THE
DESCRIPTION
OF
THE
KINGDOM
OF
NAPLES
.
THe
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
otherwise
called
the
Great
Sicilia
which
from
Faro
lieth
as
it
were
almost
an
Island
inclosed
with
three
Seas
,
the
Tirren
,
Ionian
,
and
Adriatick
,
hath
in
circuit
a
thousand
four
hundred
and
twenty
miles
,
Vfent
is
a
River
near
the
City
of
Ansure
,
now
called
Terracina
for
the
roughness
thereof
:
It
was
builded
by
Ansurus
the
son
of
Iupiter
.
being
accounted
only
by
land
from
the
mouth
of
the
River
Vsent
to
that
of
Tronto
,
a
hundred
and
fifty
miles
.
These
two
Rivers
,
the
one
runneth
into
the
Tirren
,
the
other
into
the
Adriatick
Seas
,
where
are
contained
,
besides
a
little
part
which
there
remaineth
of
Latium
,
many
Regions
which
the
people
of
the
Country
call
for
their
greatness
,
Provinces
,
the
which
(
according
to
the
division
made
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
second
,
by
King
Charls
the
first
,
by
King
Alfonsus
the
first
,
by
the
Catholick
King
,
and
by
Don
Ferdinando
the
Catholick
King
)
are
these
,
The
Land
of
Lavoro
,
the
Principality
on
this
side
,
The
Provinces
of
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
.
the
Principality
on
the
other
side
,
Basilicata
,
Calauria
on
this
side
,
Calauria
on
the
other
side
,
the
Land
of
Otronto
,
the
Land
of
Bary
,
Abruzzo
on
this
side
,
Abruzzo
on
the
other
side
,
the
County
of
Molise
,
and
Capi●anata
:
There
are
also
adjacent
unto
the
said
Kingdom
,
under
every
Province
,
certain
Islands
very
near
lying
round
about
,
as
in
the
Tirren
Sea
,
directly
against
Terracina
,
and
at
Gaeta
are
Ponza
,
and
Pandaria
,
now
called
Palmarola
,
by
Pliny
called
Pandatena
,
and
by
Strabo
,
Pandria
and
Pandaria
,
and
directly
against
Mola
Palmosa
is
Parthenope
,
so
called
by
Ptol●my
,
now
commonly
called
Bentetiene
,
and
against
Pozzuolo
is
Ischia
,
which
anciently
had
three
names
,
Inarime
,
Pitacuse
,
and
Enaria
.
There
are
near
Ischia
,
Prochita
,
and
the
Isle
Nessi
,
See
Virgil
in
the
end
of
the
fifth
Book
of
Aeneid●s
,
where
he
saith
,
Iamque
adeo
scopulos
syrenum
,
&c.
the
one
now
called
Procita
,
and
the
other
Nisita
.
There
is
against
the
Cape
of
Minerva
,
the
Isle
Capri
,
and
Sirenusse
directly
against
Passitano
,
which
are
two
little
Isles
,
the
one
called
Gale
,
the
other
St.
Peter
.
Opposite
to
Tropeia
,
and
to
Ricadi
,
are
the
Isles
Eolie
,
which
were
only
inhabited
by
the
Lipari
,
which
compasseth
sixteen
miles
,
all
the
rest
are
solitary
and
desert
,
and
retain
also
the
ancient
names
of
Stromboli
,
and
Vulcan
,
from
whence
continually
ariseth
fire
and
smoke
▪
In
the
Adriatick
Coast
are
Rasato
,
and
Gargano
,
directly
against
Varrano
,
and
the
four
Isles
of
Diomedes
,
The
Isles
of
Diomedes
,
called
by
Cornelius
Tacitus
in
his
4
book
Trimerus
.
which
now
by
one
name
are
called
Tremite
,
which
are
but
little
;
but
of
the
two
greater
,
the
first
is
called
St.
Mary
of
Tremite
,
the
other
St.
Doimo
,
and
the
two
lesser
,
the
one
Gatizzo
,
and
the
other
Capara
.
These
are
the
Isles
of
any
name
,
except
the
Rocks
which
are
comprehended
in
the
Confines
of
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
.
This
fortunate
and
great
Realm
exceedeth
all
other
Kingdoms
,
The
praise
of
the
Kingdom
.
not
only
by
reason
of
the
situation
,
lying
in
the
midst
of
the
fifth
Climate
,
which
is
held
the
most
temperate
part
of
the
world
,
but
also
for
the
great
abundance
of
all
good
things
,
being
not
any
thing
to
be
desired
,
which
is
not
there
to
be
found
,
of
so
great
perfection
,
and
in
so
great
plenty
.
It
is
Inhabited
by
people
so
warlike
and
generous
,
that
herein
it
gives
place
not
to
any
other
Country
,
I
will
not
say
only
of
Italy
,
but
of
all
the
world
besides
;
being
a
thing
well
known
to
all
men
,
that
the
most
valiant
Nations
,
the
Piligni
,
the
Samniti
,
the
Marsi
,
the
Frentani
,
being
so
well
known
in
the
Wars
of
Archidamus
,
and
of
Cleonimus
the
Spartan
,
of
Agatocles
the
Sicilian
,
of
Alexander
the
Epirote
,
of
Pyrrhus
of
Molossus
,
and
Hanniball
of
Carthage
,
and
in
the
civil
Wars
of
Iulius
Caesar
and
Pompey
,
and
other
Romans
,
these
People
have
valiantly
demeaned
themselves
,
and
in
latter
times
have
also
declared
their
prowesse
,
and
manifested
every
one
their
noble
acts
in
the
Wars
which
they
had
against
Alericus
and
Totila
,
ancient
enemies
of
these
noble
Provinces
.
This
happy
Kingdom
hath
also
produced
excellent
wits
in
all
Learning
and
wisdom
,
Men
and
women
endued
with
divers
Sciences
.
as
in
Philosophy
,
Aistossenes
,
Architas
,
and
Euritus
of
Tarentum
,
Filolous
,
Aremeones
,
Tela●ges
,
Aristeus
,
and
Rodippus
,
born
at
Cotron
,
Androdamus
of
Reggio
,
Parmenides
,
Zenon
,
and
Leucippo
of
Scalea
,
Hippasus
of
Metapont
,
Pythagoras
,
Timeo
,
Xenon
,
Filodamus
,
and
Euetus
of
Locris
,
a
Country
worne
out
with
antiquity
;
St.
Thomas
Aquinus
,
see
lib.
of
Metheora
.
Ocelus
of
Lucania
,
Stratonicus
of
Cuma
,
St.
Thomas
of
Aquin
:
Nearest
to
this
our
age
,
the
light
of
all
Learning
was
born
at
Naples
;
and
of
a
more
later
time
Augustin
,
Nifus
of
Sessa
,
and
Simon
Portius
a
Neopolitan
▪
neither
will
I
conceal
the
glory
of
the
Poets
and
Orators
which
have
honoured
this
Kingdom
.
Ennius
,
an
ancient
Poet
was
of
the
Country
of
Puglia
Rudia
,
Lucillus
of
Arunca
,
near
to
Benevento
,
Pacuvius
a
Tragical
Poet
of
Brindese
,
Venosa
may
boast
for
bringing
forth
Horace
,
as
also
Sulmona
Ovid
,
Regio
of
Theagenes
,
Ibicus
,
Cle●mines
,
Turia
is
a
Country
of
Calauria
,
anciently
called
Meta●tos
.
Marinus
florished
in
the
time
of
the
Emperor
Hadrian
,
and
writ
many
questions
of
Philosophy
,
as
Suida
noteth
.
and
of
Lodwick
Parisetus
a
youth
,
Croton
of
Orpheus
,
Turia
of
Stesicorus
,
a
Lirical
Poet
,
Nola
of
St.
Paulinus
Bishop
,
Napes
of
Achias
the
Master
of
Cicero
,
of
Pub.
Statius
,
of
Marinus
,
and
excellent
Orator
and
Philosopher
,
Disciple
of
Proelus
,
of
Porcellus
,
of
Iohn
Pontanus
,
and
Iacobus
Sannazaco
,
Amiternus
of
Salust
,
Capoa
of
Vittor
Bishop
,
an
eloquent
Orator
,
and
learned
Astrologian
,
Aquin
of
Iuvenal
,
and
of
Marcus
Tullius
Cicero
the
very
lightning
of
eloquence
.
This
said
Noble
Kingdom
hath
brought
forth
not
only
men
,
but
also
learned
women
,
which
have
been
very
excellent
in
Philosophy
,
as
Themistoclea
the
sister
of
Pithagoras
,
of
whom
she
learned
many
notable
things
,
and
Damea
the
daughter
of
the
same
Pithagoras
,
who
sufficiently
expressed
her
learning
in
expounding
the
difficult
opinions
of
her
Father
;
no
less
Myan
and
Arignote
her
said
daughters
,
have
been
excellent
in
the
same
profession
.
Artea
the
daughter
of
Aristippus
,
after
the
death
of
her
Father
,
maintained
while
she
lived
,
most
gloriously
the
School
,
and
held
the
Chair
of
Philosophy
.
In
the
Art
of
Poetry
have
been
very
excellent
,
Perilla
the
wife
of
Ovid
,
See
Stasius
in
the
end
of
his
3
Book
to
Claudia
.
Claudia
wife
of
P.
Statius
Papinius
Neapolitan
,
Violentilla
,
wife
of
Aruntius
Stella
Neapolitan
Consul
,
and
a
famous
Poet
;
Luscina
the
daughter
of
Stesicorus
,
a
Poet
of
Metaurus
in
Calabria
.
And
those
that
were
not
born
in
this
Kingdom
,
have
esteemed
it
a
place
worthy
of
their
life
,
of
their
leisure
,
and
of
their
studies
,
as
Plato
,
Vergil
,
Livy
,
and
Plotin
,
which
had
their
habitations
in
Villages
in
divers
places
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
there
composed
their
Works
holding
famous
Schools
;
for
which
cause
it
may
truly
be
accounted
a
happy
Kingdom
.
But
since
these
few
things
are
touched
in
general
,
but
as
it
were
passing
by
for
the
knowledg
thereof
,
I
will
now
endeavour
to
handle
them
in
particular
,
and
with
a
very
distinct
order
,
whereby
every
one
shall
clearly
understand
how
many
good
and
beautifull
things
that
whole
world
containeth
in
it
;
and
that
through
the
excellency
thereof
,
have
repaired
thither
so
many
and
so
strange
Nations
,
as
never
the
like
have
past
into
any
other
Kingdom
or
Province
,
as
well
to
inhabit
,
as
to
sack
and
ransack
the
same
.
And
to
speak
of
the
most
ancient
,
thither
have
come
the
Coni
,
the
Sicli
,
the
Morgeti
,
the
Enotri
,
the
Pelasgi
,
the
Ausoni
,
the
Etoli
,
the
Arunci
,
the
Etrusci
,
the
Osci
,
the
Opici
,
the
Cimerii
,
the
Lapigi
the
Liburni
,
the
Illirii
,
and
other
people
which
are
of
later
memory
,
even
continuing
to
this
our
time
,
as
the
Greeks
,
Goths
,
Lombards
,
Saracins
,
Normans
,
Germans
,
Frenchmen
,
Spaniards
,
and
also
the
Turks
have
attempted
to
overcome
it
.
But
leaving
to
discourse
any
more
in
general
,
I
will
proceed
with
a
particular
narration
of
every
Province
in
this
Kingdom
.
The
Land
of
LAVORO
,
The
First
Province
of
the
Kingdom
OF
NAPLES
.
THe
Fortunate
and
happy
Province
of
the
Land
of
Lavoro
,
called
of
the
Latines
,
Terra
Laboris
,
hath
on
the
East
the
River
Silare
,
on
the
West
Garigliano
,
now
called
Liris
,
on
the
North
the
Apennin
Mountains
,
and
on
the
South
the
Tirrene
Sea
:
the
length
thereof
wanteth
little
of
a
hundred
miles
,
The
length
and
breadth
of
the
Land
of
Lavoro
.
and
the
breadth
thirty
:
It
hath
been
inhahited
by
the
Osci
,
the
Arunci
,
the
Volosci
,
the
Ausoni
,
the
Cimerii
,
the
Samniti
,
the
Cumani
,
and
the
Picentini
.
It
hath
four
principal
Rivers
,
Garigliano
,
Vulturno
,
Sarno
and
Sele
,
which
as
they
are
between
them
,
little
wanting
of
an
equal
distance
,
so
alwaies
in
most
places
they
cannot
be
waded
.
This
Country
was
also
called
of
the
Latines
,
Campania
felix
,
it
was
called
happy
for
the
fertillity
and
fatness
of
the
earth
,
Campania
Felix
,
why
it
was
so
called
.
which
is
so
much
,
and
in
such
sort
,
that
here
Ceres
and
Bacchus
strive
together
for
the
greatest
Soveraignty
:
It
attained
the
name
,
of
the
largeness
of
the
fields
,
it
was
also
called
the
old
Campania
,
as
a
difference
from
the
new
,
that
is
,
Campania
of
Rome
,
and
now
from
the
Leborine
Fields
,
which
are
near
Capoa
,
it
is
called
the
Land
of
Lavoro
.
The
Fields
of
this
Province
,
The
nature
of
the
Land
of
Lavoro
.
lie
under
moist
and
mistie
hils
,
and
are
all
,
as
it
were
,
in
a
plain
,
and
the
benefit
of
this
Land
(
briefly
to
declare
the
nature
of
the
Earth
)
is
,
that
the
superficial
or
uppermost
part
thereof
is
very
drie
and
dustie
;
but
within
,
so
spongeous
and
moist
,
like
to
a
pomice
that
sucks
in
the
water
,
whereby
no
small
profit
ariseth
also
from
those
Hills
,
for
that
the
showers
descending
from
them
,
are
dispersed
over
all
the
Valley
,
and
so
not
over-watering
the
earth
,
nor
making
it
too
soft
,
but
apt
and
easie
for
tillage
;
the
same
ground
sendeth
not
out
that
received
moisture
in
any
Springs
or
Fountains
,
but
temperateth
it
,
and
concocting
within
it
,
holds
it
as
nourishment
unto
it
.
Corn
is
sowed
once
in
a
year
,
and
Oats
and
Flax
twice
every
year
.
Dionysius
of
Alicarnassus
saith
,
That
in
his
time
was
successively
gathered
in
one
year
,
three
sorts
of
Fruits
,
that
is
,
one
in
the
Spring
,
another
in
Summer
,
and
the
third
in
Autumn
.
In
this
most
plentifull
Region
the
Trees
flourish
twice
in
a
year
,
Trees
flourish
twice
a
year
in
this
Province
.
and
there
is
found
all
delights
for
the
pleasure
of
men
.
In
this
Noble
Province
,
are
large
and
fertile
Fields
,
pleasant
and
fruitfull
Hils
,
thick
and
delightfull
Woods
,
fresh
and
clear
Springs
,
and
pleasant
Lakes
:
Moreover
there
are
places
in
the
manner
of
spacious
Amphitheaters
wrought
amongst
the
Hils
,
by
that
great
Workmaster
Nature
,
to
yield
delight
in
the
hunting
of
wild
.
Beasts
that
are
inclosed
therein
;
and
to
declare
the
great
abundance
that
is
there
,
I
will
begin
with
flying
fowles
,
whereof
there
are
great
plenty
,
that
is
to
say
,
Pheasants
,
Partridges
,
Goodwittes
,
Woodcocks
,
Snites
,
Quails
,
and
divers
others
.
In
like
sort
there
are
of
four-footed
Beasts
,
The
great
plenty
both
of
fowls
and
wild
beasts
in
the
Land
of
Lavoro
.
as
wild
Boars
,
Harts
,
Goats
,
Hares
,
Conies
and
Foxes
;
of
ravenous
creatures
there
are
Wolves
,
and
of
those
that
are
fatted
it
is
very
plentifull
.
There
are
also
in
places
near
the
Mediterranean
shore
,
great
Vaults
and
Caves
,
with
the
Foundations
of
sumptuous
Buildings
,
which
yields
no
small
wonder
to
every
one
that
beholds
them
,
with
other
strange
works
wrought
,
as
well
by
the
wonder
of
Nature
,
as
also
by
curious
Art
and
the
emulation
thereof
,
which
procures
no
small
admiration
to
all
that
knows
not
the
powerfulness
of
Art
and
Nature
.
The
Sea
of
this
most
happy
Province
aboundeth
with
divers
sorts
of
excellent
Fishes
,
as
Sturgions
,
Mullets
,
Tonnies
,
The
fishes
which
the
Sea
of
this
Province
bringeth
forth
.
and
sundry
other
fishes
.
Neither
is
there
less
abundance
in
the
kinds
of
Shel-Fishes
,
as
of
Oysters
,
Muscles
,
Cockles
,
Periwincles
,
and
infinite
others
.
Of
Minerals
it
is
very
rich
in
Gold
,
Silver
,
Alume
,
Brimstone
.
Besides
this
,
it
is
endued
with
so
many
medicinable
and
wholsome
Bathes
,
which
in
the
Spring
,
and
other
times
of
the
year
,
Mines
and
Baths
.
heals
infinite
people
of
many
strange
and
incurable
diseases
.
So
that
that
great
Grandmother
Nature
,
hath
bestowed
so
great
abundance
of
her
benefits
,
that
it
seems
she
is
delighted
therein
.
The
which
the
writer
Polybius
considering
,
which
was
the
Master
of
Scipio
Africanus
,
wrote
these
words
near
Sipontino
,
Est
enim
Campanus
ager
copia
rerum
,
&
fertilitate
regionis
,
ac
amaenitate
&
pulchritudine
loci
excellentissimus
,
nam
in
littore
maris
positus
est
,
&
ex
eo
universo
terrarum
orbe
venientes
in
Italia
innumerae
gentes
consunt
.
And
Hannibal
,
that
great
Carthaginian
Captain
,
beholding
the
delightfulness
of
this
happy
Region
,
and
the
beauty
thereof
,
purposing
to
assemble
his
Army
,
which
he
caused
to
winter
therein
,
returned
from
thence
nice
,
dainty
,
and
full
of
the
delicacie
of
Campania
,
said
,
as
it
is
written
in
Strabo
,
in
the
end
of
the
fifth
Book
,
Victor
ipse
periclitor
,
ne
host
is
praeda
siam
:
quippe
qui
milites
viros
dederim
faeminas
recipiam
.
The
Campanians
(
saith
Cicero
against
Rullus
of
the
Law
Agraria
)
Superbi
bonitate
agrorum
,
magnitudine
fructuum
,
salubritate
aeris
,
&
pulchritudine
regionis
This
Province
doth
likewise
deserve
great
praise
for
the
diversity
of
Wines
which
it
bringeth
forth
,
Of
the
Wine
.
Oyle
,
and
living
creatures
which
are
in
this
Province
.
so
much
esteemed
both
in
ancient
and
later
times
,
as
the
most
delicate
of
Sorrento
,
which
Tiberius
Cesar
,
and
Physitians
so
much
commended
;
the
Wine
Massico
,
now
called
Massaquano
,
brought
from
the
Mount
Massico
,
which
is
near
Carinola
,
in
the
Territory
of
the
people
Equani
,
among
which
is
Massa
and
Vico
:
the
most
excellent
Falerni
so
much
pleasing
to
the
Roman
Emperors
,
of
whom
Iulius
Caesar
,
as
Pliny
writeth
,
honoured
his
Feasts
and
most
sumptuous
Banquets
which
he
made
in
Rome
and
principally
that
wherewith
in
two
and
twenty
thousand
Chambers
he
feasted
all
the
Romans
.
See
Plutarch
.
There
are
the
tears
and
Greek
Wines
so
much
celebrated
by
Pliny
;
the
most
odoriferous
Wine
Nolano
,
and
that
of
Vico
no
less
wholsome
then
pleasant
in
taste
,
with
others
very
excellent
and
delicate
Wines
,
which
are
preferred
before
all
others
in
the
plentifull
Tables
of
the
greatest
Lords
.
The
Oyles
are
in
no
less
esteem
,
which
are
there
made
,
and
chiefly
those
of
Massa
,
of
Sorrento
,
of
Vico
,
of
Gaeta
,
and
of
the
Isle
of
Capre
.
And
no
less
fruitfull
is
this
fortunate
Country
of
the
best
Cattle
,
as
Oxen
,
Cowes
,
fat
Weathers
,
Hogges
,
and
Calves
,
whereof
the
most
excellent
are
those
of
Sorrento
.
There
is
also
made
the
finest
silks
,
which
Merchants
buy
more
then
any
others
,
for
the
goodness
thereof
.
It
is
very
plentifull
in
Heards
and
Droves
of
Cattel
,
and
serviceable
Horses
for
Warr.
And
to
conclude
,
this
Province
worthily
deserveth
all
praise
for
the
excellent
things
that
are
therein
,
wherefore
it
is
no
marvel
if
ancient
Writers
call
this
the
most
beautifull
and
excellent
Region
of
the
world
,
The
praise
of
this
Province
.
having
a
most
temperate
and
delicate
air
,
and
so
fruitfull
a
Country
,
that
in
all
times
of
the
year
there
are
heard
divers
and
sundry
birds
to
sing
.
Here
in
the
Spring
time
,
and
even
in
the
Corn
,
where
are
not
sowed
,
do
grow
Lillies
,
Violets
,
and
Roses
of
excellent
and
delicate
savour
,
so
that
the
earth
never
ceaseth
to
bring
forth
;
for
which
cause
it
is
commonly
said
that
Campania
yieldeth
most
Oyntment
,
others
say
most
Oyle
,
being
also
made
in
Naples
the
best
and
most
excellent
Conserve
that
may
be
found
,
The
excellent
Conserve
of
Naples
.
The
nature
&
condition
of
the
people
of
this
Province
.
through
the
great
goodness
of
the
Roses
.
This
Country
bringeth
forth
people
of
an
indifferent
stature
,
and
of
a
fair
complexion
,
valorous
minded
,
and
very
wise
both
in
Councel
,
and
the
managing
of
worldly
affairs
,
ingenious
and
apt
for
learning
,
and
more
then
measurably
warlike
both
on
foot
and
horse
,
from
whence
generally
appeareth
a
certain
mind
to
command
.
Having
now
declared
the
sundry
benefits
and
celestial
favours
of
this
most
noble
Region
,
I
will
now
handle
in
particular
,
where
I
left
at
the
City
of
Ansure
,
now
Terracina
,
in
a
part
of
Latium
,
was
founded
the
City
of
Fondi
,
standing
placed
in
the
way
Appia
,
Fondi
.
twenty
miles
distant
from
Terracina
,
of
Strabo
,
Pomponius
,
Mela
,
Silus
an
Italian
,
and
of
Ptolomy
called
Fondi
;
but
of
Antonius
Fonde
,
the
Territory
whereof
bringeth
forth
excellent
Wines
,
which
are
much
commended
of
Pliny
,
and
of
Strabo
,
and
Martial
writeth
,
that
by
any
means
the
Wines
of
Fondi
must
not
be
suffered
to
wax
old
.
Pliny
lib.
14.
cap
:
6.
Haec
fundana
tulit
felix
autumnus
opimi
Expressit
mulsum
Consul
,
&
ipse
bibet
.
Soterus
,
Bishop
of
Rome
,
was
born
in
this
City
,
who
governed
the
Church
of
God
7
years
11
moneths
,
and
18
daies
.
This
City
suffered
much
loss
by
Ariadeno
,
Barbarossa
the
Turk
,
Captain
General
of
the
Navy
of
Soliman
Emperor
of
Turks
in
the
year
1534.
at
which
time
all
the
Citizens
that
were
found
therein
were
made
slaves
.
Passing
along
towards
Formie
,
on
the
left
side
,
is
Villa
Castello
,
from
whence
descended
the
Roman
Emperor
Galba
,
on
the
right
side
appeareth
the
Lake
Fundano
,
The
Lake
Fondano
.
called
by
Pliny
,
Fundano
,
although
it
be
written
Fandano
by
some
corrupt
writers
:
This
said
Lake
is
full
of
Fishes
,
and
very
great
Eeles
.
Five
miles
from
thence
remaineth
the
foundations
of
the
City
Mamurri
,
Mamurry
.
of
whom
Horace
saith
,
In
Mamurranum
lassi
deinde
urbe
manemus
.
Passing
hence
by
the
rough
and
stony
way
Appia
,
near
the
most
high
steep
Mountains
is
the
Land
of
Atrio
,
now
called
Itro
,
the
Country
of
the
Lamury
Citizens
of
Rome
,
five
miles
almost
,
but
somewhat
out
of
the
way
Appia
,
on
the
right
hand
is
Gaeta
,
Gaeta
.
upon
the
shore
so
called
(
as
Strabo
and
Virgil
affirm
)
of
the
Nurse
of
Aeneas
,
which
died
and
was
there
buried
;
and
although
the
Gulf
of
Gaeta
,
and
the
strong
Rock
thereof
be
sufficiently
known
,
and
much
renowned
,
especially
in
ancient
time
,
yet
was
it
not
a
City
untill
the
Saracins
destroyed
Formie
,
which
was
in
the
year
of
Christ
856.
and
then
was
the
reliques
of
the
worthy
St.
Erasmus
transferred
from
Formie
to
Gaeta
,
and
it
was
by
Pope
Gregory
the
4th
made
a
Bishops
Sea
.
This
City
was
very
faithfull
to
King
Ladislaus
,
from
whom
for
this
cause
it
attained
many
priviledges
,
and
so
strong
was
the
Castle
thereof
,
that
it
was
held
one
of
the
Keys
of
the
Land
,
and
therefore
was
there
alwaies
held
a
strong
Garison
of
Soldiers
,
Gaeta
hath
alwaies
the
best
Haven
:
which
as
Spartianus
writeth
,
was
repaired
with
great
cost
by
Antonius
Pius
.
This
City
had
great
honour
by
Galasius
second
,
Galasius
second
,
Bishop
of
Rome
Bishop
of
Rome
,
by
that
famous
Thomas
of
Viao
,
of
the
Order
of
Preachers
General
,
and
after
Cardinal
of
the
Church
R.
this
excellent
man
past
to
a
better
life
at
Rome
the
9
of
August
in
the
year
1534.
And
moreover
about
our
time
Iohn
Tharcagnota
hath
been
very
famous
,
whose
History
is
generally
known
to
all
.
Following
on
the
said
way
,
there
are
seen
even
to
Mola
(
which
are
five
miles
)
delightfull
Gardens
near
the
crooked
shore
of
the
Sea
under
Gaeta
,
full
of
green
flourishing
Oringes
,
Lymons
,
and
other
pleasant
fruits
,
environed
with
delightfull
Christaline
streams
,
yielding
much
content
to
the
beholders
thereof
.
Proceeding
somewhat
forward
,
in
following
the
aforesaid
pleasant
way
on
the
sea-side
,
is
seen
the
beautifull
City
Mola
,
Mola
.
built
by
the
ruines
of
the
ancient
City
Formia
,
now
called
Ormia
,
which
a
little
distance
are
seen
the
Foundations
of
Formia
,
Formia
.
built
by
the
Laconi
(
according
to
Pliny
)
and
was
so
called
by
the
conveniency
of
the
Haven
(
as
Strabo
writeth
)
this
ancient
City
was
the
habitation
of
Antiphate
King
of
the
Lestrigoni
,
most
cruel
Tyrants
.
Mola
hath
very
fair
and
fruitfull
Territories
,
some
think
that
Mola
was
so
named
of
the
Wharfs
,
or
rather
of
the
Mills
which
are
therein
turning
by
the
continual
course
of
water
which
plentifully
riseth
from
the
bottom
of
the
Hils
.
In
this
Country
was
the
fair
and
delightfull
Village
Formiana
of
Scipio
and
Lelius
the
true
and
faithfull
friends
;
which
afterward
was
purchased
by
Cicero
,
and
throughout
all
this
Country
,
The
Village
of
Scipio
and
Lelius
.
which
is
from
Mola
to
the
River
Garigliano
,
are
seen
the
ruins
of
great
buildings
,
whereby
it
may
be
thought
that
those
places
in
ancient
time
were
much
inhabited
,
being
the
most
delightfull
,
pleasant
,
and
fruitfull
that
the
Roman
Empire
had
.
