * Lingua Latina non uni vel arti , vel genti servit : sed omnibus quaecunque sunt , ubicunque sunt , & artibus & generibus . Quicquid o●im latuit in scriniis sive Hebraicis , sive Graecis , sive aliis , in Latinum idioma conversum est . Beckm . Manuduct . ad Ling. Lat. c. 2. Haec , cum nuspiam hodie vernacula aut materna sit , ideo ab ineunte statim aetate pueris discenda datur . Hac , quodcunque sit , in Scholis & Academiis docetur . Hac , quasi vinculo , tam variae , tam dissitae copulantur nationes . Id. ibid. and Nations .

Iulius Scaliger and Ioseph his sonne hold , that the Originals of the Latine speech are many of them drawn from the Greek . Crinesius de Confusione Linguarum cap. 10. proves by many instances , that the Latine Tongue proceeded from the Hebrew .

It is very commendable to speak good Latine freely , and to write in a pure and elegant style .

That is much which Fanchimus Fortius Ringelbergius * * Postremo animum adjunxi ad curā Latinè ac politè scribendi , cujus gloria inter humanos conatus omneis summum tenere locum videtur . In hac finire vitam decrevi . Quae si dabitur mediocriter longa , in animo est opuscula millena ( idque summa quantum in nobis fuerit , adhibita cura Latini sermonis ) ante mortem conscribere : quorum corpore universo inde titulus erit Chilias . Nec prius desistere certum est , quàm istaec quae dixi , pertecero , nisi mors invitum opprimat . Ex hoc numero libellos nuper undeviginti absolvimus , speramusque nos brevi ad centum , hoc est decimam Chiliados partem perventuros . in his truly golden Book De Ratione Studii reports of himself .

Of the Italian , French and Spanish Languages .

One Bense hath written a Book entitled Analogo-Diaphora , seu Concordia Discrepans , Nostram linguam qua jam utimur , non difficile intellectu est , ex variis variarum gentium sermonibus conflatam esse . Dimidia sermonis ejus pars Romanis accepta ferenda : quemadmodum qui vel Latinis literis tinctus potest animadvertere . Hocoman . Franco . Gal. & Discrepantia Concordans trium Linguarum , Gallicae , Italicae , & Hispanicae .

The disagreeing concord and the agreeing discord of those three Languages , French , Italian and Spanish .

The Language of the Spaniards is said to be Manly , the Italian Courtly , and the French Amorous .

Brerewood conceives these tongues are more ancient , and that they have not Enquiries touching the diversity of Languages , ch. 5. Latinae linguae propagines , sed tempore & vulgi imperitia valde corruptae , sunt tres , hodie vulgares linguae , Italica , Hispanica , & Gallica . Prima minus , utpote Latinae linguae proxima , secunda magis , tertia maxime corrupta . Ang. Roch. Appendix Bib. Vatic . de Dialectis . In tres potiores Dialectos locutio Romana , ex Barbarorum incursione & immixtione , divisa est : in Italicam , Gallicam & Hispanicam . Ex his Italica à Latino facilè intelligitur sicuti & Gallica tardius prolata ( quod tamen respuere videtur ) à Germano Latino facillime percipitur . Crines . de Confus . Ling. cap. 10. sprung from the corruption of the Latine Tongue , by the inundation and mixture of barbarous people in these provinces , but from the first unperfect impression and receiving of it in those forraign Countries .

One of the Councels cals the French Tongue Linguam Romanam rusticam , whence Romances , because they were written in that Tongue .

The genuine pronunciation and reading is the most difficult in the French Tongue , for many letters which are written , are not pronounced , or otherwise pronounced .

Crinesius in his Discourse of the Confusion of Languages , c. 10. gives seven generall rules of the French pronunciation , and many speciall ones .

There are many severall Dialects of the French Tongue . Nam in Gallia certè nostra , tot ferè linguae sunt , aut certè tot ejusdem linguae dialecti , ac diversi pronuntiandi modi , quot sunt Galliae , non dicam provinciae , sed urbes . Casaub. Comment. in l. 4. Strabonis .

The Spanish Tongue is near to the Italian , and seems to come nearer to the Lingua Hispanica affinis est Italicae , & ad Latinam linguam propiùs quam Gallica accedere mihi videtur , minus tamen quam Italica . Gesneri Mithridates De differentiis Linguarum . Latine Tongue then the French , but not so near as the Italian .

Brerewood in his 6th Chapter of Enquiries touching the diversity of Languages , saith he hath seen an Epistle written by a Spaniard , whereof every word was both good Latine and good Spanish , and an example of the like is to be seen in Merula Cosmog ▪ part. 2. l. 2 ▪ ch ▪ 8.

Scaliger Epist. Casaub. saith Quartapars Hispanicae linguae merè Arabica .

Scaliger commends the French for a most elegant and sweet Language , and prefers Lingua F●ancica est hodie omnium linguarum Romanensium excultissima elegantissima & suavissima , & cum qua neque Italica , neque Hispanica contendere possunt . Ios. Scalig. Diat . de Hodiernis Francorum Linguis . it before the Spanish and Italian .

The people leave out many of their consonants in their pronunciation , which makes it the sweeter .

In aulis omnium propemodum principum , maximè occidentalium , viget illa lingua & floret . Petrus Bense in Epistola Dedicatoria .

The people speak the best French in Blois or Orleance , and the best Italian in Linguae Gallicanae elegantia hic ( Aureliae ) & Blaesiis ea floret , ut palmam facilè praeripiant omnibus . Hinc Gallis Aurelianismus quod Graecis Atticismus . Jodoci Sinceri Itinera●ium Galliae . Quamvis autem his Italiae Provinciis una sit lingua Hetrusca , tamen nova cultior & emendatior inter alias censetur , & majori habetur pretio , ad quam profecto linguam qui magis accedit , purior in dicendo , aut in scribendo existimatur . Aug. Roch. Append. Bib. Vatic . de Dialectis . Inter Dialectos , quibus hodie utuntur Castellana praefertur . Crines . de Confus . Ling. c. 10. Hetruria , and the best Spanish in Castile .

Antoine Du Verdier in his excellent Preface to his Bibliotheque highly commends the French Language , Quant à la phrase & elegante maniere de parler , pour exprimer He hath much more there in the commendation of his own Language . belles conceptions , ie ne sai si les Grecs mesmes se peuvent vanter d'estre pareils à nous . De ma part , ie croy que nostre langue ait estè composee de toutes les fleurs d'eslite , qui sont esparses par la Grecque , la Latine , l' Italienne , & autres celebres & renommees , tant antiques que modernes .

CHAP. VII . Of Universities and publick Schools .

ACademies which at this day are called Universities , were in times past called Academiae nomen Athenis primum inclaruisse apud omnes ferè autores convenit : sed dubia controversaque origine , & significatu vario . Iun. Acad. c. 1. Academia 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , hoc est , extra populum . Neque hoc tam intelligi volumus de secessu ac ocio loci remoti à strepitu & tu●bis insanien●is populi , quam de domicilio virtutis ac doctrinae dissentiente à judicio populi , qui ex veritate pauca ex opinione multa aestimat . Majores nostri Academias signato vocabulo , appellavere universitates , vel quod universarum divinarum , humanaeumque rerum , tum initiorum , causarumque , tum cujusque rei cognitio , in iis ut thesauro conservata aperiatur , vel quod in earum consuetudine & frequentatione liceat perdiscere universi mundi hominum mores , linguas & leges , regionum situs & variam indolem , ex civibus sine asperitate perigrinationum . Oratio Inauguralis Acad. Lugduno Batav . habita A Ludovico Capello . Est propriè quidem Academia caetus hominum exercentium studia literarum , & in iis sese occupantium : Metonymicè vero locus ubi exercentur studia docendo discendóque . Iun. Academ . c. 2. Ludus metonymicè Latinis dicitur pro loco ludi literarii : Nam omnem Scholam , inquit Asconius , ludum dix●re Romani , quia liberali ingenio ludus est , quum literas , artes , historias , scientiasque discit . Iunii Academia c. 2. Legitima forma Academiae est , ut disciplinae cujusque certi doctores electi , publicis praemiis ornati , artium professioni suae commissarum praelectiones & exercitationes via & tempore definitas , officio , fide , diligentia tueatur . Rami preaem . Reform . Paris . Acad. Synagogues , as the Synagogue of Hierusalem , Antioch , Ephesus , and Alexandria , and Studia .

They alwaies built their Academies in some famous City , as at Ierusalem , Athens , Rome , Constantinople .

The use of Academies is very necessary many waies , therefore those Common-wealths most flourished which did most esteem them .

Nothing is more Princely then to defend and provide for Schools and Universities , Carolus Magnus Germanicae linguae Grammaticam commeniatus est , mensibus a●que ventis nomen dedit Claudius Caesar usque adeò Graecis literis excelluerit , ut tres novas literas illi linguae sua industria adjecerit . Pertinax imperator Grammaticam docuit . Iulius Caesar commentarios edidit . Ptolomaeus orbem terratum tabulis circumscripsit . Imperator Constantinus legere , scribere , & medita●i consuevit . Aelius Adrianus Imperator omnium scien●iatum cognitione p●aeditus , G●ae●●que doctissimus multos libros scripsit , uti Aurelius Victor , Aelius Spartianus , & Iulius Capitolinus scribunt . Rex Aluredus B●dae historiam gentis Anglorum . Severini Boetii Philosophiae consolationem , & Or●sium Hispanum historicum insignem in Sax●nicam linguam authore Gul. Malmes traduxit . Caius de Antiquit. Can●●b . Acad. l. 1. Ne quid detrimenti capiat literaria Respublica , Nothing more conducible to the profit of Scholars , then to indow Colledges with great Immunities and Priviledges . So in times past did many Learned Heroes cherish Learning and favour Learned men , in Greece , Alexander ; in Asia , Mithridates ; in Egypt , Ptolomy ; in Spain , Alphonsus ; in Germany , Charles the Great and the 4th ; in Boh●mia , the Founder of the University of Prague ; in Prusia , Albertus the Elder ; in Italy , Iulius , Augustus , Maecenas ; in France , Francis the first ; in England , Edward the 3d d , Henry the 7th , and Elizabeth his wife , Henry the 8th , Edward the 6th , Queen Mary , Queen Elizabeth , King Iames.

Zanchius reckons up four most weighty causes of publick Divinity Schools . Orat. 1. Planè si natura nostra in ea puritate & integritate in qua condita fuit , permansisset , tum omnes homines natura perfecti Logici , Rhetores , Theologi , Jurisconsulti , Medici , Ethici & Politici , imò omnium virtutum viva exemplaria extitissent , nec Schola aut institutio ulla necessaria fuisset . Alihus . Orat. Panegyr . de Necessitate , util . & Antiq. Scholarum . In Scholis enim homines ad pietatem veram , vitae integritatem & morum honestatem formantur . Ex Scholis homines docti , sapientes , excellentes , & eruditi sumuntur ad ministerium Ecclesiae & ad Reipublicae gubernationem . Primitivam Ecclesiam suas Scholas habuisse , testantur omnes historici Ecclesiastici . In hisce pueri prima religionis elementa discebant , & deinde libros sacros explicari audiebant , & artes liberales , ut testatur historia Ecclesiastica , Cent. 2. 6. 7. & in Cent. seqq. eodem capite . Id. ibid. Vide Coringii de Antiquitat . Academ . Dissertat . Sex .

1. That the Propheticall and Apostolicall Writings might be preserved in them , from corruption or destruction , which is the cause why Libraries were alwaies wont to be added to these Schools , in which other Books being written out faithfully in Hebrew , Greek , and Latine were kept . 2. That there might be perpetuall witnesses in Schools which might testifie by a continuall succession , what Books were truly Canonicall and what Apocryphall . 3. That these Schools might also testifie what was the native and genuine sense of such Writings , and what doctrine was truly Apostolicall .

The last cause was , That from those Colleges those might be drawn out which were indeed fit to teach others , and to govern Churches .

The whole Kingdom of Israel was filled with Theologicall Schools , according to the commandement of God .

Samuel was the first builder of Colledges that we reade of , he called his Colledge Najoh , that is , even beauty it self . In Ramah the Prophets dwelt with the Students , which were called Sonnes of the Prophets . Amos saith , I am not a Prophet , nor the sonne of a Prophet , that is , I was never taught in the Schools of the Prophets , and the Learned .

They had Schools amongst the people till the destruction of Ierusalem . The Vide Alting . Hist. Academ . Hebr. Jews being dispersed among other Nations , alwaies endeavoured to keep their Schools , which they called Synagogues , which were Colledges , as it were , in which the Law of God was interpreted among the more Learned , and wherein they conferred and disputed about the Scriptures , Act. 6. 9.

In Ecclesiasticall Histories we may see this care of the Apostles and their Disciples in setling Schools every where where Churches were built , and in setting over Certè honesta professorum stipendia , non minus nervi sunt Scholarum , quam pecuniae belli . Zanch. in 2 da Orat. them such men as were indued with singular piety and Learning . Hence those most famous Schools of Antioch , Alexandria and Constantinople , and many others in the East , and also in the West , which were indowed by Emperours and Kings with most ample rewards , priviledges and all kinde of benefits , that the pure Doctrine might be continued in them .

The Egyptians , Chaldeans , Babylonians , Persians , Grecians , Romans , set up Schools , and by great liberality and other waies promoted Learning , and incouraged Honos alit artes , omnesque incenduntur ad studia gloria . Schollars . Vide Lipsi Lovanium l. 3. c. 6 , 7 , 8.

Quintilian in the second Chapter of his first Book , Instit. Orat. handleth this Question , Utiliusne sit domi atque intra privatos parietes studentem continere , an frequentiae scholarum & velut publicis praeceptoribus tradere : Whether children be more profitably taught at home , or in some publick School .

Ante omnia , ( saith he ) futurus orator , cui in maxima celebritate & in media Reipublicae luce vivendum est , assuescat jam à tenero non reformidare homines , neque illa solitaria & velut umbratili vita pallescere . Necesse est enim sibi nimium tribuat , qui se nemini comparat .

Adde quòd domi ea sola discere potest quae ipsi praecipientur , in Schola , etiam quae aliis . Audiet multa quotidie probari , multa corrigi , proderit alicujus objurgata desidia : proderit laudata industria : excitabitur laude aemulatio : turpe ducet cedere pari , pulchrum superasse majores . Accendunt omnia haec animos : & licet ipsa vitium sit ambitio , frequenter tamen causa virtutum est .

Immediatly after Schollars come to the University , they are matriculated , and Matricularii vocabantur , quorum nomina Matriculae inscripta . Matricula verò est nominum catalogus , vel regestum , pro quo vulgo registrum dicunt . In Academiis Matriculam appellant codicem , in quem referuntur nomina omnium Academicâ fruentium libertate . Cui cùm inscribuntur , studiorum gratiâ , in Academiam missi , dicuntur matriculari . Vossius de vitiis Sermonis . lib. 3. cap. 24. then they enjoy the priviledges of the University .

They are called Undergraduates till they receive a degree , after Graduati , or in better Latine , In gradu aliquo dignitatis constituti .

The first degree with us is that of Bachelor of Arts , which they cannot attain Baccalaureus baccis lauri compositus puratur , sed potius corruptum censeo ex batualitus : ut sit à batuendo , ex quo batailie . Batualij verò fuerint vocati , quia jam quasi batuissent cum adversario , ac manus conseruissent : hoc est , publicè disputasserent , atque ita peritiae suae specimen dedissent . Vossius De vitiis ● ermonis l. 1. c. 19. usually before four years standing , or near it .

Three years after they may ( if they be sufficient Schollars ) take the Degree of Masters of Arts , which are Doctors , as it were of the Arts , and therefore a Master of Art takes place of a Doctor of Musick , because he is Doctor but of one Art .

Seven years after they are Masters of Arts they may take the Degree of Bachelors of Divinity , and five years after , they may Commence Doctors of Divinity ; so that they are almost of twenty years standing before they take that highest Degree .

Of the Ceremonies used in creating of Doctors , Dr Prideaux speaks sufficiently in his Lectures .

Alsted in his Encyclopaedia , l. 24. c. 13. and Iunius in Academiis , handle the Universities after the Alphabeticall order of the severall Countries , and so beginning with Anglia , they first mention Oxford and Cambridge , then they mention Bohemia , and in it Prague ; then Denmark , in it Hafna ; then France , in it Alsted mentions sixteen Universities ; then Germany , where he rehearseth twenty five Universities ; then Spain , there he reckons up twenty two Universities ; then Italy , there eleven ; three in Polonia , and three in Scotland . Iunius speaks of Lusitania before Polonia , where he mentions Conimbra . Leukenor ( our Countryman ) in his Discourse of Universities , first begins with Germany high and low , and so goes on with Italy , France , Polonia , Prussia and Lituania , Bohemia and Moravia , Spain , England and Scotland .

Middendorpius mentions them in this order , Italy , Sicily , Germany , Polonia , Spain , England , Scotland .

CHAP. VIII . Of the Universities of Germany , Denmark , and Sweden .

I Shall follow Leukenors method , ( who is much beholding to Middendorpius and Neander ) beginning with Germany , and ending with England , Scotland , and Ireland .

I might speak also of the famous University of Athens , the Greece of Greece , Vide Neandri Geog. partem I am . Una urbs Atrica pluribus annis eloquentiae , quam universa Graecia , operibusque floruit , adeo ut corpora gentis illius separata sint in alias Civitates , ingenia vero solis Atheniensium muris clausa existimes . Patero . Hist. lib. 2. cap. 18. as Thucidides cals it . It was the place where Rhetorick had its first birth , and was brought to an height greater then it ever had in any place .

In which one City in memory of one age , were more Learned men , and that in a manner altogether , then all time doth remember .

In Philosophy , Plato , Aristotle , Xenophon , Euclide and Theophrast .

In Eloquence and Civil Law , Demosthenes , Aeschynes , Lycurgus , Dinachus , Demades , Isocrates , Isaeus , Lysias , Antisthenes , Androcides .

In Histories , Thucydides , Xenophon .

In Poetry , Aeschylus , Sophocles , Euripides , Aristophanes .

It was the universall Study of all the world : one was not held Learned , ( saith Munster in the 4th Book of his Universall Cosmography ) who had not studied at Athens .

The Mathematicks excepted , which came rather from the Chaldeans and the Egyptians , the whole flower of Arts and good Learning came from Greece .

Of the Universities in Germany , High and Low.

Divers great Schollars have been bred in Germany . Quantos sane viros vel unica tum Germania ▪ statim protulit ! Rabanū Maurum , Strabum ●●ldensem , Haymonem , Walafridum Strabonem , Paschasium Ratbertum , Amalaricum Trevirensem , Halitgerium , omnes scriptis editis clarissimos una Corbeia nostra ad visurgim Bremae dedit ordine integros quinque priores Episcopos eosque omnium optimos , nec minus alibi pari virtute aliquam multos Goring . de Antiq. Academ . Dissert. 3. Floruerunt hic Rupertus Tuitiensis , Albertus magnus , Thomas Aquinas , Johannes Scotus . Europaei orbis Academiae .

Ockam a stout Defender of the Rights of the Empire against the encroachments of the Pope .

Otho Frisingensis the Historian .

Albertus Magnus the Philosopher .

Martin Luther that great instrument of the Reformation , and Philip Melancthon his coadjutor in that work , the Phoenix of that age .

Ioachim Camerarius a great friend of Philips .

Martin Chemnitius a solid and laborious Writer .

Flaccius Illyricus the chief Author of the Magdeburgian Centuries .

Sebastian Munster an industrious Cosmographer , and a learned Linguist .

Silburgius and both the Buxtorfs .

Alsted mentions twenty five Universities in Germany , others reckon fewer .

Germania plures nune Academias habet , quam reliqua Europa universa ▪ Lipsii Lovanium l. 3. c. 8.

I. The Universities of High Germany .

Colen .

The University was instituted by Pope Urbane the sixt , at the instance of the Senate and people of Colen , in the year of our Saviours Incarnation 1388 , saith Middendorpius . He not only gave them full power and authority to conferre all degrees of Scholasticall honour to the Students therein , but also confirmed unto them by a publique Charter , the Priviledges of Paris .

There are three Colledges , Collegium Montanum , Laurentianum , and Novum Coronarum .

There is also another most famous publick Schola trilinguis , wherein the Hebrew , Greek and Latine tongues , and the Arts are also taught .

Basil.

Armianus Marcellinus saith it is derived from 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , which signifieth a Kingdom , Helvetiorum urbs florentissima Basilea , sic dicta , ut volum ▪ quod verè 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 si● , regina urbium ac regia urb● . Melch. Ad. in Vita Iacobi Zuingeri Munst. Cosm. l. 2. because it is a royall City seated in a Princely place .

The River Rheine passeth thorow it , and by means of it many Merchants come thither .

The University was founded by Pope Pius the 2 d , Anno 1459. and he granted to it all the Priviledges , Rights and Liberties which Colen , Erford , Vienna and Heidelberg enjoyed .

Basil * * Dr James corrupt . of Script . Counc . & Fath. part. 5. is no great City nor very rich , yet it hath often Printed and Reprinted the Fathers Works .

Erasmus of Roterdam was buried in the great Church here .

Here lives now the famous young Iohn Buxtorfe .

Mentz . Moguntina ejus urbus Archiepiscopus fuit Bonifacius Anglus Evangelista Germaniae , qui Ecclesias Germaniae rexit , annos 40. In diaecesi Moguntinensi vixit etiam Johannes Tritemius Abbas Spanheimensis , vir doctissimus & acutissimus , cujus extant opera aliquot mira & ingeniosa : Cronica praeterea , & Epistolarum libri duo , in quibus insunt multae Epistolae ad Monarchas & principes varios , quibus doctrinae multiplicis ac ingenii summi ergò omnibus fuit acceptissimus . Neand. Geog parte 1 ● .

Dietherus of Eisenburg the Archbishop of Mentz was the Founder of this University in the year of our Lord 1482 ▪ wherein at the first beginning , all Arts in generall were professed , but now only Philosophy , and the knowledge of the Tongues , and Divinity by the Jesuites .

This City hath deserved no small praise and commendation of all Christendom , for that ingenious and most necessary Art of Printing , there first invented and put in practise by the famous and worthy Gentleman Iohn Gutenberg , in the year 1459.

Imprimit ille die quantum vix scribitur anno , O Germania muneris repertrix , Quo nihil utilius dedit vetustas , Libros scribere quae doces premendo .

Wirtsburg .

In the year of Salvation 1403. Iohn the 2 d of that name , and 55th Bishop of Wirtsburg , instituted therein an University , priviledged and authorized by Pope Boniface the 9th , and called thither out of the most renowned Schools of Christendom , divers Learned Professors of Philosophy , Divinity , and other inferiour Studies .

Trier .

The University here is thought to be one of the oldest Academies in Europe , the Citizens thereof have no Record when it was first erected , by reason of the manifold and often changes it hath endured .

It appeareth manifestly by an Epistle of Gratian the Emperour to Antonius Regent of Gaule , that all Studies universally flourished in this City .

Heidelberge . The taking of that famous Library in respect of many choice Manuscripts , and removing it to Rome was a great losse . Heidelbergam ubi nunc agimus , maritus m●us ab issustrissimo Principe Palatino Imperii Septemviro accitus est , ad medicinam publicè docendam : est enim una inter Germaniae Academia ▪ non postrema . Olymp. Ful. Morat . Epist. l. 2. Victoriae Moratae .

It is the Metropolis of the Palatinacy of Rheine , wherein the Palsgraves or Countes Palatines continually hold their Courts and residence .

Rupertus the 10th Palatine of Rheine erected in this City an University , Anno Dom. 3346. which in succession of time grew to be reckoned among the most worthy and famous Nurseries of the Arts ▪ Pope Urban the 6th confirmed the same with the Priviledges and Prerogatives of Paris .

This Academy hath fostered many Learned men , as Rudolphus Agricola , William Xilander , Thomas Erastus , Zachary Ursin , Conradus Pellicanus Munsters Master , Pareus .

Also in this University did that industrious excellently learned Scholar Sebastian Munster , * * Ego anno 1524 ▪ usque ad annum 1529. Primus Hebraismi professor publicè ibi sacram linguam docui Cosm. l. 3. In Heidelberga literas Graecas ann●● superioribus docuit vir doctissimus & optimè meritus de Graecis literis Gulielmus Xylander , cujus laboribus debemus cuncta Plutarchi opera , Dionem Coceīum Cedrenam , Graecos Historicos pulcherrimè conversos , Strabonem & Stephanum utrumque , Geographos Graecos correctos & emendatos , & multos libros eruditos veterum alios , qui ejus potissimum opera revixerunt . Medicinam autem ibi cum celebritate nominis singulari docet Thomas Erastus . Neand , Geog. parte 1a. publickly profess the Hebrew Tongue .

Tubing .

The University was erected there in the year 1477. Urbs Tubinge Clarissima Academia celebri & crudita & professoribus Philosophiae , artium ▪ omnium , linguarum & facultatum doctissimis . In ea annis superioribus cum celebritate maxima nominis medicinam docuit Leonhardus Fuchsius , primus medicinae hac nostra aetate ex immensa barbarie repurgator , cujus in publico extant institutionum medicinae ad Hippocratis , Galeni , aliorumque veterum scripta recte intelligenda mirè utiles libri quinque . In eadem Academia profitetur , cum celebritate nominis , etiam inter barbaras gentes , studia cloquentiae & linguarum , clarissimus ac doctissimus vir Martinus Crusius . Neand. Orb. Ter. part . succinct . Explicat . parte 1 ● .

Many Learned Scholars have issued from it .

Iohn Reuclin , Gabriel Biel and Iohn Nauclerus taught here .

Iohn Stofler a most Learned Astronomer .

Martin Crusius was a most famous Professor of Eloquence , Arts and Languages in this University .

Ingolestat .

This University was Instituted in the year of Salvation 1459. In Schola Ingolstadiana , cui praesunt Jesuitae tacet Christus : silent Evangelistae : obmutuit Paulus : muti sunt omnes Prophetae & Apostoli : tonat autem Thomas de Aquin● : latrat Lombardus : Plato currit : Socrates stat: Aristoteles gannit : Scholastici clamant , omnia denique auditoria nil praeterquam humanas traditiones , boant reboantque quorum fundamenta in sacris Bibliis habentur capite nullo , libro nescio quo . Et haec est Jesuitica concionandi facultas . Hasenmul . Historia Jesuit . Ord. c. 7.

The Jesuites Govern here .

Eccius and Staphylus lived here .

Erford .

An University was therein instituted by Dag●bert the French King , in the year 1391. which with many Priviledges was confirmed and authorized by Pope Boniface the 9th , and Pius the 2 d.

Leiptzige .

A University was here erected about the year 1408. and the year following Academia Lipsensis . Petrus Mosellanus Graecarum literarum erat in hac Academia Professor . Europ . Orbis Acad. confirmed by Pope Pius the 2 d and Alexander the 5th , and repaired by George Duke of Saxony , in the year 1554.

They are much given to drunkenness here .

Aeneas Sylvius in the first book of Panormitane de gestis Alphonsi regis , writeth , that when one Leonardus a Noble Gentleman came to visit a certain kinsman of his that was then Student in Leiptzige , enquiring among Students how he did , and how he had profited in Learning , he was answered by one of the young mans companions , that he carried himself very well , quia inter mille & quingentos hic unus bibendi palmam obtinet , among fifteen hundred he hath the name of the best drinker .

Wittenberge .

Duke Frederick the son of Ernestus Elector , erected in this City an University , Wittebergensis Academia singulare Germaniae ornamentum . Beza Epist. 64. Viteberga , tum Academiae nomine celeberrima tum etiam Megalandri Lutheri & Philippi Melanchthonis , duorum praestantissimorum heroum & doctorum per terrarum orbem famigeratissima ▪ Neand. Geog. parte 1 ● . about the year 1502. which since in this later age is grown famous , by reason of the Controversies and Disputations of Religion there handled by Martin Luther and his adherents .

Many worthy Writers received their education here , as Wesenbechius , Henningus and Oldendorpius two Lawyers famous for their Works through all Germany , and in our later age Martin Luther and Philip Melancthon there have flourished .

Frankford upon Oder .

There are in Germany two Frankfords , both Cities of great fame and worth ; Francoforda ad moenum nundinalis Musarum Academia , Francofordenses Athenae . Musarum nundinae mercuriales , & totius orbis Emporiorum compendium , Hen. Steph. in Encom . Francoforda ad Oderam Clara Jodocho Willichio , medicinae atque omnis Philosophiae eruditae doctore celeberrimo , de quo testari possunt ●um alii ejus doctissimi libri , tum etiam ars ejus magirica , hoc est , Culinaria de cibatiis , videlicet , ferculis , obsoniis , & potibus diversis parandis , & eorum facultatibus liber medicus , philologis & sani●a●is tuendae studiosis omnibus apprimè utilis , & Graecam linguam in illa Academia Matthaeus Hostius profitetur , & professus est magna cum sedulitare & dexteritate , enarrandi eruditè optimos veteres Graecos & Latinos autores annos quadraginta quinque senex octogenarius fere , & nuper edidit opus eruditum , laboriosum , & multi temporis , & varium , historiae ●ei nummariae veteris libros quinque Bibliothecam nummariam locupletissimam . Neand. Geog. parte 1 ● . the one lieth in Franconia upon the River Meine , well known to all Merchants and travellers , by reason of two rich and famous Marts or Fairs held therein every year , viz. at mid-lent before Easter , and in the middle of September . The other is situated near to the Oder , a goodly River , passing through the Dominion of the Marquess of Brandeburge , one of the seven Electors .

Ioachim Marquess of Branderburg , first founded in this later Frankford an University in the year of Grace 1506. and bountifully provided for the maintenance thereof , indowing the same with large Revenews and rich Possessions : as it was afterward authorized by Pope Alexander the 6th , and by Pope Iulius the 2 d , and Maximilian the first of that name Emperour , enfranchised with many priviledges .

In this City the three Tongues are with great and profound Learning professed : also the Civil Law , Physick , and the Mathematiques are there publikely taught .

Reinerus Reineccius the great Historian lived here : Iacobus Ebertus who was Professor of Ethicks here , was a great Linguist .

Rostoche .

In the year of Christs Nativity 1415. the Princes of Mekleburge and the Citizens of Rostoche obtained licence to erect in this City an University , wherein the Arts in generall have ever since been Learnedly professed .

Gripswalde .

About the year of our Lord 1456. lived herein a certain Learned Doctor of the Laws , which being Proconsul or Burgomaster of the Town , obtained for the same many goodly Priviledges and licence to erect an University , which being by him only begun , was perfected and enlarged by the great care and diligence of Philip Duke of Pomerland , in the year 1547.

Friburge .

In the year of our Saviour 1460. or as some say 1450. Albert Duke of Austria founded in this City an Academy , and liberally endued the same with large revenews and possessions . In the year 1467. this University received many Statutes and Ordinances from Vienna in Austria : from whence also came many great and Learned Clerks , here publikely to profess Theology , the Laws Civil , Canon , and the other Arts. And at length the Emperour Fredericke , in the year 1472. much augmented and increased the same : the chiefest Colledge herein , is that which is called Domus Sapientiae .

Udalricus Zasius a Lawyer taught here many years with great praise , and left divers Commentaries upon the Civil Law .

Martpurge .

An University was instituted in this City about the year 1526. which was afterward repaired and reinstituted by Philip the Landgrave of Hesse , in the year 1536. It was authorized by Charles the 5th at Regeusburge , who endued it with priviledges of Vienna .

Iohn Oldendorp the most famous Lawyer of Germany , also Iohanno Draco and Andrew Urbs Marpurga clara Johanne Oldendorpio clarissimo omnium inter Jureconsultos Germaniae . Johanne etiam Draconite , & Andrea Hyperio Theologis Clarissimis . Neand. Geog. parte 1 ● . Hyperius most famous Divines lived here .

Diling .

In the year 1564. Otto Truchses Cardinall of the Roman Church , Bishop of Middendorp . De Acad. Ausburge , and Protector of Germany , for the great and singular love wherewith he alwaies embraced Learning , brought the Jesuites into this City , and erected therein an University of his own charge and expence , wherein the Arts have ever since been with great diligence and Learning professed .

Vienna .

It is the most renowned Metropolis and residence of the Archdukes of Austria , Viennae clari fuerunt Wolfgagnus Lazius Medicus & Historicus Ferdinandi Imperatoris , incredibili rerum cognitione ac lectione , multa variaque praestantissimus , cujus multa egregia opera historica erudita ab illo conscripta prodiere in publicum . Iulius Alexandrinus cujus de medico & medicina extant libri quinque opus valde eruditum . Claret ibi etiamnum Iohannes Sambucus Medicus & Historicus , è cujus Bibliotheca manuscripta locupletissima , quam peregrinationibus & sumptibus immensis de ●uderibus Bibliothecarum Graecarum collegit , & conquisivit , prod ierunt hactenus aliquot utiles scriptores ac libri Graeci , inter hos etiam Nonnii Poetae Graeci . Dionysia 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 lib. 48. à Plantino pulcherrimis typis elucubratis . Superioribus seculis non incelebris etiam Viennae fuit Matthias Farmator , qui librum qui lumen animae ▪ Pontificiis dictus fuit , conscripsit , quo tamen nihil est Caliginosius . Neand. Orb. Ter. Part. Succinct . Explicat . parte 1 ● . Vide plura ibid. a City for wealth most opulent , and for strength most invincible , the only Bullwark of the Christians against their perpetuall and barbarous enemy the Turk .

This City is famous for the Citizens valiant holding out against the Turks siege in the year 1529. in which 8000 Turks were slain .

See Mr Foxes Acts and Monum . Vol. 1. p ▪ 978.

In this City is a publick and famous University of great name , first founded and instituted after the rules of Rome and Paris , in the year 1239. by the Emperour Frederick the 2 d , to the end he might leave unto his sonne Conradus , an Empire strongly guarded and defended with men Learned and skilfull in the Liberall Sciences , which afterward Rudolphus the 4th , Albertus the 3d d , and Leopoldus the 2 d , three brothers , Archdukes of Austria , with sundry priviledges Entranchised , and removed the same from the place wherein it first was instituted , near to the Palace of the Archdukes .

These were famous men in Vienna , viz. Wolfgangus Lazius Medicus an Historian to the Emperour Ferdinand : also Iulius Alexandrinus , Mathias Farinator , also Iohn Haselbach was Professor of Divinity in this University Anno Christi 1402. who was so large in the explication of that which he propounded to his audience , that he preached twenty years out of the Prophet Isaiah , and yet he was not come to the end of the first Chapter .

Peurbachius and Regiomontanus , ( those two famous Astronomers ) were Professors Pantaleon tomo 2 do vitorum Germaniae illustrium . also of the Mathematicks here .

In the year 1562. at the cost of Ferdinand Emperour , but by the study and unwearied labour of Iohn Albertus Widmanstade , Chancellour of Orientall Austria , a Lawyer , and excelling in the knowledge of divers learned Languages , the New Testament was printed at Vienna in the Syriack Tongue , which Manuscript in that Language Moses Meredinerus a Priest brought out of Mesopotamia of greater Asia into Europe , sent for this purpose into those parts by Ignatius Patriarch of Antioch , that he finding a Patron who would undergo the charge , that written Copy might by Printing be dimulged among the Christians living in Syria and under the Empire of the Turk , Persian and Tartarian , which are the three most potent Empires of Asia .

II. The Universities of Low Germany or the Low Countries .

Belgium or Germania inferior , ( in English the Low Countries and the Netherlands ) from their low situation , and their conformity with the other Germans in Laws , Language , Customs and Manners .

It hath bred and countenanced many Scholars of note . 1. Erasmus the great Restorer of Learning . 2. Iustus Lipsius , as eminent a Reviver of the Latine elegancies . 3. Ioseph Scaliger the sonne of Iulius . 4. Rodolphus Agricola . 5. Levinus Lemnius . 6. Ianus Douza , the Father and the sonne . 7. Abraham Ortelius and Gerard Mercator the Geographers . 8. George Cassander . 9. Gerard Vossius a great Scholar and very industrious . 10. Hugo Grotius a Learned Lawyer . 11. Of the Popish party Iansenius and Pamelius .

Lovaine .

This is a pleasant City . Iohn Duke of Brabant obtained of Pope Martin the Urbs Lovanium urbs pulcherrima complexa intra muros areas latè patentes , pr●ta , vineas , hortos , per quam mediam praeterea fluvius Delalabitur . Neand , Geograph . parte 1 ● ▪ Vide Lipsi Lovanium . 5th , the approbation of an University in this City , Letters and good Discipline began there publickly to be taught about the year 1426. Afterwards Pope Eugenius the 6th licensed therein the profession of Theology .

No University of Italy , France or Germany , may with this be compared for pleasant ayr and delectable walks .

In it are for the use of the Students twenty Colledges , the principall whereof Collegia nomina habent ab insignibus suis , & sunt Lilium , Falco , Castrum , Porcus . Accedit alius locus linguarum notitiae destinatus , quem à re vocant Collegium Trilingue ; nam Hebraica , Graeca , Latina illic docentur . Lipsi Lovanium l. 3. c ▪ 4. are five , Lilium , Castrum , Porcus , Falco , Collegium Trilingue .

Cornelius Gemma professed Physick here .

Bessarian the Cardinall being the Popes Legat into the Low Countries in the year 1513. was entertained here in the Colledge of Divines , he left there a memory of himself , Biblia manuscripta . Lipsi Lovan .

Douay .

In this City not long since was erected a famous University by Philip late King of Spain , and authorized with the priviledges of Lovaine , where Theology , Philosophy , and the inferiour Arts are Learnedly professed .

Liege .

In this City flourished in times past a most famous and renowned Academy , wherein were Students at one time the children of nine Kings , twenty four Dukes , twenty nine Earls , besides the sonnes of many Barons and Gentlemen . It is at this day decaied and almost utterly extinguished ; only some triviall Schools for the institution of youth in the inferiour Studies are there remaining .

Leiden .

There is scarce a Country in the world , which in so little a space hath so many neat Towns as Holland .

Leiden is one of the six capitall Towns of Holland , and is beautified with many Tu Leyda ut vetustate tua meritò possis gloriari , ita illud in te potissimum , quod musarum decus & praesidium merita sis appellari . De Academia tua loquor , quae amplissimis privilegiis , & eximiis ornata ingeniis , nobilissimos quosque juvenes è longe diffi●is regnis , ad capiendum animi cultum ad se invitat . Boxhorn . Epist. Dedicat. ad Theat. Holland . Why it is called Lugdunum , See Vossius de Histor. G●aec . l. 3. p. 266. It is called Lugdunum Batavorum to distinguish it from Lions in France . This Town is fair , neat , and spacious , divided with divers Chanels , in the best air of all Holland , and seems most fit for the Muses . Magistratus hic construxit Hortum infinitis ●erbis re●ertum in gratiam medicinae studiosorum . Est & Theatrum Anatomicum , visu dignum Swertii Athen. Belg. pleasant Medows , Gardens , Arbors and Wals round about it . Here was born Iohn Bucold ( alias Iohn of Leyden ) a Taylor , who played Rex in Munster .

In this City was erected an University in the year 1575. by William Prince of Orange .

They being there miraculously delivered from the Spaniards great Army , to shew their thankfulness erected this University and indowed it with goodly priviledges , whereto were called from divers parts , Professors in all faculties , allowing them good stipends . Vide Boxhorn . Epist. Dedicat. ad Theat. Holland .

It doth flourish now , and sundry Professors of the liberall Sciences are there maintained with liberall stipends .

The first Professour there was Polyander .

Iustus Lipsius , Bonaventure Valcane , Francis Iunius , Ioseph Scaliger , Clusius Heinsius , Salmasins , and divers others taught here .

These things are considerable in the University :

1. The Physick-Garden , Is longe amaenissimus est , arboribus & stirpibus rarissimis è longinquis regionibus huc advectis refertissimus . 2. The Anatomy-Theatre , where there is Mummie of Egypt , the Idols of the Heathens , Birds which came from China , and other far Countreys . 3. The Library , well stored with Books of Divinity , Law , Physick , Philology , Philosophy and Mathematicks , both printed and Manuscripts . There is Catalogus Bibliothecae publicae Lugduno-Batavae . At the end of which there is Catalogus Librorum Manusuriptorum , quos Iosephus Scaliger Bibliothecae Leydensi legavit , & Libri MSS. Arabici , quos ex Oriente advexit I. Golius , Heinsii pro Bibliothecarii munere Gratiarum Actio .

There are divers choice Manuscripts of several Languages , given by Ioseph Scaliger and Bonaventure Vulcane , and divers Arabick and Samaritane , and other Books which Iacobus Golius brought in great number from the East .

Bredah . It was taken five times , some yet living having been in every siege , or the surprize of it .

It is the Prince of Orenge his Patrimony . The Prince of Orenge was the Founder of that University .

There is a Book printed wherein are the several speeches made by the Professors in the day of their Inauguration .

Utrect . Trajectum vel Ultrajectum . Trajectum Latine , pessime Ultrajectum , quis enim tam barbarus , qui dixerit ultra trajicere . Boxhorn . Theat. Holland . Ex hac urbe Romanum Pontificem Hadrianum ejus nominis sextum nostra videt aetas . Hadrianu● Barlandus De Hollandia .

The learned Voetius is Professour here .

Anna Maria Schurman that mirrour of women lived there also .

Daventer . Urbs Daventria , celebris à Schola in qua Erasmus Roterodamus olim fundamenta literarum didicit , patria Ortuini Gratii qui & Apologiam adversus Reuchlinum olim scripsit & collegit praeterea fasciculum rerum expetendarum ac fugiendarum , cui operi insunt summorum aliquot vitorum Epistolae , libe●●i , tractatus , opuscula , orationes numero 60 in quibus multae causae Religionis excutiuntur , opus prorsus insigne . N●and . O●b . Ter. Part. Succinct . explic . part. 1.

Daventer is illustris Schola , or Gymnasium , but not an University .

Franekere .

Here Drusius , Ma●covius , Doctor Ames , and Cocceius of late were Professors . D. Ames speaks of its first foundation .

Harderwick .

Harderwick is an University of late standing .

Groning .

This City was the Countrey of that learned man Rodolphus Agricola , here Ubb● Emmius ( Frisiae suae decus ) was Professour of History , and the Greek . Here was also Franciscus Gomarus . Henry Alting Doctor and Professour of Divinity . Cauponarum in G●oninga ejusque sub ▪ urbiis numerus forte plusquam centies superat numerum templorum cultui divino intra illius moenia consecratorum . Maresii Oratio de Cauponis vitandis . Vide Vit. Profes . Groningae .

Maresius the learned Frenchman is Professour now there .

There are two Universities in Denmark .

I. Copenhagen . Academia Hafniensis , seu Coppenhagensis aucta à Christiano tertio anno 1540. Variisque privilegiis ab Imperatore & Pontifice donata .

In this City was erected an University by Christian Earl of Oldenburge , in the year of Salvation 1478. after he had gained the Regal Diadem . For the which he obtained at the hands of Pope Sixtus the 4th the priviledges of Bononia .

This Academy was afterward augmented and enlarged by King Christian the 3d d , in the year 1498. and after him by Frederick the 2 d , in the year 1549.

When Tycho Brahe was past twelve years old , his Uncle sent him to Hafnia the Gassend . l. 1. De Tychonis Brahei vita . Metropolis of the Kingdom of Denmark , that he might study Philosophy and Rhetorick in that famous University .

II. Sore , or Soroe . Academia Sorana pro equestri ac generosa juventute in studiis exercitiisque equitandl , digladiandi , saltandi , sculpendi , & id genus aliis artibus informanda primùm fundata à Christiano secundo , post anno 1648. ab eodem privilegiis ac professoribus aucta , iisdem quibus alia autem gaudet immunitatibus .

Upsal . Academia Upsalensis .

It is the only University in Sweden .

CHAP. IX . Of the Universities of Italy .

ITaly is the most noble Region of Europe , and is commonly called , its beautifull Singulari Del beneficio evenit , ut Turcis Graeciam op ▪ primentibus , viri artium & utrinsque linguae cognitione praestantes , in Italiam exulatum venirent , ibique tutum sibi & musis receptum quaererent . Quibus Florentia , Venetiae , Roma , Ticinum & Mediolanum , hospitium & commodum docendi locum praebuere . Primúsque omnium fuit Emmanuel Chrysoloras , Byzantius . Cui successere Georgius Trapezuntius , Theodorus Gaza , Thessalonicensis , Iohannes Argyropylus Byzantinus , Demetrius Chaleocondyles , & Iohanne , Lascares Athenientes , & Maurus Musurus Cre●ensis . Horum beneficio Musae Graecae primùm in Italiam sunt deductae : et paulò post etiam Alpes in Galliam & Germaniam transvolarunt . Gregorius etiam Typhernas , è Chrysolorae Schola profectus , omnium primus Lutetiae Graecas literas publicè docuit eique Hieronymus Spartia●a Graecus successit : cujus auditores Iohannes Capuio Suevus , & Erasmus Roterodamus Belga culturam istarum primi ad Germanos transtul●runt , studióque & opera sua in Germania superiore late sparserunt . Laurent . R●odoman . Orat. De Lingua Graeca . Garden .

The Italians do maintain , cherish , and honour Scholars , and are good Maecenasses to them . Hence there are so many Universities in Italy , as Rome , Venice , Padua , Bononia , Ferrara , Millan , Pavia , Turim , Florence , Pisa , Sienna , Medena , Naples , Salern .

Here flourished the famous Oratours , Cicero , Hortensius and Antonius ; the renowned Historians Livie , Tacitus and Salust ; the memorable Poets , Virgil , Ovid , Catullus , Tibullus and Propertius ; Plautus and Terence the Comedians ; the Satyrists , Hor●ce , Iuvenal and Persius , Aeneas Silvius afterwards Pope Pius the 2 d , Marsilius Patavinus , Petrarch , Angelus Politianus , Rodolphus Volaterranus , Picus Mirandula , Guido Bonatus , Ariosto and Tasso , Sixtus Senensis , Bellarmine , Baronius , were Italians .

Rome . De Romanae urbis amplitudine consulito Geogium Fabricium in sua Roma & O●uphrium Panuinium l. 1. Commentariorum Reipublicae Romanae Constanti● . L' Emp. Not. in Benjaminem .

It was so named from Romulus who layed thereof the first foundation .

Nauclerus writeth , that Urbane the 4th of that name , being Pope , was much grieved to see the course of Studies in the Roman Academy intermitted , and all good discipline neglected : wherefore immediately he caused to be sent for that famous and most learned Clerk Thomas of Aquine , to direct and govern it , who setting aside all care and respect of worldly promotion , applied his minde wholly to reform , restore and adorn the same : during which time , at the Popes intreaty he did write many excellent Commentaries upon divine and humane Philosophy . Pope Innocent the 4th ratified this University . Pope Clement the 5th in a Councel held at Vienna , ordained , That at Rome , or wheresoever the Pope in person should be resident , the Hebrew , Chaldee and Arabick tongues should publickly be taught . Pope Eugenius the 4th much adorned this Academy .

Pope Nicholas the 5th , being himself a learned Prelate , highly favouring all Aelian , Grego.ry the great , Aulus Gelli●s , Laurentius Valla , Aldus Manutius , and his sonne , Antonius Sabellicus were Romans . There is a Book of Andrew Schots De viris illustribus urbis Romae . Porphyrius apostata è Tyro huc venit ad Plotinum infignem professorem . Severus Imperator bonorum studiorum gratia ex Aphrica Romam quoque venit . Swertii Athenae Belgicae . Aurelius Augustinus Carthagine professionis causa Romam venit , & Alypius ut jus Civile ibi addisceret . Divus quoque Hier●●mus hic docuit , & Damasi Pontificis jussu Psalterium correxit . I● . ibid. learned men , did more labour in repairing and beautifying this glorious Academy then any of his Predecessours .

Pope Leo the 10th exhibited liberal pensions to several learned men , which by their pains and industry upheld the glory of this renowned Academy . He sent into Turky for Iohn Lascaris , who robbing all the Heathen Universities of their best and worthiest Authors , did therewith plentifully furnish and adorn the Roman Libraries .

Sixtus the 4th builded in the Vaticane that famous and renowned Library , called Palatina .

Venice .

Italy is the face of Europe , Venice the eye of Italy . Urbs extructa in mari Adriatico , complexa in circuitu octo miliaria Italica , potentissima , & multis nominibus per totum terrarum orbem famigeratissima . Neand. Geog. part . 1. Mi●to miraculum urbis , omnium urbium quae unquam fuerint pulcherrimae , sed urbis velut insularis , omnibus tamen viis ac regionibus subternavigabilis , Classemque , Xerxis verius , quam fixam aedificiis urbem refe●entis . Veneti Opifices , quam vis Graecarum Latinarumque literarum rudes & imperiti tantum Arithmeticae , tantum Geometriae usum habent , ut libros de Arithmetica deque Geometria subtilissimos conscribant . Itaque Veneti professores Eloquentiae , Philosophiae , Medicinae , Jurisprudentiae Patavinam Academiam jampridem celeberrimam fecerunt . Rami. Schol. Mathem . lib. 3.

Georgius Fabricius in itinere suo Romano , hath these verses of it .

Urbs Venetum foecunda viris vener anda Senat● , Pro portis illi est Nereus , pro moenibus aequor . Unum collectum mundum miramur in urbem , Quicquid habet tellus , aequora quicquid habent .

Many men excellently learned in Rhetorick , Philosophy and Theology , have there flourished and professed .

Iohannes Rovennas taught in Venice , from whom issued many excellent wits , which restored Schools and Discipline .

After the Latine Tongue was again restored , Emanuel Chrysoloras began to teach the Greek .

Many other singular Scholars have taught and lived in this City , as Hermolaus * * Hermolaus Barbarus non minus rerum publicarum usu , quam eruditione praeditus . Insignem ejus doctrinam cum in Latinis , tum Graecis literis monumenta scriptorum quae reliquit abundè testantur : Patriae nomen profectò mirifice illustravit . Leand. Albert. Descrip. tot . Ital. in Venet. Aloysius Lippomanus antistes Veronensium , literis & virtutibus insignis homo qui Catenam auream in Vetus Testamentum elegantissimam composuit . Id. ibid. Genuerunt Venetiae Casparem Contarenum virum optimum ac doctissimum , qui à Paulo III. Pont. max. Cardinalium ordini allectus est , & legationem Bononiensem gessit , ubi supremum vitae explevit diem anno post C. N. MDXLII . Doctissimus & ipse erat , & doctorum alter Maecenas . Ita Petrum Bembum quem Paulus quoque III. Pont. in Cardinalium Collegium ob insignem virtutem adoptavit , de cujus ornatu ac elegantia tam in sermonibus quam scriptis , neque solum Latinis & Graecis , verum etiam vernaculis , quae jam Europa tota legit & admiratur , multa profectò dicere possemus , sed in alium locum quicquid ejus est rejicere cogimur . Mortem obiit Romae summo cum dolore litteratorum anno post C. N. MDXLVII . Leand. Albert. ibid. Vide plura ibid. pag. 807 , 808 , 809. Barbarus , Guarinus Varonensis , Leonardus Iustinianus , Anthonius Mancinellus , Iohn Baptista Egnatius , Caelius Secundus Curi● , Peter Bembus , Gaspar Contarenus , Aldus Manutius , and Paulus his son .

Bessarion Cardinal of Rome and Patriark of Constantinople , bestowed 30000 Crowns on a Library , which he caused to be erected in Venice , which afterward the Dukes thereof exceedingly augmented and adorned .

Petrus de Assasio , Master Bartholus the famous Civil Lawyer builded in this Academy Collegium pietatis , for the education of poor mens children , and such Orphanes , as should happen in the street at any time to be taken up .

Padua .

This City is famous for Livie a most eloquent and wise writer , who hath written Patavium the History of the people of Rome in fourteen Decads . The City it self ,

— Doctiloquis sedes aptissima Musis , Nathan . Chy. traeus in itinere Veneto . Magna loco , spaciosa foro , placidissima coeli Temperie , muróque triplex latissima fossis , Et magnis celebrata viris .

The University was established anno 1220. It is famous for Physicians , who have here a Garden of Simples . Orti hinc inclyti viri quam plurimi , quorum è numero veteris memoriae gloria T. Livius historicorum Peinceps fult . Scripsit Historiae Romanae 140. libros arte & elegantia tanta , prorsus ut nec aetas superior , neque tota posteritas non modo potiorem , sed ne parem quidem ullum habuerit scriptorem . Francis●us Zabarella summus Jurisconsultus , uti litterarum monumenta ejus testantur . Leand. Albert. Descript. Ital. Vide plura ibid.

Leander writeth , that in Padua is a free and publick Academy , wherein all Studies and Sciences universally are professed : erected by Frederick the 2 d in contempt of the Bononian Students .

There is no City in Italy , which for beauty and statelinesse of Edifices , may with this place worthily be paragomed .

Patavinus a minorite Frier , who wrote so learnedly in behalf of the Emperour against the Pope , and Francis Zaborella the Civilian , Maginus the Geographer , and divers others lived here .

Bononia .

It is the chief University of Italy , and the retiring place of the Popes . Gymnasium totius Europae antiquissimum atque celebratissimum . Melch. Ad. Bononiae vel ipsum nomen praecipuum laetitiae gratulationisque fructum nobis attulit . Rami. Epist. Senat. in Bonon . Praedicabile in primis illud , & gloriandum videbatur , universae Italiae consensu singularis doctrinae gloriam vestrae civitati concessam esse . Nam velut in aliquo laudum certamine principes Italiae civitates inter se contendissent , ita suam cuique quatenus vicerat palmam contigisse : indeque Romam sanctam , Venetias opulentas , Florentiam lepidam , Mediolanum celebre , Bononiam doctam appellari . Id. ibid. Bononiam equidem unicè amo coloque non solùm quia me professorem opraverit , sed multo maxime , quia una inter doctissimas Italiae Academias : Consensu omnium omnis doctrinae laude princeps habeatur . Ergo Bononia doctis professoribus semper excelluit semperque floruit : hinc praesentia ornamenta Bononiensis Academiae , Sigonius Orator , Cardanus Medicus , Papius Jureconsultorum , Crassus Scaevolaque . Rami Scholae Mathem . lib. 3. Ubi Latinae linguae atque eloquentiae professor fuit Carolus Sigonius Mutinensis , doctrinae vir singularis atque mirabilis , qui praeter plurima alia in fastos & triumphos Romanorum , id est in universam historiam Romanam scripsit valde eruditos commentarios . De Repub. l. 4. & plurima alia . Leander in sua Roma scribit Bononiae in Templ● Divi Dominici asservari Biblia in albo corio ipsa manu Esdrae scripta . Neand. Geog. part. 1.

This University was first founded ( say some ) when Theodosius swayed the Scepter of the Roman Empire , though others doubt of it .

Pope Gregory the 9th , Pope Boniface the 8th , and Pope Iohn the 23. writing sundry learned Treatises , did dedicate them all to this University .

Pope Clement the 5th in a Councel held at Vienna , decreed , That besides the study of all the liberal Arts , the Hebrew , Arabick and Chaldean Languages should be there publickly taught .

The Civil Law is much studied here , insomuch that from hence proceeded the famous Civilians .

Iohannes Andreas professed in this Academy the Law with great fame and estimation .

Azo that bright shining lamp of Learning was here also a publique Professour of the Civil Law .

Io. Antonius Maginus was publick Professour of the Mathematicks .

Here also taught Bartholus and Accursius .

Of the learned Divines , Philosophers , Lawyers , both of the Civil and Canon-Law , Orators and Poets , the learned Physicians , Historians , Musicians , Arithmeticians of Bononia , See Leand. Albert. Descript. Ital. in Roma , pag. 514 , 515 , 516.

Ferrara . Antonius Becarius Scodraus Episcopus ordinis Praedicatorum Monachus , vir apprimè doctus , uti scriptorum ejus monumenta testantur Felinus quoque Sandaeus Episco . pus , qui multa de Pontificio jure pereruditè scripta reliquit , Ferrariae genitus est , itemque Hieronymus Savonarola praedicatorum ordinis Monachus , eximia vir doctrina nec minoris vitae sanctitate , integritatéque , sicut opera posteritati relicta probant . Floruit circa 1497. Christo nato annum . Ludovicus Ariostus Ferrariensis mirabilem planè ingenil facultatem in Orlan●o Furioso demonstravit , plurimorum excellentium Poetarum inventionibus , praecipuéque Virgilii tam commodè ac luculenter ad institutum adhibitis , ut non fabulae confictae , sed verae rerum narrationes & historiae videantur . In eodem illorum Catalogo qui Ferrariam illustrarunt , Caelius Calcagnimus fuit , in patria Canonicus , ingenii splendore summo , & Latinis Graecisque litteris apprimè eruditus , Orator juxta ac Poëta elegantissimus , ut litterarum monumentis est testatus . Nunc adhuc urbem hanc Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus nobilitat . assiduus scriptor , & Graecae linguae interpres , ingenii acerrimi . Paucissimos aetate nostra cum eo comparari Graecarum Latinarumque litterarum scientia posse equidem absque adulatione censemus : memoriaque praeterea tam est tenaci , ut quod semel legerit , ejus eum perpetuò recordari posse arbitrer . Ornat jam quoque Ferrariam Latinis Poëmatis Ludovicus Bigus , item elegantissimis orationibus editis Alexander Guarinus , praeterea Gaspar Sardus eximius historicus . Leand. Alb. Descript. tot . Ital. in Romanula .

Volateranus writeth that Salicet was in the year of Christs Nativity 1316. sent for by Albertus Duke of Ferrara , to institute a common School in this City , which was afterward confirmed and priviledged by Pope Boniface the eighth , and exceedingly augmented by the bounty and liberality of the succeeding Princes of Este.

Sundry learned Writers have proceeded from this Academy , as Felinus Sammaeus , the Interpreter of the Canon-Law , Andraeas Alciatus , Theodorus Gaza , Alexander Guarinus , Caelus Calcanimus , to whom Rhodiginus dedicated his book of four and twenty ancient readings , Baptista Gnavinus , and Nocholaus Leonicenus , Peter Bembus his master , Iohannes Manardus , Lilius Gyraldus , Alexander Sardus , Angelus Aretinus the famous Lawyer .

Millan .

This City is one of the greatest of Europe , it is seven miles in circuit .

It hath by long and ancient custom enjoyed a free and publick University .

It was very famous in Virgils time , who studied there , as some write .

Demetrius Cydonius born in Thessalonica , forsaking his native Countrey , came Virgilius Maro ibi litteris operam dedit . Hermolans , Barbarus , Georgius ▪ Merula , Caelius Rhodiginus , Erycius Putcanus , omnes praestantissimi viri in hac Academia floruerunt . Swertii Athenae Belgicae . Vide Leand. Albert. Descript. tot Ital. in Lombardia . Transpadana urbs Mediolanum clara Ambrosio Episcopo , cujus opera Theologica varia & ferè descripta ac conversa de veterum : Graecorum Theologorum libris & Commentariis , quod planum sit & perspicuum conferenti ex emendatione & recognitione Erasmi in Tomos quatuor distincta , Basil●ae excusa sunt . Neand. Geog. parte 1 2. to Millan , where he studied first the Latine Tongue , and afterward Divinity , during which time he translated the books of Thomas of Aquine into Greek .

The great ornaments of Millan were Ambrose , Hermolans Barbarus , Caelius Rhodiginus , and Hierom Cardane , that great Mathematician and learned Doctor of Physick , and Alciate .

Pavia , or Papia .

It is so called from its great affection to the Popes , seated on the River Ticinus . Papiensis sive Ticinensis Academia an. 1361. It was anciently called Ticinum .

The University there is thought to have been erected by Charles the Great , not long after Paris : for this Emperour zealously affecting the propagation of Christian Religion , sent unto this City one of those Priests , which came to him into France out of England , from venerable Bede , crying out in all places , that they carried about them wisdom to sell , at which time began first the Institution of this Academy .

In this place did Baldus reade his latest Lectures , for he died , and was buried in the Covent of the Friers minorites .

Turin a City of Piemont .

A goodly University was here erected by the Dukes of Savoy , which excelled Tau●inum . all other Italian Academies , for their perfection in Typography , or the Art of Printing . Erasmus Roterodamus did in this University proceed Doctor of Divinity , where he after became a publick Professour of the same .

Florence in Hetruria , or Tuscia flos urbium Italicarum .

It exceeds all the Italian Cities in beauty .

Cosmo de Medices erected here an Univesity . He caused to be sent for into Florence

Vide Rami Praef. Mathem ▪ tertia .

Plorentini fuere Leo Albertus , Dantes Algerius cum Francisco Petrarcha . Doctrinam utriusque summam eorum scripta satis indicant . Matthaeus Palmerius qui supplementum ▪ Temporum Eusebio edidit , librosque de vita Civili 4 o● conscripsit , Facius Ubertus insignis Geographus & Poeta laureatus . Ioannes Carolus Ex sodalitare praedicatorum , qui multas illustrium hominum sui ordinis vitas candido jucundoque stylo condidit . Marsilius Ficinus merito dictus ▪ Platonicus ob opera Platonis è Graeco in Latinum versa . Petrus Crinitus , qui libros de honesta voluptate cum e●uaite , tum eleganter scripsit . Leand. Albert. Descript. totius Italiae in Thuscia . Academiam habet Florentia apud omnes Europae populos celebratissimam . Fundamenta ejus jecit Cosmus Medices , Pater Patriae appellatus . Coeptam magno studio auxit praeclaris Avi sui vestigiis insistens , Laurentius Magnus , Princeps Florenti●us : quo ●●ce Homerum in Italiam venisse scribit Epistola ad ipsum Marcilius Ficinus : ab eodem cum Ioanne Argyropylo , Demetrio Chalcondila , Pico , Angelo Politiano , aliisque doctissimis viris , Florentiam evocatis . Merula . Cosmog. part. 2. l. 4.

Argyrophilus a Grecian born , and at that time in the studies of Rhetorick and Philosophy singularly learned , to the end that the youth of Florence might by him be instructed in the Greek Tongue , and the Liberal Sciences . He entertained also in his house Marcilius Ficinus a Platonick Philosopher , him he entirely loved .

This Academy was afterward by Lawrance De Medices his sons sonne , finished and brought to a full , absolute and flourishing perfection . This Laurence was a great lover of good Letters , he held Marsilius Ficinus ( whom his grandfather had caused to come to Florence ) in great esteem . He nourished in his house that excellent Scholar Angelus Politianus , who in his youth did first make the Grecian Poet Homer speak in the Latine Tongue .

He entertained with liberal pensions and exhibitions , Demetrius Chalcondylas , Florentinus etiam fuit Franciscus Guiccardinus eruditissimus , ac facundissimus scriptor , qui tum alia scripsit , tam etiam sui temporis historiam elu●ob●avit libris ●rigin●ae . Neand. Geog. part. 1. Picus Mirandula , and sundry others , much renowned for their singular learning . Pope Paulus the third , although he daily heard in the Roman Academy , Pomponius Laetus , a man excellently learned , yet was he exceedingly desirous to study in the Florentine University , because the Greek and Latine Tongues , together with the other Arts , were there professed with greatest sincerity and profoundnesse . This Prince much augmented , and with great cost adorned the Library which his Grandfather Cosmus had erected near the Temple of St Mark : from whence of late time have been brought to light many excellent books , which long have lain obscured , and were to be found in no other place of Christendom , as Eusebius Caesariensis , Hierocles , and the works of Clemens Alexandrinus , and others .

Another Library was in this City erected at St Laurence his Church , by Pope Clement the seventh .

Pisa.

A University was erected here about the year 1339.

Not long after it began exceedingly to flourish , as appeareth by the many grave and reverend Doctors , which therein received their instruction and education , viz. Pope Eugenius the 3d. Also Raimerus and Bartholomeus , two deep and profound Scholars of the Order of the Friers Predicants , whereof the one did write that egregious work of Pantheology : the other set forth The Summe of Cases of Conscience .

There have been learned Professours in this University , Felinus Sandaeus , Franciscus Aretinus , who was held to be the most judicious Civil Lawyer of his time .

Bartholus after be had proceeded in Bononia , did in the Pisan Academy ( as himself confesseth ) publickly professe the Civil-Law , Cosmo de Medices restored again this Academy , which in his time was exceedingly decayed .

After him Laurence his Nephew so much adorned and augmented the same , that Volaterranus and Machiavel name him as the first Founder and Erector thereof .

Sienna .

There is a fair Church here of Marble , in which are the pictures of all the Academia Senensis . Habet Sena Academiam per celebrem , id est , generale studium , unde & complures magni in re litteraria nominis hactenus prodierunt , & cultiores indies prodeunt . Quod illi civitati cum multis Italiae urbibus commune est , in quibus litterarum studia maximè florent Siquidem ad caeteras foelicitates illa vel praecipua Italiae accedit , quod omnium bonarum artium domicilium , non secus ac illa quondam Graecia , jure potest appellari . Biblioth. Hisp. Sena vulgò Siena claret illustri Academia , atque ob puritatem linguae Tuscanae sive Hetruscae , reliquis omnibus Italiae civitatibus antefertur ; qua de causa Nationes etiam exterae , quae studiorum & linguae purioris Italicae addiscendae gratiâ in Italia peregrinantur , hunc locum , prae caeteris , ubi aliquandiu commorentur , eligunt , moti quoque fortassis aptima victus ratione , & salubra aeris temporie quâ gaudet . Hentzueri Itinerarium . Popes from Peter , and also of Pope Ioan , till Baronius caused it to be pulled down .

An University was here long since erected , as appeareth by the authentick testimony of sundry learned Historiographers .

Petrus Ancoranus confesseth , that himself being sent for by the Councell of Sienna , in the year 1357. did in this University three years publickly professe the Civil-Law .

In the time of Pope Iohn the second all manner of studies exceedingly flourished there .

Panormitanus , Paulus Castrensis , Bartholomeus , Socinus , Philippus Decius , Hngo Senensis , and many others of great learning , did adorn this renowned Academy .

In this City was born Aeneas Silvius , who afterward was Pope Pius the 2 d , by whose bounty and benevolence this Academy was adorned with many priviledges . Francis Picolominy , after Pope Pius the 3d d , and Sixtus hence sirnamed Senensis the greatest Scholar of the three , if not of all the age he lived in .

There is a Colledge in it called Domus Sapientiae .

Modena .

When this City was erected , or by whom the University was priviledged , Authors mention not .

Naples .

It is a magnificent and neat City . Philip King of Spain was born there , Virgil Neapolitani fuerunt Alexander ab Alexandro , cujus genialium dierum l. 6. extant varia & erudita doctrina referti , Ioannes item Baptista Porta , cujus libri 4 Magiae naturalis , sive de rerum naturalium miraculis in studiosorum manibus reperiuntur . Neand. Geog. part. 1. the Prince of Poets lived there , Livie , Horace , Claudian , Francis Petrarch , Panormitane , Laurentius Valla , Blondus , Bartholomaeus Facius , Nicolaus Saguntinus , all most excellent men , many of them Divines and Philosophers . Here Lucilius the Poet , and Thomas Aquinas flourished .

Salern .

This flourished heretofore in the studies of Physick , being consulted by Richard the first King of England when he went to the Holy Warre , they wrote a good book of preserving health ,

Anglorum Regi scribit Schola tota Salerni : Si vis incolumem , si vis te reddere sanum , Curas tolle graves , irasci erede profanum Parce mer● , coenato parum , non sit tibi vanum , Surgere post epulas , somnum fuge meridianum . Nec mictum retine , nec comprime fortiter annum . Haec bene si serves , tu longo tempore vives .

By degrees also other Arts were here taught , although now by the injury of time , and by the splendour of other near Academies it be almost obscured .

CHAP. X. Of the Universities of France .

FRance is famous for Corn Wine and Salt . Gallia multis laudum & variis nominibus foelix habetur , sed uno beneficio naturae praecipuè beats , quod clarissimis fluviis in omnes mundi partes profluentibus est irrigua : Pado illo fluviorum Rege in orientem , Rhodano in meridiem , Sequana in occidentem , Rheno in Septentrionem . Sed Gallia Parisiensis Academiae Disciplinis & artibus longè soelicissima , longéque beatissima fuerit . Longè enim latiores longioresque tractus habent ista disciplinarum slumina , & plures terras Nationes que complectuntur . Ea enim Parisiensis Academiae fama est per universam Latini nominis Europam , ut nemo satis eruditus esse videatur , nisi qui Lutetiae didicerit : haec Academia non urbis unius , sed universi orbis Academia est . Ramus Prooem. Reform . Paris . Academ .

It hath bred many learned men , Prosper of Aquitain , Irenaeus the renowned Bishop of Lions , Cassianus , Bernard Abbot of Clarevalle , Peter Lombard Bishop of Paris , Iohn Gerson Chancellour of that University .

Ausonius the Poet , Hottoman and Gotfredus the Civilians , Duarenus the Canonist , Barn . Brissonius the great Antiquary , Isaac Casaubon that renowned Philologer , Budaeus that great Master of the Greek Language , Thuanus the Historian , Laurentius the Anatomist .

Of later time ,

Claudius Espencaeus a Sorbon Doctor , Cardinal Peron , Genebrard the Historian , Petavius .

For Protestants , Calvin , Beza , Farel , Viret , Danaeus , Peter du Moulin , Fr. Iunius , Chamier , Philip de Mornay Lord of Phessis . Daillè .

Some reckon up sixteen Universities in France , some more . Sedecem amplissimi regni Academiae , Parisiorum , Aureliorum , Biturigum , Andium , Pictonum , Rhenorum , Divionensium , Cadomorum , Nannetum , Burdegalensium . Aqueensium , Gratianopolitanorum , Valentinensium , Tholosarum , Cadurcorum , Nitiobrigum , Avenionem adderem nisi Pontificis quam regis esse malle● . Rami Scholae Mathemat . lib. 3.

Paris , Poictiers , Lions , Angiers , Avignion , Orleance , Bourges , Cane , Rhemes , Burdeaux , Tholouse , Nismes , Mompellier , Bisanson , Dole , Nantes , Grenoble , Valens , Avenion , and Massils , which is the ancientest of them all , and founded by the Grecians .

In the Province of the Gauls there was a particular Countrey called Parisium , in which Iulius Caesar in his Commentaries of the warres made with the Gauls , speaking of it , cals it Lutetiam Parisiorum , meaning that this Town was set on Parisium . Pasquier Recherch . de la France l. 9. c. 2.

Paris . Lutetia Academiarum omnium regina . Erasm. Epist. Verè dici potest omnium Scholarum quas post homines natos floruisse memoriae proditum est , hanc unam esse praestantissimam . Rami Prooem reformandae Paris . Acad. p. 457. O Lutetiae Parisiorum decus , Galliarum solatium , sedem universo hominum generi concessam , Templum religionis , aram legum , medicinae portum , arcem ingenuarum disciplinarum , gloriosissimum bonarum , laudandarumque rerum omnium domicilium : huc Indorum gymnosophystae , magi Persarum , Vates Chaldaeorum , Graecorum sapientes , sacerdotes Aegyptiorum , omniaque omnium terrarum miracula , huc tres orbis dominae , principiesque linguae convenerunt , & commune sibi hospitium domestico usu , & familiari consuetudine fecerunt . Pet. Rami Dialect . praef. 1.

Paris ( the Metropolis ) is the first and most ancient University of France .

L'Academie de Paris estant , tant pour son antiquitè , pour le nombre d'escholiers , que pour l'opinion de doctrine , la premiere de toutes les universitez qui estoyent au monde . Preface D' Antoine Du Verdier Sur Sa Bibliotheque .

It was called Lutetia from lutum , which signifies dirt , because it abounded with dirt and mire , and the French have a Proverb , That a thing stains like the dirt of Paris , Il gaste comme la fange de Paris .

The Emperour Charles the Great did institute this famous University at the earnest Lutetia duodecim millia domorum continet intra mures , praeter eos vicos qui sunt in pomoeriis , quorum capacitas longe urbem ipsam dicitur superare . Domos autem illas no putaveris casas . Sunt enim plurimae quae aliquot hominum millia capere queant , in quibus scientiarum omnium , trium linguarum cultus , Eloquentiae exercitationes , superant auditorum fidem . Scalig. De Subtil . ad Card. exercit CCLX . Lutetia urbs praestans inter omnes Europae multis nominibus , subu●biis etiam decem adeò amplis ut horum alia ●ertare queant cum amplis urbibus Italiae . Neand. Orbis Terrae Partium Succincta explicatio , part. 1. suite and instigation of Alcuinus , whose Scholar he had been in the year of Salvation almost 791. so Ramus and Middendorpe , Parisiensis , Patavina , & Ticinensis Academiae Carolum magnum parentem suum appellant Papyr . Masson . Annal. l. 2.

Utcunque se res habeat satis constat Anglos primos Lutetiae bonas artes docuisse . Polyd. Verg. Hist. Anglic. l. 5.

Pasquier de Recherches de la France . lib. 9. cap. 4. seems to deny that Charles the Great was the founder of this University , and in the 5th and 6th Chapters of that Book , he shews his own opinion about it .

He saith there ( lib. 3. cap. 29. ) that Peter Lombard laid the first stone of the University of Paris .

The Kings of France have beautified it from time to time with many sumptuous Lewis the 9th . Philip the 6 th . Charles the 6th . edifices , adorned it with many high and noble priviledges , and endued it with many rich and princely revenues .

Some speak of a hundred Colledges there built all of costly marble-stone , for the use of Students .

Others mention but fifty four or fifty two Colledges , whereof fourty are of Lutetiae 54. Collegia existunt , eaque omnia ferè ab Ecclesiasticis condita vel locupletata , quot & quanta in ulla alia orbis Academia vix quispiam notaverit . Geneb . Chronol. l. 4. little use , and in the rest the Students live at their own charges , there being no indowment laid unto any of them , except those two , the Sorbonne , and the Colledge of Navarre .

1. That of the Sorbonists .

The King St Lewis by the counsel of Robert of Sorbonne ( which took his sirname , Le Theatre Des Antiquites De Paris Par Jacques Du Breul . as they say , from the place of his Nativity ) his Almoner and Confessour , resolved to erect a Colledge of Divines , which retains the name of Sorbonne . The most famous Doctors in Divinity have studied in this Colledge . The Pope Clement the 4th confirmed the foundation of this Colledge . Theologi Parisienses primum totius Europae locum eo genere sibi vendicant , duo habent praecipuè Collegia , Sorbonam & Navarram , eoque confluere solent ex omnibus propè gentibus doctrinae percipiendae causa . Sleid. Comment. lib. 4.

He that answers there continueth from morning to night .

II. The Colledge of Navarre was founded by Ioan Queen of France and Navar in the year of Grace 1304. She inriched likewise this Colledge with an excellent Library .

The greatest part of the young Princes , Lords and Gentlemen in France are customarily nourished and instructed in this Colledge rather then another , as well for its pleasant situation and neatnesse , as because of its royal foundation .

Petrus de Aliaco Chancellour of Paris hath bestowed so much on this Colledge , that he is esteemed as a second Founder .

Francis of Valois King of France , anno Dom. 1530. did send for sundry learned Franciscus primus Rex Gulielmo Budaeo & Joanne Bellaio hortantibus ad addendum Colophonemiis , quae in Parisiensi Academia desiderabantur , destinato aureorum ducatorum honorario Regios linguarum professores instituit Hebraicae quidem Franciscum V●tablum , Graecè autem Petrum Danesium Parisiensem . Geneb . Chronol. l. 4. Professours of the Greek and Hebrew Tongues , unto whom he allowed liberall exhibitions , unto which he added afterward ( being moved thereunto by the counsell and perswasions of William Budie and Iohn Bellay , two singularly learned men ) the profession of Physick , Philosophy , and the Mathematicks , See Pasquiers Recherches St Denis for France . de la France l. 9. c. 2.

Dionysius Areopagita first taught in this City the principles of Religion .

Clodoveus primus religionem Christianam in Franco Gallorum principatu fundavit . Thuanus Hist. Tom. 3. l. 73.

The Kings Readers and Professours in the Greek Tongue in the University of Viri doctrin● multa & varia literis & linguis eruditis , praecipuis & variis in Academia Parisian● illustres docuere & floruere . Petrus Lombardus Episcopus Parisiensis , qui quod de sententiis & testimoniis patrum explicarionem omnium capitum doctrinae Ecclesiae scripsisset , venerabili nomine Magister sententiarum cognominatus fuit , Joannes Gerson , Cancellarius Parisiensis Theologus , qui Concilio Constantiensi intersuit , cum Joannes Hus cum socio constantissimo M. Hieronymo ▪ à Praga exureretur . Gulielmus Budaeus , Carolus Molinaeus , Andreas Tiraquellus , Jacobus Sylvius , Gulielmus Postellus , Franciscus Vatablus , Adrianus Tarnelus , Dionysius Lambinus , Petrus Ramus , Robertus Stephanus viri doctrina ▪ sapientia atque literis praestantissimi ac nobilissimi , & quidam alii . Neand. Orb. Ter. Part. Succinct . Explicat . part. 1. Paris from the year 1529.

Petrus Danesius , Iohannes Auratus , Iacobus Tusanus , Petrus Gallandius , Adrianus Turnebus , Dionysius Lambinus , Ludovicus Regis , Georgius Critonus Scotus Natione , Nicolaus Borbonius , and others .

The Kings Readers and Professours in the Hebrew Tongue in Paris from the year 1529.

Franciscus Vatablus , Iohannes Mercerus , Gilberius Genebrardus , Agathius Guidacorius , Rodolphus Baynus Anglus , Iohannes Quinquarboreus , Franciscus Iordanus , Petrus Victor Palma Cajetanus , and others .

The Kings Readers and Professours in the Mathematicks in Paeris from the year 1533.

Orontius Fineus , Iohannes Merlierus , Gulielmus Postellus , Ioannes Pena , Ramus his Scholar , Petrus Forcadellus , Iohannes Bullingerus .

The Kings Readers and Professours in the Latine Tongue , or Eloquence in Paris from the year 1534.

Bartholomaeus Latomus , Leodegarius de Quercu , Frederieus Morellus , Ioannes Passeratius , Theodorus Marcilius .

The Kings Readers and Professours in Philosophy in Paris from the year 1562.

Franciscus Vicomeratus an Italian , and a great Philosopher , Petrus Ramus , Iacobus Marius , and others .

The Kings Readers and Professours in Physick in Paris from the year 1543.

Vidus Vidius , Iacobus Silvius , Iacobus Goupylus , Ludovicus Duretus , Ioannes Duretus , Ioannes Faber , Ioannes Riolanus , Master to Sir Theodore Miram , Claudius Carolus .

Poictiers , Pictavia .

Poictiers is the Metropolis of the Earldom of Poictou , for Antiquity , not inferiour to any Town of France , second to Paris , onely in greatnesse , power and majesty .

In this City hath long flourished a most learned University , for the Civil-Law Andreas Tiraquellus was Governour of it . chiefly , of great fame and authority in degree and preheminence next to Paris .

Scaliger in his Cities thus speaks of it ,

Si studium est animae : veniunt à corpore vires ; Galliaque à meritis poscit utrumque sibi : Hac studiis , aliae belli exercentur amore . Pictavium est animus , caetera corpus erunt .

It was erected under Charles the 7th King of France , and confirmed by Pope Eugenius the 4th .

We read in the Ecclesiastical Histories , that St Hilary called the Apostle of Aquitaine , first revealed unto this people the light of the Gospel , and became the first Bishop of Poictiers , his excellent writings sufficiently testifie his singular wisdom and learning .

Ioannes E●pnion and Christophorus Longolius were Professors here .

Lions .

The Arms of the City are a Lion , whence the name of the City in French Lugdunum . Anno Dom. 830. Lyon .

In this City flourished an Academy of great fame and celebrity , which hath sent forth into the world many excellent men , renowned for their great learning and holinesse of life , as Irenaeus and Eu●herius both Archbishops of Lions .

This City is famous for Iohn Waldus learned in the Scriptures , who opposed the Hic claruit Joannes Gerson , eam exornavit Petrus Toletus , Bartholomaeus Argenterius , aliique magni nominis viri . Swertii Athen. Belg. Pope and his Doctrine , whence the Waldenses called by some Pauperes De Lugduno , the poor men of Lions .

It was a Colony of the Romans . They erected a University here near the Church , and consecrated it to Minerva , Eloquence was chiefly adorned , and the youth was much exercised in learning it .

Palleat , ut nudis pressit qui calcibus anguem , Aut Lugdunensem rhetor dicturus ad aram . Juv. Sat.

Angiers .

It is the Metropolis of the Dukedom of Aniou .

A publick University was in this City erected by Lewis the second about that Andegavum Vinum album celebratissimae est bonitatis : le vin d' Aniou . Iodoc. Sincer. Itinerar . Gal. Non ingrata fuit Academia in educandis jurisconsultis magni nominis , qui fuerunt Lazarus Bayfius , Franc. Balduinus , Eguinarius Baro , Johannes Bodinus ( aliquibus , joco , puto , dictus Andius sine bono ) Parliamenti Parisiens . advocatus & alii . Golni●●i Itinerarium Bellico ▪ Gallicum . time that Rupertus Phaltsgrave of Rheine founded Heidelberg in Germany , which was about the year 1346. Others will have it to be founded in the year 1362. at which time Casimire erected Cracon in Polonia .

It flourisheth in the study of the Latine especially .

Henry Valoise Duke of Aniou , brother to King Charles the ninth , not long since with much industrious care , laboured to augment and restore the same : the which good work that he might the better perform , he with great munificence invited thither sundry excellently learned Scholars : amongst the which was Francis Baldwin , who therein to his everlasting memory did establish the profession of the Civil-Law .

Bodine came out of this University .

Avignion .

I is an ancient City of Prouuence , situated on the bank of Rhodanus , wherein is an University of long continuance .

Pope Iohn the 22. transferred the Apostolick seat from Rome unto this City , after whom it remained there 74 years , or thereabout .

The City and Church of Avignion are at this day immediately subjected to the Popes of Rome , who first became Lords thereof , by means of a certain Neapolitane Queen , who being indebted to the Church of Rome , resigned this City to the Bishops thereof , and his Successours for ever .

Paulus Castrensis a Lawyer , by sundry learned works he wrote , much enobled His Commentaries on the Civil-Law . Aemilius Ferretus also taught here . In Collegio Jurisconsultorum Cathedrae inscriptum notabis : Sèssio Aemilii Ferreti : Peritum orno , imperitum dedecoro . Jodoc . Sincer. Itinerar . Gal. this University .

Andreas Alciatus coming into France was hired ( as himself in an Oration he made to the Scholars of Tycinum confesseth ) for six hundred Crowns to be a publick Reader in this University . He taught the Law here .

Orleance .

It is a rich and plentifull City placed on the bank of the River Loire . Aurelia . Vinum quod ex circumiacente agro colligitur generosissimis Galliae ▪ ac ▪ censetur Sanitati tamen proficuum non creditur . Sic ut etiam ●incerne regio hoc Principi suo propinare vetitum prohibeatur . Iodoc. Sinc. Itinerar . Gal.

Some ancient Historiographers write , that the foundation of this City was laid by Aurelian the Emperour , in the year 276. and from him was called Aurelia , which name unto this day it retaineth . Others say , it was onely enlarged by him .

In this City was erected an University by Philip le Beau King of France , in the year from our Saviours Nativity 1312. wherein the Civil-Law is with such learning and admiration professed , that this Academy hath been often of grave and learned Writers , entituled the nurse or mother thereof . It enjoyeth the same priviledge with Tholouse .

The Maidens here especially labour to adorn the French Tongue , and they They call it Pindarizer . strive so to excell in it with an emulation , that they boast that they imitate Pindar .

Bourges .

It is a City in France of great fame , rich , spacious , and much frequented .

Some say , it was called Byturus quasi Bituris , from two ancient Towers , which they affirm to have been in this City erected by two brethren , which there together raigned .

Turribus à binis inde vocor Bituris .

In this City is a most glorious University , and so much admired of all learned Academiam habet celeberrimam , & cui vix ulla totius Galliae par. Erecta sub regno Ludo. vici , cui Sancti nomen inditam . Docuerunt hic jurisprudentiam Andraeus Alciatus , Eguinarius Baro , Petrus Rebuffus , Franciscus Balduinus , Fr. Duarenus , Antonius Contius , Hugo Donellus , Fr. Hotomanus , Jacobus Cuiacius , Joh. Mererius . Iodoc. Sinc. Itinerar . Gal. Authors , that whensoever they have occasion to write thereof , they call it , The ornament of Letters , and habitation of the Muses . It was many years since founded by a certain Duke of Burges , but after in continuance of time falling to decay , and being almost utterly extinct , it was again restored by sundry Kings of France . It was authorized and endued with many great priviledges and high prerogatives by Pope Paulus the 2 d of that name .

Here Alciate , Rebuffus , Duarenus , Hotoman , Bonellus and Cuiacius ( famous Lawyers ) lived and taught with great applause .

Cane .

An University was erected at Cane in Normandy , upon this occasion . Henry Academia Cadomensis . the 5th King of England , who subdued the Kingdom of France , and left the title to his posterity after many great and glorious Conquests atchieved against the French King , he at last bereaved him of Normandy , in the year 1418. In token and memory of which victory , as an eternal Trophy and Monument of his glory , he caused to be laid in Cane the foundation of this University .

The Archbishop of Dublin was the first Reader of Divinity there .

Here now lives Bochart the learned French Divine .

Rhemes .

It is a goodly City , and the Metropolis of Champaigne , wherein not long since was erected an University by the Prince Charles Guise , Cardinal of Lorain , Archbishop and Duke of Rhemes , whose glory and renown daily more and more encreaseth , by reason of the Arts so learnedly there professed .

S. Remigius was Bishop of this City , a man of holy conversation , and excellently learned , as it evidently appeareth by the Commentaries which he wrote upon the Old and New Testament . He baptized Clodovaeus a mighty and puissant King of France , together with Cho●isdis his wife , daughter to the King of Burgundy , he died in the year 498.

The French Kings are anointed at Rhemes with the oyl wherewith St Remigius had anointed Clodoveus the first Christian King of France .

Burdeaux .

It is the head City of Aquitane .

In this City hath long flourished a most renowned University commonly called Gymnasium Aquitanicum per excellentiam vocatur , quòd in nulla alia Aquitaniae Academia omne attium genus publicè tradatur . Europaei orbis Academiae . the School of Aquitaine , where the Arts are publikely taught and professed .

Here Ausonius that famous Poet was born and educated .

Tholouse .

Pope Iohn the 22 was the first Institutor of the University therein , which as it was erected not long after Paris , so doth it enjoy the same priviledges that heretofore have been granted to Paris .

There was said in times past to have been in this City a Temple , wherein were commonly reserved in secret vaults and dungeons under ground , as Possidonius saith , 15000 talents of gold , which if any man had taken , he shortly after came to some unfortunate end : From whence proceedeth the Proverb , applied commonly to those whose attempts are ever unfortunate and without success , Aurum habet Tolosanum .

Nismes .

It is called by Ptolomy , Pomponias Mela ; Strabo and others , Nema●sus ; it is an ancient City in Dolphine , wherein was lately erected an University .

Mompelliers .

A City in D●lphiny not far distant from the Mediteranian sea . Mons Pessulanus . Academia Mons peliensis Medecinae studiis toto orbe celeberrima . Ex Parisiensi scholâ prodierunt Feraelius , Hollerius , Ludovicus Duretus , Ruellius , Andreas Vesalius , Heurnius , Valetius , Iacobus Sylvius , Riolanus uterque . Ex Mompe●iensi , Gentilis , insignis Avicennae commentator , Falco , Argenterius , Dalechampius , Rondeletius , Valer●●l● , Iacobus Fontanus , Laurentius Ioubertus , Andreas Laurentius , insignis Anatomes scriptor . Primrosii Academia Mons peliensis .

An University was therein erected ( as some Writers affirm ) in the year of our Lord 1196. which afterward was endued with many priviledges by Pope Urban the fifth , who layed the foundation of a goodly house called Popes Colledge .

There have famous Physitians proceeded out of Paris , and this University .

Bisanson .

It is the Metropolis of Burgandy .

In the year of salvation 1540. by the authority of Pope Iulius the 3d d , and the Emperour Charles the 5th a new University was therein erected , which hath exceedingly since flourished .

Dole .

This is also a City in Burgundy , very strong and opulent .

An University is therein of great continuance , wherein among many other sciences the Civil Law is most Learnedly read and professed .

Carolus Molinaeus here publickly taught the Law .

Geneva .

It is a famous Town in Savoy of yery great Antiquity . Collegium inaccessum ne relinquas & intres quoque bibliothecam , in qua ostendentur tibi Biblia Gallica ante 300 , & quod excurrit annos versa . Caeterum urbs Mercurialis , vigetque in primis negotiatio serica ▪ Quin & libraria negotiatione nobilitarissima est . Jodoc . Sinc. Itinerar . Gall.

The situation of it is pleasant and the Country fertile .

There is a Library of ancient and rare Books , the French Bible translated 300 years since .

The inhabitants generally are addicted to the more pure and Reformed Religion , thence it is the refuge and asylum of the afflicted exiles of Christ .

For the Politick Government , this Common-wealth is free from all Dominion , and it obtained this liberty from Charles the 4th Emperour .

There have been many Learned men here , Peter Viret . William Farell , Iohn Calvin , Antony Sadeel , Petrus Cevallerias , Cornelius Bertram , Bucane , Theodore Fredericke Spanheme . Beza , Simon Goularti●s , Antonias Faius , Iohn Deode●● Professor of Divinity and the Hebrew Tongue , Isaac Casaubone the Kings Professor for the Greek .

CHAP. XI . Of the Universities of Polonia , Prussia and Lituania , Bohemia and Moravia .

Craconia .

IT is the Metropolis of Polonia .

An Academy was instituted in this City by Casemire the second , in the year of salvation 1361. which afterward , viz. in the year 1400. was by Uladislaus , at the instant intercession of Hedvigis his Queen ratified and confirmed with the Popes authority .

The University is not in the principall City , but in that part which lieth on the other side of the river , and is named from the first Founder thereof Cazimira : Therein are two goodly Colledges , in the one is professed Philosophy and Divinity , in the other Physick and the Civil Law ; the other inferiour studies are there also learnedly taught with great diligence of the Readers .

Posnania .

An University was erected in Posne of late years by Sigismond the King of that Nation , and confirmed by Pope Clement the eight .

The Jesuites enjoy therein a goodly Colledge , wherein they profess Theology , Philosophy , and the other inferiour studies .

Koningsperge .

Mons Regius , commonly called Koningsperge , is the Metropolis of the great Mons Regius , patria Joannis de Monte Regio sum●●i Ma●hema●ici , cujus extant subtilissima commentaria in Almagestum Prolomaei . Neand. Geog. parte 1a. Dukedome of Prussia .

Albertus Marquess of Brandeburg first erected in Konningsperge the University Anno Domini 1544. which hath ever since , even untill this present time , continually flourished .

Vilna ,

Commonly called the Wilde , is a large and apulent City in the great Dukedom of Lithuania , whereof it is the Metropolis .

Near unto the Church of St Iohn the Baptist , was lately erected a goodly and spacious Colledge , possessed by the Jesuites .

The Universities of Bohemia and Moravia .

Prage .

It is a renowned City , lying in the center of Bohemia .

This School by reason of the access of Germanes thither , grew to be exceedingly frequented , and so flourished untill the springing up of Wieliffe . Not long after him arose amongst them Hierom of Prage , and Iohn Hus , so named from a little Village wherein he was born called Hiss , which in the Bohemian Language signifieth a Goose.

Olmuts .

It is a fair and ample City ▪ in Moravia , now annexed to the Crown of Bohemia .

The University there seems to have been erected lately since the coming thither of the Jesuites , for whom there was built a magnificent and sumptuous Colledge at the Popes charges .

CHAP. XII . Of the Universities of Spain .

MUnster reckons up these as the principall Learned men in Spain , which are well known and famous elsewhere , Fulgentius , Isidore Archbishop of Sivill , Paulus Orosius , Paulus Burgensis , King Alphonsus , Columella , Higinius , Sedulius the Poet , Ludovicus Vives the Orator , Quintilian the Rhetorician , Seneca the Orator , Pomponius Mela , Raymundus Lullus , Iustin the Historiographer ; and among the Jews and Saracens , Aben Esra , David and Moses Kimchi , Avicenna , Averroes , Rasis , Mesalac , Albumazar , and many others . Maximis Hispaniam ingeniis semper abundasse historici produnt . Quantum enim Seneca , Fabius Quintilianus , Justinus historicus , Paulus Orosius , Pomponius Mela , Averrois , Avicenna , Columella , Higinius , Sedulius , Raimundus , Lullus , Rasis , Fulgentius , Sanctus Laurentius , Vincentius , Dominicus , Isidorus , Vives , &c. rem literariam & Religionem promoverint , nemo est qui ignoret . Middendorp . de Academ . lib. 3. Vide Merulae Cosmog . parte a da lib. 2.

Mercator in his Atlas , saith the Academies or Universities in Spain , are about twenty two .

Munster saith there are seven famous Universities in Spain , viz. Salamanca , Complute , Colimbria , Pinciaria , Toledo , Sanguntum , Osten , and Ilerden .

Toledo .

In this City was the University first erected by a certain Bishop of the same Sea , and was afterward confirmed by the priviledges of many Popes and Kings of Spain .

The chief sciences therein professed are the Canon and Civil Law .

The Archbishop of this City is Chancellor of Castile , Metropolitan and chief of all the Ecclesiasticall persons in Spain , the revenews of this Church amounteth to the summe of 200000 Duckats , whereof the Archbishop receiveth 80000.

Siville .

It excelleth all other Cities of Spain in fertility of the soyl , which bringeth forth Hispalis Avicenna medicus & Philosophus , & Leander , qui sua eruditione , & industria Hermegildum , & Richardum Gothorum Reges , ab Arriana haeresi ad Catholicam Religionem reduxit . Hinc Isidorus Hispalensis Episcopus . Europaei orbis Academiae . Vide Neand. Geog. parte 1 ● . all kindes of Grain , and Olives in great abundance , and is environed with green and fruitfull trees .

The Archbishop of Sivill is in degree next unto him of Toledo , he receiveth yearly out of the Church revenews 24000. Duckats .

The University herein is of great antiquity , and hath sent forth into the world many Learned and excellent men , as Pope Sylvester the 2 d , Avicen a profound Philosopher , and most excellently Learned Physitian , and Leander , who by their industry and wisdom , reclaimed Hermigild , and Richard , Kings of the Gothes from Arianism to the Catholike faith , herein also flourished Isidorus , a man much renowned for sincerity and profoundness in Learning .

In this University is a rich and most renowned Library , near to the Friars Predicants .

Valentia .

In this City is an University , which in the year of grace 1470. did wonderfully flourish . Herein Dominicke the first Founder of the Friers Predicants , did absolve the courses of Philosophy and Theology .

In this Country are made those Porceline dishes , which for pure temper of the mettall , and exquisite workmanship , are so much desired in forraign Nations .

Granada .

By the great bounty and liberality of the King of Spain in this City , was Founded Academia Granatensis . and erected a most sumptuous and magnificent Colledge to the use of the Jesuites , who are authorized therein to profess Philosophy , Divinity , and other inferiour studies .

In this place had that mirrour of Christendom Lewes of Granada his birth and education .

Compostella .

An University and Archbishops See , vulgarly called St Iago , in honour of Compostella non incelebri à sepulto ibi D. Jacobo , ad cujus monumentum olim longioribus etiam itineribus , & peregrinationibus è multis terris Europae homines accurrere solebant condonationem omnis culpae illic ●ccep●uri . Nea●d . Geog. parte 1 ● . S t Iames , whom they pretend to be buried here , and of whom there is an Order of Knights .

The Emperour Charles the great Founded herein a goodly Colledge , now Governed after the rule of Isidore .

Valladolit .

It was wont to be numbred among the seven most ancient Universities of Called Pintia in old Authors . Spain .

King Philip late deceased , because he was born there , did restore unto it the ancient Priviledges thereto belonging , and did his uttermost endeavours to raise it to his former dignity . He hath lately erected a Colledge there for the Institution of young English Gentlemen , which have abandoned their Country .

Complute .

Among many great and goodly Cities in Spain , Complute , which of the Spaniard Complutum . is commonly called Alcala de Henores , is not the meanest .

An University was herein erected by an Archbishop of Toledo , named Franciscus Ximenes , who was by profession a Franciscan Frier , in the year 1317.

There is Collegium Complutense Philosophicum : disputations upon Aristotles Logick and naturall Philosophy .

Salamanca .

Some say this University was first founded in the year of Christs incarnation Omnes Hispaniarum Pontifices , omnes proceres nostrorum , qui ubique sunt , regnorum ad suas opes in hanc Academiam conferendas & in Collegiorum multitudinem magnificentiamque augendam certatim contendisse visi sunt . Biblioth. Hispan . Tom. 1. c. 1. 1404. many Kings and Popes have granted divers priviledges to it .

Pope Clement the 5th in a Councell held at Vienna , made a Decree , that the Hebrew , Arabick and Chaldee tongues should in this Academy be continually taught .

Ignatius Loyola first Founder of the society of the Jesuites , was in this University a Student .

The famous Didacus Covarruvias professed the Canon Law here . Franciscus à Victoria was Professour of Divinity here .

Dominicus à So●o , l. 1. de Iustitia & jure , cals it his University .

Saragossa .

In this ancient City the Kings of Arragon are usually accustomed to be Caesaraugustana sive Saragossa in regno Arragoniae . Est haec primaria civitas ubi reges Arragoniae coronantur . Crowned .

By Pope Iohn the 22d d , the priviledges of this University were restored and ratified .

Signenca .

Little is said in Authors concerning the Foundation of this University or donation of priviledges thereto .

Lerida .

In this City flourisheth an Academy of great Antiquity , wherein Pope Calixtus the 3d d , before he obtained the Papacy , proceeded Doctor of either Law , who afterward became a publick Professor of the Civil Law in the same place .

Also Vincent a Dominican Frier was there made Doctor of Divinity .

Huesca , Osca or Isca .

It is a goodly City of Arragon , containing an University of great Antiquity , which is said to have been erected before the coming of Christ , as a Nursery for the Institution of Noble mens children .

Lisbone . Ulyssipona .

It is the Metropolis of Portugall .

A most renowned University was by the bounty of their Kings erected in this City , where even untill this day the liberall Sciences are prosessed with great profoundness , to the incredible benefit of Christendom .

Conimbra .

It is a most pleasant and goodly City in Portugall .

An University was therein Founded in these later daies , by Iohn the 2 d , King of Portugall .

Iacobus Payva Andradius studied in this University . Vincentius Fabricius enarrabat Homerum , non ut Graeca verteret Latinè , sed quasi ageret in ipsis Athenis , id quod nusquam hactenus videram : & nihilo segnius discipuli praeceptorem imitabantur : fermè in totum usi & ipsi sermone Graecanico . E quibus auspiciis si fas est divinare , florentissima erit Conimbrica linguarum studiis . De Theologia speciem praebuerunt tres monachi , qui cùm paucis mensibus in ea palaestra fuissent versati , de themate proposito disputaverunt argutissimè , & reipsa testati sunt quàm eruditis viris illic darent operam . Clen . Epist. l. 2.

There is Collegium Conimbricense upon a good part of Aristotle , his Logick and Physicks .

Evora .

It is another famous City of Portugall .

An University was herein lately erected by Henry Cardinall of Portugall , who was Bishop of that place . He was a man endued with abundant wealth , and exceedingly affected to the Muses .

Majorica .

In this City is an ancient priviledged and authorized University , where the Arts Academia Majorica sive Lulliana , eò quòd ibi Lulli doctrina peculiariter tradatur in urbe metropoli insulae sive regni Majorici . Middendorp . de Acad. l. 3. Ejus viri tanta apud suos cives authoritas & existimatio , ut etiam hodie magno stipendio Lulliana Philosophia ibi doceatur loco Aristotelicae . Alsted . Eucyclop . l. 4. c. 8. generally are publikely with great Learning professed .

Among the Students of this Academy , the memory of Raymundus Lullius is with great admiration retained , because he received therein his birth and education : in so much , that even untill this present time , a Learned man is there with liberall exhibition entertained to maintain and teach the doctrine professed by Lullius in times past .

CHAP. XIII . Of the Universities of England .

BRittain ( which comprehends England and Scotland ) is the greatest Isleland of Europe ; it was in times past called Albion , say some , ab albis montibus primùm ad eam navigantibus apparentibus . See Bish. Usher De Britan. Eccles. primord .

Some of the chief things for which England is famous , are comprehended in this verse ,

Mons , & Fons , & Pons , Ecclesia , Famina , Lana .

England is termed by some , the Paradise of women , the Purgatory of servants , the Hell of horses .

England hath been famous for Learned men , and for her Seminaries of Learning , Ante hac gratulatus sum Angliae tuae , quae tot haberet viros egregia probitate , parique doctrina praeditos : nunc propemodum invidere incipio , quae sic efflorescat omni genere studiorum , ut omnibus regionibus laudem prae●ipiat , ac pene tenebras offundat . Quanquam ista laus haud ita nova est vestrae insulae , in qua constat & olim eximios viros extitisse . Declarant id vel Academiae vestrae quae vetustate nobilitat●que cum vetustissimis & celeberrimis cerrant . Eras. l. 6. Epist. Gulielmo Montioco . as well as other things .

Renowned Scholars amongst us .

Alcuinus one of the Founders of the University of Paris , Beda styled Venerabilis , Anselm and Bradwardine Archbishops of Canterbury , Alexander of Hales Tutor to Thomas Aquinas , and Bonaventure , Iohn Wiclef .

Since the times of the Reformation , Iohn Iewell Bishop of Salisbury , Dr Iohn Reynolds and Mr Richard Hooker , Dr Whitaker , Bishop Bilson and Andrews , both Bishops of Winchester , Bishop Mountague of Norwich , Dr Iohn Whitgift .

Papists , Dr Harding , Nicholas Sanders , and Dr Thomas Stapleton , Campian and Parsons , and William Rainolds .

For other studies , Lindwood the Canonist , Cosins and Cowell eminent in the study of the Civil Laws , Bracton and Briton of old times Dier and Cooke of late daies expert in the Laws of England . Iohannes de Sacro Bosco the Author of the book of the Sphere , Roger Bacon , a famous Mathematician , Sir Francis Bacon an excellent Philosopher , Sir Thomas More Lord Chancellor , a witty and Learned man , Sir Henry Savill a great Grecian , Sir Henry Spelman a Learned Antiquary , Camden the Pausanias of the British Islands , Sir Thomas Bodlie , Sir Isaac Wake , Mr Selden , Matthew Paris , Matthew of Westminster , Roger Hoveden , Henry of Huntingdon , William of Malmesbury and Thomas of Walsingham , all known Historians .

For Poetry , Gower , Chaucer , Spencer , Sir Philip Sidnie , Daniel and Draiton , Beaumont and Fletcher , Ben , Iohnson .

As the messenger of Pyrrhus long since called Italy a Conntry of Kings , and Egypt was wont to be called the Country of Physitians ; so may this blessed Island of ours justly merit the title of The Region of Divines . Dr Hals Preface to For practicall Divinity p●● exceed all the Reformed Churches the married Clergy .

Stupor mundi Clerus Britannieus : whence many outlandish men have learned English , that they might reade those Books of our Divines which were printed in our Language .

Ioseph Scaliger * * Anglorum vero etiam doctissimi tam prave Latina efferunt , ut in hac urbe , quum quidam ex ea gente per quadrantem norae integrum apud me verba fecisset , neque ego magis cum intelligerem , quam si Turcice loquutus fuisset , ego hominem rogaverim exculatum me habere , quod Anglice non bene intelligerem . Ille , qui eum ad me deduxerat tantum cachinnum sustulit , ut mea non minus interfuerit pudere quam ipsius ridere . Scalig. Epist. l. 4. Epist. 362. Stephano Uberto . Cum essem in Italia graves viros graviter & cum decoro pronunciantes audiebam . Cum in Britanniam veneram , novos viros , novo quodam pronuntiationis genere omnia personare ostendebam . Hic itaque sic cogitabam apud me , cum nec Romae , nec in universa Italia , imo verò cum neque in Germania , Gallia , neque Belgia , nec alibi gentium , quàm in nostra Britannia ullum unquam verbum de pronunciatione illa nova , ullavè mentio aut significatio tum fuit , novam pronunciationem alibi in usu non fuisse quàm in Britannia certò scire licet . Nequè ea tamen universa , sed certo quodam loco , in quo per ea tempora Oratores novi imperabant . Sic tamen haec refero , ut eos propter literas aliasque virtutes vehementer amem & suspiciam propter haec vero laudem minime . Caii De pronunciatione Graecae & Latinae Linguae cum scriptione nova libellus . findes fault with our English men for speaking Latine .

Some think they pronounce the a too little , and the i too big and broad .

Caius in his Book De pronuntiatione Graecae & Latinae linguae , saith , that he learned by experience that variety of pronuncing did hinder mutuall commerce , mens society and understanding of things . He saith , that a Greek Patriarck being at London in the Reign of Edward the 6th , did not understand Sir Thomas Cheeke , nor Sir Thomas him , the Knight using the new kinde of pronouncing , the other the old : he addes , pleading for the old and barbarous pronunciation , Quo omnes Graeci ad huc utebantur cum ego essem Venetiis , tum è Cathedra Graecas literas profitendo , tum in templis sacra celebrando . Audiebam enim data opera saepius . At si ego tacerem norit Oxoniensis schola , quemadmodum ipsa Graecia pronunciarit , ex Matthaeo Calphurnio Graeco , quem ex Graecia Oxonium Graecarum literarum gratia produxerat Thomas Wolsaeus , de bonis literis optimè meritus Cardinalis , cum non alia ratione pronunciarit ille , quàm qua nos jam profitemur . Id si ita sit , nos Britanni docebimus ipsos Graecos in ipsa Graecia oriundos sua verba sonare ? suas voces atquè literas pronu●tiare ? & plus in aliena lingua sapiens quàm ipsa gens atquè natio , cui lingua Graeca familiaris atque etiam vulgaris est , & successione temporum continuata , tanquam per manus esse tradita ? Nam privata haec pronunciatio paucorum hominum in Britania est , & eorum juvenum , alibi minimè recepta gentium .

There are in England many triviall Schooles in Towns and Cities : Amongst Westminster having but 40 Scholers , sends as many yearly to both the Universities , as Eaton and Winchester both , though they have each of them 70 Scholers . Hactenus de Collegiis & Aulis , quae eleganti structurà opimis redditibus , & instructis Bibliothecis ita florent , ut reliquas orbis Christiani Academias superent omnes . Hentzueri Itinerarium Germaniae , Angliae , Galliae , Italiae . Cum in utraque Angliae Academia ante multos annos viverem in sociorum ( Collegiorum ) numero multos vitos doctissimos me invenisse memini , qui cum quibusvis contendere possent . Constant. L Emper. Not. In Benjaminem . which the most famous are ,

That of Eaton and Westminster , founded by Henry the 6th , Edward the 4th , and Q. Elizabeth , and of Winchester , Schola certè Augusta , ante 200 ampliùs annos erecta , ut adolescentes suavioribus disciplinis imbuti , ad artes Academic●s meliori genio animum intendant . Europaei orbis Academiae .

There are also in London that of Pauls , and Merchant Taylors .

The two Universities of England may equall many beyond Sea .

Ubi tot Academiae quot Collegia , Scultetus de curriculo vitae . Magnae in Collegiis Angliae opes & vectigalia : verbo vobis dicam ? unum Oxoniense Collegiam ( rem inquisibi ) superat vel decem nostra . Lipsi Lovanium l. 3. c. 5.

Most of their Universities ( Paris excepted ) being no better then our Colledges of Westminster , Eaton , or Winchester .

Oxford ( without controversie ) is the more healthfull place , and better situated , and the Town and streets ( I suppose ) larger . Non immerito apud antiquos Oxonia Bellositum audiit , quasi musae conspirassent , hic tantùm domicilia sibi statuere , ubi & amaenitas , & salubritas suas sibi sedes potissimas praeelegissent . Wake Mus. Regn.

Both Universities are governed by a Vicechancellour and Proctors .

The Heads of the Colledges in Oxford have severall Titles , as President , Master , Warden , Provost , Dean , Principall ; but in Cambridge they are all styled Masters , except in Kings Colledge , the Head of that House is called the Provost .

The time of Doctors and Masters proceeding yearly or taking their compleat degree , is called Commencement * * A French word which signifieth beginning , rather because they Commence or begin in those degrees , then because it begins before Oxford Act. in Cambridge , Act in Oxford , for though they be designed before to their degrees , yet they obtain them not actually and compleatly but in Comitiis .

Oxford Act concludes with a Latine Sermon , so doth not Cambridge .

In our Universities Schollars live in their Colledges , not in the Town , as some Studiosi vitam fere monasticam degunt , sicut enim in Monasteriis olim Monachi , nullis aliis rebus , erant intenti & occupati , quàm ut statis horis , precibus ad Deum fusis , reliquum tempus bonis artibus , & studiis honestis impenderent , ita & hos facere oportet . Hentzueri Itinerarium Germaniae , Angliae , Galliae , Italiae . where beyound Sea . Heutznerus saith , Vestitus cum Iesuitarum fermè congruit ; etenim togis sunt induti longis ad talos usque demissis .

By the Councell of Vienna * * Clementinarum Quinto Antiquae illae qua●uor nominantur Academiae , Luteria , Oxonium , Bononia , Salamantica : & Lutetia dicta prior est : at homini Gallo , in Concilio Galliae . At posterior est Oxonio si haec nostra est Lutetiae mater : & Alcuinus noster , Caroli autem magni Praeceptor , ipse fuit auctor , ut Parisiensis Schola inciperet , & initium haberet : ubi antea nulla erat quod ipsi sic scribunt & consitentur Galli Alber. Gentilis laudes Acad. Paris . Oxon. Verè antiquissima omnium est Academia nostra , In quatuor nobilissimis & celeberrimis ipsa est prima . Id. ibid. Academia antiquissima , & in quatuor nobilissimis , quae sunt Oxonium , Lutetia , Bononia , Salamanca , prima ; populosissima , & frequentissima : quae jam Edvardo primo regnante triginta millia Studiosorum censuit . Lansii Orat. pro Britannia . Haec est illa Academia fama celebri notissima , & longissimè apud exteras gentes divulgata , ubi prudens ille , solers , & sagax de Hispaniis Legatus Toletanus , cum dies plures disputationibus Gymnasticis , noctes verò serotinas spectaculis Comicis & Tragicis interfuisset libenter , probasset sapienter , laudasset graviter haec verba publice palam , & aperte profitebatur , Regiones plures perlustravi , multa vidi , sed haec sunt admiranda , & sic referam ubi in Patriam venero . Academ . quae aliquando fuerunt & hodie sunt in Europa , Catalogus . Oxford was reckoned not only among one of the four ancient Universities , but had the second place , Paris , Oxford , Bononia , Salamanca , and , as some think , it may justly challenge the first place , though Coringius in his first Dissertat . Antiq. Academ . and some others think it was a while after Paris .

Ingulphus ( who was Secretary to William the Conquerour ) saith he lived in Studio Oxoniensi . His words are these , Ego Ingulphus humilis magister S. Guthlaci Historia Ingulphi . Monasteriique sui Croilandensis , natus in Anglia , & à parentibus Anglicis , quippe urbis pulcherrimae Londoniarum pro literis addiscendis in teneriori aetate constitutus , primum Westmonasterio , postmodum Oxoniensi studio traditus etiam .

Those Schools of Learning which we call Academies or Universities , that Age termed Studia ; that is , Studies . St Hierom termed the Schools of Gaul , Studia florentissima . The name of University was taken up about the time of King Henry the 3d d , for a publick School .

There are but three Latine Writers ( which I have met with ) who have written generally de Academiis , Iunius , and Middendorpe , and another intituled , Academiarum quae aliquando Fuere & Hodie sunt in Europa , Catalogus & enumeratio brevis .

At the end of Iunius his excellent Treatise de Academiis , there is added a brief Academia ad Isidis vadum quae nunc nobis corruptè Oxford pro Ouseford dicitur , Alfridi benevolentia , & pietate instituta . Lelandi Comment. in Cygneam cantionem . Alphredus magnus Scholsa liberalium artium publicas Neoti piis monitis Oxonii primus , ut praefertur , posuit , ut omnibus adventantibus essent Communes . Balaeus de Script . Brit. Cent. 2. Academia Oxoniensis statim à principio , tum divinarum humanarumque literarum studiis , tum mira hominum doctrinis incumbentium frequentia multo Celeberrima esse caepit , deinceps usque eò floruit , ut jam facile cum quovis alio totius orbis gymnasio de nominis gloria certare possit . Polyd Verg. Angl. hist. lib. 5. Ut enim de Anglia dicam prius , ande nobis prima literaturae rudimenta redierunt , ab Alphredo Rege Scholam publicam Oxoniae esse institutam anno Christiano septuagesimo tertio vel potius nonagesimo quinto , Ex Oxoniensium monumentis haud pauci hodie narrant . Coring . de Antiq. Acad. Dissertat . 3. Catalogue of all the Universities in the Christian world , in which their Country , Names , Originall and situation are described out of Ptolomy .

He begins with England , and therein with Oxford , and saith of it , Academia Oxoniensis vulgò Oxford , quam instituit Aluredus , Saxonum Rex , Anno Christi 872. Posteà vero ex multorum Principum & Praes●lum beneficentia , amplissimis structuris , reditibus & privilegiis ornatur : habetque jam Collegia XVI , aulas etiam VIII , singula aedificiorum splendore magnificentissima , ac bonarum literarum artiumque omnium studia florentissima . Cantabrigiensis , vulgò Cambridge , in qua primum Collegium instituit Batsomus , Eli●nsit Episcopus , Anno 1274. Habet jam Collegia XI , Aulas etiam IV , eaque omnia aedificiorum celebritate praestantissima . Habuit etiam ante Scholam publicam pera●gustam ( in qua Philosophia , humanio oresque disciplinae tradebantur ) à Sigeberto , Estanglorum Rege constitutam , Anno 637.

Yet it is the opinion of some , that the University of Oxford was rather restored then first Founded by King Alured , Anno 806. after it had been over-born a while by Danish furies .

Middendorp in his 3d d Book de Academiis , where he speaks of the Universities of England , saith , Inter harum duarum Academiarum professores gravis & acerba nuper controversia exorta est , dum singuli suam Academiam & antiquiorem prioremque tempore , & praestantiorem existere asseverant , & varias pro sua quisque sententia rationes , diversaque argumenta producit , ut difficile sit homini externo , terra ab iis marique disjuncto , suum judicium interponere . But after counsell given to them , to Quid profuerit si haec illa antiquior fuerit Academia , modo haec illi virtute par sit . Puerorum est de locorum praestantia & dignitate contendere , & inanium verborum contentione & dissidio animos vuln●rare . Caius de Antiquit. Cantab. Acad. l. 1. Dr Arrowsmiths modesty and ingenuity I approve of , who in a speech at Cambridge - Commencoment the last save two , had this passage , Cantabrigia , Oxonium . Oxonlum , Cantabrigia . endeavour rather to excell each the other in diligence , faithfulness and wisdom , and not to stand so much upon antiquity , and multitude , or excellency of Colledges , which belong more to the glory of the dead then the living , he concludes at the last thus ,

Porrò utramque hanc Academiam , veterem quidem atque florentem reperio , Cantabrigiensis tamen , quantum hactenus deprehendere licuit , tempore prior & antiquior est . Ideoque ab ea principium ducam .

But Learned Sir Isaac Wake in his Rex Platonicus p. 217. saith thus ,

Haec ipsa Antiquitatis lis , publico jam nuper totius Regni conventu Parliamentario , ex antiquissimorum Historicorum fide examinata est & determinata , & praecedentia Oxoniensi Universitati communi applausu omniumque suffragiis asserta .

There he also addeth , p. 218.

Iohannes Caius , vir fidei ut in rebus Religiosis , ita in Historicis nullius plane .

He proceeds ,

Imò qui inter ipsos istius Scholae antiquitatem acerrimè tuentur , non asserunt tantùm , sed & probant indubitatis argumentis Cantabrigiam , Generalem Artium & scientiarum Academiam factam & stabilitam non fuisse , ante vicesimum annum Edwardi tertii ( hoc est nudiustertius ferè , si Aluredi seculum spectemus ) quo Rege intercedente , apud Johannem Pontificem Romanum , Universitatis ibi stabiliendae privilegium iis est concessum ut Petrus de I●kham Monachus Ecclesiae Cantuar. scribit .

Caius Middendorpii testimonio rem probat : Caii testimonio eandem probat Middendorpius : sic manus manum , & falsarius falsarium fricat . Quin potiùs suam oportet agnoscere ignorantiam , qui de exterorum rebus scribit , quorum res gest as nunquam legerit . Imò Middendorpi ( tibi clam in aurem dico ) agnosce impudentiam tuam , qui ita confidenter scribis de Academiis , ac si in omnibus aetatem totam vixisses , ita tamen frigidè , futiliter , indoctè , ac si in nulla unquam vel diem unum posuisses . Wake ibid.

The third who writes of all the Academies of Europe saith ,

Ac libens optarim ne digladientur nimis & naenias mittant , qui hanc aut illam Acad●miam contendunt esse antiquiorem . Sint Arcades ambae , utraeque florentes , lucem sole clariorem sibi invicem alternantes . There is a Manuscript of Robert Burhils in Oxford Library , De Britanniae rebus Scholasticis inverse , consisting of ten Books . The sixth book is termed Elfreda , de urbe Oxonia quam Elfreda insedem Academiae deligendam suadet . The seventh book is styled Parallelismus de Antiquitate utriusque Academiae Oxon. & Cantab. wherein he asserts the antiquity of Oxford , but saith , Non est quod Cantabrigiensis Academia hanc suam originem etsi seriorem erubesceret . Primo , cum nec operae pretium sit contendere . Secundo , nec leves interim calamitates dum nondum exorta esset Cantabrigia , Academiam Oxoniensem nostram exceperint . Tertio , & antiquiora ferè incultiora , Academiis vix tandem Monastica fece expurgatis .

And after he hath this passage of Cambridge : Haec est illa Academia antiqua , & celebris , quae non modò Oxoniensi florentissimo . Anglorum Gymnasio , sed & aliis Europaei orbis Academiis antiquioribus facilè posset adaequari .

He speaks also very honourably of Oxford , and I have cited something out of him to that purpose .

Sir Thomas More saith in an Epistle to the University of Oxford , Cantabrigiae , cui Epistola Thomae Mori ad Acad. Oxon. vos praelucere semper consuevistis .

I know one , who is a very competent judge , because a most Learned Bishop , and well versed in antiquities , and also of an University in another Kingdom , who holds Oxford to be the ancienter .

Oxford also hath been famous for Learned Scholars . Trithemius , Baleus , Lelandus Oxonienses ultra trecentos Cantabrigienfes non plures uno supra centum & viginti scriptores in suis Catalogis commemorant . Brianus Twinus Antiq. Acad. Oxon.

Mathematicians and Schoolmen , for the later there is no question , and I shall mention divers of them when I speak of Merton Colledge .

For the first Roger Bacon , Bradwardine , Simon Bredon and Oddington were famous .

The first Professor * * Vide Gervas . Dorobernens . in Civil Law in England , viz. Vacarius , was of Oxford .

Oxford lies in a Champion plain : It is a fair and goodly City , whether a man respect the seemly beauty of private houses , or the stately magnificence of publick buildings , together with the wholesom sight or pleasant prospect thereof .

It is formed in the figure of a Cross , two long streets thwarting one another , each of them near a mile in length , containing in that compass thirteen Parish Churches , and a See Episcopall founded here by King Henry the 8th , Anno 1541.

For the Stateliness of the Schools and publick Library and * * There are many Pictures throughout the great Gallery adjoyning to the Library , of Learned men in severall Faculties . The Statutes of the University of Oxford at large are much commended . The select Statutes out of the body of them are printed and to be sold. Gallery , the bravery and beauty of particular Colledges , all built of fair and polished stone , the liberall endowment of those houses , and great incouragements of Industry and Learning in the salary of the Professors in most Arts and Sciences , it is ( say some ) not to be paralleled in the Christian world .

Dr Iames hath set out two Catalogues of the publick Library in Oxford :

One published in the year 1605 , which mentions the Books Alphabetically distinguished , according to the four Faculties . Clarissimus vir Thomas Bodleius qui vetustate , & temporum an hominum injuria Collapsam Universitatis Bibliothecam immensis sumptibus , conquisitis undine praeter omnes omnium generum codices excusos , manuscriptis , quantum in hoc spicilegio licuit , compluribus vetustis optimae notae , instauravit . Savil. Not. in Chrysost. in Gen. Tom. 8.

The other 1620. in which there is only a care had of the Alphabeticall order , by this more exact Catalogue one may readily finde any Authour , and all the Works of that Authour uno intuitu .

If the Library be inferiour to the Popes Vaticane in sumptuous building , yet in Printed Books , if not in Manuscripts ( there being many choice ones given by Sir Thomas Bodlie , and of late by my Lord of Pembroke , and Archbishop Laude , in almost all Languages ) it may well contend with it for a Superiority .

Reckon the number of Volumes in the publick Library , whereof the greatest He mentions sixteen thousand in his Preface to his last Catalogue . part are in Folio , which amount to 11 or 12 thousands of divers Authours , the plurality of Languages , the diversity of Sciences , wherein these Books are written , the condition of the Books whether written or printed , by Protestants or Papists , or any other , the use for six hours every day throughout the whole year , ( Sundaies and Holydaies excepted ) and we shall finde that the like Library is no where to be found . Dr Iames of the Corrupt . of Script . Counc . and Fath. part 5.

In Oxford there are 18 Colledges endowed with Lands , besides 7 Halls , where Students live at their own charges in both of them .

Professors of the Arts and Sciences , as also of Divinity , Law , Physick , and the learned Languages , with Liberall Salaries .

University Colledge , Founded 872.

Alfred or Allured King of the West Saxons , being addicted to Religion and good literature , for the increase and study of Divinity , Philosophy and other Arts , in the 2 d year of his reign founded this Colledge , by the name of University Colledge .

George Abbat Archbishop of Canterbury was of this Colledge .

Baliol Colledge , Founded 1262.

Iohn ▪ Baliol , born at Bernads Castle in the Bishoprick of Durham , ( a worthy Collegium Baliolense gloriatur potiù● quòd Humfredum ducem Glocestriae , Henrici quarti filium virtutum merito Bonum cognominatum Academiae nostrae lucidum atque patriae Sydus , nomen que nunquam oblinescendum educarit quàm quòd Cranmerum Archiepiscopum , Ridlaeum , Latimerum Episcopos , suis prae foribus ( ut Eliam ) igne●s vehiculis coelum p●tentes conspexerit . Wake Rex Platon . Warriour to King Henry the 3d d in his civil Warres against his Barons ) with his wife Dervorgilla , a Lady of Honourable Parentage , Parents of Iohn Baliol King of the Scots , Founded this Colledge , giving thereunto both Lands and Revenews , for the maintenance of a Master , 10 Fellows , and 11 Scholars , which is Recorded to be the first and most anciently endowed Colledge in this University , as some late Historians constantly affirm .

Iam Fundatoris imprimis Balioli Regis Scotiae nomen jactat , quasi tum olim Scotia suos Reges Academiae nostrae propitios in Baliolo suo sposponderit , quod in Iacobo nostro jam faeliciter appropinquante praestitit . Wake Rex Plat.

Iohn Wiclefe was of this House .

Wiclefus ille Restaurator Religionis cui non notus Baliolensis . Alber. Gent. Laud. Acad. Perusin . & Oxon.

Merton Colledge Founded 1274.

Walter de Merton sometimes L. Chancellour of England , Counsellour to King Camden in Oxfordshire saith that Balioll Colledge and this were the first endowed Colledges for Students in Christendom . Ex hoc Collegio principes in omni literarum genere viri , tanquam ex equo Trojano , ad veritatis defensionem , atque ad Baby . ●onici Imperii incendium & ruinas per diversa secula prodierunt . Hinc Iohannes Wicleuus , hinc Gulielmus Occham , hinc Thomas Bradwarden . Praefat. Episc. Carlet . ad consensum Eccles. Cathol. contra Trident. Vide plura ibid. Henry the 3d d , and Edward the first Bishop of Rochester , Founded this Colledge by the name of Merton Colledge , endowing it in effect with all the Lands and Revenews which at this present are belonging thereunto , ordaining in the same a Warden , and no definitive number of Fellows .

It may be styled Collegium Scholasticorum , Bacon , Burlie , Occham , Scotus , Bradwardine , Gatisdene , Dumbleton , Nicholas Gorrham , Suitzaeus , great lights of Europe were of this Colledge .

What one Colledge ever yielded at one time and from one Country , three such Divines as Iewell , Raynolds , and Hooker ; or two such great Wits and Heroicall spirits , as Sr Thomas Bodley , and Sr Henry Savill . Dr Hackw . Epist. Dedicat. to Oxford before his Apology .

Of this Colledge also were Bishop Carleton , Sr Isaac Wake the University Orator .

Excester Colledge , Founded 1316.

Walter Stapleton , being descended of Noble Parentage ( for his Wisdom , Gravity and Learning , was often employed in Embassages from King Edward the 2 d , who made him Bishop of Excester , Lord Treasurer of England , and one of his Privy Councell ) Founded this Colledge , it was much augmented by Sir William Peter .

Dr Hakewell Fellow of this House , erected and finished the new Chappell .

Dr Prideaux was Head of this House .

Dr Holland was of this House . Hollandus alter Apollo , potens in Scripturis , cum patribus adeo familiaris ac si ipse Pater , cum Scholasticis ac si seraphicus Doctor . Conc. Funeb .

Orial Colledge , Founded 1337. There are many guesses at the original of its name .

King Edward the 2 d erected it , it was so called because it was indeed a work which might beseem a King .

Queens Colledge , Founded 1340.

Robert Eglesfield Batchelor of Divinity , Chaplain to Queen Philippa , wife to King Edward the 3d d , founded this Colledge in his own ground by the name of Collegium Reginae nobilitatur duorum Principum , omnium , quos Anglia vidit , forti ssimorum educatione ; videlicet Edwardi Principis cognomento Nigri & Henrici Quinti ●elicissimi Regis . Wake Rex Platon . Quod Collegium si visant extranei & conspiciantur à studiosis inhabitantibus , in cornu bubulo praegrandi de Cerenisia sua ipsis propinant . Laudem meretur officiosa haec humanitas . Iodoc. Sinc. Itinerar . Galliae . Queens Colledge ( commending the Patronage thereof to his Lady the Queen , and to the Queens of England successively ) which he endowed with Lands and Revenews .

They are called to Dinner and Supper by the sound of a Trumpet .

Doctor Ayrie ( who wrote so well upon the Philippians ) was Provost of this Colledge .

Learned D. Langbane is now the Provost of it , and worthy M. Barlow the Publick-Library-Keeper , a Fellow of it .

New Colledge , Founded 1375.

William Wickam principal Secretary to King Edward the 3d d , Keeper of the Privy-Seal , Collegium Beata Mari● , quod vulgò novum ( etsi reve●a per antiquum ) dicitur . Wake . Rex Platon . Bishop of Winchester , Lord High ▪ Treasurer , and Chancellour of England , founded this Colledge . He also founded a Colledge at Winchester , wherein he established one Warden , ten Fellows , two Schoolmasters and seventy Scholars , with Officers and servants , which all are maintained at his charge ; out of which School he ordained should be chosen the best Scholars alwayes to supply the vacant places of the Fellows of this Colledge .

Thomas Chaundlerus librum de Wiccami vita & rebus gestis sane perelegantem Hoc ipso item anno ( viz. 1366. ) Gulielmus Unyckam Vintoniensis Episcopus Oxonii in rei litterariae gratiam Collegium excitavit , illudque D. Mariae Virgini dicavit , quod hodie novum Collegium nuncupatur . Georg. Lilii Anglorum Reg. Chronicon . conscripsit Waynfleti 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 .

Wickamus celebratur ab erudito Iurisconsulto Martino .

Of this Colledge was Philpot the famous Martyr , and Sr Thomas Rives , Bishop Lake , Dr Twisse and Dr Iames.

Lincoln Colledge , Founded 1420.

Richard Fleming Bishop of Lincoln in the eighth year of the reign of King Henry the 5th founded this Colledge by the name of Lincoln Colledge , which was afterward in Richard the thirds time , in the year of our Lord 1479. by Thomas Rotheram Bishop of the same Sea , and Secretary to four Kings , much augmented and increased .

Dr Kilbie a learned Hebrician was Head of this Colledge , and that learned School-Divine Dr Sanderson was Fellow of this House .

All-Souls Colledge , 1437.

Henry Chichley Archbishop of Canterbury , layed in Oxford the foundation of Linacer was Fellow of this Colledge , and Sir Thomas More his Scholar . two goodly Colledges , this and that of St Iohns Colledge , the last being reedified by Sr Thomas White Lord Maior of London .

There is Vita Henrici Chichele Descripta ab Arthuro D●●k . Si politam operis elegantiam requiramus , est propter structuram Collegium omnium Animarum ex lapide quadrato & perpolito in prima orbis facie multùm spectabile . Eurpoaei orbis Academiae .

Magdalen Colledge , Founded 1459.

William Wainflet Bishop of Winshester founded first Magdalen ▪ Hall , after Itaque longè magnificentius hospitium excipiendis Musis conditurus ( regia quippe benignitate adjutus ) Aulam Magdalena quam vis parentem Collegii dereliquit , domumque consanguine●m ne omnino periisse videretur , in suum quasi corpus iterum transtulit . In ipso Oxonii suburbano , Eurum versus Collegium vergit : à quâ regione amhe perspicuo praeterfluentè alluitur , qui Cherwellus dicitur , latus septentrionale atboreto clauditur . Utrinque multae ambulalacrorum amaenitates , & in utroque elemento quasi delicias excogitante natura . Surgit è quadrato latere , visendum ip●â vel materia , vel subtili junctura aedificium , duplici pinnarum ordine adversus paries decoratur . Frontem Collegii occupat excelsa turris , quae erudito statuarij opere incisa , intuentium oculos mirè ad se trahit , aream interiorem cingunt claustra ( sic hodiè appella●us ) cocto later● per strata , quae topiarii vel porticus usum non incommodè praestant . Vivis animalium figuris tibicines , occultum nescio quid & hieroglyphicum significantibus ex●rnantur : Antiquissimorum codicum supellectile instruitur bibliotheca . Templum Augustum & divini numinis religione verè suspiciendum : aula elegans & spatiosa Waynfleti 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 per Iohan Bud ▪ Cum primis virtutis doctrinaeque ergò nominandus Thomas Chalonerus Eques Auratus , Principi in disciplinarum omniumque virtutum regiarum instiiutione honorarius praefectus quo vito merito gloriatur Collegium Magdale●onse , ut etiam in numeris aliis , quos intra lustra annorum non multa in Rempublicam Ecclesiamque transmisit alumnis , Archiepiscopis scilicet duobus , iisdemque Cardinalibus , Episcopis viginti duobus , Foxo Martyrologo , Laurentio Humfredo , allisque ▪ Wake Rex Platon . that this Colledge dedicating the same to the honour of S. Mary Magdalen . He builded also a great part of Eaton Colledge , before begun by King Henry the sixt .

Prince Henry was of this Colledge . Claimund and Doctor Bond were Presidents of it .

Braze●-Nose Colledge , Founded 1515.

William Smith Bishop of Lincoln , during the reign of King Henry the 7th laid Aenei nasi Collegium spectatu dignum , cujus prae foribus nominis antiquitatisque index , Nasus monstrose prominet ahe●tus . Wake Rex Platon . Per id quoque tempus Gulielmus Smith Episcopus Lincolniensis Margaritae exemplo ductus , Oxonii Scholasticorum Collegium collocavit in aula quam vulgo vocant Brasyn . Nose , hoc est , aeneum nasum , quod eò loci imago aenea facie admodum immani prae foribus exte● . Item Richardus Vintonienfis Episcopus tale ejusmodi opus Oxonii fecit , appellavitque Corporis Christi Collegium . Polyd. Verg. Angl. Hist. l. 26. the foundation of this Colledge . After whose death Richard Sutton Esquire , took upon him to perfect the same , which he accomplished .

Alexander Nowel was of this house , Mr Bolton , and I think Mr Iohn Ball.

Corpus Christi Colledge , Founded 1516.

Richard Fox Bishop of Winchester , and Godfather to King Henry the 8th founded Praefuit hic primus doctissimus ille Claymondus , qui exquisitissima in Plinium Commentaria conscripsit . Successit deinde Robertus Morwentus Theologus Praeses tantae gravitatis , ut quum 40. ampliùs annos Praesidentis loco surrogatus , & ipse optimè praefuisset , Oxoniensibus in Concione publica Pater patriae literatae Oxoniensis appellatus est , quum in extremis naturae laboraret . Praelegit illic in Rhetoricis in celeberrima audientium corona praesentibus illustrissimis Principibus , Henrico octavo Rege , & Catharina conjuge , Ludovicus Vives , omnis politioris literaturae selentissimus . Item Shep●evus 28 annorum trilinguis doctissimus fato functus praematuro nimis . Inde prodiere Reginaldus Polus Cardinalis , Brocus , Juellus , Chedseus , omnes literarum gloria florentes . Europaei Orbis Academiae . Collegium Corporis Christi , quod omnium Oxoniae nitidissimum meritò audit ; tum ob totius structurae , Templi imprimis , & Peristylii , Bibliothecae , atque Aulae concinnitatem , tùm propter Horoscopii Columnaris pulchritudinem , quod in areae quadratae medio , omni & ingenii & operis varietate elaboratum eminet . Wake Rex Platon . this Colledge .

It nourished Iewel , Rainolds , W●tton , Hooker , Cardinal Pool , who was chosen Pope , Dr Featley , and other learned men .

Christ-Church Colledge , Founded 1546.

Thomas Wolsey Cardinal , Archbishop of York , and Lord high Chancellour of Est Regia Musarum sedes , sive operis molem mirandam , sive structurae magnificentiam , sive studiosorum numerum , sive proventus annuos pleniùs inspiciamus , si alicubi in orbe Christiano , Christo Servatori dicata : à Thoma Volsaeo Cardinale , anno post Christum 1539. Quem fundo largo , praediis amplis , & reditibus multis illustrissimus Rex Henricus Octav●s , anno Christi 1546. auctiorem reddidit , & longe consummatiotem Europaei Orbis Academiae . England laid the foundation of a most ample and spacious Colledge , but he falling , his design failed with the Founder .

Henry the eight enriched the same with many goodly revenues , annexing thereunto Canterbury Colledge .

It hath a spatious Court or quadrangle , nay divers , and a Hall both spatious and splendid , wherein is a most beautifull glasse Lanthorn , there is also a very fair Kitchin , which only , was finished by the Cardinal , and gave oceasion to that scoff of an outlandish man , Egregium opus ( saith he ) Cardinalis Collegium incepit , popinam absolvit . Sanna vix è coquina deprompta adeo sale caret ▪ saith Sir Isaac Wake in his Rex Platonicus .

Peter Martyr was once Prebend of this Colledge , as his own Epistles shew , He writes thus , Amico cuidam in Anglia , Ego cum essem Oxonii vestibus illis albis in Choro nunquam uti volui , quamvis essem Canonicus , mei facti ratio mihi constabat .

Toby Matthew Archbishop of York was of this House , and Mr Burton who wrote of Melancholy , upon whose Tomb there is this witty Epitaph ,

Paucis notus , paucioribus ignotus Hic jacet Democritus Iunior Cui vitam pariter & mortem Dedit Melancholia .

Trinity Colledge , Founded 1556.

Sir Thomas Pope Knight founded this Colledge in the fourth year of the Reign of King Philip and Qu. Mary , dedicating the same to the Trinity .

St Iohns Colledge , Founded 1557.

Henry Chichley Doctor of the Civil-Law Archbishop of Canterbury , among other building , laid the foundation of this Fabrick ; it was enlarged by William Laud Archbishop of Canterbury .

Iesus Colledge , Founded 1572.

Hugh Prise Doctor of the Civil Law founded this Colledge , it was perfected by Queen Elizabeth ; it hath had many other Benefactors .

Wadham Colledge , Founded 1613.

Nicholas Wadham Esquire in the seventh year of the raign of King Iames founded it .

Pembrok Colledge , Founded 1620.

It was first Broadgate-Hall , but was called Pembroke Colledge from William Earl of Pembroke , then Chancellor of the University of Oxford , and Visitor of that Hall .

There are also in this University seven Hals , in which there are many Students living at their own charge , viz.

Glocester-Hall .

Which being first built for Monks , was after converted to a House for Scholars , by Sir Thomas White Knight .

Edmund Hall .

It was builded by S. Edmund Archbishop of Canterbury .

Albon Hall .

It was builded by the Abbot of St Albons , for their Monks to study in .

Hart Hall .

It was built by Walter Stapleton Bishop of Excester .

Mr Selden was of this House .

New Inne .

Heretofore it was called Turlocks Inne .

St Mary Hall .

It was founded by King Edward the second .

Sir Thomas More Chancellour of England was of this Hall . Cardinal Allen was principal of it about the same time .

Magdalen Hall .

It was founded by William Wainfleet Bishop of Winchester , and Dr Budden who writes his life and death , cals it Aulam Magdaelene parentem Collegii , and a little book which mentions the several Colledges in Oxford and Cambridge , makes the Hall a eleven years elder then the Colledge .

Cambridge .

THis is the other University and eye of England , a most famous Storehouse of good Literature and Godlinesse ; it standeth upon the River Cam , which divideth it into two parts , and hath a Bridge over it , whence arose the name Cambridge .

There is not wanting any thing here , which a man may require in a most flourishing University , were it not that the air is somewhat unhealthfull , arising as it doth out of a Fenny-ground hard by .

That Cantaber a Spainard 3751. years before Christs Nativity , first began and Imò qui inter ipsos istius Scholae antiquitatem acerrimè tuentur , non asserunt tantùm , sed & probant indubitatis argumentis Cantabrigiam , Generalem Artium & Scien●iarum Academiem factum & stabilitam non fuisse , ante Vicesimum annum Edwardi tertii , hoc est nudius-tertius ferè , si Aluredi seculum spectemus . Wake Rex . Platon . Vide plura ibid. founded this University , is affirmed by Caius , but Leland the great Antiquary , and Camden also confute that conceit ; and Mr Camden saith , It was a seat of learning about the time of King of Henry the first , and that under the reign of Edward the first ( some think it should be the second ) Grantbridge of a School was made an University ( such as Oxford is ) by the Court of Rome . Hugh Balsham Bishop of Ely in the year 1284. built the first Colledge , called Peter House , and endowed it with lands : whose example the other Founders did imitate and follow , saith the same Camden .

That which some relate also ▪ That a publick Academy was erected at Cambridge by King Sigebert , Anno Christi 630. Id vero dubia annalium fide nititur ; Cantabrigiensium quoque aemuli Oxonienses pernegant fortiter . Et ut quaedam fuerit instituta , procul dubio rudis fuit , nec in longum tempus . Caeterum nono seculo majori verisimilitudine laus illa competit . Coring . De Antiq. Academ . Dissertat . 3. Vide plura ibid. p. 73. See Petrus Blesensis at the end of Ingulphus .

That which some urge for the honour of Cambridge of Bedes reading there , is a Hic venerabilis ille Beda , illiusque discipulus , Carolique magni praeceptor Alcuinus sive Albinus , Joannes Roffensis Episcopus , Thomas Morus , Thomas Linacer ; Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus , & infiniti similes celeberrimi viri floruerunt . Swertii Athen. Belg. Certè recepta ab omnibus opinio est , & fama celebris Cantabrigiae & fuisse Bedam & studuisse . Caius De Antiq. Cant. Acad. l. 1. fable well confuted by Sir Isaac Wake in his Rex Platonicus , in his Acts of the fourth day , Bedam vero ipsum unquam Cantabrigiae fuisse quis nisi cerebri laesi putat ? Quum ipse dissertissimis scriptis suis asserat , se nunquam extra monasterium suum operam literis dedisse , ac ne inde unquam ferè egressum à pueritia ; Cantabrigiam verò , sua aetate adeò Academiam celebrem non fuisse , ut fuisse planè desolatam civitatulam asserat .

Caius the Physician styled himself Londinensem when he wrote De Antiq. Cantab. Acad. though he was of Cambridge , and only a Londoner by birth , ne si Cantabrigiensis videretur , affectum quoque suum in scribendo prodidisse videretur .

That passage of Caius's De Antiqu. Cantab. Acad. lib. 1. therefore might well have been spared . Caeterum ad has discordias rumpendas atque fini●ndas sanctamque pacem componendam , atque statuendam , cum neque Ox●niensis Cantabrigiensem , nec Cantabrigiensis ferat Oxoniensem in controversia judicem , quòd pro sua cujusque affectione rem tractatam iri uterque indicet , ex libidine magis quàm ex vero celebratam aut obscuratam existimet , res suasit & commiseratio jussit , ut ego homo Londinensis , medio loco inter utrumque positus , & eodem animo in utrumque affectus , cui longa triginta annorum absentia à gymnasiis ( nisi subinde invisendi gratia charitatis studio ) omnem affectum juvenilem in Gymnasia sustulit , hanc controversiam ut inutilem , imo verò rem damnosam alioqui tanquam communis amicus definirem ac componerem . Vide librum ejus de libris propriis .

My worthy friend Sir Simonds D'Ewers ( in his Speech touching the Antiquity of Cambridge ) saith , If I should lose time to reckon up the vain allegations produced for the Antiquity of Oxford by Twyne , and of Cambridge by Caius , I should but repeat deliria senum .

At the present Cambridge consists of sixteen Colledges and Hals ( for there is little The Halls there are endowed with Lands and Fellowships as the Colleges are . No private Chappel in England beyond that of Kings Colledge in Cambridge . Collegium studioso●um propè dixerim Europae amplissimum Vos . Epist. Dedicat. ad artem Grammati● . Ex Collegiis hâc splendidi●●im● sunt Trinitatis , Regio Palatio par aedificium & S. Joannis Sacellum hic est singularis & vix memorandi artificii . Iodoc. Sinc. Itin. Gall. difference there between them ) erected and maintained with the Lands and Revenues of their several Founders .

Kings Colledge Chappel being founded by Henry the sixth , is all of free-stone , a very curious structure , and from its form , called the University Cradle .

Trinity Colledge founded by King Henry the eighth , one of the compleatest Colledges in Europe .

A Colledge for stately greatnesse , for uniform building and beauty of rooms , scarce inferiour to any other in Christendom , saith Camden .

Next to it is St Iohns Colledge .

St Peters Colledge or House , Founded 1280.

Hugh Basham Bishop of Ely began the foundation of this Colledge about Anno 1257.

He setled not the endowment till anno 1284.

Clare-Hall , Founded 1280.

Richard Badew Chancellour of the University first founded this Hall by the name of the University-House or Hall . Afterwards the first foundation was resigned into the hands of Elizabeth Countesse of Clare widow , which Lady by the licence of King Edward the 3d d , established and finished the same , and changing the name thereof , willed that for ever after it should in memory of her family , from whence she was descended , be called Clare-Hall .

Dr Butler the famous Physician was sometimes Fellow and President of this House .

Pembroke Hall , Founded 1343.

Mary de S. Paul Countesse of Pembroke , daughter to Guido Chastillion Earl of St Paul in France , procured Licence from King Edward the 3d d , to found this House by the name of the Colledge of Mary Valence , after called Pembroke Hall .

Richard Fox Bishop of Winchester , Edmond Grindall and Iohn Whitgift Archbishops of Canterbury , William Fulk Doctor of Divinity , were all Masters of this House , and have by gifts of Lands , Money , Plate , Books , augmented the same , and Lancelot Andrews Doctor of Divinity , late Master and Bishop of Winchester hath given a thousand pounds , with three hundred seventy four folio Books well bound .

Mr Bradford Martyr was Fellow of Pembroke Hall , and first lived in Katherine Hall , and the Masters of those Colledges strove which should have him , as himself relates in one of his Letters , not to boast of himself , but to shew Gods goodness towards him .

Bishop Ridley was also of Pembroke Hall , and there in the Orchard learned Acts and M●n . Edit. ult. part. 3 p. 508. without Book almost all Pauls Epistles , yea and all the Canonical Epistles , save only the Apocalypse . So he saith of himself .

Corpus Christi Colledge , Founded 1351.

Henry of Monmouth sirnamed Torto Collo ordained this Colledge . It hath been since much inlarged .

Matthew Parker Archbishop of Canterbury , and Sir Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England , were of this House , and great Benefactors to it .

Trinity Hall , Founded 1353.

William Bateman Bishop of Norwich founded this Hall .

Steven Gardiner Bishop of Winchester and Chancellour of this University , was of this House .

Gonvill and Caius Colledge , Founded 1353.

Edmond Gonvill Parson of Terrington in Norfolk , obtained License of King Edward the 3d d to erect this Colledge .

Afterward Iohn Caius Doctor of Physick Anno 1557. was made a Co-founder by Letters Patents , who caused it to be called Gonvill and Caius Colledge .

King Iames being in Caius Colledge presented with Caius his Antiquitates Cantabrigiensis Academiae , he said , What should I do with the Antiquities of Cambridge ? Give me Caius * * That Book of his is commended . de Canibus .

Kings Colledge , Founded 1441.

King Henry the sixth in the nineteenth year of his Reign , began this royal Foundation .

In which Colledge at this present is standing one of the fairest Chappels in the See Stows Chronicle in the life of Henry the sixth . world , which only he finished , but intended to have made the Colledge conformable thereunto .

D Goade was of this House .

Queens Colledge , Founded 1448.

Queen Margaret wife to Henry the sixth laid the Foundation of this Colledge , but leaving the same imperfect , Queen Elizabeth wife to King Edward the fourth , obtained Licence to finish the same , which she accomplished .

Bishop Davenant was Master of this Colledge .

Sir Thomas Smith principal Secretary to Queen Elizabeth , was Fellow of this Colledge .

Katherine Hall , Founded 1475.

Robert Woodlork Chancellour of Cambridge , founded this Hall , it hath been since inlarged by many other Benefactors .

D. Sibbes and Gouge were of this House .

Iesus Colledge , Founded 1496.

Iohn Alcock Bishop of Ely and Lord Chancellour of England , procured Licence of King Henry the 7th to found this Colledge .

Christs Colledge , Founded 1505.

It was first begun by King Henry the sixth , and after his decease brought to perfection by the Lady Margaret Countesse of Richmond , and mother of King Henry the 7th .

This is called by D. Willet Collegium Theologorum , the Colledge of Divines , M. Perkins , M. Bains , and D. Ames were all Fellows of this Colledge .

St Iohns Colledge , Founded 1508.

The Lady Margaret Countesse of Richmond founded this Collenge , which hath been much inlarged since by other Benefactors .

D. Whitaker was Master of this Colledge .

There is a fair Library in it founded by Bishop Williams .

Magdalen Colledge , Founded 1519.

Edward Stafford Duke of Buckingham founded this Colledge ; it is since much inlarged by divers Benefactors .

Trinity Hall , Founded 1546.

It was founded and erected by King Henry the eight , it is since much inlarged by divers Benefactors .

Emanuel Colledge , Founded 1584.

Sir Walter Mildmay Privy Councellor to Queen Elizabeth obtained Licence of the said Queen to found and erect this Colledge . It hath since been much augmented by the liberality of divers Benefactors .

Doctor Preston was first Fellow of Queens Colledge , and the Master of Emanuel .

Sidney Sussex Colledge , Founded 1598.

Frances Sidney Countesse of Sussex ( Aunt to the renowned Sir Philip Sidney ) widow of Thomas Ratcliffe Earl of Sussex , founded this Colledge by the name of the Colledge of the L. Frances Sidney Sussex . It is much inlarged since by divers Benefactors .

Doctor Ward was Master there , and M. Gataker Fellow .

CHAP. XIV . Of the Universities of Scotland and Ireland .

THe learned men of Scotland have been these . A Carolo Magno , qui Galliam non minus literis quam armis illustrare cu. piebat , accersiti è Scotia , qui Philosophiam Lutetiae Graecè & Latinè docerent . Apud Scotos enim adhuc multi erant Monachi vetere disciplina nondum extincta , literis & pietate insignes . Quo è numero erat Joannes Cognomento Scotus , sive Albinus , quod idem valet , ( Scoti enim Albinos sua lingua vocant ) Caroli praeceptor , qui plurima ingenii sui monumenta reliquit è quibus nos Rhetorica praecepta vidimus , cum inscriptione Joannis Albini . Clementis quoque Scoti , qui eodem tempore Lutetiae literarum insignis professor erat , quaedam scripta adhuc supersunt . Commigrarunt etiam in Gallias complures Monachi Scoti , studio pletatis ducti , qui populis circa Rhenum Christianam doctrinam praedicabant , tanto successu ut plurimis in locis condiderint . Eorum memoriae id Germani dederunt , ut usque ad nostram aetatem semper Scotos eis praeficerent . Buchonani Rerum Scotic . Hist. l. 5.

1. Marianus sirnamed Scotus . 2. Hector Boetius both Historians . 3. Iohn Major a well known Schoolman .

Since the Reformation .

George Buchanan an excellent Poet.

King Iames his Scholar , and a good Poet also .

Napier the Laird of Marchiston .

Barclay the Father and the Sonne .

Iohn Skeine the Antiquary of this Nation .

Doctor Iohn Maxwell the learned Bishop of Rosse .

Rolloc , Baronius , Cameron , Melvin .

The Universities .

I. Aberdein .

King Alexander with his Sister Isabella adorned this with many priviledges about Academia Aberdoniensis . the year 1240.

Doctor Iohn Forbes was Professor of Divinity here .

Glasco .

It is honoured with an Archbishops See , and an University founded here by Archbishop Turbal , An. 1454.

St Andrews .

It is the chief Town of Fife , an Archiepiscopal See , and an University , erected in the year after our Saviours Incarnation , 1411.

The University of Ireland .

THe Christian Faith was first preached among the Irish by St Patrick .

The Irish Scholars of Patrick profited so notably in Christianity , that in the Age next following , Ireland was termed Sanctorum Patria , that is , the native Countrey of Saints ; and the Scottish Monks in Ireland and Britain highly excelled for their holinesse and learning .

Out of Ireland came Caelius Sedulius a Priest .

Richard Fitz-Ralf , commonly called Armachanus , is of famous memory , who turned the edge of his style about the year 1355. against the mendicant Friers , as detesting in Christians such voluntary begging .

Dublin , or Divelin .

There is a beautifull Colledge consecrated unto the name of the holy and indivisible Dublinium & Dublinia . The Irish call it Balacleigh , the Town upon Hurdles , when it was built , the foundation was laid upon Hurdles , the place was so fenish and moorish . This is the chief City of Ireland , it is situated in a delightfull and wholsome place . Trinity , which for the exercising and polishing of wits with good Literature , Queen Elizabeth endowed with the Priviledges of an University ; and it is furnished with a good Library .

Bishop Usher was born there , and was the first Scholar of that Colledge .

Thus much of Dublin ( saith Camden in his Britaine ) for the most part of which I acknowledge my self beholden unto the diligence and learning of Iames Usher Chancellor of St Patricks Church , whose variety of knowledge and judgement are far above his years .

The End of the second Book .

THE THIRD BOOK . Of such as were Famous for ZEAL IN THE True RELIGION , or any Kinde of Learning .

CHAP. I. A

ISaac Abarbinel a Jew of great note , both amongst the * * Quid Abrabaniel de quo tantopere gloriantur . Constant ▪ L'Emperour . Praefat. ad Benjamin . Itin. Some write his name Abrabaneel , or Abrabaniel , others Abravanel : Calvin , Barbanel without the A. Circa annum â servatoris nostri nativitate , millesimum & quingentesimum floruit . Jews and Christians . He is the best Expofitor of the Jews upon the Text.

His Hebrew Comment upon the Pentateuch and Prophets are much esteemed by those who are so well skilled in the Hebrew , that they are able to make use of them . He hath Commented ( say some a a Intellexi nuper integrum Abarbinelem in Turcia duobus magnis voluminibus excasum , nactum esse amicum meum , Gualterum Keuchenium . Quod si verum est , est quod sibi gratuletur . Nam liber est summè commendatus . Buxtor●●i Biblioth. Rabbin . ) upon all the Scripture .

Some Jews of malice study to pervert all Christian Doctrine , as this man Abrabban●●l or Barbanel a Rabbin of great pains and wit , but not of grace , and only to be followed , when he clearly is on our side . H. Broughtons Observat. upon the first ten Fathers .

Robert Abbot , a pious and Learned Bishop . Tum aliis scriptis suis , tum libro de Antichristo , & altero , de Gratia Dei , & perseverantia Sanctorum , nominis sui memoriam posteritati sempiternam confecravit . Scultet . de Curric . Vitae .

His excellent Writings are much esteemed . Some much commend his Book de Antichristo , others his Answer to Bishop , others his Treatise de gratia & perseverantia Sanctorum .

He wrote a most accurate Commentary ( in Latine ) upon the Epistle to the Romanes , with large Sermons upon every verse , in which he handled , as his Text gave him occasion , all the controverted points of Religion at this day . They who withhold this work from the publick view , as they wrong the Church in generall , so in speciall the City and Cathedrall Church of Worcester , to which he bequeathed Abel Redivivus . it as a kinde of legacy , as the Authours own words in his Dedicatory Epistle to B. Babington printed with his Sermons upon the 110 Psalm import .

Petrus Abelardus , vel ABAELARDUS , a person of great note in his time , contemporary with Bernard .

See Pasquiers Recherch . de la France , l. 6. c. 17.

Two of the verses of his Epitaph are these ,

Ille sciens quicquid fuit ulliscibile , vicit Artifices , artes , absque docente , docens .

Scripsit opera quam plurima in unum volumen edita opera & Studio Francisci Amboesi equitis .

Abelfoedus a great Cosmographer . Cosmographus , Ptolomaeo ut putatur major & doctior à Postello ex oriente venetias allatus , qui ante annos 300 , vixisse & princeps Assyriae , Syriae & Persidis fuisse traditur . Neand. Geog. parte 2 da ▪

Alpbonsus Tostatus , Abulensis Episc. 1430. Si alio quam suo seculo vivere contigisset , neque Hipponi Augustinum , neque Stridoni Hieronymum , neque quenquam ex illis proceribus Ecclesiae antiquis nunc invideremus . Episcopus Abulensis ●c praeterea Hispaniarum regis Consiliarius , item major referendrius ( quae triplex dignitas nec antè , nec postea , unum in hominem collata fuit ) praeter vastos illos in Scripturas Commentarios , varia etiam opuscula edidit , interque ea descriptionem terrae Sanctae . Voss. de Historicis Latinis , l. 3. c. 7. Caesareum jus , in Graeca Hebraicaque lingua , in Mathematicis item atque Geographia , sed & in historiis excelluerit : tot ac tanta duo deviginti annorum spatio scripsit , quot ne attentè quidem perlegere aliquis possit . Sacrarum literarum minutissima quaeque : Novum autem Testamentum admirandis Commentariis explicuit . Possev . Apparat. Sac. Tom. 1.

Had he lived in any other age save his own , we should not have needed now to envy either Hippo for Augustine , or Strido for Ierom , nor any other of those ancient noble Worthies of the Church .

Possevine in his Apparatus saith , that at the age of 22 years he attained the knowledge of almost all Arts and Sciences . For besides Philosophy and Divinity , the Canon and Civill Laws , History and the Mathematicks , he was well skilled in Greek and Hebrew .

Hic stupor est mundi , qui scibile discutit omne .

He wrote so many Books and they not ill ones , that the world computed a sheet for every day of his life : Some conceive they meant after he came to the use of Dr James his Table of Divinity Books first approved , then censured by Papists ▪ part . 4. Tom. 13. Vide Biblioth. Hisp. Tom. 2. reason and the state of a man , others say , he wrote more sheets of paper then he lived daies .

It is related by a very credible Author Fr. Ximenes , Archbishop of Toledo , and Primate of all Spain , that reckoning the daies that he lived , from his first infancy untill his dying day , you shall finde three sheets of paper that he wrote for every day .

He is styled Voluminous Abulensis , or the Voluminous Writer .

Accursius * * Florentinu● vir magni ingenii & singularis industriae . Primus enim in universum corpus legum ▪ ipsasque singulas leges , Glossus conscripsit . Professus est Bononiae , ubi & sepultus est . Boxhorn . Monum . Illust. vir . & Elog. Tanta est Accursiii Authoritas , ut ex ejus sententia causa judicanda sit , quoties insignis aliquis Interpres ei adhaeret . Dr Duck de Authorit. Jur. Civ . Rom. l. 1. c. 8. : He flourished in the year 1223 , or as some say , 1230. He was the first that wrote a Gloss upon all the Civil Law , and as yet the last , saith Genebrard in his Chronology .

Iacobus Acontius , He hath written a book called Stratagemata Satanae . See Dr Iacobi Aconti● nomen è praeclaris ingenii monumentis jampridem orbi notum arque illustre est . Ram. Epist. ●ac . Acont . Lectione stratagemum Satanae non solùm recreatus sum vehementer ; sed quibusdam apud nos melioris & notae & literaturae theologis legendos proposui , qui modestiam orationis & disputationis prudentiam mirificè comprobarunt . Id. ib. Cheinels Triunity .

Adrian the Emperour * * Divus Adrianus , cujus nomen non modò latini quidam , sed Graeci quoque nonnulli cum afflatu notant , cum melius ac frequentius sine scribitur , si ab Adriae civitatis nomine deducatur . In antiquitatum elogiis utrunque comperi . Fuisse verò Adrianus ab usque adolescentia Graecarum literarum adeo studiosus traditur , ut vulgò Graeculus appellaretur , ut Aurelius Victor & Spartianus prodidere . Mox rerum summam & imperium adeptus , in Graecia est diutissimè versatus , ut multis in locis ostendit Pausanias . Fuit in pangendis versibus versatus , saepeque non modo cum Philosophis aliisque scriptoribus certavit , sed & carminibus faciendis cum poë●is . Ad lacessendum pariter & respondendam , seriis , joco , maledictis acerrimus fuit , & protinus carmen carmini referre , ut prorsus meditatum dictum adversus omnia crederes . Lil. Gyrald . de Poet. Hist. Dial. 5. was a very Learned Prince and Facetious , a great Grecian , he was called by many Graeculus .

Pope Adrian the fourth , an Englishman , he was bred and born at St Albons . Oft Nicolaus Breckspeare ad culmen Pontificium sub nomine Hadriani 4 ti evectus , qui in familiari cum Johanne Sarisburiensi Anglo , amico veteri , colloquio , amice insinuare solebat , Ambire Pontificatum est Romulo succedere in parricidiis , non Petro in pascendis ovibus . Hotting . Hist. Eccles ▪ parte 3 tia . cap. 12. times in familiar talk with Iohn of Salisbury his Countryman he used these sentences : To take the Papacy ( saith he ) is to succeed Romulus in murder , and not Peter in sheep-feeding . None is more wretched then the Romish Bishop , neither is any mans condition more miserable then his . Iohan. Salisb. de nugis aulicorum , l. 8. His breath was stopt with a fly which entred into his throat .

Pope Adrian the sixth , a poor mans sonne of Utrecht .

He was a Learned man and Schoolmaster to Charles the 5th , who sent him to Rome to negotiate for him for the Popedom , thinking thereby to sway much if he could get both the Swords ; but they chose Adrian , who would not change his name ( as the custom is ) when he was made Pope . Marcellus Cervinus being elected Pope also retained his name , shewing that his dignity had not changed him . See the Hist. of the Counell of Trent , l. 5. p. 389 , 390.

He saith there , that the changing of the Popes names began , because Dutch men were made Popes , to whose names Roman ears were not accustomed , all that followed observed the same use , signifying thereby that they had changed their private affections into publick and divine cares . Platina saith Sergius the 2 d was first called Os Porci , Swines mouth , and because of that filthy name he took the Name of Sergius when he was made Pope , and that that custom continued after , that those which were made Popes changed their names , although this was not observed by them all .

Adrians memorable speech was , Nihil sibi imperio infelicius in vita accidisse ▪ That nothing befell him more unhappy in his life , then his Dominion .

He was severe and purposed to reform corruptions , and said he would begin with the Court , but was thereupon poysoned , as some think .

Vide Sleid. Comment. lib. 3.

Quod bonus & recti custos , quod pacis amator , Correctorque Aulae luxuriantis eras , Scilicet hac una ex causa vir sancte peristi , Vixisses annos Nestoris improbior .

Laurent . Pignor. in Symbii Epistol. Epist. 33. ad Johan . Thuilium .

He wrote as the genius of that age was twelve Quodilibeticall Questions , and Questions on the fourth book of the Master of the Sentences . Is erat illius saeculi apud Theologos genius , ut quae in controversiam vocarentur , graves in primis atque difficiles Quaestiones , quòd de re qualibet cuilibet disserere liceret , Quodibeticae appellarentur . Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg.

Aegidius Romanus Anno Christi 1280. Ex illustri Columniensium familia satus . Aegidius Bituricensis fit Episcopus & Aquitaniae primas Anno 1295. Aquinatis discipulus , quam plurima scripsit , & Beatus Doctor cognominatus est . Illyr. Catal. Test. Vetit . l. 16.

Aelian . His Books de animalibus and de varia historia are commended , though Anno aerae Christi 138. Helv. Chron. Aelianus quamvis genere Romanus , non minu● eleganter tamen Graecè quàm vel Mediterranei Athenienses locutus est . Philostratus in vita Aeliani . Ejus libri 14 variae historiae , libri item 16 historiae animalium varia doctrina exornati adhuc extant in publico , Graeco Latiné etiam aliquando editi opera & studio Conradi Gesneri Neand. Geog. parte 1a. a. Liber Aeliam de varia Historia minus elegans est , quam librorum de animalibus . Sed planè mihi persuadeo , non esse extremam operi manum additam ab auctore , eò quòd fato praeveniretur . Voss. de Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 11. some prefer the first .

Paulus Aemylius of Verona . Magnum is sibi nomen paravit opere inclyto de rebus gestis Francorum : cui annos XXX . impendisse dicitur . Omnino scriptor est elegans , ac disertus . Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 3. c. 12. Paulus Aemilius unicum eloquentiae Romanae nostro saeculo decus , cujus floribus quantum ad res Gallicas pertinet , Polydorus historiam adornavit suam . Lel. Comment. In Cygneam Cantionem . In Galliis & res quoque Gallicas scripsit , etsi non Gallus . Ludovicus XII . decus hoc Italiae abstulit & vindicavit sibi . Ille ut rem dicam , paene unas inter novos , veram & veterem Historiae viam vidit , eamque summo pede cal●●vit . Genus scribendi ejus doctum , nervo sum , pressum ad subtilitatem & argutias declinans , & relinquens aliquid in animo serii lectores : Rerum ipsarum sed usus scrutator , severus judex , nec legi nostro suo qui magis liber ab affectu . Lips . Not. ad 1. Lib. Polit. Cujus scripta varia , Historica Geographica , Orationes & Epistolae , & caerera , ejus in uno Volumine conjuncta habentur . Neand. Geog. parte 1a. a.

He beginning with the first Kings of France , hath written a French History of above a thousand years , yet with laconicall brevity . He is reported to have spent thirty years about this famous work , and by it got himself a great Name .

Gerardus Vossius lib. 3. de Hist. Lat. cap. 12. cals him an elegant and eloquent Writer .

Aeneas Sylvius an Italian , after called Pope Pius the 2 d , he lived in the year 1464.

Being seven years old sporting with his playfellows of the same age , he was saluted Pope by them , all of them kissing his feet , as the Papists do the Popes .

Historians report the like of Ambrose , how he was made a Bishop being a boy by his companions .

He was very Learned , an excellent Orator , a great Poet , Philosopher and Cosmographer , he could speak eloquently . Magna quidem in dicendo Pii laus fuit , quòd , cùm saepius iisdem de rebus loqueretur , diversa semper visus est dicere : tanta erat in homine elegantia & copia . Platina de vitis Pontificum Romanorum .

Scientia sane insignis , pari utinam & conscientia . Sed Papalis Cathedrae vis in eo statim enituit . Morn . Myst. Iniq.

He was at the Councell of Basill , wrote every thing , praising the Decrees that were there made exceedingly : But when he was advanced to this high degree of dignity , he changed his opinion , and would have the Counsell subject to the Popes . Sleid. Comment. l. 2. Whence that scoff of him , Quod Aeneas probavit , Pius damnavit .

He is said to be the Author of that famous Dystick ,

Non audet Stygius Pluto tentare quod audet . Boxhorn . Hist. Univers . Effrenis Monachus , plenaque fraudis anus .

Ioannes Aepinus , a Learned Divine . Primus ex Evangelicis Sacrosanctae Theologiae Doctor salutatur , Witebergae anno 1530. Boissardi Icones .

His severall Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

Aeschines the Orator , he was an Athenian , there was a great contest between him Lecte sunt Orationes Aeschinis : quarum tres numero sunt , & Epistolae novem. Nam Deliaca non est Aeschinis . In orationibus suavis , purus , distinctus , & Enthymemarum perspicuitate excellens . Photii Biblioch . p. 1463. and Demosthenes , Demosthenes caused him to be banished . Plenior Aeschines & magis fusus , & grandiori similis , quo minus strictus est : carnis tamen plus habet , lacertorum minus . Quintil. Instit. l. 10. c. 1.

Aeeschylus an Athenian . Cum calvus esset annos natus octo & quinquaginta , in agro sedens , accidit fortè ut aquila inde volans , testudinem in caput ejus demitteret , rata scilicet calvum Aeschyli caput saxum esse , quo ales ipsa ejusmodi animalia solet conquassere : qua quidem testudinis ruina , ejus ita cerebrum & caput comminutum est & contritum , ut statim interierit , Historiam praeter alios Aelianus & Valerius Maximus per scribunt . Lil. Gyrald . de Hist. Dial. 6. Aeschylus sublimis , gravis , grandiloquus saepe usque ad vitium sed rudis in plerisque & incompositus . Quint. l. 10. Instit. Orat.

He first published Tragedies , saith Quintilian Institut. Orat. l. 10. c. 1.

When he heard that he should die with a stroak coming from above , he shunned houses and was wont to remain in the open air , but he was killed by a Tortoyse falling from the mouth of an Eagle upon his baldhead . See Plin. l. 10. c. 3.

Agapetus Diaconus , a most Learned and holy man .

These are his Works ,

De Officio Regis , Gr. & Lat.

Expositio Capitum Paraeneticorum ad Iustinianum Caesarem Gr. & Lat.

Agobardus Bishop of Lions in France , Anno Christi 840. Patria Gallus , Judicio magno praeditus , & divina scientia instructissimus : Lugdunensis Episcopus Illyr . Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 9.

Peracris ingenii & doctrinae , Possev . a man very acute and Learned .

CHAP. II.

ROdolphus Agricola . He was a very eminent Scholar , a Musician , a Painter , Illius scripta maximè omnium qui aetate nostra vixerint mihi quidem probantur . Pet. Bemb . Epist. l. 6. Eras. Vir cum omnium liberalium artium egregiè eruditus , tum Oratoriae atque Poeticae peritissimus . Denique & Graecam linguam non minus quam Latinam calluit . Eras. Epist. l. 21. Vir in secularibus literis omnium suo tempore doctissimus , & divinarum non ignar●s , Philosophus , Rhetor & poeta celeberrimus , trium linguarum principalium , Hebraicae , Graecae , Latinae peritus , ingenio subtilis , eloquio disertus . Trithemius de uiris Illustribus . In luminibus tenebrosi hujus saeculi jure censendus . Morn . Myst. Iniq. part . 2. Rodolphus Agricola primus omnium post beata Graeciae Italiaeque tempora eximium illum logicae facultatis usum revocavit , ut juventus à poëtis & oratoribus disceret non solum pure loqui & ornate dicere , sed de propositis rebus acute cogitare prudenterque judicare . Rami Praefat. De conjungenda Eloquentia cum Philosophia . Vide Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica . & vit. Profes . Gron. & Pantal. de Vir. Illust. German . and very studious of other Arts and learned in them . Inter Graecos graecissimus , inter Latinos latinissimus : Amongst the Grecians a speciall Grecian ; amongst the Latinists a pure Latinist . In verse you would have thought him another Virgill , in prose he resembled Angelus Politianus in wittiness , in majesty he exceeded him . Swertii Athenae Belgicae .

Hermolaus Barbarus made these verses on Agricola ,

Invida clauserunt hoc marmore fata Rudolphum Agricolam , Frysii spemque decusque soli . Scilicet hoc vivo meruit , Germania , laudis , Quicquid habet Latium , Graecia quicquid habet .

Beissard in his Icones mentions his Works .

Thuanus Tomo primo Hist. l. 16. p. 459. much commends Georgius Agricola . He goes beyond all in those subjects , Dere M●ttallica , & Statica .

Henricus Cornelius Agrippa , a great Scholar , but too much given to Magick , as his Book De occulta Philosophia shews , which I wonder any will justifie .

Adhuc cum plausu à multis exceptum volumen de vanitate scientiarum , alium addidit librum de occulta Philosophia , curiosis admodum pestilentem , quod opus ex censura Christiana , edicto vetatur , apud unos impios reperitur . Paul . Jov. Elog. Doct. Vir. homo cumprimis eruditus & Magicis superstitionibus infamis : Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. lib. 89. Vanissimus ille vanitatum effictor . Tych. Brah. lib. 1. de Nova Stella .

Ainsworth a Brownist , but a learned Hebrician , and good Commentator on the five Books of Moses , the Psalmes and Canticles . He hath published also other Works , all which are much liked by some of our Divines .

William Alablaster an excellent Poet , he wrote a Poem called Elisaeis , of the chief things in Q. Elizabeths Reign , but it was not perfected .

There is his Apparatus in revelat . Iesu Christi .

Albategnius an Arabian , Anno 1070. a famous Mathematician and Physitian . Albatenius in Aristotelem commentarios aedidit , ac Galeni libros in Arabum vertit sermonem , scripsitque de simplicibus . Volat. Anthropol . l. 21. He hath written De Numero Stellarum & Motibus .

Albertus Magnus , for his Learning and exact knowledge of all good Disciplines Ob sapientiam singularem cognomento magnus Bellarm. de script . Eccles. A●no Christi 1259. Calvis . Chron. Albertus cognomento magnus , vir in divinis Scripturis eruditissimus , & in seculari Philosophia nu●ll suo tempore secundus , ingenio subtilis , sermone Scholasticus , vita & conversatione devotus & sanctissimus . Si quae miranda fecisse dicitur , non malcficio sed occultis naturae sibi tamen patentibus rebus id factum non dubito . Trithem . Catal ▪ Illust. vir . Vir eruditionis admirandae , quem divinarum rerum pauca , humanarum fortasse nulla la●uerunt , sublimibus ingenii ac memoriae viribus usque ad miraculum praestans , in divinis studiis longè eruditissimus , & Philosophorum omnium quos vel ante , vel post eum universa Germania protulit princeps , ob eximiam scientiatum ejus multitudinem ▪ magnitudinemque . Magni cognomen , quod nulli unquam eruditorum contigit , ante mortem adeptus . Sixt. Senens . Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. he was sirnamed Great . He left many Scholars and two principall ones among the rest , Thomas de Aquino , and Bonaventure .

He died when he was fourscore years old . He left many Books which are now Printed , and do much elucidate Philosophy and Divinity . Although he was as it were the chief of the Schoolmen , yet he hath some things not agreeable to the Doctrine of the Papists .

Ill●r . Catal. Test. verit . l. 16.

His Works were many , the principall are reckoned up by Boissard in his Icones .

Leander Albertus , His Italia , and his Book De viris Illustribus ordinis Praedicatorum , shew his great abilities .

Leo Bapt. * * Ingenio vir admirabili , ac uti ad omnes omnino disciplinas tam practicas quam theoricas nato : nam & Geometria perfectus & Optices , Astrologiae , Musicae , Picturae , Torrentices , aliarumque id genus artium omnium gnarus fuit , opera quoque nonnulla reliquit haud vulgaria , nominatim librum praeclarae eruditionis indicem de architectura . Leand. Alb. Descript. tot . Ital. Albertus , he was a Learned man of the same family .

Gabriel Albaspinaeus Bishop of Orleance .

He published a Book de Eucharistiae Mysterio , and two Books De veteribus Ecclesiae ritibus cum notis in Concilium Eliberitanum , & aliquot Tertulliani libros .

Mr Selden and Mr Gillespie cite his observations on Tertullian , and speak of him as a great Antiquary .

This was his Epitaph ,

Clauditur hoc tumulo spinâ cui nomen ab Albâ , Successor patriae fidei , successor honoris , Regis deliciae , procerumque & plebis amores : Dives opum bene partarum , sed ditior usu ; Munificus , facilisque aditu , studiisque politus Ingenuis , rectique tenax , & simplice lingua Egregium decus oris erat ; maturius annis Consilium , & cani juvenili in corpore mores . Denique florebat summae spes proxima laudi ; Cùm brevis humanis semper virtutibus aetas Ter den●s juvenem vetuit numerare Decembres . Tot bona quam parvo rapuerunt tempore fata !

Edmundus Albertinus , a Learned French Protestant Divine of Paris .

There is a Learned Book of his de Sacramento Encharistiae lately published , with a Preface of Blondels to it .

Andreas Alciatus was the first that wrote Learned notes on the Civil Law , after Andreas Alciatus mediolanensis primus purioris litteraturae & antiquitatis cognitionem ad Juris scientiam attulit , Thuanus Hist. Tom. 1. l. 8. Vide plura ibid. Post eum statim affulserunt ex singulis nationibus Christianis jurisconsulti Clarissimi , ex Italis Decianus , M●nochius , Pancirollus ; ex Hispanis Ant. Augustinus , Did. Covarruvias , Ant. Govea●us , Arius Penellus ; ex Gallis Budaeus , Cujacius Duarenus , Tiraquellus , Contius , Hottomamus , Balduinus , Brissonius , Antonius & Pet. Faber ; ex Germanis Zasius , Sichardus , Vigilius . D. Duck de Author . Jur. Civil . Roman . l. 1. c. 5. Vide Ianl Nicii Erythraei pinaco cothecam secundam in Francisco Alciato . him Budeus , and Cujacius , and many others .

Erasmus * * l. 23. Epist. Epist. 12. Lil. Gyrald . de Poet. Nost. Temp. Dial. 2. stiles him Unicum hujus aetatis miraeulum , ac studiorum delicium , the only miracle of this age , and the darling of the Muses : By Lilius Gyraldus he is intitled , Iurisperitorum eloquentissimus , eloquentium juris peritissimus , polyhistor , bonusque poeta .

His Emblems are much commended by Iulius Scaliger . Alciati praeter emblemata nihil mihi videre contigit . Ea verò talia sunt ut cum quovis ingenio certare possint . Dulcia sunt , pura sunt , elegantia sunt : sed non sine nervis : sententiae verò cales , ut etiam ad usus civilis vitae conferant . Scalig. Hypercritic . cap. 3.

Arias Montanus made these verses of him ,

Eloquio jus Romanum lucebat & arte ▪ Turba obscurarunt barbara legulei . Andreas prisco reddit sua jura nitori , Consultosque facit doctius inde loqui .

Our age ( saith Learned Pasquier Recherch . de la France , l. 9. ch. 30. ) brought forth four great persons in the same time , Erasmus a Dutchman , Budeus a Frenchman , Alciate an Italian , Vives a Spaniard : and yet we have with us ( saith he ) Adrian Turnebus and Peter Ramus , which last hath made many Books full of learning and knowledge ; and for Turnebus his Adversaria consisting in Humanity , it is a work unimitable in variety of knowledge . In his 29. ch. of that Book he speaks of the Lawyers in the year 1500 which joyned the study of the Law with humane learning , where he makes honourable mention of also Budeus , Alciate , Cujacius , and divers others .

Stephanus Paschafius likewise in his Icones , hath these verses of Erasmus , Budaus and Alciate .

Qui leget hos , leget ille sui tria lumina secli , Lumina non ullo non celebranda die . Hic Italus , Gallusque alius , Germanus & alter , Quos triplex uno tempore fama tulit .

Flaccus Albinus or Alcuinus , vir illis temporibus longè eruditissimus , a learned Albinus Flaccus , cognomento Alcuinus , natione Anglicus , Beda Presbyteri Auditor , vir in omni scientiarum genere suo tempore celebratissimus , & Caroli magni Augusti praeceptor . Sixtus Senens . Biblioth. Sanct l. 4. Alcuinus Caroli magni magister & am●cus suit , qui & ipse nonnihil in poetica promovit : at in caeteris disciplinis abundè laudatur . Certè in Gallorum annalibus inter caetera , quod autor fuit ut Parisiensis Schola erigeretur : vobis eam ex iis referam . Delatos esse in Galliam ex Scotia aiunt Claudium , loannem Rnabanum & Alcuinum omnes olim Bedae discipulos , qui se nihil quicquam aliud prae ●r bonas artes & sapientiam è patria exporta●●e profiterentur , venalemque eam se habere . Res ad Caro um defertur , jussu ejus vocantur . Iidem profitentur liberè , gratis etiam se edocturos , si modo eis locus & vi●a p●aeste●u● . Intellexi●res ingenuas eorum mentes animumque esse , eos apud se retinuit : atque ita ( ut fertur ) ex iis Pa●●sien●e gymnasium initium sumpsit . Lil. Gyrald . de Poet. Hist. Dial. 5. Temporibus Pipini , & filii ejus Caroli magni , Francorum regum , claruir Flaccus Alcuinus , cui cognomentum Albinus fuit . Natione hic erat Anglus , docuit Carolum magnum , ac eidem po●t ab eleemosynis & sanctioribus consiliis fuit , etiam consilio ejus Carolus instituit Academiam Parisinam . Latinè , Graecè , Hebraicè caslebat : atque idem erat rhetor , Philosophus , Marh●maticus , & theologus nobilis . Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 2. c. 30. English man for those times , Schoolmaster of Charles the Great , one of the Founders of the University of Paris . He lived 800 years after Christ , saith Helvicus in his Chronol.

Camden in his Britane in Yorkeshire , makes honourable mention of him : So doth Caius Histor. Cantabr . Academ . l. 1. p. 37.

That which many Writers observe , of his being Bedes Scholar , will not be made good .

Ulysses Aldrovandus , percelebris ille de animalibus scriptor , so he is styled by Rondeletius , Gesnerus , & Aldrovandus , qui tres constituunt trigam historicorum Phy●icorum absolutissimam . Alsted . Encyclop . Gassendus in vita-Peireskii . l. 1.

His Books de Animalibus printed at Bononia are commended .

Hieronymus Aleander Cardinall , was Learned in Latine , Greek and Hebrew , ad stuporem usque , whose labour Leo the Pope used against Luther .

He was of so great a memory , that though he greedily read over many Volumes , yet he remembred all , and would rehearse it long after . Neand. Geog. parte ● a.

Alexander the Great , He was tam Marti quam Mercurio , a great Scholar and Nam duo Alexandri , unus Macedo alter Imperator Romanus , Hic Virgilii studiosissimus traditur fuisse , ille Homeri , u● nulla unquam die ab eorum lectione vacaverunt . Volat. Comment. Urb. l. 33. Nam Alexandrum à primis annis disciplina erudiit Aristoteles , & ad eam tum animi , tum ingenii praestantiam , quae postea res illas , omnium opinione majores & aggressus est , & confecit , praeceptis Philosophiae pulcherrimis extulit . Phalangem verò , ejusque artem struendae ab uno primum Homeri poetae versu manasse , doctissimi homines memoriae prodiderunt . Ergo vicissim & à litteris adjuvantur arma , & abarmis literae sustinentur . Paul . Manut. Praefat. ad Epist. Souldier both .

He was bred and taught under Aristotle , who Dedicated divers Books of Philosophy unto him : He was attended with Calisthenes , and divers other learned persons that followed him in Camp , and were his perpetuall Associates in all his travailes and conquests . He expostulates with Aristotle for publishing the mysteries of Phylosophy , and gave him to understand , That himself esteemed it more to excell others in Learning and Knowledge , then in Power and Empire .

Alexander de Hales : He was an English man , and Princeps Scholasticorum one Is natione Anglicus , fons vitae primùm deinde Doctor irrefrag●●i●i● cognomin●● is clarui●●a●isi●s 1240. & audi . tores habuit Aquinatem , Bonaventuram & alios qui post eum Pontificias traditiones variis modis propagarunt . Quaedam tamen scriptis Alexandri occurrunt , quae cum aliorum Scholasticorum dictis non omnino conveniunt . Discipuli enim & successores , dum magistris acutiores videri volunt , er●ores auxerunt . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 16. Vide Sixt. Senens . Bibl. Sanct l. 4. of the chief Schoolmen . He was first called Fons vitae , then Doctor irrifragabilis , the Master of Thomas Aquinas , and Bonaventure . He flourished in the year of Christ 1245.

He wrote by the Commandment of Pope Innocent the 4th , an excellent and most copious summe of Divinity , which is generally known . Bellarm. de Script . Eccles. He wrote other things also , as Gesner shews in his Bibliotheca .

Camden in his Britain in Glocestershire mentions Hales a Monastery there , whence this our Country man came .

Alexander Alesius , a Scotchman of later times , magni inter suos nominis Theologus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2 do l. 36. Anno Dom. 1551.

Alexander ab Alexandro , a Neapolitane .

He hath written a book styled Genialium dierum , which it were good to reade with Tiraquellus his Annotations , because he shews what Authours he was beholding to for those things he hath .

Iuris consultus Neapolitanus , reliquit Genialium dierum libros sex , verè promptuarium antiquitatis veterisque historiae , etsi nec pauca in ●o sint ad verborum proprietatem , aliaque studia pertinentia . Unum autem hoe meritò in hisce praeclaris Commentariis improbari solet , quòd eorum unde profecisset , dissimularet autores . Sed huic vitio medicinam fecit doctissimus , Tiraquellus , qui digitum ad fontes intendens , unde quaeque hausta essent , judicavit . Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 3. c. 8.

Alhazen ▪ Tycho Brahe cals Vitellio ejus imitatorem . Inter Optices scriptores praecipui sunt Alhazen & Vitellio . Tych. Brah. De Nova Stella . c. 1.

Leo Allatius , * * Primùm quidem suspiciens variam , insignemque eruditionem , qua Leo Allatius vir pereruditus Romae degens ; tot Graecos auctores hactenus invisos , aut inemendatos profert , castigat , interpretatur felicitate mirabili , favere illius conatibus voluit , studioseque egit cum Typographis Parisiensibus , ut lucubrationum ipsius editionem aggrederentur . Gassend . de Vita Peireskii lib. 5. a Learned Scholer , a naturall Grecian .

He hath put out a Book entitled Apes Urbanae , of all the famous men which were at Rome in the years 1630 , 1631 , 1632 , and have published Books .

Muhamedes Alfraganus , a great Astronomer . He is translated out of Hebrew by Iacobus Christmannus , and put out in Arabick and Latine , by Golius .

There are his Chronol. & Astron. Elementa .

Alfred King of England . Alfridus , qui & Ealfredus , & Aluredus debellavit Danos , & unicus sui saeculi Maecaenas ●uit . Hujus viri nunquam satis laudati res gestas scripsit Asserius Menevensis , cujus ego historiam plurimi merito facio , quòd Alfrido regi praeceptor aliquando fuit & ejus actorum oculatus planè testis . Lelandi Comment. In cygn. Cant. Ita doctus evasit demum , ut Grammaticus , Philosophus , Rhetor , Historicus , Musicus , & Poeta non vulgaris haberetur : imo architectus ac geometer perfectissimus . Balaeus de Script . Britan. Cent. 2. Dedit Aturedus jam viginti natus annos operam literis , atque ita doctus evasit brevi , ut divi Gregorii dialogos , opus Boetii de Consolatione Philosophiae & Psalmos Davidis , ex Latino in patrium sermonem verterit , quo à cunctis facile intelligeretur . Polyd. Verg. Anglio . Hist. lib. 5.

He divided the day and night into three parts , if he were not let by Warres and other great business , eight hours he spent in Study and Learning , other eight hours he spent in Prayer and Almes-deeds , and other eight hours he spent in his naturall rest , sustenance of his body , and the affairs of his Kingdom .

He was not only very Learned himself , but also a worthy maintainer of the same through all his Dominions .

Thomas Allen , he hath put out Notes on Chrysostem , and Sir Henry Savill often styles him Doctissimum : he was skilled both in Greek and Divinity .

Peter de Alliaco , Bishop of Camray in France , and Cardinall of the Church of Episcopus Cameracensis & Ecclesiae Romanae Cardinalis Parisiensis gymnasi● quondam Cancellarius , praeceptor Johannis de Gerson , vir in divinis scripturis eruditissimus , & insecularibus literis , maxime in Philosophia Aristotelica nobiliter doctus , ingenio excellens & Clarus eloquio , declamator quoque sermonum egregius . Trithem . de Script . Eccles. Rome , 1400.

He was a famous Mathematician and Divine , a Germane .

He observing many superstitions and errours in the Church , wrote a Book De Reformatione Ecclesiae , and in the year 1414 , he left it with the Councell of Constance to judge of it .

Alphonsus King of Arragon . Alphonsus Rex in tabulas Astronomicas convocatis undique Mathematicis insignibus quadringenta Coronatorum millia impendit . Alexandri erga Aristotelem in animalium historiam liberalitate pene exaequata . Rami Scholae Mathem . l. 3. Alphonsus Arragonum & Siciliae Rex non tantum doctos in omni scientiarum genere viros amavit . Sed ipse etiam tam impense bonorum auctorum lectioni operam dedit , ut a gravissimis etiam morbis lectionis assiduirate se liberatum saepenumero pronunciavit . Hispanos etiam quingentis atque eo amplius annis à studiis usque adeo abhorrentes , ut qui litteris operam impenderent , ignominia propemodum notarentur , ad litterarum cultum sic revocavit , ut rudes propeque efferator homines , doctrina & cruditione reformaverit . Quotidie Poetas , Philosophos , Theologos , aut legentes aut disputantes , aut orantes magna attentione audire solebat . Boxhorn . Monum . Illust. vir . & Elog. Vide Gassend . Praefat. in Tych Brah. vit. & Panormit . vit. Alphonsi regis Arragonis .

He much favoured the wits of his age , and therefore he honourably maintained at his Court Bartholomaeus Facius , Georgius Trapezuntius a Grecian , Laurentius Valla , Antonius Panormitanus , and other Learned men in great number . His vertues are most amply celebrated by Blondus , Sabellicus , Bernardinus Corius , Antonius Panormitanus , Simoneta , and other Learned Writers .

A most excellent Philosopher and Astronomer as any of his time , a great lover and advancer of Learning .

He was wont to say , Se malle privatim vivere , quam eruditione carere , he had rather live privately then want learning , and that an unlearned King was but a Crowned Asse .

When he was sick of a great disease , and his Physitians applied many medicines in vain , he began to reade the history of Curtius concerning Alexander , and was so much delighted with it , that being restored to health he is reported to have said , Valeant Avicenna , Hippocrates , medici caeteri : Vivat Curtius sospitator meus . Anton. Panorm. lib. de rebus gestis Alphonsi .

Petrus Alphonsus , a Jew , and first called Moses , he left Judaism and was converted to the Christian Faith , and was by Baptism ingraffed into Christ , in the year of our Lord 1106 , on Peters day , when he was 44 years old , whence he had the name of Peter given him ; and because Alfonsus the King of Spain was his Surety in Baptism , he was called Alfonsus . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 14. Iohn Henry Alstid an industrious Writer , but a great Collectour .

Henricus Alting . Roma in Bibliotheca vatican● inter Heidelbergensia cimelia , dicam an spolia , ostentat themata & exercitia styli Regis Bohemiae , Altingii manu emendats , eruditis peregrinatoribus minimèque superstitlosis visenda vitae Profes . Groningae .

He and Conradus Vorstius were Piscators Scholars ; Piscator was wont to call Alting Theologum optimum , Vorstins Pessimum .

Spinola invading the Palatinate , and the place taken where he remained , a bloudy fellow used these words to him with a Poleax in his hand , I have killed with these hands ten men to day , to which D. Alting shall be speedily added , if I knew where he did lie hid , but who art thou ? he answered , I was the Schoolmaster in the Colledge of Wisdom , and so escaped .

His works are these Scripta Theologica Heidebergensia tribus Tomis .

Exegesis Augustanae confessionis , unà cum Syllabo controversiaram Lutharanarum Methodus Theologiae Didacticae , & Catecheticae .

Henry Alting his sonne , who wrote Hebraeorum Respublica Scholastica .

Didatus Alvarez , a famous Spanish Divine , and for the most part orthodox

Natione Hispanus , patria Granatensis . Fuit ingenio candidus , moribus suavis .

Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societ . Iesu a Philippo Alegambo edita . Insignis Theologus & in controversiis de Praedestinatione ut plurimum Orthodoxus . Twiss ▪ contra Corvinum . cap. 10. Sect. 2.

in the controversies concerning Predestination , as likewise Dominicus Bannes , and the Dominicans generally are , who follow Thomas , as the Franciscaens do Scotus .

Sixtinus Amama , a Dutchman , both learned and modest . De nominum divino●um differentiis , & religione atque decretis Rabbinorum circa illa diligentissimè doctissiméque scripsit Cl. Vir D. Sixtinus Amama Ebraic literarum professor , praeceptor meus & fautor maximopere honorandus , in dissertatione sua de nomine Tetrigrammato not . Coch. Tit. Talmud . Sahend . c. 7.

His Antibarbarus Biblicus and Censura are usefull .

One that had a natural genius to enlighten the Text of Scripture , and to finde

Mr. Medes 3d d Letter to my Lord of Armagh .

Episcopus Mediolanensis , in divinis scripturis atque in secularibus literis omnium facilè doctissimus , Graeco atque Latino sermone ad perfectum instructus , cujus meritum totus orbis personat . Qui in exponendis declarandisque divinis scripturis omnes doctores vicit , cujus fidem nulla unquam potestas terrena infringere potuit , ita ut multis Episcopis pro fide religatis exilio , Ambrosium nullus unquam auderet attingere . Fuit enim velut malleus haereticorum , constantissimus impugnator , cujus linguae in fide Christi loquenti nulla potuit anquam authoritas humana imponere filentium . Pro fide semper paratus quaelibet subire pericula , Domino protegente liber ubique & illaesus evasit . Trithem . de Scriptoribus Eccles. Vi● . disertus & valde eruditus in Philosophia . Hunc falso accusat Porphyrius quod ex Christian● Ethnicus fuerit , cum constet cum usque ad extremam vitam Christianum perseverasse . Hieron de Script . Eccles.

the notion of the sacred Language .

Ambrose Bishop of Milane .

He hindred Theodosius the Emperour from entring into the Church , for a murther committed at Thessalonica . To whom when the Emperour said , That David the King was also an adulterer and manslayer , Ambrose answered , Qui secutus es errantem , sequere poenitentem , Thou that hast followed him sinning , follow him repenting . Hence the Emperour underwent a publick penance imposed upon him by the Bishop . He stoutly defending the Catholick Faith and Ecclesiastical Discipline , converted many Arians , and other hereticks to the truth of the Faith .

It is reported of him , that when he was an Infant , a swarm of Bees setled on his face , as be lay in his Cradle , and flew away without hurting of him , whereupon his Father said , If this childe live , he will be some great man .

He flourished anno Christi 361. Helv. Chron.

Cardinal Baronius at the commandment of Pope Sixtus , wrote St Ambrose his life with all diligence . Before he was Bishop , he was a secular Judge , and no Divine : nay , no Christian at all : but his Christianity and Divinity began both together , after he was chosen Bishop of Milane . For , he was fain to be Christened , before he could be consecrated . Bish. Andrews Answ. to the 20th Ch. of Cardinal Perrons Reply .

CHAP. III.

VVIlliam Ames Doctor of Divinity , a judicious and solid English Divine , witnesse his Medulla Sacrae Theologiae , his five Books De Conscientia & ejus jure , vel casibus .

His Bellarminus Enervatus , his Corronis ad collationem Hagiensem , and his other works .

Amiraldus a learned French Divine . He hath written divers learned Tracts both Est ejus ingenium comptum & ac●● , nec in ejus oratione desideratur nitor , nec in disputando solertia , eruditio ejus non est vulgaris . Molinaeus praefat. ad de Amyrald . adversus Spanhem . judicium . in Latine and French . De libero arbitrio , de gratia contra Spanhemium , de secessione ab Ecclesia Romana .

Gulielmus de Sancto Amore , a Master of Paris , and chief Ruler then of that University .

He was a worthy and valiant Champion of Christ , and adversary of Antichrist . He wrote against the Friers and their hypocrisie , but especially against the begging Friers .

In his dayes there was a most detestable and blasphemous book set forth by the Friers , which they called Evangelium aeternum , or , Evangelium Spiritus Sancti , The Everlasting Gospel , or , The Gospel of the holy Ghost ; it said , The Gospel of Christ was not to be compared with that Gospel , no more then darknesse to light . That the Gospel of Christ should be preached but fifty years , and then this Everlasting Gospel should rule the Church . He mightily impugned this pestiferous Book . Foxes Act. and Monum . Tom. 1. p. 410. to 416.

Ammonius Alexandrinus , an eloquent man , and great Philosopher . Cognomento Saccus , quod ex bajulo evasisset Philosophus , ac tantus , ut parem vix aclne vix quidem habuerit , inter Aristotelis nimirum servos . Heerboord . Ep. Dedicat. ad Select . ex Philos. Disputat .

Amphilochius , He flourished about the year 380. Vide Bollarm . de Script . Eccles. lconii Episcopus S. Gregorii aequalis . Non facile judicari potest , quid in illis primum admirari debeas , eruditionem seculi an scientiam scripturarum . Hieron de Ba●ilio , Gregori● Nazianzeno & Amphilochio .

Anacreon .

The learned and noble Poet Anacreon was born in Perche in France . His Poem concerning Gems and precious Stones , deserves the Laurelwreath .

Anastasius the Popes Library-keeper , he hath written faithfully the lives of Vir pro temporum conditione Graecis & Latinis literis eruditus . Sigon . de Rom. Histor. Scriptoribus . 109 Popes of Rome .

Anastasius Synaita . In the year of our Lord 640.

He is by some * * B. Ush. Answ. to the Ios Challenge , p. 128. called Nicenus , by others Sinaita , and Antiochenus .

Petrus Ancharanus ( sive Ancoranus ) Bononiensis . Florebat in Italia anno Christi Servatoris 1410. Sigismundo Romanorum Imperatore . Boissarli ●coues

He was of the illustrious Family of the Farnesii . He wrote in both the Laws . He wrote five Books upon the Decretals , one Book on six of the Decretals , one Book on the Clementines , one Book concerning the Rules of the Law , and others .

Bishop * * Vir quanta dicendi vi praeditus ac in concionibus praecipue sacris , loquatur Aula Regia , loquatur universa Anglia , quanta eruditione , loquetur sed non sine stomacho credo , ab illotortus , Tortus ille Cardinalis . Godw. de Praesul . Angl. Comment. Acutissimi & acerrimi judicii ac styli Praesul . Spanhem . Andrews .

De cujus alta doctrina in omni genere disciplinarum , quicquid dixero minus erit . Casaub. ad Front . Duc. Epist.

Some learned men much commend his Tortura Torti , Exactissimae fidei & diligentia scriptum . Casaub. ubi supra .

Vulgarem secutus sermonem vir longè doctissimus , qui pro Iuramento Fidelitatis in Anglia Matthaeo Torto respondens , opus suum Torturam Torti inscripsit . Vossius De vitiis Sermonis , l. 3. c. 53.

Anselme .

There were two Anselmes , ours , Archbishop of Canterbury , and the other of Laon in France , Anselmus Laudanensis , the Author of the interlineary glosse , who lived anno Christi 1110.

I shall speak of the first who was an Italian .

This Anselme though he was learned and continent all his life time , yet being Gente Italus Cantuariensis Archiepisco . put ex : Regis Gulielmi secundi consensu electus . Anni Christi 1093. Calvis . Chron. Lanfranci fuit discipulus in monasterio Beccensi , in quo Abbatis munus circa annum 1080. administravit juxta Sigebertum . Quarto post Lanfranci obitum anno in Cantuariensi Ecclesia à Rege accitus ipsi successit anno 1094. Illyr. Catal. Test. veritat . l. 12. obstinate in his opinion , he often swerved from the truth and doctrine of Christ , and rather loved the glory and vain fame of Christian praise , then truth it self .

He first in England forbad Priests marriage .

He flourished in the year of our Lord 1080.

For his witty inventions , forecastings , policies , disputations and other laborious affairs about the overthrow of princely Authority , and uprearing of Antichrists tyranny , Pope Urbanus appointed both him and them that should afterward succeed in the Patriarchal seat of Canterbury to sit at his right foot in every general Councel , and that he also ratified by a special decree . Thus it was proclaimed Bales English Votaries , p. 54. when that place was given him , in the open Synod , Includamus hunc in orbe nostro , tanquam alterius orbis Papam .

Marcus Antoninus Emperor . Marcu● Antoninus , Pius cognomento , Philosophus . Fuit hic unus inter Caesares omnes aequissimus ac optimus . Lyl. Gyrald . De Poet. Hist. Dial. 5. Antoninus Philosophus Laudatissimus princeps : Commodus Turpissimus , exemplum proverbii , Heroum filii noxae . Helv. Chronol. Pius Clemens , & pie●as clementia , apud politos scriptores . Hinc . Antoninus Pius appellatus , quod natura Clementissimus esset , inquit Spar●●anus . Herald . in Arnob.

He was the greatest Philosopher of his time . When he was going to make warre upon the Germans , the Philosophers generally came with Questions to him to answer , least he dying in that expedition , they should be unresolved .

For his clemency and modest behaviour he had the name of Pius , and is for the same in Histories commended .

Antoninus of Florence . Anno aerae Christianae 161.

He hath written three Tomes of Chronicles , and four Parts of Summes in great Volumes .

Marcus Antonius de Dominis .

His Books De Republica are much commended .

Marcus Antonius Genuae , cui veterum doctrinarum arcana patent , quo nemo peritior Aristotelis interpres . Manut. Epist. l. 4. Epist. 5. Alexandrum Aphrodisaeum ; cujus de anima libros abs te Latinos factos miseras mihi de mense Octobri , legi magna cum voluptate cum ejus Philosophi causa , tum ●ua . Nam neque ille converti à quoquam meo quidem judicio , aut elegantius potuisset , aut majori cum fide : neque tu parvam laudem in eo explicando mihi assequutus videbare . Bembus lib. 2. Epist. Hieronymo Donato .

Alex. Aphrodisaeus . One of the first Interpreters of Aristotle .

Petrus Apianus a famous Mathematician . Mathematicus superioris aetatis celeberrimus . Philippus Apianus , veteris illius Petri Apiani , de rebus Astronomicis impensè meriti filius , inque his Disciplinis ex●olendis , non degene● Parentis sectator . Tych. Brah. Lib. 1. De nova Stella c. 9. Tych. Brah.

Petrus Aponensis seu Aponius , a chief Physician in his time .

He wrote Commentaries upon Aristotles Problems .

Vir Philosophiae & Medicinae famâ tam clarus , ut ab discrepantes in iis disciplinis sententias in consonam , aptamqu● unius sensus concordiam revocatas vulgò Conciliator appelletur . Castellanus De vitis Medicorum .

Apollinaris the Father and Son , both Hereticks . Apollinaris pater & filius alter pro Homeri poema●e Heroici● versibus ▪ Moysis libros & veteres Hebraeorum res usque ad Sau●is regnum composuit , & Tragaedias ad imitationem Euripidis , & argumenta Comica ad Menandri exemplum tractavit , alter vero sacra Evangelia & Pauli Epistolas ad Platonis imitationem dialogis ▪ in●lusit . Pezel . Mellific . Histor. parte 2 d ▪ p. 273.

Apollinaris the Syrian , was excellently skilled in the Greek Language . S●●●men ●aith , He wrote in Heroick verse the Antiquity of the Hebrews after the imitation of Homer , even to the times of King Saul after the number of the letters in 24 Volumes .

He translated also the Psalms in Heroick verse , which are yet extant .

He also imitating Menander , is said to have written Comedies , and Euripides , Tragedies , and Pindar , Lyricks . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Histor. Dial. 5.

This Apollinaris brought in a new Heresie , those which follow him are called Apollinarists , he held that Christ took the body but not the soul of a man ; but when he was urged with reasons he somewhat changed his opinion , saith Ruffinus . He lived from Constantine to the time of the elder Theodosius . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Hist. Dial. 5.

Sidonius Apollinaris a Frenchman , anno Christi ▪ 557. About 450. saith Peter du Moulin in his Antibarbarian cap. 12. He was Bishop of Cleruant in A●vernie , He married the daughter of the Emperour Avitus , by whom he had children . Moulin . ibid.

Apollonius being a Roman * * Apollonius Romanae u●bis Senator , sub Commodo Principe , à servo Severo proditus , quod Christianus esset , impetrato , ut fidei suae rationem red●eret , insigne volumen composuit , quod in Senatu legit : nihilominus tamen sententia Sena us , pro Christo , capite truncatus est . Veteri apud eos obtinente lege , absque negatione non dimitti Christianos , qui semel ad eorum judicia pertracti essent . Hieron . De Eccles. Script . Senator wrote and recited in the Senate his Apology for the Christians , and was after crowned with Martyrdom .

Apollonius Pergaeus , a great Mathematician . Vir sane in Mathematici● excellens Rami Schol. Mathem . l. 7.

Magnus Giometra , nulla ratione Archimede inferior , quam mira , quam abstrusa in suis conicis in lucem profert ? Blancani Dissertat . De Natura Mathemat .

Apollonius * * Alexandrinus fuit , cum malè audiret , patriam fugiens Rhodum concessit , ubi diutius versasatus , Rhodius quam Alexandrinus cognominari maluit . Cum esset adolescens , Argonautica scripsisse dicitur , opus quidem varium , & malti● vigiliis elucubratum , durum tamen , & alicubi ingratum , nisi qua parte Medeae amore● describit . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Hist. Dial. 3. Rhodius .

He only of the Greek Poets after Pindar wrote Argonautica , of which subject there are four Books of his .

He was Callimachus his Scholar , although Alexandria was his Countrey , yet he was called Rhodius , after he came from Alexandria to Rhode , and lived there long in great honour .

Appianus Alexandrinus .

He is called deservedly by Ios. Scalig. animad . Euseb. p. 163. Alienorum laborum fuc●s , yet is a profitable writer , because many of those whom he exscribes , are lost .

He lived in the time of Adrian , and hath written De Bello Civilli Romanorum .

Apuleius a Platonick Philosopher , anno Domini 161. In asino planè rudit In aliis sonat hominem , nisi quod florida sint ridicula , sed excusat ea inscriptio . Lud. Viv. de trad. discipl . l. 3. Apuleius non omnino malus auctor & antiquarum vocum usurp●tor . Tur●eb . Advers. l. 18. c. 14. Apuleius interdum non malus auctor , praesertim cum lasciviae ingenii non indulget , utque ludum sibi permittit . Id. ib. l. 29. c. 13.

Scriptor eruditissimus . Casaub. de Satyr ▪ poesi . a most learned writer .

There are twelve Books of his De aureo asino , ex Graco Asino Luciani descripta orationis genere tali , ut rudere verius quam loqui , ibi Apuleius viris eruditis videatur . Neand. Geog. parte 3.

Aquila a Translator of the Bible . He was converted from Judaism to the faith , Floruerunt hisce temporibus ( viz. anno Aerae Christi 142. ) Aquila Interpres Bibliorum , Suetonius Historicus , Justinus Historicus , & Galenus Medicus . Calvis . Chron. afterward being again made a Proselyte , he translated the Old Testament into Greek .

Aquila Ponticus ex Gentili Christianus , posteaque Iudaeus factus , cum Hebraicè didicisset , sub Caesare Hadriano anno 129. veteris instrumenti libros . Graecè ita transtulit , ut verbum verbo redderet . Vossius De Arte Grammatica , l. 1. c. 3.

Tho. Aquinas born at Aquinus a Town in Abruzza in Italy . Neapoli cum ad imaginem crucifixi vehementius oraret ( nunquam enim lectioni aut scriptioni absque praevia oratione operam dedit ) hanc vocem audivit , Bene scripsisti de me Thoma Angel . Roc. Biblioth. Vat.

He is the great Dictator of the Schools .

For his profound Learning and great piety , he is commonly called in the Popish School Divus Thomas , because he was canonized by Pope Iohn the 22. Doctor Angelicus ob acumen ingenii .

He was a great maintainer of the Authority of the Bishops of Rome .

Upon whose Scholastical Works by Popish Divines , are published as many Commentaries , as upon the holy Scripture , and his Summes are more frequently read in their Schools and Academies , then the Bible it self ; yet he when he was near his end , taking the Bible , is said to have uttered this speech , Credo quicquid in hoc libro scriptum est , I believe whatsoever is written in this book .

It is said , he got his knowledge rather by prayer then labour and industry , therefore he would still pray before he did write , reade or dispute .

He was so intent upon his studies , that supping at Court with Lewis the French Circa annum Domini 1260 vixit , illum inprimis Papistae ob suam quandam sanctitatem & eruditionem , venerantur & praedicant . Illyr. Catal. Test. verit . l. 16. King , whilst others were discoursing of pleasant matters , he was so deep in his Meditation , that forgetting himself , he strook the Table with his hand , saying , Iam conclusum est contra Manichae●s , Now it is concluded against the Manichees .

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones , hath these verses of Thomas Aquinas .

Cedite Pythagorae qui dogmata vana putatis ; Redditus in terris alter Aristoteles .

He was more then 1200 years after Christ , and was both overwhelmed with the corruption of his time , and wholly wedded to the See of Rome . B Bils . Differ . betw . Christ . Subject . and unchrist . Rebel . Theologorum fuit , ac Philosophorum omnium quos in hunc usque diem Scholasticorum Academia protulit , sine ulla controversia princeps : quippe qui primus omnium Latinorum Philosophorum non minus incredibili , quam felici ausu omnem Aristotelis Philosophiam Commentariis lucidissimis illustravit . Sixt. Senens . Biblioth. lib. 4. Thomas iste natus illustri genere , totum se dedit literarum studiis , & Italia relicta , Coloniam primum , deinde Lutetiam profectus , inter sui temporis viros doctos principem locum obtinuit , variis editis libellis quibus & Theologica tractat & philosophica , fuit ordinis Dominicani , discipulus Alberti Magni , mortuum Joannes XXII . pontifex retulit in numerum divorum , quinquagesimo circiter anno post , quam è vita decesserat . Sleid. Comment. De Statu Relig. & Reipub. lib. 1. Vide plura ibid. Aquinum patria Thomae Aquinatis , scholasticorum doctorum Celeberrimi , qui & Thomistarum familiam condidit , & in omni Philosophia ac Theologia innumeros libros scripsit , qui annis superioribus Romae Tomis septendecim in folio feruntur excusi esse . Neand. Geog. parte 1 2. Quo scripto ( viz. Summa totius Theologiae ) Aquinas videtur ingenium suum ad Romani pontificis praescriptum , & mandatum accommodasse . Episc. Carlet . Consens . Eccles. Cathol. contra Trid. De Gratia c. 8. Vide Gerhardi Patrologiam . p. 600. usque ad 606.

Aratus an ancient Poet , there is nothing of his but his Phoenomena which Tully translated into Latine .

Archimedes the Syracusan Mathematician . See of him Plin. Natural . Hist. l. 7. c. 37. and Plutark of Marcellus and himself .

God would have some singular Idea , as it were , to be in all Arts , which all that are studious of that Art should propound to themselves to imitate , as Demosthenes and Tully in eloquence , Hippocrates and Galen in Physick , Archimedes in the Mathematicks . He had an admirable Genius or wit for the Mathematicks , and by study he perfected it . He did so bend his thoughts that way , that he almost neglected other necessaries . If he were at any time led to the Bath by his servants , he would make figures in the ashes , and upon his anointed Ram. Schol. Mathem . l. 1. Ob deprehensum in aurea regis corona , aurificis furtum nudus è balneo prostliit , totaque urbe corporis immemor , animi memor exclamavit 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Describendis quarundam Machinarum figuris tam attentus erat inpulvere , ut tumultum captae urbis non senserit . Rami O●at . de sua professione . Sepulcro ipsius columella imposita fuit cum sphaerae figura & Cylindri , ut apud Ciceronem legere est l. 5. s●usculanarum . Quod inter opera ejus hic tractatus nobilissimus ac subtilissimus habitus esset , ideo monumento ejus insculp●a sphaerae ac Cylindri figura : ita Sophoclis tumulo veteres insculpendam curarunt Antigones vel Electiae statuam , quod in his tragediis componendis seipsum superasset ac primatum inter caeteros obtineret . Salmas . Plinian . exercitat . body .

He is said to have composed a Sphere of transparent glasse , representing unto the life the whole frame of the Heavens , wherein the Sun , Moon and Stars , with their true motions , periods , and limits were shewed to the sight , in such sort , as if it were natural .

Petrus Aretinus , He wrote so well on the Penitential Psalms , that he was called Circumfertur & liber de omnibus veneris schematibus sub ejus nomine : opus dignum quod creme●u● cum autore ▪ Boissar . d● Bibliotheca . Divine Aretine , yet he hath written very lasciviously in Italian .

He was studiosissimus morum Explorator .

Leonardus * * Felici quadam & foecundissima ingenii vi atque bonitate , eloquentiaque pollebat . Primus Graecarum literarum decus à multis saeculis barbarorum immani tyrannide proculcatum erexit , atque restituit . Ut de eo in elogiis doctorum virorum Paulus Iovius refert . Boxhorn . Monum . Illust. Vir. & Elog. Vide Volaterani Anthropol . l. 21. Aretinus , a most learned Historian , Orator and Philosopher , his works are mentioned by Boissard .

Benedictus Aretius inter suos plerisquc scriptis editis clarus Thuanus .

His three Works , viz. his Commentary upon the New Testament , his Problems or Common-places , and his Examen Theologicum made his name illustrious .

He was Professour of Divinity at Bern.

Architas Tarentinus .

He was esteemed the rarest Mathematician of his time .

Ioannes Argyropylus , a a Byzantius Peripateticorum sui temporis longe clarissimus . Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1. he was of Constantinople .

He was Politians Master in Philosophy , and a learned Scholar .

He translated some Books of Aristotles more elegantly then faithfully .

Ioannes * * Vi● sine dubio summus , omnium quoque efferri laudibus meruisset , nisi manifestae aemulationis reus ; ubique ad censenda veterum scripr● nimiam reprehendendi libidinem attulisset . Castellanus De vit. Medic. Argenterius , a learned Physitian , but too forward in censuring Galen and other of the Ancients .

Aristophanes * * Perpetuus Euripidis obtrectator , Comicus pure impurus . Herald . Animadvers . in Salmat . Observat. Ad Jus Attic. & Rom. lib. 6 ▪ cap. 10. a great Comedian .

He was the first that called himself Philologus , as Pythagoras was the first that called himself Philosophus .

Facetissimus quidem sed & obscaenissimus veteris Comaediae scriptor . Dilher . Disput. Acad.

Chrysostom laid him under his pillow .

Gregorius Ariminensis , 1386. Vir ( teste Trithemio ) tum eruditionis tum pietatis nomine percel●bris , adeo à Scholasticis dissensit , ut eos asseruerit esse Pelagianis deteriores . In doctrin● de gratia Dei & de libero hominis arbitrio rectè nobiseum sentit adversus Sophistas & Pontificios Neopelagianos . Floruit Parisiis circa annum 1350 ▪ Illyr. Catal. Test. verit . l. 18. Quo nullus ferè est in schola subtilior . Dallaus .

A learned and a famous man . He disputed about the Doctrine of Grace and Free-will , as we now , and dissented from the Sophisters and Papists , counting them new Pelagians .

CHAP. IV.

ARistotle he was born at Stagira in Macedon . He was Plato's Scholar , and Natus est anno Olympia . dis XCIX . Castellanus . Quem dubito scientiarerum , an scriptorum copia , an eloquendi suavitate , an inventionum acumine , an vari●tate operum , Clariorem putem . Quintil. Instit. orat . l. 10. c. 1. Sola regnum tenet passim Aristotlis Philosophia , ab Alexandro Magno in Graecia , à Carolo Magno , in Germania , Gallia , Italia , Hispania , Belgio , authoritatem nacta . Heereboord . Epist. Sel. ad Select . ex Philos. Disput. Ipsius Authoritas omnia Pulpita , omnes sclentiarum aditus eo aevo ( utinam non de nostro idem conqueri liceret ) adeò occupaverat , ut nefas indicarent , ab ejus placitis latum unguem discedere . Tych. Brah. De Cometa anni 1577. l. 2. c. 6. Primus Aristoteles Philosophiam , a diversis per fragmenta sparsim mutilatimque traditam , in ordinem redegit , ac velut in corpus compegit , ut qui à Poetis ac Rhetoribus orsus , ad Logicen deducit . Eras. Epist. l 28. Epist. 13. Moro. Vide plura ibid. Hic vir singularis , & propè divino p●aeditus ingenio . Rhetorices libri felicis ingenii monumenta declarant , & plenè ejus laudibus velisicantur . Et certè in Ethicis , politicis & oeconomicis , auream habet sapientiae opulentiam , manans ubique leniter sine salebris . Fuit inter aetaris suae philosophos Corypbaeus . Causin . Eloq . Sac. & human . Paralel . l. 1. c ▪ 23. Vide Ludov Viv. de caus . corrupt . Art. l. 1. & Cl. Gatakeri praeloquium ad Antoninum l. 1. the chief of the Peripateticks .

Sectam condidit omnium longè nobilissimam , quam Peripateticam vocarunt , eo quòd inter ambulandam artes commentationesque suas discipulis trad●ret . Castellanus de vitis Medicorum .

He was not only the Master and Patriark of Philosophy , Logick and Rhetorick , but also especially learned in Poetry , both in respect of the Art , and the composing of verses . Lil. Gyrald . de Poet. Hist. Dial. 3.

He was Master to Alexander the great , of whom he was much esteemed , for his sake he repaired his Countrey Stagira , being much decayed .

He alone both invented and perfected the whole Art of Logick . Vide Crakanth . Log. l. 4. c. 4. & 16.

Crakanthorpe in his Treatise De Providentia , proves , that Aristotle did not deny Gods Providence , and that the Book De mundo is his .

He is called the Philosopher by an excellency .

Richard Fitzrauf , or Fitzraf Armachanus . 1350. Episcopus & primas Hyberniae juris ac Theologiae egregie peritus scripsit contra omnes mendican●es . Vixit formè ante 200 annos . Praecipuè autem reprehendit , quod in mendicatione ( quae in validis furti genus est ) religionem collocarent . Contentio ea usque ad mortem ejus perducta est , nec unquam vel antea vel postea aut ipse damnatus est , aut Monachi absoluti . Illyr. Catal. Test. verit .

Among those famous Clerks that lived in the family of Richard Angervill Bishop of Durham in the dayes of Edward the third , Thomas Bradwardine , who was afterward Bishop of Canterbury , Richard Fitzrause afterward Archbishop of Armagh , and Robert Holcot the Dominican were of special note . Richard of Armagh my Countrey-men commonly call S. Richard of Dundalk , because he was there born and buried . B. Ush. Answ. to the Jes. Challenge , of Merits .

He wrote against the Mendicant Friers , and should have been canonized , but for them .

A man for his life and learning so memorable , as the condition of those dayes then served ; that the same dayes then as they had but few good , so had they none almost his better . He was first brought up in the University of Oxford in the study of all liberal knowledge , wherein he did exceedingly profit under Iohn Bakenthorp his Tutor . There were thirty thousand Students in Oxford in his time . Foxes Act. and Monum . Vol. 1. p. 532. to 543.

He wrote seven Books De paupertate Salvatoris , wherein he proves that Christ was not a beggar .

Iacobus Arminius .

He was a learned man , and ( as some say ) of a strict life for a Dutchman .

He hath written Disputat . 24. de diversis Christianae Religionis capitibus .

Orationes & Controversiae Theologicae .

Examen libelli Guil. Perkinsii . De Praedestinatione & amplitudine gratiae divinae analysis cap. 9. ad Romanos . De gemino sensu cap. 7. ad Romanos .

Amica cum Fr. Junio per literas habita collatio de Praedestinatione .

Arnobius lived in the year of our Lord 300.

He was the chiefest man of his time for Latine eloquence . He was Lactautius ●hetoric● prof●ssione claru● in A●rita fui● ▪ A●●●bius , circa annum Christi trec●n●esium ●rigesimum , auctore Hieronymo . Illyr. Catal. Test. verit . l. 4. his Master , both of them wrote seven very learned books against the Heathens , consisting of many of their own testimonies produced against them .

Arnoldus de Villa Nova , a Spaniard , a man famously learned , and a great writer , anno 1250. whom the Pope with his spiritualty condemned among Hereticks for holding and writing against the corrupt errours of the Popish Church . Caius ▪ de antiqu. Cantab. Acad. l. 1. saith , He lived an . Dom. 1300. when Raimundus ●ullius and Roger Bacon flourished in England .

Arianus * * Fuit Philosophus ex Nicomedia oriundus , atque Adriano ac Antonino imperantibus Romae clarus novus Xenophon cognomento indigitatus . Whea . De Meth. leg . Hist. a Greek Historian , very faithfull , he writes the things done by Alexander the Great , as Q. Curtius doth in Latine in an elegant style . He imitates Xenophon , therefore he is called another and a lesser Xenophon . He wrote well also upon Epictetus .

Arzahel a great Astronomer .

Asconius Pedianus , a famous Historian .

Roger A●●ham * * In initio regni Philippi & Marrae in●●ibus solum di●o●s , 47. diversas Epistolas ●● 47. d●vei●os principes ; quorum infimi erant Cardinales , & excogitabat ornatè , & depingebat politissimè E. G. Oratio de vita & obitu Rogeri As●hami . Ad Heuricum octavum Anglorum regem elaboratissimum opus ex variis authoribus in lingua Britannica conscripsit . De arte sagittandi Baleus De Script . Britan. Cent. 9. Secretary for the Latine to Queen Elizabeth , the only Englishman who hath written a Volume of Latine Epistles , they were published by Doctor Grant .

He was very intimate with Io. Sturmio , as the Epistles written between them shew , though he never saw him .

Two only of his Books , Toxophylus and his Schoolmaster with a little Tract of his Travels in Germany are published in English .

He flourished in the year of our Lord , 1540.

Aspasia a great Philosopher , she was the Mistresse of Pericles , and at length his Rhetorice● exe●cuit . Non igitur jam ▪ Musas , non Sybillas , non Pythias objician● vetusta nobis saecula . Non suas Pythagorei Philosophantes foeminas : non Diotimam Socratici : nec Aspasiom : sed nec poetriam illas Giaeca jactent monimenta : Telesillam : Corvinam : Sappho : Anyten : Erinnam : Praxillam : Cleobulinam : caeteras : credamusque facile Romanis jam Laelii , & Hortensii filias : & Corneliam Graccorum matrem fuisse matronas quantumlibet eloquentissimas scimus hoc profecto : scimus nec eum sexum fuisse à natura tarditat is aut hebetudinis damnatum . Polit. l. 3. Epist. Epist. 17. wife . Plut. in Pericles .

Angelus Politianus in an Epistle to Cassandra that learned Venetian maid , mentions Aspasia and many other learned women , and saith , that Sex is not naturally slow or dull . So doth Thevet Vies des hommes illustres in Sappho .

Athanasius Bishop of Alexandria . Anno ▪ Dom. 340. 366 ▪ saith Helvicus in Chron. Moritur an. 377. Cum Episcopatum Alexandrinum pace belloque gessisset annis 46. post multiplicia illa pro Ecclesia cerramina , quorum similia Episcoporum aut doctorum Ecclesiae , neminem sustinuisse unquam legimus . Geneb . Chron. l. ● .

He was worthy in honour to be immortal in the Church according to his name .

He was the wonder of all the world for his learning , piety and constancy , standing like an unshaken Rock against the Sea of Arian Errors .

He was called Haereticorum Mallens , and was one of the chiefest in the Councel of Nice .

He foretold the destruction of Iulian the Emperour , when by his Edict he was cast out of Alexandria , he said to his hearers bewailing his exile , Bono animo estote filioli nubecula est , brevi evanescet , Be of good courage my children , it is but a little Cloud , and will soon vanish away .

He lived ( say some ) six years in a Well without the light of the Sun , forsaken of friends , and every where hunted by enemies .

The Great Athanasius ; he was Great , for his learning , for his vertue , for his labour , and for his sufferings , but above all Great for his * * Te● some Learned Divines say , it w●● not Athanasius his , in being not originally Greek , but turned out of Latine , it speaks of the procession of the holy Ghost from the Father ●●d the S●r●● . Vide R. Episc. Usser . praefat. ad Symbola . Creed . B. And. Opusc. Posth . Speech in Star-Chamb against M. Trask .

Athenagoras , an Athenian Philosopher , who wrote an Apology for Christi 〈…〉 ▪ Is ser 〈…〉 caetera quidem praeclarus inconjugium iniquior est . Dall●m de Pseudepig . Apost. l. 2. c. 2.

Athena●s , He lived in the time of Marcus Antoninus the Emperour . Anno Aerae Christ . 16● . Calv. 161. Helv. Chron. 170. Bibl. Philos. Scriptor verè 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , undecunque doctissimus : & ut paucis multa complectamur , Graecorum Varro aut Plinius . Casau● . praefat. ad Animadvers . in Athen.

His Works are put out in Greek and Latine by Isaac Casaubone with learned Notes .

Ioannes Aventinus . He was born anno 1466. Se Aventinum à loco vocavit , quod ejus partia olim Aventinum diceretur . Nunquam sodalitio delectabatur , sed sibi & studiis vixit . In conversatione tamen valdè pius & affabilis , in familia ne puero onerosus erat , saepius dicebat : Homo bulla , & ●ascendo morimur . P●●●al . De viris Illust. German .

Beatus Rhenanus gratulates him to his Germany , and cals him Eruditissimum Aventinum , & variarum cognitione disciplinarum prastantem . Erasmus styles him , Hominem studio indefatigabili ac reconditae lectionis , his just Epitaph styles him , Rerum antiquarum indagat●rem sagacissimum , No man in his History can tell his Religion .

He wrote ten Books of Germany illustrated ; of which see the heads in Neander his Geog. parte 1 a a Anno Aerae Christianae 1152. Helv. Chron. Philosophus insignis , qui & ob ingenii praestantiam Commentatoris est nomine hodiéque cohonestatus . Biblioth. Hisp ▪ Tom. ● . Averroēs Philosophorum inter Arabes princeps , magni Commentatoris nomine superbus ( quem , si per Latinae linguae liceret genium , Cemmentorem aut Commentitorem verius quis dixerit , tot nobis commenta reliquit ) singula Aristotelis verba divina esse oracula , arbitratus est . Heerboord . Epist. Dedicat. ad Select in Philos. Disput. Inter Arab●s praecipui medici sunt ●vicenna , Rhazes , Averr●oēs , Avenz●ar , Mesue , Serapio , & Alsa●aravius . Qui delectantur su●a & polydaeda●a varietate remediorum , Avicennam amplectantur : Cuncta enim hujus aevi remedia ex eo manant . At Razes utilis illis , qui efficacem & contractam medicinam amant , hic centum annos medicinam fecit . Hunc Vesalius paraphrasi eleganter decoravit . Heurn . Dissert. De studio medicinae . , and the Titles in Gesners Bibliotheca .

Averroes a a Anno Aerae Christianae 1152. Helv. Chron. Philosophus insignis , qui & ob ingenii praestantiam Commentatoris est nomine hodique cohonestatus . Biblioth. Hisp ▪ Tom. ● . Averroēs Philosophorum inter Arabes princeps , magni Commentatoris nomine superbus ( quem , si per Latinae linguae liceret genium , Cemmentorem aut Commentitorem verius quis dixerit , tot nobis commenta reliquit ) singula Aristotelis verba divina esse oracula , arbitratus est . Heerboord . Epist. Dedicat. ad Select in Philos. Disput. Inter Arab●s praecipui medici sunt ●vicenna , Rhazes , Averr●oēs , Avenz●ar , Mesue , Serapio , & Alsa●aravius . Qui delectantur su●a & polydaeda●a varietate remediorum , Avicennam amplectantur : Cuncta enim hujus aevi remedia ex eo manant . At Razes utilis illis , qui efficacem & contractam medicinam amant , hic centum annos medicinam fecit . Hunc Vesalius paraphrasi eleganter decoravit . Heurn . Dissert. De studio medicinae . a Physician at Corduba in Spain , a Commentator upon Aristotle .

He flourished in that time when Gratian the Monk , Peter Lombard , and Peter Comestor flourished .

Avicenna b b De Religione suspectus est , quod de rebus ad alteram vitam spectantibus philosophicè argutandi easque aliter ac sonant verba interpretandi audaciam sibi sumpserit . Ita , si bene memini , a docto apud illos quodam cui ejus isti● de rebus sententiae mentionem injeci , responsum accepi . Pocock . Not. Miscel. ad Portam Mosis c. 7. e stirpe regia , he was also a famous Philosopher and Physician of Corduba , anno Christi 1002. Averroes and he were two famous Arabians .

Besides Physicks , he wrote a Metaphysick also , much esteemed of .

Augustine Bishop of Hippo. An. D. 43●6 . natus erat . Anno à Christo 355 Calvis . Chronol. 393. Helv Chronol. Erasmus praef. ad Tom. 7. operum August . vocat . Augustinum incomparabilem Ecclesiae doctorem & invictum propugn 〈…〉 . Solidi●●imi judicii vi● , & in fidel dogmatibus disceptandis princeps . Mo●tacut . Antidia● .

Bishop Andr. in his Opusc. Post. de Decimis cals him Decus Aphricae .

He was the most accomplished that ever writ since the dayes of the Apostles . Kellets Miscel. lib. 1. cap. 8. Dr. Field hath the like of him , De Eccles. lib. 3. cap. 32. p. 170. B. Usher also ascribes as much to him . Magnum est ejus in Ecclesia nomen . Whitak . de sacr. Script . Controv. 16. Quaest. 6. His name is great in the Church of God .

He is the most Doctrinal among the Ancient Fathers .

The Doctrine of St Augustine was approved anciently by the Catholick Church , and till this new fangled age generally and commonly allowed and embraced both by the Romanists , and by the Protestants . B. Dav. Animadvers . upon Gods Love to Mankind , p. 103.

His Works are published in magne folio in ten Tomes , purged by Erasmus .

It is pity that so great a Pillar of the Church was no better skilled in the Originals a a Nec Hebraice scribit Augustinu● & Graece minus quam mediocriter . Lod. Viv. in August . De Civit. Dei . l. 15. c. 13. Unus Aurelius Augustinus , vir tantus , retractationum libros reliquit , simpliciter ac bona fide , quem nullus est ad hoc tempus imitatus , viz. mansueto vir ingenio , & modicè de seipso sentiens . Lud. Viv. De caus . corrupt . Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1. c. 1. of the sacred Tongue .

He was famous for two of his Works especially , his ᵇ Retractations , which are the Confessions of his errours , and his Confessions , which are the Retractations of his life .

In Ludovicus Vives his time , there was none that had imitated him in such a work of Retractations .

Bellarmine hath since wrote a Book of Recognitions , wherein he makes some things worse . Vide Casaub. Epist. ad Front . Duc. p. 39.

He doth the most accurately of any handle the Controversie de Gratiâ against the Pelagians , yea and against the Papists .

He confutes the Brownists in his Book against the Donatists ; and the Socinians , in that De Utilitate Credendi .

He defended the truth against whatsoever errour prevailed in his age .

His Book de Doctrina Christiana is a good Body of Divinity .

His Books de Civitate Dei are full of humane learning .

Some most dislike , amongst Augustines interpretation of Scripture , his Exposition on the Psalms , though it be full of excellent matter .

Nunquam infelicius in Scripturis sanctis versatus , quam in Psalmorum enarratione . Smeton . ad Hamile .

He died in the 76 year of his Age.

Antonius Augustinus very skilfull in all Ecclesiastical Antiquity , History , and in Vir ad miraculum doctus , cui jus utrumque Civile & Canonicum suam puritatem & nitorem praesertim debet . the ancient Law , a great light of Spain .

Tarraconensis Archiepiscopus , vir Romanarum antiquitatum , & melioris litteraturae peritissimus . Merul. Cosmog. part. 2. l. 2.

The History of the Councell of Trent mentions him , l. 6. p. 494 , 495. Antonius Augustinus Bishop of Lerida , an Antiquary , &c.

There are several Epistles of Manutius to him , Epist. 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10. wherein he much commends him .

Divers of his Works are published , mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue , and Dr Duck De Authorit. Jur. Civil . Romanorum . l. 1. c. 7. Qui politioris literaturae ac antiquitatis rara cognitione sibi in Italia comparata , & juris Romani ac postremo Pontificii exquisita scientia meruit , ut Romae inter XII . viros litium judicandarum à Pontifice cooptaretur ; inde Alifanius primum , dein Ilerdensis in Hispania Episcopus creatus , multa in Italia dum fuit , & postea in patria ad aeternam memoriam victura monumenta edidit , sive edenda Falnio Ursino commisit . Thuan. Hist. ●om. 4. l. 84. more fully in the Oration of Andreas Schottus in Funere Ant. Augusti .

His four Books Emendationum Iuris he published when he was scarce twenty five years old . Qui libellus , si molem spectes , in speciem exiguus ; sin rerum utilitatem , ponderumque momenta , sinuosis aliorum voluminibus anteponendus . And. Scot. Orat. in fun . Ant. August .

Ioannes Auratus .

He was much respected by Charles the ninth King of France , the Regius Professour for Greek in Paris , and the chiefest Poet of his time . He was most skilfull in Latine and Greek , Ronsard Bayfius and Bellay were his Scholars .

Some of his Poems are published ,

Auratam nemo te dicat , magne Poeta , Aurea namque tibi Musa lepósque fuit . Papir . Masson .

Decius Ausonius , A French Poet of Burdeaux , as himself shews , Fuit pa●ria Burdegalensis , quae Galliarum adhuc est advitas , Christianus quidem fuit , ut ejus versibus facilè colligimus : sed petulantior tamen & lascivior , quā ut inter Christianos numerari dignus sit . Floruit imprimis Gratiano & Valentiniano Augustis imperantibus : quin & Gratiani ipsius magister fuit , à quo & consulatu & consulari dignitate ornatus est . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Histor. Dial. 10. Vide Iodoc. Sincer. It in . Galliae Append. p. 447. Anno Christi 379. Calvis . Chron.

Burdegallia est mihi natale solum , Ubi mitis est Coeli clementia .

He wrote this of himself ,

Diligo Burdegalam , Roman colo , civis in hâc sum , Consul in ambabus —

He was Master to Gratian the Emperour , by whom he was made Consul . He was very skilfull in Greek and Latine ; he wrote many things in Prose and Verse .

His saying was Beatum esse non qui habet quae cupit , sed qui non cupit , quae non habet . He is blessed not which hath the things which he desires , but who doth not desire the things which he hath not . Therefore the Aquitanes did boast of him , Quemadmodum Ausonius neminem sibi proposuit imitandum : ita Ausonium nemo nunc potest imitari . As Ausonius propounded none to himself to imitate , so no man can now imitate him . Scis quam non vulgaris eruditio sit in poematis Ausonii ▪ Ios. Scalig. N. M. in opusc .

Azo a Bononian , he brought a great light to the Laws : O dofredus and Accursius were his Scholars .

Azorius , a learned Jesuite . His Institutiones Morales are published in three Volumes . He hath gone over the ten Commandments in Case Divinity .

Mart. ab Azpilzenta , who also is commonly called Doctor Navarrus , or Navarrus . Novarrus Canonistarum facilè princeps Papae poenitentiarius . Molin . Hyperaspistes .

The honour of Navarre , a a Dr Halls Advertisement to the Reader as the end of the second Edition of his Practical Case of Conscience Resolut . Vir fuit non modò summa sanctimonia , ac pietate praeditus ; sed etiam animi dotibus , & conscientiae candore mirificè exornatus . Thomas . Illust. Vir Elog. Vide plurae ibid. Martinus ab Aspilcueta doctor Navartus dictus , quod paternum & maternum genus ex Navarra duceret , qui Salmanticae primum , dein Conimbricae per multos annos jus Pontificum magna non solum eruditionis , sed pietatis ac sinceritatis ●ama professus est , innumeris & summae authoritatis in eo genere editis monumentis ; virpraeter eas , quas laudavi in eo virtutes , constantia & fide praestans . Thuan. Hist. Tomo quarto lib. 84. Homo probus , & in casibus , quos vocant , conscientiae examinandis , de quibus & omnium peritissime scripsit , versatus . Id. ibid. Martinus ab Aspilcueta , & Dida●●● Covarruvius ambo Hispani & magni nominis Jurisconsulti . Thuan. Tom. 5. lib. 108. Martinus Azpilzenta at ninety years finished the fourth Edition of that his elaborate Manual of Cases of Conscience .

He was very dear to three of the Popes , Pius Quintus , Gregorius Decimus tertius , and Sixtus Quintus , so that they would not use any other Counsellour in iis dijudicandis , quibus conscientia constricti tenemur . Iani Nicii Erithraei Picanotheca . He had many famous Scholars , among which Didacus Covarruvias was one .

CHAP. V. B

ROger Bacon was notable and famous in his time , and in all respects comparable Insignis ille . Mathematicus , & vir , ultra , sane quam seculum luum tulerit , doctus , Rogerus Bacont●s Oxoniensis & minorita S●ld . de Diis Syris Syntag. 1 ▪ c. 2. then with the best . He was able to judge of the Latine , Greek and Hebrew Tongues , as appears by his Book De Idiomate Linguarum . B. Iewels Defence of his Apol. part. 4. c. 15. Divis.

He was a famous Mathematician , and most skilfull in other Sciences .

He was also very skilfull in the Hebrew and Greek , as the Greek and Hebrew Volumes yet extant long ago written with his own hand do abundantly witnesse . Twine Apol. Acad. Oxon. l. 3.

He hath a Manuscript , entituled Opus magnum , to shew , that all Sciences conduce to the understanding of the Scripture . Caput ex aere conflatum ab eruditissimo Rogero Bachone est in ore nostratis vulgi , sed non sine injuria in illius mathesin , quam summam & à daemonum praestigiis puram monstrant satis illius opera quotquot nos legisse contigit . Id ibid. Rogerri Bachonis in Magia , adhuc multa extant quae magna infamia Christiani nominis leguntur , & exercentur , deberent enim quam primum aboleri , ut quae nihil aliud contineant quà● daemonum cultum . Omnibus equidem haec dico communiter : Sed privatim Anglis nonnullis , à quibus scio asservari : Caetera taceo . Roh . Constant. Nomen Clat. Insig . Script . Primos adolescentiae annos Oxonii in rebus dialecticis ac Philosophicis exegit : und● ingenium per se foelix , quasi accepto à Cote novo acumine , foelicius reddidit . Accessit ei in Mathesi peritia incredibilis , sed absque Necromantia : quamvis ea à multis infametur . Baleus Script . Britan. Cent. 4. Ita diligenter in omnis generis autoribus versatus fuit , ut sui seculi unicum plane miraculum diceretur . Tanta in Mathesi ●eritia quanta ne nostra quidem tempora quantumcunque aurea & felicia consecuta sunt . Iohan. Lelandi Antiquarii Doctissimi Collectanea de viris Illust. MS. in Biblioth. Public . Oxoniens .

Sir Francis Bacon . He is called by one , the Aristotle of our Nation . His History of Henry the 7th is highly esteemed .

He cals Philosophy some where his darling , as I remember .

His learned writings shew his great parts .

Peireskius often lamented that he went not to him when he was at Paris . Gassend . de vita Peireskii . l. 6.

Iohn Baconthorpe a a Averroistarum princeps Baleus . Trithemius and others call him Bacon .

Iudocus Badius Ascensius , the most famous Philosopher , Rhetorician and Poet of his time .

Erasmus in his Ciceronian Dialogue compares him with Budaeus the ornament of Talis ille erat , in omni bonarum artium genere , qualem nec antè nec post habebat Anglia , ex omni medicantium Monachorum cumulo . Baleus De Script . Brytan . Cent. 5. Praeter hos etiam duos Bacones , alius erat , Iohannes , Rogeri frater , princeps ea aetate Theologorum , qui viginti septem libris Testamentum Novum illustravit , quem eundem esse arbitror , cujus alia erudita opera Baconthorpi● nomen adsciverunt . Wake Rex Platon . France . He hath commented upon Tullies Offices and Epistles , and Bo●thius de Consolat. Philos.

Paul Bain a judicious Divine , as his Exposition on Eph. 1. and other works shew .

Rod. b b Anglus , Episcopus Lichfeldensis & Coventrensis , vi● melior an doctior non facilè dixerim Hebraicas literas regio stipendio Lutetiae publicè docuit . Caius de Ant. Cantab. Academiae l. 1. Bainus , a Learned Englishman Professour at Paris .

Io ▪ Bale c c Antiquitatum Britannicarum diligentimssimus perscrutator . Godwinus de Conversione Britanniae ad Christianam Religionem Impotentis linguae & calami plerunque scriptor , sed in mult●● non rejectitius . Montacut . Appar . 1. Bishop of Ossory in Ireland in King Edward the sixths time , and one of the first English Preachers of Protestantism in time of King Henry .

Dr. Humfrie in his Prophesie of Rome hath these verses ,

Plurima Luterus patefecit , Platina multa : Quaedam Vergerius , cuncta Bal●us habet .

He hath written fourteen Centuries of the Englishmen that were famous in Learning and vertue .

An Apology against a rank Papist , and a brief Exposition upon the 30th Chapter of the Book of Numbers . Notes on Bonners Articles , and of Popish Votaries .

Franciscus Balduinus . He was a Lawyer at Genevah , but fell off from the Protestant Duarum maximarum scientiarum ut erat memoria propè divina , summos apices complexus est , Juris Civilis & Historiae . Dicere enim solebat & scripto edito , ut posteritas exaudire posset , professus est , Historiam cum Jurisprudentia conjungi oportere , hanc sine illa caecam videri . Auberti Miraei Elog. Belg. Ad fuit morienti , quin etiam usus erat familiariter , Joannes Maldonatus Baeticus . Soc. Jesu Theologus praestantissimus . Id. ibid. Vide Selv. Samarth . Elog. Gal. & vitam ejus in Melch. Ad. Religion to Popery . Calvin and Beza wrote against him , and he against them .

Balduinus nunquam gustavit de brodio juris nisi primoribus labris , unde meritò juris dolor non doctor habebatur . Quinimo multis vicibus appellatus est Doctor necessitatis , hoc est sine legibus : quia necessitas non habet legem . Strigilis Papirii Masson .

Paschasius hath this Epitaph of him ,

Franciscus jacet ille Balduinus , Mirum quàm varius , sub hoc sepulchro : Nam quicquid tibi proferebat aetas , Quicquid pagina sacra vel profana , Pulchrè calluit : unus inter omneis Consultissimus utriusque juris , Anceps ut patria haesitarit illum Baldum diceret , anne Balduinum .

He hath published divers books : One De Historiae cum jurisprudentia cognatione . Another De Legibus 12 Tab. Com. ad Leges de famosis libellis & de Calumniatoribus , with others .

Baldus Perusinus , a famous Lawyer ; he was the hearer and Scholer of Bartholus , Is generis splendori adjecit doctrinā excellentem in Jurisprudentiae studio ; & aliis liberalibus disciplinis : auditor enim fuit Bartholi de Saxoferrato : praeceptorique non cessit scientiarum cognitione . In Patria docuit summa cum laude & eruditorum frequentia , qui undique Perusium confluebant ad illum audiendum . Pervenit ad annum aetatis septuagesimum sextum . Sepeliti voluit amictus habitu S. Francisci , ratus id plurimum ad animae sasutem conducere . Quod etiam à Rudolpho Agricola factitatum tradunt , & ab aliis multis . Boissardi Icones . & Boxhorn . Monum . Illust. Vir. & Elogia . Vide vitam Longohi . and Master to Gregory the 11th before he was Pope .

His brother Angelus Perusinus almost equalled him both in Learning and Writings in the same Faculty .

He flourished in the year of our Lord 1346.

He wrote Commentaries upon the whole body of the Civil Law , and after that he professing the Civil Law for 47 years got a great fame .

Bernardinus Baldus Urbinas , a great Artist and Linguist .

Vir undecunque doctissimus : cujus utinam omnia lucem vidissent . Gerard. Ioan. Vos . Ars Histor. c. 9. Vide Iani Nicii Erythraei Picanothecam .

Iohn Ball a holy and learned Divine , who lived by faith , having but a small maintenance .

He was of Brasen-nose in Oxford .

His Books of Living by Faith , of the Covenant , and those against Cam , and others , shew his great Abilities .

Balsac , an eloquent Frenchman . Io. Ludovicm G●yus Balzacus , celebris ille scilicet , cui nemo non Gallicè modò , sed Latinè etiam scribentium elegantiae palmam non facilè cedat . Gassend . de Vita Peireskii ● . 6. Son stile s' accomode tellenient à la capacité de subjects si agreables , que ses maximes politiques peuuent estre pour les femmes , & ses lettres d ▪ amour pour les Philosophes . Apologie Pour M. De Balzak . Vir ingenio Comp●o & Gallicae eloquentiae laude clarus , Balzacus , sed in religione plus quam infans . Molin . praefat. ad Hyperaspist .

Theodore Balsamon Patriarch of Antiech . He and Zonaras were the chief of the Theodorus Balsamon 1180. Juris consultus & Theologus , Antiochenus postmodum Patriarcha ( sed nomine tenus , nam Latini adhuc Antiochia potiebantur ) multa scripsit . Greek Canonists .

Dominious * * Alicubi ait se in extrema senectute Ebraeam linguam didicisse , ne amplius ab haereticis rideretur . A●a●ia Paeraenes . ad Protest . de excitandis linguarum studiis . Bannes , a famous Dominican .

Gulielmus Bar●laius , William Barelay : He published these books ,

De potestate Papae in Principes Christianos .

Contra Monarchomachos .

Com. in Tit. Pandectarum de rebus credit is & de jure jura●do O●glisse●ii . Iudicium de examine cum Buchanano .

Ioannes Barclaius , a Learned French man .

There is his Paraenesis ad Sectari●s , and his Pietas .

His Argenis and Euph●rmi● .

Franciscus Barbarus Venetus , Utraque lingua eruditns : scripsit de re uxoria libellum : Patriarcha & Archl●piscopus Aquileiensis , & Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalis . Boissard . ●con . orationes quoque & Epistolas nonnullas . Volatter . Anthropol , l. 21.

Hermolaus Barbarus , Francisci ex fratre nepos , a Venetian by Nation ; one of Hermolaus ille , omnium scientiarum alumnus idem ac parens . Iul. Scalig. ad Arnoldum Petronum Orat. Anno 1494 , obierunt tria literariae reipublicae lumina , Hermolaus Barbarus Patriarcha Aquileiensis , Angelus Politianus vir eloquentissimus , Ioan. ●ic● Mira●d●la Comes , summus Philosophys Ge●●● . Chron. l. 4. Vir in divinis Scripturis studiosus & in secularibus literis eruditissimus Philosophus , rhe●or , poeta , astronomus & geometer celeberrimus , Graeci ao Latini sermonis peritissimus ingenio subtilis , eloquio disertus , vita ac conversatione devotus atque praeclarus , talis ac tantus evasit ut secundum non reliquerit . Tri●hem . de Script . Eccles. Vide P●lit . Epist. l. 12. Epist. 10. & Pier. Vater . de Lit●eratorum in felicitate l. 1. the great restorers of Learning . Gloria erat nobilitatis Venetae , & sui saculi splendor Boissard . Barbariae suo tempore victor , solidam sibi apud erudito gloriam peperit , & victurum omni aevo nomen . Salmas . Praefat. ad Plinian . Exercitat .

Ardeo cupiditate juvandi recta studia . Nullus est tam magnus labor , nullum munus in literis tam sordidum quod defugiam . Polit. Epist. l. 1. Epist. Hermolaus Barbarus Angelo Politiano . Vide Miscel. Cent. 19. c. 10.

Etenim summo loco natus : amplis opibus innutritus : egregiis honoribus perfunctus : & fastigium disciplinarum prope omnium tenes , & professores ac studiosos artium bonarum : quamvis humili fortuna plerunque sumus : ita complecteris & amas : ut aeque cunctis tuae quasi majestatis fasces ac vexilla submittas . Polit. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 12. Politianus Herm●lao Barbaro . Homo ( ●● mihi quidem videtur ) unus ex reliquiis aur●i seculi , quamvis ipse longè doctior : & non illi sanctiores . Polit. Epist. l. 2. Epist. 8. Vide l. 9. Ep. 4. Vide l. 5. Epist. 1.

Petrus Angelus Bargaeus . Exquisitae doctrinae vir , poeta summus , qui Latinam & Graecam linguam Pisis publico munere maxima sua cum laude profitetur . M●●ut . Epist. lib. 7. Epist. 21.

There are these of his works published .

Syrias . Com. de obelisco Votinum Carmen in D. Catharinam .

Petrus Baro.

Martinius in his Preface to his Hebrew Grammer makes honourable mention of him . In primis verò haec excipiet Cantabrigiensis Academia , lumen Augliae , cum aliis nominibus mihi chara , tùm quòd Petrum Baronem habet Theologia professorem , mihi jam inde ab adolescentia conjunctissimum .

Hadrianus * * Solus Barlandus , politioris literaturae armarium , multum decoris Zelandi● suae affert ; qui quantum in bonis literis possit florentissima Lovaniensium Academia tecum novit . No●iomagi Epistola de Zelandiae situ . Tersa Latinae linguae dictione histotiae , praesertim patriae , scribendae cupidus , praeter Chronologiam ab orbe condito ad annum usqué sui seculi XXXII . Brabantiae Ducum , Hollandiaeque Comitum , & ultra jectinensium Praesulum res gestas conscripsit . Sed & litteratos urbis Romae Imperatores , & Venetorum Duces , post Ant. Sabellica , cujus lectione imp●●sius delectatus , aemulum se praebuit , literis consignavit . Auber●i Miraei Elog. Belgica . Barlandus , a Learned Dutchman , who hath written severall Works .

Casparus Barlaeus .

Dubium poe●a meli●r , an Philosophus . Vo●●ius de Arte Grammat . l. 1. c. 3.

There are Poems published of his , Athenaeum , Dissertatio de b●n● Principe .

Caesar Baronius was born in Naples , he was the Popes Confessor . Misit in aev●rum perennitatem Annalium Ecclesiasticorum Tomos 12 spissum opus & opero●● sum cui gloriosè immortuus est , Tom. 12 à decessu ipsius edito . ● Nomencl . Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalium . Quis inter Pontificios celebrior author Baronio ▪ & magis factus ad Papae natum . Molin Hyperaspist . Adeo Baronius imprimis quo Monarchiae Papali consuleret , desudavit , ut in hac ma●e●ia , ● sep●uagima septem erroribus ac● maculis Scripturam , Patres , Chronologiam turpissimè saedaret . Veael . Epist Dedicat. ad Comment. de Tempore utriusque Episcopatus S. Apost. Pe●ri . Romanenses id agunt , ut pro omnibus Ecclesiasti● ar●●●●erum seriptoribus unum imperitis obtrudant Baronium . Casaub. Epist. 205. Cui in historia te●enda , iste videtur unicus esse propositu scopus , ut quaecunque fabulae faciunt ad Papismi Commodum , eas suo nomine confirmet . ●●amierus .

He hath made a long and learned Collection of Ecclesiasticall story , and digested it into a good method , and will be usefull for a distinct comprehension of Ecclesiasticall story .

But he was no Grecian , and is not much to be trusted ; for

1. He makes use sometimes of spurious authours , and gives them for faithfull witnesses . 2. He indeavours by all means to advance the Popes Supremacy .

He is the Papists great Champion for Ecclesiasticall history , as Bellarmine is for Controversies ; they esteemed him the Father of Church-story .

Alsted cals Baronius his Annals the Tower of Babel , and Bellarmines books of Controversie Goliahs sword .

Illustrissimus Cardinalis Baronius cui intima totius vetustatis penetralia tam erant cognita & familiaria , quam est mihi domus mea . Montacut . Appaerat . Vide ejus praefat. ad Apparat.

Annales suos amplius quadraginta annorum studio elucubravit . Rainold . Vide Whear . Meth. Leg. Hist. parte 2 da , Sect. 44.

Spondanus hath epitomized that Voluminous work , he follows Baronius too superfluously in asserting the Popes omnipotency , else it is well done .

Iustus Baronius .

Calvins name is so odious to the Papists , that he ran from Mentz to Rome to change his native name of Calvinus into the adoptive of Baronius . B● M●rt . Epist. Dedicat. to his Appeal .

Robertus Baronius , a Learned Scotchman , as his Works * * Philosophia Theologiae anci●lans Disputatio Theologica de formali objecto fidei . Apologia pro disputatione de formali ob●ecto fidei . Disputatio Theologica de peccata Mortali & Veniali cui Annexa est Appendix de possibilitate implendi legem Metaphysicas . Generalis . shew .

Arthur Iohnston hath these verses of William Forbes and Robert Baronius , Divines of Aberdene .

Nil , quod Forbesio , Christi dum pascit ovile Nil , quod Baronio comparet orbis habet . Eloquio sunt ambo pares , discrimen in uno est , Quo lubet , hic mentes pellicit , ille rapit .

Gul. Sallustius Bartassius , an excellent French Poet. Ille Poetarum Gallicorum Perillustre inter hujus saeculi Poetas nomen me●uit , proximumque à Ronsardo nostro locum tehere à multis existimatur . ●tylum ejus tanquam nimis crebrò figuratum , tumidum & vasconciè ampullatum , Critici quidam r●prehendunt . Ego qui hominis Candorem novi , & familiariter cum eo saepius collocutus sum , possum testari nihil simile in ejus moribus deprehendisse . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. Vide Scaev. Samar . Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. p. 109. Coryphaeus Sallustius , Bar●hasii Dominus , Gaius poemata apud exteros etiam in laude sunt . Waseri Comment. ad Mithrid , Gesneri . He is translated into many languages . He may be read in Latine , French , Italian , Dutch , English .

Pasquier Recherches de la France , l. 7. c. 11. shews that the French Poets imitating the Latine , have often equalled , and sometimes exceeded them . He instanceth in the description of the old Chaos by Ovid , and compares with it that of Du Bartas , and in some verses of Virgils and Rousards : Although ( saith he ) some would blame du Bartas his style as too swelling , yet his work hath been very well liked , not only for the worthy subject which he praiseth , but also for his learning , fine Discourses , pithy strains , and proper deductions which accompany it .

Antoi●e du Verdier in his Bibliotheque much commends him .

Gasp. Barthius , immortale Germaniae ornamentum , Dilh. Dispat . Acad.

He hath written Commentationem de Lat. Linguae Scriptoribus , and Adversariorum Com. l. 60.

Clarissimum illud Germaniae lumen Barthius incomparabili Adversariorum opere . Dilh. Disput. Acad. Tom. 2.

Bartolus de Saxoferrato was born in the year of our Lord 1303. some say Obiit celebris ille jurisconsultus Bartholus de Saxoferrato , Mathematum & Hebtaicarum quoque literarum peritus . Geneb . Chron. Pisis interdum & Perusii magna auditorum frequentia & laude docuit jus civile , ejus autoritas magna erat per totam Italiam propter soliditatem consiliorum quibus res principum adjuvabat . Boxhorn . Monum . Illust. Viror . & Elog. 1309.

Being but 21 years of age , he proceeded Doctor of the Civil Law with the applause of all , saith Pasquier Recherch . de la France , l. 8. c. 14.

In jure primas , comparatus caeteris , Partes habebit Bartolus , Alciat● .

He had a Coat of Armour given to him by the Emperour Carolus Quartus , of Carolus quartus Leonem illi dedit rubrum , duabus instructum caudis , in campo sive aequore aureo constitutum , quod quidem deinceps ad Bartoli posteros diffundebatur . Fra●si . l. 2. De Armis . Vide plura ibid. whose prime Councels he was , and is the first of Gown-men whom we shall readily finde ( as I beleeve ) that had honour done unto him in that kinde , which was but in the year of our Lord God , 1347. The Elements of Armories c. 24.

Basilius Magnus , Anno Dom. 370. whose Greek Epistles , and very many Praestantissi . mus est in libris omnibus . Pura enim dictione significante , propria , & omnino civili ac panegyrica , siquis alius uti novit : sensuque ordine ac puritate primus , & nemini secundus apparet . Photii Biblioth. p. 318. Divus Basilius vir optimo jure dictus Magnus , sed Maximi cognomine dignior . Simulac contigit audire Christianum Demostbenem imò caelestem oratorem sua lingua loquentem , sic animum meum totum perculit , inflammavit que verè flexamima divinitus afflati Praesulis eloquentia ut mihi nihil prius curandum duxerim quam ut inaestimabilis hic thesaurus in utilitatem typis evulgaretur . Eras. Epist. lib. 28. Epist. 7. Iacobo Sadoleto Vide totam Epistolam , & lib. 26. Epist. 33. Greek books are published in one Volume .

Quem nulla unquam aut sententia aut verbo errasse communis Graecorum patrum consensus affirmat . Sixt. Senens . Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4.

He was brother to Gregory Nyssene , and a most familiar friend ( saith Sixtus Senensis loco citato ) to Gregory Nazianzene , and Iohn Chrysostom .

But he was afore Chrysostom . He was called Basil the great for his admirable wit , as Gregory Nazianzene for his excellent knowledge in the Scriptures was termed the Divine .

His Hexameron is very much esteemed , followed so much by Ambrose . He was honoured by the Ancients with this Elogium 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 .

He was the light of the Greek Church , whom the Hereticks could never shake ; yea at whose vertue the hand of the Arian Emperour did shake , when he would have subscribed to his banishment , and that in such sort that he left off his purpose utterly .

Basilius Bishop of Sileucia .

He lived about the year 360 , saith Pezel . Refutat . Catech. Iesuit . 361. Helv. Hic potiùs Basilius , quam Magnus ille Caesareae Episcopus videtur . Beatissimi Chrysostomi amicus ille , & Contubernalis fuisse , ad quem etiam librum de Sacerdotio scriptum miserit . Photii Biblioth. p. 378. Chron. 460. B. Ush. Catal.

Dominicus Baudius , an elegant Poet.

Amicus noster dum viveret , & quando Dordrechtum diverteret hospes suavissimus , Dominicus Baudius , poeta item elegantissimus & disertissimus . Voss. De Analog . l. 1. c. 42.

Bernardus Bauhusius made a book in praise of the Virgin Mary , by changing Protheum Par●heni , cum unius versus librum stellarum numero sive formis 1022. variatum . Swertii Athenae Belgicae . Valeri Andreae Bibliotheca Belgica . one verse a thousand twenty two waies , according to the number of the Starres .

Unius Libri versus , unius versus Liber is the title of it .

Tot tibi sunt dotes virgo quot sydera caelo .

Martinus Becanus , a Learned Jesuite . Some much commend his Theologia Scholastica . Quem unum omnibus Epitomis & introductionibus praeferendum puto ab iis qui solida perspicua & mediocriter compendiosa quaerunt . Voet. Biblioth. Studios . Theol. l. 2.

Christ . * * Libri de lingua Latina elegantissimi ac multiplici doctrina refertissimi . Casaub. Epist. ad eum . Excellentissimus vir , Christianus Beckmannus libro suo de Originibus Linguae Latinae eruditissimo . Crines . Discursus de Confus . Ling. c. 9. Beckmannus , a Learned Linguist .

CHAP. VI.

BEda was an English man , born not farre from Dyrrham : He was the He flourished Anno Dom. 730. Beda Venerabilis ob vitae modestiam nuncupatus . Fuit in Gentilium libris tam plenè exercitatus , ut eo seculo vix parem habuerit . Si Augustini , Hieronymi aut Chrysostomi temporibus claruisset , non dubito quin potuisset de puritate cum ipsis contendere quòd inter tot superstitionum praestigias tam castos ediderit faetus . Balaeus descript. Brit. Cent. 2da. Vir moderato sermone suae gentis res gestas conscribens cui sanè ob id plurimum debet posteritas , quod plurima scitu dignissima literarum monumentis tradiderit , quorum memoria ( si non retulisset ) oblivionis nube tegeretur . Brit. Antiquitates . Learnedest man of his time , skillfull in Divine and Secular Learning .

Of his rare learning and knowledge his Writings yet extant are a clear and sufficient testimony . He was so great a follower of St Augustine ( the worthiest Pillar of the Church since the Apostles time , as some hoid ) that his Commentaries upon the Scripture , both of Old and New Testament , are almost word for word out of St Augustine .

He was a continuall Preacher , as his Homilies do testifie .

He was usually called Venerable Bede , but why , the Monks usque ad ineptias certant , as Lilius Gyraldus saith , De Poet. Hist. Dial. 5. Some of the reasons given for that title are ridiculous . One saith , Pietate & eruditione venerabilis cognomen adeptus est . He was called Venerable for his Piety and Learning . Others say he was called Venerable , because that was the title of Presbyter , and his Homilies were read in his life time , and they calling him then not Saint but Venerable , so called him after his death . Vide Trithem . de Script . Eccles.

Sedulius is likewise styled Venerabilis .

Beda's Works were printed in three Tomes at Paris , An. 1545. and in eight Tomes at Basil , Anno Domini 1563. in Folio , containing four great Volumes .

In omni disciplinarum genere , Graecae etiam atque Latinae linguae gnarus excelluit : Poeta , licet mediocris , Rhetor , Historicus , Astronomus , Arithmeticus , Cosmographus , Philosophus , Theologus , ita eo tempore mirabilis , ut in proverbium apud ejus seculi doctores abierit , Hominem in extremo orbis angulo natum , universum orbem suo ingenio perstrinxisse . Possev . Apparat. Sac. Tomo 1o .

Coringius in his 3d d Dissertat . de Antiq. Acad. saith it is observable , Sexto septimo atque octavo seculo neminem fere per Italiam , Galliam , Britanniam , Hispaniam ( uno verbo ) in occidentalis Ecclesiae toto orbe , nomen aliquod scripto libro invenisse , qui non in Monasterio educatus sit atque institutus . Qui inter Britannicos Monachos eminet Beda , idem omnium illius tempestatis per occidentem universum fuit doctissimus . Nos ipsi Germani prima Christianae doctrinae exordia illis caenobitis debemus . Imo debemus illis initia omnis culturae melioris , atque eruditionis : sicut & Angli ipsi ac Scoti à Monachis Romanis eam antehac acceperant .

William Bedwell : He was skilfull in the Orientall Tongues . Vir singulari doctrina , Linguarum item Orientalium Callentissimus V. Cl. G. Bedwellus . Seld. de Dis Syris Syntag. 2. c. 4.

He hath put out the Catholick Epistle of Iohn in Arabick with a Preface to it .

William Bedle , a very Learned Bishop of Ireland , but an English man , and Gulielmus Bedellus . See a Commendation of him in Sir Henry Wottons Letters . William Biddulph hath written a book of his own Travels . Chaplain to Sir Henry Wotton at Venice .

He hath put into Latine Tr. de Inter dicto Pauli 5 ti Ital.

Rob. Bellarmine was born in Politian , Anno Dom. 1542. Natione Italus , scripsit de Controversiis Christianae fidei adversus sui temporis Haereticos . Cardinalis Perronius pluris asserit à se illud fieri , quam ullum opus aliud quod vel ab annis mille sit editum pro Ecclesiae defensione . Cardinalis Baronius censet esse propugnaculum & Turrim David , ex qua mille Clypei pendent , & omnis armatura fortium . In Angliae Academiae Cantabrigiensi primùm mox etiam in Oxoniensi nova praelectio instituta est , ad Controversias Bellarmini , si possent , resellendas Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societat . Jesu à Philippo Alegambe edita Vir erat admirandae industriae , doctrinae , lectionis stupendae Bellarminis : quo ut primus , ita solus immanem illam molem & imm●nsum chaos Controversiarum , stupenda ingenii dexteri faelicitate , artificio singulari excoluit , inordinem redegit confusum prius : accurata diligentia & multorum annorum studio eleganter expolivit : praeripuit ille palmam secuturis omnibus & sibi desponsam vel destinatam cuicunque laudem abstulis . Nam ab illo qui tractant hodie Controversias , ut ab Homero Poetae , sua ferè omnia mutuantur . Montac . praefat. ad Apparatum .

He and Tolet , and of late Lugo only were made Cardinals of the Jesuites .

Mutius Vitelliscus perswading Bellarmine to write his own life ( as Fuligat reports ) at last prevailed with him : He hath this passage there , De virtutibus suis nihil dixit , quia nescit , an ullam verè habeat : De vitiis tacuit , quia non sunt digna quae scribantur , & utinam de libro Dei deleta inveniantur in die Iuaicii .

Possevine in his Biblioth. Select . tomo 1o l. 7. c. 4. saith of his four Tomes of Controversies , Opus absolutissimum , quòd Controversiarum fermè omnium corpus dici queat .

Gretser in his Preface to his Defence of Bellarmines Controversies also highly magnifies him .

Cardinall D' Ossat in his fifth book of French Letters saith thus of him , Est celuy qui a faict cet oeuure incomparable des Controverses pour la Religion Catholique , contre toutes les heresies qui sont auiourd'huyr & qui ont estè au temps passè ; & nostre sainct Pere le faisant Cardinal a voulu honorer tant la vertu , & doctrine , & labeur de ce personnage , que le College des Cardinaux . It is he which hath made this Incomparable work of Controversies for the Catholick Religion , against all the heresies of this day and of times past ; and our holy Father in making him Cardinal , would herein honour , both the Vertue , Learning , and Labour of this Person , and the Colledge of Cardinals . Vide vitam Bellarmini à Fuligattio scriptam , l. 2. c. 6.

Robertus Bellarminus è sodalitio Iesuitico , opere de Religionis Controversiis cumprimis clarus , Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 12.

Robertus Bellarminus Cardinalis summo vir in Controversiis discutiendis acumine praeditus , & tot polemicis scriptis editis Clarus Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. part. 2. l. 3. Vide Jani . Nicii Eryth . Pinacoth .

Fuligate in the 7th book 3d d ch. speaking of his death , saith , He was called Fui● in dictis suis , vel ab infantiâ , tam verax , ut non meminerit sibi excidisse mendacium , aut excusationibus , & ineptiis unquam se veritati latebras obtendisse . Fuligattus in ejus vita . lib. 1. cap. 2. Pater pauperum for his great liberality to the poor . He gave them the third part of his yearly revenew . Ante omnia illud affirmare sit , annui proventus ipsius partem ferè tertiam erogari solitam quotannis in pauperes , Fuligattus in ejus vita . l. 4. c. 3.

He saith thus in his Will , Primum igitur spiritum meum in manus Dei commendatum toto corde exopto , cui ab adolescentiâ servire desideravi : & precor , ut me inter Sanctos & Electos suos non aestimator meriti , sed veniae largitor admittat .

The only Champion that ever Rome had for eluding evident authorities of Scripture . Dr Iackson on the Creed , Vol. 1. l. 2. c. 14.

He sometimes sold some of his goods at home , that he might give almes . Demum quadam die proprium atramentarium argenteolum , ut ditaret inopes , inter pignora obligavit . Fuligattus in ejus vita , l. 7. c. 1.

William Bellaye . A man of much honour and vertue , and an especiall ornament Bellaii tres Fratres omni virtute Cumulatissimi ; Gulielmus natu maximus , tam marti quam Mercurio , historiam de rebus Gallicis ab ipsa imperii origine ad sua usque tempora tum Latinè tum Gallicè gravissimo stylo persecutus est . Martianus frater junior . Ioannes edidit Carminum tres libros , in quibus non ingenii solum & doctrinae , sed generosi etiam animi signa non obscura elucent . Scaev. Samarth . Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. Joachim Bellay is commended by Antoine Du Verdier for a famous Poet , and his French Works are mentioned by him in his Bibliotheque . of the French Nobility , by reason of his notable Learning , Eloquence , Experience , and singular Aptness in all affairs .

Qui cùm omnium optimarum artium doctrina , summaque ingenii laude praestaret , tamen in libello de Galliae & Franciae antiquitatibus , non Franco gallicae historiae , sed Amadisicarum fabularum instituisse tractationem videtur ▪ Hotomani Franco Gallia c. 4.

Francois de Belleforest , a Learned French Historian .

His Works are mentioned by Antoine Du Verdier in his Bibliotheque .

Petrus * * Vir magnus & cui multum studiosi omnes debent . C●saub . in Athen. Bellonius .

He hath published Observations , and other Works .

Peter Bembus , Vir sapientissimus , doctissimus , ac eloquentissimus , quod docent tùm Metetanus and Strada have written the Belgick History . Chromerus the History of the Polonians , Petrus Bembus of the Venetians . Illustri dignitate & fama vir fuit : quam tamen Historia sua Veneta apud me non auxit . Jacet in narrationibus vel friget in verbis affectinuculas habet materie aut viro serio parum dignas . Nulla vox nisi ex Tulliano aut Juliano penu : & quae sic dici non possunt ( quippe nova vel iis ignota ) miro verborum ambitu comprehendit . Ipsa etiam tota scriptio & formulae sic compositae , quasi haec omnia Romae gosta , & republica illustrante . Sunt in quibus indigner , & cum tam curiosè à verbis sibi caverit , reperio alibi , quae non dicam Tulliana non sunt , sed vix Latina . Lips. not . ad 1. Lib. Polit. Stilus est quem reprehendo in Bembi historia , supinus , languidus , & affectata imitatiuncul● fractus , Universa scriptio composita & formata ad aevum priscum , & omnia sic de re Veneta quasi de potenti illa re Romana . Lips Epist. Cent. 2. Epist. 57. Jano Dousae . Emendata locutione cui de mortua quaedam & obsoleta vocabula revocasset & aliqua Italis auribus nova sol●r●er effinxi●●et , scripsit . Nomenclat . Sanct. Rom. Eccles. Card. Epistolae ejus , tùm caetera scripta cruditae . Neand. Geog. parte prima .

He hath written a book of Epistles , and twelve books of the Venetian Histories , Is Ciceronianae eloquentiae sedulus admirator , & imirator extitit , & Historicus suo tempore nulli secundus , antiquis certè conferendas . Boissardi Icon. a book de imitatione sermonis , and Poems .

Beza hath this Epigram upon his history of Venice :

Clara urbi Venetum debes natalia Bembe : Urbs eadem clara est munere , Bembe , tuo . Tu patria foelix , foelix te patria Cive , Bembe tamen debet patria plura tibi . Nam mortale fuit patria quod munus habebat : At , quam das patriae , vita perennis erit .

He was a Venetian , and a Cardinall : his Life is written by Iohannes Casa . His style is disliked by Lipsius and others .

It is no marvell if Lipsius disliked his style , it being nothing like his own , but he was a great Ciceronian , as also was Sadoletus the Cardinall his great friend , and above them both , he who was familiar with them both , Longolius .

Peter Bembus is reported to have said ( witnesse George Fabricius and Alexander of Hales in his Commentary upon the 2 d of Tim. ) Semel legi Biblia , Quod si iterum mihi essent legenda , perderem omnem Latinitatem .

He and Sadoletus were made Cardinals by Pope Paul the 3d. Vide Bembi Epist. Fam. l. 6. Epist. 3.

Boxhorn Monum . Illust. vir . & Elog. in Sadoletus saith these four Cardinals Learned and good men , Pet. Bembus , Iacobus Sadoletus , Caspar Contarenus , and Campegius properata morte feruntur ●ccubuisse , are reported to had died an untimely death , many are ignorant of the cause , unlesse peradventure ( saith he ) they were thought to have some familiarity with those which differ from the Roman Religion . The same hath Boissard in his Bibliotheca or Icones .

Vide Sadolet . Epist. l. 2. Pet. Bembo . Petrus Bembus , quem orbis terrarum Cantat : nec injuria : vixit enim , quantus ei vitae Cursus fuit , in virtute totus : is cum alias coluit Philosophiae partes , tum verò poeticam artem amavit more quodam ardentissimo , ejusque studium à prima pueritia amplexus , nunquam ne in extrema quidem senectute dimisit . Scripsit autem versus in omni aetate multos , & scripsit omnium elegantissime , sic ut Apollo dictasse videatur . Manut. Praefat. ad Torquatum Bembum Petri Filium . In Virgilium .

R. Benjamin a famous Jewish Geographer . Benjamin Judaeus , Hebraeus , Hispanus , itinerarium suum Hebraicè descripsit , editum superioribus annis à Benedicto Aria Montano Hispalensi , in quo res memorabiles totum ferè terrarum orbem emensus notatis itineribus , quas vel ipse vidit , vel à fide dignis suae aetatis hominibus accepit , breviter atque dilucide , ac sic descripsit , ut appareat neminem unquam ex Graecis aut Latinis Geographis extitisse , qui continuato labore & studio tantum itineris inierit & confecerit , totum fere orbem peregrinando emensus , p●aeter solas recen● nunc repertas occiduas Oceani provincias , quas Americam sive novum orbem dicimus . Neand. Geog.

His Hebrew Itinerary is published cum versione & notis Constantini L'Empereur . Vide ejus Epist. Dedicat.

He was a Spaniard , and died in the year a nato Christo 1173 , in that very year , wherein he returned from his voyage .

Antonius Benivenius . He is often quoted by Learned Physitians , without any exception .

He hath written de morborum mirandis , &c. a book for the bignesse as full of choise observations , as any I have seen , Dr Casaub. of Enthus . ch. 3.

Paulus Benius , homo Italus , & ( quod nemo non miretur ) in Gymnasio nostro eloquentiae Interpres , qui Patavii Patavinum ( sc. Livium ) aggressus est conviciis proscindere , silentibus omnino civibus nostris , & strenuè condonantibus actionem injuriarum , quam illi intendere debuerant . Pign . Symbol . Epist. Ep. 44.

Berengarius a Frenchman . He was Deacon of Aniou , and the first that was 1050. Tempore Leonis Noni , circa 1049. Berengarius vir pietate & eruditione Clarus Andegavensis Ecclesiae diaconus , quum videret Pontificios doctores quam plurimos ingenti fastu transubstantiationis fundamenta sternere , quòd mentem Augustini & aliorum veterum non intelligerent , sed Sacramentales & hyperbolicas nonnullas locutiones ad novum sensum inducendum detorquerent , veram sententiam ex orthodoxo consensu repetitam his corruptelis opposuit , & verbo Dei testimoniisque veterum I heologorum refellere conatus est , scriptis etiam & evulgatis libris , ut pii in vera doctrina confirmarentur . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 12. counted an heretique for denying of Transubstantiation , and troubled for the same .

When he had professed the truth of the Sacrament , and had stood in the open confession thereof , according to the ancient verity of the Church before , he was so handled with certain malignant and superstitious Monks , that partly by evil intreaty , and partly for fear of death ( such is the weak frailty of man ) he began to shrink , and afterward did indeed recant the truth . Foxes Act. and Monum . Tom. 2. p. 456 , 457 , 458. Vide Matth. Paris . Hist. Angl. p. 16 , & 17.

Theuet vies des hommes Illustres , l. 3. saith thus : l'ay un fort long temps demeuré douteux , si en ce mien liure des Illustres personnages , ie deuoie faire mention d'vn certain Berengier , le nom , duquel ( a mon grand regret . ) nest que assez cogneu , pour la nouvelle opinion qu'il tascha de mettre sus contre la realitè du sacrement Eucharistique . D'vne part me retiroit la memoire odieuse d'vn tel homme , & d' antre costé sa publique confession , retractation , & louable penitence , effacans les playes chancrenses de son offence , quil a de cueur et de faict exhibees , me provoquent à n' espargner vn fuellet , pourlu faire place , et ce d' autant plus volontiers , qu' il pourra seruir de mirouer et exemple à plusie urs desuoyez .

Bernard was Abbot of Claravon in the year 1108. of whom sprang the Bernardine 1130. Utinam tales Papistas multos , imo vel unum talem hodie haberemus in toto regno Pontificio , qualem Bernardum , suisse constat . Ita sane , ita solide disputat ille de summis fidei Capitibus , de Scripturis , de Ecclesia , de hominis miseria , de gratuita justificatione , de gratia , de nova obedientia , cum Catholica Ecclesia contra Tridentinas fabulas , ut nihil solidius quaeri possit . Num ergo Papista fuerat , qui contra Jesuitas , contra Tridentinos , in maximis fidei articulis Ecclesiam Catholicam & Patrum consensum sequitur ? Dicam apertè quod res est . Bernardus Romani Pontificis jurisdictionem longe supra omnes superiores Patres ex●ulit . Atque hinc est , quod Papista vocetur à Bellarmino . Nam Cyprianus , Augustinus , Ambrosius , aliique superiores Romani Pontificis jurisdictionem cohibu●runt . Bernardus autem incidit in fatalia illa tempora , ultra annum millesimum , Satana jam soluto . Itaque quod cohibere non potuit , tulit ut potuit . Nam post annum millesimum multi vi●i sancti Romani Pontificis jurisdictionem in spiritualibus , quum cohibere non possent , patienter tulerint . Episc. Garlet . Consens . Eccles. Cathol. contra Trident. l. 6. Monks .

He continued with the Papists , and tels the Pope his own .

Recentissimus est , vixitque post confirmatam Episcopi Romanui tyrannidem . Cham. de Oecumen . Pontif.

From erring Bernard that frequent Proverb of Writers erring drew its originall . Bernardus non vidit omnia . Neither is it a wonder , when he flourished in the darkest midnight as it were of Popery . Vir dignissimus meliori aevo , qui vel in tantis tenebris veritatis lucem salutarem aspexit , vicesque suas saepe deplorabat . Mortoni causa Regia , c. 3. Sect. 7.

His book de gratia & libero arbitrio is much commended by * * Hist. Pelag. l. 1. c. 21. Vossius . Qui praeconio nostro ( saith he ) non indiget , cum in deliciis esse omnibus soleat , qui Catholicam sententiam sequunt●r .

Philippus Beroaldus . He was a Bononian , most skilfull in Latine and Greek , the Prince of the Grammarians and all the Orators of his age . Philippus Beroaldus junior longe melior poeta quam Philippus Beroaldus senior , qui & ipse versus scribit , qui & passim leguntur , sed de hoc nihil sanè nisi miram hominis facilitatem pene ingenio & judicio destituram a●●erre possum . At junior Beroaldus promptam ac paratam habet ubique facultatem : Sed Lyric●s ille magis quam alio scribendi genere delectatur , ex quibus & laudem assequitur tametsi in his interdum & sibi nonnihil indulgere videatur . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Nost. Temp. Dial. 1. Vide Paul . Iov . Elog. Doctorum Vir●rum .

He bath left many excellent Monuments of his Learning . Vide Bembi l. 4. Epist. Fam. Philippo Beroaldo minori . p. 132.

Two Beroaldi Philippi flourished in Italy , and both lived in the same age , both Learned and Bononians .

Matthaeus Beroaldus , an excellent Hebrician .

Vir doctus , & quod familiam ducit , pius . Jos. Scal. Epist. l. 3. Ep. 229. yet he saith he would not pollute his Library with his Chronology . Diu est , postquam illius Chronologiam legi , qua bibliothecam meam pollui nollem . Scal. Elench. Orat. Chronol. Parei .

Cujus utinam Chronologia tam proba esset , quam vita ejus fuit . Id. Elench. Orat. 1. Chronol. Parei .

Bertramus , so he is commonly called , or Ratrannus , Anno Dom. 876 , Helv. Chron. 841. a Learned man of that time , who lived in the Monastery of Corbey , Rathtamnus ( qui vulgò Bertramus Doctor ) Monachus Corbeiensis , ut patet ex Flodoardo historiae Remensis . c. 15. Extat Bertrami presbyteri liber jussu Caroli Calvi scripta , anno 840. quo autor quaestionem tractat . An corpus Christi ore , an verò sacramentaliter comedatur . Ad quam respondet : Panem & vinum esse siguram corporis & sanguinis Christi , quae sit repraesentatio illius panis de quo Christus in Evangelio : Ego sum panis qui de caelo descendit . Et ubi etiam haec verba extant : Positis sanctarum scripturarum testimoniis , & sanctorum Patrum dictis , evidentissi●e demonstratum est , quòd panis , q●i corpus Christi & calix qui sanguis Christi appellatur , figura ●it , quia mysterium . Pezel . Mellefic . Histor. parte 3 ●ia . Vide Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l 10. Vir in divinis ●cripturis eruditus , & inter doctores sui temporis famo●issimus , ingenio praestans & clarus eloquio , declamator quoque sermonum egregius . Tri●●em . Catal. Illust Vir. whereof Paschasius Raebertus was Abbot .

He joyned with Rabanus in refuting the errour of the carnall presence , at the first bringing in thereof by Paschasius Rabertus . The book which he wrote de Corpore & Sanguine Christi to Carolus Calvus the Emperour , was forbidden to be read , by order from the Roman Inquisition , confirmed afterward by the Councell of Trent . The Divines of Doway perceiving that the forbidding of that book did not keep men from reading it , but gave them rather occasion to seek more earnestly after it , thought it better policy that Bertram should be permitted to go abroad , but handled in such sort , as other ancient Writers that made against them were wont to be . B. Ush. Answ. to the Jes. Challenge , p. 18 , 19.

He speaks of him also in his Goteschalcus , c. 11. p. 175 , 176. and mentions there another book of Bertrams , de Nativitate Christi , in which he defends the same doctrine which he delivered in his book de Corpore & Sanguine Domini .

Bish. Ridley Praefat. ad Coenam Domini hath a great commendation of this Bertram .

Bonaventure Cornelius Bertram , a famous Hebrician , and very skilfull in the Limatissimus Scriptor . Dilher . Disput. Acad. Tom. 2. Grammatica Hebraica comparatio Grammaticae Hebraicae atque Aramicae , De Politia Judaica . Lucubrat . Franktallens . Bonaventura Bertramus , vir Judaicarum antiquitatum callentissimus . Rivetus . Solus hic Libellus authoris dotes satis superque exaggerat ; uti & ●ucubrationes Franktall . L'Empereur praefat. ad Librum ejus De Republica Ebraeorum . Jewish Antiquities , as his Works shew . He had the chiefest part in the French Version of the Bible . He put forth Pagnines Thesaurus of the Hebrew Tongue , with the Observations of Mercer , Rodolphus Cevallerius , and his own . His Works are , Commentarius de Politia Iudaica ex omnibus ejus operibus maximè commendatur . Thuanus Hist. Tom. 5. l. 109. Vide plura ibid.

CHAP. VII .

BEssarion , a Grecian and Monk of St Basil made Cardinal for his Learning Bessario natione Graecus , patria Trapezuntinus , Patriarch à Constantinopolitanus . Primus omnium ex Graecis fuit , qui communibus patrum suffragiis , cum Isidoro , in Senatum Cardinalitium electus est . by Eugenius the fourth , his house was the shop of liberal Arts , whilst he lived , he especially honoured Plato , in defence of whom he put out Commentaries against Trapezuntius .

He and Chrysoloras , and Trapezuntius , and Argyropilus brought Greek and pure Latine into Europe .

He gave his Library to Venice , Venetiis Bibliothecam libris Graecis & Latinis instructissimam exexit , quos ex Graecia in Italiam multis impensis emptos transportari curavit . Boiss . Icon.

He wrote many learned Works , which are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

Bessarion Cardinalis Nicaenus , ea fuit morum gravitate , & doctrinarum cultura , ut nemo eo Christiana probitate spectatior , Paulo Jovio teste , nemo fuerit doctrina admirabilior . Is Cornelium Tacitum in delitiis habuit , scriptorem civilis prudentiae Mortuus est Ravennae ex legatione Gallica rediens . Anno aetatis LXXVII . Anno Domini M. CCCC . LXXIII . Boissardi Icones & B●xhorn . Monum . Illust. vir . & Elog. Extat Venetiis publica Reipublicae Bibliotheca insignis , tam Graecis , quam Latinis libris instructissima , quam instituit Bessarion Nicaenus , vir apprimè eruditus & clarissimus , S. R. E. Cardinalis , & Patriar●ha Constantinopolitanus . Hanc nobilem & copiosam Bibliothecam Bessarion eidem Reipublicae dono dedit , ut ipsemet restatur in quadam Epistola Italice conscripta , quam videre est inter litteras , quae dicuntur Principum . Biblioth. Ang. Roc. Append. Vatic . magistrum , & quod non minima laus est , Livio nostro in hac etiam parte proximum . Pignor. Symb. Epistol. Epist. 21.

Xystus Betuleius a Learned Writer . Immensi laboris , studii atque lectionis vir , de quo testari possunt Commentarii ejus eruditi & luculenti in Lacta●tii opera Neand. Geog. part. 1.

Theodore Beza , Anno mundi 5661.

His translation of the New Testament , and his accurate Notes upon it have Venerandus senex , Theodorus Beza , cum per longinquitatem aetaris factus sit ob . liviosus adeo , ut post frequentes de novo Rege Angliae sermones subinde me rogaret de Regina an verum esset quod fama jactaret illam satis concessisse : idem tamen in literis visus nobis esse quem ante annos xx . noveramus . Loquitur Latine , interdum & Graece , ut antea audivimus de Historia veteri differentem è re nata ●uculentissime : ut videretur recens esse à lectione Scaligeri , Plutar●bi , & id genus autorum . Casaub. Epist. 463. Vir admodùm celebris , & non solùm Genere , sed & Doctrina imprimis Nobilis , deque Literis tam Sacris , quam Philosophicis ( si quis alius hoc aevo ) praeclarè meritus . Tych. Brahe De nova Stella l. 1. pars secunda c. 3. made him famous . Beza edidit Psalterium suum jucundum opus & utile . Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Danaeus Zanchio .

His French Psaltery was so well liked , that it was well translated into the Germane , Bohemian , English , Scottish , and many Languages , and all the Orthodox Churches use it , and much esteem it .

He lived 86 years , and towards his later end began to forget what he had spoken . He would ( saith Thuanus ) repeat whole Psalms in Hebrew , and what ever Chapter one could name out of Pauls Epistles , he would rehearse it all in Greek , for the things he had formerly learned his judgement failed him not , but he presently forgat what he had spoken .

His French Works are mentioned by Verdier in his Bibliotheque . His Latine are known .

Bibles divers .

There are Biblia Latina by a a Elegantiae plus satis curiosus , qui protervè in re seria Dei verbum Ciceronianae dictionis flore vestive insolenti temeritate molitus est . Morus exe●cit . de Script . sac . Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 34. p. 210. Magnam proculdubio ab eruditis omnibus & piis gratiam initurus , nisi sacrosanctam rerum divinarum majestatem visus esset aliquot in locis pro nimio Latinitatis & facundiae studio violasse . Scaev. Samarth ▪ Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. Sebastian Castalio with his Annotations , an ethnical b b Some say his was Translatio Ethnica , and Munsters Iudaica , because he followeth the Iewish Writers . Complutum celebre à Bibliis polyglottis ibi excusis anno 1515. biennio antequam Megalander Lutherus doctrinam Ecclesiae repurgare inciperet , unde & Complutensia etiam nunc dicuntur , sumptibus Francisci Simenii Archiepiscopi Tole●ani , qui fuisse scribuntur ducatorum sexaginta millia . Ac profuerunt illa Biblia initio renascentis doctrinae Megalandro Luthero plurimum . Neand Geog part . 1. Vide Biblioth . Hispan . Tom. 1. c. 2. Ximenes ducatorum sexcentiis millenis millibus impensis sex tomos emisit , ita ut in V. T. textum Hebraicum & paraphrasin Chaldaicam , cum duabu● versionibus Latinis , in Novo Textum Graecum cum versione Latina collocaret . Meritò numeratur hoc opus inter instrumenta & media , quibus Deus superiori seculo doctrinae coel●stis puritatem in lucem revocare voluit . Alsted . Eucyclopaed . l. 32. c. 7. Translation , he using Lotio for baptismus , Respublica for Ecclesia . Beza often reproveth him in his Annotations upon the New Testament .

Biblia Hebraica printed at Venice by Bombergus in four Volumes , and by Iohn Buxtorph in two Volumes with the emendation of the Chaldee Translation .

Biblia Hebraea Hutteri .

Biblia Hebraica , vulgò Complutensia in six Volumes , the Chaldee , Greek and Latine Interpretations being added , by Cardinal Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo , published in the year of Christ 1515 , a little before Luther , an excellent work , which made way for the Gospel , since both the original languages of the Bible , before only in the hands of the Jews and Grecians , were now generally made known .

The King of Spains Bible in eight Tomes with Apparatus Sacer , printed by Biblia illa Augusta , quae edenda Rex Philippus , unde Regia nuncupantur , cum aeterna sua gloria procuravit . Meursi Athenae Batavae . l 1. c. 13. Opus Hispanicum à Benedicto Ariá Montano , viro decem linguarum perito , sumptu Philippi Hispaniae Regis Antuerpiae est editum , ita ut cum Textu V. T. Hebraico Chaldaica paraphrasis , versio LXX . Interpretum & Latina cum Textu Graeco N. T. Syriaca & Latina versio sit conjuncta . Alsted . Encyclop . l. 32. c. 7. Plantine .

The Old Testament in the four first Volumes , in Hebrew , Chaldee and Greek , with a threefold Latine Interpretation , the first of which is the vulgar , and is annexed to the Hebrew Text , the second and third answer to the Greek Text and Chaldee Paraphrase .

In the fifth Volume the New Testament is contained , in Greek and Syriack with Benedicti Ariae M●ntani studio opera & labore indefesso prodierunt annis superioribus , ex officina Plantini Antuerpiani typographi , celeberrimi & doctissimi Biblia polyglotta in papyro regali , quod vocant , typis pulcherrimis excusa , in Tomos octo distincta & initio centum taleris vendita . Neand. Orb. ter. part . Succinc . explicat . part. 1. in Hispania . Vide plura ibid. a double Latine Interpretation , one of which is the vulgar , the other expresseth the propriety of the Syriack Text , being written by Guido Fabricius Boderianus , one very skilfull in the Syriack .

In the sixth , seventh and eight Tomes is the Apparatus Sacer. In the sixth the Old Testament in Hebrew with the Latine Interpretation of Pagnine and Arias Montanus , and the New in Greek with the vulgar Latine Interpretation , and the other of Arias Montanus .

In the seventh Tome the Grammatical precepts of the Languages , and the Dictionaries of them , Hebrew , Syriack , Chaldee , and Greek are contained .

In the eighth and last Tome , there are singular Books of Arias Montanus his , and the Variae Lectiones gathered by the most learned with greatest study , with two Indexes .

Since that , came out Iay the Advocates Bible in France , who hath been at great charge in printing the Bible in Hebrew , and in other oriental Languages , wherein there are two Volumes supernumerary , which have the Samaritane Pentateuch , and a Translation of it , a Syriack Translation of the Old Testament , and an Arabick Translation of the whole Bible , with Latine Translations to each of them , but it hath not the Interlineary , nor any Apparatus .

It is very corruptly printed .

Now there is here printing in England a Bible , which will exceed the French Versiones antiquae praesertim Orientales , tum ratione affinitatis quam habent cum linguis originalibus , tum authoritatis & usus generalis in primaeva Ecclesia optima sunt media ad verum loci sensum in obscuris indagandum , veramque lectionem in dubiis vel depravatis restituend●m . Introduct. ad lectionem Ling. Orat. Bible , because it sets forth all uno conspectu , whereas that is in several Volumes , and hath the best Editions of each , the vulgar Latine of Clement the 8th , and the LXX of Sixtus Quintus their authentick Editions , and it hath the variety of readings of the Alexandrian Copy on the LXX in the Margent , the Chaldee Paraphrase of Buxtorfs Edition .

It hath also the Interlineary Translation of the Hebrew Bible , and the Ethiopick Translation of the New Testament . Some emendations of the Latine Translation , of the Samaritane Pentateuch , and in the Apparatus , the variety of readings of all the Texts .

There are Biblia Hebraica with the Targum , and divers Commentaries of the Rabbies . Anno 1543. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 35. p. 223. Quae Leo Iud● vir Hebraicè doctissimus non sine aliorum adminiculo adornavit . Nam & antequam convertere● Apocryphos & Novum Testamentum ipse obiit . Hanc editionem Robertus Stephanus Lutetiae cum vulgata conjunxit in octavo , vel suis , vel Vatabli Annotationibus adjectis quae ideo Biblia Vatabli nomine veniunt , & fortè Stephani non immerito dicerentur . Vide Pellica●●um de vitâ propriâ sub finem . Mori Exercitat . de Script . sac .

There are Biblia Tig●rina begun by Leo Iudae , and finished by other Reformed Divines , published by Robert Steven with Notes annexed .

There are Biblia Latina à Sixto Edita .

There is the Latine Bible translated by Immanuel Tremellius and Francis Iunius , with their Notes .

There is the Latine Bible with the ordinary Glosse of Strabus Fuldensis the brother of Beda , the Postils of Nich. de ●yra , and the additions of Paulus Burgensis .

There is the French Bible reviewed by the Professours of Genevah . Biblia Italica doctissimi Diodati , mis●u ipsius accepi , quae praestare possum , omnium , quaecunque prodierunt , praestantissima esse , sive fidem in reddendo , sive verborum Hetruscorum delectum spectes . Scalig. Epist. l. 3. Epist. 25● .

There is the Italian Bible by Diodate . Scaliger saith , he makes use of it stil at his study .

There is the Spanish Bible of Cypriano Valera , well approved of .

Theodorus Bibliander was a good Linguist . Vir multijugae eruditionis . Thuanus . Theodorus Bibliander , nation● Helveti●● , colendissimus praeceptor meus , vir incomparabilis doctrinae , eloquentiae , tribus in linguis praestantiae , sic pietate moribus & vita exemplar omnibus optimum . Gesu . Biblioth.

Besides many other learned Works which he hath written , he hath also published a Commentary De Ratione Communi omnium Linguarum & Literarum .

Gab. Biel. a a Scholasticorum rhapsodus Gasp. Peuc . Hist. Carc . Vir in divinis Scripturis eruditus & in humanioribus literis doctissimus fuit . Pantal. De Vir. Illust. German . parte secunda . 1480.

Nicolaus Biesius a learned Dutchman . He published an Oration Pro Studiis Literarum , two Books De dicendi Arte , two Books De Universate , five Books De Natura , and four De Republica , a little Book De Opinionum varietate , Commentaries in Galeni Artem , the Method and Theory of Physick .

Hieron . Bignonius . Who may be called the Varro of this Age.

Eberardus Bilichius b b Ob ingenii in enodandis sacrae doctrinae perplexis quaestionibus subtilitatem magni nominis theologus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 11. . He died at Trent coming thither to the Councel .

Iacobus Billius Primaeus a very learned man . He was famous for his exact knowledg in the Greek Tongue , which he specially exercised in illustrating the Greek Fathers .

He translated Nazianzene into Latine , and illustrated it with Scholia . There are also Sacrae Observationes , and Sacra Anthalogia of his , with divers French works mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque .

Thomas Bilney a learned and godly Martyr . I have spoken of him elswhere .

Thomas Bilnius Concionator vehemens , litterarum & virtutis existimatione celebris . Camp . Narrat . Div●rt . Henrici octavi .

Thomas Bilson . His rising was meerly by his Learning .

He hath written ,

Survey of Christs Sufferings .

De perpetua Ecclesiae Christi Gubernatione .

Answer to the Apology .

L●lius Bisciola , an Italian .

His H●rae subcesivae are commended by Alegambe , containing excellent things in all kinde of Philology .

Bilibaldus Birkheimerus . He was born at Norimberg , Anno 1501.

A great Mathematician , and most familiar with Erasmus for his great learning . He wrote a Description of Germany , and divers other works mentioned by Boissard .

Peter Blesensis . 1160. a worthy learned man , he spared not at times sharply to reprehend the enormities of the Clergy . Divers of his Epistles are yet to be seen , He lived in the 12th Age. wherein he rebuketh the arrogancy of Thomas Becket .

Archbishop first in England , then at Roane . Blondelli diligentiam pridem admiratus , quo plura ejus lego , eo admiror magis . Grot. Epist. Claudio Saravio . Pe●curri cum voluptate D. Blondelli Diatribam de Suburcariis de ipsa re nunquam allud quam ipse sensi . Non possum satis laudare viri summam diligentiam defaecatumque judicium . Id. alibi Claudio Saravio .

David Blondell .

In antiquitate Ecclesiastica versatissimus . Rivetus Grot. discript . dialys . Sect. 10. He is very well versed in Ecclesiastical Antiquities .

Bochart speaking of Church-Government saith , Blondellus vir piissimus & supra fidem in hisce doctus . Bocharti Epist.

He hath published many learned Works in Latine and French . Pseudo . Isidorus & Turianus Vapulantes .

Modeste Delaration De La Sinceritè & Veritè Des Eglises Reformees de France .

An Answer to Cardinal Per●on , and other Works .

Flavius Blondus a famous Historian and Secretary to many Popes , deserves well Eugenii quarti pluriumque Pontificum Romanorum Secretarius . Ad honorem ejus non parum pertinet , quòd scripta illius in epitomen contrahere dignatus sit Piu● secundus Pontifex Dictione est , non admodum culta : ut etiam Volaterianus agnoscit ; sed de antiquitate tamen , utcunque interdum aliquid humani patiatur , sane pro aetate , qua vixit , optimè meretur . Box●orni monum . Vir. Illust. & elog . Idem ferè habet . Vossius De Histor. Lat. l. 3. c. 1. of Antiquity for the age in which he lived .

He died poor at Rome , Ut Philosophum decuit , as it became a Philosopher , saith Boxhornius .

He wrote three Decads , De gestis Romanorum , a Book of Epistles , and another of Orations , and divers others .

He died Anno salutis Christianae . 1363.

Ludovicus Blosius , Abbas Laetiensis . Homo Graecis Hebraeisque literis sic institutus , ut quandoque ad me scripserit Epistolas trilingues . Cle● . Epist. l. 2.

Ioannes Bocatius , a famous Poet of Hetruria , as Petrarch also , but too obscene . Anno ae●ae Christ . 1346. Helv. Chron. Petrarchus & ille , praeter ea quae multa soluta oratione uterque composuit , nonnulla qu●que tarminae latina scrips●re , in quibus non multò praestat alter alteri . In his licet , quod temporum tamen vitio adscribendum putarim , judic●i minus sit & limae , multum tamen poetici spiritus habere videntur . At Deus bone , quae illi lingua patria & vernacula uterque scripsere , hic scilicet rhythmis Lyricis cantiones & epigrammata , ille soluto sermone , & cùm primis fae●tus & jocosus decem dierum narrationes ( sic enim illum Graecè 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 librum inscripsit ) qualis est utriusque lepos , quae gratia ? Nihil fieri potest omnium bonorum judicio , candidius , suavius , elegantius . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4. Magnam eruditionis & industriae laudem retulit genealogiâ suâ Deorum . Gloriam quoque meruit compendio historiae , Romanae , item lib. de illustribus viris , de claris mulieribus , de bellis imperatorum de Florentinorum bellis , de capta Constantinopoli , atque aliis . Ob●●t anno aetatis LXII . uno post Petrarcham anno . Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 3. c. 1.

Petrarch was his Master .

His Life is written by Papirius Massonus .

He put forth a Book De Genealogia Deorum , which contains fourteen Tomes , and many others mentioned by Boissard in his Icones . He died in the ●3 . year of his age .

Trajanns ● Boccalinus . Non ine●egans neque invenustus vi●ae morumque magister Trajanus Bo●calinus , vir acri ingenio , adjocandum cum aliquo maledicto facetus , omni elegantia doctrinae excultus . Iani Nicii . Erythraei Pinacotheca tertia . Vid● plura ibid.

Sir Isaac Wake called his Collections of Pernassus the first Satyre in prose , and Master Selden said , he would rather lose any humane Book in his study then that .

Samuel Bochart an able French Divine , Pastor of the Church of Can● , who hath Doctissimus , linguarumque Orje●talium pericissimu● vir S. Bochartu● in admirando opere . Geog. Sac. Ouzel . Animadvers . ad Minuc . Felic octav . Samu●lis Bocharti laboriosum & varia cruditione refer●um opus de Geographia Sacra . Voct . Biblioth. Studios . Theol. l. 2. Append. 2. de Geograph Sac. written a learned Treatise De Geographia Sacra .

Mr Pocock in his learned Miscellaneous Notes in Portam Mosis c. 3. styles him Virum longe doctissimum , and quoting that Book saith , In illo diffusae eruditionis opere .

Peter du Moulin dedicates his Antibar barian to him , and styles him his Nephew .

CHAP. VIII .

JOhn Bodin , a Papist a a Mr. Gatak . ●●his Vi●dicat . of his . A●●otat . ●● Jer. 10. 2. Haetesim sapi● apertè , quod Luther●● , Cal● vin●● , Melancthon , & reliqui ejus fa●inae homine● honorificè in eo libro nominentur . Historici verò ii usurpentur ad faciendam Historiae fidem qui & ●ae●etici f●●●re , & in Historia turpiter sunt lapsi . Possev . Biblioth. Sel. l. 16. c. 9 Opus magnum de Republica Gallicè publicavit , in quo ut omni scientiarum genere non tincti , sed imbuti ingenii fidem fecit , sic nonnullis , qui roctè judicant , non omuino ab ostentationis innato gentis vitio va●uum se probavit . Thuanus Hist. Tom. 5. l. 117. Vide plura ibid. ●llud velim ex te scire , quare Pontisicii tam acerbe quotidie in Bodi●●m ●eclament . Certè quod mancipium ambitionis fuerit , prop●erca odio illis esse ●um non crediderim . Aliam subesse causam necesse est , quam ex ●e seire velim ▪ Scalig. Epist. l. 4. Epist. 354. Vide Scaev. Samarth . Elog. Gal● . , but an ingenuous and judicious Writer , of great and good note , as well among Protestants as Papists .

Scriptis ad posteritatem victuris satis clarus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 63.

Possevine dislikes his Methodus Historica , because he makes such honourable mention of the Protestants there .

Voetius in his Biblioth. l. 2. Sect. prior . c. 1. condemns Posse●●nes Bibliotheca , as maimed , because out of his envy and pretended hatred against heresie , he passeth by many excellent Authors .

Joannes Bodinus homo multiplici eruditione notus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 94.

Olim Protestantium doctrinae addictus , nec ab ea multum unquam postea alienus .

Some commend his Theatrum Naturae for a choice piece , a Book full of natural curiosities .

Tycho Brahe l. 1. De nova Stella . c. 10. chargeth him with grosse errours in matters of History .

Sir Thomas Bodlie , a great Scholar and prudent Statist . Illa Bodlei industria plusquam humana ; illa tot linguarum ar●iumque infinita comprehensio , doctos tantùm egit in stuporem : at illa incredibilis mor●a● suavit●s , ille in congressibus gestuque toto lepo●●t velu●●o 〈◊〉 quidam doctos indoctosque jux●● coepit . Orat. Funeb . Iohan. Hales . in Colleg. Merton .

His Parents were rather good then great . What liberal Education they bestowed on him , he shews in his own Life written in English by himself , which is put into Latine by Dr Hackwell , and is in Oxford Library . He living in the troublesome times of Queen Mary , his Parents took him beyond Sea .

At Geneva● he heard Bero●ldus for Greek , Cevallerius for Hebrew , in Divinity Calvin and Beza .

He was very skilfull in the Oriental Tongues . Linguarum Orientalium callentissimus vir Thomas Bodlaeus . Drus. Not. in Tetragram . He was the great Founder of our famous Oxford Library , which is therefore called Bibliotheca Bodleiana . He gave many Hebrew Books to the Library , and was imployed in many honourable Embassies to the Kings of France and Denmark , the Lantgrave of Hesse , the Quae libuit ludere in poesi divina planè sunt , nihil illis cultius , nihil gravius , neque densitas sententiatum venerem , neque acumen abstulit candorem , equi ▪ dem censeo paucos cum illo compari posse . Duke of Brunswick , the States of Holland .

He gave for his Arms three Crowns , with this Inscription , Quarta perennis erit .

B●etius Severinus . Anno Dom. 520.

Thevet Vies des hommes Illustres l. 6. mentions the several names given to him , and the reasons of them . He was called Severinus , to shew his Cato like severity and integrity . He was very famous in his dayes , being Consul a long time at Rome , and a man of rare gift● and abilities . Some say , in prose he gave not place to Tully , and had none that exceeded him for Poetry ; a great Philosopher , Musician , Mathematician .

He was put to death by King Theodoricus King of the Gothes .

He was a most excellent Peripatetick , after he was slain Peripatetick Philosophy decayed , and almost all Learning in Italy . Barbarism wholly invaded it , and expelled good Arts and Philosophy out of its borders , saith Heereboord Epist. Valla docet eum Latinè loqui : at vallam Boetius bene sapere . Hyper. Scalig. l. 5. Dedicat. ad Disputat . ex Philos. select .

Albertus Magnus and Aquinas have commented upon him .

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boetius , vir & dignitate & opulentia & virtute & eruditione longe maximus , Aristotelicam Philosophiam Romae docuit . Coring . de Antiq. Acad. Disser. 3. Vide plura ibid. Fuit in omni disciplina egregiè doctus , quod liquido ex ejus monumentis constare potest : sed in pangendis versibus mira usus est facilitate , Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Hist. Dial. 5. Anitius Manlius Severinus Boethius Patricius & Consul , vir eruditissimus , Philosophus & Theologus insignis , à Theodorico Gothorum Rege in exilium immerit● pulsus , bonis omnibus fuit exu●us , ac tandem Tyrannice interemp●us est . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 6.

Quis Boetio , vel in dialecticis acutior , vel subtilior in Mathematicis , vel in Philosophia locupletior , vel in Theologia sublimior . Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1. cap. 1.

Iohn Bois , both a good Grecian and Divine . There are also some observations of his in manuscript upon some part of the New Testament

He hath published some Notes upon Chrysostome , which are in the eighth ▪ Volume upon Chrysostome , put out by Sir Henry Savill , who cals him , Ingeniosissimum & doctissimum Boisium , and styles his Notes , Doctissimas ejus Observationes .

He saith thus to Sir Henry Savill in his Notes upon Chrysostoms Homilies upon Genesis , Emendationes enim omnes quas affero , meae sunt conjecturae , & fortasse multis in locis parùm probabiles nec satis scitè confictae . Sed ut non omnes dignas existimo , quae eruditorum calculis approhentur : ita nonnullas , tamet si paucissim● eae sunt ▪ meliore sidere natas credo , quas ne emunctissimae quidem naris Critici sint prorsus aspernaturi .

Daniel * * Fortè per id temporis Venetias profecturus erat amicissimus mihi Daniel Bombergus , vir sic de literis Hebraicis meritus ut nomen suum omnium seculorum memoriae consecraverit sempiternae . Clen epist. l. 2. Bombergus a famous Printer , who alone almost hitherto hath printed at Venice great and large Volumes in Hebrew with invaluable expences .

Those Hebrew Books which he printed at Venice are conveyed into all the parts of the world where the Jews are , into Africk , Ethiopia , India , Aegypt , and other places .

He printed ,

1. The Hebrew and Chaldee Bible with Commentaries of divers Rabbies upon all the Books of the Old Testament in royal paper . 2. The Talmud , an immense and stupendious work divided into some Volumes . 3. The Volumes of Rabbi Moses which contain both his own Expositions , and also those of other Rabbins upon the Talmud , with other Hebrew Books .

Bonaventure first a Monk , and then a Cardinal . He was called Doctor Seraphicus , Quo nemo in magistrum sententiarum , cum tamen ferè innumeri in illum sint Commentati , scripsit-copiosius , cum ejus Commentationes in quatuor magnos tomos sint distinctae . Neand. Geog. parte 1 2. Floruerunt Bonaventura & Thomas circa annum millesimum ducenresimum sexagesimum . Scotus florebat anno Dom. milesimo trecentesimo . Durandus circa annum Domini millesimum trecentesimum vigesimum . Nicolaus Panormitanus florebat anno Domini millesimo quadringentesimo trigesimo nono . Forbes . Instruct. Histor. Theol. l. 9. c. 5. Natione Thuseus , vir magni ingenii & disciplinarum capacis , mult● scripsit , quae extant , & insoelicitatem seculi sapiunt : ita tamen , ut nonnulla in eis occurrant , pontificiis traditionibus recentioribus non convenientia . Illyr. Catal. Test. verit . l. 16. a Seraphical Doctor .

His Works are in seven Tomes .

His Notes on Lombard are good , Gerson commends his Opuscula for devotion .

He joyned together so much sanctity of life , and integrity of manners with his great knowledge of Scholastical Divinity and Philosophy , that Alexander of Hales his master , was often accustomed to say of him , That Adam seem'd to him not to have sinned in Bonaventure . Sixt. Senens . Bibliothec. Sanct. l. 4.

Anno 1265. About this time flourished Thomas of Aquine , Reader at Paris among the Dominick Friers , and Bonaventure among the Franciscan Friers . Foxes Act. and Monum . Tom. 1. p. 433.

Thomas Aquinas coming to him to salute him , and finding him writing the life of St Francis ( as the Papists term him ) he called him a Saint though living , saying , Sinamus Sanctum pro Sancto laborare , Let us suffer a Saint to labour for a Saint . Ang Roch. Biblioth. Vatic .

He was canonized by Pope Sixtus the 4th anno 1482. for a Saint in the Kalendar .

Franciscus Bonamicus . Bembus , Sadoletus , Bonamicus , quorum Nomina per orbem terrarum celebrata sermonibus & scriptis . Manut. Epist. lib. 1. Epist. 3.

There are some of his Works published .

De alimento , De motu .

Lazarus Bonamicus .

A most famous Professour of Eloquence , and the Greek Tongue at Padua .

He hath put out some learned Orations and Poems .

It is reported of him , that when he once asked the Devil in a possessed woman , Neand , Geog. what verse in Virgil he judged to be best ? he answered ,

Discite justitiam moniti , & non temnere divos .

Cardin. Borromaeus . Nomenclat . Sanct. Rom. Eccles. Card. Illustrissimi Cardinalis Borromaei literae argumento sunt , non prorsus humanitatem ex rebus sublatam & superesse animas . Queis meliore luto finxit praecordia Titan. Ios. Scalig. l. 2. Epist. 140. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tomo tertio l. 80.

He was of Millain , he had Francis Alciate a most famous Lawyer his Master . Pope Paulus Quintus made him a Saint .

He escaped a great danger from some loose Friers , as Thuanus relates . Hist. Tom. 2. l. 38. p. 627.

He hath put out a Tract , De Concionatorum Pastorumque Instructione , cum aliis Opusculis .

There are also Epistolae cum ejus vita .

Franciscus Bosquetus a learned Lawyer .

He hath written a History of the Popes of Rome which were Frenchmen , thus entituled , Pontificum Romanorum , qui à Gallia oriundi sunt , historia .

Arnold Boot Doctor of Physick , a Dutchman , lately dead . Arnoldus Bootius Belga , cujus periti● in linguis orientalibus , adeóque & Arabica ▪ testimonium perhibent doctissimae ejus aliquot in V. T. loca animadversiones . Ho●ing . Analect . Nistor . Theol. Dissertat . 6.

He hath written a learned Book , entituled , Animadversiones Sacrae ad Textum Hebraicum Veteris-Testamenti .

He wrote also two Tracts against Ludovicus Capellus his Sacra Critica .

I received this passage from a learned Friend of mine ( whom I informed of his death ) in a Letter ,

The losse of that man is great , for he was well furnished with that kinde of learning , and besides very judicious , very industrious , very zealous . He wrote ●●●● in a more general way , but so as he hath indeed cut the sinews of that Sacra Critica .

Henricus Bracton , a learned Lawyer .

Henry de Bracton , a Judge of the Court of Commonpleas in the Reign of K. H. 3. and a writer of the Laws .

Iohn Bradford . He was a zealous profitable preacher , a man of a humble and melting spirit . See my Saints Incouragements .

As holy a man as any lived in his time , and learned also , as Mr Fox shews in his Book of Martyrs .

He wrote two Sermons , one of Repentance on Mat. 4. 17. the 2 d of the L. Supper ▪

I finde also in the Oxford Catalogue , mentioned ,

His holy Meditations upon the Lords ▪ Prayer , Belief , and ten Commandments .

A Dialogue of Predestination and Free-will .

Two Letters for men afflicted in Conscience .

William Bradshew .

He hath written well of Justification . Mr Gataker cals it , Aureum quantivis preti● libellum .

There are also Meditations of his upon the Psalms . Thomas Bradwardinus Anglus .

Th● ▪ Bradwardine Archbishop of Canterbury ▪ King Edward the thirds Confessor .

A man reputed so pious in those dayes , that the Kings prosperous successe then Floruit hic longe , doctissimus vir circiter 1330. Domini annum , pugnavit acerrimè pro gratia Dei contra liberum arbitrium , & Pelagianos ejus patronos , nempè Scholasticos Theologos , idque nec sine approbatione multorum bonorum , nec sine multorum seductorum gravissima offensione suoque periculo : tamen exoratus à pi●s doctisque viris , quae de ●● controversia in publicis disputationibus disseruerat , tribus libris justum volumen explentibus complexus est . Laudatur hic scriptor nomine eximae eruditionis etiam ab illustribus viris , Raphaele Volaterano , & Ioanne Pico . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. Natus fertur Hatfeldiae in C●mitatu Suffolciensi , Oxoniae verò educatus , ubi cum bonarum literarum studiis aliquot annos incubuisset , Academicorum suffragiis procuratorum unus creatur an. 1325. posteaque Doctoris in Theologia gradu honestatur . Mathematicus fuit insignis , Philosophus egregius , in Theologiae verò stud●is eousque versa●us , ut apud doctos illorum temporum , Doctoris prosundi appellatione innotuerit ; eamque non immerito delatam illi fatebuntur credo , qui libros ab illo conscriptos per●egerint . Verum in hoc homine nihil erat quod potius laudaveris , quam morum vitaeque sanctimoniam ob quam caetera sque virtutes , à Straffardo delectus est , ut Regi esset à confessionibus . In quo munere ita se g●ssit , ut optimi simul ac prudentissimi viri laudem retulerit . Regem siquidem à recto deflectentem increpare consuevit audacter , ea tamen prudentia verborumque lenitate , ut animum Principi● nunquam offenderit . Non desunt ce●te inter scriptores qui insignes illas Edwardi Victorias , hujus potius sanctitati ac virtutibus acceptas ●erendas existiment , quam cujuspiam seu fortitudini , seu prudentiae . Godwini de Praesul . Angl. Comment. Vide Antiq. Eccles. Britan. p. 44. was chiefly imputed unto his piety , who followed him in his warres in France , as Preacher in the Camp .

Above three hundred years ago he valiantly defended the truth against the Arminian Doctrine . Grati● Dei stre●uissimus assertor , Dr Ward in Phil. 2. 12.

Henricus Brandius , a learned and Pious Divine .

He hath written a Book entituled , Examen Consulationis Lessianae religionis capessend● . And Analysis in Catechesin religionis Christianae , Quae in Ecclesiis & Scholis tum Belgii , tum Palatinatus traditur .

Tycho Brahe a Dane and a Knight , a great Astronomer . Florente aetate ●● Caesarem ●ccitus , honores ejus aulae sibi oblatos constanter sprevit , speratos respuit , Mathematicarum studiis accensus , ob quae ab omnibus immortalitati nom●● ejus meruit consecrari . Tomasin . Illust. Vir. Elog. Vide plura ibid.

Stellae describuntur à Ptolomaeo , Alphonso & Tychone Brahe , triumviris reipub . Astronomicae . Alsted . Eucyclop . l. 7. part. 1. c. 15.

There are divers of his Works published ,

Astronomiae illustratae Progymnasnatum Liber 1.

Mechanica .

Oratio d● Disciplinis Mathematicis .

De mun●s Aetherei recentioribus . Phaenomenes liber secundus . Epistol● Astronomicae .

Edw. Brerewood . He was the first Astronomy Lecturer in Gresham Colledge .

He hath written Enquiries touching the Diversities of Languages and Religio●s through the chief parts of the world , an excellent piece .

De ponderibus & pret . vet. nummorum .

●le●●nta Logicae .

Treatises of the Sabbath .

Iohn Brentius . He was born Anno 1499. A Divine of great name amongst the Protestants , saith Thuanus . Vir est gravis , & modestus & doctus : sed desiderari in eo nonnihil potest . Zanch. Epist. l. 2. ad Bezam .

His Works are printed in several Tomes in Folio .

G●ido de * * Sanctus Dei Martyr . Bres .

He hath written against the Anabaptists in French .

Of the Authority of the Magistrate , and Immortality of the soul.

Henry Brigges , a famous Mathematician , and a pious man .

His Works are Arithmetica Logarithmica , & Triganometria Britannica .

Thomas Brightman , a learned and godly man .

Bishop Andrews in his Answer to Bellarmines Apol. ad cap. 9. is too sharp and bitter towards him .

I have heard that Mr Thomas Cartwright counted him a bright Star in the Church of God .

He hath put out a Comment in Latine on the Canticles and Revelation . And Disputatio de Antichristo , & Ref●tatio de Bellarmini Antichristo .

Io. Brinsley , A learned man .

He hath published ,

Ludus Literarius , or , The Grammar-School .

The posing of the Accidens .

The true Watch and Rule of Life in four parts .

The Calender Reformation .

Barnabas Brissonius , the learned Chief Justice of France , whom B. Andrews . Doctissimus Barnabas Brissonius in eruditissimo Commentario de regio Persarum statu . Montac . Appar . 2. Equidem à Rege ipso audivi cùm dic●ret nullum in orbe Christiano principem esse qui haberet quem Brissonio suo in literarum gloria opponeret . Scripsit de verborum quae ad jus pertinent significatione ingens & eruditum opus , itemque de formulis & solennibus populi Romani verbis alterum , ac opuscula plurima , quorum optimam partem edidit , partem indigna morte praeventus , imperfectam reliquit . Sca● . Samarth . Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. one calleth Varro Galliae .

Ios. Scaliger . l. 1. Epist. Epist. 8. & 9. speaks somewhat against his book De Regno Persarum , and de formulis , &c. but that De formulis is an excellent work .

Stephanus Paschasius in the second Book of his Epigrams , hath these Verses to him .

Mirantur eunctis animum te intendere caussis , Cùm tot pervoluas noctè dieque libros . Queis ego sic Balbus ; nihil est mirabile factu : Plurima nam dicit , plurima qui didicit .

Iohn Briton Bishop of Hereford of profound judgement in the Common-Law .

He composed a learned Work of the Law , and published it in 5. E. 1. by the commandment of Edward the first , our Justinian .

Erasmus Brockman , a learned Lutheran . He hath put out Theologiae univers● Systema . vol. 3. De speculo veritatis Pontificiae . Controversiarum sacrarum qua in Huic viro quicunque summae doctrinae , acerrimique & ingenii & judicii laudem denegant , illi certè aut planè indocti nulleque indicio praediti aut impudenter sunt invidi . Eum enim sua scripta talem fuisse clam●nt , & quidem cum alia , tum ea quae in E●ripidi● tragaedias edidit . Steph. Praefat. ad Annotat in Eurip. Vide plura ibid. salutari Religionis negotio intercedunt orthodoxis cum schola Pontificia partes duae .

Ioan. Brodaeus , a man of stupendious and wonderfull reading , of incredible memory and industry . Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 34.

He hath written divers Miscellanies , and learned Commentaries upon Euripides his Tragedies , and Xenophon .

Sir Robert Brook Chief-Justice of the Court of Commonpleas .

His Abridgement was first published in Anno 16. Reg. Eliz. long after his decase ; a worthy and painfull work , an excellent Table for the year Books of the Law .

Hugh Broughton , well skilled in Hebrew and Greck , if he had been as judicious Greek and Hebrew were almost as familiar unto him as English . and humble .

He hath put forth several works , his Concentus Sacrae Scripturae is best liked .

He said , it was portended by his Arms that he should be a Grecian , for he gave the fowl * * That is , the Owl , Noctuas Athenis . of Athens for his Arms.

Christoph. Browerus a learned man . He hath written , Fuldensium Antiquitatum . l. 4. and other works .

Henricus Brucaeus . Apud Rostochienses medicinae Galenicae & Philosophiae Aristotelicae professor imprimis celebris , Mathematicarum etiam rerum , praesertim Geometricatum apprimè peritus . Tych. Brah. l. 1. Epist. Astron. Christ . Rothman .

Fr. Lucas Brugensis , a famous Divine . He hath written Notationes in sacra Biblia , and Commentarios in quatuor Iesu Christi Evangelia , and other works .

Petrus Brunellus . Nihil cultius aut Politius fingi potest . Manutius satetur se rectam Latinè scribendi rationem à Brunello didicisse . Samarth . Elog. Gal. l. 1.

There are Epistles of his published .

Guil. Bucanus . Dr Prideaux was wont to say , sive Buchanus sive Buchananus , they being both ours .

These are his Works , Institutiones Theologicae .

In Orat. Dominicam .

Meditationes & Aphorismi de controversiis de Religione determinandis .

Georgius Buchananus , A most famous Poet and good Historian for the Scottish affairs .

Namque ad supremum perducta Poetica culmen Anno salutis Christianae 1506. In te stat , nec quo progrediatur , habet . Imperii fuerit Romani Scotia limes : Quem mihi liceat omnis liberalioris eruditionis ac praesertim poetices patentem appellare . Bez. Epist. ad Icon. Vir. Illust. Romani eloquii Scotia finis erit . Jos. Scalig. in Epitaphio Buchanani .

Vir ingenii felicitate & scribendi facultate , quod ejus scripta ad omnem aeternitatem victura vel fatente invidia testantur , nostra aetate incomparabilis . Thuanus Hist. Tom. 3. l. 76.

There he commends his History also . Ego Psalmorum tuorum lectione incredibiliter delector , qui tales sunt quales à te uno proficisci potuerunt . Beza in Epist.

Carolus Utenhovius saith thus of his Translation of the Psalms , Quo nemo diligentius antiquitates pat●ias est perscru ▪ tatus . Episc. Usser . de Brit. Eccl. primord . c. 16.

Tres Italos Galli senos vicere , sed unum Vincère Scotigenam non potuere virum .

The six Italians were Michael Hospitalis . Adrianus Turnebus , Ioannes Auratus . The three French A. Sannazarius , H. Fracastorius , A. Flaminius , H. Vidas , A. Naugerius . P. Bembus . Utile in quavis gente erit unum aliquem seligere , qui potissimas in ejus gentis historia obtinere videatur . Ut in Gothicis Jornandem , in Longobardicis Paulum Diaconum : in Slaevicis Helmoldum Francicis Paulum Aemilium : in Hispanicis Marianam : in Scotitis Buchananum : in Flandricis Meierum : in Burgundicis Heuterum : in Austriacis Lazium : in Saxonicis Crantzium : in Danicis Saxonem Grammaticum : in Boicis Aventinum : in Mungaricis Bonfinium : in Polonicis Cromerum : atque ita in aliis . Voss. De Ratione Studiorum . Vir qui nec Coelo , nec solo , nec seculo erudito , ut ille cecinit , natus , ad summum tamen Poeticae facultatis culmen tam foeliciter ascendit , ut Poetarum hujus seculi princeps meritò habeatur . Cambdenus in Annal. Eliz. an. 1582. Neminem existimo in Gallia paulo humaniorem , cui Georgius Buchananus non sit notus , non solùm eximius Poeta : verùm etiam vir omni liberali eruditione non leviter tinctus , sed penitus imbutus . Turnebi Adversaria l. 1. c. 2.

Martin Bucer , born Anno 149. a great instrument of God as well as Martin Luther , both Germains and Monks formerly .

The two judicious Commentators * * Dr Jacks first Volume of the Creed ; l. 3. c. 2. Bucer and Martyr .

Quam multiplicem in Bucero jacturam fecerit Dei Ecclesia , quoties in mentem venit , cor m●●m propè lacerari sentio . Calvin in an Epistle to Viretus .

After the Assembly of Regenspurge , when Iohn Gropper Embassadour to the Archbishop of Collen , was returned home , he commended Bucer exceedingly , and said , he was meetest of all others to take in hand the Reformation of Religion , for he was both well learned , a lover of peace , and of pure life . Sleid. Comment. l. 14. p. 187.

Abraham Bucoltzer .

Opere Chronologico magnam gloriam adeptus . Thuanus . Eum virum magnum esse & excellentem ingenlo , doctrina varsa , ac lectione multa , docent tur● quae nuper edidit scripta Chronologica valde erudita , laborios● & accuraté conscripta , tum & jam porrò melius docebunt , quae modò habet in manibus , & de quibus spem facit , superaturus sine omni dubio in illis omnium conatus , labores & studia qui hactenus in si●i● argumento voluerunt esse occupati . Neand. Geog. parte 1● .

Ludovicus Buccaferrens , a learned Philosopher of Bononia .

Many famous Scholars came from his School , Francis Piccolominie , and others .

Iulius Caesar Scaliger in his Epistle to the Reader prefixed before his Subtilties , names him his Master .

Osorius in his learned Book De Gloria , saith , he diligently heard him .

He published Commentaries upon Aristotles first Book of Physicks , and other Books of his .

Io. Buckeridge , Bishop of Rochester . Ioannem Roffensem habemus quem Ioanni Roffensi opponamus , Fishero Buckerigium , cujus argumentis ( si quid ego video ) ne à mille quidem Fisheris unquam respondebitu● . Godw. de Praesul . Ang. Comment. Vide plura ibid.

Guil. Budaeus , William Budey born at Paris in France , Anno 1467. His style is but rude and unpleasing to delicate ears , therefore Erasmus would not put him in the number of the Ciceronians . Gulielmus Budaus utroque opere in pandectas & quinque libris de Asse plu●imum opitulatus est rei Latinae elaborata illa scrutatione rerum ac verborum Linguae utriusque Lud Viv. de Trad. discip . l. 3. Vide plura ibid. Certissima Gallorum gloria , qui jamdudum Italis utriusque literaturae palmam magno eruditorum omnium consensu praeripuit : sic caeteros omnes vincens in Romani sermonis eloquentia , ut in Graeca dictione vincat seipsum . Eras. Epist. l. 1. Epist 5. Vide ibid. Epist: 10. & 12. & l. 2. Epist. 29. & l. 3. Epist. 6● . & l. 4. Epist. 8. & l. 11. Epist. 7. & l. 17. Epist. 10. & l. 22. Epist. 27 , ●8 . & l. 28. Epist. 8. & 21. Gulielmus Budaeus omnium qui hoc patrumque seculo vixere , sine controversia doctissimus . Defuit quidem tanto viro perspicuus ille venustioris eloquentiae nitor quem recentlores uni Ciceroni addicti majore studió & religione coluerunt . Latinitatis cognitionis in Pandectis recensendis & Romanorum jure illustrando luculentum & nobile specimen dedit . In Graecis autem quis non miretur eo usque progressum , ut ( quod nullidum extra Graeciam nato contigerat ) ipsius Jani Lascaris Graecorum doctissimi judicio veterem Atticorum facundiam adaequasse diceretur . Scaev. Samarth . Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog.

He was Secretary of Francis the first , King of France , and Keeper of his Library , and after his Counsellor and Master of Requests . His Commentaries upon the Greek Tongue , his Epistles , Philology , his excellent work De Asse , his Commentaries upon the Pandects , and others shew his great knowledge in the Greek and Latine Tongue .

In those things which he wrote before the preaching of Luther , he doth roughly and largely accuse the Pope , Bishops and Priests , especially in his Book De Asse , which was published Anno 1513. Illyr. Catal. Test. verit . l. 19. Vide Montacut . Analect . Exercit. 5. Sect. 4. Et Pauli Iov . Elog. Doctorum virorum ▪ & meam Epist. Dedicat. ad Crit. Sac. Nov. Test.

He was a man of great learning , and worthy to be had in perpetual memory , for this cause only , that he and Cardinal Bellay Bishop of Paris , did counsel and perswade Francis the first , the French King , to do a most noble act , that is , to appoint great stipends , for the Readers of Tongues and good Arts at Paris .

Buchanan hath this Distich of him ,

Gallia quod Graeca est , quod Graecia barbara non est : Utraque Bu●aeo debet utrumque suo . Buch. l. 2 Epig.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him ,

Et Latiae nobis debent Graiaeque Camaenae : Laudem utram quaeras , magnus utraque fui .

He died at Paris Anno 1539.

Io. Bugenhagius Pomeranus nascitur Anno 1485. Vir piissimus & doctissimus quo inter Germanos Theologos ●emo in Italia judicatus ●uit meo tempore doctior . Zanch. disceptat . cum Marbachio . Passim Ecclesias Saxonicas Brunsuigae Hamburgii , & tandem in regno Daniae reformavit . Pezel . Mellif . Histor. parte 3 ●i● .

Moderate ingenio & eruditione rara excultus . Thuanus Hist. 1. Tom. l. 21.

He died at Wittenberg in the 73 year of his age .

Lutherus ut in Schola suum Melancthonem , sic in Ecclesia suum sibi Bugenhagium adjunctum habui● . Verheid . Prastant . aliq . Theol. qui Rom. Antich praecip . oppugn . essig .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard .

Henry Bullenger * * Vide Thuan. Hist. tom. 3. ●ib. 61. ●lacet recitare , quod mihi olim Mon●allinus ille Monachus , qui tandem Combustus fuit Romae , propter Evan●elium , de tuo libro , qui est de Origine Erroris , dixerit , cum ego nunquam eum legissem aut vidissem librum , h●r●●batur ille ut emerem : & si , inquiebat , non habes nummos , erue tibi oculum dextrum , illoque persolvas , & lege ●nistro . Dei beneficio mox repe●i librum , serva is tamen oculis , quia non peperci loculis . Nam emi Coronato , & mox succum totius expressi mea manu , quae ne ab Inquisitoribus quidem poterat legi . Deinde etiamsi legissent , non potuissent agnoscere , utrius essem sententiae . Nam redegeram totum ad formam quaestionum scholasticarum , adjectis locis ex Conciliis , & Scholasticis , quid de iis rebus sentiret Romana Ecclesia . Haec volui recitare , u● intelligas quantam ceperam ego olim ex eo libro voluptatem & utilitatem , & quanti factus fuerit viris piis & doctis : Ignosce tamen meis in●ptiis . Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Bulleng . , born Anno 1504.

Some much commend his Book de Origine Erroris .

Henry Bunting * * Vir eruditus , ingeniosus , sedulus & industrius . Neand. Geog. part. 2. , Teacher of the Word of God in Saxony , in the Dukedom of Brunswicke .

Neander much commends his Chronicon Ecclesiasticum , and his Itinerarium Ecclesiasticum .

Aegidius Burdinus , a learned Lawyer and an excellent Grecian . Vid. Scaev. Sam. Gallorum Elog.

Francis Burgersdicius famous for his Logick , Ethicks and Metaphysicks .

Paulus Burgensis was by birth and institution a Jew , and excellently versed in Paulus Burgensis ex Judaeo & Christianus & Episcopus in Fland●ia extitit . Geneb . Chron. lib. 4. Episcopus Burgensis . all the learning of the Rabbines , but by faith and conversion a Christian and a Bishop .

When he was a Jew he was called Salomo Levita .

Walter Burlie , a great light of Europe , and ornament of Oxford . The Learned Master of King Edward the 3d d , and Scholar of Merton Colledge .

He hath written divers Works upon Aristotle .

Io. Buridanus .

He hath written on the ten Books of Aristotles Ethicks .

Burgundius . Burgundi● ●ive Burgundius Jurisperitus Pisanus , qui floruit circa annum MCLX. Pignor. Symb. Epistol. Epist. 39.

He interpreted the Gospel of Iohn .

This is part of his Epitaph ,

Decessit senio propria Burgundius urbe , Cui similis vivens vix fuit est vel erit . Omne quod est natum terris sub sole locatum , Hic plene scivit scibile quicquid erat , Optimus Interpres Graecorum fonte refectus , Plurima Romano contulit eloquio . Commentor primus , Chrysostomus ille secundus , Claruit , exposit●r , scripsit & innotuit .

Rob. Burhill .

He hath written contra Mart. Becani controversiam Anglicanam de Britann . and Exclamat ingenti spiritus ardore in agone suo . a manuscript in verse , De Britanniae rebus Scholasticis .

Anna Burgius .

Anne du Burg , a most learned Lawyer and holy Senatour was burnt at Paris 1559. for the true Religion : not so much by the inclination of the Judges , as by the Annas Burgaeus Hieromartyr Christi , ad spectatores quidem Martyrii sui . Non ego hic sum ut latro aut homicida , sed tantum pro Evangelii causa . Ad Deum vero agonothetem suum : Deus mi , ne me derelinquus , ne ego te derelinquam . Gryn . Epist. l ▪ 1. Epist. 6. Vide Calv. Epist. Car. Blaudero . Hoc sacro igne , quo absumtus Martyr Burgius , Lamberti Danaei in pectore pietatis vera flamma accensa est ▪ Discipulus enim Annae Burgii Eruditionem , autoritatem , gravitatem morumque sanctitatem suspiciens , non temere vel levibus argumentis Religionem illam à tanto viro , quem toties universa Gallia docentem esset admitata , defendi posse statuebat . Verheid . Praestant . aliquot Theol. qui Rom. Antich . praecipuè oppugnarunt . Effigies & Elogia . resolution of the Queen , provoked against him , because the Lutherans did divulge in many Writings and Libels spread abroad , that the King had been wounded in the eye by the providence of God , for a punishment for his words used against du Bonrg , that he would see him burnt . But the death and constancy of a man so conspicuous , did make many curious to know what Religion that was , for which he had so couragiously indured punishment , and made the number increase . Hist. of the Counc . of Trent . l. 5. p. 418.

Augerius Busbequius , a great Embassadour and a Learned man , skilfull in the In legationibus enituit , quarum imprimis insignes fuere Constantino politana & Amasiana . Plurima cum Graeca tum Latina M●SS . volumina , media in Graecia collecta in Caesaream Viennae Austriae Bibliothecam intulit . Swerti● A the 〈…〉 lg ▪ Prandium mihi hodie apud heroëm ( non enim virum dixerim ) Busbequium , post prandium longiuscu●ae ●●iam fabulae ( sed de literis ) ut apud illum solet . Lips . Epist. Cent. 1. Ep. 5. In Busbequii morte , & tal● morte , i●●●●●● meo dolui servatum huic virum per tot discrimina apud exteros , apud barbaros ut in limine ferè patriae 〈◊〉 manibus ( ita audimus ) periret . Lips . Epist. Cent. 2. Epist. 99. Abrah. Ortel . Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 60 & Au●●rti Miraei Elogia Belgica . Dec. 9. Civil Law and all Philosophy .

He hath written most elegant Latine Epistles and most pleasant to reade concerning the Turks .

Besides the Greek and Latine tongue , he was so exactly skilled in the Italian , Spanish , French , German and Illyrick tongue , that any of them might seem to him vernacula .

Ioannes Busaeus , a most Learned Papist .

Iohn Buxtorf , the Father and Sonne . Buxtorfius in admi●ādo opere Syntactico , quod Cl. Lud. de Dieu sibi Clavem Scripturae Biblicae esse adfirmat , ac omnibus Theologiae studiosis commendat . Dilh. Disput. Acad. Tomo 2 do .

The Learned works of the Father discover his great abilities and ●kill in the Hebrew Tongue , and give great light to many places of Scripture .

Epistolarum decas , cum notis .

Tiberias , sive Comment. Masorethicus .

Biblia Sac. Hebr. & Chald. cum Masora .

Lexicon Chaldaicum & Syriacam .

Synagoga Iudaica .

Concordantiae Bibliorum Hebr.

De Abbreviaturis Hebraicis ▪

Thesaurus Grammaticus Linguae Sanctae : and other Learned Works of the same nature .

Daniel Tossanus Orat. de Vita & obitu Johannis Buxtorfii mentions Commentarium Buxtorfii Lexicon Chaldaicum , Talmudicum & Rabbinicum , opus XXX annorum cui nihil tale sol unquam aspexit aut simile . So one , whose name I forgot to write . Buxtorfius in admirando Lexici Rabbinici & Talmudici opere . Dilh Disputat . Acad. Tom. 2. Chaldaicum notas Criticas accuratissimas in paraphrasin Chaldaicam Bibliorum Hebraeorum continentem , which I hope his Learned Sonne will shortly publish , I having seen , or heard at least , something in a letter from him lately to that purpose .

Young Buxtorf is Paternae eruditionis ex asse haeres : as his Dissertations and Answers to Capellus shew .

CHAP. IX . C

THomas de Vio Cajetanus , an Italian and a Cardinall . Vir meo judicio quamvis Papista tamen candidus , plurimumque distans ab ea pertinacia quam in reliquis deplorare cogimur . C●am . de Canone Tom. 1. l. 12. c. 1.

A man very well read in Divinity , having studied it even from a childe , who for the happiness of 〈…〉 wit , and for his laborious diligence , became the prime Divine of that and many more ages , unto whom there was no Prelate or person in the Councell who would not yield in Learning , or thought himself too good to learn of him .

This Cardinall , going Legate to Germany in the year 1523. studying exactly how those that erred might be reduced to the Church , and the Arch-heretiques convinced , found out the true remedy , which was , the literall meaning of the text of the Scripture in the Originall Tongue in which it was written , and all the residue of his life , which was 11 years , he gave himself to the study of the Scripture , expounding not the Latine Translation , but the Hebrew Roots of the Old , and the Greek of the New Testament . In which Tongues , having no knowledge himself , he imployed men of understanding , who made construction of the Text unto him word by word , as his Works upon the holy Texts do shew . That good Cardinall was wont to say , that to understand the Latine text , was not to understand the infallible Word of God , but the word of the Translator , subject and obnoxious unto errour . Hist. of the Counc . of Trent , l. 2. p. 155.

Cajetane is commended for an incomparable Divine by Sixtus Senensis Bibl. 4. Vide Leaud . Alberti Des●r . cot . Ital. Tit. Thomas , and for the most Learned man of his time by Pererus the Jesuite , Comment. in illa verba Gen. Creavit Deus , &c. Vide Leand. Albert. Descript. tot . Ital. & Gerh. l. 2. Cathol. Confess . Art. 1. c. 1.

P. Victor Cajetanus Palma .

He hath put out Paradigmata de quatuor Linguis Orientalibus Praecipuis .

Ioannes Caius , a Learned Doctor of Physick of Cambridge .

He hath written a Book de Libris propriis , and besides Commentaries or Annotations upon divers Physick Books , and other Books Translated or Corrected by him : He mentions these ,

De Medendi Mothode . Two books .

De Ephemera Britannica . Three books .

De Antiquitate Cantabrig . Academiae . Two books .

De Historia Cantabrig . Academiae . Two books .

De Rariorum animalium atque stirpium Historia . One book .

De Symphonia vocum Britannicarum . One book .

De Thermis Britannicis . One book .

De Antiquis Britanniae urbibus . One book .

De Libris propriis ▪ One book .

De Pronunciatione Graeca & Latinae Linguae cum scriptione nova . One book .

De Annalibus Collegii . One book .

De Annalibus Collegii Gonevilli & Caii . One book .

Compendium Erasm. lib. de vera Theologia . One book .