After
Mola
,
three
miles
upon
a
little
Hill
,
See
Martial
,
lib.
x.
epig●a
.
The
Castle
Honoratus
.
is
the
Castle
Honorato
,
in
the
way
Hercolantea
,
builded
by
Honoratus
of
Gaeta
,
County
of
Fondy
:
Not
far
off
is
the
Hill
Cecubo
,
which
stretcheth
to
the
Gulf
of
Gaeta
;
this
Hill
is
much
renowned
for
the
excellency
of
the
Wines
thereof
,
which
are
much
commended
by
Horace
,
by
Martial
and
Strabo
,
following
that
way
towards
the
mouth
of
the
River
Garigliano
,
where
it
runneth
into
the
Sea
before
Clanino
,
Horace
,
lib.
pr.
is
Liris
,
The
River
Garigliano
.
The
overthrow
given
to
the
Saracins
by
Pope
Iohn
the
10.
Consalvus
Ferrandus
,
grand
Captain
of
Cordova
.
Tratetto
.
Minturne
.
so
much
celebrated
for
the
overthrow
which
the
Saracins
had
by
Pope
Iohn
the
10th
,
and
for
the
Victory
obtained
by
Consalvo
Ferrando
,
of
Cordova
against
the
French
,
to
whose
only
valour
was
attributed
the
Victory
of
them
,
and
the
flight
of
the
Turks
,
whereby
he
gained
the
glorious
sirname
of
Great
Captain
,
a
favour
vouchsafed
from
heaven
,
whereof
the
world
hath
so
few
.
This
said
River
riseth
from
the
Appennine
Mountains
,
and
passeth
by
the
Territory
of
Vestino
,
near
to
the
Country
of
Fregelle
,
now
a
famous
City
,
and
goeth
by
Luco
,
or
rather
the
Sacred
Wood
,
sometimes
honoured
of
the
Minturnesi
,
which
was
near
the
said
City
.
On
the
left
side
of
the
said
River
is
seen
upon
a
little
Hill
the
City
of
Traietto
,
builded
near
to
the
place
where
was
the
City
of
Minturne
,
the
ruines
whereof
are
now
to
be
seen
,
and
almost
the
whole
Theatre
,
and
the
ancient
aquiducts
;
Minturne
was
builded
by
the
Ausoni
,
and
was
afterward
a
Roman
Colony
,
and
was
divided
by
the
River
,
near
the
mouth
thereof
.
It
was
in
the
time
of
Pope
Marcellinus
,
honoured
with
a
general
Councel
,
and
it
was
one
of
the
Cities
▪
which
for
the
grievance
of
the
air
,
was
priviledged
by
the
Romans
both
from
the
Wars
and
other
burthens
and
Impositions
.
Cai.
Marius
flying
hither
secretly
,
hid
himself
in
a
moorish
or
fenny
place
,
and
beholding
an
Asse
to
go
very
pleasantly
to
the
water
to
drink
,
took
it
for
a
good
presage
,
or
a
token
of
good
fortune
,
re-inforced
his
Army
,
and
putting
to
Sea
,
entred
Rome
victoriously
.
From
thence
leaving
the
Confines
of
this
Region
of
Latium
,
we
enter
on
the
right
hand
into
the
Land
of
Lavoro
,
and
the
Hill
which
is
in
the
entrance
of
the
Land
of
Lavoro
,
very
near
to
the
mouth
of
Garigliano
,
hath
many
famous
names
,
The
Land
of
Lavoro
.
Garigliano
.
for
in
some
place
it
is
called
Gauro
,
in
other
Massico
,
and
in
some
other
Gallicano
;
that
part
thereof
that
is
nearest
to
Garigliano
,
is
called
Gauro
,
from
whence
the
River
hath
been
called
Gaureliano
.
Pliny
saith
that
this
Gauro
,
as
also
the
Hill
Vessuvio
,
near
Naples
,
yieldeth
Sulphur
or
Brimstone
,
which
the
hot-waters
sufficiently
declare
,
which
at
this
present
are
seen
to
issue
and
boyle
,
where
now
is
the
Tower
of
the
Bathes
,
and
the
Bathes
themselves
.
After
Minturn
the
first
Land
that
is
nearest
in
the
Land
of
Lavoro
on
this
side
,
was
Trifano
,
Trifano
.
situated
by
Livy
between
Minturn
and
Sinuessa
,
the
next
following
was
Sinuessa
,
five
miles
(
as
Strabo
saith
)
from
Minturn
;
but
it
is
ten
miles
,
as
it
now
appeareth
;
Livy
saith
that
there
were
two
Colonies
brought
about
the
Territory
Vestino
and
Falerno
,
one
at
the
mouth
of
Garigliano
,
which
was
Minturn
(
as
is
said
)
and
the
other
in
Vestino
,
which
confineth
with
the
Territory
of
Falerno
,
where
first
there
was
a
Greek
City
called
Sinope
,
Sinope
,
called
Sinuessa
.
Turpillus
the
Comical
Poet.
which
was
builded
by
the
Sinopesi
,
and
was
by
the
Roman
Colony
called
Sinuessa
,
because
it
joyned
near
to
the
City
Sessa
:
Here
died
old
Turpillus
that
comical
Poet
;
many
ruines
of
this
City
are
to
be
seen
on
the
land
,
but
more
in
the
Sea
,
and
the
Haven
thereof
had
a
large
Key
or
Wharlf
made
by
mens
labour
,
at
the
top
of
the
Hill
called
Dragone
,
saith
Livy
,
that
Fabius
Maximus
led
his
Army
by
the
top
of
the
Mount
Massico
,
forbidding
passage
to
Hannibal
,
and
that
the
Souldiers
of
Hannibal
sackt
the
Country
even
to
the
water
Sinuessano
,
The
Hill
Massico
.
from
whence
it
seemeth
that
the
Mount
Massico
,
whereon
Fabius
Maximus
held
his
Army
,
is
a
part
of
the
same
Hill
which
reacheth
from
Sessa
to
Carinola
.
In
the
place
of
Sinuessa
two
miles
from
thence
upon
the
Hill
,
is
the
Fort
of
Mondragone
honoured
with
the
dignity
of
a
Dukedome
,
The
Fort
of
Mondragone
.
the
Town
whereof
stands
in
the
Plain
less
then
a
mile
from
the
Sea
;
where
Sinuessa
was
,
is
nothing
seen
but
the
Baths
,
which
as
Strabo
saith
,
doe
cure
many
diseases
,
and
especially
help
women
that
ate
baren
.
After
the
Fort
of
Mondragone
upon
the
Hill
Massico
which
is
full
of
Villages
,
The
Villages
of
Sessa
.
from
the
part
towards
the
Sea
there
is
no
land
or
Castle
;
but
from
that
part
which
is
towards
Garigliano
,
between
the
Sea
,
Garigliano
,
the
way
Appia
,
and
the
Mount
Massico
,
is
no
more
plain
then
eight
miles
every
way
,
and
is
manured
and
inhabited
with
much
people
,
and
is
now
called
the
Villages
of
Sessa
,
which
Plain
in
the
happy
time
of
the
Romans
,
was
very
fruitfull
,
three
full
Meadows
abounding
with
much
Grass
,
as
Martial
affirmeth
:
Near
Cascano
one
of
the
said
Villages
,
is
a
Vein
of
Gold
,
which
King
Alfonsus
the
first
made
use
thereof
,
but
now
it
is
fallen
to
decay
,
because
they
say
it
yields
not
sufficient
profit
into
the
Kings
Exchequer
;
yet
the
Reverend
Majesty
of
the
Roman
Commonwealth
did
not
so
,
for
that
they
respected
no
other
end
then
the
common
utilly
,
caused
the
Mines
to
be
digged
,
for
the
relief
of
those
poor
people
that
laboured
therein
.
Now
turning
us
into
the
way
Appia
,
as
it
passeth
by
the
foot
of
the
Hill
Massico
,
is
the
ancient
City
Sessa
,
called
of
the
Latines
Suessa
,
anciently
named
Pometia
,
and
sometimes
Arunca
,
The
City
Sessa
.
builded
,
as
some
say
,
by
Hercules
,
it
hath
been
inhabited
by
sundry
people
,
the
first
was
said
by
the
Arunci
,
and
the
Ausoni
,
and
the
Seclecini
,
and
after
by
the
Volosci
,
and
last
of
all
the
Vestini
,
as
it
appears
in
sundry
places
of
Livy
,
the
Territory
whereof
is
very
fertile
of
all
sorts
of
Fruits
,
but
particularly
Corn
,
Wine
,
and
Oyle
,
which
for
great
abundance
,
the
Citizens
thereof
say
proceeds
from
the
excellency
of
the
air
,
and
that
Sessa
was
so
called
,
as
it
were
Suavis
Sessio
being
so
well
and
so
excellently
situated
,
Why
it
was
called
Sessa
.
and
therefore
the
Emperor
Claudius
growing
sickly
and
weak
,
went
thither
to
recover
his
health
.
Sessa
was
a
priviledged
City
of
the
Romans
,
that
worthy
Philosopher
and
Phisician
Augustine
Nifo
hath
in
these
our
daies
much
honoured
this
City
.
Augustine
Nifo
.
The
Arms
of
this
City
is
a
Lyon
Rampant
gules
in
a
field
or
,
it
hath
the
dignity
of
a
Dukedome
,
the
Lord
whereof
is
Don
Antonio
of
Cordova
,
Duke
of
Somma
,
Nephew
to
that
Noble
Lord
Consalvo
Ferrando
of
Cordova
.
Going
from
Sessa
by
the
way
Appia
,
on
the
right
hand
of
Massico
eight
miles
is
Carinola
,
sometime
called
Cal●no
,
an
ancient
City
,
joyned
on
the
one
side
to
the
Territory
of
Falerno
,
Carinola
.
The
Fields
Falerni
,
what
they
were
,
and
how
far
they
stretched
.
The
Fields
Stellato
.
Calvi
.
Cajazza
.
Tiano
.
Caianello
.
Vulturno
.
and
on
the
other
to
the
Hill
Massico
,
the
Fields
Falerni
stretch
from
Carinola
to
Cassilino
,
which
was
afterwards
called
Casteluccio
,
and
was
here
joyned
with
the
Field
Stellato
,
more
pleasant
then
any
other
part
of
Italy
,
as
Livy
writeth
.
The
Hill
Massico
stretcheth
beyond
the
City
of
Tiano
,
and
of
Calvi
,
called
long
since
Cales
,
even
to
Cajazza
,
which
the
Ancients
have
called
Calatia
,
this
Hill
is
extended
with
a
back
on
the
left
hand
from
Calvi
to
Venafro
,
and
from
thence
directly
to
Volturno
,
another
part
boweth
on
the
right
hand
,
full
of
Woods
and
Caves
,
and
goeth
to
Caianello
,
sometime
called
Calicula
:
And
to
Vulturno
on
the
right
hand
of
the
mouth
of
Vulturno
was
sometime
a
City
called
also
Vulturno
,
as
Livy
witnesseth
,
and
was
where
we
now
see
the
Land
called
Castello
,
to
the
Sea
of
Vulturno
;
not
far
from
the
Sea
is
to
be
seen
Patria
,
Patria
.
builded
upon
the
ruines
of
Linterno
,
which
was
the
Town
of
Scipio
Africanus
,
where
he
made
choice
to
live
when
he
betook
himself
to
a
voluntary
exile
,
and
where
he
spent
the
latter
part
of
his
life
:
It
is
said
that
he
caused
to
be
written
on
his
Sepulchre
,
Ingrata
patria
non
possidebis
ossa
mea
.
Of
the
Fountain
Acidula
,
and
the
property
thereof
.
There
is
near
Linterno
,
among
the
ruines
thereof
,
the
Fountain
of
water
Acidula
,
which
water
is
said
to
make
a
man
drunken
as
wine
;
and
the
Shepherds
report
▪
that
whosoever
drinketh
of
this
water
,
is
delivered
from
all
pain
of
the
head
;
and
we
having
a
desire
to
make
trial
thereof
,
found
it
to
savour
well
as
all
other
,
and
although
a
certain
fume
ascendeth
up
the
nose
in
smelling
it
,
as
Wine
useth
to
doe
;
yet
drinking
but
a
little
we
could
not
perceive
the
effects
thereof
,
which
it
procureth
in
drinking
.
Five
miles
from
Linterno
is
Cuma
,
between
which
two
places
where
the
shore
is
crooked
between
the
Pool
and
the
Sea
,
The
City
Cuma
.
was
the
Town
of
Servilio
Vacia
,
of
whom
Seneca
speaketh
.
Cuma
was
builded
by
the
Galcidesi
,
and
the
Cumei
;
the
leaders
of
the
Colonie
which
came
thither
to
inhabit
,
were
Hippocle
Cumeo
,
and
Megastene
Calcidese
,
which
agreed
between
them
,
The
Town
of
Servilio
Vacia
.
that
from
the
one
it
should
take
the
inhabitants
,
and
from
the
other
the
name
;
although
some
say
it
was
named
Cuma
from
the
waves
(
for
Cuma
is
as
much
as
to
say
Onda
)
for
being
near
the
stony
shore
it
is
full
of
mighty
Rocks
,
continually
beaten
with
the
waves
of
the
Sea
.
Near
Cuma
is
the
Promontory
Miseno
,
where
was
buried
Misceno
the
Trumpeter
of
Aeneas
,
and
between
these
two
is
the
Lake
Acherusia
,
which
is
a
Moor
or
Marsh
of
the
Sea
very
muddy
,
leaving
Miseno
,
Miseno
▪
Trumpeter
of
Aeneas
near
under
the
Promontory
is
the
Lake
:
From
thence
the
shore
fetcheth
a
compass
making
a
gulf
where
is
the
Castle
Baia
,
and
the
Baths
of
warm
water
,
no
less
profitable
for
health
,
then
delight
.
Baia
was
so
called
by
Baio
the
Companion
of
Vlisses
,
which
was
there
buried
.
Near
Baia
is
the
Lake
Locrino
(
in
the
time
of
the
Romans
)
within
it
was
the
renowned
Lake
Averno
.
Bana
,
the
Lake
Averno
,
and
Pizzolo
,
why
they
were
so
named
.
The
Lake
Lucrino
was
so
called
by
the
profit
of
the
Fishes
and
Oysters
that
were
taken
there
.
Following
the
shore
is
the
City
of
Pozzuolo
,
which
in
former
time
was
the
Harbour
of
the
Ships
of
Cumani
,
builded
upon
the
Hill
.
In
the
time
afterward
of
the
Wars
of
Hannibal
,
the
Romans
replenished
it
with
people
;
and
of
the
Ditches
named
it
Pozzuolo
.
Others
affirm
that
it
was
so
named
by
the
ill
savour
of
the
water
;
which
from
Bale
even
to
Gumeo
is
generally
felt
.
Following
then
that
shore
from
Pozzuolo
,
are
seen
many
Springs
of
wholsome
and
medicinable
water
on
the
shore
near
the
Ruines
;
departing
from
Pozzuolo
,
and
going
by
the
way
which
leadeth
to
Naples
,
are
great
ruines
of
buildings
on
every
side
for
the
space
of
a
mile
.
At
the
end
of
these
ruines
is
the
Court
of
Vulcan
,
now
commonly
called
Solfatara
,
which
is
a
Plain
inclosed
round
about
with
smokie
Hills
,
Soffatara
.
in
the
manner
of
fiery
Fornaces
,
from
whence
out
of
divers
places
arise
very
stinking
exhalations
,
and
the
Plain
is
all
full
of
Sulphure
,
and
sometime
it
boileth
out
more
then
eight
hand
breadths
in
height
,
and
being
mixed
with
the
earth
it
seemeth
black
,
and
in
in
such
sort
that
it
may
rather
be
called
dark
clay
,
then
water
.
Here
amongst
those
natural
things
that
is
worthy
consideration
,
it
seemeth
that
the
watry
humour
preserveth
the
Sulphure
in
such
manner
,
that
during
all
the
time
it
continually
burneth
it
consumeth
not
,
and
the
fire
abideth
in
the
same
holes
,
the
water
issuing
by
the
same
passage
.
This
place
was
also
called
of
ancient
writers
Campo
Flagro
,
as
it
were
a
burning
field
from
whence
the
Poets
feign
,
that
there
was
the
battel
of
the
Giants
with
Hercules
,
and
that
the
flashing
of
their
wounds
,
and
the
Conquest
of
the
Giants
,
do
cause
such
and
so
great
ebolitions
of
fire
and
water
.
Bending
afterward
to
the
North
a
little
from
thence
is
the
Hill
Asturno
very
high
,
in
the
midst
whereof
is
a
Plain
very
low
,
reduced
into
a
circle
,
The
Hil
Asturno
.
being
two
miles
in
circuit
,
where
is
a
little
Pool
with
Sulphure
water
,
which
issueth
out
on
every
side
very
beneficial
to
those
which
are
diseased
.
This
Plain
is
compassed
with
a
Hill
which
every
carrieth
an
equal
height
;
in
one
side
whereof
is
a
very
thick
Wood
,
planted
in
such
sort
that
all
Italy
yields
not
a
place
more
beautifull
and
more
pleasant
for
hunting
.
This
Wood
hath
great
plenty
of
Acorns
and
other
Fruit
and
Food
for
Cattel
,
and
is
full
of
wild
Hoggs
,
Goats
,
Harts
,
and
other
kinds
of
wild
Beasts
which
entring
in
of
themselves
,
or
forc'd
by
others
,
can
come
no
more
out
again
.
The
top
of
this
Hill
is
very
large
,
for
it
reacheth
more
then
the
space
of
five
miles
;
this
place
is
commonly
called
Listroni
,
Listroni
.
a
place
reserved
for
the
Kings
hunting
.
Returning
to
the
way
which
goeth
from
Pozzuolo
to
Naples
,
is
seen
the
place
where
was
the
Village
of
Cicero
,
so
named
at
this
present
,
where
was
buried
the
Emperor
Adrian
,
The
Village
of
Cicero
,
where
the
Emperor
Adrian
was
buried
.
which
died
at
Baia
(
as
Spartiano
writeth
)
where
the
temple
was
afterward
consecrated
by
Antonio
his
successor
in
the
place
of
the
Sepulchre
.
Following
yet
the
said
way
is
seen
great
ruines
of
the
Village
of
Lucullus
,
which
he
had
near
Naples
(
according
to
Plutarch
)
where
likewise
he
caused
to
open
the
stony
Hill
with
the
Iron
,
which
carried
the
water
of
the
Sea
into
the
Lake
Agnano
,
which
was
included
in
those
Hils
.
On
every
side
of
this
open
Country
appeareth
high
Rocks
,
near
which
are
the
ruins
of
stately
Buildings
.
Passing
by
the
said
way
to
the
Lake
are
the
Baths
of
the
Lake
Agnano
,
which
are
certain
little
close●
vaulted
Rooms
,
from
whence
there
riseth
certain
hot
vapours
,
in
such
sort
,
that
a
man
entring
in
naked
presently
falleth
into
a
sweat
▪
and
therefore
they
are
called
Sudatorii
.
They
dissove
the
raw
and
crude
humours
in
man
,
they
lighten
the
body
,
comfort
the
weak
,
Hot-Houses
.
heal
the
intrails
,
drieth
the
Fistula
and
the
ulcer
in
the
body
,
and
easeth
the
pain
of
the
Gout
;
Here
St.
Germano
Bishop
of
Capoa
,
is
said
to
find
the
soul
of
Pascasio
Cardinal
,
The
soul
of
Pascasio
Cardinal
.
See
also
Iohn
●●ki●
in
his
2
book
of
Purgatory
.
as
St.
Gregory
relateth
in
the
fourth
Book
of
his
Dialogues
.
A
little
farther
on
the
right
hand
,
at
the
foot
of
the
high
Rock
(
which
compasseth
in
the
Lake
)
very
near
to
the
same
is
a
hole
not
very
deep
in
the
Rock
,
nor
very
large
nor
high
,
where
any
living
creature
being
cast
in
,
dieth
sudden●y
,
which
afterward
being
presently
taken
out
and
cast
into
the
water
of
the
said
lake
,
reviveth
again
.
Pliny
maketh
mention
of
this
hole
in
his
second
Book
,
where
he
saith
,
Alii
spiracula
vocant
,
alii
Charoneas
scrobes
mortiferum
spi●atum
exalentes
.
The
said
Lake
bringeth
forth
no
other
thing
but
Frogs
;
and
in
the
Spring
are
often
seen
many
heaps
of
Serpents
,
which
are
there
drowned
and
stifled
in
the
water
by
the
providence
of
God
,
which
suffereth
them
not
to
encrease
,
being
so
hurtfull
and
venomous
to
the
nature
of
man
.
Pausilipo
,
a
most
delightfull
place
which
according
to
Dion
,
was
possessed
by
Vedio
Pollione
,
a
Roman
,
a
man
famous
for
no
other
cause
then
his
wealth
and
cruelty
,
because
in
that
place
he
had
certain
Fish-ponds
,
wherein
he
used
often
times
to
cast
in
men
,
as
food
for
his
fishes
;
and
dying
,
le●t
Augustus
his
heir
of
Pausilipo
.
Virgil
his
Sepulchre
.
Chiaia
Giacomo
Sanazaro
.
Afterward
we
come
to
Pausilipo
,
which
had
that
name
for
the
pleasantness
of
the
air
,
which
so
well
agreeth
with
the
situation
,
helping
much
the
infirmity
of
weak
minds
for
the
expelling
of
melancholy
:
Here
Cesar
had
a
Fish-Pond
,
wherein
a
Fish
lived
sixty
years
.
And
the
bottom
of
this
pleasant
Hill
was
all
full
of
Gardens
,
and
Fruits
and
delightfull
Villages
;
and
that
part
towards
the
Sea
,
was
not
far
from
the
City
of
Naples
,
near
the
shore
whereof
were
an
infinite
number
of
Habitations
which
time
hath
utterly
ruinated
.
After
followeth
the
Cave
of
Cocceio
,
which
some
attribute
to
Lucullo
,
and
others
to
Basso
,
made
after
the
fashion
of
that
of
Cuma
,
whose
entrance
is
open
,
and
with
so
great
largeness
,
that
three
Carts
may
there
pass
in
rang
,
and
by
little
and
little
the
light
entreth
at
the
windows
in
the
top
,
which
in
many
places
are
cut
out
in
the
upper
part
of
the
hill
,
and
in
the
right
side
from
the
passage
of
the
Cave
in
the
way
towards
Naples
is
the
Sepulchre
of
Virgil
,
and
by
that
which
doth
appear
,
this
was
a
Chappel
compassed
and
vaulted
with
Arches
,
and
smoothly
walled
about
with
Marble
,
and
within
were
places
for
Images
to
stand
in
,
without
,
opposite
to
the
Chappel
is
an
Epitaph
in
white
Marble
,
with
these
modern
Verses
,
Qui
cineres
tumuli
haec
vestigia
?
conditur
olim
Ille
hoc
qui
cecinit
pascua
,
rura
,
duces
.
Going
then
towards
Naples
appeareth
the
little
Hil
Olimpia
,
now
Piaggia
,
called
of
the
Neopolitans
Chiaia
where
are
so
many
goodly
Buildings
,
among
the
which
there
is
one
made
by
M.
Giacomo
Sanazaro
,
so
great
a
friend
to
the
Muses
,
as
any
in
these
our
daies
,
called
Merguglino
,
and
in
Latine
,
Mergeline
,
celebrated
by
him
in
his
Book
De
partu
Virginis
.
A
little
farther
near
unto
the
City
is
the
little
Isle
of
Megary
,
now
called
the
Castle
of
Vovo
,
where
remaineth
a
good
Garison
of
Souldiers
.
The
Castle
of
Vovo
.
Last
of
all
is
the
fair
and
Royal
City
of
Naples
,
at
the
first
called
Sirena
,
where
Parthenope
arrived
carried
by
the
fortune
of
the
Waves
,
who
changed
the
name
,
being
newly
re-inhabited
,
according
to
the
Oracle
of
the
Cumani
,
which
before
they
had
destroyed
;
it
flourished
and
increased
again
by
the
union
and
amity
of
the
Palepoli
,
being
alwaies
faithfull
to
the
people
of
Rome
,
under
whose
Empire
it
continued
with
great
glory
and
renown
,
Naples
alwaies
faithful
to
the
people
of
Rome
.
The
praise
of
the
City
of
Naples
.
untill
it
sell
together
with
the
rest
of
Italy
into
the
hands
of
the
Goths
,
and
other
Barbarians
,
who
expelled
by
the
Normans
,
was
governed
by
them
,
and
made
the
Head
of
the
Kingdom
,
from
whose
Dominion
succeeded
the
House
of
Suevia
,
by
means
of
the
Queen
Constance
the
only
Heir
;
from
whence
it
came
to
pass
,
Charls
having
killed
Tancred
,
and
subdued
Coradine
under
the
French
,
and
after
succeeded
by
means
of
Queen
Ione
of
Arragon
,
now
it
remaineth
in
peace
and
tranquility
under
the
protection
of
the
Catholick
King
Philip
,
and
so
populous
,
that
it
is
not
inferior
to
any
other
City
whatsoever
,
excelling
in
Nobility
and
riches
,
all
other
in
the
world
;
there
continually
repaireth
sundry
Nations
from
all
parts
of
Europe
,
there
are
assembled
the
most
part
of
the
Noble
Families
,
and
there
also
florisheth
the
study
of
the
Laws
,
and
all
good
Learning
.
It
standeth
at
the
bottom
of
little
Hils
,
which
compass
it
in
the
manner
of
a
Bow
or
Arch.
The
Gulf
Cratera
is
directly
opposite
unto
it
,
The
Gulf
Cratera
.
so
called
in
ancient
time
,
for
that
Miseno
,
and
the
Promontory
of
Minerva
,
now
called
Campanella
,
with
the
Isle
of
Capri
,
compasseth
it
in
the
fashion
of
a
Cup.
A
Cup
which
may
be
truly
called
a
Cup
or
Goblet
of
Silver
,
since
the
purity
and
calmness
of
the
water
resembleth
in
outward
shew
,
quicksilver
.
Naples
hath
on
the
East
side
,
Fields
,
which
in
length
joyn
to
the
Plains
Acerram
,
and
in
breadth
pass
to
the
foot
of
Vesevo
,
now
called
Somma
.
Strabo
saith
,
that
in
his
time
did
spring
at
Naples
,
hot
waters
very
commodious
to
make
Baths
,
little
inferior
to
those
of
Baia
;
The
Arms
of
the
City
of
Naples
.
but
that
they
were
of
less
quantity
.
The
Arms
of
this
City
was
a
Field
per
fesse
or
.
and
gu
.
which
Arms
were
given
by
great
Constantine
the
Emperor
.
Near
Naples
is
the
Greek
Tower
,
first
called
Herculea
of
Hercules
,
The
Tower
of
Greece
,
and
of
Nuntiata
.
which
came
thither
with
many
Ships
,
after
he
left
Nontiata
near
the
ancient
Stabie
.
At
this
place
standeth
aloft
that
famous
Hill
of
Somma
,
called
Vesevo
,
and
Vesuvio
,
about
which
are
situated
many
pleasant
Villages
,
except
in
the
top
where
the
Poets
feign
remain
the
shoulders
of
the
Giant
Porfirius
.
In
the
time
of
the
Emperor
Titus
,
with
a
general
fear
to
all
those
in
the
fields
,
and
destruction
of
them
which
were
nearest
,
it
cast
out
from
the
top
thereof
great
flames
of
fire
,
The
Hill
Somma
casteth
out
fire
.
The
death
of
Pliny
.
and
Balls
of
Sulphure
Mine
,
and
burning
stones
,
where
Pliny
died
,
the
great
preserver
of
the
Latine
tongue
,
whilst
he
desired
to
see
the
great
exhalations
of
that
Hill
,
which
cast
the
ashes
even
into
Africa
.
Going
a
little
farther
is
the
City
of
Castel
,
by
the
Sea
of
Stabia
,
so
named
by
the
City
Stabbia
,
which
was
not
far
off
,
which
had
been
destroyed
by
L.