Iulius Casar , a great Conquerer , and as great a Scholar . Xenophon and Caesar wrote their own acts so wisely , and without all suspicion of partiality , as none hath been so upright in writing the histories of others . Caesars Commentaries are to be read with all curiosity , wherein is seen the unspotted propriety of the Latine Tongue , even when it was at the highest pitch . Aschams Schoolmaster 2 d part . See more there . Vide Strad . prolus. l. 2 , 3. Hist. part . 2. Iulius Caesar , Scriptor est purns & elegans , inque verborum structura accuratus , omnino placidi instar fluminis procurrens : interea 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , ac gravis in sententils : quo Xenophontem exsuperat : caeteroquin ei non dissimilis multum . Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 2 c. 13. Vide plura ibid. Duae namque sunt A quilae solae in natura rerum : altera bellicae laudis , altera literariae : Illa potentiae , haec sapientiae . Caesar & Aristoteles . Unicus poetieae Sireno phoenix , Virgilius . Scalig. de Subtil . Ad Cardan . 194.

He hath published his own Acts both truly and purely . His Commentaries shew his great Eloquence .

Gest a not asse opus est ingens , gessisse notanda . Majus opus : princeps Caesar utrunquefacit .

Manutius in his Preface on Caesars Commentaries much commends Caesar and his Commentaries .

Huic ipsi Caesari , atque iterum Terentio , ob proprietatem ac nativam Romani sermonis elegantiam , proximum post Tullium damus locum , Voss. Institut. Orat. l. 4. c. 1. Sect. 9.

In procinctu , ac pene in acie quoque ipsa rerum suarum Commentarios ita diligenter conficiebat : ut nihil a quo quam tam putetur accurate prescriptum : quod non illorum purissima elegantia superetur . Polit. Epist. l. 10. Epist. 1.

Domitius Calderinus Veronensis . Vir sane non indoctus , floruit ante annos 100.

He was a good Grammarian . He hath published three books of Observations , a Comment on Martiall , and Notes on Ovids Epistles .

Vir fuit acris ingenii , multaeque in literis industriae , Latinae linguae diligentissimus , Non libenter audiebat missas , ut scriptores quidam ( inter quos & Vives ) testantur . Cumque aliquando ab amicis invitus ad eas pertraheretur , solitus erat dicere ; Eamus sane ad communes errores . Sentiebat igitur , missam esse quendam errorem , in quo plerique homines vehementer errarent . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. Vide Volat. Anthropol . l. 21. Graecae non incuriosus : non prosam condere absurdus , non carmen . Nimium sui tamen ( quod opera ipsius testantur ) admirator , ac pro sententiae cui semel adhaeserat , etiam contra verum contumax , & refractarins . Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1. c. 9. Vide plura ibid. & Epist. l. 3. Epist. 19.

Ambr. Calepinus . Quidam lib●i ejusmodi sunt ut semel arque iterum aucti , locupletari tamen atque ornari deinde possint , quo ex genere bonum fatum Calepinus sortitus est , cui quotidie fere omnes homines de suo largiantur : Certe enim illius Dictionarium , quod nunc emittimus , non tam ipsius industria , quam aliorum labore studioque in tantam altitudinem excrevit . Manut. Praefat. in Calep. Nostrum in hoc opere proprium illud putamus , quòd cùm alii in addendo supra modum curiosi fuerint , ut liber excresceret : nos contrà , ne quid praeter rem adderemus , superstitiosi fuimus , nec minus in exsecando diligentes ▪ Id ▪ ibid.

There is his Dictionarium Latino Graecum cum addit . Pauli Manutii .

Dictionarium 10 Linguarum .

Georgius Calixtus , a most learned man .

Professor Theologus Helmstadiensis .

Theologorum Germaniae nostrae bodie princeps & sine pari , Georgius Calixtus , amicus , & olim Collega noster non è multis . Meibomii Maecenas c. 24.

He hath written an Harmony styled Concordia quatuor Evangelicorum Scriptorum , and Tractatus de arte nova .

Iohn Calvin . Illustris vir , nec unquam sine summi honoris praefatione nominandus . Episc. And. de usuris Theol. Det. Ejus vita fuit singulare honestaris & pietatis exemplum . Homo zelo domus Dei ardens , & à vitiis non modò alienus , sed etiam eis infestus , vigiliis & labore morbum contraxit , & sub oculis amicorum , quos prolixè ad pietatem & tolerandam Christi crucem hortatus est , obdormivit in Domino , vix habens in bonis unde possit Curari funus : Nam tota vita erga pauperes liberalis , erga seipsum parum suerat . Cujus scripta spitant merum . Dei timorem , & Zelum pro Dei Ecclesia . Nec quisquam adversariorum quos habuit innumeros , carpfit ejus mores praeter Hieronymum Bolsecum medicum perditissimum nebulonem qui instigatore Calvino pulsus Geneva ob scelera ▪ vitam Calvini confarcinavit , in qua effudit in virum sanctum plaustera Convitiorum & Mendaciorum . Molin . Hyperaspistes , l. 1. c. 12. Io Calvi●us acri vir ac vehementi ingenio & admirabili facundia praeditus ▪ inter Protestantes magni nominis theologus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 35.

One of the soundest Divines and of deepest judgement in matters of Religion , both of Doctrine and of Discipline that God gave to his Church this 1000 years . Mr Travers .

Steven Pasquier a French Writer and a Papist doth much extoll his Piety , Wit and Learning , in his Recherches de la France , l. 8. ch. 55. Estoit-il homme bien escrivant tant en Latin que Francois , & anquel nostre langue Francoise est grande ment redeuable pour l'avoir enrichie d' vne infinite des beaux traicts et à la mieme volanté que c'eust estè au meilleur subiet : An demeurant homme merueilleusement versé et nourry aux liures de la saincte escriture , et tel que s'il cast tournè son esprit à la bonne voye , il pouuoit estre mis an parangon de plus signalez Docteurs de l' Eglise .

He was a good Writer both in Latine and French , and one to whom our French Language is exceedingly obliged , for having enriched it with many good Treatises ; and I would they had been upon a better subject . He was marvellously versed and skilled in the books of the holy Scripture , and such a one that if he had turned his spirit the good way , he might have been set for a Paragon of the most famous Doctors of the Church . This and more he hath there of him .

I willingly acknowledge him to have been an excellent instrument in the Church of God , and a man of a deep judgement , specially in the Exposition of holy Scripture ( which I think none condemn more then those who have read him least ) yet withall I freely confess he had his errours . Dr Hackw . Apol. l. 5.

Suos naevos haebuit , quanquam in doctrina sua nihil penitus mutavit , quod rarum est in eo presertim qui tam multa scripserit . Mori Calvinus . Vide plura ibid.

His Works have been so profitable to the Church of God that they have been in France , Germany , Italy , Spain , Transylvania , Polonia , England , Scotland . His Institutions and Commentaries upon almost all the Scripture , are generally well esteemed .

One writes thus of his Institutions ,

Praeter Apostolicas post Christi tempora chartas Huic peperere libro , secula nulla parem .

His French Works are mentioned by Antoine Du Verdier in his Bibliotheque ▪

None hath more solidly refuted the Libertines then he .

Sethus Calvisius Cantor , a Learned Chronologer . Vide Ios. Scal. Epist. l. 2. Epist. 115. & 117. & l. 3. Epist. 240. & l 4. Ep. 308. & 404. Sethus Calvisius nuperâ suae Chronologiae Editione , operosam adeo diiigentiam adhibuit , ut nihil quicquam omiserat quo verum Historiae tempus exquisitè doceatur . Whear de methodo legendi histor. parte 1a. a. Sect. 6. Unus tandem , qui instar omnium erit , acuratissimus & ha●um literarum peritissimus Sethus Calvisius Germanus nuper eruditissimum & consummatissimum Chronicon edidit , quod totum rationum nostrarum insistit munimentis . Est opus aeternitate dignum . Ios. Scaliger . Epist. l. 4 Epist. Posth . 439. Vide ejus opusc .

Giraldus Cambrensis .

There is Rerum Hibernicarum appendix eum Ric. Stanhurst . Unicum illud & incomparabile opus quo Britanniae nostrae Antiquitatē & ●uae Antiquitati Britanniam restituit , quo pulcherrimam terram ( à toto orbe divisam ) toti terrarum orbi conspicuam & illustrem reddidit : hoc uno opere quid luculentius , quid limatius , quid accuratius , vel Pausanias , vel Strabo , vel quivis alius veteram Geographorum dare potuit . Whear Orat. Funeb . Munus à re accepi , vir ornatissime , per mihi gratum , Britaniam tuam : quam illustrasti ingenii & industriae clara face . Multum patria tibi debet multum exteri nos , qui per te pulcherrimam insulam videmus etiam cum non videmus . Perge in hoc & simili studiorum genere , quod abesse non potest quin tibi famàm , posteris aeternum ferat fructum . Lips . Epist Cent. 1. Ep. 24. Annales Elizabethae perficit Cumdenus stylo tam plenè regio , tam undequaque & rei & sibi conscio , quasi virginalem tantae majestatis splendorem libro suo maritare statuisset , ut pari ●amae consortio semper audiant Elizabetha & Camdenus Orat. Townley in memoriam Camdeni . In quo opere perfectae Historiae numeros omnes reperiti haud credo quenquam esse qui diffitebitur . Whear . Orat. Funeb .

William Camden , our British Pausanias .

He that is studious of the British History , let him in the first place reade Camdens Britain , where ( besides a most accurate description of the whole Island ) he may learn the name of Britany , the manners of the Britains , and the History of the Romans in Britain , and many other things most worthy to be known , gathered summarily out of the incorrupt Monuments of ancient Antiquity .

His Annals also of the English and Irish affairs in the Reign of Q. Elizabeth , are excellent .

He was Schoolmaster of Westminster School , and his Monument is in Westminster Abbie .

He lost a Scholars place in Oxford in Queen Maries daies , because of his Religion .

Pope Urbane the 8th , who had the Pictures of divers Learned men in his Gallery , had only the Pictures of two English men , Sir Thomas Moore and Master Camden .

The first Learned man which Peireskius met with in England was William Camden , ille de sua Britannia bene meritus . Gassend . De Vita Peireskii , l. 2.

Ioach. Camerarius . He was the great honour of Germany . Excellentissimu● Graecanicae linguae in●●●pres Bortramus in Matth. ●9 . 24. Grati mihi semper Camara●ii , ob unum i●ium virum quem Germania vestra habuit sine pa●i , & tu merito inter eos . Lips Epist. Cent. 1. Ep. 75. Ioach. Camer Doctori medico . Eo provectus es eruditionis , ut communi doctorum omnium confensu peritiorem linguae Graecae neminem , in Latina verò lingua dise●●iores per paucos ▪ exactiorem au●em nullum scriptorem habuerit ▪ Go●mania , sicut plurima ipsius monumenta testan●ur . Vide Thuan. Hist. Tomo 3 tio l. 59 Papeberga , patria de literis optimè meriti Ioachimi Camerarii . Quantus autem vit fuerit Ioachimus Camerarius in omni doctrinarum eruditarum genere , docere possunt libri ejus multi erudi●i & varii in publicum hactenus editi , cum etiam edendi deinceps à filiis ejus doctrina omnigena , dignitate atque autoritate praestantibus , viris Clarissimis a que Celeberrimis , Ioachimo medicinae doctore ac Reipub. N●●●●urgensis Medico , & Philippo●u riusque Juris Doctore , & ejusdem Reipub. Consilatio dignissimo , & Ludovit● Camerariis , Dominis atque amicis nostris Colendi●simis . Neand. Geog. parte 1 ● .

He was exquisitely skilled in the Greek Tongue , a godly and wise man .

Adhane autem in omnibus bonis disciplinis eruditionem accesserat pietas singularis , prudentia longo rerum usu confirmata . Bez. Icon. Vir. Illust.

Ioachimus plus habere videtur curae quam naturae . Eras. Epist. l. 26. Epist. 45.

I pray to God continually ( saith Casaubon , Epist. Append. Ep. 88. Georgio Remo ) ut excitet Camerarios in vestra Germania in nostra Gallia Scaligeros : that he would ●●ise up Camerarii in your Germany , Scaligers in our France .

Vivet viri illius , & aetatem florebit lau● intemerata , nec quisquam erit , qui hoc publicum ipsius Elogium . Optimum & Doctissimum Seculi sui fuisse , unquam queat ●ripere . Dilher . D●sput . Acad. Dissertat 18. de Censoribus .

Philippus Camerarius . Magni illius Io●chimi filius Ph●lippus Camerarius , vir pietate eximia , opere horarum succisivarum insignis ▪ Scultetus de Curriculo vitae . Philippus Camerarius Bononiensis dictus , vir gravis & litteratus , ac proxima cognatione Katharinae Reginae conjuictus , Romae o●●●c . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 6.

His Historicall meditations are larger in Latine then English , and of good use .

Iohn Cameron , a Learned Scotchman , as his Praelectiones , Myrothecium Evangelicum , opuscula Miscellanea , and his Amica ▪ Collatio de Gratiae & voluntatis humanae concursu in vocatione de Gratia & Libero Arbitrio , and other Works shew .

Io. Camers . Iohannes dictus Camers , ordinis minorum monachus , non solum divinis verum etiam humanis litteris eruditissimus , uti ejus opera perhibent . Albe●● . Lea●d . Descrip● . Ital.

There is Tabula Cebetis of his .

Thomas Campanella . Scripsit ab anno aetatis vigessimo , non quae ab aliis scripta eran● , sed in hoc incumbens , ut nova in omnibus ferè scientiis excogitaret . Ea à nonnullis in IX . Tom. dictingui intellexi Leonis Allat●● Apes urbanae . Scripsit ingens opus , de reformatione scientiarum , decem in codices divisum , quorum singuli plurimas in partes distribuuntur , unde nihil acutissimo ingenio homini tam fuisse propositum apparet , quam relictis veteribus viis , ad omnium scientiarum notitiam , novum atque directum iter aperire . Iam. Nicii Erythrai Pina●otheca .

He hath written De sensu rerum & magia lib. 4.

Apologia pro Galilaeo .

Prodromus Philosophiae restaurandae .

Astrologicorum , lib. 7.

Philosophia sensibus demonstrata .

Qu●st . Philologicae , Polit. morales .

Metaphisicarum , l. 18.

Thomas Campegius .

He hath written De Pastorum residentia .

De Rom. Pontifice cum aliis opusc .

De Auctoritate S. Conciliorum Varia opuscula , and other Treatises . Salisburgensis Episcopus & Cardinalis , suopte ingenio properus notescere annos tantum natus 19. Patavii Ju● Caesareum incredibili auditorum admiratione , una cum patre Ioaune Campegio , cujus opera in precio sunt , publicè professus est . Nome●cla● . Sanctae Roman . Eccles. Cardinal .

Laur. Campegius .

There is his Oratio ad ordines Imperii .

Ioannes Campensis . Grammatica Hebraica Psalmi juxta Hebraicam vetitatem . Lat. Paraphrasis .

His Hebrew Grammer and Learned Paraphrase upon the Psalms and Ecclesiastes according to the Hebrew are published .

Edm Campian , a good Orator .

Tanto Bellarmino inferior eruditione atque doctrina quanto superior cura verborum . Rainold . de lib. Apoc. Tomo primo praelect. 11.

Though the Papists * * Edmundus Campianus natione Anglus , patria Londinensis , omnium opinione Martyr Christi inclytus , & nostri saeculi Clarissimus . Rationes decem oblati certaminis in causa fidei , reddi●ae Academicis Anglis . In hoc exiguo libello vix credi potest , quàm multa fidei dogmata paucissimis verbis prestringat ; quanta eloquentia ingenii vi & perspicacia , quanto rerum coacervatarum numero ac pondere obruat adversarios . Biblioth. Scriptorum Societat . Jesu A Philippo Alegambe edita . brag much of him , yet our Learned Whitaker hath sufficiently refuted him .

Angelus Caninius , a good Linguist , as his Works shew . Vir Linguarum non solùm Graecae & Hebraicae , sed Syriacae & aliarum Orientalium ●arâ & exquisitâ cognitione insignis . Thuan. Hist. Tomo 1. l. 13.

Grammaticorum eruditissimus , so he is styled by Downes in his Notes on Chrysostome .

Henricus Canifius and Petrus Canisius , both Learned men . Henricus Petri societ . Jesu Theologi è fratre nepos .

Petrus Canisius , his Catechism is much approved of by some . Primus liber qui à Societate sesu prodiit . Raynaud . Erot. De malis ac bonis libris partit . Erot. 19. Valeri Andreae Biblioth. Belg. Ferdinando Caesari imprimis , Charus acceptusque , cujus etiam auctoritate ac jussu Catechismum verè aureum bono publico conscripsit : quem civis ejus ac propinquus Petrus Busaeus Soc. ejusdem Theologus citatis è SS. Patribus integrè locis , mirisicè illustravit . Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica .

CHAP. X.

GUliel . Canterus , he is preferred before his brother . Natus est Anno Dom. 1542.

Besides his own Belgick Tongue , he was skilled in Latine , Greek , Hebrew , the Germane , French and Italian .

Siquis absolutum specimen desideret hominis studiosi , & ejus qui literis Suffrid . Pet. De Script . Fris. promovendis totus se consecravit , in Gulielmo Cantero ad amussim expressum reperiat . Suffrid . Pet. de Script . Fris. Vide Thuan. Hist. tom. 3. l. 61.

Besides his Novae lectiones the third time reviewed and inlarged , he wrote Notes upon Tullies Offices and Epistles , Scholia upon Propertius , and he turned the Works of divers out of Greek into Latine . Bononiae Carolo Sigonio usque adeo gratus fuit , ut Novas ei Lectiones inscribendas putarit . ●ub . Mir. Elog. Belg. Extant ejus Novarum lectionum libri octo , in quibus cum plurimis ac diversissimis authoribus integritatem suam restituat , quantus ipse librorum helluo fuerit , declaravit . Suffridus Petrus de Scriptoribus Frisiae .

His Works are mentioned by Suffridus Petrus .

Theodorus Canterus the others brother . Studiorum cursus ubique pene par fuit . Suffridus Petrus de Scriptoribus Frisiae . Doctissimus adolescens Lambertus Canterus , patre Theodoro , patruoque Gulielmo dignissimus . asaub. Anima●vers . in lib. 1. Sueton.

He hath published a Book styled Variae Lectiones , and Arnobius with his own Annotations .

Melchior Canus , a Spaniard . Inferiour to none in the Church for Learning , Melchioris Cani scriptum de locis Theologicis multa eruditione refertum est . Voct Biblioth. l. 2. Sect. poster . c. 1. Summus Theologus & moderatissimus vir . Montacut . Antidiat . Ejus loci Communes è foecundo , erudito , & facundo ingenio prodierunt , en commendandi magis , quod ipse nostra aetate , primus ea brevitate , copia , dispositione , ac perspicuitate de iis perutiliter egerit . Posseo . Apparat. Sac. Tomo ● d● . and for a Papist a man of a singular ingenuity . Dr Iacks . Comment. on the Creed , Vol. 1. l. 3. c. 13.

His Common places are most esteemed .

Whear in his Method of reading , Hist. parte 1a , Sect. 33. saith , Melchior Canus magni nominis apud pontificios ( nec immerito ) Theologus .

He is commended by the Jesuite Pererius ( tom . in Dan. l. 12. c. 6. ) for the most famous Divine that was in the Councell of Trent , who explained the mysteries of the holy Scripture more fully then any since his time .

Hieronymus Capivacceus or Capinacca , a famous Professor of Physick in Padua .

Iacobus Cappellus , he was elder brother to Lodovicus Capellus . Jacobi Capelli ( viri multae eruditionis , & harum literarum callentissimi ) Historiam Sacram & Exoticam accuratâ quidem diligentia ad temporum rationem concinnatam , merita sua laude neutiquam privandam censeo . Whear ▪ Method . legendi Histor. parte 2 d● sect. 6.

His Historia sacra exotica ab Adamo usque ad Augustum is most approved .

He hath written de Mensuris Observationes in 〈…〉 lam ad Hebraeos .

Apologie pour les Eglises Reformees .

Ludovicus Capellus , a great Hebrician now living at Somers in France . In quo nescio magi●ne indefeslam sedulitatem mirari debeam : an uberrimam eruditionem , an judicium limatissimum , quae tres laudes in hoc opere ita inter se certant , ut in ambiguo maneat cui de tribus prima palma debeatur . Grotius Epist. ad Gallos . Contentus esto magnis potius quam multis laudatoribus . Id. ib.

His Critica Sacra are more commended by Grotius , then by some of his own Countrymen , and other Learned and Orthodox Writers .

Vir summus meus olim praeceptor . Bocharti Geograph . Sac. parte prior . l 2. c. 8.

His Spicilegium and Diatriba de Voto Iephtae are well liked .

Ludovicus Carbo . Vir in Rhetorum lectione multum versatus , nec malè de arte ea meritus . Voss. de Analog . lib. 1. cap. 48.

Many of his Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue .

Hier. Cardanus , he was a great Scholar , but some much dislike his XII . geniturae Scripsit Hieronymus Cardanus doctissimè Mathematica plurima , medicinam tamen profitetur Rami Schol. Mathem . l. 3. Mathematum insignis cultor & explicator , supra cae●eros , propter edita ingenii monumenta innumera toti terrarum Orbi probata , praeconiis efferendus . Tomas . Illust Vir. Elog. Romae magni nominis sive Mathematicus sive medicus Hieronymus Cardanus Mediolano natus hoc anno obiit . Varia ejus vita , ut mores , pluraque ipse de se inaudita in viro literas professo simplicitate seu libertate scripsit , quam Curiosus quisquam a me exigat . Romae eum diverso ab aliis cultu incedentem paucis ante obitum annis conspicati & adlocuti ac saepius admirati sumus , cum celeberrimi tot scriptis hominis recordatio subiret , neque tamen quidquam in eo quod tantae famae responderet , animadverteremus , eoque magis Iulii Caesaris ▪ caligeri judicium suspeximus , quidivinum ingenium suum in opere de subtilitate exagitando praecipuè exercuit , in aequalitate illius diligenter notata , qui in quibusdam interdum plus homine sapere , in pluribus minus pueris intelligere videatur . In arithmeticis multa Conatus est & invenit . , judiciariae quam vocant , fidem apud multos struxit , dum certiora per eam , quam ex arte possint , plerunque promeret . Verum extremae amentiae fuit imo impiae audaciae astrorum Commentiis legibus verum astrorum Dominum velle subjicere , quod ille tamen exarata Servatoris nostri genitura fecit , tandem cum tribus diebus minus septuagesimum quintum annum implevisset , eodem , quo prae dixerat anno & die , videlicet XI . Kal. octobr . defecit , ob id , ne falleret , mortem suam inedia accelerasse creditus . Thuan. Hist. tomo 3 tio l. 62. exemplares , wherein he speaks strangely of his good and evil qualities , he cast also our Saviour Christs Nativity , shewd that he should be a Prophet , and die a violent death Cardanus eo dementiae fuit progressus , ut horoscopum Christi ex astrorum positu meditatus sit , & ex sinistris quibusdam aspectibus nato Christo natis fataele illi praedixerit crucis suspendium . Alsted . Encyclop . l. 32. c. 10.

His Books de Subtilitate and Varietate are most commended .

He wrote a Book de libris propriis . Imitatus sum ( saith he ) in hoc scribendi genere Galenum , & Erasmum , qui ambo catalogum librorum suorum scripserunt .

George Carleton , he was one of our Divines of Great Britain that was at the Synod of Dort .

His Consensus Ecclesiae Catholicae contra Tridentinos , and his Jurisdiction Regall , Episcopall and Papall are most commended , though he hath published other Works .

Iohn Carion .

His Chronicle with the additions of Philip Melancthon and Gaspar Peucer is commended , and was highly esteemed by Mr Bolton .

Carolus M. Charles the Great , Anno Dom. 800. Illud verò ineptius visum est , quod Carolum magnum ( qui quam Monarchiam vocant primus occupavit ) natione Gallum , in Gallia natum , lingua quoque moribus & institutis Gallorum una cum suis majoribus educatum , modo Germanum . modo Alemanum vocant . Tam etsi enim à Francis veterum Gallorum colonis originem plerique traxisse putent , non tamen negant quin Gallorum armis ac legionibus . Germaniam , Italiam & magnam Hispaniae partem cum imperio Gallorum conjunxerit ac primogenitis Galliam , velut Imperii sedem , alias aliis regiones ab hoc Imperio avulsas dederit , quousque Henricus Auceps natione Germanus , Regem se ferens , Germaniam hujus Imperii partem occupavit . Bodi● . Method . Histor. Vide illum de Repub. l. 1. c. 7. Carolus Imperator magnus Natione Alemannus , vir virtute & conversatione Christianissimus & in sanctorum numerum non immerito relatus , in scripturis divinis studiosissimus , & in secularibus literis egregiè doctus , ingenio sub●ilis , eloquio clarus & disertus , & mult●rum linguarum cognitione insignis , Graecae , Latinae & Hebraicae peritus , nequaquam a catalogo illustrium virorum Germaniae rejiciendus . Enimvero artes liberales studiosissimè coluit , earumque doctores plurimum veneratus magnis afficiebat honoribus . Trithem . Catal. Vir. Illust. Vide plura ibid.

Heros verè magnus , veritate , pietate , sapientia , eruditione & rerum gestarum celebritate nulli cedens . Helv. Chron.

He was Learned in the Greek and Latine Languages , Philosophy , the Mathematicks , and other Sciences he called his pastimes .

A Prince great in Warre and Peace , a great favourer of Justice and Learning , without question the greatest of all Emperours since Constantine the Great , the Phoenix of Germany , another Romutus , and Lycurgus . Ioachimus Camerarius makes a rhetoricall comparison between Charles the Great and Augustus Caesar. Pezel Mellif . Histor. parte ter 〈…〉

Every Calling hath a promise from God , which Charles the Great exprest in this verse ,

Nenti fila Deus mentem conjungit Olympo .

Carolus quintus , King of France .

He reigned about the year of our Lord 1360. He was called Charles the Wise , for his great Wisdom and Piety , and especially because he caused the holy Scriptures to be translated into the Vulgar Language , that the common people might understand them . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit.

Exercitui raro praesse solebat ; aut si praelium conserendum esset , periculo sese subducebat ; ac propterea Sapiens est appellatus . Bod. De Repub. l. 5. c. 4.

Carolus nonus , Charles the 9th , King of France , Anno 1560. Princeps praeclara indole & magnis virtutibus praeditus , nisi quatenus eas prava educatione & matris indulgentia corrupit , fuit in eo elatus & fortunae par animus , ingenium juxta sagax & acutum , mascula facundia , prudentia supra aetatem , quae plerumque in vafritiem degenerabat : acre in aliorum ingeniis dignoscendis judicium : magna in dispensandis beneficiis cura , & in pensitandis cujusque meritis morositas ; ut ab aulicis virtutes ad inexhaustas capiditates suas metientibus minus ob id liberalis haberetur . Caetero qui ad iracundiam praeceps fuit , quae violenta & assidua equitatione ac vigiliis alebatur , & licet summus natura dissimulator esset , nonnunquam per intervalla in furorem erumpebat . Unicam puellam Aurelianensem adamasse toto vitae tempore compertus est , ex qua Carolum Arvernorum c●mitem suscepit . Modicus ut cibi sic & somni , quem etiam nocturni horrores post casum Sanbartholomaeum plerumque interrumpebant , & rursus adhibiti symphoni●ci pueri expergefacto Conciliabant . Musica & Poetica summo perede●ectabatur . Thua● . Hist. Tomo 3 ●io Lib. 57.

His Life is written by Papyrius Massonius .

He was a Prince that had excellent naturall gifts , but mingled with vices , wherewith his Governours and Schoolmasters had corrupted his young minde , which at the first was more virtuously inclined , delighting in Musick and Poetry . But as he was a great Hunter , that lov'd to shed the blood of wilde beasts , so he suffered also ( during his reign ) the Protestants blood to be shed , and in revenge thereof in his sickness before his death , great store of blood issued out by vomiting , and by other passages of his body in the two last weeks of his sickness , wherein he endured as much pain and torment , as the strength of youth could suffer in the last pangs of death .

Andrew Melvin hath these verses to Charles the 9th , dying with an unusuall flux of blood ,

Naribus , or● , oculis , atque auribus ; undique , & an● , Et pene erumpit qui tibi , Carle , cruor . Non tuus iste cruor sanctorum at caede cruorem Quem ferus hausisti , concoquere haud poteras .

Nath. Carpenter an able Scholar , as his Geography and Philosophia libera shew . Nobilis Cartesius , Philosopharum hoc aevo Coryphaeus , omni laude dignus propter acumen & solertiam , & heroicos conatus in promovendo Philosophico studio . Mares . Theol. Elenchtic . Nova Synops. Tomo 2 do Controvers. 21. Des Cartez , Heereboord in his Epistola Dedicat. to his select Disputat . ex Philos. hath a great commendation of him .

Dionysius Carthusiensis .

For his singular holiness of life he was called Doctor 〈…〉 taticus .

He wrote divers Works , which are in twelve Volumes .

Thomas Cartwright , a Learned and Pious Divine , honourably mentioned by Thomas Cartwrictus ob Commentationes in Proverbia Salomonis , & in Harmoniam Evangelicam , in qua non solum acumen viri sed & vitae sanctitas mirè elucer , omnibus doctis amabilis . Laeti Compend . H●st . Universal . Protestants of other Countries .

His Evangelicall Harmony , Comment on Proverbs and Ecclesiastes , Confutation of the Rhemists Translation , Glosses and Annotations , Reply to B. Whitgift , Commentaria practica in totam historicam Evangelicam , and other Works shew his great abilities .

Christopher Cartwright .

A Learned , Pious Divine of Peter-house in Cambridge , not only well skilled in the three Learned Languages , Hebrew , Greek and Latine , but also well versed in the Hebrew Rabbins , for which he is honourably mentioned by Voetius in the last Edition of his Bibliotheca , and his Annotations on Genesis and Exodus are well liked by the Learned generally . Mr Pocok styles him Virum eruditssimum , in not . Miscel. c. 4.

Bartholomaeus Casa . Bartholomaeus Casa ▪ peculiari libro Castellanorum horrendas lanienas , & Indorum immanissimas interneciones descripsit . Carion . Chron. in Carolo 5 to . Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. lib. 54. Chiappiae praesul à sacris Caroli V. Confessionibus , petiit ut occupato bellis Europae Caesare miserorum interea Indorum ratio haberetur , & diligenti ab ipso pe●quisitione facta constitit , in una in u●a Hispaniola multa millia hominum inaudita , novo●um hospitum barbarie misere paucorum annorum spatio extincta esse . Addunt praeterea rem dictu soedam & horroris execrandi plenam , viros eo desparationis adactos , ut ex compacto deinceps a concubi u naturali cum uxoribus abstinuerint , ne liberos sub Hispanorum potestate futuros generarent , eoque factum esse ut tractu temporis tam frequens populo locus ad solitudinem sit redactus . Thuan. Hist. tomo 4 to lib. 84.

He hath explained this question , Utrum Reges vel Principes jure aliquo , & salvâ conscientia cives a regia Corona alienare possint .

Iohn de Casa Archbishop of Benevent .

He wrote a Book in Italian rime , wherein he praiseth and exalteth that horrible Ioannes Casa Archiepiscopus B●●even●anus , Pontificis apud Ven●●os legatus , horrendo scelere , plus quam detestanda impudentia , id celebrate est ansus , quod nefand● quidem pudor ipse nominari sustinet . Foxus contra Osor. lib. 3. pag. 253. Vide Sleid. Comment. lib. 21. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. lib. 16. sinne of Sodomitry , and names it a Divine work , and affirmeth he took great pleasure therein .

He hath written the life of Bembus and Gasp. Contarenus .

Then the question was ( saith Thuanus ) concerning Claudius Espencaeus a Divine of Paris , and Iohn Case the Popes Secretary , about making them Cardinals : Nobleness of birth and learning , commended both of them , although different , for one of them being brought up in the study of Divinity , grew old in his profession , the other in eloquence and in the skill of writing elegant Latine , was to be compared with the Ancients ; but their manners were very different , Espencaeus excelled in holiness of life and chastity of manners , but Casa in licentiousness , and using the liberty of the place in which he lived , he led his life wantonly , therefore both of them were accused to the Pope by their Competitors ; Espencaeus , that he had in a Sermon spoken disgracefully of the golden Legend , as they commonly call it , and that he said it was rather to be called an iron Legend , and afterward he was compelled publickly to recant , as Sleyden relates , the other because he was reported in his youth in verse to have praised that which is abominable , and so for severall causes , both of them lost that dignity .

Io ▪ Casus , a Learned Oxonian .

He hath put out Ethicks and Politicks and other Works .

Isaac Casaubone , a great Linguist , but a singular Grecian , and an excellent Incomparabilis vir & saèculi sui decus immortale , Isaac●s Casaubonus , nunquam sine laude nominandus , nunquam satis laudatus . Salmas . Praefat. ad Hist. August . Script . Vir longe longeque doctissimus , & mihi dum viveret , ●micissimus , meritisque in rem literariam Clarissimus , , in historicis recensendis versatissimus . Salmas . not . in Aelii Spartiani Hadrianum . Casaubono statim à teneris unguiculis sincero verae pietatis lacte imbuto suppetebat rara Linguarum Orientalium cognitio in Graecia vix secundum , nedum parem habebat . Non decrat sacrae , non decrat historicae veritatis illustrandae studium . Iac. Capel . Praefat. ad Vindic. pro Isaaco Casaub. Philologer .

He hath written in 12 Books of his Exercitat . Animadversions on those 12 Tomes of Baronius his Annals .

Scaliger in an Epistle to Casaubone , commends his Book de Satyra , and in another , his Theophrastus h●● Charecters . It were no difficult task out of Scaligers Epistles , to excerpe Elog●● upon most of Casaubons Wo●ks .

Incomparabilis vir Isacius Casaubonus divinis in Augustam historiam Commentariis . Scalig. Animadvers . in Euseb.

Nihil vidi absolutius Commentario Casauboni in Suetonium . Scalig. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 29. Vide ejus Epist. l. 1 , Ep. 35. & Epist. 40. & 50. & 92. & l. 2. Epist. 104 , & 106 , & 115 , 117. l. 3. Ep. 272. l. 4. Ep. 384.

Dr Merick Causabone is also the heir of his Fathers Learning , as his Works shew .

Georg. Cassander .

Vir doctus & moderatus . Thuanus . A man professing himself a Roman Catholick , Anno Christi nascitur M. D. XV. Graecè Latineque doctus , Grammaticus & rhetor insignis , Historicus eximius : sunt qui & inter Theologiae peritos ei locum dare velint , alii aliter de eo sentientes dicunt , quod dum haereticorum libros nimis incautò legit , eorundem erroribus se & sua contaminasse , quodque haereseos notam vix effugerit . Swertii Athenae Belgicae . Cassander revera vir probus , & candidus modestusque , & unitatis studiosus , schisma fugitans , bono animo ac sedulo egit quicquid in negotio componendarum religionum operae contulit . Ex partibus adversariorum pontificius ipse veniens , & è Castris suis longius progressus ▪ per multum itineris spatium nobis ultro obviam occurrit , amicè ad Concordiam invi●avit . Cujus spem ut faceret fiduciamque proniorem , multa deformata & reformanda agnoscit : ita plurima excusat , ut etiam alia non pauca incuset . In summa , ab hoste non potuere meliora aut molliora sperari vel expectari . Salmas . in Posthum . Grotii . Vide Thua● . Hist. Tom. 2. l. 37. though of wonderfull modesty , moderation and Learning . Mountag . Answ. to the Gagger of Protest . Sect. 36.

A man famous for his immoderate moderation in Controversall points of Religion . Smect .

He was a man of such note and eminency in his time , that two Emperours , viz. Ferdinand the first , and Maximilian the second , made choice of him above all , as a man most meet to compose ( if it might be ) the difference betwixt Protestants and them of the Church of Rome , as Dr Featly hath observed .

Cassandra Fidelis Veneta , Nata 1465. Puella doctissima . Fidelium Familia , à fide nomen adepta , primùm Mediolani ortum agnovit . Tomas . Elog.

Politian * * Epist. l. 3. Ep. 17. Certum est enim , non minus ad eam invisendam , quam ad Livium nostrum Patavinum olim , ab ultimis orbis partibus confluisse plurimos , qui sui seculi ornamentum , sexus miraculum , & ingenii monstrum depraedicabant . Tomafi●i Illust. Vir. Vitae . Vide plura ibid. writes a whole Epistle in her commendation .

He begins it thus ,

O Decus Italiae virgo : quas dicere grates : quasve referre parem : quod etiam honore me tuarum literarum non ded●gnaris : mira profecto fides : tales proficisci a foemina : quid autem a foemina dico : immo vero a puella , & virgine potuisse .

Again , At vero aetate nostra : qua pauci quoque virorum caput altius in literis extulerunt : unicam te tamen existere puellam : quae pro lana librum : pro fuso calamum : stylum pro acu tractes .

Afterwards , Scribis Epistolas Cassandra subtiles : acutas : elegantes : latinas : & quanquam puellari quadam gratia : virginali quadam simplicitate dulcissimas : tamen etiam mire graves & Cordatas . Orationem quoque tuam legimus eruditam : l●cupletem : sonoram : illustrem : plenamque laeta indolis . Sed nec extemporalem tibi deesse facultatem accepimus : quae magnos etiam oratores aliquando destituit .

Mirari equidem ante hac Ioannem Picum Mirandulam solebam : quo nec pulchrior alter mortalium nec in omnibus ( arbitror ) doctrinis excellentior . Ecce nunc etiam te Cassandra : post illum protinus caepi : fortasse jam cum illo quoque venerari .

Io. Cassianus , Anno Domini 430.

He was Chrysostoms Scholar .

Most of his Works are mentioned in Oxford and Sion-Colledge Catalogue .

M. Aurel Cassiodorus , he wrote about the year of our Lord 520 , or 530.

His Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue . Edidit Ravenna Johanneni 17. Pontificem Roma num Cassiodorum Senatorem virum doctum , elegantemque scriptorem , qui postea monachus effectus , multaque literarum monumenta reliquit . Leand. Alb. Descript. tot . Ital. in Romanula .

Petrus Cassiodorus .

He hath written de tyrannide Pontificis Romani .

Petrus Castellanus .

Aureliarum Episcopus , Francisco rege & Errico , literis in Gallia nostra velut Apollo alter praefuit . Turneb . Advers. l. 24.

He hath written four Books de Esu Carnium .

Petrus Castellanus a Learned Physitian . Vir melioris litteraturae ac reconditioris eruditionis laude insignis . Ant. Sand. De Scriptoribus Flandriae , lib. 3.

He hath written a Book entitled Vitae illustrium Medicorum veterum & recentiorum .

Alphonsus à Castro , one of the Doctors of the Councell of Trent . Hispanus natus Toleti .

He is commended by Vega for the most forcible Adversary against Luther . Vega l. 16. de Iustif.

He hath written contra Haereses .

Ambrosius Cathurinus . His Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue . Contra Tridentini Conciliabali , cui ipsemet inter fuit , decretum , ad extremum usque spiritum intrepidè asseruit , posse hominem in hac vita salutis suae certum esse . Smeton . ad Hamilton . Apostat . Orthodox . Resp.

Frier Dominicus Soto , who had a great part in the Synod of Trent , in framing the Decrees of Originall sinne , and Justification , having noted all the opinions and reasons used in those Discussions , thought to communicate them unto the world , and to draw the words of the Decree to his own meaning , printed a Book containing the whole together , and did intitle it De Natura & Gratia , and did Dedicate it with an Epistle to the Councell , to be ( as he said in the Dedication ) a Commentary of the two foresaid Decrees . Coming to the Article of the certainty of grace , he said in a long Discourse , that the Synod had declared , that a man cannot know he hath grace by so great Certainty , as is that of Faith , excluding all doubt . Catarin●s newly made Bishop of Minori , having defended the contrary , and still persevering , did print a little book , with an Epistle Dedicatory to the same Synod ; the scope whereof was , to maintain that the Councels meaning was not to condemn the opinion of him that saith A just man may know he hath grace , as certainly as he knoweth the Articles of Faith to be true : yea that the Councell hath decided that he is bound to beleeve it , because in the 26 Canon it hath condemned him that saith , That the just man ought not to hope for and expect a reward , it being necessary , that he that ought to hope as a just man , should know he is so . In this contrariety of opinions , both writing affirmatively to the Councell ; either of them did not only say that his opinion was the opinion of the Synod , but afterwards wrote also and Printed Apologies and Antipologies ; making complaints to the Synod the one of the other , of attributing that to it , which it never said , bringing divers testimonies of the Fathers to prove their own opinion : who bare witness some for one , some for another . This seemed to put all men out of hope to understand the meaning of the Councell , seeing the principall men that were present in it did not agree . History of the Counc . of Trent , l. 2. p. 229 , 230.

Cato , he was called Cato Censorius to distinguish him from Cato Uticensis . Vide elogium ejus apud Valer. Max. 1. 8. c 7.

Pliny l. 7. c. 21. gives him a threefold Elogy , he saith he was Optimus Orator , optimus Imperator , optimus Senator , the best Orator , the best Commander , the best Senator .

M. Porcius Cato Censorius , historieus eximius , & aliis quoque nominibus laudatissimus . Quis illo gravior in laudando ? acetbior in vituperando ? in sententiis argutior ? in docendo disserendoque subtilior ? Refertae sunt ejus orationes amplius centum & quinquaginta , & verbis , & rebus illustribus . Caussin . eloquent . Sac. & Human. Parallel . l. 1. c. 42. Vide Liv. Hist. l. 39. c. 40. Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 5.

Plutarch wrote his life .

Catullus * * Tu modò , qui Catu●lum ex polieris , da oper m , ut in Tibullo & Propertio , qui locum illi proximum in elegantia verborum , atque in sententiarum concinnitate obtinent ? quam simillimum tui te praebens : ita tres pulcherrimi poetae , & sine dubio inter Latinos in illo festivo genere principes , veterem suum splendorem , ereptum vetustare , atque hominum inscitia , tuo maxime studio recuperabunt . Manut. Epist. l. 3. Epist. 14. Marco Antonio Mureto . , Dulcissimus omnium poetarum & politissimus . Turneb . Advers. l. 12. c. 1.

Iacobus Cavacius . There is his Historia Caenobii D. Iustinae Patavinae .

Nemo sor●e melius nostra hac aetate monstravit quid valeat vivida , & foelix , ingenii ab ipsa natura vis , quam Iacobus Cavacius condiscipulus olim noster & amicus omnium horarum . Histeriarum libri sex brevissimo temporis intervallo absoluti , eruditorum manibus t●runtur , quos Phoenix Litteratorum Isaacus Casaubonus unicè ●●rabatur . Pignori● Miscella Elog. Adclamat . &c.

Nicol. Caussinus , a very eloquent French Papist , and yet living . Jacobus Sirmo●●us an● be were ons●ssors to Lewis the 13th , King of France .

There are these Works of his ,

Eloquentiae Sacrae & humanae Paralela .

De Symbolica Aegyptiorum Sapientia .

Polyhistor Symbolicus .

L● Co●r Saincte .

The ●u●us Graecae Poeseos .

Many of his Works are translated into English .

Aurelius Cornelius Celsus * * Latinus Hippocrates Medicis dicitur Aurelius Cornelius Celsut , quod Hippocratem fere totum in Latinam linguam converterit , & medicinam omnium Latinorum princeps ita absolverit , ut aemulari potius multi quam astequi parem laudem possent . Ejusdem medicinae libri octo adhuc excusi habentur . Neand. Geog. , a Learned Physitian . Vir in omni disciplina summus , Augusti principatu , vel Tiberii floruit . Castellanus de vitis medicorum . Vide plura ibid. Hippocrates ille Romanus .

He imitates Hippocrates , as Marcellus doth Scribonius , Virgill Homer , and Oribasius Galene , sed tam occulte , ut non facile deprehendas , nisi in Hippocrate multum sis versatus . Caius de libris propriis .

Conradus Celtes . He was in esteem in the time of Frederick the Emperour , by Couradus C●l●is era ▪ Phil●●ophus Orator , atque Mathematicus insig nis . Inprimis autem artem Poeticam excoluit , atque in usum studiosorum magnacum laude reduxit . In ea facultate cum natura etiam excelleret , à Caesare Maximiliano Poeta laureatus creatus fuit , anno aetatis trigesimo quinto , atque salutis nostrae 1494. Pantal. de Vir. Illust. patte 2 d● . Conradus Celtes homo doctissimus floruit Viennae ci●citer ante 100 annos . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. whom , through the perswasion of the Duke of Saxony , he was adorned with a Poeticall Lawrell in the 32 year of his age , and was the first of the Germanes that was honoured with this title . Boxhorn . Monum . Illust. Vir. & Elog. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 3. c. 10.

He and Eobanus Hessus were two of the most famous Poets of Germany .

He hath put out severall Works :

Index eorum omnium quae in orationem venire possunt .

De situ & moribus Germaniae .

De Conscribendis Epistolis .

Urbis Norembergae descriptio , Poemata : and other Works .

CHAP. XI .

CEnturiae Ecclesiasticae . 1555. Magdeburgenses ministri , quorum antesignanus . est Matthias Flaccus , Illyricus , Centurias divulgarunt errorum , mendaciorumque plenissimas . Geneb . Chron. l. 4. Opus , nisi apud iniquos alienarum vigillarum aestimatores , ●●si haud plane inculpatum , laudabile tamen cum ptimis utiléque . Gotofied . Epist. Dedicat. ad Philost . Histor. Eccles.

Four Saxons gathered together in the City of Magdeburge , viz. Flaccus Illyricus , Ioannes Vigandus , Matthaeus Iudex , and Basilius Faber , in religion rigid Luther anes took upon them to write the whole Ecclesiastical History from Christ to their times by centuries or ages , allowing a hundred year to every age , whence they are called Centuriatores . Pars. threefold Convers. of Engl. part. 1. l. 2. c. 5.

Lucas Osiander hath epitomized the eight first Centuries of the Magdeburgenses , so that he hath scarce omitted any thing necessary to be known .

All godly learned men , and truly fearing God ( saith Melchior Adam in vita Wigandi ) Opus certè per quam laudabile , Ecclesi●que nostris praefertim temporibus ( quibus tot ac tantae circa fidem ac disciplinam moveantur controversiae ) si cautè interdum & circumspectè legatur , apprimè utile . Whear . Method . leg . Hist. parte prima . Sect. 42. Magnam nominis famam Illyricus . consequutus Catalogo suo Testium Vetitatis , & Historia Ecclesiastic● . Iac. Verheiden . Fuerunt quidem aliquot Zoili inter Pontificios laborem illum arrodentes : sed unicum Io●uui● Sturmii testimonium omnes malè feriatorum hominum calumnias & sinistra judicia facilè refutare potest . Sic autem Sturmius sua manu in primam Centuriam , rogatus hoc nomine à Secretario Reipub. Magdeburgensis Henrico Merckelio scripsit . Magdeburgensium labor in conficienda historia Ecclesiastica & ●ecessarius suit , & nostrae aetati utilissi●●● . Quatuor in ea ego virtutes esse sentio , veritatem , diligentiam , ordinem , persp icuitatem , qu●s cum historicus assecutus , nihil video quid illi deesse possit , fi acc●dat sermonis Latini puritas & conveni●ns historiae ratio . Melch. Ad. in vita Wigandi . have with Sturmius approved that Ecclesiastical History , and to this day approve it , because they see an Idea as it were of the Church of Christ in its several Centuries contained in it , according to its propagation , persecution , tranquillity , doctrine , heresie , Ceremonies , Government , schismes , Synods , persons , miracles , Martyrdoms , the Religion out of the Church and Politick State of the Empire .

Iacobus Ceratinus . Horna genui● Iacobum Cer●t●●tum , id est , Hornanum , Graeco vocabulo , non quod illum natalis soli puderet , quo nomine reprehenditur ab Hadriano Iunio : sed quod inter illorum temporum eruditos consuetudo ita ferret . Utriusque singuae peritissimus fuit . Graecae Professorem egit Lovanii . Beneficio ejus & incredibili industria primum Lexicon Graecum concinnatum est , magno studiorum bono . Boxhorn . Theat. Holland .

He died at Lovain in the flower of his Age , Anno 1530.

Ludovicus de la Cerda , a learned and industrious man . Ludovicus de la Cerda in Adversariis Sacris , multijugae lectionis opere . Vossius De vitiis Sermonis , lib. 3. cap. 30.

He hath put out these Works ,

Adversaria sacra .

Psalterii Salomonis , &c. Gr. MS. Codice Latina versio .

De excellentia Coelestium Spirituum , imprimis de Angeli custodis Ministerio .

Annotationes in Tertullianum .

Com. in Lib. Virgilii , and other Works .

Antonius Rodolphus Cevallerius , a Norman , a great Hebrician . Hoc puer a●●diveram ex Antonio Rodolpho Cevallerio viro doctissimo , qui me in his literis ●rudiebar . D●us . Respons. ad Minerv . Scrar . l. 1. c. 9. Mercerus additamentis ad Thesaurum Pagnini , adsentiente Cevallerio . ●●● Cevallerium nomino , intelligo non Petrum qui Genevensis erat : sed A●to●ium Rodolphum Natione Norma●●●● , alterius praeceptorem . Drus. Terragram . c. 16. Vide Thu●● . Hist. Tom. 3. l. 54.

There are Rudimenta Hebraicae linguae recognita , & aucta ab eodem , cum Pet. Cevallerii Annot. & Joh. Tremellii Epistola .

Petrus Cevallorius , a French man , and very expert in the Hebrew .

Vir linguae sanctae dum viveret , peritissimus , mihique ob singularem pietatem & morum probitatem charissimus . Casaub. Animadvers . in Athen. l. 3. c. 28.

Demetrius Chalcondylas , a diligent Grammarian , who being himself a Grecian Graecae linguae post Argyro . polum Florentiae professor fuit ? sed Politiani ambitione inde ejectus mediolanum se contulit . Voss. De Arte Grammat . l. 1. c. 4. Cui Graecae literae aetate nostra ab interitu quodammodo vindica●ae , quòd nunc vigeant , debere fateantur , quot aerumnarum eventibus oppressus miserabilem semper vitam egit . Pier. Valer. De Litteratorum infoelicitate , lib. 2. Vide plura ibid. by Nation , was Professour of the Greek in Italy .

Daniel Chamierus a Frenchman , who in his Panstratiae Catholicae hath so learnedly Vir doctrinâ orthodoxia , scriptis celeberrimus . Garissol . De Imputatione primi peccati . c. 27. refuted the Papists , that none of them hath made any answer to it .

His Epistolae Iesuiticae , and Corpus Theologiae also shew his great abilities .

There is also a Work of his in French , entituled , La Confusion Des Disputes Papistes Par Daniel Chamier . And another in answer to some Questions of Coton the Jesuite , which I cannot purchase .

He was killed at Mountaban with a Canon ▪ bullet ( which had a C. on it ) on the Lords-day . Being asked by one before , Whether he preached on that day ? He said , it was his day of repose or rest , and so it proved , though he meant it in another sense .

Peter Charon a French Papist . Charron en sa Sagosse n'a estè que comme le Secretaire de Monsieur du Vair , & de M. de Montagne , soubz lequels il semble qu'il ait escit ce qu'ils luy dictoient , tant il a fait peu de scrupule de se seruit de leur inventions , & de leurs propres paroles . Apologie Pour M. De Balzac .

He hath written a fine Treatise De La Sagesse , if he be not beholding to others for it .

Galfridus Chaucerus , Ieffery Chaucer , he was born in Oxfordshire . Vixit Anno Domini 1402.

He first of all so illustrated the English Poetry , that he may be esteemed our English Homer . He is our best English Poet , and Spencer the next . Propter docendi gratiam & libertatem quasi alter Dantes aut Petrarcha quos ille etiam in linguam nostram transtulit , in quibus Romana Ecclesia tanquam sedes Antichristi describitur , & ad vivum exprimitur . Humphr . Praefat. ad lib. de Jesuitismo . Fuere & in Britannorum idiomate & eorum vernaculo sermone aliqui poetae ab eis summo pretio habiti inter quos Galfredus Chaucerus vetustior qui multa scripsit , & Thomas Viatus , ambo insignes equites . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. nost. Temp. Dial. 2.

Praedicat Algerum meritò Florentia Dantem , Italia & numeros tota Petrarcha tuos . Anglia Chaucerum veneratur nostra Poeta Cui Veneres debet patria lingua suas . Lel. lib. Epig.

He seems in his Works to be a right Wiclevian , as that of the Pellican and Griffin shews .

He was an acute Logician , a sweet Rhetorician , a facetious Poet , a grave Philosopher , and a holy Divine .

His Monument is in Westminster ▪ Abbey .

Chaucerus linguam patriam magna ingenii solertia ac cultura plurimùm ornavit , itemque alia , cum Joannis Mone poema de arte amandi Gallicè tantùm legeretur , Anglico illud metro feliciter reddidit . Voss. De Histor ▪ Lat. l. 3. c. 2.

Antoine de Chandieu , a learned French Divine . De la tresrare erudition , pietè entiere , diligence incroyable & dexteritè admirable . Beze Epistre au Roy deuant Son Traicte Des Marques De L' Eglise Catholique .

Beza highly commends his Book of the Marks of the true Church .

There are other Works also of his ,

De l' unique Sacrifice .

Contre les Traditions .

Sir Iohn Cheek . He was Schoolmaster to King Edward the 6th , and most skilfull Comprehensus fuit Io. Checus , ac à ministris regiis in ipsa via quae Antuerpia Bruxellas ducit equo deturbatus , & funibus ad plaustrum religatus donec ob voluto capite in navem conjectus est , & ad turrem , Londinensem ( ignarus quo ▪ veher●tur ) abductus est . Ibi minis ac terroribus ad Palinodiam adactus est , cum à Pontificiis erroribus toto animo abhorreret . Cujus rei poenitenti● ductus , maero●e paulo post contabescens mortuus est . Godw. Rer. Anglic. Annal. l. 3. in Greek and Latine .

He was Publique Oratour , and Greek Reader in Cambridge . In the discharge of the later he went over Sophocles twice , all Homer , all Euripides , and part of Her●dotus .

Roger Ascham in the first Book of his Epistles , speaking of him and Sir Thomas Smith , saith , Qui si adscribendum se dedissent , nec in Sadoleto Italia , nec in Longolio Gallia , justius , quam in istis duobus Anglia gloriata fuisset .

He was the first Regius Professour of the Greek Tongue in Cambridge , as Sir Thomas Smith was of Law . They were both Fellows of the same Colledge , both Professours in the same University , both Officers of State in the same Court , both wrote De pronunciatione linguae Graecae . They two especially by their advice and example brought the study of Tongues , and other politer Learning first into request in Cambridge .

Under God Sir Iohn Cheek was a special instrument of the propagation of the Gospel , and that religion which we now professe in this Kingdom . For he not Dr L. in the life of Sir John Cheek . only sowed the seeds of that Doctrine in the heart of Prince Edward , which afterward grew up iuto a general Reformation , when he came to be King , but by his means the same saving truth was gently instilled into the Lady Elizabeth , by those who by his procurement were admitted to be the Guides of her younger studies .

In Henry the eighths time his friends and familiars were most of those worthy men which proved Reformers in King Edwards dayes , and either Martyrs or exiles in Queen Maries . His forreign acquaintance were Sleidan , Melancthon , Sturmius , Bucer , Camerarius , Celius , Peter Martyr , and others , great Scholars , and good Protestants .

He went into Low-Germany , Ut uxorem educeret , saith Sleiden , to fetch his wife from thence . These words were corrupted into Uxorem duceret by Thuanus and others , for he was married before .

In his return from Bruxwels to Antwerp he was apprehended by a Provost-Martial from King Philip , and so conveighed speedily away to the Tower of London . He was there by threatnings , and other wayes brought to a recantation , for which he was after much troubled , and so died .

Sir Iohn Cheeks Works were ,

Introductio Grammatices , l. 1.

De Ludi magistrorum officio , l. 1.

De Pronunciatione linguae Graecae .

Correctiones Herodoti , Thucididis , Platonis , Demosthenis , & Xenophontis , lib. plurimis .

Epitaphia . l. 1.

Panegyricus in nativitatem Edvardi Principis .

Elegia de aegrotatione & obitu Edvardi 6ti .

In obitum Antonii Dennei . l. 1.

De obitu Buceri .

Commentarii in Psalmum 139. & alios .

An liceat nubere post Divortium , lib. 1.

De Fide justificante , lib. 1.

De aqua lustrali , cineribus & palmis , ad Wintoniensem , l. 1.

De Eucharistiae Sacramento , l. 1.

Collegit in Parliamento argumenta & rationes ex utraque parte super negotio Eucharistiae .

Libellus de damno ex seditione .

He translated also other things out of Greek into Latine , and out of English into Latine . Natus est Anno 1522. Inter labores ejus primas facilè obtinet ille , quem dogmatibus , decretis , & Canonibus Concilii Tridentini examinandis & re●●tandis im pendit , utilem sanè omnibus veritatem amantibus . Ipse etiam inter primos exst●●it , qui Naturam artes & doctrinam Iesuitarum Germanis , quantum illis temporibus paruit detegere coepit . Melchior . Adam . in ejus vita . Vir eximius atque acerrimus Pontificiarum partium oppugnator . Gul. Rivet . Vind. Evang. part. 3. c. 6. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 84. D. Chemnitius non postremus est in catalogo haereticorum : quia examen Tridentini Conciliabuli non leviter ipsis dolet . Haseunul . Historia Jesuit . ord . c. 7.

Martinus Ch●mnitius .

A most famous and learned Doctor of Divinity , in the Church of Brunswick .

His Harmony and other Theological writings are most profitable , especially that excellent Work , or rather most rich Theological Bibliotheque , which contains both a Refutation of the Councel of Trent , and also an Explication of the whole Doctrine of the Church : to be read daily by all to whom the knowledge of the truth is welcome , saith Neander .

Andreas du Chesne , the King of France his Geographer . He hath put out divers French Books .

Renatus * * Summus nostrae aetatis jurisconsultus . Geueb . Chron. 1. 4. Chopinus .

There are several Books of his .

Monasticon .

De Sacra Politia .

De Civil . Paris moribus .

De domanio Franciae & Privilegiis Rusticorum .

Panegyricus Henrici quarti , and other Works .

Emanuel Chrysoloras of Constantinople .

He first brought back again the Greek Language after seven hundred years and Emanuel Chrysoloras Byzan ▪ tius , Graecas literas in Italiam quasi postliminio reduxit , quae per 700 annos ferè exulaverant . Geueb . Chronol. l. 4. Primus Graecas literas variis Barbarorum irruptionibus expulsas , post septingentos annos in Italiam reportavit . Paul . Iov . Elog. Doctorum virorum . Learning into Italy , writing a Grammar , and he stirred up the Europeans against Bajazet . Pezel . Mellif . Histor. part. 3.

See Antoine du Verdier his Preface to his Bibliotheque .

He came to Italy under Boniface the 9th , and first taught at Venice , then at Florence , afterward he went to the Councel of Constance , there he was put to death , and was praised at his Funeral by Poggius his Scholar .

Petrus Chrysologns a a Ita dictus quemadmodum Chrysostomus ob auream dicendi vim arque eloquentiam . Possev . Apparat. Soc. Floruit Petrus Chrysologus Ravennae Archiepiscopus , vergente quinto laeculo , prope annum Domini 500. Forbes . Instruct. Histor. Theol. l. 13. c. 8. , the golden spoken man .

He was Archbishop of Ravenna 450 years after Christ .

His Works are in one Volume .

Iohn Chrysostome , Anno Dom. 400. 398. saith Calvisius . Disertissimus Patrum & in Scripturis enarrandis Graecorum princeps . Montacut . Appar . 2. Vide ●asaub . l. 2. Ep. 84. & 93. Basilii quemadmodum in literis , sic etiam in professione syncerioris virae socius , atque ut ita loquar , Achates , quicquid ser̄e scripsit , ad populatem captum accemmodavit , eôque fusior est ac simplicior , & in locis communibus spaciari maluit , quam in difficilimis versari quaestionibus . Hos triumviros Gregorium Nazianzenum , Basilium , Chrysostomum una tulit aetas apud Graecos , pietare pares , nec dispares eruditione , sed dictionis charactere dissimiles : quos si cum nostris conferre velis , Chrysostomus non dissimilis est Augustino , Gregorius Ambrosio , qui si Graecè scripsisset , plutimum negotii fuisset exhibiturus interpreti . Quem Basilio conferam nondum invenio , nisi fi quis scripturarum cognitionem quam habuit Hieronymus , cum Lactantii soelici facilitate copulet . Eras. l. 26. Epist. Epist. 33. Ego studiosissimus illius Patris sum , tum quia nullus melior Novi Testamenti interpres , tum & propter miram dulcedinem , & amaenitatem dictionis , quam post illum nullus Ecclesiasticus scriptor consequi potuit . Ios. Scalig Epist. l. 4. Epist. 389. Cum Aristophanis Comici Atheniensis Comoedias assiduè legeret , adeò ut etiam duo de t●igin●a ejus Comoedias Graecas sub pulvino abderet dormiturus , eloquentiam hinc & severitatem quibus est mirabilis didicisse existimatur . Neand. Geog part. 1.

A Greek and Ecclesiastical writer , a writer no lesse profitable then copious , no lesse copious then sweet , Quo nemo ex antiquis aut majore dexteritate scripturas tractavit , aut populum docuit salubrius aut haereticos oppugnavit acrius , quo nemo aut ad virtut is studia inflammavit vehementius , aut vitia sui temporis insectatus est liberius . Bois in the Preface to his Notes upon Chrysostomes third Tome . Post sacra Biblia & Paulinas imprimis Epistolas nullum novi scriptum , in quo , qui concionatores sunt , & Graece non nesciunt , majore cum fructu versentur , quam in beata Chrysostomi homiliis , quas ita numeros as reliquit , ut nemo plures , it a bonas ut nemo meliores , it a disertas & dilucidas , ut nihil ne excogitari quidem possit disertum aut dilucidum magis . Bois ibid.

The soundest Interpreter I think of all the Greek and Latine Fathers . Dr Hackw . Apol. l. 5. The Christian Demosthenes .

Although he very well answeres his name , yet he sometimes redounds with words , and seems immoderate in digressions . Eras. Epist. l. 28. Epist. 7.

He doth excellently on the New Testament .

There is Opus imperfectum on Matthew in Latine , of which there is nothing to be found in the Greek books of Chrysostomes , Opus sine dubio ab aliqno ex Latinis Patribus confectum , nec minùs erudito , nec minus fortasse antiquo nostro Johanne . Sir Henry Savill in his Notes on Chrysost.

Quando Chrysostomi cognomen Johanni nostro tribui coeptum , non est facilè statuere .

See of this at the beginning of the Notes at the end of Chrysostomes eighth Tome put out by Sir Henry Savill .

David Chytraeus . He was a good Mathematician , as his Master also Philip M●lancthon De re Historica optimè metitus . Whear . was .

Petrus Ciaconius , a very learned man , and a great Restorer of ancient Writers .

His Opuscula and his Notes upon Caesar and Hirtius , and De Triclinio Rom & De vita scriptisque ejus , are published .

CHAP. XII .

M. CIcero . Anno Mundi 3855. Helv. Chron. Cognominatus est Cicero quia quiddam in figuram Ciceris prominens habebat in naso suo . Whethamsted . De viris illustribus . Vide Eras Epist. Epist. 28. Vide etiam Ludov. Viv. de trad. discip . l. 3. Natura Ciceroni ad summum eloquentiae principatum initia rudia contulit , ars incrementa dedit , sed improbissimus ille perpetuae Commentationis & exercitationis labor infinita quadam accessione & naturae initia , & artis incrementa superavit . Rami Ciceronianus . Vide plura ibid. Hic ille est Marcus Tullius dono quodam providentiae genitus , in quo to●as vires suas eloquentia experiretur , par Imperio Romano ingenium , os magnum , sapiens , beatum , nectare , & ambrosia diffluens , ex omnium seculorum ingeniorum virtutibus collecta in unum perfectio . Vir de quo dubites , an ipse totus ex eloquentia , an ex ipso tota eloquentia sit confecta . Certè nihil est facundius , tot sunt in eo virtut●● , quot genera eloquentiae , quot dicta tot purpurae , quot verba tot flores . Caussin . Eloq . Sac. & Human. Parallel . l. 1. c. 62. Boxhorn . Monum , Illust. vir . & Elog. habet eadem verba . Vide Casaub. Epist. 354.

He was born in Arpinum .

He propounded to himself Demosthenes for a patern to imitate , whence he was called the Roman Demosthenes .

Some think that he exceeds Demosthenes , and Virgil Homer .

Oratores verò vel praecipuè Latinam eloquentiam parem facere Graecae possunt . Nam Ciceronem cuicunque eorum fortiter opposuerim . Ille se profecisse sciat , cui Cicero valde placebit . Quintil. Institut. Orat. l. 10. c. 1.

He compares there Tully and Demosthenes , and concludes , Salibus certe & commiseratione qui duo plurimum affectus valent vincimus . Quid quod & Cicero dissimilimus Demosthenis : Nihil enim adjici alteri : Nihil alteri detrahi potest : videlicet orationis ille succu● alteri quidem penè deest : alteri vero quasi superfluit . Polit. l. 5. Epist. Ep. 1.

Terentius Varro and Iulius Caesar chose him for an Umpire , when both wrote concerning the Latine Tongue , the first of Etymology , the other of Analogy . See Plin. l. 7. c. 30.

Romani maximus auctor eloquii . Aug. de civit . Dei , l. 14. c. 18. Vide Campianum de imitat . Rhetor. c. 2.

Non tantum perfectus Orator , sed etiam Philosophus fuit , siquidem solus extitit Platonis imitator . Lactant. Institut. l. 1. De falsa relig .

Some therefore preferre his Philosophical Works .

His Offices was the first book that was printed , and an excellent piece .

Liber non suo pretio habitus ideo quod omnium manibus teritur . Grotii Ep. ad Gallos .

His Epistles ad Atticum are an excellent History of those-times . Anima eloquentiae Cicero , qui in foro , senatu ro●tisque grandi loquae sacultatis majestate sonuit . Dilh. Disput. Acad.

He set himself to imitate the Grecians , he expresseth the form of Demosthenes , the copiousnesse of Plato , the pleasantnesse of Isocrates , saith Quintilian in the place before-cited . Repetitio quaedam & geminatio verborum : idem significantium , Ciceroni familiaris est ac propè perpetua : Hanc ubertatem & copiam laudo : commutatis verbis ; variatis figuris , quo magis res imprimatur in animis , nonnunquam in eadem sententia commoratur orator : majoris hujus impressionis commorationem probo : interdum alio loco dicta nulla nova ratione denuò reponit : id neque laudo nequis probo . Rami Ciceronianus . Si quicquam in Cicerone Ciceroniano maxime cavendum fugiendumque ●it , ista sane jactan●ia est , quia maximè animos audientium laedit : maximéque illud quicquid dicendo petitur , amittit . Id. ibid. Vide Quintil. Instit. Orat. l. 10. c. 1.

His Repetitions without any Reason sometimes are disliked by Ramus , and his vain-glorious boasting .

O fortunatam natam me Consule Romam : Cedant arma togae , concedat laurea linguae .

Yet Turnebus in his 7th book of his Adversaria , c. 19. both defends Tully , and that former verse .

Versus ille Ciceronis , qui obtrectatorum ejus & invidorum virulentos morsus excitavit in ipsum . O fortunatam natam me Consule Romam . hanc opinor sententiam centinet , ●●licem illo Reipublicae statu Romam fuisse , quam constituerat confirmaratque in Consulatu , optimatum enim potestatem & Senatus auctoritatem stabilierat , & cum principibus conjunxerat equites . Neque verò est cur vel à Quintil. lib. 9. c. 4. vel Juven. Sat. 19. versus irrideatur ob iterationem earundem syllabarum , hoc enim veteres in deliciis habebant , ut Maro 3. Aeneid .

— tales casus Cassandra canebat .

Many which strive to imitate Tully , differ much from him , and among themselves .

Aspice nunc eos homines : qui sibi elegerunt Marcum Tullium imitandum : quantum ab eo distent : quantum etiam inter se dissimiles sint . Profluentem quandam sine modestia ubertatem Linius arripuit : acumen Quintilianus : sonum Lactantius : leuitatem Curtius : elegantiam Columella . Polit. Epist. l. 8. Epist. 17. Vide Campianum de Imit . Rhetor. c. 4 , 5. & 6.

Iohn Claimund President of Corpus Christi Colledge in Oxford .

He hath written learned Commentaries upon all Plinies Natural History .

Isidorus Clarius .

He hath written , Patriâ Brixianus , professione Benedictimus , vir tribus linguis doctissimus , qui ad doctrinam Christianam mores castissimos , vitam integerrimam , animum nihil praeter charitatem & Ecclesiae emendationem ac unionem spirantem attulit . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. lib. 16.

In Evang. Lucae .

In Sermones Domini in Monte.

De modo divitiarum .

Orationes Extraordinariae .

Scholia in Novum Testamentum .

Claudia Britannici generis nobilissima mulier , nominis claritudinem ex ingenti utriusque linguae Latinae & Graecae notitia per Italiam & alias mundi nationes commeruit . Maritum habebat fortunis atque eruditione sibi non dissimilem ( à quo cognomentum accepit ) Aulum videlicet Rufum , cognomine Pudentem , etrusca nobilitate equitem insignem , Poetam Bononiensem , ac Stoicae sectae Philosophum eruditum . Balaeus De Script Brytan . Cent. 1. Rufina , Anno Dom. 80.

Martial the Poet commends her in his Epigrams for her beauty , fruitfulnesse , conjugal fidelity , learning , and her husband for his courtesie , friendship , liberality , piety , learning , study and Ciceronian-eloquence .

Claudianus a famous Poet. Anno Aerae Christi 379. Helv. Chron. Maximus

He flourished in the times of Theodosius , and his sonnes Arcadius and Honorius . Alexandria in Egypt was his Countrey . He was much esteemed , for the most learned Emperours say , that in him alone was both Virgils minde , and Homers muse . Lil. Poeta Claudianus solo argumento ignobil●ore oppressus , addit de ingenio quantum deest materiae . Foelix in eo calor , cultus non invisus , temperatum judicium , dictio candida , numeri non affectati , acutè dicta multa sine ambitione . Scalig. Hypercritic . c. 5. Claudianus ingenii ac spiritus planè Poetici . Lud. Viv de Tradend . Discip. lio. 3. Poeta est , non qui fabularum obscuris ambagibus aures potius titillet quam animum instruat . Gravissimus & compositae ad politicam doctrinam nervositatis stylus materies , laudum principalium omne genus . Boxhorn . Monum . illust. Vir. & Elog. Gyrald . De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4.

There are these Works of his ,

Epistola Sidonio .

Carmina de Fontibus Apeni .

The Rape of Proserpine , englished by learned Digges .

Claudius the Emperour , though simple , was not illiterate . Claudius Imperator , quantâ curâ , & poenè dixerim ambitione , tres novas litteras invexit , iisque Romanam linguam auxit ? non aliâ , quam si totidem regnis imperii fines . Lips . De Recta Pronunciat . Latinae Linguae . cap. 3.

Christophorus Clavius , a Jesuite , and famous Professour of the Mathematicks at Natione Germanus , scientias Mathematicas avidissimè ac studiosissime didicit , & magna cum laude diu professus est . Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societ . Iesu. A Philippo Alegambe edita . Et certe non video quid Mathematica studia Clavio contulerint , qui his adeo infans est , ut mediocriter literis humanioribus tinctus haec melius intelligat , quam ille qui toto vitae suae tempore nihil praeter Mathematica tractavit . Scalig. Can. Isag. l. 3. Ex omnibus ejus lucubrationibus quibus in lucem prolatis , nominis sui memoriam , omnium saeculorum posteritati commendavit , Euclides , & sphaera . Io de Sacro Bosco , commentariis illustrata , est talis , ut in arce poni possit , quasi Minerva ill Phidiae , in qua nihil est nisi absolutum atque perfectum . Iani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca . Vide plura ibid. Rome .

His several Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue .

Nic. de Clamangis .

He flourished about the year 1416. a pious and learned man , a follower of politer speech and learning . Illyr. Catal. Test. verit . l. 19.

His Works are together in one Volume .

Clemens Alexandrinus , so called , because he was Governour of the School at Anno Aerae Christianae 161. Helv. Chron. Clementis Alexandrini & antiquitas , & summa consummataque eruditio . Erat acer vehemensque & sensu sententiisque pollens . Montacut . Antidiat . Clemens Alexandrinus , scriptor in primitiva olim Ecclesia admodum celebris , tum pietatis , tum eruditionis nomine , floruit circiter 200 Domini annum . Illyr Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 2. Feruntur ejus insignia volumina , plenaque eruditionis & eloquentiae , tam de Scripturis divinis , quam de saecularis literaturae instrumento . Hieron . de Script . Eccles Alexandria after Pantanus his Master . He lived under Severus and Caracalla , as himself witnesseth , l. 1. Strom.

He was Origens Master , saith Bellarmine .

He lived about the year 200 , viz. in the beginning of the third Age or Century . Calvis . in his Chronology saith , he flourished in the year of Christ 194.

He wrote a little after the death of Commodus . He abounded in all sacred and exotick knowledge to a miracle , and those many excellent Monuments of his wit which are published , he doth imbellish with much learning and many testimonies of Christians , Philosophers , and also Hereticks .

Eusebius l. 5 Hist. c. 10. saith , He was exercised in the Divine Scriptures . Casaub. Exercit. 1. ad Baron . apparat . p. 2. cals him inexhaustae Doctrinae virum .

Clemens Romanns Episcopus .

He is the first and most ancient of all writers since the Apostles . Sub Clementis Romani nomine jam olim prodiit liber cujus ●i●●l●s , Constitutiones Apostolorum . Nec defuerunt nostris temporibus ex Adversariis nonnulli viri alioquin eruditi , sed judicio hac in parte non u●entes , qui Clementis genuinum opus esse pertinaciter contenderent . Albortinus De Sacramento Eucharistiae l. 2. c. 3. Vide plura ibid. De illis libris Constitutionum nihil habent Eusebius , nihil Hieronymus , nihil Gennadius , Gethardi Patrologia .

He is counted by some of the Papists to be the Author of the Apostolical Constitutions . He was contemporary to the Apostles , and is mentioned by St Paul as his fellow-worker , Phil 4. 3.

Nicholaus Clenardus was of Brabant . Exoticarum linguarum peritia vel exterorum hominum testimonio , Belgarum poenè propria est . Argumento in eruditis linguis unus è millibus Clenardus sit , qui easdem ratione traditas , non Lovanii modò , sed apud exteros etiam , magna sui admiratione , propagavit . Testantur id Libri Epistolarum peregrinationis suae ; quarum plerasque Iacobo Latomo Doctori suo , Ioachim● Politae , Rutgero Relcio , aliisque amicis inscripsit . Auberit Miraei Elog. Belg. Praeter Latinam , Graecam , & Hebraeam ( quae in omnibus pene Academiis regnant ) ●rabicam quoque Grammaticam conscripsit ; extatque manuscripta in Hispania apud I. Peeresium Valentinum hominem doctissimum . Id. ibid. Graecis Hebraicisque literis imbutus , eas Lovanii maxima cum laude docuit . Linguae Arabicae discendae studio in Africam trajecit . Swertii Athenae Belgicae . In Academia Fessana Saracenicae gentis , linguam Arabicam didicit . Neand. Geog. parte tertia .

He was a good Linguist , most skilfull in the Hebrew , Greek and Latine Tongues , and taught them all with praise at Lovain , to which that he might adde the profession of the Arabick , he travelled almost ten years .

It is said , that he was killed by his own slave which taught him Arabick , because he thought he would make use of his skill therein against the Alcoran .

There is his Grammatica Graeca , his Epistolae , Mediationes Graecanicae in Artem Graecam .

Cleobulina daughter to Cleobulus , one of the seven Wise men of Greece . She wrote certain Riddles in hexameter verses .

Ioh. Climachus , in the year 580.

His Works are Greek and Latine .

There is his Vita & Opuscula , Scala Paradisi .

Ioh. Cloppenburgus a learned Writer . There is his Book Contra Socinum , and others . Linguarum septem , utpote Latinae , Graecae , Italicae , Gallicae , Hispanicae , Lusitanicae & Belgicae , exactam habuit peritiam . Historiarum vulgo incognitarum & scriptor & censor acutissimus , uti & Cosmographiae doctissimus . Melch. Ad. vit. Germ. medic . Et Boissardi Icones .

Carolus Clusius , a great Linguist . Lipsius thus sported on him ,

Omnia Naturae dum Clusi , arcana recludis , Clusius haud ultra sis , sed Aperta mihi .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard .

Pet. Cluniacensis . In the year 1150. Petrus abbas Cluniacensis floruit duodecimo seculo . Is unus eorum est qui Romanam tyrannidem anim advertit & accusavit . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit.

He was called Venerabilis Petrus . His Works are in one Volume .

Philippus Clunerius . His Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Vir stupendae lectionis & curae . Dilher . Disput. Acad.

Princeps aetatis nostrae Geographus . Voss. de Histor. Graec.

Magnum Germaniae ornamentum doctissimus Cluuerius noster , Voss. Hist. Pelag.

Iohn à Coch , or Cocceius .

Amama in an Epistle to Martinius before that book of his , entituled , Duo tituli Thalmudici Sanhedrin & Maccoth , gives this Elogy of him , Excitatum eum divinitus esse statuo ad provehenda altius linguarum Orientalium studia , & reseranda nobis Iudaeorum sacraria . Nullus equidem Christianorum tantum in thalmudicis publice unquam praestitit , quantum ille eruditissimo hoc & de quo non nisi eruditissimi judicabunt , scripto .

His Exposition of Iob , the small Prophets , and his Book De foedere , are well esteemed .

Christ . Columbus an Italian , a most skilfull Cosmographer . Novum orbem in Atlantico mari Hispanis primus aperuit . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. lib. 1. Vide Uberti Folietae Elogis . Et Boissardi Icone● .

He found out America , called the New world Anno 1492.

Columbus by his glorious discoveries more justly deserved a place for a Ship among the Southern constellations , then ever the Argonantes did for their so celebrated Argo . Mr George Sandys Commentary upon the 13th Book of Ovids Metamorphosis .

To him most truly agrees Plus ultrá .

Realdus Columbus a a Extant ejus de re Anatomica libri 15. Ubi multis ostenditur quid ipse veterum & ante se recentiorum ●●venis hic addiderit . Neand. Geog. part. 1. , Anatomicorum post Vesalium princeps . Neand.

Pet. * * Floret Anno Ae●aè Christi 1●71 . Comestor .

He and Peter Lombard and Gratian were brethren born in adultery , as some hold , but Bellarmine thinks that opinion is without ground , seeing they were of several Countreyes . Petri Lombardi frater nothus . Galv●● . Chron. Presbyter ●cele●●● Trecensis , comestor cognominatus est , ut Trithemius autumat , quod Bibliorum Testimoni● in sui● scriptis & concionibus adeo frequenter citare solitus sit , ut Scripturarum facr●r●m codicem velut comediss● diceretur . Illyr. Catal. Test. verit . l. 15.

Philip de Commines Knight , was born at Commines a Town in Flanders . Fuit is ex illustri apud Flandros gente Comminaea , Aurei velleris equestri ornamento splendescente , vi● forma eleganti , & procera corporis dignitate . Res gestas omnium gentium , ac praesertim Romanorum Gallicè redditus ( neque enim Latinè sciebat ) diligentissimè legerat , & memoria prope tenebat . Qua & in primis valuit , adeò ut Iulii Casaris exemplo , quatuor saepè scribi● litteras de variis gravissimisque Reipub. negotiis eodem tempote dictaret , tanta quidem facilitate , quasi unum tantùm tractaret argumentum Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica . Vide Scaev. Samarth . Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. Entre autres il faut auouer que Philippe de Commines , qui ne scavoit pass'ly avoit vn Polybe & u'n Tacite aumonde , C. Car c●s excellans Historiens combut●oient encor au●c la poudre & les vers , dans les Bibliotheque● des momes , ne laisse pas de s'accorderau e● eux , & d ▪ estre de mesme aduis en la pluspart de les ingements . Apologie pour M ▪ de Balzac . Scrip●it Historiam ante annos paulo minus Centum Philippus Comminaeus , ita laudabiliter , ut nihil ve●ear compon●re eum cum quovis antiquorum . Incredibile est quam ille omnia videat . penetret , arcana consiliorum erat , & subinde instruat nos salutaribus rarisque praeceptis piis , & id diffuse , Polybiano quodam exemplo . Dignum Alexandris omnibus hic Philippus . Lips . Not. in 1. l. Politic. Vide plura ibid. Philippus Comminaeus Historicus , quinto decimo exeunte seculo , sed cum antiquis melioribus est comparandus . Possev . Biblioth. Select . Tom. 2. l. 16. c. 39.

In his youth he served Charles Duke of B●rgnudy , and afterward Lewis the 11th of that name King of France , who imployed him in his weightiest and secretest affairs . The French Tongue he spake perfectly and eloquently , the Italian , Dutch and Spanish reasonably well .

He hath written the History of France under Lewis the 11th and Charles the 8th his Sonne .

He was the Spectator and actor of his History .

Nothing more grieved him , then that in his youth he was not trained up in the Latine Tongue , which his misfortune he often bewailed . The Emperour Charles the fifth , and Francis the first King of France made so great account of this History , that the Emperour carried it continually about with him , and the King was much displeased with the publishing thereof .

Philippus Cominius rerum gerendarum usu clarissimus senator . Bod. de Repub. lib. 3. cap. 7.

He in his History dived so farre into , and writ so plainly of the greatest affairs of State , that Queen Catharine de Medices used to say , that he had made as many hereticks in State-policy , as Luther had done in Religion .

Stephanus Paschasius hath this Epitaph of him ,

Gallorum , & nostrae laus una & gloria gentis , Hic Cominaee jaces , si modo fortè jaces : Historiae vitam potuisti reddere vivus , Extincto vitam reddidit Historia .

Hier ▪ * * Natione Gallus , rem literariam multum juvit , editis tum veterum Graecorum plurimis nunquam antea editis monumentis , tum Athanasio imprimis , & B. Io ▪ Chrysostomi magna operum parte . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 119. Commelinus .

Annas Comnenas . Empresse of the East , a learned woman . She hath written eight books , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 De rebus à Patre gestis Gr.

CHAP. XIII .

COncilia Councels . Sex fuisse Generalia legitima Concilia nemini est dubium . Ea sunt Nicenum habitum contra Arium an. 325. Constantinopolitanum primum , contra Macedonium anno 383. Ephefinum contra Nestorium an. 431. Chalcedonense contra Eutychetem , an. 452. Constantinopolitanum secundum , sub Iustiniano , & tempore Vigilii , contra trium capitulorum defensores , an. 553. Constantinopolitanum tertium sub Constantino Pogonato contra Monothelicas , an. 680. His sex duo addenda , Sardicense , an. 347. & Constantinopolitanum sub Menu● , an 536. quae utraque Generalia , utraque Legitima , sed idcirco in numero Conciliorum non recensentur , quia in eorum neutro controvesia ulla nova de fide definita est ; sed quae antea in aliis Conciliis fuerant definita , in his firmata & corroborata fuere . Crakanth Log. l. 5. c. 16.

There were six Oecumenical Councels , orthodox , and almost received by all .

Bishop Andrews in his Sermon on Numb. 10. v. 1 , 2. reckons up seven . See that Sermon .

The first Nicene Councel called by the Emperour Constantine the Great against Arius , who denied the Deity of Christ . This was held in the year of our Lord 325. at Nice in Bithinia . It consisted of 318 Bishops . The Fathers of that Councel did publish a Creed against the Arians .

The greatest of all Councels next to the Apostles Councel , the great Councel of Nice of 318 Bishops .

Urbs Nicaea clara à Synodo Nicaena , quo coacti à Magno Constantino primo Christiano Imperatore convenorunt contra Arium Alexandrinum in Aegypto Diaconum 318 Episcopi , quorum plerique Constantia tempore persecutionis & dono miraculorum clari fuere , teste Eusebio probatissimo Graeco scriptore . Neand. Geog. parte 2da. Vide Aug. Roch. Biblioth. Vatic . p. 58. to 75. of all these Councels .

The first Constantinopolitan Councel called by the Emperour Theodosius the elder against Macedonius , who denied the Deity of the holy Ghost , in the year of the Lord 383 , or 384.

The first Ephesine Councel called by Theodosius the younger against Nestorius , who held , That there were two persons in Christ , in the year 430 , or 434.

4. The Chalcedonian Councel called by the Emperour Martian against Eutyches , which affirmed , That there was onely one Nature in Christ after the Incarnation , in the year of the Lord 451 , or as some 452 , and others 454.

To these two other Councels are added , the fifth , the second Constantinopolitan , in the year 548 , or as others reckon it 553. called by Iustinian against the Arians , Nestoriaens , Eutychians .

The sixth is the third Constantinopolitan Councel against the Monothelites , in the year 681 , called by Constantinus Pognatus or Barbarus .

For the Councel of Trent a a Extat refutatio Concilii Tridentini à Martino Chemnitio adornata nomine Examinis adversus Iacobum Payvam Andradium Lufitanum , anno 7● edita : Nec non Iob. Calvini Antidoton , & Innocintii Gentiletti Examen , quo demonstrat in multis Articulis hoc Concilium antiquis Conciliis & Canonibus , Regisque Galliae autoritati esse contrarium , ac proinde nullum , & Conciliabulum Pharisaicum esse convincit . Pezel . Mellific . Histor. part. 3. Calvin wrote against it whilst it sate , and Chemnitius and Gentilettus since . Vide ejus Exam. Conc. Trid. l. 3. Sess. 12.

Because nothing was resolved by the Fathers at the Councel of Trent , but all in Rome , a blasphemous Proverb was generally used , That , The Synod of Trent History of the Councel of Trent , l. 6. p. 147. The Tridentine Councel was celebrated in the City of Trent in the year 1546. under Pope Paul the third . Between the first and last Session of the Councel of Trent were eighteen years . All the Articles of the Popish Doctrine were confirmed in it . Historia Concilii Tridentini Petri Suavis . l. 6. Cujus Germanus author à quibusdam creditur esse Pater Paulus qui causam Venetorum adversus Paulum V. Pont. acerrimè defendit , à quo primùm Italica lingua conscripta est , & postea auspiciis Marci Antonii de Dominis in Latinam linguam translata , qui eam aliquoties commendat . Gerh. Confes. Cathol l. 1. General . part ▪ 1. c. 4. was guided by the holy Ghost sent thither , from time to time in a Cloak-bag from Rome .

In this mock-Councel , the Pope which was the principal party accused of Heresie , was the onely Judge and disposer of all things passed therein against all good Examples , Laws , Equity and Reason .

Though the Councel of Trent hath been sufficiently answered by the Protestant Divines , yet that excellent History of the Councel of Trent was never answered by the Papists .

In the Councel of Constance Communion under both kindes , and Wickliffs opinions were condemned .

Iohn Hus and Ierom of Prague were burned against faith given , and safe conduct granted by the Emperour . Then that wicked maxim was established , Haeretici● fides non est seruanda , which is against Nature , Scripture , and the Law of Nations .

There is Summa Conciliorum & Pontificum à Petro usque ad Concilium Tridenti 1600. Lugduni . num per Bartholomaeum Caranzam Ord. praedicat .

The National Synod of Dort began in the year 1618. To which were sent from England , France , Germany , and other Reformed Churches , many Learned and Orthodox Divines , to discusse and unfold those unhappy Arminian Controversies with which the Low-countreys was then molested . Hic ●um celeberr ima illa Doctrinae confessio , ab urbe in qua & scripta , & Carolo V. Augusto exhibita , nomen est sortita : quemadmodum olim Nicenum Symbolum , ab urbe Nice● , in qua trecenti octo decim Episcopi contra Arium , a Constantino Magno Imperatore convocati ; breviter fidei suae confessionem fuere complexi . Meleh . Adam . in vita Brentii . Anno 1530. Omnium celeberrimus est exhibione Augustanae Confessionis , quam Philippus Melancthon a●hibito subinde in Consilium Luthero Augustae conscripsit . Fertur Imperator lacrymis profusis , precibus , & votis ad hoc negotium se praeparasse , cum diceret : Quis ego sum , qui Evangelio repugnare possim ? Orate pro me misero , ut in veritate constanter persistam . Pezel . Mellif . Histor. part . 3. Vide Thuan. Hist. ●om. 2. l. 28.

Confessiones variae .

The Confessions of Faith of the Churches professing the Gospel , having been long ago exhibited to the several Princes of the Countreys , States and Kingdoms where these Churches are , are now of ●ate very profitably published to the just conviction of all such as slander the Reformed Churches to be variably distracted and rent in sunder with infinite differences of Faith .

Beza hath put out the Harmony of Confessions with Notes upon it .

The most famous is the Augustane Confession .

The Elector of Saxony with the other Princes and Protestant Cities joyned with him , presented to the Emperour Charles the fifth , the Confession of their Faith , written in Latine and Dutch , which afterward from this place , where it was read was called Augustana . It contained two parts : in the first was expounded one and twenty Articles of their Creed . In the second were expounded the Doctrines which were different from the Church of Rome , and the abuses which the Confessionists reproved . The Cities which followed the Doctrine of Zuinglius , presented apart the Confession of their Faith , not differing from the former , but onely in the point of the Eucharist . History of the Councel of Trent , translated by Sir Nathan . Brent , l. 1. p. 54. See Sleid. Comment. lib. 7. and Melch. Ad. in vita Brentii .

Conformities . This holy Book of Conformities , and St Francis life is in English , so B. Down . of Antichrist , and Crashaw in his Iesuites Gospel , though I cannot purchase it . Crashaw also speaks largely of it in his Sermon preached at Pauls Crosse 9th wound .

There was printed at Bononia in Italy , Anno 1590. a book intituled , Liber Conformitatum Beati ac Seraphici Patris Francisci , written by one Bartholomeus Pisanus a Franciscan Frier , and published by one Hieronymus Buchius , of which book it is affirmed in the Title page , that it is Liber Aureus , a golden book .

There he paints a tree ; at the top whereof is Christ , and at the root St Francis : the tree hath twenty branches on the right , and twenty on the left side , and every branch hath four particular fruits ; in all eighty : These are equally divided between Christ and St Francis , fourty to the one , and fourty to the other , and each couple or pair of these is one point of Conformity between Christ and St Francis , consisting in all upon fourty particulars , wherein they begin at the birth , and the conception , nay at the very Prophecies and Promises made of Christ , and so proceed to his life , his death , his resurrection and ascension : and in all , and every of these , and every thing else whatsoever may be said of Christ , the very same do they not shame to affirm of that man Francis .

This was not the superfluity of idle and superstitious Monks brains , but the publick Act of their Church , and many Popes one after another allowed it , and by their Charters have confirmed the truth of this Story .

Constantine the Great was born in Britain , of Helena a Britain , as Baronius shews Tom. 3. Annal. Eccles. ad ann. 306. and B. Usher De Primord . Eccles. Britan. cap. 8. Mr Selden in his Notes on Eutychius .

Constantine the sonne of a Bretan Lady , Helena , rarely godly : but as women Constantine the first Christian Emperour was born in Britain . Is Britannica matre genitus in Britannia natus , in Britannia Imperator creatus , haud dubie magnitudinis suae gloriae natale solum particeps effecit . Polyd. Verg. Angl. Hist. l. 2. p. 43. Vide plura ibid. & Vossii Epist. ad Artem Grammat . too often are , too zealous beyond knowledge * * Broughton of Consent upon Apocalyps . . See Balaeus his first Century of the Writers of Britain concerning Helene .

Ut fidei forma cunctis videretur , Evangelium Iesu Christi ante se semper ferri fecit , & Biblia sacra ad omnes provincias derinari : diademaque monarchicum primus Brittannis regibus dedit . Balaeus de Script . Britan. Cent. 1.

Robert Constantine . He was Beza's great friend , he was ( saith Thuanus ) trium Robertus Constantinus vir singularis eruditionis & diligentiae . Gesn. Biblioth. linguarum peritissimus , most skilifull in three Languages , especially in Greek and Latine .

He lived till he was a hundred and three years old , his senses of body and minde being perfect , and his memory strong .

These are his Works ,

Lexicon Graeco-Latinum .

Nomenclator insignium Scriptorum .

Dictionarium abstrusorum vocabulorum .

Gasper Contarenus , a Cardinal , a learned and pious man , say some . Contarenus erat patricius & senator Venetas , magni nominis propter doctrinam , & praeter omnem expectationem dicitur , cùm nihil ambivisset , ad hunc fuisse gradum evectus . Sleid. De Statu Relig. & Reipubl . comment . l. 11. Cardinalis Contarenus legatione sua non bonam gratiam iniit apud Pontificem atque Collegium , quasi non satis acriter se Lutheranis oppoiuisset , & quasi tempublicam Romanam propè in discrimen adduxisset mortuus est non sine Veneni suspicione . Qui familiariter illum noverunt , de justificatione hominis rectè sensisse dicunt . Fuit vir cum primis doctus , & extat ejus de magistratibus atque republica Venetorum liber . Id. ibid. l. 14. Vide Carlet . Cons. Eccles. Cathol. contra ●rid . c. 6. De Fid. Justif. In ipso civilium honorum cursu , honestum decorumque sibi & patriae , de Republica Venetorum volumen edidit , ut institutae leges ex antiquo more civitatis in mandandis honoribus ad memoriam posteritati traderentur . Paul . Iov . Elog. Doct. Vir. Vide Sadoleti Epist. l. 9. Gasp. Contareno .

The Doctrine of Justification is handled by him conformable to the Doctrine of Luther and Calvin , and directly against that which was concluded in the Councel of Trent ; this he wrote in the year 1541. a little before that Councel .

His Works are in one Volume .

He hath written ,

De Elementis corumque mixtionibus .

De Potestate Summi Pontificis .

Summa de Conciliis .

De Rep. Veneta , and other Works .

Ant. Conti●s a great Lawyer .

He hath written many Works about the Civil-Law .

Adam Contzen , a subtill Jesuite .

He hath written ,

Politicorum . l. 10.

Coronis omnium Iubilorum anno saeculari Evangelico Scriptorum .

In quatucr Evangelia Comment .

Comment. in Epistolam ad Romanes .

Aulae speculum sive de Statu , & vita aulicorum .

Methodus doctrinae Civilis , and other things .

Sir Edward Cook , very expert in the municipal Laws of our Land , as his Reports , Commentary on Littletons Institutes , and other learned Works in the Law shew .

Robert Cook of Leeds in Yorkshire hath published a learned Book , styled Censura quorundam Scriptorum veterum .

Nicolaus Copernicus , a great Mathematician .

Tycho Brahe cals him , Alterum Ptolomaeum . Nay , he saith , Epist. Astronom l. 1. Ingens ille Copernicus Astronomorum decus , & succinctis , & Latinitati tersiori congruis , in suo illo plusquam Atlantico Revolutionum coelestium opere , usus est verbis . Tych. Brah. Praefat. ad Epist. Astron. Chrystoph . Rothman . Hypothesium concinnitate , & compendiosa Harmonia invenienda , eum longè exupera●at , scientia & ingenio , si quis alius , eminebat , quaeque à Geometria Arithmeticaque ad hanc Artem constituendam requirebantur , perfectissimè callebat .

He held , That the Earth moved , and the Heavens stood still , by occasion of which Hypothesis , our Countreyman William Gilbert brought in his Magnetical Philosophy .

Hinc ergo videtur fuisse primùm facta Gulielmo Gilberto , occasio cudendae , atque invehendae Philosophiae magneticae , quatenus terram magnum magnetem , & magnetem terellam se● parram terram habuit , ac à diurna terrae circa suum axem verticitate pendere eam , quae est in magnete , magneticisque corporibus , statuit . Gassend . in vita Copernici .

Nec tot inconvenientia à terrae motu proveniunt quot plerique arbitrantur , qui quoniam naturalis erit , insensibilis ●vadit . Tych. Brah. Epist. Astron. lib. 1. Christ . De Arte Astronomica , si quis alius optimè meritus . Tych. Brah. De nova Stella l. 1. Incomparabilis ille superioris aetatis Astronomus . Tych. Brah. l. 1. De nova Stella . Diligentissimus motuum coelestium observator . Thuani Hist. Tom. 3. l. 76. Gratias ingentes habemus Copernico , qui constitutione anni siderei magnam Chronologiae lucem intulit . Alsted . Encyclopaed . lib. 17. parte tertia cap. 6. Rothman .

Maturinus Corderius .

His Latine Works are reckoned by Gesner in his Bibliotheca , and his French by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque .

Corinnas .

There were three learned women of that name .

The first a Thebane , which is reported to have overcome Pindar the Prince of the Lyricks five times , and to have put forth five Books of Epigrams .

Propertius in his second Book speaks of her .

Et suae cum antiquae committit scripta Corinnae .

The second was a Thespian , very much celebrated by the Ancients .

The third flourished in the times of Ovid , and was most dear to him .

Iohannes Cornarius a most famous Physician . Ianus Cornarius doctissimus ac celeberrimus Medicus , qui opera Bastlii & Epiphanii duorum celeberrimorum Graecorum Theologorum Hippocratem & jam totum , & quosdam alies aliorum libros primus latinos f●cit , Platonem etiam convertit , Galeni libros plurimos transtulit & perfecit , ut cuncta Galeni opera optimo ordine in aliquot Tomis Basileae ederentur . Neand. Geog. parte prima .

Cornelia the mother of the Gracchi , she hath left Epistles written most accurately . From her the eloquence of her sons did proceed .

Nam Gracchorum Eloquentiae multum contulisse accepimus Corneliam matrem , cujus doctissimus sermo in posteros quoque est Epistolis traditus .

Corradus .

Vir doctissimus , eruditus Ciceronis interpres . Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 1.

Io. Arn. Corvinus , as subtill an Arminian as any , next Arminius himself .

Joannes Arnoldi Corvinus , solus plura pro hac Remonstrantium causa scripsit quam omnes reliqui : & cujus adversus Tilenum responso Tileni à nobis ad ipsos defectionem acceptam ferunt . Walaei Epist. Dedicat. ad Respons. ad ejus censuram .

Fr. Costerus . Dr Halls Decad. of Epist. Dec. 1. Ep. 5. Natione Belga tam scripsit copiosè , tanto concionatus est hominum concursu , ut in praecipuls societatis scriptoribus concionatoribusque videatur numerandus . Biblioth. Script . Societ . Iesu. A Philippo Alegambe edita .

Our Bishop Hall met with him in his travels , he saith thus of him , more teasty then subtil , and more able to wrangle then satisfie .

His En●hiridion Controversiarum is most commended .

Peter Cotton , an eloquent French Jesuite . Cujus 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , ineptias , inscitiam , impudentiam egregiè ac toti mundo sigillatim detexere viri Cl. Theodorus Tronchinus ac Benedictus Turretinus Collegae nostri . Vedel . exercit . in Epist. ad Smyrnenses . c. 2. Homo non protervus sed animi paulo mitioris , quam reliqui sunt in Loyolae schola nutriti : Jesuitici tamen moris tenacissimus . Cham. Praefat. ad Epist. Jesuit .

Cotonus Rhetoricus jactanti●r quam dialecticus acutior . Cham. Praefat. ad 2 dam partem Epist. Iesuit .

A more boasting Orator then acute Logician .

Sir Robert Cotton . Some Posthume works of his are lately published .

So renowned for his great care in collecting and preserving all Antiquity . For which he is often honourably mentioned by B. Usher . and Mr Selden .

Vir praestantissimus Robertus Cottonus , Condus ille ac promus vetustatis longè locupletissimus . Seldeni Praefat. ad Marm. Arund .

Iohn Covel .

A learned Scholar , as his Interpretation of words , and his Institutiones Iuris Anglicani shew .

Miles Coverdale sometimes Bishop of Excester , an exile a long time for the profession Ex primis unus erat , qui renascente Anglorum Ecclesia , cum Roberto Barnso , suae professionis d●ctore , Christum pure docuit . Se totum dedidit ad propagandam Evangelii regni Dei gloriam , ut patet in utriusque Testamenti laboriosissi na versione . Exaravit etiam vir pius & doctus , in nativo sermone confutationem Ioanni Standtcii ordinem rectum caenae Dom. Defensionem cujusdam Christiani . Novi Testamenti concordantias . Catechismum Christianum . Ba●cus De Script . Britan. cent. 9. of the Gospel .

There are these Works of his ,

His Confutation of a Treatise which Io. Standish made against the Protestation of D. Barns .

His Translation of the Bible , and others mentioned by And. Maunsell in his Catalogue of English Books .

Didacus a Covarruvias . Vir & eruditus & valde modestus , cui ad perfectam laudem , sola , meo judicio desit pietas . Cham. Epist. Jesuit . Ignat. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 64.

He was most skilfull in the Civil and Canon-Laws , and in all Learning .

Richard Crakanthorp Doctor of Divinity .

Archbishop Abbot said , His Defensio Ecclesiae Anglicanae contra M. Anton. de Dominis injurias was the most exact piece for controversie since the time of Reformation .

His Defence of Constantine , and others of his Works of Logick and Physick are good .

Thomas Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury , Martyr . He died a Martyr anno 1556 Cranmer a furtherer of learning and godlinesse .

He was the first Archbishop of Canterbury that cast off Antichrist .

As Britain was most blessed under Edward the sixths Reign , so much by his means .

That he might settle the Doctrine of the Gospel in both the Universities , he sent for the most famous Divines out of forraign Naions , and drew them into England , Peter Martyr , Bucer , Fagius , Lascus , Immanuel Tremellius , Bernardus Ochinus , All which with their wives and children were liberally maintained by him .

This way he spent his yearly revenew , so that nothing remained to himself .

He studied the Scriptures diligently and wrote against that grosse opinion of the His English Books are mentioned by Andrew Maunsel in his Catalogue of English books Papists , affirming the carnal presence of Christ in the Sacrament , a Book filled with so much learning and plenty of arguments , that that controversie seems to be handled by none more accurately against the Papists .

Steven Gardiner Bishop of Winchester being prisoner in the Tower by stealth , and largely inveighed against this Book , in that Book which he named Marcus Constantius .

This Peter Martyr learnedly refuted Cranmer being dead .

After the death of King Edward , when Cranmer was advised by his friends to Hoc in Cranmero admirabile visum est , quod etsi mitissimus ac facillimus in omnibus rebus judicare●ur , tamen si divinam veritatem labefactari aut oppugnari à quocunque sentiret , nemo unquam in bellis Imperator majorem animi magnitudinem constantiamque declararet . Antiq. Eccles. Britan. p. 341. flie , If I were ( saith he ) accused of theft , treason , parricide , or any other wickednesse , I could be induced to flie much more easily then in this cause . For when the Question is not concerning my faith toward men , but toward God , and concerning my constancy in the truth of the holy Scripture against Popish errours , I would rather in this case lose my life then leave the Kingdom .

When King Henry purposed to imprison his Daughter Mary being stiffe for the Popish faction , only Cranmer interceded and mitigated the Kings anger , but the ill will that Queen Mary bore him for having a hand in her Mothers Divorce , that inveterate hatred ( I say ) toward him , blotted out all his friendly Offices to her .

Io. Crato . Doctissimus Ioannes Crato trium Imperatorum Archiater foelicissimus . Meibom . in Jesuir . Hipp. c. 12. Peripatetici ordinis magnum illud lumen & columen , Gtyn. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 11. Omnis politioris literaturae Hierophan●es , egregiè clarus ex scriptis suis , quibus & Galenum & Hippocratem illustravit . Boissardi . Icones .

He was born at Uratislavia the chief City of Silesia , anno 1519. a great Philosopher and Physician , and excellent Poet.

He was Counsellour and chief Physician to the Emperours Ferdinand the first , Maximilian the second , Rodulphus the second for twenty six years .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

CHAP. XIV .

CHristophorus Crinesius , Professour of Divinity at Altdorph in Norimberg . Anno Christi 1548.

He was well skilled in the Hebrew , Chaldee , Syriack . He died of an Apoplexy .

These Works of his are published ,

Gymnasium Siriacum .

Lexicon Syriacum .

Babel sive discursus De Confusione Linguarum .

Analysis Novi Testamenti tabulis 27. comprehensa Exercitat . Hebraic .

Pars prior Gymnasii Chaldaici .

Petrus Crinitus . Jucundo eruditoque ingenio juvenis , cum à Cris●a patris Coma Etrusco nomine Riccius ▪ vocaretur , idque nomen fastidiret , Crinitus appellari maluit . Is non iniquo judicio habitus est inter Politiani discipulos disertissimus . Extant enim praeter non illepida poemata , libri de honesta disciplina supraviginti , peramoena & copiosa varietate delectabiles : ac item quinque de Poetis Latinis laboriosè eruditéque perscripti . Paul . Iov . Elog. Doct. vir .

He hath written five Books De Poetis Latinis , though he be held inferiour to Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus , who hath written also of that Argument . De honesta Disciplina pe●amaena ac copiosa varietate lib. 25. delectabiles posteris reliquit . Neand. Geog. part. 1.

Ludovicus Croci●s , Doctor in Divinity , and Professor at Brema .

He hath written an excellent instruction De Ratione Studii Theologici .

His Syntagma Theologiae is very well approved .

He hath published divers other Works :

Commentarius in Titum , in Ephesios .

Apologeticus pro Augustana Confessione .

Assertio Augustanae Confessionis De perseverantia Sanctorum .

Paraeneticus de Theologia Cryptica .

Apodixis paeraen●tica de Messia ad Iudaos per orbem dispersos .

Orator Ecclesiasticus . in Nahum Prophetam .

Iohn Croy , a Learned French Divine . Jo. Croius . Hic book against Morinus not yet published is commended and quoted by those that have perused it . He in his Observat . in N. T. c. 20. p. 163. quotes his own Tract de nominibus Messiae , which I cannot purchase .

He hath written a Treatise entitled Observationes Sacra & Historioae in n●v●m Testamentum , which title , though a Learned . Writer of our own reprehends , and in the book he seems somewhat too sharp against Heinsius , yet that book , and his Specimen conjecturarum & observationum in quadam loca Origenis , Irenaei , Tertulliani & Epiphanii , &c. and his French book entitled , La veritè de la Religion Reformee , declare him to be a good Linguist and an able Scholar generally .

Hannibal * * Vir tatis ingenii & doctrinae ornamentis excultus , quod vel Achilles Ta●uis ab eo Latinitate donatus ad posteritatem non ingratam testabitur . ●huan . Hist. I om. 3. l. 64. Cruceius .

Gasparus Craciger a Learned Divine . He was born Anno 1504. His Works are mentioned by Boissard .

He was very swift in writing , so that of him that of the Epigrammatist might be used ,

Currant verba licet manus est velocior illis : Nondum lingua suum , dextra peregit opus .

Therefore when in the year 1540. there was a conference at Wormes amongst those which differed in Religion , he was the Notary , and received Melancthons and Eccius his words with incredible swiftness , and often admonished Melancthon what he had not answered ; of Eecius his subtilties , therefore Granvelbane Caesars Deputy at that Conference said , Lutherani scribam habent omnibus Pontificiis doctiorem . Melch. Adam . in ejus Vita .

Henry Cuffe , a Learned man , and of Oxford .

He hath written a book of the differences of the ages of mans life .

Iacobus Cujacius , a great light of France . Jurisconsultotum Phoenix , doctor meus multis nominibus de me optimè meritus . Ios. Scalig. in Varr. De re Rustica . Nullus adhuc tam desertus in tota legum vastitate angulus fuerit , quem non ingenii doctrinaeque luce perlustrarit . Ram. Scol . Mathemat . l. 2. Quo doctiorem , acutiorem , aut judicii sincerioris jurisconsultum nulla aeta● vidit , nulla opinor videbit . Cafaub . No● . in Ael . Lamprid. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 99.

His Life is written by Papyrius Massonus .

He is celebrated by Peter Faber ( whose Master he was ) and Casaubon , and others , as the greatest Lawyer of his time .

Pasquier Recherch . de la Fr●nce saith , in many Universities of Germany , when those in the Chair alleadge Cujacius and Turnebus , they put their hands to their hats , for the respect and honour they bear them . He cals him the great Cujacins .

A Protestantium partibus non alienus .

He was thought to be somewhat inclinable to the Protestant Religion , but when any Theologicall question was asked him , he was wont to answer , Nihil hoc ad edictum Praetoris .

Petrns C●naeus . Vir Latinè . Graecè , Hebraicè scientissimus , atque idem eloquentissimus & jurisconsultissimus . V●ss . de Hist. Graec. l. 2.

There are his Animadversions in Nonni Dionysiaca .

Satyra Menippea in castrata .

D. Iuliani Imperatoris Satyra .

His three Books De Repub. Hebraorum are much valued .

Caelius Secundus Curio . He was born Anno 1503. a very Learned Protestant . Omnia tua scripta sunt ingeniosè inventa , prudenter disposita , subtiliter & acutè tractata . Ubique Clarissima a●que illustratissima tum sententiarum gravitate , tum verborum pondere , tum denique rebus personisque aptissima . Cael. Sec. Cur. Epist. l. 1. Beatus Comes Medicus ei .

Vir doctus literarum humaniorum apud Basilienses Professor . Zanch. Epist.

He hath put out Miscellanies , a Book De amplitudine regni Dei .

De utilitate legendae Historiae , and other Works . Vide Boissard . Icones .

His sonne also Caelius Aug. Curio hath published Hieroglyphicks and other Works .

Quintus Curtius * * Q. Curtius diligens , verus Candidus , & prorsus integerrimus scriptor si integrum haberemus . Sub Vespasiano floruisse Curtium & Historiam suam ●didisse prolixa disputatione probabiliter ostendit doctissimus Vossius . Whear . Method . leg . Hist. parte 1 , sect. 12. Probus est legitimusque historicus , si quisquam fuit . Mira ( u● rectè testatur Lipsius ) in Sermone ejus facilitas , in narrationibus lepos : astrictus idem & profluens ; subtilis & Clarus ; sine cura ulla accuratus , verus in judiciis , argutus in sententiis , in orationibus mirificè facundus . Posse● . Biblioth. Sel. Tomo 2 do , l. 10. c. 5. Lips . Not. ad 1. Lib. Polit. idem & plura habet . Latinorum historicorum , qui exstant , post Trogum ( unum si Velleium Patercu●um excipias , qui sub Tiberio vixit ) antiquissimus . Vossii Ars Histor. c. 21. writes pure Latine .

He flourished under the Emperour Vespasian .

Petrus Curtius . Petr●s Curtius in omni literarum genere apprimè eruditus . Ringelbergius De Ratione Studii .

He hath published a Work , De Civitate Castellana Faliscorum .

Nic. de Cusa or Cusanus , a Germane by Nation , Doctor of Divinity and afterward Cardinall . Vir apprimè eruditus , floruit ante Annos 120. Primùm reprehendit quosdam errores & crimina Papae , postea factus Cardinalis eundem tueri caepi● . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. In omni disciplinarum genere diligentissimè versatus scrip●●t praeclara opuscula saepius typis admota tribusque voluminibus distincta . Nomenclat . Sanctae Roman . Eccles. Cardinal .

He is commended by Trithemius for the most skilfull in the Scriptures of all the Divines of his time .

D. Cypriauus , Anno Dom. 250. 244 saith Helvicus . 240 Illyricus . Inter Latinos ad Apostolici pectoris vigorem propius accedit ubique sentias loqui pastorem , ac Martyrio destinatum . Eras. Epist. lib. 1. Epist. 186. Vide etiam l. 28. Epist. 6. Origenis aequalis , nam & ipse quatuor post hunc extinctum annis Martyrio consummatus est . Dallaeus de Pseudep . Apostol. l. 2. c. 6. Versus scripsit Cecilius Cyprianus Afer Pontifex Carthaginiensis , qui Valeriano Imperatore pro Christo neci traditus est , Cujus opera soluta oratione ▪ omnibus nota , nec commendatione indigent . At versus , quia parum cogniti vobis , tantum judicare volui . Sunt verò quo● ego legi , sexaginta novem heroici , do sanctae Crucis ligno , quos si semel legatis , iterum & saepe legetis . Lil. Gyral● . De Poet. Hist. Dial. 5. Carthaginienses fuere Tertullianus & Cyprianus Ecclesiastici scriptores valde eruditi , quarum etiamnum extant scripta Theologica varia , singula in uno opere conjunctim edita . Neand. Geog. par●● tertia . Vi●e Manut. Praefat. In Cyprianum .

He was Bishop of Carthage , and Crowned with Martyrdom .

He wrote a famous Treatise of Mortality to comfort men against death , in the time of a great plague .

His Book de Unitate Ecclesiae is most cited and commended .

Eruditissimus Cyprianus tam vitae sanctitate quam facundia clarus . Pier. Valer. Herog . l. 22. c. 4.

His Deacon Pontianus wrote the story of his Life and Sufferings .

Cyrillus Alexandrinus . Cyrill Bishop of Alexandria , 430. Cyrillus Episcopus Alexandrinus , magis bonus Theologus , quam vir bonus , Iohannis Chrysostomi viri innocentissimi disertissimique in vita & post mortem hostis infensissimus . Sauil. Lectura 1 ● in Euclidem . Cyrillus Alexandrinae Ecclesiae Episcopus , acumine ingenii , subtilitate judicii , eruditionis varietate , docendi facilitate , copiaque disserendi celebris , & pietate syncera conspicuus . Sixt. Senens . Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Circa annum Christi 415. Cyrillus vir ingenii excellentissimi , & in omni doctrinarum genere praeclare instituti , electus Episcopus , & per multos annos tum viva voce gregi suo , tum variis scriptis quorum nonnulla ●●●ant , Christ● Ecclesiis eximiam operam navavit . Illyr. Catal. Test. Ver. l. 5.

He is styled Fortis Athleta by Photius , that valiant Champion of the Church : nay he is styled Beatus Cyrillus twice for condemning the Nestorian Heresie . Lives of the Primitive Fath.

He wrote ten Books against Iulian the Apostate , which being joyned to his other works are full of Learning .

Cyrillus Hierosolymitanus , Cyrill Bishop of Ierusalem , Anno Dom. 370.

His Cateshism is yet extant .

Cyrill Patriarch of Constantinople .

There is his Confessio Fidei .

CHAP. XV. D

JOhn Daillè , a Learned French Divine . Iob. Dallaeus Ecclesiastes Parisiensis in erudito suo opere , cujusmodi sunt omnia illius de usu Patrum . Mares . Theol. Esencht . Nov. Syn. tom . 2. Controvers. 30

My Lord Falkland and Mr Chillingworth made very much use of him in all their Writings against the Romanists . The Lord Falkland was wont to say , it was worth a voyage to Paris to be acquainted with him ; he cals him our Protestant Perron .

He hath written severall Books in French and Latine .

One , Of the Right use of the Fathers , translated into English , and highly esteemed .

Against Milletier .

A most accurate Commentary De Imaginibus .

An Apology for the French Churches .

A most accurate Demonstration of Faith out of the Scriptures .

De Satisfactionibus & Poenis .

De Pseudepigraphis .

De Iejuniis & Quadragesima , an elegant Piece .

Iohn Damascene , 740. Anno Aerae Christi 727. Calvis . Chron. 716. Helv. Vir ut apparet , sui saeculi eruditissimus , & in veterum monimentis versatissimus . Dalleus De Pseudepig . Apost. lib. 3. cap. 19.

He was born in Damascus , See Act. 9. 2.

One that laid the Foundation of School Divinity amongst the Greeks , as Peter Lombard afterward did among the Latines .

He was the first amongst the Greeks which hath handled Divinity in Philosophicall terms , and who wrote for the adoration of Images , therefore they put him among their Saints .

Nicolaus Damascenus . Augusti Caesaris amicus : qui & ab eo placentis , vel potius dactylis Nicolaorum nomen imposuit . Voss. ibid.

Vastissimae eruditionis vir , nec sine laude nominandus . Vossius de Rat. Stud.

Pet. Damianus . There are his Epistolae cum aliis opusculis . De Institut. Ecclesiast. Fuit Episcopus Ostiensis , & floruit circa annum 1050. Is multis in locis corruptelas Ecclesiae suorum temporum perstringit . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 12. and other Works .

Damasus the first Pope , a Spaniard : He had an elegant wit in composing verses , Vir in divinis Scripturis eruditissimus : & in saecularibus litteris egregiè doctus : rhetor & poeta celeberrimus : & in componendis versibus peritissimus : ingenio subtilis : vita devotus atque sanctissimus , claruit sub Valentiano & Valente Anno Dom. CCCLXX . Bibl. Hispan . Tom. 2. as Ierom and Suidas say .

He appointed the Psalms to be sung alternis vicibus in the Church , and in the end of them these words were added , Gloria patri , filio , & spiritui sancto . Matth. Westm. & alii .

He first gave authority to Ieroms Writings , when before the Writings of the Septuagint were only esteemed . Platina .

Lambertus Danaeus , a French Divine of Orleance . Quin & Lambertus Danaeus , vir sanè apprimè eruditus , & de instruendis aliis optimè meritus , Physicam suam Theologicam , tam ex veteri quam novo Codice non inutili labore extruxit . Tych. Brab . Epist. Astron. l. 1. Christ . Rothman . Quaecunque tua Doctissime Danae● , habere hactenus potui , ea cum magna animi voluptate legi , & non sine tructu . Quam vero in tuis scriptis observavi tum singularem pietatem , tum eruditionem non vulgarem : ea effecit ut te pridem observaverim atque coluerim , quanquam nihil unquam tibi significavi de meo erga te animo . Zanch. Epist. l. 2. ad Lambertum Danaeum . Libellus tuus de Antichristo accuratissimè conscriptus . Nihil adhuc legi in hoc genere brevius simul & luculentius . Id. ibid. In Patribus & Scholastica Theologia ita versatus fuit , ut non facile crediderim extitisse aliquem , qui in illo studiorum genere hunc antecelluer it . Meurs . Athen. Bat. l. 2.

Petrus Danesius .

He was most skilfull in the Greek tongue , and Professor of it in the reign of Francis the first King of France . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 64

He was at the Councell of Trent , and a Doctor of Divinity of Paris there making an Oration against the abuse of Benefices at Rome ; another mocking said to his fellows , Gallus cantat , the Frenchman sings , or the Cock crows : to whom Petrus Danesius wittily replied , Utinam Gallicinio Petrus ad resipiscentiam & fletum excitetur .

Olim Francisci 11. praeceptor , & ob id Vaurensi Episcopatu donatus , homo doctissimus , quanquam nullis editis scriptis , meruit , ut inter doctrina & literis politioribus praestantes hujus aevi viros numeretur . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 63. Vide Scaev. Samarth . Elog. Gall.

Dantes Aligherius . Poeta sui saeculi nulli secundus , Italus natione , patria Florentinus . Durantès ab initio vocatus , int●●ciso deinde , ut fit in pueris , vocabulo , Dantes . Natus anno 1265. libera libus artibus in Patria legitime eruditus , poeticae deditus ab ipsa pueritia fuit . Scripsit opusculum de Monarchia , ubi ejus fuit opinio quòd imperium ab Ecclesia minime dependeret . Cujus rei gratia tanquam haereticus post ejus exitum damnatus est , cum aliorum , tum Bartoli jurisperiti sententia super lege 1. c. praesules lib digestorum de inquirendis reis . Volatarrani Anthropol . l. 21. p. 771. Petrarcha & Dantis poemata illa Italica quae statum Ecclefiae subinde attingunt , ●prae aliis poetis potissimum leguntur à Theologis . Voet. Biblioth. l. 2. Sect. prior . c. 8. Dantes Algerius & Franciscus Petrarcha , primi Philosophiae , bonarum artium , & omnis eruditionis rostauratores . Heereb . Epist. Dedicat. ad Disputat . ex Philos. select . Dantes Florentinus floruit ante annos 280. fuit vir pius & doctus , ut multi scriptores , & praesertim ipsius scripta testantur . Scrips●t librum quem appellavit Monarchiam . In eo probavit Papam non esse supra Imperatorem nec habere aliquod Imperium . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 18. Boissard . Icon.

His Life is written by Paprius Massonus .

Dantes the first Italian Poet of note , being a great and wealthy man in Florence . He lived in the time of Ludovicus the Emperour , about the year of our Lord 1300. and took part with Marsilius Patavinus against three sorts of men , which he said were enemies to the truth : that is , the Pope . Secondly , the order of Religious men . Thirdly , the Doctors of Decrees and Decretals .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

Dantes quidam Aligherius , quintus ut aiebat , à Dante Florentino poeta . Polit ▪ Miscel. C●nt. 1. c. 19. Vide Pier. Valer. De Literatorum infelicitate l. 1.

Claudius Dausqueius .

He hath put out these Works , Vir egregiae doctrinae , & industriae , ac de re literaria optimè meritus . Voss. De Vitiis Sermonis , lib. 1. cap. 20.

S. Pauli Apostoli sanctitudo in utero , extra , in solo , incaelo .

Conciliabuli Dordraceni ascia .

Antiqui , novique Lat. Orthographica .

Iohn Davenant Bishop of Salisbury , a Learned and Judicious Divine , as his Exposition of the Colossians , his Praelectiones de duobus in Theologia Controversis capitibus , de Iudice Controversiorum , & de Iustitia habltuali & actuali , his Determinations and other Works , both in Latine and English shew .

Philippus Decius . Qui Concilio Pifano interfuit , inque eo causam Cardinalium adversus .

The most famous Lawyer of Italy in his time . He died Anno salutis Christianae M. D. XXXV .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard , and many of them in the Oxford Catalogue .

Pontificem Iulium secundum defendit . Gerh. Confess . Cath. l. 1. General . part. 2. c. 3.

Iohn Dee , a Learned Englishman . Perspicaci ingenio praeditus , praecipuaque industria & subtilitate quae sunt Philosophica , tractat . Ty●h . Brah. De Nova Stella , l. ● . c. 9.

There are severall Works of his published .

De praestantioribus naturae viribus .

Monas Hieroglyphica .

Propaedeumata , Aphoristica .

Mathematicall Preface to Euclides Elements .

Parallaticae Commentationis praxeosque nucleus quidam .

Eruditus is tractatulus sanè , appriméque ingeniosus , nec parùm ad Paralaxium differentias enucleandas atque ab invicem discernendas conducens . Tych. Brah. De nova Stella . c. 9.

His generall and rare Memorials .

Martinus Antonius Delrio is much commended by Philippus Alegambe in his Brugensis pattiâ , Hispanus origine , vir maximis hujus aevi Heroibus ad numerandus , Poeta , Orator , Historicus , Jurisconsultus , Theologus , variorum item idiomatum scientissimus fuit Anton. Sand. de Brugensibus eruditione claris , l. 1. Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Iesu , as a great Linguist and generall Scholar : but Ioseph Scaliger in his Elench. Trihaeres . Serar . as much slights him .

He hath published divers Works , many of which are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Demosthenes , his force in pleading is commended . Sequitur Oratorum ingens manus , cùm decem simul Athenis aetas una tulerit : quorum longè princeps Demosthenes , ac penè lex orandi fuit , tanta vis in eo , tam densa omnia , ita quibusdam nervis intenta sunt , tam nihil ociosum ; is dicendi modus , ut ne quod desit in eo , nec quod redundet invenias . Qui●til . Institut. Orat. l. 10. c. 1. Vide Voss●i Epist. ad Artem Grammaticam . Inclarescit An. Dom. 3587. Ante Christum natum 361. Calvis . Chron. 3614. Helv. Chron. In Demosthene absoluta est linguae illius vis ac gratia . Lud. Viv. de trad. Discip. l. 3. Legi omnes penè Orationes Demosthenis . Dicuntur illius germanae sexaginta quinque : quarum elegantiores quae ad populum , quam quae ad Senatum habitae , à pluribus judicantur . Pho●ii Bibliotheca , p. 1466.

Qui populum flectit , de mulcet , mitigat , urget , Nominat hunc tellus Attica vim populi . Paschasii Icones .

His Book de Corona is most esteemed .

He wrote out Thucidides eight times , that he might better imitate him in his Orations . See in Plutarks Lives a witty reply of his to the thief Chalcus .

Thomas Dempster * * He p●nned a work of 5000 illustrious Scots . , a Learned Scotchman . Multisciae lectionis & eruditionis vir . Dilher . Disput. Acad.

Eruditus Scotus , beneque de literis meritus . Voss. de vitiis Sermonis , l. 1. c. 10.

He hath published ,

Antiquitatum Rom. corpus absolutissimum .

Historia Ecclesiastica gentis Scotorum , Apparatus ad Historiam Scoticam , Scotorum Scriptorum nomenclatura .

De Iuramento l. 3. and other Works .

Iohn Deodate , an eminent Divine , as his Annotations on the Bible in Italian and French shew .

Videlius Rational . Theol. l. ● . c. 6. cals them Aureas Annotationes .

He was sent from Genevah to the Synod of Dort .

Vir Reverendus & jampridem optimè de Ecclesia mereus D. Ioannes Deodatus , doctissima versione Gallica & notis . Cocc . Praefat. ad Iob.

Edward Dering , a solid Divine .

He defended Bishop Iewell against Harding .

And hath published some Sermons and Lectures on some of the first Chapters of the Hebrews . Flander , Grammaticorum Coryphae ▪ us , & Flandriae Priscianus ubique celeber & in scholis receptus . Swertii Athenae Belgicae . Ne suus Belgis deesset Priscianus , Ninive , quae Ninovia vulgò , Flandriae oppidum , Ioannem Despauterium , Grammaticorum sui temporis Coryphaeum extulit . Ut & in Synodo Machliniensi Patres Alexandro a villa Dei , & aliis explosis , unum illum inventuti in manus tradendum decreverint . Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg.

Io Despauterius , the Prince of the Grammarians of his age , so Vossius de Arte Grammatico , l. 1. c. 3.

He had but one eye .

Hic jacet unoculus , visu praestantior Argo , Nomen Ioannes , cui Ninivita fuit .

Ioannes Ninivita , sine malis Despauterius , ( Nec enim vir , bene adeò de literatura pro illo quidem tempore meritus , indignus est vulgatiore nomine chartis nostris signari etsi aliter Grande quid spirantibus videatur . ) Nobilis ille Grammaticus . Vossius De vitiis Sermonis , l. 1. c. 6.

Antonius Deusingius , a Learned Physitian .

Burgersdicius was his Master in Physick and Logick . Golius for the Mathematicks and Arabick . He was intimate with Constantine L'Empereur , Ludovicus de Dieu and Elichmannus , who were skilfull in many of the Orientall Languages .

His Works are mentioned Vit. Profes . Groningae . Fuit historicus & P●eta . Hic primum . A quileiae Diaconus , mo● ob egregios mores & doctrinam , Desiderio Longobardorum regi Chariffimus , & apud eum ab Epistolis & secretis fuit . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Hist. Dial. 5.

Paulus Diaconus .

These Works of his are published ,

Hist. Miscellae auctae à Landulpho Sagaci , & illustratae ab Hen. Canisio .

Ab Ant. Augustino Epitome . De gestis Romanorum .

David Dickson , a good Scottish Expositour .

He hath written Notes on all Pauls Epistles in Latine , on the Psalms , Matthew and the Hebrews in English .

Didymus Caecus , Anno Dom. 360. Ieroms Master , he was much regarded by Didymus Grammaticus ab assiduis labo●ibus dictus 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , quasi aenea habens intestina . Dilb . Laudat . Funeb . Gerb. the ancient Fathers .

He was an Ecclesiasticall Writer , and an excellent Mathematician . He much troubled the Arians , whilst he constantly defended the doctrine of the Councell of Nice . Antony that great Monk of Egypt coming to Alexandria , thus spake to him , Non grave tibi , nec molestum debet esse , Didyme , illis carere oculis , quorum lacertae , mures , & alia minuta abjectaque animalia participia sunt , sed beatum & jucundum potiùs , quod oculos habes similes Angelorum , quibus verè Deum contemplaris . Sozom. l. 3. c. 14. Dydimus Alexandrinus , captus à parva aetate oculis , & ob id , elementorum quoque ignarus , tantum miraculum sui omnibus praebuit , ut Dialecticam quoque & Geometriam , quae vel maximè visu indigent , usque ad perfectum didicerit . Hieron . De Illust. Eccles. Script . Didymus Alexandrinus , cùm quinquennis oculorum visum amisisset , diligentia eò eruditionis pervenit , ut omnes excellere videretur , ideoque ab Athanasio Scholae Alexandrinae praefectus fuerat . Hic Originem adeo admiratus est , ut omnia ejus dicta pro oraculis haberet , unde non exigua in Ecclesiam redundavit perturbatio . Calvis . Chronol.

Aubertus Miraeus in the 7th Decade of his Elogia Belgica , mentions Carolus Fernandus , Parsevaldas Belligenius , and Nicasius Vordanus , for Learned ( though blinde ) men .

Ludovicus de Dieu , a French Minister , well skil'd in the Orientall tongues , and Lud. de Dieu Vir in linguâ Syriacâ incomparabilis . Dilb . Disput. Acad. Tom. 2. Quem , quotiescunque ipsius in scriptis meis mentionem facio , per conscientiam nequeo quin encomiis extollam , qui tanta pietate , theologiae verae , artium , & linguarum ferme omnium cognitione syderis instar ex alto corrus●antis eminet . Constantini L'Empereur Epist. Dedicat. ad Itinerarium Benjaminis . who hath Commented well on the Evangelists and Acts , and also a pious man .

Ille Phoenix sacrae Philologiae . Dilh. Disput. Acad. Tom. 1.

He hath translated a Persian book written by Xaverius into Latine , and hath published it together with the Persian Originall , and Notes .

Sir Iames Dier , a Reverend Father of the Common-Law , and Chief Justice of the Common-pleas .

His Book entitled Un Abridgement de tous les cases , was printed after his decease , in Anno 25. reg. Eliz.

Everard Digby .

He hath published these Works ,

Admonitioni Fran. Mildappetti de unica Pet. Rami methodo retinenda responsio .

De duplici methodo , lib. 2.

Theor. Anal. De arte Natandi .

Sir Kenelm Digby is an ingenious Learned Gentleman , and an ornament of this Nation , as his Book of Bodies shews .

Leonard Digges .

There are these Works of his ,

Prognostication everlasting , a Mathematicall Discourse of Geometricall Solids . Generosi Stemmatis vir & eximius Mathematicus Thomas Diggeseus Anglus . Tych. Brah. l. 1. De Nova Stella c. 9.

Thomas Digges his sonne .

There is a Book of his named Stratioticos .

Another styled Pantometria , lib. 3.

Nova Corpora Regularia .

And another styled Alae seu scalae Mathematicae . Of which Work Tyche Brahe l. 1. De Nova Stella , c. 9. gives this censure ,

Etsi verò admodum eruditum & ingeniosum sit hoc scriptum , atque Mathematum excellentem peritiam prae se ferat : tamen si liceat , id quod res est , dicere , in recessu intimo , quod primo accessu , & tam magnifico speciosoque titulo spondet , quàm minimum prastat . Nam ne Stellae quidem novae , eujus principaliter ratio habenda fuit , Phoenomena , prout decuit , commodè explicata : nedum ut Planetarum omnium itinera inaccessa novo modo expediat . Vide plura ibid.

Iohn Michael Dilher , Gerhards Scholar , Publick Professor at Iena , a Learned Critick , as his Electa , Eclogae , his Disputationes Academicae shew .

Diodorus Siculus . Legimus Diodori Siculi Historiarum libros quadraginta , qui universam quandam mundi continent historiā . Stylo utitur perspicuo , nec affectato , sed qui historiam maximè deceat . Triginta annos , ut de se fatetur , huic scribendae historiae impendit , varlis interim regionibus discendi gratia peragratis periculisque ut fit , obitis , ac superatis Photii Bibliothec. p. 103. Ex Aegypto sive Aegyptio Siciliae Civitate Siculus appellatus , quem Plinius inter Graecos ait desiisse nugari : Justinus Martyr celeberrimum Graecorum Historicorum . Eusebius autem Pamphili illustrem virum appellarunt : totos triginta annos in condenda Bibliotheca se insumpsisse , & magnam Europae atque Asiae partem magnis cum aerumnis , atque periculis peragrasse testatur . Possev . Biblioth. Select . Tom. 2. l. 16. c. 14. Diodorus Siculus quadraginta libris bibliothecam sive historiam mille centum & triginta octo annorum condit , qui terminantur Caesaris expeditione contra Gallias . Geneb . Chronol. l. 2. Vide Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 2.

He searched out the Antiquities of Nations with greatest diligence . A most famous Writer , and to whom for the knowledge of Antiquity , Greece hath scarce his equall .

He saith he bestowed thirty years about his History . Paulus Aemilius spent thirty yeares about his French History . Paulus Iovius thirty seven in his History .

Diogenes Laertius . He hath written well the Lives of the ancient Philosophers . 4. 238. Diogenes Laertius videtur Philosophorum vitas & alia scripsisse . Geneb . Chron. lib. 3.

Dio Cassius , Anno aerae Christianae 218. Helv. Chron. Scripsit Dion Historiarum libros octoginta , inchoando ab Aeneae in Italiam adventu , & Alba Urbe , ac Romi conditâ . Unde continenter pergebat , & in ejus qui Heliogaebalus est cognominatus , caede finivit . Sed primi triginta quatuor libri periere : sequentes viginti quinque extant ; qui inde sequebantur , pariter interciderunt . Whear . Method . leg . Hist. part . 1. Sect. 20.

An ancient grave Historian , a Consull himself .

Vir & doctrinâ , & prudentiâ , & nobilitate insignis : Nam & viro Consulari natus , & ipse bis consulatum gessit ; & Praetor Africae , Dalmatiae ac Pannoniae praefectus est . Crakanth . de Providentia Dei .

It is one of the Laws of History to relate only things memorable , this Law he diligently observed .

Nusquam ad minutias dilabitur , vel si quid , quod levius videatur , minimè praeterire volet , excusatione utitur : ut facilè liqueat , neutiquam imprudentiâ , vel inscitia peccare . Ger. Joan. Vos . Ars Histor. c. 11.

Dion Chrysostomus .

He was sirnamed Chrysostom for his Eloquence , whose 80 Greek Orations were long since published at Venice .

Amongst other of his Orations , that Oration is of all most copious , de Ilie à Graecis nunquam Capto .

CHAP. XVI .

DIonysius Areopagita . Dionysius falsly called the Areopagite , whom neither Atheniensis Philosophus insignis , per beatum Paulum Apostolum conversus ad fidem , vir eximiae sanctitatis & incomparabilis doctrinae . Trithē . de Script . Eccles. Eusebius , nor Hieronymus , nor Gennadius , gatherers of all Ecclesiasticall Writers , before their time did know . Fulke Answ. to Sand. Cavils on the L. Supper .

One of that name was born at Athens the most famous City of all Greece , the mother of all Arts and Sciences . He and his wife Damaris were converted by St Paul to the true faith , Act. 17. 34.

There are his Greek Works cum Scholiis Maximi & Paraphrasi Gregorii Paychymeri , and his Latine Works per Ioach. Perionium cum Scholiis .

His Epistles and Greek Liturgy , and other things go under his name , but our Divines generally hold them to be supposititious , and so some of the Learned Papists hold . Dionysius Alexandrinus Origenis discipulus , Scholia in opera Dionisii Areopagitae , quae extant , scripsit . Genebr . Chron. l. 3. Hujus scriptoris fides parvi merito , in fidei dogmatis , aestimandus . Nec enim idem est Dionysius ille Areopagita , cujus Acta Apostolorum c. 17. 34. meminerunt , sed multò recentior auctor & à puritate ac simplicitate Apostolica remotissimus : quemadmodum accurate & perspicuè è multis demonstratum est : & quatuor insignes rationes initio Bibliothecae Photii referuntur . Gomari Auticosterus l. 2. c 5.

Utrum libri qui ejus nomine circumferuntur genuini sint , controvertitur . Nam quam vis illorum Author pro Dionysio Areopagita haberi velit , nihilominus ex Adversariis ipsis viri quidam Doctissimi id incertum esse aiunt , Rhodiginus , Rhenanus , Roffensis , Cajetanus : alii simpliciter nobiscum negant , Faventius , Gaza , Valla , Erasmus & apud Erasmum Grocinus , Cassander , & novissimè Hubertus , ac licet non ex professio satis , apertè tamen Sirmondus ac Launaeus , & denique Petavius , Reliqui minus in Gr●cis versati vehementer affirmant , Baronius , Possevinus , Perronius , Bellarminus , qui tamen vacillat , Delrio , Alloix , & alii nonnulli . Albertinus de Sacramento Eucharistiae , l. 2. c. 1.

He proves further there in that Chapter , and Chap. 2. by severall Arguments that it is a Pseudonysius . Vide Gerhard . Patrologiam . & Dilher . Disput. Acad. Tom. 2. De Areopago p. 310.

Dionysius Halycarnasseus , a famous Historian . Homo Graecus , de Romanis multo veriùs ac melius scripsit , quam Fabius , Salustius , aut Cato , qui in sua Republica opibus & honoribus floruerunt . Ejus major fides est in historia , quam Livii , Tranquilli , Taciti , Arriani : quippe de aliena non de sua Republica scripsit , & omnium Commentarios , ac Civitatis arcana , ex Actis publicis collegit , propter moderatum dicendi genus & Atticam puritatem , antiquitates Romanorum ab ipsius origine urbis tanta diligentia conscripsit , ut Graecos omnes ac Latinos superasse videatur . Possev . Biblioth. Select . Tome 2 do l. 16. c. 13. Vir quidem doctissimus & rhetor ac Criticus excellentissimus : sed profecto politicus interdum parum bonus , & censor alienorum scriptorum alicubi morosus , ne dicam putidus . Casaub. Coment , in Polyb. Vide Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 3. Dionysius H●licarnasseius scriptor diligentissimus , qui omnia quaecunque à scriptorum legibus & institutis Romanorum legibus constituta aut moribus recepta erant , studiosè observavit . Herald . Animadvers . In Salmas . Observat. Ad Jus. Attic. & Rom. l. 4. c. 4.

Scalig. de Emendat . Temp. l. 5. cals him a most sweet and diligent Writer . Sigonius Diligentem antiquitatum investigatorem . Gravis sanè auctor , & cui non minimum debet Historia Romana . Pignor. Symbol . Epistol. Ep. 44. Vide plura ibid.

Dioscorides , an ancient Herbalist . His Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue . Rembertus * * Nascitur anno Incarnationis Dei M. D. XVIII . Nomen ejus nunquam moriturum , ob maximam medicae & Herbariae cognitionem . Duobus maximis Imperatoribus commendatus Maximiliano ejusque filio Rudolpho secundo . Swertii Athen● Belgica . Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 82. Dodonaeus .

His Herball is commonly known . Editis in lucem plantarum historiis magnum sibi nomen comparavit . Castellani vita Illust Med.

He hath written also other Physick Treatises .

Steven Dolet , a Learned Frenchman . Esti enne Dolet d'Orleans homme bien versè es bonnes lettres , & ez langue Greque & Latine , a estè des premiers qui ont illustré nostre langue Francoise . Antoine Du Verdier .

He hath written Commentaries of the Latine Tongue , as Budaeus hath of the Greek . In quibus utique ordo est aliquis & talis , qui arguat ingenium magnum in istis viris . Methodi tamen ordo non est . Bibliand . de Rat. Com. omnium Ling.

His French and Latine Works are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque .

Aelius Donatus , a great Grammarian . Anno gratiae 353. Donatus , Artis Grammaticae scriptor & institutor Romae iliustris habetur . Matth. Westm.

He hath Commented excellently on Terence .

Marcellus Donatus .

Vir caetera doctissimus & medicus excellens . Meibomii Mecenas c. 23.

He hath published In Tacitum dilucidationes , in Livium , Suetonium , & alios , and severall Physicall Treatises .

Hieronymus Donatus .

He was a Poet , Orator , Philosopher , Divine , Mathematician , yet was so Vir nescio utrum gravior , an doctior , an etiam humanior , certe omni lepore affluens , omni vetu state , cujus tamen ob id vereor , ne levior euiquam censura videatur , quoniam me pulcherrimo carmine : & Epistola una atque altera mirè laudavit . Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1. c. 90. troubled about his houshold affairs , and his inferiours so disobedient to his commands , that unless he had eased his cares with study , he had been a most miserable man . Pier. Valer. de Litteratorum infelicitate .

Hugo Done●●us , a great Lawyer .

Vera pietate atque eruditione Clarus . Zanch. Epist.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard .

He taught the Civil Law some years in Heidelberg the chief University of all Germany , and was Rector of that University .

Tanta sa●e laude Ius Civile explanavit , ut veterum Iuriscensultorum aliquis Paulus , Ulpianus , aut Papinianus revixisse , illorumque animam , ex Pythagorae sententia , recepisse videretur . Lud. Jacob. Declar. Scrip. Cabclon . l. 1.

Ianus Douza * * Multiplex erat in viro lectio : incredibilis penè memoria : Graecarum ac Latinatum literarum ; historiae veteris ac novae nihil , de quo rogatus non ex tempore responderer . Unus Bataviae Varro , & Academiae commune oraculam . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita . Vide plura ibid. , Anno Christi 1545.

He was famous for Warlick Valour and Learning both .

He was one of great reading , incredible memory , skil'd both in Greek and Latine , History Ancient and Modern . He would answer well to any questions ex tempore . He was employed in many Embassies for his Country , Nec ullius ore saepiùs locuta est Batavia , quam Dousico . Melch. Adam .

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his life .

His son Ianus Douza was also an eminent Scholar , and died in his prime . Vide Hic acceptam à parente nominis claritatem ingenii sui luce illustravit . Trium linguarum exquisita cognitio , Antiquitatis , legumque Romanarum intelligentia , & Mathematicae totius , totiusque Philosophiae notitia . Meurs Athen. Batav . Ianuus Duza & literarum & fortitudinis in Lugdunensi Obsidione olim probatae nomine clari filius , juvenis admirabili ingenio , excellenti doctrina cum rara morum suavitate conjuncta praeditus , cum ex peregrinatione longinqua rediisset , quasi in portu nau●ragium secisset , anno aetatis XXIV . ereptus . Thuan. Hist. Tomo 5 to l. 117. Woweri Epist. Cent. 1. Epist. 11.

George Downeham ,

A Learned and godly Bishop .

He hath written excellently upon Ramus his Logick , and de Antichristo ; and many usefull English Treatises , of Justification , the Covenant , and other Subjects .

Andrew Downes , the Regius Professour of Greek in Cambridge . He hath published Praecipua laus in hac , ut in caeteris Epistolis , Doctissimi Dounaei eruditissimis notis habetur . Savil. in Hom. Chrysost. In Epist. ad Galat. some notes on Chrysostome , which are in the 8th Volume put out by Sir Henry Savill . He hath also put out Praelectiones in Philippicam primam Demosthenis .

Sir Francis Drake .

He first of all men sailed about the whole world . Martinus Forbisserius Anglus anno ●577 . 26 Maii ad quae , rendas novas terras in Septentrione incredibili & inaudito hactenus ausu , sumptibus Reginae suae navigationem instituit , atque superatis multis immensis difficultatibus navigationis , reperit tandem in Septentrione mense Augusto auri tantam copiam , ut co repleverit 200 dolia sine tonnas auri , quibus oneratis navibus in Angliam 17 Septembris incolumis reversus est . Neand. Geog. Oceani Iusulae .

Franciscus Dracus famosissimus , ut Hispani vocant pyrata , sive ut citra odium dicatur , celeberrimus universi orbis lustrator . Thuan. Hist. Tome quinto , parte prima , l. 114.

Hier. Drexelius , a Learned Jesuite . Natione Germanus , patria Augustanus totis XXII annis Serenissimi Bavariae Electoris Maximiliani Concionatorem egit . In scribendo eam adhibuit styli suavitatem cum modesta gravitate , religiosâque circumspectione conjunctam , ut passim ab Acatholicis ejus scripta legantur . & commendentur . Tanti eum Maximinianus Elector fecit , ut cum suo medico salutem ejus commendaret , diceret , Pluris interesse Reipublicae bono vivere Drexelium , quam Maximilianum . Biblioth. Scriptorum Societ . Iesu A Philippo Alegambe edita .

Ioannes Driedo .

Aubertus Miraeus in his Elogia Belgica commends him for a Learned man .

His Works are published in 4 Tomes .

Io. Drusius . Vivere desiit 1616.

He was a great Hebrician and well versed in the Rabbins , and hath given great light to a large part of the Scripture , by his notes upon a great part of it , and his

Natus Aldenardae oppido Fland●iae .

In Anglia linguam Hebraic●m didicit , & quatuor annos Oxoniae docuit . Lugduni Batavorum annos septem . Hinc postea Franekeram Frisiorum ad Academiam tunc primum ibi nascentem , vocatus , eandem ibidem professus est . Swertii Athenae Belgicae .

Observations , Paralells , Miscellanies , Questions , Tract . De quaesitis per Epistolam , De tribus sectis Iudaeorum , and other Philologicall Treatises .

Fr. Duarenus , a Learned Lawyer . Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. lib. 23.

His Works are in one Volume .

Fronto * * Natione Gallus , patria Burdegalensis , parentem habuit ea in urbe Senatorem . Vir fuit eruditione , & morum suavitate carus etiam iis , qui iniquiore animo in Societatem erant ; ut vulgò passim à maledictis in nostrum ordinem vibratis exceptum eum esse vellent . Antiquitatis totius cognitione maxime nobilis fuit ; quem non alii duntaxat Scriptores , verum etiam Cardinalis Baronius tomo 9. Annalium honerificè memorat , virum insignis doctrinae ac pietatis . Post eloquentiae & Sacrarum Literarum explicationem , aggressus est Sanctorum Patrum opera recensere , notis illustrare , Graecè Latineque recudere . Bibliothec . Scriptorum Societ . Iesu A Philippo Alegambe edita . Ducaeus , a Learned and candid Jesuite .

Vir doctissimus , & cui Chrysostomus noster plurimum debet . Savil. not . in Psalm . Chrysost.

Guil. Durandus , a most famous Bishop . Anno aerae Christi 1273. Helv. Chron. Gulielmus Durandus omnis divini humanique juris consultissimus , natione Vasco , Gallus Episcopus Mimatensis floruit circa 1300 Domini annum . Scripsit Speculum Iuris , unde speculator est dictus . Multa profectò utilia author monuit , & praecipuè de reformatione Papae & Cler● . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 16.

Pasquier Recherch . de la France , l. 9. c. 35. saith there were these remarkable excellencies in him ; he was a great Poet , a great Divine , a great Lawyer .

He put out a Book entitled Speculum Iuris , divided into three great Tomes . As Lombard among Divines is not quoted by his own name , but by that of Master of the Sentences , so among the Lawyers he is not quoted by the name of William Durand , but he is styled Speculator .

He delivered this sentence about the Sacrament : Verbum audimus , modum sentimus , modum nescimus , praesentiam credimus .

Durandus * * Inter Doctores Scholasticos non contemnendus vixit circa annum 1320. post Thomae Aquinatis seculum Durandus de sancto Portiano Dominicanus & postea Episcopus Anicensis ut refert Trithemius , Scripta Thomae primum propugnavit quae postea oppugnavit acerrimè . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 16. à S. Portiano , a Schoolman .

He hath written upon the Sentences . Of him those verses were written ,

Durus Durandus jacet hic sub marmore duro , An sit salvandus ego nescio nec ego curo .

Samuel Durant , a holy man when he lived , and an eloquent Preacher at Paris . He hath explained 1 Thess. 5. 19. in three most eloquēt Sermōs . Tantae eloquentiae , ut cum Pericle , non tam loqui quam fulgurare & fulminare videretur . Vit. Profes . Gr●vingae . Sam. Mares .

Ioannes Stephanus * * Celebris illa de ritibus Ecclesiae lucubratio , quam ut Catholicis partibus apprimè utilem Sixtus ipse Pontifex Maximus tanta excepit cum admiratione , ut & eam Romae suis impensis excudi jusserit , & ejus auctorem Durantum incredibili favore benevolentiaque sit amplexus . Scaev. Samarth . Gallorum doctrina illustrium Elogia . Durantus , President Senatus Tholosani .

He hath written a learned Book de Ritibus Ecclesiae , of Ecclesiasticall Rites , his tumultuating Citizens killed him .

Claudius Duret , a great French Lawyer . Quin nec magni illius . Viri Dureti , qui juri institaeque hic praesidet , nomen indictum relinquendum . Mirantur virum hunc , qui linguarum thesaurum deque earum originibus scripta ab eo edita legerunt . Iodoc. Sincer. Itinerar . Gall.

He hath written Thresor de l' histoire des langues , a Treasure of Languages and their Originals .

Ludovicus Duretus , a most Learned Physitian , and as Heurnius was wont often to say , In medicorum ordine tertius . Caroli noni & Henrici tertii Galliarum & Poloniae regum perpetuus cubicularius medicus fuit .

Prisca quod Hippocrati venerando debuit aetas , Dureto cur non debeat Hippocrates ? Ille suâ morbos immaneis arte fugavit Hic à morte sui vendicat Hippocratem . Stephanus Paschasius .

Heurnius heard him diligently three whole years , so that he would not miss a Lecture . And when Duretus saw him once coming in late , he let fall this passage Melch. Ad. vit. Germ. Medic. in vita Heurnii . more then once , Mi adolescens , do●eo jam quadam dicta quorum non es particeps , a great token of his affection toward Heurnius .

CHAP. XVII . E

KIng Edward the 6th , our English Iosiah . Hayward hath written his Life well ▪ S. P. Luctuosissima quidem nobis ad audiendum fuit , & adhuc ad recordandum acerbissima est , regis mors , qui in tanta fuit expectatione Clementiae , prudentiae , doctrinae , religionis , ut non vester solùm , verum etiam noster & omnium rex hominum fore videretur . Ioan. Sturm . Epist. Domino Pagetto . Pro serenissimo rege qui ad miraculum usque in pietatis , & literarum studiis proficit , preces vestras ●ccumulate . Calv. Epist. & Respons. N. Calvino . Vide ibid. p. 315. & Vossii Epist. ad Artem Grammaticam . Eodem fere tempore , res in Anglia turbatae fuerant , ob regis , Eduardi Sexti , mortem , adolescentis maximae expectationis , propter raram ad omne genus virtutis indolem , & natura inditam , & doctrina excultam . Buchanan . Rerum Scotic . Hist. l. 16.

He was admirable by reason of his rare towardness and hope both of Vertue and Learning , which in him appeared above the capacity of his years . Favour and love of Religion was in him from his childhood . Such an instrument given of God to the Church of England he was , as England never had better .

Cardan saith this of him : Being but fifteen years of age , he asked of me in Latine , ( in which tongue he uttered his minde no lesse readily and eloquently then I could do my self ) what my Books which I had Dedicated unto him De varietate Rerum did contain ? Cardan made answer , and the King wittily replied severall times , as Mr Fox in his 2 d Book of Acts and Monum . p. 65. relates .

He restored holy Scriptures to the mother Tongue , he abolished Masses ; such as were in banishment for the danger of the truth , were again received to their Country .

During the time of the six years of this King there was much tranquility to the whole Church of England .

Egesippus a Writer of the Ecclesiasticall History from Christs Passion to his time , Hegesippus ille Vulgaris , quem B. Ambrosius Latinè vertisse diu creditus fuit , pro genuino quidem habetur à Trithemio : imò , quantum videre possum , etiam à Lodovico Vive , & aliis quibusdam , sed omnino est scriptor alius ab illo nobili Hegesippo , Apostolorum temporibus proximo , Justino Martyri , & Athenagorae aequali . Voss. de Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 14. Vide Neand. Geog. parte 2da. Vir tum pietatis tum eruditionis nomine valde celebris , floruit circiter 160 annis post nativitatem Christi . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 2. Egesippus , seu , ut alii scribunt , Hegesippus , natione Judaeus , & ex Judaeo Christianus , omnes actus Ecclesiasticos à tempore Mortis Christi , usque ad Adriani Imp. aetatem , id est , usque ad annum Christi 120. descripsit . Alsted . Encyclop . l. 32. c. 5. as witnesseth Hierom and Eusebius l. 4. c. 8. & 22.

He lived in the time next after the Apostles , and is the ancientest Writer of Ecclesiasticall History next to Luke .

Eginhardus , Anno Dom. 80.

Elias Levita , a most Learned Grammarian of the Jews . Venetiis aliquandiu vixit Elias Levita Judaeus doctissimus , & in lingua Hebraea facundissimus , cujus extant in lingua Hebraea & Chaldaea multa utilia scripta , à Munstero & Fagio in linguam Latinam conversa & exposita . Ejus viri studio & laboribus multum debent omnes sanctae linguae candidati , quod in illa lingua praesertim ad Grammaticam pertinentia ipse primus non ita nota superiori tempore , à se multa lectione eruta communicârit & monstrârit . Neand. Geog. parte prima . Elias Levita natus in Civitate Nove Eyseh haut procul à Noriberga , at invitis popularibus suis , Christianos Hebraeam docuit linguam , cùm viva voce , tùm variis editis libellis . Voss. de Arte Grammatica l. 1. c. 4. Elias Levita , Germanus , in Lexico , quod à numero vocabulorum difficiliorum , quae ibi explicantur 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 vocatur . Dilh. Disput. Acad. Tom. 2. Incomparabilis vir Elias Levita in aureolo suo libello , quem inscripsit Massoreth ham massoreth , Traditionem traditionis , hoc est , traditionem vel doctrinam excellentissimam , cognoscendi scilicet infinita sacrae Scripturae mysteria abstrusa : quem libellum , annos ante paucos Latinè reditum à clarissimo & amicissimo Buxtorfio nostro , studiosis linguarum percommendatum esse velim . Waserus de Antiquis mensuris Hebraeorum , l. 2. c. 2. An. 1517. Elias Levita Judaeus Grammaticorum Hebraeorum summus & facillimus , suae linguae discendae , Christianis Romae , Venetiis , & alibi in Italia , in quam è Germania venerat , copiam facit : ob quam rem magnas à reliquis Judaeis calumnias & odio sustinuit . Geneb . Chronol. l. 4. Unicus hujus aevi Criticus & Aristarchus Ebraismi . Scal. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 62. Judaeus , in Germania natus , Hebraicae linguae Grammaticus doctissimus . Gesn. Biblioth.

He ( or his son , as some say ) gave his name to Christ before his death , bringing with him thirty other Jews to be baptized .

He excelled all the Rabbins in the explication and curious handling of all the Masoreth , in his Book entitled Masoreth hammasoreth , from which book Buxtorf received much light in his Tiberias , sive Commentarius Masorethicus .

Doctissimus Iudaeus , Elias Levita , Germanus ( cui gratiam non mediocrem debent Christiani , propter sincerum in linguae Sanctae cognitione ipsos adjuvandi studium ) in Lexico su● Rabbinico , quod Thisbitem inscripsit . Ful. Miscel. l. 2. c. 3.

Sir Thomas Elyot . He hath written a book called , The Governour , his Castle of health .

For his Learning in all kinde of knowledge , he brought much honour to all the nobility of England . He told me he had a work in hand which he nameth De rebus memorabilibus Angliae , which I trust we shall see in Print shortly , and for the accomplishment of that Book he had read and perused over many old Monuments of England , Aschams Toxophilus , p. 28.

Queen * * Ingenium sine muliebri mollitia , labor cum vitili constantia , memoria , qua nihil vel citiùs percipit , vel diutius retinet . Gallicè , Italicèque , aequè ac Anglicè loquitur , Latinè ▪ expeditè , propriè , consideratè . Graecè etiam mediocriter mecum frequenter libentérque collocuta est . Siquid Graece latineve scribat , manu ejus nihil pulchrius . Musicae ut peritissima , sic ea non admodum delecta●a . Asch. Epist. l. 1. Sturmio adfui ego quodam die , cum uno tempore tribus Orationibus , Imperatorio , Gallico , Suetico , triplici lingua , Italicâ uni , Gallicâ alteri , Latinè tertio facilè non haesitanter , expeditè non perturbatè , ad varias res , tum illorum sermone , ut fit , jactatus , respondebat . Aschamus alia Epist. Stutmio . Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 119. Vide etiam Vossii Epist. Dedicat. ad Artem Grammat . Elisabetha Princeps indose verè Regia , animosa , ingeniosa , erudita & eloquens : summa affabilitate , Clementia & Constantia ( quae in patre potissimum desiderabantur ) praedita , quibus proculdubio animi virtutibus toto celeberrima mundo est . Meteran . de Rebus Belg. lib. 1. Elizabeth , a Learned Queen , and our English Deborah .

She Translated out of Greek into Latine , Isocrates his Oration to Nicocles , his first Book de regno , his second Oration in one Book ; She translated also the Meditations of the Queen of Navarr , out of French into English . Baleus .

Fuit ingenio d●cili , & scientiarum Cupido , Latine sciebat , & commode loquebatur , Germanice , quod vernacula lingua ab illa derivaretur , bene , Gallice saepius , sed absona voce , Italice per eleganter . Musica & poetica summopere delectabatur . Thuan. Hist. tom. 5. part. 2. l. 129. p. 1051 , 1052 , 1053. Vide plura ibid.

Ubbo Emmius , a very Learned man , Professor of History and Greek , at Groning .

Suffridus Petri vir benè doctus , sed qui in Frisiae rebus , atque omni literaturae laude longè cedat Emmio . Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 2. c. 40. Vide vit. Profess . Groningae .

He is much commended by Ianus Dousa Hollandiae Annal. in two Books , for Lib. 1. & 10. a most faithfull Historian .

Constant. l' Empereur , the famous Professor of Hebrew at Leyden in Holland .

Vir de literis Hebraeis praeclarè merons . Vossius . de Philol. cap. 11. Vide Voss. in Maimon . de Idol . c. 6.

His Works , Talmudis Babylonici Codex . Middoth .

Notae in Benjaminem .

De legibus Ebraeorum forensibus , and Clavis Talmudica , shew his great Abilities .

Quintus * * ●unius primum inter Latinos poetas Epicos locum obtiner , quem & Virgilius sibi imitandum proposuit , & M. Varro discipulum Musarum , quemadmodum M. Tullius Cicero summum Epicorum Poetam vocat . Possev . Biblioth. Select . Tom. 2. l. 17. c. 22. Ante Christum natum 236. Calvis . Chron. Romani carminis ▪ primus autor , obiit septuagenario major . Boxhorn . Monum . Illust. Vi● . Ennius .

He made these verses ,

Nemo me lacrymis decoret , nec funera fletu Faxit cur ? v●lito vivus per ora virum .

Virgill is reported to have said , when he read Ennius , Se aurum in sterquilinio colligere , that he gathered gold in a dunghill .

Habent Enniani versus aliquid , quod prodesse & delectare possit , & orationem etiam , quod minimè quis existimaret , ex colere . Turneb . Advers. l. 27. c. 11.

Ephraem or Ephraim Syrus , a Father that lived in St Basils time .

Anno Aerae Christi 378. Calvis . Chron. 361. Helv. Chron.

Ephraem Antiochenus . 527.

Epictetus * * Docet Romae Anno Aerae Christi 82. Calvis . Chron. the Philosopher .

He entitled his Book Euchiridion , because ad manum semper habere oportet .

Sermo in eo omnino efficax est , atque energiae plenus , & in quo mira sit ad permovendum vis Stylus autem qualem res postularet , concisus est , dilucidus , quique omnem respuat ornatum . Polit. In Epict. Enchirid.

Epiphanius * * Anno Ae●ae Christi 392. Calvis . Chron. 361. Helv. Chron. 390. Bishop of Salamina in Cyprus , who was famous all over the world in the doctrine of the Catholick faith , saith Austen .

He was famous for Learning and for his skill in five Tongues , called by Ierom Multa cum delectu & judicio legenda apud Epiphanium . Cujus Panarium nos solemus vocare Christianae antiquitatis scrinium , & sane praestantissimum est opus , & non omnium hominum . Scalig. Elench. Trihaeres . Serar . c. 15. Cum delectu ille author tractandus , optime alioqui de literis divinis deque Ecclesia meritus . Id. ibid. c. 21. Fuit rixa inter Epiphanium & Chrysostomum : adeo ut ille huic diceret , spero quod non morieris Episcopus : Ad quod hic respondisse fertur : Spero te ad tuam patriam non redire . Utrumque impletum fuisse dicunt . Nam & Epiphanium in via mortuum : & Chrysostomum , quia Eudoxiae Imperatrici & Clericis suis , quorum mores corrigere ●itebatur , odiosus factus fuerit , in exilio obiisse tradunt . Wolphii Lect. Memorab . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , famous for his holiness and miracles , a most sharp enemy to Heretiques , against whom also he published a famous Work . Sixt. Senens . Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Vide Augustini praefat. ad lib. de Hares .

Apud Graecos inter magnos habitus , & à multis in Catholicae fidei sanitate laudatus . Aug. de Haeres . p. 230.

Epiphaenius the Deacon . 787.

Epistles . They are Amicorum Collequia absentium , saith Tully , 2. Phil.

The reading of Epistles ( as also of Lives ) is both pleasant and profitable .

No other kinde of conveyance is better for knowledge or love .

Baronius in his Annals commends Historiam Epistolarem . Ierom is most eloquent in his Epistles , especially in that to Heliodorus .

Isidore Pelusiota hath excellently handled the greatest part of the mysteries of our Faith , and the controversies agitated both against the Jews and Hereticks , and yet he entitleth his Book Epistles .

Saint Basil the Great , Gregory Nazianzene , Synesius Bishop of a City in Cyrene , Cyril of Alexandria , St Cyprian , St Austin , Gregory the Pope , St Bernard , and other Fathers of the Eastern and Western Churches , do not speak more powerfully any where , then in their Epistles .

What treasure of moral knowledge are in Seneca's Letters to only one Lucilius ? How much of the Story of the time is in Cicero's Letters , especially those ad Atticum ?

Ciceronis Epistolis ad Latinae Orationis elegantiam informamur , ex his primus eloquentiae quasi succus , qui qualis initio fuerit , per magni interest , bibitur . Manut. Praefat. in Epist. Cicer. Fam.

Politian was a most polite Authour . See the first Epistle of his first Book of Epist.

Manutius his Epistles , Wowerus and Coelius Secundus Curios are good .

Erasmus and Lipsius his Epistles are elegant and usefull . Bembus and Sadoletus pure Latinists . Longolius is termed by Ludovicus Vives Homo Ciceronianissimus , there is elegant Latine ( though little matter ) in Baudius * * Epistolas Baudii si quis legerit propter egregium stylum operam non luserit . Alioquin vix ullae res le●tu & sci●u dignae ibi comparent . Voet. Biblioth. Studios . Theol. lib. 2. Some much commend Balzaks French Epistles for eloquence . his Epistles , Scaliger saith of him , Solus Baudius Latinè loquitur . For the Fathers , Ieroms excell for Latine , Austens for variety of Learning , Cyprians for the state of those times in the first three hundred years . For modern Writers , those of Calvin , Beza , Luther , Melancthon , Oecolampadius , Peter Martyr and Zanchius , are very profitable , also Casaubones and Scaligers .

For English , our Hall is styled by some the English Seneca , and Mr Bain is excellent for pious admonitions and instructions .

There are Epistolae clarorum virorum .

Epistolae obscur●rum virorum , a facetious Book , thought to ●e done by Erasmus .

Hebrew Epistles by a a Volumen Epistolarum Judaicarum à te nuper publicatum , cogit me , ut à te petam , quod jam occupavit facere Drusius noster , ut justum aliquod corpus ejusmodi Epistolarum à te collectarum edatur ; una cum interpretatione & notis ●uis . Scalig ▪ Epist. l. 3. Epist. 243 ▪ 〈◊〉 . Buxtorf , and Greek by Budaeus .

Epistolae Laconicae .

Epistolae Iesuiticae by learned Chamier .

Epistolae Astronomicae by that famous Astronomer Tycho Brahe .

Epistolae Medicinales by learned Langius .

Centuria Epistolarum Philologicarum edita à Goldasto , Laurentii Pignorii Symbol● Epistolicae .

Desiderius Erasmus .

He was born at Roterdam in Holland , in a little house at the Church-yard , Anno Nec ulla est regio , nec Hispania , nec Italia , nec Anglia , nec Scotia , quae me ad suam non invitat hospitium . Christianae salutis 1467.

There is his Statue to be seen at Roterdam in brasse on the Market place with this Inscription ,

ERASMUS Natus ROTERODAMI Octob. XXVIII . Anno 1467. Obiit Basileae XII . Julii . Anno 1536.

The House where he was born is yet to be seen , in the front of which are these verses , Etsi non prober ab omnibus ( quod nec studeo ) certè primis placeo .

Aedibus his ortus mundum decoravit Erasmus Artibus ingenuis , Religione , Fide . Boxhorn . Theat. Holland .

By his learned writings which he published he obtained such a fame of his Learning and vertue , that he was drawn by Kings and Princes into Germany , Italy , England , Romae nullus erat Cardinalis , qui me non tanquam fratrem acciperet , cùm ipse nihil tale ambi●em . Atque hic he nos non tribuebatur opibus quas etiam nunc non habeo , nec desidero , non ambitioni , à qua semper fui alienissimus ; sed literis duntaxat , quas nostrates rident , Itali adorant . In Anglia nullus est Episcopus , qui non gaudeat à me salutari , qui non cupiat me convivam , qui nolit domesticum . Eras. Servatio . Spiritum & vitam Erasmo debent renascentes literae . Gratus & acceptus summis Pontificibus , Imperatoribus & Regibus . Propensi or natura fuit ad jocos quam deceret , quam nonnunquam expediat , ut de se ipse fatetur ad Barbirium . Multa vir tantus scripsit quae in IX Tomos distributa , hodie cum summo omnium stupore leguntur . Inter alia plura non postremum locum obtinent Epistolae : In iis enim tota elucet ejus vita , in iis ejusdem patet genius , ingenium , mores , eruditio . animique dotes . Swertii Athenae Belgicae . Neque ego video quae gratia ab ullo digna meritis ipsius haberi possit . Cujus diligentia , labore , assiduitate , & Constantia illius temporibus periculosa , perfectum est ut libros scriptorum Apostolicorum & Evangelicae historicae integros purosque habeamus . Neque mea quidem sententia , ullius operae quae corrigendo ultra Erasmicas notationes progrediatur , locus est relictus . Camerar . Praefat. ad Comment. in novum Foedus . Adagiorum opus ab Aldo impressum an videris nescio : Est quidem pr●sanum , sed ad omnem doctrinam utilissimum , mihi certè inaestimabilibus constitit vigiliis . Eras. Servatio . Vide Neand. Geog. parte I ● . and other Regions of Europe , they giving him great rewards .

He was of indefatigable diligence , and a great Scholar . Being sent for into Brabant by Mary Queen of Hungary in the year 1536. there he died , being seventy years old .

As he himself acknowledgeth , that his Adagies cost him great pains , so there is variety of Learning in them , they are a most ample field of Philology , Omnia grata , elegantia , aut ipsae potius Gratiae , veneres , joci , facetiae , sales , dicteria , gemmae lumina . Verheiden . Optimus paraemiographus Erasmus . Alsted . Eucyc .

He used great pains and industry in collating the several copies of the Fathers , and his fidelity was great in publishing them according to the Manuscripts , his Prefaces and Praeloquia to them are excellent , and his Notes upon them usefull , but there were two special things wanting for the perfecting of his learned Animadversions upon the Fathers Works , 1. That he did not set down the divers readings very exactly . 2. That he did not relate the number of the Manuscripts , which he used , and where they were to be seen .

From the Collation of Greek and ancient Copies , he corrected also all the New Testament .

Ingeniosus veterum Scriptorum Censor ; So Ludovicus Vives .