Silla
▪
this
Castle
is
situated
in
a
corner
of
the
Mount
Gauro
,
where
it
beginneth
to
stretch
towards
the
West
,
which
maketh
the
Promontory
of
Minerva
.
Here
,
about
the
distance
of
a
mile
,
through
the
delight
of
the
place
,
King
Charls
the
second
builded
a
Royal
Palace
,
calling
it
for
the
sweetness
of
the
air
,
the
Wholsome
House
;
which
afterward
King
Rubert
enlarged
,
giving
it
greater
beauty
and
ornament
;
which
place
is
now
possest
by
the
Noble
Family
Nocera
,
The
Wholsome
House
,
a
most
delightsome
place
builded
by
King
Charls
the
second
.
King
Ferrant
the
first
having
bestowed
it
on
Pietro
Nocera
,
his
chiefest
favorite
,
which
for
his
great
valour
,
was
afterward
by
King
Ferrant
the
second
made
General
of
the
Gallies
.
This
Country
aboundeth
with
great
plenty
of
clear
water
,
and
great
store
of
the
best
Fruits
;
and
for
the
facility
and
easie
access
of
the
place
,
hath
much
Traffick
:
According
to
the
division
of
Strabo
,
of
Ptolomy
,
and
of
Sempronio
,
this
City
should
be
placed
in
the
Country
of
the
Picentini
,
which
is
now
called
the
Province
of
Principato
;
but
we
have
thought
best
to
confine
it
in
the
Land
of
Lavoro
,
because
it
is
situated
in
the
Gulf
of
Cratero
.
Within
a
little
is
the
beautifull
City
Vico
,
builded
by
the
people
Equani
,
then
followeth
the
City
Sorrento
very
ancient
and
Noble
,
situated
on
the
top
of
the
Hill
,
whose
prospect
is
the
Sea
:
Although
it
be
not
of
that
greatness
as
formerly
it
hath
been
;
it
hath
a
very
fertile
and
delightfull
Territory
,
garnished
with
Vines
and
Oringes
,
and
other
fruitfull
Trees
.
This
City
was
builded
by
the
Greeks
,
and
was
called
Petra
Syrenum
.
In
this
City
lived
Antonio
the
Abbot
,
a
most
holy
man
,
and
famous
for
his
miracles
,
whose
body
remaineth
even
now
as
a
testimony
of
his
divine
Miracles
(
as
they
say
)
towards
those
which
are
oppressed
with
Spirits
.
Then
from
Sorrento
a
mile
▪
is
the
City
of
Massa
,
newly
named
,
The
City
Massa
.
The
Temple
of
Minerva
.
The
Isle
of
Sirenuse
,
see
Virgil
in
the
end
of
his
5
Book
of
Ene●dos
;
now
these
Islands
are
called
under
one
name
Gallo
▪
where
is
the
Isle
of
Capri.
to
the
which
Paolo
Portarello
,
that
excellent
Poet
,
and
great
Humanist
hath
now
,
and
alwaies
giveth
everlasting
glory
.
From
hence
then
is
seen
the
solitary
Hill
Atheneo
,
the
which
because
it
joyneth
not
with
any
other
Hill
,
passeth
along
towards
the
West
,
and
is
otherwise
called
the
Hill
Massa
,
it
was
also
called
Prenusso
,
Sirreo
,
Minervio
,
and
the
Hill
Equano
;
in
the
top
of
the
Promontory
is
to
be
seen
a
great
part
of
the
Temple
of
Minerva
builded
by
Vlisses
.
Under
the
side
of
the
said
Promontory
are
certain
desart
and
stony
Islands
,
called
the
Sirenes
;
in
one
whereof
,
from
that
part
which
lieth
towards
Surrento
,
in
ancient
time
,
was
a
rich
Temple
,
where
were
certain
very
ancient
gifts
,
long
since
presented
by
the
Inhabitants
of
the
Country
for
the
worship
and
reverance
of
that
holy
place
,
the
Reliques
whereof
are
now
to
be
seen
.
Here
endeth
the
Gulf
called
Cratera
,
included
within
two
Promontories
,
Miceno
and
Ateneo
,
which
lie
towards
the
South
;
which
Gulf
is
almost
wholly
planted
with
Houses
,
and
goodly
Gardens
,
opposite
to
the
which
riseth
out
of
the
Sea
,
the
Isle
of
Capri
,
the
first
delightfull
place
of
Tiberius
Caesar
,
but
now
ordained
for
Exiles
and
banished
people
:
Here
twice
in
a
year
are
Quails
taken
.
Directly
against
Miseno
is
the
Isle
of
Prochita
,
Procita
,
why
it
was
so
called
.
now
called
Procita
,
the
which
(
according
to
Strabo
)
is
a
part
of
Pitecuse
,
Procita
was
so
called
(
as
Pliny
saith
)
by
the
depth
thereof
;
for
by
miracle
the
said
Isle
rise
of
it self
out
of
the
bottom
of
the
Sea
.
But
as
Dionisius
of
Alicarnaseo
affirmeth
,
Dyonisius
of
Alicarnaseo
,
in
the
first
of
the
Histories
of
Rome
.
that
it
was
named
by
a
beautifull
young
man
,
a
Trojau
,
called
Procita
,
which
came
thither
to
inhabit
.
Whereof
Servio
upon
these
Verses
of
Virgil
saith
,
in
his
9
Book
,
Tum
sonitu
Prochyta
alta
tremit
,
&c.
Saith
that
it
had
that
name
from
Protheus
,
which
signifieth
spread
or
dispersed
,
to
the
which
opinion
agreeth
the
Greeks
,
and
almost
all
the
Latines
.
Silio
the
Italian
in
his
12
Book
,
speaking
of
Procida
,
saith
thus
,
Apparet
Prochyta
saevum
sortita
Numanta
,
Apparet
procul
Inarime
,
quae
turbine
nigro
Fumantem
premit
Iapetum
:
flammasque
rebelli
Ore
rejectantem
,
Iohn
of
Procicla
,
Author
of
the
Sicilian
Evening
.
&
si
quando
evadere
detur
Bella
Iovi
rursus
,
superisque
iterare
volentem
.
Within
this
Isle
is
a
fair
Country
well
replenished
with
people
,
which
hath
the
same
name
,
and
is
very
famous
for
the
abundance
of
Corn
that
is
gathered
within
it
,
and
for
the
taking
of
Partridges
and
Pheasants
,
Ieronimo
Zurita
in
the
History
of
Arragon
.
whereof
there
is
great
plenty
.
The
Lord
of
this
Isle
in
former
time
was
Iohn
of
Procida
a
Phisitian
,
a
man
very
famous
,
who
fearing
not
the
power
of
King
Charls
of
Angio
,
to
revenge
a
great
injury
,
took
Sicilia
,
with
that
famous
slaughter
of
the
French
,
commonly
called
the
Sicilian
evening
;
The
Family
of
Procita
in
Catalogna
.
and
he
had
done
greater
matters
if
he
had
been
permitted
.
This
Iohn
was
in
great
esteem
with
Iames
King
of
Arragon
,
after
whose
death
King
Peter
his
son
knowing
the
valour
of
Iohn
:
Le
dio
(
dice
il
Zurita
)
en
el
Reino
de
Valencia
para
el
,
y
sus
successores
las
Villas
,
y
Castillos
de
Luxer
,
Benyzano
,
y
Palma
,
con
sus
alquerias
.
He
gave
him
(
as
saith
Zurita
)
in
the
Kingdom
of
Valentia
to
him
and
his
successors
,
the
Towns
and
Castles
of
Luxer
Benyzano
and
Palma
,
with
their
bordering
Villages
.
The
Isle
Ischia
.
Of
the
Giant
Tipheo
the
Poets
speak
diversly
:
for
Virgil
in
the
9
of
Aeneidos
saith
,
that
here
he
was
strucken
with
lightning
by
Iupiter
,
in
the
which
opinion
agreeth
Lucan
,
but
Ovid
saith
it
w●s
in
Sicilia
.
Alfonsus
King
of
Arragon
and
Naple
,
was
of
the
House
of
Medina
,
so
saith
Laonico
.
Calcondile
Athenian
in
the
History
of
the
Turks
,
in
his
fift
Book
.
From
this
man
descended
the
Family
called
Procita
,
which
are
now
very
great
in
the
Kingdom
of
Catalogna
,
and
enjoyeth
the
Countie
of
Almenare
.
In
the
said
Isle
in
a
fair
Church
,
with
great
reverence
is
preserved
the
body
of
St.
Margarite
the
Virgin
and
Martyre
,
which
was
carried
thither
from
Antiochia
.
Salvo
Selano
the
Phisician
honoureth
much
this
Isle
,
now
living
in
Naples
with
great
renown
,
who
hath
written
upon
the
Aphorismes
of
Hyppocrates
.
The
said
Isle
is
distant
from
Naples
twelve
miles
,
and
in
composs
seven
.
A
little
from
Procita
lieth
the
Isle
Ischia
,
formerly
called
Inarime
,
Pithecusa
and
Enaria
,
very
famous
not
only
for
the
Fable
which
the
Greeks
feigne
of
the
Giant
Tipheo
,
strucken
with
Iupiters
Thunder-bolt
,
but
also
for
a
Fortress
there
,
being
so
great
that
it
is
held
the
second
Key
of
the
Kingdom
.
The
said
Castle
was
builded
by
Alfonsus
of
Medina
,
King
of
Arragon
,
first
of
this
name
,
King
of
Naples
,
who
because
it
was
so
well
fortified
,
caused
it
to
be
called
Ischia
,
which
hath
given
the
name
to
the
whole
Island
,
especially
because
all
the
other
ancient
names
were
forgotten
.
This
Castle
is
very
strong
by
the
natural
situation
thereof
,
and
is
built
upon
a
very
high
Hill
,
and
the
passage
thereto
very
steep
,
and
the
way
for
the
most
part
is
cut
out
of
the
Rock
with
mens
labour
,
and
the
entrance
is
so
difficult
and
streight
,
that
two
Souldiers
may
easily
guard
it
.
Hither
Ferdinando
the
son
of
Alfonsus
the
second
of
Arragon
,
King
of
Naples
retired
himself
for
his
security
,
when
Charls
the
eight
King
of
France
had
victoriously
entred
Naples
.
In
the
year
1301.
the
said
Island
sustained
great
hurt
,
for
being
therein
certain
veins
of
Sulphure
(
whereof
the
Island
is
very
full
)
the
fire
kindled
,
and
running
through
it
,
burnt
a
great
part
,
even
to
the
City
of
Ischia
,
now
called
Gironda
,
and
the
fire
continued
one
month
and
a
half
,
burning
many
men
and
other
living
creatures
,
Gironda
,
an
ancient
City
of
the
Isle
.
whereby
the
Inhabitants
were
inforced
to
abandon
the
place
,
flying
out
of
the
Isle
,
some
to
Procida
,
some
to
Capri
,
some
to
Pozzuolo
,
and
some
to
Naples
.
And
of
this
fire
the
marks
yet
appear
,
where
neither
grass
nor
any
other
thing
doth
grow
,
and
that
for
the
space
of
more
then
two
miles
,
which
place
the
Citizens
call
the
Cremata
.
This
Isle
is
in
compass
18
miles
,
where
is
a
fair
City
,
to
the
which
are
subject
eight
Hamlets
,
or
small
Villages
.
This
said
Isle
is
very
fertile
,
and
bringeth
forth
all
so●ts
of
Corn
and
there
is
made
excellent
Wine
,
and
hath
Mines
of
Gold
,
which
were
together
found
with
the
Sulphure
,
in
the
year
1465.
by
Bartholmew
Perdice
Genoway
.
It
is
every
where
full
of
Villages
,
very
thick
and
close
adjoyning
,
there
is
one
very
high
Hill
,
which
is
very
difficult
for
a
man
to
climbe
,
in
the
top
whereof
riseth
a
Spring
,
Bartholmew
Perdice
Genoway
.
called
the
Fountain
Aboceto
,
all
the
rest
of
the
Isle
hath
great
scarcity
of
water
.
The
Shores
of
this
Isle
are
rather
crooked
then
streight
,
the
air
there
is
very
healthfull
and
pleasant
,
and
in
it
are
many
and
sundry
Baths
,
with
those
so
marvelous
sands
,
all
things
fit
to
heal
divers
sorts
of
infirmities
,
and
many
incureable
,
of
the
which
we
have
sufficiently
written
in
the
Book
of
the
Antiquities
of
Pozzu●la
,
The
Book
of
the
Antiquities
of
Pozzuolo
,
written
by
the
Author
of
this
Work
.
The
body
of
St.
Restituta
Virgin
.
by
me
not
long
since
published
,
to
which
I
refe●
the
Reader
.
This
Isle
was
first
inhabited
by
the
Licii
,
which
after
the
death
of
Oroute
their
King
,
were
driven
out
by
Eneas
.
Afterward
came
thither
the
people
Arimni
,
and
within
a
while
the
Calcidii
.
There
lieth
with
great
reverence
in
two
honourable
Churches
of
this
Isle
,
the
bodies
of
St.
Restituta
,
Virgin
and
Martyr
,
and
of
St.
Olivata
her
sister
(
which
,
as
is
said
)
do
infinite
miracles
.
Of
this
Isle
was
Fabius
,
Seleucus
,
Oronre
,
that
excellent
Cosmographer
and
singular
Poet.
Sailing
from
hence
more
forward
towards
Naples
,
near
the
Mount
Pausilippo
,
The
Isle
Nisita
,
why
it
was
so
called
.
is
the
Isle
of
Nisita
,
of
the
Latines
called
Nosium
,
and
Nesis
,
which
had
a
fair
and
goodly
Fortress
made
by
the
Dutchmen
of
Amalsi
,
with
a
most
secure
Haven
called
Agliono
,
very
commodious
.
Nisita
was
so
called
(
as
the
Poets
feign
)
by
a
Nimph
of
the
Sea
,
the
daughter
of
Nereus
and
Doride
,
Gods
of
the
Sea
▪
for
the
truth
is
,
that
Nesis
in
Greek
,
is
an
Island
,
it
was
in
ancient
time
the
Town
of
Brutus
,
that
worthy
Roman
;
and
in
our
daies
there
was
found
in
a
Sepulchre
a
dead
body
of
wonderful
greatness
,
imbalmed
,
which
had
about
the
neck
a
Chain
,
with
a
Jewel
of
Gold
,
with
this
Inscription
,
M.
A.
Acilius
,
C.
F.
I.I.I.
R.
Leaving
this
Isle
is
another
much
less
,
which
is
rather
a
Rock
,
I
may
say
it
was
and
is
commonly
called
Gaiola
;
but
in
my
opinion
it
should
be
called
Gaia
,
Gaiola
,
why
●t
was
so
called
.
if
yet
that
particle
ola
,
were
not
adjoyned
thereto
for
a
diminutive
,
signifying
the
smallness
and
beauty
thereof
at
an
instant
,
for
being
very
delightfull
and
pleasant
,
and
made
in
the
fashion
of
a
Theater
,
where
also
appeareth
the
marks
of
an
inclosed
Park
for
the
keeping
of
wild
Beasts
,
and
the
Temple
of
Neptune
which
was
there
in
old
time
,
so
that
to
every
one
that
comes
thither
,
it
seems
a
place
of
great
delight
.
These
then
are
the
Cities
upon
the
Sea
of
happy
Campania
,
and
the
Isles
that
are
thereabout
.
But
in
the
Land
of
Naples
the
principal
City
is
Capoa
,
The
City
Capoa
.
situated
on
the
side
of
Vulturno
,
upon
the
way
Appia
,
twelve
miles
distant
from
the
Sea
▪
it
was
in
former
time
as
great
as
any
in
Italy
,
except
Rome
,
the
first
and
chiefest
,
the
Senat
of
Rome
once
purposed
to
go
to
inhabit
there
.
The
opinions
of
the
building
of
this
City
are
divers
,
and
first
Cato
and
Sempronius
saith
,
that
it
was
builded
by
the
Osci
;
others
,
as
Virgil
,
Lucan
,
Silius
,
Dionisius
of
Alicarnassus
,
and
Suetonius
say
that
it
was
builded
by
Capi
,
the
companion
of
Aeneas
,
and
that
by
him
it
was
afterward
so
named
.
Others
say
that
Remus
,
the
son
of
Aeneas
builded
it
,
and
called
it
Capoa
,
from
Capi
the
Father
of
his
Grandsire
.
Strabo
is
of
another
opinion
,
saying
it
had
this
name
from
the
large
Fields
wherein
it
standeth
,
whose
first
Inhabitors
were
the
Opici
,
and
Ausoni
,
and
the
Osci
,
which
were
driven
out
by
the
Cumani
,
and
afterward
these
by
the
Toscans
,
by
whom
Capoa
was
made
the
Head
of
twelve
Cities
builded
by
them
in
these
places
,
and
of
this
opinion
seemeth
to
be
Eustaccius
,
Livy
,
Pliny
,
and
Annius
Diodorus
and
others
say
that
it
was
so
called
for
the
great
capacity
and
largeness
which
it
hath
to
produce
and
bring
forth
necessary
things
for
the
sustenance
of
living
creatures
;
and
in
truth
the
Territory
thereof
is
most
excellent
above
all
other
Countries
of
the
world
.
This
City
,
as
Livy
declareth
particularly
in
many
places
,
was
of
great
Wealth
and
Authority
,
and
in
the
time
of
the
great
prosperity
and
delights
thereof
,
was
the
seat
and
habitation
,
and
as
it
were
a
second
natural
Country
to
Hannibal
,
and
in
the
time
of
the
siege
of
Casilino
,
wintred
there
with
his
Army
,
which
became
corrupt
,
effeminate
,
and
lazie
through
the
many
delights
and
pleasures
thereof
:
But
coming
afterward
into
the
power
of
the
Romans
,
it
was
as
it
appeareth
to
some
,
that
Capoa
was
by
them
utterly
ruinated
,
Capoa
destroyed
.
for
being
strong
,
a
near
neighbour
,
and
alwaies
their
enemy
:
But
the
utility
and
most
fertile
Territory
was
the
safety
thereof
,
that
it
was
not
ruinated
,
because
the
multitude
of
Colonies
might
have
a
place
and
a
dwelling
in
this
Country
and
Territory
,
and
the
houses
themselves
were
builded
of
the
common
Treasury
of
Rome
:
Yet
nevertheless
there
was
not
left
any
signe
,
or
any
body
of
a
City
or
Councel
,
or
any
Authority
,
the
which
Marcus
Tullius
declareth
more
largely
in
one
of
his
Orations
,
calling
the
Capoans
proud
and
arrogant
,
through
the
bounty
of
the
earth
,
and
the
abundance
of
all
things
which
they
had
.
But
there
was
since
(
contrary
to
the
opinion
of
Tully
,
by
Iulius
Caesar
in
his
first
Consulship
)
carried
to
Capoa
one
Colony
of
Romans
,
and
those
new
Inhabitants
undoing
and
pulling
down
certain
ancient
Sepulchres
to
build
little
houses
in
their
Villages
,
purposing
to
imploy
those
stones
,
and
using
therein
much
labour
and
diligence
,
passing
up
and
down
discovered
certain
Vessels
of
antick
work
,
found
in
a
little
Table
of
Brass
,
wherein
was
written
,
Capi
,
The
Sepulchre
of
Capi
,
the
builder
of
Capoa
.
the
builder
of
Capoa
to
be
here
buried
,
with
Letters
in
Greek
words
to
this
effect
,
That
whensoever
the
bones
of
Capi
shall
be
discovered
,
at
the
same
instant
one
of
the
kindred
of
Iulo
must
be
slain
with
a
sword
by
the
hands
of
his
own
friends
and
kindred
,
and
after
be
revenged
with
grievous
afflictions
and
the
ruine
of
Italy
.
Capoa
destroyed
by
Genserico
King
of
the
Vandals
.
Capoa
newly
builed
.
The
Lombards
destroy
Capoa
.
Capoa
re-edified
.
Conradus
King
of
Naples
cast
the
Walls
of
Capoa
to
the
gr●und
.
Capoa
sacked
by
the
French
.
This
same
Capoa
was
by
Gensericus
King
of
the
Vandals
razed
and
destroyed
,
with
sword
and
fire
six
hundred
years
after
it
had
been
subject
to
the
Romans
;
but
since
the
Goths
&
Ostrogoths
being
chased
away
by
Narsete
Eunuco
Captain
to
the
Emperor
Iustinian
,
was
newly
inhabited
again
.
And
about
a
hundred
years
after
was
destroyed
and
ruinated
anew
by
the
Lombards
;
but
with
the
reliques
builded
of
the
Inhabiters
again
,
two
miles
distant
from
the
ancient
place
.
Since
by
Conradus
King
of
Naples
,
son
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
second
,
the
Walls
thereof
were
thrown
to
the
ground
,
because
the
Capoans
were
known
to
be
contrary
to
the
Manfredi
,
with
the
Neopolitans
;
wherefore
he
ransackt
and
sackt
it
,
and
did
therein
harm
enough
.
It
sustained
great
calamity
in
the
time
of
Pope
Alexander
the
sixth
,
being
sacked
and
robbed
by
the
French
sent
by
Lewis
the
twefth
King
of
France
,
to
the
Conquest
of
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
against
King
Frederick
of
Arragon
;
now
it
remaineth
well
fortified
by
the
providence
of
Philip
of
Austria
,
the
most
puissant
Catholick
King
,
under
whose
protection
it
resteth
most
secure
.
Pliny
in
the
description
of
Italy
,
speaking
of
Capoa
,
saith
that
there
is
the
Field
Leborino
,
much
more
pleasant
and
delightfull
then
any
part
of
all
Italy
;
and
he
in
another
place
calleth
Leborino
the
excellent
Territory
of
Capoa
;
and
to
declare
what
it
is
,
the
Territory
thereof
is
all
plain
,
which
stretcheth
from
Tifata
(
which
is
the
Hill
above
Capoa
)
even
to
Naples
and
Pozzuolo
;
and
from
Capoa
to
the
mouth
of
Vulturno
,
where
it
entreth
into
the
Sea
.
Capoa
being
so
hated
and
defaced
by
the
Romans
,
and
twice
ruinated
,
the
people
near
adjoyning
disdained
to
be
any
longer
called
Campani
,
desiring
to
avoid
this
infamy
,
The
Land
of
Lavoro
,
why
it
was
so
called
.
and
this
danger
to
be
hated
and
undone
for
this
name
,
changed
the
name
,
being
called
by
their
ancient
name
,
Leborini
,
and
so
much
their
constant
perseverance
prevailed
,
that
that
which
before
was
wont
to
be
called
Campania
,
was
called
the
Land
of
Lebore
:
But
since
the
word
being
corrupted
by
people
,
was
called
the
Land
of
Labore
;
from
whence
grew
the
opinion
,
that
this
should
be
because
,
as
it
were
all
pains
(
for
so
the
word
Labore
signifies
)
should
there
be
well
bestowed
;
and
some
others
have
said
,
that
it
should
be
so
called
from
the
great
and
difficult
pains
that
is
required
in
the
subduing
of
it
.
F.
L.
Sosipatro
Charisso
.
F.
L.
Sosipatro
Charisio
,
a
most
ancient
Gramarian
was
a
Citizen
of
Capoa
,
whose
works
have
been
found
by
Iano
Parasio
.
Victore
,
Vittore
Bishop
.
called
the
Capoan
,
Bishop
,
and
a
famous
Astrologian
,
and
an
excellent
Orator
▪
hath
given
great
honour
to
this
City
,
who
lived
in
the
year
of
Christ
480.
Likewise
Pietro
of
Vineis
,
was
also
a
Citizen
,
Peter
of
Vineis
a
learned
Lawyer
,
which
was
in
great
favour
with
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
second
,
King
of
Naples
:
but
the
Emperor
had
afterward
a
certain
suspicion
of
him
for
a
conspiracy
that
was
de●ised
,
banished
him
,
where
through
grief
he
died
,
having
first
composed
a
Book
of
Consolation
:
Of
this
Pietro
,
Dante
maketh
mention
in
the
first
part
of
the
13
Cant.
saying
,
I
am
he
which
holdeth
both
the
Keys
.
Iohn
Antonio
Campano
.
Iohn
Antonio
Campano
hath
also
given
no
small
reputation
to
this
noble
City
,
of
whom
Raffaello
Voluterano
writeth
,
that
he
know
him
,
being
a
child
,
attended
the
keeping
of
sheep
,
and
being
apt
and
urged
by
nature
,
endeavoured
by
all
means
to
attain
learning
,
wherein
he
so
much
profited
,
that
he
was
esteemed
worthy
to
read
in
the
Schools
of
Paris
,
being
entertained
by
the
Paragians
with
a
large
stipend
,
and
so
much
he
increased
in
fa●●
and
learning
,
that
Pius
the
second
afterward
made
him
Bishop
of
Apruntino
.
This
learned
man
left
behind
him
many
Works
,
of
the
which
was
the
book
of
the
Acts
and
famous
deeds
of
Braccio
of
Montone
.
He
writ
the
life
of
the
worthy
Prince
Frederick
Duke
of
Vrbin
,
and
the
life
of
Pope
Pius
the
second
.
Moreover
in
these
our
daies
Camille
Pellegrino
▪
and
Beneditto
of
Wa
,
excellent
Poets
,
whose
Works
are
well
known
,
have
,
and
alwaies
give
everlasting
honour
to
this
noble
City
.
And
with
these
hath
also
been
very
famous
Iohn
Battista
,
an
eloquent
Orator
.
Afterward
from
Capoa
,
eight
miles
distant
is
Aversa
▪
a
noble
and
a
rich
City
,
builded
upon
the
ruines
of
the
ancient
Attella
,
often
remembred
by
Livy
and
Marcus
Tullius
.
Atella
was
the
well-spring
of
lascivious
Verses
,
The
City
Atella
.
and
wanton
and
effeminate
behaviours
;
whereupon
the
compositions
,
and
lascivious
Comodies
and
dishonest
,
were
called
Atelliane
.
Boyes
and
girls
were
taught
certain
lascivious
Verses
,
and
to
that
purpose
did
come
with
a
certain
composed
measure
,
and
wanton
carriage
of
the
body
,
and
roling
the
eyes
to
pronounce
them
with
so
great
immodesty
and
lascivious
behaviours
,
at
the
Tables
of
dishonest
persons
,
and
on
the
Stages
,
that
there
wanted
nothing
but
the
dishonest
and
carnal
conjunction
together
.
But
of
better
discipline
was
the
beginning
of
Aversa
,
the
which
by
Averso
the
Norman
,
a
famous
Captain
,
was
first
built
,
The
City
Aversa
,
by
whom
it
was
built
.
and
afterwards
was
beautified
by
Robert
Guiscardo
,
a
worthy
and
a
valiant
man
.
This
City
was
ruinated
and
defaced
even
to
the
foundation
by
Charls
the
first
of
Angio
King
of
Naples
,
for
the
Rebellion
of
the
House
Rebursa
:
But
it
was
afterward
newly
re-edified
and
beautified
by
Charls
the
second
,
King
,
his
son
.
This
City
is
great
,
Aversa
destroyed
by
Charls
of
Angio
,
King
of
Naples
.
and
much
inhabited
,
and
is
one
of
the
principal
in
the
Land
of
Lavoro
,
as
well
for
the
vicinity
and
neighbourhood
of
the
City
of
Naples
,
from
the
which
it
is
not
distant
more
then
seven
miles
,
as
also
for
the
fertilty
of
the
pleasant
and
beautifull
fields
thereof
,
the
which
being
inclosed
in
six
miles
,
spread
between
Naples
and
Capoa
:
And
a
little
more
towards
Linterne
,
compassing
a
great
part
of
the
Leborine
fields
,
sometime
very
famous
,
and
now
called
Gaudo
.
Moreover
this
City
is
very
honorable
for
the
Bishoprick
,
which
yieldeth
eight
thousand
Crowns
yearly
,
and
is
now
under
the
Authority
of
the
worthy
and
reverend
Lord
Don
Pietro
Orsino
,
a
Prelate
(
as
it
is
commonly
said
)
of
great
clemency
and
wisdom
,
Don
Pietro
Orsino
.
The
famous
men
of
Aversa
.
whereby
he
is
loved
and
honoured
of
all
.