Sed acumen Erasmianae censurae & certitudinem , quam in Latinis praestitit , in Graecis prorsus desidero . Hales in his Notes on Chrysost. Homil. on the Hebrews .

He opened the way before Luther , many were provoked by his learned Works Colloqula ●utsus efflagitantur , opus ut mihi vehementer invidiosum , ita typographis benè lucrosum Eras. Quirino . Cum diceretur Gerardus Gerardi ( id vocabulum ut avidam , sic desiderabilem & amabilem indolem denotat ) Desiderii Erasmi nomen sumpsit . Voss. de Orig. & Progress . Idol . lib. 3. cap. 84. Vide Montacut . Analect . Exercit. 5. Sect. 4. to study the Greek and Latine tongues ; who perceiving a more gentle and ready order of teaching then before , began to have in contempt the Monks barbarous and sophistical Doctrine , and especially such as were of a liberal and good disposition .

He wrote to the Archbishop of Mentz a certain Epistle touching the cause of Luther . In which he saith , That many things were in the Books of Luther condemned of Monks and Divines , for heretical , which in the Books of Bernard and Augustine are read for sound and godly . Foxes Acts and Monum . Vol. 2d. pag. 61 , 62.

He saith thus in an Epistle to Biblibaldus , Ego , qui nunquam faverim Luthero , nisi quomodo faver , qui hortatur ad meliora , utrique parti sum haereticus .

His Book of familiar Colloquies notatur in prima Classe librorum prohibitorum .

Atque utinam id genus impia scripta , Moriam inquam , & Colloquia , pestes perniciesque juventutis , flammis potiùs , quam luci tradidisset . De his enim Maenandri illud rectè usurpaveris .

Corrumpunt bonos more 's Colloquia prava ;

Et ô mi●eros , coeeos , & amentes , quos hodié que moria illa sapere docet . Auberti Miraei Elog. Belg. in Martino Dorpio .

Si intra professionis litterariae terminos substitisset , séque totum hisce studiis , quibus in primis natus erat , dedidisset , haud dubiè cum primis illis Latins sermonis auctoribus paria facere potuisset . At verò postquam Theologum agere coepit , ingenio fisus nimium sibi sumpsit at tribuit ; dumque in tractandis sacris litteris , veterumque Patrum scriptis , severum se nimis praebet Aristarchum , nominis sui auctoritatem vehementer labefactavit . Aub. Mir. Elog in Erasm.

His Annotations upon the New Testament read and approved by Leo the 10th , were forbidden to be read by the Councel of Trent . Hist. of the Councel of Trent l. 6. p. 473.

Stephanus Paschasius hath this Epitaph of him ,

Quae Desiderio mors nos orbavit Erasmo , Heu desiderium quam longuum liquit Erasmi .

Many of his Works were printed at Basil by Frobe●i●s ; there are nine Tomes of them , the Contents of each which are mentioned by Boissardus in his Icones .

There was another Erasmus a learned Bishop . Erasmus Episcopus Argentinensis vir pietate & eruditione praedicandus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. lib. 41. pag. 433.

CHAP. XVIII .

THo. Erastus a learned Physician . Annum clausit mors Thom● Erasti Badenis in Helvetiis nati , qui Philosophiae & Medicinae studiis hac aetate claruit , solidis , veris , atque adeo à veteribus proditis utriusque scientiae primordiis constanter insistens , itaque & Astrologiam , quae ex positu Astrorum de fortunis hominum decernit , validis argumentis confutavit , & Paracelsiam medicinam , quae seu novitate seu vanitate sua in Germania ac alibi tot ingenia all exit , validis itidem argumentis confutatam acerrime insectatus est ad ultimum etiam humanas scientias egressus Theologica tractavit , & quaestionem de disciplina ac censuris non omnino ex suorum sententia agitavit , unde graves in Helvetiorum Ecclesiis exortae contentiones tandem sexagenario major hoc anno Basileae , ubi sicuti Neidelbergae diu antea docuerat , qui naturam tot doctissimis scriptis illustraverat , naturae debirum persolvit . Thuan. Hist. Tome tertio . lib. 79.

He wrote against the Excommunication of Church-officers , and is an-answered by Beza .

Many follow his judgement in these dayes , which some call Erastians .

His Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Eratosthenes 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , & post hominum memoriam variae eruditionis princeps omnium bonarum artium peritus , unde & priscis 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , quòd omni disciplinarum certamine contendere minimè detrectaret . Ioan. Wo●weri . De umbra c. 14. Natus est sub Ptolomaeo Philadelpho anno primo Olympiadis 126. sed à successore illius Ptolomaeo Euergete arcessitus , Athenis venit in Aegyptum , atque ibi Alexandrinae Bibliothecae praefectus fuit . Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 1. c. 17. Eratosthenes .

He is called by some Plato minor , Plato the younger for his singular Learning .

Erinua a learned Poet.

She wrote in the Dorick Tongue an elegant Poeme , consisting of three hundred Verses , and also other Epigrams .

They report that her Verses ad Homericam accessisse Majestatem .

Politian mentions her in his Epistle to Cassandra , l. 3. Epist. 17.

Thom. Erpenius . Mores compositi erant & suaves , ut facilè omnes in sui amorem pelliceret . Ingenium faelix , non modò ad aliquid capiendum ; sed etiam reservandum : amicitiam Londini iniit cum Gulielmo Bedello , viro longè doctissimo , atque orientalium linguarum peritissimo : qui Erpenium ad easdem excolendas plurimum hortabatur . In Helvetia nullius ei jucundior amicitia fuit , quam viri clarissimi Ioannis Buxtorsii , quo Hebraicarum literarum intelligentiorem magisque in Rabbinicis & Talmudicis exercitatum Europa habet neminem Suada quaedam insidebat viri illius labris quae sic orationem temperabat , ut non solùm quae tetrica viderentur , perspicuè tractaret ; sed auditorum etiam animos incredibili quadam perfunderet voluptate . Constantinus L'Empereur Sixtinus ab Amama & Iacobus Golius ejus erant discipuli . Voss. Orat. in obitum Erpenii . Ille vir videtur mihi divinitus nactus esse spartam ornandi linguas exoticas , praesertim Arabicam ; cujus eam cognitionem labore improbo & magnis impensis est consecutus , ut ipsis Arabibus fuerit miraculo jam ante unum aut alterum annum . Ego certè stupore defigor , quoties de illo portentoso ingenio cogito . Casaub. Epist. 116. Heinsio . Vide Epist. etiam ejus Erpenio .

He was excellently skilled in the Oriental Tongues , the Hebrew , Chaldee , Arabick , Syriack , Aethiopick , Persian and Turkish . The King of Morocco did so much esteem his Letters written in Arabick for their Elegancy , that he kept them amongst his Cymelia . He is celebrated through the whole Christian world , as the restorer of the Arabick Tongue . He was of incredible diligence and industry , to which was added a rare facility of wit and sweetnesse of manners , for which he was much respected by Philip Mornie , Ioseph Scaliger , Isaac Casaubone .

He died at Leyden in the flour of his Age Anno 1624.

These were his Works ,

Grammatica Arabica cum Lockmanni fabulis & adag . Arabum .

Pentateuchus Arabicè .

Hist. Josephi Patriarcha . Arabicè cum triplici versione Lat. & Scholiis Tho. Erpenii .

Claudius Espencaeus a French Bishop . Per XL. annos in Parisiensi Academia humanioribus , Philosophicis ac Theologicis studiis cum incredibili omni admiratione operam novasset , à Francisco Melodunum , ab Henrico 11. Bononiam , à Francisco 11. Aurelianum , à Carolo IX . Possiacum inter primarios religionis hoc in regno antistites nunc legatus nunc disceptator sanctissime ac doctissime de Controversis rei Christianae capitibus cum delectis adversariae partis theologis summa aequitate ac moderatione egit , & voce , ac eruditissimis in complures Scripturae locos editis Commentariis religionis negotium promovit , sacri etiam olim galeri decus potius meritus quam adeptus , tandem ex gravissimis calculi doloribus , quod ferè praemium pro vigiliis à natura studiosis rependitur , extinctus est anno aetatis LX. magno sui relicto desiderio , cum unus è paucorum numero esset , qui de idoneis pacis in Ecclesia constituendae rationibus serio semper cogitaverit , atque adeo de tollenda è domo Dei sci●sura , quam multi hodie , dum praepostero pietaris ardore strenui in ea causa videri volunt , firmant magis quam oppugnant , alienatis & obduratis adversariorum animis , quos potius ●mendationis facta spe & sublatis offendicu●is conciliari & sensim ad unionem abduci oportuit . Thuan. Hist. Tomo secundo l. 48. p. 637. Claudius Espencaeus Theologus Parisiensis , qui in Epitap●io adhuc Parisiis in Templo C●s●●ae & D●miani extante vocatur nobilissimus , piissimus , omniumque disciplinarum genere cumulatissimus Theologus , imò Theologorum sui secu●i facilè Princeps , quemque Gilbertus Genebrardus & Scaevola Samarthanus in Elogiis operi praefixis nominant admirabilem . Gerhar . Confess . Cathol. contta Pontif. lib. 2. Artic. 2. cap. 4.

None of the Divines of Paris had a greater concourse of all sorts of Degrees , and was more admired for his frequent Sermons to the people then he . He was very eloquent .

There are many Questions concerning Religion discussed by him in Latine and French with great subtilty .

His Commentaries upon Timothy and Titus are well liked .

He hath published many other Works .

Petrus Espinacus Archbishop of Lions . Archiepiscopus Lugdunensis , quia in adolescentia Protestantium doctrinam professus , postea mutaverat , & impotenti in eos odio ferebatur : verone an adfectato ad consequendam Cardinalis dignitatem , quam perditè ambiebat , incertum : de cetero doctus & vehementi facundia praeditus . Thuan. Hist. Tomo quarto l. 81.

A witty and eloquent man , at first addicted to the Doctrine of the Protestants , but he fell off afterward .

Gulielm . Estius , a Hollander , a Doctor of Doway , a learned and modest Papist . Scripsit Commentarium absolutissimum ac doctissimum in omnes B. Pauli Epistolas : Cujus Editioni intermortuus est . Valeri Andrea Bibliotheca Belgica .

His Exposition of all Pauls Epistles is generally liked .

Gulielmus Estius in adnotationibus aureis ad difficiliora Scripturae loca . Dilher . Disput. Acad. Tom. 2.

Georgius Macropedius was his Master at Utrect .

This Epigram was added to his Picture ,

Quicunque effigiem Gulielmi conspicis Esti , Esti , qui una fuit gloria Theologôn : Relligio , Virtus , Doctrina , modestia morum , Haec uno obtutu conspicienda patent .

Evagrius Anno Aerae Christi 527. Helv. Chron. Scholasticus .

Nic. * * Plures certè haec Nicolai●rum familia extulit . Caput & parens Nic. Everardus Middelburgi in Valacria Zelandiae infula natus , varia eruditione & judicii acumine ( quod vel Topica ejus Legalia comprobant ) doctos inter sui aevi viros inclaruit . Auberti Miraei Elog. Belg. Everardus .

Several of his Works are published .

Ordo studendi Consil. in materia monetaria loca legalia , which last is much commended by Aubertus Miraeus .

Also Theses Iuridicae ex ministeria de regalibus collectae , and other things .

He left four Sonnes Everardum Nicolaum , Nic. Grudin , Hadr. Marium , & Io. Secundum , partim Iuris Civilis , partim Poeticae tractatione clarus .

Euclide . He was of Megara . Inter opera ejus facilè palmam obtinent libri tredecim elementorum , magno reipub . literariae bono ad nostra usque tempora conservati ▪ Savil. Lect. 1. Eucl. Duo ferè annorum millia existimatur toto terrarum orbe ab omni reprehensione liber & sacrosanctus fuisse , & si quid post homines natos solidae scientiae comprehensum & animadversum est , id Euclidi uni acceptum refertur . Rami Scholae Mathem . l. 3. Quem virum Mathematica singularum propositionum scientia tanquam singularem & propè divinum suspicio equidem & admiror , in eoque mihi observandum religiose & Colendum propono : At Logica rectè & ex ordine docendi prudentia , parem efficere nequeo . Rami Praefat. Mathemat . 2. Megara civitas clara Theognide Poëta & Euclide , qui Mathematica principia , totiusque hujvs disciplinae artem immensa subtilitate descripsit . Ejus elementorum Geometricorum libri 15. cum Theonis Alexandrinis & Procli Diadochi eruditis Graecis Commentariis etiamnum supersunt . Neand. Geog. part . 1. Vide Blancani Differtat . De natura Mathemat .

He fitly answered to one asking many things of the gods , Caetera quidem nescio , illud scio , quod odè resos .

There hath not been any thing of any worth added to his Labours in Geometry by posterity , in so many Centuries of years since he flourished .

God hath raised up certain singular and heroical wits in all Sciences . Demosthenes and Tully excelled in eloquence , Aristotle in Philosophy , Euclide , Archimedes and Ptolomy in the Mathematicks . Therefore the Profession of the Mathematicks is is called Professio Euclidea , Archimedea , Ptolemaica . Alsted . Eucyclop . l. 4. c. 14.

Euclides Artis elementa continuo ordine & magna solertia ita tradidit , ut à quovis mediocris ingenii acumine praedito non difficulter percipi possent . Tych. Brahe Orat. De Disciplinis Mathematicis .

Euripides d d Anno Aerae Christi 4040. Calvis . Chron. 3486. Helv. .

It is a great Question , Which was the better Poet , he or Sophocles , though they went a different way . Quintilian Institut. orat . l. 10. c. 1. determines it after a sort . There is all moral Philosophy in Verse , in him .

Eusebius . Anno Domini 330. Eusebius Caesariensis , inter Graecos Theologos antesignanus . Biblian . De Rat. Communi omnium Linguarum . Anno Ae●ae Christi 306. Helv. Chron. Caesariensis Episcopus vir longe doctissimus & in omni historiarum genere exercitatissimus . Casaub. exercit . ad Apparat. Annal. exercit . 1. Eusebius sanctissimi martyris Pamphili familiaris cujus res gestas proprie opere exsecutus est , quem sic amavit ac coluit , ut ab eo etiam cognomen nactus sit , ab hoc enim viro dictus est Eusebius Pamphili . Dallaeus de Pseudepig . l. 3. c. 23. Vide R. Vsser . Syntagma De Edit. LXX . Interp. p. 73. Eusebius Pamphili ( quemadmodum propter amicitiam cum Pamphilo Martyre , teste ●●icronymo vocabatur ) Caesareae Palestinae ( imperante Constantino ) Episcopus , sui seculi sine controversia vir eruditissimus fuisse perhibetur . Whear . Method . Leg. Hist. part. 1 Sect. 34. Quo nullus Ecclesiasticorum veterum plura ad historiam Christianismi contulit , nullus plura errata in scriptis suis reliquit nullius plures hallucinationes extant . Scalig. Elench. Trihaeres . Serar . c. 29. Vide Sixt. Sene●s . Biblioth. l. 4. Et Neand. Geog. parte secunda .

He was made Bishop of Caesarea in Palestina . He flourished under Constantine and his Son .

Eusebius Pamphili , not Pamphilus , as he is commonly called .

He had that name from Pamphilus the Martyr whom he dearly loved .

He is taxed for an Arian , Gerhard in his Patrologia saith he was so , and alledgeth authority for it , yet he is justified by others , he is therefore to be read with the greater caution , as to that partcular , for he much favoured that opinion , though he subscribed the Nicene Councel .

It is the ancientest Ecclesiastical History now extant . See a commendation of him in Crakanth . Defence of Constantine , c. 6. p. 107. and several Elogies of him in Gerhards Patrologia .

Eusebius Emissenus , Anno Christi 330.

There are Homilies abroad in the name of another Eusebius Emissenus ( which Episcopus elegantis & rhetorici ingenii . Hieron . de Script . Eccles. Eusebius Emissenus , seu quicunque autor est earum homiliarum vir certè eruditus & antiquus . Cham. De Oecum . Pontif. l. 3. c. 2. is said to have flourished about the year 430. ) upon the Gospels of the whole year , and also fifty most eloquent Homilies of divers subjects . Though some Question , Whether the man be the same Author of those short Homilies upon all the Gospels , who is of those fifty Homilies of divers arguments , seeing the style in both is very different .

Eustathius . Eustathius Antiochenus . 350.

He lived under the Emperour Andronicus , in the year about 1180 from Christs birth .

He was Archbishop of Thessalonica . He hath written Commentaries upon H●mers Thessalonicensis fuit Eustathius ejus urbis praesul , cujus extant duo amplissima volumina Commentariorum in Homerum , in quibus est maxima doctrinae erudi●ae & variae varietas . Neand. Orb Ter. part . Succinct . Explicat . parte 1a. a. In Dionysium etiam Poetam Afrum qui orbem terrarum descripsit habentur ejusdem eruditi Commentarii , qui cum textu Dionysii excusi habentur . Id. ibid. Books , and on Dionysius his description of the world .

From Aristarchus old Didymus made his Commentary upon Homer , and Eustathius from both , and many more ancient . Brought . Exposition of the 21th of the Revel.

Valde inclinata jam & magnas mutationes passa Graeca lingua erat aetate Eustathii . Steph. De Bene Instit. Ling. Graec. Stud.

Eustochium * * Paulae mulieris Romanae filia , Latinarum , Hebraicarum , Literarum studiis plurimum excelluit . Unde & suo tempore novum orbis prodigium vocata est : ingenium sacris literis devovit maximè , atque adeò , ut Psalmos Hebraicè legeret cursim & mirâ celeritate . Qua in re amorem beati Hieronymi multum sibi demeruit . Catal. Doctarum Virginum & Foeminarum . Annexus . Parthen . Elis. Ioan. Weston . a learned woman , of whom Ierom makes honourable mention .

Euthymius Zigabenus . Anno 1080.

He wrote Commentaries on all the Psalms , and the four Gospels , and Panopliam adversus omnes haereses .

E●tropius , He lived under Valentinian the elder . Anno Aerae Christi 408. Helv. Chron. Minus quidem elegans , sed cum ex Li●io & Salustio res nobis ignotas decerpserit , & omnem historiam Romanam breviter ab urbe Condita usque ad Iuliani Principis mortem lib. decem persequatur , magni à nobis fieri debt . Sigon . de Rom. Hist. Script .

Aben Ezra * * Commentariis suis Astrologiam , & quae inde pendent , Divinis haut satis pi● miscere solet . Seldenus De Dis Syris Syntag. 1. c. 3. Aben-Esra , sive Abraham Ben-Esra , Hispanus , qui circiter annum claruit 160. Hic praeter Commentarios , quos edidit in libros sacros , scripsit librum elegantiarum in Grammaticis , item librum bilancis linguae sanctae , quia regulas tradit , ad quas examinari oporteat linguam Hebraicam . Voss. De Arte Grammatica . l. 1. c. 4. , a most learned Grammarian . He lived about the year of Christ 1140.

The sharpest and best learned that ever ye bred . Broughtons Require of Consent .

Schickard in his Bechinath Happeruschin , shewing how the Jews magnifie Rabi Salomon Iarchi , addes , At si me arbitro res ista disceptaretur , palmam ego deferrem sequenti Aben Ezrae , quia non tantùm magis perspicuus est , methodicus & in stilo multùm elegantior ; Scripturaeque idiotismorum tenax , sed etiam prudentior , cantior , & nugarum parcior : Cum vicissim ille à fabulis abstineat minus , obscurior sit & in Orthographiam alicubi impingat , ut cum Kimchaeo interdum non agat mitius , quam nostrates pueri cum Prisciano .

CHAP. XIX . F

JAcobus Faber Stapulensis , skilled in all Learning , especially in Divinity .

Farel and Calvin were his Scholars . Floruit ante annos XC . aut paulò amplius Faber docente Luthero , graves persecutiones ob veritatem à Parisiensibus magistris sustinuit , ut Sleidanus in sua historia scribit . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. Celeberrimus nostri seculi Philosophus , Belgicae , quinimo totius Galliae unum decus . Primus apud Gallos ( ut Cicero apud Romanos ) Philosophiam rudem adhuc & impolitam cum ●loquentia junxit . Est in dicendo sublimis . In sententiis gravis . In attentione exquisitus . In compositione dilig●ns ac curiosus . Trithem . de vir . Illustribus . Faber ingeniorum appellari volebat : quum in omni ferè doctrinae genere ad docendum aptissimus haberetur . Defuit in eo , dum scriberet , illa Latini sermonis puritas , quae diu , aut neglecta apud externos , aut parùm accuratè quaesita , non magnoporè fervida ingenia delectabat . Scripsit Commentarios in Astronomicis , juventuti perutiles , & Scholia in moralem Philosophiam , perdiscentibus opportuna : aetate autem confectus , quum sacras literas attigisset , à Lutherano doctrina non procul abfuit , ita ut in ca suspicione senex moreretur . Paul . Iov . Elog. Vir. Doct.

He was very low , of a modest countenance , and a sweet disposition , his minde wholly estranged from all injustice . Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Petrus Faber . Varro seculi nostri , vir undecunque doctissimus . Casaub. Epist. 571. Vir & probitate & eruditione fumm●s . Casaub. in Capitolin . Cujus quadras Lipsius abligurivit . Monta●ut . Orig. Eccles.

Iacobus Cuiacius was his master .

His Agonisticon and Somestria are well esteemed .

Ioan. Faber . He hath written several Works . Ioannes Faber erat Maximilia . no Caesari cum primis Charus ob egregias dotes quibus praeditus est . Eruditio est recondita , ingenium promptum ac versatile , lingua selicissima , mores faciles candidique , animus uti mihi videtur integer . Gratus est multis Germaniae Principibus . Et tamen habet qui illi malè volunt : ut nunquam caret aemulis virtus eminens . Eras. Epist. l. 13. Epist. 2. Vide etiam Epist. 30. & 36. & 42.

Quod studiis primus lucem intulit omnibus artes ; Et doctum cunctum haec regit ur●a Fabrum . Heu tenebrae tantum potuere extinguer● lamen ? Si non in tenebris lux tamen ista micet . Buchanan . Epig. l. 2.

Nic. a a Vellem abesse propius à praestantissimo viro D. Fabro , cujus judicio observationes meae aut starent aut caderent . Sanctè affirmo tibi plus solidae eruditionis in unica illius Epistola , quam recitat primò annalium Cardinalis Baronius , invenire me quam in quovis 12 illorum Crassissimorum tomorum . Casaub. Epist. 29. Thuano . Faber , Master to Lewis the. 13th King of France .

Guido & Nicolaus Fabricii Boderiani fratres .

Bibliorum Veteris Testamenti Hebraicorum Latina interpretatio opèra olim Santis Pagnini nunc vero Benedicti Ariae Montani Hispalensis , Francisci Rafelengii , Guid. & Nicol. Fabriciorum fratrum collato studio ad Hebraicam dictionem expensa .

There is also

Dictionarium Syrochaldoicum Guidono Fabricio Boderiano collectore & auctore . He was a famous French Poet.

Divers Works of his in French are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque .

Georgius Fabritius Chemnicensis . Qui rem literariam non mediocriter & scriptis , & viva voce juvit & illustravit , & Poeticâ facultate , quam rebus sacris fere impendit , magnam laudem inter suos adeptus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 48.

M. Laurentius Fabricius .

There is a Book of his called Partitiones Codicis Hebrai . Vide sis haec eadem in partitionibus Bibliorum Hebraicorum M. Laurentii Fabricii praeceptoris olim mei ter venerandi . Crines . De Confus . Ling. c. 3.

Steph. Fabricius .

He hath put out

Conciones in Proph. Minores in Decalogum .

Barth . Facius . De rebus gestis Alfonsi primi Neapolis regis libros , duodecim contra Laurentium Vallam de libertate animae librum unum , & de Clandiano bello unum edidit . Leand. Alb. Descript. Ital. in Liguria .

Alphonso , Aragonicae , Siciliae ac Neapolis regi ab Epistolis fuit , vitam & res gestas Alphonsi conscripsit . Ubert . fol. Elog.

Paulus Fagius , born Anno 1504. a great Hebrician . Vir inter Christianos Hebraicè doctissimus . Scalig. Elench. Trithaeres . Setar . cap. 14. Quo non solum superiori seculo , sed & multis retrò annis , nemo vixit nostratium linguarum peritior : id quod & in colloquiis familiaribus & in disputationibus cum Judaeis , & in explicatione Targum ▪ seu Paraphraseos librorum Mosis Chaldaicae liquido demonstravit . Melchior . Adam . in vita Draconitae .

As the Jews say of Moses Ben Maimon , à Mose usque ad Mosen non surrexit sicut Moses , viz. Maimonides , so the Germanes may say of Paulus Fagius à Paulo ad Paulum non surrexit sicut Paulus , viz. Fagius .

There is a Catalogue printed of all the Books published by him , many excellent ones .

His Annotations upon Oukelus his Targum on the Pentateuch ( which he turned into Latine ) are a special Work .

Anton. Faius a French Divine .

He hath written these Works ,

In Epist. ad Romanos .

In priorem ad Timotheum .

In Ecclesiastem .

Enchiridion Theologicum .

De vita & obitu Theod. Bezae .

Emblemata & Epigrammat● . Miscel.

Abraham Faius his Sonne hath put out Linguae Gallicae & Italicae hortulus amaenissimus Optimus ille Gallorum vir , Abraham●● de la Faye , Sabaudus . Crines . De Confus . Ling. cap. 10. Horarum subcisivarum libri duo .

Gabriel Fallopins .

He hath published both Commentaries De rebus metallicis , and also Anatomical Nobilissimus post Vesalium Anatomicus . Castellanus De vitis Medicorum . Observations and Institutions , with other Works .

Guliel . Farel a learned and godly Minister of Genevah . Fuit in hoc homine praeter pietatem , doctrinam , vitae innocentiam , eximiamque modestiam singularis quaedam animi praesentia , ingenium acre sed vehementiae plenum , ur tonare potius quam loqui videretur , ardorque denique tantus in precando , ut audientes quasi in Coelos usque subveheret . Bez. Icon. Vir. Illust.

He hath written De Uray Usage de la Cr●ix , Of the true use of the Crosse , and Summaire , ou brifue declaration ● aucuns lieux fort necessaires à vn Chacun Chrestien pour mettre sa confidence en Die● & a ayderson pro chain .

Salvus sit optimus senex & optimè meritus de Ecclesia . D. Farellus , primus istarum partium Apostolus . Calv. Epist. Bullingerus Calvino .

There is Beza's Epigram ,

In tres eximios aetatis nostrae Ecclesiastas .

Gallia mirata est Calvinum Ecclesia nuper Quo nemo docuit doctins : Est quoque te nuper mirata , Farelle , tonantem : Quo nemo tonuit fortius : Et miratur adhuc fundentem mella Viretum : Quo nemo fatur dulcius : Scilicet aut tribus his servabere testibus olim , Aut interibis , Gallia . Wornerus Rolwingu● Carthusianus auctor istius libri .

Fasciculus Temporum , A Book full of complaints against the Popes , and grosse things in Popery .

The Fathers . They were eminent for Learning , holinesse of life and eloquence .

Antiquos Patres nos amplectimur , & ita accipimus , ut nec sine justa & evidenti Ex Theologis secundum divinas literas , nemo meliu Origene , nem subtilius aut jucundius Chrysostome , nemo sanctius Basili● . ratione ab uno pluribusve , nec ad unanimi ipsorum consensu unquam in causis fidei dissentiamus . Crak . Log. l. 4. c. 26.

In the division of the Decalogve four precepts , ( and one of those about not worshipping Images ) are rehearsed in the first Table , by Philo , Iosephus , Origen , Athanasius , Ierome , Gregory Nazianzen , Chrysostom ; but six in the second . Only Austen ( propter Trinitatis mysterium ) puts three in the first Table , and seven in the second , dividing the last precept into two , and referring the second ( which forbids worshipping of Images ) to the first . Inter Latino● duo duntaxat insignes in hoc genere , Ambrosius mirus in allusionibus , & Hieronymus in arcanis literis exercit●tissimus . Eras. De Ratione Studii . In Athanasio , suspicimus seriam ac sedulam docendi perspicuitatem . In Basili● , praeter subtilitatem , exosculamur piam ac mitem suaviloquentiam . In hujus sodali Chrysostome , spontè profluentem ●rationis . Copiam amplectimur . In Cyprian● spiritum veneramur , martyrem dignum . In Hilario grandi mateeriae parem grandiloquentiam , atque ut ita loquar Cothurnum admiramur . In Ambrosio dulces quosdam aculcos , & Episcopo debitam amamus verecundiam . In Hieronymo divitem Scripturarum penum optimo jure laudamus . Dil●er . lau●at . Fune● . Ger● .

Dr Daniel Featly a learned Divine , and a most acute Disputant , as his Grand Sacriledge , several Conferences , and Answers to the Papists , and other Works shew .

Minutius Felix , an eloquent Father . Insignem fori Romani Causidicum fuisse . Hieronymus auctor est . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit.

Lucius Fenestella , a famous Historian , of whom Plinie , Plutark , Gellius make Ioan. Iac. Fris. Biblioth. Philos. mention .

He lived in the time of Tiberius Caesar. Exstat hodie sub Feuestellae nomine liber de Magistratibus Romanis . Quem Germanum tanti viri faetum putare , hoc vero desipere sit . Nam meminit in eo auctor , non Plinii tantùm , sed & Gellii , qui Hadriani aevo fuit : Imo Episcoporum quoque & Archiepifcoporum mentionem facit , sed verus scriptor est Andreas Dominicus Floccu● Florentinus , Secretarius Pontificis Romani , & Canonicus Florentinus , quem hoc de argumento scripsisse testatur Flavius Blondus in Hetruria sua . Ac Lilius Gyraldus Historiae de Poetts dialogo 4. ait , habere se codices manuscriptos , quorum istiusmodi inscriptio sit , Andreae Dominici Flacci Florentini ad Brandem , Cardinalem Placentinum , de Romanis Magistratibus Liber . Atque in iis erat praefatio , quae in libris praelo excusis desiderabatur . Voss. De Hist. Lat. l. 1. c. 19. Vide plura ibid.

Dominicus Floccus Florentinus was the Author of the little Book De Magistratibus & Sacerdotiis Romanorum , ascribed to him .

Dudlie Fenner a learned Divine .

Thomas Cartwright and Walter Travers were his Scholars .

There is his S. Theologia methodicè digesta , and several English Tracts .

His Commentary on the Canticles .

The order of Houshold Government .

An Interpretation of the Lords Prayer .

An Interpretation upon the Epistle to Philemon .

A short Table orderly disposing the principles of Religion out of the first Table of the Law .

A Treatise of the Sacrament .

A profitable Treatise of lawfull and unlawfull Recreations .

Art of Logick and Rhetorick plainly set forth , with examples for the practice of the same , &c.

Answer unto the Confutation of the Recantation of Iohn Nicols , especially in the matters of Doctrine , of Purgatory , Images , &c.

Ioannes Fernelius , a learned French Physician to Henry the second of France . Cujus admirabili Genio id contigit , quod à multis seculis nulli quamlibet etudito contigisse memini , ut ipso vivo atque vidente opera quae de universa medicina scripsit in Scholis publicè legerentur : ejusque autoritas veterum scriptorum instar apud optimum quemque rei medicae magistrum gravissimum esset ponderis & momenti . Neque sane injuria : fuit enim i● illo viro praeter summum eloquentiae candorem non solum medicinae , sed & Mathematicarum artium universaeque naturae vis tantaque cognitio , ut prodigii cujusdam id fuerit simile . Scaev. Samarth . Elog. Gall.

Medicinam universam doctissimis & politissimis scriptis complexus est . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 21.

Arnoldus Ferronus . Ei multum debet universa Gallia , quando is rerum Gallica●um historiam Pauli Aemylii libris attexendam à Caroli VIII . temporibus ad Henrici II. adventum eadem styli tum puritate tum velocitate persecutus est . Non minus amplam & uberem nacturus operis continuandi segetem , si ad ea quae deinde vidimus turbulentissima Galliae tempora filum historiae suae perduxisset , nec in medio cursu const●ti●●et . Eo tamen faciliori jactura , quòd summae vir auctoritatis atque doctrinae Iacobus Augustus Thuanus id quoque argumenti suscipere magno Gallici nominis incremento meditatur . Scaev. Samarth . Gall. Elog.

Iohn Ferus . Vir in divinis literis nobiliter doctus , eloquentia singulari praeditus , cui parem in officio Evangelicae praedicationis Catholicae Germanorum Ecclesiae hac nostra tempestate non habent . Sixt. Sene●s . Bibliothec. Sanct. lib. 4.

He is no suborned or counterfeit Authour , but the famousest Preacher that was in Mentz , or in Germany in all his time : His Commentaries upon Iohn were eight times at least printed in ten years . Crashaws Prolegom . to the English Papists before his Romish Forger ▪ and Falsificat .

Iacobus Fevardentius . De fide Catholica optimè meritus . Eruditus , sed furi●sus Theologus . Montacut . Apparat. 1.

That railing Franciscan answerable to his name .

Ioannes Fichardus .

He was born at Francford ad Moenum Anno 1512.

Decus & ornamentum eorum quibus cumvixit , & patriae imò Germaniae totius & saeculi sui . Boissardi Icones .

He hath written De vitis Iurisconsultorum recentiorum , and other Works mentioned by Boissard .

Marsilius * * Qui totum Platoneu● Latinum fecit , & post hunc Plotinum Platonicorum omnium doctissimum , in Latinum sermonem convertit , cujus divinae Philosophiae libri Philosophici 54. nuper Graeco Latini in amplo volumine Basil●ae excuduntur . Neand. Geog. Ficinus of Florence , a famous Philosopher , Physician and Divine .

He wrote many excellent Works .

Tu Platonem , quanquam & alios veteres , sed Platonem tamen ipsum maxime . Platonicosque omnes : & Latinè loqui doces , & uberrimis Commentariis locupletas . Polit. Epist. l. 9. Ep. 13. Polit. Marsil . Fic . Eo saltem facto meritus ; ut qui tot clarorum virorum memoriam in occulto latere passus non est , ipse quoque oblivioni minimè sit tradendus . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita .

Richard Field a learned Divine .

He hath written learnedly of the Church , and in defence of such parts of his Book , as have been excepted against .

Thomas Fienus , a very learned Physician , who hath published a very rational and scholastical Treatise , Concerning the Power of the Imagination .

Io. Filesacus , a learned Writer , as his Books shew , Opera varia , De sacra Episcoporum auctoritate , De Idololatria , De Politico & legitimo Principis cultu Comment.

Iohn Fisher d d Ioannes Fisherius Roffensis Episcopus & Thomas Morus eques , Angli Chiduo pro tuenda religione , & quod nollent secundas nuptias Henrici octavi priore vivente , approbare , mortem obierunt An. 1539. Geneb . Chron. l. 4. Morus & Roffensis , postquam Ioannem Frithum doctissimum Juvenem , ejusque Collegam ignibus dederunt , an non ipsi mox in Carcerem abrepti injustae suae saevitiae justas exoluerunt poenas . Foxus contra Osorium . l. 3. Vir singulari eruditione , omnifariam doctissimus . Sixt. Senc●s . Bibliothec. l. 4. Vide plura ibid. Bishop of Rochester . Vir singulari pietate & eruditione . Eras. Epist. l. 290. Epist. 42.

Sir Anthony Fitzherbert . Sr Edw. Cooks Pref. to his tenth part of Reports .

His Abridgement was painfully and elaborately collected and published in the 11th year of K. Henry 8. by him then Serjeant at Law : and he wrote also another Book called his Natura brevium , an exact Work exquisitely penned , and publishin the 26. year of Henry 8. When he was Knight , one of the Judges of the Court of Common-pleas : about the same time he wrote his Treatise of Justices of the Peace .

L. Florus . Anno Aerae Christianae 193. Ea potissima est Flori nostri laus , quod scriptor est elegans & disertus , & si paucula exceperis quae srigidius dictari videntur , verè floridus . Sed latae est culpae reus , quòd in temporum ratione usque adeò negligens sit ; ita ut non possit non saepiùs hallucinari , qui hunc ducem sequi velit . Vulde autem fallunrur , qui cum putant in hisstoria sua Epitomen nobis Livii dare voluisse . Siquidem crebro à Livio recedit . Voss. De Histor. Lat. 1. lib. 1. cap. 30.

He lived in the Raign of Trajane and Hadrian .

Ubertus Folieta . Ego tua scripta & legeram ante multos annos & ita probaram , ut ex iis qui tunc excellere putabantur , tibi neminem anteserrem . Haec de tuis Liguribus illustris & diligens & ornata commemoratio ita mihi placuit , ut , qui conferri tecum hoc i● genere possit , prorsus neminem esse judicaverim . Pauli Manut. Epist. l. 12. Epist. 12.

He hath published divers Works .

One , De Latinae Linguae usu & praestantia .

And Clarorum Ligurum Elogia .

Patrick Forbes a learned Scotch Divine . Acuratissimè docuit beatae memoriae Pater Patricius Forbesius à Corse , Episcopus Aberdoniensis in illustrissimo in Apocalypsin Commentario & insigni tractatu de vocatione ministrorum . Praesertim verò in egregio illo libro de notis Ecclesiae qui Eubulus inscribitur . Ioannis Forbes . Instruct. Histor. Theol. l. 14. c. 6.

Iohn Forbes his Son . He put out Instructiones Historicae Theologica , a Book well esteemed of , and Irenicum .

Iohn Ford or Foorth a learned English Divine . Ioanne● de Vad●

He hath written several Works .

Synopsis Politica .

In Apocalypsin .

The Necessity and Antiquity of catechizing , and on Heb. 6. 1.

The Covenant between God and man .

Franciscus Forerius . Literarum peritia ac linguarum inclaruit Conimbricensi in Academia apud Lusitanos . Biblioth. Hispan . Tom. 2

He said as much as possibly could be said in the Defence of the Vulgar Translation , altering the Hebrew Vowels for this purpose at his pleasure , yet it seemeth the errours discovered by him in his Comment upn Esay hath hindered the setting forth of his other Commentaries upon the Prophets , which he had finished ( as appears by the later part of his Epistles to the Trent Fathers ) so the Church would have approved them . Dr Iackson on the Creed , Vol. 1. l. 2. c. 31.

He that wrote the Spanish Bibliotheque in the second Tome saith , He is said to have written besides that on Esay ( which I have not seen ) upon the other greater Prophets , the twelve lesser , Iob , Psalms , Proverbs , Ecclesiastes , Canticles .

Sixtus Senensis saith , He wrote upon all the Prophets .

Petrus Forrestus * * Petrus Forestus è nebili apud Batavos Forestana stirpe oriundus , medieus fuit incomparabilis , ut scripta ejus testantur . Boxhorn . Theat. Holland . , a learned Physician .

He read the first Lecture in Physick , and made the first Oration for its praise in the University of Leyden then restored .

He hath published many learned Works .

CHAP. XX.

JOannes Forsterus . Usuram lucis primùm Augustae vindelicorum coepit Anno 1495. Boissard . Icon. Vit linguae Hebraicae scientiâ Clarus , quam & scriptis luculentis illustravi● . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 17. Scripsit Dictionarium Hebraicum novum , non ex Rabbinorum commentis , sed ex ipsis Thesauris Bibilorum , & accura●a eorundem locorum collatione depromtum cum phrasibus Scripturae veteris & Novi Testamenti diligenter annotatis . Melch. Adam . in ejus vita .

He was Professour of the Hebrew Tongue at Wittenberg , and very much illustrated and amplified it with a Lexicon published at Basil in folio .

Sir Iohn Fortescu● , an excellent Antiquary , and of profound knowledge in the Common-Law .

He hath written a book De laudibus Legum Angliae .

This Book was written in the Raign of K. H. 6. in commendation of the Laws of England , containing with all much excellent matter worthy the reading .

Iohn * * Talis ille semper erat , ut qui bonis artibus , seu doceret seu scriberet , elimatam eloquentiam terse ad junxerlt Latinè & eleganter mulra scripsit . De Ecclesia & ejus pastoribus . De re ●ucharistica . De lapsis recipiendus . Expostulationem Christi cum homine . Adversus deliri theologi calumnias . De censura Ecclesiastica . Commentarios rerum Ecclesiae . Persecutiones Ecclesiae à Luthero . Locorum Communium titulos . Ad Angliae proceres pro afflictis . Christum triumphantem , Comaed . Baleus De Scrip. Britan. Cent. 9. Fox , sometime exile for the profession of the Gospel , that Saint-like Historian Mr Fox , Dr Hall .

He studied the Arts , and three principal Languages first in Oxford in Magdalen Colledge .

He wrote elegantly in Latine , as appears by what he added to Dr Haddon against Osorius , and one part of his Acts and Monuments . Medit. in Apoc.

De Christo Crucifixo Concio .

De Christo gratis Iustificante .

Disputatio contra Iesuitas , contra inherentem justitiam .

His English Works .

His Acts and Monuments .

A Treatise of Gods Election .

Sermons .

Translation of Urbanius Regius of Faith and Hope , and others mentioned by Maunsell .

Sebastian a a Vir doctrina , judicio , eloquentia , suo tempore non incelebris . Whear . Meth. leg . Hist. parte 2da. Sect. 2. Fuit & hic annus clarorum virorum morte funestus quorum princeps commemorandus venit Paulus Foxius Archiepiscopus Tolosanus , saepius à me honorificè , sicuti par fuit , appellatus , olim in Parisiensi curia Senator , postea Anglicana & Veneta , dein & aliis legationibus summa cum prudentiae laude felicissimè defunctus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 80. Vide etiam Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 109. p. 457. de Francisco Foxi● . Fox a most elegant and learned Spanish Philosopher .

Thuanus in his History often makes honourable mention of Paul Fox , and once of Francis Fox .

Of which last , saith Scaevola Sammarthanus in his Elogies of learned Frenchmen , Iure igitur tanto alumno superba laetatur Gallia hoc abundè per te consecuta , ut Italiae suos Mirandulas invidere jam desinat .

Hieronimus Fracastorius , a most famous Philosopher . He is called by many Ad exactam Philosophiae & Mathematicarum artium , ac praecipue Astronomiae , quam & doctissimis scriptis illustravit , cognitionem , summam judicium & admirabile ingenium attulit , quo multa ab antiquis aut ignorata aut secus accepta adinvenit , & explicavit , & medicinam , ut honestissime ac citra lucrum , ita foelicissime fecit . Poeticam verò ita excoluit , ut ad Virgilianam majestatem proximè accessisse eum faterentur aemuli . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 12. Divinus Fracastorius .

Vir consummatissimae doctrinae : Medicus enim , Poeta , Astrologus & Philosophus fuit sua aetate doctissimus . Ejus Poemata tanti fiunt apud omnes literatos , ut illa confera●t cum Vergilianis . Boissardi Icones .

He died at Padua Anno Christianae salutis 1553.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard .

Franciscus b b Anno Aerae Christianae 1199. Helv. Chron. See of St Francis in Matthew Paris . Histor. Anglic. in Henrico tertio . Sanctorum & vitae . Monachus , an Italian Frier , an ignorant man for Learning , but witty , and the more , for that his wit was shrouded under the shadow of great simplicity : He was the Founder of the Franciscans . Bonaventure hath written his life .

Francis c c Franciscus Rex primus regias linguas atque artium liberalium professiones instituit . Rami Schol. Math. l. 1. the first King of France , Anno 1515.

The several courses he took for the restoring of Learning in France , Antoine du Verdier mentions in his learned Preface to his Bibliotheque , and in his Book , he saith , He was deservedly called the father of Learning , because he planted in his Kingdom both Hebrew , Greek and Latine , and gave great salaries to the choice men of all Europe in all Learning , to reade publickly in the University of Paris . See more there .

To one that desired pardon for another that had used ill speeches of his Majesty , Franciscus Rex Gulielmum Budaum ab umbra & pulvere literario , in quibus delitescebat ad honores & splendorem au●ae evehebat , & honorifica ad Leonem X , qui & ipse summo amore doctos prosequebatur , legatione ornabat . Ex hujus consilio postea professores linguae sacrae , Graecae & Latinae , Philosophiae item , medicinae & mathematicarum disciplinarum instituit , qui attributis pro tempore amplissimis stipendiis in ludo Cameracensi publicè praelegerent , horum ope discussis ignorantiae tenebris , lux literis , & per literas ueritati in Gallia , atque ad eo tota Europa , restituta est : ut cum alii principes ambitiosis , aliunde conquisitis titulis vanam gloriamau cupentur , ipse parens litterarum appellari meruerit , circa se doctos homines semper habuit , quos dum cibum caperet de rebus pulcerrimis disserentes avidissimè audiebat : praecipuéque naturalis historiae enarratione delectabatur , in qua tantum audiendo profecerat , ut quamvis à pueritia nullis literis imbutus , quicquid de animalibus , plantis , metallis , gemmis ab antiquis & recentibus scriptoribus memoriae proditum est , & meminisset & apte edistereret . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 11. Vide plura ibid. Franciscus Franciae , vel hoc uno bonarum artium ac literarum amore à Francis Magnus cognominatus , ut a●tea Cosmus à Florentinis . Rami Praefat. Mathem . 3. C'est ce Roy , qui institua les douze Lecteurs Royaux en son Université de Paris , & auquel principalement ce titre , par droict de preciput , luy est Escheu de Pere , nourissier & amateur des bonnes lettres , lesquelles il a conduit à telle perfection , qu'elles sont arrivees au feste de leur gloire , & jusques à Ce poinct , qu● le siecle d'Auguste fils adoptif de Jules Caesar n'a point esté si copieux en hommes de grande literature & pleins de diversirè de scauoir , que le temps qui nous à menè & mis au siege Royall ce François pere de Muses Thevet . Vies des Hommes Illustres l. 4. this King said , Let him for whom thou art a Sutor , learn to speak little , and I will learn to pardon much .

Thevet and Postellus travelled into the East to procure him rare Books for his Library .

The death of King Francis chanced unfortunately for Students and learned men . For he loved all Liberal Sciences , no man better , not shewed more liberality to advance the same . Through long use and custom , he had gotten much knowledge . For dining and supping his talk was commonly of Learning , and that most earnestly using many years for the same purpose Iames Coline a learned man , and in the vulgar tongue most eloquent . And after him Peter Castellan . Of these two had he learned , whatsoever was written in the books of Poets , Historiographers and Cosmographers . Moreover he knew perfectly whatsoever Aristotle , Theophrastus , Pliny , and such other like , have written of the nature of Plants , Herbs , Beasts , Metals and precious Stones , and by daily use and hearing did remember them .

He was wont also to conferre much of the Mathematical Sciences , and to reason oft of the Scriptures . In his own Tongue he was alwayes accounted right eloquent and grave . Throughout Greece and Italy he had those that sought and copied out for him the Works of old Writers , and he made a great Library . The Keeper whereof was Castellane . Sleid. Comment. l. 19. p. 283. Evangelium in Gallia perumpit sub Francisco 2o .

Kings might soon be learned , who might learn the holy Word of both Testaments in two moneths , and the Concent of Scripture in an hour : and might command that every Sermon should either abridge the whole Bible , as St Paul doth to the revolting Hebrews : or tell the afflictions of our Lords Family , as Daniel doth seven times over : or weaknesse of Salomens Kings : or how Aarons twelve stones tell the Tribes story : or the golden chain of Chronicle and Jubilees : or the Mysteries of Moses Ceremonies : or Collations of Prophecies with event : or like Revolutions to shew Gods facility in teaching Christ : or some whole book in one Sermon . Brought of the Revelat. in c. 12.

Marquardus Freherus . Jurisconsultus altae eruditionis vir , Germaniae suae ocellus . Casaub. ad Theephr . Charact. Optimus & doctissimus Freherus Germaniae decus & juris & omnis eruditionis peritissimus . Principi Palatino à Consiliis . Casaub. Animadvers . in Sueton.

He was born Anno Christiano 1565. a great Antiquary .

His Works are mentioned by Melch. Ad. in his life .

Ioh. Tho. Freigius , a very learned man , Anno Christi 1564.

He was famous for his knowledge in Philosophy , Philology , Law . Peter Ramus his Scholar , and diligent follower all his life time . He writ his Life , and this Epigram on him being dead .

Invictus , Rame es , nam bis duo pectore gestas : Socratis , Euclidi● , Tullii , Aristotelis . Arte es Aristoteles : methodo Plato : Tullius ore : Ingenio Euclides Rame , quid ulterius .

Melchior Adam mentions his works .

Nicolaus Frischlinus , a learned man .

Iohn * * Praeter bonarum literarum reconditam eruditionem , in utraque lingua Latina & Graeca , doctissimus evafit . Baleus De Script . Brit. Cent. 8. Frith , a learned Divine and Martyr .

Io. Froissardus * * Anno Aerae Christianae 1378. Helv. Chron. , a French Historian .

Libertus a a Amaenissimi ac politissimi vir ingenii , doctrinae , & lection is omnisariae , atque in Mathesi rerumque coelestium indagatione non infeliciter quoque vetsatus . Valeri Andreae Bibliotheca Belgica . Fromondus , He hath written well of Meteors .

Lucas Fruterius . Quae scripta , quanquam adfecta potius , quà , confecta sunt ( mors enim intervenit , & limam omnem abrupit ) tamen facilè adolescentis ingenium judiciumque indicant . Aubert . Mirai . Elog. Belg.

Lipsi●s mentions him among the prime wits of the Low-Countreyes .

There are published three Books of his , verisimilium .

There are also Epistolae Philologicae of his .

Leonardus b b Duabus maximè rebus , in docendo necessariis , veram consequebatur laudem , methodo & sermonis perspicuitate . Melch. Ad. in vita Fuchsii . Fuchsius , Anno Salutis humanae 1501.

He rightly called his Book Compendinm medicinae , but not Methodum medicinae , as Caius de libris propriis shews .

These Works of his are published .

Compendiara ac succiucta admodum in medendi artem introductio .

Liber sextus Epidemiorum Hippocratis è Graeco in Latinum translatus , cum Commentariis luculentissimis .

Paradoxorum medicinae libri tres , in quibus multa à nemine hactenus prodita , Arabum & aetatisque nostrae medicorum errata confutantur .

And others mentioned by Melchior Adam .

B. Fulgentius Ruspensis Episcopus Fulgentissimum Ecclesiae sidus . Voss. Hist. Pelag. Vixit Anno Aerae Christi 500. Calvis . Chron. 491. Helv. l. 1. c. 21.

In the time of his sicknesse this was his familiar speech , Da Deus mi , hic patientiam , post indulgentia● . Here , ô God , give me patience , and then pardon and mercy . Hic in exilium missus est in Sardiniam una cum centum aliis & viginti Episcopis Africae , à Trasymundo Uvandalorum rege duriusculus inprimis , & affectatior stylo est , adeò ut in scriptis suis spinas , & verborum asperi●ates , si non aculeos potius pro verbis inseruisse videatur : Et inprimis in mythologico . Nam alia quidem piè , & Christianè scripta , non tam horrida sunt . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4. Fulgentius Augustini sententiis adeò delectatus est , ut eas pluribus in locis non tam imitatus sit , quam expresserit . Gomarus De Provid . Dei . c. 12.

Fulgentius Ferra●dus , 530.

Baptista d d In Baptisto Fulgosio qui patrum nostrorum aetate principatum in patria obtinuit , tanta fuit , ac tam multiplex eruditio , tantáque vetustatis atque omnium aetatum cognitio , ut quem cum illo conferas , haud facile reperias : id quod manifeste docet opus laboriofissimum , quo Valerium Maximum imitatus de factis & dictis memorabilibus conscripsit . In qu● omnium nationum , omniumque temporum exempla ita collegit , ut cunctorum saeculorum historiam brevi perstrictam ante oculo● hominum posuisse videatur , quae res immensi operis atque infiniti pene laboris fuit . Ubert . Fol. Clar. Lig. Elog. Vide plura ibid. Fulgosius .

William Fulk Doctor of Divinity , and Master of Pembrook Hall in Cambridge . As for the Centuries I dare say , I never read five leaves of them together , or in parts . But I dare shew to any man that doubteth of my reading of the most ancient Writers , my Book of Notes written with mine own hand , more then fifteen years past . Doctor Fulkes Rejoynd . to Bristows Reply .

That profound , ready and resolute Doctor , the hammer of Hereticks , the Champion of Truth D. Hall first Decad. of Epist. Epist. 7.

His English Works are fully mentioned by Maunsel in his Catalogue of English printed Books .

His Latine are ,

Our anomachia .

Resp. ad Ep. Stanislai Hosii de expresso Dei verbo .

De successione Ecclesiastica contra Stapletonum Praelectiones in Apocalypsi● .

Nic. Fuller .

He is styled Doctissimus vir by Constanti●e L'Empereur not is in Benjamin●m , and by Buxtorf Dissertat . de Nomin. Heb.

His Miscellanies , and his Exposition of Rabbi Mardochie Nathans Hebrew roots with Notes upon it ( in a Manuscript kept in Archivis in Oxford Library ) shew his excellent skill in the Hebrew , and in other Philologicall Learning . Per multa sunt difficilia & obscura in Opere illo utilissimo concordantiarum Hebraicarum à R. Mardoch●o Nathane constructo . Quae partim in ipsa version● nostra , partim in notis eidem insertis , pro virili parte expedivimus atque illustravimus . Fulleri Miscel. c. 4. l. 6. c. 19.

Inter harum literarum studiosos meritò primas tenet Nicolaus Fullerus . Pocock . Not. Miscel. In Portam Mosis .

He intended to put forth a Lexicon . Sicuti in Lexico nostro apertius ostendamus & sigillatim , modo vita supersit , a● studiis con●tibusque nostris propitius adsit calestis Pater & Deus noster in secula benedictus . Fulleri Miscel. l. 3. c. 10. and c. 20. of the same book he saith , Quemadmodum in Lexico nostro dilucidè docuimus . Vide Praefat. ejus ad l. 4. Miscel. & l. 4. c. 7.

The End of the third Book .

THE FOVRTH BOOK . Of such as were Famous for ZEAL IN THE True RELIGION , Or in any Kinde of Learning .

CHAP. I. G

IO. Gagneius .

He hath written upon all the New Testament .

Rob. Gagwin .

He wrote the French History . Robertus Gagulnus 〈◊〉 Galli● scriptor egregius , Ludovico XII . inprimis c●rus vir certè non in historia modò , sed in Oratoria quoque a● poetica facultate , omnique polit●ori litteratura egregiè versarus . A●ber●● Miraei Elog. Belg.

Erasmus his intimate friend cals him a most discreet Historiographer .

He compares him to Salust and Livy , for purity of speech and composition of his History .

He was sent Embassadour by the King of France into Italy , England , and Germany .

He put out some Poems .

Petrus a a Scito illos libros esse compendium duorum ingentium voluminum , quibus titulum Pugionem fidei fecit auctor Raimundus Sebon Monachus Dominicus eximius Philologus , Scalig. Epist. ●asaub . Vide Scalig. l. 1. Epist. 44. & 93. & Observat. Ioseph de Voisin in Proaemium Raym. Mart. Pug. Fid. Galatinus nec à se , quae scripsit , habuit , nec etiam rem intellexit . Notum est , illum Raymundi Martini Pugionem compilasse , & ex eo quaecunque habuit , in solidum hausisse . Qua de re ego ●estari possum qui uttumque habeo . Ioan. Buxtorf . Simeoni de Muis. Vide Cartw. Prae●at . ad Annotat in Genes. Galatinus .

He takes all from Raimundus or Porchetus .

Galeacins Caraccielus b b Genevam patre & conjuge ac liberis relictis concessit ; cum aloquoties cum patre primum in Italia , & postea cum patre ac conjuge simul collocutus , nec illius reverentia , nec amore hujus , aut liberorum collo paterno haerentium blandiciis ac lacrymis adduci posset ut propositum mutaret . Postremo Genevam reversus , quasi uxor secum prima divortium fecisset , aliam duxit , primum consultis Pastoribus , sicuti scribunt , qui res eas prodidere . T●uan . Hist. Tom. 4. l. 85. Vide plura ibid. , an Italian Marquesse . He renounced Pope●y , and became a good Protestant .

Beza hath written his Life .

Galen , a Learned Physitian of Pergamus , the chiefest Physitian next Hyppocrates . Anno Aetae Christi 143. Calvis . Chron. 138. Helv. Chron.

He coming to a shop and finding a Book under his name which he knew not of , nor never saw before , he wrote a Book de libris propriis .

The like hath Cardane and Caius of Cambridge done , that their genuine writings Hic cunctis Philosophis & Philologis utilis , loquitur ubique , puro , eleganti , simplici , & nunquam affectato sermone , non sine magna vocum & sententiarum supellectile : adeò , ut nulla satietate lectorem offendat : sed ubique progrediendi cupidum , rhetorico artificio demulceat , homo ad eloquentiam factus . In hoc praecepta quaedam philosophica rara & eximia , magisque illustria quàm apud ullum alium scriptorem invenias . Nhil ob●rudit lectori , quod non firmis rationibus demonstret , ac ejus contrarium refutet , qui ni moralia habet perpulchr● , affectibus moderandis . Ambitionem & avaritiam praecipuè insectatur , & de qualibet re doctè & eleganter disterit . Nullis non ad ingen●i Cultum ejus lectio utilis . Heur● . Dissertat . De Studio Medic. might be known , they having published many Works .

Some say he lived sevenscore years .

Galenus homo Graecus , & summi judicii a● doctrinae vir , ut si quis alius sui aut insequentis temporis . Caius de Pronunciat . Graec. & Lat. Ling.

His Philosophicall and Physicall Books were printed in Greek by Aldus Manutius at Venice , being distinguished into Tomes , with the most copious Prefaces of Camerarius , Gemaseus and Fuchsius most famous men : They were Printed at Basil in a great Folio .

Petrus a a He wrote an Oration contra Academiam Rami , and another of the praises of Francis the first . Gallandius . Turnebus in the 2 d Book of his Adversaria , c. 1. much commends him .

Inter primos liberales disciplinas in Gallia jacentes politioris doctrinae luce illustravit . Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg.

Many of the famous learned men of France were his Scholars , amongst which Adrian Turnebus was one , as he ingenuously confesseth in his Adversaria .

Gulilaeus b b Sidereus Nuncius , magna , longéque admirabilia spectacula pandens , suspiciendaque proponens , maximè Philosophis , atque Astronomis , quae perspicilli nuper à se reperti beneficio sunt observata in facie Lunae . Leonis Allatii Apes Urbanae . Vide Blancani Chronol. clarorum Mathematicorum . Florentiae nobili ac vetere prosapia , non tamen legitimo toro , natus . Iani Nicii Eryt●raei Pinacotheca . Vide plura ibid. Galilaeus of Florence , a famous Philosopher and Mathematician .

He hath published many things in the Hetrurian and Latine Language .

Henricus c c Anno Aerae Christi 1291. Helv. Chron. He●ricu● à Gandavo qui vulgo doctor sol●●nis vocatur , floruit ante 350 annos . Illyr. Cat●l . Test. Verit l. 16. Nemo Belgarum Henrico Gandaven●i in Theologicis ac Philosophicis studiis , aut acrior aut subtilior fuit , ut qui admirandis Commentationum Voluminibus , communi Gymnas●orum consensu , Doctoris Solennis cognomen assecutus sit . Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica . Gandavensis .

He was born at Gaunt in the Low-Countries , and was a Doctor of S●rbonne and explained the Scriptures many years at Paris .

He wrote , besides Learned Commentaries upon Aristotles Physicks and Metaphysicks , a Theologicall summe , and a great Volume of Quodlibeticall Questions , as they called them .

Stephen d d Homo is & doctissimus & va●errimus , Pontificiaeque factioni deditissimus , ita tamen ut temporibus fe accommodans vivente Henrico ( qui in legationibus illius opera multum usus fuerat , & magnam authoritatem ipsi detulerat ) iis quae semel legibus constituta essent , nunquam voluerit refragari . Godw. Rerum Anglic . Annal. l. 2. Edw. 6. Vir fuit procul dubio haud indoctus ( quod opera ejus satis testantur ) & ingenio ul●ra quam expediret acri , eo nisi rectius usus fuisset . Pro odio quo veram religionem pros●cutus est capitali , non solum multos bonos viros flammis tradidit absumendos , verum & in hoc omnibus ingenii nervis incubuit , ●t Eliz●betham nuper Reginam quoquo modo tolleret è medio ; frustra dicens , folia decuti , ramusculos amputari ; ●ad●eem hanc & haereticorum spem unicam excindendam ac sti●pi●ns eradicandam , alias nihil ●os acturos . Godw. De Prae●ul . Ang. Comment. In lecto decumbentis Cadaver ita pu●ridum ●aetidumque ante Mortem fuit , ut praesentibu● qui eum curabant nihil molestius ipso odore esse potuit . In ipso mortis momento haec verba ejaculatus est . Erravi cum Petro , non flevi cum Petro. Antiq. Britan p. 342. Gardiner Bishop of Winchester , a Scholar good enough , as his Works shew , but a great enemy to the Protestants in Q. Maries daies .

He died miserably , as Mr Fox and others bear witness .

He hath written a Book De vera Obedientia ; and other Works in English .

Petrus Gassendus , Professor of the Mathematicks at Paris , the greatest Astronomer now living . Petrus Gassendus Di●iensis Ecclesiae ●heologus , vir primatius , qui novo ingenii acumine , diserta orationis textura , & admirandorum monumentorum copia Europae innotuit . Leonis Allatii Apes Urbanae .

Thomas Gataker of the Gatakers of Gataker in Shropshire , a solid , judicious and pious Divine ; as his divers learned Latine and English Treatises shew .

For the Hebrew he acknowledged himself much beholding to Lively in the 9th Ch. of the 2 d Book of his Cinnus , and for the Greek to Iohn Boyse , c. 9. of the first Book . See his Life .

He was my worthy Friend , and receiving a kinde Letter from him not long before his death , he thus concluded it , Thus with hearty salutation of your self and yours , recommending your pious indeavours and indefatigable labours to the Lords gracious protection , I rest , Yours assured in him , T. G.

Lucas Gauricus .

He flourished at Venice Anno Christi 1550.

He was made Bishop for his Learning . He wrote many things . His Works are in two Tomes .

Pomponius Gauricus a Learned man also , was his brother .

He hath written De Sculptura .

Theodorus Gaza . Omnium sui temporis hominum doctissimus habitus est . Boiss . Icon. Anno Aerae Christi 1440. Helv. Chron. Historias Aristotelis de Animalibus , & ●heophrasti de plantis , ita Latinas fecit , ut Romanae linguae facultatem , quum nova vocabula solerter e●●ingeret , audaci , sed generosa translatione locupletavit . Paul Iov . Elog. Vir. Doct. Magnam incomparabilemque jacturam jampridem fecimus Pontifex Maxime in Theodoro Gaza , qui vir Graecus Latinos omnes in hoc munere scribendi interpretandique superavit . Is ●i diu●ius vixisset : hac quoque parte locupletasset . Quod & fecit in libris illis absolutissimis de animalibus Aristotelis , & Theophrasti de stirpibus . Ab hujus scriptis adjutum me & fateor & praedico , hunc ego non magnopere in curiosius legi , quam M. Tullium , Plinium , Columellam , Varronem , Sen●cam , Apuleium , & cae●eros , quos in hoc genere Commentandi diligenter enoluere necessarium est . Polit. Epist. l. 12. Epist. 118. Her●o● . Berb . ad Sixtum quartum Pont. Max. Vide Pier. Valer. De litteratorum infelicitate , l. 4.

He was born in Greece , and brought up in Italy . Vir graecus , & ut doctis etiam videtur eruditissimus . Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1.

He did so happily translate Tullies Book de Senectute into Greek , that he hath excellently there represented the Majesty of Tullies eloquence .

When he presented to Sixtus Quartus the Pope of Rome Aristotles Books de Animalibus , translated out of Greek , which could not be done but by one most learned in both Languages , and the Book was adorned with golden plates . The Pope asked what the adorning of it cost , his servant telling him fourty pieces of gold , he commanded so many to be given him , and no more . Alsted . Encyclop .

Many of his Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

Geber , a Learned Arabian , a great Chymist , and a most acute Writer , but very Arabs fuit Geber , quo nemo de rebus Chymicis scripsit eruditius , sublimius , doctius , meliori methodo , subtilius & acutius , ita tamen temperata tota illa su● scriptione & tractatione , ut lectores non doctiores sed ferè incertiores & magis dubios à se dimittat , cùm , si quis attendat , ultro deditaque opera & studio involuat , quae dicit & tradit omnia , ne quisquam unquam videlicet acquirat ex librorum ejus lectione . Centum annis post Mahumetem vixit , quem natione Graecum aiunt fidem abjurasse . Neand. Geog. part. 2. obscure .

The Alchimists have on set purpose ( saith Theuet Vies des hommes Illustres l. 2. ) obscured their manner of teaching , not only thereby to make their Science more wonderfull , but also to hinder the most part of men from attaining it . He saith there that William Postell his good Friend and companion of his Travels in the East , Greece and Asia , had the Almagest of Geber , which is an excellent Work in the Arabick Tongue , containing the Explanation of the state of the years , and Ceremonies , according to the Feasts and Solemnities of the Israelites , Nestorians , Persians and Syrians , which he had got from a Jew .

There is in Sion Colledge Alchimia , De Metallorum Investigatione & Perfectione .

De Fornacibus construendis Explicatio librorum Gebri , & Raym. Lullii .

Gelasius primus Papa . An. Dom. 496. Gelasius Cyricen , 476.

Gelasius the first of that name Pope , published five Books of the two Natures of Christ , against Eutiches & Nestorius . Two Books against Arius .

Sigism . Gelenius . Bohemus , vir diversis linguis & variarum rerum cognitione doctissimus . Ges●eri Bibliotheca .

He hath written Observat. & Emendat . in Tit. Livium .

Aulus Gellius . In the year of our Lord 98.

Ludovicus Vives censures him somewhat harshly Homo rhapsodus plane , congestor potius quam digestor , & ostentator quam peritus , loquaculus sine eruditione : in verbis ac sententiis putidulus . Quae de signisicatu vocum disserit , sunt plerunque imperita ac falsa . Legendus est quidem , sed ita , ut te rem levem scias inspicete . Lud. Viv. de Tradend . Discip. l. 3. Aulus Gellius Romae Magistratum aliquando gessit . Noctium Atticarum ( philologiam eruditam & variam ) libros 20 reliquit , qui in manibus eruditorum hactenus versantur . Neand. Geog. part. 1. , but Stephanus defends him in his Notes upon him .

His Book more pleaseth with its variety then its order .

Agellius potius quàm Gellius , dictus videtur scriptor noctium Atticarum . Voss. De Anal. l. 1. c. 6.

Aulus Gellius huic , legiturque Agellius illi , Nominibus priscis heu malè tut● fides . Steph. Paschas . Icones .

Some dislike the title of his Book , because it shews the time when he wrote it , rather then the subject of the book .

Geminus .

Sir Henry Savill terms him Elegantissimum and acutissimum .

Georgius Gemistius Pletho , a Grecian , and great Scholar .

He put out a defence of Plato , he was Professour in Greece , and taught only those of his own Nation , amongst whom Bessario was one , many of whose Epistles to him are extant . Volat. Anthropol . l. 21. Ge●ma à Patria Frisius vulgo dictus , Lovanii Medicinam publicè professus , sed Mathematicarum scientiarum , quas domi docebat , rarâ scientiâ longè illustrior fuit . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l 16. Est autem Ge●ma apud Frisios nomen frequens & usitatum . Suffrid . Pet. De S●ript . Fris.

Gemma Frisius , a great Mathematician .

Ut gemma quaedam rarior , inter aevi sui Mathematicos illuxit . Quo nomine Carolo V. Caesari , harum artium non ignaro in primis gratus , saepe Bruxellam est evocatus , & vicissim ab aulicis Lovanii salutatus . Caestell . Vita Illust. Med. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica .

He hath left many Writings in the Mathematicks .

De Orbis Divisione .

D● locorum describendorum ratione deque eorum distantiis inveniendis .

●s●● an●ali Astronomici .

De usu Globi Astronomici .

De Radio Astronomico & Geometrico .

Also Cosmographia cum aliis Libellis .

De Astrolabio Catholico .

Qui liber ultimus erat eorum quos conscripserat , ad●ò ut fatis praereptus , non ipsemet , sed post ipsum filius Corn●lius Gemma eum absolverit , ideóque verisimile est , eum postrem●●●uas ha● de re cogitationes & sensus , qui plaerunque sol●●t meliores veriorésque esse , patefecisse . Tych. Brah. l. 2. De Comet● Anni 1577. c. 7.

Cornelius Gemma Poets , R●etor , Philosophus , & Medicus egregius accep●am à patre famam , praeclatis ingenii sui monumentis sic auxit , ut ut●r alteri plus debeat , merito ambigas . In libris certè , quos De Arte Cyclognomica , deque naturae divi●i● Characterismis edidit dum altissima Philosophiae mysteria recludit , se ipsum quodammodo superavit . Castellani Vit. Illust. Med. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica . , a famous Physitian and Philosopher of Lovain .

Illustris parentis Gemmae Frisii non obscurus filius . Tych. Brah. De Cometa , Anni 1377. l. 2. c. 6.

Eruditionis paternae haeres praesertim quoad Artes Mathematicus , quibus ille si quis alius excelluit , Id. ibid. l. 2. c. 10.

Reliquit & Cornelius filium Philippum Doctorem medicum , rarò certè exemplo , filium , patrem , av●m , & eruditos , & iisdem deditos studiis , ut in Italia nostro aevo Man●tios flornisse . Aubertus Miraeus Elog. Belg.

Gilb. Genebrard , a Divine of Paris , and the Kings Professor of Hebrew : A Eruditum sed pe●ulantissimum pro cacitatis animal . Monta●●t . Praefat. ad Apparat. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tomo 5 t● lib. 119. good Hebrician , but a most petulant Writer .

By whom ( saith B. And. ) it is verified that much Learning and railing may be accidents in one subject .

Gennadius Scholaris . 1450. Gennadius Massiliensis floruit in fine quinti seculi sub annum Domini 490. Forb●● . Instruct. Histor. Theol. l. 13. c. ● .

Innocentius Gentiletus .

He hath put out Examen Concilii Tridentini .

An Apology for the French Christians of the Reformed Religion , both in French and Latine . Apologia pr● Christianis Gallis religionis reformatae .

Apologie pour les Chrestiens de France de l● Religion Evangelique on Reformee found●e sur la Saincte Escritur● & approveè par la raison , & par les a●ci●●s Canons .

Alberi●us Gentilis , an eloquent Italian , the Regius Professor of Civil Law in Oxford .

His Works are most of them mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue and the Appendix .

Iohn Gerhard , Doctor of Divinity , and Professor in the University of Iena . Doctor Gerhard●● , quem unum pro omnibus affer●m , quia quicquid Chemnitius , Hunnius , & alii habent , accurate collegit . Albertinus De Sacramento Eucharistiae l. 1. c. 13. Libellus cedro dignus meditationum quinquaginta sacrarum : quo fato fuerit exceptus , tot versiones , Germanicae , Gallicae , Anglicae , Italicae ; tot editiones , littetis exscriptae certissime vel me racente , proclamant . Non magnus quidem e●t , verum aureolus & ad verbum ediscendus . Mich. Dilher . Laudai . Funch . Venerem illam Evangelicam à magn● Chemnitio pingi captum , à disertissimo Lysero continuatam , quis , praeter Gerhardum , attigit ? Hic erat alter ille Apell●s , qui absolveret . Id. ibid.

A laborious and Learned Lutheran , as his Supplement of Cheminitius his Harmony , and his Common places of Divinity , Commentaries on the Hebr. and Peter , Meditationes sacrae shew .

At the end of Gerhardi Patrologia , there are Funerall Orations had in divers Universities at Gerhards death , where he is deservedly magnified .

CHAP. II.

JOhn Gerson , Anno Salutis 1410. 1363. saith Theuet . Iohannes de Gerson natione Gallus , Cancellatius Parisiensis , Petri de Aliaco Cardinalis Cameracensis olim discipulus , vir in divinis scripturis eruditissimus , & secularis Philosophiae non ignarus , ingenio subtilis , sermone Scholasticus , sententia certus & stabilis consilio cautus & dubiorum clarissimus interpres , vita & conversatione insignis , Theologorum sui temporis longè princeps . Trithem . de Script . Eccles. Iohannes Gerson Cancellarius Parisiensis quòd in Consilio Constantiensi emendationem Ecclesiae Romanae plurimis rationibus proposuerat , dissoluto Concilio , domo , patria , dignitatibus , &c. spoliatus , & à Pontisice pulsus Lugduni consenuit , ibique mortuus est . Anno Aerae Christi 1429. Calvis . Chronol . Vir doctus & pius . Bellarm. de Scripti Eccles. Ioannes Gerson Cancellarius Parisiensis & ●amosissimus sua aetate Theologus . Is Caroli , septimi temporibus regius ad Constantiense Consilium Orator auctoritate sua & doctrinae opinione pernicerat , ut multa in eo salutaria & memorabilia insererentur , indeque re bene ad Dei gloriam & decus regni gesta reversus , doctoris Christianissimi non solum apud nos , sed inter exteras nationes summo consensu nomen meruerat . Thuan. Hist. Tomo quinto parte secunda , l. 137. Le plus grand theologien que nous eusmes iamais en France , fut maistre Iean Gerson qui florit sous le regne de Charles sixiesme . Pasquier de Recherch . de la France , lib. 3. pag. 44. Vide Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 15.

A Divine of Paris right famous , he was present at the Councell of Constance , and in books written he commendeth highly the Decree whereby it is agreed that the Bishop of Rome should be subject to the Counsell . And saith the thing is worthy to be written in all Churches and publick places , for a perpetuall memory . For he saith they are pestilent flatterers which bring this Tyranny into the Church , as though the Bishop of Rome ought neither to obey the Counsell , nor be judged by the same , as though the Counsell should take all its force and authority from him , as though it could not be called but at his pleasure , as though he were bound to the observation of no Laws , nor no accompt might be taken of his doings . These monstrous sayings must be utterly rejected , which are against all Laws equity and reason . For all the authority of the Church dependeth on the generall Counsell , and it is lawfull to appeal from the Pope unto it : and those which inquire whether the Bishop of Rome or the Church be greater , make as wise a question as if they should ask whether the part be more , or the whole , for it appertaineth to the Counsell , to constitute , to judge , and to depose the Bishop of Rome , as lately it was declared at Constance . Sleid. Comment. l. 1.

The greatest Learned man of his time , and the only Doctor and leader of the Councell of Constance . B. Iewels Pref. to his Defence of his Apol.

He was counted a subtill Disputer and profound School-Doctor , and for his Wisdom and Learning was thought worthy to be the Director of all the Bishops in the Councell of Constance , that is , all the Bishops of the world . Iewels Def. of his Apol. part. 4. c. 15.

The Learned and devout Chancellor of Paris . B. Bedell Waddesw . lett . p. 107.

He wrote a Book de auferibilitate Papae ab Ecclesia , intimating that it is in the power of a Generall Councell to cast the Pope out of his place , and to choose another .

He was singularly acquainted with temptations , and wrote a Book De variis Diaboli tentationibus . He was sirnamed Doctor Christianissimus .

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him ,

Quid potuit Sorbona ; doces meritissimè Gerso ; Magni Gerso luxque , decusque chori ?

His Works are Printed in four Volumes , his French Works are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque .

Conradus Gesnerus . He was born at Zurick the chief Town of the Helvetians , Tigurinorum decus immortale . Casaub. in Athen. l. 7. c. 18. Getmaniae nostrae Plinius Couradus Gesnerus . Alsted . Encyclopaed . l. 32. c. 5. Vir longissima vitâ dignissimus , & quam exegisse videbitur iis , qui aetatem ejus ex librorum , quos plurimos ac utilissimos confeci● , industriâ suâ illustravit & editit , non ex annorum , quos vixit , numero metientur . His accessit praeter doctrinam , quae in eo eximia fuit , incredibile juvandae reipublicae litterariae studium ▪ quo usque ad ultimum vitae spiritum flagravit . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 36. Anno Christi 1516.

He was scarce 49 years old when he died . He died Anno Christi 1565.

Neander in the first part of his Geography highly commends him , especially for those three Works , his Historia Annimalium , and Stirpium , and Bibliotheca .

Verè sanctissimus , doctissimus , omnibusque numeris absolutissimus , & totius Enropae ornamentum . Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Bulling.

Nobilis ejus fama , quam praeclaris scriptis suis sibi peperit , jampridem in omnes Orbis provincias emanarit . Waseri ad Mithridatem Gesireri Commentarius .

Caius in his Book de Libris propriis , commends him highly , and much bewails his death .

He practised Physick in Zurick and taught Philosophy for a publick stipend 25 years .

Vir pius & omni genere virtutum ornatissimus , omnia naturae arcana perscrutatus . in omni literarum genere , praesertim verò in medicina & Philosophia naturali atque Philologia clarissimas lucubrationes edidit , lumen Germaniae & decus Helvetiae . Boissardi Icones . He mentions his Works .

William Gibieuf Doctor of Sorbonne .

He hath written two Books * * Cujus liber Lutetiae prodiit ante triennium Pontifici Romano dicatus , & novem variorum autorum & ordinum approbationibus munitus . Bever●v . De Vitae Termino . p. 220. De libertate Dei & Creaturae , which are often cited by Bishop Davenant and others .

Obertus Gifanius .

Vir eruditissimus , mihique obrarat excellentissimi ingenii dotes carissimus . Jos. Scal. Com. in Copam .

He hath published

Observationes in Linguam Latinam .

Gulielmus Gilbertus , an English man .

He hath written a painfull and an experimentall Work , touching the Loadstone . Gilbertus noster artis tam Magneticae quam Medicae scientissimus . Full. Miscel. ● a● . l. 4. c. 19. Consulendi sunt qui de Magnete scripserunt , praesertim Gulielmus Gilbertus Glocestrensis Philosophus & medicus Londinensis , qui ante triennium tres amplissimos Commentarios de ea re edidit , quibus magis mihi probavit doctrinam suam quam Magnetis naturam Nam incertior sum , quam dudum . Ios. Scalig. Epist. l. 2. Epist. 200. Quidam Anglus ante triennium libro de Magnete edito , nihil dignum expectatione ea , quam excitarat , protulit . Scalig. Epist. Casaub. Bac. Advancem . of Learning , l. 2. c. 13.

That admirable searcher of the nature of the Loadstone , Dr Gilbert , by means of whom , and of Dr Harvey , our Nation may claim , even in this later age , as deserved a Crown for solid Philosophical Learning , as for many ages together it hath done formerly , for acute and subtill speculations in Divinity . Sir Ken. Digb . Treat . of Bodies , c. 20.

Learned Peireskius was wont to lament , that when he was in England , he was not acquainted with this William Gilbert the Author of the Book de Magnete , nor Thomas Lydiat the famous Mathematician . Gassend . de Vita Peiresk . l. 2.

Gassendus l. 4. de vita Peiresk . makes honourable mention of his Book de Magnete p. 378.

We had not any certain or satisfactory knowledge of Magneticall properties , untill such time as it pleased God to raise up one of our Countrymen , Dr Gilbert , who to his evelasting praise hath troden out a new path to Philosophy , and on the Loadstone erected a large Trophy to commend him to posterity . Carpent . Geog. first Book , chap. 3. See more there .

Pet. Gillius , a most Learned man , Aquitanus .

Duo magna hujus saeculi lumina , Petrus Gillius & Gulielmus Philander . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 82. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 16.

Sylvester Giraldus , a man elegantly Learned for those times . Sylvester Giraldus , vir suo seculo inter literatos non parvi precii ; scripsit topographiam totius Hiberniae . Lel. Comment. In cygneam Cantionem .

Sylvester Giraldus Cambrensis , a Britain by birth , though by descent rather an Englishman or a Norman , as he makes himself , but a very Learned man for those times .

There is published of his Itinerarium Cambriae cum Annotat. Descriptio ejusdem , & De rebus Hybernicis .

Victor Giselinus .

Besides divers Poems , he wrote Learned Notes upon Prudentius the Christian Poet , Note● and a Chronology upon the Works of Sulpitius Severus .

Ranulphus Glanvile de Glanvilla , Chief Justice in the reign of King Henry the Vir Nobilissimi generis , & in utroque jure cruditus . Baleus De Script . Britan. Cent. 3. 2 d , wrote Learnedly and profoundly of part of the Laws of England .

He wrote a Book De Legibus & consuetndinibus Regni Angli● .

Henricus Glareanus , an excellent Mathematician .

He hath written well of Musick , upon Livy , Salust , and divers other Works .

Salomon Glassius , a Learned Lutheran , and the great ornament of Germany for Theologus longè meritissimus , & Interpres Scripturae felicissimus . Dither . Disput. Acad. Tom. 2. sacred Philology .

His Christologia Mosaica . Philologia Sacra , and other Works are very Usefull .

Rodolphus * * Utriusque literaturae peritissimus , st●lo cum primis felici , sive ipsam orationem tractet , sine metri legibus astrictam , Philosophicae rei non vulgariter doctus , moribus incorruptis , spectataeque integritatis . Erasm. Epist. l. 12. Epist. 30. Vide etiam l. 17. Epist. 7. & 12. ejus elogium . Goclenius .

He hath written Learnedly of divers subjects in Humanity . Many of his Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue .

Conradus Goclenius .

He was first Professor of the Latine tongue at Lovain .

Annos ipsos XX. quibus publicè professus est , auditoribus suis adeo gratus fuit , ut eos nec assiduitate , satiarit unquam , nec diuturnitate lassarit . Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg.

Fr. Godwin , Bishop of Landaff .

His Rerum Anglicarum Annales : and his Tract De Praesulibus Angliae shew his Learning .

Thomas Godwin . His Roman and Jewish Antiquities are very usefull .

D●mianus A Goes Lusitanus . Lusitanus , non Belga fuit , ut ait Cornelius Callidius B●●a v●s Biblioth. Hispan . secunda Classis L●sitanorum , Tom. 3.

It happened to him as to Homer heretofore for the excellency of his wit , severall Cities strove for his birth , as those of Paris would have Christophorus Longolius to be theirs , the Romans challenged him for theirs , those of the Low-Countries for theirs , because of his great Eloquence .

Iacobus Golius , well skilled in the Orientall Tongues . Clarissimus vir Dominus Golius Arabicae linguae & Mathematum Professor in Academia Leydensi excellentissimus . Specimen Arab. Iohann . Fabric .

Admirabilis ille Arabizantium Phoenix . Hotting . Analect . Histor. Theol.

Cl. V. Iacobus Golius in praestantissimo illo linguae Arab. Thesauro . Pocock . Not. Miscel. in Portam Mosis c. 7.

Vir summus in linguis orientalibus & Mathesi Jacobus Golius Salmas . de Annis Climactericis .

Whom the States of Holland for his excellent skill in the Arabick and Mathematicks , have substituted to two famous Professors of the University , Thomas Erpenius , and Willebrord Snellius .

He travelled into the East , and observed the condition and state of the Eastern people , and got thereby knowledge of the Orientall Languages and affairs , and brought divers Orientall Books thence , which are now at Leyden .

He hath put out lately an excellent Arabick Lexicon .

Hubertus Golthzius , a great Antiquary . Dilher cals his Book De re Antiquaria Cui antiquitas Graeca at Romana secundum O. Panvinum , Antonium Augustinum , Fulvium Ursinum debet plutimum , & qui arte caelandi ac scriptis propriis ad utramque multum contulit . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3 tio l. 79. libellum Aureolum .

Franciscus Gomarus , a Learned and Judicious Divine .

All his Works Exegeticall and Polemicall are published together in one Volume in Folio .

Christopher Goodman * * Non vulgare solatium est , quod Knoxus te adjutorem fidissimum & apprime idoneum nactus est . Calvinus Christophoro Goodmanno . , a Learned Scotch Divine , and according to his name good and holy .

Abraham * * Vit fuit rel antiquariae , ac praesertim nummariae , quà prisci Romani Graecique Usi , inprimis amans & gnarus ; ejusque domus cimelioriorum generis omnis , omnisque adeò antiquitatis fuit quoddam velut receptaculum . Valerii Audreae Bibliotheca Belgica . Gorlay .

He had more then four thousand exquisite Medals of Gold , more then ten thousand of Silver , and more then fifteen thousand of Brasse , all choice ones , Ios. Scal. Lettre au Sieur De Bagar .

There is a Book of his styled Dactyliotheca published .

Io. Goropius Becanus .

A Physitian , Philosopher and Historian . He obtained an exact knowledge of the Hebrew , Greek and Latine . Divino planè vir ingenio , qualem vix singulae aetates ferant , seu Philosophiam , seu Philologiam ( in utraque enim ad miraculum usque excelluit ) tractaret ; ut seculi sui Varra nominari meritò potuerit . Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica . Castellani Vitae Medic. Illust.

Dionysius Gothofredus , an excellent Lawyer . Seculi hujus Papinianus Dionyfius Gothofredus . Cujus eruditissimè Docti viri notas in Jus Civile universum , amaenitatibus Philologicis perspersas , tota suspicit Respublica litteraria . Dilh. Disputat . Acad. Tom. 2.

He hath written short Notes upon all the Civil Law , and all Tullies Works .

He hath written also upon Seneca , and Notes ad Varronem Festum & Nonnium .

Iacobus Gothofredus his sonne .

He wrote first de Ecclesiis Suburbicariis .

He set out some Orations of Libanius with Notes , and his Oratio de Iuliane .

William Gouge Doctor of Divinity , a Learned and Pious Divine .

He was counted ( whilst he lived ) the Father of the London Ministers . A good Text-man , as his Whole Armour , Exposition of the Hebr. Exposition of the Lords Prayer , and other Learned Works shew him to be ; and he is often Honourably mentioned by Voetins , Streso , and other outlandish Divines .

He was eminent for three graces , his Humility , Patience and Faith .

He would begin his prayer very audibly and distinctly , which was the more commendable , because of his great Congregation at Blackefriers .

Sim. Goulartius , a Learned and godly French Minister . Annos LXXXV . vixit . LX. totos 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 ministerio sacro functus est fidelissimè & constantissimè . Laboris erat indefessi , candoris incomparabilis , sanctissimae in acerbissimis , qua publicis , qua primatis doloribus ferendis patientiae exemplum . Walaei Epist. Walaeo Turretinus .

There is his Morum Philosophia Historica , and Histoires admirables de nostre temps , and other Tracts , mentioned in the Appendix of Oxford Catalogue .

Ioannes Goverus , sive Gouerus * * Ita ille in doctis studiis florentes adolescentiae suae annos exegit , ut inter nobiles Anglos , literatos quidem illos , suae aetatis facilè antesignanus fuerit . Ante ejus aetatem , Anglica lingua inculta & ferè tota rudis jacebat . Nec ●●rat qui opus aliquod vernaculo idiomate elegante lectore dignum , scriberer . Patrio multa scripsit sermone , non solùm rhythmis , verùm etiam soluta oratione , quae vel hoc nostro florentissimo tempore à doctis studiose leguntur . Bal●us De Script . Britan. Cent. 7. , a Learned English Knight , and Poet Laureate .

Hic nomen suum extulit partim iis quae & Gallicè & eleganter Anglicè elaboravit . Sane is & Gualterus Chaucerus primi Anglicam linguam expolire caeperunt . Vossius de Histor: Lat. l. 3. c. 3.

Io. Grammaticus .

He hath written upon divers books of Aristotle , and de Differentiis Linguarum , Insignis Orator , qui ut Leonardus Aretinus dictitabat , primus in Italia studium eloquentiae caepit reparare , jam tum unà cum Imperii Romani majestate prorsus ferè deperditum . Albert. Descript. Ital. in Romanula . and other Works .

Saxo Grammaticus . Historiam scripsit libris XVI . in qua non pauca sunt fabulosa . Tanta ejus dictionis elegantia , ut aetatis illius captum planè excedat : imò cum antiquorum , & nostri seculi plurimis certer . Vossius De Histor. Lat. l. 2. c. 54.

He was called Grammaticus for his elegancy in the Latine Tongue .

He hath written the History of the Danes in very elegant Latine for those times .

Lud. Granatensis .

His Works are in three Tomes .

He hath written

De ratione Concionandi .

De frequenti Communione .

Sylva locorum Communium .

Dux peccatorum .

De Officio Pastorali .

Catechismus , sive Introductionis ad Symbolum Fidei libri quatuor : and other Works .

Dr Edward Grant .

He was one of the Learned Schoolmasters of Westminster .

Camden was his Usher .

He hath put out a Greek Grammer , styled Graecae Linguae spicilegium , which Camden hath contracted .

He hath also published Aschams Epistles and Poems , with his Life and Death .

Conradus Graserus .

He went some miles to the Jews to understand some Hebrew words . Vide ejus ultima verba , p. 31. in Praef.

Exquisitissimus ille ac divinitus aetate nostra excitatus antichristo-mastix juxta & doctrinae Christianae propugnator Conradus Graserus Francus . Lud. Croc. in Ficin. De Relig. Christ c. 27.

Aurei Commentarii eruditissimi Graseri in Apocalypsin & Danielem . Id. ibid.

Franc. Gratianus . 1170. Gratianus Decreta Pontificum Romanorum in unum volumen primus congesserat circa annum Domini 1040. Mirum quod Decretorum opus ad usum forensem , ac quaestiones & lites illo saeculo vexatas praesertim ac commodatum , causam & argumentum praebuit , ut Pontifices Romani deinceps quaedam alia decreta conderent , quae & ipsa posteà à Gregorio none Pontifice Romano circa annum Domini 1230. in unum quoque corpus ac volumen pluribus libris distinctum sunt Collecta & Decretalia nominata . Pezel . Mellif . Hist. Circa annum MCLVII . sub Eugenio tertio Gratianus Monachus Bononlensis , Juris Valde peritus , composuit librum Decreti praesertim ex Canonibus Conciliorū , Scriptis Patrum Latinorum Graecorumque , & Constitutionibus Pontificum , quas vel soli vel cum consilio Cardinaliū edebant , quibus & aliquas Leges Caesareas adjiciebat ; & praeter haec ipse Rubricas addidit , multaque dicta sua interseruit . Horum omnium Authoritas adhuc Controversa est , eum Gratianus saepe errare deprehendatur , in recitandis canonibus Conciliorum , dictis Patrum , & Pontificum Constitutionibus , aliterque se habere plurima reperiuntur in ipsis fontibus è quibus Gratianus haec desumpsit ; de Rubtiearum vero fide & dictorum Gratia●i omnes derogant , quod Gratianus homo privatus Legis ferendae potestatem habere non poruit . Dr Duck De Author . Jur. Civ . Roman . l. 1. c. 7. Vide Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 15.

A Monk of Bononia , he compiled the book called The Popes Decrees , or The Canon Law .

Also his brother Peter Lombard Bishop of Paris , which is called The Master of the Sentences , compiled his 4 Books of the Sentences . These two brethren were the greatest doers in finding out and establishing the blinde opinion of the Sacrament , that the only similitude of Bread and Wine remained , but not the substance of them , and this they call the Spirituall understanding of the Mystery .

G●ilhelmus Gratarolus , an excellent Philosopher and Physitian .

Et verè pius , & bene doctus peritusque medicus . In Patria ea & sua honoratus erat & dives , sola pietas illum reddidit pauperem . Zanch. Epist. lib. 2. Iusto Vult●io .

There are severall of his Works published , mentioned by Boissard .

One de Conservanda Valetudine Literatorum .

Gratius the Faliscian . Gratius poeta Augusti aevo floruit , deque venatione scripsit . Voss. l. 1. de Analog . c. 34.

An antient Latine Poet , contemporary with Virgill and Ovid , who bore an high esteem in that pure age , when the greatest Wits flourished , and Poetry underwent the severest Judges .

His style is every where concise , chast , and florid .

His Book De Venatione is now Englished by Mr Wase .

Ovid speaks of him ,

Aptaque venanti Gratius arma daret .

Iohannes Gravius , a Learned Oxonian .

Elementa Linguae Perficae .

Anonymus Persa de Siglis . Arabum & Persarum Astronomicis .

Epochae Arabum Celebriores , and his other Works shew his Abilities .

The Lady Iane Gray .

She was both Learned and Religious .

Ascham in his Epist. and Schoolmaster , and divers others commend her for her Learning .

He saith when he came to her once , whilst others were hunting and following Sic loquitur & scribit Graecè , ut vera referenti vix fides adhiberi possit . Asch. Ep. l. 1. Sturmio . their pleasures , he found her reading Platos Phaedon , and that she understood it so , that he admired her .

No marvell if she were well skilled in the Greek .

Miraris Janam Graio sermone valere ? Quo primum natae est tempore , Graia fuit . Ingenium , Graiis dedit ore rotundo Musa loqui . — Horat.

Richard Greenham , an eminent and experienced Divine . See Perkins .

His Works are in one Volume .

CHAP. III.

GRegorius M. Gregory sirnamed the Great , the first Bishop of Rome of that Gregorius Papa primus ob doctrinam magnus cognominatus , cujus opera Theologica varia in magno folio excusa habentur . Neand. Geog. part . 1. Erat natione Romanus , ex patre Gordiano , genus à pro avis non solum nobile , sed & religiosum ducens . Librum Jobi , quomodo juxta literam intelligendus , qualiter ad Christi & Ecclesiae Sacramenta referendus , quo sensu unicuique sidelium sit aptandus , per triginta quinque libros expositionis miranda ratione perdocuit . Beda Hist. Eccles. Gentis Angl. ab A Wh●loc . edita l. 2. c. 1. Alii quidem Pontifices construendis ornandisque vel auro vel argento Ecclesiis operam dabant , hic autem totus erga animarum lucra vacabat . Id. ibid. Gregorius Papa vir in divinis Scripturis eruditissimus theologorum princeps , splendor Philosophorum & rhetorum lumen , vita & conversatione integer atque sanctissimus . Trithem . de Script . Eccles. Is non sibi ipsi , sed utilitati hominum , ac honori divino consulens , quem certè ob religionem & pietatem rebus omnibus semper ante tulerat , spreris opibus , posthabitis voluptatibus atque omni ambitione , & potentia , gubernacula reipublicae Christianae suscipiens , ita vixit , ut usque ad tempora nostra neminem ex successoribus parem habuerit , nedum superiorem vel sanctitate vitae , vel diligentia in rebus agendis , vel doctrina & scriptis . Platina de vitis Pontificum Romanorum . name , Anno Dom. 1600.

He was an humble , devout , and holy Bishop , and had many pious Martyrs his Predecessors as Popes or Fathers in that See of Rome : he deserved the title of Gregory the Great for abhorring the name of Universall Bishop .

Bede cals him Apostolum nostrum our Apostle , and he gives this reason for it , quod nostram , id est , Anglorum gentem de potestate Satanae ad fidem Christi sua industria convertit , because he converted our Nation by his own industry from the power of Satan to the faith of Christ . He sent Austen the Monk and other Legates hither . See Pet. du Moulins Antibarbarian , ch. 13.

He first wrote Servus Servorum Dei , putting the Roman Bishops in remembrance thereby , both of their humblenesse , and also of their duty in the Church of Christ .

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of Gregory the first , Leo the first , and Nicholas the first .

Pontifices quot Roma tulit celeberrima sanctos ; Majores nullos Nicolao , Gregorioque ; Sive Leone habuit : re sunt ut nomine primi .

Gregory Thaumaturgus , Episcopus fuit Neocaesariensis . Floruit circa annum 233. Gerhardi Patrologia . Episcopus ●uit Neocaesariensis , & a magnitudine miraculorum patratorum Thaumaturgus appellatus . Bellarm. de Script . Eccles. Quod miraculis Clareret . Originis discipulus . Eras. Epist. l. 28. Epist. 6.

He was called Thaumaturgus from the greatnesse of his miracles : Basil saith , he was called by the enemies of the truth another Moses . Ierom styles him Virum Apostoli●orum signorum & virtutum .

When he was Bishop of Neocesarea in Pontus , he blessed God that when he came first to his charge , he found not above seventeen Christians , and when he departed from them , he left not in all his Diocesse so many unbaptized , or unbelievers .

He was present at the Synod of Antio●h , celebrated against Samosatenus , Anno 266.

He wrote a Metaphrase upon Ecclesiastes .

An Exposition of Faith .

Mr Gregory of Oxford .

His two Books shew him to be a good Linguist .

Gregorias Turonensis . Antiquissimus & fidelissimus Francorum scriptor . Chiflet . Anast. Child . Reg. c. 10.

He hath put out these Works ,

Hist. Francorum .

De gloria Martyrum .

De gloria Confessorum .

De vitis quorundam Patrum .

Iac. Gretzerus , a Learned Jesuite , a good Grecian . Iacobus Gretzerus magnae vir doctrinae , sed saepe nimis assectui indulgens . Vossius de vitiis Serm. l 3. c. 11.

He hath commandment from Claudius de Aqua viva Generall Governour of the society of the Jesuites , to second Bellarmine in all * * B. How 's . 2 d Serm. to prove that Peter had no Monarchicall power over the rest of the Apost. Vide Praefat. ejus ad tom . 1. Defens . Bellarm. his attempts , and observeth in his own Writings , these two qualities , temere dicere & astute reticere .

He is unreasonably bitter against those which are both Learned and Modest.

The defender of Bellarmine , the most scurrile Writer that this or the former age hath seen . Dr Crakanth . in a Serm. on 2 Chron. 9. 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9. Hic Doctissimus Gretzerus praeter morem satis modeste : qui quavis occasione non sine sannis arietat in Junium , & alios , itidem candidissimi pectoris , & praeclarae doctrinae Utinam foedus iste scribendi modus , qui sic nostris temporibus in famam hominum grassatur , sublatus esset de terris , scriptoribus salvis . Vossius De vitiis Sermonis l. 2. c. 2.

He was chosen for the Papists Champion , in the famous Disputation holden at Regensperg , 1600 ; whom Possevine the Jesuite cals the very hammer of the Heretiks .

Grindall , a Learned Divine .

Iohannes Groperus of Collen was offered the Cardinalship by Paul the 4th , but Iohannes Gropperus Germanus Dignitatem Cardinalis ultro oblatam , quam caeteri mortales plerunque ardentissimis votis ambiunt , rara hoc aevo modestia & animi magnitudine repudiavit . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 16. he was then old , and thinking to honour his memory much more by refusing a Dignity , desired even by great Princes , then by keeping it a few daies , he sent the Pope many thanks , together with his excuse , and refusing the Ornaments , would neither have the Name nor Title . Hist. of the Counc . of Trent , lib. 5. p. 396 , 397.

This was after a sort commendable , but his forsaking the Gospel mentioned by Sleidan in his 15 Book of Commentaries , was most wicked .

Hugo Grotius . He was born at Delph in the Low-Countries , in the year of our Non divinarum minus quam humanarum rerum scientissimus . Hugo Grotius Voss. Praefat. ad de●ens . l. de Satisfact. Christi . Lord 1583.

He hath written upon all the Old and New Testament . His Books De Veritate Religionis Christianae , and De Satisfactione Christi are well esteemed .

Piscator sent these verses to him when he published Martianus Capella .

Magnus es ingenio , doctrina magnus es idem , Nomini , & magni . Magna cupido tibi est , Non temere ergo tibi , sed cum ratione , locuta Cognomen Grotî Belgica lingua dedit . Quae pio & erudito opere de Christi satisfactione scripsit divinarum humanarumque literarum scienti●simus . Voss. in Maimon . de Idolo● . c. 6 Summus virorum Hugo Grotius , lumen illud ac columen literarum : de quo nihil tam magnificum dici aut scribl potest , quin virtus & eruditio id superarit sua . Meibomii Maecenas c. 4.

He was a very Learned Lawyer , but fell off much from soundness and Orthodoxy in the true Religion in his later daies .

Voetius in his 2 d part of Select . Theolog. Disputat . De Conversione Iudaeorum reckons him among the men dubiae ant variatae Religionis .

Some Learned and Orthodox French Divines , as Rivet , Maresius , and others also have written solidly against him .

Therefore his diligent Translatour might perhaps have been better imployed , then in turning into English his Vow for the Churches Peace , a book so empty and Heterodox , and so well refuted by the Learned Rivet in his Apoligeticus pro vera Pace Ecclesiae .

Ianus Gruterus , a famous Critick . Autuerpiae nascitur anno Christianae salutis 1560. J. C. Historicus Criticus utriusque linguae & omnis Antiquitatis petitus . Swertii Athen● Belgicae . Vir eruditissimus & de bonis literis optime meritus . Sc●lig . Animadvers . in Euseb. Casaub. not in Aelium Lampridium illum ut eruditissimum & clarissimum virum celebrat . Vide Ios. Scal●g . Epist. l. 3. Epist. 216. Pa●ritius Gandavensis , vir multae eruditionis ac Poeta suavi● : varios versus scripsi● , Justo Lipsio ab ingenii amaenitate ac doctrina charissimus Sanderus de Gandav . Erudit . Claris. l. 2.

He wrote Thesaurus Criti●us , and Criticall Notes on Seneca's Tragedies , Statius his Poems , on Martiall , Titus Livius , Tacitus . Velleius Paterculus , and others , a great and large Volume of the Inscriptions of the ancient Romans , and divers other Works .

Simon Grynaeus , born Anno 1493. Homo Latinè Graecéque ad unguem doctus , in Philosophia & mathematicis disciplinis diligenter versatus , nullo supercilio , pudore penè immodico . Eras. Epist. l. 26. Epist. 39.

Incomparabili● vir Simon Grynaeus , in quo pietatem Christianam & virtutes omnes , & musas atque charites habuisse domicilium existimo . Bibliander de Ratione Communi omnium Linguarum .

He hath written De utilitate legendae Historiae .

A Dissertation De Cometis , and other Works .

Io. Iac. * * Iacobum Grynaeum Simonis illius magni gentilem , aliquoties . Sleidani hi storias publicè praelegentem audivit , ad quas ille multa singularia & citu digna , quae Sleidanum fugerant , ex familiari , quam in aulis principum Germaniae habuerat , notitia hausta addebat , & elegantissime explicabat . Th●an . De vita sua Comment. l. 4. Grynaeus .

He hath expounded severall parts of Scripture , and published two Books of select Epistles , with other Works . Epistolae selectae plenae gravissimarum rerum lectuque dignissimae . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita .

He said Erasmus did more hurt the Pope of Rome , jocando , quam Lutherus stomachando .

He answered thus to Chytrans , Si non amplius in his terris te visurus sum : ibi tamen conveniemus , ubi Luthero cum Zuinglio optimè jam convenit . Melch. Ad. in ejus Vita .

● Rudolphus a a Hic annus ultimus fuit Ludovico Lavatero & Rodolpho Gualtero ambobus ● igurinis & illius Ecclesiae Pastoribus , & ille quidem Henrici Bullingeri gener multis editis scriptis etiam extra religionis controversias claruit ; hic Josiae Simleri socer , Homiliastes inter suos celeberimus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4 to l. 85. Gualtherus , a Poet and Divine . He was born at Zurick the chief City of the Helvetians , Anno 1518.

His son also of the same name was a Learned Divine .

There are extant his verses in imagines Doctorum nostri seculi virorum .

Rodolph . Gualterus the sonne hath written Homilies upon the lesser Prophets , and other Learned Works .

Baptista b b Ejus opera Alphonsus secundus Ferrari Dux usus est in scribendis Epistolis , in quo munere tantum valui● , ut etiam de eo elegantissimum librum , qui Secretarius inscribitur , edidit . Nulla fuit in Italia Paulo illustrior Academia , quae non summa ambitione ab eo expetierit , ut nomen suum ad ipsius Academiacorum numerum adscriberet . Iani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca . Vide plura ibid. Guarinus .

Stephanus Guichardus , Estienne Guichard a Learned French Linguist .

He hath written a French book entitled L' Harmonie Etymologique des Langues , an Etymologicall Harmony of Languages , in which he compares at least twelve Languages with the Hebrew , and excellently shews their originall and signification out of the Hebrew Language .

Franciscus c c Acris judicii vir , uti , & usus in publicis rebus administrandis . Possev . Biblioth. Sel. tomo 2 do l. 16. c. 41. Prudens peritusque scriptor , & qui tales , lectores suos facit , liber est & verax , ab affectibus immunis , si tamen ab odio , quod retegere mihi non semel videtur in Ducem Urbinatem . Sententias bonas utilesque inserit , sed parum a●trictas . Vitia duo propria hujus aevi non effugit , quod & justo longior est , & quod minutissima quaeque narret , parum ex lege aut dignitate Historiae . Sed nec orationes ejus satis vegetae mihi , aut castigatae , languent saepe , aut solute vagantur . Denique uno verbo , inter nostros , summus est Historicus : inter veteres , mediocris . Lips. not . ad 1. lib. Polit. Vide Thuan. Hist. tom. 4. l. 96. Guicciardinus .

He seems to be inferiour to none of the Ancients , for he excels in faith , diligence , prudence , and other vertues , and in the relation of things done , in discovering of Counsels , in noting the manners of men , in describing of persons , and in recounting Orations , he hath many things which are wanting in others who have written the History of those times .

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him ,

A Tito nullus , si quis mihi credat , in orbe Clarior hoc uno floruit Historiâ .

Melchior Guilandinus . Qui plura volet , consulat Guilandinum de Papyro , qui amplo commentario Plinium illustravit . Museum W●rmianum , l. 4. c. 12. Vide Thuan. Hist. tom. 4. l. 96.

Vir fuit sine dubio literatissimus , qui instar Gorgiae de qualibet re proposita , copiosè , atque disertè poterat disputare . Ca●tellanus de vitis Medicorum .

Iohannes d d Qui de Medicina veteri & nova tum cognoscenda , tum facienda , volumina duo varia & erudita scripsit , ubi Theophrastaea medicina accuratissime excutitur & examinatur . Neand. Geog. parte 1 ● . Guinterius Andernacus , a Learned Physitian .

His Works are mentioned by Castellanus De vitis Medicorum .

Gyldas e e Antiquissi . mus inter eos qui fide digni sunt , Brittanicarum ●erum scriptor . Antiq. Eccles. Britan. Gildas Cambri●● , poeta Britannus , eo tempore natus erat , quo maximè per universum mundum eloquentia Romana floruit . Coaetaneus erat Martiali , Flacco , Silio , Statio , Stellae , Juvenali , & id genus aliis : sed nec ipsis inferior judicatus . Vide Lil. Gyrald . in Poet. Histor. dial . 5. Bal●us de Script . Brita● . Cent. 1. . He wrote the Annals of the British Nation .

Lylius Gregorius Gyraldus . Vir solide d●ctus & in scribendo accuratus . Casaub. Not. ad Diog. Laert. l. ● .

Petrus Crinitus and he have both written of the Poets , but he farre better .

Longe hoc ( viz. Crinito ) doctior & diligentior . Voss. De Histor. Lat. lib. 3. part. 4. c. 1.

Cujus extat Historia dialogis decem perscripta de Poetis antiquis ; opus sicut magni ingenii , & judicii , sic ingentis doctrinae , atque industriae : ita ut exspectandum non Utriusque linguae & omnis politioris literaturae & antiquitatis , quam variis scriptis illustravit , longe peritissimus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 11. Vir omnis eruditae antiquitatis ac literatae doctrinae callentissimus , qui plerasque manuscriptas Bibliothecae Graecas in Italia excussit , è quorum lectione conscripsit libros illos suos eruditos , & varios de diis gentium ; opus admirandum , historiam veterum & recentiorum Poetarum , & ●aetera plu●ima exquisita singula . Neand. Geog. sit , ne quis deinceps hanc denuo provinciam suscipiat . Vossius De Poetis Latinis , cap. 7.

CHAP. IV. H

GEorge Hackw●ll Doctor of Divinity . A very Learned and Pious man .

There are these Works of his published :

An Apology of the Power of God in the Government of the world .

King Davids Vow for Reformation .

His Answer to Carrier .

And some Sermons .

Theodoricus Hackspanius , Professor of the Hebrew at Altdorph .

He hath put out

Quadriga Disputationum , and other Tracts .

Gualterus Haddonus , Walter Haddon , an Eloquent and Learned Doctor of the Civil Law .

There are published his Civili● Doctor , orator dulcis & facundus . Humphred . in vita Juelli .

Lucubrationes .

Poemata .

Oratio in Funere Mart. Buceri .

Responsio contra Hier. Osorium . Continuata per Jo. Foxum , l. 3

Hadrianus the Cardinall .

A man of profound Learning , as appeareth by what he hath written of the Fundamentals of Christian Religion .

There is a Book also of his published , De Sermone Latino & modis Latinè loquendi .

Thaddaeus Hagecius , ab Hayck Bohemus , Aulae Caesareae medicus , most skillfull Cujus in Mathematicis excellens cognitio , & judicium profundum , tum ex aliis ejus scriptis , tum inprimis ● Dialexi de Nova Stella omnibus in propatulo est . Ty●h . Brah. L. 2. De Cometia Anni 1577. c. 10. membrum secundum . in Physick , Philosophy and Astronomy .

Sunt sanè hi quatuor viri ( D. Thaddaeus Hagecius ab Hayck , M. Bartholomaeus Scultetus Gorliciensis , D. Andreas Nolthius ▪ Embecksensis , D. Nicolaus Winklerus , Halae Suevorum Physicus ) tum in aliis Doctrinarum generibus , tum praesertim in Mathematicis scientiis excellenter periti , quorum duo priores mihi ex facie noti sunt , & Amicitia diuturna conjunctissimi , Tych. Brah. De Cometa Anni 1577. l. 2. c. 10. membrum secundum .

Iohn Hales , a great Grecian , one who when he was young wrote Notes on Chrysostom , and is often honourably mentioned by Andrew Downes the Greek Professor of Cambridge .

He hath printed a Sermon concerning the abuse of obscure and difficult places of Scripture .

Ioseph Hall Bishop of Exceter , a Learned and pious man .

He hath written

Three Volumes of Contemplations on the Old and New Testament .

An Explication of all the hard Texts of Scripture .

And divers other Treatises .

Bertholdus Hallerus , a Learned Helvetian Divine . Natus anno 1492. Primus suasor & persuasor ●uit , Evangelicae doctrinae in patria suâ amplectendae , in quo negotio Hulricum Zwinglium simul collegam habuit . Boissardi Icones .

Dionysius Halycarnasseus , a grave Historian . Omnium Confessione , Scriptor , Gravissimus , & in Romanis Antiquitatibus pervestigandis , de scribendisque accuratissimus perhibetur . Whear . Method . leg . Hist. parte 1 ● Sect. 16. Vide plura ibid.

He lived under Augustus Caesar.

He hath written

De Rom. Antiq. Gr.

Praecepta Rhetorica .

Opuscula varia .

De Thycididis historia Iudicium .

Dr Henry Hammod , a Learned Divine , of Magdalene Colledge in Oxford .

He hath published severall Works .

Large Annotations on all the New Testament .

A practicall Catechism .

And divers other Works in English .

And a Latine Tract against Blondell , of Church-Government .

Thomas Harding .

A Doctor of Lovane , an English man , the Target of Popery in England , as he is styled by Peter du * * In his Antibarbarian , ch. 3. Moulin .

He wrote a Confutation of the Apology , and Replied severall times to Bishop Iewell .

Iohn Lord Harrington .

He was both Learned and pious , Mr Stock the Divine hath written his Life .

William Harvey Doctor of Physick .

Gassendus makes honouaable mention of his book De Circulatione Sanguinis . De vita Peireskii , l. 4. p. 323.

And other outlandish men mention him with great respect .

The Anatomicall part of Physick seems to be rising toward the Zenith of perfection , especially since our never sufficiently honoured Countryman Dr Harvey discovered the wonderfull secret of the blouds circular motion . Webst. Exam. Acad. c. 6.

Scientiam humani Corporis , Physicae partem utilissimam , in libris suis de motu Sanguinis , & de Generatione Animalium , mirabili sagacitate detexit & demonstravit . Gulielmus Harvaeus R. R. Iacobi Carolique medicus primarius ; solus ( quod sciam ) qui doctrinam novam superata invidiâ vivent stabilivit . Hob. Praefat. ad Elem. Philos. Sect. 1. De Corpore .

He hath put out

Exercitatio Anatomica , de motu Cordis & Sanguinis , in animalibus .

D. Haymo , a Monk of Fulda , Anno Dom ▪ ●40 . One of the learnedest of his 814. Helv. Chro● . Vir in divinis Scripturis eruditissimus & in secularibus literis nulli suo tempore secundus , ingenio acutus , sermone disertus , vita & conversatione devotus , in declamandi● ad populum Omeliis celeberrimae industriae fuit . Trithem . Catal. Illust. Vir. time .

He hath written upon all the Scriptures , De varietate Librorum , and other things besides .

Casparus Hedio .

He was a most faithfull and diligent Pastor of the Church of Argentine for 23 years , and a good Historian .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

Alexander Hegius . Primus Graecas in Belgio litteras excitavit , exemplo Rod. A. gricolae , praeceptoris sui , qui Germaniae easdem restiturrat . Valeri Andr●ae Bibliotheca Belgica . Erasmus XIV . anno●um adolescens , sub Hegio praeceptore , studia literarum Daventriae colebat . Cum autem Rudolphus Agricola in Hegii Scholam venisset , & Hegi●● ei aliquot adolescentum scripta monstrasse● : his consideratis , cum Brasmicum caeteris anteferre● videre adolescentem voluit . Accersitus é sua clas●e Erasmus adolescens ad Hegium accedit . Ibi Rodol ▪ phus arreptum Capillo in vertice taci●us intuetur , & quasi considerata indole ex lineamentis , adiecit hanc vocem , Tu ●ris mag●●● . Chytraeus Orat. de Westphalis . Vit. Profes . Gron. in Rodolph . Agric.

Erasmus was his Scholar .

He first brought the Greek learning into the Low-Countries , as Rudolphus Agricola did restore it to Germany .

Daniel Heinsius . Gandavi nascitur anno M. D. LXXXII . Incredibiie quanto amore illum prosecutus fuerit Ioseph●● Scaliger , Ianus Dousa , aliique viri doctissimi . Naturâ ipsa instructus ad Poeticam facultat●m , patrio etiam rythmo excellit , ut paucis agam . Quaecunque ab eo profecta sunt limam sapiunt politiorem : Phrasis tersa & elaborata : Conceptus sublimes : ita ut cum illis prisci sermonis scriptoribus certare velle videatur . Swertii Athe●● Belg. Cum versus Graecos tuos lego , Homerum non Heinsium puto me legere : Cum Latinos Ovidium , aut Propertium . Casaub. Epist. 52. Tam severiorum quam amaeniorum litterarum ●ol . S●ld Prae●at . ad lib. De Dis Syris .

Publick Professor of History at Leyden , Secretary and Bibliothecary of the same University ; appointed to be Notary in the Synod of Dort .

He hath published Exercitations upon the New Testament , and many Philologicall Works .

Heliodorus , a most eloquent and sweet Greek Writer , whose ten Books of the Magna semper infamia flagravit Heliodorus Episcopus , qui praeelegit Episcopatu abire , quam libros suos amatorios perdere , ut scribit Nicephorus l. 12. c. 34. Raynaudi Erotem . de malis ac bonis Libris , partit . 1. Erotem 7. Ethiopick History in Greek being snatcht out of the fire of the Library of Buda ( Buda being burnt by Soliman ) were Printed at Basill .

Christ . Helvicus .

His Chronology of the last edition is much commended , as most compleat and very usefull for any sacred or prophane Story .

There are also other Works of his ,

De Chaldaicis Bibliorum Paraphrasibus .

Lexicon . Heb. diaacticum .

Vindicatio locorum V. Testamenti à corruptelis Pontificiorum .

Tr. Historicus & Theologicus .

De Chaldaicis Bibliorum phrasibus .

De Carminibus atque Dialectis Graecorum .

Hieronymus Henninges , a godly and Learned Divine . Vir praestans pietate , doctrin● , cognitione rerum ▪ sacrarum & historiarum , aetatum , temporum atque gentium omnium . N●a●d . Geog. parte 1 ● .

He hath put out Theatrum Genealogicum in 4 Volumes .

Which Work Neander styles Opus rarum , egregium , spissum atque stupendum , and shews the heads of every Tome .

Henry the first of that Name for his knowledge and science in the seven liberall Arts , was sirnamed Clerk or B●●● Clerk . After the Conquest King Henry the first the Conquerors fonne , a man excellently Learned , because he abolished such customs of Normandy as his father added to our Common Laws , is said to have restored the ancient Laws of England . Sir Edw. Cooks Pref. to his 3d d Rep.

Henry the * * He wrote some things with his own hand on Austen de Civit. Dei . In tanto numero adversariorum Lutheri , Britanniae Rex , Henricus octavus , illum ● etiam oppugnat , & primò quidem Judicium illius de indulgentiis convellit & pontificatum defendit : post omnem illam disputationem de Sacramentis Ecclesiae reprehendit , sumpto scribendi argumento ex libro de captivitate Babylonica . Lutherus , ubi cognovit , acerrimè respondet , in c●usque causae , defensione , nullius hominis dignitatem aut splendorem quicquam apud se valere , demonstrat . Leo Pontifex honorificum regi cognomen idcirco tribuit , defensorem appellans Ecclesiae . Sleid ▪ De Statu Relig. & Reipub. Comment. l. 3. Vide Vossii Epist ▪ ad Artem Grammat . Prodiit libellus ille , ad eo provectioris aetatis , & exercitato aliquo Theologo dignior quam adolescente Rege ( cui quanquam marimè voluerit , non licuerit tamen in liretarum studio aetatem terere ) ut alii Thomae Mori , alii Fisheri Ros●ensis , plurimi verò alterius alicujus summi viri opus id fuifle haud sine causa suspicarentur . Ut ut fuerit , edito libello sic respondit Lutherus , ut multi sanè , qui sanctum hominis Zelum laudarent , modestiam tamen Spiritu● sancto dignam , in ●● haud immerito desideratent , regiaeque dignitatis magis reverentem Scultet . Annal , Dec. 1. Henricus octavus princeps omnibus naturae donis cumulatissimus , & in quo , si in voluptates solutior non fuisset , nihil merito desiderare posses : nam post divortium , nisi quod Pontificiam autoritatem execratus , se caput Ecclesiae constituit , nihil in Religione mutauit , & Episcopos ferè bonos & doctos totis illis XIII . annis , quibus ab R. E. se separavit in regno ordinavit , doctorum & literatorum fautor eximius , ingravescente demum aetate multi succi ab domine adeo gravis & iners evaserat , sanguine in pinguedinem verso , ut vix posset per ostia ingredi , ac neque scalas posset conscendere , sed in Cathedra positus machinis in superiora aedium subve●eretur , tandem vehementi febre correptus propter inflammationem virulenti in crure herpetis , cum LVII aetatis annum ageret , & 37 annos , LX menses , VI di●● regnasse● , è vita do migravit . Thuan. Hist. Tom. ● . l. 3. 8th .

He set forth a book entitled , A necessary Doctrine and erudition for any Christian man .

See a commendation of his Learning and Severity , Eras. Epist. l. 6. Epist. 12. to him . Of his Learning also in Epistola Thom● Mori ad Academ . Oxon.

Amongst the most famous Contradictors , which the Doctrine of Luther found , was Henry the 8th King of England , who not being born the Kings eldest son , had been destinate by his Father to be Archbishop of Canterbury , and therefore in his youth was made to study : But the eldest being dead , and after him the father also , he succeeded in the Kingdom . Esteeming it a great honour to imploy himself in so famous a Controversie of Learning , he wrote a Book of the seven Sacraments , defending also the Popedom , and oppugning the Doctrine of Luther : a thing so gratefull to the Pope , that having received the Kings book , he honoured him with the title of Defender of the Faith .

But Martin suffered not himself to be scared with that most illustrious glittering name of a King , but answered his Majesty with as much acrimony , vehemency , and as small respect , as he had answered the petty Doctors . The Hist ▪ of the Councell of Trent , l. 1. p. 16.

He drew many Learned men into England .

Desiderius Heraldus , a Learned Frenchman .

He hath written a Comment on Martiall .

Animadvers . in Salmas .

Observat ▪ ad Ius Atticum & Romanum , and other Learned Works .

Herbert Lord of Cherbury .

He hath published a Book De Veritate & Causis Errorum , and hath written the Life of K. Henry the 8th in English .

Hermes Trismegistus , the most ancient Doctor of the Egyptians . Suidas Trismegistum , sic appellatum tradit , quia de Trinitate quodam divini spiritus instinctu , locutus sit . Dicki●so●● Delphi Phaeniciz .

He hath written

De Lapidis Philosophici secreto , and other Miscellanies .

Conradus Herebachius * * Dispeream si quicquam adhuc vidi illo juvene absolutius , sive spect●● utriusque linguae peritiam , sive foelicitatem ingenii , sive morum comitatem integritati parem . Eras. Epist. l. 28. Epist. 18. In Germania proxima Couradus Heresbachius vir dignitate & doctrina praestans in majorum suorum Heresbachiano Castro in Clivensiditione natus , hoc anno in suo Lorinsulano pridie id . Octobr. ad Deum migravit , cum LXVII ▪ annum exegisset . Commentarium in Psalmos eruditissimum edidit , & de re rustica in illo otio post alios scripsit , non minus morum suavitate de suis quam eruditione de republica bene meritus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 62. , Anno 1●08 . a Learned Papist .

He was a compleat Scholar , skilfull in many Languages , the Latine , Greak , Hebrew , Italian , French , Dutch. His friends were the Learned men of that time , Erasmus , Sturmius , and others .

He hath written a most Learned Commentary on the Psalmes , de re Rustica .

He put out two Books De institutione principis deque Republica Christiana administranda : Lexicon Graeco Latinum locupletavit .

Hermannus Contractus , a Germane , Anno 1032. 1058 say some .

He was descended of a Noble Count of Swedland , and was crooked and lame Cum is omnibus membris contractus esset , ut hinc inde tantum de portaretur ( unde etiam suum cognomen acquisivit ) parentes eum in monasterio S. Galli colloca●unt . Erat trium linguarum ▪ Graecae , Arabicae & Latinae per●issimus , praeterea Theologus , Philosophus , Astronomus , Rhetor & Poeta nulli ▪ suo tempore secundus , scripsit itaque carmine & prosa multa praeclara volumina . Pantaleon de Vir. Illust ▪ Germ. from his infancy , which gave him the surname of Contractus . He spake Latine , Greek and Hebrew as his naturall Language .

He published all his Works with his contracted and paralytick hands . Membris planè erat contractis , unde & Contracti nom●n accepit , & fortasse ea propter monachus factus fuit . Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 2. c. 44.

He was the inventer of the Astro●abe .

Hermogenes ▪ He was of Tarsus in Asia minor . Being scarce 18 years old he wrote the Art of Rhetorick in six books , but when he was old he forgat Learning ▪ Thence they spake of him jestingly , that he was old in his childhood , and a childe in his old age . Nam mihi● vere persuadeo , Graecum virum Herodianum : qu●m ipse nuper Civitate Romana donasti : si in mille volumina diligenter impressus : transcriptusque ad manus literatissimorum hominum semel referatis carceribus pervenerit : de eo singulorum judicio expectationique satisfacturum : ut in eo libello nihil nisi ●a●didum , nisi sublime , nisi luculentum : atque omni ex parte perfectissimum conti●eri omnes ingenue fateantur . Polit. Epist. l. 6. Epist. 6. Vide l. 8. Epist. Epist. 1.

He●edian , an eloquent and faithfull ( yet free ) Historian .

He wrote 8 books of Histories .

Stylus ▪ Photio teste , est elegans , perspicuus , ac talis planè ; ut vix historicorum ulli ulla virtute cedat . Veritati etiam studuit nisi quod fides ejus mutat in Alexandro & Maximino . Voss. de Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 15.

Herodotus . Herodotus Graecus , ●e quid omisi●●e videretur , omnia sine delectu congessit , quorumque pleraque non ab antiquis scriptis , sed à vulgi fabulis accepit . Qui quanquam oratione concinnus sit atque elegans , eorum tamen qui sanè & incorruptè judicant avertit ●b illa tam coacervata & referta narrationum multitudine fidem . Et quanquam à quibusdam quod videtur affectasse historiae pater dicatur , ab aliis tamen fabularum pater meritò dictus est . Praefat. ad Antiquit ▪ Eccles. Historiam multi scripsere praeclarè , sed nemo dubitat duos longe caeteris praeferendos , quorum diverla virtus laudem pene est parem consecuta . Densus & brevis & semper instans sibi Thucidides : dulcis & candidus , & fusus Herodotus : ille concitatis , hic remissis affectibus melior : ille concionibus , hic sermonibus , ille vi , hic voluptate . Quintil. Instit. Orat. l. 10. c. 1. Displiceant huic rosae , & balsama , cui non placet Herodotus , Hortus est ejus historia variis arboribus consitus , innumerisque florum distinctus areolis , ex quo aeterni spirant odores . Srilu● certe is est , qui non nisi ab imperitis aut malevolis reprehendi possit . Totus est dulcis , candidus , fusus , sine illis salebris quasi sedatus : amnis fluens . Caussen . Eloq . Sac. & Human. Paralel . l. 1. c. 14.

Although he relates stories that may seem fabulous , yet the whole body of his History is composed with singular fidelity and a diligent desire of truth , but he often prefaceth concerning other narrations , that he rehearseth them not because he thinks them to be true , but as he hath received them from others .

Hic pater historiae mendacia plurima finxit , Quippe suam Musis dedicat histori●m . Steph. Paschas . Icon.

Hesiod ▪ 37 annis Hesiodus artis suae specimina publicè edidit ante Homerum , Seldem . Floruit ante Christum 944. Marm. Arund .

It is an ancient aud famous question of the age of Homer and Hesiod , and whether was ancienter . Accius the Poet , and Ephorus the Historian , make Hesiod Homerus ante Christum 907. Seldeni Marm. Arundel . Vide plura ibid. the first . Vide Agellium l. 3. c. 11.

Iohn * * Professor Lovaniensis , quem Rex Hispan . Philippus misit ad Concilium Tridentinum . Gerh. Confess . Cathol. l. 2. c. 5. Art. 2. Hessels , he hath put out severall Works mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue .

William Landgrave of Hessen was the first Protestant Prince in Germany .

He died of a burning Fever 1637.

Many of the Landgraves of Hessen were Learned men .

Helius Ebanus Hessus . He was born in the year 1488. Vide Eras. Ep. l. 30. Epist. 6. Non injuria sui saeculi Poetarum princeps & Rex nuncupatus fuit . Is multis praeclaris ingenii sui elaboratis monumentis in quibus veluti gemma preciosissima eminet opus illud Psalmorum Davidicorum vere sacro sanctum , quo vel uno opere singularem sibi spem & fiduciam divinae gratiae atque benevolentiae comparavit , posteris verò admirationem sui & ca●itatem reliquit fragrantem ▪ Boissardi Icones .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

Hesychius Grammaticus , Anno Dom. 400.

The most Learned a a Gloss●grapho●um longè princeps . Casaub . in Athen. Grammaticorum Alpha Montac . Orig. Eccles. Tom. 1. parte posteriore . Omnium veterum criticorum , quos habemus hodiè , longe si quid judico doctissimus , & serio Graeca●●ibus apprime utilis . Casaub. Epist. 49. Ex nuda indicis percursione structorem vocabularii illius ( rem nondum omnibus creditam ) patebit Christianum fuisse . Quis enim ( ut novi Foederis tot 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 mittam ) Evangelistas , Apostolos , Prophetas , Prophetarum expositores , à vera fide alienus suo operi inseruisset . Pric●us praefat. ad Ind. Alphab ▪ Scriptorum qui in Hesych . Graec. vocab . laudantur . Gregorii Nazianzeni auditor & discipulus Hesychius , vit in divinis Scripturis multum versatus , & Hierosolymitanae Ecclesiae Presbyter . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 5. Vide Suidam . Glossary but corruptly printed .

He was a Christian ( though some seem to question it ) as Casaubone on Athenaeus , Henry Stevens and Dr Price shew .

Learned Dr Langbane in his Notes on Longinus , styles Eustathius , Hesychius , and Pollux , Literaturae Graecae Triumviri .

Ioannes Heurnius .

He was intimately familiar with the most famous men of that age , Ianus Dousa , Primus in Academia Leydensi propriâ manu anatomiam administravit , efflagitantibus id studiosis cum insolens hoc exercitium patriae eo tempore esset . Melch. Adam in vita Heurnii . Franciscus Iunius , Lucas Trelcatius , Hugo Donellus , Everard Br●h●rst , Ioseph Scaliger , Iustus Lipsius , Francis Raphelengius , and others .

His Works either published by himself or his son , are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life .

CHAP. V.

HIeronymus , Anno Aerae Christi 375. Helv. Chron. 390. say others . He was born at Sriden in Hungary . Latinos , Graecos , Hebraeos , Chaldaeos scriptores plures evolvit , accuratius excussit , quam eorum qui post eum quisquam , nempe homo summa industria praeditus , indefatigabili studio & longa vita usus . Lud. V. v. de Caus. Corrupt . art. l. 2. Quem unum habet Ecclesiasticus orbis utraque doctrina sacra & gentili ut vocant juxta absolutum . Eras. Epist. l. 9. Epist. 15. Quamvis non defuerit temporibus nostris presbyter Hieronymus homo doctissimus , & omnium trium linguarum petitus , qui non ex Graeco , sed ex Hebraeo in Latinum eloquium e●sdem scripturas converterit . August . de Civit. Dei l. 18. c. 43. Flagrat jam olim mihi incredibili ardore animus Hieronymianas Epistolas Commentariis illustrandi . Et nescio quis Deus mihi pectus accendit agitque ut rem tantam , & à nullo hactenus tenta●am , audeam animo concipere . Movet me viri caelestis & omnium Christianorum sine controversia longè tum doctissimi tum facundissimi pietas : cujus scripta cum digna sint quae ab omnibus passim legantur & ediscantur , vix pauci legunt , pauciores mirantur , paucissimi intelligunt . Eras. Epist. l. 5. Epist. 1● .

He matched any of his time in Learning in the Tongues , skill of humanity , and knowledge in holy Scripture , yet was that time so plentifull of Learned men , as almost no time since .

Linguarum , Historiarum , & locorum situs peritissimus vir . Ful. Miscel. l. 2. c. 8. Vide c. 11. & 15.

He was mainly taken with Origen , so that he called him by way of praising him , Suum , his own .

His Epistles are approved of in Italy , France , Spain , all Germany and Africk : he was honoured and sought to farre and near by Bishops , by Noble Matrons , by great Rulers , many great personages came farre , having seen his Works , to see the Author . He had excellent skill in the Hebrew , which he got of a Jew Barhanin-a● , as Erasmus relates in his Life .

Vir perfecto omnium doctrinarum genere praeditus , Hebraeam praeterea linguam , Syram , Chaldaicam , Graecam , & Latinam callens . Ang. Roch. Bibl. Vatic .

He was over-sharp and vehement in his Epistles with Austen and with others in his Controversall Writings .

Ut ubique vehemens , ita in Eristico contradicendi genere parum interdum attendendus . Montac . Appar . 9.

Omnium Traditionum Curiosissimus explorator . Id.

Hilarius Pictaviensis Antistes , Bishop of Poictou in France . Anno Aerae Christi 351. Calv. Chron. Hilarius Latinorum primus eloquentiae suae gladium strinxit in Arianos ea quoque res illi plurimum famae conciliarit , praecipuè quòd res esset cum hoste nobili . Nam non dubito , quin apud Graecos ; praeter Athanasium plures idem fe●●rint . Lras . Epist. l. 28. Epist. 8. Vide plura ibid.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him ,

Et nos exhilaras , Hilari sanctissime Praesul , Et monitis victa est Arria secta tuîs.

Hilarius Arelatensis Episcopus .

He lived in the time of Pope Leo about the year 458.

Hildefonsus * * Vir in divinis Scripturis eruditissimus , & saecularis quoque litteraturae non ignarus metro excellens & prosa ; ingenio subtilis , sermone disertus , & super omnes sui temporis facundus , eloquens . Trithem . Toletanae sedis Episcopus .

There are Opuscula varia of his .

Arthur Hildersam , a Learned and Judicious Divine ; who quotes Scripture Texts pertinently .

His Comment on the 51 Psalm , and his Lectures on the 4th of Iohn , and other Works are excellent Treatises .

Hincmarus , Anno Dom. 850. Fuit Archiepiscopus Remensis , vir doctus & pietatis studiosus sub Carolo secundo Ludovici pii filio circa 870. Domini annum : tametsi & magni Caroli tempora adolescens attige●it . Is dum corrigere vitia morbosque Clericorum conatus est , multum molestiarum à perditae vitae Clero , eorumque ad Papam apellationibus , imò & à Papis : ipsis sustinuit . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 9.

There are his Opuscula & Epistolae .

Admonitio de potestate Regia & Pontificia .

Hipparchus , a great Astronomer . Ptolomaeus Hipparchi mentionem ferè nullam facit , sine aliquo novo laudis titulo . Rami Schol. Mathem . lib. 1. Qui occasionem è nova quadam suo aevo conspecta Stella ( referente Plinio ) nactus , omnium aliorum loca , quae visui discretè occurrerent , studio quam maximo designavit . Tych. Brah. De Nova Stella . l 1. Qui omnium Sidorum octavae Sphaerae loca , usque ad minimas sextae magnitudinis , imò & nebulosas , in normam expandere sustinuit , ut de eo loquitur Plinius . Tych. Brah. ibid. Hyparchus Bythinus , Plinio nunquam satis Laudatus , qui annumerare posteris stellas est ausus ac sydera ad normam expangere , organis excogitatis , per quae singularum loca atque magnitudines signaret . Plin. lib. 2 , cap. 26. R. Episc. Usser . Annal. pars posterior .

He lived about 125 years before Christ was born .

Pliny much commends him in the 2 d Book of his Naturall History , c. 26.

There are his Enarrationes Gr. Lat. Ad Arati & Eudoxi Phaenomena .

Hippocrates . Verus medendi dictator habitus semper , hujus scripta tanquam oracula , & non humanae linguae verba , tota amplectitur antiquitas tanquam ducem & auctorem omnium disciplinarum . In hoc , verborum pressa proprietas , sententiarum concisa subtilitas , sermonis veneranda antiquitas , artificii commendabilis dignitas : in cujus scriptis nihil superfluum , ociosum nihil ; sed arguta brevitate rotunda omnia , & significantia , ita ut ubertas & amplitudo rerum verborum numerum longe vincat . Heurn . Dissertat . de Stud. Medicinae .

He was the first that wrote Methodically the Art of Physick , all Greece admiring him because of his knowledge .

His Works are in Greek and Latine in two Volumes .

His Aphorisms are much esteemed and quoted by Physitians .

Hippolytus . Episcopus Portuensis & Martyr , Clementis Alexandrini discipulus , sub Alexandro Severo Martyrio coronatus . Gerhardi Patrologia .

He hath written some Homilies , and De Consummatione mundi , de Antichristo , & secundo adventu Christi . Quantum & hoc praesens , & futura saecula , tot bonis auctoribus , quos edidisti , demerearis , scriberem tibi , nisi scirem te hoc non facturum , nisi intelligeres , quantum eo ipso literas juves , quae per negligentiam quotidie pereunt . Ios. Scalig. Epist. l , 4. Epist. 389. Vide Epist. 383.

David Hoeschelius , a very Learned man , to whom we owe many good books .

Rob. Holcot , an English man , a Learned Dominican Monk , Vixit is monachus doctissimus ante annos crecentos . Vossius de Vitiis Setmonis , l. 4. c. 16.

He hath written

On the Proverbs .

Questions and Speeches upon the Sentences .

De imputabilitate peccati quomodo longa .

Determinations of other Questions .

Iacobus * * Medicus omnibus numeris absolutus , sive perfectam artis cognitionem spectes , sive in morbis curandis usum & solertiam . Scav. Samarth . Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. Hollerius .

Magni illius Hollerii dignissimus filius . Jacobi Augusti Thuani De vita sua . l. 1.

He hath written

De morbis internis , Observat. ad Consilia curandi .

Lucas Holstenius , a Learned Papist . Hamburgensis , eruditorum ocellus . Gassend . de Vita Peireskii . lib. 4.

Franciscus * * Qui litteris egregiè instructus , cum juri civili operam Aureliani dedisser , ob religionis causam patriâ profugus , Lausanae primum docuit . Juventuti in jure dicendo assiduam operam longo tempore navavit , ●ost quem patriam omnino deseruit . Thuan. Hist. tomo 5 to l. 99. Erat omnino ille vir habili & saecundo ingenio , variaque eruditione , ac potissimum eximla quadam in Romanorum jure illustrando facundia conspicuus . Scaev. Samarth . Gallorum doctrina illustrium Elogia . Hottomannus , a Learned Lawyer , well skilled in History and all Antiquity , Anno 1590. and a Protestant .

Divers of his Works published Concerning the Law , and other things , for the illustration of Antiquity and politer Learning , are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

Homer . Seven Cities contended about his birth . Inscripsit libros de rebus ad Ilium gestis Iliades . Voss. de Annal. ● 2. c. 28. Clarissimum deinde Homeri illuxit ingenium , sine exemplo maximum : qui magnitudine operum & fulgore ca●minum solus appellari Poeta meruit , in quo hoc maximum est , quod neque ante illum quem ille imitaretur , neque post illum qui eum imitari posse● , inventus est : neque quenquam alium , cujus operis primus auctor fuerit , in eo perfectissimum , praeter Homerum , & Archilocum reperiemus . Paterc . Hist. l. 1. Homerus putatur vixisse annis circiter centum & quinquaginta post bellum Trojanem . Incidit ejus aetas in tempora Esaioe Prophetae . Hesiodus existimatur vixisse centum annis post Homerum . Pezel . Mellif . Histor. parte 2 da c. 1. p. 97. Vide Seldeni Marmora Arund . Hunc nemo in magnis sublimitate , in parvis proprietate superaverit . Idem laetus ac pressus , jucundis & gravis , tum copia , tum brevitate mirabilis : nec poetica modo , sed oratoris virtute eminentissimus . Quintil. Institut. Orat. l. 10. c. 1. Ortus plenioris eloquentiae fiquis rectè repetat , est ab Homero . Nempe hic orator & planè or●tor à Marco Tullio , ab Hermogene Rhetorum praestantissimus , à caeteris uno omnium consensu magister eloquentiae agnoscitur . Caus. Eloq . Sac. & Humani Parallel . l. 1. c. 10. Primus omnium pater elegantiarum Homerus . Casaub. in Athen. l. 9. c. 8. Qui omnis ●ruditionis fons & norma semper est habitus . Casaub. De Rom. Sat. l. 2.

Leo Allatius hath written a book de Patria Homeri .

Homers Poetry is twofold , his Iliades and Odysses . In the Iliades he represents the strength of his body , in his Odysses that of his minde , both is described in an Heroick verse , the most absolute of all Meeters .

Amongst all Homers verses his Iliades and Odysses are especially celebrated , in which the light of all Philosophy , Oratory and Poetry is seen . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Hist. l. 2.

Est perfecto regium quid Homeri poesis , & praesertim Ilias , & paraemia quidem ait malorum Ilias , haec vero omnis boni Ilias . Possev . Biblioth. Select . Tomo 2 do , l. 17. c. 10.

Homer and Virgill , the two Poets that have been the admiration of all ages , which have afforded men of judgement .

Philosophers and others ascribed little less then Divine authority to Homer .

Alexander the Great put Homers Iliades in a curious Casket which he took from Darius , and laid it still under his pillow when he slept .

Homero vati haec est propria , peculiarisque tribuenda laus , quod neque , ipse de patria sua quicquam prodidit , & pleraeque illum nobilissimae civitates suum quaeque fuisse alumnum contendunt . Polit Orat. in Exposit. Hom. Vide plura ibid.

Alcibiades the Athenian coming into a School , commanded them to bring him Homers book , when they answered they had him not , he struck the Master and went away , counting it an unworthy thing for a Schoolmaster to be without Homer .

Festus Hommius . Defuncto Arminio , cum Pastores aliquot , ejus discipuli , novos quosdam Articulos IHust . Hollandiae & Westfrisiae ordinibus , insciis Ecclesiis , per Remonstrantiam uti vocant ( unde Remonstrantes deinceps sunt vocati ) obtulissent simulque allaborarent , ut iisdem Ecclesiis publica autoritate obtruderentur , Festus Hommius huic istarum conatui se cum aliis Ecclesiatum Deputatis cordate opposuit . Meursi Athen. Batav . l. 2.

He was in the Synod of Dort , and opposed the Arminians .

There is his Specimen controver siarum Belgicarum .

And his Disputationes Theologicae .

Petrus Cornelius a a In praeclaro , nec intermorituro , Annalium Belgicorum opere : in quo ambigas , magisne ames veri amorem , an eximiam mirere prudentiam , an purissimam lectissimi sermonis patrii castimoniam . Vossius de Vitiis Sermonis l. 3. c. 34. Hoofduis , a Learned Dutch Knight .

Richard Hooker .

For his solid Writings he was sirnamed the Iudicious , and entitled Theologorum Oxonium .

He hath published a Learned Book Of the Laws of Ecclesiasticall Polity , written in Defence of the Government then established , against the new desired Discipline .

Iohn Hooper , the Learned and godly Bishop of Glocester and Worcester , and Martyr .

These are his Works ,

His Answer to my L. of Winchesters book , entituled , A Detection of the devils Sophistry wherewith he robbeth the unlearned people of the true Belief in the Sacrament of the Altar .

Confession of the Christian Faith .

Declaration of the 10 Commandments .

Sermons on Ionas .

And other Tracts mentioned by Maunsell in his Catalogue .

Ioacbimus Hopperus . Natus est Anno 1523. Suffridus Per. De Script . Fris. and Aubertus Miraeus in his Elogia Belgica much extoll him . Hopperorum familia , tum in Angl. tum in Schot . propagata in hunc usque diem durat : ex qua memoria nostra fuit ille Vigorniensis & Glocestrensis Episcopus Ioannes Hopperus , de quo multa Scriptores Anglici . Suffrid . Pet. De Scriptoribus Frisiae . Ejusdem familiae vestigia reperiuntur in Germania superiore unde & Marcus Hopperus Basileonsis originem duxisse videtur . Id. ibid.

He hath written divers Works .

Paraphrasis in Psalmos .

De usu Psalmorum .

De vera Iurisprudentia

Isagoge in Iurisprudentiam .

De Iuris Arte.

Dispositio Lib. Pandectarum .

More of his Works are mentioned by Suffridus Petrus De Scriptoribus Frifi● .

Horatius Flaccus . an ingenious Poet. Horatius est omnium Latinorum Graecorumque poetarum elaboratissimus . Scalig. Hypercrit . c. 1. Lyricorum Horatius ferè solus legi dignus . Nam & infurgit aliquando , & plenus est jucunditatis & grat●ae ▪ & variis figuris & verbis felicissimè audax . Quintlli Institur . Orat. l. 10. c. 1. Quis enim , qui de poetis modo judicare aliquid possit , uni inter Latinos omnes Herati● , v●● acumine ingenii , vel sententiarum gravitate , palmam non tribuit ? Manu● . Epist. l. 6. Epist. 7.

Qui unus plura Criticorum judiciò , quam caeteri omnes innovavit . Dilher . Disputat . Acad. Tom. 1.

Robert * * Robertus Hor●●s Anglus , composuit Anglico sermone Apologiam Christianam l. 1. De missae abominatione l. 1. Transtulit in linguam vernaculam quasdam homilias Calvini . Ges● . Biblioth . Horne , sometime Bishop of Winchester .

Et bene sonantem Hornum . Dr Humph.

There is his Answer to Fecknam .

Conradus Hornaeus Lutheranus . Vedelius terms him Virum doctissimum , and commends his book De processu disputandi .

Lambertus Hortensius . Aubertus Miraeus mentions him honourably in his Elogia Belgica .

Divers of his Works are published .

De Anabaptistis , De Bello Germanico , Explanationes in Lucanum , in Virgilii Aeneida , Dissertatio de Trajecto & Epistolis , Rerum Ultrajectinarum .

Stanislaus Hosius .

He was imployed by three Emperours successively , Charles the 5th , his Brother Polonus Cardinalis , ingenii sua eximia monumenta reliquit , bis & trigesies ipso vivente , variis locis excusa , & ex Latina in Gallicam , Germanicam , Polonam , Scoticam , Anglicam , Armenicamque linguam translata . Nomenclat . Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalium . Stanislaus Osius Episcopus Varmiensis Cardinalis , vir doctissimus & ut in Deum sic in patriam praecipua pietate insignis . Thuan. Hist. Tom 3. lib. 57. Vide etiam lib. 68. Ferdinand , and Maximilian the sonne of Ferdinand . He was President in the Councell of Trent .

All his Works are in one Volume .

Rod. Hospinianus .

He hath written

De Festis Iudaeorum & Ethnicorum .

De Templis .

De Monachis .

Michael Hospitalius .

Unicum aevi nostri decus . Grot. Pr●fat . ad Poem . Chancellour of France under Cùm ipsum Galliae Cancellarium virum amplissimum Michaelem Hospitalium hoc tantùm nomine , quòd hujusmodi conciliis nefariis adversaretur , ex au●● removerint , atque uti captivum habuerint Historiola de Lani●na Gallica . Vide Thuan. tom. 3. l. 56. Charles the 9th , but removed from the Court and made a prisoner as it were , only because he opposed those wicked counsels against the Protestants in the Massacre at Paris .

Beza mentions him in his Icones Virorum illustrium .

There are these of his Works published ,

Six Books of Epistles in Latine verse .

De Caleto expugnato .

Epistola & carmen , cum aliis .

In the Preface to his Epistle one saith , it appeared by a most ancient Coin , that he much resembled Aristotle . Summum illum omnium Philosophorum principem Aristotelem sic ore toto retulit , ut alterius ex altero imago expressa videri posset .

Io. Howson , Bishop of Oxford , a Learned man . He hath written De Divortiis , and Sermons .

Rogerius de Hoveden , a famous Historian , who flourished about the year 1190. Hic mihi , non placet Rogerius Hoveaenus , vir alioqui laudandus , qui scrinia Simeonis , suppresso ejus nomine strenuè compilavit , & aliena pro suis gloriae avidu●us , supposuit . Le●a●di Comment. In Cygn . Cant. He wrote two Books of Annals .

Robert Hues .

He hath written well of the Celestiall and Terrestiall Globes and their use .

Hermannus * * Natione Belga patria Bruxellensis , v●vido ingenio , Canendi & scribendi arte ac laude praestans Humanioribus litteris eximiam adjunxit Philosophiae ac Theologiae peritiam , Flandricâ , Italicâ , Hispanicâ , Germanicâ , Gallicâ , lingua velut materna utebat●● . Alegambe . Hugo .

He hath written a good Book de Origine scribendi & rei literariae antiquitate .

Hugo * * Hugo Cardinalis Anno Aerae Christianae 1212. Helv. Chron. Vir omni probitate ornatus , ac doctissimus , qui universam Scripturam sacram quaddrupiici sensu explanavit , & in Psalmos luculentissimum edidit Commentarium , Bibliorumque judicem , quem Concordantias vocant , laboriosissimum sane , & immensi taedii , ac temporis opus , sacrarumque litterarum studiosis magnopere necessarium , primus excogitasse , excogitatumque promulgasse perhibetur . Ang. Roc. Bib●●oth . Vat. Cardinal , a Dominican .

He hath written learnedly on all the Scripture .

Antonius Hulsius , a learned man .

He hath put out .

Theologia Iudaica , and Notes on the Psalms in Latine .

Humbertus a a Cardinalis Episcopus Sylvae candidae ; à Leone nono Legatus Constantinopolin missu● , vir sui saeculi longe doctissimus . Vixit anno Domini 1054. ante annos sexcentos . Dallaeus De Pseudepig . Apost. lib. 1. cap. 1. Episcopus .

Whom Leo the 9th made Cardinal for the rare Learning and vertue which was in him , and sent him to Constantinople to suppresse the andaciousnesse of another Leo Bishop of the Bulgarians .

Laurentius Humphredus . Patria Buchingamius , ad meliores literas , & praecipuarum linguarum cognitionem vir natus , parentum industria ad Oxonium translatus fuit , hoc nomine ne ejus ingenii foelicitas inculta torpesceret . E Graeco in Latinum transtulit , Originem de recta fide , contra Marcionistas : sunt enim tres Dialogi . Balcus de Script . Brit. Cent. 9.

Laurence Humfrey Doctor of Divinity and President of Magdalen Colledge in Oxford , a learned and pious man .

He hath written Bishop Iuels life in Latine , and Iesuitismus .

De Interpretatione Linguarum .

He hath written in English

Of Civil and Christian Nobility , shewing the Original , Nature , Duties , Right and Christian Institution thereof .

Also a Treatise by Philo a Jew , of the same Argument , translated .

Seven Sermons .

Iohn Hus a Bohemian born in a Town named Hassenitz . Bohemus , vir eruditione & sanctitate vitae praeclarus fide publica Casaris data & accepta ad Synodum Constantiessem venerat . Sed capiebatur mox à Pontificiis , & in tetros inclusus Carceres , ad revocandam suam doctrinam multum & improbè urgebatur : tandem verò cùm omnino revocare nollet , crudeliter vivus comburebatur anno 1415. Pezel . Mellific . Histor. part. 3.

He died as a Martyr of Christ at Constance Anno 1415. His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

He and Ierom of Prague were condemned in the Councel of Constance against the publick faith given them . Hus in the year 1415. but Ier●m in the year following , which Bodin ( though a Papist ) disliked De Repub. l. 5. c. 5.

The people which were present at the execution of Hus , so admired his constancy and pious death , that they said , What that man taught or did before we know not : certainly those things are great evidences of true piety , for he prayed most servently to God a little before his death .

Hulrichus Huttenus a Knight and Poet laureate , born Anno 1488. Multa audacter & libere in Romanenses dixit & scripfit , Musarumque & Gratiarum Hierophantes incomparabilis . Boissardi Icones . A nullo magis flagitio semper abhorruit , quàm mendacio : neque detestabilius quicquam duxit quàm non simpliciter optima fide & loqui & facere omnia : & à puero usque studuit : ut sincere versaretur & candidé . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita .

He was Luthers good friend , and encouraged him to constancy .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard .

In Vallam de donat constant .

Huttenus captivus , Huttenus illustris Satyra nemo .

De Schismate extinguend● .

Exhortatio in Concil. Basil. contra decimas .

De laude Germanorum .

De morbo Gallico .

Arminius , Dialogus .

His Poetical Works are in one Volume .

There was this Epitaph made of him .

Hic eques auratus jacet oratorque disertus , Huttenus vates carmine & ense potens .

C. Iulius * * Pro quo corruptè vulgo Higynus vel Higinus scribitur . Hodiè nihil Hygini habemus praeter Poeticon astronomicon ad M. Fabium , & fabularem librum . Voss. De Histor. Lat. lib. 1. cap. 20. Hyginus .

Hypatia or Hypathia , a most learned woman , daughter to Theon the Geometrician , Haec tantos in literis fecit progressus , ut omnes Philosophos sui temporis longè superaret . Quinetiam propter gravem animi fidentiam , quam ex doctrinae fontibus hauserat , in conspectum principum , summa cum modestia venire non dubitavit . Socrat. Hist. Eccles. l. 7. c. 15. Buntingi Chronologia . she taught publickly at Alexandria , many flocking thither to hear her .

Andreas Gerhardus Hyperius a most learned and diligent Divine . Anno 1511. Quicquid boni habent ejusdem De formandis sacris Cencionibus libri duo , Deque rectè formando studio Theologico libri iv . id in suos similis argumenti libros transtulit Laurentius à Villavincentio , ex Ord. Augustiniano Doctor Theol. Lovaniensis . Valeri Andreae Bibliotheca Belgica . Praeter raram pietatem & eruditionem , quae in ejus scriptis relucet , aiunt hominem esse mansueto ingenio , magna synceritate praeditum . Calv. Epist. Christophoro Thretio . His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

CHAP. VI. I

Dr THomas Iackson a learned Divine , as his Commentaries upon the Apostles Creed , and other Works shew .

Mr. Arthur Iackson , a Reverend Divine , and good Expos●●or of Scripture .

He hath commented on the Pentateuch , on the Historicall Part , and five Poetical Books .

King Iames a learned and wise Prince . Iacobus Rex . Vide Vossii Epist. ad artem Grammaticam . Quis doctus ( & quotidiè ad eum conflu●nt ) non stupuit tanti ingenii miraculum Rerum incredibilis varietas , mirabilis antiquitatis peritia , selecta oratio , & nihil ab iis abhorrens qui perpetua aetate deduxerunt studium velut ad robustam maturitatem . Cryptaei Britannia Triumphans .

His several Works shew his great Learning . I finde in the Appendix of the Oxford Catalogue these words , Opera Regis Lat manu propria inscripta & Acadomiae suae Oxoniensi don● data , in perpetuam Regiae munificentiae memoriam , in Archivis reposita .

In the Catalogue it self his Poeticall Exercises , and other particular Works are enumerated .

He died in March .

Non miror regem si Martius abstulit Anglis ; Pacificis semper Mars inimicus erat . Arth. Jonstoni Epig.

Iacobus De a a Sic dictus quod esset quasi vorago Bibliorum , propter Crebras allegorias . Alfled . Encycloped . lib. 32. cap. 7. Voraigne . He wrote the golden Legend .

Richard Iames.

Mr Selden speaks of him and Patrick Young , as his Assistants in his Work of Marmora Arundelliana .

Sed ut expeditiùs res absolveretur , rogo ut in operae societatem adsciscerentur amici communes , eruditissimus Patricius Iunius , & multi jugae doctrinae studiique indefatigabilis vir Richardus Iamesius .

For this Richard Iames , there is this censure of him , that he preached three Sermons , one without a Text , another against his Text , and a third besides it .

Dr Thomas Iames. He was a laborious man . As

His Corruption of Scriptures , Councels and Fathers .

The Downfall of Jesuites .

Bellum Papale , and other Works shew .

Iamblychus b b Magnae vir apud Graecos authoritatis . Pier. Valer. Hier. l. 33. c. 41. a famous Philosopher , and Porphyrius his Scholar .

He hath written a Book of the mysteries of the Egyptians , Chaldeans and Assyrians , and three Books of the Sect of Pythagoras , with Commentaries of Simplicius the Philosopher .

Io De c c Gandavensis , vir longè eruditissimus , circiter ante 270 annos primatum Papae oppugnavit . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 8. Ianduno .

Cornelius Iansenius . He was born at Hilstane in Flanders . Vigilantissimus sacrarum literarum Interpres . Montac . Apparat. Cornelius Iansenius in omnibus , quae scripsit , praesertim in Concordiam Evangelicam , & in Proverbia , ut etiam Psalmos , se magno valentem judicio , uti & eruditum ostendit . Possev . Biblioth. Select . Tomo 10. l. 2. c. 49. Theologus Egregius , cui exacta trium linguarum cognitio . Swertii Athen. Belg.

One of the Papists learnedest and best Expositors of the Gospel .

He was sent by King Philip the second King of Spain to the Councel of Trent .

Fuit in hoc viro praestans ingenium , exacta linguarum trium Latinae , Graecae & Hebraicae cognitio , singularis prudentia , eximius rerum usus , inprimis verò summum religionis ac pietatis studium . Quantus Theologus fuerit , clamant doctissimi in Concordiam suam Evangelicam orbis judicio probatam Commentarii ; qui & aequales aliquot , in his Salmeronem & Beauxamamum in eadem arena desudantes , à suis tunc edendis deterruerunt . Auberti Miraei Elog. Belg. Hoc ipso tempore plurimi Sorbonistae Jesuitarum dogmati palam adversantur excitati ad id opere quidem posthumo , egregio tamen Cornelii Iansenii Yprensis Episcopi , quod Augustinum inscripsit . Videatur Apologia pro Iansenio à Doctissimo Sorbonista anonymo , D. Arneldum esse putant , conscripta . Mares . Exeg . Confess . Belg. Art. 16.

He was uncle to the other Iansenius Bishop of Iper , who wrote Sanctus Augustinus . This Iansenius wrote another Book also against the French , and styles it Patricius Armachanus , whence Petavius cals the Jansenians Armachani , or because Iansenius was so much beholding to the Archbishop of Armaghs Goteschalci Historia for his Book .

Rabbi Salomon Iarchi a learned French Jew , who hath commented on the Rabbi Salomon Iarchi , quasi lunaris dictus . Is à nostris Judaeis Salomo 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 vocatur . Natione Gallus erat & patria Trecensis ; contrivit tamen aliquam aetatis partem in Germaniâ , commoratus aliquandiu Wormatiae ad Rhenum , cujus Synagogae Judaei etiamnum ipsius praesentiae monstrant vestigia . Authoritas porrò hujus Iarchaei tanta est apud Rabinos , ut quamvis Interpretum numero abundent , hunc tamen unum caeteris longè praeferant cunctis , non tantum quod tempore antiquior sit & clarorum inter medios ferè primus , sed quia in utroque Bibliis & Talmud laboraverit , & illa subinde cum hoc conferat . Schickard . Bechinath Happeruschim . Potius Ierarchi . Obiit anno Servatoris nostri 1105. Quia scripturam & pleraque Talmudis explicavit , ideoque magnae inter Judaeos est authoritatis . Constant. L'Emperour . Not. in Benjaminem , whole Bible , and to whom Lyra is much beholding for what he hath of the Hebrew .

Iason d d Patricius mediolanensis , eques auratae militiae & Senator Duealis . Vir corporis habitu eleganti , moribus facilis , in colloquiis familiaribus facetus & hilaris , in rebus magnis gravis , acutus , & perspicacissimi ingenii : prudens in consiliis , cujus autoritas maxima fuit apud Fridericum & Maximilianum Imperatores Romanorum : ad quos missus est legatus à Ludovico sfortia duce Mediolanensium excellens Philosophus , in juris prudentia nulli suo tempore ●e●sit . Mortuus est Papiae 84. aetatis anno , Christi verò 1519. Boxhorn . Monum . Illust. Vir. & Elog. Maynus .

His Works are in six Volumes .

Iesuitae . The Jesuites . 1521. Ignatius Loyola Hispanus societatis Jesu fratribus initium dedit . Decem alios sibi adjunxit , quibus comitatus Lutetia Romam obtinuit an. 1540. ut suae religionis institutum à Pontifice confirmaretur . Geneb . Chronol. lib. 4. Ordo Societatis Jesu à Paulo , tertio P. P. primum approbatur an. 1540 & ab eodem confirmatur 1543. Post eum Iulius tertius , Paulus quartus , Pius quartus & Tridentinum Concilium Ses● . 9. cap. 15. Eum ordinem iterum confi●marunt .

In the fifth year of Pope Urbane the fifth began first the Order of the Jesuites .

Men of famous industry and excellent reach in all subtill and profound Arts , but ignorant and besotted in matters of faith and mysteries of salvation . Dr Iacks . on the Creed , Vol. 1. l. 2. c. 1.

Thuanus and Pasquier ( though Papists ) speak against the titles of Jesuites , as proud and blasphemous . Novo atque ut plerisque visum est superbo nomine appellati sunt . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 15.

See Thuan. Hist. tom. 2. l. 36. at the beginning , and Pasquiers Recherches de la France , l. 3. c. 42 , 43. against them .

A Book called the Jesuites Rule , discovers what they are .

See also Monarchia Iesuitica , Arcana Societatis Iesu , Mysteria Patrum Iesuitarum . De studiis Iesuitarum abstrusioribus , and the Jesuites Catechism .

The best Expositors amongst the Papists , are Pererius , Ribera , Tolet , Maldonate , Estius , all which ( except Estius ) were Jesuites .

The ablest for controversies , are Bellarmine , Stapleton , Gregory De Valentia , two of which were also Jesuites .

The best Philologers , are Sirmondus , Andraeas Schottus , Fronto Ducaeus , Serarius , all Jesuites .

Some of the Papists are very bitter and malicious , as Genebrard , Gretzer , Scioppius .

Others more candid and ingenuous , Schottos , Frontones , Acostas , Petavios , Rosweydos , & aliquos alios viros eruditos & modestos excipio . Montac . Appar . 7.

Ignatius , Anno Dom. 102. 96. Helv. Chron. Patriarcha Antiochenus , vir , quod in orientis partibus perrarum est , singulari eruditione . Scalig. Canon . Isag. l. 3. Solus Ignatius est intra primum Christi saeculum , & quidem sub finem . Est enim occisus anno secundo Tra●ani , qui incidit in annum Christi centesimum secundum circiter . Irenaeus vixit circa annum centesimum sexagesimum , Tertullianus circa ducentessimum . Cham. De Occum . Pont. l 2. c. 12. Antiochenae Ecclesiae Episcopus praefuit Ignatius vir magni spiritus , fidei , & zeli , de quo testari possunt ejus Epistolae Graecae plenae fidei ac par●hesiae Concionantes de pectore pro Christo cuncta impendere parato . Neand. Geog. part . 2. Vide De ejus Epistolis . Albertinum De Sacramento Eucharistiae . l. 2. c. 1.

He was the Scholar of St Iohn the Evangelist , Bishop of the Church of Antioch , a man of great Sanctity , and a most ardent lover of our Lord Jesus Christ , he was was wont to say of him , My love was crucified .

Bishop Usher and Vedelius shew which of his Epistles were genuine .

Matth. Fl. Illyricus was somewhat heretical , but yet was usefull to the Church in Matthias Flac●●s Illyricus , haeresi infamis , alioqui de Ecclesia non malè meritus , edito Catalogo testium veritatis , & adornatis sua ipsius , Iohannis Wigandi , & Matthai Judicis opera Centuriis Ecclesiasticis Magdeburgensibus . Pezel . Mellific . Histor. part . 3. Testes veritatis à Christo ad nostram usque aetatem : id est , qui puram religionem amplexi fuerint , prolixè & accuratè descripsit Matthias Flaccius Illyricus in Catalogo Testium veritatis , quam Simon Goulartius recensuit & auxit . Alsted . Encyclopaed . l. 32. c. 7. Quanquam verò cum aliis , tum imprimis paradoxo illo de peccati substantia , non exiguas in Ecclesia Christi turbas dedit : tamen sua etiam laude defraudandus non est , ob egregia scripta quibus aut Antichristi regnum oppugnatum , aut Theologiae studia studiososue ivit adjutum Commendantur enim ex illis primùm Clavis sacrae Scripturae , deinde Centuriae Ecclesiasticae historia congesta Flacii potissimum consilio , opera autem Wigandi & aliorum . Tertium locum obtinet Catalogus Testium veritatis . Melch. Ad. in vita Flacii . Homo vehemens , & quocunque loco pedem fige●et acerrimus turbarum incentor . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 38. Vide ejus Tom. 3. l. 6● . some of his Works , his Clavis , the Centuries , in which he had a great share , and Catalogus testium veritatis .

Dr Iackson indeed in Christs everlasting Priesthood , l. 10. c. 12. seems to justifie Illyricus his definition of original sinne , and chap. 13. labours to shew , that Calvin and Peter Martyr consent with him in the description of original sinne . Yet I have elsewhere refuted his opinion , of original sins being the essence and substance of a man , and it is generally disliked by the Orthodox .

Denegarunt ei coenam ministri propter doctrinam de peccata originali , ita sine viatico , quia aberrarat è viae , abiit ex hac vita : utinam pius & bonus . Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Lavater . Vir politioris literaturae , & S Theologiae studiosissimus , edidit suis impensis Librum introductionum Apotelesmaticarum in Chiromantiam , Physiognomiam , Astrologiam naturalem , cum Periaxiomatibus de faciebus signorum , & Canonibus de aegritudinibus , nusquam fere simili compendio tractata . Liber Argentorari est impressus in folio au●o 1522. Cum viva authoris effigie in titulo praeformata Boissardi Icones .

Ioannes De Indagine .

He flourished Anno 1522.

He was a great Astrologer .

Indices Expurgatorii . ●eritos scillos Chirurgos imirantes , qui expurgationionibus suis sanguinem emit●unt saepius saniorem . Pro●llum imprimis , ut prohibitae lectionis librorum usus omnino interdiceretur , itaque Lovaniensibus Theologis id negotii datum , ut librorum censura dignotum loca notarent , eorumque diligentia & Benedicti Ariae Montani inprimis qui tunc in Belgium ex Hispania Philippi mandatu venerat , ut Bibliorum regiorum editioni praeesset , index expurgatorius est Concinnatus , ac sequenti anno regia auctoritate publicatus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 45.

There are two Expurgatory Indices , one new , the other old , one set out by Cardinal Quiringa in the year 1584 the other by the Cardinal of Squidoval and Roxas in the year 1612. B. Ush. Answ. to the Jesuit . Challenge .

There be some Authors so purged , as Georg. Venetus , Erasmus Roterodamus , and Carolus Molinaeus Works , that their depravations being diligently noted , would amount unto whole Volumes . D. Iames his Remedy against all manner of Popish Corrupt . Part. 5th .

They have put as much out of Cajetane as would make a pretty Book .

The purpose of these Indices is to corrupt the writings , and raze the records of the world , to make all Authors to become the Popes Proctors , and such as ( having spake for the truth ) now ( being dead ) must plead for the Pope . Their practise is so soon as an Author is purged , to burn all the old ones as farre as they can . Crashaws Preface to his Romish Forgeries and Falsificat .

Arias Montanus was sometime a chief Inquisitor in the Low-Countreys , and had more then a finger in printing of the Antwerp Index , long since , and often reprinted by Iunius : yet now his own Works ( as his learned Commentaries ) upon Isay , the lesser Prophets , the four Evangelists and Acts of the Apostles , upon the Epistles and Apocalypse , and other writings of his , are purged and purged again in the Roman Index . D. Iames his Mysteries of the Indices Expurgatory . Pestem in Siciliâ longè latéque grassantem extinxit , unde Siculus Hippocrates vulgo appellabatur . Et , quod de Li●i● legimus , illi etiam accidit ; ut ex ultimis terrarum finibus ad eum visendum eujuscunque ordinis venirent . Castellan . Vit. Illust. Med.

Io. Philippus ▪ Ingrassi●s , a learned Physician .

His house was called eruditionis emporiam , the mart of Learning .

These of his Works are celebrated .

De moribus pr●ter naturam . Tomus 1.

Quaestio de p●rgatione per medicamentum , & de sanguinis missione .

Iatrologia .

Synopsis Commentarior●● de peste .

Commentaria in Galeni librum de ossibus .

Comment in Artem medic . Galeni .

Ingulphus a Learned English Abbot .

He lived Anno 1050. as he witnesseth in the end of his History .

He wrote a History of the Monasteries of England . See more of him , lib. 2. cap. 13. pag. 93.

Innocentius tertius Papa , Anno Dom. 1200.

A learned man but a great persecutour of the Church . Unus ille omnium teterrimus Evangelicae veritatis hostis , qui 1215. in Synodo Lateranensi omnium ferè turbarum , quibus hodiè orbis concutitur Christianus , seminaria in Ecclesiam profudit . Quum primum non ante auditam transubstantiationem invexit , confessionem auricularem à Christianis extorsit : criminum remissionem non aliter quam à sacerdote accipiendam mandavit : Laicis alteram sacrae Communionis partem eripuit : Exurendi tartaream hanc consuetudinem eos maximè qui hiscere adversus Romanam sedem auderent , induxit . Cui potissimum Pontifici acceptum debetur , quicquid hodiè vel clad●s vel dissidii inter Protestantes , & Pontificios in Ecclesia deflagret . Foxus contra Osorium l. 3. p. 23.

When he had great store of money , he said to Thomas Aquinas , Dost thou not see Thomas , that the Church cannot now say as in times past when it first began , Aurum & argentum non habeo , I have not gold and silver , Thomas presently answered , Holy Father , this is true , but the Church cannot now say , as the Primitive Church did by the same man , Arise , walk , be whole .

His Works are contained in two Tomes .