This
City
had
many
famous
men
very
expert
in
the
Law
;
as
Cavello
Barnado
President
of
the
Kings
Chamber
,
Felice
Barnada
,
Tomaso
Grammatico
,
a
famous
Councellor
for
the
deciding
of
controversies
,
Scipio
Cutinar●o
,
Regent
of
the
Councel
of
Italy
in
Spain
,
Marc.
of
Mauro
,
President
of
the
Summaria
.
In
Philosophy
have
been
many
learned
,
as
Bartholmew
of
Donato
,
which
writ
a
discourse
de
Corporeitatis
Luca
Prassitio
,
which
subtilly
and
wittily
writ
ten
Disputations
against
Augustine
:
Nifo
of
Sessa
,
very
learned
are
these
Treatises
,
De
immortalitate
animae
:
and
de
prestantia
literarum
supra
arma
,
wherein
he
exprest
great
learning
,
and
in
these
daies
together
with
these
the
reverend
Father
Alfonso
of
Marco
,
of
the
reformed
Order
of
Preachers
,
who
for
his
good
and
examplary
life
,
shineth
as
the
Sun
in
darkness
,
he
hath
learnedly
writ
upon
Logick
,
natural
Philosophy
,
the
soul
,
Metaphysick
,
and
de
ente
rationis
,
and
he
is
now
commenting
the
same
of
St.
Thomas
,
and
if
God
permit
him
life
,
we
may
expect
other
learned
Works
to
proceed
from
him
.
In
the
aforesaid
City
are
these
Noble
Families
,
Altimaro
,
Cutinario
,
Gargano
,
Grimaldo
,
Landulfo
,
Pacifio
,
Scaglione
,
Silvestro
,
Simonello
,
Tufo
,
Ricardo
,
Della
Valle
,
and
others
.
Not
far
from
Aversa
is
Marigliano
in
a
good
Soil
,
and
is
wholly
walled
about
,
and
by
the
Ancients
called
Merlianum
Marigliano
.
and
Marianum
,
the
Citizens
whereof
say
,
that
it
was
so
called
by
C.
Marius
the
Founder
thereof
,
and
it
is
now
indued
with
the
dignity
of
a
Marquiss
,
under
the
jurisdiction
of
the
House
of
Montenegro
▪
Innocentius
the
third
,
Bishop
of
Rome
,
hath
much
honoured
this
Land
,
being
born
there
;
and
at
this
present
R.
D.
Iacobo
Marotta
a
learned
Philosopher
,
who
hath
written
upon
the
predicables
and
predicaments
of
the
Logick
of
Scotus
,
&
de
triplici
intellectu
,
Humane
,
Angelical
,
and
Divine
,
and
read
in
the
common
Schools
of
Naples
,
the
Metaphisicks
with
a
wonderfull
concourse
of
Students
.
Afterward
appeareth
the
City
Acerra
,
called
by
Strabo
,
Acerrae
,
which
was
burnt
by
Hannibal
the
Carthaginian
:
The
City
Acerra
,
why
it
was
built
.
But
was
again
newly
re-edified
by
the
Romans
,
whereof
Livy
often
maketh
mention
,
and
Virgil
calleth
the
Territory
thereof
very
good
and
fertile
.
Near
to
which
City
runneth
the
River
Glanio
,
very
hurtfull
to
the
Country
through
the
continual
inundations
,
and
therefore
is
almost
disinhabited
.
Acerra
was
builded
by
the
people
Nasamoni
,
who
in
honour
of
Iupiter
Feretrio
made
a
high
Altar
after
the
fashion
of
a
little
Ship
,
Acerrr
,
why
it
was
so
called
.
whereupon
they
burnt
great
abundance
of
sweet
Odours
,
wherefore
it
was
called
Acerra
by
the
Nasamoni
,
which
opinion
Alexander
of
Alexandro
Neopolitan
confirmeth
in
the
7
Chapter
of
his
third
Book
,
speaking
of
their
Gemali
:
Acerra
erat
ara
constituta
ubi
odores
incenderet
,
The
Temple
of
Iupiter
Feretrio
.
quae
acerra
dicta
erat
à
Nasamonibus
populis
.
Some
are
of
opinion
that
an
Altar
so
called
,
was
only
devised
by
the
Nasamoni
,
but
that
Numa
Pompilius
erected
the
Temple
of
Iupiter
Feretrio
.
Festo
believeth
that
Feretrio
was
so
called
by
bringing
of
peace
,
although
Plutarch
saith
that
he
should
be
so
named
by
the
wounding
of
enemies
:
whereupon
Propertio
writeth
a
learned
Elegy
of
Iupiter
Feretrio
thus
,
Propertio
in
4.
Nunc
Iovis
incipiam
causas
aperire
Feretrii
,
Armaque
de
ducibus
trima
recepta
tribus
.
To
which
Temple
the
Ancients
when
they
obtained
victory
of
their
enemies
,
consecrated
all
their
best
and
richest
spoils
.
Departing
from
Acerra
,
is
the
River
Glanio
;
which
springeth
from
the
Hill
above
Sessua
,
The
river
Glanio
and
the
originall
thereof
.
by
ancient
Writers
named
Clanius
,
whereof
Virgil
maketh
mention
in
two
of
his
Georgicks
thus
,
Talem
dives
arat
Capua
vicina
Vesevo
.
Ora
jugo
&
vacuis
Clanius
non
aequus
Acerris
.
Probus
writeth
that
the
River
Clanio
took
that
name
from
the
Giant
Clanio
.
Afterward
is
seen
Sessula
,
Sessula
distant
from
Acerra
four
miles
,
called
by
Strabo
,
Suessula
,
and
by
Livy
in
many
places
,
and
in
his
seventh
Book
sheweth
that
in
this
City
was
a
great
battel
between
the
Romans
and
the
Samnites
,
where
the
Samnites
were
put
to
flight
by
M.
Valer.
This
City
is
almost
now
ruinated
.
Afterward
appeareth
from
the
North
part
,
the
Hils
of
Capoa
,
called
by
Livy
,
Tifata
,
these
Hils
are
above
Capoa
,
and
above
all
this
Country
,
the
which
pass
along
even
to
the
Territory
of
Nola.
The
river
Isclero
.
Afterward
is
the
River
Isclero
,
and
the
River
Sorritello
;
and
not
far
off
upon
a
fair
Hill
is
the
Aierola
,
an
excellent
Country
,
honoured
with
the
dignity
of
a
Dukedom
under
the
Family
Caracciola
.
Aierola
.
From
Aierola
five
miles
is
in
a
fair
Plain
,
Arienzo
,
a
Country
full
of
worthy
and
honourable
people
,
called
of
the
Latines
,
Argentum
,
the
Territory
whereof
is
very
fertile
and
full
of
Fruit
,
and
especially
of
Percope
,
where
they
grow
more
common
in
this
Country
then
any
other
,
verily
these
fruits
are
to
be
preferred
before
all
others
for
their
delicacy
and
great
goodness
these
said
Trees
live
not
above
five
years
,
and
it
is
necessary
that
the
seeds
or
carnels
thereof
be
sowed
towards
the
East
,
in
a
place
where
the
cold
cannot
hurt
them
,
for
cold
is
a
great
enemy
to
these
Trees
;
the
Fruit
thereof
is
of
the
colour
of
Gold
with
red
spots
,
and
a
slender
rine
,
and
weighs
a
pound
and
more
according
to
the
place
where
they
be
planted
.
Not
far
off
upon
a
steep
and
pleasant
little
Hill
is
the
City
of
Caserta
,
replenished
with
worthy
and
honourable
people
,
the
original
whereof
is
uncertain
,
The
City
Caserta
,
by
whom
it
was
built
the
Citizens
of
it
affirm
by
ancient
tradition
,
that
it
was
builded
by
the
Sessulani
and
Galatini
,
others
believe
from
the
reliques
of
the
second
Capoa
in
the
Hill
Trifisco
,
and
last
of
all
others
say
that
it
should
be
builded
by
the
Longobards
,
and
was
made
a
Cathedral
Church
by
Alexander
the
fourth
,
Bishop
of
Rome
.
The
Lords
of
Aquino
ruled
this
City
a
long
time
;
afterward
it
came
under
the
Counts
of
Tilesia
,
of
the
Noble
Family
Siginulfa
,
and
lastly
Giulio
Antonio
Acquaniva
,
a
noble
Lord
,
possest
it
with
the
Title
of
a
Prince
.
The
noble
Family
of
Santori
hath
much
honoured
this
City
,
of
which
that
excellent
Doctor
of
Law
,
Lonardo
,
Lonardo
Santoro
.
hath
been
much
renowned
who
left
to
the
world
a
worthy
and
honourable
issue
,
from
whom
descended
the
famous
and
reverend
Giulio
Antonio
Santoro
,
Cardinal
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
and
Francesco
Antonio
,
Archbishop
of
Severin●
his
brother
,
men
no
less
famous
for
Learning
,
then
for
sincerity
of
life
.
Going
a
little
farther
is
Mataloni
,
Mataloni
.
of
some
called
Magdaloni
,
and
of
others
Metalionis
,
which
hath
the
dignity
of
a
Dukedome
,
subject
to
the
noble
Family
of
Carrafi
.
Near
which
upon
a
Hill
is
the
fair
City
of
Venafro
,
named
by
Strabo
,
Venafrum
,
Venafro
.
the
Plain
whereof
Pliny
calleth
fertile
and
full
of
Olives
:
whereupon
Martial
praising
the
Oyle
,
saith
,
Hoc
tibi
Campani
sudavit
bacca
Venafri
Vnguentum
quoties
sumis
,
&
istud
oles
.
This
City
in
the
time
of
our
Ancestors
had
the
Title
of
a
County
under
the
Pandoni
Gentlemen
of
Naples
,
after
the
which
it
came
under
the
Dominion
of
the
worthy
Lords
of
Lanoia
,
Princes
of
Sulmona
,
but
now
it
is
in
the
Kings
hands
.
Going
a
little
farther
is
the
noble
&
ancient
City
of
Sora
,
so
called
both
now
,
and
in
old
time
,
The
City
Sora.
which
in
the
time
of
the
Romans
was
the
principal
City
of
all
Sannio
▪
Pliny
placeth
it
in
the
first
Region
,
and
Ptolomy
in
Latium
,
and
Strabo
describeth
it
in
happy
Campania
.
We
following
the
division
of
the
Kings
Court
,
place
it
in
this
Province
of
the
Land
of
Lavoro
,
or
happy
Campania
.
Livy
saith
that
the
said
City
was
made
at
one
and
the
same
time
a
Colony
of
the
Romans
,
with
Alba
,
which
was
of
the
Territory
Vestino
;
but
possest
by
the
Samnites
.
This
which
Livy
saith
,
that
Sora
should
be
of
the
Territory
Vestino
,
is
true
,
for
this
reason
,
that
the
City
Vestina
being
near
Garigliano
,
in
the
Plain
of
Sessa
,
that
which
was
from
the
mouth
of
the
River
even
to
Sora
,
by
the
River
Garigliano
,
all
under
one
only
name
of
Vestini
became
so
called
,
and
Garigliano
and
Sessa
were
comprehended
under
the
self-same
of
Vestini
.
Livy
saith
that
the
Sorani
becoming
rebels
and
joyning
with
the
Samniti
,
went
against
them
with
all
their
force
,
and
saith
that
in
this
rebellion
the
Sorani
cut
in
pieces
the
Roman
Colonies
that
were
there
;
which
stirred
so
great
desire
of
revenge
,
The
Sorani
cut
in
pieces
the
Roman
Colonies
.
that
at
length
the
City
was
taken
by
Treason
,
one
of
Sora
bringing
in
ten
Romans
secretly
into
the
Castle
,
whereupon
the
Citizens
broke
up
the
Gates
in
the
night
and
fled
away
,
and
the
Roman
Army
freely
entred
in
,
and
there
were
taken
325
of
the
Sorani
,
Authors
of
the
Rebellion
,
and
the
death
of
the
Roman
Colonies
,
The
Romans
take
Sora.
and
were
carried
bound
to
Rome
,
and
cruelly
beaten
in
the
Market-place
,
and
afterward
put
to
death
to
the
great
contentment
of
the
people
,
The
Romans
send
another
Colony
to
Sora.
Sora
destroyed
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
second
.
The
River
Fibreno
,
and
the
beginning
thereof
.
which
desired
as
their
proper
interest
,
that
in
their
Colonies
their
Citizens
might
be
secure
.
But
within
awhile
following
the
Romans
sent
another
Colony
to
Sora
under
the
Consulship
of
L.
Genutio
,
and
of
Servio
Cornelio
,
the
which
for
a
long
time
remained
there
peaceable
:
But
in
the
time
afterward
of
Gregory
the
ninth
,
was
destroyed
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
second
;
and
for
all
this
,
was
by
the
same
Citizens
repaired
,
and
in
process
of
time
increased
in
much
honour
and
riches
,
and
is
now
reputed
one
of
the
best
Cities
in
all
that
Province
,
and
is
adorned
with
the
Title
of
a
Dukedome
.
The
said
City
on
the
one
side
is
compassed
with
a
stately
and
strong
Wall
,
and
the
other
is
defended
with
the
River
Fibreno
,
which
hath
its
beginning
under
the
Mountains
of
Capistrello
,
which
is
a
Country
in
the
Apennin
,
eight
miles
above
Sora
,
The
River
Liris
,
now
called
Garigliano
.
which
River
entreth
into
Garigliano
(
called
in
old
time
Liris
)
near
the
Monastery
of
St.
Dominico
of
Cisterniensi
.
This
River
aboundeth
with
water
,
and
seemeth
to
be
that
which
according
to
Pliny
cometh
from
the
Lake
Fucino
,
which
in
the
beginning
is
divided
into
two
branches
,
whereof
that
on
the
left
hand
,
by
means
of
the
high
and
steep
Mountains
is
very
swift
,
but
that
on
the
right
hand
running
by
a
Rock
,
and
falling
not
from
that
hight
as
the
other
,
passeth
with
a
pleasant
current
very
calm
and
beautifull
.
These
two
branches
being
joyned
again
together
under
Sora
,
make
an
Island
very
delightfull
,
and
of
much
traffick
,
An
Island
,
a
most
beautiful
Country
,
called
by
the
Ancients
Interamnia
.
which
the
Ancients
have
called
Interamina
.
Following
the
course
of
these
Rivers
,
are
these
Countries
following
Torre
,
Campolato
,
Isoletta
,
and
Colledrago
.
Now
above
the
Isle
before
named
,
which
with
those
two
Arms
makes
Garigliano
,
there
are
very
high
Hils
,
and
almost
wholly
disinhabited
;
and
on
the
right
hand
there
is
a
Country
above
those
rough
and
cragge
Hils
,
very
pleasant
,
called
Comino
,
which
is
invironed
with
very
high
Hils
,
and
hath
seven
Countries
wel
inhabited
that
is
,
Comino
,
a
pleasant
Country
was
●o
called
by
an
ancient
City
of
the
same
name
.
Vicalvo
,
Alvito
,
Santo
Donato
,
Settefrati
,
Piacinisco
,
Gallinaro
,
and
Casalviero
.
This
Country
was
in
old
time
called
Comino
,
of
a
City
which
was
there
so
called
,
whereof
Livy
speaketh
in
many
places
,
and
chiefly
in
the
tenth
Book
,
where
he
saith
,
that
it
was
taken
by
Spurio
Carvillo
Consul
,
being
entred
within
it
,
and
his
Souldiers
retired
,
which
had
the
Guard
of
the
Market-place
,
there
was
given
to
Papirio
the
Consul
eleven
thousand
and
thirty
men
,
the
first
being
killed
by
four
thousand
three
hundred
and
eighty
.
In
this
same
Country
on
the
right
hand
under
the
Hils
is
Atina
,
an
ancient
City
,
which
was
one
of
those
five
which
made
Arms
for
the
aid
of
Turnus
,
The
City
Atina
.
against
Aeneas
,
according
to
Virgil
in
the
seventh
of
Eneidos
,
Quinque
adeo
magnae
positis
incudibus
urbos
Tola
novant
,
Atina
potens
,
&c.
At
the
side
of
the
said
City
runneth
the
River
Melfa
,
which
riseth
in
the
Apennin
Hils
,
The
River
Melfa
.
and
entreth
into
Garigliano
,
near
Pontecorvo
,
a
City
whereof
Virgil
and
Livy
make
mention
.
Coming
down
into
the
bottom
of
this
Country
on
the
side
of
the
said
River
,
under
the
Castle
of
Casalviero
on
the
left
hand
,
is
a
little
Country
which
they
call
Schiavi
;
and
yet
lower
upon
a
very
rough
and
craggie
Hill
is
Arpino
,
a
famous
City
,
whose
stately
Walls
yet
standing
declare
the
greatness
thereof
;
The
City
Arpino
.
and
although
it
hath
been
the
natural
Country
as
well
of
Caio
.
Marius
as
of
Marcus
Tullius
,
the
one
the
mirror
of
Chivalry
,
the
other
of
Eloquence
,
yet
that
preferring
Learning
before
Martial
Affairs
,
used
for
the
Arms
M.
T.
C.
Under
Arpino
on
the
left
hand
near
the
River
Melfa
is
Fontana
,
a
little
Country
;
and
hard
by
is
Arce
,
The
Arms
of
Arpino
.
a
worthy
City
,
the
Territory
whereof
aboundeth
with
great
store
of
excellent
Fruits
,
and
hath
a
goodly
Fortress
,
and
is
beautified
with
the
Title
of
a
Dukedom
.
The
City
Arce
Not
far
off
followeth
the
City
Aquino
,
called
in
old
time
Aquinum
,
which
is
almost
ruinated
,
whose
Reliques
manifestly
declare
what
great
estimation
it
had
in
former
times
,
The
City
Aquino
.
where
apparently
are
seen
the
ruines
of
stately
Buildings
,
with
goodly
Statues
of
Marble
.
Both
now
and
ever
Aquino
hath
received
much
honour
by
Giovenale
a
Satyrical
Poet
,
and
Victorino
an
excellent
Geometrician
,
Giovenal
,
a
Satyrical
Poet.
who
flourished
in
the
time
of
Leo
the
first
(
according
to
the
opinion
of
some
)
he
found
the
computation
of
Easter
,
according
to
the
course
of
the
Moon
,
Victorino
,
a
Geometrician
.
at
the
perswasion
of
Pope
Hillary
.
Moreover
Pescenio
Negro
Emperor
of
Rome
,
hath
honoured
this
Country
,
as
Herodian
declareth
in
his
second
Book
of
his
Cesars
.
Pescenio
Negro
,
Emperor
.
And
although
the
said
City
be
almost
ruinated
,
nevertheless
it
hath
the
dignity
of
a
County
.
Here
Robert
Guiscardo
the
Norman
was
created
with
great
solemnity
Duke
of
Apuglia
and
Calauria
,
St.
Thomas
of
Aquin.
Gio
Menardo
,
in
the
6
book
of
epistles
,
in
the
5
epistle
.
Adinolfo
,
Count
of
Aquino
,
and
Duke
of
Gaeta
.
by
Gregory
the
seventh
,
Bishop
of
Rome
,
in
the
year
1073.
as
Biondo
writeth
in
his
Histories
,
and
Platina
in
the
life
of
the
said
Gregory
.
But
above
all
,
that
Angelical
Doctor
St.
Thomas
,
hath
most
honoured
Aquino
,
the
which
though
born
in
Naples
,
is
sirnamed
of
Aquino
,
because
his
Ancestors
possest
that
Country
,
with
other
Cities
and
Lands
.
Iohn
Menardo
saith
,
that
the
said
Angelical
Doctor
was
of
the
House
of
Frangipane
;
others
say
that
he
was
of
the
Noble
Family
of
Sammacula
,
and
that
afterward
from
that
Seignory
(
as
we
have
said
)
which
they
had
of
Aquino
,
they
were
sirnamed
of
Aquino
,
the
which
Family
was
much
advanced
by
Adinolfo
,
County
of
Aquino
,
for
as
much
as
by
the
common
consent
of
the
Gaetani
,
he
was
created
Duke
of
their
City
;
among
the
ancient
Poets
,
Rinaldo
of
Aquino
hath
been
very
excellent
,
of
whom
Monsignor
Pietro
Bembo
maketh
mention
in
his
Epistles
.
Now
coming
again
into
our
former
order
,
leaving
the
ancient
City
of
Aquino
,
there
is
on
the
left
hand
Roccasecca
,
and
on
the
right
hand
upon
a
high
Hill
is
the
famous
and
worthy
Monastery
of
Monte
Casino
,
Monte
Casino
.
builded
upon
the
ruines
of
the
noble
City
of
Casino
,
an
ancient
Colony
of
the
Romans
,
and
a
worthy
City
of
the
Lat●nes
,
which
(
as
Livy
writeth
)
had
a
Colony
brought
together
with
Minturn
,
the
which
in
the
time
of
the
Romans
was
very
famous
,
for
that
noble
and
stately
Temple
of
Apollo
,
which
had
a
hundred
and
fifty
high
and
mighty
Pillars
.
The
said
Monastery
was
builded
by
St.
Benedict
Norsino
,
for
his
Monks
,
in
the
year
of
Christ
5●0
where
Totila
King
of
the
Goths
going
to
visit
him
,
understanding
he
had
a
spirit
of
Prophesie
,
and
purposing
to
make
tryal
,
Totila
,
King
of
Goths
▪
if
that
which
had
been
reported
were
true
,
put
on
Lackies
apparel
,
causing
another
to
go
before
him
,
cloathed
in
Kingly
Ornaments
,
which
feigned
himself
to
be
Totila
;
but
the
Saint
knowing
of
God
the
deceit
sent
unto
him
with
a
cheerfull
countenance
to
stay
with
the
rest
of
his
company
,
and
pointing
to
the
King
which
was
basely
appareled
,
requesting
him
to
come
into
the
Monastery
.
But
neither
this
,
nor
other
the
like
signes
of
sanctity
,
which
St.
Benedict
declared
to
the
Lombards
,
were
sufficient
to
restrain
the
unbridled
fury
of
these
Barbarians
,
that
they
might
not
destroy
this
Monastery
,
the
which
was
foretold
to
the
Monks
by
their
Father
St.
Benedict
.
It
was
afterward
repaired
again
upon
the
first
foundations
,
and
also
enlarged
112
years
after
by
Petronio
Petronasso
Bresciano
,
through
the
perswasion
of
Pope
Gregory
the
second
,
as
Paulo
Diacono
writeth
,
and
Elia
Capriolo
,
in
his
third
Book
of
the
Brescian
Histories
.
The
Revenue
of
these
Monks
yearly
,
Paulo
Diacono
in
his
6
book
of
histories
▪
was
more
then
fifty
thousand
Crowns
.
There
lieth
with
great
devotion
in
the
said
Monastery
,
the
bodies
of
many
Saints
and
blessed
people
,
especially
that
of
S.
Benedict
Norsino
,
the
Founder
and
Head
thereof
,
and
of
St.
Scolastica
his
sister
,
whose
holy
bodies
were
there
found
in
the
year
1443.
whereby
it
seemeth
that
that
cannot
be
true
,
which
Paulo
Diacono
writeth
of
them
,
saying
,
that
in
the
year
694
,
in
the
time
of
Gisulfo
,
Prince
of
Benevento
▪
the
said
holy
bodies
were
carried
by
certain
Frenchmen
into
France
,
where
to
the
honour
both
of
the
one
and
the
other
,
were
builded
two
Royal
Monasteries
.
The
which
opinion
is
so
much
the
less
true
,
as
that
Pope
Zachary
affirmeth
to
have
seen
the
bodies
of
these
two
Saints
with
his
own
eyes
in
the
Mount
Casino
many
years
after
;
wherefore
we
will
give
more
credit
to
the
report
of
a
chief
Bishop
,
and
to
the
bodies
which
were
found
and
seen
in
the
year
1443.
then
to
the
opinion
of
Paulo
Diacono
.
Pliny
declareth
in
the
fourth
Chapter
of
his
seventh
Book
,
that
in
the
said
City
of
Casino
in
the
time
of
the
Consulship
of
Licinio
Crasso
,
and
of
Caio
Cassio
longo
,
a
girl
in
a
certain
house
b●●●me
a
boy
,
which
by
commandment
and
advice
of
their
Southsayers
was
carried
〈◊〉
left
in
an
Island
abandoned
.
At
the
foot
of
the
Mount
Casino
is
Saint
Germano
,
a
new
City
,
so
called
by
the
name
of
a
holy
Abbot
which
built
it
.
Going
farther
is
Theano
,
called
by
Pliny
and
Strabo
,
Theanum
Sidicinum
,
a
City
whether
Augustus
sent
a
Colony
;
and
not
far
off
is
Calvi
,
The
City
Theano
.
an
ancient
City
which
was
builded
by
Calai
,
the
son
of
Borea
,
which
came
into
these
places
after
the
return
of
the
Aragonanti
,
as
Silio
declareth
in
his
eight
book
,
The
City
Calvi
.
although
Livy
and
Festo
affirm
that
the
first
Inhabiters
were
the
Ausoni
.
Afterward
we
come
to
Piedemonte
of
Alife
,
a
good
and
a
plentifull
Country
,
and
full
of
worthy
people
,
where
through
the
commodity
which
they
have
of
the
water
,
is
made
good
Cloth
of
Wooll
;
out
of
this
Country
hath
risen
many
excellent
men
,
indued
with
much
Learning
,
among
the
which
these
are
of
the
greatest
note
,
Philippo
Francisco
of
Piedemonte
,
which
commented
the
Poetry
of
Horace
,
Lodovico
Paterno
,
an
excellent
vulgar
Poet
;
but
in
these
our
daies
the
said
Country
is
much
renowned
,
by
means
of
certain
Gentlemen
which
being
contented
with
their
retired
estate
,
live
vertuously
,
employing
the
time
in
the
exercise
of
Divine
Learning
,
and
some
of
them
in
giving
councel
to
others
in
the
profession
of
the
Laws
.
Of
the
same
Country
was
Nuntio
Tatiaglia
,
which
composed
the
practice
of
the
Civil
and
Criminal
Lieutenantship
.
The
City
Lauro
,
by
whom
it
was
built
.
Following
the
same
way
is
Lauro
,
situate
in
a
pleasant
and
delightfull
place
.
This
City
was
builded
by
Ruberto
Orsino
,
Count
of
Nola
,
as
Cantalitio
the
Poet
writeth
in
his
fourth
Book
,
where
he
saith
that
the
said
Count
built
it
,
because
that
great
Captain
Consalvo
Ferrando
of
Cordova
received
in
the
said
place
the
Crown
of
Laurel
,
after
he
had
the
victory
of
the
French
.
This
Country
hath
the
title
of
a
Marquis
,
the
Lord
whereof
is
Don
Scipio
Pignatello
,
a
most
worthy
man
,
and
of
very
honourable
and
vertuous
qualities
.
A
little
farther
is
Palma
,
which
belongeth
to
the
said
Marquiss
,
the
which
Castle
was
also
builded
by
the
said
Count
of
Nola
,
Palma
The
Plain
of
Palma
.
and
to
this
intent
I
will
not
omit
to
speak
of
the
Plain
of
Palma
,
so
much
commended
for
the
hunting
there
,
where
that
great
Alfonsus
the
first
of
Arragon
,
King
of
Naples
,
built
to
this
purpose
a
sumptuous
Palace
,
which
afterward
was
destroyed
by
Charls
the
eight
,
King
of
France
,
although
the
reliques
are
yet
to
be
seen
.
Hard
by
is
the
ancient
and
noble
City
of
Nola
,
The
City
Nola.
so
called
by
Strabo
in
his
fifth
book
.
This
City
was
builded
(
as
Trogo
affirmeth
)
by
the
Giapigii
;
but
according
to
Solmo
by
the
Tirii
.
It
was
very
great
in
old
time
,
this
City
,
as
Ambrogio
Leoni
declareth
in
his
first
book
of
Nola
,
that
the
Wals
thereof
(
as
he
saith
)
were
in
compass
2017
paces
,
having
twelve
parts
,
and
was
built
round
.