Alanus Insulensis , vel de Insulis , Vir in divinis ac saecularibus disciplinis nulli suo tempore secundus per annos multos . Sorbonae Parisiensi praefuit , ubi scientiarum omnium cognitione Clarissimus Universalis cognomen est adeptus . Anton. ●anderus De Script . Fland. l. 1.

There is his

Ante-Claudiani , & de Anti-Rusfino .

Abbas Ioachimus . Calaber , homo eruditionis & etiam sanctitatis vitae nomine cum primis celebris , qui floruit anno 123. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 17. Magister sententiarum in libro primo dixit . Quaedam summa res est , Pater , Filius & Spiritus Sanctus , & illa non est generans , nec genita , nec procedens . Haec magister , ex quibus verbis , Abbas Ioachim hujusmodi doctrinam haud recte percipiens , quaternitatem colligebat : & quartam in divinis rem adstruebat , hujusque generis errorem & notam magistro impingebat . Ang. Roc●ha Biblioth. Vatic . Concil. 2. Lateran .

He was an heretick , he held a distinction of the Deity from the Persons , and so a quaternity , mistaking a passage in Peter Lombard .

Arthur Ihonston a Scotch Doctor of Physick before he was full twenty three years of age , he was laureated Poet at Paris , his Paraphrastick Translation of the Psalms is commended .

Iornandes , he was called Iordanus , he flourished Anno Domini DXXX , under the Emperour Iustinian .

He being a Monk was made Bishop of the Gothas . Hieronymus Graecum Livium appellat , propter ingenii excellentiam à S●na●● & po● pulo ●oma prom●●uit , ut eo vi●ente , libri ejus publicae Bibliothecae traderentur , ipsi vere post mortem aenea statua poneretur . Amicus fuit Christianorum , quanquam Judaeus esset : & Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum in 18. Antiquitatum libro insigni elogio celebravit , qua de causa D. Hieronymus eum in Catalogo Ecclesiasticorum scriptorum digna cum laude recenset . Sixt. Senens . Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Is in omni Latinorum & Graecorum Scriptorum genere versatus , omnem Genti●um historiam & Chronologiam excussit & perdidicit , ideoque ab istorum Hebraeorum ineptiis remotissimus fuit . Possev . Biblioth. Select . Tomo 10. l. 2. c. 63. Vide Spen●●m . ●●●suram Dub. Evang. & parte 2 da Dub. 2. & Neand. Geog. parte 2 da , Decepti sunt Judaei post Iosippum Iosephi nomine . Item quòd uterque esset sacerdos , doctus , nobilis , &c. quod uterque idem de Antiquitatibus Judaicis & de bello argumentum tractarit , unus tamen Hebraicè , alter Graecè . Geneb Chronol. l. 2. c. 4. Vide Bodin . Method . Hist. Flavi● Ioseph● autor omni laude dignus , & cui post sacrorum voluminum scriptores prima esse debet fides . Etsi gravitate supra cunctos Judaeos eminet , tamen haud ubique à deliramentis abhorret popularium suorum . Cuneut de Repub. Heb. l. 3. c. 1. Vide Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 8.

Iosephus Ind●ious Clarissimus Iudaeorum Historicus . Ful. Miscel. l. 2. c. 3. mo●● learned in the Greek and Hebrew .

He is a diligent Historian , yet since he wrote the Antiquities of his own Nation , with an intention to communicate them to others , he described them as stately as he could , and when he thought the simplicity of the Scripture did not suffice to the commendation of things done amongst the Hebrews , he invented and added many things himself , therefore in those things he is to be prudently read , lest he deceive the unwary Reader . This fault Luther on Gen. 34. and Rivet on Exod. 2. and Chamier and others tax him with . Vide Cornel. à Lap. in Gen. 29. & in Numb . c. 11. v. 34.

There was a Jew in latter times who out of the true Iosephus translated into Latine by Ruffiuus ( he himself understanding no Greek ) and Hegesyppus ( or rather Ambrose ) his Latine History of the destruction of Ierusalem , set out an Hebrew History under the false ▪ name of Ioseph Ben-Gorion , whom he thought to be the same with Iosephus the Historian , for whom he would be taken . The Epitome of this Hebrew History is entitled , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 Iosiphon , whence the name of Iosippus was taken up .

Paulus Iovius . Vir multae eloquentiae , ingeniique acerrimi , medicinam primò exercuit , non sine foelici successu . Scripsit historiam sui temporis , de rebus quae quinquaginta annis gestae erant in Italia , Hungaria , Asia , Africa , aliisque regionibus . Licet ejus Historiae libri sex primae decadis magna reipublicae literariae jactura perierunt , dum Roma capta est ab Hispanis duce Garol● Borbonio . Boissardi Bibliotheca , & Boxhorn Monum . Illust. Vit. & Elog. Paulus Iovi●s multorum judicia , magis acerba , quam libera experitur . Acriter valde in virum eunt . Ego de eo sic censeo . Stylo bonum gravemque esse , & planè ad Historiam : judicio ac fide , ambiguum . Ubi affectus non detrahunt , rectum ; ubi illi adsunt , obnoxiom . Ad gratiam sudat & aurum . Laudationum nec caussam saepe habet nec modum . Orationibus quoque aut frigidus interdum , aut ineptus . Laudandus tamen legendusque ab multiplicem & variam rerum seriem quas redegit composite & dilucide in unum Historiae corpus . Lips . Not. ad 1. Lib. Polit. Vide Uberti Folietae Elog in Bendinelo Saulid . Card.

Some commend him , and others much dislike him .

I have heard wise and learned men say , That his whole study and purpose is spent on these points , to deface the Emperor , to flatter France , to spite England , to help Germany , to praise the Turk , to keep up the Pope , to pull down Christ and Christs Religion , as much as lieth in him . Aschams Discourse of the State of Germany , p. 15.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him .

Vaeualis cui penna fuit , cui gloria flocci , Vix quid ut ille fide scripserit historicâ .

Thuanus cals him Luculentum historiarum Scriptorem Hist. Tom. 1. l. 11. Neand. in the third part of his Geography , saith Paulus Iovius in opere ejus doctissimo & ●loquentissim● historiarum nostri temporis .

Hic situs est Iovius Romanae gloria linguae : Par cui non scripto non Patavinus erat .

CHAP. VII .

IRenaus , Anno Dom. 180. 161. Helv. Chron.

Bishop of Lions , the Disciple of Polycarpus who was a hearer of Iohn , most Magnus ille Ecclesiae propugnator ac pro sui nominis augurio pacis Ecclesiasticae , vindex . Spirant illius scripta priscum illum Evangelii vigorem ; ac phrasis arguit pectus martyrio paratum . Habent enim martyres suam quandam dictionem seriam , fortem ac masculam . Fuit vicinus Apostolorum temporibut , qu●m adhuc martyru●● triumphis floreret Ecclesia . Nam puer audivit Polycarpum in Asia , Polycarpum autem Ioannis Evangelistae fuit discipulus , à quo & Episcopus Smyrnae is datus . Eras. Epist. l. 28. Epist. 5. Vide plura ibid. famous among the Fathers .

His nature well agreed with his name , for he ever loved peace , and sought to set agreement when any controversie rose in the Church .

He was martyred with a great multitude of others more , for the Confession and Doctrine of Christ , about the fourth of fifth year of S●verus .

Io. Isaacus . He was a Jew , but turned Christian.

He hath put out an Hebrew Grammer .

Isidorus Hispalensis , Anno Dom. 632. Archiepiscopus Hispalensis quem ad alterius differentiam Iuniorem nuncupant . Fuit hic omnium litterarum cognitione tinctus . Hispan . Biblioth. Tom. 2 ▪

He was called the younger to distinguish him from the senior Bishop of Corduba , or from another Bishop of Siville his Predecessor .

He was the Archbishop of Sivill , the President of the Councel of Sivill in Spain , one of the most learned Writers which have been in the Church within this thousand years . B. Down . Defence of his Serm. l. 3. c. 4.

He hath learnedly interpreted almost all the Old and New Testament . He hath written twenty Books of Etymologies , wherein he hath not only shewed himself a Grammarian , but a compleat Artist .

Isidorus * * Th●odofi● juniore imperatore regnante claruit monachorum Pelusiaci montis in Aegypto abbas , Chrysostomi Discipulus , & Cyrilli familiaris . Illyr. Catal. Ver. l. 5. Pelufiota , floruit anno 482. Bell. de Script . Eccles.

For his famous sanctity he was called by a peculiar name 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , that is , carrying God in him .

Isocrates . Nitidus & Comptus , & Palaestraequam pugnae magis accomodatus ▪ in inventione facilis , honesti studiosus : in compositione adeò diligens , ut cura ejus reprehendatur . Quintil. Instit. l. 18. c. 1. Omnium oratorum elaboratissimus . Scalig. orat . 1. cont. Eras. Quo simplicius aut purius cogitari nihil potest . Lud. Viv. de trad. disc. l. 3.

He was very bashfull , and never spake in publick but once .

Tully cals him the father of eloquence , Dilher that Attick Syren .

Isocrates quidem suavitatem habuit , vim Demosthenes .

Notae Dounaei in 36. Hom. Chrysost. in Epist. prim . ad Corinth .

Henricus Isselburgius Professor and Pastor of Brema , Doctor in Divinity .

There is a Book of his published , styled

Digeries praecipuarum quarundam Controversiarum Theol.

Iohn Iuel Bishop of Salisbury , exile in Queen Maries time for the Profession Iewellus Anglice sonat Gemmam , vel potius moni●gemmis consertum : Et certe qui in illo viro insignes animi dotes quibus tanquam immensi pretii Gemmis ornatus est , spectarit ; fateatur necesse est , tarò cuiquam nominis significata aptiùs convenisse . Godw. De Praesul . Ang. Comment. Apologia ejus ab exteris piis summopere in pretio habita est , & in varias linguas , Germanicam , Hispanicam , Italicam , Gallicam transfusa . Humphred . in vita Iuelli . Si specte●ur ordo , nihil distributi●s : si perspicuitas , nihil lucidius : si stylus , nihil tersius : si verba , nihil splendidius : si res , nihil nervosius , Id. ibid. Apologia tua Ecclesiae Anglicanae non tantum mihi , cui omnia tua probantur & mirificè placent , omnibus modis & numeris satisfecit , verùm & jam Bullingero , ejusque filiis & generis , nec non Gualther● , & W●lphio , tam sapiens , mirabilis & eloquens visa est , ut ejus laudandae nullum modum faciant , nec arbitrantur hoc tempore quicquam perfectius editum fuisse . & Mart Iuell● . of the Gospel .

He was born in Devonshire . Iohn comes from the grace of God . Iuel is the same in our Language with Gemma in Latine , as lately a learned Writer was called Gemma Frisius .

The Jewel of Bishops , the worthiest Divine that Christendom hath bred for some hundreds of years , saith incomparable Hooker . Doctor Hackwell . Apol. lib. 5.

Hardly is there any Controversie of importance handled at this day , of which in his Works is not to be found some learned and probable resolution .

His Apology was esteemed not only by the Tigurines , but by all Protestants . It was translated into the Germane , French , Italian , Spanish Tongue , and into the English by the Lady Anne Bacon , wife to the Lord Chancellour Bacon .

The first part of it is an illustration of the true Doctrine , and a certain paraphrastical Exposition of the twelve Articles of our Christian faith . The second a succinct and solid Refutation of Objections .

He had at hand a great paper-book , as it were a rich treasury of Sciences , in which he wrote his divine and humane collections out of Poets , Philosophers and Divines . We call it a Common-place book .

Doctor Rainolds in his Letter to his friend concerning his advice for the study of Divinity , saith thus ,

Touching noting , you know , I do not like the common custom of Common-place Books . The best in my judgement is to note in the Margent , or in some paper-book for that purpose the Summe and Method of that which you reade .

In other little Books which he carried about with him ( an Ephemerides or Diary ) he diligently wrote all the Apophthegmes and witty speeches , or jests which he heard from others , or observed any way , by which means he much increased his knowledge yearly .

He was very affable and courteous , amiable in his whole life , in speech witty and pleasant ; in his writings he is solid and yet facetious . He fled in Q. Maries dayes , and returned when Q. Elizabeth ruled .

Iulian the Emperour , a Learned Prince , but an Apostate . Et genere nobilissimo , & forma liberali , & ingenio ad literas & ad arma accommodato celebris statim à pueri●ia fuit . Christianos non tam violentis per●ecutionibus quam dolis & persuasionibus à veri●ate fidei abducere conatus est . Pezel . Mellific . Histor. part. 2. p. 273. Vide plura ibid. Cum oblata essent ei aliquando scripta Christianorum , quibus defendebatur doctrina Evangelii , deridens eam , subscripsit haec verba 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , legi , intellexi , damnavi ; sed respondit , nomine aliorum Episcoporum Basilius , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Legi●ti , sed non intellexisti , si enim intellexisses non damnasses . Pezel . ibid. Vide Crinitum De honesta Disciplina . l. 5. c. 10. Et Crakanth . De Provid . Dei .

Quo tetrius magisque Deo simul & hominibus exosum animal orbis vix vidit . Crak . De Provid . Dei .

He was given to Eusebius Bishop of Nicomedia to be instructed , of whom also he learned the Doctrine of the Church , and was made a Reader in the Church of Nicomedia . But he was a hearer secretly of Libanius the Rhetorician , and was familiarly acquainted with the most famous Philosophers of that time . He was drawn back by these by degrees to the Heathenish Religion .

He wrote Books against the Christians , and reproved their Doctrine , especially the prohibitions of revenge delivered , which , though they properly belong to private revenge , yet he wrested them for publick revenge , and he said by these , Magistrates , punishments , lawfull warres were taken away , and all the sinews of retaining humane Societies .

Ammianus Marcellinus commends his Temperance in meat and drink , and his continual watching , and the partition of the night into private , publick and divine offices .

He took away the great Gifts and holy Vessels which Constantine the Great had given to the Churches use , and Ministers maintenance , with this scoff , See in what goodly vessels this N●zarite is served .

It was one of his scoffs when he robbed the Churches and the Christians , He did it that the Galileans ( so he contumeliously called the Christians ) might go more readily to heaven .

He not onely killed the Christians , but scoffed at Christ himself and the Scriptures .

He had scarce raigned two years , when warring against the Persians , he was struck and mortally wounded with a Spear in that warre , as Nazianzene , Theodoret , Socrates , Sozomen , and others uno ere docent , and filling his hand with bloud , casting it into the air , he cried out , Vicisti Galilae● , Ita simul & victoriam confessus est , & blasphemiam evomit , saith Theodoret.

Franciscus Iunius . Translatio illa Veteris Testamenti edita saeplus , & qua ●odie utuntur multi , inagnum ipsi nomen peperit . Verheiden .

The glory of Leyden , the oracle of Textual and School-Divinity , rich in Languages , subtil in distinguishing , and in Argument invincible . Dr Halls Dec. of Epist. Epist. 7.

He saith in his own Life written by himself , that he being once in the times of trouble very hungry , came by accident into the house of a Countreyman , and desiring some food , he entertained him most courteously . Hic ( ô sapientiam Dei admirabilem ) saith he , optimam scholam Christianitatis Dominus meus mihi paraverat . There they discoursing together about the troubles for Religion . Sic effecit Deus admirabiliter ( saith Iunius ) ut bonus rusticus sanctissimum Zelum , quem habeb●t , operante Domino , mihi quasi insti●●ar●● , ego verò malus Christianus , siquidem Christianus , ei scientia praelucerem . Una & eadem hora suam gratiam in utroque explicavit & ostendit ▪ Deus : à me scientiam rustico , ab illo Zeli semina qu●dam mihi ingenerans . And so being each of us some way bettered by the other we departed , saith Iunius .

He is censured by Doctor Twisse * * Nihil ferè Iunio magis familiare quam obscurita . Twissus Animadvers . in collat. cum Iun. as too obscure , but by Thuanus over-harshly , Vir desultorio ingenio , qui multa conatu● , an adsecutus sit quod moliebatur , doctorum erit judicium . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 79. from whom he is vindicated by Vossius .

His Works are in two Volumes in Folio .

Migravit ad Christum anno 1602.

His Son Francis Iunius ( whom I know well ) hath written a learned Book De Omnifatiâ doctrina & gene●is splendore ornatissimus , Franciscus Iunius Francisci filius affinis meus . Voss. De Orig. & Progressu Idol . l. 3. c. 5. 7. Pictura veterum .

Hadrianus Iunius a Physician . Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 61. Vir in quo omnia excellerent , Medi cinae , Historiae , Antiquitatis peritia , ingenium ad Poeticem factum . Linguas praeter vernaculam septem tenuit , Graecam , Latinam , Italicam , Gallicam , Hispanicam , Germanicam , Anglicam . Meursii Athenae ●atavae . Horrenda lectione sua , eruditione , & tot elegan●●ssimis scriptis , quibus Latinas Graecasque litteras illustravlt , meritus est Hollandiae & litterarum post Erasmum Phoenix appellari . Obiit anno M. D. LXXV . Middelburgi . Box●orn . Theat. Holland .

One of the great Lights of Holland , as Erasmus also was .

Vir eruditissimus variaeque lectionis . Ful. Miscel. l. 4. c. 5.

Fuit Medicus , Criticus , Poeta , Historicus exactissima antiquitatis cognitione egregiè clarus ; linguarum plurium peritus . Melch. Ad. vit. Germ med .

Many Monuments of his wit full of Learning witnesse his great ability .

His Nomenclator , six Books of Animadversions , Copiae Cornu , and other Works .

Ptricius Iunius , Patrick Young a Scotchman , a great Grecian . Patritius Iunius homo ad literatu●ae omnis , duntaxat G●aecae beneficium natus . Pric . Not. in Apol. Apulaei .

There is his

Catena Pat. Graec. in Iob Gr. Lat.

Clementis ad Corinthios Epistola , cum ejus notis .

Fr. Iuretus . Limati judicii multaeque lectionis vir Franciscus Iurct●● . Blondel . De Formul . Regnant Christi In vet. Monum . usu .

He hath put out Notes on Seneca .

Christ . Iustellus a learned Protestant .

He hath published these two excellent Works .

Codex Canonum Ecclesiae Affricanae .

Codex Canonum Ecclesiae Universa .

Iustinian the Emperour . Iustinia●ne Imperator magnus , vir magni & excellentis ingenii , locum inter Ecclesiasticos scriptores meritò acquisivit . Omnes Constitutiones principum quae in multis voluminibus habebantur ad 12. libros redigens codicem appellavit , Quatuor etiam institutionum , libros composuit , in quibus nucleus legum comprehenditur & exponitur . Trithem . De Script . Eccles. Imperium adeptus anno Christ● 5●7 . imperavit annis 38 , sicut de illo scripserunt Evagr●us l. 4. c. ult. & Marianus Scotus , ac Sigebertus Gemblacensis ad annum 527. Hic est ille Iustinianus Imperator , cujus jussu collectae sunt leges , & volumina illa edita sunt Institutionum , & Pandectorum , & Codicis , & Novellarum . Hic Italiam à Gothicis , & Africam à Vandalis recuperavit . Forbes . Instruct. Hist. Theol. l. 3. c. 1. Vide Geneb . Biblioth. Pezel . Mellif . Hist. part. 2. & ult.

He was born at Prisdena in Sertia . He was most Orthodox in Religion , a most constant Defender of the true Doctrine against the Arians , Nestorians Eutychians and Manichees .

He wrote four Books of Institutions , in which the Summe of all the Romane Laws is briefly comprehended .

Of these Melancthons Distich is memorable .

Continet hic tenuis legum praecepta libellus . Primaque Romani semina juris habet .

Augustinus Iustinianus Episcopus Nebiae . Iustinianus Genuensis si●e dubio Romanensium omnium doctissimus est . Vedel . Epist. Dedicat. ad Comment. de ●empore utriusque Episcopatus S. Apostoli Petrl . ● Episcopus Nebiensis , qui Psalterium octapsum anno Christi 1516 in magno folio excusum Genuae edidit , ut inter p●ae●ipuas linguas ibi essent Hebraea , Chaldaea , Arabica , & Graeca Fuerat autem in totidem linguis daturus , aliquando tota Biblia , nisi calamitosa morte ante tempus fuisset praereptus . Neand. Geog. part. 1.

Paulus Iovius saith , when he passed from Genua into the Corsick Island , he was thought to be drowned , or to be intercepted by Pyrates .

Sodalitatis praedicatorum eximius theologus , Graecis , Hebraeis , Arabis , Chaldaeisque literis ornatus , qui ex Graecis Hebraicisque Latinitati plurima donavit . Ingensque volumen historiarum Genuensium lingua vernacula , cum insulae Corsicae descriptione condidit . Leand. Albert Descript. tot . Ital. in Liguria .

Laurentius Iustinian the Patriark of Venice was also of the same house .

Leonardus Iustinianus . Fuit vir maximi consilii parisque facundiae . Juvenis adhuc versus lingua vernacula plurimos arte magna panxit : aetate vero confirmata dein eloquen●●ssimus at litteratissimus evasit : n●que solum oratione soluta , verum etiam rec●tatione carminis sermone ve●●●culo mi●ifice delectatur , usque adeò ut inter aetatis suae doctissimos homines sit habitus , prae●●rquam quod eximius reipublicae consiliatius erat . Albert. Leand. Descript. Ital. in V●net .

His Family had the same felicity that the Curios had , that there were three famovs Orators of it , two Leonards , the Grandfather and the Grandchilde , and Bernard the Grandchildes sonne . Volat. Anthropel . l. 21.

Iustin Martyr . Est vir ille ad Philosophiae tum nostrae , tum potissimum profanae summum e●ectus fastigium , multiplicisque eruditionis , & historiarum Copia circumfluens . Photii Bibliotheca . p. 309.

A famous Philosoph●●● and a great Defender of Christian Religion , who first exhibited unto the Emperour Antoninus Pius , and to the Senate , an Apology in the Defence of the Christians , and afterward himself also died a Martyr .

He flourished in the Church after Christ about the year 150 , so Zanchy Others say 163.

He is the ancientest of the Fathers ( whose writings remain ) except Clement .

He lived in the very next Age to the Apostles , and Tertullian lived the next Age to him .

He was first allured to the Faith by the cruelty of Tyrants , and by the constancy and patience of Gods Saints .

In the year of Christ 163. he suffered Martyrdom for the faith under Marcus Aurelius Antoninus the Philosopher , and Lucius Verus Emperours . Apologiam scripsit , eamque Imperatori Pio obtulit , anno Christi centesimo quinquagesimo . Et in ea genus & nomen suum , religionemque Christianam profitetur , Iustinum se esse dicens , Prisci Batti filium , ●laviae ( quae nova civitas est Syriae Palestinae ) ortum . Antequam verò Christianus fieret , sectator fuerat disciplinae Platonis , ut ipse de se testatur , in altera Apologia ad Senarum Romanum . Ubi etiam qua occasione adductu , fuerit , ut dè Christianis benignius sentire inciperet , tandemque iis se adjungeret , commemorat his verbis . Nam & ego ipse ( inquit ) Platonis Disciplinae sectator , cum calumniosè deferri Christiano●●udirem , intrepi●è au●em ad mortem & alia quae terribilia aesse censentur , omnia adire conspicerem , statui ipse mecum , fieri haud quaquam posse , ut illi in vitiorum p●avitate & voluptate amore viverent . Forbes . Instruct. Hist. Theol. l. 1. c. 3. Vide R. Episc. Usser . De editione LXX . ●nterp . p. 30.

His Works were printed in Greek and Latine by Co●imelinus Anno 1593.

Iustin the Historian .

He lived under the Emperour Antoninus .

Iunius Iuvenal . * * Anno Aerae Christianae 138. Helv. Chron.

He is commended by learned men for the best Satyrist . That Censor Anno Aerae Christianae 96. Helv. Chron. Candidus , ac Satyrorum facile princeps . Nam ejus versus longe meliores quam ▪ Horatiani : sententiae acriores phrasis apertior . Scalig. Hypercrit . c. 6. In taxandis moribus , nostrorum pat●um memoria , primum locum habere putabatur adeo , ut is tunc doctior existimaretur , qui plures ejus versus memoriter ●ecitaret . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4. morum liberrimus . He is a rare Poet , is testified by his Verse , flowing like a River , when the winde breaths gently , smooth besides the banks , strong in the current .

He was a true Philosopher , who with inimitable sweetnesse of Language , and majesty of Sentences , sets before our eyes the lovelinesse of virtue , and the deformity of vice . So the learned Sir Robert Stapleton in his Preface to his exact Translation of Iuvenals Satyrs .

Iuvencus Presbyter a Spaniard . Vir nobilis atque doctissimus : Philosophus , Poeta , Rhetor & Theologus insignis , & non minus conversatione , quam scientia Scripturarum Ecclesiae venerabilis . Biblioth. Hispan . Tom. 2. Sacerdos Hispanicus nobili genere natus , Constantini magni temporibus . Scripsit quatuor Evangelia hexametris versibus , penè , ut ait Hieronymus , ad verbum transferens . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Histor. Dial. 5.

He flourished in Constantines raign , Anno Dom. 330.

He wrote four Books of Verses , in which he hath comprized the Evangelicall History .

CHAP. VIII . K

BArth . Keckermannus .

He hath written almost on all Arts Vir caetero quin eruditus , sed novellorum scriptorum , quam antiquitatis studiosior . Voss. De Hist. Graec. lib. 2. cap. 13.

All his Works are in two Volumes in Folio .

Thomas de Kempis , or Kempensis . Nascitur circa annum M. CCC . LXXX . De imitatione Christi . l. 4. verè aurei , non Latinè solum sed Germanicè , Belgicè , Hispanicè , Gallicè , & Graecè saepius excusi . Nullus post sacros codices tam crebro fui● excusus libellus , nullus tam cupidè ab omnibus expeti●us & lectitatus , a summis , mediis , & infimis . Swertii Athenae Belgicae . Valeri Aud. Biblioth. Belg.

His Book De Imitatione Christi is translated into sundry Languages .

He is translated into the Turkish Language . A Merchant going to Algiers in Mauritania to redeem some Captives from their miserable slavery , found this Authour translated , and by the King wonderfully enriched with pearls , and kept ( as he saith ) in a more glorious Cabinet then ever Alexander kept his Homer in .

Liber quotidianarum pagi●arum erat ei Thomae à Kempis divinum opusculu●● de Imitatione Christi , de quo in libro de Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis , Ego , inquit , ab adolescentiâ mea , & usque ad senectam hoc Opusculum saepissimè volvi & revolvi usum per mihi novum apparuit , & nunc etiam mirificè cordi meo sapit . Fuligattus in vitae Bellarmini .

Aureus ille De Christi imitatione libellus , & non modò de manibus nunquam deponendu● , sed & ad verbum ediscendus , tanquam pietatis myrothecium , ut jure omnium gentium linguis hodiè legatur . Aubert . Miraei Elog. Belg. Vide plura ibid.

Ioh. Keplerus a famous Mathematician .

He hath put out many Works that way .

Vir ingenio , industria , & ( quod omnium instar ) foelicitate inventorum , Admirabilis , saith Dr Ward of him in his Preface to the Reader before his Inquisitie in Bulliald . Astronomiae Philolaicae Fundament● .

Iacobus Kimedoncius , he was Professour at Heidelberg in the Palatinate .

He wrote De verbo Dei .

De Redemptione generis humani .

De Divina Praedestinatione .

Oratio lugubris in obitum Io. Casmiri .

R. David Kimchi , a most learned Rabbin , and deadly enemy to Christians . Vir talis , qui , quod litteram , quod Historiam , quod denique idiomata vocum attitinet , plurimum lucis ac utilitatis V. T. adferat . Nonne ex solo ipsius libro Radicum sole clarius ipsius Ebraica eruditio solidissima refulget ? Certè suo Michlol omnem laudem est supergressus . Dilber . Disput. Acad. Tom 1. David Kimchius , author , ut doctus , ita ( nisi ubi nimio in Christianos zelo praeceps rapitur ) sobrius & gravis . Pocock . Not. Miscel in Portam Mofis cap. 4. Nomen est familiae quae tres viros insignes habuit , Iosephum , viz. Patrem & Davidem Mo●emque filios : quorum uterque grammaticam edidit , sed ille plenissimè scripsit de hac arte , quem Christiani doctores plurimum sequantur . Drus. Not. in Tetrag .

The King of Grammarians . Broughton of the ten first Fathers .

He hath styled his Grammatical Work Michlol .

Liber Radicum , that Book of his roots or Hebrew Lexicon is Hebraicae literaturae locupletissimus thesaurus .

Comment in Psalmos 10. priores .

There is he and other Rabbins upon the lesser Prophets .

Adversus Christianos .

R. Moses Kimchi .

There is his Introductio ad sapientiam cum Exposit. D. Eliae & annot. Const. L'Empereur Hebraicè & Lat. 80.

Athanasius Kircherus , a learned Germane Jesuite now living at Rome . Athanasius Kircheus Germanus vir è Societate Jesu eruditionis oppido magnae . Is perhibetur eximiè callere Hieroglyphicorum mysteria . Gassend . De vita Peireskii ▪ l. 4.

He hath written these Works ,

Lingua Aegyptiaca restituta .

Prodromus coptus sive Aegyptiacus .

Consule eruditissimum de magnete opus Athanasii Kircheri . Musaeum Wormianum l. 1. Sect. 2. c. 9.

Conradus Kircherus .

His Greek Concordance of the Old Testament is much esteemed , entitled

Concordantiae Veteris Testamenti Graecae Hebraeis vocibus respondentes .

Petrus Kirstenius a great Arabist of Germany .

He hath published divers things about the Arabick Tongue .

Iohn Knewstub a Learned Divine .

There are his Lectures on Exod. 20. 7. first 17. vers. on 1 Cor. 13. v. 4 , 5 , 6 , 7. on Gal. 3. v. 10. on 3 Ioh. v. 16. on Mat. 6. v. 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13.

Answer unto certain Assertions .

Confutation of monstrous and horrible heresies taught by H. N. and embraced of a number , who call themselves of the Family of Love .

Iohn Knox a learned Scotch Divine . The King of Scotland said , He was a good man and that he was more afraid of his prayer then of a great Army .

Iohannes Major a famous Scotchman also was his Master .

Beza and Calvin write several Epistles to him ; Calvin three , and Beza two . Calvin cals Knox and Goodman his Brethren , and excellent men .

He had a Prophetick Spirit , by which he fore-told many things that came to passe afterwards , as * * De Eccles. qu. 5. c. 13. Whitaker observes .

He was the Restorer of the Gospel among the Scots .

His Sermons and other English Works are mentioned by Maunsell in his Catalogue .

Albertus Krantzius , or Crantzius . Decessit eodem anno quo Lutherus nundinationem indulgentiarum reprehendere coepit . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita .

A man , as of an excellent Spirit , so of farre greater Place and Authority in Germany then Luther was , and one that from as earnest detestation of the Romish Churches pride and insolencies , notified as great a desire of Reformation , as Luther , yet thought he should have but lost his labour in oppugning the greatnesse whereto it was grown . The same Bishop a little before his death being made acquaiuted with Luthers purpose ; after approbation of his good intents to reform the abuse of Indulgences , burst into these despairing speeches of his good successe , Frater , frater , abi in cellam , & dic , miserere mei Deus . Dr Iacks . on the Creed first Vol. l. 1. c. 30.

There are his Works in two Volumes mentioned by Melch. Ad.

CHAP. IX . L

LActantius Firmianus , Anno Dom. 300.

He was Tutor to Constantines Sonne Crispus , but that was ( as Hierom saith ) in extrema senectute .

He was so poor , that many times he wanted even necessaries . G●neb . out of Euseb. Chron.

Hic est Cicero Christianorum quemadmodum Cyprianus eorundem Caesar. Alsted . Encyclop . l. 32. c. 7.

Institutionum divinarum opus , sub Diocletiano aggressus est , ut ipse testatur libro quinto , capite quarto , & tempore Constantini magni edidit , ad ipsum Constantinum sermone converso . Forbes . Instruct. histor. Theol. l. 7. c. 8.

Quem obsecro ad pietatem accendit Lactantius ? atque nihil ●o nitidius . Dicas Christianum Ciceronem loqui , quanquam ille non tractat Scripturas , sed cum Ethnicis digladiatur . Eras. Epist. l. 27. Epist. 38. Inter omnes Patres audit Ciceronianus . Ames . Bell. Enerv.

He was called Firmianus from his Countrey Firmi or Firmii a Town of the Picenes in Italy , Lactantius à lacteo eloquentiae flumine , solidiorique orationis genere . Wolfii Lect. mem. Cent. 5.

Arnobii discipulus , & quidem similis fortunae . Nam utramque ex Oratoriae artis professione religionis Christianae doctorem evasisse , ex Hieronymo constat . Voss. Hist. Pelag. l. 3. part . 1. Thes. 1.

Franciscus Lambertus . There is his Commentary on the Revelation . Edidit ▪ primus omnium Evangelicorum Commentarios in Apocalypsin . Pezel . Mollif . Histor.

Dionysius Lambinus .

A learned man and a Protestant , say some , though Thuanus a a Hist. Tom. 3. l. 52. Vide Scaev. Samarth . Elog. Gal. make him a Papist .

He hath commented well on Lucreti●s , Horace , Plautus , Turnebus often honourably mentions him in his Adversaria .

Dionysius Lambinus vir omnibus literis egregi● doctus & Graecè & Latinè imprimis eruditus , & nunc lingu● Graecae professione Parisi●nse gymnasium ornans . Turneb . Advers. l. 11. c. 26.

Carolus Langius . Quem B●lgarum optimum , doctissimumque initio operis de constantia Justus Lipsius appellat . V●ssius De vit●is sermonis , l. 4. c. 33.

Ioannes Langius , a learned Physician of Germany , He was born Anno 14●5 . Reliquit monumenta ingenii sui egregia , refer●a etuditione , & rerum scitu dignissimarum explicatione varia ● rara inter quae principem locum tenet Epistolarum medicinalium opus misc●llan●um , in senecta ab ipso scriptum ▪ ●ujus lectio non sol●m medicinae ; sed omnis etiam naturalis historiae studiosis plurimum emolumenti sit allat●ra . Me●c● . Ad. in ejus vita . & Boissardi ●cones .

Illustrissimi Principis Pulatini Rheni Medicus , cujus extant Epist●larum medicinalium Tomi duo ab Op●ri●o nostro Basilea impressi , opus stupendum , eruditum , varium , Medicum , Physicum , Phylologicum , planéque tale ●t ob rerum in illo opere pulcherrimarum , variarum ac scitu dignissimarum copiam , non solum medicinae candidatis , sed etiam omnibus eruditae ac Philologicae doctrinae studiosis , plurimum sit emolumenti all●turum . Extat etiam ejusdem medicu● de Repub. symposium , ejusdem planè argumenti cum Epistolis medicinalibus . Neand. Geog. part. 1.

Steph. b b Anglus Parisiensis Doctor , ejusdemque Gymnasii Cancellarius , in Philosophia Aristotelica nulli suo tempore secundus habitus est . Scholasticamque Theologiam subtilissimè docuit , demum Cardinalis & Archiepiscopus Cantuariensis effectus , non inferiori studio divinis impalluit . Plura quam quisquam alius volumina publicavit , quae in aerates perstabunt . Nomenclat . San●tae Ro●an● Eccles. Cardina●●●● . Langton , a learned Englishman .

Hubertus Languetus .

Non minus doctrina , quam diuturn● totius Europae peragratione clarus . Bod. Meth. Hist. c. 4. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 74.

Thomas Lansius .

His Consultatio de principatis inter provincias Europae is a learned Work .

Cornel. à Lapide , a Jesuite of Flanders . He publickly taught the Hebrew , and Exstant ejus Commentari● in Pentareuchum , Pr●phetas majores & minores , Proverbia , Ecclesiasten , Cantica ; totum N. T. Sed quid in iis desideremus breviter dicemus . 1. Interpretationes Pontisicio●um suorum , & Patrum non semper omne● refert . 2. Nostrorum rara refert , aut non ex professo : au● sicubi hoc faciat , tantum occasionem quaerit calumniae . 3. In plurimis locis di●●icillimis & illustri ac prolixo Commentario illustrandis , saepe jejunus est , imo mutus magis quam piscis . 4. In philologicis sacris ho●pes est , & consequenter admodum pa●●us , inprimis etiam in Hebraea , caeterisque Orientalibus , & consequenter in illarum linguarum idiotismis , elegantiis , antiquitatibus . 5. In moralibus & practicis , postillisticas quisquil a● & carbones pro thesauris , ●x Discipulo de tempore , legendis , vitis patrum , & similibus sabularum promis co●di● , pl●rumque obtrudit . V●●t . Biblioth. Studios . Theol. l. 2. c. 4. expounded the Scriptures at Lovaine more then twenty years .

He hath Commented almost on all the Scripture .

He was of very low stature , as I have heard from one that ( I think ) saw him , and so I finde him described in Valeri Andr●ae Bibliotheca Belgica , Pusillus quidem corpore , at ingenio magnus fuit .

Iohannes a a Graecorum fere omnium , qui Othomannicis armis patria pulsi in Italiam confugerunt , nobilissimus atque doctissimus fuit . Paul . Iov . Elog. Doct. Vir. Lascares .

Lud. b b Iuellus in libro in Proverbia multiplicem & variam lectionem , & doctrinam reconditam agn●vit , ita ut nihil in eo genere putavit ex●are cum eo conferendum , ingenuè confessus se multa illius sapientissimi Regis proverbia tum demùm intellexisse , quae antea ignorabat . Lavaterus .

A Learned and diligent Preacher of the Church at Z●rick .

His Book de Spectris , hath been often published in Latine , High Dutch , Low Dutch , French , Italian .

He first got himself a name by this Book .

Perlegi Lavateri Doctissime : non sine voluptate & fructu , eruditissimum libellum tuum de Spectris . Placet argumentum , sententia tua , methodus , perspicuitas . Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Lavatero .

He hath Commented upon Ezekiel , Ecclesiastes and Esther , Ruth , Nehemiah .

Io. Baptista Laurus . He hath written two Centuries of Epistles .

Theatri Rom. orchestra , de viris illustribus .

Iacobus Laurentius , a Learned Minister of Holland .

In his singular Tractate intituled Reverentia Ecclesiae Romanae erga S. Patres veteres subdola Dr Featlies Stricturae ad Lyndomastigem .

He hath Commented upon the Epistle of Iames , both the Epistles of Peter , hath written in loca difficiliora Epist. Pauli .

Gaspar c c Vir pietatis & doctrinae haut vulgaris . Lectius De vita Sadeelis . Laurentius .

These Works of his are publi●hed ,

Observatio de publicis disput. de Religione .

De natura in Sacramentis , cum Christi Iesu Conjunctione .

Iacobus d d Elegiaco carmine tres Psalmorum Libros integros , cum Threnis & Canticis ●elici carmine reddidit ; ut patruo suo illo Iacobo Latomo Theologo ( cujus & scripta omnia una volumine edenda Lovanii typis Barth . Gravii curavit ) non indignus cognatus fuerit , & heres. Au● . Mir. Elog. Belg. Latomus , Pater ●ive Senior , an eloquent and learned man , most skilfull in three Languages .

He wrote two Dialogues de trium Linguarum & studii . Theologici ratione .

And divers other Works .

Iacobus Latomus , filius ●ive Iunior .

He turned some of the Psalms into verse .

Hugh Latimer , sometimes Bishop of Worcester , Martyr . Honestissimus simul & doctissimus Vir Gulielmus Latymerus . Pac●us lib. de fructu qui ex doctrina percipitur .

There is his Conference with Ridley , and his Sermons .

Iohannes Lati●s , or de Laet. De hujusmodi rebus solus ferme recte judicare potest , pro linguarum cognitione qua valet , & insigni ac singulari Historiarum & Graeciae peritia , qua caeteris praecellit . Constant. L'Empereur Praesat . ad Itin. Benjam .

Olaus Wormius in his Museum Wormianum often honourably mentions him .

He hath put out the work of the severall Commonwealths .

America , seu novi orbis descriptio cum Tabulis .

Hispania , sive de Regis Hispaniae reg●is , & oppibus Comment.

A learned Tractate de Gemmis & Lapidibus .

De Imperio magni Mogolis . Novus Orbis , seu descriptionis Indiae Occidentalis , l. 18.

Persia , seu Regni Persici status .

Pierre De Launey , a French Gentleman .

He hath written upon all Pauls Epistles in two Volumes in French , in quarto .

The same man ( by another name ) hath written on Daniel and the Revelation .

Wolfgangus e e Fuit nostratium medicorum decus egregium , Philologus , histori●us , Romasiarum & Germanarū rerum scriptor celebris , antiquitatis indagator fidelis : professor in Academia patriâ , primùm artium liberalium : deinde medicinae per annos novemdecim continuous . Melch. Adam ▪ Vit. Germ. Medic. Lazius .

He hath published

Com. Reipub. Rom.

De gentium aliquot migrat .

De Bello Turcico .

De rebus Graecis .

Rerum Viennensium lib. 4. with other Tracts .

Iac. f f Natione Hispanus vir fuit ingenii & doctrinae magnitudine . Nobilissimus . Biblioth. Script . Societ . Jes. A Philippe Alegambe ●dita . Ledesma .

He hath written a book De divinis Scripturis in quavis lingua non legendis .

Legenda .

Vulgò dicitur Legenda seu historia Lo●gobardica . N●and .

De Legendae aureae ( authore Iacobi de ▪ Voragine ) in ipsa Hispania à Ludovico Vive ▪ de Caus. corrupt . art. l. 2. & Melchiore Cano de loc. Theol. l. 11. ● . 6. jamdudum lata est sententia , ferreioris cum virum ●uisse , atque plumbei cordis . Episc. usser . De Britannic . Eccles. Primord . c. 1.

It was called Aurea Legenda the golden Legend , by the Papists , for the excellency that it seemed to have above all other stories .

It contains a report of the Lives and Miracles of the Saints , a book written by a man of a leaden heart for the basenesse of the errours that are without wit or reason , and of a brasen forehead , for his impudent boldnesse in reporting things so fabulous and incredible .

Io. Lelandus , a famous Antiquary . Lelandas genere Britannus in suae gentis antiquioribus monumentis proferendis homo apprimè diligens . Bu●ban . Rerum Scotic . Hist. l. 2. Ego quidem ingentem numerum scriptorum tractantium res Britannicas diligenter excussi . Lel. Comment. In Cign . Can● .

He wrote four books de viris illustribus , ●ive de scriptoribus Britannicis : It is pity it is not printed . That Manuscript is in Oxford Library .

Hoc opus magna diligentia , cura , & labore congessimus , atque adeò jam in temos quatuor digessimus , ne Britanniae nostrae , fama tot eruditorum , & elegantium scriptorum deperiret . Quotus enim quisque est hac nostra ●tate , vel inter eruditos , qui rectè norit quos literarum flores Britanniae hortus protulerit . Certè ut ingratitudini● notam multi in hac parte ●luant , nunquam profectò desidiae maculam abstergent . Lelandi Comment. In Cygneam Cantionem .

Civis Londinensis sum , nec me patriae paenitet meae . Speroque aliquando futurum , ut nec illam sui qualiscunque poeniteat alumni .

Nulli nota magis domus est sua , quàm mihi certè Omnia Londini sunt monumenta mei . Id. ibid.

There are some of his Works published ,

Assertio inclytissimi Arturi Regis Britanniae .

Ge●ethliacon Edw. 6ti .

Cignaea Cantio , with a Comment , which is his best book printed . He himself in his Peroration saith thus of it , Iam praestiti quod sum pollicitus , & Commentarii qualescunque mei in Cygneam cantionem prodeunt , opusculum ex penetralibus reconditae , & sacrosanctae antiquitatis religiosè erutum , & diligentia , cura , fide quant● potui planè maxima in lucidum ordinem redactum .

Laevinus Lemnius * * Excellenti Medicus ingenio , formaque egregia , ut vel aspectu suo & eloquentia aegros recrearer . Scripsit eleganti stilo varia omnium artium Candidatis apprimè utilia . Melch. Adam . in ejus vita . , a Learned Physitian .

He wrote ,

Explanationem similutudinum , quae ex fructibus herbisque in sacris bibliis desumuntur .

De habitu & constitutione corporis .

De occul●is naturae miraculis , ac variis rerum documentis libros quatuor , multipli●i eruditione refertos , with others .

Leo Hebraeus . There was also Leo Iud● , Ebraicae linguae peritissimus . Pezel . Mellif . Histor. Vide Biblia .

Fortasse Mutiensis qui scripsit de ritibus Hebraeis .

Leo the first Pope . Leo Papa primus fuit Ecclesiasticae dictionis Tullius , sacrae Theologiae Homerus , rationum fidei Aristoteles , authoritatis Apostolicae Petrus , & in Christiano pulpito Paulu● . Trithem , de Scriptor . Eccles.

A Learned man but proud enough Leo M. primus Episcopus fuit Romanus , & quidem ambitiosissimus . Cham. de Occumen . Pontif. l 3. c. 4.

His Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue .

Leo decimus , Leo the tenth , Anno Dom. 450. Leo Decimus Angeli Politiani discipulus , elegantium litterarum amantissimus , ipse quoque eleganter doctus . Sub hoc Pontifice Ciceroniana valui● eloquentia : nam illi priores nondum eo condescenderant . Camp. de Imit . Rhetor. c. 31. Ioannes Medices Cardinalis , qui postea Leo Papa Angelum Politianum à prima aetate institutorem habuit , Picoque Mirandulano , Marsilio Ficino familiariter usus est , ●nde tańtus ei literaturae politioris amor , non solum enim elegantissimas Epistolas , quae ad manum sunt , conscripsit , sed & poetica laude clarus habitus est , cum referen●e Jobo nullo negotio , versus ex tempore funderet : nec minus ei literae quam Nicolao 5 to debent . Nomenclat . Sanctae Rom. Eccles. Card. Bembum , Sadoletum , Lilium Gregorium Gyraldum in famulis habuit . Joannem Lastarem in Graeciam misit , ut omnibus ibi Bibliothecis excussis Va●icanam repleret , cui Philippum Beroaldum juniorem donec majores illi parare● honores praéfecit . ●d ib. Vide Platinam de vitis Pontificum Romanorum , & Pi●r . Va●●●ian . De Littetatorum intaelicitate . l. 1.

As one whose birth and education was noble , he adorned the Papacy with many good parts which he brought into it , amongst which were his singular Learning in humanity , goodnesse , and a marvellous sweet manner in treating of affairs , together with a pleasing behaviour , more then humane , joyned with incomparable liberality , and a great inclination to favour those that were Learned , and endowed with any extraordinary quality ; which vertues were not found in that Sea of a long time before , neither equall nor near unto his . And he would have been a Pope absolutely compleat , if with these he had joyned some knowledge in things that concern Religion , and some more propension unto piety , of both which he seemed carelesse . Hist. of the Counc . of Trent , l. 1. parag. 12.

He was son unto Laurence Medices , and had to his great grandfather Cosmus , that was the great honour of that House . Leo was made Cardinall when he was but thirteen years old : his successor was Adrian the 6th a Hollander . Sl●id . Comm●nt . l. 3. p. 34.

He died at Rome in the year of his age 47 , of his Popedome the 8th .

He departed not without the suspicion of poysoning .

Paulus Iovius hath written four Books de vita Leonis decimi . See his 3d d and 4th books especially .

There is a medall , where there is Leo the tenth of one side of it , and Roma aeterna on the other , and this a little before the rise of Luther .

Leo Imperator . His Works are in Greek and Latine .

There are his Tactica , sive de re militari , cum notis Iomeursii . Canticum compunctionis , and other Works .

Ioannes Leo of Africa .

A man for his fidelity , amongst the Learned in the Eastern Languages and Histories of very good esteem .

There is his Geographicall description of Africa .

Nicolaus Leonicenus , a Learned Physitian .

He taught above 60 years at Ferraria , and lived till 96. He said , Se viridi vegetaque uti senecta , quia castam juventutem virili aetati tradidisset .

There is his

Quaestio de tribus doctrinis ordinariis .

De falsa quarundam herbarum inscriptione à Plini● .

De morbo Gallico , and other Works . Cujus etiamnum extant Dialogi decem Academicorum more Confecti , de varia praeteres historia libri tres in multa capita divisi jucundissimi lectu , & ad utriusque linguae historiarum multiplicem cognitionem apprimè conducibiles . Neand. ●●og . parte 1 ● .

Nicolaus Leonicus Thomaeus , a Learned Venecian .

Leonardus * * Natione Belga , in Brabantia tenui loco natus . Lossius , Anno salutis 1554.

He hath written De Iustitia a a Hoc opus omnibus numeris absolutum implevit orbem terrarum fama & fructu . Biblioth. Scriptorum . Soc. Jesu A Philippo Alegambe edita . In Jure utroque , Mathematicis disciplinis , medicâ , Historica , ac Graecanicae in primis linguae peritiâ , nullo u●us magisto . Valeri Andreae . Bilblioth . Belg. & Iure , and other subjects .

He hath written a book entituled Consultatio quae fides & Religio sit Capessenda , which was translated into English .

It is answered by Meisner , but better by Henricus Brandius in his Examen Consultationis Lessianae .

R. Levi Ben Gerson .

He hath written a Commentary on the Proverbs of Solomon .

Io. Lewenclaius , a Learned and famous man , who hath translated many of Industrius ac fidelis harum rerum scriptor . Thuan. hist. Tom. 1. l. 12. Leoncla●ius in erudito opere , quod Pandecten Historiae Turcicae inscripsit . Voss. De vitiis Sermonis l. 2. c. 10. Gregory Nazianzens Works into Latine , and added Greek expositions , translated also by him .

He hath written severall Treatises ,

Iuris Graeco-Rom . tam Canonici quam Civ . To. 2.

Historiae Musulmanae Turcarum cum aliis Tractat. and many other Treatises .

Libanius the Sophister was born at Damascus . A very eloquent man .

Many of his Greek Orations were printed at Rome in one Volume , among which also there is one , which contains the Elogy and Encomium of Iulian the Apostate his Scholar .

There be many Epistles of his to Basill , and his answers again to him .

Library .

Chrysologus saith , a good Library is the only Paradise in the world .

Some b b Bibliothecae Alexandrinae instructissimae in qua studio ac sumptibus P●olomaei Philadelphi laudatissimi principis deposita fuerunt , in omni doctrinarum ac linguarum eruditarum genere voluminum septingenta millia manuscripta , Biblia etiam Graeca ac Hebraea , a septuaginta duobus interpretibus Judaeis Graece conversa & aureis literis descripta , meminêre tùm multi alii Graeci & Latini scriptores , tum etiam inter caeteros Gellius , Livius , Seneca , Galenus , Iosephus & Epiphani●● . Neand. Geog. part . 3. Vide Rev. Episc. Usser . Annal. 4437. much commend that famous Library of Ptolomeus Philadelphus at Alexandria : Ram● c c Ergo florentissima bibliotheca illa à Cosmo instituta , à Laurentio non solum tabulis & signis excellentium artisicum , sed ●ot tantisque Latinorum Graecorum que virorum vigiliis & monimentis ornata , publicis studiosorum desideriis , tam grandibus impensis dicata , omnes orbis bibliothecas longissime superavit . Rami Mathemat . praefat. 3 ●i● . highly extols that of Cosmo de Medicis at Florence : Some magnifie the Popes Vaticane at d d Angel . Rocc . Biblioth. Apost. Vatic . Rome . Others , and justly , that of ours in e e Iames. praefat. ad Catal. & Wake Rex Platon . Oxford .

Paulus Gualdus in the Life of Pinellus much commends his Library . Bibliotheca ejusdem , quae inter omnes penè Italicas , ac fere dixerim Europaeas , una eminebat . Quinquaginta annorum opus fuit , magni ex eo saltem aestimandum , quod accuratissimus vir in illud unum contulerit curas suas omnes & cogitationes : Librorum numerum mihi incompertum , ex eo investigare quis poterit , quod Neapolim post ejus obitum capsae librariae plus minus centenae tricenae delatae sunt .

Lipsius hath written a book De Bibliothecis .

And Angelus Roccha at the end of his Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana hath an Appendix , De Bibliothecarum Inventione & Incremento .

Duncanus Liddelius , a Scottish Doctor of Physick .

He hath put out these Works ,

Ars Medica .

De Febribus .

De Diaeta .

He was an eminent Professour of the Mathematicks , Scholar to Tycho Brahe .

Fridericus Lidembruchius . Vir eruditissimus , & propter singularem morum probitatem mihi Charissimus . Casaub. in Capitoli● .

He hath written Observations upon Ammianus Marcellinus , and also Observations upon Iornandes , Isidore and Paulus Diaconus .

Iohn Lightfoot .

A Learned Doctor of Divinity , well skilled in the Hebrew Text and the Rabbines , A Staffordshire man . as his divers Learned Works shew .

Harmony on the Old Testament .

Harmony of the New Testament .

On the Acts.

Temple Service .

Miscellanies , and Sermons .

Gulielmus Lilius . Summo vir ingenio & doctrina , eum suae novae Scholae , quam Londini erexerat , primum praeceptorem elegerit , in qua annos quindecim docendo se exercuit , scripfit compendium Grammaticae per utile . Ltl. Gyrald . de Poet. nostri temporis Dial. 2.

One of the prime Poets of those times .

Insignem ex optimis literis laudem tulit Gulielmus Lilius , qui primus cives suos Latinè , atque disertè loqui feliciter docuit . Pauli Jovii Britannia .

Thomas Linacer vel Linacrus , an Englishman . He was the Physitian of Henry Homo praecellentis judicii , qui inter multa praeclara opera collegium medicorum Londini , anno 1525. instituit . Cai● de lib. prop. In arte Grammatica Thomas Linacer , à quo multa sunt Latinae linguae mysteria ostensa , ac ●ine impieta●e prodita . Lud. Viv. de Tradend . Discip. lib. 3. Quem Io. Claymundus Comment. in librum C. Plinii . 7. c. 51. Anglorum praecipuum lumen ac singulare dec●● vocat . Middendorpius pro Cantabrigiensi habendum censuit , quem Collegii omnium animarum Socium fuisse Oxoniae Archiva testantur . ●wine Antiq. Acad. Oxon. Apol. l. 3. Linacro ingresso Vaticanam Bibliothecam Romae , & Graecos codices evoluenti , supervenit Hermolaus Barbarus , ad pluteumque humaniter accedens , non tu hercle , inqui● , studiose ho●pe , uti ego planè sum , Barbarus esse potes , quòd lectissimum Platonis librum ( is erat Phaedrus , ) diligen●er evoluas . Ad id Linacrus lae●o ore respondit , Nec tu sacrate heros , alius esse jam potes , quàm illi fama notus Patriarcha Italiorum Latinissimus . Ab hac amicitia ( uti casu evenit , feliciter conflata ) egregiis demum voluminibus ditatus , in Britanniam rediit : datusque est praeceptor Arcturo Regis filio cui dic●●●● Procl● Sphae●am legimus . Paul . Iov . Elog. Doctorum Virorum . the 8th , and Master to Prince Arthur .

A great Physitian and Grammarian , excellently skilled in Greek and Latine . He eloquently turned many of Galens Works into Latine , Galeni nitidissimus interpres . He put forth an excellent Work a litttle before his death , de emendata structura Latini Sermonis .

Linacer Grammaticorum doctissimus . Beza in Act. 10. v. 15.

Gulielmus Lindanus . Guliel 〈…〉 Li 〈…〉 ex illustri , apud Dordrechtenses Linda●●r●m familia ortus , plurima scripsit , quorum bene longum Catalogum videre est apud A●dream Valerium & Franciscum Swertium in Athenis Beligicis . Boxhorn . Theat. Holland .

He was born at Dort in Holland . He was commended by Gregory the 13th in the Conclave of Cardinals .

Petrus f f Poeta laureatus & clarus , in suo rerum memorabilium Commentario . Olai Wormii literatura Danica cap. 6. Lindebergius .

He hath put out

Hist. rerum in Europa gestarum . Poemata .

Aloysius Lippomanus . Erat alicujus certe eruditionis , magnae vir industriae & laboris , sed judicii nullius vel prudentiae . Montacut . Antidiar . ad c. 6 , 7. Vide plura ibid.

He hath published

Catena in Gen.

In Psalmos 10 Priores .

De Sanctorum Historiis .

Iustus Lipsius . He was born at Bruxels . Antiquas Loctiones conscripsit , quae in Plauto potissimùm emendando versantur . Cornelium deinde Tacitum , historicum omnium prudentissimum , in manus sumsit , notisque primùm Coloniae illustravit : quem scriptorem neque notum satis ant●● , neque luce aut medicina digna donatum , bono publico ipse produxit , Plenum postea Commentarium Lugdun . Batavis adjecit . Placuit is labor universae Europae : & multi deinde , quasi muscae , ad odorem bonae famae convolarunt , atque in eodem mustaceo , quod dicitur , lauream quaesiverunt . In his M. Antonius Muretius , Iosias Mercerus , Ludovicus Aurelius , Galli ; Curtius Pic●●na , Iulius Salinerius , Annibas Scotus , Itali ; Emanuel Sarmientus Mendoza , Hispanus ; Ianus Gruterus , Belga ; Savillus , Britannus , alii . Aubert . Mirai Elogium Iusti Lipsi● . Enim verò quid tesellato Politicorum opere sublimius , quid illo De un● Religione Commentario divinius ? ●d ibid. Vide plura ibid. Iustus Lipsius brevem , sed auream , ut de aliis ferè omnibus solet , Epistolicam institutionem suis dictavit Adolescentibus . Possev . Biblioth. Select . Tom. 2. l. 18. c. 1. Cui homini sane plurimum debet Tacitus , solertissimo ingenio , diligentia , judicio , ab eo correctus , illustratus . Quod necesse est agnoscant & fateantur etiam inviti , qui tanti viri singulari eruditioni invide & maligne detrahunt . Merceri Not. in Tac.

Criticorum phosphorus nitidissimus J. Lipsius . Dilh. Disput. Acad. Tom. 1. Criticorum superioris seculo princeps . Meibom . Maecen . c. 3.

He put out Variarum lectionum libri when he was scarce 19 years old , he cals it ingenii sui tyrocinium .

Some much commend his Politicks , others think he is much beholding to others for it . Cest Juste Lipse , qui n'a rien mis du sien dans ses Politiques que des adverbes & des conj●nctions . Apologie Pour M. De Balzak .

Thompson in his Vindex veritatis adversus Iustum Lipsium , saith thus of his Diva virgo Aspricollis . Hic tuus truncus non magis est Diva , non magis est Virgo , quam tu Iustus , etsi illi Divae & Virginis nomen dedisti , tibi Justi arrogasti . Habeat ergo uterque suum : sit illa truncus tu Iodocus .

What pity is it , that so high a wit should in the last act be subject to dotage . All the masculine brood of that brain we cherished , and ( if need were ) admired : but these his silly Virgins , the feeble issue of distempered age , who can abide ? Dr Hals Dec. Epist. 5.

When he lay a dying he prayed thus : ô mater Dei adsis famulo tuo cum tota aeternitate decertanti , nec me deseras in ista hora , à qua pendes aeternae animae meae salus . Miraeus . Drexellius . Melch. Ad. and he cried out , Domine Iesu , da mihi patientiam Christianam .

Henry Stevens hath written a Book De Lipsii Latinitate .

He reckons up there tres seculi nostri Ciceromastiges Angelus Politianus , Desiderius Steph. De Lipsii Latinitate Palaestra 1a p. 144 , 145 , 146. Erasmus and Lipsius . To Lipsius that is objected ( saith he ) Quod Ciceronis stylum non satis aptum . Scribendis Epistolis dixerit . Praeterea laudantur ab ipso Epistolae Politiani , qui primus inter Ciceromastiges collocatur . His accedit , quòd Ciceronianistas ( qui vulgo Ciceroniani vocantur ) ac nominatim Petrum Bembum , Sibi gloriam famamque quaesivit , ac multorum in se studia dictionis novitate , convertit ▪ illud enim Latine scribendi genus induxit , quod proprium est suum , nec aliorum : & quemadmodum Ciceronis studiosi ▪ Ciceroniani vocantur , ita etiam qui ad 〈…〉 stylum se exercent ▪ Lip●●●ni appellantur . Genus orationis est breve , concisum , verbis inops , ●●ebrò incidens , nunquam serè circuitum , & quasi orbem verborum , ●pta atque eleganti compositione consiciéns . Iani Nicii Err●hraei Pi●acotheca . 3. Vide plura ibid. alicubi insectatur .

Some entitle his Book de Constantia liber plant aureas , yet others say he was very inconstant himself .

Literae variae , Letters or Epistles . See Epistles . Litera● Cardinalium Derroni & D ▪ Os●at gallic● : quas quia ad historiam Ecclesiasticam & politicam non parum conferunt , longe satiùs est linguae Gallicae causa legi à Theologo , quam Epistolas Troncheti aut Balsaci , aut similes . Vo●i . Biblioth. Studios . Theol. l. 2.

Una quidem Epistola est , quae literarum nomine signatur sed ea verè multis constat literis . Voss. De Anal. l. 1. c. 38.

There are certain most godly , fruitfull and comfortable Letters , of such true Saints and holy Martyrs of God , as in this Realm gave their lives for the defence of Christs holy Gospell , written in the time of their affliction and cruell imprisonment .

Thomas Littleton , a grave and Learned Judge of the Court of Common-pleas , sometimes of the Inner Temple .

His Tenures is a Book of sound and exquisite Learning , comprehending much Sr Edw. Cookes I reface to the 10th part of his Reports . of the Marrow of the Common Law .

I affirm and will maintain it against all opposites whatsoe●●● , that Li●tletons Tenures , is a Work of as absolute perfection in his kinde , and as free from errour , as any Book that I have known to be written of any humane Learning .

Edw. Lively , the Professour of Hebrew in Cambridge , and very skilfull in that Cui in erat in summa doctrina summa modestia . Montacut . Antidiat . ad Exercit. 3. Vide Gatakeri Cinnum . c. 9. Language .

He hath written an Exposition on five of the small Prophets , and a little book of Chronology in English .

But there is a large Latine Chronology also of his , which * * Lectori indicabo Eduard●●● Liveleum in opere Chronologico suo nondum edito , &c. In toto hoc argumento Chronologico Iosephum Scaligerum virum maximum maxime ad mirans , non rarò tamen ab eo dissentit : verùm ita ▪ ut modestiam priùs laudes an doctrinam non scias . Casaub. Exercit. 16. ad Annal. Baron . Num. 34. An. 34. Casaubone commends , as worthy to be published . This Book B. Usher hath , and he quotes it in his Book De Macedonum & Asianorum Anno Solari , c. 3. in Chronologiâ nondum editâ , vir doctissim●● Edovardus Liveleius .

Titus Livius . Latinae historiae princeps . Eras. Ep. l. 28. Epist. 15.

Petrus Crinitus ● . 7. De Honesta Disciplina c. 12. saith his History was divided by him into Books not Decades .

Neque partitiones decadum ab ipso Livio sunt , quod professorem Humanitatis ignorare Veteribus rerum Romanarum scriptis ab origine repetitis , rectoqu● & accurato judicio perpensis atque comparatis , edidit historiam Dominio ●● Imperio Romano dignam . Praefat. ad Antiq. Eccles. Britan. Vide Boxhorn Monum . Clar. Vir. Magnitudine quidem & majestate operis ante omnes . Diffusus ille & placidus , in Concionibus maximè disertus . Patavini●●● ei object● ab Asinis , id est , nisi fallor , sermonis quaedam peregrinitas , nec tam in verbis quam stylo toto . L●● . No● . ad 1. lib. Polit. Vide Pignor. Symb. Epist. Ep. 44. Ante alios Livius qui praeterquam quod pu●e adeò & perspicuè scribat , quodque exempla ac praecepta ad fert , quae Dei providentiam doceant , at prudentiam augeant mor●lem ac civilem ; etiam orationes habet in vario admodum argumento multum profuturas eloquentiae studioso ▪ Vossius De Studiorum Ratione . non decebat , antiqui enim Grammatici non Decades , sed libros agnoscunt . Pignor. Symb. Epist. Ep. 44.

Benius criminatur Livianam phrasi● , facere operae precium , quod neque Ciceroni● sit , neque Terentiana : at num ideo minus Latina ? affirmet cui cornea fibra est . Ego utique non affirmabo qui sciam , linguam Latinam debere uni Livio magnam copiam genuinae elocutionis quam apud Ciceronem & Terentium frustra quaerimus . Ut ●●re vocaverit novitius Livii editor omnis latinitatis refertissimum . Id. ibid. Vide plura ibid.

CHAP. X.

A Loysius a a Italicae eruditionis , & Episcopalis apici● ( dum viveret ) clarissimum decus . Pign . Symb. Epistol. Ep. 50. Lollinus , Episcopus Bellunensis .

There are his Episcopalium curarum characteres .

Peter b b Is enim cum in fascem seu congeriem quandam locos antiquorum Theologorum quam ▪ plurimos pro suo arbitrio delectos ad subtilitatem magis quam ad utilitatem aedificationemque pertinentes , collegisset , sententiarumque appellatione deornasset , evenit ut ejusmodi ita consarcinatum opus plurimorum illius saeculi hominibus Sophistices avidissimis arriserit pacueritque . Hinc autem factum est , ut ipsum opus Magistri Sententiarum , & ipsum authorem Principis Theologorum , titulis insigniverunt . Postea autem qui huic sub●ili Theologiae ( quam Scholasticam Speculativamque nominarunt ) operam dabant , incubuere omnes certatim ad illud opus Sententiarum Commentariis illustrandum , seu veriùs Conspurcandum . Gentiles . Apol. pro Christianis Gallis Relig. Evangel. c. 18. Parisiensis Episcopus , quem omnes Theologorum Scholae singulari quadam venerationis excellentia Magistrum sententiarum appellant , & in cujus Theologiae compendium innumerabilia disputationum volumina eruditissimi Clarissimarum to●o Christiano orbe Academiarum Theologi elaborarunt . Sixt. Seuens . Biblioth ▪ Sanct. l. 4. Quamvis Lombardus Magister appellatur , tamen discipuli ejus non omnia probant , quae ipse docuit , notantur enim ad calcem libri à Parisiensibus 26 articuli , in quibus velut erroneus rejicitur . Gerh. Confess . Cathol l. 1. General . part. 2. c. 15. Lombard , Anno Dom. 1140. the Father of the Schoolmen .

He was sirnamed Master of the Sentences , because of the four books of Sentences composed by him , and collected out of the Fathers . He died in the year 1164. The Commentary which Thomas Aquinas made on Lombards Book of the Sentences was so well liked , that he was after Commented upon by fourscore Divines whose names and lift are to be found within the laborious Book of Gesners Bibliotheca .

Quamvis in eo opere Papatum confirmet pro virili multa tamen exciderunt , quae Pontificio errores oppugnant . Illyr. Catal. Test. Ver. l. 15.

Lombardus inter omnes Papistas optimus & doctissimus . Apol. Rog. Aschani pro Caena Domini .

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him ,

Quid non Lombardo Parasina Academia debet ; Qui sanctae reserat limina prima Scholae ?

Dionysius Longinus , a very great Master of Rhetorick .

He hath written a small Book 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , de grandi sive sublimi genere orationis . Cum notis viri Cl. Guil. L.

Christ . Longomontanus , a great Mathematician .

He hath put out these Works ,

Astronomia Danica . Ego enim Macliniae sum natus , Macliniae educatus , Germanicae linguae & Caesarum ditionis oppido , cum aliis laudibus multis illustri , tum verò Philippi & Caroli Hispaniae regum incunabulis percelebri . Longol . Orat. Vide ejus vitam . Dijudicari vix potest , Germaniae Maclinia sit an Galliae : Facit lingua , imperium , vulgi opinio ut Germaniae adscribenda videatur . Rursus hominum ingenia , mores , victus , vestitus , ac ille gentium omnium celebratus monumentis Galliae ac Germaniae limes Rhenus eam Galliae adjudicat . Quae quidem mihi causa est , ut utrisque honestissimè cupiam . Longol . Epist. l. 3. Baptegna●i . Juvenis cum ad omnes bonas disciplinas , cum ad eloquentiam factus . Eras. Epist. l. 11. Epist. 5. Ille satis magnam laudem r●lit , periit Ciceronianus . Id. l. 20. Epist. Epist. 9. Vir in literis magnus , futurus maximus , si fata didissent longius aevum . Id. l. 27. Epist. 11. Vide etiam Epist 38. Nimia cura imitationis bonam naturam Corrupit . Verba habet Ciceroniana , mira religionis ac superstitionis observatione ; sensus est ineptior propterea quod dicta grandia rebus exiguis aptabat . Ludov. Viv. in opusc . de conscrib . Epist. Gesneri Biblioth. Si M. Tullio Ciceroni eloquentiae primas damus ; meritò Transalpinorum omnium eloquentissimus audit Longolius , qui peritè admodum verba illius singula rebus aptando sublegit . Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica . Conditus est Patavii in D. Francisci , habitu ejusdem ordinis , ut Picus antea Mirandulanus , & è nostri . Rudolphus Agricola . Id. ibid. Cibi & potus erat parcissimus , mero nunquam , dilutissimo semper utebatur , maximè vero frigidae po●u delectabatur : quo etiam saepius usus fuisset , nisi medici , quòd maxime inimicum stomacho dicerent , eum magnopere detetruissent . Somno parum indulgebat , cum plurimum , non amplius sex horas dormiebat . Reliqua genera voluptatum summus ille ardor in studia literarum ita restinxit , ut nulla prorsus in eo aliarum rerum cupiditas appareret . Longolii vita . Vide plura ibid.

Cyclometria verè & absolutè in ipsa natura Circuli cum rectilineo inventa .

Christopher Longoly , born at Machlinia a famous Town in Germany , buried at Padua , a man excellently Learned , and a great Ciceronian , omnium Ciceronianissimus . Lud. Viv. de Caus. Corrupt . art. l 4. Longolius l. 4. Epist. Nic. Draconi commends Tully much .

He hath written three Orations , four Books of Epistles .

He died when he was scarce 34 years old .

Exilis est in sententiis , non luculentus in verbis , ut tamen de eo , si vitae contigisset usura diutur nior , bene censeam sperandum fuisset . Sed ut nunc est , mea quidem sententia nullus est , quid enim affert exquisitum ? quid singulare , quid non vulgatum , non ex quotidiana consuetudine , usuque sumptum . Paul . Manut. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 4. Vide plura ibid.

Eum ut in sententiis exilem & in verbis minimè luculentum aspernantur Itali homines , qui parem in hoc laudis genere nullum ferre possunt . Scaev. Samarth . Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. Vide Boxhorn . Theat. Holland . p. 299.

Petrus Lorichius Abbas . He hath put out Poems . Anno 1544 ▪ abjecto Papismo Evangelium pure praedicavit ipse , & quos antecessores in pigros monachos contulerunt sumptus , ipse in educationem puerorum ingenuorum liberalem impendit , inter quos etiam fuit nepos ipsius ex fratre Petrus Lorichius , qui se secundum , quod patruo cognominis esset , dixit : Cui multum debet poesis elegantior . Scultet . de Curriculo vitae .

Io. Lorinus , a French man . He was Professor of Divinity at Paris , Millain , Rome .

He hath written upon a great part of the Scripture .

Lucanus . Uxor Lucani Polla Argentaria post excessum mariti Pharsaliam ejus emendavit : imò & viventem in carmine dicitur adjuvasse . Vossius de Poetis Latinis c. 3. Vide ejus l. 1. De Historicis Latinis . c. 26. Lucani carmen plurimum habet virium , ut etiam bellicis sint propè pares , nec praelia videatur canere sed committere , & tonare Classicum , eodemque ardore arma scribere , quo Caesar tractavit , ita ut illum quorundam aures tanquam sonum vastum ac immodicum non ferant . Lud. Viv. de tradend . Discip. l. 3. Fuit Cordubensis ex Annaea familia , ut scitis , in qua plerique insignes doctrina viri nati ▪ ut Gallio , Seneca , Mela , alii . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Hist. Dial. 14. Vide Strada prolus. Acad. l. 2.

His life was written by Suetonius .

Lucanus ardens & concitatus , & sententiis clarissimus , & ut dicam quod sentio , magis oratoribus quam poetis annumerandus . Quintill . Instit. Orat. l. 10. c. 1.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him ,

Carmina mellistui non ambio docta Maronis ; Sunt sua Lucano , sunt sua Virgilio .

Lucian the Atheist , he doth promiscuously scoff at all Religion , he reproacheth Anno Aeroe Christianae 98. Helv. 104. Calvis . Christ and Moses .

There are many of his Books and Dialogues extant , which were printed in Greek and Latine at Basill in Octavo , with learned Annotations . Luciani verba sunt tersa & phrasis di●ucida . Lud. Viv. de trad. discip . l. 3. Lucian●● ille blasphemus , fuit concionator primum Antiochiae , postea defecit ad gentiles , & tandem à Canibus dilaceratus est . Suidas . En coryphaeum ipsum & magistrum nostrorum omnium Atheorum , verò sentinam & cloacam vitiorum , Scurram dico & Apostatam Samosatensem Lucianuns , qui primis eis hanc Scholam circa Trajani tempora aperuit ; quique tam effiaeni insolentia Deum ac divina omnia subsannavit , ut in Atheorum cognomen , illius nomen jam abierit , & ab eo Luciani , aut Lucianista , merito nuncupentur . Pro nugis iste ac annum fabulis habebat sacra eloquia : Prophetas , & Apostolos , praestigiatores , & impostores , Christum ipsum de palo suspensum sophistam , rabido ore & blasphemâ voce spureissimus nebulo nominabat . Crakanth . De prov . Dei .

He was torn to death by dogges .

Lucianus festivissimus & politissimus scriptor . Turneb . Advers. l. 18. c. 8.

Caius Lucilius * * Satyra quidem tota nostra est , in qua primus insignem laudem adeptus est Lucilius , qui quosdam ita deditos sibi adhuc habet amatores , ut cum non ejusdem modo operis autoribus , sed omnibus poetis praeferre non dubitent . Quintil. Instit. Orat. Vide Crinit . De Poet. ●at . l. 1. c. 9. l. 10. c. 1. , Acerrimi poeta ingenii , miraeque eruditionis , atque urbanitatis Lucilius ex Arunca urbe . Polit. Praelect. In Persium . Vide plura ibid

Versus Lucillii ipsa raritate & paucitate suavitatem consequuntur , etsi enim versibus aliorum poetarum comparandi non sunt : tamen quadam illecebra & invitatione nos capiunt & deliniunt . Turneb . Advers. l. 27. c. 9.

Lucius * * Lucius Rex Britannicus , Omnium ut opinor principum primus , qui Christianam fidem amplexus palam , subditis etiam publicè amplectenda●● proposuit . God●in● ▪ de Conversione Britanniae ad Relig. Christ . Vide Antiq. Eccles. Britan. p. 4 , & 5. .

The first Christian King of this Land .

He founded St Peters Church in Cornwall , the ancientest Church in London .

Titus Lucretius the Poet. Vide Pet. Crinit . de Poetis Latinis . l. 2. c. 19. Nemini dubium esse potest , Lucretium inter eos , qui carmine de rebus naturalibus scripsere , subtilem , argutum . enucleatum , limatum , elegantissimum esse , licet antiquorum obtineat in verbis , q●ibus magna ex parte exoletis , alia deinceps mitiora successerunt . Possev . Biblioth. Sel. tomo 2 do l. 17. Lucretius Poeta Epicuraeorum amatorio poculo in furorem versus , cum aliquot libros , per insaniae intervalla conscripsisset , quos Cicero emendavit , se ●ua tandem manu confecit , aetatis quadragesimo quar●o . Geneb . Chron. l. 2.

Lucretius optimus Latinitatis actor . Voss. de Anal. l. 2. c. 24.

Ludovicus Romanus . Celebris seculi sui Jurisconsu●tus , qui Concilio Basileensi interfuit & diem suum in eo obiit , sepultus Basileae . Gerh. Consess . Cathol.

Raym. Lullus , a very Learned man . He lived about the year 1290. Hunc ego inquirendo comperio , apud Anglos re quidem vera praestisse , quod suis libris pollicetur . Et in arce Lon●ini jussu regis probatissimum aurum confecisse , mihique genus nummi ostensum est , quod adhuc appellant nob●le Raymundi auri , viz. puri , & obrizi , summaeque judicaturae . R. ●onstantin . N●menclat . ●nfig . Script .

Martin Luther . Vide Polyd. Verg. De Invent . Rerum , l. 8. c. 4. Anno Aerae Christi 1483. nascitur . Calvis . Chron. Home nudus omni praesidio , non clam & per cuniculos insidias struxit ( ut fraterculi solent vitae Imperatorum & Principum ) sed aperto marte Monarchiam aggressus est Pontificiam , exerci●atissimos belli duces , Caje●anum , Sylvestrum , Eckium , alios instructissimos ab omni apparatus genere profligavit , & ingenti animo heroicoque ausu ▪ turrim aggressus Babylonicam , pene jam , quod foelix in posterum faustumque ●it , demolitus est . Mont●out . Antidiat . ● . Vide plura ibid.

Melancthon seeing his picture is said to have uttered this verse immediatly ,

Fulmina erant linguae singula verbatuae . Natus es Islebii Divine Propheta Luthere ; Relligio fulget te Duce , Papa Iacet . Johannes Stolsius . Lutherus Decimum confregit strage Leonem ; De clava noli quaerere , penna fuit . Maior .

Both his skill in Divinity was profound , and his tongue was eloquent to utter it . No marvell if the Lord suffered him some way to take a blow of Sat●n , and in some respect to be foiled , that he might humble him , and teach us to trust in God and not in men . Travers his Answ. to a Popish Treatise written to the LL. of the Councell .

He wrote in his house , Res & verba Philippus , Res sine verbis Lutherus , verba sin● re Erasmus .

He hath some lofty expressions , as I have noted * * Saints Incouragements . elsewhere .

Domini sumus ( saith he ) non tantum in casu Genitivo sed Nominativ● , not only of the Lord , but Lords .

His Book against Henry the 8th and contra Swirmeros is too bitter .

Agant quicquid possunt Henrici , Episcopi , atque adeò Turca , & ipse Satan . Nos regni filii sumus , qui illum consputum & occisum denuò ab istis Henricis Salvatorem colimus & expectamus . Calv. Epist. & responsa , p. 28. Vide plura ibid.

He wrote many things in Latine and high Germane .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones according to the order of time when he wrote them .

Beza in his Epitaphs hath these verses upon Luther , Paulus Lutherus a Physitian , brother to Martin Luther . There is Orat. de Vita & Morte ejus per Matth. Dresserum . And his life is written by Mel●h . Ad. among his Germane Physitians , as I remember .

Roma urbem domnit , Romam sibi Papa subegit , Viribus ille suis , fraudibus iste suis. Quantò isto major Lutherus , major & illa , Illum illamque uno qui domnit calemo ? I nunc , Alcidem memorato Graecia mendax , Lutheri ad calamum ferrea clava nihil .

Lycaphron Chalcidensis . Unus è septem Poetis , quibus Pleiades nomen à numerò tribuitur . Gesu . Biblioth.

An ancient and very obscure Poet.

Poetarum , siquis alius , imo ultra quam alius quis , dictionis extraneae atqu● insolentis , qui legentibus crucem figat . Gatak . De Novi Instrumenti Styli Dissertat . cap. 41.

Thomas Lydiat , a Learned Mathematician .

There are divers Works of his published .

Solis & Lunae periodus .

De variis annorum formis .

De natura caeli , & conditione Elementorum .

Praelectio Astronomica .

De origine fontium .

Disquisitio Philologica .

Defensio tractatus de variis annorum formis , contra Ios. Scaligerum .

Emendatio temporum . Vide Neand. Geog. Ocean ▪ Ins.

Nic. Lyranus * * Biblio●um apud Pontificios interpretes primarius . Gomari Anticosterus . . Anno Dom. 1320. 1334. faith Helvicus . Lyrator , or de Lyra.

Learned in Hebrew , Greek and Latine , and famous for his Notes upon the whole Scripture , according to the litterall sense .

He was a Jew born , but after turned Christian , that he might more fitly attend the reading of the Scriptures , which he endeavoured to explain by Annotations , he became a Franciscan Monk , as the opinion of those times swaied .

About the year 1322. he began to illustrate the Bible with Scholia , which Anno Aerae Christi 1322. Calvis . Chron. Nicolaus Lyranus Judaeus genere , post factus m●nachus Franciscanus Biblia Sacra Scholiis illustrare incipit . Calvis . Chronol. Nicola●● de Lyra , Natione Anglicus , ordinis fratrum minorum , vir in Scripturis sanctis studiosissimus , & longa exercitatione peritus , Hebraica lingua ad perfectum instructus , ingenio promptus , sermone Scholasticus , nec minus conversatione quam scientia venerandus . Trithem . de Script . Eccles. Natione Anglus , vel ut quidam scribunt , ex Lyra Brabantiae oppido , genere Judaeus , & Hebraicis literis à prima pueritia imbutus , Scholasticae Theologiae professor , tanta quoque divinarum Scripturarum vera , pura , ac germana intelligentia praeditus , ut in eis exponendis , nullum eruditissimorum Theologorum sui temporis habuerit parem . Sixt. Senens . Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Nicol. Lyranu● ex Judaeo linguae Hebraicae & rerum Judaicarum peritissimo ad Christianismum conversus ( ut refert Antoninus , tit. 24. c. 8. Sect. 2. ) quam vis superstitionibus sui temporis , utpote circa annum 1420. Franciscanorum cuculla suscepta imbutus : tamen literae Hebraicae & historiae veteris Testamenti doctissimus erat . Carol. Moli● . Annot. in Evangel. work within seven years after he finished and published . He distinguisheth and separates the Apocryphall books ( viz. Wisdom , Ecclesiasticus , Iudith , Tobias , the books of the Macchabees ) from the Canonicall . In that Work many things occurre , which do not agree with the Popish superstitions , and do demonstrate that Lyra could have exprest many things more fitly , if he had been born in a better age . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit.

The Papists have this saying of him ,

Nisi Lyra lyrasset Nemo nostrum saltasset .

CHAP. XI . M

NIcolaus Machiavellus , a great Historian . He lived in the age of Philip Historicus & secretarius Florentinus , floruit ante annos 80. Is sua historia impressa Italicè saepè clarè ostendit , ex ambitione & crudelitate Pontificum , pleraque mala ac bella Christianis provenis●e . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. Strozius , and Clement the 8th Pope .

Although his Politicks be full of poyson , yet since his history hath much hidden wisdom in it , some think the judicious and wary may reade it with profit .

Ioh. Macc●vius , a Learned Divine .

There is his Theologia Polemica , and another Work .

Macrobius . Some commend his Saturnals .

Qui dapibus partim emendicatis , partim suffuratis suas caenas instruxit . Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1. c. 22.

Georgius * * Rarae soelicitatis Poeta , plurima cùm sacra tum profana argumenta Comico stylo exornavit : exactae insuper diligentiae Grammaticus , utriusque linguae Rudimenta , & Dialectica non memoria modo , sed & litterarum monumentis complexus est . Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica . Macropedius , a learned Poet.

Caius Cilnius Maecenas .

He was Councellour to Augustus the Emperour , and so great a favourer and Horatius Ode . 1. Maecenatem vocat suum : — praefidiun● & dulce decus . In pace nempe decus , praesidium , cosumen & tutelam in bello . Meibomii Maecenas , c. 17. Fuit is & ipse elegantissimè doctus , & doctorum hominum patronus munificentissimus , ut & nomen ejus , jam à tot seculis posteritati transcriptum , jerit in proverbium , ac Maecenates dicantur , qui litterarum aut litteras amantium tutelam ac patrocinium in se recipiant . Meibomii vita Maecenatis . c. 1. countenancer of Learned men , that he hath conveyed his name to all the Patrons of Learning .

He favoured Poets above others , and advanced them . He exceedingly loved and favoured Virgill the Prince of Poets , & absque ipso fuisset , nos hodie & hujus & plurium aliorum monumentis careremus .

He also favoured Horace .

Otia dat nobis , sed qualia fecerat olim Maecenas Flacco Virgiloque suo . Mart. l. 1. Epigr. 108. ad Lucium Iulium .

Propertius also was his friend , and other Poets mentioned by Meibomius , c. 18. and there he addes this sentence , Ex tam propenso vero in literatos amore ac favore ●●d praemii inter caetera retulit Maecenas , ut celebriores doctissimorum hominum lucubrationes ipsius virtuti consecrarentur .

Ioannes Petrus Maffeius , a very eloquent Italian .

Hujus aevi Latinae linguae lumen , he in prose honoured his Country at the same time that Torquatus Tassus did it in verse , being his Countries Tully , as the other was its Virgill .

There are Epistolae Selectae published of his cum vita Ignatii Loiolae .

Raphael a a Vir fuit habitu corporis venusto , facundia elegante , & morum gravitate vitaeque sanctimonia clarus . Boissardi Bibliotheca . Maffeus , a most learned man , as his writings sufficiently testifie . His Works are mentioned by Boissard .

Ferdinandus b b Ferdinandus quidam Maegellanus , Natione Lusitanus , cui fretum Magellanicum una navigatione simul & immortalem gloriam , & mortem attulit . Boxhornii Historia Universalis . Magellanus .

He found out the straight of Magellane .

R. M. Mai●mon , or Rabbi Ben Maimon , Anno à Nativitate Christi 1131. D● hoc apud Hebraeos celcbratissimum fertur . elogium , quod A Mose usque ad Mosem non surrexit alter Moses , sicut iste , hoc est à Mose legislatore usque ad Mosem Aegyp●ium , non ●uerit ullus huic Mosi eruditione conferendus . Hunc Judaei Rambam , hoc est , Rabbi Mosem , Ben Maimonis vocant , nomen ipsius ac dignitatis ipsius , & patris ipsius unico vocabulo , ex quatuor capitalibus earundem appellationum literis composito , perstringentes , quod & in plerisque aliis Rabbinorum titulis facere solent . ●ixt . Senens Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Rabbi Moses Maimonides omnium Judaeorum doctissimus & acutissimus . Scalig. Canon . ●●agog . l. ● . Vide B●x●or● . Praefat. ad More Nevochim . Fuit autor iste candidus minimeque superstitio●us . Plus certè ▪ veritati add●ctus erat , quam naeniis importunis Neotericorum Judaeorum . Drus. in Tetragram . notae . Moses Maimonides Cord. ubae . natus , circa quadringentos octoginta ab hinc annos in Hispania floruit , ubi Judaeorum suorum juris , etiam quod ibi in usu erat scientissimus . Seldenus De Syned. Vet. Ebr. l. 3. c. 3.

One famous among Jews , Christians , and Mahometans .

He dwelt in Egypt , therefore Aegyptius dicitur .

He hath written a Book styled More Nevochim , Doctor Perplexorum , which because it seems too much to favour the Christians , the Jews generally conspired together , and thought to burn it , but it was so much dispersed through the whole world that they could not accomplish what they had intended . Drus. in Tetrag . N●t .

Mr Selden in his 2 d part de Syned . saith he hath five severall Editions of Maimonides , besides a Manuscript , and every edition hath somewhat that the other hath not .

The Aquinas of the Rabbins .

Inter Hebraeos celebratissimus , Merc. praefat. in lib. Iob. Celeberrimus inter . Iudae●s Maimonides . Constant. L'Empereur praefat. ad Itin. Benjam .

Diligentissimus Rabinorum Mosche ben Maymon Schickardi Ius Regium Hebraeorum . c. 1.

Io. Major Scotus .

Johannes Major qui in studio Theologiae , magnum nomen , me puero habuit . Buchan . Rer. Scot. Hist. l. 7.

He hath written Historiam Majoris Britanniae , and on four Books of the Sentences .

Cum scateat nugis solo cognomine Major , Nec sit in immenso pagina sana libro : Non mirum titulis quod se veracibus ornat : Nec semper mendax fingere Creta solet . Buchan . Epig. lib. 1.

This was much in Buchanan , Major being his Master .

M. Ant. Majoragius .

He hath written upon Aristotles Rhetorick , upon some of Tullies Works , and Orations of his own . Eruditissima Commentaria in quatuor Evangelistas meliora & integrio●a multorum judicio futura , si superstite autore edita fuissent : quibus tamen si pari diligentia elaboratae in Acta Apostolorum & Apostolicas Epistolas interpretationes , quas scripsisse illum constat , ●●im accedunt , hab●bunt profecto omnes docti & pii opus paucis in hoc genere comparandum , & quod unum multorum instar esee possit . Lansius Orat. pro Hispania . Vide Casaub. ad Front . Duc. Epist. p. 41. Vir judicii exasciati & veritatis Historicae Hyperaspistes , si quis alius , Iacobus Thuanus ( Hist. tom. 3. l. 79 ) alium nobis vita & moribus Maldonatum depingit , quam se nobis ille exhi●uit in Commentariis . Montacut . Orig. Eccles. Vide ejus Apparat. & Orig. Eccles. Tom. prior . part . poster . p. 26. & Antidiat . ad c. 23. Scripsit succinctos & literales Commentarios in Ieremiam , Ezechielem , Danielem . ●rae omnibus verò laudantur ipsius Commentaria in quatuor Evangelistas pau●o fusius & nervosius conscripta . Si●t . Se●ens . Bibli●th . Sanct. l. 4.

Maldonate , a Spaniard and a Jesuite .

Whose skill in expounding Scriptures ( save only where doting love unto their Church hath made him blinde ) none of theirs , few of our Church hath surpassed . Dr Iackson upon the Apost. Creed , first Vol. l. 3. c. 13. The most judicious Expositor among the Jesuites . Id. ibid. c. 15.

Some think him very arrogant and bitter , Vide Scalig. Elench. Trihaeres . Serar . cap. 11.

Others say that he read Lectures in Paris by way of preface ( before his Exposition of the Evangelists , ) of the Scriptures , and said that there was more Divinity in one Chapter of St Pauls Epistles , then in all Aquinas his Summes . Many Protestants frequented his Lectures , and he was suspected to be too favourable to them .

Ne ipsi quidem Calvinistae & Calvinistarum ministri ipsius praelectionibus abstinerent . Alegambe Biblioth. Script . Soc. Ies. Vide plura ibid.

Gulielmus Malmesbùriensis , a famous Historiographer of our own . Anno Dom. Inter quos cum & narrationis ●ide , & judicii maturitate principem locum teneat Gulielmus Malmesburien●is , homo , ut erant illa tempora , literate doctus , qui septingentorum plus minus annorum res tanta fide & diligentia pertexuit , ut è nostris propè solus historici munus explesse videatur . Savil. praefat. ad rerum anglicarum scripto●es . Vir erat ●uo saeculo in omni genere bona●um literarum plane eruditissimus , & in eruendis antiquitatibus ingenio , diligentia & industria singula●is . Balaeus De Script . Brytan . Cent. 2. 1130.

Io. Manaraus , a famous Physitian , who wrote 20 Books Epistolarum Medicinalium . Vir ▪ G●aecè & Latinè doctissimus rem medicam & naturae arcana iisdem vestigiis prosequitur , cujus rei specimen da●e possunt Epistolae quas proximo edidit . Eras. Epist. l. 20. Epist. 54.

M. Manilius , sive Manlius . Historiae ac Literaturae omnis indagator , floruit temporibus Marii & Syllae . Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 9.

He was a Poet at Rome in the time of Augustus the Emperour , to whom he dedicated his five Books of Astronomy , made in Hexameter verses .

Baptista Faustus Mantuanus , a Monk born at Mantua , as Virgill also was . Florebat Anno Christi 1494. Boiss . Icon. Laudo institutum piumque propositum , verùm extemporalis magis quam poeta maturus . Extant illius versus penè innumerabiles , ex quibus apud vulgus & barbaros quosdam laudem tantam est adeptus , ut unus propè poeta , & alter penè Maro haberetur , at bone Deus quam dispar ingenium . Nam ut ubique Maro perfectus , ita hic immodica & penè teme●aria ubique usus est licentia , quam & magis atque magis indies auxit . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Nostr . Temp. Dial. 1. Anno Dom. 1516. Obiit Baptista Ma●tuanus , omnium qui unquam fuerunt , fraterculorum doctissimus , anno ae●atis suae 72 vitae severitate , morumque sanctitate clarus , ac disciplinarum omnium scientissimus . Nemo aut pulchrius aut dulc●us poema scripsisse legitur . Wols . Lect. Memorab . Fuerunt ejus scripta tanto in precio & aestimatione , ut Baptistae Hispaniolae ( sic enim cognominabatur , licet Mantuae natus ) opera cum Vergilanis conferrentur . Boissardi Icones .

Poeta fuit doctus & pius . Bellarm. de Script . Eccles. He was a Learned and pious Poet.

Of that fame that he was made equall by some to the more ancient Poets even under Augustus : Amougst other verses of his wisely written also those are wont often to be used and rehearsed ,

Ambitiosus honos , & opes , & foeda voluptas , Haec tria pro trino numine mundus habet .

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him ,

Mantua foelicem genuit foecunda Maronem ; Haec eadem faustis me tulit auspiciis .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

He often grievously accuseth the Church of Rome .

Th●uet Vies des hommes Illustres . l. 6. confesseth he was Satyricall and discovered the abuses of Rome , and then saith he was a bastard , and gives many examples of famous men that were bastards .

Aldus Manutius Senior . Typographus Venetus , celeberrimus , laboriosissimus , & doctissimus , & qui ▪ primus è Bibliothecis manuscriptis plerosque Graecos autores in omni doctrinarum genere pulcherrimis typis excusos in publicum edidit . Nea●d . Geog. parte 1 ● . Vide Ia●i Nic. Eryth . Pinacoth .

He collected and published two famous Volumes , one which Henry Stevens lately reprinted at Genevah . Another which in 2 Tomes gives 700 Epistles , 40 Volumes of Greek Authours , rare and yet full of Learning , Wisdom and Eloquence .

He first also published a Volume of Greek Grammers .

Paulus a a Hic annus nobis eripuit duo magna Italiae & Germaniae lumin● , Paulum Manutium ct Ioachimum Camerarium . In Paulo quidem praeter exactam puritatis Latinae & Antiquitatis Romanae cognitionem , quam ad Ciceronem suum illustrandum attulit , plerisque scriptis dum vixit publicatis , & post mortem a filio Ald● virtutum paternarum haerede editis , &c. Thua● . Hist. Tom. 3. l. 59. Manutius his sonne , homo & diligentissimus & doctissimus . Turneb . Advers. l. 8. c. 24.

Besides many other Learned Writings ( as his Epistles ) he also published ten Books of the Roman Antiquities .

Aldus Manutius minor , Vir quidem eruditus , & in Antiquorum monumentis indagandis accuratissimus . Ang. Roccha .

A●gelus Roccha in his Appendix Bibl. Vatican , De Bibliothecis , quae adhuc extant , mentions three Manutii , Aldus , and his sonne Paulus , and Pauls sonne Aldus .

Aldus senior publicae consuluit utilitati , dum impressoriam artem miro exercuit studio , ut Latinam linguam , & Graecam , quas optime callebat , in pristinum splendorem , Ioanne Baptista Alberto , Nicolao Peroto Episcopo Sipontino , Francisco Philelpho , Io. Iucundo , Theodoro Gaza , Trapezumtio , Lascare , Chrysolora , Musuro , Urbano , & Bessarione ad eandem rem praestandam inscribendo ad laborantibus , typis perpulchris restituere .

Paulus autem Aldi filius Paulus Aldi filius , alter Cicero in Latine scribendo , Romanam linguam collabentem in pristinum nitorem studuit revocare , dum Latinorum monumenta diligenter scrutatus est .

Aldus denique junior Aldi nepos , & Pauli filius , dum Avum , & Patrem , & typis , ac scriptis imitatur , utriusque linguae non ignarus , Avum & Patrem imitatione repraesentat .

Gualt . Mapes . Vi● literatissimus Gualterus Mapes , Henrici secundi Anglorum Regis Clericus familiaris fuit . Romam visi●avit , & Pontificis vidit fastum execrandum . Vidit Cardinalium & Praelatorum superbiam , luxum , libidines , avaritiam , nec potuit , domum reversus , perditorum istorum nebulonum oblivisei , sed illos quam d●u vixit , Satyris aculeatissimis ad sanam mentem revocare , conatus est . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 14.

Archdeacon of Oxford , a man of an excellent wit , who in his verses points forth in lively colours the life of the Popes , and he describes also the exactions , rapines of the Court of Rome , the riot and pride of the Prelates , in a book of his entitled , Diversa Poemata , de corrupto Ecclesiae statu .

Samuel Maresius , a Learned French Divine , Professor of Groning . Principum virtutes ac vitia , ut optimus quisque scriptor summa fide notavit . Bod. Method . Hist. cap. 4. Fidei & judicii satis clarus est , modo styli . Lips . Not. ad 1. Lib. Polit. Vide plura ibid. Floruit sub Gratiano ac Valentiniano , ac libros scripsit 31. ex quibus tredecim primi deperierunt . Est verò hic scriptor gravis planè , ac serius , & dignus qui ab omnibus , ac Germanis praecipuè ametur . Mirificè enim illustrat veteris Germaniae situm , eóque m●●orem hac parte fidem meretur , quia in hoc stipendia ipse meruerit adversos Germanos . Dictio horridior est . Sed virtutes hujus scriptoris sunt tantae , ut hoc in rationem venire non debeat . Et quid mirum , si duri militis phrasis quoque duriuscula sit , homóque Graecus Graecas sapiat loquendi formas . Vossiu● De Histor. Lat. lib. 2. cap. 9.

His books are mentioned Vit. Profes . Groningae .

Ammianus Marcellinas . In the year of our Lord 361.

He writes a military and rough style , as himself confesseth .

He wrote 30 Books , beginning from the rule and dominion of Nerva , even to the death of Valens , in whose Court he flourished , but 13 of these are lost .

Scriptor suae aetatis fide & judicio probatissimus . Rivi● Justin. Defens . adversus Alemannum .

Io. Mariana , a Learned Jesuite .

He hath written Scholia upon the Old and New Testament .

Maximus Margunus . Cytherorum Episcopus . De vitis Sanctorum Grper Sim. Metaphrasten .

Sir Henry S●vill in his notes on Chrysostoms Psalmes cals him Graecorum Neotericorum longè doctissimum , and publisheth there an Epistle of his sent to David Haeschelius .

Psalterium B. Mariae , our Ladies Psalter .

Bonaventure the authour thereof , to shew himself a devout servant to his Lady , Psalterium B. Mariae , ex impresso Parisiensi codice descriptum , Martinus Chemnitius inseruit tertiae parti examinis Concilii Tri dentini , in quo sunt centum quinquaginta Psalmi , quibus Davidicae preces & laudes , quas ille Domino obtulit , transferuntur in B. Virginem Mariam , horrendo planè sacrilegio . Hoc opus Bonaventurae Doctori Seraphico & Cardinali tribuunt . Bellarniinus lib. de script . Eccles. & Possevinus in Apparatu sacro . Forb●s . Iustruct . Historico . Theol. l. 7. c. 7. hath taken every Psalm of Davids Psalter ( which he peculiarly made and referred to Almighty God ) and hath in divers of the said Psalms and verses put out the Name of the Lord , and placed in the name of our Lady : This being done through the whole Psalms , and every one of them , it is now called our Ladies Psalter , used to be sung and said in the praise and service of our Lady .

Alsted in his Encyclopaed . l. 35. saith this book is falsly ascribed to Bonaventure , for he on Lombard saith , Cavendum est , ne dum matris excellentia ampliatur , filii gloria minuatur .

Marianus Scotus . Anno Aerae Christianae 1056. Helv. Chron. Fuldensis Monachus Theologus & insignis historiographus , praeter alia annales ab orbe condito duxit : optimo ordine usque ad annum Domini 1082. qui erat aetatis suae 56. Geneb . Chronol. l. 4.

He hath put out Chronicorum lib. 3.

Augustine Marlorat , one of the Ministers of the Reformed Church at Roan in France .

A man excellently Learned , and of an unblameable life , who had the testimony He was hanged upon a gibbet before our Ladies Church in Roan . even of the Papists themselves , that in his Sermons he never uttered ought that tended to sedition or rebellion .

He hath written upon Genesis , Esaey , and the Psalmes , and an Ecclesiasticall Exposition upon the New Testament , which last is generally well esteemed of , and Dr Willet somewhere wisheth , that the like had been done by some on all the Old Testament . Enchiridion locorum Communium .

Philippus Marnixius , Anno Christi 1538. a Learned and famous Writer . Natus est Bruxellis nomen ejus per Europam totam Clarissimum ; & in viro genus , ingenium , eruditio , eloquentia , virtus atque industria certabant . Mel●b . Ad. & Muer●i Athenae Batavae .

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his life . His * * Editum hoc scriptum anno septuage●imo primo , quo tempore crudelissimè in viscera Belgicae saeviebat Albanus , estque var●etate historiarum , & acumine sententiarum refertissimum jocis facetiisque , in Papistarum theatrales nugas & fabulas mi●è condi●um : adeò ut lectoribus istorum temporum praecipuè , singularem attulerit voluptatem : & occasionem multis praebuerit , de religione Christiana seriò cogitandi . Et hic liber ut populari applausu exceptus , sic non sine fructu plu●imorum lectus , plus rei Belgicae illa tempestat● in religionis negotio profuit ; quàm eruditi aliquot commentarii . Edidit & tabulam , qua differentiam exponit Christianae & Pontificiae Religionis . In hac multa ex alveatio hausta : multa nervosis argumentis serio tractata : à Belgis Gallisque summo studio desiderata & lect● . Melohior . Ad. in ejus Vira . Alvearium Romanum , Romish Beehive ( it is translated into English ) and Table of the differences of Religion are very well liked .

Gruterus wrote these verses of him being dead ,

Orbis delities amorque Marnix , Quo digno poteris tegi sepulcro ? Defunctis aliis satis sepul●ro est Pars terrae brevis : orbis ipse dignum Vix totus fuerit tibi sepulcrum Orbis delities , amorque Marnix .

Cl●m . Marot , a French Poet. Equidem vereor ut absurdum videatur inter literatos illum collocare , cui defuerunt literae . Quae si adfuissent , vix ullus erat fui●rus poeta melior . Ho● certè Galliae praestitisti , quòd cum illius temporis scriptores sermone uterentur tam impuro , ut nec intelligi possent , primus in meliorem aptè & dilucidè loquendi viam ingressus es . Scav. Samarth G●l . Elog. Is propter ingenil facilitatem ad Poësim naturali inclinatione ferebatur ; adeoque promptus , ut qui ejus scripta legunt , nihil in iis requirunt , praeter exactiorem Graecae , Latinaeque ●inguae cognitionem , in quibus non satis instructus erat . Qua●vis Metamorphosis Ovidii ab ●o versa , & Psalmi Davidis satis indicant , non vulgari doctrina fuisse praeditum . Boissardi Bibliotheca .

Poëte de Princes & Prince de Poëtes de son aage . Antoin Verd. Biblioth.

In the Vulgar tongue he surmounted far all Poets that either were before his daies , or that lived also in his time . He turned 50 of Davids Psalms into French Meeter , which are read with admiration of his excellent wit . He set them forth at Genevah , for he might not safely longer abide in France for suspition of Lutheranism . See Pasquiers Recherches de la France , l. 7. c. 5.

Marguerite Queen of Navarre , Sister to Francis the first . Princesse qui a esté souue : rainement parfaict● en poësie , docte en philosophie , a escrit en sa langue autant doctement ( selonque portoit le temps auquel elle viv●it ) que les G●ecs ou les Latins ont faict en la beur Bibliotheque La D' Antoi●e Du Verdier .

There are her Memoires . In the Epistle to the Reader are these words , Que Rome vante tant qu' il luy plaira les Commentaires de son premier Empereur , La France a maintenant les memoires d' une grande Roine qui ne leur cedent en rien .

Her Poeticall Works are joyned together .

Marsilius de Sancta Sophia . Celebratur à Plinio Secundo pro re maximè mirabili , quòd in una familia Curionum , tres continuata serie oratores ex●iterin . At quanto majori celebritate digna res est , quòd Sancta Sophia nobilis familia Pa●avii habue●it continuata s●rie septem philosophos , simulque illustres medicos , ut quasi prodigii loco haberi possit gentis hujus cognomen : quando sicut Sophiae nomine decoratur , sic etiam reipsa in ea tam diu perfusus Sophiae splendor illuxerit . Bernardinus Scardeonius De Clar. Medic. & Philosoph . Pa●av .

He was the sonne of Nicolas Sancta Sophia .

He wrote many things most worthy to be known , of healing sicknesses .

His Opera varia are in Oxford Catalogue .

M. Val●rius Martialis , a witty Poet but too obscene .

Scriverius hath many Elogies of him in his Comment. Floruit à Christi nata●i anno ferrè centesimo . Biblioth. Hispan . Juvenalis , Martialis , Statius Poetae , item Quintilianus , Josephus , Philo &c. sub Domitiano scripserunt . Calvis . Chronol . Multa sunt ejus epigrammata divina : in quibus & sermonis castitas & argumenti species luculenta est , versus verè candidi , numero●i , pleni ; denique optimi . Alia foeda ne legerim quidem , tantum abest ut ad censuram voce● . Scalig. Hype●crit . c 6. Vir fuit , ut Plinii verbis utar , ingeniosus , acutus , acer , & qui plu●imum in scribendo & salis haberet & fellis , nec candoris minus . Cui quantum accedendum censeam , haud facilè dixerim , non certe ejus omnia epigrammata , nec plurima quidem video doctis placere : Romae diu versatus est , Domitiani , Nervae , & Trajani temporibus , id quod ex ipsius versibus , facile colligitur . Lil. Greg. Gyrald . De Poet. Histor. Dial. 10.

Matthias Martinius , Professor of Divinity and Rector of Brema . Alma illa optimorum ingeniorum nutrix , Germania , & in ea illustre vestrum Gymnasium , multos pietate , ingenio & eruditione insignes juvenes ad nos transmisit S. A●am . Matthiae Martinio .

Some much prize Theologos Bremenses & Salmurienses .

His Lexicon Philologicum is very well esteemed of .

Petrus Martinius .

He hath put out an Hebrew and Chaldee Grammer , which is englished by Iohn Udall with Observations upon it .

Peter Martyr , a Learned Italian . Anno à parta salute 1500. Tanto fuit ingenio ▪ ta● excellenti doctrina , ▪ ea praeterea pietate , modestia , morumque facilitate , ut non modo iis quibuscum vixit , gratus , charus , reverendus fuerit , sed ab hostibus quoque & adversariis inter summos numeratus sit , & admirationi illis fuerit . Orat. de vita & obitu Pet. Mat. Natione Italus , Italiam ob Evangelii professionem relinquere coactus multum valet eloquentia , & in tribus linguis eruditionis est Clarissimae . Gesn. Biblioth.

He was born at Florence the most flourishing City not onely of Hetruria , but of all Italy .

Of whom I cannot speak without great reverence , B. Iewels Def. of his Apol.

At Padua he first obtained a full knowledge of the Greek tongue , and of Philosophy , afterward at Bon●nia he diligently studied the Hebrew tongue and Divinity . He was at first a Monk , and was counted the chief of his order ; but when he more seriously punished their loose lives , he got thereby much envy .

He hath written Common-places , a large * * Opus longè accuratissimum , in quo quicquid de Eucharistia in sacris literis , Patrum , Conciliorumque monumentis proditum est , accuraté & Copiosè tractatur . Verheiden . Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 3. Book in defence of Bishop Cranmer against Gardiner of the Eucharist : and excellently expounded divers books of Scripture , Genesis , Iudges , Kings , Samuell , the Epistle to the Romans , the first Epistle to the Corinthians , and hath published other Treatises .

He was Canon of Christ-Church in Oxford , as is said in his life , and as he himself affirms in his Epistles .

Andreas Masius , a great Linguist . Vir fuit 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 : nam praeter Italicam , Gallicam , Hispanicam , ceterásque Europae linguas , & jam Latinae , Graecae , Hebraicae atque Syriacae cognitione non vulgari claruit . Valeri Andreae Bibliotheca Belgica . Bruxellensis omnium seculorum memoria vir dignissimum . Swertii Athenae Belgicae . Doctissimus ●osuae interpres . Geneb . Chronol. l. 1. Vir Syncero , Candido , & aperto Ingenio ; ad haec rarâ & reconditâ doctrinâ praeditus , & qui ad Hebraicae , Chaldaicae , ac caeterarum Orientalium linguarum cognitionem , summam animi pietatem & exactum retum sacrarum studium attulerat , variaque in eo genere Commentatus fuerat : plura etiam daturus , si viro bono per valetudinem ferè semper adversam licuisset . Specime● eorum prae●ent doctissimi & accura●â diligentiâ scripti in Josuam Commentarii , ante biennium ab ipso auctore publicati . Thuan. Hist , Tom. 3. l. 56. Praeter eximiam Latinae , Graecae , Hebraicae , & linguarum exoticarum cognitionem , cum Romae ageret , tantam linguae Syriacae notitiam , Mose Mardeno , Patriarchae Antiocheni ad Gregorium XIII . Pont. Max ▪ Legato , docente , brevi adsecutus est , ut aliquanto post Nestoriani populi patriarcha pariter Romam veniente . Nemo illo aptior repertus sit , qui quas hic a suis popularibus attulerat Syriacas litteras , interpretaretur . Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgic● .

He hath written Learnedly on Ioshua , and assisted Arias Montanus in the edition of the King of Spains Bible , and first of all illustrated the Syriack Idiome with Grammaticall Precepts and a Lexicon . There was a great familiarity between him and Laevinus Torrentius and Augerius Busbequius , and at Rome he was intimate with Antonius Augustinus , and other Learned men .

He saith in his Preface to his Grammer of the Syriack tongue , that Moses Mardenus was his Master , Ipsum Romae privatim interdum audiebam doctorom .

Masorites . Masoreth est sepes legis .

They observed not only how many words , but also how many syllables all the Books of Scripture contained .

Christianus Massaeus . In quo mirum adeò illud fuit , virum occupatissimum atque assidui● ludi curis implicatum , tantum otii decidere potuisse , ut praeter Grammaticas Pr●ceptiones , Chronicorum Libros XX. ab orbe condito ad annum usque sui seculi decimi quinti quadragesimum , Kalendariis Aegyptio , Hebraico , Macedonico & Romano praemissis , commentaretur . Quae de Psalmorum Titulis à Joan. Trithemio ( quo cum de studiis per litteras saepe communicabat ) eximie laudata conseripsit , an lucem aliquando viderint , ignoro . Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica .

He hath written Chronicorum l. 20.

Papyrius Massonius . Non tam undiquaque Pontificius , quin verò Pontificum vitia libere fateatur . Mortoni Causa Regia , c. 3. Sect. 19.

Such a Writer of the French Chronicle as Camden of the English .

Papyrii Massoni Annalium libri quatuor . Quibus res gestae Francor●● explicantur .

Antonius Matthaeus , a Learned Lawyer .

His father was Conradus Matthaeus Professor at the University of Marpurg . He had three brothers famous for Learning , and four sonnes Professors in four Universities .

Vide vitas Profes . Groningae , There his Works are mentioned .

Petrus Matthaeus * * Praestantissimus hujus aetatis Histo●iographus . ●eric . Casaub. ●ietas . , a famous Historian .

Pierre Matthieu in French .

He hath written opus Historicum politicum , and divers historicall things in French .

Petrus Andreas Matthiolus , a great Herbalist .

He hath written Learned Commentaries on Dioscorides his six Books de medic● materia .

Maximilian the Emperour was learned himself , he imitating the example of Iulius Caesar ; did write in Latine his own Acts and Feats done , and that very exactly . He was also a singular Patron and advancer of Learned Students , as may well appear by the erecting and setting up of the University of Wittenberg .

Barthol ▪ Mayerus ▪ a very Learned man , as his Philologia Sacra shews .

CHAP. XII .

JOseph Mede , a Learned Divine of our own .

There is his

Clavis Apocalyptica , and many English Works .

De Medicis .

The House de Medicis in Florence hath been and still is a great favourer of M●diceorum nomen , ersi pluribus de causis fait celebre , hac tamen potissimum re celebrius evasit , quòd Musas è Graecia exulantes hospitio exceperint , & libris praesertim Graecis maximo sumptu tota Graecia , & Asia conquisitis non solum Bibliothecam instituerunt & ornarunt , sed bonarum artium studia in Italia , non sine magnis impensis foverunt . Cosmus enim senior insignem construxit Bibliothecam , quam Petrus ejus filius , nec non Iulianus , & Laurentius Cosmi Nepotes , & Petri filii auxerunt , viri sane clarissimi , & bonarum artium , nominisque Platonici , ejusque doctrinae cultores . Ang. Roc●ba Append. Biblioth ▪ Vatis . De Biblioth. Medicorum domus publicum omni doctrinae liberali hospitium Florentiae fuit , & Cosmus Medicus magnus propterea cognominatus est . Hic enim Chrysoloras primus Graecas literas tota Europa Latina multis jam seculis inter mortuas excitavit , unde Lutetiam à Tifernate Chrysoloiae discipulo protinus indeque in omnes Europae regiones delatae sunt . Hic Argyropylus Graece Aristotelis Philosophiam docuit , & è Graeco in Latinum conversam , Cosmo nuncupavit . Rami Praefat. 3 tia Mathematicae . Vide plura ibid. & Pet. Cr●●it ▪ De Honesta Disciplina l. 15. c. 9. & Paul . Iov . de vita Leonis decimi l. 1. & Pauli Manut. Praefat. ad Epist. Learning and Learned men . See Les ▪ Vies Des Hommes Illustres du nom de Medicis by Le Brillant .

They give three Pills still for their Arms.

Cosmi de Medicis , was a lover and preferrer of Learned men , for he brought unto Florence Argyropylus a Grecian born , and in that time of singular Learning , that the youth of Florence might be by him instructed in the Greek tongue , and other good Learning . He intertained in his house Marsilius Ficinus , a second Father of the Philosophy of Plato , and entirely loved him . Machiav . Hist. of Florence . l. 7.

His Sepulchre in the Church of Laurence in Florence ; is of Marble , with this inscription ,

Decreto Publico Pater Patriae .

Vide Leand. Alb ▪ Descript. Ital. in Thuscia .

Laurentius de Medicis his grandchilde was a lover of Learning . Papyrius Massonus hath written his life well . He greatly esteemed men that excelled in any Art . He marvellously delighted in Musick , Architecture and Poetry , as many of his own verses and Commentaries yet extant do testifie . He erected an University in Pisa , whither he brought the most excellent men of all Italy .

Laurentius Medicis maxima hac tempestate studiorum patronus : qui missis per universum terrarum orbem nunciis in omni disciplinarum genere libros summa ope conquirit . Polit. Epist. l. 2. Epist. 6. Vide etiam l. 3. Epist. 6. & l. 4. Ep. 2. & l. 8 , Epist. 1. & l. 11. Epist. 25.

Pope Leo the tenth was his Great Grandchild .

Petrus Medices .

Non minus jam sua : quam familiae gloria : scilicet in quo patris ingenium : patrui Polit. Epist. l. 12 Epist. 7. Avus tuus , magnanime Laurenti , magnus Cosmus , Petrus deinde pius genitor me à teneris annis , quo philosophari possem , suis opibus aluerunt . Ficini pr●aem . ad Laurent . Med. de Religione Christiana . virtus : patrui magni humanitas : avi probitas : proavi prudentia : pietas abavi reviviscit : omnium vero majorum suorum liberalitas : omniumque animus .

Petrus Medices Laurentii filius , vir & Graecis & Latinis litteris , optimè , quod omnes f●te●mini , peritus . Nam hoc & scripta ejus indicant , & quaedam ex Plutarcho , de Amore conjugali , quae vidimus , traducta ab eo locupletissimè testantur . Pier. Valer. De Litteratorum infelicitate l. 2. Vide plura ibid.

Io. de Medina . Tre● illustres Medinae cognomento scriptores fuisse comperi . Ioannem quidem Theologum Complutensem , Michaelem verò familiae Divi Francisci , Bartholomaeum autem professorem Salmanticae vidimus . Biblioth. Hispan .

There were three famous Medina's : Iohn , Michael , Bartholomew .

Io. de Medina hath written

De Paenitentia , restitutione , & contractibus .

Michael Medina .

He hath written

De Sacrorum hominum continentia .

De recta in Deum fide .

Barth . à Medina hath written

In primam Secundae . In tertiam D. Thom● usque ad quaestionem sextam .

Ioannes Henricus Meibomius .

He hath published

Commentarium in Ius jurandum Hippocratis .

Maecenatis vitam .

Marcus Meibomius . Antiquae Musicae Auctores Septem Graece & Latine .

He hath ●ut out Greek Authours of the Ancient Musick in two Volumes with Notes .

Balthasar Meisnerus * * Acutus quidem Philosophus , sed superbus & magnorum virorum insignis contemptor . Baron . Philos. Theol. ancilla●s de origine animae Art. 8. Exercit. 2. , Learned but haughty .

Adolphus Mekerckus , vulgò Meetkercke , a Learned searcher of Antiquities .

He wrote

De veteri & recta pronunciatione lingu● Graecae .

Pomponius Mela a a Anno Aerae Christianae 41. Helv. Chron. , a Learned ancient Geographer .

Philip b b Theologiae Corculum reformatae . Montac . Praefat. ad Apparatum . Natione Germanus , & totius Germaniae summum decus , unus ex primis & praecipuis renascentis literariae rei publicae , omnisque sapientiae revirescentis parentibus ac restauratoribus , aeterna posterorum memoria dignissimus . Multum ei debet Ecclesia , multum quicunque bonas artes & studia amplectuntur . Gesn. Biblioth. Vide Thuan. Hist. tom. 1. l. 26. Philipp●● Melancthon liberalium artium ac Philosophiae magister , anno aetatis suae 22. Wirebergam vocatus est , ut in tanta corona doctissimorum virorum Graecam linguam doceret . Urbem paulò pòst ingressus est 25 die Augusti , eodem hoc anno Domini 1518. Buntingi Chronologia . Theologus & Philosophus aetatis suae post Lutherum , facile princeps , & omnium ferè in Germania eruditorum communis praeceptor . Melch. Ad. in vita Wigandi . Hoc tantum dicam , Locos tuos illos priores , fuisse mihi primum ad perfectam Christi cognitionem paedagogum , quantum autem quisque debeat suis primis praeceptoribus , illis praesertim qui nos in vera Christi cognitione catechisarunt : tuo optimò nosti . Te igitur observari à me , & fieri quam maximi , potes ex hoc uno colligere . Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Melancht . Melancthon . He was a great Mathematician .

Fuit Philippus vir certè magnus ( ut totus novit orbis Christia●us ) singulari pietate , summa eruditione , non vulgari judicio . Cui omnes Scholae & Ecclesiae , omnesque literati debent plurimum . Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Pezelio .

He was excellently learned , not only in Divinity , but also in the Tongues and Sciences , and generally in all good Learning . For what Art or Science was not polished with his Learned hand ? He fyled the Tongue with his Precepts of Rhetorick . He made reason more reasonable by his skilfull rules of Logick . He lift up our heads to behold the starres , and taught us to look back into the times that are past . Travers Answ. to a Popish Treatise .

David Chytraeus Adhortat . Ad Orat. Melancth. saith , Plus Rerum & doctrin● ac sapientiae salutaris , in una Philippi orationum pagina inesse , quàm in Ciceronianis aut Demosthenicis aliquot , utcunque verborum splendore , copia & collocatione concinna praestent .

There is a Book ( they say , but I cannot meet with it ) styled Crisis Melanctoniana , or Iudicium de legendis Authoribus , his judgement of Authors collected out of his Works .

Melancthon thus wrote down before his death , the motives of his willingnesse to leave this world ,

A Sinistris . A Dextris . Discedes à Peccatis : Venias in Lucem : Liberaberis ab ●rumnis & à Rabie Theologorum . Videbis Deum : Intuebiris filium Dei : Disces illa mira arcan● quae in hac vita intelligere non potuisti : Cur sic simus conditi : Qualis sit copulatio duarum naturarum in Christo.

Fearfulnesse was a stain in all his excellencies .

Dominus eum fortiore spiritu instruat , ne gravem ex ejus timiditate jacturam sentiat posteritas . Calvinus Joanni Sleidano .

Philippus timidus est , ita ut saepenumero agat , quae non probet . Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Bullingero .

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these Verses of Melancthon ,

Doctrina volito clarus super aethera quamvis Cognomen dederit terra nigella mihi .

Andrew Melvin .

A learned Scotchman , an excellent Poet.

Some of his Poems are printed ,

He was committed for writing Verses against the Altar in White-Hall , and the Lady Arabella was committed for being contracted to the Earl of Hartford ▪ thereby having a greater Title to the Crown , and so in likelihood of causing Commotions .

He made these Verses of the Lady Arabella ,

Causa mihi tecum communis Carceris ara Bella tibi causa est Carceris , ara mihi .

Dr. Barlow Bishop of Lincoln made these Verses of him ,

Cor ●ib ▪ felle nigrum est & aceto lingua redundat , Ex melle & vino quam male nomen habes .

Menander an ancient Poet. Inter omnes novae Comediae Poetas facile princeps . Lil. Greg. Gyrald . De Poet. Histor. Dial. 7.

Menasseh * * Judaeus singulari medestia , & laudabili S. Scripturas Vet. Test. explicandi studio praeditus ; de quo spes non infirma , fore , ut arbori , ex qua excidit , in●eratur . Dilher . Disputat . Acad. Tom. 1. 17. Dissertat . Ben Israel , a learned Jew living at Amsterdam .

He hath put out a Book in Latine , entitled Conciliator , in which he endeavours to reconcile out of the Writings of the Rabbins Loca Pentateuchi 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 .

Iacobus Menochius . A learned Lawyer of great fame .

His Works are in nine Volumes in Oxford .

Stephanus Menochius .

He hath written a brief and literal Explication of all the Scripture , collected out of the best Authors , and also a learned Treatise De Republica Hebraeorum .

Paulus * * Anno Christi 1539. Milissus Schedius a learned Poet.

He hath put out

Schediasmata Poetica .

Epigrammata in urbes Italia .

Gerard Mercator , a most famous Mathematician and Cosmographer , and the Temporum emendatissimus scriptor . ●●● . De Repub. l. 4. c. 2. Mathematicorum sui temporis princeps . Fuit homo sedatissimo ingenio , singulari animi candore , pacis & tranquillitatis tum publicae tum privatae amantissimus . Swertii Athen● Belgic● . Vide Thuan. hist. tom. 5. l. 109. Pinacographus acutissimus , idemque Mathematicus peritissimus . Ful. Miscel. Sac. l. 2. c. 5. Ptolomy of our age , he was born at Rapelmonda in Flanders .

Io. Mercerus , a learned Protestant . A man singularly versed in the Hebrew Quatuor lingua●um peritissimus ad incredibilem diligentiam acerrimum judicium attulit , accedente rursus ad eximiam doctrinam candore , modestiâ & summâ m●rum innocentiâ , adeo ut ex ipsius poene unius Scholâ , quicunque in Gallia hodiè paullò melius Chaldaicam & Hebraicam linguam callent . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 56. Corpore fuit gracili & à studiorum laboribus macilento , sed voce robusta & virili quae auditorium probè impleret , temperantia au●em , pudore , modestia & caeteris animi bonis supra variae doctrinae laudem nulli secundus . Scaev. sama●th . Elog. G●ll. Tongue , and Hebrew Writers .

He succeeded Vatablus in the profession of the Hebrew Tongue at Paris .

He escaped ( as I have heard ) at the great Massacre at Paris , being thrown into the River , and lived after , and put forth his learned Commentary on Genesis .

Ioann●s Mercerus , vir totius humanioris literaturae intelligentissimus , Regius Hebraeae linguae Professor , eruditione solertiae , diligentiáque praestantissimui . Franc. ●un . Orat. Funeb . in obitum Lucae Trelcatii . Vide Ludovic . Elsevir Praefat. ad Lectorem ante Comment . Mercer . in lib Job .

Iosias Mercer * * Vir eruditissimus , magni illius Iohanuis filius tali parente dignissimus . Casaub. in in Spartian . not . Galliarum lumen tanto patre dignissimus filius . Montacut . Antidiat . Vide Salm●s Prolegom . ad Solinum . E● Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 56. Famae alicujus radius ●ibi quoque illucet à magno illo patre : cujus eruditio & virtus clara apud omnes . Et tu succedes , imo praecedes : si pergis modo in hoc laudis studio quod cu●●ere coepisti recto & foelici pede . Nam notae tuae ad Cornelium nostrum quas mittis ( verè non blande dicam ) vix tuae aetatis . Lips . Epist. Cent. 1. Epist. 32. Iosiae Mer●●ro . , a Frenchman , and Sonne to Iohn Mercer , as Thuanus and others say .

He hath written learnedly upon Tacitus .

Iosias Mercerus praestantissimi ingenii vir , nec doctrina tantùm & eruditione , sed & singulari rerum agendarum solertia clarus , Salmasii socer , notis suis ad Novium Grammaticum . Herald . Animadvers . In Salmas . Observat. Ad Ius Att. & Rom. lib. 4. cep . 1.

Hier. Mercurialus , a learned Physician of Padua . Vir doctissimus ▪ Casaub. Not. ad Diog. Laert. Medicus celebris sed homo 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Scalig. Animadvers . in Euseb.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

Mercurius Trismegistus . Ethnicorum Pontificum princeps Hermes : quem tanto in honore Aegyptii habuetunt , ut in Deorum numerum referretur . Crakant● . De Provi . Dei .

A noble and excellent Mathematician , called by the Aegyptians Trismegistus , because he was a most excellent Philosopher , a soveraign Priest , and a most vertuous King .

His Works are in one Volume .

Marinus Mersennus .

Leo Allatius in his Apes Urbanae speaks honourably of him , and Mr Selden often mentions him with respect .

His Life is lately written in French by a French man , where his several Works are mentioned .

Quaestiones celeberrimae in Genesin cum accurata textus explicatione .

La veritè des sciences .

L' Harmonie vniverselle , contenant la Theorie & la Pratique de lae Musique , with many others .

* * Fuit quidem Merlinus vir in rerum naturalium cognitione , & praecipuè in Mathesi vel ad miraculum usque eruditus : quo nomine Princibus ejus aetatis meritó gratissimus erat . Lelandi Assertio Arturii . Merlinus .

He is commonly called Merlin the Prophet , though some question whether there were such a one .

There is in Oxford Catalogue under him .

Expositio de arcano lapidis , and in the Appendix Ses propheties & histoires .

Peter Merlin a godly and learned French Divine , who was Bezas Scholar , and miraculously preserved , when there was a great Mas●acre of the Protestants at Paris on Bartholomew-day .

He hath put out an Exposition upon Iob and Esther .

Georgius Merula .

There are in Politians sixth Book of Epistles , the second , and the third , and the eighth against him , and in his eleventh Book of Epistles , Epist. first and second against him , to which Merula answers Epist. 5th and 7th , and Politian replies Ep. 6th and 10th .

Paulus Merula .

After many voyages he was made Professour of History in his own Countrey in Holland .

He hath three Books of General Cosmography , and four Books of particular Geography . Juris , historiae , antiquitatum , variarum linguarum Callentissimus , & in istis omnibus cum paucis comparabilis . Boxhorn . Theat. Holland .

D. Methodius a Christian Poet , and Martyr . Methodius G●aecus ( nam plures fuerunt ) Tyri Episcopus , floruit circa 255. Domini annum . Illyr. Ca●al . Test Verit. l. 2. Christianus Poeta & Martyr sub Decio & Valeriano Martyrii coronam adeptus sub est . Li● Gyrald . De Poet Hist Dial. 5.

Io. Meursius , a most learned man , Quo vix alius literis minori tractabat ambitione . Ad Graecae linguae studium natura pronior , vix tredecim annorum carmen scribebat . Remotissimam Graeciae historiam & sepultas poene cum ipso tempore A●tiquitates , eruit . Meursi Athenae Batavae , & Swertii Athenae Belgicae . Anno aetatis decimo sexto in Lycophronem obscurissimum totius Graeciae Poetam : Commentari instituit . Meursi Athen. Bat. l. 2. Vossius De vitiis Sermonis l. 2. c. 2.

Vir meritorum in Remp. litterariam clarissimorum . Dilh. Disputat . Acad.

Minutius Foelix Octavius , Anno Dom 230. Romae insign●s Causidicus scripsit dialogum Christiani & Ethnici disputantium , qui Octavius inscribitur . Iac. Fris. Biblioth. Philos. Nihil certi fortassis de ipsius aetate defini●e potero , quantum tamen c 〈…〉 t , incidisse in tempora Sev●ri Imperatoris non omnino à vero ablude●e videtur . Adnumeratur enim ab antiq●is ●is scriptaribu● , qui ejus impe●io illustres eni●uerunt . Juniorem quid●m , sed ferè aequaevum Tertulliano credide●im . Ioan. à Wower . ad Minut. Foel . Octav. Not. Aequalem Tertulliano Minutium fuisse semper mihi persuasi & quae in utroque scriptore totidem verbis perscripta extant . uter ab altero mutuatus sit dubito . Sub Helioga●alo ambos scripsisse verisimile est . Ios. Sca●ig . in Epist. ad Iohan Wower .

He was a famous pleader of Causes at Rome , contemporary to Tertullian .

Io. Picus Mirandula .

He was skilled in the Greek , Latine , Hebrew , Chaldee and Arabick Tongues . Obiit anno Salutis 1449. vixi annos XXXII . Propter generis nobilitatem & raram ●ingularemque formosissimi corporis & animi pulchritudinem , venustatem , Phoenix cognominatus , vir ingenii pene prodigiosi ; & in omnium artium scientiarum & linguarum varietate usque ad miraculum exculti . Sixt. Sene●s . Biblioth. l. 4. Inter Nongen●●s Theses , quas Romae publicè disputavit , hae leguntur , utrum Corpus Christi in Coelo localiter , in Altari sacramentaliter . Non potest per Dei potentiam idem Corpus esse simul in diversis locis , nempe quod induceretur implicatio contradictionis , quod ex Thor●a Aquinate tuetur . Mor● . myst . Iniq. Phoenix seculi sui , illustris vir Picus Mirandula , delitiae musarum , atque , alumnus Philosophiae . ●calig . Comment. in l. 3. Manil. Mirandulae Comes vir ingen●o & doctrina pro aetate maximus . Bellarm. De Script . Eccles.

Iohannes Picus Earl of Mirandula . That Phoenix of Learning ( as appears in the entrance of his Apology ) proposed openly at Rome nine hundred Questions in all kinde of faculties to be disputed , inviting all strangers thither , from any part of the known world , and offering himself to bear the charge of the travel , both coming and going , and during their abode there .

His Epitaph composed by Tibaldeus runs thus ,

Iohannes jacet hic Mirandula , caetera norunt Et Tagus , & Ganges , forsan & Antipodes .

Dr Hackw . Apol. l. 3. c. 6. Sect. 2.

Vir saneprae omnibus quae sint : quique fuerint admirandus . Polit. Epist. lib. 7. Epist. 5. Bac●ius Ug●linus Roberto Salviato .

Qui tam multis unus bonis abundat , ut unus omnium laudes exhauriat . Polit. Ugolino Ep. 6. ibid.

Gratulatus sum huic saeculo virum tanta doctrina : ut nihil feré : tanta cura : ut nihil omnino s●ire videatur . Video te poetam egregium : oratorem eminentissimum . Animadverto te Philosophum prius Aristotelicum : nunc etiam Platonicum esse factum . Videris literas Graecas quae in te solae desiderari poterant : & sine quibus nihil eras futurus non didicisse mod● : sed hau●isse . Polit. Epist. lib. 9. Ep. 3. Manil.

De isto prae cunctis admirando : non Pico jam sed ( ut ipse appellare soleo ) phoenice potius : qui nunc in tua lauru indificat . Polit. Praefat. ad Miscel. Ad Laur. med. Vide ●tiam Miscel. Cent. 1. ad finem .

Iohan. Franc. Picus Mirandula his Nephew was also most learned in Greek and Latine .

Extant ejus sacra po●mata suis quoque Commentariis illustrata , ne legentibus minus clara viderentur : & libri de veritate fidei Christianae , in quibus disciplinarum omnium aceruus eminet . Paul . Jov. Elog. Doctorum virorum . Both their Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

Aubertus Miraeus , very skilfull in Ecclesiastical History . Rerum Belgicarum ac totius Historiae Ecclesiasticae eximiè peritus . Gassend . De vit. P●iresk . l. 2. Bruxellensis nascitur anno Domini 1573. Vir historiae Ecclesiae cognitione inprimis excellens . Swertii Athenae Belgicae .

CHAP. XIII .

LEo Modena a Learned Jew now living . Imprimis & jam memorandus M S. tractatus Italicas R. Iud● de Modena etiam hodie archisynagogi apud Venetos , De Doctrina , moribus , & Ceremoniis Iudaeorum . Post primam hujus Disp. editionem anno 1637 , Videor mihi inaudivisse , tractatum illum R. Iuda Modena typis descriptum nunc prostare . Voe● . Select . Disput. Theol. pars secunda . De Judaismo .

He hath many things ( in his Italian History , of the Rites , Customes and manner of Life , of the present Jews , throughout the world ) of the Jewish matters , which are not in others .

It is translated into English by Mr Chilmead of Christ-Church in Oxford , but I have heard that Master Selden had a Manuscript of Modenas , which had much more in it then there is in that in English .

Michoel Moestlinus . Academiae Tubingensis Professor mathematum , cujus solida , in rebus Astronomicis cognitio , & veritatis in his inquitendae , illustrandaeque studium eximium , inprimis commendabile mihi censetur . Tych. Brah. Lib. 2. De Cometa anni 1577.

These of his Works are published ,

Alterum examen Grego●iani Calendarii .

De dimensionibus orbium juxta Tabulas Prutenicas , ex sent . Nic. Copernici .

Epitome Astronomiae .

Ioannes Molanus . Lovaniensis , & Theologiae in celebri ▪ illa Academia professor historiae ▪ Ecclesiasticae , quam compluribus scriptis illustravit , admodum gnarus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 82.

He hath written divers Works mentioned by Anton. Sanderus . De Scriptoribus Flandriae . l. 2.

Carolus Molinaeus , a Learned Lawyer , and a Protestant . Tam eruditione ac judicio quam probitate conspicuus . Thuan. Hist. Tom 10. l. 6. Vide plura ibid. & Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 37. & Scaev. Samarth . Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog.

His Life is written by Papirius Massonus .

Petrus Molinaeus . Praeceptor quondam meus in Philosophia peripatetica , à quo & unum me summa liberalium artium laurea in hac Academia decoratum fuisse non sine grati animi memoria recordor . Gerard. Voss. Orat. in obitum Erpen .

Peter du Moulin , a Learned and pious French Divine , yet living .

Idò admire him upon the Eucharist , and on Purgatory , he hath my heart when I reade his Consolations to his Brethren of the Church of France , as also in treating of the love of God . I would willingly learn French to understand him only , and have a long time desired , and still do to get any thing that he hath written . D. Twisse .

Dominicus Molinus . Vi● egregie de me , ac plu●i● mis hominibus eruditis , & meritus & merens : quem verè Palladium musarum ac praesidium , & tutelam omnis d●ctrinae dixeris . Voss. De Histor. Lat.

Cujus benevolentia erga probos omnes & doctos viros ( quotquot Sol ●spicit & Solum sustinet ) Patrio non clauditur Agro , sed latè conspicua pervagatur . Pignor. Symbol . Epist. Ep. 43.

Henricus Mollerus .

He hath written well on Esay , on the Psalms , Hosea and Malachy .

Richard Montague , a very expert Grecian , and a great Antiquary , but an Arminian . Richard●● Montacutus eruditissimus vir , qui eruditionis suae specimen in editione aliquot opusculorum Graecorum Nazianzeni luculen ▪ ●um edidit . Sculiet De curri● ▪ vitae .

There are his

Analecta Ecclesiasticarum exercitationum .

Antidiatribae ad priorem partem diatribarum Jul. Caes. Bulengeri , adversus exercitationes Is. Casaub.

Apparatus ad Origines Ecclesiast .

Diatri●e upon the first part of Mr. Seldens History of Tithes , and other Works .

Arias a a Benedictus Arias Montanus 〈◊〉 sanctae apprimè peritus ac summè pius , Bibliis Complutensibus elegantiore formâ recudendis à Philippo destinatus , egregiam admodum operam in suorum editione cum Fabritiis Boderianis fratribus Fal●zianis An●u●rpiae ●avavit , unde sibi aemulos tanto odio accendit , & in iis Leo●em Castrensem , qui de LXX interpretibus Commentarium scripsit , ut ad Caussam dicendam citatus Romam , vix Veniâ impetratâ pro tantorum laborum praemio secessum in Baetica sua , in quo se bona conscientia fretus sacrorum librorum lectione ac lucubratione solaretur , acceperit . Thu●● . Hist. Tom. 5. l. 120. Montanus , a great Linguist .

He was skilled in ten Languages .

De me , ac de meo labore & industria ( quant●lacunque ea est ) nihil profi●eor . Hoc tamen unum recensebo : me scilicet , continuo immortales Deo gratias agere , quòd deceiu idiomatum cognitionem mihi pro sua clementia & benignitate imperitus sit . Arias Mont. Pr●f●i● Sac. Bib. Quadril . Reg. Edit.

A man that for his sincere dealing about the Kings Bible procured unto himself much hatred and ill will . Insomuch , that he was constrained to write an Apology of set-purpose , for to prove his integrity , wherein is contained a full satisfaction to all his Adversaries Objections , and the whole History of his troubles , the beginning , successe and progresse of that costly Work , written in the Spanish Tongue , never yet printed . The Copy was found at the surprize of Cales . D Iam. his Def. of Bellum Papale .

Vir toto orbe celeberrimus qui Bibliis Regiis Antwerpiae praefuit . Gomarus .

Michael Montanus Michel De Montaign .

His elegant Books of Miscellanies written in French , and modestly styled Essayes , full of various Learning , and in which he freely discovers his own spirit , shew his love to the Muses .

He hath by that Book gotten a great opinion of his Learning and wisdom , and Rome hath chosen and adopted him for one of her Citizens . Vide Scaev. Samarth . Gallorum Elog. & Bibliotheque D' Antoine Du Verdier .

Ant. Montecatinus , an exquisite Aristotelian .

He hath written on Aristotles Politicks , and on some part of his Physicks .

On Plato's Book De Rep. & Legibus .

Olympia Fulvia Morata , a learned and pious woman . Morum ●anctimonia , ingenio & eruditione cum quavis prisci aevi com paranda ●oemina . Graecè & Latinè scribere eleganter , & versus utraque lingua pangere didicit . T●u●● . Hist. Tom. 1. l. 16.

Audivimus eam in aula ita latinè declamantem , Graecè loquentem , Ciceronis paradoxa explicantem , ad quaestiones respondentem , ut cum veterum puellorum quavis , qua quidem ingenii la●de excelluerit , conferri posse videatur . Est literis & disciplini● tum Graecis , tum Latinis , suprà quam quis credere possit , exculta , & scientia Religionis illustrata . Caelii S. Cur. Epist. l. 1. Xy●to Betuleio . Vide plura ibid.

There are Orations , Dialogues , Epistles , Verses both Greek and Latine of hers , with the Testimonies of the Learned concerning her , and their Elogies .

There is an Epistle in the second book of her Epistles written by her husband Andreas Grunthler Doctor of Physick of her pious Death to C●liu● Secundus Curio .

Sir Thomas More , sometimes L. Chancellor of England .

He was esteemed a man both witty and learned , but he was a bitter persecutor of Thomas Morus aequalis ●uit Ioannes Fischeri eique amicissimus & nobilis Collega ▪ martyrii : Fuit autem vir doctrina va●ia excultu● , & ingenii amaenissimi , quippe Theologu● , Philosophus Orator , Poeta , Historicus , linguae Graecae & Latinae peritus . Bellarm. De Script . Eccles. Cujus opera & alia plurima opuscu●a tam Latina quam vernacula lingua conscripta notiorem reddiderunt eruditionem ejus , quam ut à me opus sit praedicari . De moribus etiam qui severissimè judieavit , dicacitatem solum reprehendant , tanquam ad sales & facetias ( ne dicam scommata ) promptiorem , quam tanti viri gravitatem deceret , quibus ne in ipsa quidem calamitate , & mortis a●●iculo vix aut ne vix abstinuit : Siquidem carceris custodi summum corporis indumentum tanquam ex consuetudine sibi debitum deposcenti , pileum tradidit : Tonsori pro opere navato jam damnatus nihil à se deb●ri contendit , Regis illud esse caput dicens quod raserat : ut sui ju●is esse probaverit , amplissimam mercedem relaturum . Pegina sine locum supplicii conscensurus , manum praecedenti cuiquam por●exit , & ascendentem ( inquit ) adjuves quaeso , ad descensum quod attinet non sum sollicitus . Corvicem ve●o jamjam caedendam postquam supra stipitem objectam protenderet , barbam ( quam prolixam alebat ) manu amovit , capitis non item barbae ampu●andae potestatem carnifici factam renidenti vultu professus . Godw. Rer. Angl. Annal. ●1 . Anglicus ille Socrates . Iul. Scalig Ep. good men , and a wretched enemy against the truth of the Gospel , as by his Book may appear , wherein he writeth most slanderously and contumeliously against Luther , Zuinglius , Tindal , Frith , Barns , Bayfield , Bainham . He stood wilfully in the Popes quarrel against his own Prince , though the Papists reckon him and Fisher among the number of their Martyrs . Foxes Act. and Monum . vol. 2. p. 353. And my L. Herbert of Henry the 8th out of Fox .

He was so given to jesting and scoffing , that he continued it unto his death .

One of the Officers at the Tower demanding his upper garment for his Fee , meaning his Gown , he answered , that he should have it , and gave him his Cap , saying , it was the uppermost garment he had .

Coming to the Tower-gate , a poor woman called unto him , and besought him Qui tum alia eruditè scripsit , tum etiam ad imitationem Reipublicae Platonicae composuit de optimo Reipublicae statu , deque nova insula Eutopia librum verè aureum nec minus salutarem quam festivum . Neand. Geog. to declare , that he had certain evidences of hers , in the time that he was in Office ( which after he was apprehended he could not come by ) and that he would intreat that she might have them again , or else she was undone . He answered , Good woman have patience a little while , for the King is so good to me , that even within this half hour he will discharge me of all businesses , and help thee himself .

Also when he went up the stair of the Scaffold , he desired one of the Sheriffs Officers to give him his hand to help him up , he said , When I come down again , let me shift for my self so well as I can . Also the hang-man kneeled down to him , asking him forgivenesse of his death , as the manner is . To whom he answered , I forgive thee ; but I promise thee that thou shalt never have honour of the striking off my head , my neck is so short . Also , even when he should lay down his neck on the block , he having a great gray beard , stroaked out his beard , and said to the hang-man , I pray you let me lay my beard over the block , lea●t you should cut it ; others relate it thus , that he said , it never committed treason ; thus with a mo●k he ended his life .

His English Works are mentioned by Maunsel in his Catalogue .

Ioh Morinus , a Learned Papist .

There are his

Exercitationes Biblica de Hebraeo Graecoque Text● . Exercit. Ecclesiasticae .

Phil. Mornay , Lord of Plessis .

His Work concerning the truth of Christian Religion , was written in French Philippus M●●●●●● Plesseus , vir insigni facundia , & in explicandis negotiis solertia praeditus . T●u●● . Hist. Tomo 4 to . l. 95. against Atheists , Epicures , Paynims , Jews , Mahumetists , and other Infidels , began to be translated by Sir Phil. Sidney , and at his request finished by Arthur Golding .

His other Works translated into English are mentioned by Ma●●sel .

Thom. Morton , * * S●ithaeus Cha●cedon●●sis Ep●●copus nuncupativus , Theologus sane eruditus , ●ur in me vehementius excandesceret , rationem han● reddidi● , quòd Pontificios ex Pontificiorum testimoniis impugnandi rationem , ut ait , primus injerim . Morton . ●rae●●● . ad Refuta● . Con●u● . C. ● . &c. Bishop .

He hath written learnedly against the Papists , confuting them from their own Authors . There is his Apologia Catholica , Causa Regia , Catholick Appeal , & other Works .

Thomas Morton . Tho Mortonus noster , acutus sa●● accura●●●que Scriptu . ae sac●ae interpres . Gatakeri ●i●●u : cap. 6.

He hath written a learned Commentary in Latine upon the first Epistle of P●ul to the Corinthians .

And some English Tracts .

Simeon Muis , an excellent Hebrician . Quem ob exc●●●ntem rerum Hebrarca●um peritiam , egregiaque in originalem divini foedetis literaturam merita praecipuo semper , ut par erat , loco ac numero hab●i . Dall●●s .

He hath written well on all the Psalms , and also learnedly asserted the Hebrew truth against Morinus .

Sebastian Munster a Germane , a learned Hebrician and Mathematician . He was Natione Germanus , vir cum in variis linguis , tum Hebraica praecipuè doctus : & variis scientiis , maxime vero mathematicis praeclare im●utus : ingeniosis ac pils lucubrationibus Germanice , Latine & Hebraice conscriptis , de bonis li●eris omnibus , lin●uis , philosophia , & theologia , optimè merstus est . Ges● . Bibliothec. Doctus sane vir ●uit Munste●us , cui mul●um d●●ent ●●terae Hebraicae . Scalig. Elench. Trih●res . Scrar . c. 4. Duo sunt opera quae inter reliqua Munsterum ●larum reddiderunt , Hebraica scilicet Biblia cum planè nova ejus translatione , vetustissimis & probatissimis ejus linguae collatis undique scriptoribus , adjectis item adnotationibus ex Rabinorum desumtis Commenta●●s : A●●●rum Cosmographia est Carolo V. consecrata , quae variis postea gentium linguis edita , mundo se suo pa●●●● 〈◊〉 , spectandum que dedit . Verbeid . Praestant . aliquot . Theol. qui Rom. Antichrist . praecipuè oppugnarunt 〈◊〉 & Elogia . born Anno 1489.

Marcus Antonius Muretus , a very eloquent and diligent Writer . Magnum non solum Galliae nostrae , sed ipsius Romae lumen . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 80. Vide etiam ejus Tomum 4 tum . l. 82. Suo ipsius ingenio & absque u●●a ▪ p aeceptoris opera eruditus tantas in literis fecit progressus , ut praeter exactam Graecae linguae scientiam , ipsis etiam Italis peculiarem illam Latini sermonis laudem unus eripere● . Neque vero id Muretu● in oratione soluta solùm , sed in versibus etiam assecutus est , in quibus tam erat Catullo similis quàm ipse Catullus sibi . Accedebat ad excellens & divinum illum ingenium incredibilis morum Candor & Urbanitas quae miri●ica sua aetate hominum animos a●●iciebat atque attrahebat . Sc●v . Samarth . Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. Vir , in quo non eruditio solùm varia , sed comitas etiam & lepos multus . Lipsius De Recta pronunciat . Lat. Ling. c. 1.

What Latine Author hath he passed by , either Historian , Oratour or Poet , which he hath not explained , amended and restored to his purity , either with his Commentaries Scholia , or Notes ? Terence , Petronius , Tibu●●us , Catullus , Properti●s , Tully , Seneca , Salust , Tacitus ; and how learned he was , his book of divers readings sheweth .

His excellent Orations shew his great eloquence . Quis humilia subtilius , ampla sublimius , mediocria temperatius , potuit dicere ? quibus virtutibus , perfecti oratoris laus continetur . Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca . Vide plura ibid.

Gesner mentions his Latine works , and Antoine Du Verdier his French .

Musaeus . Musaeus Orphaei ●●lius , vel aemulus , & Linus circa Trojana tempora floruerunt . Ge●eb . Chronol. lib. 2.

He wrote the loves of Leander and Herûs , he lived ( saith Vossius , De Poetis Gr●cis c. 9. ) sub Augustis , & quidem post quartum seculum .

Wolfangus Musculus , a judicious and solid Divine Anno 1497. Magni inter suos nominis Theologus , qui Monasticam olim , dein abjecto Cucullo Protestantium doctrinam professus , vitam aliquando opere manuario textrinam exercens toleravit ; postea seriò animum ad litteras jam aetate provectior appulit , in quibus improbo labore tantum profecit , ut famam concionibus quaesitam etiam laboriosissimis editis in S. Scripturam Commentariis ●uxerit . T●uan . Hist. Tom. 2. l. 34. Mi Pater Muscule , ego omnes viros doct●s & pios observo & colo : sed mihi credas , te , Bulli●gerum , & Martyrem meum , ●ingulari & peculiari non dicam tantum observantia , sed amore quodam tenero complector , ut majori etiam fiducia mihi videar posse vobiscum quàm cum aliis uti : In cau●●a est vestra singularis non doctrina tantùm & pietas , sed etiam humanitas , spiritus lenitas , & morum suavitas , Zanch. epist. ad Musc.

He hath written Commentaries

In Genes .

In Psalmos . Fol.

In Isaiam . Fol.

In Matthaeum . Fol.

In Iohannem . Fol.

In Ep. ad Rom. & Corinth .

In Epist. ad Gal. & Ephes.

In Ep. ad Phil. Colos. Thess. & ad Tim.

And Loci Communes Theologi .

Ioachimus Mynsingerus , Anno Christ. 1514.

His Commentary upon Iustinians Institutions is well liked .

He hath written other Works mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue .

The End of the fourth Book .

THE FIFTH BOOK Of such as were Famous for ZEAL IN THE True RELIGION , Or in any Kinde of Learning .

CHAP. I. N

CN . Naevius , A famous ancient Poet. Laus est Navii , quòd primus carmine signarit bellum Romanum & luculentè quidem . Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 2.

Naevius in manibus non est : & mentibus haeret

Poene recens : adeo sanctum est vetus omne Poema .

Horat. l. 2. Ep. 1.

Petrus Nannius a general Scholar , thought worthy to succeed Conradus Goclenius in Collegio trilingui at Lovain .

He died there Anno 1557. he hath written much . Comicus illustris est habitus , Campanus fuit , ut à Gellio traditur in Atticis noctibus . Scripsit praeter Punicum bellum Comaedias ac Tragaedias stilo inprimis erudito & gravi , ut veteres testantur . Boxhorn . Monum . illust. virorum & Elog.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life .

Francise●s Nansius . Vossius in his Book De Constructione c. 62. cals him Doctissimum praeceptorem suum , and quotes his Notes on Nonnus .

Iohn Napier a Scot. L. of Marcheston younger .

He was the inventer of the Logarithmes .

He hath written well upon the Revelation .

Natalis Comes , Venetus , a most learned Writer . Scripsit mythologiae , sive explicationum fabularum libros 10. In quibus omnia propè naturalis Philosophiae dogmata sub antiquorum fabulis contenta fuisse demonstratur Venet. 1568. Gesner . Biblioth.

He composed thirty Books of History in a learned and grave style , and wrote ten Books of Mythology , a learned and laborious Work , in which he demonstrates , that almost all the opinions of Natural Philosophy was contained under the fables of the Ancients .

R. Mardochai * * Scripsit librum hoc titulo Illuminans semitam , id est , Concordantias Hebraicas , in quibus juxta seriem alphabeti singulorum vocabulorum radices , & significationes posuit , & his exempla omnia , quae in Bibliis reperiuntur , subjecit . Alsted Eucyclop . l. 32. c. 10. Nathan .

Inscriptis Talmudicis versatissimus L'Empereur Talmud . Babyl . Cod. mid . cap. 4. Sect. 1.

There is

His Hebrew Concordance of the Bible .

Gabriel Naudaeus , a learned Frenchman . Gabriel Naudaeus Parisius , nominis inter literatos magni . Gassend . De vita Peireskii . lib. 4.

He wrote Advis pour dresser une Bibliotheque : De Studio Liberali Syntagma .

Ioannes Nauclerus , nobilis Suevus ▪ fuit filius Ioannis Vergae , vulgo Vergenhaus , quod nantam notat ; unde Nauclerus ▪ Graeca appellatione * * Quomodo Ioannes Reuchlinus ab Hermolao Barbaro Graeco nomine dictus Capnio , & Philippus , cujus familia à nigro solo vocatur , Graecum Melanchthonis nomen à Reuchline accepit , & retinuit . Voss ▪ ibid. vocatus . Voss. De Hist. Lat. l. 3. p. 581.

Ioannes Reuclinus was his Scholar .

Andreas Navagerius . Navagerius tantam in Latina lingua puritatem acquisivit , ut inter primos sui saeculi Oratores jure numerari possit , maximo in honore in Senatu Veneto semper habitus . Boissardi Bibliotheca .

A most compleat Poet , Orator and Historian .

He hath written a History De rebus Venetis .

Two most elaborate Orations , and divers Poems .

Annotations upon all Ovids works .

Gregory Nazianzene , Anno Dom. 370. 361. Helv. Chron. Gregorii Nazianzeni pietas propemodum ex aequo certat cum facundia . Sed amat significantes argutias , quas eò difficilius est Latine reddere , quòd pleraeque sint in verbis sitae . Tota verò phrasis nonnihil accedit ad structuram Isocraticam . Adde quòd de rebus divinis , quae vix ullis verbis humanis explicari possunt , libenter ac frequenter philosophatur . Eras. Epist. l. 26. Epist. 33. Vide l. 28. Ep. 7. Sanctus Gregorius , Episcopus Nazianze●●● , cognomento Theologus , S. Bas●lii aequalis , & studiorum comes , floruit sub Valente , & anno 11. Theodosii obiit , teste Sancto Hieronymo de Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis Multa scripsit , in quibus sapientiam cum eloquentia mirificè copulavit Bellarm. De Script . Eccles. Ab omnibus Graecis ob singularem autoritatis suae excellentiam primus post Divi Ioannis Evangelistam Theologi ac magni cognomentis illustratus , vir fuit tam Philosophiae quam Theologiae opibus affluens , & omnium sui temporis soluta ac pedestri oratione eloquentissimus . Hic Basilio magno arctissima ●uit necessitudine conjunctus , & divum Hieronymum in divinarum Scripturarum studiis auditorem ac discipulum habuit . Obtinuit etiam in Ecclesia Graeca tantum autoritatis pondus , ut quicunque testimonio ejus refragari auderet , statim vel haereticus haberetur , vel haereseos suspicione notaretur . Sixt. Se●ens . Biblioth. l. 4.

He was famous for his piety and learning , zeal and patience .

He was Ieroms Master .

It is generally received that he was Bishop of Nazianzum , by Ierome himself in Catal. Bellarm. De Script . Eccles. Camerarius . Yet by Gregorius who wrote Nazianzens Life , and indeed by Nazianzen himself in his Epistles , it appears that he was there an assistant to his Father being old and weak , and thereupon it is commonly thought that he himself enjoyed the place .

That Gregory which bears the name of the place where his Father was Bishop , though he never enjoyed the Bishoprick it self . Mr Gatak . 2 d Answ. to Lilie .

Constantinopolitanam sedem ab Arianis Episcopis purgavit . Geneb . Chronol. lib. 3.

Aelius Antonius Nebrissensis . Angelus Politianus & Hispanus noster , qui pro varia , ac latè patenti eruditione , quum esset diligenter in omni scriptorum genere versatas , potuisset quodcuaque nomen usurpare , non solum cum magna professorum ejusce artis venia , sed cum magna etiam laetitia , quod non parum gloriae professioni suae acces●urum ex hujusmodi nominis splendore & celebritate existimassent , nihil tamen dici & haberi maluit quam Grammaticus . Lud. Viv. De Caus. corrupt . Art. l. 2. Hic ille est , qui bonas literas primus in Hispania excitarit . Idem ex Grammatico , & Rhetore regio , factus est Historiographus regius . Variae omnino eraditionis vi● erat ; eoque illum nomine etiam Erasmus laudat in Ciceroniano sub . Mo●●ens opera sua castiganda testamento reliquit Ario Barbose , Lusitano , Politiani discipulo , qui prim●s literas Graecas in Hispaniam intulit , ac bonas literas viginti annis Salamanticae publicè docuit . Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 3 p 590.

There is a Dictionary of his .

Nicander .

A Physician and most excellent Poet.

There are his

Theriaca .

Alexipharmaca .

Poemata Gr. & Lat.

Nicephorus Callistus . Anno Aerae Christianae 1298. Helv. Chron. Floruit circa annum Domini 1400. Illyr. Catal.

He hath written an Ecclesiastical History in two Tomes , consisting of eighteen Books .

Nicephorus Gregoras , Anno Dom. 1340. 1385. Historiam suam Ecclesiasticam à Christi nativitate ad annum 625. decurrentem conf●cit . Geneb . Chronol. lib. 4.

There are these Works of his ,

Hist. Gr. & Lat.

Hist. Byzantinae .

Nice●es Cho●●ates , Anno Dom. 1210. Purum rectumque ingenium , si allud illo aevo . Stilus ejus operosus , Poetas & Homerum saepe resipiens ; at res & narratio ipsa distincta , composita , sine vanitate , sine ineptiis , brevis quod satis sit , & fida . Crebra apud eum & opportuna monita : judicia non libera solum sed sana . Li●● . Notae ad 1. lib. Polit.

There are these Works of his ,

De ordine qui observatur cum quis à Saracenismo ad Christianam fidem venit .

Thesauri orthodoxae fidei .

Contra Iudaeos cum notis .

Nicolaus quintus , Papa . Nicolaus aevi sui decus . In Vaticana Bibliotheca missi● undique viris doctissimis qui optimos quosque libros perquirerent , tria millia librorum condidit . Nicolao Per●to , Guareto Veronens● , The●dor● Gaza , Pogio & Vall● ut plurimos Graecorum libros latinitate donarent author ●uit . Quinque ducatorum millia Matthai Evangelium hebraica lingua conscriptum proferenti pollicitus est . Relque literatiae intermortuae & extremas horas ducenti in tempor● suppetias tulit . Nomenclat . Sanctae Romanae Eccles. Cardinalium . Laudatur quidem ejus liberalitas , qua in omnes usus est , maxime erga litteratos , quos & pecunia , & officiis cu●ialibus , & beneficiis mirifice juvit . Eos enim praemiis nunc ad lectiones publicas , nunc ad componendum de integro aliquid , nunc ad vertendos Graecos auctores in Latinum ita pepulit , ut litterae Graecae & Latinae , quae sexcentis jam ●●●●● anois in ●●tuat tenebris jac●erant , tum demum splendorem aliquem ade●tae sint . Misit & litteratos per omnem Europam , quorum industria libri conquirerentur , qui majorum negligentia & barbarorum rapinis jam perierant . Platina ●e vi●●● Pontificum Romanorum .

He was a great favourer and Patrone of Learning and learned men , therefore many great Scholars flocked to him , as Georgius Trapezuntins , Georgius Valla , Demetrius Graecus , Nicolaus Perottus , and others , by whose help many Authours were brought out of darknesse and illustrated , and turned out of Greek into Latine .

He incouraged learned men also by rewards to the study of Learning , they easily obtaining the chiefest places of honour : Of whom that might well be verified ,

Sint Maecenates , non deerunt Flacce Marones .

When it was told him that there was some at Rome , which would make good Verses , he denied that they were good . Cum enim ( inquit ) ad me non veniunt , qui Poetis etiam malis patco . Molestè tulit homo sapiens in urbe sua esse qui literas s●irent & nescirentur . Polit. Epist. l. 12. Epist. 119.

His holinesse is reported to be such , that he never sold to any one the Magistrates place for money .

Singulos Homeri libros ducentis aureis ; latinis versibus reddendos curavit . Waynfleti 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 .

Io. Nider .

He hath written Consolatorium Conscientia timoratae , A Consolation of an affrightted Conscience .

Doctor Hall and Doctor Twisse mention this Book sometimes , at least the later .

He acknowledgeth there , that every childe of God hath the direction of the Spirit to lead him into all truth necessary to salvation .

He hath also written ,

De Reformat . Religiosorum .

Decaelogi Explicatio .

And other Works .

Theod. à Niem . Qui tribus Papis amanuensis & à S●●●etis fuit . ●olin . Hyperaspistes . l. 1. c. 33. Aliquot Paparum intimus scriba , vixit ante annos 150. vir bonus & mediocriter doctus . Descripsit bona fide historiam schismatis inter Papas , quod ante Constantiense Concssium per annos 39. duravit . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. Scripsit De Schisma●e quod in Ecclesia Romana inter Urbanum Papam , & Clementem antipapam , eorumque successores per 39. annos , ab anno Christi 1379. usque ad Concilium Constantienso duravit , in tres libros diviso , quibus non solūm Pontificum , verum etiam Regum , Principum , ac totius imperii res gestae ejus temporis magna ex parte continentur . Toto autem eo tempore hujus operis author semper alterius partis Pontificibus familiaris atque à literis suit . Gesn. Biblioth.

He was Secretary to three Popes . He lived at Rome under Urban the sixth , Boniface the ninth , Innocent the seventh , Gregory the twelfth .

Vixit in a●la quinque Paparum , intimus eorum Scriba & tandem Episcopus Verdensis factus . Gerh. Confess . Cathol. l. 2. Spec. Artic. 3. c. 4.

He hath written ,

De Schismate in Ecclesia .

De potestate Imperiali & Papali .

P. Placidus Nigidius . P. Nigidius homo in omnium bonarum artium disciplinis egregius . Constantini Supplementum Linguae Latinae .

He hath put out ,

Mariale , seu de devotione erga Virginem Dominam 4. opuscula .

In Cantica Canticorum Expositio duplex .

Io ▪ Nirembergius , an eloquent Author .

De arte voluntatis 8● .

De origine Sarae Scripturae . Fol.

Stromata Sacra . Fol.

Spiritualium Institutionum Pandectae . Fol.

Marius * * Cicero●is ▪ illa simia Meibomii Maece●as . Nizolius .

He hath put out Thesaurus Ciceronianus .

Flaminius Nobilius .

He hath put out several Works , Nobilis nobilius .

De hominis foelicitate .

De vera & falsa voluptate .

De honore .

Quaestiones Logicae vari● .

Andreas Nolthius , A great Mathematician . D. Andreas Nolthius se mathematum apprimè gnarum esse in Scripturis suis , partim Latinè partim vernacula lingua editis , satis evidenter declaravit . Tych. Bra● . l. 2. De Cometa Anni 1517. c. 10.

Nonnus Pampolit . There are his Nonnus Panapolitanus , qui & Iohannis Evangelistae Evangelium erudita Paraphrasi Graeca carmine heroico exposuit , & Dionifiacôn libros 48. qui o●bem fabularum Poeticarum continent , Poema varium & eruditum , eodem carminis genere conscripsit , annis superioribus prolatos & editos è Bibliotheca clarissimi viri Iohannis Sa●buci , cui tùm illos libros , à se de ruderibus Bibliothecarum Graecarum ●erutos , tùm aliquot alios Graecos utiles & eruditos scriptores debemus . Neand. Geog. parte tertia .

Dionysiaca Lat. & Gr.

Metaphrasis Evang. Iohannis Graecè .

Alexander Nowel Dean of Pauls .

A learned and pious Divine , and Uncle to the famous Whitaker .

There is his reproof of a Book entitled , A Proof of certain Articles in Religion , denied by Mr Jewel , set forth by Thomas Dorman Bachelour of Divinity .

Reproof of Mr Dormans proof continued , with a Defence of the chief Authority of Princes , as well in Causes Ecclesiastical as Civil , within their Dominions , by Dorman maliciously impugned .

Confutation as well of Mr Dormans last Book , entitled , A Disproof , &c. as also of Dr Sanders Causes of Transubstatiation .

His larger and lesser Catechism written by him in Latine .

Gregory Nyssene , he flourished Anno Dom. 380. in the raign of Gratia● , Valentinian Gregori●● Episcopus Nyssenus , quem Graeci honoris causa Patrem patrum appellant , divi Basilii magni frater , Academicis ac Peripateticis disciplinis excultus , vir eloquentiae nervosae pres●ae . Sixt. Se●ens . Bibliotheca Sancta . and Theodosius .

Basil was his brother , he was contemporary to Epiphanius and Ierom.

CHAP. II. ●

BErnhardinus Ochinus .

Of Sene , being had in great estimation among the Italians for his eloquence and vertue , forsaking the monastical kinde of life , gave himself to the Doctrine of the Gospel . And coming first to Geneva , and after to Auspurge , set forth certain Sermons in print . Sleid ▪ Comment. l. 19. p. 298. Infelicis memoriae vir . Bez. Epist. 4.

He was a Socinian . Vide Boxhorn . Hist. univers . p. 74 , 75.

An Heretick , See Beza's Epist. 1.

Ch. Oclandus , a famous English Poet.

He hath written Anglorum praelia .

Guliel . de Ockam . A learned Englishman . Gulielmus Ockam natione Anglus , Iohannis Scoti quondam discipulus , vir in Scripturis divinis eruditus , & in Philosophia Aristotelica notabiliter doctus , ingenio subtilis & clarus eloquio . Hic contra Io●annem vic●simum secundum haere●im fratricellorum damnantem , una cum Petro Piceno quem Ludovicus Imperator in Idolum erexerat , & Nicolaum quintum appellari ●ecerat agens & scribens , eumque haereticum esse pronuntians , ab eo excommunicatus est . Qui ad Ludovicum Imperatorem aequè excommunicatum fugiens dixit ei : O Imperator defende me gladio , & ego defendam ie verb● . Mansit itaque excommunicatus cum excommunicato usque ad ●inem vitae , & in morte tandem absolutus ●uit . Trithem . De Scrip. Eccl. Gulielmus O●ch●mus Lutetiam bonis avibus profectus est : Ubi Ioanne Duns homine Schotto Philosopho illius ●tatis juxta ac Theologo doctissimo praeceptore usus est , à quo tam multa didicit , tam multa praeterea suapte industria , dum omnis generis autores legeret , perquisivit , ut tandem Schottum ipsum si non superaverit doctrina tamen aequaveri● . Iohan. Leland . Collectan . de viris Illust.

The Scholar of Iohn Scotus , a famous Divine .

Once a worthy Fellow of Merton Colledge in Oxford . He was sirnamed Doctor invincibilis in argumento qui excessit modum ingenii humani . Scalig.

He flourished in the time of the Emperour Lewis the fourth , about the year of our Lord 1320.

Odo Abbot of Clun is commended for his knowledge in divine and humane learning . Odo Cluniacensis .

Io. Oecolampadius . Anno Epochae Christianae 1482.

He made good the splendor of his own name , when dying of the plague , he could lay his hand upon his brest , and say , Hic abunde lucis est .

There was a great league of friendship between him and Zuinglius , so that the Primus Reformator & verus Pastor Ecclesiae Basiliensis . Zuinglius & ille eruditione , studiis , a utoritate , loco , aetate pares erant : inter quos tanta animorum Conjunctio , ut amicitia sanctior certiorque , quam vera conciliarit pietas , vix inter ullos unquam fuerit . Verheiden . Sub finem Novembris Oecolampadius è vita decessit : ex interitu Zuinglii maximum animo perceperat dolorem , e●que res morbum etiam auxisse putatur : erant enim conjunctissimi . Natus fuit annos quadraginta novem. Extant ejus in Prophetas aliquot , lucubrationes , quae valde probantur doctis . Sleid. De statu Relig. & Reipub. l. 8. Ob trilinguem eruditionem & ob sanae doctrinae scientiam & usum , denique ob antiquitatis Ecclesiasticae exactam cognitionem Oecolampadius sua aetate mihi palmam obtinuisse videtur : & exstant 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 judicia D. Capitonis & D. Buceri . Grynaei Epist. l. 1. Ep. 3. Oecolampadium extinctum , utinam possem doler● jure . Sic enim literae & doctrina hominis postulabant , nisi ex●itisset ille in alio genere perniciosus . Sadolet . Epist. l. 4. Erasmo . Vide ejus Epist ibid. Bonifacio Amerbac●io . tidings of Zuinglius his death ( as Sleidan , and Thuanus report ) was a means to hasten his .