Nola
may
boast
,
that
the
Emperor
Octavius
Augustus
the
Monarch
of
the
world
died
therein
,
The
death
of
the
Emperor
Octavius
Augustus
.
in
honour
of
whom
,
Tiberius
his
successor
in
the
Empire
,
builded
in
the
said
City
a
stately
Temple
,
the
reliques
whereof
are
yet
to
be
seen
:
There
are
also
to
be
seen
in
this
place
,
many
reliques
of
ancient
and
stately
buildings
;
now
it
is
not
so
great
;
though
it
be
very
populous
.
The
amorous
Flora
was
of
this
City
,
who
dying
,
left
her
only
heir
of
all
her
Jewels
and
Riches
the
people
of
Rome
,
and
so
much
money
was
there
found
in
her
house
,
with
the
Iewels
which
they
sold
,
Flora
and
her
Riches
.
as
were
sufficient
to
build
the
Walls
of
Rome
,
and
also
to
redeem
the
Commonwealth
:
Wherefore
the
Romans
,
because
she
had
her
beginning
at
Rome
,
and
also
had
left
all
her
goods
to
the
Commonwealth
,
built
a
most
sumptuous
and
stately
Temple
in
memory
of
her
,
from
whose
name
they
called
it
Floriano
,
The
Temple
of
Flora.
wherein
every
year
,
on
that
day
which
she
died
,
they
celebrated
the
Feast
of
the
Goddess
Flora.
Suetonio
Tranquillo
saith
,
that
the
first
Feast
which
the
Emperor
Galba
celebrated
in
Rome
,
was
the
Feast
of
amorous
Flora
,
in
the
which
all
the
Romans
,
both
men
and
women
might
lawfully
commit
any
lascivious
dishonesty
,
which
then
was
accounted
the
most
holy
,
that
which
that
day
was
most
dishonest
.
St.
Felix
Bishop
.
St.
Felix
Bishop
hath
given
great
honour
to
this
City
,
whose
body
lieth
in
it
,
and
as
they
say
,
there
riseth
continually
Manna
out
of
his
holy
bones
,
whose
life
was
written
by
St.
Paulino
Bishop
of
this
City
.
St.
Paulino
was
the
inventor
of
the
use
of
Bels
,
St.
Paulino
the
Inventer
of
Bels.
an
Instrument
utterly
unknown
to
the
Ancients
,
which
is
now
so
necessary
in
the
Church
of
God
:
He
gave
it
the
name
of
Campane
,
because
he
invented
it
in
Campania
,
where
is
the
aforesaid
City
of
Nola
,
of
the
which
he
was
Bishop
;
and
that
the
Citizens
ever
since
glorying
therein
(
as
rightly
they
may
)
have
alwaies
used
to
give
a
Bell
for
the
Arms
of
the
City
.
The
Arms
of
Nola.
And
to
say
something
of
the
famous
Counts
of
Nola
;
Monsignieur
Guido
da
Monforte
was
the
first
thereof
,
The
first
Counts
of
Nola
.
a
most
noble
and
valiant
Gentleman
of
France
,
which
came
with
Charls
the
first
of
Angio
to
the
Conquest
of
the
Kingdom
,
with
whom
he
was
in
great
estimation
,
and
having
one
only
daughter
,
called
Anastasia
,
married
to
Romano
Orsino
,
chief
Justice
of
the
Kingdom
,
who
by
the
death
of
his
Father
in
Law
,
Romano
Orsino
was
the
first
of
that
Family
that
had
Lordship
in
the
Kingdom
.
succeeded
in
the
County
,
which
was
the
first
of
the
Family
of
Orsina
,
which
had
Seigniory
in
the
Kingdom
.
The
posterity
of
this
man
have
proved
all
worthy
men
and
very
valiant
;
but
the
matchless
Paragon
of
all
was
Ramondo
,
which
florished
in
the
time
of
Charls
the
second
,
for
being
chased
away
and
forsaken
by
his
Father
,
went
into
Soria
,
after
he
had
in
a
journey
into
the
Holy
Land
,
done
many
valiant
exploits
against
the
Moors
,
and
overcome
in
a
private
combate
,
Wherefore
the
Rose
was
adjoyned
to
Arms
of
the
House
of
Orsina
.
a
most
fierce
and
mighty
Saracin
,
who
carried
a
Rose
upon
the
top
of
his
wreathed
Turbant
,
returned
home
into
the
Kingdom
with
great
honour
,
and
for
a
token
of
that
Victory
,
joyned
it
with
much
glory
to
his
Arms
,
whereupon
through
his
great
magnanimity
and
valour
,
was
made
Prince
of
Taranto
.
That
Principality
hath
been
continued
even
to
this
present
,
one
of
the
most
important
Members
of
the
Kingdom
,
for
it
contained
very
much
land
,
and
Cities
of
greatest
importance
,
which
for
brevity
I
omit
to
name
;
so
that
Ramondo
being
a
very
mighty
and
great
Lord
,
the
House
of
Orsina
was
very
famous
through
all
Italy
.
R●mondo
married
the
Lady
Mary
of
Eugenio
▪
of
an
honourable
proginy
in
France
,
who
after
the
death
of
her
husband
;
having
the
tuition
of
her
children
,
became
Queen
of
Naples
,
at
such
time
as
King
Ladislao
besieged
her
in
Taranto
,
who
being
not
able
to
subdue
her
,
resolved
to
take
her
for
his
wife
,
and
so
by
that
means
to
possess
the
Inheritance
of
the
children
of
Ramondo
,
of
whom
the
first
was
Iohn
Antonio
,
who
redeemed
the
Principality
of
Taranto
with
money
from
Iames
,
husband
of
Queen
Ione
.
This
Iohn
Antonio
increased
much
his
Patrimony
with
Lands
of
great
importance
,
and
was
highly
favoured
by
Alfonsus
of
Arragon
,
Iohn
Antonio
Orsino
,
Prince
of
Tarento
.
King
of
Naples
,
who
made
him
great
Constable
,
which
is
the
chiefest
of
the
seven
Offices
in
the
Kingdom
,
with
a
hundred
thousand
Duckets
yearly
for
a
Pension
.
And
to
return
to
the
Counts
of
Nola
,
they
were
great
L●rds
,
for
they
possest
Sarno
,
Tripalda
,
Palma
,
Avella
,
Lauro
,
Forino
,
Ascoli
,
and
other
Lands
.
Counts
of
Nola.
But
afterward
Felice
Orsino
,
Prince
of
Salerno
succeeded
in
the
County
,
who
having
little
experience
in
worldly
affairs
,
through
the
d●●●ension
and
division
of
the
Kingdom
,
lost
his
State
in
〈◊〉
time
after
the
death
of
his
Father
.
And
King
Ferrant
the
first
gave
Salerno
to
Robert
〈◊〉
,
and
Nola
,
Tripalda
,
Ascoli
,
Lauro
,
and
Forino
,
to
Orso
Orsino
,
〈…〉
great
Chancellor
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
partner
with
him
in
the
Wars
against
Iohn
Antonio
Orsino
;
whereupon
the
line
of
Romano
Orsino
,
which
had
ruled
Nola
almost
two
hundred
years
,
was
extinguished
,
and
the
Principality
of
Salerno
,
rose
of
the
House
of
Orsino
24
years
after
he
had
it
.
But
this
line
afterward
of
the
Count
Orso
,
continued
but
a
small
time
,
for
the
Lady
Santola
,
a
Citizen
of
Nola
,
by
whom
he
had
two
sons
,
the
one
Duke
of
Ascoli
,
and
the
other
a
Knight
,
lost
all
their
Inheritance
through
the
wicked
means
of
their
mother
,
who
lewdly
justified
of
her
own
accord
,
that
they
were
not
begotten
by
the
Count
Orso
,
were
deprived
of
all
their
right
by
King
Ferdinando
,
who
gave
the
County
of
Nola
,
with
Cimitino
,
Avella
,
Monforte
,
Lauro
,
Palma
,
and
Ottoiano
,
to
the
Count
Nicola
Orsino
of
Pitigliano
,
whose
successors
possest
it
untill
the
year
1528.
the
which
Don
Arrigo
,
in
serving
the
French
,
lost
his
life
and
his
state
also
;
and
so
ended
the
line
of
the
Counts
of
Nola
,
which
were
so
famous
in
this
Kingdom
.
Now
returning
to
our
former
order
,
I
say
,
that
from
the
City
of
Nola
are
also
sprung
many
other
famous
men
,
as
well
adorned
with
Learning
,
as
with
Military
Discipli●e
,
which
would
be
too
teadious
to
repeat
,
and
therefore
I
re●er
the
reader
to
Ambrogio
Lione
,
who
very
exactly
nameth
and
describeth
them
all
.
But
for
us
it
shall
be
only
sufficient
to
name
the
Noble
Families
,
which
the
said
Leone
writeth
of
,
which
are
in
the
said
City
,
and
are
these
following
,
Albertino
,
Alfano
,
Barone
,
Capos●rosa
,
Candido
,
Cesarini
,
Coriale
,
Carmignano
,
Campobascio
,
The
names
of
the
Noble
Families
of
Nola.
de
Ferrariis
,
de
Elia
,
Freccia
,
Fellecchia
,
Fontana
,
Rosa
,
Del
Iodice
,
Ioseph
,
Infante
,
de
Gennaro
,
Maffei
,
Marifeulo
,
Morra
,
Mastril●o
,
Mazzeo
,
Notariis
,
De
Palma
,
Perarii
,
Perrigioanni
,
Rehi
,
Risi
,
Santori
,
Sassolani
,
&c.
and
at
this
present
the
Bishop
of
this
City
,
Fabritio
Gallo
Neopolitan
,
a
Prelate
(
besides
his
learning
)
a
man
of
sincere
and
pure
life
,
who
with
much
diligence
composed
a
Sinodal
Book
of
his
Diocess
.
There
are
many
other
places
,
the
which
I
think
not
fit
to
recite
all
,
but
the
greatest
and
most
important
I
have
not
omitted
any
,
but
the
small
and
little
,
as
those
which
are
thought
to
be
of
little
or
no
account
,
I
have
neglected
,
assuring
you
,
that
to
the
integrity
and
soundness
of
the
Work
,
it
shall
not
fail
in
any
momentary
matter
.
The
Arms
of
this
Noble
Country
is
in
a
Field
Asur●●
Cornucope
in
salter
thorow
the
middle
of
a
Crown
the
first
of
●eres
,
the
other
Bacchus
or
;
The
Arms
of
this
Province
of
Lavoro
.
the
which
Arms
signifie
the
great
fertility
and
abundance
of
the
Country
,
which
as
it
were
Queen
of
every
other
Province
,
exceeds
them
in
all
the
benefits
of
Nature
.
Whereupon
in
confirmation
of
what
I
have
said
,
I
will
concluded
with
L.
Floro
,
who
speaking
thereof
,
thus
writeth
,
Omnium
non
modo
Italia
,
sed
toto
orbe
terrarum
pulcherrima
Campaniae
plaga
est
:
Nihil
mollius
coelo
;
nihil
uberrius
solo
,
nihil
hospitalius
mari
.
Denique
bis
floribus
vernat
,
ideo
Liberi
,
Cererisque
certamen
dicitur
.
Hic
illi
nobiles
portus
Caieta
,
Misenus
,
&
tepentes
fontibus
Baiae
,
Lucrinus
,
&
Avernus
,
qu●dam
maris
otia
.
Hic
amicti
vitibus
montes
●aurus
,
Falernus
,
Massicus
,
Pulcherim●s
omnium
Vessuvius
,
Aetaeni
ignis
imitator
.
Vrbes
ad
mare
,
Formiae
,
Cumae
,
Neapolis
,
Herculanium
,
Pompei
,
&
ipsa
caput
urbium
Capua
,
quodam
inter
tres
maximas
,
Romam
,
Carthaginemque
numerata
,
&c.
The
PRINCIPALITY
On
this
side
the
second
Province
of
the
Kingdome
OF
NAPLES
.
THe
ancient
Inhabiters
of
this
Province
were
called
the
Picentini
:
But
Arechi
the
second
,
14th
Duke
of
Benevento
,
in
the
year
755.
Arechi
,
Duke
of
Benevento
,
in
the
year
755.
much
enlarged
his
Dukedom
,
for
as
much
as
he
not
only
subdued
by
force
of
Arms
the
Picentine
people
,
but
also
the
Irpini
,
whereupon
growing
proud
,
usurped
the
Title
of
Prince
,
and
was
the
first
in
Italy
that
attributed
to
himself
that
Title
,
and
so
commanded
that
his
State
should
be
no
more
called
a
Dukedom
,
but
a
Principality
.
And
from
hence
perhaps
it
so
came
to
pass
,
that
within
a
while
after
from
that
new
Title
of
Prince
,
The
Confines
of
the
Picentini
▪
all
that
part
of
the
Picentini
,
and
of
the
people
Irpini
,
by
one
only
name
were
called
Principato
.
The
Confines
of
the
Picentini
,
according
to
Strabo
,
Ptolomy
,
and
Sempronius
,
hath
on
the
West
the
happy
Campania
,
on
the
North
the
Irpini
,
on
the
East
the
River
Silaro
,
and
Basilicata
▪
and
on
the
South
the
Tirren
Sea
.
This
said
Country
was
within
the
said
limits
in
breadth
16
miles
,
and
in
length
,
beginning
from
Sirenuse
even
unto
the
mouth
of
the
River
Silaro
260
furlongs
,
which
is
33
miles
.
But
according
to
Pliny
only
30.
Where
the
Picentini
dwelt
.
Why
the
Picentini
were
driven
away
by
the
Romans
.
The
City
Picentia
.
the
circuit
of
which
Country
contained
a
part
of
old
Campania
.
The
Romans
brought
these
people
from
Adria
to
inhabit
here
about
the
borders
of
Pestano
.
But
afterward
being
Confederate
with
Hannibal
the
Carthaginian
,
the
Romans
for
this
cause
became
afterwards
their
enemies
,
who
in
disdain
drove
them
out
of
the
Country
,
and
were
forced
to
dwell
elsewhere
,
as
some
report
,
their
principal
City
was
Picentia
,
as
Pliny
testifieth
,
the
which
are
also
so
named
by
Pomponius
and
Silius
in
his
eight
book
,
from
the
which
these
people
derive
the
name
Picentia
,
of
the
Picentini
,
as
some
say
.
Others
affirm
that
the
Sabines
having
chosen
of
a
new
people
,
ce●ain
Colonies
,
sent
them
under
the
Conduct
of
Pico
,
which
brought
them
into
the
borders
of
Pestano
,
and
there
built
the
City
of
Picentia
,
Sundry
opinions
of
the
Picentini
.
from
whence
they
were
afterward
called
Picentini
.
Others
say
that
they
were
so
called
of
Piceno
,
from
whom
their
fore-fathers
draw
their
first
original
,
and
that
from
their
City
the
people
were
so
called
.
And
last
of
all
others
say
from
Pico
,
their
Captain
,
they
had
that
name
,
which
led
the
first
Colony
of
Sabines
into
a
part
of
Pestano
.
The
Territories
of
this
Province
are
very
fruitfull
in
many
places
of
all
sorts
of
Corn
,
and
have
sufficient
store
of
Cattel
;
The
fertility
of
the
Province
.
and
where
there
is
not
that
abundance
of
these
things
yet
that
great
Mother
Nature
yieldeth
other
things
very
plentifull
,
which
in
time
of
Harvest
sufficiently
appears
,
that
even
among
themselves
there
seems
a
certain
emulation
.
Besides
this
,
the
Sea
,
which
every
where
with
great
abundance
of
divers
sorts
of
Fishes
,
both
shel-fish
and
others
,
furnish
it
,
as
it
were
glorying
it self
comes
nothing
behind
the
other
.
To
conclude
,
the
greatest
part
of
this
Region
bringeth
forth
Corn
,
Wine
,
Oyl
,
Rice
,
and
all
other
sorts
of
pulse
.
And
those
places
which
are
any
thing
scarce
of
these
things
,
besides
divers
excellent
Fruits
,
yield
Hony
,
Silk
,
Bombace
,
and
Saffron
:
whereupon
many
say
this
Region
is
seasoned
and
tempered
with
all
the
graces
.
It
is
also
adorned
with
pleasant
Woods
,
and
thick
and
shady
Groves
,
and
hath
high
and
stately
Mountains
,
and
delightfull
Hils
,
with
great
plenty
of
Springs
and
sweet
waters
.
On
the
Sea-side
it
hath
many
secure
&
safe
Havens
,
and
goodly
Shores
,
and
the
places
much
inhabited
;
it
hath
besides
all
sorts
of
fruitfull
Trees
,
and
particularly
those
which
were
transported
by
Hercules
unto
us
out
of
Media
,
as
Citrons
,
Limons
,
and
Oringes
,
which
the
beautifull
Nymph
Amalfi
planted
in
the
pleasant
Vallies
of
this
Country
,
a
place
which
seemeth
to
the
beholders
thereof
,
a
most
beautifull
Embrodery
or
Arras
work
,
where
the
nearer
a
man
cometh
,
the
more
pleasure
increaseth
both
to
the
eyes
and
the
nose
,
besides
the
Mirtle
Trees
,
the
Bayes
,
the
Gelsomine
,
the
Roses
,
the
Rosemary
,
and
Flowers
of
sundry
kinds
,
and
other
the
like
Plants
,
from
whence
proceeds
such
a
fragrant
smell
,
which
mingled
with
divers
odours
,
yields
an
admirable
sweetness
.
Who
can
be
able
to
declare
the
ornament
and
furniture
of
the
Vines
,
from
whence
are
had
such
sweet
and
delicate
Wines
?
Verily
the
places
of
this
Region
are
so
delightfull
and
pleasant
,
that
they
are
worthy
to
be
numbred
among
the
most
beautifull
and
most
delicate
of
all
Italy
.
And
here
the
air
is
temperate
and
wholsome
,
and
through
all
the
year
excellent
hunting
▪
both
for
fowls
and
beasts
.
In
truth
the
Territory
of
this
beautifull
Region
is
such
,
that
all
Italy
hath
not
almost
the
like
,
wherefore
it
may
be
called
a
perfect
work
of
Nature
.
In
praise
whereof
that
learned
Iulius
Cesare
Scaligero
composed
these
Verses
,
Quae
Borcae
g●lidas
furias
contemnit
ovantis
:
Torva
procellosi
despicit
arma
Noti
Medorum
,
&
silvis
foecundas
provocat
auras
,
Fundit
,
&
à
biseris
Indica
dona
jugis
.
Protinus
Autumnus
veris
cum
tempore
certat
,
Et
ver
cum
Autumni
tempore
certat
item
Huc
accessit
hyemes
venerantibus
uda
capillis
,
Et
peperit
mirans
,
&
sibi
poma
legit
.
Tuta
mari
fruitur
:
terrae
dominatur
amarae
,
Et
coeli
mutat
jura
.
quid
ergo
?
Dea.
But
having
now
made
a
description
of
this
Country
,
which
beginneth
at
the
mouth
of
the
River
Sarno
,
leaving
the
Castle
of
Stabie
,
going
by
the
Mediterrane
,
four
miles
distant
from
the
said
River
,
is
the
City
Noceria
,
whereof
M.
Tullius
and
Livy
makes
often
mention
;
Noceria
.
now
called
of
the
Pagans
Nueera
,
because
the
Saracins
held
it
a
certain
time
,
their
Army
being
overthrown
at
Garigliano
by
Pope
Iohn
the
tenth
.
This
said
City
is
indued
with
the
dignitie
of
a
Dukedom
under
the
Family
of
Carrafa
.
And
in
this
City
among
others
,
are
these
Noble
Families
,
Pagano
,
Rinaldo
,
and
Vngro
.
On
the
right
hand
of
Nucera
are
certain
Hils
,
in
the
midst
whereof
lieth
the
Land
of
Tramonti
,
so
called
because
it
is
situated
between
the
Hils
.
At
the
side
of
these
Hils
on
the
left
hand
,
near
to
a
very
pleasant
Valley
,
is
Sanseverino
,
Sanseverino
.
a
good
and
an
excellent
Country
,
from
whence
(
as
some
affirm
)
the
noble
Family
of
Sanseverino
derive
their
original
,
whereof
have
descended
more
excellent
Warriers
then
were
in
the
Trojan
horse
,
of
whose
noble
deeds
Histories
make
sufficient
mention
,
and
whereof
we
have
also
discoursed
in
the
noble
Families
of
Naples
,
whereto
I
refer
the
Reader
.
But
returning
to
the
said
Country
(
although
it
be
of
a
later
time
)
nevertheless
is
very
famous
for
the
excellent
Wines
that
are
had
out
of
the
fertile
Valleys
thereof
,
which
the
Latines
call
Amineum
vinum
,
whereof
Virgil
saith
,
Sunt
&
Animeae
vitis
firmissima
vina
.
Some
had
opinion
that
from
the
ruines
of
the
ancient
City
of
Aminio
,
Sanseverino
should
be
builded
,
in
which
noble
Country
are
many
worthy
Families
,
as
the
Curiale
,
Capacini
,
Caiano
,
Folliero
,
dell'
Abbadessa
,
Pandone
,
Pescara
of
Sarno
,
Sambarbato
.
The
water
of
Mela.
Somewhat
lower
into
the
said
Valley
is
a
Country
called
the
water
of
Mela
,
of
the
Latines
named
Aqua
Malorum
,
where
died
Queen
Margarite
of
Durazzo
,
wife
to
Charls
the
third
,
King
of
Naples
.
Near
to
the
said
Country
is
a
certain
River
which
passeth
a
few
miles
,
but
dives
under
the
earth
,
running
through
certain
holes
and
Channels
in
the
ground
unseen
,
the
space
of
a
hundred
paces
,
and
then
riseth
out
again
so
great
and
clear
as
at
the
first
.
On
the
right
hand
of
the
Valley
,
and
of
the
River
,
upon
a
hill
,
is
the
City
of
Cava
,
so
named
by
the
situation
where
it
standeth
.
For
that
Adalferio
Pappacarbone
,
a
noble
Salernitan
in
the
year
910.
Cava
and
the
beginning
thereof
in
the
year
910.
Adalferio
Pappacarbone
.
drawn
with
holy
zeal
to
do
penance
for
his
sins
,
retired
himself
into
this
place
,
abiding
in
a
certain
Cave
.
The
fame
of
his
vertuous
and
holy
life
,
encouraged
many
to
do
the
li●e
,
whereupon
in
process
of
time
it
came
to
pass
that
place
was
much
frequented
for
the
worship
and
reverence
of
the
sacred
Hermitages
and
Churches
that
were
there
;
for
the
which
Guaimaro
the
sixth
,
Prince
of
Salerno
in
the
year
940.
Guaimaro
,
Prince
of
Salerno
,
the
6.
an
.
940
built
for
the
benefit
of
the
Monks
of
the
Order
of
S.
Benedict
,
a
sumptuous
and
stately
Monastery
,
and
indued
it
with
great
Revenues
.
In
process
of
time
following
,
the
said
Monastery
was
given
in
commendum
to
certain
Prelates
,
but
came
afterward
into
the
possession
of
the
Cardinal
Olivero
Carrafa
,
who
understanding
the
good
life
of
the
said
Monks
restored
it
to
them
again
,
Pope
Leo
the
tenth
agreeing
thereto
;
at
which
time
the
Cavaioli
desired
of
the
said
Pope
a
Bishops
Sea
,
which
they
obtained
,
and
moreover
was
ordained
that
for
maintenance
of
that
Pastoral
Charge
,
the
Monastery
aforesaid
should
give
yearly
to
the
Bishop
a
thousand
and
eight
hundred
Duckets
of
Revenue
;
and
so
it
appeareth
that
the
Cavaioli
had
made
a
great
beginning
to
their
Cathedral
Church
.
Thus
much
concerning
the
original
of
this
City
,
where
are
these
Noble
Families
,
Anna
de
Curtis
,
Gagliardo
,
Longo
,
Ponza
,
Rocca
,
and
Tosone
.
The
Cavaioli
are
ingenious
men
,
and
of
great
Traffick
;
but
above
all
,
full
of
spirit
and
courage
,
wherein
generally
appeareth
in
them
a
ready
inclination
to
fight
,
and
are
very
obstinate
in
their
opinions
,
and
therefore
very
litigious
,
and
full
of
contention
with
every
one
.
Returning
to
the
shore
of
the
Sea
,
from
Nuceria
eight
miles
,
leaving
the
Castle
Amare
,
and
on
the
left
hand
also
passing
by
a
great
and
mighty
high
Hill
,
where
from
the
side
that
lieth
towards
the
North
is
Gragnano
and
Littere
,
small
Countries
,
Gargano
.
Lettere
.
in
the
Plain
going
by
the
side
of
high
and
spacious
Mountains
,
which
pass
along
to
the
Terrene
Sea
,
makes
the
Cape
of
Minerva
or
Ateneo
,
called
also
Pren●sso
,
Sirreo
,
The
Cape
of
Minerv●
.
and
the
Hill
Equano
,
which
is
now
so
called
by
the
Amalfi
,
in
which
arm
of
Land
are
these
Cities
,
Vico
,
Sorrento
,
and
Massa
,
which
we
have
described
in
the
Province
of
the
Land
of
Lavoro
,
being
so
divided
by
the
Kings
Court.
In
the
aforesaid
arm
of
Land
endeth
the
Haven
of
Crattera
,
or
rather
the
Gulf
of
Surrento
,
made
of
two
Promontories
,
that
is
by
Miseno
and
Ateneo
,
which
lieth
towards
the
South
.
Now
all
the
circuit
which
is
in
that
bending
,
which
is
of
this
Promontory
towards
the
East
even
to
the
nearest
places
of
the
Territory
of
Salerno
,
now
belonging
to
old
Campania
(
as
Strabo
affirmeth
)
is
called
(
as
●ath
been
said
)
the
Coast
of
Amalfi
,
from
the
City
of
Amalfi
,
The
Caost
of
Amalfi
.
where
lieth
a
pleas●nt
and
an
excellent
Country
to
the
South
,
which
is
in
length
little
less
then
twenty
miles
▪
Here
between
the
stony
and
craggie
Rocks
and
steep
Hils
,
lieth
Pasetano
,
Praiano
,
Trani
,
Pasetano
.
Praiano
.
Trani
.
Amalfi
.
The
body
of
St.
Andrew
the
Apostle
:
Pietro
Capoan
▪
Cardinal
,
in
the
year
1208.
The
Church
of
the
Capucines
.
and
the
noble
and
pleasant
City
Amalfi
,
in
the
which
in
a
most
sumptuous
and
stately
Church
,
is
preserved
with
great
reverence
the
body
of
St.
Andrew
the
Apostle
,
where
continually
attendeth
a
Priest
which
hath
charge
thereof
,
which
(
they
say
)
accustometh
to
bestow
on
every
one
that
comes
thither
,
certain
Viols
full
of
clear
and
sacred
liquor
,
by
the
Citizens
called
Manna
which
(
as
they
say
)
continually
issueth
from
that
holy
body
,
the
which
was
brought
thither
by
Pietro
Capoano
of
Amalfi
,
and
Cardinal
of
St.
Marcel
,
which
was
in
the
year
1208.
The
head
of
the
said
glorious
Saint
in
the
time
of
Pope
Pius
the
second
,
was
transported
to
the
worthy
City
of
Rome
in
the
year
14●4
.
where
now
it
is
most
religiously
kept
.
There
is
also
the
Church
of
the
Capuocini
,
called
the
Canonica
,
the
way
whereof
is
very
rough
and
difficult
,
where
is
a
Reliquary
made
by
the
said
Cardinal
,
wherein
is
preserved
a
great
number
of
the
Reliques
of
Saints
.
When
I
was
there
,
I
repuested
the
Keeper
of
the
place
to
give
me
a
Note
of
them
,
the
which
because
he
could
not
instantly
do
it
,
he
sent
it
me
afterwards
to
Naples
,
written
by
that
good
religious
man
in
Verse
,
which
followeth
;
the
which
pleased
me
so
well
,
as
to
impart
unto
posterity
those
reverend
and
holy
Reliques
,
Religio
,
vel
casus
si
huc
te
duxerit
hospes
,
Condita
Sanctorum
cernere
corde
kara
Clauditur
,
ô
,
tectis
,
A
Note
of
the
holy
reliques
which
are
in
Canonica
.
quantus
thesaurus
inistis
Accedens
sacris
,
collige
,
sisquo
memor
Lumine
nam
tremulo
spectabis
brachia
Cosmae
Carne
,
cruore
,
cute
,
&
cum
unguibus
illa
simul
.
Sanguis
inest
Christi
:
quo
dura
ex
morte
redemptus
Es
mortalis
homo
?
respice
,
plange
,
geme
.
Emicat
hic
ligni
pars
sancta
ex
cruce
recisi
:
Et
tumuli
sacri
,
spinaque
morte
Dei.
Nam
caput
hic
Dioniedis
adest
venerabile
cruce
:
Ictu
,
Iacobe
,
alto
est
saucia
calva
tua
.
Basilii
caput
est
:
Romani
signa
colenda
:
Accedunt
mentes
Eustachii
●ssa
pias
,
Hic
Stephani
,
hic
Zacheriae
fulgentis
,
&
ossa
,
Insontis
turbae
frustula
mult●
jacent
Pangratii
cerebrum
est
:
Catharinae
,
ac
optima
mala
:
Vrsula
jamque
suo
sanguine
corde
movet
.
Ossa
hic
Marci
adsunt
.
Grisostomi
,
&
ossa
Ph●lippi
;
Qui
moveant
nostras
,
excipiani
que
preces
,
Plurima
sanctorum
monumenta
hic
deinque
fragrant
:
Quae
carvere
suo
,
haud
,
nomine
,
nota
mihil
Haec
ut
scuta
potes
miserae
tutamina
vitae
Voce
vocare
diu
,
quaerere
mente
pi●i
Haec
tibi
succurrent
posituro
morte
dolores
Namque
sodalis
eris
,
dum
soci
usque
comes
Namque
dies
aderit
supremi
transitus
orbis
;
Qua
potes
istorum
scandere
laetus
ope
.
Nunc
calamum
sumpsi
,
nunc
haec
tibi
scripta
notavi
Vive
praecor
felix
,
&
memor
ipse
mei
.
Of
what
great
Power
and
Authority
the
said
City
hath
been
,
the
stately
Buildings
that
were
therein
sufficiently
testifie
,
where
at
this
present
a
great
part
of
the
sumptuous
Arsenal
or
Store-House
is
yet
standing
,
By
whom
Amalfe
was
builded
,
and
why
it
was
so
called
.
Amalfo
a
Roman
,
Captain
of
the
Emperor
Constantine
.
Amalfa
the
d●ughter
of
M.
Marcello
Ruffo
,
Roman
.
The
Calife
of
Egipt
,
a
great
friend
to
the
Amalfi
,
anno
1020.
Churches
builded
by
the
Amalfi
in
Ierusalem
.
The
Hospital
of
St.
Iohn
Baptist
in
Ierusalem
.
Pope
Honorius
2
in
the
y●ar
1127.
Ramondo
of
Poggio
,
first
great
Master
of
the
Knights
of
the
Hospital
.
How
Rodes
came
into
the
possession
of
the
Knights
of
St.
●ohn
The
Amalfitani
the
founders
of
the
Religion
of
the
Knights
of
St.
Iohn
See
the
History
of
Henry
Pantaleon
de
rebus
memor●bilibus
ordinis
Johanitarum
,
Rhodiorum
,
ant
Melitentium
equi●um
terra
malique
fortiter
gestis
.
lib.
1.
f.
3
wherein
the
Amalfitani
kept
their
Arms
and
Weapons
.
In
what
time
,
or
by
whom
the
said
City
should
be
builded
,
there
is
no
certainty
;
for
some
believe
that
in
the
year
520.
certain
worthy
Romans
which
departed
from
the
City
of
Melfi
,
and
here
residing
,
should
build
the
said
City
,
calling
it
Amalfe
.
Others
attributing
a
more
ancient
original
,
say
that
it
was
builded
by
Amalfo
a
Roman
,
and
Captain
of
the
Emperor
Constantine
in
the
year
335.
And
finally
others
say
,
that
a
certain
worthy
Roman
Lady
called
Amalfe
,
the
daughter
of
Marco
Marcello
Ruffo
,
builded
it
,
and
that
by
her
name
it
was
named
Amalfe
.
It
increased
in
process
of
time
with
much
people
,
and
was
govern'd
many
years
as
a
Commonwealth
under
Dukes
,
and
oftentimes
made
War
with
the
Salernitani
,
and
others
which
sought
to
trouble
them
,
and
often
had
the
better
,
and
especially
of
strangers
,
it
became
very
famous
for
the
Traffick
of
the
Citizens
thereof
,
the
which
for
the
great
number
of
ships
which
they
had
sailing
every
where
,
had
great
Merchandize
,
whereupon
through
the
Traffick
which
they
made
in
the
year
1020.
obtained
the
favour
of
Calife
King
of
Egipt
,
whereby
they
got
safe
conduct
freely
to
Traffick
into
all
his
Territories
,
through
the
which
favour
,
with
large
and
bountifull
gifts
which
the
Merchants
of
Amalfi
bestowed
upon
him
,
bound
him
in
such
manner
,
that
they
obtained
what
they
would
,
and
in
particular
had
licence
to
build
in
Ierusalem
a
Church
,
with
a
house
near
to
the
holy
Sepulchre
of
Christ
,
to
receive
the
Latine
Passengers
which
came
to
visit
those
holy
places
,
the
which
Church
was
consecrated
to
St.
Mary
,
commonly
called
the
Latine
,
for
a
difference
of
the
other
places
which
they
had
near
about
the
Greeks
and
Sorians
;
whereupon
in
a
while
after
they
built
another
house
under
the
title
of
St.
Mary
Magdalene
,
where
they
received
with
all
true
charity
and
courtesie
,
all
women
that
came
to
visit
that
Sepulchre
.
But
so
great
a
number
of
people
repairing
thither
,
and
the
place
being
little
and
narrow
,
they
made
an
Hospital
under
the
name
of
St.
Iohn
Baptist
,
and
with
the
alms
which
was
gathered
of
other
devout
people
,
maintained
the
Hospital
,
in
which
place
they
constituted
a
Head
,
which
they
called
a
Governor
or
Rector
,
whereupon
after
a
certain
time
,
a
Governor
of
the
said
place
named
Gera●do
in
the
year
1099.
having
a
long
time
govern'd
the
aforesaid
Hospital
,
began
to
bear
together
with
his
associates
,
a
white
Cross
in
the
midst
of
the
brest
,
on
a
black
garment
,
and
instituted
and
established
a
rule
of
life
after
the
Order
of
St.
Augustine
.
The
same
did
Agnesa
,
which
was
Prioress
of
the
Monastery
of
women
.
The
said
Religion
was
afterward
approved
by
Pope
Honorius
the
second
,
in
the
year
1127.
The
rule
which
was
confirmed
,
went
so
well
forward
,
that
through
the
liberality
of
Princes
they
got
great
riches
,
and
Ramondo
of
Poggio
was
created
great
Master
thereof
.
Ierusalem
being
afterward
taken
in
the
year
1187.
by
Salandine
Emperor
of
the
Turks
,
the
said
Knights
in
the
year
1189.
had
for
their
habitation
the
Isle
of
Rodes
of
Isancio
Angelo
the
second
,
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
whereupon
by
means
of
their
habitation
they
were
called
Knights
of
the
Rodes
.
All
this
we
thought
good
to
say
,
for
to
declare
that
this
Noble
and
Sacred
Religion
of
the
Knights
,
sometime
of
St.
Iohn
of
Ierusalem
,
afterward
of
the
Rodes
,
and
now
of
Malta
,
have
had
their
beginning
from
the
said
Amalfitani
.
Arrigo
Pantaleon
speaking
hereof
,
in
his
History
thus
writeth
,
Anno
1020.
Interea
Amalfitani
celebris
,
ac
pia
gens
Italiae
varias
merces
,
easque
in
solitas
,
&
turcis
gratissimas
in
Orientem
navibus
devexerunt
,
est
autem
Amalphia
civitas
exterioris
Italiae
,
inter
mare
&
montes
eminentissimos
sita
,
ab
Oriente
habet
Salernum
,
ab
occidente
Surrentum
,
&
Neapolim
,
ab
Austro
Siciliam
Tyrrheno
mari
sejunctam
.
Ob
has
ergo
novas
merces
Caliphae
Aegiptio
,
caeterisque
praefectis
ac
incolis
Syriae
erant
acceptissimi
,
ita
ut
magistratuum
licentia
omnes
regiones
,
&
urbes
circumire
,
atque
merces
distrahere
omni
metu
se
posito
libere
poterant
.
Illi
autem
Christianae
religionis
,
&
paternarum
traditionum
memores
quoties
occasio
dabatur
loca
sancta
visitabant
.
Quia
verò
Hierosolymis
nullum
haberent
domicilium
,
ut
in
aliis
maritimis
civitatibus
,
amicis
collectis
,
Calipham
Aegiptium
adeunt
,
ac
per
ejus
proceres
oblato
scripto
impetrant
ut
praesidi
Hierosolymorum
nunciaretur
;
quo
Turcarum
amicis
in
ea
parte
qua
Christiani
habitant
locus
amplissimus
ad
aedes
oportunas
construendas
designetur
.
Hac
occasione
oblata
,
pecuniam
passim
à
mercatoribus
colligunt
,
&
ad
lapidis
jactum
ante
januam
Ecclesiae
Dominicae
resurrectionis
,
in
honorem
Dei
,
&
Virginis
Mariae
monasterium
erigunt
;
quinetiam
alias
aedes
adjungunt
,
quae
ad
usus
monachorum
,
atquae
suae
gentis
hospitium
satisfacerent
.
Hoc
fundamento
jacto
,
ex
Amalphia
monachos
,
&
Abbatem
●o
transferunt
,
&
locum
ritu
Romanae
Ecclesiae
Deo
,
&
matri
virgini
consecrant
:
unde
locus
ille
monasterium
de
Latina
semper
dictus
fuit
.
Cum
autem
eodem
tempore
etiam
sanctae
viduae
omnibus
laboribus
&
periculis
contemptis
ea
loca
invisirent
,
nec
inter
se
,
mulieribus
oratorium
,
&
propriam
domum
extruxerunt
,
ubi
postea
monasterium
Mariae
Magdalenae
peccatricis
fuit
constitutumut
certus
monialium
numerus
ibidem
peregrenantibus
foeminis
inservirent
.
Paulò
post
etiam
debet
Caliphae
filius
cum
Romano
Argiropilo
●mperatore
Constantinopolitano
foedus
iniit
,
atque
Christianis
facultatem
concessit
templi
Dominicae
resurrectionis
recuperandi
,
itaque
Ecclesia
illa
circa
annum
salutis
millesimum
quadragesimum
octavum
restaurata
fuit
,
Constantino
Monaco
sumptus
suggerente
,
&c.
In
Amalfi
the
year
1300.
was
found
to
the
glory
of
the
Amalfitani
by
Flavio
di
Gioia
the
Mariners
Compass
by
the
vertue
of
the
Adamant
stone
,
Flavio
di
Gioia
,
the
inventer
of
the
Sea-card
in
the
year
1300.
with
the
Sea-card
so
necessary
for
Pilots
,
and
Sea-men
,
the
which
invention
was
wholly
unknown
in
former
time
,
having
no
other
help
then
the
shadow
of
the
Sun
,
and
the
North
Star
,
as
it
appeared
in
that
Voyage
of
Lucano
,
when
Pompey
after
his
discomfiture
in
Thessalia
,
going
to
Lisbone
to
fetch
his
wife
Cornelia
,
making
a
journey
afterward
by
Sea
towards
Egipt
,
demanded
of
the
Master
of
the
Ship
,
How
they
sailed
in
old
time
.
and
the
Mariners
,
in
what
manner
they
guided
their
Bark
in
a
direct
course
to
perform
their
Voyages
,
where
they
knew
no
other
way
then
what
we
have
said
.
In
old
time
Pilots
and
Sailers
were
accustomed
every
year
to
offer
in
the
chiefest
Church
thereof
,
bountifull
and
rich
gifts
,
Pilots
and
Sailers
came
every
year
to
Amalfi
.
in
a
gratefull
remembrance
of
so
great
a
benefit
;
since
the
beginning
of
this
excellent
invention
,
they
found
out
not
only
the
longitude
of
the
distance
of
every
place
,
and
the
direct
way
from
one
place
to
another
,
but
also
to
avoid
contrary
winds
,
the
traversing
of
the
waters
,
the
fear
of
shipwrack
,
the
danger
of
Rocks
,
and
the
incounter
of
Rovers
and
Pirats
,
whereupon
Iohn
Pontano
calleth
the
said
City
Magnetida
,
and
Antonio
Panormitano
in
praise
thereof
made
this
Verse
following
,
Prima
dedit
nantis
usum
magnetis
Amalphis
.
The
said
City
is
very
pleasant
for
the
beautifull
Gardens
that
are
there
,
and
for
the
great
plenty
of
water
,
which
yieldeth
great
commodity
in
the
making
of
wollen
Cloath
,
and
Iron
,
and
Paper
,
which
are
there
wrought
.
There
are
in
this
City
these
Noble
Families
,
Alamagni
,
Amallano
,
Afflitto
Austericcio
,
Bembo
,
Brancia
,
Bonito
,
Capoano
,
Cometurso
,
Comite
Castello
,
Corsari
,
alias
Don
Musco
,
Cappa
Santa
,
D'
Arco
Dentice
,
del
Iodice
,
de
Domio
Marino
,
De
Fusolis
,
De
Platamono
,
Favaro
,
Molignana
,
Marramaldo
,
Petrarca
,
Pisanello
del
Barone
Guglielmo
.
The
Arms
of
this
City
have
been
a
field
per
fesse
gu
.
and
Ar.
plain
crosses
counter-changed
,
the
which
signifie
no
other
then
a
unity
and
consort
of
things
,
which
we
have
declared
of
the
said
City
.
Not
far
from
Amalfi
is
the
beautifull
and
rich
Country
of
Mairue
,
Mairue
.
full
of
honourable
people
,
called
by
the
Letterati
,
Maiorium
,
which
was
builded
by
Sichinolfo
Longobard
,
Prince
of
Salerno
in
the
year
842.
although
some
affirm
that
it
had
its
beginning
of
Sicardo
Duke
of
Benevento
,
brother
of
the
said
Prince
.
The
Citizens
thereof
were
almost
all
Merchants
,
and
very
ingenious
;
it
hath
had
at
sundry
times
men
of
great
worth
,
as
Vinciguerra
Lanario
,
which
was
Lieutenant
of
the
Kings
Chamber
,
Iohn
Antonio
Lanario
,
Councellor
,
and
afterward
Regent
of
the
Councel
of
Italy
in
Spain
with
King
Philip
,
by
whom
through
his
worthy
merits
he
was
created
Count
of
Sacco
.
And
moreover
in
those
daies
,
that
worthy
and
learned
man
Farrante
imperato
hath
much
honoured
that
Country
,
an
excellent
and
most
diligent
searcher
,
and
conserver
of
all
the
riches
of
Nature
,
and
is
very
learned
in
the
experience
of
simples
,
whereupon
to
his
great
charge
hath
collected
so
many
divers
things
,
and
procured
them
from
sundry
parts
of
the
world
,
which
yield
no
small
wonder
to
every
one
that
sees
them
,
for
the
which
cause
many
learned
men
come
from
far
Countries
,
allured
through
the
same
of
this
man
,
to
see
in
Naples
his
admirable
and
rare
studie
.
He
hath
composed
two
learned
Works
,
the
one
a
History
of
natural
things
,
and
the
other
of
Treacle
,
the
which
Works
are
sufficiently
known
to
the
world
.
He
maintains
how
in
Naples
his
most
honourable
house
,
with
great
courtesie
and
kind
entertainment
,
of
the
which
the
City
of
Scala
may
well
boak
,
that
the
said
Family
descended
from
it
,
which
florished
with
Military
men
.
Going
a
little
higher
,
appeareth
Minori
,
a
little
City
which
is
very
delightfull
for
the
pleasant
Gardens
thereof
full
of
Oringes
,
Citrons
and
Limons
,
and
other
Fruits
.
The
City
Ravello
.
Afterward
in
the
top
of
a
Hill
is
the
City
Ravello
,
full
of
goodly
buildings
,
and
the
seat
of
Nobility
,
where
in
the
principal
Church
thereof
is
preserved
within
a
grate
,
The
miracle
of
the
bloud
of
St.
Pant●●eon
.
the
miraculous
bloud
of
St.
Pantaleone
,
which
being
black
,
and
hard
as
a
stone
,
the
day
before
and
after
its
Feast
(
as
they
say
)
is
liquid
and
moist
,
as
it
was
at
the
time
when
it
was
first
spilt
.
The
Noble
Families
of
the
said
City
are
these
following
,
Acconciaioco
,
Alfano
,
Bove
,
Campanile
,
Confalone
,
Citarella
,
The
noble
Families
of
Ravello
.
Castaldo
,
Curtis
,
de
Vito
,
de
Insola
,
Fenice
,
de
Foggia
,
Frezza
,
Fusco
,
Grifone
,
Iusti
,
Longo
,
Muscetola
,
Marra
,
Peroto
,
Rogadei
,
Rufula
,
Rustico
,
Sasso
,
Sconciaioco
,
and
others
.
In
these
daies
Paolo
Fosco
Bishop
of
Sarno
,
hath
much
honoured
this
City
,
Paolo
Fosco
.
who
writ
two
learned
Books
,
one
of
Visitation
and
Church-Regiment
,
the
other
de
Singularibus
in
jure
Pontificio
.
Going
a
little
farther
is
Scala
,
re-edified
by
the
Longobards
,
The
City
Scala
.
in
which
City
were
these
Noble
Families
,
Afflitti
,
Alfani
,
Marini
,
Atrara
,
Bondello
,
Bonito
,
Cavaliero
,
Frisaro
,
Grisone
,
Mansella
,
Pando
,
The
noble
Families
of
Scala
.
Rufola
,
Samnella
,
Sasso
del
Cardinale
,
Staivano
,
Sebastiani
,
and
others
.
The
said
City
was
burnt
at
the
same
time
with
Amalfi
,
by
the
Emperor
Lotharius
the
third
,
because
they
had
been
very
favourable
to
Ruggiero
the
Norman
,
King
of
Naples
,
which
was
in
the
year
1125.
but
was
afterward
by
the
same
Citizens
newly
repaired
.
Descending
after
towards
the
shore
of
the
Sea
,
going
from
Amalfi
,
and
sailing
towards
the
East
,
The
cape
of
Orso
.
is
a
little
Promontory
called
the
Cape
of
Orso
,
very
memorable
for
the
Victory
Count
Philip
,
Lieutenant
to
Andrea
Doria
had
there
,
then
Admiral
of
the
King
of
France
,
against
the
Empereal
Army
,
where
were
taken
prisoners
,
the
Marquiss
of
Vasto
,
and
Ascanio
Colonna
,
with
the
death
of
Don
Vgo
de
Moncada
Viceroy
of
Naples
,
and
of
Don
Pietro
di
Cardona
,
and
others
;
which
thing
was
the
cause
that
Andrea
Doria
left
the
service
of
the
French
King
,
and
joyned
with
the
Emperor
Charls
the
fifth
.
The
occasions
that
moved
Doria
to
leave
the
French
party
,
we
have
discoursed
at
full
in
the
lives
of
the
Kings
of
Naples
,
and
besides
in
the
Annals
of
the
said
Kingdom
.
Going
along
by
the
Continent
of
the
Land
,
you
come
to
Vieteri
,
called
of
the
Latines
,
Vicus
Veterum
,
and
Vetus
Vrbs
,
where
are
many
delightfull
and
pleasant
Villages
,
and
going
a
little
farther
a
mile
distant
from
the
Sea
,
appeareth
the
most
ancient
and
famous
City
of
Salerno
,
the
Head
both
of
this
Region
,
and
also
of
Basilicata
,
builded
near
the
River
of
Silare
,
The
River
Silare
,
and
Drumento
.
which
riseth
from
the
Apennine
,
where
also
springeth
Drumento
,
which
runneth
down
into
the
Adriatick
Sea
,
the
said
City
is
situated
at
the
foot
of
an
arm
of
the
Apennine
,
it
hath
in
the
front
or
fore-part
,
fertile
and
spacious
fields
,
behind
and
on
the
left
side
high
Mountains
,
on
the
right
side
the
T●rrene
Sea
,
The
Gulf
of
Salerno
,
by
Strabo
called
Sinus
Pestanus
.
which
is
so
near
,
that
the
wals
are
watred
therewith
;
and
from
which
a
Gulf
very
perilous
is
so
named
,
which
Mariners
now
call
the
Gulf
of
Salerno
:
which
by
the
Latines
is
named
Sinus
Pestanus
,
from
the
ancient
City
of
Peste
,
which
is
now
wholly
ruinated
,
as
is
to
be
seen
in
the
midst
of
the
shore
.
Through
all
the
Territory
of
Salerno
,
are
seen
pleasant
Garden●
ful
of
Oringes
,
Limons
and
Citrons
,
and
other
excellent
Fruits
,
and
al
the
year
there
are
Flowers
,
which
seem
as
a
perpetual
Spring
,
through
the
happy
influence
of
the
heavens
,
wherefore
Horace
saith
,
Quod
sit
hiems
veliae
,
quod
coelum
valla
Salerni
.
and
therefore
all
the
fruits
that
grow
there
are
of
singular
perfection
,
Horace
in
his
Epistles
.
and
especially
Pomgranates
,
and
the
Appian
Apple
,
whereof
is
written
,
Omnia
mala
,
mala
,
preter
Appia
Salernitana
.
The
Grain
Rice
,
which
is
there
in
great
abundance
,
is
very
excellent
and
worthy
praise
;
there
are
also
precious
Wines
,
and
most
pleasant
in
taste
.
Salerno
was
so
named
by
the
River
Silare
,
whereof
Lucan
speaketh
in
his
second
Book
,
Radensque
Salerne
tecta
Siler
.
But
who
should
be
the
Founder
thereof
,
no
Writer
hath
made
any
mention
.
Yet
the
Citizens
say
,
that
Sem
,
the
son
of
Noe
built
it
,
and
for
authority
thereof
,
Salerno
,
why
it
was
so
called
,
and
by
whom
it
was
built
.
alleadg
an
ancient
Hymn
which
their
Clergy
were
wont
to
sing
the
15
of
May
,
in
celebrating
the
Feast
of
the
Translation
of
St
Fortunato
,
Caio
,
and
Anthe
,
the
which
Hymn
thus
beginneth
,
O
Salernum
civitas
nobilis
Quam
edificavit
Sem
Noe
filius
Non
tuis
sed
sanctorum
meritis
collaudaris
.
It
is
true
that
it
was
an
ancient
Colony
of
the
Romans
,
who
fortified
it
,
and
put
therein
a
strong
Garison
of
Souldiers
,
for
the
doubt
and
distrust
they
had
of
the
Picentini
,
Lucani
,
and
Brutii
,
which
were
assembled
together
with
Hannibal
,
Salerno
,
a
Colony
of
the
Romans
.
whereof
Strabo
in
the
end
of
his
fifth
Book
thus
writeth
.
Picentum
vero
Metropolis
erat
quòndam
Picentia
,
nunc
verò
per
vicos
vitam
agunt
,
ab
Romanis
expulsi
propter
initam
cum
Annibale
societatem
.
Quo
quidem
in
tempore
,
pro
militari
officio
,
Strabo
,
lib.
5.
&
viatoris
publici
aut
tabellaris
operam
explerent
assignati
sunt
,
quem
adm●dum
,
Lucani
,
&
Brutii
easdem
ob
causas
.
Paulum
autem
supra
mare
Romani
Salernum
custodiae
gratia
in
eos
munierunt
,
&c.
Afterward
under
the
Triumvirat
of
Ti.
Sempronio
Longo
Consul
,
and
of
M.
Servilio
,
and
of
C.
Minucio
,
Thermo
;
Salerno
a
Colony
of
the
Romans
.
was
made
a
Colony
at
the
same
time
with
Pozzuolo
,
Vulturno
,
Linturno
,
and
Buxento
,
and
from
that
time
following
was
that
City
confederate
with
the
Romans
,
and
govern'd
as
their
Commonwealth
,
nor
ever
was
it
unfaithfull
unto
the
reverend
Majesty
of
the
Roman
Empire
,
by
which
means
it
increased
in
honour
,
and
grew
very
populous
;
but
alwaies
defended
it
against
the
fury
of
Barbarians
.
But
Italy
being
afterward
overrun
by
the
Longobards
,
Salerno
under
the
dominion
of
the
Longobards
.
Sicardo
,
Duke
of
Benevento
slain
.
Salerno
came
also
under
their
Dominion
,
and
so
in
the
year
of
Christ
839.
Sicardo
the
18.
Duke
of
Benevento
,
and
fifth
Prince
,
being
slain
by
Naningone
Radelchi
the
Treasurer
took
the
Principality
of
Benevento
,
all
things
being
then
in
hurly-burly
:
The
Salernitans
grudging
at
that
Election
,
and
to
be
alwaies
subject
to
the
Beneventani
,
with
secret
practises
attempted
to
wring
the
Seigniory
from
the
hand
of
Radelchi
,
and
to
give
the
same
to
Sichinolfo
,
the
brother
of
the
late
slain
Sicardo
,
who
was
then
in
prison
at
Taranto
;
but
they
perceiving
so
great
an
enterprise
could
not
be
well
undertak●n
without
the
help
of
the
Amalfitani
,
made
league
with
them
,
and
so
by
common
advice
sent
a
Bark
well
armed
,
under
shew
to
buy
certain
earthen
Vessels
,
which
with
great
secricy
they
sent
to
Taranto
,
where
the
Bark
arived
,
and
they
landed
those
to
whom
the
charge
of
so
great
affairs
were
committed
,
so
ordered
the
matter
that
they
came
thither
by
night
,
and
not
knowing
where
to
remain
,
were
received
by
the
Gaoler
,
under
whose
custody
that
miserable
Sichinolfo
continued
,
whom
they
corrupted
with
money
,
and
made
so
drunk
with
wine
,
became
therewith
so
drowsie
,
that
easily
they
brake
up
the
prison
,
and
released
Sichinolfo
,
wherewith
they
merrily
entred
their
Bark
and
came
to
Salerno
,
where
the
name
of
Sichinolfo
being
advanced
by
his
partakers
and
favorites
,
they
drove
away
and
killed
the
Officers
and
adherents
of
Radelchi
,
Sichinolfo
,
Prince
of
Salerno
,
An.
〈◊〉
.
and
proclaimed
him
Prince
and
Lord
in
the
year
840.
there
joyned
with
Sichinolfo
,
Landolfo
,
Count
of
Capoa
,
and
likewise
in
favour
of
him
came
Orso
,
and
Radolmondo
,
the
one
Lord
of
Cou●a
;
and
the
other
of
Agerenza
.
Radelchi
seeing
so
dangerous
a
conspiracy
at
hand
,
and
fearing
though
he
delayed
no
time
,
they
would
notwithstanding
gather
greater
force
,
with
an
incredible
courage
caused
his
people
to
be
assembled
,
and
got
together
a
goodly
Army
,
wherewith
he
came
against
Salerno
,
whom
Sichinolfo
deferred
no
time
to
incounter
;
having
all
these
people
united
together
,
Salernitani
,
Capoani
,
Argentini
,
and
Conzani
,
and
coming
with
him
to
hard
strokes
,
remained
conqueror
,
having
put
the
Beneventani
to
slight
,
and
many
of
them
cut
in
pieces
,
won
their
Quarters
,
and
took
from
them
many
Ensignes
.
Whereupon
with
plenty
of
spoil
and
glory
,
entred
Salerno
with
great
triumph
;
and
having
got
so
great
strength
,
which
was
not
only
sufficient
to
defend
,
but
also
to
assail
the
enemy
in
his
own
quarter
,
with
a
mighty
Army
came
against
Benevento
.