Oecumenius . Graecus autor , valde doctus , in explicandis divinis Scripturis brevis , apertus , & elegans , atque in veterum Commentariis evoluendis assiduè versatus . Sixc. Senens . Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4.

He hath collected short and perspicuous Expositions out of divers Commentaries of the Fathers , upon the Acts of the Apostles , the seven Canonical Epistles , all Pauls Epistles .

Ogilvy a Scotch Poet.

His Translation of Virgil , and of the Fables of Aesop in very excellent English verses , is commended .

Caspar Olevian .

Legeram antea quae in Epistolam ad Galatas scripseras , & nunc quaedam quae ad Romanos , placet brevitas , analysis , perspicuitas , fidelis explicatio , atque etiam aculei : Credo laborem istum tuum , non futurum Ecclesiae inutilem . Zanch. l. 2. Epist. Casp. Oleviano .

Onkelos a a Sive paullò ante Christum natum , atque eo in terris agente , vixerit ; ut plurium opinio est : sive , ut alii arbitrantur , sit idem ac Aquila Ponticus , qui seculo , & amplius , junior fuit . Voss. De Arte Gram. l. 1. c. 31. .

He made the Chaldee Metaphrase of the Pentateuch .

Onuphrius Panvinius ; Romae instaurator , & pater Historiarum . Scriv. Animad.

Vir doctissimus , & in omni historia ad miraculum usque versatus . Montac . Apparat . 3.

Augustinus Onupbrius Pontificis Romani cubicularius , omnia Vaticanae Bibliothecae acta diligenter evoluit . Bod. De Repub. l. 1. c. 10. Pater Romanae Historiae , vir longe peritissimus in Commentar. ad secundum librum Fastorum à quo sua omnia transcripsit Livius plagiarius Onuphrione quidem nominato . Montac . Appar . 11. Onufrius Panvinus Veronensis Eremita Augustinianus , vir ad omnes & Romanas , & Ecclesiasticas antiquitates è tenebris eruendas natus , quod praeclara ejus & ad omnem aeternita●em victura monumenta testantur . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. lib. 41.

vers. in l. 8. Mart.

A great Humanist , who wrote the lives of the Popes . Boxhornius ( in his general History from Christs time ) cals him Diligentissimum Onuphrium , Manutius helluonem antiquitatis , Scaliger patrem historiae , Lipsius principalis Historiae & Fastorum rerum patrem .

Ioannes Oporinus , Professour of the Greek and Latine Tongue , and Printer at Vir doctus opersus & elegans , libris innumeris partim à se scriptis , partim aliorum à se publicatis , celeberrimus . Boissardi Icones . Basill .

He was born Anno 1508.

A religious and sincere man , very liberal to all Scholars , and very respective to his Father .

His Works are mentioned by Melch. Ad. in his Life .

Oppian a famous Greek Poet.

Anno Dom. 210.

Exulans cum patre suo Agefilao viro opulento , in exilio clarissima poemata scripsit : Et Severo Imperatore ( qui patrem in exilium egerat ) defuacto . Romam est profectus : suaque carmina Antonino filio exhibuit : unde & regressum patris ab exilio impetravit , & pro quolibet carmine aureum numisma suscepit . Habet stilum floridum & planum cum facundia & maturitate , & in sententiis ac parabolis praecipuè excellit . Iac. Fris. Biblioth. Philos.

He received for every verse a piece of gold of the Emperour Antoninus .

Optatus , in the year of our Lord 370. Optatus Mileuitanus .

That learned Bishop of Milleuita .

There are his Works together , among which one is De Schismate Donatistarum .

Origen . He was Scholar to Clemens Alexandrinus . Vide Matth. Westmon . p. 62.

His errours were so great and hainous , that thence the Sect of Origenists is called . Origenes Adamantius , vir singularis doctrinae ; & in cognitione linguarum nulli doctorum Ecclesiae cedens . Guid. Fabrit . in N. T. Syr. Lat. Interpret . Praefat.

If any man desire to see a Catalogue of Origens errours , he may have recourse to the learned Epistle of St Ierom , Ad Avitum .

Vincentius Lyrinensis adversus Haereses . c. 23. writes , Errorem Origenis propter ejus tum doctrinam tum zelum magnam in Dei Ecclesia fuisse tentationem . Vide August . de Haeres . p. 199 , 200. & Bezae Praefat. ad Annot. in N. T.

He lived in the year of our Lord 230. 193. saith Helvicus . 203. Calvisius .

He was almost wholly of the third Age. Hic amore castitatis se castravit : Novum & vetus Testamentum memoriter novit : Iam senex Hebraicam didicit linguam . Wolfii Lect. memor . Centen. 3.

He wrote exceeding much , yet there remaineth now little in comparison of that Origenis praeceptores , Clemens Alexandrinus & Ammonius . Geneb . Chron. l. 3. Secundus Ecclesiae magister post Apostolos . Hieron . Origenes tantum in Scripturis divinis habuit studii , ut etiam Hebraeam linguam , contra aetatis gentisque suae naturam edisceret . Dialecticam , & Geometriam , & Astronomiam , & Arithmeticam , Musicam , Grammaticam , & Rhetoricam , omniumque Philosophorum sectas ita didicit , ut studiosos quoque saecularium litterarum sectatores haberet , & interpretaretur eis quotidie , concursusque ad eum miti fierent , quos ille propterea recipiebat , ut sub occasione saecularis litteraturae , in fide Christi eos institueret . Hieron . De Script . Eccles. Sena millia librorum scripsit . Epiphan. haeres . 4. Hexaplorum Conditor Origenes qui cum duabus posuisset & columellis sacrum contextum , semel Hebraeis , atque iterum Graecis literis , duabus his addidit columellas quatuor , versionem LXX . Aquilae , Symmachi , & Theodotionis : unde & Hexapla dicebantur . Voss. de Art. Gram. l. 1. he wrote , and that so corrupted , that it nothing answereth the famous report of Learning which he had in the Church in his time . All his Works now extant revised by Erasmus , were printed at Basil by Frobenius , 1536.

He was in his Age a mirrour of gravity , integrity , constancy , zeal , piety , learning of all sorts , both divine and humane , of so happy a memory that he had the Bible without book , of such admirable eloquence , that not words but honey seemed to drop from his lips ; of so indefatigable industry , that he was called Adamantius , and was said by some to have written six thousand books . Dr. Crakanth . Vigilius D●rmitans .

Est certè hic scriptor adeò omnibus modis impurus ; sive ita ipse scripsit , sive depravata postea fuerunt ejus scripta , ut nullam in Ecclesia authoritatem in rebus controversis mereatur . Bezae Epist. 29. He often reproves him also in his Annotat. on the New Testament .

Orontius Fineus , Professour of the Mathematicks at Paris under Francis the first .

He was born at Brianson a Town in Dauphinè , the year of our Lord 1494.

He composed five Books ,

De Arithmetica practica .

Two Books , De Geometria practica .

Five Books , De mundi Sphaera .

Commentaries upon the six first Books of the Elements of Geometry by Euclide .

And divers other Works mentioned by Thevet Vies Des hommes illustres . l. 6. Natione Hispanus : Claruit vita & doctrina illustri , cum sancto Augustino Anno 420. Vir in divinis Scripturis eruditus : & in secularibus litteris peritissimus . Vita & conversatione clarissimus fuit . Biblioth. Hisp. Tom. 2. Anno gratiae 416. Orosius presbyter & historiographus claret . Mat. Westm. p. 77.

Paulus Orosius .

He was Austens Scholar . Nobilissimus ille rerum Christianarum Historicus . Montac . Exercit. 11.

Orpheus , a very ancient Poet , long before Homer . There is little of his extant .

Abraham Ortelius . He was born in Antwerp that famous Mart of the world . Geographus fuit Regius , ac seculi nostri Ptolomaeus . Orbem enim terrarum universum manu ornavit ; mente contempsit , quod & symboli loco usurpare solebat , orbis seu globi terrestris picturam amplexus manu . Valeri Andreae Biblioth. Belg. Thesaurum abs te mi Orteli , vidi & in parte legi : verè Thesaurum . Condita in eo habes quicquid Graecia aut Latium habuit , in ea quidem argumenti parte placet materies , ordo , industria : illa utilissima , iste facillimus , haec summa . Lips . Epist. Cent. 2. Epist. 39. Abrahamo Ortelio . Edidit Theatrum orbis terrarum , hoc est , Geographicas tabulas praecipuarum regionum totius orbis , elegantissimè sculptas & in unum volumen conjunctas , in folio magno seu regali , addita cujusque regionis brevi descriptione , & commemoratione auctorum qui illam descripsere . Antwerpiae 1570. Gesn. Biblioth.

He was given to Geography from his youth , and spared no cost or pains to perfect his knowledge therein , travelling far and often for that purpose . Cosmographus ad miraculum usque politissimus & laboriosissimus . Chyt . Scol . in Paraph. Ps. Buchanani .

His Thesaurus Geographicus is an excellent Work , instar omnium , and his Theatrum .

Lipsius , Gesner , and others much magnifie it , Edito pulcherrimo orbis terrarum Theatro , & renovatâ antiquorum locorum per tabulas propriâ industria eleganter depictas memoriâ . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 120.

Quo in opere ( saith Melchior Adam in his Life ) ita omnibus suam probavit industriam : ut à Philippo II. illo Principe Principum , Geographi Regii insignibus sit orornatus . Scripsit & Thesaurum Geographicum , in quo omnium totius terrae regionum , montium , promontoriorum , collium , silvarum , insularum , portuum , populorum , urbium , oppidorum , pagorum , item Oceani marium , fretorum , fluviorum , & ejusmodi nomina & appellationes veteres , additis magna ex parte etiam recentioribus opus eruditum lectuque jucundum .

Andreas Osiander , Anno Christi 1498. the Epitomizer of the Centuriators , Osiandri fanaticum delirium de essentiali justitia non multò magis opinor , te vel sane quenquam men is hominem exercuerit . Bezae Epist. 1. Vide Calv. Epist. contra Osiandrum p. 415 , 416. & Melch. Ad. in ejus vita . Quod se Osiander nobis subduxit , imo non sine violento impetu se proripuit , non mirum , nec tantopere dolendum . Tu enim expertus pridem es , ex eo esse ferarum genere , quae nunquam cicurantur : Et ego semper inter nostra dedecora eum numeravi . Quo certe die mihi primum visus est , profanum hominis ingenium , & foedos mores sum detesturus . Calv. Epist. Melancthoni . skilfull in the Hebrew , Greek and Latine .

Beza Epist. 59. cals him , Phanaticum & impurissimum Ecclesiarum turbatorem .

He held that the righteousnesse of Christ , by which we are justified , was his essential righteousnesse , as God . But , 1. That is incommunicable to us . 2. If that had been required to our Justification , Christ needed not to have been incarnate . Paul saith Rom. 5 19. We are made righteous by the obedience of one man .

Hier. Osorius . Singulis immorari excutiendis haud necesse arbitror , praesertim quum vel tria solum verba tribus ejus totis dissolvendis libris , quantumlibet verbosis suffecerint . Quum nihil ferè in scriptore hoc , totoque ejus opere conspicias , quin aut mendacium sit , aut maledictum aut error : quid amplius quisquam hic ad justam responsionem requirat , quam tria haec solum verba , quae ubi expresser● , satis mihi videbor brevissimo , sed verissimo compendio omnia expressisse , quaecunque vasta hujus nugacissimi declamatoris contineat loquacitas 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , 1. Mentiris , 2. Maledicis , 3. Falleris . Ioan. ●oxi Continuata Respons . ad Osor. l. 2. p. 72. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 71. Consule ipsius literas & libros , tum has maxime Philippicas contra Lutherum & Haddonum elucubratas . An quisquam per omnem vitam , tot unquam mendacia mendaciis cumulavit ? tot blasphemias & maledicta congessit ? tot errores prodidit ? tot contumelias , insanlas , fumos , praestigias vanitates , glorias , ineptias , & jactationes thrasonicas , tantam denique effraenatae mentis rabiem tot scurriles rixas , sannas , morsusque ; Cynicas , vel factis , vel oratione unquam effinxit , expressit , evomuit , atque iste in hoc uno libello ostendit ? In quo Lutheri nunquam nomen reperies , nisi adjuncto ad contumeliam , furiosi , aut amentis , aut in sani aliquo Epitheto . Ioan. Foxi Continuata Respons . ad Osor. l. 2. p. 103 , 104.

An eloquent man , and too precise a follower of Tully . In his Book against Luther and Doctor Haddon he dares not name the words of Justification or Predestination . And I wonder ( saith Mr. Fox ) that he dares insert the name of Christ in his Books , since it is not found in Tully . Nec Iustificationis aut praedestinationis vocabula ipsa vel nominare audes . Ac miror equidem , quod Christi nomen , quod apud Ciceronem nunquam legitur , non dubites libellis tuis inspergere .

His Book De gloria is most esteemed .

Arnald Ossat a French Cardinal . Cardinalis Ossatus vir eruditione , prudentia , integritate , suavitate morum eximiè conspicuus . Gassend . De vita Peireskii l. 1. Arnaldus Ossatus diaecesis Auxitanae Gallus , judicii per omnia perpensi Cardinalis , patriae suae negotia pro solatiis accipiens iisdem Romae soeliciter insenescere voluit : Scripsit expositionem in disputationem Iacobi Carpentarii de methodo , additionem ad eandem expositionem , Epistolas aliquot adversus Carpentarium . Nomenclat . Sanctae Romanae Eccles. Cardinalium . Ossatus Augusta Ausciorum in tenui re natus cum ad probos mores & summum animi candorem raram Philosophiae , Mathematicarum artium , & jurisprudentiae cognitionem adjecisset , initio in Schola Ramaea educatus , ubi acerrimas contra Iacobum Carpentarium contentiones exercuit , &c. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 92.

His and Cardinal Perrons French Letters are esteemed usefull , both for the understanding of Ecclesiastical , and State-affairs .

He was Scholar to Petrus Ramus .

Otto the second Sonne to Otto the first .

He being overcome at a Sea fight by the Grecians , and carried away by Pyrates , being unknown by reason of his skill in the Greek tongue , he escaped safe into Sicilie , and afterward he punished them .

William Oughtred , a very learned Mathematician .

He hath published ,

Clavis Mathematica .

He hath put out these Works in English ,

The Circle of Proportion .

The Horrizontal Instrument .

The Artificial gauging Line or Rod.

Ovid. Jam ad eum pervenimus locum in quo & ingenii magnitudo & acumen judicii exercenda sunt : Quis enim de Ovidi● satis digne dicere possit nedum ut eum audeat reprehendere . Scalig. Hyper Critic . ● . 1. Ex ordine equestri fuit . Ingenio fuit , ut mihi quidem videtur , parato facilique ; sed qui nimium sibi aliquando indulgeret Suopte naturae instituto puez ad Poeticam ferebatur , vetùm parentis monitionibus oratoriae facultati operam dare compulsus est , in qua , si Senecae credimus , egregiè profecit , nonnullae ejus Epistolae tanta arte & elegantia conscriptae sunt , ut in eo genere absolutius qui dam nihil fieri posse existiment . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Hist. Dial. 4. Ut secundus à Marone , ita primus caeterorum : neque minus tamen , prope ultimus bonotum . Boxhorn . Monum . Illust. Vir. & Elog. Vide plura ibid. Anno Divinae Incarnationis 18. Ovidius Poeta eximius in exilio periit . Fuerat enim proscriptus ab Augusto Casare , & in Pontum insulam missus , propter uxorem ejus , de qua habebatur suspectus . Dictum est autem , quod de ea libros metrice composuerat , & ideo ab eodem est in exilium relegatus . Matth. Westm. Flores Hist. p. 45.

He had a natural genius to Poetry .

Quicquid conabar dicere versus erat .

Nascitur Poeta , fit Orator .

Lactantius cals his Metamorphosis Opus praeclarissimum .

As Tibullus and he were born in one day , so he and Livie died on another , that his birth and death might be nobly accompanied . Sands in the Life of Ovid.

CHAP. III. P

RIchard Pacie Dean of Pauls . Richardus Pacaeus vir prae . claris animi dotibus praeditus , multiplici doctrina excultus . Habebat ingeni . um acre , judicium maturum . Constans , solidum , memoriam foelicem , linguam promptam & expeditam . In peritia linguarum Latinae , Graecae & Hebraicae , cum doctissimis sui saeculi viris de palma merito contendere potuit . Pitsaeus Relat. Histor. de rebus Angliae . Scripsit librum de fructu & utilitate artium ac scientiarum , diversas ad Erasmum Roterod. Epistolas , ac orationes varias ad principes Gesn. Biblioth.

He was Secretary for the Latine Tongue to King Henry the eighth . He was of great ripenesse of wit , learning and eloquence , also expert in forraign Languages . He was sent in the Kings affairs Embassadour to Venice , which function there he so discharged , that it is hard to say , whether he procured more commendation or admiration among the Venetians , for his dexterity of wit , and specially for the singular promptnesse in the Italian Tongue . For opinion and same of Learning , he was accepted , not onely here in England with Linacro , Grocinus , More , and others , but also known and reported abroad in such sort , that in all the great heap of Erasmus his Epistles , he wrote almost to none so many , as to him . Foxes Acts and Monum . Vol. 2. p. 247. c. 1.

He was after distracted , but he prettily well came to his wits , and began to study the Hebrew Tongue with Wakefield .

He hath written upon Ecclesiastes .

He begins his Book De fructu qui ex doctrina percipitur , thus , Ric. Pac. Ad Scient. Profes . Epist.

Librum doctissimi viri , non adeo brevem , unius spatio mensis scriptum mirabimini .

He saith further , that it was composed Constantiae in publico hypoca●sto .

Fabius * * Logicae primùm , mox Philosophiae operam dedit , in qua à summis illius aetatis professoribus Pendasio , Franc. Piccolomineo , & Iacobo Zabarellā , quicquid notitiâ dignum desiderari potuit , fervore ingenii , assiduitate studii , & vigillis hausit : Tomas . Illust. Vir vitae . Vide plura ibid. Pacius .

His several Works are mentioned by Tomasinus in his Elogia virorum Literis & Sapientia Illustrium .

Iulius Pacius his younger brother .

An. M. D. L. in lucem editus , ingenium politiorum literarum studiis pari cum fratre His several Works are mentioned by Tomasinus in his Elogia . contentione excoluit : eoque profectu . Ut juvenis nondum exacto tertio decimo atatis anno Arithmeticae libellum magnâ facilitate conscripserit . Thomas . Elog.

He was an excellent Grecian , he illustrated Aristotles Organ with most copious Notes , and published many learned Commentaries upon many of his books of Philosophy , and elucidated many books of the Civil-Law with Commentaries or Notes .

Besides his knowledge of the Civil and Canon-Law , he was skilled with knowledge of all Learning , the Mathematicks , History , Poetry , much given to the reading of the ancient Fathers , and Ecclesiastical History , skilfull in the Latine , Greek and Hebrew Languages .

Marcus Pacuvius , a famous Tragaedian . Marcus Pacuvius Tragoediis nobilis . Nepos fuit Quinti Enni , quod Eusebius ac Plinius referunt . Romae vixit in summa claritate nominis . Commendatur maxime illius ingenium , & nativa quaedam facilitas in capiendis liberalibus disciplinis . Cicero hunc ex caeteris omnibus in Tragoedia facile praefert , carmenque ejus maximopere commendat . Boxhorn . Monum . Vir. Illust. & Elog. Vide Pet. Crinit . De Poetis Latinis . l. 1. c. 5.

There are some fragments of his remaining .

Iohn Paget , a learned Divine , as his Arrow against the Separation of the Iohannes Pagetius Theologus doctissimus & Ecclesiae Anglicanae apud Amstelredamenses Pastor . Sanfordus de Descensu Christi ad Inferos . l. 2. p 40 Brownists shews .

Santes Pagninus , an Italian , and a Dominican Frier , a man excellently learned Nostra memo ria Lucam ortunobilitavit Sanctes Pagninus , ex ordine Praedicatorum summus Theologus , & Latinè , Graecè , Hebraicè , Chaldaicè , Arabicéque , ut instrumenti utriusque versio ex Hebraeo Graecóque in Latium , item Isagoge ad mysticos Scripturae sensus ; Gram matica Hebraica Graecaque , ac alia multa litterarum monumenta quae reliquit , abundè testantur . Fato concessit anno à Christo nato M. D. XXXVI . aetatis suae LXX . Lugduni in Gallia . Leand. Descript. tot . Ital. in Tuscia . Santes Pagninus vir ex D. Dominici familia ob insignem pietatem , sacrae Theologiae cognitionem & summam denique linguarum peritiam maximè conspicuus . Cujus viri Latina ex Hebraica veritate sacrorum librorum interpretatio non parum candidis Theologis ad sacrae Scripturae arcana intelligenda adjumentum attulit . Arrae Montani Praefat. ad Bibl. Heb. Interlin . Santes Pagninus Dominicus Lexicon Hebraicum edidit , tanta eruditione refertum ut etiam Rabbinos in eo argumenti genere vicerit , & reliquos à praestantiore conficiendo deterruerit . Geneb . ●●ron . l. 4. Thesaurus linguaesanctae sive Lexicon Hebraicum : ex quo non solum vocularum significata , sed & abstrusiores quoque sacrae Scripturae sensus , è variis Rabinorum Commentariis selectos haurire , licet . Gesn. Biblioth. in the Hebrew Tongue .

There is his

Thesaurus Linguae Sanctae cum recognit Merceri . Fol.

Epitome Thesauri Linguae Sanctae .

And other Works .

Petrus de Palude , vel Paludanus , Anno Dom. 1320.

He hath written upon the Gospels , on the third and fourth Book of the Sennces .

De Causa immediata Eccles. potestatis .

De audientia Confessorum .

Iacobus Pamelius . Vir & sacrae antiquitatis peritissimus , & cùm multis scriptis , quibus eam illustravit , tum una & altera Tertulliani & B. Cypriani Editione magnam gratiam à doctis & piis omnibus consecutus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. lib. 8● .

He was born at Bridges in Flanders , Anno 1536.

He was excellently versed in both prophane and sacred History .

He hath not only made Cyprian and Tertullian better , but also illustrated them with learned Commentaries .

Guido Pancirolus .

He hath published ,

Com. in notitiam utramque dignitatum tam Orientis quam Occidentis .

Thesaurus variarum lectionum utriusque juris .

And other Works .

Franciscus Panicarola .

Three at that time in concionibus dicendi laude florebant , Panicarola , Tolet & Lupus . There being three things required of an Orator , Ut doceat , ut delectet , ut moveat , it was commonly said then , Lupus movet , Toletus docet , Panicarola delectat .

Anton. Panormita Privy-Councelour to Alphonsus King of Spain and Naples . Siculus , publicè octingentis aureis annuis docuit studia literarum . Postea , ut quoque est apud Volatteranum , Alphonso Regi Epistolarum magister fuit deque ejus dictis ac factis edidit libros quatuor . Eos verò Aeneas Sylvius , qui iisdem temporibus vixit ; Commentariis illustravit . Voss. De hist. lat. l. 3. c. 7.

He hath published his memorable sayings and deeds in four Books .

A most famous Poet and Oratour .

Abbas Panormitanus , Anno Dom. 1440. The most learned of the Canonists . Pauormitanus Juris Canonici sacrarumque literarum Callentissimus , ac inter Canonicos legistas cum primis celebris , non pauca rectè contra Papam Papistarumque errores dicit . De elect . cap. significasti , inquit . Uni fideli privato , si meliorem Scripturae authoritatem aut rationem habeat , plus credendum est , quam toci Concilio , vel Papae . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19.

He hath put out

In Libros Decretalium tomos 4.

Consilia & Quaest.

Repertorium Iuris .

Henricus Pantaleon , Anno Christi 1522. Basiliensis medicinae doctor , Poeta laurea●us , historicus & comes Palatinus . Gesn. Biblioth.

He wrote Prosopographiae illustrium virorum Germaniae , & Diarium Historicum .

And divers other Works mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life .

Paphnutius . Famous in Ecclesiastical History . Anno gratiae 352. floruit Paphnutius Episcopus , virtutibus clarus . Matth. Westm. Flor. Hist. p. 73.

Papinianus . A famous Lawyer , he lived under Septimius Severus . Vide Doctorem Duck De Authoritate Juris Civilis Romanorum . lib. 1. cap. 3.

Ioannes Pappus , a learned Lutherane . He was born in the year of Christ , Christianae Religionis nostrae capita fe●è omnia disputando defendit , eorumque veritatem contra adversarios tam Pontificios quam Calvinianos publicè asseruit . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita . 1549.

He published many Works mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue .

He died in the year which he expressed in this Verse , familiar to him in his Inscriptions ,

Ad fine M sI qVis se parat I LLe sapit . Natus anno Christi 1493. Ex famil●a nobili Paracolforum Pat●is auxilio primùm , deinde propria industria doctissimos viros in Germaniâ , Italia , Galliâ , Hispaniâ , aliisque Europae regionibus , nactus est praeceptores : quorum liberali doctrina , & potissimùm propria inquisitione , ut qui esset ingenio acutissimo ac ferè divino , tantum profecit : ut multi testati sint ; in universa Philosophia , tam arcana & abdita eruisse mortalium neminem . Quin etiam alter velut Euclides aut Plato , ad ipsos usque Aegyptios atque Arabes transiit ; ac discendi cupiditate aliquot annos apud illos permansit . Melchior Adam in ejus vita . Docuit autem praeter Academiarum morem , vernacula lingua : vel saltem mixtim , Latinis partim , partim Germanicis verbis : ut nimirum ab omnibus intelligeretur . Memoria adeò fuit felici : ut integra Galeni loca memoriter & expeditè recitarit . Id. ibid.

Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Paracelsus . Bombast . ab Hohenheim , a learned Physician . He had divers names .

He held there were three principles of things , Sulphure , Salt and Mercury . He said Physick was supported by four pillars , the first of which is Philosophy or Physick , which is a knowledge of earth and water , and all things thence begotten , the second Astronomy , which is a knowledge of the other two Elements , and all heavenly bodies . Thirdly , Alchimy , which demonstrates the Compositions and dissolutions of all Bodies . The last is Vertue , which requires that a Physician should be pious toward God , just , constant and faithfull toward men , and a lover of all good .

He often censures and reproves the Ancients , Hippocrates , Galen , and Aristotle not excepted .

Daniel Pareus .

He hath written

Universalis Historiae Profanae Medulla .

Mellificum Atticum .

David * * Erat Theologus inter Reformatos magni nominis , Commentariis in S. Scripturam solide elaboratis , & disputationibus adversus Robertum Bellarminum , clarissimus . Laeti Compend . Hist. Universal . Vir inter nostros magni suô meritô nominis sacrarum litterarum in Heidelbergensi quondam Academia Professor celeberrimus . Dallaei Respons. Apologet. Pareus his Son , a learned Divine of Germany .

He hath written Commentaries , and Adversaria upon all the Books of the Scripture .

Io. Philip Pareus his Sonne .

He hath written

Thesaurus linguae Latinae .

Electa Plantina , & Lexicon Plantinum .

Musae fugitivae .

Theatrum Philosophiae Christianae .

Narratio historica de vita & obitu D. Parei patris ejus .

A Commentary upon Philemon and Iude.

And other Works .

Matthaeus Paris sive Parisius , Anno Dom. 1250. Parisiorum cognomen olim apud Anglos erat , quemadmodum & nunc celebre : nisi quis sentiat illum à vulgò Parisiensem nominatum , quod aliquando Lutetiae studuerit . Iohan. Lel. Collectaneà de viris illustribus M. S. Mattha● Parisiensis Anglicus historicus , floruit ante anno● 350. & redegit in Compendium Historias Angliae , seu praecipuos flores inde decerpsit . In eo opere valde multa narrat de gravissima Papae tyrannide , qui miris artibus omnia Ecclesiarum jura , electiones , investituras , seu confirmationes ad se rapuerit imò & quam miris ac multiplicibus artibus Angliam penitus sit depraedatus , expulaverit , & exuxerit . Narrat idem multa & de certaminibus Scholae Parisiensis cum Monachis . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 16. Vide Wolfii Lect. Memorab . Tom. 10. pag. 694.

A Benedictine Monk of the Monastery of St Albane here in England , a very faithfull and diligent Authour .

He wrote Historiam Anglicanam the English History , from the year of the Lord 1066 , even unto the year 1201.

Vir omnium citimae aetatis historicorum Anglorum ( nisi cui placeat Willielmum Malmesburiensem excipere ) eruditissimus . Casaub. ad Front . Ducaeum Epist.

Gul. * * Episcopus . Hic vir eruditionis ac pieta . t is nomine percelebris floruit circa 1230. Domini annum . Sensit tum de Articulo Justificationis , tum & de multis aliis religionis partibus , longè melius caeteris ejus temporis doctoribus , quemadmodum testantur ejusdem scripta Parisiis uno volumine edita anno 1516. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 16. Parisiensis .

His Works are in two Volumes .

Robert Parker a Reverend Divine .

There are these Works of his ,

De Descensu Christi .

De Politia Ecclesiastica Christo & Hierarchiae opposita .

A Scholastical Discourse about the Sign of the * * Provoco ad Apologeticum illum verè galeatum , qui caeremoniarum syngraphum in Ecclesias nostras scriptum , affixit nuper cruce . Ames . Praefat. ad Purif . Crosse.

Iohn Parkins an Utter-barister of the Inner-Temple .

He put forth a little Treatise in the Reign of King Edward the sixth , of certain Titles of the Common-Laws , wittily and learnedly composed .

Rob. Parsons an English Jesuite .

He was most skilfull in railing and reviling , able to put Shimei , Rabshakeh and Thersites himself to school . See Charles Paget his Book against him , and Watsons Quodlibets fourth Answ. to second Artic. and Quodlibet 3d d Answ. to the sixth Artic.

There is a a a A Christian Directory guiding men to their salvation . Book commonly called b b Quo nihil vidit Lingua Anglicana ad excitandam pietatem aptius , aut quoad stylum ornatius . Biblioth. Scriptorum Societat . Ies. A Philippo Alegambe edita . Resolutions , which goes under his name , which the Papists much magnifie , as also his Treatise of the three Conversions of England . But Doctor Iames somewhere denies the first to be his .

Protestants have published some Books of Papists ( as Parsons Resolutions , Granadoes Meditations , with some altering of the Sentences , though if these Books had never come out , the scandal had been lesse . Doctor Iames his myst . of the Ind. Expurgat .

Carolus Paschalius a learned man .

He hath written ,

Legatus .

Ceusura animi ingrati .

De optimo genere elocutionis .

CHAP. IV.

STeven * * Latinè Stephanus Pascha sius Philosophus sanè moralis insignis , humanioribus literis , eloquentia linguarum , Graecarum , Latinarumve & liberalium artium cognitione instructissimus . Ludov. Iacob . De Clar. Script . Cabilon . Pasquier . a learned Frenchman .

He flourished Anno à Christi Nativitate 1546.

He hath written an excellent Treatise in French , styled La Recherche de la France .

He hath published also Icones , Epigrammes , and Epitaphs , and several other Works .

Iohn Passeratiusa , a learned Frenchman , the Kings Professour of Eloquence Ioannes Passeratius Latinae linguae professor dignissimus , qui felicitate versus pangendi , etiam Gallicos , & soluta oratione scribendi ac bonos scriptores interpretandi diu magnam laudem in Parisiensi Academia meruit ; homo emunctae naris , & cui aliena vix placerent . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. part. 2. l. 127. Accepi Passeratii libellum de cognatione literarum , magis utilem nobis , quam auctori gloriosum . Rari erunt , qui eo sciant uti . Nos quanti sit , ex eo aestimare possumus , quod paucorum hominum est , & plures habebit , qui non capiant , quam qui eo capiantur . Ios. Scalig. Labbaeo inter opusc . in Paris , an excellent Orator and Poet.

He hath put out Orations and Prefaces , a Commentary on Catullus , Tibullus and Propertius , Varia Opuscula .

His French Works are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque .

George Passor , Professor of Divinity and Hebrew at Herborn , of Greek at Frankere .

He hath put out a Lexicon Greek and Latine upon the New Testament .

Manuale Graecarum vocum N. T.

Syllabas vocum N. T.

Oratio funebris in obitum Jo. Piscatoris .

Paedagogus Christianus .

Matthias Pasor .

Son to George Pasor , a learned Professor at Groning .

There is his

Oratio pro ▪ linguae Arabicae professione .

Marsilius Patavinus . Vixit anno 1324. edidit insigne opus quod inscripsit Defensor pacis . Cujus ( sc. Marsilii ) libri extant , non quidem verborum , sed rerum apparatu prorsus admirandi . Papir Masson .

Franciscus Patricius , Venetus . Non hujus modo sed longo superioris aevi Italorum fere omnium multo doctissimus in omni praeclarissimarum artium genere . I●ui Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca .

He taught Philosophy at Rome and Padua .

His learned Works are

Paraleli militares .

Liber male quidem amplus ac magnus , sed rerum , quae in ea continentur , aestimatione ac pondere longe maximus atque gravissimus . Jan. Nic. Eryth . Pinac .

Nova , de Universis Philosophiae .

Nova Geometria , novaque Rhetorica .

De scribenda historia tres Dialogi .

De Arte Poetica tres decades .

And other Works .

C. Velleius Paterculus * * Describit res Romanas Castissimo stilo per Epitomen ab urbe condita ad suam usque aetatem , hoc est tempora Tiberii Caesaris : & meminit quorundam , quae nusquam alibi hodie literis invenias prodita . Dolendum verò est , quod non integrum ipsum , sed semilacerum , mendisque corruptum habeamus . Gesn. Biblioth. Mutilus est libellus hic , sed in quo distincta antiquae Latinitatis lumina cernuntur , ac stylus pressus , fluens , idemque dilucidus , quamvis non desit , cui videatur esse tenuis alioqui verbis , & ordine non satis accuratus , vitio certe adulationis laborans ; dum Augusti & Tiberii Caesaris gesta commemorat . Possev . Biblioth. Select . tom. 2. l 16. c. 14. Ejus dicendi genere nihil purius , ac suavius fluere potest . Antiquitates Romanorum ab ultimo principio , tanta brevitate ac perspicuitate ( siquidem integer extaret ) comprehendit , ut nemini secundus esse videatur . Whear . Method . leg . Hist. parte 1 ● Sect 20. Librorum Velleii bona pars deperiit . Dictio ejus planè Romana atque elegans . Quaedam etiam habet quae haud alibi invenias . Sed in sui aevi rebus nimis domini Augustae , & Seiano adulator . Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 24. , an elegant Historian , but he was a great flatterer of Tiberius .

Patrick the first , or second Archbishop of Ireland .

Anno gratiae 491. Sanctus Patricius secundus Hyberniae Archiepiscopus , anno aetatis suae 122. in domino quievit . Matth. Westm. Flor. Hist. 93.

Vide Rivii Regim . Anglic. in Hibern . defens . adversus Analecten . l. 2. p. 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53.

Pope Paul the 3 d. Fuit hic Pontifex multis insignibus virtutibus clarus , humanitate , afiabilitate , clementia , comitate , praecipuè verò prudentia singulari , per sexaginta ferè annos , quibus publica munera obivit , feliciter collecta . Hisce virtutibus adjunctam habuit bonarum artium litterarumque egregiam scientiam , Mathematicis nonnihil operam dedit . Onuphrius Panuinius de viris Pontificum . Interea Pontisex depravatis clericorum moribus corrigendis novem gravissimos viros delegit , Gasparem Contarenum , Jo. Petrum Caraffam Teatinum , Jacobum Sadoletum , Reginaldum Polum , Cardinales : Fridericum Fregosium Salernitanum , Hieronymum Alexandrum Brundusinum , Archiepiscopos : Jo. Matthaeum Gilbertum Veronensem Episcopum , Gregorium Cortesium abbatem S. Georgii Majoris Venetiarum , F. Thomam Badiam Magistrum sacri palatii , qui libello edito , quo reformationis praecipua capita comprehenderunt , illum Pontifici obtulerunt . Id. ibid.

He was learned himself , and a lover of learned men . He chose certain Cardinals and other Prelates to reform the Church .

A Prelate endowed with good qualities , and among all his vertues , made more esteem of none then of dissimulation . History of the Counc . of Trent , l. 1. p. 71.

Petrus Bembus l. 6. Epist. Fam. writes to him , congratulating his Papall Dignity , and commending his Learning : He addes , Egique Deo optimo maximo gratias , quod & mihi caeterisque qui easdem bonas artes & praeclara colunt studia , cum principem ac rerum dominum dederit ; à quo sit magna nobilissimarum disciplinarum seges & proventus expectandus , & Christianae reip. procellis temporum turbulentissimorum jactatae gubernaculo ejusmodi magistrum adhibuerit : quo regente non modo naufragium non expavescat : sed ne ullam quidem aberrationem à recto cursu aut omnino declinationem timeat . Vide plura ibid. & Sadoleti Epist. l. 9. Epist. 1 , 2 , & 3. Paulo III. Pontif. Max.

D. Paulinus a a Ambrosii discipulus fuit Paulinus Nolanus Episcopus Natione Gallus , ingenio excellenti , ac purè dicendi facultate praeditus . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 5. Vir non pietate minus quàm doctrina excellens . Aug. Aquitanicus .

He being a Senatour sold his goods , his Wife perswading him , and went to Nola , that there he might embrace the Christian Religion .

Iulius Paulinus , a learned Lawyer of Padua . Inter omnes praecipuos jurisconsultos , videtur meritò principatum tenere Iulius Paulus Patavinus , antiquus & illustris legumlator , & inter veteres juris conditores omnium celeberrimus : qui disciplina juris , & in legibus Rom. noscendis atque interpretandis scientia , usu , auctoritatéque apud vetustissimos jurisconsultos eminentissimus semper habitus est : & inter Papiniani illius praestantissimi viri discipulos primus . Pari actoritate , doctrina , officio , honoréque Ulpiano illi magno par fuit : numero autem scriptorum etiam superior . Scribit Aelius Lampriduis in vita Alexandri Severi , Iulium Paulum , & Domitium Ulpianum apud illum magno in precio & honore semper habitos & ambos assessores Papiniani fuisse , & condendo juri praefectos . Bernardinus Scordeonius De Clar. Jurecons . Pat.

He wrote divers Works , which are mentioned by Bernardinus Scardeonius . De Claris Iureconsultis Patavinis .

Father Paul of Venice , a wise and learned man .

There is his History of the quarrell of Pope Paul the fifth , with the state of Venice , and an Answer to his Bull.

A Defence of Gerson .

The History of the Councell of Trent written by him first in Italian .

Cognovi in Italia hominem sanè multa eruditione , magno judicio , & integritate , rectissimoque animo . Licèt haud liberter illos audiret , qui Romanam Ecclesiam nimis deprimunt , nihilominùs ab illis etiam abhorrebat , qui ejus abusus tanquam sancta instituta defendunt . Et erat caeteroqui veritatis amicus singularis , & assecla constantissimús . Bedel . Epist. Dedicat. ad Interdict . Venet. Hist.

Pausanias b b Sub Marco Antonino floruit Pausanias , Caesariensis Sophista , Aristidis aequalis , ac Philstostrato etiam in vitis memoratus . Voss ▪ De Are Grammatica . l. 1. c. 4. . Ante Christum natum 469. fame periit Neaud . Geog. part. 2.

He hath excellently described ancient and flourishing Greece in ten Books .

Exstat hujus scriptoris minùs quidem facundum , sed eruditum opus de Graecia , libris decem constans : iis & situm urbium ac locorum , & antiquitates Graecanicas , & quicquid penè memorabile Graecia habuit , magno philologiae & historiae studiosorum bono , complexus fuit . Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 14.

Io. Pechamus , Iohn Pecham Archbishop of Canterbury , Anno Dom. 1283.

He was very chast , and so strict that he made the Canons neer Canterbury forfeit their places for non-residence .

There are his

Sententia Biblicae ad unum caput collectae .

Peireskius , Claudius Fabritius de Peiresc . one most exact and skilfull in matters Duo sunt ob quae commendatus summopere est , alterum eruditio magna , ac omnigena cum ardore sciendi inexplebili : alterum cura indefessa promovendi artes ingenuas , cum regi● planè erga omnes literatos munificentia . Gassend . Epist. Dedicat. ad vitam Peireskii . Nam & quamvis superior aetas foelicitate seculi oppido perrara , produxerit triumviros illos , Pinellum , Velserum , Molinum , singulari studio in omne literatorum nomen propensos : Peireskius tamen supervenit , qui singulorum virtutes ita est complexus , ut omnium laudes quasi infra se positas , praegravasse videatur . Gassend . de vita Peireskii l. 6. of Antiquity , and a generall Scholler .

His life is excellently written by Gassendus , and is worthy to be read by every Scholar , yet some do not much approve of Gassendus his Latine .

Pelagius a Britain by birth , and a Monk at Rome 382 years after Christ .

To prove that he was a Brittain , Beda in his History quotes that verse out of Prosper Aquitanicus ,

Pestifero vomuit coluber sermone Britannus .

Illud est , quo nomine inter Catholicos nullo in numero esse meritus est , quod arroganter nimis vitiatam extulerit naturam , humani arbitrii decomtor , divinae gratiae contemtor . Voss. Hist. Pelag. l. 1. c. 4.

Quis enim unquam ante prophanum illum Pelagium tantam virtutem liberi praesumpsit arbitrii , ut ad hoc in bonis rebus per actus singulos adjuvandum , necessariam Dei gratiam non putaret ? Vincent . Lirin . Advers. Haeres . c. 34.

At the first Pelagius only praised Free-will , after indeed to decline envy , he Tria fuerunt capita erroris Pelagiani . Negabant originale peccatum , gratiae necessitatem , & hominis imperfectionem in hac vita . Voss. Hist. Pelag. l. 5. part. 1. began to use the term of Grace , but he understood only by it , that God had made us of Free-will ▪ and preserves us in it .

Against him wrote Austen , Hierom , Cyrillus , Orosius , Innocentius , Gennadius , and at the last Thomas Bradwardine a Doctor here in England .

The Pelagians were so called from him , and also Caelestiani from Caelestius one of Pelagius his Scholers . These taught that death was not the wages of sin , but that Adam should have died , though he had not sinned . That Adams sinne was hurtfull only to himself , and not to his posterity : That concupiscence was no sinne : That Infants did not draw Originall sinne from their Parents : Vide August . de Haeres . p. 256 , 257 , 258. Matth. Westm. p. 77. Pelagius homo Britannus , persuasum habuit hominem per se salutem consequi , suáque sponte ad justitiam contendere , ac sine originali peccato nasci , & propterea nihil esse , quod baptizaretur . Polyd. Verg. Angl. Mist. l. 3. p. 56.

That man after the Fall had free will to do good .

Iohn Pell , a learned Mathematician of our own Country .

He hath written against Longomantanus de vera circuli mensura .

His learned sister Mistress Makins deserves also an honourable mention for her skill in the Latine and Greek .

Conradus Pellicanus ▪ a learned Germane Divine , very skilfull in the Hebrew ▪ Germanus Hebraicarum praesertim literarum , sicuti praeclara ejus in universum sacrarum literarum corpus , scripta téstantur , usque adeo peritus , ut ex ipsis quoque Judaeorum Rabinis pauci cum eo conferri posse videantur . Bezae Icon. vir Illust. Conradus Pellicanus Sacrarum literarum peritissimus interpres , & Hebraicae linguae primus ferè apud Christianos professor . Humfredus in vita Iuelli . Diu Hebraicas litteras Tiguri magnâ cum laude professus , qui innumera ferè Rabbinorum Commentaria non solum in sacram Scripturam , sed etiam de arcanis Judaicae doctrinae ritibus scripta ex Hebraicis Latina fecit . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 16. Vide Melch. Ad. in ejus vita . Chaldean and Arabick tongues .

He hath Commented on all the Bible .

The City Zurich hath had many eminent Sholers , as he , Theodore Bibliander , Conradus Gesner , that most excellent Historian , and many others .

Ludovicus Lavater writes that he had often heard from Pellican being old , that no Greek Testament could be found in Germany ( the first copy was brought thither out of Italy , ) although one would lay out a great deal of money for one copy . Now such is the felicity of the times , that every Scholler hath one . Melch. Ad. in vita Pellicani .

William Pemble , a learned and pious Divine , a good Artist and Linguist both : a great orament of Magdalen Hall in Oxford .

He wrote a Treatise of Justification , and his minde running much on that subject , He died of a burning fever . he said when he was upon his death bed that he would die in it , viz. his perswasion of Justification by the righteousness of Christ .

Ioannes Pena , Mathematick Professor to the King of France in Paris . Rarâ Mathematicarum artium cognitione insignis . Thuanus Hist. Tom. 1. l. 21.

A great Mathematician , he was taken away with a violent fever in the very flower of his age , when he was but thirty years old .

He hath written a learned Tract de natura & usu optices . He was Peter Ramus his Scholer .

Gabriel Pennotus .

There are these Works of his ,

Generalis totius ordinis clericorum Canonicorum historia tripartita .

Propugnaculum humanae libertatis , seu Controversiarum pro humani arbitrii libertate .

Benedictus Pererius , a learned Jesuite . Magni nominis & eruditionis Jesuita . Montac . Appar . Vir sacris literis nobiliter imbutus . Id. ib. Vir & Graecè benè doctus , quod apparet , & in omni literatura versatus cumprimis , B. Pererius è Societate Theologus , in Commentariis & doctis & laboriosis ad Genesin . Montac . Exercit. 10. Sect. 1.

His Works are

Commentarii ac disput. in Genesin , In Exod. In Danielem . In Ep. Pauli ad Rom.

Opuscula Theologica , and other Works .

William Perkins , a learned and godly Divine . 1602. Perkinsus in Anglia practicae & mysticae theologiae vexillum extulit , ex cujus scriptis & concionibus ceu fonte pèrenni tot eximia scripta practica , & tot efficaces conciones practicae in Anglia , atque passim in Belgio nostro atque alibi natae atque irrigatae . Voet. Biblioth. l. 2. Vilhelmus Perkinsus sanctissimus & exercitatissimus Theologus , scriptis inprimis , quae Christianam praxim sapiunt , Clarissimus . Laeti Compend . Hist. Universal .

Famous amongst forraign Nations for his skill in Practicall Divinity , mentioned by Voetius and others

That worthy pair of our late Divines , Greenham and Perkins : whereof the one excelled in experimentall Divinity , and knew well how to stay a weak conscience , how to raise a fallen , how to strike a remorslesse : The other in a distinct judgement , and a rare dexterity in clearing the obscure subtilties of the School , and easie explication of the most perplexed Discourses . Dr Hals first Dec. of Epist. Epist. 7.

David Cardinall Du Perron . Iacobus Davius rerronius Cardinalis , cujus nomine nullum fere est apud adversarios illustrius . Dallaeus de Pseudepigraphis Apostolicis l. 1 c. 1. Cardinalis ad stuporem doctus , velut scribendi ambiguus pauca emisit sermone patrio , sed prorsus ad amussim , quae nativi idiomatis interstrato nitore & singulari expolitione verborum delectu ubique adhibito multopere commendentur ▪ Nomenclat . Sanctae Romanae Eccles. Cardinal .

There are four great Volumes of his Works in Folio , in French .

Replique A La Response Du Serenissime Roy De La Grand Bretagne .

Les Diverses Oevres , &c.

Du Sainct Sacrement De L'Eucharistie .

Les Ambassades & Negotiations .

My Lord Faulkland cals him the great eloquent and judicious Cardinall Perron , and prefers him before Bellarmine and Baronius ; and saith of his Book against K. Iames , that he was the Architect of the most glorious building , which ever in his opinion was erected to the honour of the Church of Rome .

Peter du Moulin in his Preface to his Answer to Cardinal Perron , or his Nouueau●è Du Papisme saith of Perrons Answer to K. Iames , le ne trouue point entre les adversaires d'ouurage tant elaborè , I finde not so elaborate a work amongst our enemies , Mais son peu desçavoir en la langue Grecqué & és lettres humaines le fait souuent broncher . But his little knowledge in the Greek tongue and in humane Learning makes him often stumble .

His book is well answered by Rivet , Peter du Moulin , and Blondell .

Nicolaus Perottus . Sipontinus praesul , vertit Polybii historiam jussu Nicolai quinti : aedidit & praecepta grammaticae quibus utuntur pueri , ac cornucopiae , diligentissimus vocabulorum perscrutator : si quod undecunque incognitum audisset , neque dormitare , neque rerum aliquid gerere solebat , priusquam id investigasset . Volat. Anthropol . l. 21.

Cornucopia .

Correctio Plinii Epist. ad Titum .

Aulus Persius Flaccus . Anno gratiae 56. Persius poeta moritur . Matth. Westm. Flor. Hist. p. 53.

Ierom cals him the most eloquent of Satyrists .

Barten Holyday consulted with above a dozen Expositors , yet in the Preface to his translation of Persius hath these words , I may without ambition say , it is a new thing Persius understood . To have committed no faults in my Translation ( saith he according to his elegant way of writing ) had been to Translate my self , and Multum & verae gloriae , quamvis uno libro , Persius meruit . Quintil. Institut. Orat. l. 10. Qui liber etsi obscuritate & reconditis sensibus est plerunque refertus , nihilominus bonis est connumerandus authoribus . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Hist. Dial. 4. Persii stilus Morosus : & ille ineptus qui cum legi vellet quae scripsisset , intelligi noluit quae legerentur . Scalig. Hypercrit . cap. 6. put off man .

CHAP. V.

DIonysius Petavius , a learned Jesuite . Dionysius . Petavius è Societate Jesu Temporum Rationatium dedit , in quo , aetatum omnium , Sacra profanaque Historia Chronologicis probationibus munita , summatim traditur , ab O●be condito ad Annum Christi 1632. Whear . De Methodo legendi historias parte 1 ● . Sect. 6. Quo viro , nescio an habeat erudita Jesu societas doctiorem . Gassend . de vita Peireskii l. 3. Natione Gallus , patria Aurelianensis vir , ut ejus ostendunt opera , ingenio maximo , judicio acerrimo , excellenti memoria , omnium ferè rerum scientia excultus . Biblioth. Script . Societ . Iesu A Philippo Alegambe edita . Quo nemo hodie vivit in ea , quam falso vocant , Jesu societate , eruditionis ac doctrinae nominibus clarior . Dallaeus de Pseudepigraphis Apost. l. 1. c. 1.

He wrote against Scaliger and Salmasius .

That Scaligero mastix . Greg. de Aeris & Epochis .

Qui ad omnia , non solum falsa aut inania , verùm etiam vera , certa & omnium consensu approbata , vellicanda & carpenda natus esse videtur . Croii Observat. in N. T. c. 9.

Samuel Petitus , a very learned man .

There are these Works of his ,

Miscellaneorum , lib. 9.

Variarum lectionum , lib. quatuor .

Eclogae Chronologicae .

Com. in leges c c Leges Atticas edidit , à se , quo voluerat , modo collectas , & concinnatas , ad quas commentarium addiderat . Erat vir probus , & doctus , sed iis praesidiis , quae ad opus hujus argumenti elaborandum necessaria erant , destitutus . Herald . Animadvers . In Salmas . Observat. Ad Jus Attic. & Rom. l. 2. c. 12. Atticas .

Francis Petrarke , an Italian , a witty and sententious Orator , and Poet. Franciscus Petrarcha Philosophus , Rhetor & Poeta celeberrimus , qui humanitatis artes post longa silentia inter mortuas ab inferis revocavit . An. Aerae Christi 1304. Calvis . Chronol. Franciscus Petrarcha vir apprimè doctus , floruit ante annos 200 , dicere solitus est , nullum cujusquam majus malum optari posse , quam ut fiat Papa . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 18. Florentinus Parmensis archidiaconus , saeculi sui lumen , Apud Pontifices , si adblandiri voluisset , nihil non consecuturus . Extra contentionis aestum positus , plaeraque scripserit contra Curiam Romanam in suis poematis quam graphicè depingit , quamque Babylonicam meretricem , erroris Scholam , imposturae officinam , haereseos Templum passim vocitat . Morn . Myst. Iniq. Natione Hetruscus , vir undecunque doctissimus , Latinae linguae multis jam saeculi● extinctae primus instaurator ▪ Hetruscae poeseos parens : & absque ulla Controversia princeps , ob egregiam Latini carminis laudem in Capitolio Romano , lauream Coronam publico totius Italiae favore consecutus . Sixt. Senens . Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Vide Lud. Viv. de trad. discip . l. 3.

One of the great restorers of Learning .

Vir omnium saeculorum memoria dignissimus . Pignor. Symbol . Epist. Ep. 14.

He was born in the year 1304 ▪ and died in the year 1374. having lived 70 years wanting but a day .

There is in his Latine Works a neat expression , a spirit sinewy and sententious , a style short and concise . He was another Seneca .

He calleth Rome the Whore of Babylon , the School and mother of errour , the Temple of heresie , the nest of treachery , and seemeth plainly to affirm , that the Pope was Antichrist , declaring that no greater evil could happen to any man , then to be made Pope .

His life is written by Papirius Massonus . There was great flocking after him , from France and all Italy .

Sacras literas , ut humiles & incomptas , & humanioribus impares nimio illarum amore , & contemptu harum , & opinione de se falsa , atque impotenti inventa , diù tumidus adolescens , fugit . Verùm liber confessionum divi Augustini , aditus ei postremò fuit , ad omnes sacras literas , sibique librum illum praedicat autorem fuisse , ut adolescentiae vitia dimitteret . Papir . Masson . ib.

He wrote De vita solitaria .

De remediis utriusque fortunae .

De Communi mundi contemptu .

De vita sapientis .

Bucolica , Eclogae : & alia venustissima Poemata quae scripsit lingua Hetrusca : and other Works mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

His Ancestors were Florentines , and lived in exile , but he returned home and died in his own Country of an Apoplexy . He was buried at Arquato Montanere , a village belonging unto Padita , where in honour of him a Sepulchre of Marble was built , and an Epitaph of his own making inscribed , part whereof is as followeth ,

Frigida Francisci lapis hic regit ossa Fessusque in terris , caeli requiescit in arce .

Petronius Arbiter , an obscene Writer , yet his Latine is pure and elegant . Multae eruditionis hominem Petronium fuisse facilè cognoscimus , nam in taxandis moribus cum acrem ▪ tum festivum maximè , & jocis seria , miscentem videmus . Scripsit lascivè admodum & impudicè , ut ex ipsis fragmentis facilè cognoscimus . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4.

Elmenhorstius in the life of Iohn Wower cals Petronius Impurissimùm scriptorem purissimae latinitatis .

Suffridus * * Suffridus Petreius origines , colonias , nobilitatem , libertatem , jura gentis suae illustranda suscepit , in quibus altiùs repetendis dum admistis fabula●um figmentis nimiùm stylo indulget , multorum reprehensiones incurrit , ut Uboni Emmio , qui eandem provinciam summâ fide ac admirandâ simplicitate postea executus est , potius lampada tradidisse , quàm ei inscribenda historia patria praeluxis●e videatur . Thuan. Hist. ●om. 5. l. 119. Petrus . He was a Frisian , and wrote the history of Frisia , and of the Writers of Frisia .

Gasper Peucer , a learned Physitian , well skilled in Philosophy and the Mathematicks . Magnae vir eruditionis & minimè vanus . Bodi● . Meth. Hist. c. 4. Gasp. Pencerus Medicus , Philippi Melanctbonis gener , vir libro , quem de Divinationibus scripsit , sed decennali , quem ob Constantem veritatis de persona Christi & Caena Domini professionem sustinuit , carcere , longe celebrior . Scultet . de Curticulo vitae . Vide Thuan. Hist. tom. 5. l. 127. Palmam inter ejus scripta obtinere videtur Commentarius , de●praecipuis divinationum generibus : in quo à prophetis , anctoritate divina traditis , & à phisicis conjecturis discernuntur artes & imposturae diabolicae , atque observationes natae ex superstitioene & cum hac conjunctae : & monstrantur fontes & causae physicarum praedictionum : diabolicae verò ac superstitiosae confutatae damnantur . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita .

He hath written a singular book of his own imprisonment and freedom .

Christ . Pezelius , a learned Writer .

Many of his Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue .

He died Anno Dom. 1606.

Demetrius a a Fuit hic Theophrasti auditor , ac Athenarum per docennium praefectus , à quibus tot statuis fuit ornatus ; quot dies annus habere credebatur , hoc est trecenti● & sexaginta . Vide Strabonem l. 9. ac Plinium l. 34. c. 6. Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 1. c. 12. Phalereus . He hath written

De Elocutione . De Interpretatione Praecepta Rhetorica .

Philo Indaeus . He lived in Christs time , and was born at Alexandria , a famous Philo Hebraeus , vir omnium consensu doctissimus , flor●it sub Caio Imperatore , ad quem etiam legatione functus est pro gente sua . Bellarm. de Script . Eccles. Anno Aerae Christi 40. Calvis . 37. Heiv . Chron. De hoc vulgo apud Graecos dicitur , aut Plato Philonem sequitur , aut Platonem Philo , tanta est similitudo sensuum & eloquii . Hieron . de Script . Eccles. Scripta ejus pigmentis Plato●icis condita & multis luminibus Hellesmi illi ita esse nemo negaverit . Scalig. Elench. Trihaeres . Serar . c. 25. Town in Aegypt .

Though he was a Jew , yet he was altogether unskilfull in the Hebrew , as the Jews of Alexandria , and almost all the Hellenists were .

Homo Graecè tantum loquens , Hebraismi autem adeo imperitus , ut dubitem an etiam legere sciret Hebraicè . Scalig. Elench. Trihaeres . Serar . c. 18.

The Greek tongue was so common at Alexandria , that the Bishops , as Athanasius , Cyrill , Theophilus , &c. there preached to the people in Greek . The Apostle therefore writing to the Hebrews alleadgeth to them the Scripture according to their translation . Pet. du Moulins Antibarb . c. 10.

Il fut tellement versè en toute bonne literature , que non seulement envers c●ux de sa secte , mais aussi envers les Chrestiens & Philosophes prophanes , il estoit en grand credit & estin●e . Theuet . Vies des hommes Illustres l. 2.

Philo natione & sapientia Iudaeus , Graecanicae verò facundiae leniter fluens amnis , aut in al●eo scripturarum potius dulcè canens cygnus . Ovid. Fabrit . In N. T. Syr. Lat. Interpret . praefat.

The book of Wisdom was written by him , living after Christs passion , resurrection , and ascention , yet he never beleeved in Christ . Doctor Twisse against Ford.

He was Iudaorum d●sertissimus . Ierom.

A great imitator of Plato , so that it was said of him , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . He wrote among other things of the life of Moses .

His allegorizing so much is disliked .

I● . Philoponus . Anno Dom. 602.

He wrote 7 books on the first Chapter of Genesis concerning the creation of the world .

Iohn Philpot.

He and Bishop Ridly were the most learned of our English Martyrs in Q. Maries dayes .

Fl. Philostratus . Lemne fuere duo Philostrati Graeci valde eruditi scriptores . Senioris extant etiamnum lib. 8. de vita Apolonii Tynaei , qui discendi causa totum terrarum orbem peragravit , quae ibi copiosè commemorantur . Heroicae item Icones , & vitae Sophistarum in duos libros distinctae . Junioris autem nihil habetur praeter Icones , quae sunt accuratae , elegantissimae , & tanquam depictae variarum rerum florido stylo descriptiones . Neand. Geog.

Franciscus Philelphus . Ad omne genus scripti sese accomodavit , ac ut de Vinicio dicit Augustus , ingenium in numerato habebat : Graeca , Latina , Lyrica , Heroica , prosam orationem ex tempore dictitabat . Idcirco Francisco Sfortiae gratissimus Mediolani profitebatur . Vola●terani Anthropol . l. 2● .

Gul. Philander , a very learned man .

There is his

Epitome in omnes Georgii Agricolae , de mensuris ac ponderibus libros .

Photinus * * Anno gratiae 368. haeresis Photini agnoscitur . Fuit Siranae urbis Episcopus , qui astruxit , Christum à Maria per Joseph , nuptiali coitu , conceptum . Matth. West . Flor. Hist. p. 78. Erat & ingenii viribus valens , & doctrinae opibus excellens , & eloquio praepotens : quippe qui utroque sermone copiosè & graviter disputa●et & scriberet : quod monumentis librorum suorum manifestatur , quos idem partim Graeco , partim Latino sermone composuit . Vincent . Lirin . Advers Haeres . c. 16. Dicit Deum singulum esse & solitarium , & more Judaico confitendum : Trinitatis plenitudinem negat , neque ullam Dei verbi , aut ullam Spiritus sancti putat esse personam : Christum verò hominem tantummodò solitarium adserit , cui principium adscribit ex Maria. Et hoc omnibus modis dogmatizat , solam nos personam Dei patris , & solum Christum hominem colere debere Id. ibid. . He was learned , but a great Heretique .

He denied the Deity of the Sonne and Holy Ghost . Whence the Photinians .

There are two main parts of the Socinian Religion . The first concerning the Person of Christ , Photinianism . The other the Grace of Christ , Pelagianism .

Photius Patriark of Constantinople , he flourished in the 9th age , Anno Dom. 860. Vir omnium Graecorum sui saeculi longe eruditissimus , floruit autem Anno 879. vivere desiit Anno 889. Dallaeus de Pseudep . Apost. l. 1. c. 2. Graeco-Latinae editioni Bibliothecae Photii praemittuntur eruditorum aliquot judicia de Photio . Hic primus secessionem apertam fecit à Latina Ecclesia . Gen. Chron. l. 4. the learnedst man of his time .

Casaubone in his Epistles much commends his Bibliotheca .

Acerrimo vir ingenio perspicacissimóque & in omni genere doctrinarum praestantissimus Scriptor , Photius , Patriarcha Constantinopolitanus . Fulleri Miscel. lib. 2. cap. 3.

Alexander Piccolominy Archbishop of Sienna , a good Linguist and Artist .

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Francis Piccolominy .

Many of his Works are also mentioned in Oxfhrd Catalogue .

Pet. Picherellus , a learned Frenchman . Homo trium linguarum peritissimus & acutissimi judicii , qui Io. Vatablo olim cum Io Salignaco & Io. Mercero operam navaverat . Finem elaboratis in B. Paullum Commentariis imposuit , absoluta ad Philemonem Epistola , jamque omnia descripta habuit , praelis cum commoditas se offerret , committenda , quod ut contingeret pro votorum summo exop●avit . Huic Thuanus post elaboratus in B. Mattbaeum & Lucam Commentarios auctor fuerat , ut in Paullum scriberet , & ille eo auctore munus injunctum alacriter susceperat ; quod in eo interpretandi genere paucos admodum digne se exercuisse arbitraretur , nam extra caussam religionis diligentiam Th. Bezae laudabar , sed post ejus messem magnum sibi & aliis spicilegium relictum dicebat . Sed mala sorte accidit , ut haut multo post placidissima ejus morte secutares omnis ad haeredes devenerit , homines litigiosos , qui dum se Cadmea victoria utrinque conficiunt , pretiosam illam ▪ avunculi supellectilem dissipari & in manus alienas transire passi sunt , à quibus vix spes est ut redimi & ad publicam utilitatem prodire possint . Thuan. Commont . de vita sua l. 4.

We may judge of his great abilities , by those little Tracts de Coena Dominica , de Missae sacrificio , de Igne purgatorio , de Imaginum usu , and some other things that way , and likewise of his little difference from us in the weightiest points of our Religion , the more pity is it , that his excellent Notes on a great part of the New Testament should so unhappily perish after his death , as Thuanus relates .

Io. Pierius Valerianus .

He hath written an admirable Discourse of the Egyptian * * 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , sive ut vox sonat , sacrae scripturae , nihil aliud erant , quam animalium mutarumque rerum figurae , ab Aegyptiis loco literarum in sacris usurpatae , ne à vulgo intelligerentur . Haec ante papyri usum saxis insculpebant . Voss. de Arte Grammatica l. 1. c. 41. Hieroglyphicks .

Elegans opusculum Ioannis Pierii Valeriani , quo agit de litteratorum infelicitate . Vossius de Histor. Lat.

Albertus Pighius . Dicunt Pontificii Pighium , alioqui Catholicum Doctorem , seductum ex lectione librorum Calvini . At Pighius ipse testatur , sententiam suam se è lectione scripturarum hausisse : O Calvinum vel adversariorum testimonio beatum , cujus scripta tantum cum sacris scripturis consensum retinent , ut quod Pontificius Doctor celeberrimus fatetur se ex Sacrae Scripturae lectione habuisse , id alii Pontificii lectioni librorum Calvini tribuant . Profecto nisi Scholasticorum sententia cum manifestis scripturis pugnasset , nunquam illam deseruisset Pighius . Episc. Carlet . Consens . Eccles. Cathol. contra Trident. De Gratia c. 3. Libros tuos de Hierarchiae Ecclesiasticae principatu cum legerem , plurimáque in illis invenirem , quae tua cura & diligentia in lucem è tenebris quasi vetustatis prolata sunt : scatereque ibidem omnia optimis & sententiis & autoritatibus cernerem : equidem ingenium , & doctrinam , & notitiam ▪ tuam rerum antiquarum sum admiratus . Saedolet . Epist. l. 16. Alberto Pighio Campensi . In libro de Hierarchia quo veluti acutissimo gladio Lutheri causam jugulavit , fe●è nemini concessam pietatis & doctrinae laudem adeptus est . Paul . Iov . Elog. Doct. Vir.

The greatest learned man of your side : B. Iewell often stiles him so in his Reply to Dr Cole .

Pontificiorum Archilles adversus Lutherum , qui totus noster est in causa Iustificationis . Episc. Mortoni Antidotum contra merita . cap. 7. sect. 1.

Albertus Pighius felici ac versatili vir ingenio , qui cùm Theologiae atque Astronomiae cognitione naturalem quoque prudentiam , rerumque publicarum usum & intelligentiam conjunxit , eximia Latinae dictionis elegantia , quae scriberet ageretve comitante . Auberti Miraei Elog. Belg. Vide plura ibid.

Stephanus Pighius .

Vir de universâ antiquitate Romanâ praeclarè meritus . Voss. de Construct . c. 25.

Laurentius Pignorius , the great ornament of Italy , born Anno 1571. Si Literatorum omnium calculum attente spectas , sapientia , eruditione , latina facundia , moribus suavissimis summus . Illius laudes , aliorum de eo judiciis , & testimoniis , non minori facundia nobis Iacobus Thomasinus libello de ejus vita edito adumbravit . Leonis Allatii Apes Urbanae . Commendavit illum in primis ubertas scribendi mira , cui nullum fetè par alibi hac aetate . Quanti amicos ille suos fecerit , ejusdem docent Epistolicarum Symbolicarum libri : quibus eosdem immortalitate donare nisus est . Tomas . Elog. Vir. Illust.

Vossius styles him Clarissimum , & diffusae reconditaeque eruditionis virum .

He hath written Symbolae Epistolicae Epistolicall Symbols . The title of that Book is , Symbolarum Epistolicarum Liber primus , In quo nonnulla ex Antiquitatis , Iuriscivilis , & Historiae penu depromuntur & illustrantur , multaque Auctorum loca emendantur & explicantur .

There are also these Works of his ,

Characteres Aegyptii , hoc est Sacrorum quibus Aegyptii utuntur Simulacrorum accurata delineatio .

De servis , & eorum apud veteres Ministeriis , Commentarius .

With other Latine and Italian books of his printed , mentioned there before his Epistles .

As he was well acquainted with Ioannes Vincentius Pinellus , Marcus Velserus , Paulus Aicardus , Ianus Gruterus , Hieronymus Aleander , and many other learned men , so he had Imagines virorum Clarissimorum in his study , many of those before mentioned , and also Bellarmine , Baronius , Francis Petrake , Pancirolus , Torquatus Tassus , Tully , Onufrius Panvinius .

Pindar one of the chief Greek Lyrick Poets . Nemo tam ineptus imperitusque magi stellus est , qui non Pindarum legat , interpretetur : & quotusquisque est Graeculorum nostrorum , qui Pindarum intelligat ? Heraldi Adversaria l. 2. c. 8. Fuisse novem Lyricos Poetas Graecos habitos celebres , quorum Pindarus tulerit palmam , nemo peritus literarum Graecarum ignorat ; certè quadam spiritus ( ut ita dicam ) magnificentia , sententiis , figuris , rerumque ac verborum copia sic ille polluit , ut Horatius inimitabilem dixerit . Possev . Biblioth. Select . 〈…〉 ▪ 2. l. 17. c. 18.

To whom it is peculiar suddenly to strike as it were , with a Divine Scepter , the mindes of men , by rare short sentences . Sr Francis Bacons Advancem . of Learn . l. 8. c. 1.

Pineda , he hath written a large Commentary on Iob in two Volumes .

Ioannes Vincentius Pinellus , a learned Italian . Nascitur Anno M. D. XXXV . Vide Thuan. Hist. tom. 5. l. 126. & ●ign . Symb. Epist. Ep. 22. Vir maximi quidem nominis , sed majoris tamen ingenii , & doct●i●ae . Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 3. c. 8. Aetas nostra librorum tum veterum tum recentiorum oppidò ferax , paucos vidit in eo genere litterarum quas humaniores vocamus , quibus non inscriptum alicubi esset ●in●lli nomen : & sane decebat hono●ificè appellari eum , in cujus bibliotheca viri docti maxima studiorum suorum praesidia collocata intelligebant . Vita Ioannis Vincentii Pinelli , Auctore Paulo Gualdo . Morum integritatem adeo adamavit , ut cum adolescens Pa●avii domum conduxisset è regione aedium clarissimae tunc temporis faeminae Constantiae Fulgo●ae , ad quas animi causa ho●is subcesivis ventitabant , quotquot Patavii runc ingenii laude florebant , nunquam tamen eo diverterit Pinellus , pudori suo labeculam quampiam adspergi posse ratus , si de instituto genere vitae aliquantulum remisisset . Quod sibi propositum ne excideret unquam , vitreas fenestras , per quas in lectissimae matronae ejúsque pulcherrimarum comitum cubicula introspectaret , pessulo obfirmatas perpetuò voluit , quod ( ut aiebat ) existimaret , nolle illas specta●i se , molest éque tempestivè earum acta pa●ùm exploraret . Id ibid.

He was skilled in Hebrew , Greek , Latine , Spanish , French .

He adorned the most inward rooms of his house with greater Geographicall Tables or Mapes , and with the Icones of illustrious men .

He had Books sent him out of all Europe . He is much commended by Gassendus in vita Peireskii p. 30 , 31.

Iohn Piscator .

He was an excellent Scripture-Divine , but no School-Divine , and therefore no marvell if he want the accuratenesse of Scholasticall expressions . Dr Twisse against Hoord ▪ l. 2.

He hath written upon all the Scripture , and other Works .

Io. Pistorius .

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Io. Pitsaeus .

He hath written a Book de Scriptoribus Illustribus Britanniae .

He seems to slight Balaeus , and saith he took many thing out of Leland , whereas he never saw Leland , but took all out of Balaeus .

CHAP. VI.

FRanciscus Pithaeus , brother to Peter Pithaeus .

He hath put out Collectanea on Petronius . Nobile par sratrum . Petrus cognomento non tam Pithaeus quam Pitbius . Ego enim à Graeca voce Deae Pithus nomen illi esse suspicor . ●ap . Masson . Vide Turneb . Advers. l. 21. c. 28. Petrus Pithaeus J. C. clarissimus fugientes Gallia musas moratur cum paucis ▪ Casaub. Animadvers . in lib. 1. Sueton. Tristissimus de morte optimi , doctissimi , sapientissimi & amicissimi Petri Pitbaei nuncius . Casaub. Epist 247. Thuano . Immortale illud Galliae decus quo viro digniorem omni laude alium ne historiae quidem continent . Casaub. not . in Capitolinum . Vir summa probitate & eruditione . Scalig. de emendar . Temp. l. 6. Petrus Pithaut . J. C. ra●ae cujusdam eruditionis vir , natus ad eruenda vetustatis monumenta . Gesn. Biblioth. Thuanum nuntius oppressit mortis P Pithaei viri & consiliorum & studiorum confensione sibi conjunctissimi , qui scribendae historiae auctor ipsi fue●at , quo perculsus parum abfui● , quin ea quae jam fecerat , concerperet , tanto adjutore destitutus , & opus omnino relinqueret ad aliquot certe dies publico abstinuit , & multum de pristina hilaritate remisit , cum ducem studiorum undique circomspiciens frustra requireret , nec reperiret . Nam ad hoc quod instituera● , p●aecipue ejus opera utebatur ; utpote qui magnam rerum nost●arum notitiam habebat , & subactum maximè judicium ad eas adhibebar , verique ac recti incorruptum amorem ●ara prudentia & aequita●e temperabat , res Henrico II. gestae eo superstite scriptae & ab eo in parte recognitae & emendatae , & cum vivere desiit , earum exemplum penes se habebat , aliis amicis philologis ad alia utebatur . Thuan. Comment. De vita sua l. 6. Vidē plura ibid. & ejus Hist. Tom. 5. l. 117. parte prima .

Pet. Pithaens .

Casaubone never saw him ( as Thuanus in the 6th book of his Commentaries concerning his own life saith ) yet how doth he extoll him ?

He had rare and exact knowledge in all Antiquity , Ecclesiasticall history and other wayes .

His disposition was sweet , and he farre from all ambition and deceit , he was very prudent and skilfull in mannaging affairs .

Thuanus in the first part of the fifth Tome of his Hist. l. 117. much commends him , and at last concludes thus of him , that in the Civill Law of the Romans , he came to that height , that it might be justly said of him , and his most famous Master Cuiacius , Hunc discipulo praeripuisse , ne primus Iurisconsultas esset , illum praeceptori , ne solus .

All the great men of this age ( saith Papirius Massonus in his Elogia ) make honourable mention of him in their books , and some of these dedicate their Writings to him and his brother Francis , as the lights of France .

Many of his Books are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Bartholomaeus * * Illud verò mirandum , quod homo Theologus , in Mathematum studiis nullo nisi se magistro , eo usque progressus est : ut editis scriptis , disciplinae illius gloriam magnis Matheseos professoribus praeripuerit . Melchior Adam in ejus vita . Pitiscus . Anno Dom. 1561.

A Divine of profound Learning , of an acute wit , very methodicall and perspicuous in teaching and writing .

He was a very great Mathematician , and hath written severall Treatises of Triangles .

He saith in the Preface to one of his Books , Alii schacchia ludunt & talis : ego regula & circino , si quando ludere datur .

Plantavitzius .

He hath written a great Dictionary for the Hebrew , and other Works . Qui summo conamine libros Ebraicos sibi affatim comparavit , adjuvante praeceptore suo Ludovico Mathniensi . Seldenus de Syned . l. 3. c. 13.

Christopher Plantine .

A learned Printer , who hath been very usefull to the Commonwealth of Learning by Printing the King of Spains Bible , and many other excellent Works .

Christophori Plantini viri de Typographicae arte , qua caeterae omnes illustrantur & vivunt , optime meriti , summam ingenii dexteritatem , admirabilem prudentiam , sedulam operam , infinitos labores , ac denique omnibus in rebus insignem diligentiam . nemo satis admirari , ac dignis laudibus extollere potest . Ariae Montani praefat. In Sac , Bib. Quadriling . Reg. edit.

Bartholomaeus Platina , a most learned man . Some call him Baptista Platina , so Bartholomaeus Platina rather , saith Vossius , and he gives reasons for it . Valde pronus ad notandas Pontificum maculas . Geneb Chronol. l. 4. Etsi turpiter & impudenter Papis adulatus sit : tamen nimia ipsorum turpitudine ac malitia Coactus aliquando , etiam subindicat Babyloniae meretricis nefanda scelera . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. Inter caeteros qui pontificum res gestas memoriae tradiderunt , facilè princeps est , B. Platina , non solum ob eruditionem reconditam & longam rerum Ecclesiasticarum usum , sed etiam ob amplitudinem & plenitudinem ipsius operis quod edidit . Quem proinde doctissimus prudentissinsusque vir Onuprius Panuinius dignissimum judicavit , quem non modo eruditissimis annotationibus suis illustraret , sed & appendice quoque adjecta ad Pium usque quintum portò expleret . Epist. Dedicat. ad Historiam Platinae De vitis Pontificum Romanorum . Vir fuit alioqui gravis & procul à mendacio , eóque praesertim admiratione dignior , quod jam provecta aetate , ac tirocinio posito , quod totum militiae prius tradiderat , literas didicit . Volat. Anthropol . l. 21. Iac. Bergomus in suppl . Ch. and Albertus Leander in his description of Lombardy ; others call him Bartholomaeus Platina , so Ang. Roccha and Volaterane , his Epistle to Iacobus Picolominaeus is so , Barth . Platina . Ia. Cardinali Papiensi .

He was especially famous for his Work de vitis Pontificum usque ad Paulum II. by whom he was cast into prison and detained four whole moneths , when he undertook to defend the cause of Pomponius Laetus , and other learned men , which , were said to have conspired against him .

He was great with Pope Sixtus the 4th , and by him made keeper of the Vaticane Library .

Felix Platerus , a learned and pious Physitian . Anno Christi 1536.

Ioannes Posthius thus played on his name ,

Cùm felix animo , felix sis divite censu , Felicis nomen convenienter habes .

His Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Plato , he was an Athenian Philosopher ; he was called 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , that is , Divine , Ratio dicendi facunda , dulcis , amoena , veneribus depluens , flumen lacteum diceres , labi sine murmure , & in tuas aures , in ora , in intima pectora suaviter inundare . Hunc Marcus , Plutarchus , Galenus , Proclus , Longinus , Demetrius . & omnes quotquot sunt ethnicorum auctorum principes , plena laudant manu . Divi ipsi , Augustinus , Hieronymus , Iustinus , Basilius , Gregorius , Clemens , Theodoretus , honorificè appellant . Caussin . Eleq . ●ac . & Human. Paralel . l. 2. c. 22. Philosophorum , quis dubiter Platonem esse praecipuum , sive acumine disserendi , sive eloquendi facultate divina quadam & Homerica ? Multum enim supra prosam orationem , & quam pedestrem Graeci vocant , surgit : ut mihi non hominis ingenio , sed quodam Delphico videatur oraculo instructus . Quintil. Institut. Orat. l. 10 c. 1. Anno M. 3525. Philosophorum Deus nascitur : Cum parvulus aliquando dormiret , apes facundiae omen in labellis ejus consederunt . Calvis . Chron. for his rare wisdom .

When Tully commended any of the Philosophers , he still added , Semper excipio Platonem : Pliny cals him Sapientiae Antistitem . Plato ille sublimis apex philosophorum & columen . Arnob. Adversus Gentes l. 1.

He had his name Plato from his broad shoulders .

His Works are in one Volume .

Plantus . He is called Musarum decima & linguae Latinae decus , musarum ille & Varro dicit Musas Aelli Stolonis sententia Plautino sermone locuturas fuisle , si Latinè loqui vellent . Quintil. Instit Orat. l. 10. Plautum ut Comicum , Terentium ut loquutorem admirabor , scadlig . Hypercrit . c. 2. Vide Stradae prolus. l. 3. praelect. 2 , & 3. Gratiarum hortus .

He was born at Sarsina an ancient City at the foot of the Appenine in Lombardy .

Taubman before his excellent Commentary , hath many Elogia of Plautus .

C. Plinius . Anno Aerae Christianae 68. Plinius junior 79. Helv. Chron. Maxima priscorum negligentia . Dum rerum naturas profitentur , elenchis nominum tantum coacervatis , nobis plus inquirendum , quam si nihil prodidissent , reliquerunt . Inter quos princeps Plinius , dum studet nihil intactum relinquere , importuna festinatione praeceps , pro epulis apponit titulos convivis . Scalig. De Subtil . Advers. Cardanum exercit . 207. Tantus vir , ut non mirum sit si vulgus illum improbet , cum minime auctor vulgaris sit . Ios. Scal. Francisco Vertuniano suo inter opusc . Hoc tene , Plinium eruditissimum suae aetatis hominem , Latinae elegantiae observantissimum non mirum aliquando in vertendis Graecis hallucinari . Hoc non solum illi sed & Ennio , Attio , Ciceroni accidit . At quibus viris qui sunt columina priscae Latinitatis . Ios. Scal. Francifco Vertuniano inter opusc . Plinius Veronensis , naturalis historiae scriptor . Neronis aevo clarescere caepit : imprimis autem Vespafiani & Filii temporibus floruit . Praeter eximium ac nunquam satis laudatum opus Historiae naturalis , multa scripsit alia , quae tempora nobis inviderunt . Voss de Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 29.

He wrote 37 Books of the History of the world , and was Uncle to him who wrote the Epistles , as the Epistle 16. l. 6. ad Cornelium Tacitum shews . The whole Epistle is about the death of the elder Pliny , and begins thus , Petis ut tibi avunculi mei exitum scribam , &c.

He sometimes labours more to write much , then exactly .

Plinius ille diligens totius antiquitatis pervestigator , qui nullam bibliothecam praetermisse videtur , quam non excusserit & perlustrarit . Onid . Fab. In N. T. Syr. Lat. Interpret . Praefat.

Passeratius hath these verses ,

In Plinii naturalem Historiam . Cuncta suo amplexu magnus si continet orbis , Plinius & totum solus complectitur orbem : Quisquis erit magni complexus scripta Secundi , Ipso major eris , rerum qui maximus orbe . Vide Baud. Orat. In Plin. Pan.

C. Plinius Caecilius . He wrote six books of Epistles , and a Panegyrick to Trajane the Emperour .

Plinius secundus the purest Writer in mine opinion of all his age , I except not Aschams Schoolmaster , 2 d part , Plinius secundus bibliotheca integra ac plane justa , tantis rerum ac verborum divitiis . Quis se illo praeterito Philologum audebit profiteri . Ludovic . Viv. de tradend . discip . l. 3. Suetonius , his two Schoolmasters , Quintilian and Tacitus , nor his most excellent learned Uncle .

Stephanus Paschasius hath these verses of him in his Icones ,

Me lege ; nec Plinium credas legisse secundum . Nulli ego dum vixi quippe secundus eram . Rursus & auctorom tu ne legisse putato : En tibi sum larga Bibliotheca penu .

Edm. Ployden , a grave man and singularly well learned in the Law . Sir Edw. Cook pref to his 3d d part of his Reports cals them exquisite and elaborate Commentaries . Sir Edw. Cookes Pref. to his 11th Rep.

His Commentaries , consisting of two parts , both of them learnedly and curiously polished , and published by himself , the one in Anno 13. Reg. Eliz. and the other in the 21 year of the same Queen , Works ( as they well deserve ) with all the professors of the Law of high account . The author was an ancient Apprentice of the Law , of the middle Temple , of great gravity , knowledge , and integrity .

Plutarke was born in the City of Chaeronea , Ammonius was his Schoolmaster . Fuit natione Boeotus , patriâ Chaeronensis , Sacerdos Pythii Apollinis . Voss. de Hist. Graec. l. 2. c. 10. Anno Aerae Christianae 96 Helv. Chron. Vir & nobili prosapia natus , & Trajano apprimè charus , à quo & Consul factus est ; & nulli ( ut ego opinor ) in Historiis secundus . Crakanth . De Provid . Dei . Non Historiam propriè sed particulas historiae scripsit & ablegit , illustrium virorum vitas . Sed dignus tamen , si quis alius , Principe scriptor , qui judicium mirifice format , & diffusa ac plana quadam scribendi via ad virtutem abique & Prudentiam ducit , sed ad illam magis : & nisi fallor , melior omnino quam acutior doctor . Lips. not . in 1. lib. Polit. Est quod in eo miremur liberum de re quaque judicium , ut non tam historicus quam principum censor esse videatur : sic tamen existimo , si quis idoneus est earum reium arbiter ; aut Plutarchum esse aut neminem , quid enim tantam sapientiam latere potuit . Bodin . Meth. Hist. c. 4. Consulati à Trajano dignitate ornatum fuisse , auctor est Suidas . Fuit Plutarchus vir undecunque doctissimus , idem philologus , philosophus , & historicus summus . Magnam enim horum trium scientiam undique ejus scripta spirant . Quin habitus etiam fuit orator bonus . Tamen dissimulare non possum , dictionem ejus gravem quidem esse , sed duriusculum videri . Verùm leviculum hunc defectum multijugâ adeò scientiâ abunde summus vir compensat . Voss. De Histor. Graec. lib. 2. cap. 10.

He was a grave and very learned Authour .

He lived under Domitian and Nerva , but flourished especially under Trajane . He was his Schoolmaster , and dedicated the Collection of his Apothegmes to him .

It was said of him , if all Authours were lost he alone might supply . Ita judico caeterorum scriptorum jacturam vel unius Plutarchi operibus resarciri posse . Frischlinus in defensione Aristophanis .

His Lives and Morals were his best Works . His Lives make an abridgement of all the best things contained in the Greek and Latine Histories .

He was a follower of Plato , but an enemy to the Epicures and Stoicks .

Plutarchus totius antiquitatis rimator , & indagator tam curiosus , libro aureo de sera numinis vindicta . Herald . Animadvers . In Salmas . Observat. Ad Ius Att. & Rom. l. 4. c. 4.

Historiam hic alii mores sophiamque colamus ; Nullus erit geminum qui tibi praestet opus . Hoc Cherronensis studium conjuxit utrunque Historiae mores , moribus Historiam . Steph. Paschas . Icon.

Theodorus Gaza a Grecian born , of singular learning , being once asked by his familiar friends , which saw him so greatly affectioned to his study , what Authour he would choose amongst many , if he could keep but one alone , he answered Plutarke , because there is none so profitable and delightfull also to reade as he .

Edward Pocock , the worthy Professor of the Hebrew and Arabick Tongues in Eximius vir , non sine honorificâ modestiae , candoris ac literaturae omnis generis praefatione nominandus . Dickinsoni Delphi Phoenicizantes , c. 10. De quo merito dubites utram majorem doctrinâ an à modestia laudem mereatur . Id. ibid. Oxford .

He is honourably mentioned by Gerhard on Peter , and other outlandish men .

His learned notes in Specimen hist. Arabum , and Miscellaneous Notes in Portam Mosis give good evidence of his abilities , and I hope as he in the book last quoted very learnedly and profitably handleth the places of Scripture which he treateth of , so he will improve his knowledge in the Orientall Tongues for the illustrating of divers passages in Scripture .

Ioannes Franciscus Poggius Florentinus , a Lawyer and Doctor of Divinity , naturally

Vir quidem facetus & dicteriis clarus , pauloque amarior quam par erat . Boiss . Icones . Boxhor . Elog. Laurent . Vallae .

Liber ejus facetiarum non inficetissimus modo sed etiam impurissimus , & planè flammis dignus est . Boxhorn . Monum . Illust. Vir. & Elog. Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 3. Scripsit facetias spurcitiarum opus turpissimum , & aquis incendioque dignum . Gesn. Biblioth.

eloquent , especially in accusations and invectives .

He was facetious but too bitter , he wrote two books sharply against Laurentius Valla , to whom Valla replied as sharply .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

He wrote some obscene things , worthy to be burnt rather then read .

He was at the Councell of Constance , where he is said to have found Quintilian and Asconius Pedianus .

Amandus P●lanus , the ornament of the University of Basill . Obiit anno Dom. 1610. Illustres in hoc fuerunt vera pietas & solida eruditio . Valuit enim ingenio juxta & judicio : scientia linguarum principum & Ecclesiasticae antiquitatis . Amicitiam coluit cum viris & Theologis insignibus Theodoro Beza , Daniele Tossano , Georg. Sohnio , Gulielmor Stuckio , Pareo , Pitisco , & aliis . Melchior Adam in ejus vita .

His Syntagma Theologiae Christianae , Commentary upon Daniel , Malechy , and other learned Works shew his abilities .

Angelus Politianus , so called à Monte Politiano , a Town in Hetruria . Ex monte Politiano Hetruriae oppido , natus est Anno Domini 1454. Boiss . Icon.

He had not his fellow among all those that flourished in his age , as we may see by his Works .

He was most skilfull in the Greek and Latine tongue , a famous Grammarian , Oratour and Poet.

Huic me puero à multis primae deferebantur . Mira ejus omnino eruditio , vehemens & paratum ingenium , jugis & frequens lectio , sed calore potius quam arte versus Politianus elaboratus , verba ejus bona & usui communi apta , officiofis duntaxat , nam gravitatis minus habet quam vellem : & dum selectas quasdem vel voculas , vel dicendi formulas quasi genuinas avet ostentare , longius circumducit lectorem , pluribus tum verbis tum sensu orationem onerans quam erat opus . Lud. Viv. de tradend . discip. l 3. Politiani musae plurimum suavitatis habent , multo sale , argutiis veneribus conditae , sed ex ejus epigrammatis extirpanda sunt foeda illa gentili nedum Christiano indigna . Lud. Viv. ibid. Habuit nostra haec aetas bonarum literarum proceres duos , Hermolaum Barbarum , atque Angelum Polioianum , Deum immortalem , quam foelici ingenio , quam acri judicio , quantâ facundiâ , quantâ linguatum , quantâ disciplinarum omniū scientia praeditos . Eras. Epist. l. 4. Epist. 8. Vide plura ibid. Inter ea ingenia quae restaurandis literis cum favente fato praefuerunt , vel cum primis nescio etiam an ullo pare , semper ego aestimavi Angelum Politianum , tanta in eo vito dexteritas quocunque literarum se verteret , fuit ut nec nunc satis admirari dotes incomparabiles possit , licet nonnunquam tanto Heroi iniquior posteritas . Melancth. tom. 3. declamationum . Angelum nostrum non nisi semel sacrum codicem legisle , adeoque dixisse nullum tempus se unquam pejus collocasle , commemorat , ut & Ludovicus Vives , & ex eo Philippus Mornaeus c. 26. divini libri de verit . Relig. Christ . nec ullo idoneo teste , quod dicunt confirmant , & eo ipso satis fiquidem confutantur , quod ipsem et Politianus de se scribit , sese quadragesimali tempore publicè populo sacras litteras enarrasse l. 4. Epist. 10. Boxhorn . Monum . Illust. Vir. & Elog. Vide Vossium de Poetis Latinis c. 7. scripsisse videtur , judicii utique parum cùm in seligendo , tum in castigando habuisse visus est . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. nost. Temp. Dial. 1.

In his youth he did first make the Greek Poet Homer to speak in the Latine Tongue .

Politian in the preface to his Miscel. saith thus , Ac non id quaesivimus : ut aliquam doctis hominibus veluti labeculam aspergeremus : sed id cavimus potius : ne sub illorum auctoritate studiosorum fides periclitaretur .

See a commendation of his Miscellanies l. 3. Epist. 18. & 19. & l. 6. Epist. 4. & l. 7. Epist. 4.

His severall Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

Iulius Pollux . Anno Aerae Christianae 180. Helv. Chron. Varietatem & copiam verborun suggeret , lectore tamen indiget doctissimo , nam innuit magis peritis , quam docet imperitos . Lud. Viv. de tradend . Discip. l. 3.

He lived in the time of Commodus the Emperour .

There is his Onomasticon Gr , Lat.

Reginaldus Polus Cardinalis . Vir fuit Polus egregiè doctus , modestus , mansuetus , & moribus suapte natura placidissimis , prudens etiam & in rebus gerendis magnae dexteritatis ; ut nihil in eo desiderares , si Pontificia doctrina depravatus , ad crudelitatem in verae religionis professores exercendam , quasi in vita minerva & genio exclamante non deflexisset . Godwinus De Praesulibus Angl. Comment. Hunc Henricus octavus Rex maximè adolescentem amavit , non modò quia paterni materniquè sanguinis cognatione atque necessitudine conjunctus ei fuit , verum etiam quod literis & doctrina Regiam quondam illustrare stirpem , & Regni administrationi summo sibi adjumento esse posse sperabat . Antiq. Britan. p. 344 , 345. Polus noster , homo haud paulo plus omnibus bonis artibus clarus , quam nobilitate , qua est a Britanniae regibus . Bemb . l. 3. Epist. Sadoleto . Homo & laude virtutis & nobilitate praestans Reginaldus Polus . Sadol . l. 2. Epist. Petro Bembo .

He was of a very Noble extraction , being near of kinne to King Henry the 8th , both by the Father and Mothers side , and a good Scholer .

In quo sanguinis nobilitas ( nam proxima cognatione Regem contigebat ) & morum gravitas cum eximia doctrina conjuncta extitit . Godw. Rerum Anglic. Annal. l. 2. p. 95. Vide etiam l. 3. p. 133.

In Calvins Epistles and Answers Bullinger writes to Calvin , that England had returned to the Pope and Popery , and that the devil to recover it had used two speciall instruments , the Bishop of Winchester within the Kingdom , and Cardinall Poole without it , who then was made Archbishop of Canterbury . And he shews there that Cardinall Poole was received with great solemnity at Pauls Crosse in London ; and that the Bishop of Winchester in that Assembly revoked the Oration which he had before published under Henry the 8th , de Obedientia , and that Cardinall Poole when he spake to Queen Mary , blasphemously used the words of the Angell , Ave Maria gratia plena , Dominus tecum .

He died the same day that Queen Mary died .

CHAP. VII .

POlyander à Kerckoven , Doctor of Divinity in Leyden .

He hath put out Concertatio Anti-Sociniana .

Polybius . Multa & praeclara , libris XL. Composuit : sed pars pleraque aut tota periit , aut mutilata ad nos venit cum fraude generis humani . Recta & salutaria ubique ejus monita : & quem ego hoc magis Principibus commendatum velim : quod anxia in cum inquisitione non opus sed sensus suos aperit & revelat ipse . Lips. not . ad 1. lib. Polit. Polybius omnium , qui nobis supersunt historiae Romanae scriptorum vetustissimus . Possev . Biblioth. Select tomo 2 do l. 16. c. 12. Vide Whear . Meth. leg . Hist. Sect. 13. Polybius non modo aequalis ubique ac sui similis : sed etiam intelligens , gravis , in laudibus parcus , in reprehensionibus acerbus , ac veluti prudens legislator & bonus imperator , multa de militari urbanaque disciplina , multa de historici officio disputat : scripsit autem historias omnium ferè populorum , qui suis temporibus floruerunt ab orbe condito ter millesimo sexcentesimo octogesimo , usque ad annum ter millesimum septuagesimum sextum , sed ex libris XL. quos scripsit XXXIV . interciderunt Bodin . Method . Hist. l. 4. Vide Voss. de Ristor . Graec. l. 1. c. 19.

A learned Historian .

Polycarpus , a Tree that bare much fruit according to his name . Quo viro post Apostolos , quorum familiaris fuit , vix ullus apud Christianos unquam fuit sanctior aut divinior . Dallaeus de Pseudepig . Apost. l. 2. Episcopus & Martyr , unam scripsit Epistolam egregiam ad Philippenses , quae cum Epistolis sancti Ignatii circumfertur . Bellarm. De Script . Eccles. Discipulus Ioannis Evangelistae , eruditionis & sanctitatis nomine per celebris , floruit circa 140. annum Domini , aut paulò post . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 2.

He lived in the time of Ignatius , and drew the doctriue of the Gospel from the mouth of the Apostles , as a most pure fountain . Irenaeus saith of him , Hic docuit semper quae ab Apostolis didicerat : & Ecclesiae tradidit , quae sola sunt vera .

Arnoldus Pontacus .

Vossius terms him doctissimum & diligentissimum , and l. 2. De vitiis Sermonis , c. 3. Arnoldus Pontacus in iis , quae ad B. Hieronymi Chronicon magnâ industriâ , nec doctrina minore , annotavit .

Io ▪ Isaacius Pontanus , the King of Denmarks Historiographer , a learned Historian . He hath written Rerum Danicarum historiae l. 10. and divers other works . Recordari enim debes paucorum annorum spatio quot & quales viros amiserimus , Pic●m , Politianum , Pontanum , ●amponium , Hermolaum ; qui quidem omnes uno tempore floruerunt . Bomb. Epist. Fam. l. 4. Philippo Beroaldo Minori .

Vossius honourably mentions him , lib. De constructione c. 63.

Iohannes Iovianus * * Vir Clarissimus , Alphonsi Minoris Neapolitani regis praeceptor , cujus opera erudita & varia tribus tomis etiamnum excusa reperiuntur . Neand. Geog. Parte 1 ● . Pontanus .

Nulli sui saeculi Poetae , aut Oratori , scribendo vel docendo cessit . Boissardi Bibliotheca .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard .

Lud. de Ponte Romanus .

Ludovicus Pontanus commonly sirnamed Romanus , because among all the Doctors of the Law , he chose his dwelling within Rome . He had so happy a memory ; that he never alleadged the Law ( and he alleaged it often ) but he presently rehearsed its text all along without book .

Ausonius a a Est profecto exempli perquam rari , & proinde cedro digni , in una eademque familia , quatuor Germanos fratres pariter ad tantum eruditionis culmen pervenisse , ut intet coryphcos eruditorum merito cense●i possint . Suffridus Pet. De Script . Fris. Popma .

Suffridus Petrus mentions three of his brethren as learned , Cyprianus a Popma , Sixtus a Popma , and Titus a Popma .

His book De differentiis verborum is of good use .

Porchetus b b Galatinus ejus compilator fuit . Wakfeild . Syntag. de Hebraeorum codicum incorruptione . .

Some say Galatinus took all out of him , Porchetus and he both out of Martinus Raymundus his Pugio .

There is his Victoria adversus Hebraeos ▪ a book well esteemed of .

Porphyrius . He was Plotinus his Scholer , and Iamblichus his Master : he wrote Anno Aerae Christianae 269. Helv. Chron. 280. Iac. Fris. Bibl. Phil. fourteen books against the Christians , which he deadly hated . He was a wicked and ungodly Jew of the kindred and sect of the Sadduces , an enemy of Christ , a hater of God and his Word .

He wrote many books in Philosophy , Rhetorick , Grammer , and commented upon some of Aristotles books . Ejus adeo exosum & execrabile nomen , ut in edictis Ejus Isagoge in Aristot. organum , sive de quinque vocibus ubique Aristotelis organo praeponi solet . Gesn. Biblioth ▪ Magnum hujus inter philosophos , ac sophistas , nomen fuit . Sed inter historicos quoque jure optimo referri , nemo inficias iverit , qui sciat , philosophorum vitas scripsisse . Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 16. Imperatorum profligatissimi quique haeretîci , Porphyriani dicerentur . Crakanth . De providentia Dei .

Gilbertus Porretanus . Anno Dom. 114.

There are his

6 Principia .

In quatuor Lib. Boethii de Trinitate .

Io. Baptista Porta .

He discovers many rare and exquisite things .

He hath published severall Works ,

De miraculis naturae .

De Furtivis literarum notis .

Magia naturalis .

De hum . Physiognomia .

De Distillationibus , and other Works .

Ioan. Vincentius Porta . Ausim dic●re , Viucentio Porta paucos me vidisse doctiores , homo est incredibilis eruditionis . Wower . Epist. Cent. 2. Epist. 6. Iano Grutero .

Ioannes Posselius , a pious and learned man .

Hesiodus Analyticus .

Syntaxis Graecae linguae .

Colloquia .

Apophthegmata Graecae linguae .

Calligrophia Oratoria linguae Graecae , a book most profitable to get the propriety , elegancy and plenty of the Greek language . Liber hic certe magno labore & studio ex variis acctoribus Graecis est collectus , continetque tum phrases ac formas loquendi elegantiores , tum vocabula simplicia & synonima , item particularum usum , additis ubique tabulis , & probatorum auctorum illustribus exemplis : dignus qui ab omnibus serio Graecari , & Graece ac Latine scribendi exercitium conjungere volentibus , nocturna diurnaque manu versetur . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita .

Ant. Possevinus , an Italian of Mantua . Possevini Bibliotheca selecta , quamvis admodum manca & mutila ( ex livore scil. & praetenso odio haerese 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 ; quo fit ut innumeros praestantissimos autores praetereat ) lectu tamen utilissima . Voet. Biblioth. l. 2. Sect. prior . c. 1.

Some dislike him , he hath put all Campians reasons into his book , Dr Raynolds therefore styles him Campiani haeres ex asse , and was wont to say of him , that he had need of a broom .

Ioannes Posthius , a learned Physitian and Poet. He was born in the Palatinate Anno 1537.

He wrote excellent Poems intitled Parerga poetica . Some Anotomicall Observations , and other things belonging to Physick . Gulielmus Postellus , non sine honore mihi nominandus , quippe qui nobis Arabicae linguae praeceptiones tradidetir . Bibliander De Ratione Communi omnium Linguarum , c. 2. Qui Philosophiae & Mathematicarum artium studia primum professus , & inde longinquis peregrinationibus linguarum exterarum ac maximè Orientalium cognitionem adeptus , innumera exotici gustus scripta passim in Italia , Germania , & apud nos edidit . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 74. Vide plura ibid.

Gul. Postellus , a good Linguist , but he was mad , he held that Adams soul was in him , and other gross opinions .

He was the first of Christians which published the rudiments of the Arabick Grammer .

There are these Works of his ,

De Linguarum 12 differentium Alphab .

Clavis absconditorum aeternae veritatis .

De Phaenicum Lit.

De Orbis Terrae concordia .

De Etruriae Origine .

Gabriel Powel .

There is his

Disput. de Antichristo .

De adiaphoris .

His resolved Christian.

His Positions of Usury in two Volumes in 8o , and other Works .

Godeschalcus Praetorius . Vit omni literarum , linguarum & doctrinarum genere praestantissimus . Neand. Geog. parte 1 2.

A noble Poet made this Verse upon him ,

Bis septem linguas , sophiam omnem calluit unus .

Regnerus Praedinius the learned Rector of the School at Groning . Praedinius vocarit voluit , quod nari & in praediis esset natus . Procedebant ex ejus Schola adolescentes ita ●idelirer instituti , ac tam solidè docti , ut cum ad Academias se conferrent , omnibus essent admirationi . Vit. ●rofes . Gron.

His Works are published in one Volume .

Hieronymus Pragensis , a Bohemish Divine , who was truly worthy of a holy Praecipuis Galliae & Germaniae Academiis singularis ingenii doctrinaeque laude cognitus fuit . Ornatus erat miranda & plane divina eloquentia , nec non animi fortitudine & constantia singulari . Unde amplius 340. diebus immanissimi carceris sordibus & injurtis fuerat detentus causâ religionis . Boissardi Icones . name , a Martyr also of Christ , as Iohn Hus was , and was burned at Constance Anno 1416.

Dr Iohn Preston , a learned and profound Divine .

His Treatise of the Divine Essence and Attributes , and his Sermons upon the Sacraments , with other Works are of great use .

Iohn Prideaux , Doctor of Divinity and Bishop of Worcester , the Learned Professor of Divinity heretofore in Oxford .

His Lectures and Orations in Latine , and other Works have made him famous both here and beyond sea .

Sylvester de Prierio .

He hath written Case-Divinity , called Summa Sylvestriana , and severall books against Luther for which the Pope sent him a golden Rose .

Gilbert Primerose .

A learned Scotchman who was a French Preacher at Bourdeaux , and after one of the Preachers in the French Church at London .

He hath put out severall French books ,

La Trompette de Syon .

Le Voeu de Iacob opposè aux voeux des Moynes .

La defense de la Religion reformee par passages de l' Escripture .

Many of his Works are translated into English .

David * * Dr Prideaux when he answered in the Divinity Schools for Bachelor in Divinity , said thus to him , Accepimus responsionem tuam mi fili , tanquam adventantis veris gratissimam primam Rosam . Primerose his son was Preacher at Roane in France .

He put out Theses Theologicae .

De Peccato in genere & specie .

De Necessitate satisfactionis pro peccato per Christum .

De Divina praedestinatione , & annexis articulis .

A Treatise against the morality of the Sabbath .

Priscianus c c Irom Priscus , or Praesciae , because he was well skilled in the liberall Arts. Floruit anno aerae Christi 526. Calvis . Chronol. 527. Helv. a famous Grammarian .

Priscus & nomine & fide Grammaticus . Voss. l. 1. De Analog . c. 19.

We call incongrnous Latine , the breaking of Priscians head , as if to speak and write well by a speciall right belonged to him .

Proclus . Casaubone faith he had the best memory of any that he ever saw or Is cùm esset Olympiodori auditor , hominis facundi & cujus dicentis oratio non fluebat , sed torrentis instar ferebatur , ut paucl dicta ejus affequerentur , solitus à recitatione omnia quae dixisset Olympiodorus totidem atque iisdem verbis reddere . Casaub. in Spart . not . Licet logica leviter instructus , attamen eximius Mathematicus fuit . Certè libris & monimentis ejus recensendis libro fuerit opus , ita multiplices unius ingenii foe●us memorantur , Geometricarum verò in Euelidem expositionum libri quatuor diligentiam magnam testantur . Atque utinam , ut in primum Euclidis librum industrius esse voluit sic in reliquos parem Industriam continuasset : sed videtur aliisviam laboris indicare voluisse , laboris ipsius parte contentus fuisse . Tantus igitur Mathematicus Proclus fuisse . rami Scholae Mathematicae . Sunt quidem Procli libritres Graecè scripti ; quos ille in primum Euclidis librum edidit ; valde , ut audio , probati . Bembi Epist. Fam. l. 6. read of .

He was a great Mathematician , and famous Platonick Philosopher .

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Procopius Gazeus , Anno Dom. 530. a most grave Historian of the Romans , 527. Helv. Chron. who lived in the times of the Gothes and Vandals , and was well skilled in the Originall and Manners of both Nations .

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Propertius . Propertius facilis , candidus , verè elegiacus , tersior tamen quam existimatus est à criticis , nam & amat quaedam quae minimè sunt vulgaria . Scalig Hypercrit . c. 1. Malè audiunt amorum treviri , Catullus , Tibullus , Propertius , quòd pudoris nullam habuerint rationem , & tot infamibus chartis sese posteritati traduxerint . Dilher . Disput. Academ . Tomo 1o p. 252. Tanta versuum Propertil jucunditas & amaenitas est , ut eos dictantibus Gratiis à poeta exceptos censeas . Tantùm optarem ad aliam potiùs quam amatoriam materiam beatam illam & candidam ingenii venam contulisset : ut juvent●ti tutius legi posset . Tu●neb . Advers. l. 11. c. 15.

He was excellent and singular ( saith Pliny ) in Elegies .

Propertium qui non amat , eum profecto Musae non amant . Lipsius l. 2. antiq. lect . cap. 10.

Umbria parva tibi tantum debere fatetur , Quantum Callimacho Graecia magna suo . Steph. Pasch. Icones .

Lepidissimus & nitidissimus Poeta Propertius . Turneb . Advers . l. 8. c. 2.

Prosper of Aquitane , from his Country , not the place of his Bishoprick , as Aquitanus sive Aquitanicus vocatur à patria , non ab Episcopatus loco . V●ss . Hist. Pelag. l. 1. c. 18. Librum scripsit de ingratis quo nomine semper Pelagianos ille designat , ex haeresiarchae Pelagii cineribus exortos . Episc. Usser . De Britan. Eccles. Primord . c. 8. Hilarii aequalis . Multa praeclara scripsit pro gratia Christi contra Pelagianos , seque S. Augustini discipulum & defensorem acerrimum demonstravit . Bellarm. De Script . Eccles. Baronius .

He wrote about the year of our Lord 450.

Proverbs . They shew the genius and wit of a Nation .

There are the Proverbs of the Grecians collected ex Zenobio Diogeniano & Suidae Argutae hae brevesque loquendi formulae quamvis è trivio petirae , & plebi frequentatae , suas habent veneres , & genium cujusque gentis penes quam celebrantur , atque acumen ostendant . Salmafius Lcuino Warncro . collectaneis , by Andreas Schottus .

Erasmus his Latine Adagies are full of Learning .

Amongst the Europaeans , the Spaniards , Italians , French , English , Dutch , excell in them . Gruter hath put out Proverbia Italica , Gallica , Belgica , Germanica , Britannica .

For the Eastern people Erpenius hath put out two Centuries of Arabick Proverbs , Vide Scalig. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 65. with his own and Scaligers interpretation : and Levinus Warnerus a Century of Persian Proverbs with Notes .

Andreas Schottus hath put out , Adagialia sacra N. Testamenti Gr. Lat. selecta atque ex posita . Ioach. Zehnerus hath published also Adagia Sacra .

The Hebrews have two speciall wise Sentences , as De Dieu in the entrance to Xaverius his Persian History of Christ , observes ,

Nullum foramen acus augustum est duobus amicis : Nec satis latus est universus mundus duobus inimicis . No hole of a needle is narrow to two friends , nor is the whole world broad enough to two enemies .

Quemnam hominum diliges maximè ? Responsio , Eum cujus multa sunt beneficia ergame , quod si talis non detur , contra quem sunt multa delictamea . Whom wilt thou love best ? The answer , Him who hath bestowed many benefits on me , but if there be none such , him whom I have much offended .

Aurelius Prudentius , Anno Dom. 380. 393. Helvic . Poeta Christianus , floruit sub Theodosio seniore & filiis ejus scripsit egregia carmina . Bellarm. De script . Eccles. Fuit homo multae quidem eruditionis ac variae , verum in eloquentia ac linguae castitate vel parum valuit , vel potius neglexit , desiderio viz. pietatis ac fidei : quod ipse innuit cum alibi , tum in hymno octo decim martyrum . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Histor. Dial. 5. Historiam Christianam innuit iis quae , inter alia , de variorum Martyrum pasiombus scripsit , carmine quidem ; sed ex quo tamen petere rei gestae veritatem soleant , qui hanc materiem prosa prosequuntur . Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 2. c. 10.

A learned Spaniard , one cals him the Christian Pindar .

He hath left many Poems witnesses of his piety and zeal to Christian Religion , among which are those which he hath written against Symmachus .

Claudius Ptolomaeus . Ptolomaeus omnium primus hanc disciplinam ad certiorem rationem redegit , commentus dimenssonem latitudinis , universi orbis à polo ad polum , longitudinis ab exortu ad occasum , adhibi â collatione terrae habitabilis ad caelum , ut jam non facilè quis toto ( quemadmodum aiunt ) caelo possit aberrare Eras. Epist. l. 28. Epist. 19. Hipparchus primus omnium ex collatione suarum , & Timochatis observationum deprehendit stellas fixas locum mutare : hoc tamen vix receptum sero tandem Ptolomaeus in usum revocavit , & solidi● rationibus illustravit . Ios. Scal. Epist. 2. inter Opusc. Post.

A learned Aegyptian , of a deep and long reach in the knowledge of Astronomy , and other Mathematicall sciences .

He flourished under Marcus Antoninus Emperour of Rome .

There are three esteemed miracles of nature amongst the Learned , Plato , Aristotle , Ptolomy , which the Ancients , especially the Platonicks adorn with three divers Elogies . Plato is styled 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , Aristotle 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , quasi supra sortem humanam , Ptolomy 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . admirandus , to be admired , to whom this is singular and plainly wonderfull , that he alone , or certainly alone after Aristotle , hath published books in four divers faculties , every one of which in its kinde may be esteemed the chief with posterity .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

Ptolomaeus Philadelphus . Ita dictus quod sororem Arsinoen duxerit , celebris munificentia erga literas , extructa Bibliotheca Alexandrina . Qua occasione etiam Biblia in Graecum sermonem conversa . Helv. Chron. Magna liberalitate Ptolomaeus Philadelphus studia literarum fovit , unde factum est , ut ex omni Graecia eruditi , Alexandriam confluxerint , inter quos enituere Aratus , Apollonius , Theocritus , Licophron , Nicander Philicus , Homerus junior , omnes Poetae , qui cum numero septem essent , Pleiades dicti sunt . Deinde Aristarchus Grammaticus , Conon & Hipparchus Mathematici , quorum opera liberalia studia Alexandriae excitata sunt . Ante Christum natum 283. Calvis . Chronol. Alexandriâ conditâ , quia Aegyptus in Macedonum esset potestate , char●ae per Graeciam vulgaris esse usus caepit : usque dum ex aemulatione inter Ptolomaeos & Pergamenos Reges ( de bibliothecae ndbilitate certabant ) Rex Aegyptius vetuit chartam Aegypti efferri . Tum Pergamenus Rex ne ab studio priori remitteretur , curavit , ut membranarum longe major esset copia . Atque exinde passim in Graecia membranis caepit abundari . Quae Pergamenae dictae , quia optimae Pergamo adferrentur . Voss. De Arte Grammat . l. 1. c. 38. Vide Crocium in Ficin. De Relig. Christ . c. 26. & Camerar . Medit. Hist. Cent. 3. c. 3.

He was a great favourer of Learning , and is famous for his magnificent Library at Alexandria of seven hundred thousand Volumes ; of which Antoine Du Verdier in his Preface to his Bibliotheque , B. Usher in the first part of his Annals , and Naudaeus Aduis pour dresser une Bibliotheque c. 3. make honourable mention .

Eryc . d d Inter praecipua Galliae ornamenta , dum viveret , merito suo semper habitus . Casaub. Praesat . ad Histor. August . Christophorus Puteanus praestantissimo patre dignissimus filius . Defid . Herald . Animadvers . Ad Arnab . l. 1. Puteanus .

Claudius e e Claudius Puteanus à puero sub optimis magistris Ioanne Stracelio , Hadriano Turnebo , Ioanne Aurato , & postea Dionysio Lambino litteris operam dedit . Inde jus civile sub principe jurisperitorum Iacobo Cujacio didicit , & variis in peregrinationibus doctissimorum toto orbe virorum familiaritate usus , Urfi●i , Victorii , Manutii , Sigonii , ipsorum testimonio meruit , ut primas inter litteratos teneret , honorificè ubique in corum scriptis appellatus . Nam in his scripsit , judicioque peracri , quo in censendis aliorum scriptis plurimùm valebat , potius alienae gloriae quam propriae servivit . Thuan. Hist. Tomo 5 to l 109. Puteanus the son of Clement , a very learned man , though he wrote nothing . Iuvenis per quàm eruditus . Lambine .

Claudius Puteanus Clementis filius juvenis bonarum artium ac litterarum , studio inprimis deditus , valdeque ingeniosus atque eruditus , & quae virtutes rarò in tali aetate reperiuntur , egregiè cordatus , continens , temperans ac modestus . Lamb. Comment. In Aemil. Prob. vit. p. 122.

Ios. Scalig. writes to two choice young men Christopher and Austen Putean , sonnes to Erycius , and begins his Epistle thus , Patrem vestrum , charissimi adolescentes , me non amisisse jam sentio , quem video in vobis vivere . Virtutes patrum tam rarum natis est exprimere , quam patribus virtutum suayum ac morum exempla suis relinquere posse .

Samuel Purchas , a learned English Divine ; our English Ptolomy . Laboriosissimus vir Samuel Purchassius Anglus . Olai Wormii literatura Danica , c. 7. Samuel Purchas , Anglus , Linguarum & Artium divinarum atque humanarum egregie peritus , Philosophus , Historicus , & Theologus maximas , patriae Ecclesiae Antistes fidelis : multis egregiis scriptis , & in primis Orientalis , occidentalisque Indiae historia vastis voluminibus patris lingua conscripta celeberrimus . Bibliotheca Iacob . Boissardi .

There is Hackluitus posthumus , or Purchas his Pilgrimes , containing an history of the World in Sea-Voyages and Land-Travels by Englishmen and others , and his Pilgrimage inlarged with additions .

Gaudeat irriguus Ptolomaei nomine Nilus , Ast Anglis primus sum Ptolomaeus ego .

Pythagoras the Philosopher . Pythagoras Italicae Philosophiae decus ob secretum de triangulari forma inventum immolavit hecatomben , & tantequam se daret studiis antelucanos hymnos Deo cecinit . Beverovicius de vitae Termino p. 164.

He was born in the Isle of Samos , and was one of the chiefest persons of Greece . His Life is written by Iamblichus .

He was the inventer , or at least a principall illustrator of the Mathematicks .

The Pythagoreans so honoured their Master , that they were wont to alleadge him still in these two words 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , as much to say , we ought to beleeve it since he ( viz. Pythagoras ) said it .

There are his Symboles and golden words , and golden verses Greek and Latine , and Poems Greek and Latine .

CHAP. VIII . Q

JOhannes Quinquarboreus .

He was Professour of Hebrew and Chaldee to the French King in Paris .

There is his Chaldee Paraphrase with Scholia , upon Ruth , Lamentations , Hosea , Ioel , Amos.

Quintilianus . Anno Aerae Christianae 79. Helv. Chron. 88. Matth. Westm. Magnus ille Magister eloquentiae Fabius Casaub. ad Pers Sat. 1. Comment. ● Quamvis in eo sit civilis ad agendas caussas facultatis commonstrata quaedam prudentia , quamvis exempla quaedam utiliter collecta , attamen elocutionis quae summa laus ejus esse possit , infinita est à Cicerone differentia . N●c enim in singulis verbis eadem est puritas , vel proprietas , vel elegantia . In conjunctis tanta est differentia , ut Cice●o aure● quidem seculo , Quintili●nus autem ferreo locutus esse videatur . Sed tamen ut temporibus illis diserti homines fuerunt , ita sane numeratur in disertis , qualis tamen fortasse nec esse possim , si velim , imò verò ne velim quidem si possim . Rami praefat. Grammat . 5 ● . Quanto melius Ludovicus Vives de tradendis discip . l. 5. Ciceroni Quintilianum adjunxit Laurentius Valla , tanquam comitem , aut verius socium , paremque , non omnino injuriâ , cum verborum munditie , tum translationum , & totius dictionis acumine Hispanus fuerit Quintilianus , cujus libri doctissimi duodecim de Oratoria institutione etiam supersunt reperti Pogio Florentino in Monasterio quodam in Synodo Constantiensi , quo tempore etiam repertos fuisse ferunt Silii Italici libros 18. de bellis Punicis . Ne●nd . Geog. parte 1a. a.

Martial hath a whole Epigram of him , it begins thus ,

Qu●ntiliane vag● moderator summe juventae Gloria Romanae , Quintilian● , Togae . Mart. 2. Epig. 90.

Iuvenall and Pliny the younger were his Scholers , as Politian shews in his Preface to Quintilian .

CHAP. IX . R

RAbanus Maurus , that famous Archbishop of Mentz , Anno Dom. 840. 814. Helv. Chron. Vir omnium disciplinarum cognitione ab solutissimus , Rhetor , Poeta , Astronomus , Philosophus , & Theologus , cui nullum parem eo saeculo Germania habuit . Sixt. Senens . Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. In omni eruditione tam secularium quam divinarum scripturarum longe doctissimus evasit . Philosophus clarus , poeta insignis , rhetor facundus , astronomus , & computista celeberrimus , Graecae , Latinae , & Hebraicae peritus , cui similem suo tempore non habuit Ecclesia . Trithem . Catal. Illust. Vir. and Scholer sometime to Alcuinus in Paris an English man , he wrote a learned Commentary on all the Books of the Old and New Testament .

He was an excellent Philosopher , Oratour , Astronomer , Poet , Rhetorician and Divine . Italy nor Germany scarce ever brought forth the like in Learning .

Franciscus a a Qui literis Graecis latinisque instructissimus , & medicinae , quam profitebatur , peritissimus , postremo omni studio serio omisso se totus vitae solutae , ac gulae mancipavit , & ridendi artem hominis sicut ipse aiebat , propriam amplexus , domocritica libertate & scurrili interdum dicacitate scriptum ingeniosissimum fecit , quo vitae regnique cunctos ordines quasi in scenam sub fictis nominibus produxit & populo deridendos propinavit . Thuan. Comment. de vita sua . l. 6. Pessimè apud omnes bonos semper audivit Franciscus Rabellesius , scriptor vel Calvini judicio planè Atheus . Voet. Biblioth. Rabelaesus .

A witty but Atheisticall French Writer , and Doctor of Physick .

Matthias Raderus , a learned and diligent Writer .

He hath Commented on Martial , and put out Viridarium Sanctorum , and other Works .

Iacobus Raeuardus , a great Lawyer .

Jacobum Raeuardum audeam cum I. Lipsio . V. Cl. Belgii nostri Papinianum nominare : ut qui cum priscis illis Iureconsultis ingenii doctrinaeque praestantia comparandus esse videatur . Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica .

Georgius Ragusius .

A man of exquisite Learning , and a curious si●ter of the truth in doubtfull points , and a man of that integrity , that having got great credit in the world for his skill ( among other things ) in Judiciall Astrology , being convinced in his conscience , Non Angliae tantum , sed seculi sui decus . Amesi● Praefa● . ad Schol. Discept . De Circulo Pontif. Ob●it Anno Dom. 1607. Raynoldus in eruditissimo opere praelectionum ad libros apocryphos , quod citationibus omnis generis autorum tessellatum est . Voet. praefat. ad Theses . Johannes Reinoldus Academiam in suo pectore gestasse ferebatur . Sane scripta ejus omnigenam eruditionem , antiquitatis sum●am notitiam , imprimis colloquium cum Harto Jesuita arguunt . Lae●i Compend . Hist. univers . Vide Ios. Scalig. Epist. l. 4. Epist. 446. as himself relateth , that it was but meer co●zenage and imposture , he made no scruple to make open recantation , and wrote against it very learnedly . Dr Casaub. on Enthus . c. 2.

He hath written Peripateticall Disputations , and two books of Mathematicall Epistles or of Divination .

Iohn Rainolds , a learned and pious Doctor of Oxford . Famous beyond sea as well as here . He alone was a well furnisht Library , full of all faculties , of all studies , of all learning : the memory , the reading of that man was near to a miracle . Dr Hals Dec. of Epist. Epist 7.

Some much commend his Lectures upon the Apocrypha .

Others his Conference with Hart.

Sir Walter Raleigh . Gualterus Raulaeus , nostras , eques auratus , vir clari nominis , universalem historiam ab initio mundi usque Macedonici Imperii sive tertiae Monarchiae occasum ex probatissimis auctoribus , coagmentavit , nostrae quidem gentis idiomate vernaculo , sed accurato admodum judicio , methodo perspicua , Stylo elegante ac virili . Whear . De Methodo legendi Hist. part . 1. Sect. 6.

His History of the world is well esteemed .

Ralphe a Monk of Fulda . Rodolphus Fulden●is .

All the hard questions were sent to him from divers parts of the world .

Petrus Ramus , the Kings Professour in Eloquence and Philosophy at Paris in He was born Anno Domini 1515. the 36 year of his age .

Genebrad ( after his way ) harshly censures him . Regius in celeberrima Parisiorum academia Professor , plurimum elaboravit , ut artes ad rectam methodum & usum expeditum revocaret , ideóque multa ab eo conscripta , publicataque sunt de singulis Philosophiae partibus . Gesn. Biblioth. Ut virtus egregia nunquam ●ret invidia , aemulos & suae diligentiae calumniatores ace●●imos expertus est . Petrum Galandium , Antonium Gov●anum , Ioachimum Perionium & Iacobum ●arpentarium . Sed ante omnes infestissimos sensit Sorbonae Doctores , qui communi omnium sententiâ in Ramum insurgentes , illum haereseos in Philosophia accusarunt , quod in Aristotelem Philosophorum Principem ausus fuisset scribere . Effecerunt sua autoritate ut Ramo sit interdictum in posterum docere vel scribere in ullam Philosophiae partem . Boissardi Icones . Ex eo commendatione dignissimus , quod ingenio , diligentia , assiduitate , & opibus etiam suis , quantum in ipso fuit , rem literariam juvit ac promovit ; instituta mathematices professione , cui annuum vectigal 500 librarum è facultatibus suis attribuit . La●sii orat ▪ contra Galliam . Etsi in nonnullis quae ad nostras literas pertinent valde à te dissentio , amo tamen eruditionem tuam , amo facundiam , & multas egregias virtutes , quibus tuum hoc ingenium Dominus exornavit , nec optarim quicquam potius quam & tibi gratificari , & huic Scholae simul prodesse . Beza Epist. 36. Pet. Ramo .

Petrus Ramus turbulentiae , & sui in Linguas , artes , Theologiam denique ipsam furoris supplicium dedit . Geneb . Chron. l. 4.

Pasquier l. 9. De Recherches de la France , c. 19. and elsewhere writes more respectively of him , c. 20. of that book he shews his dislike of Carpenters revengefull act in causing Ramus to be slain in the Massacre at Paris on St. Bartholomews day .

Idola gymnasiii Praelei amoveri & recondi jussit ne conspicerentur . Rami vita A Theophilo Bannosio descripta .

Iacobus Pascharius hath these Verses of him ,

Fertilior quavis cum sit sacer arbore Ramus ; Arboris hic dignus nomine Ramus erat .

In the 21 year of his age he published a Logick with Animadversions upon Aristotle .

He was murthered at the great Massacre in Paris , and his body reproachfully dragged up and down the streets , and many of his Works not yet finished there perished .

Ranulphus b b Ranulphus noster ea diligentia , eruditione , fide Author est , ut a multis praeclaris viris , etiam Polydoro Virgilio vestro , egregius Historicus habeatur , nec Sigoniis aut Sabellicis vestris cedit . Episc. And. Tort. Tort. .

Francis Raphelengius c c Christophori Plantini gener , qui in Typographicam cum egregiam sub socero operam diu navasset , relictâ Antuerpiâ , Lugdunum Batavorum concessit , & linguarum Orientalium vel teste Scaligero valdè peritus . etiam Arabi●am publicè magnà cum laude professus est , de qua Lexicon postumum ab eò dum viveret , fummâ curâ & labore compositum prodiit . Thuan. Hist. tomo 5 to l. 119. Lutetiae Parisiorum Graecam atque Hebraicam linguam didicit , atque illam Cantabrigiae in Anglia juvenis docuit , Antuerpiae 1565. ducta Margareta Christophori Plantini filia in partem Typographiae venit . Vir fuit in Hebraeis , Chaldaeis , Arabicis juxtà , ac Graecis Latinisque exercitatus , maturo judico , sagaci ingenio , forma ipsa faciei aliquid etiam 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 prae se ferens . Sanderus De Script . Fland. l. 1. , a learned Linguist , Professor of the Arabick at Leyden .

He with others is much commended by Arias Montanus , Praefat. In Sac. Bib. Quadriling . Reg. edit.

Rasis or Rhasis , an Arabian , a great Physitian . Cunctorum ante scriptorum commentarios ingenti volumine coegit , quod medici continentem vocant , quod cuncta contineant . Volat. Comment. urb . l. 21. Vulgò advocatur Almansoris nomini quod liber ejus jussu Regis Mansoris editus sit . Hic enim Rex inter Arabes primus Gymnasia & Bibliothecas aperuisse memoratur ; quod etiam causae fuit , cur ejus aevo tot illustrium ingeniorum monumenta in lucem prodierunt . Castellanus de vitis Medicorum .

William Rastall , a reverend Judge of the Court of Common-pleas , and of great industry .

He put out a Collection of the Statutes now in force in the reign of Queen Mary .

He was the Author also of the book called the Terms of the Law . He put out Sir Thomas Mores Works also in one Volume , who was his Uncle .

Franciscus Ranchinus . Qui ad peritiam Physices , medicesque eximiam , pulch●é adjungebat notitiam , cultumque rerum antiquarum . Gassend . De vita Peire●●ii l 1.

Ioannes Ravennas Vola●terani Comment. urb . l. 21.

Venetiis praecepit , primus omnium qui ea tempestate post longa tempora ludum in Italia aperiret : unde tanquam ex equo Trojano viri praestantes plurimi prodierunt qui posteascholis ac literis omnia referserunt .

Pet. Ravennas . Pet●us Ferrettu● Ravennas Milensis Episcopus , & Graecarum litterarum , & juris civil●s Pontificiique doctissimus qui Vicarium Archiepiscop● Raven●atis di● egit . Leand. Alb. Descript. Ital. in Romanula .

Hermannus Ravenspergerus , a learned Professor of Divinity at Groning .

There is his judicium de Grotii libro de satisfactione Christi .

Florilegium Theologicum .

Ioannes Mullerus Regiomontanus , one of the famousest Mathematicians of Germany , Ioannes Mullerus à cognomine in Franconia oppido Regiomontanus dictus secundum Ptolomaum omnium qui nobilissimas has artes tractarunt doctissimus . Romae decessit cum vix quadragesimum aetatis annum egressus esset . A Bessa●ione Cardinali , qui sub id tempus legatus ad Fridericum Caesarem fuerat , invitatus cum eo in Italiam , primum contendit , & bibliothecis Romae , & aliis locis perlustratis magnam scriptorum Graecorum copiam comparavi● . Ioannem Blanchinum etiam Ferrariae audivit , & postea Venetiis opus de triangulis conscripsit , inde Viennam cum rediisset , à Matthia Pannoniae rege evocatus egregiam ipsi non solum in his artibus , sed etiam fidam in valerudine ejus conservanda operam navavit ; nam cum gravi morbo rex preme●etur , medicis incognito , quippe qui nullam ejus in humoribus depravatis caussam deprehenderent , tantum mirificum cordis languorum in aegroto , ex qua caussa incertum , animadverteret , Regiomontanus propter eclipsis , quae vitae Regi● perniciem interminabatur , hanc vitalis facultatis imbecillitatem contingere affirmavit , frustraque in humoribus morbi caus●am quaeri , tantum cordis vires rebus suavibus sovendas , nec multo post Rex haud aliis remediis curatus , convaluit , & Johannem honoratio CC. ducatorum annuo muneravit . Thuan. hist. Tomo 4 to l. 90. Vide plura ibid. Vide etiam Tomum tertium l 76. & Tych. Brah. Praef. ad Epist. Astron. Anno Dom. 1436.

Mathematicorum Germanorum unus Regiomontanus longissimè excelluit . Monimenta ingenii orbi terrarum nota sunt . Vienna professore Regiomontano gloriosa est . Rami Schol. Mathem. l 2.

He found out the tenth sphere the chiefest of all the heavenly Globe , and in its diurnall motion carrying about with it the other spheres , in this he excelled Thales , Eudoxus , Ptolomy , and Alphraganus , as Iovi●s witnesseth ; with his great Learning and other virtues he joyned piety towards God . Whence he wrote out the whole New Testament in Greek handsomly with his own hand , and by reading made it familiar to himself . Pantal. de Vir. Illust. German . parte 2 da.

Ipse certe characteres ut citissime , ita elegantissime ad pingebat : ac super fuit diu novum Testamentum , quod ab usque initio descriptum nitidissimè , solitus erat circumgestare . Gassend . in ejus vita .

Iacobus * * Olim Jesu●ta , postea veritati● confessor & professor in laqueis Pontificiorum contritis . Idem in Apologia pro laqueis contritis , quam Araneorum operas indigetat , & Anno 623. in lucem emisit . Ger● . Confess . Cathol. l. 1. General . Part. 2. c 4. Reihingius .

Erasmus Reinholdus , a Doctor of Physick , a famous Astronomer . Fuit quidem Erasmus Reinholdus Astronomus eximius & de arte hac , siquis alius nostro aevo , egregiè meritus . Tych. Brah. l. 1. de nova Stella c. 9. D. Nicolaus Win●klerus Mathematicas ●cientias olim se à Praeceptore suo , excellente illo Artifice Reinholdo Vitebergae didicisse gloriatur . Utinam verò tam benè , vel in minimis sui Praeceptoris industriam & diligentiam imitatus fuisset , atque egregium nactus erat . Tych. Brah. De Cometa Anni 1577. l. 2. c. 10.

Remigius * * Vir in divinis Scripturis studiesissimus & valde eruditus , atque in secularibus literis nobiliter doctu● , genio subtilis , eloquio disertus , vita & conversatione devotus , tantae scientiae & eruditionis fuit , ut ex omni Germania & Gallia discipulos Clarissimos suo magisterio instituendos subdiderit . Tritbem . Catal. Illust. Vir. Monachus Antissiodorensis , Episcopus tandem ejusdem ecclesiae factus esse fertur , claruit circa annum 880. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 10. .

He was Bishop of Rhemes , a man of most holy conversation , and excellently learned , as by the Commentaries which he wrote upon the Old and New Testament it evidently appeareth .

Georgius Remus , a man of great Learning .

He hath put out

Spicileg . in Salom. Prov.

In Ecclesiasten Sal.

Karoli 5. Leges Capitales cum Paraphrasi & Scholiis ejusdem .

Poemata .

Iohn Reuchlin , or Capnio , which name ( from the Germane being made Greek ) Postquam fundamenta linguae S. à Judaeo quodam Abdiâ ( cui pro singulis horis singulos aureos pendebat ) Romae in legatione didicisset , primus Ebraeas literas in Academiis Germanicis docuit , editis etiam Grammatica & Dictionario . Amamae Paraen . de excitandis SS. Linguarum Studiis . A Ioanne Lapidano Theologo Parisiensi rudimenta linguae Hebraicae Ruclinus Capnion didicit . Reliqua à Judaeo Abdia ben Jacobo Spuono , dum legatione fungeretur , apud sequentem Pontificem Alexandrum . Vit magnus , nisi linguae Hebraicae mysteria Cabalicis nugamentis maculasset . Geneb . Chronol. l. 4. Iohannes Capnion aliàs Reuclin omnis antiquissimae philosophiae & literaturae indagator solertissimus , trium principalium linguarum Hebraicae simul & Chaldaicae , Graecae pariter & Latinae interpres peritissimus , Gallicanae etiam atque politioris nostrae vernaculae inprimis clarus , & tam in divinis scripturis quam in saecularibus literis omnifariam doctissimus , quippe qui Graecorum Hebraeorumque secreta mysteria multis jam annis enixissime penetravit . Trithem . Catal Illust. Vir. Hermolaus Barbarus gave him , when he was sent by Maximilian the Emperour to Rome . His chief praise is , that he stirred up the study of the Hebrew tongue in Germany . He first of all wrote an Hebrew Grammer with great perspicuity in Latine . He invited many to learn and study the Hebrew tongue , and they received the seeds of that doctrine from him .

He was skilfull in the Law , a great Linguist , and generall Scholer .

He was born in Stutgard in the Dukedom of Wirtemberg .

Extat ejus liber de verbo mirifico , & de Cabalae scientiae placitis , eloquentia illustri ad Leonem decimum perscriptus . Paulus Jovius Elog. Vir. Doct.

Iovius saith he was the Authour of that witty book styled , Obscurorum virorum Epistolae , admirabili facetiarum lepore conditae , quibus ad excitandum risum , cucullatorum Theologorum ineptissime , atque ideo ridiculè Latina lingua scribentium stylus exprimitur .

He was almost equally skilfull in those three Languages , Hebrew , Greek and Latine . Germany therefore in regard of his skill in Languages and in all kinde of Learning , deservedly honoured and respected him as a Phoenix , and their only ornament . Eras Epist. l. 2. Epist. 1. Vide etiam ib. Epist. 4.

He bred many excellent Scholers . Hic ille est ex cujus auditorio nominatim praeter innumeros alios minus celebres , Oecolampadius , Pelicanus , Munsterus prodierunt . Bez. Icon. Vir. Illust.

Nicolaus * * Lucubrationibus propemodum infinitis , in omni scientiarum genere editis clarissimus . Boissardi Bibliotheca . Reusnerus , Professor Ienensis .

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life .

Beatus vel Bildius Rhenanus , a man of great Learning and singular judgement ,

Anno Dom. 1485.

Beatus nomine , beatissimus re . Eras. Epist. l. 7. Epist. 1. Vide ejus l. 2. Epist. Epist. 31. Rhenano Multum illi sedulo & pererudito antiquitatis Observatori , omnes bonarum literarum studiosi debent , ut qui , etsi non omnia sit assequutus , plurima tamen acutè ac diligenter animadverterit , & aditum ad alia cognoscenda multis ante tenebris obsitum , aperuerit : quod & illi de Germanicis rebus libri , & isti tum Tertulliani , tum etiam Taciti , Plinii , Livii , Senecae , Paterculi recogniti abunde demonstranti . Beza Icon. Vir. Illust.

famous for his innocency , humanity and chastity .

Iohn Sturmius hath written his Life largely and elegantly .

He first put forth Tertullian , Pliny , and many Historians , as Livy , Paterculus and Tacitus , and corrected them and illustrated them with Notes .

Stephanuus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him ,

Qui decuit quicquid Rheni concluditur orbe , An non Rhenanum dicere jure potes ?

Iohannes Rhodius , a most learned man .

There is his

Trina Theologica , Philosophica , & Iocosa .

Laurentius * * Poeta in utraque lingua Graeca atque Latina praestantissimus , Graecam linguam eruditam ac elegantem aden tenet exactè , ut hac nostra aetate sint viri excellentes , neque in judicando faciles aut temerarii , qui existiment non habere parem . Neand. Geog. parte 1a. a. Rhodomanus .

Ludovicus Coelius Richerius Rhodiginus , Anno 1450. Vir infinitae lectionis , quem apparet nihil quod usquam librorum est latuisse . De cujus integritate , & in judicando gravitate eo minus ambigendum , quod passim in suo opere pium praese fert animum , reverenter de Christo loquens , quae ei cum paucis doctis Italis , hoc praesertim aevo , communis est virtus . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 10. Coelii Rhodigini lectionum antiquarum libri 30. qui ob omni●ariam abstrusarum & reconditarum tam rerum quam vocum in utraque lingua ex innumeris scriptoribus desumptam explicarionem ( quas vix unius hominis aetas libris perpetuò insudans observaret ) meriro cornucopiae seu Thesaurus utriusque linguae appellabuntur ; quod in quocunque studiorum genere , non minor ipsorum quam ingentis bibliothe●ae , aut complurimum C●mmentariorum possit esse usus . Gesn. Biblioth. l. 10. Rarum erat eo tempore Philologiae studium , ac soli pene Caelio familiare : unde cùm apud Aldum Erasmus Roterodamus in cum de facie sibi ignorum incidisset , habitis ultro citroque Sermonibus , ille dicendi ubertate atque elegantiâ non usque obviâ Coelium Rhodiginum sibi adesse summa hilaritate agnovit . Tomasini Elogia .

He lived in the time of Maximilian the Emperour . He was invited to Millaine , by Lewis the 12th King of France , who gave him a great and royall stipend : he taught Greek and Latine there with great praise . Afterward he did excellently discharge the same office at Padua . But he especially got himself immortall fame by his 30 Books of ancient readings , in which work the abstruse words of both languages are interpreted , obscure places in many excellent writers are explained , corruptions purged , and ancient rites manifested , many secrets drawn out of Philosophy .

When a certain Germane found his sepulchre without an Epitaph , as it were in indignation , and reproaching his Citizens , he wrote on the bricks

Hic jacet tantus vir .

CHAP. X.

PEt. Ribadeneyra .

He put out a Catalogue of the Writings of the Jesuites , and other Works .

Fr. * * Franciscu● Ribera natione Hispanus , vir fuit egregiè doctus ac pius . Erat ingenio excellenti , judicio acri , tenaci memoria , Sanctorum Patrum lectione atque observatione instructus , singulari modestia , animi candore , caeterisque religiosis virtutibus cumulatus . Biblioth. Scriptorum Societ Ie● . A Philippo Alegambe edita . Ribera , a learned Jesuite .

His Commentaries on the twelve smaller Prophets , on the Hebrews and Revelation are well esteemed .

Antonius Riccobonus .

Publick Professor of Oratory at Padua .

He hath published two Volumes of Orations .

De usu Artis Rhetoricae .

Comm. in universam doctrinam Oratoriam Ciceronis , and other Works .

Christophorus Riccius . De tota re patruelium & amitinorum conjugali , dissertationem tum Juridicam tum historicam doctrina & judicio refertam pridem edidit Christophoru● Ricciu● Dantiscanus . Seldonu● De Jure Naturali & Gentium l. 5. c. 11.

His book which he hath published , is styled

Vindiciarum Iuris praemissa , adversus novatorum affanias & corruptelas .

Paulus Riccius , a most learned Jew , born in Germany , and converted to the Nostri seculi Judaeus doctissimus qui Papiae baptizarus est . Pezel Refutat . Catech. Jesuit . Profectus in Italiam doctis ibi vitis perp●acuit : atque Papiae Philosophiam publicè , non sine nominis famâ docuit . Itaque Maximiliano I. Augusto commendatus , ab eodem in medicorum suorum numerum fuit allectus cui sidem & industriam suam constanter probavit . Melchior Adam in ejus vita . Christian faith .

He published divers Works , in which he both discovered the devises of the refractary Jews , and promoted Learning . A book De sexcentis & tredecim Mosaica sanctionis seu Pentateuchi dictis . Philosophia , prophetia , ac Thalmudistica pro veritate Christiana tuenda , cum juniori Hebraeorum synagoga , disputatio mirabili ingenii acumine , in tres divisa tractatus .

Farrago ex Thalmudis codice Isagoge in Caballistarum doctrinam , which Erasmus commends in his Epistles .

And other Works he also published , which are mentioned by Melchior Adam .

Nicholas Ridley , Bishop of London , the most learned Martyr in Queen Maries daies .

He wrote a Book in prison of the Lords Supper , which is turned into Latine with an Epistle prefixed , wherein he and that Tract are commended . Ecclesiae Remensis Clericus , qui circa annum millesimum ducentesimum vixit . Etsi Trithemius scribat eum in Aurora sua , ( quo poemate historiam veteris ac Novi Testamenti carmine est complexus ) observasse diligenter legem metri : tamen toties peccat , ut nisi barbariem seculi , quo vixit , & corum quae proximè illud exceperunt , cogitaremus , meritò mirari possimus , tanto tamdiu eum in honore stetisse , ut ante duo secula , atque etiam intra illud tempus , de modulo syllabarum ex ejus versibus judicium ferri soleat . Nunc adeò exigua ejus ratio habetur , ut nomen ipsum penè fugiat vel multijugae lectionis homines . Voss. De Arte Grammat . l. 2. c. 39.

Petrus Riga .

There is his

Aurora .

Nicolaus Rigaltius * * Rigaltio pro Tertulliano plurimum debeo . Editio est elegans , notae breves , sed exacti judicii , praefationes nitidae & cultae . Grotim Epist. Petro Puteano . Eruditione perrara conspicuus . Gassend . De vita Peiresk . l. 4. .

There are his

Observationes & notae in Auctores finium regundorum .

In Glossas Agrimensorias Glossarium .

Funus Parasiticum .

Vita S. Romani .

Notae in Martialem .

Ioh. Riolanus , both the Father and the Sonne .

There is the Fathers Anthropographia .

The Sonnes Anotomica .

Ioachimus Fortius Ringelbergius . He was born at Antwerp .

Nullum perfecit librum , nisi dum a typographo excuderetur .

The manner which he observed in writing books , Melchior Adam mentions in his life ; and himself in his Book De Ratione Studii p. 85. seems to intimate .

His Works were published in one Volume at Leyden , and the particular Treatises are mentioned by Melchior Ad. vit. Germ. Philos.

Fridericus * * Cum Petrus Ramus supremis tabulis annum legatum stipendio Mathematici professoris destinasset , eo ut primus frueretur , elegit , creavit & nominavit Risuerum , ea tamen conditione , ut inchoata communibus vigiliis opera , optica praesertim & Astrologica perficeret . Praefat. Ad Risueri Optica . Risnerus .

He was Ramus his helper in the Mathematicks , he hath written four books of the Opticks .

Conradus * * Verè fuit vir hic insignis , Orator , Poeta , Philologus , & Philosophus eximius , Graecae & Latinae linguae callentissimus . Pietas autem virtutum princeps in eo fuit excellens & praeclata . In Patrum lectione singulari cum studio est versatus . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita . Vide plura ibid. Fuit Ritterbusius humanae vitae speculum , non ad intuendum modo , verum etiam ad imitandum . Melch. Adam . Ritterhusius .

He was born at the City Brunswick in Saxony , Anno Christi 1560. when Melancthou died .

He was acquainted with the learned and famous men of his age . Ioseph Scaliger , Iustus Lipsius , Casaubone , Thuanus , Lectius , Ortelius , Canterus , Bongarsius , both the Douzas , Heinsius , Freherus , Gruterus . Stenius , the Camerarii , Remus , Caselius , Velserus , Dionysius Gothofredus , Melissus , Posthius , Stuckius , Monavius , Beza , Mornie , and many other great Schollers .

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life .

Sir Thomas Rives the Kings Advocate .

These are his Works ,

The poor Vicars Plea .

Regiminis Anglicani in Hibernia Defensio .

Adversus Analecten .

Historia Navalis in two parts .

Defensio Justiniani contra Nicolaum Alemannum .

Andrew Rivet , a learned and godly French-Divine .

He hath very well expounded Genesis , Exodus , the Prophetical Psalms and Hosea , Andreas Rivetus vir clarissimus & nunquam satis laudatus , Gallicae , Belgicaeque Ecclesiae micantissimum lumen . Garissol . De Imputat primi peccati , cap. 17. Vide Guliel . Riveti Epist. Apol. ad Th. Rossel . pag. 144 , 145. and wrote learnedly against the Papists in his Catholicus Orthodoxus , and against Grotius . Criticus sacer seu censura Patrum , Isagoge in S. Scripturam , Synopsis doctrinae de natura & gratia .

Other learned Treatises hath he published in Latine and French .

William Rivet his brother is also a learned man .

He hath published a Book De Iustificatione , a most exact French Treatise ( as some say ) De Invocatione & Adoratione Sanctorum defunctorum .

Epistola Apologet.

Mart. de Roa .

There are his

Singular . loc. ac rerum , l. 5.

Singul. l. 6.

Observat. in Proverb .

Do die natali , sacro & profano .

Franciscus Robortellus . Non ignota est hominis pompatici maledicentia ; qui & Erasmus imperitiae imperitissimae insimulare , ac nequissimum appellare non dubitet : Alciatum nominet furem , expilatoremque suorum scriptorum . Paulum Ma●●tium , Bibliopolam , hominemque imperitum : M. A●●●●ium M●retum , ludi magistrum : H. Stephanum impostorem ; similibusque Elogiis alios quosque praestantissimos viros , & scripto , & sermone insignire consueverit : quo nomine reprehensus est jure summo à doctissimo quoque : eosque inter Fruterio in verisimilibus , & Sigonio imprimis l. 2. Patavinarum Disputationum adversus Roborteliu● . Voss. De Analog . l. 1. c. 7. Qui magno cum strepitu Bononiae & Batavii professus , & variis scriptis majorem de se opinionem excitavit quam implevit . Thua● . Hist. Tom. 2. l. 39.

There was a great difference between him and Carolus Sigonius .

There are his

Ephimerides Patavinae .

Adversus Carolum Sigonium .

Ang. a a Episcopus Tagastensis Apostolici Sacrarii Praefectus , vulgaris lucubration●●●s , suaque ipsius Angelica Bibliotheca apud . Augustinan●● sodales magnis sumptibus excitata publico programmate memorandus . Io , Baptistae Lauri Perusini Dialogus De viris sui Aevi doctrina illustribus Romae . Vide Iani Nicii Erythraei Pinacothecam . Bibliothecam tuam Angelicam ego multis nominibus suspicio , tum quia Libris referta est optimis ad miraculum usque ; tum quia Tabulis abundat Cosmographicis , Geographicisque summo artificio elaboratis . Pig●or . Symb. Epist. XI . A●g . Koc . Roccha .

There is his

Bibliotheca Vaticana .

Bibliothecae Theot . & Scripturalis Epitome , unà cum Scriptoribus qui in Biblia scripserunt .

And other Works .

Robert Roollock a learned Scotch Divine .

He hath commented on

Daniel , some Psalms , the Gospel of Iohn , the Epistle to the Romans and Galatians , the Epistle to the Ephesians , Colossians , Thessalonians , and Philemon .

He hath written De vocat . & modo revel . foed .

Adrianus Romanus .

There is his

Methodus Polygoniorum .

Gulielmus Rondeletius an excellent Physician . Doctissimus vir & naturae piscium callentissimus . Casaub. in Athen. Ejus scripta ejusmodi sunt , ut tantae de se opinioni sive excitatae sive sparsae non respondeant . Unum est quod hominis nomen maxime posteritati commendavit , quod de piscibus edidit ; sed eo minore laude , quòd illud potiùs alienae industriae quam suae debuit , nimirum ex Gulielmi Pellicerii Episcopi Montispessulani , viri ra●â eruditione ornati , Commentariis Concinnatum . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 37.

His Life is copiously written by Laurentius Ioubertus in the second part of his Works , and his Works are mentioned by him .

There are these Works of his

De piscibus marinis .

De ponderibus .

Methodus Curandi morbos .

De dignosc . morbis , cum aliis opusc .

De morbo Gallico .

Emendatiores Tabulae .

De dosibus .

Peter Ronsard Prince of the French Poet● . Some call him the French Homer and Imitatus est Homerum , ac Pindarum , Poetasque Lyricos tam aptè , ut sua non aliena dicere videatur . Pettar . cham quoque Italicae gentis decus , evoluit , quem sequutus , mirabiles plerumque excitat amores sui , ut opera indicant , admiranda quidem omnia , sed Hymni praecipuè quos juvenis scripsit Henrico secundo Francorum Regi , eique admodum Charus fuit , legebat enim versus ejus , quibus dici non potest , quantum delectaretur . Iulius Scaliger inclyti nominis Philosophus , ac Poeta illis temporibus vivebat . Hic admiratus Ronsardi ingenium , Anacreontica ad eum scripsit , ac Lyrae parentem honotificè vocavit : nec Scaliger modò in Italia natus , sed exte●● quoque omnes , qui Gallicae linguae scientiam habebant , m●gni illum fecere , arbitra●i , ut verum erat , nostrati●● Poetarum facilè princip●m . Papir . Masson . Elog. On ne peut assez haut loüer la memoire de grand Rousard . Jamais Poëten excrivi●●rant comme luy , c' entende ceus dont les ourages sont pa●venus jusques à nous . Et toutes fois en quelque espece de Poesie , ou il ait applique son esprit , en imitane les anciens , il les a ou surmontez , ou pour le m●ms eigal●z . Cur quant a tous les Poetes qui on● escrit , en leus vulgaires , il n' a point son pareil . Il a en nostre langue represente vn Homere , ●ind●re , Theocrite , & par mesme . Moyen diversifiè Virgile , Catulle , Horace , Petrarque , son stile en autant de ma●ieres qu il luy a pleu , ores d' vn ton haut , ores moyen , ores bas . Pasquier De ●echerches de la France . l. 7. Pierre de Ronsard a este le premier qui a entichi nostre langue de Greeques & Latines despeuilles . C' est pourquoy on l'appelle le Pindare Francois au bien Homere Gaulois . La Bibliotheque D' Antoine Du Verdier . Pindar .

Petrus Ronsardus Poeticam nostrâ aetate ad summum e●lmen evexit . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. lib. 117. part. 1.

Post Augusti aetatem poet● praestantissimus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 36. Vide ejus Hist. Tom. 4. l. 82.

This Epitaph was made of him ,

Hac tegitur Ronsardus humo , tot notus in oris , Quot patrius flavas Leda percurrit arenas .

Bartas in his second Week saith thus of him ,

L'autre ce grand Ronsard , qui pour oruer sa France Le Grec & le Latin despouille d' eloquente , Et d' vn esprit hardy manie hereusement , Toute sor●e de vers , de sty la & d' argument .

Cardinal Perron made a Funeral Oration upon his death . He much extols him there , Il s' est bien ven aux siecles passez , des hommes excellens en vn genre de Poesie ( saith he ) mais qui ayent embrassé toutes les parties de la Poësie ensemble , comme cestuy-cy à faict , il ne s' en est point veu . jusques â maintenant . See more there .

Io. Rosinus .

He hath written ten Books of Romane Antiquities .

Alexander Rosse , a learned Scotchman .

He hath written many good Books in Latine and English , in Prose and Verse .

Virgilius Evangelizans .

Virgilius Triumphans .

De rebus Iudaicis .

Additions to Wollebius and Ursinus .

Observations upon Sir Walter Rawleigh .

Marrow of History .

Chronology .

Medicus Medicatus .

Of all Religions .

And several others .

Herebertus Rosweydus , a learned Jesuite . Spectatae diligentiae & eruditionis . Vir Scriv. in lib. 2. Mart.

There are these Works of his ,

Dissertatio de fide haereticis servanda .

Historia Eremitica .

Anti Capellus .

Vindiciciae Campensis .

Lex Talionis 12 tabularum .

Corollarium contra Coecysm●t Capelli de fide haereticis servanda .

Vetus Martyrologium Romanum .

Hieronymus Roverius . Taurinorum Archiepiscopus , vel potius Episcoporum elegantiore literatura Coryphaeus . Ra●i Scholae Mathem . lib. 3.

Hier. Rubeus , a famous Physician .

There are these Works of his ,

Disputatio de Melonibus .

De distillat .

Hist. Ravennatum .

Rudolphus II. Imperator .

There are

Tabulae Rudolphinae Astronomicae .

Exhortatio ad omnes S. Roman . Imperii statu pro communi bello adversus Turcam .

Oratio in Comitiis Generalibus Cracoviae .

Ioannes R●ellius . Opus egregium in tres divisum partes de natura stirpium accuratissime consc●ipsit , Dioscordemque , Actuarium , & Constantini de agricultura libros tanta sermonis elegantia transtulit , ut peculiari elogio Aquila interpretum à doctissimo Budaeo subinde nuncuparetur . Scav. Sa●ar . Gall. doctrina illust. Elog.

There are these Works of his ,

De Natura stirpium .

Collect. & interpret . Medicinae veterinariae .

Rufinus Presbyt●r , Anno Dom. 390. 379. Helv. ●hron .

He was much esteemed by many . Multum ●ane operae contulit Rus●●●● ad historiam illustrandam . Nam inter alia , quae Gennadi●● , & ex eo Honorius commemorat , Clementis Romani Recognitiones , & ●lavium Iosephum , Latinè transtulit . Item decem libros Eusebil historiae Ecclesiasticae : verum nimia profectò libertate in vertendo usus ●uit . Sanè futilissimum auctorem vocar . Iosephus Scaliger appendice operis de emendatione temporum . V●ss . De Hist. Lat. l. 2. c. ●1 .

David Rungius . Anno Dom. 1456.

He was skilled in Hebrew , Greek and Latine , and in the Liberal Arts.

He hath published several Works ,

Analysis Ep ad Romanos .

Praelect. in Gen. in Exod.

De norma & judice Controversiarum .

Disp. in Ep. ad Rom. & Cor.

Disput. 8. in Acad.

Rupertus Tuicensis , vel Tuitiensis Abbas , Abbot of T●y . Anno Aerae Christianae 1056. Helv. Chron. Scripsit is in omnes ferè libros Veteris & Novi Testamenti Commentarios . Floruit sub Henrico quinto Imperatore . Panta● . de Vir Illust. Germ. parte secunda .

He was esteemed one of the most learned men of his age . The many Volumes which he hath left written , do testifie the eminency of his Learning .

Some of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Io. de Rupescissa a Monk , An. 1350. For rebuking the spiritualty for their grea● Vixit circa annum 1350 reprehendit spirituales de multis gravissimis sceleribus , & officii sui extrema neglectione : ob camque causam fuit in Carcerem conjectus . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 18. enormities , and neglecting their office and duty , was cast into prison .

He hath written

De 5a Essentia .

De remed. genere .

De Confectione veri lapidis Philosophorum .

Lib. lucis .

Ianus Rutgersius . Anno 1589. natus . Vir erat animi maximi , virtutis & eruditionis eximiae . Magnus praeterea ingeniorum aestimator , ipse ingeniosissimus . Testari id possunt variarum lectionum libri VI. quibus nihil elegantius habent litterae humaniores . In Martialem etiam nonnulla notavit . Boxborn . Theat. Holland .

He is called Ianus Rutgarius in the Appendix to Oxford Catalogue .

CHAP. XI . S

EManuel Sa.

One of the most famous Fathers of the Society of the Jesuites , Doctor in Divinity , who vaunts in his Aphorismes of Confession , that he was fourty whole years in making that holy Work , which he esteems certain in its Propositions , since he cals them Aphorisms , which he hath framed after the order of the Alphabet , Pasquier des Recherches de la France . l. 3.

Marcus Antonius Coccius Sabellicus . Pomponii Laeti , & Domitii Veronensis , fuit discipulus : bonarumque literarum apud Veneros Professor . V●ss . De Histor. Lat. l. 3. Vir ille scriptorum copia , & elegantia multò clarior , quam mea ulla possit commendatione crescere , miserabilem vitae finem eum sortitus est , quod putrida , perniciosaque correptus elephantiasi per annos aliquot miserabiliter cruciatus , interclusa vocis via , caeterisque tam spiritus quam cibi meatibus computrescentibus , gutturisque corruptis omnibus organis , venisque corrosis , non sine cruciabili tormento annos aliquot peregit , eaque domum confectus interiit . Pier. Valer. De Litteratorum infelicitate . Vide Boissardi Icones .

His several Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

Raymundus de Sabunde . Vir subtilissimus , natione Hispanus . Claruit anno 1430 Ges● . Bibl.

He hath written an excellent Book , called Theologia naturalis , sive Liber Creaturarum .

Io. de Sacro bosco , a famous Philosopher and Mathematician . Ioannes Sacro ▪ boscus à loco natalis dictus , quod ego nomen Saxonice interpretor Halifax . Liber quem de Sphaera edidit minutus quidem est . Quid motum ? Ab universo quaeritur , legitur , teritur Mathematicorum grege . Iohan. Leland collectan . de Vir. Illust.

He flourished Anno 1230. His Book of the Sphere is well liked .

Pantaleon a a Natione Germanus extitit . Is à teneris annis operam literis dedit , atque foelici ingenio praeditus in virum doctissimum evasit . Lutetiae edidit tractatum , de Sphaera , qui e●iamnum passim à Mathematicarum disciplinarum studiosis in manibus teritur . Pantaleon de Vir. Illust. German . parte 2 di . makes him a Germane , Dempster a Scotchman , Hist. Eccles. Scot. l. 17. Stanihurst an Irishman , Descript. Hib. but Leland and others say , he was an Englishman .

Antonius Sadeel . Sadeel verè Sadeel , satus velut ipsius Dei manu excultusque . Lectius de vita Sadeelis . Genus dicendi lene & simplex , sine illeceb●is sine fuco . Nec tamen sine facundia , sine arte : ut rerum utilitas ac doctrinae cum Eloquii splendore certaret , nec brevitas obscuritatem , nec prolixitas tedium faceret . Modesta item pronuntiatio , modici gestus decentesque ▪ & ad mansuetudinem informati natura . Lectius De vita Sadeelis & scriptis .

Antonius Burbon King of Navarre loved him well , and was wont to hear him preach .

His friends in France were especially Beza , Hottoman , Goulartius , Faius , and others . Elsewhere Grynaeus , Tossanus , Stuckius , Fontanus , Bovius , L'Estraeus .

Iac. Sadoletus a Learned Cardinal . He was thought to be poisoned . Iacobus Sadoletus Orator aevi sui uberrimus . Vixit annos 70. obiit Romae anno 1547. Nomenclat . Sanctae Rom. Eccles. Cardinal . Eximium hujus aetatis decus . Eras. l. 27. Epist. Epist. 38. Vir doctissimus & Ciceroniani styli imitator non vulgaris . Gesn. Biblioth. Vir gravissimus , omnibusque virtutibus , omni disciplinarum genere , omni litterarum cultu longè praestans Iacobus Sadoletus Collega meus . Bembi Epist. l 5. Budaeo . Leo decimus acerrimo ingenio , & gravissimo judicio princeps , simul ac creatus est Pontifex maximus , eum statim & Petrum Bembum ex omni doctorum hominum copia elegit , quorum in conscribendis Epistolis opera & ingenio uteretur : quod apud Romanos Pontifices munus longe honestissimum est . Is autem eo ita munere functus est , ut non ingenio modò , & scribendi ●acultate , qua nemo aetate nostra ad illam antiquorum scriptorum laudem propius accedere existimatus est : sed industria etiam , & fide principi illi maxime satisfaceret . Antonius Florebellas De vita Iacobi Sadoleti . Qualecunque tamen id sit quod mihi accidit , scire te volo , me his proximis Comitiis à Paulo tertio Pontifice Maximo in amplissimum ordinem S. R. E. Cardinalium esse cooptatum . Quod sit ne laetandum , nec ne sit , equidem ignoro . Scio enim me alias hujusmodi occasiones vitasse : & nunc quidem certè quod factum est , neque ex voluntate mea , & praeter omnem expectationem factum est . Ac singularis quidem Pontificis maximi voluntas declarata est adversum me , qui judicavit eo honore me dignum , quo forsitan non sum dignus : vel potius planè non sum : quis enim est tam arrogans , qui audeat ipse de se facere judicium dignitatis ? Sadolet . Epist. l. 10. Petro Bembo .

Peter Bembus in the fifth Book of his familiar Epistles , writing to Cardinal Pool of Sadoletus his Book concerning Philosophy , saith , he read it over often , and then gives this approbation of it , Equidem ab illis Augusti temporibus quae profecto maxime omnium summis ingeniis & praestantibus scriptoribus claruerunt ; nullum legi librum scriptum , ut mihi quidem videtur , appositius , splendidius , nullum melius , nullum Ciceroniano mori , stilo , facundiae denique vicinius . Vide etiam l. 6. Epist. Fam. Paulo Sadoleto p. 327 , 328.

Iac. Salianus . Voluminosus ille Chronorapsodus , exscribit undecunque collecta & a●rosa sine delectu ●lerunque aut judicio , è Lyrano , Abulensi , Carthusiano , Iosepho , Hebraeorum Chronologiâ more solenni , quippe qui se professus est Iosepho adversarium , omnia , si non depravat & pervertit , in sensum certè vertit deterriorem , improbissimus sycophanta . Montacut . Apparat. 6.

There are his

Annales Ecclesiastici Vet. Testamenti , in divers Tomes .

Cl. Salmasius , a learned French Critick . Vir incomparabilis , maximus Salmasius de primatu Papae , post quem Homerum si quis Iliad● conscribere velit , inutilem laborem suscipiet . Rivet . Grot Discus . Dial. Sect. 5. Vir nunquam satis laudatus , nec temere sine laude nominandus , Claudius Salmaesius . Voss. De Orig. & Progres . Idol . l. 4 c. 91. Nostri seculi miraculum , & antiquitatis promus condus . Gul. Rivet . Prae● . ad vindic . Evang. Non Galliae suae duntaxat , sed jam & hujus Bataviae ingens decus , atque adeò totius Reipublicae literariae praesidium . Voss. De Analog l. 3. c. 46. Clarissimus Salmasius notis ad Vopisum , ubi post Guilandinum & Dalecampium in Plinium , ac Scaligeri diatribam adversus Guilandinum , pulcrè , indictaque aliis , de hoc disserit argumento Voss. De Art. Gram. l. 1. c 38. Vir alioquin ad literas summo honore tractandas , & illustrandas natus , si modestiam adhibere , & arroganti de se persuasione , ac erga alios malignitate excussa , mentem animi in iis sedulo occupare potuisset . Herald . Anim advers. In Salmas . Observat. Ad Jus Att. & Rom. l. 2. c. 7.

De omni hujus ludi ( scil. calculorum sive tesserarum ) ratione accuratius à nemine scriptum , quàm maximo Salmasio , nunquam satis laudatis ad Historiae Augustae scriptores notis . Vossius De vitiis sermonis l. 3. c. 52.

He hath written Notes upon Tertullian de pallio .

De Transubstantiatione contra Grotium .

De primatu Papae , vel de ordine Ecclesiastico .

De Episcopis & Presbyteris , with divers Philological , and other Works .

Accuratè de hisce annulis Salmasius eruditâ Epistolâ , vel libro potiùs , de Caesarie , ac coma mulierum . Voss. De vitiis sermonis l. 3. c. 51.

Two or three years , plus minus , before he made his Books , entituled , De usuris , deque usurarum modo .

Samuel Petitus published the Attick Laws with a Commentary . He ( though learned ) was unfurnished with helps , to compleat such a Work . Salmasius therefore then reading of him , or coming newly from him , took many things from him , and without a diligent search inserted them into his Books , Hinc ex parte tot errores , imo tot monstra , quae in libris illis incubant , ubi his de rebus agitur . Herald . Animadvers . in Salmas . Observ. ad jus Att. & Rom. l. 2. c. 12.

Salmasius librum inscripsit de usuris , quae inscriptio tractatum juris premittebat . In eo libro verborum proprietates , & origines tractavit ; feliciter multas , infeliciter plurimas ; atque ea in re pars maxima ejus laboris consumpta est . Et sic liber , quem juridicum volebat efficere , in grammaticum abiit , sive exiit . Id. ib. l. 2. c. 4.

Alph. Salmeron .

Com. in Script . Novi Test. Tom. 16.

His Work upon the Parables is well liked .

Rabbi Salomo a learned Jewish Expositor .

Unus ex praecipuis Iudaeorum Commentatoribus . Paul . Fag . Annot. in Chald. Par. in Gen. 49 10.

Salvianus b b Is scripsit praeclarum opus de judicio & providentia Dei ad Salonium Episcopum Viennensem , & se Episcopum etiam inscribit . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 5. Gallicae gentis Episcoporum magister . Taubman in Plaut. , Anno Dom. 460. 480 alii .

A learned Father . His Book of Gods Providence is well liked .

Salustius Crispus . Si pauca excipias verbi , quae partim notavit ipse , partim ex alieno seculo , ac potissimum ex Catonis originibus , invidiosè decerpsit , genere dicendi brevissimo aptissimoque dominari omnium testificatione temporum dictus est . Strad . prolus. l. 2. 3. Hist. parte 2da. Acre & sublime viri ingenium , dicendi vis magna , crebrae sententiae , nervosa brevitas narrat pressé , irrepit subtiliter , pugnat robustè , verbis vix unquam temerariis , sed acri castigatione delectis , sententiis veris concionibus cultis . Caussin . Eloq . Sac. & Hum. Paralel . l. 1. c. 61. Rerum Romanarum florentissimus auctor . Tacitus 3. Annal. c 30. Vix tandem habitura est quidquam egregium Latina lingua quod non Salustianum sit : adeo hujus scriptoris stylum admirabilem & modo non venerabilem mihi cupis reddere . Steph. De Lipsii Lat. Palaestra prima .

Salust is a wise and worthy Writer , but he requireth a learned reader , and a right considerer of him . Aschams Schoolmaster 2 d part .

Crispus Romana primus in Historia . Mart. l. 14. Epig. 191.

Scaevola Samarthanus , a learned French Poet.

He hath published Poems and Elogies of the learned Frenchmen . Elogia Gallorum doctrina illustrium praescripsit . Voss. De Histor. Lat. lib. 3. cap. 10.

Stephanus Paschasius in the 4th Book of his Epigrams , hath these Verses to him .

Seu Latios scribas , seu Gallos Scaevola versus ; Nil Latia , aut majus Gallica terra tulit . Roma suum jactet , miretur Gallia nostrum : Cur ita ? pro patria vovit uterque manum .

Rob. Sanderson , A Learned School-Divine of our own .

He hath put out divers English Sermons , and a learned Treatise De Iuramento .

Gaspar Sanctius , A Learned Spaniard . Nihil illo fuit humilius in omni vita , nunquam est visus irasci , aut animo commoveri : nunquam vocem solito amplius extollere non pati detrahentes nomini alieno : ipse de omnibus honestè sentire & loqui . Nunquam in omni vita mentitus est . Quantus fuerit doctrinâ , lucubrationes ejus abundè declarant . Biblioth. Scriptorum Societ . Iesu ab Alegambe edita .

He hath put out Commentaries ,

In Ruth , Ezram , Neh. Esther .

In quatuor libros Regum .

In librum Job .

In Prophetam Isaiam .

In Jeremiam .

In Ezech. & Dan.

In Prophetas minores .

In Zachariam .

Antonius Sanderus . He hath published divers other works mentioned in his first book De Gandavensibus eruditione claris .

He hath written ,

Elogia Cardinalium Sanctitate , Doctrina , & Armis illustrium .

De Scriptoribus Flandriae .

Hagiologium Flandriae .

De Gandavensibus Eruditionis fama claris . l. 3.

Gandavum , sive de Antiquitatibus .