But
the
Beneventani
being
not
able
to
indure
,
that
to
the
ill-fortune
of
the
first
overthrow
should
be
annexed
new
ignominy
,
became
so
desperate
to
be
thus
disparaged
,
charged
the
back
of
Sichinolfo
with
the
uttermost
of
their
fury
,
forcing
them
to
retire
,
and
turn
their
back
,
having
put
to
the
edg
of
the
sword
not
a
few
of
those
which
were
not
speedy
for
their
own
safety
.
The
Saracins
of
Sicilia
understanding
these
stirs
,
The
Saracins
of
Sicilia
enter
Calauria
.
unwilling
to
omit
so
good
an
occasion
,
incontinently
entred
Calauria
,
and
overcame
Taranto
,
going
against
Puglia
,
a
City
of
the
same
Province
,
put
it
to
sword
and
fire
.
In
the
mean
time
Lodovico
King
of
Italy
being
invited
by
Londone
,
Count
of
of
Capoa
,
son
of
Landolfo
,
to
yield
some
redress
to
the
afflicted
state
of
the
Longobards
,
Lodovico
King
of
Italy
maketh
a
division
of
the
State
.
having
cut
the
Saracins
in
pieces
,
made
division
of
the
Principality
between
Sichinolfo
and
Radelchi
,
who
remaining
Prince
of
Benevento
,
with
the
bounds
of
that
State
,
and
Sichinolfo
possessing
the
rest
,
with
title
of
Prince
of
Salerno
,
which
was
in
the
year
847.
and
so
was
made
the
division
of
the
Principality
of
Benevento
between
these
Lords
;
and
now
began
the
title
of
the
Principality
of
Salerno
.
Anno
847.
The
Arms
of
these
Princes
now
laid
aside
▪
Sichinolfo
no
long
time
after
enjoyed
the
fruits
of
his
great
labours
,
being
assailed
with
a
grievous
sickness
,
departed
this
life
,
The
death
of
Sichinolfo
.
Sicone
.
having
by
Itta
his
wife
left
one
only
son
,
by
the
name
of
his
grandsire
called
Sicone
;
who
being
also
a
child
,
left
him
to
the
tuition
of
Pietro
his
Gossip
.
Sichinolfo
reigned
little
more
then
ten
years
with
fame
and
the
reputation
of
a
liberal
and
a
valiant
man
,
to
whom
Radelchi
was
not
much
inferior
,
who
having
reigned
twelve
years
lacking
one
month
,
died
the
year
8●0
.
leaving
heir
of
his
estate
his
son
Radelgario
.
Lodovico
King
of
Italy
being
gone
,
the
Saracens
that
held
the
City
of
Bari
,
began
by
little
and
little
to
spread
over
Puglia
,
and
to
prey
and
spoil
the
Country
,
Lodovico
,
King
of
Italy
recalled
by
the
Longobards
.
Adamario
2
Prince
.
Danserio
3
Prince
.
Guaiferio
4
Prince
.
Guaimaro
5
Prince
.
Gisulfo
6
Prince
.
The
body
of
St.
Matthew
the
Apostle
brought
to
Salerno
.
Landolf
7
Prince
.
Guaimaro
the
8
Prince
.
The
Emperor
Currado
entreth
Italy
.
the
which
thing
proceeding
happily
,
partly
encouraged
them
to
spread
even
to
the
Tirrene
Sea
,
forraging
and
miserably
spoiling
Calauria
,
and
partly
to
run
thorow
all
the
Principality
of
Benevento
,
whereupon
the
Longobards
being
unable
to
resist
so
many
evils
,
recalled
Lodovico
again
into
Italy
,
who
delayed
no
time
to
come
,
and
having
with
many
battels
brought
the
Saracins
to
extream
misery
,
conceiving
indignation
against
Sicone
,
banished
him
from
Salerno
,
and
constituted
Prince
thereof
Ademario
son
of
Pietro
.
To
Ademario
succeeded
Danferio
,
and
to
him
Guaiferio
,
and
next
after
Guaimaro
,
who
died
the
year
950.
by
whose
death
his
son
Gisulfo
succeeded
in
the
Principality
,
in
whose
time
things
were
in
some
quiet
.
In
the
year
954
the
body
of
St.
Matthew
the
Evangelist
was
brought
to
Salerno
,
which
had
been
first
in
Ethiopia
,
where
he
suffered
martyrdom
;
and
after
in
Brittain
,
was
found
by
revelation
of
the
same
Saint
,
the
Authors
of
that
age
write
,
that
three
years
after
were
seen
two
Suns
,
and
that
in
the
Month
of
Iuly
,
two
daies
together
,
all
the
Sea
which
is
between
Naples
and
Cuma
,
became
sweet
.
Gisulfo
was
a
mercifull
and
valorous
Prince
,
and
began
in
the
honour
of
the
said
Saint
,
a
magnificent
and
stately
Church
,
beautified
with
high
and
mighty
Pillars
of
Marble
,
and
under
the
Alter
bestowed
the
sacred
body
of
the
said
Saint
,
(
where
they
say
)
is
seen
much
Manna
,
which
alwaies
issuing
from
his
reverend
bones
,
are
often
the
occasion
of
admirable
effects
.
Gisulfo
dead
,
the
Principality
fell
to
Landolfo
,
who
being
possest
with
zealous
and
holy
devotion
,
continued
Monk
,
and
in
the
year
998
resigned
his
State
to
Guaimaro
,
the
son
of
the
other
Guaimaro
.
In
the
year
after
1038.
the
Emperor
Corrado
entring
Italy
for
the
displeasure
he
conceived
against
the
Archbishop
of
Millan
,
and
understanding
the
injuries
and
tortures
which
the
Prince
of
Capoa
had
do●e
to
the
Monks
of
Casino
,
being
very
dishonest
and
wicked
,
the
Emperor
came
with
his
Army
to
the
Mount
Casino
,
and
again
understanding
the
lamentations
and
complaints
of
the
Fathers
,
incontinently
went
to
Capoa
.
The
Prince
fearing
him
,
retired
into
the
Fort
of
St.
Agata
▪
the
which
he
one
day
doubting
his
ill
dealings
,
had
caused
to
be
very
strongly
fortified
;
whereupon
the
Emperor
being
not
able
to
lay
hold
of
him
▪
deprived
him
of
the
Principality
,
and
gave
the
same
to
Guaimaro
,
Prince
of
Salerno
.
Guaimaro
being
now
become
a
mighty
Prince
,
through
the
uniting
together
of
so
many
great
possessions
,
received
Ambassadors
from
Mainace
,
Lieutenant
of
the
Emperor
of
Greece
,
desiring
him
to
give
him
aid
of
his
Normans
,
he
being
with
a
mighty
Army
of
Grecians
,
and
many
Calaurians
,
and
Puglians
,
in
expedition
to
expell
the
Saracins
out
of
Sicilia
.
To
whom
the
Prince
sent
Guglielmo
,
Dragone
,
and
Vnfrido
,
the
sons
of
Tancred
with
300
other
Normans
,
a
small
number
,
but
valiant
people
,
with
the
which
they
recovered
a
great
part
of
Sicilia
.
Now
the
Prince
Guaimaro
growing
proud
with
so
great
felicity
ill
intreated
the
Salernitani
,
whereby
becoming
odious
to
all
,
they
took
one
day
occasion
,
that
as
he
went
to
recreate
himself
upon
the
shore
of
Salerno
,
to
assault
him
,
and
gave
him
36
deadly
wounds
;
and
afterward
in
contempt
of
him
,
Guaimaro
slain
by
the
Salernitans
.
they
drag'd
him
a
long
time
about
the
Walls
of
the
Fortress
and
the
City
.
But
Guido
Lord
of
Surrento
inviting
the
Normans
to
aid
him
,
neglected
not
the
revenge
of
his
brothers
death
,
having
recovered
the
City
,
and
put
Gisulfo
his
son
into
his
Fathers
Seigniory
,
executed
40.
for
the
death
of
the
Prince
.
But
within
a
few
years
following
,
Gisulfo
grew
into
controversie
with
Ruberto
Normando
,
Duke
of
Puglia
his
Cousin
,
Ruberto
Normando
Count
▪
of
Puglia
,
and
Prince
of
Salerne
.
King
Charls
1
made
Prince
of
Salerne
.
the
Duke
with
a
strong
siege
begirt
Salerno
,
where
finding
the
Prince
grievously
sick
,
died
not
long
after
,
and
so
came
the
Principality
of
Salerno
under
the
Normans
,
who
after
with
the
title
of
King
,
governed
the
whole
Kingdom
,
from
whose
dominion
in
the
year
1195.
it
fell
into
the
House
of
Suevia
,
by
the
right
of
Queen
Constance
,
the
only
heir
thereof
,
from
whence
it
came
to
pass
in
the
year
1265.
that
Charls
of
Angio
having
slain
Manfred
,
and
overcome
Currandine
under
the
French
,
created
his
first
begotten
son
,
cal'd
Charls
the
lame
,
Prince
of
Salerno
,
who
succeeding
in
the
Kingdom
,
was
the
second
of
that
name
.
Afterward
the
Kingdom
came
under
the
Durazze
,
which
Queen
Ione
the
second
having
a
desire
to
recompence
in
some
measure
the
services
which
Antonio
Colonna
had
done
for
her
,
created
him
Prince
of
the
said
City
,
which
Seigniory
retained
certain
years
,
untill
Alfonsus
of
Arragon
the
better
to
settle
his
foot
in
the
Kingdom
,
having
with
large
promises
drawn
unto
him
Raimondo
Orsino
,
Count
of
Nola
,
a
puisant
Lord
,
to
bind
him
the
more
unto
him
,
Ramondo
Orsino
Count
of
Nola.
made
him
Prince
thereof
,
which
dignity
remained
no
long
time
in
that
house
,
for
that
it
fell
into
the
Kings
Exchequer
by
rebellion
of
Daniel
Orsino
,
the
which
Principality
King
Farnando
in
the
year
1463.
gave
to
Ruberto
Sanseverino
Count
of
Marsico
,
his
great
Admiral
.
Ruberto
Sanseverino
,
Prince
of
Salerno
,
1463.
Salerno
a
R●gal
City
.
Notwithstanding
that
Seigniory
continued
not
long
with
them
,
for
that
Ferrant
the
third
,
Prince
,
made
rebellion
against
the
Majesty
of
Cesar
,
whereby
all
his
estate
was
confiscate
;
and
so
from
thenceforth
the
said
City
was
made
a
part
of
the
Kings
demesnes
;
now
it
remaineth
peaceable
under
the
protection
of
the
most
potent
Catholick
,
King
Philip.
All
this
I
thought
good
to
declare
,
the
better
to
satisfie
the
Reader
,
how
this
famous
City
came
under
Princes
,
and
last
of
all
their
Kings
.
But
now
returning
to
speak
of
other
things
,
which
give
no
small
ornament
to
this
City
;
one
thing
is
the
publick
and
famous
School
,
which
for
a
long
time
hath
alwaies
florished
in
every
faculty
,
and
especially
in
Philosophy
and
Phisick
,
for
which
it
was
called
the
City
Hippocratica
;
Francisco
Petrarea
speaking
thereof
in
his
Commentary
,
thus
writeth
,
Fuisse
hic
Medicinae
fontem
testator
antiquitas
,
And
although
it
be
a
most
ancient
famous
Uniuersity
;
nevertheless
it
is
said
,
that
in
the
year
of
Christ
802.
Charls
the
great
instituted
it
,
at
which
time
two
others
were
founded
by
him
,
the
one
in
Paris
,
and
the
other
in
Bologna
.
This
City
is
very
plentifull
of
all
necessary
things
for
the
sustenance
of
living
creatures
,
and
in
it
is
the
Kings
Audit
,
and
the
Treasury
of
the
Province
.
The
Citizens
thereof
are
very
ingenious
and
nice
,
The
University
of
Salerno
founded
by
Charls
the
great
,
an
8●2
.
and
very
much
inclined
to
the
exercise
of
weapons
,
and
learning
,
and
to
all
vertuous
indeavours
,
they
are
also
very
courteous
and
modest
,
and
generally
in
all
appeareth
a
certain
natural
civility
:
the
Nobility
is
divided
from
the
people
in
three
Quarters
or
Courts
,
which
they
call
Seggi
,
and
are
these
,
Portanova
,
Portaretese
,
elo
Campo
,
in
the
which
Seggi
are
these
Noble
Families
following
.
The
disposition
of
the
Salernitans
.
In
Portanova
are
Aversani
,
Capograssi
,
Comiti
,
dello
Iodice
,
Grillo
Longo
,
Mazza
,
Morra
,
Pagano
,
Pinto
,
Santo
Mango
,
Salernitano
,
de
Stafano
del
Barone
d'
Accadia
,
Scattaretichi
,
Serluchi
,
&
Vicarii
.
In
Portaretese
are
these
,
Aiello
,
Coppola
,
Capoano
,
Curiale
,
del
Pezzo
,
Guarna
,
Pagliari
,
Pantoliano
,
Prignano
,
Manganaro
,
Porta
,
Rascichi
,
Rugiero
,
and
Vivaldo
.
In
the
Segge
of
Campo
,
Castellomati
,
Cavaselice
,
David
del
Regente
,
del
Pezzo
,
Granito
,
Guardato
,
Grillo
,
Ruggio
,
Sciabichi
,
Solimeni
,
and
Trentacapilli
.
There
are
also
many
other
ancient
and
Noble
Families
,
the
which
for
that
they
are
not
comprehended
in
any
of
the
said
Seggs
,
I
think
it
not
amiss
at
this
time
to
make
no
mention
of
them
.
The
〈…〉
of
Salerno
And
therefore
you
are
to
understand
,
that
although
of
the
Family
of
Pezzo
there
is
mention
made
in
two
of
these
Seggs
,
yet
for
all
that
are
they
not
two
different
Families
,
but
one
and
the
same
,
being
a
thing
very
manifest
,
that
their
original
came
from
Collen
,
a
famous
City
of
Germany
,
where
at
this
present
is
a
branch
of
the
ancient
stock
,
and
descended
from
Iohn
del
Pezzo
,
a
valiant
and
famous
Captain
,
which
wandring
along
time
,
served
in
the
Wars
both
here
and
there
,
whereupon
by
means
of
the
Wars
which
were
in
Italy
,
came
hither
,
following
the
faction
of
the
Arragonese
,
and
as
he
was
very
expert
in
military
discipline
,
shewing
much
maturity
of
wit
,
and
invincible
courage
of
an
excellent
mind
,
and
incomparable
wisdom
to
resolve
the
difficulty
of
the
affairs
of
Warr.
He
was
in
great
estimation
with
Alfonsus
the
first
King
of
Arragon
,
from
whom
he
obtained
many
bountifull
and
rich
gifts
.
Of
the
valour
and
magnanimity
of
the
said
Iohn
,
a
certain
large
priviledg
maketh
sufficient
mention
,
which
I
have
seen
,
made
by
the
same
King
,
under
the
date
of
Castiglione
of
Peschiera
,
in
the
year
1448.
and
23
of
Ianuary
,
in
the
which
priviledg
was
decreed
that
one
Pietro
de
Biscolis
should
not
presume
to
bear
for
his
Arms
,
a
Lion
se●ant
or
.
with
the
tail
through
his
legs
,
and
turning
up
towards
the
head
above
a
fesse
ar
.
in
a
field
gu
.
declaring
that
these
Arms
were
the
ancient
Ensignes
and
Coat
Armor
of
the
said
Family
.
Besides
,
the
said
Family
prospereth
in
many
other
Corporations
,
in
divers
places
,
as
Pietro
de
Pezzo
descending
of
Iohn
,
went
to
Amalfi
to
the
Government
of
that
State
,
was
comprehended
in
the
number
of
the
Nobility
of
that
City
,
and
Luke
his
brother
serving
the
Duke
of
Amalfi
,
Marquiss
of
Guasto
,
in
the
Wars
of
Lombardy
,
being
a
Captain
of
much
renown
,
in
his
return
,
passing
by
Rome
,
was
by
the
Decree
of
the
Senate
made
with
his
successors
of
the
race
and
line
of
the
Roman
Senators
,
the
which
line
is
now
to
be
seen
,
in
the
Segge
of
the
Nobility
of
Campo
,
in
Salerno
.
And
Francesco
del
Pezzo
the
son
of
Pirro
,
being
by
the
favour
of
King
Philip
created
Auditor
of
the
same
Province
,
was
reckoned
among
the
Nobility
of
the
Segge
of
Portaretese
.
This
Family
hath
alwaies
had
excellent
men
,
both
in
Learning
and
Military
affairs
.
And
among
others
,
Don
Ieronimo
del
Pezzo
,
a
noble
man
,
well
qualified
,
which
for
his
excellent
parts
was
by
the
favour
of
King
Philip
,
honoured
with
the
Order
of
the
Knights
of
St.
Iames.
And
among
the
rest
Iohn
Andrea
,
Knight
of
St.
Iohn
of
Malta
,
which
valiantly
fighting
in
the
enterprise
of
Zara
died
there
;
and
now
liveth
with
much
honour
,
Silvio
,
Knight
of
the
same
Malta
,
and
of
sincere
life
and
singular
learning
besides
the
Lord
Cesare
del
Pezzo
Bishop
of
Sulmo
.
What
they
were
in
old
time
their
royal
issue
sufficiently
declares
;
the
men
of
this
Family
have
been
Lords
of
many
Castles
and
great
revenues
.
But
in
these
daies
they
possess
the
Barony
of
St.
Mango
in
Cilento
,
and
the
Barony
of
Prato
▪
St.
Pro
in
the
County
of
Aquila●
the
one
is
Baron
Tiberio
del
Pezzo
descending
of
Luke
,
a
Lord
of
most
pleasing
behaviour
,
and
a
great
lover
of
vertue
(
which
is
one
of
the
rarest
Noble
men
of
these
daies
)
the
other
possesseth
Hortenzio
del
Pezzo
Doctor
of
Law
,
and
descended
from
Pirro
before
said
.
Now
returning
to
Salerno
,
in
whose
reverend
Churches
the
bodies
of
many
Saints
are
in
rest
,
whereof
Marc.
Antonio
Marsilio
Colonna
,
Arch-Bishop
of
the
same
City
,
very
largely
discourseth
.
Marc.
Antonio
Marsilio
Colonna
,
Archbishop
of
Salerno
.
Famous
men
in
Phisick
.
Matteo
Silvatio
Trotula
.
Abella
.
Mercurial
.
Rebecca
Guarna
.
Boccuccio
Grillo
.
Iohn
de
Proeida
▪
Author
of
the
Sicilian
Evening
.
Paolo
Grisignano
Francesco
de
Alfano
.
Antonello
di
Rugiero
.
Pietro
Bailardo
.
Many
ingenious
and
learned
persons
have
given
great
ornament
to
the
said
City
,
as
in
Phisick
Matteo
Silvatio
,
who
at
the
instance
of
King
Rubert
writ
Aphorisms
,
of
Phisick
:
Trota
,
or
Trotula
de
Ruggiero
,
a
woman
of
great
learning
,
which
composed
a
book
De
morbis
mulierum
,
&
eorum
cura
,
and
another
de
compositione
medicamentorum
.
Abella
which
very
learnedly
writ
two
books
in
Verses
,
the
one
de
Atrabile
,
the
other
de
natura
seminis
humani
.
Mercurial
composed
four
books
,
the
first
de
Crisi
,
the
second
de
febre
pestilentiale
,
the
third
de
cura
ulcerum
exteriorum
,
and
the
last
de
unguentis
.
Rebecca
Guarna
writ
de
febribus
de
urinis
,
&
de
Embrione
.
Boccuccio
Grillo
writ
de
differentiis
pulsuum
,
&
de
febrium
causis
.
Iohn
of
Proeida
,
although
he
were
Lord
of
the
Isle
of
Procida
,
notwithstanding
he
was
an
excellent
Phisician
,
and
composed
a
learned
Work
of
Phisick
,
and
was
the
Author
of
the
Sicilian
Evening
against
the
French
.
In
the
same
profession
there
have
been
in
these
latter
daies
very
excellent
men
,
as
Paolo
,
Grisignano
,
Francesco
d'
Alfano
,
Antonello
,
and
Iohn
Cola
di
Rugiero
.
In
the
faculty
of
the
Law
were
very
famous
Pietro
Bailardo
,
of
whom
the
Gloss
maketh
mention
in
L.
quinquepidum
,
C.
finium
regendorum
.
Iohn
Cola
de
Vicario
,
an
expert
▪
Doctor
,
which
is
much
commended
by
Iohn
Vincenza
,
in
the
deciding
and
defining
of
freedoms
and
priviledges
,
Charls
de
Ruggiero
for
his
learning
was
a
Counceller
of
great
estimation
,
of
whom
Afflitto
testifieth
in
his
definitions
.
Tomaso
de
Simeone
,
whose
Works
not
long
since
were
committed
to
the
Press
by
Sebastian
Maffa
.
Iohn
Angelo
Papia
,
a
most
worthy
and
famous
Doctor
now
liveth
,
and
hath
read
26
years
continually
in
the
publick
Schools
of
Bologna
.
Pirro
Alfano
,
a
man
of
excellent
fame
,
whose
writings
are
a
sufficient
testimony
.
No
less
famous
have
been
Iulio
Pomponio
Lieto
,
Masuccio
Guardato
,
Iohn
Andrea
Longo
,
and
Andrea
Guarna
,
Iohn
Cola
di
Vicario
.
Carlo
di
Ruggiero
.
Iohn
Angelo
Papia
.
Pirro
Alfano
.
Pomponio
Lieto
Andrea
Guarna
Benedetto
Ruggio
.
which
composed
that
excellent
and
learned
discourse
,
entituled
,
Bellum
Grammaticale
▪
Benedetto
Ruggio
being
a
very
famous
Rhetorician
,
was
sent
by
King
Alfonsus
,
Ambassador
to
the
State
of
Venice
,
where
he
died
,
whose
funeral
Marc.
Antonio
Sabellico
performed
in
the
behalf
of
the
said
State
,
extolling
his
singular
vertues
.
Moreover
this
City
hath
no
little
fame
for
the
two
mighty
Fairs
,
which
are
there
every
year
,
the
one
the
third
of
May
,
and
the
other
the
21
of
September
,
the
first
continueth
eight
daies
,
and
the
other
ten
,
where
Merchants
come
almost
from
all
parts
of
Italy
,
Sicilia
,
Schianonia
,
Graecia
,
and
Asia
,
and
other
Nations
to
sell
their
Wares
.
This
City
contended
with
Capoa
for
the
precedence
,
and
in
the
general
Assembly
of
the
States
in
the
publick
Parliament
at
Naples
,
which
could
not
be
finished
for
the
obstinacy
and
wilfulness
of
the
Factions
,
The
Fairs
of
Salerno
.
the
claim
and
contention
,
the
Catholick
King
Ferdinando
,
moderated
so
the
matter
▪
that
he
appointed
Capoa
to
speak
,
saying
,
that
it
should
speak
before
Salerno
.
The
Arms
of
this
City
is
in
a
field
Azur
under
the
Evangelist
S.
Matthew
the
protector
thereof
,
fix
barrs
Ar.
and
gu
.
the
which
Ensignes
are
the
Arms
of
Hungaria
,
Which
Charls
the
second
of
Angio
King
of
Naples
gave
to
the
said
City
,
because
his
wife
Mary
the
only
daughter
of
King
Stephen
,
succeeded
in
the
aforesaid
Kingdom
of
Hungary
,
the
said
King
Charls
being
before
(
as
hath
been
declared
)
created
Prince
of
Salerno
.
Leaving
Salerno
and
Sanseverino
,
twelves
miles
off
,
upon
the
side
of
a
Hill
is
Sarno
,
the
Town
lieth
beneath
in
the
Plain
,
and
the
Castle
is
seated
higher
upon
the
Hill
,
which
overlooketh
both
the
Town
and
the
Country
.
Sarno
.
From
hence
walking
towards
Naples
,
about
a
mile
and
half
,
we
encounter
the
head
of
the
River
Sarno
,
over
the
which
is
an
entrance
or
passage
guarded
with
a
Tower
,
naturally
fortified
by
the
River
and
the
Hill
;
The
River
Sarno
.
the
which
place
by
the
Inhabitants
of
the
country
is
named
the
mouth
of
Sarno
:
The
said
country
is
adorned
with
the
dignity
of
a
Count
,
subject
to
the
Family
Tuttavilla
.
There
are
in
it
these
Noble
houses
,
Abbignente
,
Alteda
,
Balzerani
,
Lupo
,
Pandone
,
Mont●oro
,
Romandia
,
de
Specchio
,
and
others
.
Six
miles
after
we
come
to
Montoro
,
and
not
far
off
is
the
worthy
Country
of
Montecorvino
,
Montoro
.
Montecorvino
.
built
in
a
beautifull
valley
at
the
foot
of
a
Hill
,
near
the
which
,
in
a
place
which
they
now
call
Pattipaglia
,
are
seen
the
ruines
of
the
stately
and
ancient
City
of
Picentia
,
called
by
Strabo
,
Picentum
,
which
was
destroyed
by
the
Romans
,
because
it
was
confederate
with
Hannibal
the
Carthaginian
.
Picentia
,
a
famous
City
,
why
it
was
destroyed
by
the
Romans
.
Acerno
.
The
City
Campagna
.
Eight
miles
off
,
near
Acerno
is
seen
among
the
Hils
,
Campana
,
a
City
so
called
because
it
is
situated
in
the
borders
of
the
Province
of
happy
Campania
,
and
the
said
City
is
invironed
by
two
little
Rivers
,
the
one
called
Atro
,
and
the
other
Tempsa
,
the
which
are
full
of
fish
;
and
the
Territory
thereof
is
part
plain
,
and
part
hilly
,
where
are
thick
Woods
of
Oak
,
and
therefore
very
good
hunting
both
for
Fowls
and
Beasts
,
the
plain
thereof
is
almost
all
full
of
Olive
Trees
,
and
Vines
,
and
in
the
desert
Hils
are
often
taken
goodly
airs
of
strange
Falcons
.
Of
this
City
was
the
holy
man
St.
Antonio
a
Monk
of
the
Order
of
St.
Benedict
,
St.
Antony
the
Abbat
,
an.
625.
who
in
the
year
625
,
being
created
by
his
Monks
,
Abbot
in
the
Monastery
of
the
City
Sorrento
,
went
thither
,
where
living
godly
,
there
died
afterward
,
whereupon
in
token
of
his
good
life
,
God
shewed
after
his
death
many
miracles
,
and
in
particulars
towards
those
which
are
visited
with
evil
spirits
,
whose
holy
body
the
Sorentini
with
great
reverence
keep
within
their
City
,
neither
stick
they
to
say
that
he
was
their
Citizen
.
There
are
in
the
said
City
,
these
noble
Families
,
Bernalla
,
Campanino
,
Ciminello
,
Greco
,
Guerrieri
,
de
Nigris
,
Viviano
,
Tercasia
,
and
others
.
Now
liveth
with
much
honour
to
this
City
▪
Augustino
,
and
Detio
Bernalli
,
both
Doctors
of
the
Law
,
and
very
learned
,
and
great
lovers
of
vertue
.
The
said
City
was
in
the
time
of
the
ancient
Kings
indued
with
the
dignity
of
a
Count
;
but
in
the
year
1530.
the
Emperor
Charls
the
fifth
advanced
it
to
the
Title
of
a
Marquiss
,
in
the
person
of
Honorato
Grimaldo
Genoway
,
Lord
of
Monaco
,
under
the
enstalement
(
to
speak
like
a
Lawyer
)
to
hold
it
as
a
feuditory
liegman
,
and
not
with
the
succession
of
inheritance
,
whereby
he
that
is
Lord
of
the
Castle
of
Monaco
,
and
shall
defend
it
at
the
pleasure
of
the
King
of
Naples
,
doth
succeed
to
the
said
Marquiship
.
Conturso
.
Eight
miles
distant
is
the
Country
of
Conturso
,
the
which
is
compassed
with
the
Rivers
Sele
and
Negro
,
it
hath
a
most
pure
Climat
,
and
a
plentifull
Territory
;
of
the
said
Country
was
that
excellent
and
learned
man
Antonio
Pepi
,
called
by
his
sirname
Peperone
,
which
was
judge
of
the
great
Court
of
the
Vicaria
in
Naples
,
and
writ
a
book
de
omni
vero
officio
.