De Burgensibus eruditionis Fama claris . l. 2.

De Claris sanctitate & eruditione Antoniis , l. 3.

Nic. c c Quo homine vix quicquam habuit orbis Christianus ad omnem mentiendi libidinem impudentius , & obdutatius . Certe qùae scripsit libro illo de Schismate Anglicano , ita pleraque omnem fidem hominum & existimationem superant , ut totus ille diabolico furore percitus prostituisse Satanae conscientiam & destinata malitia fraena sibi ad omnem maledicentiae turpitudinem laxasse videatur . Abbot . ad Apologet. pro Garnet . Apol. c. 2. Sanderus .

There are divers Works of his ,

De visibili Monarchia .

De Clave .

De Iustificat . contra Colloquium Altenburg .

De honoraria adorat . Imaginum .

De schismate Anglicano .

And several English Books .

Hugo Sanfordus .

He hath written a learned Book De descensu Christi ad inferos .

Iacobus Sannazarius , or Accius Sincerus , a Learned Poet.

Inter poetas primum locum obtinuit vir eximius . Cujus ingenium monumenta non vetusta non oblivio delebit ulla , ut ex tot Regum triumphis haud paullo clarior , quam ex unius hominis doctrina , atque ingenio , Parthenope sit futura . Manut. Praefat. in Sannaz .

He put out a famous Poeme De partu virginis in quo de perfectione poëseos videtur cum antiquis decertare . Boissardi Bibliotheca . He was Virgilii aemulus .

There is this Epigramme of Cardinal Bembus upon his Sepulchre at Naples .

Da sacro cineri flores , hic ille Maroni Syncerus musâ proximus , ut tumulo .

Sappho * * Scripsit Lyricorum libros LX. Praeterea Epigrammata , elegias , Jambos & Monodias carmini Sapphico ( cujus inventrix fuit ) dedit nomen . Catal. Doctarum Virginum & Foeminarum ad finem . Westhon . Parthen . Lesbia a woman , so called from the place of her birth , viz. the Isle of Lesbos .

She lived 515. years before the birth of Christ , one of the first which practised the science of Poetry .

The Romans erected a Statue of Porphiry richly wrought in memory of her . She was very expert in the composition of Lyrick Verses . She invented also a sort of Verses called Sapphick from her name . Qui de ritibus ac moribus gentium libros tres , de inventoribus rerum libros duos , & de nummis librum unum conscripsit ; autor valde eruditus , & lectionis valde multae . Neand. Geog. parte 1● .

Alex. Sardus .

He hath written a Book

De moribus & ritibus gentium .

Erasmus Sarcerius , a learned Divine . He was born Anno 1500.

His several Works are mentioned by Boissard , and many of them in Oxford Catalogue .

Io. * * Telis acerbissimis nonnunquam insectabatur Cleri abusus , scriptor suae aetatis longè eloquentissimus , carmine ac prosa excellens Balaeus De Script . Brytan . Cent. 3. Sarisburiensis .

There is his Metalogi●us .

Polycraticus , sive de nugis Curialium .

Epistolae .

Adam Sasbout Professour of Divinity at Lovain .

Docent duo interpretes scripturarum accuratissimi , Cornelius Jansenius , & Adamus Sasbout . Bellarm. Recognit . operum de summo Pontifice .

Hieronymus Savanarola of Ferrara , by profession a Dominican , a famous Preacher , Italus secta Dominicanus , Concionator percelebris , pietate sanctimonia , doctrina adeò clarus , ut à pleris que Propheta haberetur . Morn . myst . Iniq. An. 1499. he was burnt .

Being a Monk in Italy , and singularly well learned , he preached sore against the evil life of the spiritualty , and specially of his own Order , complaining sore upon them , as the Authours of all misehiefs and wickednesse . Whereupon by the help of certain learned men , he began to seek Reformation in his own Order . He threatned Italy with the wrath and indignation of God , and prophesied before unto them , that the Land should be overthrown for the pride and wickednesse of the people , and for the untruth , hypocrisie and falshood of the Clergy , which God would not leave unrevenged , as afterward it came to passe , when Charles the French King came into Italy and to Rome , and so straitly beset the Pope Alexander , Ante annos 90. exustus est Florentiae celeberrimus ▪ Concionator Hieronymus Savanarola Monachus Dominicanus cum aliquot sociis . Vir eruditione ac pietate insignis . De articulo gratuitae justificationis fidei in Christum rectè sensit ut apparet ex ejus Commentariis in Psalm . 51. Communionem sub utraque specie defendit , Indulgentias damnavit . Papae , Cardinalium , omniumque spiritualium turpem sceleratamque vitam & officii neglectionem , gravissimè est accusare solitus . A Ioanne Pico , comite Mirandulae docto viro sanctus propheta appellatur , & proprio scripto , & contra Papam defenditur . Marcilim Ficinus in quadam Epistola propheticum spiritum , & alioqui eum magnificè celebrat . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. Vide plura ibid. Praedicator acerrimi ingenii , summae doctrinae & eruditionis vir , austerae vitae , & morum sanctimonia omnibus admirandus : vehemens in reprehendendis vitiis , eloquentissimus in concionibus : tanta vi dicendi , & facundia pollebat , ut quò vellet animos auditorum persuasos flecteret . Ideo quoties ad populum verba haberet è suggestu tantus ad illum audiendum confluxus erat , ut amplissima templa multitudinem capere non possent . Boissardi Bibliotheca . that he was forced to make composition with him . Foxes Act and Monum . Vol. 1. p. 596.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard ▪

Sir Henry * * Savilius Anglicè loquentem nobis Tacitum ediderat notis quibusdem suis longe eruditissimis illustratum . Montas . Antidiat . Hic Chrysostomus à Savilio editur , privata impensa , animo regio . Casaub. Epist. Append. p. 63. Excellentis ingenii & admirandae eruditionis vir . Id. Epist. 84. Vide Scultet . Cu●ric vitae p. 62. In notis tuis nihil displicet praeter brevitatem & pauciratem . Caeterùm cum cogito & sumptuum , quos fecisti , immensitatem , & non ferendos labores , quos per aliquot ●nnos , quâ exemplaria Chrysostomi conquir●ns , quâ legens & relegens , quâ emendans , quâ invicem comparans sustinuisti , absolvote ab omni culpa , imò miror potiùs quod reliquis laboribus ( qui alium quemvis non invicti planè animi oppressissent ) hunc etiam notas tuas scribendi & alienas corrigendi addere voluisti . Boissii Not ▪ in Homil. in Genes. ad Dominum Henricum Savilium . Quod docte & accurate observavit Savillus , ut pleraque alia in his historiarum libris qua illustrandae Taciti historiae , qua ostendendo in quibus Tacitus ipse incuriosius aut minus explicavit rerum gestarum ordinem , aut contraria sibi ipsi & repugnantia scripserit . Quae omnia summa industria diligentia , judicio ab eo relata aut ipse non invidebit nobis Cismarinis Latina lingua dare , aut erunt , qui ●udeant . Merc. Not in Tac. Savil , a great Mathematician , and expert Grecian .

He was skilfull in the Greek and Latine , and most of the Liberal Arts.

To whom Oxford is beholding for her Mathematick Professors , the Christian world for Chrysostom and Bradwardine His putting forth Chrysostom cost him 8000 pounds .

Nil oriturum aliàs , nil ortum tale fatemur , said Marcus Velserus a learned Germane of that Work .

Vir acerrimi judicii , & ob editum Chrysostomum perennis gloriae Henricus Savilius . Meibomii Praef. ad Gaudent . Harmon , Introduct.

Scaligeri utrique .

Both the Scaligers , Iulius Caesar Scaliger , and Ioseph his sonne were excellent Scholars and famous Poets .

Andrew Melvin hath these Verses of them ,

Scaliger aut pater , aut proles si carmina dictat ; Scaligero solus Scaliger apta canit . Scaligero patri par nemo , simillima proles , Tam patri similis , quam pater ipse sibi . Scaliger aut pater , aut proles , ambo unus , in uno aut Est pater in nato , aut in patre natus erit .

CHAP. XII . Criticus , Grammaticus acerrimus , poeta excellentissimus , Philosophus eruditissimus , alter in medicina Aesculapius , & quidem ( dictu pene incredibile ) haec omnia quum aetatis juvenilis parte in armis consumpta , serius sese literarum studiis dedisset tum ingenil extra omnem aleam positi praestantia , tum indefatigabili labore , quamvis adversante valetudine consequutus . Bezae Icon. Vir. Illust. Latina Iulii Caesaris Scaligeri Poetica ; spissum sane opus & perspicacissimi ingenii atque ingentis in viro eruditionis argumentum . Possev . Biblioth. Sel. Tomo 2 do . l. 17. Iulius Scaliger Veronensis , non minus eruditione quam genere ac prole Clarus . Bod. De Repub. l. 5. c. 1.

JUlius Caesar Scaliger was thirty years old before he fell to study , yet was a singular Philosopher , and an excellent Greek and Latine Poet.

Vossius cals him Naturae miraculum . Instit. Orat. l. 1. c. 3. sect. 1. & ibid. l. 1. c. 5. sect. 2. he saith thus , Vir ille nunquam sine laude dicendus , vir ad unguem factus . Voss. Instit. orat . l. 4. c. 11. sect. 3. Summus profectò veterum censer , ac deliciae omnium , quorum interest vacare Musis . Voss. Institut. orat . l. 5. c. 13. sect. 1. Yet elsewhere * * Multum in exercitationibus suis debet Ioanni Lconi ; utcunque nomen scriptoris semper suppresserit . Voss. De Orig. & Progress . Idol . l. 3. c. 59. Hoc contradictionis studium quod ubique in hisce exercitationibus se prodit sophista dignius est quam philosopho . Majorem enim modestiam , dum falsè adeo tractat Cardanum , meritò passim requi●as : praesertim si cogites scribere adversus virum summum , studiis quidem humanitatis , & metphysices non paulò inferiorem , at non scientia naturae , Mathesios autem omnibus disciplinis , in quibus parum omnino Scaliger videbat , albis quod dicitur equis praevertentem . Voss. De Orig. & Progress . Idol . l. 3. c. 80. Vide ibid. c. 84. & Mo●●acut . Analect . Exercit. 5. Sect. 4. Oratione illa adversus Erasmum doctiùs , quam modestius , magisque ad ostentationem & laudis aucupium , ex magnitudine adversarii , quam veritatis studio scripsit , sed hanc culpam heros ille postmodo , poenitudine ductus quodammodo eluit divino epigrammate , quo Erasmum adeo ex●ulit . Voss. Institut. Orat. l. 4. c. 2. Sect. 4. De cujus viri ingenio ita semper apud me judicarim , ut illum dum se philosophiae pallio continuit , rectè , & decentissimè ; cum verò Imperatoris paludamentum indu●● , futiliter omnia , & vanè locutum fuisse non dubitem asserere . Na●dae●● De Studio militari l. 1. p. 183. he taxeth him for being much beholding to an authour in his Exercitations , whom yet he never mentions , and for his too much contradicting of Cardane .

In his Exercitations he opposeth Cardan too much ; Idque non tam eruendae veritis studio , quam ut effraeni desiderio suo satisfaceret , cum illis omnibus congrediendi , quos suo tempore , literarum eruditionumque Principes haberi cognoverat . Na●daei de Cardano . Iudicium . Vide plura ibid.

So in his Commentaries upon Aristotle de Animalibus , he inveigheth against Theodore Gaza a most innocent and learned man .

Lipsius highly admires him , Tres sunt quos admirari unicè soleo , & qui in hominibus excessisse mihi humanum fastigium videntur , Homerus , Hippocrates , Aristoteles , sed addo hunc quartum ( viz. Julium Scaligerum ) qui natus in miraculum & gloriam nostri aevi . Lips . Epist. Cent. 2. Epist. 44. Jano Dousae filio .

Ne vir sim ego , si acutius aut capacius ingenium inter homines fuit ab illo ipso Juliano aevo . Lipsius De Rect. pronunc . Latina Linguae c. 7.

Vir stupendae eruditionis , & quo Sol doctiorem vix illuxit alterum . Meibomii Maecenas c. 4.

Vir quo superiorem antiquitas vix habuit , parem certe haec aetas non vidit . Thuan. Hist. Tom 1. l. 21. Vide plura ibid.

Ioseph Scaliger , one of the great lights of France and Holland too . Iosephus Scaliger Grammaticus melior quam Logicus . Savil. Lect. 12. in Euclid . In amore tuo gaudeo : in judicio triumpho , quia ( verè , & ex animo ) si quisquam est proborum , cui probari me meaque velim : is tu es , inter probissimos primus . Aquila in nubibus , quod Graeci dicunt , verè tu es : vides , imo pervides omnia : & quicquid venaris , capis . Lips . Epist. Cent. 1. Epist. 6. Ios. Scal. Vide Ios. Scalig. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 1. & 2. & etiam Epist 90 , 98. Sane unicus libellus contra Serarium tanta doctrinae reconditae copia est refertus , ut omnes inimici Scaligeri , si in unum conveniant & capita conferant , parem librum nunquam sint daturi . Casaub. Epist. 298. Thuan. E●●●bium Scaligeri legi & ita sum admiratus , ut nihil simile putem me legisle . Casaub. Epist. 392. Vassano & fratri . Vir tantus , cujus nomen nunquam mihi occurrit , quin illud venerer . Herald . Animadvers . in Salmas . observat. Ad. Jus Act. & Rom. l. 2. c. 19. Vide Gassend . De vita Peireskii l. 2. p 124 , 125 , 126. Iosephus Scaliger vix delibatis conjugationibus Graecis Homerum cum interpretatione arreptum XXI . diebus totum didicit ; poeticae vero dialecti vestigiis insistens , Grammaticam sibi ipse formavit , neque ullam aliam didicit ; quam quae ipsi ex analogia verborum Homericorum observata fuit . Reliquos verò poetas Graecos omnes intra quatuor menses devoravit . Neque ullum Oratorem aut Historicum prius attigit , quam poetas omnes teneret . Nullus extat auctor , sive Graecus , sive Latinus , in quem non plurima notaret . Meurst Athenae Batavae . Wower writing to Joseph Scaliger from Rome , saith , Non facilè dixero quantos amatores ingenii tui praeclara monumenta hic invenerint . Parco dicere , quam frequens , quam honorifica illustris nominis tui mentio , quam curiose de rebus tuis sigillatim inquirant , quarum noticia stuporem ipsis merito auget . Wower . Epist. Cent. 2. Epist. 9. Vide etiam Epist. 71. In Criticis omnium recte aestimantium judicio princeps sine controversia , sine aemulo ac rivali dominatur . Baudi Oratio in obi●um Scaligeri . Nullus est alicujus notae scriptor Graecus aut Latinus , cui non lucem aliquam soeneratus sit . Id. ibid.

In antiquos scriptores nimium petulans & protervus . Montac . Exercit 2. sect. 10.

For variety of Learning and skill in the Oriental Languages ( besides his acuratenesse in Chronology ) he exceeded his Father .

Julius Scaliger vir incomparabilis nisi Josephum genuisset . Meric . Casaub.

Dictator eruditorum . Dilher . Disput. Acad. Tom. 1. Flos isle illibatus Musarum . Casaub. Epist.

Senatus Critici princeps - Voss. Institut Orat. l. 4 c. 19. sect , 5.

Is juvenis quanta sit eruditione & judicio , quaque in vetustis scriptis conferendis industria , & abstrusa sensibus eruendis acumine , monumenta ab eo edita testantur . Buchan Rerum Scot. Hist. l. 2.

In the first Volume of the Lord of Plessis his Lettres & Memoires , Casaubone relating to him Scaligers death , saith , This losse of so learned a man , wrought in him an incredible grief , and that he for his particular had lost another Father , and saith , That he had the honour to be loved by him , and that he much honoured him according to his merit , and addes , That those which of late have so calumniated him , will not spare now to reproach him much more ; but ( saith he ) he will not want such as will vindicate him , Dum quidem literis melioribus suus honor stabit .

Mounsieur Du Plessis likewise condoles with him in so great a losse , and saith , That Scaliger indeed made one of the integral parts of the better Learning of this Age , but ( saith he ) he was aged , and therefore to have lived longer would have been but a burden ; and he doubts not likewise but the Jesuites would insult over this dead Lion , but it makes for Scaligers honour ( quoth he ) to have such Adversaries , Ut omnis boni osores , ita & omnibus exosos . And I assure my self , that when they shall attempt it , they shall not do it impune , as long as you shall live , which ought therefore to redouble your courage , that so Christianity may finde a supply of the other want in your increased abilities , as Physicians say , when one eye is lost , the other sees the better .

Thuanus honourably mentions him in his History * * Iosephus Iustus Scaliger secundum patrem nunc inter litteratos & jure litterarum principem sine controversia locum tenet , vere eruditorum Phoebus , ut politissimi ingenii Vir , Lipsius eum indigitavit . Thuan. Hist Tom. 1. l. 21. Vide plura ibid. Literatorum hujus saeculi princeps Iosephus Scaliger in illo admirando & ad omnem aeternitatem victuro opere , quod de emendatione temporum composuit . Thuan. hist. tom. 3. l. 76. Amicitia cum Scaligero contracta vitio illi à virturi & literis infesto hominum genere vertitur . Thuan. de vit. sua l. 7. and in the first Book of his Commentaries De vita sua , saith he , continued in a league of friendship thirty eight years , and addes , Eaque re , quam sibi ab improbis hominibus exprobrari & vitio verti intellexit , in sinu gaudet , & palam gloriatur , tantaque ex recordatione ejus nunc etiam voluptate perfunditur , ut contumelias , convitia , calumnias , & pericula & incommoda ab injusto illorum odio , si Deo placet , ob id profecta , si detur optio , tam dulcis & honestae tamque eruditae consuetudinis amissione aut etiam oblivione nolit redimere . Et hoc ist is pro omni ad illorum virulentiam responsione dictum cupit . And addes , That in all that while in which he was acquainted with him , he never heard him dispute of the controverted points of Religion , or that he knew was he accustomed to write to others about them , Neque vero ( saith he ) nisi provocatus de iis nec nisi invitissimus disserebat ; and concludes thus , Quasi vero extra Religionis caussam non multa praeclara & supra captum , quantum ad literas , humanum in ea admiranda essent , quae bonus quisque ab eo cognoscere & doceri merito cuperet , & propter tam raras in eum à Deo cumulatas dotes non ipse observari ac praecipua veneratione à bonis quibusque mereretur .

Desiderius Heraldus seems to question his Book De re nummaria , cum libellus post ejus obitum editus sit , nec ab eo ante recognitus . Animadvers . in Salmas . Observat. ad Ius Att. & Rom. l. 2. c. 20. Eusebii Chronica castigavit notisque illustravit , quibus nihil hic sol videt eruditius . Voss. De Hist. Graec. l. 2. c. 17.

Chr. Scheiblerus . He wrote ,

Opus Logicum , compendium Philosophia Metaphysica cum additionibus . T. Barlow .

Will. * * Vir clarissimus & à peritia Linguae Arabicae commendatissimus Dominus Williel●us Schickardus Professor Tubigensis . Specimen . Arab. Iohan. Fabric . Schickardus , a great Linguist .

There are his , Horologium Hebraeum .

Bechinath Happeruschim .

Institutiones Hebraeae .

Ius Regium Hebraeorum .

Epitome Bibliorum seu Eclogae sacrae , and his Tarich Regum Persic .

Valentine Schindler , singularly skilled in the Hebrew and the Oriental Tongues .

He wrote , Lexicon Pentaglotton .

Martinus Schoockius . He is Professor of Logick and Physick in Groning .

He hath published these Works

De bonis Ecclesiasticis .

Accurata de reip. Belgicae faederata descriptio .

With several other Works .

Caspar Schoppius . Andrais Eudaemon . Andreas sane & Schoppius nomina sunt illustria è familia calumniatorum . M. Casaub. pietas .

He and Andrew Schoppius are good at railing .

He hath written sharply against Ioseph Scaliger , styling his Book

Scaliger Hyperbolimeus .

He hath published also other Works .

Cornelius Schonaeus , a Poet of a most elegant wit . His holy Comaedies ( entituled Terentius Christianus ) which are commonly used , shew that .

And. Schottus , a most learned and candid Jesuite . Vir ad litterarum studia promovenda natus . Haeschel . Not , ad Bibliothecs , Photii . Natione Belga , domo Antuerpia natus scripsit Bibliothecam Hispaniae , seu de Academiis ac Bibliothecis , cum elogiis & Nomenclatore Clarorum Hispaniae scriptorum Tomis tribus distinctam . Biblioth. Scriptorum Societ . Iesu. A Philippe Alegambe edita . Hic amicos habuit Claudium Pu●eamu● , Scaligerum , Pitbaeos , Passeratium , aliosque , semper in libris , omnibus gratus , moribus tractabilis , & ut unico verbo dicam , Ipsa ●onitas . Swertii Athenae Belgicae .

He hath written Notes upon Seneca , and several other Works .

Io. Duns Scotus , a learned Englishman , and the wittiest of all the Schoolmen , Scaliger cal'd him Limam veritatis . Scotum , ut olim fuit Homerus , à diversis regionibus certatim adoptatum Angli potissimum sibi vendicant . Eras. Epist. l. 7. Epist. 39. In Dialectica & spinosa Theologia ad miraculum doctissimu subtilis Doctoris titulum promeruit , & novam Scotistarum sectam condidit . Lansii Orat. pro Britania . An. Dom. 1300.

He wrote at Oxford in Merton Colledge upon the four Books of the Sentences , whence his Work is called Scriptum Oxoniense .

If I must ake any thing in this part of Philosophy on trust , I confesse Scotus his credit will go as farre with me , as any man that ever writ , not guided by an unerring infallible spirit . Mr Baxters Friendly Accomod .

He being sick of an Apoplexy was buried before he was dead .

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

An ancient Poet composed these two Verses of him ,

Doctor subtilis , nomen subtilia donant , Quem vestis vilis , pes nudus , corda coronant . Alius fuit à Scoto Oxoniensis Collegii Mertonensis alumno quem Doctorem sub . tilem atque Dunsum nominabant . Erat homo corpore pusillus , sed animo , & ingenio amplissimus , summus Philosophus , morum probitate laudatissimus , & facetiis urbanissimus . Caii Hist. Cantab. Acad. l. 1. Hoc viro eximio , tanquam geniali quodam sidere , adornabat Alphredus Academiam suam Oxonii inchoatam . Erat ille primus qui publicè illic bonas artes profitebatur . Balaeus De Script . Britan. Cent. 2.

Iohannes Scotus Erigena , an Irishman , for Ireland is called by the Inhabitants Erin . Balaeus saith , he was King Alphreds Master , An. Dom. 850.

He was many years before Duns Scotus . Vide Voss. De vitiis Sermonis , lib. 3. cap. 8.

Iohannes Scotus a famous Countreyman of ours , wrote a Book of the same Argument , and to the same effect that Bertram had done , viz. of the Sacrament . This man for his extraordinary Learning was in England ( where he lived in great account with King Alfred ) surnamed Iohn the Wise , and had very lately room in the Martyrology of the Church of Rome , though now he be ejected thence . B. Ush. Answ. to the Jes. Challenge .

He is described to be of a sharp wit , of great eloquence , and well expert in the Greek Tongue , pleasant and merry of nature and conditions , as appeareth by divers his doings and answers .

First , He coming to France out of his own Countrey of Scotland ( so saith Mr Fox ) by reason of great tumults of warre , was there worthily entertained , and for his Learning had in great estimation of Carolus Calvus the French King ; whom he commonly and familiarly used to have about him , both at Table , and in Chamber .

Upon a time the King sitting at meat , and seeing something ( belike in this Iohn Mr Foxes Acts and Monum . Vol. 1. p. 186 , 187. Matthaeus Westmonasteriensis . p. 171. hath the same . Scot ) which seemed not very courtly , cast forth a merry word , asking of him , What difference there was betwixt a Scot and a Sot ? Whereunto the Scot sitting over against the King , somewhat lower , replied again suddenly , rather then advisedly , yet merrily , saying , Mensa tantúm , that is , the Table onely : importing thereby himself to be the Scot , and so calling the King a Sot by craft .

Another time the same King being at Dinner was served with a certain dish of fish , wherein were two great fishes , and a little one . After the King had taken thereof his repast , setteth down to Iohannes Scotus the foresaid fish to distribute unto the other two Clerks , sitting there with him : which were two tall and mighty persons , he himself being but a little man . Iohannes taketh the fish , of the which , the two great he taketh and carveth to himself ; the little fish he reacheth to the other two . The King perceiving his division thus made , reprehended the same . Then Iohannes , whose manner ever was to finde out some honest matter to delight the King , answered to him again , proving his division to stand just and equal : For here ( saith he ) be two great , and a little , pointing to the two great fishes and himself : and likewise here again is a little one , and two great , pointing to the little fish , and two great persons : I pray you ( saith he ) what distribution can be more equal ? Whereat the King with his Nobles being much delighted , laughed merrily .

He was impiously murthered and slain by his Scholars with their pen-knives at Ioannes Scotus alias Erigena dictus scripsit ▪ Commentarios in libros Dionysii de Hierarchia : in quorum enarratione , cum taxaret opinionem tum receptam , de oblatione Coenae Dominicae pro vivis & mortuis , à discipulis , Monachorum impulsu graphiis est interfectus : anno Domini 884. in Monasterio Malmesberiensi , qua recreationis gratia se contulerat . Iacobi Frisii Biblioth. Philos. Sane ex antiquis , qui graphiis discipulorum periisse referantur , non alii nunc animo occurrunt , quàm hi duo ; Cassianus , cujus memoria celebratur XIII . Augusti , & Ioannes Erigena , sive Scotus , Caroli Calvi ▪ Imp. aequalis ; de quo id ex Matihaeo Westmonasteriensi , & Gulielmo Malmesburiensi , prodebamus Historiae Pelagianae lib. VII . part . 14. Voss. De vitiis Sermonis l. 2. c. 15. Malmesbury .

Dr William Sclater , a learned School . Divine .

There are several Works of his published ,

Utriusque Epistolae ad Corinthios Explicatio .

An Exposition with Notes upon the second Epistle to the Thessalonians .

On two Chapters of the Romans .

Of Tithes .

Sermons , and other Tracts .

Carolus Scribanius a Jesuite , under the name of Clarus Bonarscius , ( which is an Vidistine unquam ex quo te genuere parentes : imò fuit ne unquam in rerum natura jam inde à primordio conditi orbis , tale monstrum ac portentum ex omni colluvione barbariae & impudentiae conflatum , qualis est ille qui edidit librum cui in scriptio Amphitheatrum bonoris ? Dominicus Baudius Ioanni à Wower . An agram to his name ) made four Latine Books , which he entitleth Amphitheatrum honoris , horroris he might have said .

That he was the Author of that Book , appears both by an Epistle of Andreas Schottus the Jesuite , whose Antograph is yet kept , and also by the Catalogue of the Writers of that Society published by Ribadeneira at Antwerp , in which it is expresly mentioned , that Carolus Scribanius was the Authour of the four Books of the Amphitheater of honour .

He saith there , That all those who adhere not to their holy Society , are no better then Calvinists .

Sed omittamus Amphitheatralem istum sciptorem , melioris omnis doctrinae pus atque venenum . I● . Casaub. ad Front . Duc. Epist.

Pet. Scriverius . Doctissimus Scriverius , vir praeclarè de Poeta hoc meritus . Vossius De Analog . l. 2. c. 3. Vir ut ad restituendas litteras , & omnis aevi antiquitatem , ita ad instaurandum patriae suae decorem natus . Boxhorn . Theat. Holland .

He hath written learnedly on Martial .

Tot ac tanta sunt quae tu in eo praestitisti , ut praedicationem meam longè supergressa sunt . Equidem Belgii nostri fortunae gratulor , penes quos servati Martialis gloria est . J. Rutgersius Scriverio .

Anna Maria à Schurman , a very learned and also pious woman , whom Spanhem Virgo Batava , praeter vernaculam , Gallicamque trium linguarum , quas eruditorum vocant , Latinae , Graecae , Hebraicae callens , versus Latinos Latinè terséque ludere solet , rhythmosque cum vernaculos tum Gallicos . Valeri Andreae Bibliotheca Belgica . cals Ultimum naturae in hoc sexu conatum , & decimam Musam .

She hath put out

Opuscula Hebraea Graeca , Latina , Gallica , Prosaica & Metrica .

In the third Edition of which Book , and the end of it , there are divers Elogia of her by many learned men .

Bartholomaeus Scultetus , a great Mathematician . Doctissimus vir , M Bartholomaeus Scultetus ante annos non paucos , cum Lipsiae operam literis darem , mihi ob singularem in rebus Astronomicis peritiam , familiaritate fermè quotidiana auctus erat , cujus etiam in Mathematicis Scientiis , maximè vero in Gnomonicis , quas ab Homelio suo Praeceptore hauserat , eximia cognitio , plurimis innotuit . Tych. Brah. De Cometa . Anni 1577. l. 2. c. 10.

Abraham Scultetus , a most eloquent Preacher and learned Divine . Paraei Collega in facultate Theologica Abrahamus Scultetus Electoris disertissimus concionator , Theologiae Antiquitatis , & Historiae Ecclesiasticae sedulus sectator . Laeti Compend . Hist. Univers .

He hath written Medulla Theol. Patrum in four Volumes .

Exercitationes Evangelicae .

Deliciae Evangelicae Pragenses .

In Epistolas Pauli ad Timotheum duas , Titum & Philemonem .

Annalium Evangelii Decas 1 a & 2 da.

De curriculo vitaesive de actionibus Pragensibus , cum aliis .

De Imaginibus Idololat sermo .

Scultetus Orthodoxus , seu responsio ad Theses de Imaginibus .

CHAP. XIII .

CAelius Sedulius Scotus , Anno Dom. 490. 430. saith Barclay . Clarus fuit in Italia Sedulius Scotus circa annum 450. ingenio praeclaro praeditus , eruditus , carmine & prosa excellens . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 5.

Sedulius Presbyter , vir quidem ille doctus , & in sacris literis interpretandis exercitatus . Rivii Reg. Angl. in Hibern . defens ▪ adversus Analecten . l. 2. Vide R. Episc. Usser . De Brit. Eccles. primord . c. 16.

Iohn Selden a learned Lawyer of the Inner-Temple . Ad juris Patrii exactam scientiam , legum Mosaicarum , reliquarumque gentium , & literarum porro omnium , non Latinarum modo & Graecarum , sed & Hebraicarum & gentium Orientalium singularem cognitionem adjecit . D. Duck. De usu & Authoritate Juris Civilis Romanorum l. 2. c. 8. Per idem tempus accepit aureum eruditi Scldeni librum de Arundelianis Marmoribus , sive saxis Graecè incisis , quae per illustris ille comes transferri ex Asia in Angliem , hor●osque suos curaverat . Gassend De vita Petreskii . Seldeni doctrinam & eruditionem non suspicio modo & venerer , sed etiam admiror & exosculor plane . Capel . Diat . de nomine Jehovah . Vir 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 D. Ioan Seldenus in scripto illo De Diis Syris accuratissimo , eruditionisque reconditioris cum primis soe●● . Cl. Gatak Dissert. de Tetragram . Vindicat. adversus Capellum . Videatur de iis doctissimus Ictus I Seldenus , qui in his sacris per medium fundum Antiquitatis peregrinatur , u●cubi sacros Scripturae locos quam multos , ad prisc●s Deos remittunt , nobis det enodatos : qui vir etiam si praeterea aliud nihil praesti●isset , est tamen , cur ei Antiquitatis amatores multum se debere fateantur . Dither . Disputat . Academ . Tom. 10 p. 248.

He got his great knowledge in the Oriental Languages after he fell to the study of the Law .

Some like his Marmora Arundeliana , some his Books concerning the Jewish Rites and Customes , others much commend his Titles of Honour ; but I must confesse my self to be most taken with that De Diis Syris , wherein he opens many places of Scripture . Others , I believe also are of the same judgement .

He is honourably mentioned by many outlandish men .

He wrote in all his Books 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , above all Liberty , to shew , that he would examine things , and not take them upon trust .

Nicolaus Selneccerus Doctor of Divinity and Professor of the same in the University of Lipsia .

He wrote this Distick for himself ,

Quid sum ? Nil . Quis sum ? Nullus , sed gratia Christi , Quod sim , quod vivo , quodque labore , facit .

His many Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Philosopher , was born a little before the death of Anno Aerae Christianae 68. Helv. Chron. Augustus Caesar.

The divine Moralist , he is a great reprover of vices , he was the Prince of the Stoicks , who were the strictest of the Heathen Philosophers . Morum Apelles ille Habet ille revera multa eximia , utilia , fortia , sublimia , & arguta , subtiliaque complura , estque dignus admodum qui non ab humanioris literaturae tantum , sed à Theologiae etiam studiosis sedulò quidem , sed judicio atque examine justo adhibito , legatur . Verum non est unius ejusdemque ubique coloris , nec per omnia constat sibi . Cl. Gatak . Praeloq ad Antoninum Pium. Quem non ponerem in Catalogo Sanctorum , nisi me illae Epistolae provocarent , quae leguntur à plurimis , Pauli ad Senecam & Senec● ad Paulum . Hieron . De Script . Eccles Absit mea quidem sententia , ut Epistolas istas legitimas putetis , quae à nonnullis etiam nunc leguntur . Lilii Greg. Gyrald . De Poet Histor. Dial. 8. Multarum rerum experientia cognitus . Tacit. l. 13. Laudarissimus inter omnes veteres scriptor , & virtutis studio poene Christianus . Lips. in Epist. ad Paullum 5 ●nm Pont. Philosophus quidem fuit , sententiarum ubertate in scriptis gravis , magnae , ut apparet , prudentiae : & in vitiis aliorum omnis generis notandis severus , quod testimonium etiam Quinctilianus ipsi perhibet lib. x. c. 1. Meibomii Maecenas . c. 22. singularis & Censor . Scriv. Animadv . in Mart ▪ l. 10.

He was Nero's Schoolmaster , who was a young Prince of great hope , and in youth he shewed himself gentle , tractable , obeying his Schoolmasters instructions , who delighted to manure this plant , hoping all the world should have joy of him .

He had an excellent memory .

He was too covetous , which caused his death .

Seneca the Tragick Poet. Quem nu●● Graecorum majestate inferiorem existimo : cultu verò ac nitore etiam Euripide majorem . Scal. Hypercrit . cap. 1.

This and the former Seneca and Lucan the Poet were born at Corduba in Spain .

Duosque Senecas , unicumque Lucanum . Facunda loquitur Corduba . Mart. Epig. l. 1. Ep. 29. Vir Plurimae lectionis , & qui plurima aliorum scripta evoluit , tum eorum imprimis , qui ea tractarunt , quae ipse ex professo tractat . Rainol . de lib. Apoc.

Sixtus Senensis .

He is commended by Bellarmine , l. 1. De verbo Dei for a singular Divine , and by Dr Stapleton Doct. Princ. for one writing most accurately of the Scripture .

Doctissimus & sagacissimus veterum Scriptorum Censor . Savil. Not. in Chrysost.

Vir doctissimus , prodigiosae lectionis & industriae . Montac . Exercit. 5. sect. 4.

Immensi laboris scriptor , diligentiae stupendae , lectionis variae , & eruditionis admirandae . Id. Exercit. 5. c. 3.

Dan. Sennertus , a learned Physician .

There are his

Institutiones Medicinae .

Io. Genes. Sepuluenda * * Homo Graecé , Latinéque doctus , & Philosophicis studiis clarus , quod eruditae ejus lucubrationes editae testantur . Thnan . Hist. Tom. 3. l. 54. Cordubensis , A grave learned Historian , sometimes Chronicler to Charles the fifth .

Nic. Serarius a good Hebrician .

Hebraearum antiquitatum callentissimus vir , utinam paulò modestior . Montac . Exercit . 3. sect. 2.

He hath written a Commentary on Ioshua , Iudges , Ruth , Esther , the books of the Kings and Chronicles , the Canonical Epistles .

Opuscula Theologica .

Prolegomena in universa Biblia .

Disputatio de loco Paradisi .

Baronius call'd him Ecclesiae Germaniae jubar . Vir clarissimus ▪ & excellentissimus D. D. Aurelius Severinus , Anatomes & Chi●urgiae in Gymnasio Neapolitano Professor eximius Museum Wormianum .

Servius , a most learned Grammarian .

He hath commented excellently on Virgil.

Sulpitius * * Vir erat doctrina & sapientia plurimum pollens ; Scriptor valdè politus . Dictione utitur adeò tersa & eleganti ut Ecclesiasticorum purissimus Scriptor , à Iosepho Scaligero vocetur . Whear . Meth. leg . Hist. parte 1 ● . Sect. 32. Severus , after Tertullian , of the same standing with Augustine , Epiphanius and Chrysostom , a Writer for skill in the Persian story , deserving great commendation , and to the true understanding of Ezra , and Nehemiah , and Daniels Weeks , bringeth such light , as is not in any ancient Writer that I have read to be found the like . Livelies Chronology of the Persian Monarchy .

Robert Sheringham . Vir Cl. Robertus Sheringhamus Cantabrigiensis Codicem Talmudicum Iomam dictum Latinè transtulit : Commentariis sanè eruditis illum illustrans . Seld. De Syned . lib. 3. cap. 11.

He hath put out a Thalmudical book of Sacrifices .

Dr Richard Sibbes , a grave and solid Divine .

Famous for his piety , learning , devotion , and politenesse of his two genuine writings , The bruised Reed , and Souls Conflict .

Sir Philip Sidney , a learned Gentleman , and of Oxford .

He married the sole daughter and heir of that worthy Statesman Sir Francis Walsingham .

Of whom I may say , as Austen did of Homer , that he is very sweet and delightfull even in his vanities . Yet he was not so fond of his Arcadia as the Bishop Heliedorus of his amorous book , for he desired when he died ( having first consulted with a Minister about it ) to have had it suppressed .

Lipsius dedicates to him his Dialogue De Recta Pronunciatione Latinae Linguae , and hath this passage in his Epistle , O Britanniae tuae clarum sidus , cui certatim lucem affundunt virtus , Musa , Gratia , Fortuna .

Sigebertus Monachus Gemblacensis Natione Gallicus , Anno Dom. 1100. 1056. Helv. Chron.

Sigebert Monk of Gemblaux wrote his Chronicle and other Histories in the seventh Age.

Carolus Sigonius , a most accurate Writer . Vir antiquitatum Italiae peritissimus Bod. De Repub. l. 1. c. 10. Bononiae Latinae linguae professor , eloquentiae & eruditionis singularis , plurima scripfit . Gesner . Biblioth. Certè & Carolus Sigonius literis Ebraicis nimium alienus , utcunque vir aliàs doctissimus , plurima Galatini verba , velut è Talmudistis , tacito ejus nomine in sua lingua describens phrasinque non mutans . Selden . De Syned . l. 3. c. 12.

Erroribus Livii exhauriendis bonam fidelemque navavit operam vir eruditissimus Carolus Sigonius : quem ego : & antiquitatis peritissimum , & bonorum scriptorum intelligentissimum , & eruditissimum nominare merito possum . Turneb . Advers. lib. 11. cap. 18.

Silius Italicus . Vossius De Poetis Latinis , c. 3. gives the reason why he was called Vir gravissimus , Consul Romanus , ejus reipublicae . quam Consiliis tutatus erat , gloriam versibus editis propagate non erubuit . Grot. Praesat . ad Poemata . Vide Vossium De Historicis Latinis . l. 1. c. 29. Fuit hic Poeta excellens , Virgilii aemulus , ut ex opere illo De Bello Punico secundo animadvertas Biblioth. Hisp. Tom 2. Italicus .

Iacobus Silvius , a learned man and great Physician , but very covetous .

Buchanan made these Verses of him ,

Silvius hic situs est , gratis qui nil dedit unquam , Mortuus & gratis quod legis ista , dolet .

Ios Simlerus . Vir non minus pietate quàm eruditione praestans . Humft . De Jesuit . part . 2. De Pat. rat. 4 ●a . Petro Martyri successor in Schola Tigurina datus , stylum praecipuè in Samosetanos , Arianos , Nestorianos , Eutychianos , Macedonianes , &c. in Polonia Tritheitas strinxit , aliis scientiis egregiè instructus , ac praecipuè Mathematicis quas & per se percepit , & summâ cum laude diu professus est , & instrumentis ingeniosissimè à se excogitatis illustravit . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 62. Fuit hic vir non solùm Theologus , sed & aliarum artium , quae Theologiae ancillantur , apprimè peritus : imprimis Mathematum , & quidem , quod mircris , eas ipsas scientias , tot tantisque difficultatibus obseptas : ut indè , quòd sine praeceptore percipi nequeant , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 sunt dicta , ipse suo ferè , ut aiunt , Marte didicit . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita .

He expounded the Scriptures with a great commendation in his own Countrey . De Republica Helvetiorum , praecipuam laudem meretur . Melchior Adam .

Voetius much commends his Epitome Bibliothecae Gesneri cum supplemento usque ad annum 1570 , quo studiosi ( saith he ) carere non possunt . Voet. Biblioth. Studiosi Theol. l. 2.

There is in Oxford and Sion Library an Edition of Gesners Bibliotheca , viz. 1583. wherein there is the Appendix both of Simlerus and Iohannes Iacobus Frisius . In the Title are these words , Opus non Bibliothecis tantum publicis privatisve instituendis necessarium , sed studiosis omnibus cujuscunque artis aut scientiae , ad studia melius formanda utilissimum .

Simonides , An ancient Greek Poet.

There are his

Carmen Gr. & Elogia de vanitate vitae .

Simplicius .

The Prince of Philosophers in his time .

These of his Works are published ,

A Commentary on Aristotles Predicaments .

And on other Books of his .

And on Epictetus his Enchiridion .

Gabriel Sionita , A great Linguist . Ex Maronitis Libani montis linguarum Orientalium interpretatione jam Clarus . Gassend . De vita Peireskii . lib. 3.

There is his

Geographia Nubiensis , ex Arabico in Latinum versa .

Iacobus Sirmondus , a Learned French Jesuite . Doctissimus ac diligentissimus Jesuita . Dallaeus . Natione Gallus , Rector olim Collegii Parifiensis , vir totius antiquitatis curiosus investigator , & Latinè Graeceque impensè doctus , & in omni penè litterarum genere excultissimus , qui Humaniores Literas Theologicas admodum decorè conjunxit . Bibliotheca Societ . Iesu A Philippo Alegambe edita .

There is his

Eucharisticon , pro Adventoria de Regionibus & Ecclesiis suburbiciariis .

Censura conjecturae Anon. Scriptoris de suburbicariis regionibus & Ecclesiis .

Propempticum Cl. Salmasio , adversum ejus Eucharisticon .

And other Works .

Io. Sleidanus . Ioannes Sleidanus à patriâ suâ , quae in Belgio est , cognominatus , anno 1506. in lucem prodiit . Sui seculi Historicus facile princeps , obiit Argentinae ex Epidemico morbo , anno salutis 1556. Boissardi Icones . De quatuor Monarchiis libellus elegantissimus eodem authore habetur publice . Id , ibid. Bonus imprimis scriptor Ioannes Sleidanus , cujus fidem spectatam & gravitatem suspiciendam mecum alii noverunt . Humfred . Jesuit . part 2. De Concil. Ioannes à patria Sleidanus cognominatus . Aeternum illius laborum testimonium est historia illa de reipublicae & religionis in Germania statu ab initio instaurati à Luthero Christianismi diligentissimè viginti quinque libris verissimè simul & elegantissimè perscripta , adjecto etiam de quatuor Monarchiis eruditissimo Commentario . Bez. Icon. Vir. Illust. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 17.

He hath by his Commentary of the state of Religion got himself a great reputation , it being translated into divers Languages , Germane , French and Italian . The Latine is very elegant .

There are Orations 2.

De quatuor Imperiis .

De Capta Buda .

Henricus Smetius . Vertit adolescens Phocyclidis & Pythagorae carmina , cum Batrachomyomachia Homeri . Melch. Adam . in ejus vita .

He was learned in many Languages and Arts , but especially in Philosophy , History and Physick .

His Prosodia Nova was much liked , and printed nine times , Hoc opus ejus majore studio quam judicio collectum est . Scriv. Animadvers . in Mart. l. 6.

Erasmus Schmidt . Clarissimus vir Dn. M. Erasmus Schmidt , Graecae linguae & Ma●hema●icarum Disciplinarum Wittebergae Professor laudatissimus , Praeceptor & hospes olim meus etiamnum honorandus . Crines . Discursus De Confusione Linguarum . c. 9.

There is a Greek Concordance of his published , and a little Book De Dialectis Graecorum .

Miles Smith Bishop of Glocester , and one of the Translators of the Bible .

There are Learned Sermons of his .

Sir Thomas Smith Secretary to Queen Elizabeth .

He hath published these Works ,

De recta linguae Gr. pronunciatione .

De recta linguae Anglicae scriptione . See Sir Thomas Cheek . Anno 1546.

De Republica Anglorum .

Rodolphus Snellus , a most excellent Mathematician .

He was Professour of the Mathematicks in Holland his own Countrey .

He was most skilfull in Greek and Hebrew .

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life .

Willebord . Snellius * * Quem Keplerus meri●ò censuit subtilissimum Mathematicorum . Gassend . De vita Peireskii . l. 4. Son to Rodolphus .

He hath put out

Cyclometricus .

Doctrinae Triangulorum Canonicae . lib. 4.

Hassiacae observat. Coeli & Syderum .

Erhardus Snepsius , Anno Christi 1495. Fuit vir pius , doctus , & variis donis , praecipuè facundia admirandâ praeditus , adeò ut verba faciens , omnium in se oculos & animos converterit : auditores quasi attonitos reddiderit , ac plerumque satis prolixas habens conciones , auditorium tamen sine tedio detinuerit attentissimum . Melch. Ad. in ejus vit.

His mother being a pious woman , consecrated this her eldest Sonne ( as Hannab Samuel ) to God and Divinity .

Theodoricus Snepsius , Anno Dom. 1586. Fuit hic Theologus de Germanis minimè postremus doctu● , disertus , in concionibus fervidus : acer in reprehendendo , suavis in consolando : gravis in verbis vitaque tota : liberalis in pauperes & egenos : humanus erga omnes : cujus domus asylum quasi fuit afflictorum ac miserorum . In officio ad eò fuit adsiduus , ut ad centena & decem horarum millia , docendo , commentando , disputando , aliisque sui officii negotiis consumsisse visus sit . Melchior . Adam in ejus vita .

His Comentaries upon the Prophet Esay are mole parvi , eruditione magni . Other Works of his are also published ,

In 44. postremos Psal Davidis .

CHAP. XIV .

LAelius Socinus Senensis natus . Anno 1525. Fuit nobili honestaque familia natus : bene Graece & Hebraice doctus ; vitaeque etiam externae inculpatae : quarum rerum causa mihi quoque intercesserat cum illo non vulgaris amicitia ; sed homo fuit plenus diversarum haeresium : quas tamen mihi nunquam proponebat , nisi disputandi causa , & semper interrogans , quasi cuperet doceri . Boxhorn . Hist. univers . p. 72 , 73.

Calvin in his Epistles writes to one Lelius Sozinus an Italian ( who seemed to doubt of the Resurrection of the body ) I suppose it is the same Lalius Socianus .

He carried the matter with such a cleanly conveyance , that he was scarce taken notice of , though he received some checks and admonitions , yet most men thought charitably of him , during his life , his black designs were not fully discovered till after his death . What Socinus positions were , See M. Gatak . vindicat . of Wotrons Defence , p. 47 , 48. Juris scientia admodum inclaruit . Quem . admodum quae ab ipso edita satis possunt testari . Ille aliquando rogatus , cur minus post conjugium quam ante ille libris litterisque incumberet ; respondit : Quia uxorem duxi : Dicentique , etiam Socrates uxoratas fuit , cur non & ille Philosophiae studia aspernatus . Xantippe , ait , morosa erat & deformis : mea autem proba est & forma decenti . Boxhorn . Monum . Illust. Vir. & Elog.

Faustus Socinus the Nephew of Laelius was born in the year 1529. He had more subtilty then learning .

He wrote a Book about the Authority of the Scripture , in which he doth slily pervert the Scriptures , and lay a ground for all his heretical blasphemies .

Marianus Socinus a learned Lawyer .

Several Works of his are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue .

Socrates Scholasticus , Anno Dom. 440.

He wrote from the time of Constantine the Great Emperour unto the Empire of Theodosius the younger , a Volume of Ecclesiastical History , and an Epitome of the affairs of Rome . Whear . Method leg . Hist. part . 1. Sect. 34. Nihil omnino habet quod non ex Plinio hauserit . Ex omnibus enim Plinil libris quodcunque potuit , convertit , & in suum istud compendium congessit . Salmas . Prolegom . in Solinum . Vide plura ibid. Librum edidit ex variis Scriptoribus collectum : quem cùm priùs Collectanea rerum memorabilium vocasset , postea Polyhistorem inscribere maluit . Non pa●ca verò selegit judicio non ita magno : unde levissimum scriptorem vocari video à Scaligero in Eusebianis Animadversionibus . Non dedignati tamen eum lectione , & mentione sua , è Grammaticis Macrobius , Servius , Priscianu● , è SS. Patribus , Hieronymus , Ambrosius , Augustinus . Quia tam multa ex Plinio exscribit , ut etiam Pliuiana simia dici meruerit ; Plinii eum aetate vixisse , ac propterea ejus , per quem magnopere profuisset , nusquam meminisse Ioannis Camertis , & aliorum , suspicio est . Voss. De Histor Lat. lib. 3. pag. 646 , 647.

Socrates , Theodoret and Sozomen composed a History , Epiphanius Scholasticus translated these three into Latine ( Aurelius Cassiodore requiring it ) and called the whole Book from these three Historians , The Tripartite History .

C. qulius Solinus Polyhist . Anno Dom. 68. Helv.

Julius Solinus Plinii simiolus , vel verius Compilator . Lud. Viv. de tradend . Disc. lib. 4.

Georgius Sohnius , George Sohn Doctor of Divinity in Heildeberg . Anno Dom. 1551. Linguarum in eo cognitio fuit magna : major artium liberalium ac Philosophiae , sacrarum autem literarum atque historiarum longè maxima ; eaque singulari pietare exornata . Libros edidit non quidem multos , sed politissimos illos & lectissimos : ut sunt De verbo Dei & ejus tractatione libri duo , in quibus de verbo Dei non scripto , de Scripturae versio●ibus , de incerpretatione ejusdem Scholasticâ & Ecclesiastica ; de methodo Theologiae , & disputationibus Theologicis agitur : cui addita in fine methodica delineatio universae Theologiae . Multa opera posthuma etiam illius eduntur . Melch. Adam . in ejus vita .

Sophocles , Anno Dom. 3486. Fabulas fecit 123. ac vicies quater victoriam retulit . Vossius De Poetis Graecis , cap. 4.

How much Virgil esteemed him , he shews sufficiently in his Eclogues ,

Solo Sophocleo tua carmina digna Cothurno .

Tully in his second Book De Divinatione , cals him a Divine Poet.

Dominicus Soto , A Spanish Divine of great fame . Dominicus Sotus vir doctissimus & pius valde qui Carolo 5 to Imperatori à sacris confessionibus fuit , & Concilio Tridentino interfuit . Bellarm. De Script . Eccles. Dominicus Soto magnus ille Theologus , qui Caesari fuerat à sacris Concionibus . Godwinus De Praesulibus Ang. Comment.

None of those Divines ( who were at the Councel of Trent ) were more learned then those three of Spain Andradius , Vega , Dominicus à Soto .

Hermias Sozomen .

He lived under Theodosius the younger , and dedicates his Ecclesiastical History , consisting of nine Books to him .

Frederick Spanheme , a learned and pious Divine .

His Dubia Evangelica , Chamierus contractus , exercitationes de gratia universali , his Epistle to Buchanan of the English Controversies , and to Cottierus of the reconciliation of Universal Grace , shew his great abilities .

Aelius Spartianus . He lived in the time of Diocletian .

There is his History of divers Emperours before his time . Insignis & acutissimus Antiquitatum Britannicarum explorator . D. Duck. De Author ▪ Juris Civilis Romanorum . l. 2. c. 8. Sed de isto , & aliis , malo adiri eruditum Spelmanni glossarium : quod hactenus dimidiatum , utinam aliquando , modo supersit , integrum publici faciat juris . Vossius l. 2. De vitiis Sermonis . c. 9. Eruditissimus & nobilissimus antiquitatum scrutator Henricus Spelman Eques Anglo Britannus amicus noster honorandus . Olai Wormii Literature Danica . c. 1.

Sir Henry Spelman , a learned and painfull Antiquary .

De prisca literatura bene meritus . Olaus Wormius .

His Book De Conciliis is well-liked , and for our English Ecclesiastical Antiquities held the best .

Edmund Spencer , the Prince of Poets in his time . Edmundus Spencer , Londinensis , Anglicorum Poetarum nostri saeculi facile princeps , quod ejus Poemata faventibus musis , & victuro genio conscripta comprobant prope Galfredum Chaucerum conditur , qui foelicissimè Poesin Anglicis literis primus illustravit . Gamd. Monum . Reg. heroumque Westm. condit .

His Monument stands in Westminster-Abbey , near Chaucers , with this Epitaph ,

Hic prope Chaucerum Situs est Spenserius , illi Proximus ingenio , Proximus ut tumulo , Hic prope Chaucerum Spensere Poeta Poetam Conderis , & versu , Quam tumulo propior , Anglica te vivo vixit , Plausitque Poesis ; Nunc moritura timet , Te moriente , mori .

He wrote many Poems in English which are printed together in one Volume .

He wrote a Book also of the State of Ireland , and a Dialogue in prose between Eudoxus and Irenaeus .

Ad. Spigelius , a learned Physician .

There are these Works of his

De humani corporis fabrica .

Isagoge in rem herbariam .

De formato foetu cum figuris & arthritide .

Io. Stadius , A great Mathematician . In ● . Annaei Fl●ri Hi●●o●iae Romanae Epitomen egregium Commentarium post in Ioannem Camertem , scripsit . Omni ferè doctrina liberali imbutus , Mathematicis potissimùm excelluit , ut vix parem in ea arte aetas nostra tulerit . In contubernio Roberti à Bergis Eburonum Praesulis & Principis vers●tus , Tabulas , exemplo Alphonsi cognomento sapientis Hispanorum Regis , conscripsit inscripsitque Bergenses . Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica .

Sir William Stamford .

Sometimes of Grayes-Inne , a man excellently learned in the Common-Laws .

He wrote a Book in the Common-Law of the Pleas of the Crown , and the Prerogative of the King . Sir Edw. Cooks Pref. to his tenth Rep.

Richard Stanihurst , a learned Irish Papist , bred up in the University of Oxford . Commentarios in Porphyrium tuos singulari judicio diligentiaque elaboratos , legi sanè cupidissimè , mirisicê . que laetatus ●um , esse adolescentem in Academià nostra tali familia , eruditione , probitate , cujus extrema pueriria cum multis laudabili maturitate viris certare possit . Camp . Epist. 2.

His Works are these ,

Catena Dialectica in Porphyrianas institutiones , which he wrote in Oxford , and published when he was eighteen years old .

De rebus Hibernicis , l. 4.

A Description of Ireland in English .

Hebdomada Mariana .

Hebdomada Eucharistica .

Virgil in English .

And Praemonitio pro Concertatione cum Jacobo Usserio .

He was brother to Bishop Ushers mother .

Thomas Stapleton , a learned Englishman . The famous Professor of the University Iracundus ille senex Stapletonus nostras . Montac . Exercit . 3. Sect. 4. Stapletonus nostras Owigensis , inter Theologos tam illustris ut vel Bellarmino palmam praetipere possit . Montac . Orig. Eccles. Tom. prior . parte posteriore . In omni melioris doctrinae genere tantam consecutus est perfectionem , ut inter eruditissimos aetatis suae viros non immeritò esset numerandus . Ant. Sand. De Script . Fland. lib. 3. of Lovain . He died Anno Dom. 1598.

His Relectio Principiorum fidei doctrinalium , is much commended .

Papin . * * Extant quinque Sylvarum libri , ex quibus & vehemens in eo poematis genere illius , ac penè ex temporale ingenium percipere possitis , Lilii Gyrald . De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4. Vide Polit. Praefat. in Statii Sylvas . Statius , a good Poet.

Doctor Iosuah Stegman .

He usually cals the Socinians , Photinians , and therefore entitles his own book Photinianismus .

Didacus Stella . Qui inter seculi sui Concionatores ferè omnibus praeluxit . Morton . Antidot . contra merit .

Iohn Ferus and he were two of the most famous Popish Preachers .

Aug. Steuchus Eugubinus a good Grecian .

His Works are in two Volumes in Sion Colledge Catalogue .

Godeschalcus Stewichius .

He hath written

De particulis Linguae Latinae .

Henricus Stephanus .

There were four Stevens Frenchmen , Henry the Father , and Robert his Sonne , thirdly Henry Roberts Son , and Paul the Sonne of that Henry , all learned , and Printers .

Robert Stevens the Printer at Paris .

Secundum Aldum Manutium Romanum , qui Venetiis , & Joannem Frobenium , qui Basileae eandem artem summâ laude exercuerunt , clarissimus , quos ille longo spatio supergressus est , acri judicio , diligentiâ accuratâ , & artis ipsius elegantiâ : cui ob id non solùm Gallia , sed universus Christianus orbis plurimum debet . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 23.

He not only printed , but made excellent Works himself .

His Thesaurus linguae Latinae never had its fellow .

Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque commends him and this Work , Dictionarium , seu Latinae linguae thesaurus , non singulas modo dictiones continens , sed integras quoque Latine & loquendi & scribendi formulas : ex optimis quibusque Latinae linguae scriptoribus . Opus excusum Parisiis apud authorem , divisum in Tomos tres , anno 1542. Gesner . Biblioth.

Henry Stevens . Henricus Stephanus Roberti , cui tantum res litteraria debet , F. Lutetiae Parisiorum natus , qui patris aemulatione cum scriptoribus Graecis edendis & castigandis sedulam operam nava●●et , tandem & penum amplissimum linguae Graecae ded●t , de sua posteraque aetate ob id optimè meritus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 120. Vide Tom. 1. l. 23.

His Thesauri linguae Graecae , and his other Works , shew his great abilities .

Scaevola Samarthanus in his second Book of Epigrams , hath these Verses , In Gellii Noctes Atticas ad H. Stephanum .

Quis Stephanum esse neget Phoebi de semine cretum ? Obscuris adfert noctibus ille diem .

Henry Stevens , Roberts Son , made also the Greek Concordance . Clarissimus vir M. Stephanus Stephanius Historiographus Regius , & in Academia Sorana Professor publicus . Olai Wormii Monum . Dan. lib. 1.

Stephanus Stephanius .

Io. Stobaeus . Anno Aerae Christianae 283.

There be his

Loci Communes .

Eclogae Gr. & Lat.

Sent. Gr. & Lat.

Dr Thomas Stoughton , a learned and pious Divine .

There are

Sermons of his in his younger years .

His form of sound words , with the Righteous mans plea to true Happinesse .

Heavenly Conversation .

Strabo that faithfull Historian and Geographer . Anno Aerae Christianae 37 Helv. Chron.

He lived in the time of Augustus and Tiberius .

He hath written seventeen Books of Geography , in which all Nations with their deeds , the mountains , seas , limits of all parts of the world , which came to his knowledge in his time , may be seen as in a glasse .

Walafr . * * Walafridus ab oculorum vitio dictus Strabo , Abbas Augiensis , annos vixit octingentos temporibus . Ludovic . Pii . Vossius De vitiis Serm. l. 1. c. 1. * * Anglo saxo Bedae consangnineus , Albini Discipulus & Rabani notarius , vir doctissimus , tandem Abbas Augiensis , scripsit Glossam ordinariam in sacra Biblia , ex patrum Scriptis Collectam . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. Claruit Anno Christi octingente●imo quadragesimo quinto . Pantal. De Vir. Illust. Germ. part. 2. Strabo , Anno Dom. 840. a great Scholar .

He hath written De rebus Ecclesiasticis .

Strabus Monachus Fuldensis .

Praecaeteris celebratur Glossa Ordinaria in Scripturam universam . Vossius De Poetis Latinis . c. 6.

He first of all collected the Glosse ( which was afterward called Ordinary ) upon the Bible out of the sayings of the Fathers , some afterward enlarged it by adding sentences of the Fathers .

Famianus Strada , a famous Oratour , Poet and Historian .

There are his Natione Italus , patria Romanus ; artis Rhetoricae per annos quindecem publicus Romae Magister , Orator , Historicus , Poeta tota Europa percelebris ▪ Biblioth. Script . Societ . Ies. A Philippo Alegambe edita .

Orationes variae , ad facultatem Oratoriam , Historiam , Poeticam spectantes .

And his Belgick History .

Streso , a learned Divine .

His Meditatio Theologica de usu & abusu rationis in interpretandis & aestimandis rebus & scripturis divinis adversus Socinianos & novos Weigelianos , and his Comment upon some part of the Acts are commended .

Victorinus Strigelius , Anno Christi 1524. Ingenuè fatetur se , cùm ex iis locis , ubi antea in Papatu vixerat , primum in Academias Saxonicas venisset : & Melancthonem ex puero aliquo parvo audisset quaerentem : Quid est Deus ? Quid significat 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 apud Ioannem ? Miratum à pueris audire : quae in Papatu magnis doctoribus essent ignota . Melchìor . Adam .

His chief Work was his Hypomnemata in utriusque Testamenti libros , which he finished a little before his death .

Codicis sacri partem maximam Commentariis , haud prolixis , sed nec infructuosis prorsus tamen , strictim illustravit . Cl. Gatakeri Cinnus c. 2.

Kyriacus Strozza , a great Philosopher . Ex ejus disciplicâ magnus proventus ingeniorum prodiit , quo in numero sunt Cardinalis Columna , C●rdinalis Ursinus , Episcopus ex primariâ Pisarum nobilitate Gu●l●ndi de C●sena , Cardinalis Alc●atus , & innumeri alii . Papir . Masson . in ejus vita .

Peter Bembus and Iacobus Sadoletus speak of him in their Epistles , Flaminius Nobilius in his Commentaries upon Aristotles first Book De ortu & interitu , Theodorus Zuingerus in Prolegom ad Polit. Arist.

Laurentia Strozza was his Sister .

Fratrem habuit Kyriacum Strozzam , nobilem Peripateticum , qui utrum sorori , an sor●r ipsi , maius lumen ac decus attulerit , incertum est adhuc ; ita in vario laudis genere uterque pari inter se gloria certant . Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca .

Io. Guliel . Stuckius * *

Anno Dom. 1542.

Reliquit ingenii & doctrinae suae monumenta multa , & egregia , partim Theologica , partim Philologica . Augustum & praeclarum opus , De antiquitatibus convivalibus , in quo Hebraeorum , Chaldaeorum , Graecorum , Romanorum , aliarumque Nationum antiqua conviviorum genera , mores , consuetudines , ritus Ceremoniasve mirâ industria non tantum explicavit ; sed etiam cum iis , quae cum apud Christianos , tum apud alias gentes , à Christiano nomine alienas , in usu sunt , diligenter contulit . Sui maximam eo scripto admirationem excitavit in animis antiquitatum peritorum Scaligeri , Lipsii , Mercurialis , Zuuingeri , Pasch●lii , Freheri , Gruteri , Ritterhusii , Casauboni , Rami , & aliorum . Melchior . Adam . in ejus vita .

Casaubone Epist. 353. to Stuck●us , commends his learned laborious Work , entitled Antiquitates Convivales .

De quibus omnibus omnium eruditissime doctissimus & stupendae lectionis vir Johannes Stuckius in explicatione doctissima in Periplum Erythraei maris sive rubri Ariani historici Graeci & Philosophi doctissimi . Neand Geog. part. 2.

Ioannes Sturmius * * Natione Germanus , doctrinae & eloquentiae nomine ubicunque bonorum studiorum ratio habetur , celeberrimus . Gesn. Biblioth. Eloquentiae professor eximius , quam doctissimis scriptis illustravit . Thuan Hist. Tom. 4. l. 96. , Anno Christi 1507.

He is styled by Grynaeus Christianus noster Theophrastus . See in his first Book of Epistles , ninth Epistle a comparison between them .

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life .

Iacobus Sturmius * * Vere nobilis & prudeus vir Iacobus Sturmius Argentoratensis , qui in comi●●is & aliàs Reipublicae Argentora●ensis nomine Legatus missus , bonis literis excultus , earum subsidio in tanta authoritate fuit , ut praecipui Principes Imperii ejus consilio uterentur , & materiam ipso suppeditante Sleidanus suas Historias maxima ex parte conscripserit . Camer . Hor. Subcis . Centuria tertia . cap. 68. . He was born at Argentorate Anno Christi 1490.

Thuanus much commends Iacobus Sturmius Tom. 10. Hist. l. 12. and cals him the ornament of the Germane Nobility .

Tres ei virtutes praeter eximiam verecundiam praecipuè tributae sunt : orationis , doctrinae & prudentiae . Melch. Ad. in ejus vit .

Fr. Suarez . Homo , siquid rectè judico , in Philosophia , ( in hoc tempore connex● est Scholastica Theologia ) tantae subtilitatis , ut vix quenquam habeat parem . Grot. Epist. 146. Ioanni Cordesio . Natione Hispanus , patria Granatensis , nobilibus parentibus natus anno M. D. XLVIII . Fuere qui lumen Philosophlae ac Theologiae , qui Theologorum Coryphaeum & Antesignanum , qui hujus seculi in Scholasticis Gigantem dicerent . Nullus certè Auctorum unquam , quorum quidem opera extant , posteritatem tam numeroso voluminum foenu locupletavit . Saepè à multis vocatum est in dubium , doctior ne esset an sanctior . Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Iesu A Philippo Al●gambe edita .

His Metaphysical Disputations are much esteemed by some .

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue and Appendix .

C. Suetonius Tranquillus , a very faithfull Historian . Anno Aerae Christi 117. Illud opinor apud eruditos omnes in confesso esse , quod ad narrationis fidem attinet , primas deberi Suetonio , qui ut quidam non infestiviter dixit , prorsus ea libertate scripsit Casarum vitas , qua ipsi vixerunt . Eras. Epist. l. 28. Ep. 16. Adeo tranquillè & aequaliter fluit , rebusque unicè addictus orationis ornamenta non negligens , sed securus praeterit , & tamen hunc ipsum ornatum velut umbram non id agens trahit . Strad . prolus. l. 2. 3. Hist. parte 2 d2 . Ejus historia tantopere laudatur , ut aequi rerum aestimatores nihil unquam accuratius ab ullo historico scriptum fateantur . Sic seribit ut nec dignitate cujusquam , nec vitiis , nec ulla omnino perturbatione commoveri videatur . Bodin . Meth. Hist c. 4. Vide plura ibid.

He lived in the times of Trajan and Hadrian .

Auctor Emendatissimus & Candidissimus , & cui familiare sit , amare brevitatem . Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 31. ex Vopisco .

Suidas , Anno Dom. 1250. Nullius judicii rapsodus : doctrinae medioctis ; qui collatis vel corrasis undique laciniis , farraginem illam suam , tanquam centonem consarcinavit . Montac . Apparat. 8. Suidae tribuitur Lexicon , quod tamen multis auctariis à variis posterioribus est cumularum , felicitate Lexicographis perpetua . Nam etiam Ambrofii Galepini Dictionarium , quod ab autore editum erat valde jejunum & aridum , nunc accessionibus subinde factis , & Galepino semper tributis , clarum reddit auctorem . Raynandi erotem . De malis ac bonis libris Partit . 1. erot . 10. Vide idem ferè apud Lil. Gyrald . de Poet. Hist. Dial. 4. & Iacob . Fris. Biblioth. Philos. Nihil facilius fuerit , quam eum auctorem infinitis quibus scatet mendis liberare : quod tamen miror nequivisse videre virum eruditum ejus interpretem , cui , quum Suidas saepissime integras Laertii paginas describat , nunquam potuit hoc subolere : quod sane miror . Casaub. not . ad Diog. Laert. E Scholiis Aristophanis , ut & ex aliis Grammaticorum promtuariis in acervum suum infinita congessit . Herald . Animad. Ad Arnob. l. 3.

Erat Suidas non admodum vetustissimus Grammaticus , nullius judicii , doctrinae autem mediocris . Montac . Exercit. 7. Sect. 1.

Matthew Sutlive , a great Writer of our own , who hath written many things against the Papists in Latine and English . Most of his Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue .

Some commend that Book of his styled ,

The Practis● , Proceedings and Laws of Arms , described out of the doings of most valiant and expert Captains .

Eman. Suyvo . Primus Daniae historicus Voss. De Vitiis Sermonis , l. 3. c. 37.

Fran. Swertius , a learned Writer .

There are his

Athenae Belgicae .

Liberatae urbis deliciae .

Epitaphia Ioco-seria .

12 Caesarum Imagines & Historica narratio .

Rogerus * * Rogerus Swi●sete , corruptè Swicetus dictus , Oxonii inter Mertonenses sophistas tam eximiè clarus videbatur quam sub Edwardo tertio illius seculi vel ratio vel felicitas quicquam reddere potuerat . Baleus De Script . Britan. Ioannes Duns Scotus , qui fuit lima veritatls : & Suisset calculator , qui pene modum excessit ingen●i humani . Qui Ockam praeteriisti : cujus ingenium ingenia omnia vetera subvertit : nova ad invictas insanias , ob in comprehensibiles subtilitates fabricavit , atque conformavit . Iul. Scalig. De Sultil . Ad Cardanum Exercit. 314. Cui titulus Sapientum census . Quoy doncques sera il dit que Scaliger & Cardan , les deux plus grand personnages du dernier siecle , s' accordent en vu seul poinct , qui concerne les loüanges de Richard Suisset , autrement nommé Calculator , pour le mettre au rang des dix plus grands es ' prits qui ayent jamais estè , sans que nous puissions trouuer ses oeures dans toutes les plus fameuses Bibliotheques ? Aduis pour Dresser une Bibliotheque Par Naudè . Swinset , or Suisset , a famous English School-Divine , of Merton Colledge in Oxford . Anno Dom. 1350.

Baleus reckons up his Works . Some of them are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Hic scripsit Ephemeridas in arte Cabalistica , & calculationes Astronomicas admirandae perfectionis . Wolf . Lect. Memorab . Tomo 10.

Caspar Schwenckfeldius , an Heretick . Pro sacro verbi diuini mysterio E●thusiasmum , ac nescio quem divinum motum somniavit . Dogma ejus longè latéque deinde disseminatum in Germania , multos passim ex equestri & plebeio ordine sectatores habuit Caeteroquin corporis dignitate ac vitae sanctimonia vir gravis , & venerabilis . Scripsit de Religione supra octuaginta libros Germanice , tandem obiit senex in Suevia , anno 1561. Boissardi Icones .

These Works of his are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue ,

Stirpium & Fossilium Silesiae Catalogus .

Thesaurus Pharmaceuticus .

Therio trophaeum Silesiae .

Frid. Sylburgius . He helped Henry Stevens much in his Treasure of the Greek Quàm plurima veterum , praesertim Graecorum , scripta partim jam edita , denuò recognita , ac variis lectionibus , notis indicibusque illustravit , partim primum ipse summâ curâ adhibita publicavit . Thuan. Hist. tomo quinto , l. 117. parte prima . Tongue .

Vir Graecè doctissimus . Meibomii Maecenas , c. 26.

Fuit vere vir eximius , humilis , industriae incredibilis , candidus & apertus . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita .

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Symmachus . Symmachus alter sacras literas transtulit , sed ita ut non verbum verbo , uti Aquila , redderet ; verùm sententiam potiùs exprimere laboraret . Voss. De Arte Grammatica , l. 1. c. 31.

He is eloquent in his Epistles . Vide Camer . Medit. Hist. Cent. 3. c. 56.

That saying is often cited out of him , Servanda est tot seculis fides , & sequendi sunt nobis parentes , qui sequuti sunt feliciter suos . Epist. l. 10. Ep. 54.

Michael Syncellus , Anno Dom. 890.

There is of his

Libellus de vita Ignatii Patriarchae Constantinopolitani Gr. & Lat.

Synesius Cyreneus , Anno Dom. 410. Anno Aerae Christianae 393. Helv. Chron.

A learned Philisopher at the first , and afterwards a worthy Father of the Church .

Synesius is a man well known among Schollers . He was made Bishop against his Synesiu● è Pentapoli Africae ortus Cyrenes Episcopus fuit . Philosophus primò , & deinde Christianus . Extant ejus libri Graeci varii partim post conversionem ab illo scripti , qui una cum Epistolis ejus multis in folio Parisiis excusi sunt . Dictione utitur gravi , & quae exercitatum & attentum lectorem requirit . Neand. Geog. part. 3. will , for his great fame and worth , a better Platonist then found Christian. Dr Casaub . of Enthus . ch. 3.

Gul. Symsonus .

He hath written ,

De Accentibus Hebraeis .

Edward Symson likewise is a learned man , who wrote Chron. Cathol .

The End of the Fifth Book .

THE SIXTH BOOK . Of such as were Famous for ZEAL IN THE True RELIGION , Or in any Kinde of Learning .

CHAP. I. T

COrnelius Tacitus . Maximus prudentiae magister , & sincerus humanarum Baud. Orat. In Plin. Pan. Anno Aerae Christi 99. A Tiberio usque ad Nervam unlus seculi res gestas conscripsit , omnia maxima , mediocria , minima studiosè persecutus est . Germanorum mores , instituta , ritus tanta diligentia perscripsit , ut●ni Tacito suam antiquitatem Germani acceptam ferant . Est autem Oratio Taciti mirum in modum arguta & prudentiae plena ; Budaeus acerbè Tacitum scriptorem omnium sceleratissimum appellavit quod nonnihil adversus Christianos scripsit quae ratio fecit , opinor , ut eum Tertullianu● inendacissimum , Orosius adulatorem appellaret . B●d Meth. Hist. c. 4. Acumen contractae dictionis & subiti quidam ictus sententiarum , in quibus plus intelligendum plerunque quam legendum sit . Strad . prolus. l. 2. Hist. parte 2da. Quis illo verius narrat , aut brevius ? quis narrando magis docet , in moribus quid est , quod non tangat ? in affectibus quid non revelet ? mirabilis omnino scriptor , & qui serio hoc ipsum agit , quod non agit . Nec enim Historia solum est , sed velut hortus & seminarium praeceptorum . Lips. not ad 1. lib. Polit. C. Cornelius Tacitus ( cui perperam Publio praenomen in plerisque editionibus ) ad Trajani potissimum tempora pertinet . Dictio Taciti floridior uberiorque in Historiarum est libris ; pressior sicciorque in Annalibus : Interim gravis utrobique , & diserta . V●ss . de Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 30. actionum arbiter .

He hath a singular style both in respect of his words , and the contexture and form of them .

Philippus Beroaldus Tacitum typis excusum primus Orbi dedit . Chistetii Anastasis Childerici Reg. c. 19.

His History and Annals are translated into English by Sr Henry Savill .

Some preferre his History before his Annals .

Tadaeus * * Cujus tanta fuit nominis celebritas , ut ad curam extra urbem vocatus , non vilius , quam aurcorum L. mercede in singulos dies perigrinaretur . Volat. Comment. Urban . lib. 21. , seu Thadaeus , Florentinus .

He taught Physick at Bononia amplissimo honorario , and with such an opinion of all men , that he was extolled in those times for a second Galen .

His Works are mentioned by Castellanus de vitis Medicorum .

Audomarus Talaeus , Professour of Eloquence at Paris .

There are his

Rhetorica .

Pr●fatione Epistolae & Orationes ejusdem praelect. in Cic. Porphyr . & Arist.

Talmud . Talmud est opus doctrinale , sive corpus doctrinae magnum , à variis ac doctissimis quibusque Rabbinis compilatum , multiplicem omnium scientiatum doctrinam continens , & potissimum Jus civile ac Canonicum Judaeorum plenissimè ac persectissimè proponens , ut secundum illud universa gens & Synagoga Israelitica optimè felicitérque vivat . Quia verò Lex Mosis per se ( ut volunt ) obscura & imperfecta , in Talmud dilucidè & perfectè explicatur ; ideo etiam augusto legis nomine ab ipsis indigitatum est . Buxt. Recens . Oper. Talmud . Vide plura ibid. Duplex est Talmud Hierosolymitanum & Babylonicum : è quibus illud impuriore , hoc puriore stilo est compositum . Talmud Hierosolymitanum pro Judaeis in terra Israelis , Babylonicum pro Judaeis in Babylonia & alibi exterarum terrarum viventibus fuit consutum . Hierosolymi●ani ergò minor usus fuit , postquam Judaei ferè extra terram sanctam degerun● . Alfred . Eucyclop . l. 32. c. 10. Talmud Babylonicum dividitur in Misua tanquam textum authenticum , & in Gemara seu Commentarium . Anno Christi 500. Talmud istud Babylonicum suit obsignatum . Id. ib. Mischna Thalmudis Babylonii pars est potior , & antiquior , & à Rabbi I●huda ex doctioribus Rabbinis paullo ante annum Christi ducentesimum constructa est : Gemara est altera Talmudis pars ; quâ ea , quae difficilia sunt in libro Mischnoioth , deciduntur . Haec congesta est ex sequentium Rabbinorum Commentariis , ac demum absoluta circa annum Christi quingentesimum . Vossius De Arte Grammatica . l 1. c. 31. Anno 505. absolutum est Talmud Babylonicum nempe ea pars , quam appellant Gemara , 100. circiter annis post Talmud Hierosolymitanum . Geneb . Chron. l. 3. Novum est quod molior ostendere nempe cognitionem Talmudis , Thalmudicorumque scriptorum ad N. T. illustrationem insignem lucem adferre . ●oc . Praefat. ad Tit. Talmud .

As if you should say Doctrinale , in which the Jews have made as it were their Canon Law , and their Divinity out of the sentences and examples of their ancient Doctors , after the same manner that Peter Lombard the book of Sentences , and Gratian the Decrees among the Papists . That work was first begun as the Jews themselves , Masius , Genebrard and Petrus Galatinus have recorded , within two hundred years from the Nativity of Christ , although it was long after finished , at least the Babylonian Talmud , for the Talmud of Ierusalem was sooner published . See Buxtorfs Bibliotheca concerning the Editions of these two Talmuds .

There are two parts of the Talmud , the Mischna containing the Text of the Talmudical Law . This came out about the year of Christ 150. This was read , explained and disputed in the Academies of Ierusalem and Babylon . Those disputations and the decisions of them were called Gemara . So of the Mischna and Gemara came the Ierusalem Talmud Anno Christi 230. But the Babylonish Talmud more perfect and copious , finished about the year of Christ 500.

L' Emperour hath written a Book , which he entitleth Clavis Talmudica .

Vide Seldenum De Iure Naturali & Gentium , l. 1. c. 2. p. 34 , 35.

Ruardus Tapperus . Vir scriptis in vulgus editis celeberrimus . Boxhor . Theat. Holland .

Charles the fifth Emperour , and Philip the King of Spain , sometimes the Pope himself required his pains and industry .

There are his

Opera Theologica .

Io. Tarnovius .

A learned Lutheran , as his Exercitationes Biblicae , and Commentaries on the small Prophets shew .

Paulus Tarnovius , he hath written well on Iohn .

Alex. Tartagnus , a learned Italian Lawyer . Legum Doctor & Jurisperitus tota Italia celeberrimus . Publice magno auditorum conventu per triginta ferè annos docuit . Papiae Ferrariae , & Bononiae : Ejus enim tanta fuit per totam Italiam autoritas ; ut quicunque illum docentem non audiverat , vix inter doctos numerari posset . Boissardi Icones , & Boxhorn . Monum . Illust. & Vir. Elog. Scripta reliquit nonnulla , quae in hodiernum usque diem à Jurisperitis magno cum fructu leguntur : inter quae primum locum obtinent . In sexto decretalium liber unus ▪ In Cleusenti●●● liber unus . In Codice lib. 9. Lege de eo Trithemium . Boissard . ubi supra .

Tatianus Alexandrinus , Anno Dom. 180. Antiquissimus Author Tatianus Iustini Martyris discipulus vir praestantis ingenii & singularis doctrinae , ex quatuor Evangelistarum narrationibus , unum contextum Historiae , certo quodam ordine digestum , collegit . Montac . Antidiat .

There is his

Oratio contra Gentes .

Harmonia Evang.

Fridericus Taubmanus , a learned and pious man .

Anno Christ . 1565.

Praecessit obitum ejus signum quoddam non contemnendum , aut silentio involvendum . Visus est sibi videre propè lectum suum arcam oblongam , & in ea virum sibi similem jacentem . Cumque initio deceptionem visus , aut inanem imaginationem putaret , elevato capite illud attentius adspexit : atque rem sese non aliter habere deprehendit . Quo viso tantum abest ut exterritus fuerit : ut hilariter aliis referret , & praemonitionem divinam agnosceret . Cui eventus etiam nimis vere respondit . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita .

There are his

Schediasmata Poetica .

Melod●sia , sive Epulum Musaeum .

Commentariolus posthumus in Moretum incerti authoris .

His Commentary on Plautus and Virgil.

Ioh. Taulerus , a Preacher of Argentine in Germany , Anno 1350. He taught Concionator Germanus , floruit an●e annos 200. Docuit de gratuita Justificatione satis recté . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 18. openly against all mens merits , and against Invocation of Saints , and preached sincerely of our free Justification by grace .

Francis Taylor , A learned Linguist , and worthy Divine of the Assembly at Scripsi omnia paulo acrius a● acerbius ( contra quam collega meus Taylor voluerat ) plenus indignatione , & juvenili calore , nondum vigesimum octavum aetatis annum tunc egressus . Bootii Praefat. ad Animad vers . Sac. Westminster . He and Dr Boot wrote

Examen Praefationis Morini .

In Biblia Graeca de Textus Ebraici corruptione , & Graeci authoritate .

He hath put out other Works himself .

Tractatus de Patribus Rabbi Nathan .

Pirke Aboth , Capitula Patrum , and other Works .

Dr Thomas Taylor , a solid and judicious Divine .

There are divers usefull Treatises of his published ,

A Comment on Titus , the twelfth Chapter of the Revelat.

A Book in Folio containing divers Tracts .

And other Treatises , mentioned in the late Catalogue of Divinity-Books .

Sir William Temple , a learned Gentleman , and great Ramist .

There is his

Analysis Logica 30 Psalmorum .

Scholia upon Ramus his Logick .

And other Works .

Io. Temporarius , a miracle in nature , if that be true which is reported of him . He Anno 1446. obiit Iohannes de tempore , Caroli M. armiger , anno● 361 natus , ut Fasciculus temporum & caeteri testantur . Pezel . Mellif . Hist. part 3. Natus annos trecentos & sexaginta unum tandem omnibus rebus per totam Europam Commu●atis , anno Christi millesimo centesimo quadragesimo sexto moritur , ita ut Deus Patriarcharum diu●urnam vitam in hoc Iohanne , ultimo seculo , nobis represen●arit . Pantaleon de vitis Illustribus Germaniae part . 2. Quidam Ioannes a temporibus vel à Stampis fertur vixisse annos 361. à tempore Caroli Magni , cujus ipse erat armiger , usque ad Ludovicum Juniorem . Geneb . Chron. lib. 4. was made Knight by Charles the Great in the fifteenth year of his Age.

He hath written Chron. demonstrat .

Publius Terentius . Ante Christum natum . 163.

Terence .

Erasmus somewhere saith thus of him , Plus est exacti judicii in una Terentianâ Comaediâ , ( absit Nemesis dicto ) quam in Plautinis omnibus .

Tully ad Atticum quotes Terence to justifie his own Latine .

Tertullian . He was born in Carthage a famous Town in Africa , Anno Dom. He and Cyprian and Arnobius were Africans . 200.

The ancientest of the Latine Fathers .

He was expert both in Greek and Latine , was a great Philosopher , Lawyer , would Patria Carthaginiensis , nobilitate insignis , varia doctrina instructissimus . Calvis . Chron. Solertissimus omnium doctrinarum scrutator . Impietatis omnis rigidissimus Censor . Montac . Orig. Eccles. pag. 1. Inter Latinos Theologos multo omnium Theologus , quanquam & ipse Philosophiae cum primis callens . Eras. Epist. l. 28. Epist. 8. Praeterquam quod pietatem spirant orthodoxa ejus scripta , utriusque linguae Graecae & Latinae fuit peritissimus : plurimum valuit in docendo : disputandi , dicendi , scribendi copia & gravitate maxima fuit praeditus : quod plerique ejus libri , ac doctissimi illi quinque quos contra Marcionem scripsit , & Apologeticus testantur . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. lib. 3. Auctor antiquitate celebris , auctoritate gravis , sermonis proprietate purissimus , & sententiarum nervis instructissimus . Iun. Epist. ad No● . in lib. Tertull. De Pallio . Scripsit juvenis sub Severo opusculum de Pallio primitias operum suorum , Scholastico Afrorum Charactere , quem postea à reliquis suis scriptis abdicavit . Liber ad Scapulum sub Heligo●alo scriptus . Scalig Animadvers . & in Euseb. Vide Vincent . Lir. advers. Haeres . cap. 24. August . De Haeres . pag. 252 , 253 , 254. dispute well , was eloquent in writing .

When the Christians were vexed with wrongs , and falsly accused of the Gentiles , Tertullian taking their cause in hand , defendeth them against their persecutors , and their slanderous accusations .

Cyprian Bishop of Carthage so esteemed his writings , that he read somewhat in them every day , and called him his Master , he would say to his servant , Da Magistrum , that is , Tertullian .

Ierom also commends him much in his Apologeticall Book against the Gentiles .

Some much commend his Apology , Heraldus and others have commented on that .

Others his Book De pallio , Iunius and Salmasius have written upon that .

Libellus mole exiguus , sed dignitate grandis , ut qui maximé . Jun. in Epist. ad Not. in Tertul. lib. de Pallio .

He was a Montanist , and a Millenary .

Scis quam durus sit & asper sermo Tertulliani : Certe stridet magis , quam loquitur . Calv. Epist. N. S. p. 373. See in Minutius Foelix .

Tertullianus perturbatissime loquitur ut Afer . Ludov. Viv. de trad. discip . l. 3.

Testamentum Novum .

There is Testamentum Graecum cum notis Stephani , Scaligeri , Casauboni .

Testamentum Graecum Latinum interpret . Bezae .

Testamentum Novum opera Eliae Hutteri 12 Linguis .

Testamentum Novum Arabice , ex Editione Thomae Erpenii .

Testamentum Novum Syriacè sed Charactere Hebr. cum interpret . Imman . Tremellii

Testamentum Novum Graecè ex editione Rob. Stephani .

Testamentum Novum Germanicè per Mart. Lutherum .

Testamentum Novum Anglicè cum notis Rhemensibvs .

CHAP. II.

JO. Ravisius Textor was born at Nevers in France .

A certain Frenchman called Textor writeth a Book which he named Ossicina , Tulit haec urbs Ioannem Ravisium Textorem congesto Epithetorum Latinorum thesauro celebe●●imum . Iodoc. Sincer. Itiner . Gal. wherein he weaveth up many broken ended matters , and sets out much r●ff raff pelsery , trumpery , baggage and beggery ware , clampard up of one that would seem to be fitter for a shop indeed , then to write a Book . Aschams Toxophilus , pag. 26.

Themistius a wise man and great Philosopher .

All his Works are in one Volume . Quem ob summam in Philosophiâ scientiam . Praeturae dignitate & insignibus decoravit Constantius Imperator , ut ex ipsius lege liquet . Cod. Theod. Leg 12. De Praet . Crakanth . De Provid .

Themistocles . Plutark writes his Life . Magnum siquidem viri , & ad Oratoris decora natum ingenium , quem prima velut surgentis lux eloquentiae mirificum spondebat Oratorem . Nam & puer , eo tempore , quo alii inter prolectantis aetatulae blanditias las●iviunt , jam tora mente forum , & accusationes , defensionesque sociorum cogitabat . Caussini Eloquent Sac. & Human. Paralel . l. 1. c. 13.

Theocritus , a famous Greek Poet. Sub Lagide & Ptolomaeo Philaedelpho , qui patri successit Olymp. CXXIII . Anno IV. viguit Theocritus Syracusanus . Vossius De Poetis Graecis . cap. 8.

There are his

Ioyllia & Epigrammata .

Theodoret Bishop of Cyrus in Syria , Anno Dom. 430.

He propounded Chrysostom as his worthy patern , in forming his style of writing , Cyri Episcopus , vir sui saeculi eruditissimus . Dallaeus . Interfuit Concilio Ephesino primo , An. Dom. 43● . & in Concilio Chalcedonensi an . Dom. 451. Forb . Instruct Ingenio excellentissimo , & ad omnis generis disciplinas percipiendas capacissimo ●uit . Illyr. Cat. Test. Verit. Cujus extant scripta Historica & Theologica . Inter caetera autem opus eruditum , varium ac ferè contextum de testimoniis veterum Graecorum autorum , quorum libri jampridem temporis injuria perierunt . Libri videlicet duodecim de Graecorum affectum sive de Idolomania Graecorum & gentium , quas ferit & jugulat proprio ense , & suis telis conficit . Neand. Geog. part. 2. and by this means he proved so fluent and eloquent , full of grace and learning in his Works . The Lives of the Primit . Fathers .

He hath written part of the Ecclesiastical History , and other Works .

Theodotio Ponticus . He hath turned the Old Testament into Greek . Sub Imperatore Commodo , circa annum 180 , postquam Circumcisus esset , Hebraeorum linguam edoctus , vertit & ipse sacras literas , sic ut cum LXX . plurimum conveniret , interque veteres ac novos medius incederet . Voss. De Arte Gram. l. 1. c. 31.

Theon , a great Mathematician . Fuit ille Mathematicis artibus instructissimus ; ut ex Commentariis in Almagestum apparet . Savil. Lect. in Euclid .

He hath written in Greek upon Aratus , Euclide , Ptolomy . Exercitationes Rhetoricae , Gr. Lat.

Theophanes . Florebat & Historiam suam scribebat , sub initium novi seculi annis ce●tum ▪ & triginta elapsis , post celebratam sextam Synodum Oecumenicam : & annis 24. post Synodum illam Nicaenam , quam septimam Oecumenicam vocant . Forb●s . Instruct. Histor. Theol. l. 5. c. 17.

There are his

Hymus in Deiparam .

Oratio Gr. & Lat. ante exaltationem crucis .

Theophilus Antiochenus , Anno Dom. 170. Cujus extant libri tres valde eruditi & muni●i ▪ multis veterum testimoniis , quibus acertimè pugnat contra gentes , ut suo illos gladio feriat & jugulet . Neand. Geog. parte 2 d ▪ .

He hath written upon the four Gospels .

Against the calumniators of the Christian Religion .

Philippus Theophrastus * * In Theophrasto tam est eloquendi nitor ille divinus , ut ex eo nom en quoque traxisse dicatur . Quintil. Instit. Orat l. 10. c. 1. Fuit ille politissimi elegantissimi & amaenissimi ingenii vir . Tullius delicias suas eum appellitavit . Casaub. ad Theoph. Charact. Proleg . Nascitur Theophrastus Anno Christi 1493. ejus Epicaedion . Conditur hic Philippus Theoph●astus insignis medicinae Doctor , qui dira illa vulnera , lepram , podagram , hydropisin , aliaque innumerabilia corporis contagia mirifica arte sustulit . Neand. Geog. part . 1. Vide plura ibid. . He was so called from his divine speaking , before he was called Tyrtamus . He is the only Greek Writer of Characters .

Arte an sorte datum Theophrasti sit tibi nomen ; Nescio : divino nomen ab eloquio . Steph. Paschas . Icon.

He was one of Aristotles own Disciples , and succeeded him in his School : much commended by him : an excellent Philosopher certainly by those Works of his ( not the twentieth part of what he had written ) that remain to this day . Dr Casaub. of Enthus . c. 3.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue . In D. Chrysostomi lectione diu multumque versatus redegit in breve & apertum compendium juxta historicam intelligentiam , quicquid admirabilis ille pater ex aureo suo ore velut ex abundantissimo fonte in exponendis Scripturis sanctis effuderat , praetermissis locis communibus , in quibus ille plenis eloquentiae velis excurrere consuevit . Sixt. Sen●ns . Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Spiritum sanctum procedere à Filio tanquam principlo & origine hypostaseos Spiritus sancti , negat Theophylactus in cap. 3. Evang. Ioan. Ab illo tempore ma●sit dissensio inter Graecos Theophylacti sententiam sequentes , & Latinos omnesque occidentales verae antiquorum Patrum doctrinae adhaerentes ; praeeunte ipsa divina Scriptura , eodem illo loco Evangelii Ioannis c. 15. v. 26. &c. 16 , 13 , 14 , 15. Forbes . Instruct Histor. Theo● . l. 1. c. 6.

Theophylact Archbishop of Bulgaria , Anno Dom. 930. Calvis . 912. Helv.

Others say 1070 , 1071. saith Baronius .

He is the Epitomator of Chrysostom .

Andrew Thevet , the King of Frances Cosmographer . He hath written an universal Andreas Thevetus in sua Geographia eruditissima & luculen●issima Gallice scripta . Neand. Geog. part . 1. Homo nullarum literarum , nullius doctrinae , nullius judicii , denique ne communis quidem sensus satis particeps , qui per varias orbis utriusque partes circumlatus , ac deinde historias scribere aggressus , multis etiam eruditis viris imposuit . Casaub. Praesat . ad Scalig. Opusc. Cosmography in French in two Tomes in Royal-paper , it came forth Anno 1575. in which he doth not only rehearse what he learned from the books of others but what he himself had seen by travelling almost over the world , and by viewing all the Seas . So that some think , there is nothing more learned , and more orderly disposed , published in that kinde . Thuanus and Casaubone slight him .

He hath written also

Les Vies des hommes illustres , the Lives of illustrious men in French , in a great Folio , with their Pourtraicts .

Herbert Thorndike , a learned Divine . His Works are commonly known . Suae aetatis historiam summo judicio & fide sine odio & gratia , ad Dei glo●iam & publicam utilitatem , prudentissimè conscripsit : opus & styli elegantiâ , & gravissimarum rerum cop â ac majestate cum quibusvis sive veterum sive recentium in eo genere scriptis conferendum . Lan●ii Orat. pro Gallia . Historias meas ad Dei gloriam & publicam utilitatem sine o●io gratia , Deum ipsum testor & homines , conscripsi : Iacobi Augusti Thuani Testamentum . Inter multa quae in te admiratura est posteritas , ego illud unice obstupesco , unde tibi modò in fori arce , modò in summa republica versanti otium , unde vis indefessa animi , ut res to● ac tantas aut scribendas cognosceres aut cognitas scriberes . G●ot Epist. 16. Iac. Aug. Th●ano . Orbis to●ius Historiam ita complexus es , ut talem nemo vel ab otiosissimo homine unquam expectaverit : tanta rerum copia , tantus verborum n●tor . Id Epist. 11. Quem ego virum divinitus datum censeo saeculo isti in exemplum pietatis , integritatis , probitatis . Casaub. Epist. Append. Vir immortali laude dignus & Historicae veritatis lumen . Montac . Antidiat . Vir non minus eruditione quam officii dignitate nobilis , & si quis alius , veri studiosus . Morton . Causa Regia . c. 3. De praeclarissimo Historiarum monumento quod saeculo imputasti , valde omnes boni te amant , ego aliter quam silendo pronunciare non possum , omnia etiam infra dignitatem verba erunt . Cum caetera tacitus admiror tum inprimis dignam summo senatore fidem , veritatem , libertatem . Baudius Cent. 1. Epist. Epist. 86. Iacobo Augusto Thuano .

Iacobus Augustus Thuanus , a most faithfull Historian , and the chief of those of this last Age. President of the Parliament at Paris .

He writes a History of things done throughout the whole world from the year of Christ incarnate 1545 , even to the year 1608 , in a most elegant style .

Incomparable Mounsieur De Thou , who is a glory to the Romish Synagogue it self , and whose History the most exact and excellent that ever was written by a humane pen , ought alwayes to be dear to the Christian world . Sir Simonds D' Ewes his Primitive practice for preserving Truth . Sect. 16.

His History and other Works are in four Volumes in Folio .

Thucidides . Historicorum omnium qui in Graecia floruerunt longè clarissimus . Naudaeus He was above 400 years before Christ . De Studo militar● . l. 1.

A most famous Historian , both for his eloquence and faithfulnesse . Qui res nec multas , nec magnas nimis scripsit , sed palmam fortaste praeripuit omnibus qui multas & magnas . Elocutione tota gravis & brevis , densus sententiis , sanus judiciis : occultè ubique instruens , actiones vitamque di●igens , orationibus & excursibus poene divinus . Quem quo saepius legas , plus auferas : & nunquam tamen dimittit te sine siti . Lips . Not. ad 1. Lib. Polit. Viringentis Spiritus & regiae planè eloquentiae . Quippe Regum soboles erat , non minus genere sublimis , quam dictione . Demosthe●es certè sua manu octies dicitur ejus Historiam descripsisse . Caussin . Eloq . Sac. & Human. Paralel l. 1. c. 16. In T●ucidide , quem prae caeteris veracem existimavit antiquitas , plurima sunt valde digna Historico ; quippe cui etiam tria prudentiae genera tributa sunt , civilis , bellicae , historicae . Demosthenes eum tanti fecit , & ex illo se tantum proficere putavit , ut ideo illum descripserit octies , quemadmodum tradidit Lucianus . Cicero tanquam prudentem rerum explicatorem commendat . Possev . Biblioth. Select . Tom. 2. l. 16. c. 7. Carolus V. Caesar potentissimus ille heros , in Castris Thucydidem , in Gallicam linguam à Claudio Massiliensi Episcopo , conversum , semper secum habuit , & hunc autorem assidue magna cum volupta●e legit , eumque suis intimis Consiliariis , Silvagio , Mercurino & Granuelo commendavit , atque ex●iis quaetere solitus fuit , quid legissent , & quae ipse observasset , cum illis-contulit . Camerar Hor. Subcisiv . cent. 3. c. 67.

The beginning , continuance and end of the Peloponnesian warre is most exactly described by Thucidides an Athenian Gentleman , the Penner thereof , who flourished in that time , and saw the warre with his eyes , from the beginning to the end ; yea was a chief Captain therein , a Writer for certain truth of History , and perfect reckoning of time most excellent , and of such account in the Ages following , that even the best followed him , and gave credit to him . Demosthenes the famous Oratour of Athens , took pains to copy out his Books eight times with his own hand , as Lucian reporteth . Livelies Chronology of the Persian Monarchy .

Multum fidei , si quis alius scriptor hic meretur . Nam & egregium veritatis in eo studium elucet , & illa scripsit , quibus interfuit . Voss. De Hist. Graec. l. 1. c. 4. Vide plura ibid.

Tibullus , a most elegant Poet. Eques Romanus , Elegiarum Poeta nobilissimus Romae natus est , A. Hircio , & L. Pansa Coss Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4. Antonio Mureto Tibullus cultissimus & politissimus Poeta plutimum debet , cujus ille multa incurabilia propè vulnera Paeonia Chironiaque manu sanavi● . Turneb ▪ Advers. l. 29. c. 30.

Daniel Tilenus , a learned man , but inconstant , he fell off from us to Arminianism . Vir quidem doctus , sed levissimus & desultoriae fidei Theologus , & qui tandem à nobis ad Arminianos trāsfuga defecit .

He hath written Notes and Observations upon Bellarmines Disputation , De Christo Capite . And on his Book De Summo Pontifice , and his Book De verbo Dei .

Parenaesis ad Scotos .

Amica collatio Tileni & Cameronis , de Gratia & voluntatis humanae concursu . Disput. de Antichristo .

Consideratio sent . Jac. Arminii de Praedestinat . gratia Dei , & Libero Arbitrio .

Syntagma Disputationum in Academia Sedanensi .

Andreas Tiraquellus . He is styled by Conradus Ritterhusius , Varro ille Gallicus . Cum vario litterarum genere excultus ▪ tum celeberrimus nostra aetate Jurisconsultus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. lib. 21.

He hath written well upon Alexander ab Alexandro his Book Genialium dierum , what Alexander hath written briefly and without mention of Authours , he hath illustrated with his Commentary , and shewed to whom he was beholding for what he had .

Iacobus Tirinus , a learned Jesuite , he hath commented on all the Scripture . Natione Belga , patria Antuerpiensis , natus anno salutis M. D. LXXX . edidit Commentarium in totam Scripturam sacram veteris ac Novi Testamenti , Tomis III. Opus est calculis Chronologiae diligentissimè subductis , & variarum materiarum accutatis indicibus illustratum . Biblioth Script . Societ . Iesu A Philippo Alegambe Edita .

CHAP. III.

FR. Toletus , a learned Cardinal and Jesuite . Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalis , Natione Hispanus , patria Cordubensis , vir fuit doctissimus , & cum aliis , tum verò Philosophicis ac Theologicis Literis ornatissimus . Natus est anno M. D. XXXII . & Salmanticam à primis annis cupiditate litterarum profectus , Dominicum Sotum habuit inter caeteros Doctorem , qui Toletum propter ingenii excellentiam , Prodigium appellate consueverat . A Pio Quinto Pontifice maximo acce●situs est , ut in sacro Palatio Concionatoris munus obiret , quod tanta cum laude praestitit , ut per totos 24 annos apud Fium ipsum Quintum , Gregorium XIII . Sixtum Quintum , reliquosque succedentes Pontifices , maximo Cardinalium , Praelatorum , Oratorum & clarissimorum virorum concursu verba fecerit , & auditorum animos in admirationem adduxerit , non tam verborum elegantiâ , quam sententiarum gravitate , reconditae doctrinae excellentia , ordinis dispositione , ingenii perspicuitate ac magnitudine . Saepè auditus est dicere : malle se pauperem in Collegio , quam in apparatissimo ; quod Pontisex attribuerat , palatio degere . Biblioth. Script . societ . Ies. A Philippo Alegambe Edita . Vir caeteris honestior & dignitate praecipuus ac praecellens doctrina , omnique inter Jesuitas exceptione major . Scripsit librum De instructione Sacerdotum cui praefixa est approbatio plurimorum doctorum continentem capita Jesuiticae doctrinae ▪ Molin . De Monarch . Temp. Pontif. Rom c. 4. Multa Toletus scripta edidit , multos in sacras literas eximios Commentarios conscripsit ; in quibus nullum , quod sciam , doctrinae Hildebrandicae vestigium , nisi fortè leviter impressum apparet . ●s . Casaub. ad Front . Duc. Epist p. 38. & 39. Vide plura ibid. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 117. part. 1.

Beza much commended his Commentary on Iohn to Casaubone , as Casaubone relates in his Epistle to Fronto Ducaeus , and deservedly saith he , Nam in ejus scriptis quae legi , cum excellente rerum Philosophicarum & Theologicarum notitia , par erat modestia ; quae judicio meo tum in alio quovis scriptore , tum in Theologo potissimum , laus est vel praecipua .

He hath commented also upon Luke , on the Epistle to the Romans .

And put out several other Works .

Cardinal D'Ossat in the second Book of his French Letters saith , When he perceived himself near death , he sent to the Pope then to desire his holy Benediction , as it is the custom of people of quality when they finde themselves in such extremity : and his Holinesse ( saith he ) without an example of the like in our time , went from his lodging to give it him in person , and stayed with him about half an hour , comforting him , and weeping bitterly , and in the end taking his leave of him , he kissed him in the forehead , and after his death , caused him to be buried with great and publick solemnity .

Iacobus Philippus Thomasinus . De sua patrie concivibusque eruditis adeo benè meritus . Gassend De vita Peiresk . l. 4. Cujus nunc studiis & diligenti calamo Patavii gloria , quae multum quidem occumbente Pignorio obscurata fuerat , augustior reflorescit . Naudaeus De Studio militari . l. 2.

There are his

Elogia virorum doctorum Italiae .

And Laurentii Pignorii Bibliotheca & Musaeum .

Georgius Tompsonus .

George Thompson .

Vir egregie doctus gente Scoto-britannus mihique obtulit recens à se Londini editum libellum . Opus est sane non ineruditum , & quod arguat scriptorem multae lectionis : nisi quod supra modum modestiae effervescit , quo nomine etiam serio reprehensus est ab Heroe Scaligero . Baud. Epist. Cent. 2. Ep. 56. Vide etiam Epist. 91.

That Book is his Vindex veritatis adversus Iustum Lipsium .

He hath put out another Work , entituled , La Chasse de la Beste Romaine . Juris utriusque professor erat . De quo Morus in Epistola quadam ad Erasmum . Tonstallo ( inquit ) ut nemo est omnibus bonis literis instructior , nemo vita moribusque ; severior , ita nemo est usquam in convictu jucundior . Baleus De Script . Britan. Cent. 9.

Cuthbert Tonstall Bishop of Durham , famous in those times for Learning and integrity of life .

He hath written

De veritate Corporis & Sanguinis Domini in Eucharistia .

De arte supputandi . Praeclara fero omnium hujus aevi hominum ingenia , in ●o , tum solu●a oratione , tum versibus , celebrando efferendoque , magna cum laude , versata esse dicuntur . Iani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca .

In Ethica Aristotelis Synopsis .

Torquatus Tassus , a learned Poet.

Aug. Torniellus , a learned and diligent Italian Historian . Ille aemulus indestriae Baronianae Mont. Apparat. 9.

There are his

Annales sacri ab orbe condito ad Christi passionem in 2 Tomes .

Levinus Torrentius .

Episcoporum superioris seculi doctissimus . Meibomii Maecenas c. 12. Vir sacrâ liberalique doctrina ad miraculum usque excultus fuit , ac lyrici carminis post Horatium , vel ipsorum Italorum judicio , princeps habendus . Historiam Rom mirificè illustravit , & Commentarium eruditum in Suetouii Caesares iterum evulgavit . Horatium quoque insigni ac copioso Commentario ab ipso illustratum Andreas Schottus post mortem edidit . Sand. De Gandav . erudit . Claris. lib. 2.

He hath published a learned Commentary upon Suetonius his Caesars , upon Horace , a work De bello Turcico .

He was a great Poet , Efferant Bembos , Pontanos , Flaminios Itali , attollant caeteri suos . Nos Torrentium , vel ipsorum Italorum judicio , Lyrici carminis post Horatium principem laudemus , qui perennis perpetuique torrentis instar , sacra carmina ad extremam usque aetatem mira ubertate profudit . Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg.

Ioannes * * Vir pro iis temporibus bene doctus . Is est , cui Laurentius Valla elegantiarum libros dicavit . Voss. De vitiis Sermonis . cap. 18. lib. 1. Tortellius .

He hath written

De Orthographia .

Dan. * * Praeter studium pietatis , quod in eo eximium fuit , morum conspecta singularis sanctitas , egregia vitae integritas , mira judicii dexteritas : ingenium praestans : memoria , qualis multis non contigit : sermonis facundia tanta , ut inconcionando pares paucos habuerit . Melchior . Adam in ejus vita . Vide plura ibid. Tossanus .

He hath written upon Ieremies Lamentations , divers parts of the New Testament , and several other Works .

Synopsis de Patribus quo tempore vixerint , quantum eis deferendum , qua cautione legendi .

Paul Tossanus .

He hath written

Index in S. Biblia part. 2.

De vita & morte Joh. Buxtorfii .

Georgius Trapezuntius . Anno Aerae Christi 1440. Is Graecorum ferè primus Romae eo tum seculo renascentibus literis , qui Graeca feliciore stylo in Latinum verterit existimatus est , uti liquidissimè constat ex Aristotelis , sacrisque Eusebii Caesariensis operibus , & ex Rhetoricis praeceptis . Hermogenis Paul . Iov . Elog. Doct. Vir. De quo quidam memoriae tradiderunt , extremo senio pressum , & morbo gravi detentum , postquam ad valetudinem redivisse● , literarum omnium fuisse oblitum , neque legere aut scribere potuisse , quod ex dolore illi evenisse ferunt ; propterea quòd ejus opera Pontifici maximo oblata , centum ducatis tantùm compensata fuissent . Boissardi Icones . Vide Geneb . Chron. ad an. 1431. & Seth. Calvis . ad an 1486. Quem ego senem puer docentem audivi . In extrema senectute oblitus erat omnino literarum , solusque urbem baculo nixus incedere malebat . Volat. Comment. Urban . l. 21.

He was born in Crete , but took his name from Trapezunte a City in Cappadocia , because his Fathers stock came from thence , a most learned Interpreter of the Greek and Latine Tongue .

He died very old at Rome , Et literarum penitus oblitus .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard .

Walter Travers , a learned and pious Divine .

There are his

Vindiciae Anglicanae Ecclesiae , or , A Justification of the Religion now professed in England .

His Answer to a supplicatory Epistle of G. T. for the pretended Catholicks , written to the Right Honourable Lords of her Majesties Privy-Councel .

Lucas Trelcatius . He was Francis Iunius his Colleague , and had one sonne of Obiit Anno Dom. 1607. his own name .

He was wont to call Iohn Mercer and Peter Ramus , honoris causa his masters .

He was in England a long time and taught School .

There is his , Locorum Communium Sacr. Theol. Institut .

Immanuell Tremellius . D. Francisci Iunii Protestantis eximii , in translatione Bibliorum socius ac coadjutor , ex Judaeo naturali sactus est Christianus Protestans , non sine Protestantium opera Laurent . Iesuit . Liberal .

He hath put forth a Commentary on Hosea . A Chaldee and Syriack Grammer .

He professed Hebrew at Heidelberge , where he turned the Syriack Interpretation of the New Testament into Latine , and afterward with the help of Iunius he translated all the Old Testament out of Hebrew into Latine , and illustrated it with most learned Notes .

Iac. Triglandius . There are his

Dissertatio de civili & Ecclesiastica potestate .

Meditationes in opiniones variorum de voluntate Dei & gratia universali & de scientia media .

Io. Trithemius , Anno Dom. 1462. Calv. Chron. Abbas Spa●heimensis floruit circa annum 1500.

He was a subtil Philosopher , an ingenious Mathematician , a famous Poet , a compleat Historian , a very eloquent Oratour .

He was very skilfull in Magick , Michael Rothardus in his Cr●x Saulitica , p. 70. Habuit plurima certamina cum Monachis , describitque non rarò luculenter eorum scelera . Accusat sacerdotes in quadam Epistola , quod sint contemptores sacrarum literarum . In alia quaeritur graviter , quod non tam Christus quàm Aristoteles in suggestu praedicetur . Dicit non Philosophiam , multò minus fabulas sed Legem & Evangelium Ecclesiae Dei proponendum : sic & patres fecisse . Omnino fuit & purioris literaturae & syncerioris Theologiae , quàm multi ejus Coaetanei studiosior . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. tels a notable Story of him . Vide Naudaeum de Studio militari . l. 1. p. 425 , 426.

He hath written

De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis .

De viris illustribus ordinis S. Benedicti .

Epistolae familiares .

Opusc. quaedam Theologica .

And many other Works .

Mart. Trostius .

He hath put out

Novum Testamentum Syria ▪ Latinum .

Lexicon-Syriacum .

Adrianus Turnebus the King of France his Professour of Philosophy and Greek Nunquam satis laudatus vir Adrianus Turnebus . Unicum Galliae nostrae atque adeo totius Europae ornamentum . Scalig. conjectan . in Varrou . De Lingua Lat. Fuit cum aliquando ego , qui vix tam ex ephebis exieram , de hujusmodi politioribus literis , ut fit , cum Turnebo disputarem , & cùm in quibusdam ego illi non assentirer , ipse ultro mu●a●it sententiam , neque gravatus ●it etiam scriptis suis haec testari . Quare nemo putet me nisi omnia magna & honori●ica de tanto viro & sentire & loqui . Ios. Scalig. in Varron . de Re Rustica . Injuriam fecerunt manibus eruditissimi & maximi viri qui ejus abortiva quaedam in Varronem post mortem ejus ediderunt , quibus magis traduxerunt eum quam ejus nomen commendarunt . Nam quid opus erat ea edere cum ipse ex more suo in adversaria sua tumultuaria opera infercisset ? sane ( ne quid amplius dicam : ) indigna sunt quae tanti viri titulum praeferrent . Ios. Scalig. Append. ad conjectan . in Var●onem de lingua Latina . Adrianus Turnebus vir longe doctissimus , & Regius Professor in celeberrima Parisior●m Schol● . Scripsit Adversariorum libros 24. opus omnigena eruditione refertum . Gesn. Biblioth. Vir omni vir●utum omniumque litterarum genere instructissimus , qui politioris initio litteraturae Graecae ac Latinae , dein Philosophiae in Schola Parisiensi Professor Regius plurima ratae eraditionis monumenta edidit . Thuan Hist. Tom. 2. l. 36. Adversaria quae M. Tullius pro Roscio nominat , videntur libelli fuisse & Commentarioli & Chartae , quae homines advertebant , & ( ut ita di ▪ cam ) memoralia erant , ne res aliqua eis excideret . Tur● . Advers. l. 2. c. 11. in Paris .

Grande nostri seculi ornamentum . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 35.

He was admirable both in the Greek and Latine Languages , and in knowledge of all Antiquity , as his Books entitled Adversaria do evidently testifie .

Illa aeternitate digna Adversaria . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 36.

Utinam non tanta brevitate in suis Adversariorum libris esset usus . Paulo enim luculentior & plenior quorundam locorum explanatio & majorem illi eperi gratiam laud●mque conciliasset , & lectori multo magis satisfecisset . Henr. Stephani Pseudo Cicero .

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones , saith thus of him ,

Quicquid in arcano condebat avara vetustas , Turnebus tacitis eruit è latebris .

He hath mended Plinies Preface to his Natural History by ancient Copies , and added Annotations upon it .

He hath commented also upon Horaces first Book of Verses , and upon his obscurer places .

Benedict . Turretine , a learned Frenchman . Quod adversus Petri Cottoni Jesuitae plagiariam Genevam , manifestum fecit vit dum viveret , doctissimus & accuratissimus , Benidictus Turretinus . Andr. River . Apologet. pro ver● Pace Eccles.

These Books of his are published in the French ,

Defense de la fidelité des traductions de la S. Bible faictes à Geneve .

Recheute du Iesuite Plagiaire .

Profit des Chastiments .

Franciscus Turrianus , Famous in Theological Antiquities , and for his skill in Natione Hispanus , vir omni disciplinarum genere excellens ; Philosophus , & Theologus eximius ; Graecae linguae peritia , atque exquisitarum & reconditarum literarum cognitione cum paucis conserendus , curiosus Antiquitatis indagator , diligentissimus in Bibliothecis latentium , & cum ●ineis blattisque luctantium voluminum ●● . Patrum , atque acerrimus investigator . Biblioth. Scripi . Societ . Ies à Philippo Al●gambe edita . Magnus fabularum artifex ; nullo aut perexiguo vel pudore vel judicio . Dallaeus De P●eudepig Apost. lib. 3. cap. 1. the Greek and Hebrew Languages .

Many of his Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue and Appendix .

Iacobus Tusanus , a singular Grecian . Vide Audo ▪ mari Talaei Admoni● . Turnebo , pag. 597. & Praefat. pag. 99 , 100.

Dr William Twisse , a learned Divine of our own , famous beyond Sea for his excellent Subtilissimus Theologus simul & Philosophus Gulielmus Twissus in vindiciis eruditis Perkinsii contra Arminium . Spa●●em . De Gratia universali Annotat. in Sect. 16. writings against the Arminians .

Vindiciae Gratiae , Potestatis ac Providentiae Dei .

Dissertatio de Scientia media contra Penottum , Suarez , &c.

Animadversiones ad Arminii Collationem cum Junio & ad Corvini defens . sententiae

Arminianae contra Tilenum .

And many English Tracts that way also .

Pontus Tyardaeus Bissianus Episcopus .

Many of his Works are mentioned by Ludovicus Iacobus .

De Claris Scriptoribus Cabiol●nensibus , and his French Works by Antoine du Verdier Hoc aeternum musarum charitumque decus , fuit Burgundiae ; imo & Galliae gloria , eruditionis prodigium , ac Poetarum Gallorum suâ aetate nulli secundus , etiam in linguis Hebraicis , Graecis , Latinis , Italicis & Gallicis versatissimus & politissimus . Ludov. Iacob . De ●laris Scriptoribus Ca●iolonensibus . in his Bibliotheque .

I finde in Oxford Catalogue Tyard .

Discours 1587. Philosophiquez .

William Tyndall , an exile for his Religion , and a Martyr under Charles the Guliel . Tyndal ad multorum in Christo salutem natus , Graecè ac Latinè peritus , eruditione , fide , ac vitae innocentia clarus , in Anglica regione primus habebatur post Ioannem ●viclevum , qui divinae veritatis contra iniquos Balamitas promoveret causam , ac populum recta erga Deum fide institueret . Balaeus De Script . Brit. Cent. 2. fifth .

He was brought up from a childe in the University of Oxford , where he by long continuance grew up , and increased as well in the knowledge of Tongues , and other liberal Arts , as specially in the knowledge of the Scriptures , whereunto his minde was singularly addicted : Insomuch that he lying then in Magdalen-Hall , read privily to certain Students and Fellows of Magdalen-Colledge some parcell of Divinity ; instructing them in the knowledge and truth of the Scriptures . Whose manners also and conversation , being correspondent to the same , were such , that all they that knew him , reputed and esteemed him to be a man of most virtuous disposition , and of life unspotted . Fox . Act. and Monum . vol. 2. p. 361 , &c.

He translated the New Testament into English , and five Books of Moses . He wrote also divers other Books , which are all published in one general Volume , as also the Works of Iohn Frith and Barns .

He was put to death in Flanders at Filford Anno Dom. 1536. crying thus at the Stake with a fervent zeal , and a loud voice , Lord open the King of Englands eyes .

He is drawn with a Bible in his hand , and this Distick ,

Hac ut luce tuas dispergam Roma tenebras , Sponte extorris ero , sponte Sacrificium .

CHAP. IV. V

JOach Vadianus , the chiefest Cosmographer of his time . Mathematicis artibus ac Geographiae praecipuè , quam scriptis illustravit , cognitione clarus , tum & ad extremum etiam Theologus non exigui inter suos nominis . Thuan. Hist. vol. 2. l. 8. Saepe pro cervical● volumine Virgilii prae grandi usus ; quod in Bibliotheca Sangallensi inter libros Vadiani etiamnum adservatur . Melch. Adam in ejus vita .

Qui tam foelix est in describendis regionibus , ut non scribere , sed pingere videatur .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones , and many of them in Oxford Catalogue .

Matthaeus Vayerius , a learned and eloquent Frenchman , but a patron of Pelagianism . Maresius orat . De salute Aristotelis quotes it

He hath put out a French Book De virtute Ethnicorum .

Petrus Valadanus . P. de la Vallada , a learned French Minister . Vide Riveti Apologeticum pro vera pace Eccles. p. 215 , 216.

He hath put out

Apologie pour l' Epistre de messieurs les Ministres du S. Evangile de l' Eglise de Paris .

Greg. de Valentia , a very learned Jesuite . Natione Hispanus , inter Theologos sui temporis nulli secun . du● . Clemens Octavus Pontifex Maximus illum Doctorem Doctorum appellavit . Biblioth. Scriptorum Societ . Iesu ab Alegambe Edita .

He hath written

A Commentary in summam Aquin. Tom. 4.

De rebus fidei controversis .

Apol. de Sacrificio .

A Bookseller seeing him passe by one day , said , Hic est ille , q●i suis libris , saepius impressis , bibliopolas plures , magnas ad divitias opesque perduxit . Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca secunda . Vide plura ibid.

Valerius Maximus . Doctorum factorumque memorabilium libros 9. reliquit . Scripsit post Sciani caedem , nempe extremit Tiberil temporib●s . Stylu● tamen vix sapit tam bonum aevum tententias quoque nimium affectat . Voss. De Histor. Lat. lib. 1. cap. 24 In pretio habentur Valerij Maximi , lib. 9. Dictorum factorumque memorabilium , quae ex praestantissimis utriu●ue linguae auctoribus admiranda industria collegit , & ●●gula ad certa capita virtutum & vitiorum revocavit , gravissimisque sententiis illustravit . Conrad . Ritter●us Epist. ad ●●●it . 3. Meditat. Hist. Camer .

His History is a good Book for Themes .

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these Verses of him ,

Et brevitas , & me variè comme●dat acumen : Haec Emblemata tu vermiculata p●●●●s

Laurentius V●lla . Proprietatis Latini sermonis 〈◊〉 . Scriv. in Mart. Iquidem Vallam plur●ma laude dignum arbi●ror , hominem rheto●icum magis quam theo●ogum , qui hac diligentia sit usus in sacris literis , ut Graeca cum Latinis contulerit , cum non pauci sunt Theologi , qui nunqua● universum Testamentum ordine pe●legerint . Eras. Epist. l. 21. Epist. 42. Elegantiarum observantiis nemini aeque ●dem habeo , atque Laurentio Vallensi , cui quem alium & ingenii acumine & memoriae tenacitate conferimus non h●●emus . Id. Epist. l. 30. Epist. 3. Vide l. 31. Epist. 17. Patricius Romanus , Grammaticus , Rhetor & Philosophus c●●issimus , Theologiae Doctor , Graecae & Latinae linguae peritissimus . Vixit Anno Domini 1420 , Sigismundo 〈…〉 ▪ peratore . Vixit annos L. Bo●●orn . Monum . Illust. Vir. Alphonsi Regis Secretarius de lingua Latina optime meritu● Anno Aerae Christi 1465. Calvis . Chron. Laurentius Valla egregiam prae se fert indolem , & verbis cum puris tum etiam propriis utitur : quae ante elegantias scripsit , ut de voluntate , minus sunt accurata , quam quae post eas . Lud. Viv. De Trad. Discip. l. 3. Vir de lingua Latinâ praeclarè meritus , etsi eum vir eruditus Ramireziu● de Prad● Hispanus , suis in Martialem notis audaciùs paullò audacem Grammaticum ; uti & ejus libros inelegantes elegantics appellet . Omnino enim illis temporibus magnus fuit , & acutus Romani sermonis Censor ; qui tamen non rarò à veritatis via dessectat , idque imprim is contradicendi modo , quo vehementer laborabat , ut non temere omnino in eum jam olim dictum sit . He was a Senator of Rome .

The Prince of Grammarians in his Age. Trithemius cals him Theolog●●● praestantissimum , a most excellent Divine .

He preferring Latine eloquence before the Greek , hath composed many things for its ornament , though he was most skilfull both in the Greek and Latine Languages .

Carpis majores , & te quoque , Valla , minores Carperis , & carpis , sic tu● fata ferunt . Voss. De Construct . cap. 16.

De Latini sermonis elegantia scripsit elegantissime . Erasmus De Ratione Studii .

Quintiliani in primis admirator simul & imitator : maledecus alioquin in omnes .

One made this Distick of him being dead ,

Ohe ut Valla silet , solitus qui parcere nulli est . Si quaeris quid agat , nunc quoque mordet humum . Volat. Comment. Urban . lib. 21.

There are two witty Epigrams made of him , the one by way of censure , viz. this ,

Nunc postquam manes defunctus Valla petivit , Non aend●t Pluto verba Latina loqni . Jupiter hunc Coeli dignatus honore fuisset ; Censorem lingua sed timet esse suae .

The other by way of Commendation , thus

Fatales post quam soluit Laurentius annos , Extimuit tantum Rhetora Pluto n●oens . Jupiter hunc sacro non dedignatus Olympo , Fac●ndo Maiae praeposuit genito .

There is this Elogy also of him ,

La●reus Valla jacet , Romanae gloria linguae ; Primus enim docuit , qua decet arte loqui .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones .

Cypriar de Valera , a Spaniard , who was B. Welch of Irelands Tutor , turned Protestant , and was here in England , and carried over into Spain the Bible translated into Spanish , and also Calvins Institutions , and went and dispersed them there .

He is called in Oxford Catalogue Cypriane ●● Valeriola ; There is a Book of his there mentioned De la Missa , and others in Spanish .

Lucas Valerius .

For his admirable skill in the Mathematicks , he deserved to be called the Archimedes of his age .

He put out a ●●●● De centro gravitatis solidorum .

He taugh● the Mathematicks long in Rome , especially Geometry .

Henr● Valesius .

He hath put out Notes on Ammianus Marcellinus , and on Excerpta de P●lybio .

Franciscus Vallesius , a most learned Spanish Philosopher . Habet in erudito libro de sacra Philosophia multa praeclara ▪ acu●è , ing●●iosè , nec si●● diligentia in Physicis Sacra cum Philosophica conciliatione atque consensu prolata , quae sanè non obscurè ost●●dunt , virum hunc esse magni ingenii atque industriae , solidéque in plurimorum Philosophorum , praesertim Platonis , Aristotelis & Galeni scriptis versatum , ut vel hinc solummodo ipsius eximiam & multiplicem doctrinam colligere liceat . l. 1. c. 8. Tych. Brab De nova Stella . Vide plura ibid.

He was Professor of Physick in Academia Complutensi .

He wrote his ten Books , in which he explains the more difficult controversies of Physick and Philosophy .

Opus eruditi judicii , quamvis id Iuvenis admodum scripsit , ut testatur , lib. 5. c. 6. nec animo vnlgandi . Castellanus De vitis medicorum .

He wrote Commentaries upon Hippocrates his Book , De morbis popularibus .

Upon his Aphorisms , and his Book De ratione victus inacutis .

Marcus Varro . M. Terentius Varro , scriptor inter togatos , sine controversia longè doctissimus . Casaub. De Satyr . Graec. Poes . & Rom. Sat. l. 2. c. 1. M. Varro omnium Latinorum & Graecorum doctissimus est à Tullio appella●us . Bod. Meth. hist. ● . 8. Octogesimum agens annum , scripsit libros De re rustica , & ita scripsit , ut ex his videatur adhuc alacri animo fuisse , & sensisse studiorum dulcedinem . Eras. Epist. l. 23. Epist. 5. Varro ille Romanus multi fo●mibus eminens disciplinis , & in vetustatis indagatione rimator . Arnob. Adversus gentes l. 5. Terenti●● Varro vis Romanorum eruditissimus ; Plurimos hic libros & doctissimos composuit , peritissimus linguae Latinae , & omnis antiquitatis , & rerum Graecarum , nostrarumque : plus tamen scientiae collaturus , quam eloquentiae . Quintil. Instit. Orat. l. 10. c. 1. Varro , quo nemo unquam doctior apud Graecos quidem nedum apud Latinos . Lactant. De falsa Relig. l. 1. Vide illius Elogium apud Aug. De Civit. Dei l. 6. c. 2. & 6. & ●rinit . De honesta Discip. l. 10. c. 11. Doctissimus undecunque Varro cum pleraque alia , tum praecipuè Grammatitum hoc argumentum quatuor & viginti libris explicaverat : sex adhuc licet mutilati : attamen ex numero libri superant , unde potest universae commentationis summa perspici . Rami Praefat. Grammar . 4. p. 7. Publius Terentius Varro in Provincia Narbonensi natus centesimum quintum annum agens , Graecas literas summo studio didicit . Geneh . Chronol. l. 2.

He was so esteemed for his excellent Learning , as Tully himself had a reverence to his judgement in all doubts of learning .

If his Books had remained to posterity , as by Gods providence most part of Tullies did , the Latine Tongue might have made good comparison with the Greek . Asch. Schoolmaster part. 2.

His Life was spared in civil dissentions for his incomparable Learning , Vivat Varro doctissimus Romanorum .

He is often styled Doctissimus Togatorum , and Romanorum doctissimus , by Sene●a Consolat. ad Helv. and Quintilian . l. 10. c. 1.

His Etymologies are somewhat forced . Sed Varro more suo anxiè Etymologias Comminiscitur . Jos. Scaliger . Conjectan . in Varr. De Lingua Latina .

Nam Varro in Etymologiis Varro non videtur : itaque & à Quintiliano merito ridetur . Manut. Epist. l. 3. Epist. 23.

Gabriel Vasquez , the Papists most expert Schoolman . Natione Hispanus , vir magni ingenii , assiduae atque infinitae lectionis , & in pervestigandis atque eruendis Sanctorum Patrum reconditis sententiis summae diligentiae utroque certè ornamento virtutum & literarum ira inclaruit , ut omnium retro seculorum illustrissimis viris debuerit jure optimo annumerari . Biblioth. Script . Societ . Iesu. ab Alegambe ●dita . Vide plura ibid.

Franciscus Vatablus . Quem Hebraei ipsi Lutetiae Hebraicas literas profitentem admirati sunt , Christiani verò maximo cum fructu docentem audiverunt . Ejus notationes in Vetus Testamentum ab auditoribus ex illius prae●egentis ore exceotae : nam ipse sine naturali pigritiâ , quod illi exprobtatum est , sine morte praeventus , nihil omnino scripsit . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 3.

Regius Professor of the Hebrew Tongue in Paris .

His Notes ( if they be his ) upon the Bible are well liked .

Iohn Udall a learned and pious Divine .

He hath put out a Translation of Martinius Hebrew Grammer , with a short Dictionary , and a praxis upon certain Psalms , and a Commentary on the Lamentations .

Divers Sermons of his are mentioned by Maunsell in his Catalogue of English Books .

Nic. Vedelius , a learned Writer , as his Works shew .

Rationale Theologicum .

De Deo Synagogae .

De prudentia veteris Ecclesiae .

De Arcanis Arminianismi .

Panacea Apostasiae bono constantium & lapsorum praescripta .

Andr. Vega * * Qui in Concilio Tridentino praeclarus ath●eta & actor extitit . Mortoni Anfidiat . contra merita cap. 6. Sect. 5. In pulvere Scholastico versatissimus . Montac . Apparat. 1. , one of the learnedst at the Councel of Trent .

He hath put forth a Defence of the Councel of Trent concerning Justification .

Flavius * * Quem libenter in illis sequimur quae ad militiam attinent . Naudaus De Studio militari lib. 1. pag. 175. Vegetius .

He hath written De re militari .

Scriverius and Godeschalcus Steuuechius have put forth Animadversions on him .

Marcus Velserus , Illud Margaritum Germaniae suae . Pignor. Symb. Epistol. Anno Christi 1558. Epist. 13.

He going into Italy published Antiquitates Augustana , Foelix famae surgentis Reipublicae Augustana aeternum decus . Montacu● . Antidiat . Vir illustrissimus & propter summam eruditionem merito suo omnibus venerabilis . Meric . Casaub. pietas . Accepi Annales vestros , eruditionis , elegantiae , & optimae frugis plenos . Ios. Scalig. Epist. l. 2. Epist. 143. Dictio ( in historia rerum Augustanarum ) Romanam dignitatem , sine ullis ambagibus sapiens . Nihil in ea turgidum nihil laxum : s● qua in re moratur , id ad rem solidè explicandam facit . Possev . Biblioth . Select . Tom. 2. l. 16. c. 48. auspicium & pium . Exinde aliis atque aliis ad unguem factis monumentis obligavit sibi rem literariam . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita .

He mentions there his several Works .

Marce Velsere . Te fortem , pium , beatum , Coelo receptum si lugeamus nefas . At publica damn● publicam jacturam , nisi lugeamus quantum nefas ? Tibi religio , cui tu patronus , pietas , cui tu vindex , studium boni & aequi , cui tu assertor nuper fueras certatim funus ducunt . Dicunt tuas laudes uno ore modestia , candor , ingennitas . Te Germania sidus suum sibi extinctum , Te Italia alumnum suum sibi ereptum , justissimi● fletibus conqueruntur . Subeunt feretrum tuum Fama per te constantior , Honos per te illustrior , virtus per te nobilior , Gloria per te solidior . Fuisti enim & tecum una fuerunt deliciae , lepores , veneres sobriae & castae eruditionis , vis doctrinae , pondus sapientiae , quae tu alio migrans tecum extulisti omnia . Laur. Pign . Miscella Elog. Adelamat . &c.

Venantius Honorius , Clementianus Fortunatus Italus , Anno Dom. 580. Claruit sub Iustino juniore . Voss. De Poetis Latinis . Vide illu●i de Hist. Lat. l 2 c. 22.

One cals him Scholasticissimum .

He hath written

Upon the Lords Prayer , and Apostles Creed .

Divers Poems .

Claud. Verderius , the great Censurer . In multis censore huic opus est Censori . Voss. De arte Gram. De Analog . l. 2. c. 24. Verderius omnes penè Auctores censoria notat virgula , vento tamen parum secundo . Dil●●r ▪ Disput. Acad. Tom. 2.

The Title of his Book is ,

In Auctores penè omnes censiones & correctiones .

CHAP. V.

PAulus Vergerius , an eloquent Lawyer and Phlosopher . Petrus Paulus P. Vergerius . Olim Papae Bibliothecarius , & Episcopus Iustinopolitanus ex lupo ovis & pastor gregis Dominici factus . Pezel . Mellific . Hist. Petrus Paulus Vergerius vir in divinis Scripturis studiosus & in secularibus litetis eruditissimus , Philosophus & Rhetor celeberrimus , Graeco & Latino sermone ad profectum instructus . Trithem . De Script . Eccles. Paulus Vergerius Episcopus Iustinopolitanus , cujus sedula opera Clemens VII , ac Paulus per Germaniam usi fuerant , vir magnae doctrinae , & Ferdinando regi , cujus filia●● ex sacro lavacro , cum in Pannoni● esset , susceper●nt , valde charus , ne Concil●o interestet , aut Iustinopolim reverteretur , à Pontifice prohibetur : unde ille primum Venetias , dein Patavium se contulit : ubi Francisci Spierae nuper in summa desperatione mortui exemplo territus , in agrum Bergomatem secessit , atque inde ad Raetos abiit , apud quos in Telinavalle aliquanto tempore Lutheri professus , postremo à Christophoro Virtembergio Tubingam evocatus fuit . Thuan. Histor. Tom. 1. lib. 5. Vide etiam ejus Tom. 2. lib. 28.

The Bishops of Rome , Clement and Paul used his service in Germany . He was in high favour with King Ferdinando , so much that when his daughter Katharine was born , Vergerius and George Marquesse of Branderburg , and Iohn Archbishop of Lunden were her Godfathers at the Font. But after he revolted from the Bishop of Rome by a wonderfull occasion , when he was sent for to Rome from the Conference of Wormes , which was in the beginning of the year 1541.

The Pope going about to make new Cardinals , appointed him also among others . But there were some which privily whispered in his ear , that he was now through much familiarity with the Germans become a Lutherane . After that Vergerius had heard this by Cardinal Ginueius , unto whom the Pope had told it , he was marvellously astonished . And to the intent he might purge himself , he goeth home into his Countrey , and beginneth a book , which he entitled , against the Apostates of Germany .

And whilst to confute their Arguments , he turneth over diligently the books of S●eid . Comment. l. 21. fol ▪ 329. See more there . his Adversaries , and pondering deeply their reasons : He feeleth himself taken and vanquished . Then casting away all hope of his Cardinalship , he goeth to his brother Iohn Baptist Bishop of the City of Pole , and reciting the whole matter , asketh his counsel . His brother being afraid at the beginning , lamenteth his case much . But after he was perswaded by him to apply himself to the searching of the Scripture , and had considered diligently that Article of Justification , comparing the sentences together , he giveth place , and judgeth the Bishop of Romes Doctrine to be false . Whereupon they rejoyced together . And as the duty of Bishops is , began to instruct the people in Istria , and preach diligently the benefit of Christ imploy'd upon mankinde , and declare what works God requireth of us , to the intent they might call men again to the true Religion .

Iacobus Verheidenus .

That Book of his is of good use .

Effigies & Elogia Theologorum qui Romanum Antichristum praecipuè oppugnarunt .

Andreas Vesalius . Praestantissimus medicus , & opere de fabrica humani corporis edi●● clarissimus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 35. Puer etiamnum mures , talpas , glires , interdum etiam canes atque feles dissecare , & intestina rimari a vebat magno omine ejus , quae in eo postea eluxit , anatomiae peritiae : quam ipse jam intermortuam in lucem revocavit . Naturae itaque genio obsecutus ad medicinae sese artem sic applicuit : ut in anatomicis parem vix ullum , ex omni antiquitate . superiorem certè neminem ( Iacobo Silvio Amb●ano pro Galeni honore nequicquam certante ) repererit . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita .

He was born at Bruxels in Brabant Anno Christi 1514. A famous Physician . He professed Anatomy at Basil , Padua , and almost in all the Universities of Italy .

He wrote Opus admirandum , De humani corporis fabricâ : in which he so expressed all its members in figures , that he even seems to expose them to view , and this he put forth at 28 years , Et sanè opus illud De corporis humani fabricâ , certissimis demonstrationibus aptum , & gravissimo dicendi genere conditum , robusti ingenii divinum vigorem , eruditionemque pertinaci studio auctam longè , lateque ostentat . Castellani vitae Illust. Medic.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Sextus Aurelius Victor .

A most elegant Historian , who lived under Constantius and Iulian.

There is his

Origo gentis Rom.

De viris illustribus .

De Caesaribus .

Histor. Augustae Epitome , which was rather anothers of the same name . Anno Aerae Christi 1106. Helv. Chron. Fuit Natione Saxo , sed Abbas Sancti Victoris Parisiensis , circa annum 1130. Tribus tomis ejus opera extant , multumque eruditionis & pietatis nomine à Trithemio laudatur . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 15.

Hugo de S. Victore .

His Works are in three Tomes .

Many of which are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue .

Richardus de S. Victore . Scotus fuit Richardus de S. Victore cognominatus , isto seculo longe doctissimus habitus , & in externa conversatione religiosus : floruitque circiter annum 1140. multa scripsit quorum pleraque perierunt . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 15.

He flourished in the time of Hugo de S. Victore about the year 1130. and lived in the same Monastery with him .

His Works are extant in two Tomes , and many of them mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Fr. à Victoria , Professour at Salamanca . Vir tantae authoritatis , ut Theologorum & Philosophorum Alpha & Princeps haberetur . Episc. Roffens . Ille tota Hispaniâ celebertimus magister . Montac . Apparat.

Clenard in his second book of Epistles , pag. 241 , 242. makes honourable mention of him , Ignorat Salmantica ( saith he ) quem possideat thesaurum in nostro Victoria , gratulentur sibi Dominici monasteria , quod tale decus meruerunt .

So called from Victoria a Town of Cantabria in Spain .

There be his

Relect. Theologicae .

Summa Sacramentorum Ecclesiae .

Victorinus Afer , Anno Dom. 270. There are these Works of his ●ictaviensis Marius Victorinus , per ea tempora floruit , quo Constantius Constantini filius Romani imperii habenas est moderatus , Afer quidem , & ut plerique existimant , Carthaginiensis . Praeter rhetoricam & dialecticam , quas disciplinas inprimis excoluit ( nam & in utraque doctissimè scripsit ) in Poetica etiam illum floruisse videmus . Leguntur hymni quidam ejus nomine editi de Sanctissima Trinitate . Lil. Gyrald . De Poet. Hist. Dlal . 5.

Adversus Arianos .

De Trinitate Hymni tres .

De Macchabaeis fratribus .

Liber contra Manichaeos .

Item de principio diei .

Petrus Victorius , a singular Grecian .

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Marcus Hieron . Vidas . Florebat in Italia celebris , Anno Christianae salutis M D. XXX . Quem unum hac tempestate meo judicio eò pervenisse videmus , quo sine Graecis duce cum primis Virgilio pervenire Poeta potest . Praecipua ejus ut mihi quidem videtur virtus excellens ac mira quaedam in Poeticis materiis disponendis illustrandisque felicitas . Gyrald . De Poet. Nost , Temp. Dial. 1 ▪ Hieronymus Vida nostrae aetatis , scripsit carmen excultum sane , & mirè Virgilianum de Poetica , in quo satis habuit Homeri ac Virgilii virtutes percensuisse ac declarasse , eosque pro absolutis artis praeceptionibus tradidisse . Lud. Viv. De Caus. corrupt . art. l. 1. Qui primus inter Italos post Iacobum S●nazarium Poeticam ad res sacras transtulit , & versibus elegantissimis ac putissimis provinciam suam excoluit . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 37.

He so excelled in Poetry , Ut proximè ad Vergilianam excellentiam illum pervenisse omnes judicent : Cujus rei insigne testimonium praebet insigne illud ; & nunquam satis laudatum opus Christiad●s : Poema proculdubio , quod tam materia , quam compositione & stylo debet meritò praeferri caeteris omnibus scriptis , quae à nostri saeculi Poetis melioribus tradita sunt : Continet enim vitam Christi ac gesta libris 6. Scripsit & eadem felicitate De arte Poetica , lib. 3. Boissardi Bihliotheca . Vide plura ibid.

Franciscus Vieta , a learned French Mathematician . Vir ingeniosa & profunda meditatione , cujus vi nihil illi inaccessum in abstrusioribus scientiis , nihil quod acumine mentis posset confici , difficile confectus fuit . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. part 2. l. 129. Vide plura ibid.

There are his Opera Mathematica . Vol. 2.

Relatio Calendarii vere Gregoriani , cum aliis opus● .

Universalium inspectionum ad Canonem Mathemat . lib. singularis .

De Aequatione recognitione & emendatione .

Nic. Vignerius , a learned French Historiographer . Nic. Vignerius emunctissimae natis summaeque & eruditio nis & diligentiae in Histor. Eccles. Blondel . De Form . Regnante Christo in Ver. Monum . usu Diat . Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 117. part. 1.

There are To 3. de la. Bibliotheq . Hist. and other Works of his .

Nic. Vignerius , Sonne to the other , a learned Divine . Nic. Vignerius Blesensis Ecclesiae Pastor celeberrimi illius Nicolai Vignerii Historiographi Regii filius . Mares .

He hath published an excellent Treatise in French , styled , Theatre de l' Antichrist , and a Dissertation in Latine of the Excommunication of the Venetians against Cardinal Baronius .

And Theses of the Satisfaction of Christ , which Rivet highly commends , and annexeth unto his own Disputations .

Io. Bapt. Villalpandus * * Egregius seculi nostri Theologus ac Mathematicus universam Architecturae rationem perfectiorem per Graecos in Romanos & demun● in Vitruvii libros , ab Ebraeorum in Templi Salomonici aliisque ejus structuris , proportionibus omnino manasse non dubitat . Seld. De Iur. Natural . & Gent. l. 1. c. 2. , A learned Divine and Mathematician ▪

He hath written well upon Ezekiel .

Arnaldus de Villa-novax * * Hispanus , vir exin●●è eruditus , linguarum Hebraicae , Graecae , Arabicae , & Latinae , Philosophiae , & Theologiae peritissimus , floruit ante annos 340. Recensetur à Papa , ejusque mancipiis inter haereticos , quod eorum errores reprehendit . Multa admodum scripsit , quorum quae sam adhuc inveniuntur . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 16. Ut erat homo multum deditus Rabbinorum & Alchimistarum deliramentis , ita nonnullorum sigillorum compositionem in sua medicinae practica docuit . Naudaeus De Studio Militari , lib. 1. pag. 425. , or Villa-novanus . There is a Town in Catalouia in Spain , which is called Villa-nova .

His several Physical Works are mentioned by Castellanus , De vitis Medicorum .

Longolius commends Simon Villa-novanus . Longolius Epist. lib. 3. Octaviano Grimoaldo hath this passage of him , Non dici potest quam de Villanovano laborem : nec co tam amicitia nostra , quae quidem summa est , adductus moveor , quàm humanitate & naturame● , qui tam praeclarum ingenii lumen tam misere extingui doleam . Otium illi ad aliquot annos est opus , non quo vel cum Budaeis , vel cum Erasmis nostris , quos jam elegantia dicendi & subtilitate vicit , sed cum veteribus illis aliquando contendat . See also there several Epistles of his to Baptista Egnatius , wherin he commends him .

Alexander de Villa Dei . Ex Hyperil erudito opere opus suum compilavit , correctis illis omnibus quae Pontificios tangunt . Rain . de Rom. Eccles. Idololat. l. 1. ● . 4. Hyperii interpolator & expilator . Rivet●s de Patrum Autoritate . Licentiam hanc furtorum s●pe miratus sum , quantopere sibi permiserint ex veteribus tam Graeci quam Latini scriptores , ut etiam aliena op●●a tota transcribere soliti sunt , ac sine ulla immutatione pro suis edere . Nec è plebe tantum & ex trivio auctores , sed etiam quos f●r●a nobis celebres transmisit , quosque in ore habuit ac manibus antiquitas , huic crimini fuisse obnoxios video , & indignor : Omitto quae de furtis Graecorum notavit Clemens Alexandrinus , quae omnibus sunt obvia . Timosthenes decem libros de Insulis composuerat , quos postea & in Epitomen unius libri r●degerat . Eratosthenes Cyrenensis Beta litteratorum sui aevi hunc librum totum transcripserat ne proaemio quidem auctori suo relicto , quin verba ipsa cum rebus convasaret , atque in suum converteret . Salmas . Prolegom . in Solinum .

Loquendi quondam magister singularis habebatur . Ram. Orat. Refor . Par. Acad.

Laurentius Villa-vincentius a Spaniard .

He wrote a Book De rectè formando Theologiae studio , which he took from Hyperius , who wrote of the same Argument , viz. De ratione studii Theologici .

So Solinus takes all he hath from Plinie . Vide Salmos . Prolegom . in Solinum .

Vincentius Belluacensis seu Bellovacensis .

He made four Tomes , and gave them the name of a Glasse ,

Speculum Historiale , l. 32.

Speculum Naturale , l. 33.

Speculum Doctrinale , l. 13.

Speculum Morale , l. 3. Is natione Gallus , librum contra profanas haereses ● pro Catholicae fidei antiquitate scripsit . Ad imitationem scripti Tertullianici de praescriptionibus adversus haereses compositus esse videtur . Opus eruditum & acutum , quodque veritatis adversariorum fraudes detegat , atque impugnet . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 5.

Vincentius Lirinensis , Anno Dom. 430.

He writes against the Pelagians and Nestorians .

Scripsit opusculum parvum mole , sed virtute maximum . Bellarm ▪

Vossius Hist. Pelag. lib. 1. cap. 9. reckons him among the Semi-Pelagians , and thinks his Commonitorium was either written against Austen himself , or those at least who followed Austens opinion concerning Predestination . Et fortè ( saith he ) hac ratio est , cur nomen suum praeterierit , quod adversariis illis suspectum esse sciret . Nam sub Peregrini nomine commonitorium suum edidiss● , ex Praefatione cognoscimus . Vir praestantissimus suo aevo , à Friderico II. Imp. cujus Cancellarius fuit , oculis orbatus est : ejusque sive ignominiae , sive doloris impatientia seipsum praecipitem dedit atque interemit . Camer . Hor. Subcis , Cent. 3 ▪ c. 80.

Petrus de Vineis .

He hath written Epist. l. 6.

Elias Vinetus , a most learned and eloquent man , he hath written a Commentary and illustrations upon Ausonius .

A Preface and Annotations on Persius . Upon Aurelius Victor .

Antonius Viperanus . Iohannes Viperanus vir literaturae haud contemnendae . Whear . Meth. Leg. Hist. parte secunda .

There is an Oration of his at the funeral of the Emperour Charles the fifth .

A Work Describenda Historia .

And other Works .

CHAP. VI.

PEt. Viretus , an eloquent French Divine , whom Calvin desired for his Colleague . Homo & eruditione praestans , moribus suavissimis praeditus , & oris facundia praecipuè excellens , ut merito nonnulli Calvinum , Farellum , & Viretum ut ejusdem muneris functione , sic etiam animis conjunctissimos , lectissimam quandam praestantissimorum pastorum triadem vocarint , eruditionis quidem penes Calvinum , vehementiae verò penes Farellum , facundiae denique laude penes Viretum manente . Bez. Icon. Vir. Illust Itaque si mihi Virotu● auferatur , prorsus perii : nec hanc Ecclesiam salvam retinere potero . Quare te & alios mihi ignoscere par est si omnem moveo lapidem , ne eo spolier . Calv. Farell .

His French Books are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque .

Virgilius , a Bishop in Bavaria , much renowned for his Piety and Learning , being seen in all Sciences , especially in the Mathematicks , was condemned for an heretick , for affirming that there were Antipodes .

Polyd. Virgilius , or Vergilius , a man not much to be trusted for his relation of Claruit anno 1533. quo Chronicorum suorum Henrico Anglorum regi 8. dedicaverat opus . Gesner . Biblioth. Polydorus , ut homo Italus , & in rebus nostris hospes , & ( quod caput est ) neque in republica versatus , nec ali●qui vel ingenii vel judicii , pauca ex multis delibans , & falsa plerumque pro veris amplexus , historiam nobis reliquit cùm caetera mendosam , tum exiliter sane & ●ejune conscriptam . Savil. Praefat. ad Rerum Anglicarum scriptores . English affairs .

Vir multis nominibus clarissimus . Lel. Comment. in Cygneam cantion●m .

Utinam Polydorus tam oculatus fuisset testis in rebus Britannicis , quam interim est tersus , nitidus , elegans . Nae ille tum exegisset opus immortalitate planè dignissimum : modo & eadem opera cognitionem utriusque linguae , videlicet Britannicae , & Saxonicae tanquam ad coronidem adjecisset . Id. ibid. Vide plura ibid.

Publius Virgilius Maro , the ●tately Poet. Lilius Gyrald and Politian write him Vergilius * *

Vide Polit. Miscel. Cent. c. 77.

Nam & Mar. mor docuit Angelum Politianum scribere Vergilium & non Virgilium , quod in usu quingentis ante annis fuerat . O quam marmoribus debemus . Pac●us . De fructu qui ex doctrina percipitur . Poetarum Deus , Alexander Imperator & Caesar eum Poetarum Platonem , ut scribit Lampridius appellare solitus fuit . Lil Gyrald . De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4. Praestitisse in Eclogis Graece Theocritus , Latine Virgilius visi sunt . Possev . Biblioth. Sel. Tom. 2. l. 17. Ut apud Graecos Homerus sic apud nos Virgilius auspicatissimum dede●it exordium , omnium ejus generis Poeta●um Graecorum , nostrorumque illi haud dubie proximus , Quintil. l. 10. c. 1. Aeneis Virgilii grande opus & plenum gravitatis , ac rerum bonarum , & quod ●liadi non concedat . Lud. Viv. de Trad. Discip. l 3. In Bucolicis secutus Theocritum , in Georgicis Hesiodum , in Aencide Homerum , in quarto ejus operis Apollonium : passim item Ennium , Lucretium , Latinorumque alios : Ut ostendit Macrob. Saturnal . quinto sextoque . Voss. De Imita● . Poet. c. 1. Auctor est Donatus , Virgilio hunc morem fuisse , ut horis matutinis plurimos scriberet versus : horis verò pomeridianis , ubi calor ille deferbuisset , eosdem incudi redderet , ac li●aret : ac saepe ex cen●enis vix qua●ernos , aut senos reliquisse non aliqua ex parte immutatos : ac propterea dicere solere se , ursae in modum , soe●us edere informes , quos denique lambendo informaret . Itaque septennium corrigendis tribuisse Georgicis creditur . Voss. De Imita● . Poet. c. 6. In agro Neapolitano mons celebris extat Pausilippus , ad cujus ferme radicem , quà urbem spectat Neapolitanam sacellum visitur D. Virgini sacrum , juxta quod sepulchrum Virgilii Maronis , Poetae istius incomparabilis , hac inscriptione insigne :

Mantua me genuit , Calabri rapuere , tenet nunc Parthenope : Cecini pascua , rura , D●ces . Olai ▪ Wormii Musaeum Wormianum . l 2. c. 13. .

Some compare him with Homer , nay prefer him before him ; others style him Homer in Latine .

This was said upon the coming forth of Virgils Aeneads .

Cedite Romani scriptores , cedite Graii , Nescio quid majus nascitur Iliade .

He set this Distick upon the Palace-gate of the Emperour Augustus ,

Nocte pluit tota , redeunt spectacula mane , Divisum imperium cum Jove Caesar habet .

As much to say , God sheweth his power by the night rains , Caesar his magnificence by the pomps of the day .

These two Verses were very well liked , and brought to the Emperours Majesty , who took great pleasure in them , and willed the Authour should be known . A sausie Courtier pretended to be the man , and had a good reward given him , for the Emperour himself was not only learned , but very munificent toward all learned men . Virgil seeing himself by his overmuch modesty defrauded of the reward , which an impudent person had gotten by abuse of his merit , came the next night , and fastened upon the same place this half Metre , four times iterated , thus

Sic vos non vobis . Sic vos non vobis . Sic vos non vobis . Sic vos non vobis .

And there it remained a great while , because no man wist what it meant , till Virgil opened the whole fraud by this devise . He wrote about the same half Metres this whole Verse hexameter ,

Hos ego versiculos feci tulit alter honores .

And then finished the four half Metres , thus

Sic vos non vobis Fertis aratra boves . Sic vos non vobis Vellera fertis oves . Sic vos non vobis Mellificatis apes . Sic vos non vobis Nidificatis ave● .

And put to his name Publius Virgilius Mar● .

This matter came by and by to the Emperours ear , who taking great pleasure in the devise , called for Virgil , and gave him not only a present reward , but also held him ever after upon larger triall he had made of his Learning and Vertue in so great reputation , as he vouchsafed to give him the name of Amicus , which among the Romans was a great honour and special favour .

He made a Talisman , or brazen Fly , which he set upon one of the gates of the City Naples . which for the space of eight years kept all manner of Flies from coming into the City . Gaffarels Unheard of Curiosities , Part. 2. Chap. 7. See more there .

The purity of his style and conceptions is generally known , and the purity of his manners , was once admired by those of Naples , which for this reason commonly called him Parthenius .

Virgilius Latinae linguae columen vocatur à Servio : & Cicero , cùm jam senex in hujus adolescentis opusculum incidisset , de illo sic fertur augurasse : Magnae spes altera Romae . Campianus de Imit . Rhetor. c. 3.

Vitae , Lives .

Diogenes Laertius hath written the Lives of the Philosophers in two Books .

There are the Lives of the Fathers illustrated with Notes by Rosweyde the Jesuite .

There are the Lives of many famous Romans , written well by Plutark .

The Lives of Sophisters * * Wise and eloquent men were so called heretofore . Vide Elmenhorstii Observat. in Arnob. lib. 1. pag. 36. . written by Eunapius .

There are the Lives of the Popes , written well by Platina .

Vitae & res gesta Pontificum Romanorum S. R. E. Cardinalium , ab initio nascentis Ecclesiae usque ad Urbanum 8 um , by Ciaconius .

The Lives of the Germane Divines , Lawyers , Physicians and Philosophers , written by Melchior Adam .

The Lives of Cardinal Contarenus and Bembus by Iohn Casa .

The Life of Pinellus . written by Paulus Gualdus .

Of Cardinal Pool , written by Dudithius .

The Life of Calvin , written excellently by Beza , and the Life of Galeacius Caracciolus , written first in Italian , and translated into Latine by Beza , and into English by Mr Crashaw .

Of Iuel , by Dr Humfrie .

Of Whitaker , by Abdias Asheton .

Of Whitgift , by Sir George Paule .

Of Bernard Gilpin , written by Bishop Carleton .

Of Sadeel , by Lectius .

Of Gesner , by Simler .

Of Bellarmine , by Fuligat , in five Books .

Iunius hath written his own Life , Buchanan his , Carda● his .

And so hath Thuanus his in six Books .

Sir Thomas Bodlie also wrote his own Life , and Bale .

Io. Annaeus Viterbiensis . Vir Latinè , Graecè , Hebraicè , Chaldaicè & Arabicè eruditus , atque insuper totius antiquitatis studiosissimus , ut de eo tradit . Leander in Italiâ suâ . Voss. De Hist. Lat. l. 3. p. 550.

A Monk by profession , who lived some two hundred years ago , having attained to more then ordinary knowledge both of the Tongues and Histories , applied himself by his knowledge and proficiency , not to help , but to cheat the world . To that end he counterfeited divers ancient Historians of best note and greatest antiquity , as Berosus , Manetho , Catonis Origines , and the like , which had not been heard of in many ages ; and wrote Comments upon them , these passed so current for a long time , that even to this day ( though descryed by divers learned men of all Nations and professions ) many can scarce perswade themselves , that so many fine titles and shows should be but a piece of juggling .

Scaliger in his Elench Orat. Chronol. Parei cals him Fanaticum Dominicanum . And elsewhere in that Book he saith , Ut doctior videatur , mendacia sua auctoritate priscorum auctorum firmare conatur . Propterea commentus est Myrsilos Xenophantas De aequivocis , Metasthenes , & alios nescio quos , qui aut non fuerunt , aut ea non scripserunt , quae planus ille eos scripsisse mentitur .

Got fridus Vitehergensis . See of Godefridus Viterbiensis Presbyter . Voss. De Hist. Lat. l. 2. c. 54.

He was learned in the Hebrew , Greek , Chaldee , and Latine Tongues , and many vulgar ones .

He got himself a great name by his universal Chronicle , which because it contains a History of all Princes , and they are styled Gods in Scripture , he named it Panth●on .

Vitellio . He hath written excellently on the Opticks . Anno Aerae Christi 912. Vir fuit Vitellio doctrina & eruditione non inferior Euclide , ut ejus monumenta monstrant , sed quae communis omnium temporum labes fuit , opiniones habuit anticipatas quas pro demonstratione saepe obtulit : Cujusmodi illud est , visionem fieri receptione radio●um , quod tamen non magis necessarium est , quam si emissione fieri dicas , & Euclides hoc libello apertè docet aspectum ●ieri per radios properantes ab oculis ad res visas . Pena . De usu Optices .

Iacobus de Vitriaco , Anno Dom. 1220. Vide Voss. De Hist. Lat. l. 2. c. 5● .

There is his

Praefatio in Historiam Orientalem . Historia Hierosolymitana , five Orientalis .

Ric. Vitus Basingstoch .

Hist. l. 8. cum Notis antiquitatum . And other Works .

Io. Lud Vives . Lewes Vives . Judicium ejus celebratur quos inter tres ill●s R. P. constituendae litterariae ejusdem tempestatis excelluit , ut Bud●o ingenium , Erasmo dicendi copia , Vivi judicium tribueretur . Testantu●● bri de corruptis disciplinis , quibus in artium abusum egregiè stylum strinxit , ut & Epistola ad Fortem , barbaros exagitat . Ita Theologiae se studio dedidit ; ut sui ●eculi Theologos adaequaret . Fidem faciunt docti illi Commentarii in Augustinum de civitate Dei : quaequ● De Bello Turcico , De officio piae matronae scripsit . In Anglia Reginam Mariam Latinè docuit : in cujus gratiam libellos De Ratione Studii conscripsit . Biblioth. Hispan In nulla Philosophiae parte non supra vulgum eruditus tum in bonis literis , atqué etiam in dicendi scribendique facultate ●o progressus , ut hoc seculo vix alïum nor im quem ausim cum hoc committe●e . Nullum est argumentum in quo non exercuit stilum . Eras. Epist. l. 19. Epist. 101. Vide plura ibid. & l. 13. Epist. 37. & l. 17. Epist. 16. Ingentis & doctrinae & judicii vir . Voss. Grammar . Lat. Quantae doctrinae & lectionis vir fuit docent tum alii ejus libri plurimi , tum etiam Commentarii ejus eruditissimi in Augustini libros de Civitate Dei , quos tunc conscripsit cùm Erasmus Augustini operum omnium emendationem institueret , & de disciplinis libri viginti doctrina , eruditione , sapientia rara refertissimi . Nea●d . Geog. parte 1a. a.

At the intreaty of Cardinal Wolsie , leaving his own Countrey he came to Oxford , where being incorporated Doctor of the Civil Law , he continued in Corpus Christi Colledge , whose Learning grew so famous , that not onely many of the University , but of the Court would flock thither to hear him reade the Greek Lecture in Corpus Christi Colledge Hall , King Henry the 8. sometimes .

Si Latinae Linguae puritatem excipias , bene literatus . Steph. Epist. Dedicat. ad Aul. Gel. Noct. Attic.

Ulphilas . He lived under Valens the Emperour about the year of Christ , 380. Quem Jornand●s Gulphilam , alii Vulph●lam , Paulus Diaconus Ulphilam nominat , Gothorum in M. Moesia Episcopus , qui in linguam Gothicam Biblia Sacra convertit . Olai Wormii Literatura Danica . c. 6.

He was not Literarum Danicorum inventor , as some say , Olai Wormii Literatura Danica c. 6. & 20.

Ulpian , a great Lawyer . Imperante Alexandro Severo magna Jurisprudentia Romana accepit incrementa , studio imprimis & opera celebris illius Ulpiani , cujus plu●imae leges in Pandectis Juris Romani hodieque leguntur . Fuit hic auditor Papiniani , & sub Alexandro Imperatore militibus Praetorianis praefectus , sed tandem , ob militaris disciplinae severitatem ab his interfectus est . Boxhorn . Hist. Universal . Anno Ae●ae Christianae 218. Helv Chron.

There are his

Tituli .

Gisbertus Voetius .

A learned Dutch Divine , Professour of Divinity at Utrect .

His Bibliotheca , and his Book De Desperata Causa Papatus , are very well esteemed .

His Selectae Disputationes Theologicae , both first and second Part are of good use .

Raph. * * Primos aetatis annos studiis bonarum disciplinarum impendens ; in virum doctissimum evafit , quod ejus scripta satis testantur . Vi● fuit habitu corporis venusto , facundo , elegante , & morum gravitate vitaeque sanctimonia Clarus . Mortuus est Volateris in patria annos natus plus quam septuaginta : Christianae verò salutis millesimo quingentesimo vigesimo primo . Boxhorn . Illust. Vir. Elog. Vir multae erat doctrinae & industriae : sed qua tamen non satis magnam Graecae linguae noticiam fuerat adeptus : quod multa adeò perperam ab eo versa ostendunt . Cond●dit Urbanorum Commentariorum libros 38 : quos Iulio II. Pontifici inscripsit , atque Urbanos vocat , quia in urbe Roma conscripsit . Ex mille amplius utriusque linguae auctoribus eos se congesisse , ipse ai● . Tribus verò tomis distinxit , quorum primus Geographiam veterem continet : alter anthropologiam , sive viros illustres : tertius Philologiam , sive a●●ium rudimenta . Itaque in Praefatione ad Iulium , opus hoc 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 appellat , qnasi quo omnia comprehendantur . Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 3. p. 602. Volaterannus , Anno Dom. 1500.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these Verses of him ,

De Volaterrano paucis , sic Lector habeto , Ille sui Plinius temporis alter erat .

Melchior Volmarus , Beza's Master .

He was most studious of Elegancy in the Latine Tongue , so skilfull in the Greek , that he affirmed before his Duke of Wittenberge , Malle se causam in foro Gaece quam Germanice agere , quamvis ea lingua sibi vernacula esset , yet he was so modest , that though he excelled in writing Greek and Latine , yet he published nothing but a very elegant Preface to the Greek Grammer of Demetrius Chalcondylas .

Conr. Vorstius . He was learned but Heretical .

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Gerard Iohn Vossius . Vir cl. I. Vossius quo nemo rem Grammaticam accuratius excussit & explicuit . Gatak . De Nov Instrum . Stylo Dissert. c. 23. Belgicus Varro . Mares . Exeg . Confess . Belg. Vide Forbes . Instruct . Historico . Theol. l. 8 c. 28. Diligentissimus & doctissimus scriptor . Rivet . Discus . Grot. Dialys . de invocat. Sanct. quinque disputat . doctiss . Quod vero Corvinus in his omnibus ad Historiam Pelagianam clarissimi Vossi provocet , nos libenter quoque ad eandem in plerisque provocamus , modo & hoc meminerit Corvinus , ipsum cl. D. Vossium cum Ecclesiis nostris plenè communionem colere , & in secundis curis suis aut alia data occasione sese ostensurum , publice recepisse , quod nonnulla quoque accuratius à se ab eo tempore observata sint , de quibus benevolum lectorem aliquando admonebit . Waloei Respons. adversus Corvinum . c. 23.

Professour of Eloquence , Chronology , and the Greek Tongue at Leiden , and Prebend of Canterbury in England .

He was an excellent Grammarian , and general Scholler .

One of the greatest Lights of Holland . He hath written learnedly almost of all the Arts , of Idolatry , his Theological Theses are good . His Treatise De Theologia Gentili , &c. is full of Learning .

Rivet often commends him .

Ego certè ita sentio , neminem inter Theologos nostros repertum fuisse , qui minùs jurarit in verba cujusquam magistri , qui aliorum sententias aequiùs expenderit , & qui veritatis diligentior fuerit indagator . And. Rivet . Apologet. pro vera pace Eccles.

His Historia Pelagiana is most disliked .

Our Arminians * most depend upon him touching the Authority of the Ancients .

Bochart . Geograph . Sac. l. 2. c. 17. saith thus of his Book De Historicis Gracis . Opus mira eruditionis , ex cujus lectione nos profecisse non parum ingenuè profitemur .

Urbanus VIII . Papa , a good Poet , he published some Poems . Qui cum in minoribus esset , Poesin veteri spoliatam decore , cultissimorum carminum varii argumenti editione , antiquae dignitati restituit . Leones Allatij Apes Urbanae .

There is Naudaei Panegyricus dictus Urbano VIII . Pont. Max. Ob beneficia ab ipso in magistrum Thomam Campanellam collata .

Fulvius Ursinus , a most learned Antiquary , Optimè de omni meliore Antiquitate Cujus nemine inter viros antiquariae rei studiosos nomen majus , celebriusque nullum est . Gassend De vita Peir●scii l. 1. Fulvii Ursiui libri apud Card. Farnesium delitescunt . M ● . omnes legavit Bibliothecae V●icanae . W●uer . Epist. Cent. 2. Epist. 9. Ios. Scalig. Patriâ Romanus , vir Graecè Latinèque coct ssimus ac purioris antiquitaris indagator diligentissimus , qui complura veterum utriusque linguae s●r p●orum monumenta aut primum aut edita dedit meliora . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 123. Vide Iani Nicii Eryth aei ●icanoth●●am . apud bonos omnes promeritus . Pignor. Symb. Epist. Epist. 18.

Celebris ille antiquitatum vindex U●sinus Fulvius . Scriv. Animadvers . in lib. 10. Mart.

There are his

Notae in Polybium , Dionysii Halyc . 〈◊〉 . Appiani , Diodori Siculi & Dionis fragmenta .

Notae in Tacitum & Paterculum .

Notae in Historices veteres . Appendix ad . lib. Petri Ciaconii de Triclinio .

De Faemiliis Romanorum .

Zachary Ursin , a learned and solid Divine . He was born at Uratislania , the Nihil sibi tribuit : ●h●ologiae studiosus , quam Doctor dici maluit . Erat tempo is parcus : quod inscriptio Musaei innuit . Amice , quisquis huc venis , Aut agito paucis ; aut abi , Aut me latorantem adjuva . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita . Metropolis of Silesia , one of the fairest Cities of Germany , in the year of Christ 1534.

His Works put out since his death , are all collected together , and distinguished into three Tomes .

Conr. â Liechthena , Abbas Urspergensis . Anno Dom. 1202.

There is his

Coenobii Chronicon .

Iacobus Armachanus . Iames Usher Bishop of Armagh .

The hundredth Archbishop of Armagh from him whom some call St Patrick , Iacobus Usserius vastae ●ectionis & eruditionis Theologus , inque antiquitate Ecclesiastica versatissimus . Voet. Thes. de Angelis . Summa enim summi viri , & undecunque doctissimi merita de Ecclesia & tota Republica literaria , nunquam sinent , ut non aeternùm ab omnibus literarum amantibus memoria grata celebretur . Vossius De vitiis Sermonis c. 10. Vide illum de Scient. Math. c. 62. & De Dieu Praefat , ad Act. as Matthew Parker Archbishop of Canterbury told Queen Elizabeth , he was the seventieth Archbishop of Canterbury from Austen the Monk . Antiq. Brit.

He hath a great name deservedly amongst the Reformed Churches , for his skill in Ecclesiastical Antiquities , his stout Defence of the Orthodox Religion , frequent and powerfull preaching , and unblameable Life , and is likewise famous for his great Abilities with the Papists themselves , though yet he be accounted haereticus primae Classis in their Index Expurg .

Fitz Simonds ( with whom he disputed about the Popes being Antichrist , and was too hard for , though the Bishop was then very young ) in one of his books saith , he is Acatholicorum doctissimus .

And Moranez in his Anti-Iansenius Disp. 11. Sect. 2. hath these words ,

Hanc divinationem de Haeresi Praedestinationis non ipse primus excogitavit , sed à Lutheranis & Calvinistis ejusdem haeresis recoctoribus accepit , praecipuéque à Jacobo Usserio iusigni Calvinista Hyberno qui ann. 1631. librum edidit Dublini , hoc titulo inscriptum Gotteschalci , &c. * *

Gotteschalc , & Praedestinatiane controversiae ab eo motae Historia .

Hibernus Episcopus libello nuper vulgato de Historia Godeschalci Vossio controversiam movet . Existimavit Vossius Godeschalcum affinem fuisse ei sententiae quam Piscator & alii quidam Novitii magistri de Praedestinatione ita defendunt . ut Deum scelerum causam magis dicere quam sentire to●mident . At ille plane eum vult intra Augustini fines stetisse noc ulterius evagatum . Grotius Epist. 122 , Cordesio .

Quo libro probandum suscipit eos qui pro Praedestinatianis haereticis habentur , non alios fuisse , quam doctrinae Augustinianae defensores . Ad quod persuadendum iisdem utitur conjecturis & argumentis quibus Jansenius : ut recte notavit Antonius Ricardus l. 1. Disputat , de lib. arbit . c. 1. Sect. 6. relati● utriusque verbis . Neque onim sensum duntaxat , sed verba fere ipsa transcripsit Jansenius . Neque tamen ( quod aequum erat ) ullam ejus mentionem facere dignatus est .

He first got himself a name in the Church , by that first and excellent Book of his De Christianarum Ecclesiarum successione & statu .

His Book De Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Primordiis , Vossius De vitiis Sermonis c. 10. cals laudatissimum opus , and it is generally well esteemed ; wherein he sifteth to the branne the Brittish Churches Antiquities .

His other Latine Works are

Veterum Epistolarum Hibernicarum Sylloge .

Ignatianarum Epistolarum Sylloge .

Ignatiana Appendix .

De veterum Symbolis . Annalium pars prima & secunda .

Epistola ad Ludovicum Capellum .

De anno veterum Macedonum .

Syntagma de Editione LXX . Interpretùm . Dissertatio de Cainane .

His English Works .

Answer to a Jesuites Challenge .

The Religion of the ancient Irish and Brittish .

A Speech in the Starre-Chamber of the Kings Supremacy .

Two Sermons , one before the King , another before the Parliament .

A Treatise of the Incarnation of Christ .

A Treatise of the Original of Bishops and Archbishops .

What Asia is that mentioned in the New Testament .

Carolus Utenhovius .

He was skilfull in the principal Languages , Hebrew , Greek , Latine , and also in the Germane , French , Italian , English .

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life .

Bonaventura Vulcanius * * Praeceptor in adolescentia meu● . Voss. De Anal. l. 1. c. 19. Meus quondam in Graecis post Franciscum Nansium praeceptor . Voss. De vi●iis Serm. l. 3. c. 16. Antiquitatum & politio●is literaturae indagator sagacissimus , cum veterum autorum optimorum monumenta plurima integritati & pristino notori restituit , atque Graecorum Latinitati donavit , tum ipse praeclara opera in omni genere artium & disciplinarum scripsit . Gesu . Biblioth. Corpus Linguae Latinae composuit , in quod veteres auctorei omnes qui de Lingua Latina scripserunt , conjecit , adductis Scholiis doctissimorum nostri temporis vi●orum , Antonii Augustini , Petri Victorii , Manutii , Scaligeri , &c. Isidori Hispalensis Episcopi Originum libros vigin●i ex antiquit●●e ●rutos , & Martiani Capell● de nuptiis Philologi● & Mercurii libros novem variis Lectionibus & Scholiis , illustravit . Anton. Sand. De ●rugensibus eruditione claris . lib. 1. Brugensis . He was the Greek Professour at Leyden .

Vir de bonis litteris optimè meritus . Pignor. Symb. Epistol. eruditissimo su● de literis & linguâ Gothorum Commentariolo . Olai Wormii literatura Danica c. 6.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life .

CHAP. VII . W

LUc. Wadingus .

There are his

Annales minorum in five Volomes in Folio , there he speaks of all learned Fryers of that order . He is much esteemed now at Rome .

Sir Isaac Wake .

The University Orator in Oxford .

There is his

Rex Pla●onicus , or Mus● regnantes .

An Oration at the Funeral of Dr Rainolds . Claruit anno 1536.

Robert Wakefield , a learned Hebrician of our own .

He wrote

Institutio Gramaticae Hebraeae .

De laudibus linguae Hebraeae .

De Hebraeorum c●dicum incorruptione .

Paraphrasis in Ecclesiasten cum Praefatione Richardi Pacei . Orationes qu●dam , cum aliis opusc .

Antonius Walaeus .

He was an orthodox and solid Divine , as his several learned Works in one Volume in Folio shew .

Waldenses . Albigensibus & Waldensibus multa per calumniam impacta fuerunt à curiae Romanae mancipiis ; quae falsò illis fuisse imposita à multis est ostensum , ut nominatim à T●u●n● Hist. sui temporis l. 6. & à Rev. Usserio , de Success . Eccles. c. 6. & 10. Mares . contra Tirin . Tom. 10. Controvers. Vide Wolfii Lect. Memorab . Centenar . 12. p. 380 , 381 , 382.

Our Historians confound the Albigenses and Waldenses , though some learned men hold they are to be distinguished .

The Walde●ses are famous for their Antiquity , Universality and Innocency .

The first original of the Waldenses came of Waldus , a man of great substance in the City of Lions . About the year of our Lord 1160. divers of the best of the City of Li●nt talking and walking in a certain place after their old accustomed manner , especially in the Summer time , conferred together upon matters . Amongst whom it chanced one ( the rest looking upon ) to fall down by sudden death . This Waldus being one of them , who beholding the matter more earnestly then the other , and terrified with so heavy an example , Gods holy Spirit working with all , was stricken with a deep and inward repentance , whereupon followed a new alteration with a carefull study to reform his former life . He admonished Foxes Acts and Monum . vol. 1 p. 199. See more there . others also to repent , and ministred large alms of his goods to such as needed . Many people therefore daily resorting to him , and he seeing them ready and diligent to learn , he began to give out to them certain rudiments of the Scripture , which he had translated himself into the French Tongue .

The Bishops seeing him so to intermeddle with Scriptures , and to have such resort about him , albeit it was but in his own house under private conference , threatned to excommunicate him , if he did not leave so to do . He despising their Excommunication , they ceased not with prison , with sword and banishment to persecute him , till at length they had driven both Waldus and all the favourers of his true preaching out of the City . Whereupon came first their name , and they were called Waldenses , or Pauperes de Lugduno , because they being thrust out both of Countrey and goods , were compelled to live poorly whether they would or no. See Doctor Chalon . Credo Ecclesiam Sanctam Catholicam . part. 2. pag. 91 , 92 , 93 , 94.

Dr Iohn Wallis , the learned Professor of Arithmetique and Geometry in Oxford , and one of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster .

There is his

Grammatic● linguae Anglicanae . Another Work in English .

Nich. Waltherus an eminent Divine in East-Frizeland .

He hath published

Spicilegium Controversiarum 22.

De SS. Dei nominibus .

Officina Biblica .

Harmonia Biblica sive Conciliator locorum Bibliorum .

Harmonia totius Scripturae . Qu● homine nihil ferè doctius , prudentius , aut candidius Belgica nostra tulit . Ex doctissimis Recitationibus ad Tit. de Appellationibus facile int●lligas , viro longè eruditissimo , nihil praeter scribendi voluntatem defuisse ; praesertim cum interioribus litteris , Graecisque tinctus esset non leviter . Auber● Miraei . Elog. Belg.

I● Wamesius .

De Appellat .

Consilia .

Samuel Ward , a learned and pious Divine .

There is his

Magnetis reductorium Theologicum .

And divers English Sermons .

Dr Samuel Ward , Professor of Divinity in Cambridge .

His Gratia discriminans is an excellent Sermon , and opposite to the Arminian Doctrine .

Sir Iames Ware .

He hath written

De Scriptoribus Hiberniae .

Antiquitates Hiberniae .

Casper Waserus , a learned Linguist .

He hath written

De antiquis n●mmis & mensuris Hebraeorum .

De nummis Ebraeis in usu Scriptor diligentissimus doctissimusque . Selder u● De Iure Naturali & Gentium l. 6. c. 17.

Dr. Gilbert Wats a learned Englishman now living .

Gulielmus * * Ut opinio est doctissimi Watsii in glos . sario , quod addidit Matthaeo Parisio , à se longè felicius recuso . Vossius De vitiis sermonis l. 2. c. 16. Clarissimus Watsius , vir cum aliis tum editione Matthai Parisii , optimè de Historia meritus . Id. De vit. Serm. l. 3. c. 1. Watsius , an English Divine , whom Vossius in his Book De vitiis Sermonis often honourably mentions .

He hath translated Austens Confessions , and added Notes to it .

Geo. Weiganmeierus .

There are these Works of his published

Iustit . Heb. Linguae per Tab.

Abbreviat . Hebr. in Com. Hebr.

Abbreviat . Hebr. explicatio .

Crinesius De Confas . Linguarum . c. 3. commends him for a most accurate writer , and mentions him with Drusius , Schindler , Buxtorf , as one of the most approved Grammarians of our age .

Mar. Frider. Wendelinus .

He hath put forth these Works

Christiana Theologia .

Admiranda Nili .

Institutiones Logicae .

Contemplationes Physicae . And some Theolog. Exercit. lately .

Io. de Wesalia . Concionator Wormaciensis , floruit circa 1470. annum . Articuli ejus fuerunt . Gratis , mera gratia per fidem in Christum salvari omnes . Liberum arbitrium nihil esse . Tantum verbo Dei credendum , non glossae aut patribus . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. Vide plura ibid.

See Foxes Acts and Monum . Vol. 1. p. 948.

There are his

Paradoxa .

Matthaeus Wesenbecius , was born at Antwerp , Anno à Salute partâ , 1531. a learned Lawyer .

Fuit Theoricus instructissimus , & practicus excellentissimus . Melch. Adam in ejus vita .

Nostri seculi alter Papinianus conjunxerat ille verae religionis studium , & professionem cum juris prudentia . Gryn . Epist. l. 1. Epist. 11.

Melchior Adam in his Life relates the manner of his conversion from Popery .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones , and Melchior Adam in his Life .

He made this Epitaph for himself before his death ,

Matthaeus placidâ sopitus pace quiesco ; Iustitiae & juris praeco Wesenbecius . Vita mihi studium fuit , impensique labores , Et dolor & gemitus , assiduaeque preces . Iova pater miserere mei , miserere meorum ; Solius in Christi sanguine nostra salus .

Wesselus Groningensis , otherwise named Basilius . Iohannes Wesselus Concionator Wormatiensis damnatur . Haeresos Moguntiae , quod de indulgentiis , Jejunio & aliis articulis quaedam à communi pontificiorum opinione aliena doceret . Ursperg . Calvis . Chron. Doctor Veselus vel Basilius eodem tempore vixit cum Ioanne de Vessalia : sed tamen fuit aliquanto junior , fueruntque mutua amicitia juncti : mortuus est anno 1490. Scribit in quadam Epistola se putare , quod mo● condemnato Vessalia ad se examinandum inquisitor sit venturus . Fuit alioqui adeo celebris ut lux mundi vulgò vocaretur . Testatur in quodam scripto suo , se Parisiis , Romae , & in multis aliis celeberrimis locis disputasse , suamque de Religione sententiam defendisse . Docuit autem fermè eadem quae & ille , nisi quòd aliquanto remissiùs , gratuitam justificationem per fidem inculcavit . Doctrinam Papisticam de tribus poenitentiae partibus reprehendit . Illyr. Catal. Test. Ver.

He preceded Luther , he was excellently learned in Physick , Divinity , in the Greek , Hebrew and Latine , and therefore of the people he was called Lux mundi , the light of the world , whom Luther was wont to call his prodromus . He demonstrated that the Pope was Antichrist , whom the Disciples of Christ ought in no wayes to follow .

He wrote a Book De dignitate & potestate Ecclesiastica , in which book , he saith , That Subjects should be absolutely and simply bound to beleeve the Pope , is so irrational and full of blasphemy , that it is found more pestilent then any heresie whatsoever .

Being aged , upon a certain time when a young man called M. Ioannes Ostendorpius , came to him , he said these words ; Well my childe , thou shalt live to that day , when thou shalt see that the doctrine of these new and contentious Divines , as Thomas and Bonaventure , with others of the same sort , shall be utterly rejected and exploded from all true Christian Divines .

And this which Ostendorpius then being young heard Weselus to speak , he reported himself to Noviomagus , which wrote this story , Anno 1520. and heard it of the mouth of the said Weselus , Anno 1490. Foxes Act. and Monum . vol. 1. p. 955 , 956.

Vide Effig . & vit. Profes . Acad. Groningae & Omlandiae .

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Matth , Westmonasteriensis , Anno Dom. 1370. Qui à collect is Chronicorum floribus Florilegi cognomen est sortitus , scriptot aetate sua non inelegans . Vir ipse erat suo seculo in omni genere bonarum literarum planè eruditus , & in his quae ad Historiam pertinent , potissimum in recta annorum supputatione eximius . Balaeus De Script . Britan. Cent. 6.

A famous Historian .

Elizabeth Weston , a learned English woman , commended by Ioseph Scaliger and Parthenicon Elizabethae Westoniae virginis nobilissimae , Poetriae florentissimae linguarum plurimarum peritissimae . l. 3. Te tantum virtutum miraculum , tot summis viris notam . Pene prius mihi contigit admirari ingenium tuum , quam nosse . Ios. Scal. Eliz Ioan West . Ianus Dousa .

She hath written a Book of Poetry called Parthenicon .

Angla vel Angelica es , vel prorsus es Angelus immo : Si sexus vetat hoc : Angelus est animus .

So Dousa , as I remember .

William Whateley , a Divine well versed in the original Text both Hebrew and Greek , a frequent and powerfull Preacher , and whose Life was answerable to his Doctrine .

There are his

Exposition of the ten Commandments .

A Care-cloath , or Treatise of the Cumbers of Marriage .

Prototypes .

And some Sermons .

Deg. Wheare , both learned and godly , he was History-Reader in Oxford . He hath published also Epistolas Eucharisticas .

He hath put out a Book , entitled ,

De ratione as methodo legendi Historias dissertatio .

Where he reckons up the several Greek and Latine Historians , and censures them , and shews the method of reading them .

Abraham Wheelock .

He was the first Arabick Professor in Cambridge .

He hath put out Beda in Latine and Saxon with Notes .

D. William Whitaker , a learned and pious Divine . He was Master of S. Iohns Praeditus erat acerimo ingenio , memoria foelicissima , multiplici lectione , summa eloquentia , quanta , unquam in Theologo uspiam fuit , denique doctissimo politissimoque judicio , adeò ut totius Academiae quasi oraculum merito haberetur , imò & orbis miraculum ; quando nullam propriam & pecullarem sententiam amplexus sit , praeter sanam doctrinam in Ecclesia Dei receptam , ut fere omnes magni nominis Theologi solem . Asht. De vita & morte Whitakeri . Annum clausit Gulielmus Vitakerus , utroque parente Lancastrensi familiâ honestâ in praedio Holmio natus , magni nominis inter suos Theologus , qui Iuelli Salisburienlis sive imitatione , sive aemulatione , cum Edmundo Campiano , Ioanne Duraeo , Thomâ Stapletono , aliis totâ vitâ scriptis disputavit , & Cantabrigiae obiit , quanquam vix XLVII . aetatis annum superasset , ita viribus defectus , ut initar infantuli pla●idè ac sine ulla convulsione spiritum efflaverit . Thuan Hist. Ex Anglico in Latinum convertit volumen Ioannis Iuelli adversus Thomam Hardingum in quo XXVII . quaestiones ex Scripturis & omnium Conciliorum ac patrum monumentis , disceptantur atque explicantur , In quarto Londini . Gesueri Biblioth . Colledge in Cambridge , and the Kings Professor in Divinity . Famous for his admirable skill in the Arts and Tongues , and for his controversal Works , especially his Confutation of Campian , Sanders , Paree , William Rainolds , Stapleton and Bellarmine .

That honour of our Schools , and Angel of our Church , learned Whitaker , then whom our Age saw nothing more memorable : What clearnesse of judgement , what sweetnesse of style , what gravity of person , what grace of carriage was in that man ? Who ever saw him without reverence , or heard him without wonder ? B. Halls 1. Dec. of Epist. Ep. 7.

All his Works are in one Volume .

Ieremy Whitaker my worthy friend , a learned and pious Divine of the Assembly lately dead , who was a man mighty in the Scriptures , of a humble melting Spirit , laborious in his ministerial function , zealous for Gods glory , and wonderfully patient in all the time of his heavy affliction .

Dr Iohn White .

He hath written the way to the true Church , and a Defence of the same , which Book is well esteemed .

Thomas White an English Papist . Tho. Albus . A Preface before Sir Kenelm Digbies Demonstratio Immortalitatis Animae .

Books written by him

Three Dialogues De mundo .

Institutiones Peripateticae ad mentem Digbaei .

Institutiones sacrae in 2. Tom.

Quaestio Praevia & mens Augustini de Gratia .

De Medio animarum statu Meditationes in Gratiam .

Sacerdotum Cleri Anglicani .

Richworths Dialogues , or the judgement of common sense in the choise of Religion .

A Catechism in Religion .

Meditations in English .

A Contemplation of Heaven : with an Exercise of Love , and A Descant on the Prayer in the Garden .

Obedience and Government .

Tabulae Suffragiales , by which it appears he wrote a piece called Sonitus Buccinae , which was condemned at Rome by the Cardinals .

Iohn Whitgift Archbishop of Canterbury .

He had an Uncle called Robert Whitgift , Abbot of the Monastery of Wellow in Lincolnshire , who teaching divers young Gentlemen , took like pains also with him . In which time ( as he was pleased often to remember ) he heard his Uncle the Abbot say , That they , and their Religion could not long continue , because ( said Sir George Paw●e in his life . he ) I have read the whole Scripture over and over , and could never finde therein , that our Religion was founded by God . And for proof of his opinion , the Abbot would alledge that saying of our Saviour Matth. 15. 13. Every plant which my heavenly Father hath not planted shall be rooted out .

He never preached , but he first wrote his Notes in Latine , and afterward kept them during his Life .

There were several writings between him and Thomas Cartwright about the Ceremonies .

CHAP. VIII .

IOhn Wicliff , a most incomparable Schoolman .

He followed William Ockam much , he is often quoted by him , and styled , Anno 1377. Ioannes Wicliffe sacrae Theologiae Professor & Ecclesiae Parochialis de Lutterworth in Leycestriae Comitatu Rector multa in Romanam curiam consuetudlnemque Oxonii disputavit , eadem è suggestu coram populo ac proceribus saepe praedicavit . Huic Lancastriae du● & è plebe permulti adbaerere coeperunt . Gregorius autem Papa veritus ne ejus suasione Angli deficerent , ad Regem , Archiepiscopum , Episcopos & Oxoniensis Academiae Cancellarium acriter scripsit , ut eum aut coercerent aut prorsus abscinderent . Antiqu●t . Britan. pag 258. Ioannes Wiclefus Anglus , in Academia Oxoniensi Theologiae Professor . Sit hoc tuum & inprimis verum & immortale decus Anglia , quamvis à te postea commaculatum , quod Ioannem Wiclefum edideris , primò ausum post multa secula Romanae meretrici securè inebritatis Europae regibus illudenti , bellum palam indicere : idque tanto successu ; ut jam tum vulnus gladio verbi divini abs te vibrato inflictum acceperit , quod ut ad tempus sanatum videri poterit , semper tamen recruduit ac tandem lethale Dei beneficio evasit . Bezae Icon. Vir. Illust. Vixit in Anglia Ioannes Uvicleuus ad annum salutis 1393. Is contra Pontificatum Romanum multa scripsit , quae post in Bohemiam delata fuerunt . Erat tùm Pragae nobilis Academia , florebat etiam ibi Ioannes Hussus professione Theologus , hic Vuiclevi doctrinam ut piam atque salutarem pro concione celebrabat , & longe lateque propagabat . Sleid. De Statu Relig. & Repub. l. 14. Vide Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 18. Baleum De Script . Britan. Cent. 6. Pezel . Mellis . Hist part. 3. Inceptor Ockam .

Iohn Hus was his Scholar he brought his Books and Doctrine into Bohemia .

He being the publick Reader in the University of Oxford , was for the rude time wherein he lived , famously reputed for a great Clerk , and expert in all kinde of Philosophy .

He flourished about the year of our Lord 1371. Edward the third reigning in England . He was called Doctor Evangelicus .

He was born in the North , and to this day some of his name and family do there yet remain , to whom I am allied .

He was brought up in Merton Colledge in Oxford , and removed thence to Queens Colledge .

He was beloved of all good men for his good life , and greatly admired of all his adversaries for his Learning and knowledge both in Divinity and humanity . He was Doctor in Divinity almost thirty years , and for some time Parson of Lutterworth in Leicestershire . See Camden there .

Divers Works of his in written-hand remain in our Oxford-Library .

He translated the whole Bible into English , with Prefaces and Arguments to every book .

In his Trialogus . or Body of Divinity , l. 4. c. 7. he saith ,

Ideo si centum essent Papae & omnes fratres essent versi in Cardinales , non deberet concedi sententiae suae in materia fidei , nisi de quanto se fundaverit in Scriptura . He also saith , Papa est abominatio desolationis in abstracto . And Ch. 36. Olim Episcopi nostri dicuntur pseudofratres tanquam Diabolos odivisse , cum in tempore Domini Armachani , dicuntur ipsum in sumplibus contra hos pseudo ordines defendisse . Sed modo facti sunt amici Herodes & Pilatus , qui prius inter se fuerant inimici .

There is also his Dialogus , and De Veritate Scripturae , and divers other Manuscripts of his well worthy the publishing .

Yet he had his errours , lib. 2. of that Book , cap. 10. he saith , Angelos adoramus .

See those Scriptures against that opinion , Deut. 4. 19. & 17. 3. Col. 2. 18. Apoc. 9. 10. & 20. 8 , 9.

He grants Purgatory also l. 4. c. 22. of that book . Yet he was the first ( saith Bale ) who in that dark age brought truth to light , and was bold openly to confesse Christ before the whole Synagogue of Satan , and to reveal the filthinesse of the great Whore .

Fuit Wicleffus sectarius plane nostrorum hodie Evangelicorum vervex , fuit omnium quae tam longe latéque grassantur , haeresion seminarium . Harpsf . Praefat. ad Histor. Anglic. Eccles.

Roger Widdrington a learned School-Divine , as his Works both in English and Latine shew . His right name was Preston , for Widdrington was a plain illiterate man . Riv. Reg. Anglic . in Hibern . defens . adversus Analect . l. 2. p. 58. He and Blackwell took the Oath of Allegiance .

He wrote to the Pope , and earnestly beg'd of him , that the Papists here might take that just Oath of Allegiance ●o the King , and refuted Bellarmine , who opposed it with strong reasons .

This Oath ( viz. of Allegiance ) according to every part and parcel of the same may be lawfully taken by any Catholick , as have averred both M. Widdrington , Sir William Howard , and others . Widdrington in his New-years-gift , hath sufficiently proved , that besides the authority of many famous Divines , it was the opinion of the chiefest secular Priests in England . Doctor Featleys Animadvers . on Vert. Rom.

Albertus Widmanstadius , a famous man , and well skilled in the Orientall Vir antiquae fidei cordatissimus Baro , Hungarus : qui eam diligentiam in linguam Syriacam addiscendam adhibuit : ut etiam sua operâ , totum Novum Testamentum habeamus , Syris Characteribus perbellè excusum , excepta tamen Apocalypsi , & Epistolis secundis Petri & Johannis , cum ea quae est Judae , quod ei tunc in manum non essent . Pet. Vict. Cajet. Palm . Paradig . Ling. Syriac . * Which were since published by De Dieu , and Mr. Pocock . Tongues .

He was Chancellor to Ferdinand the wise Prince of the Romans , and by his commandment and great liberality , was imployed in the Edition of all the New Testament in Syriack , in a fair character , save the * Apocalypse , and four Epistles , the 2 d of Peter , the 2 d and 3d d of Iohn , that of Iude , which Work was generally much esteemed by Christians .

Ioannes Wierus , a learned Germane . Laudatum multis scripsit Opus de Veneficis & sagis : in quo quantum in Theologiâ , in Jurisprudentia , Medicina , Philosophia profecerit ; re ipsa declarat ; argumenta ex illarum disciplinarum fontibus desumta adferendo . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita .

Some commend his Book De praestigiis Daemonum for a most learned and elegant piece .

Io. Wigandus , He was born at Mansfield , Anno Christi 1523. Vir fuit ingenio doctrinaque praestans , cujus vita sobria & honesta aliis esset exemplo . Erat summa humanitas in hoc Theologo cum gravitate conjuncta . Munificus quoque & liberalis in egenos . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita .

Many years before his death , he made this Epitaph for himself ,

In Christo vixi , morior vivoque Wigandus : Do sordes morti : caetera , Christe , tibi .

The sayings of the Scripture , with which he sustained himself against temptations on his death ▪ bed , were these , Ioh. 3. 16. Mat. 11. 29. 1 Ioh. 1. 7. The bloud of Iesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin .

He left many Works which are mentioned by Melchior Adam .

Andrew Willet .

A laborious godly Divine .

He printed thirty three Books .

Nigellus Wireker , an ancient Poet.

He largely toucheth the corrupt living and hypocrisie of his time , chiefly in Bishops , Priests , Abbots , Monks , Canons and Nuns : His Book is all in old Latine Verses , and is named Speculum stultorum , the glasse of fools , that every dissolute Bales second Part of the Acts of English Votaries , pag. 88. and 89. Prelate might behold his folly therein .

Ralph Winterton . Greek Professour in Cambridge .

There are his Observations on Hesiod printed , with the minor Greek Poets .

And he hath translated some others .

Io. * * Quo neque prob●orem , neque G●aece eruditiorem sua aetas tulit . Scalig. Elench. Trihaeres . Setar . cap. 23. Wolfius , Anno Christi 1537.

He was born at Zurick a famous City of the Helvetians , he was a great Philosopher and Divine , skilfull in the chief Languages , an excellent Historian .

He had learned Masters .

Andivit vir●s undiquaque doctissimos Argentorati Germaniae Tullium J Sturmium . Wittembergae politioris literaturae parentem Melancthonem : Tubingae sui seculi Philosophorum principem Jacobum Scheckium . Biturigibus Gallorum legalis prudentiae Coryphaeos Jacobum Cuiacium , Franciscum Rossardum , Antonium Contium Hugonem Donellum . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita .

He used this Symbole , Pietate & Labore , which he excellently exprest in his whole life .

His Works are mentioned by B●issard in his Icones .

That Book of his , entitled Lectionum memorabilium & reconditorum Centenarii XVI . is well esteemed . Natus anno 1516.

Hieronymus Wolphius , a general Scholler , but an excellent Grecian . Qui vertendis libris Graecis & illustrandae historiae Bizantinae tam egregiam operam navavit . Thuan. Commen ▪ De vita sua l. 2. Vide etiam ejus Hist. Tom. 3. l. 71. Et Neand. Geog. part. 1.

He was famous for his faithfull turning many Greek Authours into Latine , as Zonaras , Nicetas , Gregoras , the chief writers of the ▪ Constantinopolitan History , Isocrates , Demosthenes .

He died ex calculo litteratis ferè fatali , of that disease which is almost fatal to Students , the Stone .

Olaus Wormius , Professor of Physick in the University of Hafnia .

There are these Works of his Liber aureus Philosophorum .

Monumenta Danica .

Literatura Danica ,

Museum Wormianum in Folio .

He refers to four Classes , Rariora , quae Museum suum tenet , Fossilium , Vegetabilium , Animalium , & quae ex his Ars elaboravit .

Anthony Wotton , a learned Divine , as his Book De Iustificatione & Reconciliatione peccatorum shews .

Edw. Wotton * * Edito de differentiis animalium commentario , clarum inter litteratos adeptus nomen . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 16. Oxoniensis , quo nemo de Animalibus libros unquam scripsit doctius & elegantius , Neand. Geog. Vide Gesu . lib. de avibus . Epist. ad Lectorem . a Physician born at Oxford .

He hath written a learned Book of living Creatures .

Sir Henry Wotton Provost of Eaton Colledge .

His Works are common .

Io. Wouvverius * * Non nego profecto eos , qui religionem reformandam susceperunt , multa quae fortasse dissuenda erant , pio sed improvido Zelo ●ota rescidisse . Hoc me serio improbare apertè fateor : neque illa sententia heri aut ho●le mihi nata , sed ex illo tempore quo aliquem veri gustum sensus communis mihi suggessit . Wower ▪ Epist. Cent. 1. Epist. XL. Dominico Baudio . Iohannes à Wouweren conscripsit bene longum Panegyricum in honorem Regis Danorum . Affectavit in eo sublime & floridum simul genus dicendi . Laudandus ob generosum conatum , etsi interdum languescit , & pellucet nimis aemulatio antiquorum Multa sunt quae non ignavo lectori placere possunt . Si currum interdum non bene moderatur , magnis tamen excidit ausis . Band. Epist. Cent. 1. Epist. 83. , Councellor to the Prince of Holsatia .

He was very learned , as his Works shew , especially his Polymathi● , and his Epistle , and Book De Umbra & Syntagma , de Bibliorum interpretatione .

Some much commend his Panegyrick to the King of Denmark . Joannes à Woweren ( nosti credo hominem ) Regi Daniae optimo & incomparabili principi , optimum quoque & incomparabilem Panegyricum scripsit . Epist. Wow . Dominicus Baudius Incomparabiliamic● Ioannî à Wower .

Incomparabilis vir Joannes à Woweren , quo nemo hodie vivit , quem pluris astimem , & cujus canssamagis velim . Baud. Epist. Cent. 4. Epist. 22.

He fell off from his Religion and turned Papist .

Baudius Cent. 1. Epist. Epist. 69. Christophoro Puteano & fratribus speaks of him , homo sui oftentator magnificus . Dempto certe hoc vitio , multa habet ing enii naturaeque don● , quibus supra vulgus sapit , & illustrium vir●rum amicitiam meretur . Illud pre certo habetur cum Romae publicitus religionem abjurasse nullo metu qui in virum constantem cadere possit , sed contemptu & inscitia pietatis , vel ( quod his potentius est apud mentes praecipiti ambitione afflatas ) spe consequendae alicujus optimae largitionis . Sed , ut audio , esca elapsa est , solum hamum retinuit . Vide plura ibid.

George Wirth or Wyrth .

He professeth , that in his old age , when he had served as a Physician in Brussels , and in King Philip the second his Court many years , he applied himself to the difficult collating of the Evangelists ( being then turned Protestant ) for his last refreshing .

He hath written

De vita Christi ex quatuor Evang.

Epit. lib. reliq. N. T.

Hortulus Animae militantis .

Memoriale Apostolicum .

CHAP. IX . X

FRancis Xavier . Franciscus Xavier natione Hispanus , patria Navar●us , vir plane Apostolicus , & seculi nostri lumen , ab Urbano octavo Pontif. Maxim● glorioso Indiarum Apostoli titulo dècoratus . Epistolas admirabiles & divinae prudentiae refertissimas , quae ab H●ratio Tursellino in Latinam ●inguam ex Hispanica conversae & in libros quatuor digestae . Biblioth. Script . Socies . Ies. ab Alegambe edita . Is Ioannīc Lu●itaniae Regis rogatu ex Pontificis autoritate mi●●os in Orientem tota Indiae maritima ora inter pericula ac summos labores per●grata in penitissimas Iaponum terras verbo Dei lumen primus intulit , & magno infidelīum numero ad Christum adjuncto in ipso Sinarum aditu . Thu●n . Hist. Tom. 2. l. 36.

He is called by the Papists The great Apostle of the Indies .

Horace Turseline in his Life hath one whole Chapter , to shew how he was once beaten by the Devil , as Dr Hoyle in his Rejoynder , pag. 632 , 633 , 634. quotes out of him .

Ierome Xavier or Sciavier a Jesuite of Navarre .

He hath written the History of Christ in the Persian Language , which he dedicated to Acaba● the great Emperour of Mog●ll , and hath corrupted it with idolatrous fables and superstitions .

Ludovicus De Dieu hath turned it into Latine , and written Animadversions upon it .

Xenophon . Xenophontem vero , quis satis laudarit , nisi Xenophontis Musam in ore habuerit . Fuit hic corpore speciosus , mente sublimis , animo generosus , magnus bellator , praestans historicus , suavis Orator , non ignava opera Philosophus . Caussini Eloqu . Sac. & Human. Paral. lib. 1. cap. 35. Attica Musa & Apes Attica ob melleam dicendi suavit●tem nuncupatus , cujus etiam voce Musas quasi locutas vulgò ferri solitum testatur Cicero in Oratore . Whear . De Methodo Leg. Hist. part . 1. Sect. 10. Vide Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 1. c. 5.

Auctor ille praecaeteris decori observantissimus , & qu●m non minu● quàm Platonem Cicero sequitur . Naudaeus De Studio Militari . l. 1. p. 188.

His Works are in Greek and Latine in two Tomes .

Scipio Africanus had alwayes with him his books of the institution of Cyrus King of Persia.

Francis Ximenes Cardinal , the Archbishop of Toledo . Franciscus Ximenius Cardinalis cujus pietati & animi magnitudini tantum Hispania debet . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 10. Lib. XI . Illa ad omne aevum duratura Bibliorum Editio . Id. ibid. Hispanus ordinis Minorum ex Archiepiscopo Toletan● Cardinalis , Complutensis Academiae institutor , cum Hebraicae & Chaldaicae linguae peritissimus esset , sacra Biblia variis linguis Chaldea , Hebraea , Graeca & Latina Compluti summa accuratione Tomis 6. imprimi curavit . Leonique X. succulenta praefatione apposita demissè dicavit . Nomenclat . Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalium .

He is famous for the Biblia Complutensia , and for the magnificent University at Complute , which he built at his own charge .

Io. Xiphilinus . Anno Aerae Christianae . 1056. Helv. Chron.

There is his

Epitome Dionis Gr. & Lat.

William Xylander . Gulielmus Xylanderus Augustanus utriusque linguae apprime peritus , & omnis antiquitatis ac literaturae cum paucis hujus aevi compa●andus , dum vixit cum sua egestate luctatus atque ob id fami non famae scribere existimatus . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 6. Utriusque linguae app●ime gnarus , ad haec Philosophiae & Mathematicarum arrium doctrina praestans vir . Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 35. Fuit ingenii subtilitate , judicii perspicacitate , memoriae foelicitate eximia praeditus : ●aro opus ullum solitus absolvere prius , quam typographis traderet : tantumque lucubrando semper promovit ; quantum illi imprimendo absolverent . Nec unam interim rem solam unquam agebat : sed plura simul succe●●u felicissimo tractabat : & quia in animo & memoria meditationes suas servabat , ideo in chartis panca admodum annotabat . Logicus , Poeta , Mathematicus , Musicus , Historicus , Physicus , Latine , Graece & Hebraice doctus . Melch Ad. in ejus vita .

He was born Anno 1530.

He was very skilful in the Latine and Greek , and in all Antiquity and Learning scarce to be matched with any in his time .

He was both a faithfull and diligent Professour of the Greek at Hidelberg .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones , and by Melchior Adam in his Life .

CHAP. X. Y

Dr. THomas Young , a Member of the Assembly of Divines , and a learned Divine .

One very well versed in the Fathers .

He was the Authour of that excellent Treatise , entitled Dies Dominica , and one of those five that made SMECTYMNUUS .

CHAP. XI . Z

FRanciscus Zabarella , a famous Canonist and Cardinal of Rome . He publickly Frautiscus de Zabarabellis Natione Patavinus , Ecclesiae Romanae Presbyter Cardinalis , vir in jure Canonico eruditissimus , & tam in divinis scripturis quam in secularibus literis nobiliter doctus , ingenio subtilis & clarus eloquio . Trithem . De Script . Eccles. Vixit circa annum 1406. Scriptum quoddam de Schismate & Concilio , acutum sane & eruditum , & liberum , contra Papae errores ac tyrannidem scripsit . Wolfii Lect. Memor. Tom. 1 ● . Editum est ejus scriptum quoddam de schismate & concilio acutum sanè & multa in eo contra Papae errores ac tyrannidem scribit . Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 19. Pontificio , ac Cesareo Jure , nec non dicendi facultate adeò insignis , ut meritò inter aevi sui oratores , Jurisperitos , & Ecclesiae Antistites principem obtineat locum . Tomasini Illust. Vir. Elog. Non vereretur ille dicere , defensores Papae ita jus Canonicum suis glossis corrupisse , ut nihil tam illicitum sit quod sibi licere non credant ; quippe quem supra Deum ipsum extulerint . Morn . Myst. Iniquit . interpreted the Law at Padua and Florence , and wrote most learnedly on the Decretals , Clementines , of Canonical hours , of Schism .

Extant ornatissimae orationes , & plurimae , quas variis de rebus inter praesentes habuit . Itemque alio volumine elegantiores Epistolae collectae , quas scripfit ad absentes : Omnium verò libros oratorum , ac Poetarum , Historicorum quoque , qui sunt apud nos cogniti , & habentur in usu , ita diligenter legerat , ut eiam familiares haberet . Bernardinus Scardeonius De Clar. Iurecons . Pat.

He died at Constance , being commended highly in a funeral Oration by Poggius an eloquent man .

Iacobus Zabarella , a good Philosopher . Iacobus Zabarella nobilis Patavinus . Ad eloquentiam primùm & Graecas literas natua duce ferri visus est : dein ad Logicam , & Mathematicam facultatem , quòd iis studiis mira faelicitate proficiens , haud obscurum suae professionis specimen datet . Tomas . Illust. Vir. Elog.

He hath written several Logical and Physical Tracts .

Zaccutus Lusitanus . These are his Works

De Hist. Principum Medicorum , praxis Historiarum pharmacopaea & praxis medica admir . Fol. 2. Vol.

Hieronimus Zanchius , a solid and pious Divine .

He was one of the most Scholastical among the Protestants .

His Works are in three Tomes in Folio .

Iosephus Zarlinus , a famous Musician . Musicae artis scientiâ , quam doctissimis illustravit Commentariis , clarissimus Thuanus Hist. Tom 5. lib. 122.

Ioannes Ulricus Zasius , Anno Dom. 1461. Hulricus vel Ud●lrichus Zasius patriam habuit Constantiam urbem celebrem Sueviae . Ab ineunte aetate Philosophiae & studiis bonarum disciplinarum operam dedit . Postea Jurisprudentiae summa diligentia incumbens , in ea perfectissim●m cognitionem acquisivit . Boissard . Icones , & Boxhorn . Monum . Illust. Vir. & Elog.

Humani juris intelligentia cum exactissimis scriptoribus conferendus , saith Paulus Iovius of his Father .

One of the chief Germane Lawyers .

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Bibliotheca , and Melchior Adam in his Life .

He put out his Fathers Book Responsorum singularium , and the second part Singularium intellectuum .

Zenodotus .

Vixit sub Prolom●s . primo ejusque praesuit Bibliothecae : sed caussae satis non video cur inter historicos debeat referri . Nam ver sificatos ▪ quidem & Grammaticus fuit , primusque Homerum emendate est aggressus , nobilis criticus , unde Biba●●lus ▪ in Catonem ,

En cor Zenodoti , enjecur Cratetis .

Sed cur historicum putent aliqui nondum liquet . Imò ne illud quidem apertum est , an hujus ●ant Zenodoti . Voss. De Histor. Graec. ● . 1. c. 11.

Guliel Zepperus , a learned Protestant Writer .

There are several Works of his

De politia Ecclesiastica .

Legum Mosaicarum forensium explanaetia .

Ars. habendi & audiendi conciones .

Sylva Hom. in Textus Dom.

De Sacramentis .

Iacobus Zieglerus . Quis eo Latinas literas , ● quo Roman● arm● penet●a●re ●● qui ●●rint , porvenisse●n●n miretur ? Paul . Iov . Eiog . Doct. Vir. Vide Pier. Valer. Hiorog . ● 6. c ▪ 16.

He was born and brought up among the Gothes , yet wrote pure Latine . He was skilfull in the Mathematicks .

De Christierno 20 R. Denmarcheae Christiani Daniae R. attenta in Sueciam cum clade urb●s Hulmiae .

Bernard Zigler , Bernardus Zigler eximius Theologus , genere , virtute , doctrina , pietate praestans . Camerar . Proaem ▪ ad Roman .

Zoilus .

Aelianus l. 11. V●r Hist. c ▪ 10. docet vocatum fuisse Canem Rhetoricum : Rhetoricum quidem , quia sophista esse● , & eleganti dictione uteretur : Canem autem , quia stylo mordaci adlatraret summos viros : atque adeò Homerum ipsum , adversus quem Grammatica quaedam libris IX . scripsit , ut Suidas indicat . Indeque sactum , ut omnes alienarum ●audum obtrectatores , Zoili dicerentur . Ovid l. 1. De Remed. Amor.

Ingenium magni livor detrectat Homeri Quisquis es , ex illo , Zoile , nomen habes .

Etiam adversus Platonem , & Isocratem , calamum strinxit , ut ex eodem Aeliano , ac Suida , constat ▪ Voss. De Histor. Graec. lib. 1. cap. 15.

Iohannes Zonar as a Greek Monk , he flourished Anno Dom. 1120. Vixit & scripsit post annum Domini ▪ millesimum & centesimum ▪ ut patet ex ejus annalibus . Forbes . Instruct. Histor. Theol ▪ l. 5. c. 17. Historiam Catholicam scripsit , ab initio mundi ad sui aevi Imperatoris Ale●●● Commonii obitum . Eam in tres tomos dispertivit . Whear . Meth. Leg. Hist. part . 1. Sect. 23.

He wrote three Books of Annals , in which he comprehended Universal History from the beginning of the world even to the death of Alexius Comenus Emperour of the Grecians , who died Anno 1118.

His History in Greek and Latine is in three Tomes .

Zosimus . Zosimus Imperii declinationem descripsit , ab Octavia●o Gaesare exorsus ▪ ad , urbe●● à Gothis ▪ Ala●ico duce , captam , libris sex . Vixit tempore Theodosii Iuuioris ▪ Dictio ejus brevis , perspicua , pura & suavis . Ita de eo Photius ▪ Homo fuit quidem Paganus , atque inde principes Christianos frequenter ●ug●at . Whear . Method . Leg. Hist. civil . part . ● Sect. 23.

There is his History in Greek and Latine , in six Books .

Dr Richard Zouch , a learned Civilian of Oxford .

There are his

Elementa Iuris prudentiae .

Descriptio Iuris & Iudicii feudalis , &c.

The Dove of Cosmography .

Vigilius Zuichemus . Doctissimus ipse & eruditorum fautor egregius . In Italiam venienti , nec opinanti , de superiore loco Caesareas institutiones interpretandi provincia à Patavinis demandatur . Hic praeclaros illos libros in X. Tit. qui de Testamentis Commentarios adornavit ; sibique non tam popularis aurae captandae , quam bene de Republica merendi studio excidere passus est . Quo quidem libro . si molem spectes , in speciem fortasse exiguo ; sin : erum utilitatem ponderumque momenta aestimes , diffusis aliorum voluminibus anteponendo Italiam qua patet , doctrinae fama conturbavit , & praeclarum illud Alciati Elogium promeruit , Magnaespo● altera Romae Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica . Vide ●uffrid . Pet. De Scriptoribus Frifiae Decadem Duodecimam .

He had all those accomplishments which are required in a compleat Professour of the Law , being very much versed in the Theory and practice of the Law . He had an exact knowledge of the Circle of the Arts , and of History , he had skill in the Greek , Latine , the Germane , French and Italian Tongues .

Theodorus Zuingerus . Celeberrimi Doctoris Iacobi Zuingeri filius , & magni Theodori nepos . Tossan . De vita & obitu Ioannis Buxtorf . Theodo rum Zuingerum Basilia protulit natum anno Christi , millesimo , quingentesimo , trigesimo tertio . Scripta quae edidit , sunt partim Historica & Philologica , partim Medica : & inter illa quidem familiam ducit ingens illud Theatrum : quo totam hanc vitam , quae humanae sunt considerationis , mi●â inveniendi felicitate , singulari disponendi industriâ & delectu exemplorum ita proposuit facilè ut appareat , auctorem methodi fuisse , si quisquam alius nunc est , studiosum & artificem summum . Melch. Ad. in ejus vita .

His great Work , entitled Vita humanae theatrum , got him a great name .

Basilius Amberbachius hearing of his death , broke out with sighs into these words ▪ Piget me vivere post tantum virum : cujus magnafuit doctrina ; s●d exigna , si cum pietate conferatur . It irks me to live after so great a man , whose Learning was great , but small if it be compared with his piety .

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue .

Iacobus ▪ Zuingerus . Anno Christi 1569 Fuit vir bonus , doctus , pius ▪ qui laboriosa vitae ratione Spartam suam ornavit : & lucubrationibus reipub . literariae subservire conatus est . Melch. Ad. in ejus . vita .

The Son of the afore-named Zuingerus .

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam .

There is his

Principiorum Chymicorum examen .

Huldricus Zuuinglius , Anno 1487. Natione Helvetius , vir-verè pius & solide doctus , cum in omni literarum genere , tum in sacra Philosophia , & tribus linguis eruditissimis , Latina inquam , Graeca & Hebraica , atque in vernaculo , id est , Germanico sermone disertissimus , immortali laude apud omnem posteritatem dignus : quem adolescens olim Vetus Testamentum Latine Tiguti enarrantem , & in Ecclesiis Germanice verbum Dei enucleantem , audivi : sed pron dolor nimium brevi tempore . Gesu . Biblioth. Zuinglius etiam vir fortis alioquin & animo●us , cum secum reputaret , quod si domi resideret , ac praelium fortè fieret adversum , fore , ut magnam ipse sustineret invidiam , quasi concionibus quidem accendere● hominum animos , in ipso autem discrimine mollesceret , voluit omnino Communem subire mortem . In corpus autem exanim● adeo faevitum fuit , & vix etiam illi●● morte potuit odii acerbitas exaturari . Natus erat annos quadraginta quatuor , junior Luthero quatuor anni● . Sleid. De Statu Relig. & Reipub. Comment. lib. 8. Repertus est multis vulneribus confectus Zuinglius ▪ ●q●i primus ad He●ve●●os attulit pestifera Lutheranorum dogmata ▪ e●sque ob singulatem , qua maxime inter Helvetios florebat , opinionem vi●●utis , doctrinae & sapientiae , assidue imperitorum animos imbuebat : cognitum postea est , pagum qui Tigurinus appellatur , quique omnium infidelium habetur caput , ex CCC . Senatoribus , ad septem tantúmque eo confecto praelio esse redactum . Sadolet . Epist. l 7. Accolitus Sadoleto . Vide Epist. Oecolamp ▪ & Zuing. lib. 4. pag. 211.

As Germany admired her Luther , so Helvetia her Zuinglius .

He was skilfull in the Greek and Hebrew Tongues , though hard to be go● at that time , using the best Professours : he had a great memory , being able to repeat Valerius Maximus and St Paul by heart , whose Epistles he had copied out . He frequently disputed with both . Papists and Catabaptists , whereof Franciscus Lambertus then a minorite Fryer being one , was ( as he thankfully acknowledged ) hereby reclaimed , and became afterwards a great Light in the Church .

Stando confecit omnia sua studia , certas eis vendican● horas , quas etiam non emisit nisi seriis coactus . A summo mane ad horam decimam lectioni , interpretationi , doctrinae , Osvaldus Myconius De vita & obitu Zuinglii . Vide plura ibid. scriptioni dabat operam , prout temporis & rerum postulabat ratio . Post prandium audiebat vel narrantes , vel consilia rogitantes , aut confabulabatur , aut deam bulabat cum amicis , usque ad horam secundam , hinc etiam reditus ad labores . Post Coenam ubi paulisper deambulasset , fere literis scribendis vocabat , interdum ad mediam usque noctem nihil agens aliud .

The Tigurins being compelled to warre against their enemies , Zuinglius was slain in the battel .

It is the manner of Zurick , that when they go forth in warfare , the chief Minister of their Church goeth with them . Zuinglius also of himself being a man of a stout and bold courage , considering that if he should tarry at home , and they should go by the worse , what displeasure he should sustain , as one that in his Sermons would encourage , and himself faint , when any danger was ; would needs take such part as others .

Sir Thomas More in his Preface to the Confutation of Tyndals Answer , hath this bitter passage , Zuinglius that first brought into Switzerland that abominable Heresie against the blessed Sacrament of the Altar , was by the hand of God this year slain in plain battel against the Catholiques , with many a thousand of his wretched Sect , being in number to the Catholiques three against one , and as proudly , and with his malicious purpose invading them , as ever did the Egyptians pursue the children of Israel .

His Works are published in four Tomes , mentioned by Boissard ,

After his body was cut first in four peeces , and then consumed with fire , three dayes after his death his friends came to see whether any part of him was remaining , where they found his heart in the ashes whole and unburned .

FINIS .

AN ALPHABETICAL TABLE . A ABarbinel , p. 105 His name is written several wayes . The best Jewish Expositor , and the time when he flourished . ibid. Abbot Bishop of Salisbury , 106 Which of his Works are best liked , ib. Abelardus . 106 Of great note in his time . ibid. Abraham taught the Mathematicks first among the Chaldeans . 40 Academies , 65 How called now and heretofore , ibid. Were alwayes built in some famous City , ibid. Four weighty causes of them , 65 , 66 Set up in many places , 66 Acontius . 107 Accursius . 106 , 107 When he flourished , 106 The first that wrote a Glosse upon all the Civil Law , 107 Adrian the Emperour a learned Prince and great Grecian , 107 Pope Adrian the fourth , an Englishman , born at St Albans , 107 Kill'd with a Fly , ibid. Pope Adrian the sixth a poor mans son of Utrecht , 107 A learned man , ibid. Would not change his name when made Pope . ibid. Thought to be poysoned , ibid. Adversaria , what . 344. m. Aegidius Romanus , when he lived , 108 Aelian , when he lived , 108 His Books liked , ibid. Paulus Aemylius of Verona , an eloquent Writer , 108 Spent thirty years about his History , ib. Aeneas Sylvius , after Pope Pius the second , when he lived , 108 Very learned , ibid. Preferred a General Councel before the Pope , till he was made Pope , ibid. Ioannes Aepinus , 108 Aeschines the Orator , ibid. His contest with Demosthenes , ibid. Aeschylus the Tragedian , 109 He first published Tragedies , and was slain by the shell of a Tortoise on his head . ibid. Agapetus Diaconus , a learned and holy man . ibid. Agobardus , when he lived . 109 Rodolphus Agricola a great Scholler , ibid. Verses made on him by Hermolaus Barbarus , ibid. Georgius Agricola a learned man also , ibid. Henricus Cornelius Agrippa a great Scholler , but too much given to Magick , ibid. Ainsworth , a learned Expositor . 110 D. Alabaster an excellent Poet , ibid. Albategnius a famous Mathematician , ibid. Albertus Magnus a great Scholler , ibid. Leander Albertus a learned man , ibid. Leo Bapt. Albertus a learned man of the same Family . 110 Gabriel Albaspinaeus a great Antiquary . ibid. His Epitaph . ibid. Edmund Albertine a learned Protestant Divine , ibid. Albon-Hall in Oxford . 99 Alchimy what , 52 , 53 Alchimists , why obscure , 206 Alcoran , the word of God with the Turks 8 It is written in Arabick verse , and stuft with fopperies , ibid. Andrew Alciate , the first that wrote learned Notes on the Civil Law , 111 A very learned man , ibid. Verses of him by Arias Montanus and Stephanus Paschasius , ibid. Flaccus Albinius , or Alcuinus , a learned Englishman , Schoolmaster of Charles the Great , and one of the Founders of the University of Paris , ibid. Was not Bedes Scholler , ibid. Ulysses Aldrovandus hath written learnedly of all living Creatures , 112 Hieronymus Aleander a very learned Cardinal . ibid. Had a great memory , ibid. Alexander the Great , a great Scholler and Souldier both , ibid. Aristotles Scholler , ibid. He laid Homers Iliads still under his pillow when he slept , 225 There were two learned Alexanders , ibid. marg . Alexander de Hales an Englishman of Glocestershire , and a great Schoolman , 112 He wrote a copious Summe of Divinity , ibid. Alexander Alesius a Scotchman of later times , and a great Divine , ibid. Alexander ab Alexandro a Lawyer of Naples , ibid. Alexandria famous for the profession of Physick , 45 Alhazen a famous Writer of Opticks , 112 Leo Allatius a natural Grecian , and great Scholler , ibid. Muhamedes Alfraganus a great Hebrew Astronomer , 113 Alfred King of England , learned himself , and an encourager of learned men , ibid. Algebra a famous invention in Arithmetique , 41 Thomas Allen a learned man , 113 Peter de Alliaco a Romish Cardinal , a famous Mathematician and Divine , ibid. All-Souls ▪ Colledge in Oxford , 97 Alphonsus King of Arragon a great Astronomer and advancer of Learning , 113 Petrus Alphonsus , a Jew who turned Christian , ibid. And why he was called Peter , and why Alphonsus , ibid & 114 Iohn Henry Alsted industrious , but a great Collector , ibid. D. Henry Alting , ibid. Escaped a great danger ibid. Henry Alting his Son , ibid. Didacus Alvarez a famous Spanish Divine , and orthodox for the most part about Predestination , ibid. Sixtinus Amama , a learned and modest Dutchman , ibid. Ambrose Bishop of Milane , ibid. His answer to Theodosius the Emperor ibid. A swarm of Bees setled on his face when he was an infant , ibid. When he flourished , ibid. Was a Christian and Divine together , ibid. Dr. Ames a judicious and solid Divine , 115 Amiraldus a learned French Divine , ibid. Gulîelmus de Sancto Amore , a valiant Champion of Christ , ibid. Ammonius Alexandrinus a great Philosopher , ibid. Amphilochius , when he flourished , ibid. Andcreon a famous French Poet , ibid. Annals , what they are , and how they differ from History , 46. m. Annals of Baronius usefull but faulty , 128 Anastasius the Popes Library-keeper , 115 Anastasius Synaita , when he lived , ibid. He had several names , ibid. Petrus Ancharanus or Ancorananus , when he flourished , ibid. Bishop Andrews , ibid Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury , the first that forbad Priests Marriage , 116 When he flourished , ibid. Two Anselms , one the author of the Interlineary Glosse , ibid. Marcus Antoninus Emperor , the greatest Philosopher of his time , 116 Why he was called Pius , ibid. Antoninus of Florence when he lived , ibid. Marcus Antonius de Dominis , 116 Marcus Antonius of Genua , ibid. Alex. Aphrodisaeus , one of the first Interpreters of Aristotle . ib. Petrus Apianus a famous Mathematician 116 Petrus Aponensis or Aponius , a great Physician and Philosopher , 116 , 117 Apollinaris the Father and Son both Hereticks , 117 Sidonius Apollinaris , when he lived , ibid. Apollonius a Roman Senator and Martyr 117 Apollonius Pergaeus a great Mathematician 117 Apollonius Rhodius , why called Rhodius , ib. He wrote Argonantica . ibid. Appianus Alexandrinus when he lived , ib. Apulcius a Platonick Philosopher , and learned Writer , ibid. Aquila converted from Judaism , he translated the Old Testament into Greek , 118 When he flourished , ibid. Thomas Aquinas born at Aquinus in Italy . ibid. His witty Answer to Pope Innocent 3. 232 A great Schoolman . 118 Why called the Angelical Doctor , 118 How he got his knowledge , ibid. He was intent upon his studies , 118 Verses of him , ibid. When he lived , ibid. Arabick Language , 59 , 60 Very ancient , of large extent , elegant , profitable and easie , ibid. Near to the Hebrew , Chaldee and Syriack , 60 Aratus an ancient Poet. 118 Archimedes a famous Mathematician , ib He was very much addicted to the study of the Mathematicks , ibid. & 119 His Sphere , ibid. Peter Aretine called Divine Aretine , yet a wanton Writer , ibid. Leonardus Aretinus , a learned Historian , Orator and Philosopher . ibid. Benedictus Aretius famous for three Works , ibid. Architas Tarentinus the greatest Mathematician of his time , ibid. Ioannes Argyrophylus a great Scholler , ibid. Ioannes Argenterius a learned Physician , but too censorious , ibid. Aristophanes , a great Comedian , the first that called himself Philologus , 119 An obscene Writer , esteemed by Chrysostom , ibid. Gregorius Arimine●sis sound in the Doctrine of Grace and Free-will , ibid. When he lived , ibid. Aristotle born at Stagira , Plato's Scholler , Alexanders Master , a great Philosopher , and the chief of Peripateticks , 120 He invented and perfected the Art of Logick , ibid. Arithmetique what it is , its excellency , and who first brought it into an Art , 41 Armachanus a great Schollar , and an enemy to Fryers , brought up in Oxford 120 Why Petavius cals the Jansenians Armachani , 229 Iacobus Arminius a learned man and of a strict life : 120 Arnobius a great Rhetorician , Lactantius his Master , 121 When he lived , ibid. Arnoldus de Villa-Nova a learned Spaniard , ibid. When he lived , ibid. Arrianus a faith●ull Greek Historian , ibid. He imitates Xenophon , ibid. Art , what an Art is , and how the Arts are distinguished , 36 , 37 The Liberal Arts why so called , and which are they , ibid. What authors are to be read in all Arts , 37 Arzabel a great Astronomer . 121 Asconius Pedianus a famous Historian , 121 Roger Ascham Secretary to Queen Elizabeth , the only Englishman who hath written a Volume of Latine Epistles , ibid. When he flourished , ibid. Aspasia a learned woman , ibid. Astrolabe by whom invented , 221 Astrology distinguished from Astronomy , and condemned , 50 , 51 Astronomy , 43 Athanasius Bishop of Alexandria , the Maul of Hereticks , 121 Why called Great , ibid & 122 When he lived , 121. m. Athenagoras a Philosopher , who wrote an Apology for Christians , 122 Athenaeus , when he lived , ibid. Casaubone hath written learned Notes on him . 122 Athens , 67 , 68 Ioannes Aventinus when he was born , 122. Commended , ibid. Avignion , 84 Averroes a Commentator upon Aristotle 122. When he flourished , ibid. Avicenna a famous Philosopher and Physician . When he lived , 45. & 122 Augustine Bishop of Hippo , 122 The most accomplished that ever wrote since the Apostles times , ibid When he was born , ibid. Famous for two Works . 123 He well confutes the Pelagians , Papists , Brownists and Socinians . ibid. His Books De Doctrina Christiana , and De civitate Dei commended , but his Comment on the Psalms is most disliked , ibid. Antonius Augustinus a great Scholler , ibid Ioannes Auratus the Kings Professor for Greek in Paris , and the chiefest Poet of his time , 123 , 124 Decius Ausonius a learned French Poet , Master to Gratian the Emperor , 124 Azo a great Lawyer , ibid. Azorius a learned Jesuite . ib. Mart. ab Azpilzeuta a learned Casuist , ib. B ROger Bacon a great Mathematician , but no Magician . 125 Sir Francis Bacon a great Philosopher , ib. Iohn Baconthorp or Bacon a learned Englishman , ibid. Iodocus Badius Ascensius a learned Philosopher , Physician and Poet. ibid. Paul Bain a judicious Divine . 125 Roger Bain a learned Englishman , Professour of the Hebrew at Paris , ibid. He hath written on the Proverbs of Salomon , Francis Balduine a Protestant first , but fell off afterward to Popery , 126 An Epitaph of him , ibid. Baldus Perusinus a famous Lawyer and Scholler to Bartolus , 126 When he flourished , ibid. Bernardinus Baldus Urbinas a great Artist and Linguist , 126 Iohn Bale one of the first English Protestant Preachers in the time of King Henry the 8 th . 125 D. Humfries Verses of him . His Works , ib. M. I. Ball a learned and pious Divine , 126 Baliol. Colledge , 96 Balsac an eloquent Frenchman , 126 Theodor● Balsamon one of the chief of the Greek Canonists . ib. Dominic . Bannes a famous Dominican . ib. William and Iohn Barclay , 127 Francis Barbarus a learned Venetian , ib. Hermolaus Barbarus one of the great restorers of Learning , ibid. Petrus Angelus Bargaeus a learned Poet , ib. Peter Baro , ibid. Gaspar Barlaeus a great Poet , ibid. Caesar Baronius . 127 , 128 Iustus Baronins changed his name , ibid. Robert Baronius a learned Scotchman , ib. Verses of him , ibid. Gul. Sallustius Bartasse an excellent French Poet. ibid Gaspar Barthius a learned Germane . ibid. Bartolu● de Saxoferrato a great Lawyer , 129 Basil the Great , 129. Why so called , ib. Basil Bish. of Seleucia , when he lived , 129 Basil an University , when founded , 68 Dominious Baudius an elegant Poet , 129 Bernardus Bauhusius made a Book of the Virgin Mary by changing one Verse a 1022 wayes , 129 Martinus Becanus a learned Jesuite , ibid. Christoph. Beckman a learned Linguist , ib. Beda an Englishman , the learnedst man of his time , 130 Why called venerable , 130 William Bedwell , skilfull in the oriental Tongues , 130 W. Bedle a learned Bishop of Ireland , 131 Robert Bellarmine commended , 131 William Bellay , 132 Francis de Belleforest , a learned French Historian , 132 Petrus Bellonius , 132 Peter Bembus a learned Venetian and Cardinal . 132 , 133 R. Benjamin a famous Jewish Geographer . ib. Antonius Benivenius , 133 Paulus Benius . 133 Berengarius a learned Frenchman , the first that was counted an heretick for denying Transubstantiation . ib. Bernard , when he lived . 133. A learned Writer in those obscure dayes . 133 , 134 Philippus Beroaldus , 134 Two Philippi Beroaldi both Bononians , and of the same age , and learned , ibid Matthaeus Beroaldus both learned and pious . ib. Bertramus a learned man . 134 Bonaventure Cornelius Bertram a famous Hebrician , 135 Bessarion made Cardinal for his Learning 135. He and two others brought Greek and pure Latine into Europe , ibid. Xystus Betul●ius a learned Writer , ibid. Theodore Beza commended , 135 Bibles divers , 136 , 137 Theodorus Bibliander a good Linguist , 137 Gabriel Biel , 137 Nicolas Biesius a learned Dutchman . ibid. Hier. Bignonius , 137 Eberardus Bilichius , 137 Iacobus Billius Prunaeus a great Grecian , 138 Thomas Bilney , 138 Bishop Bilson rose by his Learning , 138 Laelius Bisciola a learned Italian , 138 Bilibaldus Pirkheimerus , a great Mathematician , 138 Peter Blesensis , 138 Davil . Blondel a learned French Divine ; 138 Flavius Blondus a famous Historian and Secretary to many Popes , 138 Ludovicus Blosius a good Linguist , 138 Iohn Boccace a famous Poet of Hetruria , but too obscene , 138 Trajanus Boccalinus an elegant Italian , 139 Samuel Bochart , a learned French Divine , 139 Iohn ▪ Bodin a judicious Papist , 139 Sir Thomas Bodly a great Scholler and prudent Statist , 139 Skilfull in the oriental Tongues , the great Founder of the publick Library at Oxford , 140 His Arms , ibid. Bisanson , 86 Boetius Severinus , when he lived , and why called Severinus , 140 He was a great Peripatetick , slain by Theodoricus King of the Goths , ibid. Iohn Bois a good Grecian and Divine , 140 Hath published learned Notes on Chrysostom , ibid. Daniel Bombergus a famous Printer , who hath printed many excellent works 140 Bonaventure called a Seraphical Doctor , 141 His Opuscula commended by Gerson , 141 Alexander of Hales his Speech of him , and when he flourished , ibid. Why he was called a Saint by Thomas Aquinas , though living , and when he was canonized by the Pope , 141 Franciscus and Lazarus Bonamicus . 141 Books , The benefit of good Books , 30 D. Boot a learned Dutchman , 141 His Works commended , 141 , 142 Cardinal Borromaeus , 141 Franciscus Bosquetus a learned Lawyer , 141 He hath written a History of the French Popes , ib. Henry de Bracton , a learned Lawyer , 142 Iohn Bradford a learned and holy Martyr 142 William Bradshew a learned Divine , 142 Thomas Bradwardine Archbishop of Canterbury , and Confessor to King Edward the 3d d 142 He opposed the Arminian Doctrine stoutly in those times , 142 Henricus Brandius a learned and pious Divine , 142 Tycho Brahe a Danish Knight , a great Astronomer , 142 Bredah , 74 Edw ▪ Brerewood , the first Astronomy Lecturer in Gres●am-Colledge , 143 Iohn Brentius a learned Divine , 143 Guido de Br●s , a French Martyr , 143 Henry Brigges a famous Mathematician and pious , 143 Thomas Brightman a learned and godly Divine . 143 Iohn Brinsley a learned man , 143 Barnabas Brissonius the learned Chief Justice of France , ib. Paschasius his Verses of him , ib. Iohn Briton a great Lawyer . 143 Erasmus Brockman a learned Lutheran . 143 Ioannes Brodaeus a man of stupendious reading , and incredible memory , ib. Sir Robert Brook , a great Lawyer , 144 Hugh Broughton a great Hebrician and Grecian , but injudicious and haughty , ibid. Christopher Brower a learned man , 144 Henricus Brucaeus a great Geometrician ▪ ibid. Fr. Lucas Brugensis a famous Popish Divine , 144 Petrus Brunellus , 144 Guil. Bucanus , 144 George Buchanan a famous Scotch Poet and Historian , 144 Verses of him , ib. Martin Bucer a judicious Commentator , 145 Abraham Bucoltzer a good Chronologer , 145 Iohn Buckeridge , 145 William Budy , when and where born , 146 He accused the Pope , Bishops and Priests before Luther , 145 Buchanans Distich and Paschasius his Verses of him , 145 , 146 Io. Bugenhagius , 146 Henry Bullenger , 146 Henry Bunting , 146 Aegidius Burdinus , 146 Francis Burgersdicius , 146 Paulus Burgensis , a converted Jew , 146 Walter Burley , the Master of King Edward the 3d. 146 Iohn Buridan , 146 Burgundius , 146 Part of his Epitaph , ib. Robert Burhill , 147 Anne du Burg a learned Lawyer and Martyr , 147 A●gerius Busbequius a great Embassador and learned man , 147 Ioannes Busaeus , 147 Iohn Buxtorf , the Father and Son both learned Hebricians , 147 C CAbbalistical Arts condemned , 53 Iulius Caesar a great Souldier and Scholler , 148 , 149 Thomas de Vio Cajetanus a learned and candid Popish Cardinal , 148 Caius Colledge in Cambridge , 53 Iohn Caius a learned Doctor of Physick , 148 Taxed . 100 , 101 Domitius Calderinus Veronensis , a good Grammarian . 149 Ambr. Calepinus , 149 Georgius Calixtus a most learned man , ib. Iohn Calvin a most learned and judicious Divine , 149 , 150 Sethus Calvisius a learned Chronologer , ib. Giraldus Cambrensis , 150 Cambridge , 100 , 101 , 102 Not founded by Cantaber , 100 Nor Sigebert . ibid. Bede read not there . ibid. William Camden our British Pausanias , 150 Ioach. Camerarius the great Light of Germany , 151 Philippus Camerarius , 151 Iohn Cameron a learned Scotchman , 151 Io. Camers , 151 Thomas Campanella , 151 Thomas and Laurence Campegius , 151 Ioannes Campensis , 152 Edmund Campian , a good Orator , 152 Cane , 85 Angelus Caninius a good Linguist , 152 Henry and Peter Canisius , 152 William and Theodore Canter , both learned men , 152 Melchior Canus a learned and ingenious Spaniard , 152 , 153 Ierom Capivacceus or Capivacca a famous Professor of Physick in Padua , 153 Iacobus and Ludovicus Cap●llus both learned French men , 153 Ludovicus Carbo , 153 Ierome Cardane , a great Scholler , 153 George Carleton , 153 Iohn Carion , 154 Charles the Great , why so called , 154 Charles the 5th and 9th Kings of France , 154 Nic Carpenter , 155 Des Cartez , 155 Dionysius Carthusiensis , 155 Thomas and Christopher Cartwright , 155 Bartholomaeus and Iohn Casa , 155 Iohn Case , 156 Isaac Cas●ubone a singular Grecian , and an excellent Philologer , 156 Dr. Merick Casaubone , ibid. George Cassander , 156 Cassandra Fidelis Veneta , a learned woman , 156 , 157 Iohn Cassian , 157 M. Aurel. and Petrus Cassiodorus , 157 Petrus Castellanus , two of that name , 157 Alphonsus à Castro one of the Doctors of the Councel of Trent , ibid. Ambrosius Catharinus , his difference with Dominicus Soto , 157 Cato why called Censorius , 158 A three-fold Elogy of him , ibid. Catullus a most polite Poet , 158 Iacobus Cavacius , 158 Nicol. Caussinus an eloquent French Papist , 158 Aurelius Cornelius Celsus a learned Physician , the Latine Hippocrates , 158 Conradus Celtes the first of the Germans who was adorned with a Poetical Lawrel , 158 Centuries Ecclesiasticall commended , 159 Iacobus Ceratinus , 159 Ludovicus de la Cerda a learned and industrious man , 159 Antonius Rodolphus Cevallerius and Petrus Cevallerius , both Frenchmen and great Hebricians , 15● Demetrius Chalcondylas a diligent Grammarian , 160 Chaldee Language , 58 Daniel Chamier , a very learned French Divine , who hath written solidly against the Papists , and was killed with a Canon-bullet , 160 Peter Charron a French Rapist , 160 Ieffery Chaucer , born in Oxfordshire , our English Homer , 160 Verses of him , ibid. Antoine de Chandieu a learned French Divine , 160 Sir Iohn Cheek Schoolmaster to King Edward the sixth , skilfull in Greek and Latine , 160 The first Regius Professor of the Greek Tongue in Cambridge , 160 Compared with Sir Thomas Smith , ibid. A special instrument of propagating the Gospel in England , ibid. How he died , and his several Works , ibid. Martinus Chemnitius , when born , 161. m. A famous Doctor of Divinity in the Church of Brunswick , 161 His Works commended , ibid Andreas du Ch●sne , 162 Chiromancy , what it is , 51 Renatus Chopinus , 162 Christ the true Messiah , 11 , 102 Christ Church in Oxford , 104 , 105 Christs-Colledge in Cambridge , 102 , 103 Christians very numerous in Turky , 9 Emanuel Chrysoloras of Constantinople brought the Greek , and Learning into Italy , 162 Was put to death at Constance , ib. Petrus Chrysologus when Archbishop of Ravenna , 162 Iohn Chrysostom the soundest Interpreter of all the Greek and Latine Fathers . 162 David Chytraeus a good Mathematician , 163 Petrus Ciaconius a ▪ very learned man , 163 M. Cicero , why so called , and where born . 163 The Prince of Orators , 164 Some of his Works commended , 164 His repetitions and vain-glory taxed , 165 Iohn Claimund , 164 Clare-Hall in Cambridge , 101 Claudia Rufin● , 164 Claudianus , 164 , 165 Claudius the Emperour , 165 Christophorus Clavius a Jesuite , and famous Professor of the Mathematicks at Rome , 165 Nic. de Clamangis , when he flourished , 165 Pious and learned , ibid. Clemens Alexandrinus , why so called , and when he lived , 161 Origens Master , ibid. Clemens Romanus the most ancient of all Writers since the Apostles , 165 Not the Authour of the Apostolical Constitutions ; ibid. Nicolaus Clenardus a great Linguist , killed by his own slave , and why , 166 Cleobulina , 166 Io. Climachus , when he lived , 166 Iohn Cloppenburg . 166 Carolus Clusius a great Linguist , 166 Pet. Cluniacensis , when he lived , 166 Philippus Cluverius , 166 Iohn à Coch , or Cocceius . 166 Colen , 68 Christ . Columbus an Italian , a most skilful Cosmographer , he found out America . 166 Realdus Columbus a great Anatomist , 163 Peter Comestor , why so called , 167. m. Philp de Commines , where born , 167 He hath written an excellent History ▪ ibid. The Speech of Catharine de Medioes of him , and an Epitaph by Stephanus Paschasius , 167 Hier. Commelinus , 167 Annas Comnenas a learned woman , Empresse of the East , 167 Complute , 89 Compostella , 89 Confessions divers , 169 Conformities , a Book so styled , 169 , 170 Confusion of Languages a great judgement , 54 Constantine the Great , and Robert Constantine , 170 Gaspar Contarenus , 170 Ant. Contins , 170 Adam Contzen , 170 Sir Edward Cook , 170 Robert Cook . 171 Copenhagen , 74 , 75 Nicolaus Copernicus a great Mathematician , 171 Maturinus Corderius , 171 Corinnas , three learned women of that name , 171 Iohannes Cornarius , 171 Cornelia a learned woman , ibid Corpus Christi Colledge in Oxford , 104 Corradus , 171 Corvinus a subtil Arminian , 171 Fr. Costerus , 172 Peter Cotton an eloquent French Jesuite , ibid. Sir Robert Cotton a great preserver of English Antiquities , ibid. Iohn Covel , ibid. Bishop Coverdale an exile a long time for the profession of the Gospel , ibid Didacus Covarruvias , ibid. Councels divers , 168 , 169 The Pope is to be subject to a General Councel , 22 ▪ & 208 Dr Crakanthorp , 172 Archbishop Cranmer . ibid. The first Archbishop of Canterbury that cast off Antichrist , 172 , 173 Drew many learned men into England 172 Io. Crato , when and where born , 173 A great Philosopher , Physician and Poet , 173 Physician to Emperours , ibid. Christophorus Crinesius a good Linguist , ibid. Petrus Crinitus , ibid. Ludovicus Crocius , 174 Iohn Croy a learned French Divine , 174 Hannibal Crucius , 174 Gaspar Cruciger a learned Divine , swift in writing , ibid Henry Cuff , a learned Oxonian , 174 Iacobus Cujacius a learned French Lawyer , 174 Petrus Cunaeus , 174 , 175 Caelius Secundus Curio , 175 Caelius Aug. Curio . ibid. Quintus Curtius a pure Latinist , and when he flourished , 175 Petrus Curtius , 175 Nic. de Cusa , or Cusanus , 175 Cyprian Bishop of Carthage , and Martyr , when he lived , 175 Cyril Bishop of Alexandria , 175 Cyril Bishop of Ierusalem , and Cyril Patriark of Constantinople , 176 D JOhn Daille a learned French Divine , 176 Highly commended , ibid. Iohn Damascene , when born at Damascus 176 He laid the foundation of School-Divinity among the Greeks , 176 Nicholas Damascene , ib. Petrus Damianus , 176 Damasus the first Pope , 176 He appointed Gloria Patri , ib. Lambertus Danaeus , 177 Petrus Danesius , a great Grecian , 177 His witty speech at the Councel of Trent , ib. Dantes Aligherius a famous Italian Poet 177 Claudius Dausqueius , 177 Iohn Davenant Bishop of Salisbury , a judicious Divine , 177 Daventer , 74 Philippus Decius a famous Italian Lawyer , 177 Iohn Dee a learned Englishman . 178 Marcus Antonius Delrio . 178 Demosthenes a famous Orator , 178 He wrote out Thucydides eight times . ibid. Thomas Dempster a learned Scotchman , ib. Iohn Deodate an eminent Divine , ib. Edward Dering . ib ▪ Iohn Despauterius a great Grammarian . ib. Verses of him . ib. Antonius Deusingius a learned Physician , ib. Paulus Diaconus . 179 David Dickson a good Scottish Expositor , ib. Didymus Coecus an excellent Mathematician , ib. Ludovicus de Dieu a learned French Divine , well skilled in the Oriental Languages , ib. Sir Iames Dier a great Lawyer , ib. Differences among the Papists in many things , 22 Everard Digby . 178 Sir Kenelm Digby . 180 Leonard and Thomas Digges . ib. Iohn Michael Dilher a learned Critick , ib. Diodorus Siculus a famous Historian , 180 Diogenes Laertius . ib. Dio Cassius . ib. ●ion Chrysostom called Chrysostom for his 〈…〉 loquence . ib. ●ionysius falsly called the Areopagite . 181 ●ionysius Halycarnassaeus a famous Historian , ib. ●ioscorides an ancient Herbalist , ib. Divine . A competent knowledge of the Languages and Arts is requisite for a Divine , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 Rembertus Dodonaeus . 181 Dole , 86 Steven Dolet a learned Frenchman , 182 Aelius Donatus , Marcellus Donatus and Ierom Donatus . 182 Hugo Donellus a great Lawyer . ib. Doway , 73 Ianus Douza the Father and Sonne , 182 George Downham a learned and godly Bishop , ib. Andrew Downs the Kings Professour of Greek in Cambridge . 183 Sir Fran●n Drake the first that sailed about the whole world , ib. Ierom Drexelius a learned Jesuite , ib. Iohn Drusius . ib. Fr. Duarenus a learned Lawyer , ib. Dublin . 104 Fronto Ducaeus a learned and candid Jesuite . 183 Gul. Durandus a great Poet , Divine and Lawyer , 183 Why called Speculator . ib. Durandus a S. Portiano . 184 Samuel Durant . 184 Ioanes Stephanus Durantus . ib. Claudius Duret a great French Lawyer , ib. Ludovicus Duretus a learned Physician , ib. E KIng Edward the sixth both learned and pious , 184 , 185 Edmund Hall in Oxford . 99 Egesippus when he lived , 185 Eginhardus , 185 Elias Levita a most learned Jewish Grammarian . 185 Queen Elizabeth a learned Queen , 185 , 186 Sir Thomas Elyot . 185 Emanuel-Colledge . 103 Ubbo Emmius a learned man , Professor of History and Greek at Groning . 186 Constantin . L' Empereur a famous Hebrician , 186 England suffered most shamelesse servitude under the Pope heretofore , 7 The first Kingdom that received the Gospel , 7 By whom the Christian Religion was first brought into England . 7 England had the first Christian King and Emperour , ib. Learned men in England , 91 The Universities in England . 91. to 97 Quintus Ennius . 186 Ephraem Syrus and Antiochenus . 186 Epictetus the Philosopher . 186 Epiphanius Bishop of Salamina in Cyprus famous for learning and skill in five Tongues . 186 , 187 Epiphanius the Deacon . 187 Epistles , what they are , much learning in them . 188 Who write the best Epistles . ib. Desiderius Erasmus where born . 187 His Statue at Roterdam in brasse on the market place with an Inscription . 188 Verses in the house where he was born ib. A great Scholler , and the authour of many excellent Works . 188 , 189 An Epitaph of him . 189 Erasmus a learned Bishop . 189 Tho. Erastus a learned Physician , 189 Eratosthenes . 190 Erford . 70 Erinnas a learned Poet , 190 Thomas Erpenius excellently skilled in the Oriental Tongues . ib. Claudius Espencaeus a learned French Bishop , 190 , 191 Petrus Espinacus Archbishop of Lions . 191 William Estius a learned and modest Doctor of Paris . 191 He doth well on all Pauls Epistles . 191 His Epitaph . ib. Ethicks whence so named . 45 m. What it is conversant about . ib. Ethiopick Language . 60 , 61 Evagrius Scholasticus . 191 Euclide a great Geometrician . 191 Nic. Ev●rardus . 191 Evora . 90 Euripides . 191 Eusebius Caesariensis , when he lived and flourished . 192 Why called Eusebius Pamphili , but not Pamphilus . 192 The ancient Ecclesiastical History . ib. Eusebius Emissenus . 192 Eustathius Archbishop of Thessalonica . 192 When he lived . ib. Eustochium a learned woman . 192 Euthymias Zigabenus . 192 Eutropius , 193 Excester Colledge ▪ 96 Aben Ezra a most learned Jewish Grammarian . 193 F IAcobus Faber Stapulensis a very learned man . 193 Petrus Faber . 193 Buchanans Epigramme of him . 194 Nic. Faber Master to Lewis the 13th King of France . 194 Guido and Nicolaus Fabricii . 194 Georgius Fabricius . 194 Steph. Fabricius . 194 Paulus Fagius a great Hebrician . 194 The Germans speech of him . ib. Anton. Faius . 194 Abraham Faius his son . 195 Gabriel Fallopius . 195 William Farel a learned and godly Minister of Genevah . 195 Bezas Epigram of Calvin , Viret and him . ibid. Fasciculus Temporum . 195 The Fathers . They were eminent for learning , holinesse of life and eloquence , 195 Dr Featly . 195 Minutius Felix an eloquent Father . 195 Lucius Fenestella a famous Historian not the Author of the Book De Magistratibus & Sacerdotio Romanorum . 196 Dudlie Fenner a learned Divine . 196 Ioannes Fernelius a learned French man ; Physician to Henry the 2 d King of France . 196 Ferrara . 78 Fulgentius Ferrandus . 201 Arnoldus Ferronus . 196 Io. Ferus a famous German Preacher , 196 Iacobus Fevardentius a furious Franciscan . 196 Ioannes Fichardus . 197 Marsilius Ficinus of Florence , a famous Philosopher , Physician and Divine . 199 Richard Field a learned Divine . 197 Io. Filesacus . 197 Iohn Fisher Bishop of Rochester . 197 Sir Anthony Fitzherbert a learned Lawyer 197 Lucius Florus when he lived . 197 Ubertus Folieta . 197 Patrick and Iohn Forbes . 198 Franciscus Forerius . 198 Pertus Forrestus a learned Physician . 198 Ioannes Forsterus Professor of the Hebrew Tongue at Wittenberg . ib. Sir Iohn Fortescue an excellent Antiquary and Lawyer . 198 Iohn Fox a Saint-like Historian . 198 Wrote elegant Latine . 199 Sebastian Fox a most elegant and learned Spanish Philosopher . ib. Hieronymus Fracastorius a famous Philosopher . 199 France famous for three things . 81 It hath bred many learned men . ib. Its Universities . 81. to 87 Francis the Monk . 199 Francis the first King of France , when he lived . 199 A great restorer of Learning . 199 , 200 Franckford two places of that name . 70 Franekere . 74 Marquardus Freherus . 200 Io. Tho. Freigius famous for his knowledge in Philosophy , Philology , Law , 200 Ramus his Epigram of him . ibid. French Language . 64 Friburg . 71 Nicolaus Frischlinus . 200 Iohn Frith a learned Divine and Martyr . 200 Iohn Froissard a French Historian . 201 Libertus Fromondus . 201 Lucas Fruterius . 201 Leonardus Fuchsius . 201 B. Fulgentius . 201 Baptista Fulgosius . 201 Dr Fulk . 201 Nic. Fuller . 201 , 202 G IO. Gagn●ius . 203 Robert Gagwin . ibid. Petrus Galatinus . 204 Galeacius Caracciolus . 204 Galen a learned Physician of Pergamus . ibid. Petrus Gallandius Master to many famous men in France . ibid. Galilaeus Galilaeus of Florence . ibid. Henricus Gandavensis . ibid. Steven Gardiner Bishop of Winchester . 205 Petr. Gassendus the greatest Astronomer now living . ibid. Thomas Gataker . ibid. Lucas and Pomponius Gauricus . ibid. Theodorus Gaza . ibid. Geber a learned Arabian , but very obscure , 206 Gelasius primus Papa . ibid. Sigism . Gelenius . ibid. Aulus Gellius , when he lived , and whether he should be written so or Agellius ibid. Taxed by Ludovicus Vives , but defended by Stephanus . ibid Geminus . ib. Georgius Gemistius Pletho a Grecian and Professor in Greece . ibid Gemma Frisius a great Mathematician . ib. Why called Gemma , ib. Cornelius Gemma a famous Physician and Philosopher of Lovain . 207 Gilbert Genebrard a good Hebrician , but a most petulant Writer . ibid. Geneva . 86 , 87 Innocentius Gentiletus . 207 Albericus Gentilis the Regius Professour of Civil Law in Oxford . ib. Geometry , what it is , its excellencies , and who first invented it . 41 , 42 Iohn Gerbard a laborious and learned Divine , 207 Germany . Divers great Schollers bred there . 68 The Universities of Germany . 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 Iohn Gerson the learnedest man of his time , and the onely Doctor of the Councel of Constance . 208 He was sirnamed the most Christian Doctor , ibid. Paschasius his Verses of him . ib. Conradus Gesnerus , where and when he was born . 208 His Works commended . ibid William Gibieuf a learned Doctor of Sorbonne . ibid Obertus Gifanius . ibid. William Gilbert a famous Englishman . 209 His Book of the Loadstone commended . ibid. Petrus Gillius a most learned man . ibid. Sylvester Gyraldus . ibid. Victor Giselinus , ibid. Ralph Glanvile a great Lawyer . 210 Henricus Glareanus an excellent Mathematician . 210 Salomon Glassius a great Critick . ibid. Glocester-Hall in Oxford . 99 Rodolphus Goclenius , 210 Conradus Goclenius first Professor of the Latine Tongue at Lovain . 210 Francis and Thomas Godwin . ibid Damianus à Goes . ibid Seven Cities strove for his birth . ibid. Iacobus Golius well skilled in the oriental Tongues . ibid. Hubertus Gol●zius a great Antiquary . ibid. Franciscus Gomarus a learned and judicious Divine . ibid. Christopher Goodman a learned and pious Scotch Divine , 211 Abraham Gorlay his many choice medals of Gold , Silver and Brass . 211 Io Goropius Becanus a good Artist and Linguist . ibid. Gospel , How it came into Polonia , and the original of the custom of standing up at the Gospel , 20. m. The everlasting Gospel , or the Gospel of the holy Ghost . 115 Dionysius and Iacobus Gothofredus ▪ 211 Dr Gouge a learned and pious Divine , 211 Commended . ibid. Simon Goulartius a learned and godly French Minister . ibid. Ioannes Goverus or Gouerus a learned English Knight , and Poet Laureate , ibid. Grammarians , who the best , 37 , 38 Io. and Saxo Gramaticus . 212 Grammer , what it is , and whence derived . 37 , 38 Granado . 89 Lud. Granatensis . 212 Dr Grant . ibid. Conradus Graserus went some miles to the Jews to understand Hebrew words . ibid. Franc. Gratianus , when he lived . ibid. He compiled the Canon-Law , ibid. & 44 Gulielmus Gratarolus an excellent Philosopher and Physician . 213 Gratius an ancient Latine Poet contemporary with Virgil and Ovid. 213 Iohn Graves , ibid. Lady Iane Gray , both learned and religious . ibid. Greek Language . 61 , 62 Who were the pure Greek Writers . 38 Richard Greenham . 213 Gregory the Great , why so called , and when he lived . ibid. Bede cals him the Apostle of England , and why , 214 He first wrote himself Servus servorum Dei . 214 Verses of him and two other Popes . ibid. Gregory Thaumaturgus , why so called . ibid. Iohn Gregory of Oxford , and Gregory of Tours . ibid Iames Gretzer a learned Jesuite and good Grecian , the great Defender of Bellar. mine . 214 Grindall . ibid. Gripswald . 71 Groning . 74 Iohannes Groperus would not be Cardinal 214 Hugo Grotius , when and where born , 215 Piscators Verses of him . ibid. Learned but heterodox . ibid. Ianus Gruterus a famous Critick . ibid. Simon and Io Iac. Grynaeus . ibid. Rudolphus Gualtherus Father and Sonne . 216 Baptista Guarinus . ibid. Steven Guichard a learned French Linguist . ibid Francis Guicchardine a famous Historian . ibid. Paschasius his Verses of him . ibid. Melchior Guilandinus . ibid. Iohannes Guinterius Andernacus a learned Physician , ibid. Gyldas . ibid Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus . 217 H Dr HAckwell . 217 Theodoricus Hackspanius . 217 Dr Haddon . ib. Cardinal Hadrian . ib. Thaddaeus Hagecius . ib. Iohn Hales . ib. Bishop Hall . 218 Bartholdus Hallerus . ibid Dionysius Halycarnassaeus . ibid. D. Henry Hammond . ibid D. Harding . ibid. Lord Harrington . ibid. D. Harvey . ibid. D. Haymo . ibid. Harderwick . 74 Hart-Hall in Oxford . 99 Heathens called Pagani , and why , ●5 They are still branded in the Scripture ibid. Their knowledge imperfect , and their conversation impious . ibid. How the Heathens shall be judged . 6 The Heathens worshipt many gods . 6 They could not be saved by the light of nature . ibid. Who defended the Christian Religion against the Heathens . 6 , 7 Hebrew the first Language , and most ancient of all . 56 , 57 , 58 Who were skilfull in it . 58 Gasparus Hedio . 218 Alexander Hegius . He first brought the Greek learning into the Low-countreys 219 Heidelberg . 69 Daniel Heinsius . 219 Heliodorus . ib. Helvicus . ib. Henry the first King of England , why called Beau Clerk . ib. Henry the eighth . 219 , 220 He was learned himself , and drew many learned men into England . 220 Desiderius Heraldus . ib. Lord Herbert . ib. Hereticks . Reformers so called by the Papists , and why . 20 Hermes Trism●g●stus . 220 Conradus Heresbachius . ib. Hermannus Contractus , why so called , 221 Hermogenes . ib. Herodian an eloquent and faithfull Historian , 221 Herodotus . ib. Verses of him . ib. Hesiod . ib. Iohn Hessels . ib. Landgrave of Hessen . 222 Helius Ebanus Hessus . ib. Hesychius . ibid Ioannes Heurnius . ibid. Hieroglyphicks , what they are . 290 The Bee and Syren the Hieroglyphick of eloquence . 39 Hieronymus a very learned Father . 222 Hilary Bishop of Poicton , and Hilary Bishop of Arles . ibid. Hildefonsus . 223 Arthur Hilder sham . 223 Hi●cmarus . ib. Hipparchus a great Astronomer . ib. Hippocrates the first that wrote methodically the Art of Physick . 223 Hippolitus , 223 , 224 History , what it is . 46 It s double end . ibid. The several kindes of History , 46 Chronology and Topography the two eyes of it . 47 Historians , who the chiefest Greek and Latine , 47 David Hoeschelius , 224 Francis Hottoman a learned French Lawyer , 224 Homer . Seven Cities contended about his birth . His Iliades and Odysses commended , 224 , 225 Alcibiades struck a Schoolmaster for not having Homers Works , 225 Festus Hommius , 225 Petrus Cornelius Hoofdius , 225 Richard Hooker , 225 Iohn Ho●per a learned and godly Bishop and Martyr . ib. Ioachimus Hopperus , ib. Horatius Flaccus , an ingenious Poet , ib. Bishop Horn , 226 Conradus Hornaeus . ib. Lambertus Hortensius , ib. Stanislaus Hosius , he was imployed by three Emperours , and was President in the Councell of Trent , ibid. Rod. Hospintanus , ibid. Michael Hospitalius , ibid. Bishop Howson , ibid. Roger de Hoveden a famous Historian , 226 Robert Hues , ibid Hermannus Hugo , ibid. Hugo Cardinal , 227 Antonius Hulsius , ibid Humbertus Episcopus , ib. D. Humfrey , ib. Hulricus Huttenus a Knight and Poet Laureate , ibid C. Iulius Hyginus , 228 Hipatia or Hypathia a learned woman , who taught publickly at Alexandria , ibid. Andreas Gerhardus Hyperius a most learned and diligent Divine , ibid. I Dr. IAckson , and Mr. Arthur Iackson , 228 King Iames , ibid Verses on his dying in March . Iacobus de Voragine the Author of the golden Legend , 229 Richard Iames and Doctor Iames , 229 Iamblycus a famous Philosopher , ibid. Io de Ianduno . ibid Ianizaries , the great strength of the Turkish Empire , 9 Cornelius Iansenius a learned Popish Expositor , 229 Iansenius Bishop of Iper , who wrote Sanctus Augustinus , ibid. Rabbi Salomon Iarchi a learned French Jew , who hath commented on all the Bible , ib. Iason Maynus , 230 Iesuites , when their Order began , 230 Their title disliked by Papists themselves , ibid. Some of them good Expositors , able for controversies , good Philologers , candid and ingenuous , ib. Ignatius the Martyr , ib. Matth. Fl. Illyricus heretical , and wherin , 230 , 231 Some of his Works usefull to the Church , 230 , 231 Ioannes de Indagine a great Astrologer , when he flourished , 231 Indices Expurgatorii , two of them , ibid. The purpose of them , ibid. Io. Philippns Ingrassius . ibid. Ingulphus a learned English Abbot , ib. Innocentius tertius Papa a learned man , but a great Persecutor of the Church , 232 Alanus Insulensis , ib. Abbas Ioachimus , ib. Arthur Ihonston a famous Scotch Poet , ib. Iohns Colledge in Oxford , 103 Iornandes , 232 Iosephus a famous Jewish Historian , 232 , 233 Iosippus , who he was , 233 Paulus Iovius commended by some , and disliked by others , ib. Verses of him , ib. Irenaeus , when he lived , and when he suffered , ib. Iohn Isaac , a Jew who turned Christian , ib. Isidorus Hispalensis and Pelusiota , 234 Isocrates a famous Greek Oratour , 234 H●●ricus Isselburgius , ib. Bishop Iohn Ieul commended , ib. Iulian the Apostate , a learned Prince , 235 He scoffed at Christ and Christians , ib. Franciscus Iunius , a pretty passage between him and a Countreyman , 235 , 236 Censured by D. Twisse and Thuanus , 236 Francis Iunius his Son , ib. Patricius Iunius , ib. Fr. Iuretus , ib. Christ . Iustellus a learned Protestant , ib. Iustinian the Emperour commended , ib. Verses by Melancthon of his Institut. ib. Augustinus Iustinianus a very learned Bishop , 237 Laurentius Iustinian , ib. Leonardus Iustinianus , there were three famous Orators of his Family , ib. Iustin Martyr a famous Philosopher and Martyr . ib. When he flourished , ib. The ancientst of the Fathers , except Clement . ib. How he was brought to the faith , and when he suffered Martyrdom , ib. Iustin the Historian , ib. Iunius Iuvenal the best Satyrist . ib. Iuvencus Presbyter , when he flourished , 238 He comprized the Gospel in four Books of Verses , ib. K BArth . Keckermannus , 238 Thomas de Kempis , ibid His Book De imitatione Christi commended , ibid. Iohn Kepler a famous Mathematician , ib. Iacobus Kimedontius , ib. R. David Kimchi a learned Rabbin and deadly enemy to Christians , 239 R. Moses Kimchi . ib. Athanasius and Conradus Kircherus , ib. Petrus Kirstenius a great Arabist of Germany , ib. Iohn Knew stub , a learned Divine , ibid. Iohn Knox a learned Scotch Divine , ibid. Had a prophetick Spirit , ib. Albertus Krantzius a great enemy to Popery , 238 His Speech to Luther , ib. L LActantius Firmianus , when he lived 240 Was poor , ibid. , The Christian Cicero , ib. Why called Firmianus , ib. Franciscus Lambertus , ib. Dionysius Lambinus commended , ib. Carolus and Iohannes Langius , ib. Steven Langton a learned Englishman , ib. Languages , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 Hubertus Languetus , 241 Thomas Lansius , ibid. Cornelius à Lapide , low of stature , 241 His Expositions ●xed , ib. m. Ioannes Lascares , ib. Bishop Latimer , 242 Latine Tongue , 63 , 64 , 65 Ioannes Latius , or de L●et , 242 Iacobus Latomus , Father and Sonne , 241 Lud. Lavaterus , by what Book he got himself a name , 241 Io. Baptista Laurus , 241 Iacobus and Gaspar Laurentius , ibid. Law , Civil and Canonical , 44 Peter De Lawney , 242 Wolfgangus Lazius . ib. Learning . It s excellency , 29 , 30 Its usefulnesse , 31 , 32 , 33 Whether humane Learning may saw-fully be used in a Divine Exercise , 35 When abused , ib. Some times and places favourable to Learning , 35 Iac. Ledesma , 242 Legend , the golden Legend why so called , and what it contains , 242 Leiden . 73 , 74 Leiptzige . 70 Iohn Leland a famous Antiquary , 242 Lavinus Lemnius , ibid. Leo Hebraeus . 243 Leo the first , and the tenth Pope , ibid Leo the Emperour , 244 Ioannes Leo of Africa , ib. Nicolans Leonicenus and Leonicus , ibid. Leonardus Lessius , ibid Lerida , 96 R. Levi Ben Gerson , 244 Io. Lewenclavius , ibid Libanius . ibid Liberal Arts , 38 , 39 Library . Some of the famous Libraries mentioned , 244 , 245 Duncanus Liddelius , 245 Fridericus Lideubrochius , ibid D. Lightfoot , ibid Liege , 73 William Lilly , 245 Thomas Linacer an Englishman , a great Grammarian , ibid Lincoln-Colledge in Oxford , 97 William Lindan , 246 Petrus Lindebergius , 246 Linguists . Some great Linguists mentioned , 55 Lions , 84 Aloysius Lippomanus , 246 Iustus Lipsius commended and censured , ibid Lisbone , 90 Litorae variae , 247 Thomas Littleton a great Lawyer , ibid Edw. Lively Hebrew Professor in Cambridge , a great Hebrician , ib. Titus Livius a famous Historian , ib. Loadstone , its wonderfull vertue , 50 Logick , what it is , 39 Aloysius Lollinus , 248 Peter Lombard the Father of the Schoolmen . ib. Why sirnamed Master of the sentences ibid. Commended , ib. Dionysius Longinus a great Rhetorician , ib. Christ . Longomantanus a great Mathematician . ibid. Christopher Longoly , where he was born , ib. A great Ciceronian , ib. He died young , 249 Petrus Lorichius , ib. Io. Lorinus , ib. Lovain , 73 Lucan and Lucian , 249 Caius Lucilius , ibid. Lucius the first Christian King of England , 250 Titus Lucretius , ib. Ludovicus Romanus , ib. Raym Lullius , ib. Martin Luther , ibid What Verse Melancthon seeing his picture uttered , ib. Other Verses of him , ib. Commended , ib. Beza's Verses of him , 251 The Reformed Religion long before Luther , 22 Lycophron an ancient and very obscure Poet. ibid. Thomas Lydiat a learned Mathematician ib. Lyranus , Lyrator , or de Lyra a learned Jew , ib. When he lived , ibid. He wrote learnedly upon all the Scripture . ib. The Papists saying of him , ib. M NIcholas Machiavell a great Historian , when he lived , 252 Ioh. Macovius a learned Divine , ibid. Georgius Macropedius a learned Poet , ibid. Caius Cilnius Macenus the patron of Learning , ibid. Ioannes Petrus Maffaeus a very eloquent Italian , ib. Raphael Maffaeus a learned man also , ib. Magdalen-Colledge in Oxford , 104 Magdalen Hall , 104 Magdalen Colledge in Cambridge , 103 Ferdinandus Magellanus . 252 Magick condemned , 52 Magistrate , his power in matters of religion , 25 Whether he may tolerate many Religions in one Commonwealth , 25 , 26 Mahometism , when it began , and what it is , 8 The reasons of its spreading , 9 R. M. Maimon , or Rabbi Ben Maimon , or Maimonides , famous among Jews , Christians , and Mahometans , 273 Commended highly , ibid. The Jews speech of him , ib. m Why called Aegyptius and Rambam , 253. m. Iohannes Major a famous Scotchman , 253 Buchanans Verses against him , ibid. M. Antonius Majoragins , ib. Majorica , 90 , 91 Maldonate a learned Jesuite , and judicious Expositor on the four Evangelists , 253 He was wronged by those that published his Works after his death , ibid. m. Gulielmus Malmesburiensis a famous Historiographer , 254 Io. Manardus , ib. M. Manilius or Manlius , ib. Baptista Faustus Mantuanus a learned Poet of Mantua , ibid Verses of him , ibid He discovered the abuses of Rome , ibid. Aldus Manutius senior and junior , 254 , 255 Paulus Manutius , two of that name , 255 Gualt . Mapes a witty writer , who discovers the vices of the Church of Rome , ibid. Samuel Maresius a learned French Divine , Professor at Groning , ibid Ammianus Marcellinus , when he lived , Commended , ibid. Io. Mariana a learned Jesuite , ib. Maximus Margunus , ib. Psalterium B. Mariae , Bonaventure the author of it , 256 Marianus Scotus , ib. Augustine Marlorate a learned French Protestant-Divine , ibid. Philip Marnix , 256 Verses of him , ib. Cl●m Marot a French Poet , ibid. Margarite Queen of Navar , 257 Marsilius de Sancta Sophia , ib. M. Valerius Marsialis a witty Poet , but too obscene , ibid. Matthias and Petrus Martinius , ibid. Martpurge , 71 Peter Martyr a learned Italian , 257 Commended , ib. Andreas Masius a great Linguist , 258 Masorites , 258 Christianus Maffaeus , ib. Papyrius Massonius , ib. Antonius and Petrus Matthaeus , ib. Petrus Andreas Matthiolus , ib. Mathematicks , what they are , and their excellency , 40 , 41 How divided , ibid. The most famous Mathematicians , ib. Maximilian , 259 Barthol . Mayerus , ib. Ioseph Mede , 259 De Medicis , that house a great favourer of Learning , ibid. What they give for their Armes , ib. Cosmi de Medicis , ib. Laurence and Peter de Medicis , ib. Iohn , Michael and Barthol . à Medina . 260 Ioh. Henricus and Marcus Meibomius . ib. Balthasar Meisner , 260 Adolphus Mekerkus , ib. Philip. Melancthon commended , ib. What he wrote before his death , 261 He was too fearfull , ib. Paschasius his Verses of him . ib. Andrew Melvin a famous Scotch Poet , ibid. Verses made by him , and of him , ib. Menander an ancient Poet , 261 Menasseh Ben Israel a learned Jew now living , ib. Iacobus and Stephanus Menochius , ib. Paulus Melissus Scholius a learned Poet , ib. Ments , 16 Gerard Mercator a famous Mathematician and Cosmographer , 261 Iohn and Iosias Mercer commended , 262 Hier. Mercurialis a learned Physician of Padua , 262 Mercurius Trismegistus , ib. Marinus Mersennus , ib. Merlinus the Prophet , and Peter Merlin ib. Merton-Colledge in Oxford , 96 Georgius and Paulus Merula , 263 Messiah , the promised Messiah is come , 11 Iesus of Nazareth is the promised Messiah , 12 Metaphysicks , 45 , 46 D. Methodius a Christian Poet and Martyr , 263 Iohn Meursius commended , ib. Millan , 78 Minutius Foelix , 263 Io. Picus Mirandula commended , 263 , 264 His Epitaph , 263 Iohn Francis Picus Mirandula his Nephew , 264 Modena , 80 Leo Modena a Jew now living , 264 Michael Maestlinus , 264 Ioannes Molanus , ibid. Carolus Molinaeus a learned French Lawyer , and a Protestant , ibid Petrus Molinaeus . Peter du Moulin a learned and pious French Divine now living , 264 , 265 Dominicus Molinus commended . 265 Henricus Mollerus , ibid Mompeliers , 86 Monkery highly esteemed by the Papists , 17 Bishop Montague , 265 Arias Montanus a great Linguist , skilled in ten Languages , ibid Famous for his diligence and faithfulnesse in the King of Spains Bible , ib. Michael Montanus famous for his Essays ibid. Ant. Montecatinus an exquisite Aristotelian , ibid. Olympia Fulvia Morata a learned and pious woman , 265 , 266 Sir Thomas More a witty and learned man , but a great enemy to the truth of the Gospel . 266 Too much given to jesting and scoffing ib. Iohn Morinus a learned Papist , ibid Philip Mornay Lord of Plessis , ibid. Bishop , Morton , and another Thomas Morton , 267 Simeon Muis an excellent Hebrieian , ibid. Sebastian Munster a Germane , a learned Hebrician and Mathematician , 267 When he was born , ib. Commended , ib. m. Marcus Antonius Muretus a very eloquent and diligent Writer , 267 Commended , ibid. Musaeus , when he lived , ibid. Wolfangus Musculus a judicious and solid Divine , ibid. When he lived , ibid. Commended , ibid. m. Musick , the inventer of it , its several kinds , 42 Ioachimus Mynsingerus , 268 N CN ▪ Navius a famous ancient Poet , 269 Commended , ib. & m. Petrus Nannius a general Scholler , ibid. Commended , ibid. m. Franciscus Nansius , 270 Iohn Napier a learned Scot , inventer of the Logarithmes , ibid Naples , 80 Natalis Comes commended , 270 R. Mardochai Nathan . ibid Gabriel Naudaeus a learned Frenchman , ib. Ioannes Nauclerus . ib. Andreas Navagerius a most compleat Poet , Orator , and Historian , ibid Navigation , 50 Gregory Nazianzen , when born , 270 Famous for his piety , learning , zeal and patience , ibid. An assistant to his Father at Nazianzen , but not Bishop there , ibid. & 271 Aelius Antonius Nebrissensis commended 271. m. Neander a Physician and most excellent Poet , 271 New-Colledge in Oxford , 97 New-Inne in Oxford , 100 Nicephorus Callistus and Gregoras , 271 Nicetes Choni●●es when he lived , ibid. Commended , ibid. m. Nicolaus quintus , Papa a great Patron of Learning and learned men , 271 , 272 Io. Nider , ibid Theod. à Niem Secretary to divers Popes , ibid P. Placidus Nigidius . ibid. Io. Nirembergius an Eloquent Authour , ibid. Nismes , 86 Marius Nizolius , 272 Flaminius Nobilius , ibid. Andreas Nolthius a great Mathematician , 273 Nonnus Panopolit ▪ ibid. Alexander Nowel a learned and pious Divine . ibid. Gregory Nyssene when he flourished . 273 O BErnardinus Ochinus a Socinian , 273 Ch. Oclandus a famous English Poet , ib. Gulielm . de Ockam a learned Englishman , ib. Commended , ibid. m. & 274 Od● Abbot of Clun , 274 Io. Occolampadius a great friend to Zuinglius , ibid. Commended , ibid. Oecumenius , ibid Ogilvy a Scotch Poet , ib. Caspar Olevian , ib. Olmuts , 88 Onkelos the Author of the Chaldee Metaphrase of the Pentateuch , 274 When he lived , ib. m. Onuphrius Pauvinius commended , 274 Ioannes Oporinus a famous Printer at Basil , 275 Oppian a famous Greek Poet , 275 Received a piece of gold for every Verse of the Emperour Antonins , 275 Optatus the learned Bishop of Millevita , when he lived , 275 Opticks , 88 Orial Colledge in Oxford , 97 Origen , Scholar to Clemens Alexandrinus , 275 Erroneous , ibid. When he lived , ibid. Commended , ibid. Why called Adamantius , ibid. Orleance , 85 Orontius Fineus Professor of the Mathematicks at Paris under Francis the first , 275 When and where born , ib. Paulus Orosius , 276 Orpheus a very ancient Poet long before Homer , ib. Abraham Ortelius a famous Cosmographer , ib. Andreas Osiander , learned , but erroneous ib. His Errour about being justified by the essential righteousnesse of Christ confuted , ib. Hier. Osorius an eloquent man and too precise a follower of Tully , 277 Which of his Books most esteemed , ib. Arnald . Ossat a learned French Cardinal , ib. Otto the second escaped a danger by his skill in the Greek Tongue , ib. William Oughtred a great Mathematician , ib. Ovid had a naturall genius to Poetry , ib. Commended , ib. Oxford , 92. to 100 Why called Bellositum , 92. m. Was reckoned one of the four ancient Universities by the Councel of Vienna , and had the second , if not the first place , ib. It s Antiquity asserted , ib. & 94 , 95 Famous for learned Schollers , 95 P RIchard Paci● Secretary for the Latine Tongue to King Henry the eighth , commended , 278 Fabius and Iulius Pacius , ib. Marcus Pacuvius , ib. Padu● , 77 Paganism condemned , 5 Pagans , why so called , ib. Iohn Paget a learned Divine , 279 Santes Pagninus an excellent Hebrician , 279 Painting , 50 Petrus de Palude or Paludanus , 279 Iacobus Pamelius , ib. Guido Pancirolus and Franciscus Panigarola , ib. Anton. Panormita , ib. Abbas Panormitanus , ib. & 280 Henricus Pantaleon , 280 Paphnutius famous in Ecclesiastical History , 280 Papia , 78 Papinianus a famous Lawyer , 280 Papists nickname and hardly intreat the Protestants , 21 Ioannes Pappus a learned Lutherane , 280 Paracelsus had many names , ibid He held three principles of things , ib. He often censures the Ancients , ib. Daniel , David and Philip Paraeus , 280 , 281 Paris , 81 , 82 , 83 Matthew Paris or Parisius a faithful and diligent English Historian , 281 Why so called , ib. m. Gul. Parisiensis . 281 Robert Parker a reverend Divine , ibid. Iohn Parkins , ib. Robert Parsons an English Jesuite , a great railer , ibid. Carolus Paschalius , 281 Stephanus Paschasius , 282 George and Matthias Pasor , ib. Steven Pasquier a learned Frenchman , ib. Iohn Passeratius a learned Frenchman , the King of France his Professor of eloquence , ib. Franciscus Patricius Venetus , ib. C. Velleius Paterculus an elegant Historian , but a flatterer of Tiberius , 283 Patrick the first or second Archbishop of Ireland , ib. Pope Paul the third , learned himself , and a lover of learned men , ib. D. Paulinus Aquitanicus , ib Iulius Paulinus a learned Lawyer of Padua , ib. Father Paul of Venice , a wise and learned man , 283 , 284 Pausanias , he hath excellently described ancient Greece , 284 Iohn Peacham Archbishop of Canterbury 284 Peireskins a great Antiquary , ib. His Life excellently written by Gassendus , ibid. Pelagins a Brittain by birth . ibid. The Heads of his Errour , .284 ▪ m. Who wrote against him , ib. Pelagians so called from him , ib. What they taught , ibid. & 285 Iohn Pell a learned English Mathematician , ibid. Conradus Pellicanus a learned Germane Divine , a great Linguist , ibid. William Pemble a learned and pious English Divine , 285 His speech about Justification , when he died , ib. Pembroke-Colledge in Oxford , 99 Pembrook-Hall in Cambridge , 101 Iohn Pena Professor of Mathematicks to the King of France in Paris , 285 Gabriel Penottus , ib. Benedictus Pererius a learned Jesuite , ib. William Perkins a learned and godly Divine , ib. Commended , ib. Cardinal Perron , 286 Commended , ib. His Books against the Protestants well answered , and by whom , ib. Nicolaus Perottus , 286 Persian Language , 61 Aulus Persius Flaccus the most eloquent Satyrist , yet obscure , 286 Dionysius Petavius a learned French Jesuite , 286 Commended and censured , ib. Peter-House in Cambridge , 101 Samuel Petitus a very learned Frenchman , 287 Francis Petrark a witty and sententious Italian Orator and Poet , ib. When he was born and died , ibid. Commended , ib. He inveighs against Rome , ib. His Life written , and by whom , ibid. Part of his Epitaph , ibid. Petronius Arbiter an obscene Writer , yet his Latine is pure , ibid Suffridus Petrus a Frisian , who wrote the History of Frisia , and of the Writers of Frisia . 288 Gasper Peucer a learned Physician and Mathematician , ib. He wrote a singular Book of his own imprisonment , ib. Christ . Pezelius a learned Writer , ibid. Demetrius Phalereus , ib. Philo Iudaeus who lived in Christs time , or after his passion , but was unskilfull in the Hebrew , ib. Commended , ib. The Book of Wisdome written by him , ibid Io. Philoponus , ibid. Philosophy natural and moral , 44 , 45 Philosophers the several sorts , 44 The chief Philosophers , ib. m Iohn Philpot one of the most learned of our English Martyrs , 289 Fl. Philostratus , ibid. Gul. Philander a very learned man , ibid. Franciscus Philelphus , ibid. Phisiognomy , 51 , 52 Phoenicians the inventers of Arithmetick 41 Photinus learned , but a great Heretick , 289 Photius Patriark of Constantinople , the learnedst man of his time , ibid Physick . 45 Alexander and Francis Piccolomny , 289 Pet. Picherellus a learned Frenchman , ibid. His Notes on a great part of the New Testament unhappily lost , ib. Io. Pierius Valerianus , 290 Some of his Works commended , ibid. Albertus Pighius a learned Papist , ibid. He by reading Calvin altered his judgement , 290. m. Stephanus Pighius , 290 Laurentius Pignorius the great ornament of Italy , commended , ibid. Pindar one of the chief Lyrick Poets , ibid. Commended , ibid. Pineda , 291 Ioannes Vincentius Pinellus a learned Italian , skilled in many Languages , ib. How he adorned his house , ib. Iohn Piscator an excellent Scripture-Divine , but no School-Divine , ib. Io. Pistorius , ib. Io. Pitsaeus . ib. Franciscus and Peter Pithaeus , 291 , 292 Bartholomaeus Pitiscus a learned Divine and Mathematician , 292 Plantavitzius . ib. Christopher Plantine a learned Printer , ib. Bartholomaeus or Baptista Platina a most learned man , ib. Felix Platerus . Verses on his name . ib. Plato , was called Divine for his rare wisdom , 293 Whence he had his name , ib. Plautus , where born , ib. C. Plinius the Uncle , and Plinius secundus the younger , ibid. Verses of the younger Pliny ▪ 294 Edmund Ployden a great Lawyer , ib. His Commentaries commended , 294 Plutark , where born , ib. A grave and learned Writer , ib. Commended , ib. Verses of him , ib. Edward Pocock Professor of Hebrew and Arabick in Oxford . ib. Poetry . 48 , 49 , 50 The several sorts of Poets , 49 , 50 Ioannes Franciscus Poggius Florentinus , 295 Poictiers . 83 Amandus Polanus . 295 Angelus Politianus , why so called , 295 Commended , ib. Iulius Pollux . ib. Reginaldus Polus Cardinalis . 296 Commended and censured . ib. Polyander à Kerckoven . ib. Polybius a learned Historian , ib. Polycarpus , when he lived , 290 Arnoldus Pontacus . 296 Io. Isaacius Pontanus . 97 Lud. de Ponte Romanus , or Pontanus . 297 Popery , what it is , 13 The contrarieties in it , ib. God had his people in the midst of Popery , 15 The Popish Church not holy , ib. Ausonius Popma , 297 Porchetus , ib. Porphyrie an enemy to Christians , ib. Gilbertus Porretanus , ib. Io. Baptista Porta . ib. Ioan. Vincentius Porta . 298 Posnavia . 87 Ioannes Posselius a pious and learned man 298 Antonius Possevinus , ib. Ioannes Posthius a learned Physician and Poet , ib. Gul. Postellus a great Linguist . ib. The first of Christians which published the rudiments of the Arabick Grammer , ib. Odeschalcus Praetorius , ib. A Verse upon him . ib. Regnerus Praedinius . ib. Hieronymus Pragensis when burnt at Constance . 299 Prague . 87 Dr Iohn Preston . 299 Dr Prideaux . ib. Sylvester de Prierie . ib. Gilbert and David Primrose . ib. Printing an usefull Art , by whom invented , 53 , 54 Famous Printers . 54 Priscianus a famous Grammarian , 299 Proclus had a great memory , ib. A great Mathematician and Philosopher , ib. Procopius Gazaeus . ib. Propertius singular in Elegies , 300 Verses of him , ib. Prosper of Aquitane . ib. Protestants , why called Lollards in England , and Huguenots in France . 21 Proverbs . 300 Aurelius Prudentius when he lived , ib. Commended , ib Claudius Ptolomaeus , when he flourished ; 301 Commended , ib. Ptolomaeus Philadelphus a favourer of Learning , and famous for a magnificent Library , 301 Erye . Puteanus . 301 Claudius Puteanus commended , ib. Samuel Purchas our English Ptolomy . 301 , 302 Pythagoras the Philosopher , where born , 302 The illustrator , if not inventer of the Mathematicks , ib. His Schollers highly honoured him , ib. Q QUeens . Colledge in Oxford . 97 In Cambridge . 102 Iohannes Quinquarboreus Regius Professor of Hebrew and Chaldee at Paris . 302 Quintilian commended . 302 R RAbanus Ma●r●s , when he lived , 303 Commended , ib. Franciscus Rabelaesus a witty , but Atheistical French Physician , ibid. Iacobus Ranardus a great Lawyer , ibid. Georgius Ragusius commended , ib. Dr Iohn Rainolds a learned and pious Doctor of Oxford , ibid. Commended , ib. Sir Walter Raleigh , ib. Ralph a Monk of Fulda , 304 Petrus Ramus commended , ib. Verses of him , ib. Slain at the great Massacre at Paris , ib. Ranulphus , ibid Francis Raphelengius a learned Linguist , ibid. Rasis or Rhasis a great Physician of Arabia , ib. William Rastall a great Lawyer , 304 , 305 Franciscus Ranchinus , 305 ▪ Ioannes and Pet. Ravennas , ibid. Hermannus Ravenspergerus , ibid Reconciliation of different Religions how far justifiable , 23 , 24 Whether the Protestants may be Reconciled with the Papists , 24 , 25 Reformation of the Church of Rome necessary , 14 , 15 The Reformed Religion maintained , 17 , 18 , 19 The means taken by the first Reformers for promoting the work of Religion , 19 Reformed Writers commended , 19. & 20 And the purity of their Doctrine asserted , 20. Nicknamed by the Papists , 20 The Papists two great Objections against the Reformed Religion answered , 21 , 22 Ioannes Mullerus Regiomontanus one of the famousest Mathematicians of Germany , 305 When he lived , ib. He found out the tenth sphere , and its diurnal motion , ibid. Iacobus Reihingius , 305 Erasmus Reinholdus a famous Astronomer , ibid. Religion that it is . 1 What it is , 2 The Hebrew , Greek and Latine words for Religion opened , ib Defined , ib. It is true or false , ibid. It s antiquity , ibid. Rules to know the true Religion , 2. & 3 Christian Religion planted by the power of God , 3 Wherein the glory of Religion lies , 3 , 4 Means to keep us constant in the true Religion , 4 Whether men may be saved in any Religion , ibid. Of the chief false Religions , 5. to 17 Of the Reformed Religion , 17 , 18 , 19 The Papists use both violent and fraudulent means to propagate their Religion , 16 , 17 Reliques , the worshipping of them condemned , 16 Remigius commended , 305 , 306 Georgius Remus , ibid. Iohn Reuchlin commended , 306 Iovius makes him the author of that Book , Epistolae obseurorum virorum , ibid. He bred many excellent Schollers , ib. Nicolaus Reusnerus , 306 Rhemes , 85 Beatus Rhenanus commended , 306 Verses of him , ibid. Rhetorick , what it is , and whence derived , 39 Iohannes Rhodius , 307 Ludovicus Coelius Rhodiginus , when he lived , ibid. Commended , ibid. His Epitaph , ib. Pet. Ribadeneyra , ibid. Fr. Ribera a learned Jesuite , ib. Antonius Riccobonus , ib. Christophorus Riccius , ib. Paulus Riccius a learned Germane Jew converted to the Christian Faith , 308 Bishop Ridley the most learned Martyr in Queen Maries dayes , ibid. Petrus Riga , ibid. Nicolaus Rigaltius , ib. Ioh. Riolanus both the Father and the Son ib. Ioachimus Fortius Ringelbergius , ibid Fridericus Risnerus , ibid. Couradus Ritterhusius , when and where he was born , 308. & 309 Commended , ibid. m. Sir Thomas Rives , 309 Andrew and William Rivet , ib. Mart. de Roa , ibid. Franciscus Robortellus , ib. Angelus Roccha , ib. Robert Rollock a learned Scotch Divine , 310 Romances , whence the word comes , 64 Adrianus Romanus , 310 Rome , 75 , 76 Gulielmus Rondeletius an excellent Physician , 310 Peter Ronsard Prince of the French Poets ibid. An Epitaph of him , ib. Bartas and Cardinal Perrons speech of him , 310 , 311 Io ▪ Rosinus , 311 Alexander Rosse a learned Scotchman , ibid. Rostock , 71 Herebertus Rosweydus a learned Jesuite , 311 Hieronymus Roverius , ib. Hier. Rubeus a famous Physician , ibid. Rudolphus secundus Imperator , ib. Ioannes Ruellius , ibid. Ruffinus Presbyter , ib. David Rungius , 311 , 312 Rupertus Abbot of Tuy commended , 312 Io. de Rupescissa , ib. Ianus Rutgersius , ibid. S EManuel Sa , 312 Marcus Antonius Cooceius Sabellicus , ibid. Raymundus de Sabunde , ib. Io. de Sacro bosco a famous Philosopher and Mathematician , 313 When he flourished , ib. An Englishman , ibid. Antonius Sadeel commended , 313. m Iac. Sadoletus a learned Cardinall , 313 Thought to be poisoned , ibid Salamanca , 8● Salern , 80 , 81 Iac. Salianus . 313 Cl. Salmasius a learned French Critick , 313 , 314 Commended and censured , 314 Alph. Salmeron , ibid. Salvianus , 314 Salustius Crispus , ib. Samaritan Language . 58 , 59 Scaevola Sammarthanus a learned French Poet , 314 Verses to him , ibid. Dr Sanderson , ibid. Guspar Sanctius a learned Spaniard , 315 Antonius and Nic. Sanderus , ib. Hugo Sanfordus . ibid. Iacobus Sannazarius a learned Poet , ibid Cardinal Bembus his Epigram upon him , ib. Sappho Lesbia when she lived , ib. The Sapphick Verses so called from her , 316 Saragossa , 90 Erasmus Sarcerius a learned Divine , 316 Alex. Sardus , ib. Io. Sarisburiensis , ib. Adam Sasbout , ib. Hieronymus Savanarola a Dominican . and famous Preacher , ib. Sir Henry Savill a great Mathematician , and expert Grecian , ib. Commended , 317 Scaligers , both Iulius and Ioseph , ib. Verses of them , ibid. Iulius Caesar Scaliger , ibid. Commended and censured , ibid Ioseph Scaliger commended . 317 Ch. Scheibler , 319 William Schickard a great Linguist , ib. Valentine Schindler , ib. Martinus Schoockius , ib. School-Divinity , 38 Schools . Grammer schools the Nurseries of Learning , ib. The most famous trivial Schools in England , 92 Gaspar and Andrew Schoppius , 319 Scotland , 53 Dr Sclater , 321 Learned men of Scotland , and its Universities , 103 , 104 Cornel. Schonaeus a Poet of most elegant wit , 319 And. Schottus a learned and candid Jesuite , ibid. Io. Duns Scotus a learned Englishman , the wittiest of all the Schoolmen , 320 When he lived , ib. Verses of him , ib. Iohannes Scotus Erigena an Irishman , Master to King Alfred , 320 Witty and pleasant , ib. He was murthered by his Schollers with their penknives , 321 Caelius Sedulius Scotus , 322 Carolus Scribanius censured , 321 Pet. Scriverius , ib. Anna Maria a Schurman a learned Dutchwoman , ib. Bartholomaus and Abraham Scultetus , 322 Iohn Selden a learned English Lawyer , ib. His Books commended , ib. What he wrote in all his Books . ib. Nicolaus Selneccerus Doctor of Divinity in Lipsia , 322 His Distick for himself , ib. Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Philosopher , when born , 323 The Prince of the Stoicks , ib. Nero's Schoolmaster , ib. Seneca the Tragick Poet , ibid. Sixtus Senensis commended , ib. Dan. Sennertus a learned Physician , ibid. Nic. Serarius a good Hebrician , ib. Servius a most learned Grammarian , ibid. Sulpitius Severus commended , 324 Robert Sheringham , ib. Dr Sibbes . ib. Sir Philip Sidney , 324 Sidney-Sussex-Colledge in Cambridge , 103 Sienna , 80 Sigebertus Monk of Gemblaux , 324 Carolus Sigonius a most accurate Writer ib. Siguenca , 90 Silius Italicus , 324 Iacobus Silvius a learned man and great Physician , but covetous , ib. Buchanans Verses of him , ib. Io. Simlerus , 324 , 325 Simonides , 325 Simplicius , ib. Gabriel Sionita , ib. Iacobus Sirmondus a learned French Jesuite , ib. Siville , 88 Iohn Sleiden , 325 Henricus Smetius , 326 Erasmus Schmidt , ibid. Bishop Smith and Sir Thomas Smith , ib. Rodolphus Snellus , 326 Ernardus and Theodoricus Snepsius , ibid. Laelius and Faustus and Marianus Socinus , 327 Socinianism sprung from Mahometism , 9 The main parts of Socinianism , 327 Socrates Scholasticus , ib. C. Iulius Solinus Polyhist . ib. George Sohn Doctor of Divinity in Heidelberg , 327 Sophocles , ib. Commended , 328 Sore or Sorre . 75 Dominicus Soto a Spanish Divine of great fame , ib. Sozomen● , ib. Spain . The famous learned men there , 88 The Universities there , 88 to 91 Frederick Spanheme a learned and pious French Divine , 328 Spanish Language , 64 Aelius Spartianus , 328 Sir Henry Spelman a learned and painfull Antiquary , ib. Edmund Spencer the Prince of English Poets in his time , ib. His Epitaph , ib. Ad. Spigelius a learned Physician , 328 Io. Stadius a great Mathematician , 329 Sir William Stamford a great Lawyer , ib. Richard Stanihurst a learned Irish Papist , ibid. Thomas Stapleton a learned Englishman , ib. Papinius Statius a good Poet , ib. D. Iosiah Stegman , ib. Didacus Stella , ib. Godeschalcus Stewichius , ib. Henry and Robert Stevens , 329 , 330 Stephanus Stephanius , 330 Io. Stobaus , ibid Stoicks the strictest Sect of the Philosophers , yet farre short of Christians , 5 D Stoughton a learned and pious Divine , 330 Strabo and Walfr . Strabo . ibid. Strabus Monachus Fuldensis , ib. Authour of the Ordinary Glosse , ib. Famianus Strada a famous Orator , Poet and Historian , ib. S●reso a learned Divine , 331 Victorinus Strigelius , when he lived , ib. Commended , ib. Kyriacus Strozza a great Philosopher , ib. Io. Guliel . Stuckius commended , ib. Ioannes and Iacobus Sturmins , ib. Fr. Suarez , 332 C. Suetonius Tranquillus a very faithfull Historian , 332 When he lived , ibid. Commended , ibid Suidas , ib. D. Sutlive , ib. Emanuel Sayno , ib. Fran. Swortius , ib. Roger Swinset or Suisset a famous English School Divine , ib. Commended , 332. m. Caspar Schwenckfeldius , 333 Frid. Sylburgius a great Grecian , ib. Symmachus , ib. Gul. Sympsonus and Edward Symson , ib. Michael Syncellus , ib. Synesius Cyreneus , ib. Syriack Language , 59 , 60 T COrnelius Tacitus , when he lived , 335. m. Commended , ibid. His History preferred before his Annals , ibid. Tadaus or Thadaeus , 336 Audomarus Talaeus Professor of eloquence at Paris , 336 Talmud , what it is , the Babylonian , and that of Ierusalem , ib. The two parts of it Mischna and Gemara , 336 Talisman made by Virgil , 355 Ruardus Tapperus , 336 Io and Paulus Tarnovius , ib. Alex. Tartagnus , ib. Tatianue Alexandrinus , 337 Friderieus Taubmannus a learned and pious man , ib. Ioh. Taulerus , ib. Francis Taylor and Dr Taylor , ibid. Sir William Temple , ib. Io. Temporarius , how long it is reported he lived , ib. Terence , when he lived , 337 , 338 Commended , ibid. & 38 ▪ & 63 m. Tertullian , where and when he was born , 338 The ancientst of the Latine Fathers , ib. Commended and censured , ib. Testament . The Greek Testament rare in Germany before Pellican , 285 Testamentum Novum , 338 Io. Ravisius Textor commended and censured , 339 Themistius , ibid. Themistocles , ib. Theocritus a famous Greek Poet , ib. Theodoret Bishop of Cyrus in Syria , ibid. Follows Chrysostom , ib. Theodotio Ponticus , ib. Theon a great Mathematician , ib. Theophanes , ib. Theophilus Antiochenus , 340 Theophrastus , why so called , ib. Commended , ibid. Theophylact Archbishop of Bulgaria the Epitomizer of Chrysostome , ib. When he lived , ib. Andrew Thevet Cosmographer to the French King , ib. Tholouse , 86 Herbert Thorndike , 340 Iacobus Augustus Thuanus a most faithfull Historian , 350 Commended , ib. & 351 Thucidides , when he lived , 341. m. Commended , 341 Tibullus a most elegant Poet , 341 Daniel Tilenus a learned man , but inconstant , ibid. Andreas Tiraquellus commended , ibid. Hath illustrated Alexander ab Alexandro his Genialium dierum , ibid. Iacobus Tirinus a learned Jesuite , ib. Toledo . 88 Toleration , Whether of many Religions lawfull , 216 Not of the Papists , and how far of the Jews , 26 , 27 Fr. Toletus a learned Cardinal and Jesuite 342 His Commentary on Iohn commended , 342 Himself commended , ib. m. Honoured by the Pope , ib. Iacobus Philippus Thomasinus , ib. George Thompson , ib. Cutbert Tonstall , ib. Torquatus Tassus a learned Poet , 343 Aug. Torniellus a learned and diligent Italian Historian , ib. Levinus Torrent●us commended , ib. A great Poet , ib. Ioannes Tortellius , ib. Tortura Torti commended , 115 , 116 Daen. and Paul Tossanus , 343 Georgius Trapezuntius whence so called , ib. Lost his Learning in his old-age , ib. Walter Travers a learned and piovs Diviue , ib. Lucas Trelcatius , 344 Immanuel Tremellius commended , 344 Trier . 69 Iac. Triglandins , 344 Trinity-Colledge in Oxford , 99 In Cambridge , 101 Trinity Hall in Cambridge , 97 Io. Trithemius when he lived . 344 Commended , ib. Very skilfull in Magick , 344 Trivial Schools , why so called , 38 Mart. Trostius , 344 Tubing , 69 , 70 Turin , 79 Turks , their Religion , 89 Their abstinence and sobriety , 9 They prepare themselves to prayer by outward washing , 10 Adrianus Turnebus Professor of Philosophy and Greek to the French King in Paris , 344 Commended , ib. m. & 345 Benedict Turretine a learned Frenchman , 345 Franciscus Turrianus , ib. Iacobus Tusanus a singular Grecian , ib. Dr. Twisse a learned English Divine , who hath solidly refuted the Arminians , ibid. Pontus Tyardaeus , ib William Tyndall commended , 346 A Distick on him , ib. V IOachimus Vadianus the chiefest Cosmographer of his time , 346 Matthaeus Vayerus , ib. Valentia . 89 Gregory de Valentia a very learned Jesuite 346 A Booksellers Speech of him , 347 Petrus Valladanus a learned French Minister , 346 Valladolis . 89 Valerius Maximus good for Themes , 347 Verses of him , ib. Laurentius Valla commended and censured , 347 , 348 Cyprian de Valera , 348 Lucas Valerius the Archimedes of his age , ib. Henry and Franciscus Vallesius , ib , Marcus Varro highly commended , 348 , 349 His Etymologies are somewhat forced 349 Gabriel Vasquez the Papists most expert Schoolman , ib. Franciscus Vatablus a famous French Hebrician , 349 , m. Iohn Udall a learned and pious Diviue , ib. Nic. Vedelius a learned French Writer , ibid And. Vega one of the learnedst at the Councel of Trent , 349 Flavius Vegetius . ibid Marcus Velserus , when he lived , ibid. m. Commended , 349 , 350 Venantius Honorius . 350 Venice . 76 , 77 Claudius Verderius the great Censurer , 350 Paulus Vergerius an eloquent Lawyer and Philosopher . ibid Turned Protestant . ib. Iacobus Verheidenus . 351 Verse . Which Verse in Virgil the Devil judged to be best , 141 Andreas Vessalius , where and when he was born , 351 A famous Anatomist . ibid Sextus Aurelius Victor a most elegant Historian . ibid. When he lived . ibid. Hugo and Richardus de S. Victore , ib. Fr. à Victoria , why so called , ibid Commended , ibid. Victorinus Afer . 352 Petrus Victorius a singular Grecian , ibid , Marcus Hieron , Vidas an excellent Poet. ibid. Vienna . 72 Franciscus Vieta a learned French Mathematician , 352 Nic. Vignerius Father and Son . ib. Io. Baptista Villalpandus a learned Divine and Mathematician . ibid Arnaldus de Villa-Nova . 353 Simon Villa-Novanus commended , ib. Alexander de Villa Dei . ib. Laurentius Villa Vincentius a Spaniard . ibid. Hyperius stole from his whole Book . ibid. Vilna . 87 Vincentius Belluacensis . 353 Vincentius Lirinensis . ib. Petrus de Vineis . ibid. Elias Vinetus a most learned and eloquent man . 354 Antonius Viperanus . ibid Petrus Viretus an eloquent French Divine 354 Virgilius a Bishop in Bavaria condemned for an Heretick , for affirming , that there were Antipodes , 354 Polyd. Virgilius , or Vergilius , when he lived , 354 Commended and censured , ibid Publius Virgilius Maro the stately Poet , 354 Whether Virgilius or Vergilius . ib. Commended , ibid. ● 355 His Distick on the Palace-gate of the Emperour Augustus , with its interpretation . ibid. Why called Parthenius . ib. Vitae , Lives of divers mentioned . 355 356 Io. Annius Viterbiensis taxed for his cheating . 355 Gotfridus Vitebergensis commended . 356 Vitellio hath written excellently on the Opticks , ib. Iacobus de Vitriaco . ib. Lewes Vives flockt after in Oxford . 357 Commended . ibid. m. Ulphilas , when he lived , ib. Named several wayes . ib. m. Ulpian a great Lawyer . ibid University-Colledge in Oxford . 96 Universities . 65 ▪ to 105 Gisbertus Voetius a learned Dutch Divine Professor of Divinity at Utrect . 357 Raph Volateranus , when he lived . ib. Verses of him , ibid. Commended , ibid. m Melchior Volmarus Beza's Master , a great Grecian , 357 ▪ 358 Conradus Vorstius learned but heretical . 358 Gerard Iohn Vossius highly commended . ibid. His Historia Pelagiana most disliked ibid. Upsall . 75 Urbane the 8th Pope a good Poet. 358 Fulvius Ursinus a most learned Antiquary . ib. Zachary Ursin a learned and solid Divine , ib. Where born , ib. Was sparing of time , as the Verses over his Study shew'd , ibid. Abbas Urspergensis . 359 Bishop Usher the hundredth Archbishop of Armagh from Patrick . ibid. Commended , ibid Iansenius much beholding to him for his Sanctus Augustinus . ibid His several Works mentioned , and some of them commended , 359 , 360 Carolus Utenhovius a great Linguist , 360 Bonaventura Vulcanius Brugensis commended , ib. Utrect . 60 W WAdham Colledge in Oxford . 99 Luc. Waddingus . 360 Sir Isaac Wake the University Orator at Oxford . ibid Robert Wakefield a learned English Hebrician . ibid. Antonius Walaeus an orthodox solid Divine . ibid. Waldenses not the Albigenses . ibid Famous for three things . ibid Their first original . ibid. & 361 Dr Wallis . 361 Nic Waltherus . ibid. Samuel Ward and Dr Ward . ibid. Sir Iames Ware . ib. Gasper Waserus a learned Linguist . ib. Dr Wats . ibid Guliemus Watsius commended . 362 Geo. Weiganmeirus . ib. Mar. Frider. Wendelinus . ibid. Io. de Wesalia . ibid Matthaeus Wesembechius , when and where born . ibid. A learned Lawyer . ib. His Epitaph made by and for himself before his death . ibid Wesselus Groningensis commended . 362 , 363 Matth. Westmonasteriensis , when he lived . 363 A famous Historian . ibid Elizabeth Weston a learned English woman . ib. Commended by Ioseph Scaliger and Ianus Dousa . ib. William Whately commended . ib. Deg. Wheare the learned History Reader in Oxford . ibid Abraham Whe●lock the first Arabick Professor in Cambridge . ib. Dr William Whitaker highly commended ib. Ieremy Whitaker . 364 D. Iohn White and Thomas White . ibid Archbishop Whitgift . 364 His Uncles Speech of the Popish Religion . ib. He wrote his Notes in Latine before he preacht them . ib. Iohn Wicliff a most incomparable Schoolman . 365 Followed Ockam much . ib. Iohn Hus was his Sholler . ib. When he flourished . ibid. Called Doctor Evangelicus , ib. Where born and brought up . 365 Commended . ibid. Some Speeches of his mentioned . ibid. Some of his Errours recited . ib. Roger Widdrington a learned School-Divine , his right name was Preston . 366 Defended the Oath of Allegiance . ib. Albertus Widmanstadius well skilled in the Oriental Tongues . ib. Put forth almost all the New Testament in Syriack . ib. Ioannes Wierus a learned Germane , ib. Io. Wigandus , when and where born . ib. His Epitaph for himself . ib. The Scriptures with which he sustained himself on his death-bed . ib. Doctor Willet a laborious godly Divine . ib. Ralph Winterton Greek Professour in Cambridge . Nigellus Wircker an ancient Poet , ibid. Wittenberg . 70 Wirtzburg . 69 Iohn and Ierom Wolphius commended . 367 Women . Learned Women . 156 , 167 , 171 , 185 , 186 , 213 , 228 , 315 , 321 Olaus Wormius Professor of Physick in Hafnia . 367 Anthony , Edward and Sir Henry Wotton , ibid. Iohn Wouwerius Councellour to the Prince of Holsatia . ib. Commended . ibid. & 368 He turned Papist . 368 George Wyrth turned Protestant in his old age . ib. X FRancis and Ierom Xavier both Jesuites 368 Ierom Xavier hath written the History of Christ in the Persian Language , and corrupted it with many fables and superstitious niceties . Ludovicus De Dieu turned it into Latine , with Animadverversions , ib. Xenophon commended . ib. Scipio Africanus alwayes carried with him his Institution of Cyrus . 369 Francis Ximenes Cardinal , Archbishop of Toledo , famous for the Biblia Complutensia and the magnificent University at Complute . 369 Io. Xiphilinus . ib. William Xilander , when born , ib. Commended . ib. Y Dr. YOung . 369 Z FRranciscus and Iacobus Zabarella . 370 Zaccutus Lusitanus . ib. Hieronymus Zanchius a solid and pious Divine . ib. One of the most Scholastical among the Protestants . ib. Iosephus Zarlinus a famous Musician : ib. Ioannes Ulricus Zasius . 370 Zenodotus . 371 Guliel . Zepperus a learned Protestant Writer . ib. Iacobus Zeiglerus a great Mathematician . ib. Bernard Zigler . ib. Zoilus . ib. Iohannes Zonaras a Greek Monk , when he flourished . 371 Zosimus . ib. D. Zo●ch a learned Civilian of Oxferd . ib. Vigilius Zuichemus commended . 372 Theodorus and Iacobus Zuingerus . 372 Huldricus Zuinglius , when he lived . ib. Commended . 372 , 373 Slain in battel . 373

THE AUTHORS and their WORKS to which I was chiefly beholding for the Compiling of this TREATISE . A ACademiarum quae aliquando fuerunt , & hodiè sunt , in Europa Catalogus . M●lch . Adami vitaeGerm . Theol. Iuriscons . Polit. Med. & Phil. Bibliotheca Script . Societ . Iesu a Philippo Alegambe Edita . Leo Allatius his Apes Urbana . Alstedii Encyclopaedia . Althusii Orat. Panegyr . de necessitate & Antiq Schol. Amamae Paraen . de excitandis SS. linguarum studiis . Amyraldus de Secessione ab Ecclesia Romana . Antiquitates Britannicae written by Iocelin , but because of his rough style polished by D. Haddon . Arnobius adversus gentes . Aschami Epistolae . Athenae , Batavae , Belgicae . Azorii Institutiones Morales . B BAcons Advancement of Learning . Balaeus de Script . Britan. Hadrianus Barlandus de Hollandia . Baudii Epist. Beckmanni Manuductio ad Ling. Lat. Bellarm. de Scriptoribus Ecclesiae . Bembi Epist. Bezae Epist. & Icones . Bibliander de ratione communi omnium Linguarum . Bibliotheca Hispanica . Blancani Chronol. Math. Bocharti Geographia Sacra . Bodini Method . Hist. Boissardi Icones . Boxhornii Monumenta Illustrium virorum & Theat. Hollandiae . Tych. Brah. opera . Brerewoods Enquiries . Buchanani Rerum Scot. Hist. & Epig. Buddeni Wainfleti 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . C PEt. Vict. Cajet. Palm . Paradig . Ling. Syr. &c. Caius De Antiq. Cant. Acad. Calvini Epist. & De necessitate reformat . Eccles. Calvis . Chronol. Camerarii Hor. Subces . Cael. Secund. Cur. Orat. Campiani opera . Casaub Epist. Castellanus De Claris Medicis . Caussin ▪ Eloq Sac. & Hum. Paralel . Cham. Corp. Theol. & Epist. Iesuit . Clenardi Epist. Hermanni Coring . De Antiq. Acad. Dissertat . Crakanth . Log. & de ▪ Provid . Dei . Pet. Crinitus . De Poetis . Crines . Discursus De Confus . Ling. Lud ▪ Croc ▪ in Ficinum de relig. Christ . Cunaeus de Repub. Heb. D DIlher ▪ Disputat . Acad. Down . in Chrysost. Duret . Histoire Des Langues De Cest Univers . E COnstantini L'Empereur Not. in Benjam . Erasmi Epistolae . Erpenii Orat ▪ de lingua Arabica . F MArsilius Ficinus de relig. Christiana . Julius Firmicus Maternus de errore profanarum religionum . Ubert Folietae Elogia . Forbes . Instruct. Historico . Theol. Foxes Acts and Monum . Joan. Jac. Frisii Bibliotheca Philos. Fuligatti vita Bellarm. Fulleri Miscel. G GAssend . de vita Peireskii . Geneb . Chronol. Alber. Gentil . laudes Academiae Parisinae & Oxon. Gentiletti Exam. Concil. Trid. & Apol. pro Christianis Gallis Relig. Reform . Gerh. Confes. Cathol. contra Pontificios , & Patrologia . Gesneri Bibliotheca & Mithridates cum Commont . Gasp. Waseri . Godw. Rerum Anglic. Annales . De Praesul . Ang. Comment. Grotius De relig. Christ . & ejus Epist. Grynaei Epist. Gualdi vita Pinelli . Lil. Gyrald . De Po●t . Histor. H ELias Hasenmulerus Hist. Ord. Iesuit . Helvici Chronol ▪ Systema . Controvers. Theol. & Chronol ▪ qua Christiano cum Iudaeis intercedunt . Hentzneri Itinerarium Germaniae , Ang. Gal. Ital. Herald . Animadvers . ad Arnob. Hieron . de Script . Eccles. Hortensii dissertat . de stud . Matth. Animadvers Hottomani Ad Ius Att. & Rom. Salmas ▪ Humfredi vita Iuelli . I LUdovicus Jacobus De Claris Scriptoribus Cabiolonensibus . Illyr. Catal. Test. verit . Paul . Jov. Elog. Doctorum virorum . Francisci Junii Academia . L L. LAnsii Orat. Leand. Albert. Descript. Ital. Lectius de vita Sadeelis . Leland . Comment. in Cyg . Cant. & Collectan . de vir . Illust. Samuel Lukener of the Universities . Geor. Lil. Anglorum Reg. Chronicon . Lips . Epist. Lovanium & Not. ad Lib. Polit. Longolii Epist. & vita . M PAul . Manutii Epist. Papyrii Massonii Elogia . Meibomii Moec●nas . Jos. Merceri Notae in Tacitum . Merulae Cosmog . Meursii Athenae Bat. Jac. Middendorpius De Academiis . Auberti Miraei Elogia . Montac . Apparat. & Antidiat . Arias Montan. Praf . in sacr. Bibl. Peter du Moulin Anatomie de la Messe . N NAudaeus De studio Militari . Ad vis pour dresser une Bibliotheque . Neand. Geog. Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca Imagin●m Illustriam Doct●inae vel ingenii laude virorum . Nomenclator Sanctae Rom. Eccl. Cardinal . O OLymp ▪ Fulv. Mor. Epist. Onuphrius Panvinius de vitis Pontificum . P PAntaleon De viris Illust. Germ. Math. Par. Hist. Ang. Paschasii Icones & Recherches de la France Pena De usu Optices . Suffridus Petrus De Scriptoribus Frisiae . Pezel . Mellific . Hist. Photii Histor. Biblioth . Pignor. Symbol . Epist. Platina De vitis Pontificum Romanorum . Mounsieur Plessis Memoires . Pocock . Not. Miscel. in Port. Mos. Deliciae Poetarum . Polani Orat. Politiani Epist. & opera Miscellanea . Possev . Apparatus & Bibliotheca selecta . Q QUintil . Institut. Orat. R RAmi Scholae Mathem . Epist. Orat. & Praefat. Laurent . Rhod ▪ Orat. de Lingua Graeca . Joachimus Fortius Ringelbergius De ratione studii . Angeli Rocchae Bibliotheca vaticana Romae . S SAdolet . Epist. Scaev. Sammarth . Elog. Gall. doct. illust . Savil. Not. in Chrysost. & Lect. in Euclid . Anton. Sanderus De Script . Fland. De Gandav . & Burg. Erudit . Claris. Julii & Josephi Scalig. Epist. Jul. Scal. Hypercritica , & Jo. Scal. De emendat . Temp. Bernardinus Scardeonius De Clar. Med. & Philos. Patav. Schickardi Beckinath . Happeruschin . Scultetus de curriculo vitae . Seldenus De Syned. vet. Ebr. De Diis Syris Syntagma . Sixt. Senens . Biblioth. Sanct. Jodoc . Sincer. Itin. Gal. Sleid. Comment. Henr. Steph. De Lipsii Latinitate . Famiani Stradae Prolus ▪ Hist. Franc Swertii Athenae Belgicae . T THeatre Des Antiquites du Paris . Thevet Vies Des hommes Illustres . Thuani Historia . Tomasini Illust. vir . Elogia . Trithem . De Script . Eccles. & Catal. Illust. Vir. Turnebi Adversaria . Briani Twyni Antiq. Acad. Oxon. Apol. V JAcobi Vaget Period . Reg. Turc . Pier Valerianus De Literatorum infoelicitate . Valeri Andreae Bibliotheca Belgica . Vedel . Exercit. in Epist. Ignat. Antoine du Verdier Bibliotheque . Polyd. Verg. De invent . rerum . Jacob. Verheideni Essigies & Elog. Theol. qui Antichristum praecipuè oppugnarunt . Volat. Comment. Urb. Vitae Profes . Gron. Ludo ▪ Viv. De corrupt . Art . & Trad. Disc. Voet. Biblioth. Studios Theol. Ger. Jo. Vossius De Arte Grammatica . De Arte Historica . De Discip. Mathem . De Histor. Graec. & Lat. De Orig. & Progres . Idol . De Poetis Graec. & Lat. De vitiis Sermonis . Usserii Annal. De Britan. Eccles. Primord . & de Edit. LXX . Interp. W IS . Wake Rex Platon . Wakefield Orat. de laude & util ▪ trium Linguarum . Walaei Opera . Whear . Method . Leg. Hist. Wolfii Lect. Memorab . Olai Wormii Literaturae Danica . Musaeum Wormianum . Joan à Wower Epist. & de Polymathia Tractatus ▪ Z ZAnch . De Divinat . & Epist. FINIS .

A Postscript to the Reader .

REader , I shall desire thee to consider , that there is something in those Books of mine already published of this Argument , viz. in my choice Observations of the Romane Emperors , The Saints Incouragement in Evil Times , where I speak of the Martyrs and Luther , and also in my Body of Divinity , where I treat of the best Interpreters of Scripture , which with this I hope will be usefull for this particular Subject . Joseph Scaliger much disliked the trouble of making a Table or Index . Nam ego malim multis millibus Inscriptionum edendis operam dare , quam vel mediocrem Indicem texere . Scal. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 68. Philippus Iacobus Maussacus in Animadvers . upon Aristotles History de Animalibus , and Julius Scalig. Commentaries near the end hath these words , Plura paraveramus quae omittere coacti sumus , ob Typographorum supinitatem , qui nihil aliud quam errare sciunt : taedet pigetque tot mendorum . I would there were not cause for me to complain likewise in this kind . We have not Plantine nor Stevens amongst us . Where one makes use of divers Books besides his own , and the faults in printing be numerous , it is no easie task to specifie the chiefest Errata . I shall mention some things in the general here , and particularize the other Errata after . Wherever Volatterane is quoted Comment. Urban should follow . p. 115. and in the Table reade , Anacreon a Poet of Greece , false interpunctions there are too many . as for ae p. 19. m l. 32. & p. 20. l. 41. & ae for as , p. 217. m. l. 12. as for us . p. 87. l. 4. & 86. l. 18. & 106 m. l. 43. p. 108. m. l. 25. 170 m. l. 18. us for as . p. 186. l. 11. m. 207. l. 12. the Italique Character not observed . p. 21. l. 27. p. 101. l. 13. p. 139. l. 8. m. & 16. not in the right Character . p. 140. m. l. 30. p. 142. m. l. 31. p. 196 m. l. 8. a letter wanting . p. 25. l. 5. p. 31. m. l. 12. p. 75. m. l. 38. p. 88. l. 15. p. 127. l. 30. a letter too much . p 35. m. l. 13. p. 38 l. 30. p. 115. l. 5. p. 117. l. 37. p. 149. m. l. penult. p. 156. m. l. 13. p. 177. l. 14. p. 189. l. 6. p. 195. m. l. 39. p. 209. l. 2. p. 227. m l. 4. p. 242. l. 7. p. 246. m. l. 7. p. 290. l. 8. a syllable too much . p. 67. m. l. 13. p. 98. m. l. 12. p. 211. m. l. 12. one letter for another . p. 56. l. 21. p. 65. m. l. 21. p. 68. l. 31. p. 69 m. l. 20. p. 73. l. 11. p. 92. l. 29. p. 103 m. l. ult. p. 109. m. l. 9. p. 112. l. 9 & . 18. p. 112. m. l. 16. p. 114. m. l. 30. p. 117. l. 2. & 25. p. 139. l. 8. p. 143. l. 18. p. 150. m. l. 26. p. 153. l. 7. p. 155 m. l. 3. p. 157. m l. 17. p. 159. m. l. 11. p. 164. m. l. 32. p. 194. l. 11. p. 201 m. l. 34. p. 220. m. l. 24. p. 261. l. 4. words parted where they should be joyned . p. 127. l. 6. & m. l. 27. p. 149. l. 9. p. 160. m. l. 55. p. 322. m. l. 29. words joyned which should be severed . p. 139. m. l. 7 p. 165. l. 6. p. 220. m. l. 53. words misplaced . p. 134. l. 20. p. 140. m. l. 22. Chronological mistakes , as p. 69. l. 28. 1346 p. 100. l. 22. 375. p. 191. m. l. 48 , 49. ante Christum 432. p. 213. l. 36. Anno Dom. 600. p. 61. m. l. 34. & p. 213. l. 30. & 31.

Graiis Ingenium , Graiis dedit ore rotundo Musa loqui .

ERRATA .

PAg. 2. l. 11. m. relegerent . p. 3. l. 36. Ficin●● . p. 7. m. l. 54. innix●● . p. 15. l. 4. Bishopricks . p. 16. l. ult. initam . p. 18. l. 30. Sancti . p. 18. l , 25. m. Romani . ib. l. 28. religienem . l. ult m ▪ tollendum . p. 19. m. l. 32. Graecae . ib. l 33 perui . ib. l. 34. Hieronymi . p. 21. l. 36. m. canponationem exquisitissimis . p. 22. l. 51. m , no●●m . p. 32. l. 15. eleven . ib. l. 48. were . p. 33. l. 15. m. Apostolorum . p. 34. l. 48 , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . ib. did not promise p. 37. l. 22. m. videndo . p. 38. l. 6. Orthoepia p. 38. l. 30. m. spacio . p. 41. l , antepen . m. etiam inventi . p. 42. l. 6. duplicatum Leucam . ib. l. 17. fuerit . p. 43. l. 14. m. motuum scientiam . ib. l. 36. jucundius , p 44. l. 36. diametrically . ib. l. 38. Arohidiacon●s . ib. m. l. 22. Ioan●i● . ib. l. 45. Benedictium . p. 46. l. 29 m. pertexit . p 47. l. 38. m. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . p. 48. l. 10. Hex●meter . ib. l. 12. Deuteronomy . ib. l. pen. m. ita enim . p. 50. l. 11. m. Artis . ib. l. 36 ▪ fideritis . p. 51. l. 10. m. quid . ib. l. 34. comprobavit . p. 52. l. 54. m 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . p 55. l. 25. m. di●ioni . p. 57. l. 19. 320. for 1320 p. 59. l 27. m. Rabbi . p. 60. l. 32 m. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . p. 61. l. 37 m. Virgilium p. 63. l. 9. Silius ib. m. l. antepen corpori . p. 65. l. 27. m. tueantur . p. 67. l. 21. m. cioquentiâ . p. 69. l. 28. 1346 p. 71. l. 37. Iohannes . p. 72. l. 29. Mardenus . ib. l. 32 divulged . ib. m. l. 29. Nonni ib l. 30. elucubrati . p. 73. l. penult Vuscan . ib. l. 6. m. fluvius Dilia labitur . p. 74. l 6. m. Manuscriptorum . p. 75. l. 17. Turin . p. 76. l. 19. Unam . ib. m. l. 17. Hieronym●s . p. 77. l. 1. master to Barthol●s . ib. l 17 paralleld . p. 78. l. 11. Caelius Calcagninus . ib. l. 1● . m ▪ 1497. a Christo. p. 79. l. 26. m. evocatus . p 80. l. 18. m. optimâ falubri temperis . p. 81. l. 1. anum . p. 83. l. 37 ▪ m Turnebus . p. 84. l. 21 ●racow , p. 85. l. 47. Chlotildis . p. 85. l. 13. m. pincernae . ib. l. 23. m. inditum . p. 87. l. 10. Cracovia . p. 88. l. 20. Conimbra Saguntum . p. 89. l. 33. Henares . ib , l. 4. m. incelebris . p. 90. l. 6. Sig●enca . p. 92. l. 16 sapi●mus . ib. l 18 est . p. 92. l. 41. inqui●ivi . ib. l. 27 m. offende●am . p. 93. l. penult. m. septi●gentesimo nongentesimo . p 94. l. 6. humantoresque . p. 95. l. 10. to Scholars joyn Mathematicians and Schoolmen . ib. l. 32. m. undique . p. 97. l. 1● . m. ●orevisia . ib. l. 31. Wickam . ib. l. ult. Europaei . p. 98. l. 20. m. institutione . p. 100. l. 10 ▪ Magdalenae . p. 101. l. 7. tractatum . l. 13 D'Ewes . ib. l. 14. m. haec . p. 103. l. 5. Col. ledge . ib. l. penult. m. plurimis in locis monasteria condiderius ▪ l. 12. in Trinity-Colledge , p. 105. l. penult. m. excusum . p. 106. l. 26. m. referendarius . p. 107. l 4. m. Stratagematum . p. 108. l. 11. Aeliam libri . ib. l. 26. nervosum . ib. l. 27. lectoris . p. 110. l. 4. m. edidit . ib. l. 28. Toreu●ices . p. 111. l. 9 m. pi●acothecam . p. 113. l. 51. m. effe●atos . p. 114. l. 15. Di●acus . p 118. l. 9. Aquinum Abrazzo . p. 121. l. 40 poetrias . p. 123. l. 33. m. Fulvio . p. 124. l. 1. ●ttratum . ib. l. penult. Pinacotheca . p. 125. l. penult. m. diligentissimus . p. 127. l. 4. Iudicium de certamine Eglissemii cum Buchan●no . ib. l. 41. abelli . cum . p. 128. l. 36. Ronsards . l. 16. m propositus . ib. l. 28. peccato . ib. l. 29. Metaphysicas . ib. l. 4● . Vasco●icè . p. 129. l. 25. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , p. 130. l. 6. Durham . p. 131. l. 28. buy . l. 21. m. Academia . ib. l. 24. Bellarminus . p. 132. l. 21. patriae habebas . ib. m. l. 25. illâ stante . p. 133. l. 38. Clarevalle . ib. l. 41. Romani . p. 135. l. 16. m. Patriarcha . ib. l. ●3 fatis . p. 1 , 6. l. 23. m sexcenties . p. 136. l. penult. quam . p. 137. l. 33. Universitate . p. 138. l. 1. Prunaeus . ib. l. 4. Anth●logia . ib. l. 17. Pirkhei●●rus . ib. l. 23. joyn to Becket Archbishop , &c. l. 30. Turrianus . l. 32. Declaration . l. 32. Perron . l. 15. m. Suburbicariis . p. 139. l. ult. m ▪ cepit . p. 140. l. 15. m. comparari . p. 141. l. 30. consultationis . ib. l. penult. m. spretos . p. 143. l. 1. Phaenome●●s . p. 144. l. 4. decease . ib. l. antepen m. three French . l. penult six Italians Actius Sincerus Sannazarius , &c. p. 146. l. 16. m. derelinquas . ib. l , 34. hunc . p. 150. l. 4. unquam omiserit . p. 151. l. 45. m. distingui . ib. l. 15. est . ib. l. 22. consiliario . p. 152. l. 13. m perstringat . p. 153. l. 43. m. commentitiis . p. 154. l. 14. Nentis . ib. l. 45. m. cupiditates . ib. l. penult. summè perdelectabatur . ib. l ▪ penul● . m pu●ri somnum expergefacto , &c. p 155. l. 13 historiam . p. 156. l. 11. his notes on Theophrastus ▪ his characters . lin. an●epenult. marg. confluxisse . pag. 160. lin. 21. Poetam . ib. lin. 20. m. esorit . p. 161 l. ult. Hasenmul . p. 162. l. 15. dominio . ib. l. 35. beati . p. 164. l. 23. Livius . ib. l. 25. m. neque . p. 165. l. 6. Aponi . l. 28. m. illa . p. 166. l. 22. Gluverius . ib. l. antepen . Argonautes . p. 167. l. ult. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . ib. l. 30. m. redditas . ib. l. 39. m. edat . p. 168 l. 30. Pogonatus Barbatus . ib. l 15. m. Monothelitas . pag. 169. l. m. Annus 1530. omnium . ib. l. 14. exhibitione . p. 170. l. 12. derivari . p. 171. l. 14 terrellam parvam . ib l. 17. inconvenientiae . p. 172. l. 31. m. Ioannis . p. 173. l. 21. m. Iusjurand Hippocratis . p. 174. l. 22. Cruciger . l. 13 m. Tatius . p. 175. l. 48. m de . ib. l. 50 quorum . p. 176. l. penult. m Valentimaeno . p. 177. l. 32. Controversiarum habituali . ib. l. ult. m. joyn to adversus Pontificem Iul. 2 d , &c. p. 178. l. 8. parallacticae . ib. l. 20. Oration . ib. l. penult. m. Heliogabalus . p. ●81 . ● . 19. professio . p. 182. l. 19. m. venustate . ib. l. 31. oraculum . p. 183. l. 8. Tomo . ib. l. 21. m. Maximilianus . p. 184. l. ●4 . m. justitiaeque . p. 191. l. 21. materia . ib. l. 28. odere curiosos . ib. l. 24. claros . ib. l. 3. m. qui. ib. l. 26. insula . ib. l. antepen . Aerae mundi . p. 192. l. 11. particular . p. 194. l. 1. qui viz. Iac. Faber . l. 2. tegit . p. 195. l. 28. ab . ib. l. 27. m. melius . ib. l. 28. nemo . ib. l. 39. martyre . p. 196. l. 12. m. Poetis . ib. l. 21. gravissimi . p. 197. l. 10. m. Hi duo . p. 198. l. 21. m. Vindelicorum . ib. l. 22. coepit . ib. l. 35. tersae . ib. l. 35. recipiendis . p. 199. l. 7. inhaerentem . ib. l. 16. m. summum . p. 200. l. 12. crupit . ib. ● . 30. pectora ib. l. ●4 . m. aucupentur . p. 201. l. 11. compendiaria . l. 15. dele & . p. 204. l. 13. m. aliquoties . ib. l. 35. Nihil . l. 26. Galilaeus Galilaei . pag. 205. lin. 16. marg. potucrit . ib. lin. 32. locupletaverit . pag. 206. lin. ult. annuli . pag. 208. lin. 36. Magni tu Gerso . ibid. lin. 39. marg. pervicerat . lin. antepenult. m. edidit . pag. 209. lin. 7. emanavit . ibid. lin. 35 ▪ 600. or rather 560. pag. 215. l. 14. Nominis & magni magna cupido tibi est . l. 24. Apologeticus . l. antepen . m. scitu . p. 216. l. 12. m. paulo . l. 7. celeberrimus . l. 10. Ferrariae . l. ●2 . ediderit . l. 13. Academicorum . p. 217. l. 13. m. quorum . l. 12. Bibliothecas . p. 218. l. 14. Hammond . 28. honourable . p. 219. l. 7. m. restituerat . p. 220. l. 34. m. IX . or XI . p. 221. l. 16. nutat . l. 26. Selden . l. 21. m. reseratis . l. 43. Caussin . l. 21. donavi . p. 222. l. 2. Eobanus . l. 23. Bronchorst . p. 223. l. 7. m. conciliavit . p. 124. l. 29. perfectè or profecto . l. 32. m. postquam . l. 58. jucundus . p. 227. l. 5. indicem . l. penult. illustris . Satyra Nemo . l. 25. m. originem . p. 228. l. 16. m. concionibus . p ▪ 229. l. 1. Voragine . l. 34. m. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . p. 231. l. 8. peccato . l. 17. Quiroga Sandoval . l. 35. emporium . l. 10. m. peritos . scil. illos . p. 233. l. 14. m. obnoxium . l. 15. ob . p. 236. l. penult. m. pandectarum . p. 237. l. 7. Arabiois . l. 44. m. voluptatis . p. 238. l. 24. semper . l. ult. ●as●●niti . p. 239 l. 15. m. sequuntur . l. 18. Kircherus . p. 240. l. 13. ad pietatem non accendit . l. 20. utrumque . l. penult. m. aetates . p. 241. l. 10. Valerii . l. 18. Lavaterc . l. 31. m. putaverit . p. 242. l. 9. descriptio . l. 39. m. authore ( Iacobo . p. 243. l. 15. simi●tudinum . l. 39. m. Iovio . l. antepen . Lascarem . p. 244. l. Io. Meursii . l. 15. magistro . p. 245. l. 1. Ramus . l. antepen . m. ille Itaelorum . p. 246. ● . ●9 saeculi . l. 44. m Batavorum . l. 47. Annibal . l. 48. tessellato . p. 247. l. 3. aurem . l. 17 ▪ whatsoever . p. 248. l. 11 pontificios . l. 16. parisina . l. 19. m. placueritque . l. 16. infigniverint . l. 38. dedissent . l. 43. aptanda . l. 30. m. Ger. p. 249. l. 36. m. an n●m . l. 37. spurcissimus . p. 250. l. 3. Cornhill . ib. l. 5. auctor . l. 11 ▪ m. antiquum . l. 20. praestitisse . p. 251. l. 6. calam● . l. 10. Ly caphron . p. 252. l. 22. da. l. 23. Virgilioque . p. 253. l. 21. m. Cordubae . p 255. l. 17. dele Paulus Aldi filius . l. 24. paints . p. 256 l ▪ antepen . m. requirant . p. 258. l. 21. m. dignissimus . p. 259. l. 15. Gosmus . l. 31. maximus . l. 20. m. Chrysolorae . ●p. 260 l. pen. m. Tu. p. 261. l. 2. venies . l. 34. 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . Melissus . l. 48 Rupelmond . p. 262. l. 9 ▪ m. Schol●i prodiisse constet quicunque . l. 19. Nonium . l. 27. Mercurialis . l. penult. m. principibus . p. 263. l. 14. literas . l. antepen . qui sunt ▪ fuerunt . l. 8. m. dele sub . p. 264. fere nesciat . l. 8. nidificat . l. 8. m. Italicus . p. 265. l. 24. quantulacunque . l. 25. impertitus . l ult. puellorum . p. 266. l. 3 m Ioannis . l. 22. pegma . sive . l. 23. cervicem . p. 267. l. 25. Her● . l. 42. m. tantos . l. 44. illud . p. 270. l. 2. Napier the younger a Scot L. of M. p. 271. l. 5. m. versatus . l. 11 excitavit . p. 272. l. 14. conscientiae . l. 38. sacrae . p. 273. l. 4. Nonnus Panopolitanus . l. antepen . homine Scoto l. penult. Scotum ipsum . p. 274. l. 45. verum patrem . l. 42. m. Onuphrio ●e . p. 275. l. 47. m. in . p. 276. l. 34 detestatus . l 28. m sane . l. antepen . Cynicos . p. 279. l. 10 , 11. Sentences . l. 38. Panigarola . p. 280. l. 31. Mellificium . p. 281. l. 12 ● . expilaverit . l. 30. cruci . l. 32. purit . p. 282. l. 20. Syllabus . l. 40. paralleli . l. 30. m. longè . p. 283. l. 13 m. Doraui . l. antepen . Lampridius . p. 284. l. 30 decomptor . l. 9. m. Philostato . p. 285. l. 3. Longomontanus . l. 22. ornament . p. 286 l. 16. m. edidit . p. 287. l. 21. juventa . l. 36. tegit ossa Petrarchae . p. 288. l. 15 superstitione . l. 23 aestima . l. 22. m. docennium . l. penult. Hellenismi . l. ult. illit● . p. 228. versus finem Guid. Fabric . p. 289. l. 22 Oxford . l. 1. m. Lemnii . l. 3. Apollonii Tyanaei . l 46 ▪ elaboratos . p. 290. l. 30. Iuris Civilis . p. 292. l. 26. m. longum . p. 293. l. 29 pratermississe . p. 296. l. 4. contingebat . l. 9. m. invita Minerva . p. 297. l. 21. m. Coryphaeos . p. 298. l. 7. Calligraphia . l. 23. An●tomical . l. 31. m. vocarit . l. antepen ▪ ruri p. 300 l. penùlt . m. passionibus . p. 301. l. antepen . m. maximus . p 302. l. 7. m antequam . p. 304. l. 6. Genebrard . l. 26. Paschasius . p. 305. l. 34 m. languorem . l. 35. Eclipsin . p. 306. l. ult. m. demonstranti . p. 307. l. 26 m. quamplurimum . p , 308. l 41. m. annuum . p. 310. l. 5. Rollock . l. 33. orner . l. 24. m. tant . l. 25. moins . p , 311. l. 23. vindiciae . p. 313. l. 62. m. vopiscum . p. 315. l. 31. ingenii . l 32. vetustas . p. 317. l. 29. veritatis . l. 28. m. metaphysices . p. 318. l. 16 abstrusis . l. 20. m. porco . p. 319. l. 12. co. l. 21. Metaphysicae .

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