Iohn
Cola
Pepi
was
very
inward
with
the
King
Farnando
,
which
for
his
great
skill
and
experience
in
the
Laws
,
was
by
the
said
King
made
his
Counceller
,
and
to
Iames
his
brother
he
gave
the
Bishoprick
of
Capaccio
.
No
less
learned
in
these
daies
is
Sertorio
Pepi
,
a
man
singularly
qualified
and
very
faithfull
.
This
Noble
Family
hath
for
a
long
time
ruled
the
said
Country
,
with
other
Castles
.
Going
then
four
miles
is
Quaglietta
,
a
little
Castle
;
and
no
more
then
12
miles
distant
,
Quaglietta
.
Evoli
.
but
from
Salerno
18.
we
come
to
the
fair
and
ancient
Country
of
Evolo
,
by
Ptolomy
called
Ebulum
,
which
was
builded
by
the
people
Eborini
,
so
naming
it
by
the
first
son
of
Iupiter
King
of
Athens
,
the
said
City
stands
not
far
from
the
River
Sele
,
and
the
River
Tusciano
,
the
current
or
stream
passeth
along
by
the
Walls
thereof
,
named
by
the
Country
people
,
Toliero
,
which
Virgil
calleth
Tanagro
,
Virgil
in
the
3
of
his
Georg.
when
he
saith
,
Sicci
ripa
Tanagri
.
The
River
Sele
called
by
Strabo
,
Siler
,
riseth
in
the
Apennine
,
where
the
River
Aufido
hath
his
beginning
,
which
runneth
by
Apulia
,
and
falleth
into
the
Ionian
Sea
,
near
Barletta
three
miles
;
but
Sele
runneth
towards
the
South
,
and
leaving
Campania
by
Basilicata
,
in
the
end
falleth
into
the
Tirrene
Sea
.
The
said
River
(
according
to
Strabo
,
Pliny
,
and
Sillio
Italico
)
hath
the
property
to
change
into
a
stone
whatsoever
is
put
therein
keeping
the
colour
,
and
the
first
form
thereof
.
It
is
reported
by
grave
and
credible
Authors
,
that
in
the
time
of
Ione
of
Angio
,
the
first
of
that
name
,
Queen
of
Naples
,
took
the
Scepter
of
the
Kingdom
,
A
woman
changed
to
a
man
.
Anno
1460.
a
woman
of
Ev●li
,
having
brought
forth
a
son
,
became
her self
a
man
.
It
is
also
verified
that
in
the
year
1460
▪
in
the
same
City
,
a
woman
called
Emilia
,
maried
to
one
Antonio
Sponsa
,
after
she
had
lived
12
years
with
her
said
husband
,
was
changed
to
a
man
,
and
Pontano
which
knew
her
,
testifieth
that
afterward
she
exercised
the
office
of
a
man
,
and
besides
took
a
wife
,
and
that
allowing
her
a
dowry
,
by
commandment
of
King
Ferdinando
,
the
Judge
inforcing
the
said
Antonio
to
yield
it
her
.
The
same
Iohn
Pontano
,
Iohn
Pontano
,
Li.
10.
〈…〉
a
man
rather
divine
then
mortal
,
witnesseth
in
his
tenth
book
of
Celestial
things
,
which
Antonio
Panormita
reciteth
,
that
a
woman
of
Gaera
,
after
14
years
she
had
been
used
by
her
husband
,
her
natural
member
suddenly
altered
,
and
she
became
a
man
,
wherefore
to
avoid
the
scorns
that
were
made
thereof
both
by
men
and
women
,
became
a
Frier
,
and
so
lived
all
the
remainder
of
her
life
,
where
the
said
Pontano
affirmeth
to
have
known
her
,
and
that
she
was
buried
in
Rome
in
the
Temple
of
Minerva
:
Therefore
that
seemeth
not
so
wonderfull
which
Pliny
writeth
in
the
fourth
Chapter
of
the
seventh
Book
of
his
natural
History
,
which
things
,
Pliny
,
lib.
〈…〉
a
woman
may
turn
to
be
a
man
.
with
all
that
appertain
,
seem
rather
impossible
then
miraculous
;
nevertheless
for
my self
I
cannot
deny
the
authority
of
such
persons
,
and
especially
that
which
Philosophy
cannot
only
not
deny
,
but
also
approve
,
for
that
according
to
Philosophers
and
Phisicians
,
the
man
differeth
not
,
nor
is
known
from
the
woman
by
any
member
,
but
by
being
either
too
hot
or
too
cold
,
because
the
nature
of
man
without
all
doubt
is
more
hot
then
that
of
women
,
and
by
the
power
of
this
heat
it
so
falleth
out
,
that
nature
driveth
out
that
member
in
men
,
which
in
women
by
reason
of
their
coldness
,
remaineth
inward
,
whereupon
it
may
be
,
that
after
some
certain
time
,
or
by
some
meat
,
or
the
air
,
or
by
some
other
occasion
that
coldness
may
be
so
inflamed
and
heated
,
that
it
may
now
do
that
,
which
in
the
birth
it
could
not
.
But
returning
to
Evoli
,
the
said
City
hath
very
fertile
Territories
,
and
spacious
fields
,
abounding
with
all
good
things
beneficial
for
the
use
of
living
creatures
,
whereof
the
said
City
glorying
,
beareth
for
Arms
,
the
four
Elements
.
The
bones
of
St.
Berniero
lie
with
great
reverence
in
it
,
in
a
glorious
Church
,
dedicated
to
St.
Peter
the
Apostle
,
at
whose
Sepulchre
(
as
they
say
)
God
sheweth
wonderfull
miracles
towards
those
which
are
possest
with
evil
spirits
.
The
body
of
St.
Bernier●
.
The
body
of
St.
Vito
.
From
the
said
Country
eight
miles
,
near
to
the
River
Silare
is
the
reverend
Church
of
St.
Vito
,
where
resteth
his
said
holy
body
,
together
with
Modesto
and
Crescentia
the
Nurse
;
whereupon
all
those
which
are
bitten
with
mad-dogs
repair
hither
,
and
by
the
intercessions
of
the
said
St.
Vito
(
as
they
say
)
are
presently
healed
.
There
are
in
the
said
Country
these
noble
Families
,
Caravita
,
Clario
,
Corcione
,
Christophero
,
Crispo
,
Fulgione
,
Fiorenza
,
Gentilcore
,
Granato
,
Giuliano
,
The
noble
Families
of
Ev●ly
.
Ligoro
de
Loisio
,
Malacarne
;
Marcancione
,
Mirto
,
Monaco
,
Millone
de
Novellis
,
Orso
,
Della
Porta
,
Perretta
,
Ragoni
,
Raghi
,
Russo
,
Saceo
,
Troiano
,
and
others
.
Going
from
Evoli
no
more
then
twelve
miles
,
is
Aquaro
,
a
good
Country
,
The
Country
Aquario
.
Matthia
Iuono
.
so
called
for
the
abundance
of
water
which
invironeth
it
round
about
.
That
R.
Padre
Matthia
Iuono
,
sirnamed
Aquario
,
of
the
Order
of
Preachers
,
hath
given
great
honour
to
this
Country
,
of
the
learning
of
this
man
,
many
Works
written
by
him
are
sufficient
testimony
,
that
is
to
say
,
certain
learned
discourses
upon
all
the
principles
of
Logick
,
natural
Philosophy
,
Metaphisick
,
and
the
Soul
,
upon
the
four
Books
of
Sentences
,
and
another
book
in
particular
of
the
exquisite
learning
of
the
controversies
between
St.
Thomas
and
all
the
other
Doctors
and
Philosophers
,
with
a
brief
discourse
de
memoria
artificiali
,
The
Country
of
Olivito
.
The
Country
of
Agropoli
.
The
air
of
Agropoli
,
and
the
effect
therof
.
The
Castle
of
Abbate
.
The
Cape
of
Licosa
.
The
Castle
of
Bruca
.
The
River
Electe
.
The
Isles
of
Enotrie
,
Isacia
and
Pontia
.
The
Country
of
〈◊〉
.
&
de
significationibus
terminorum
juxta
doctrinam
Sancti
Thomae
.
The
said
learned
man
died
in
the
year
1591.
Walking
a
little
forward
is
the
Country
of
Olivito
,
the
natural
Country
of
Camillo
Borrello
,
an
excellent
Lawyer
.
Olivito
was
so
named
because
the
Territory
thereof
is
full
of
Olives
.
But
leaving
these
Mediterranean
places
,
and
walking
the
ruinous
way
by
the
shore
,
we
come
to
Agropolo
,
where
is
reported
,
that
through
the
delicacy
of
the
air
,
women
at
twelve
years
of
age
are
capable
of
husbands
,
like
to
the
Cipriots
,
which
at
that
time
lose
their
virginity
.
After
we
come
to
the
Castle
of
Abbate
,
is
the
Cape
of
Licosa
,
first
called
the
Promontory
of
Possidoniate
;
hard
by
is
the
Castle
of
Bruca
a
relique
of
old
Velia
,
with
the
River
Electe
,
which
taketh
the
name
from
the
City
of
Elea
,
and
hither
the
Romans
sent
to
celebrate
their
accustomed
sacrifice
to
Ceres
their
Goddess
.
Before
the
Country
of
Elia
are
the
two
little
Isles
of
Enotrie
,
which
have
two
little
artificial
Havens
,
the
one
called
Isacia
,
and
the
other
Pontia
.
Afterward
appeareth
upon
a
high
hill
▪
Cammerota
,
in
a
small
circuit
of
ground
,
builded
(
as
some
affirm
)
by
the
reliques
of
the
ancient
City
of
Molpa
,
The
City
Molpa
destroyed
.
The
Haven
of
Saprico
,
now
called
the
gulf
of
Pulicastro
.
which
standeth
but
a
little
distant
.
Going
afterward
some
few
miles
is
a
goodly
Fortress
▪
Near
Policastro
,
with
the
Gulf
which
the
Ancients
call
the
Haven
Saprico
,
is
the
City
of
Sapri
,
now
named
Bonati
.
Within
the
Land
is
Capaccio
,
Novi
,
and
the
Valley
of
Diano
,
a
litle
from
whence
upon
a
hill
is
a
Country
called
Atane
,
on
the
other
side
is
Polla
,
Tito
,
and
Sala
,
so
called
because
the
hils
are
full
of
Sage
,
whereupon
because
in
this
Valley
riseth
a
great
Spring
of
water
which
the
City
of
Diano
takes
the
name
from
,
Atane
of
Atteone
,
Tito
of
Titan
,
which
is
the
Sun
,
Apolla
of
Apollo
,
it
seemeth
from
the
resemblance
and
near
affinity
of
these
names
,
and
from
the
pleasantness
of
the
Country
the
Fable
might
here
have
had
its
beginning
of
Atteone
,
the
son
of
Aristeo
,
with
Diana
.
After
followeth
the
Fenn
with
the
rich
Monastery
of
St.
Laurence
,
possessed
by
the
Carthusian
Monks
,
Saponara
.
Marsico
.
The
disposition
of
the
people
of
this
Province
.
and
not
far
distant
is
Laurino
,
Saponara
,
and
Marsico
,
with
many
other
places
.
But
to
conclude
,
touching
this
Province
it
remaineth
that
I
now
declare
the
disposition
and
nature
of
these
people
,
which
are
of
a
strong
constitution
,
and
naturally
merry
,
ready
in
arms
,
desirous
of
learning
,
wary
in
their
affairs
,
and
given
both
to
pleasure
and
profit
,
they
are
also
painfull
and
industrious
,
and
inclined
to
Traffick
;
the
Gentlemen
are
comely
and
neatly
attired
,
nothing
differing
from
the
manner
of
the
Neopolitans
;
but
the
common
people
respect
not
so
much
civility
,
for
as
much
as
they
cloth
themselves
with
cloth
made
of
course
wooll
,
and
base
attires
on
the
head
.
All
the
men
in
general
are
very
jealous
,
both
of
their
honour
and
their
wives
,
whereupon
proceeds
the
old
Proverb
,
Picentinorum
Zelotypia
.
In
bargaining
and
contracting
their
affairs
,
it
behoveth
a
stranger
to
be
very
wary
,
A
Proverb
.
for
what
with
deceitfull
and
flattering
speeches
and
many
oaths
,
The
Arms
of
this
Province
.
they
easily
deceive
those
that
buy
any
thing
of
them
.
The
Arms
of
this
Country
is
per
fesse
ar.
&
Sa
▪
unto
a
Sea-compass
,
four
wings
extended
and
fixed
in
Salter
,
with
the
North-star
in
chief
sinister
or
.
The
which
said
arms
declare
unto
us
that
in
this
Province
was
found
(
as
hath
been
said
)
the
Mariners
Compass
,
with
the
vertue
of
the
Adamant
stone
and
the
Sea-card
,
by
Flavio
di
Gioia
,
whereupon
the
two
fields
,
the
one
signifieth
the
day
,
the
other
the
night
;
the
four
wings
which
are
joyned
to
the
Sea-Compass
,
declare
the
four
Cardinal
Winds
,
and
chiefest
in
the
world
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
East
,
the
West
,
the
North
,
and
the
South
;
the
shining
Star
signifieth
the
North
Star
,
wherewith
through
that
excellent
invention
,
Pilots
and
Mariners
might
sail
both
day
and
night
with
any
wind
.
The
PRINCIPALITY
On
the
other
side
the
third
Province
in
the
Kingdom
OF
NAPLES
.
THe
people
of
the
Principality
on
the
other
side
,
are
part
of
the
ancient
Irpini
,
and
derive
this
name
from
Lupo
,
which
conducted
them
into
this
Province
to
inhabit
,
Strabo
in
his
5
book
.
for
so
much
as
the
Sabines
call
Lupo
,
Irpo
,
the
which
Strabo
declareth
in
the
end
of
his
first
Book
,
saying
,
Ordine
de
hinc
sunt
Hirpini
,
&
ipsi
Samniticae
gentis
.
Qui
quidem
ex
Lupo
nomen
adepti
fuerunt
,
The
ancient
limits
of
this
Principality
.
qui
eis
in
deducenda
Colonia
Dux
oblatus
est
Samnites
enim
Lupum
vocant
Hirpum
.
The
limits
of
these
people
were
on
the
East
Lucania
,
at
this
present
called
Basilicata
,
on
the
South
a
part
of
the
said
Basilicata
,
with
the
Picentini
,
The
Vale
of
Beneventana
,
the
principal
part
of
Sannio
.
and
the
happy
Campania
,
on
the
West
the
Sabines
and
the
Vestini
,
on
the
North
the
Apennine
Hils
,
and
the
Plain
Apuglia
,
now
called
Capitanato
,
with
the
Saracins
and
the
Peligni
.
There
is
also
contained
in
this
Province
a
Country
,
now
called
the
dale
of
Beneventana
,
the
principal
part
of
all
Sannio
,
The
length
of
the
Valley
of
Beneventana
.
where
have
been
done
greater
exploits
,
and
more
in
number
then
in
any
other
part
of
Italy
.
This
Country
hath
higher
hils
then
the
Apennine
,
from
whence
proceed
in
certain
places
little
brooks
,
and
from
almost
immeasurable
Cliffs
and
Rocks
,
The
Rivers
Sabato
and
Vulturno
.
which
is
the
cause
of
many
Rivers
,
Streams
,
Lakes
and
Springs
,
it
stretcheth
in
length
(
going
along
by
the
Apennine
)
80
miles
from
the
head
of
Vulturno
,
to
the
beginning
of
the
River
Silare
in
Basilicata
,
Matese
,
a
Promontory
of
the
Apennine
.
and
of
so
many
Rivers
which
water
this
Valley
(
except
some
few
)
all
first
fall
into
the
River
Sabato
,
and
afterward
into
Vulturno
,
so
that
from
the
lower
part
,
Sabato
seemeth
a
snag
,
or
a
branch
of
a
Tree
,
among
all
the
other
boughs
thereof
.
In
Matese
,
which
is
a
Promontory
of
the
Apennine
,
did
inhabit
the
most
valiant
people
of
all
Sannio
.
Of
these
people
which
remained
upon
these
hils
,
The
City
Benevento
,
by
whom
it
was
built
.
Livy
saith
that
they
were
alwailes
faithfull
to
the
Sannites
,
neither
could
the
Roman
Army
go
much
before
them
.
The
principal
City
of
this
Region
is
Benevento
,
edified
(
as
Servio
affirmeth
)
by
Diomedes
the
Greek
▪
and
Livy
saith
that
it
was
first
called
Malvento
,
and
that
it
was
made
a
Colony
of
the
Romans
at
the
same
time
with
Arimino
,
under
the
Consulship
of
P.
Sempronio
,
and
Ap.
Claudio
.
The
said
City
was
maintained
many
years
in
great
peace
under
the
Government
of
the
Romans
,
untill
the
coming
of
Tottila
,
King
of
the
Goths
into
Italy
,
who
destroyed
it
with
great
slaughter
,
and
so
remaining
ruinated
for
certain
years
,
was
afterward
repaired
and
possest
by
the
Longobards
more
then
two
hundred
years
,
Benevento
possessed
by
the
Longobards
more
then
200
years
.
at
which
time
they
became
Lords
of
Italy
,
and
established
their
siege
or
●ea●
in
the
said
City
,
and
named
it
the
Dukedom
of
Benevento
▪
the
which
Dukedom
contained
all
happy
Campania
,
which
we
now
call
the
Country
of
Lavoro
,
except
Pozzuolo
and
Naples
,
the
greater
part
of
the
Sannity
,
of
Benevento
,
Isernia
▪
and
Guasto
,
even
to
the
River
Pescara
,
which
of
the
Ancients
was
called
Aterno
;
and
all
that
which
was
contained
under
the
name
of
Feligni
,
of
Marsi
,
and
of
Marrucini
,
now
commonly
called
Abruzzi
.
The
Dukedom
of
Benevento
,
how
much
it
contained
.
The
first
Duke
of
Benevento
which
began
to
reign
in
the
year
573
:
was
Zotone
,
which
reigned
twenty
years
,
to
whom
succeeded
in
the
Dukedom
,
Arechi
,
sent
thither
by
Agisulfo
,
King
of
the
Longobards
,
who
ruling
50
years
,
died
,
left
his
successor
Aione
his
son
,
which
died
in
the
year
645.
Aione
dead
,
Rodoaldo
five
years
quietly
possest
the
Dukedom
,
The
names
of
all
the
Dukes
of
Benevento
.
who
died
in
the
year
649.
and
left
Grimoaldo
his
brother
to
succeed
him
,
a
worthy
Warrier
,
who
became
King
of
the
Longobards
,
the
year
666.
whereupon
Romoaldo
his
natural
son
remained
Duke
of
Benevento
,
which
reigned
16
years
,
and
died
in
the
year
681.
whom
Grimoaldo
the
second
,
Arechi
the
second
of
this
name
,
Duke
of
Benevento
▪
Who
first
undertook
the
dignity
of
a
Prince
in
Italy
.
his
son
,
succeeded
,
which
reigning
three
years
,
and
died
the
year
694.
and
left
the
Seigniory
to
Gisulfo
his
brother
,
who
having
reigned
,
as
Erechemperto
saith
,
24
years
,
died
the
year
707.
and
left
Romoaldo
the
second
,
his
son
,
successor
and
heir
of
the
Dukedom
,
which
held
that
Seigniory
26
years
,
and
died
in
the
year
733.
By
the
death
of
Romoaldo
,
Gisulfo
the
second
,
his
son
succeeded
in
the
State
,
and
died
in
the
year
750.
After
Gisulfo
,
Luitprando
took
that
Dukedome
,
which
reigned
5
years
,
died
the
year
755.
and
Arechi
the
second
succeeded
him
,
which
was
a
valiant
and
a
worthy
Prince
,
and
as
we
have
elsewhere
said
,
was
the
first
of
all
the
Dukes
of
Benevento
,
which
caused
himself
to
be
entituled
Prince
,
and
perhaps
Lord
of
all
others
,
which
untill
that
age
had
but
the
particular
title
of
Lordship
.
He
would
also
wear
a
Crown
upon
his
head
,
and
caused
himself
to
be
anointed
by
Bishops
,
and
in
the
end
of
his
priviledges
and
Letters
Papents
,
and
other
writings
,
caused
this
to
be
added
,
Scriptum
in
nostro
sacratissimo
Palatio
;
the
which
dignity
,
in
what
manner
he
obtained
it
,
is
not
known
▪
except
it
were
granted
by
King
Desiderio
,
whose
son
in-law
he
was
.
Great
were
the
Wars
of
this
King
which
he
made
with
the
Romans
,
Pope
Adrian
.
and
the
Bishops
that
lived
in
those
daies
in
Rome
;
so
that
Adrian
which
at
that
time
ruled
the
Apostolick
Sea
▪
was
inforced
for
his
refuge
to
slie
to
King
Charls
for
aid
of
the
French
,
Charls
the
great
.
in
such
manner
that
Stephen
the
second
his
predecessor
,
through
the
to●l
and
travel
which
King
Astolfo
urged
him
unto
,
was
constrained
to
submit
himself
unto
the
power
of
King
Pepin
the
second
,
father
of
the
said
Charls
,
who
for
his
great
enterprises
was
afterward
sirnamed
the
great
.
Then
came
King
Charls
in
the
aid
of
Adrian
,
and
overcame
King
Desiderio
,
and
took
him
prisoner
in
the
year
774.
in
the
month
of
May
,
The
end
of
the
Kingdom
of
the
Longobards
in
Italy
.
and
absolutely
took
the
Kingdom
of
Italy
from
the
hands
of
the
Longobards
,
the
which
for
the
space
of
2●6
years
possest
the
same
;
but
he
thought
himself
no
absolute
Conqueror
unless
he
subdued
the
Prince
Arechi
,
especialy
for
that
by
the
right
of
his
wife
he
pretended
a
title
to
the
Kingdom
of
Italy
,
he
made
War
against
him
.
But
the
Prince
knowing
his
power
unable
to
resist
the
puissance
of
so
mighty
a
King
,
which
was
now
come
to
beleaguer
the
City
of
Benevento
,
was
constrained
to
accept
such
Conditions
as
were
offered
unto
him
,
acknowledging
himself
from
thence
forward
to
be
under
the
Crown
of
France
.
Many
notable
things
are
written
by
the
Longobards
of
this
Arechi
;
Charls
the
great
was
disguised
as
an
Ambassador
to
see
the
Prince
Arechi
.
for
because
that
when
Charls
sent
unto
him
Ambassadors
from
Salerno
to
perform
the
Covenants
agreed
between
them
,
disguised
himself
through
the
fame
of
his
great
renown
into
the
habit
of
a
Royal
Ambassador
,
to
see
himself
the
Prince
Arechi
,
and
having
seen
the
Magnificence
and
splendor
of
his
Court
,
the
number
of
Knights
that
attended
him
,
his
great
abundance
of
Plate
,
his
Stables
full
of
excellent
Horse
,
and
the
majesty
with
the
which
he
gave
audience
,
and
the
wisdom
wherewith
he
answered
,
returned
to
his
people
with
great
admiration
,
often
times
saying
,
that
the
Prince
Arechi
and
his
Court
was
far
more
excellent
then
the
fame
thereof
.
He
bestowed
much
labour
and
great
cost
to
repair
,
and
newly
to
fortifie
Salerno
,
that
he
might
have
one
secure
Fortress
upon
the
Tirrene
Sea
.
The
City
of
Salerno
fortified
by
Arechi
▪
Arechi
died
the
year
78●
▪
There
repaired
unto
his
Court
,
Paolo
Diacono
when
he
fled
to
St.
Mary
of
Trimiti
,
whether
he
was
confined
by
Charls
the
great
,
and
was
by
him
and
his
wife
well
entertained
.
Finally
,
Arechi
being
of
the
age
of
53
years
,
died
the
26
of
August
,
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
787.
having
reigned
Prince
29
years
and
5
months
.
Arechi
dead
,
Grimoaldo
the
third
,
his
son
,
succeeded
in
the
State
,
which
with
King
Charls
and
Pepin
,
made
great
Wars
,
and
died
the
year
807.
having
reigned
19
years
and
6
months
.
By
the
death
of
Grimoaldo
,
was
created
Grimoaldo
the
fourth
,
son
of
Delrico
which
was
Treasuror
of
Prince
Grimoaldo
;
but
making
himself
odious
to
some
,
was
slain
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
820.
having
reigned
12
years
lacking
5
months
.
Great
contention
suddenly
arose
among
the
Beneventani
about
the
Principality
:
but
in
the
end
Sicone
,
a
noble
Lord
,
was
created
,
which
died
in
the
year
832.
and
reigned
12
years
and
6
months
.
Sicone
dead
,
his
son
Sicardo
succeeded
in
the
State
,
which
made
great
wars
with
the
Saracins
that
molested
the
Kingdom
:
But
perceiving
afterward
they
had
set
foot
in
Sicilia
,
and
therefore
doubting
left
in
time
they
would
overrun
all
the
Islands
of
that
Sea
,
sent
through
all
those
places
to
search
out
the
bodies
of
Saints
,
which
were
there
found
,
and
caused
them
to
be
brought
to
Benevento
with
great
reverence
.
Among
which
the
most
excellent
and
worthiest
work
he
did
,
was
,
that
he
caused
the
body
of
St.
Bartholmew
the
Apostle
,
to
be
brought
from
Lipare
.
The
Saracins
in
Sicilia
.
S●
.
Bartholmew
the
Apostle
.
Sicardo
was
slain
the
year
839.
having
reigned
7
years
wanting
2
months
.
After
the
death
of
Sicardo
,
Radelchi
his
Treasuror
got
the
Principality
of
Benevento
,
which
reigned
12
years
,
and
died
the
year
850.
in
whose
Principality
succeeded
Radelgano
his
son
,
which
died
the
year
853.
and
left
his
successor
Radelchi
his
brother
,
though
by
some
Writers
he
is
called
Adelgisio
,
which
fled
into
Corsica
the
year
(
as
Regione
saith
)
873.
Monte
Casino
destroyed
by
the
Saracins
in
the
year
884.
Afterward
Gauderi
the
son
of
Radelgario
got
the
Principality
of
Benevento
,
who
held
it
but
two
years
and
half
,
and
to
him
succeeded
the
year
876.
Radelchi
his
Cousin
,
son
of
the
Prince
Radelchi
,
and
held
the
Principality
3
years
lacking
9
months
.
The
Principality
of
Benevento
came
into
the
possession
of
Aione
,
Leone
Emperor
of
Cons●antinople
.
the
year
879.
under
whose
Regiment
,
and
the
ensuing
Lords
,
the
Saracins
being
almost
the
space
of
40
years
setled
in
a
place
called
Garigliano
,
committed
infinite
evils
through
the
Country
of
Lavoro
.
Among
other
mischiefs
which
were
done
in
the
year
884.
they
burnt
the
Monastery
of
Monte
Casino
.
Not
long
after
departed
Basilio
,
The
Dukedom
of
Benevento
possest
by
the
Emperor
of
Greece
.
Castaldo
was
a
certain
dignity
which
the
Empero●s
of
Greece
were
accustomed
to
bestow
on
their
favorites
;
which
some
say
signifieth
a
Lieutenant
▪
o●
President
.
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
the
year
886.
to
whom
succeeded
Leone
his
first
begotten
son
,
in
which
time
the
Prince
Aione
taking
occasion
by
the
death
of
the
Emperor
,
the
greatest
part
of
his
State
revolted
;
whereupon
Leone
having
endured
this
injury
certain
years
,
at
length
in
the
year
891
he
sent
against
him
a
strong
Army
,
under
the
command
of
Simbatizio
Patrizio
,
who
being
three
months
encamped
about
Benevento
,
happily
subdued
it
318
years
after
it
had
been
possessed
by
the
Lombards
,
beginning
from
Zotone
the
first
,
Duke
of
Benevento
untill
to
this
time
.
Simbatizio
Patrizio
having
possest
the
Dukedom
of
Benevento
,
used
the
Authority
of
a
Prince
;
after
whom
came
Giorgio
Patrizio
,
by
whom
the
said
State
was
Governed
3
years
and
9
months
.
Coming
afterwards
in
the
year
895
Guido
,
Marquiss
of
Toscana
drove
away
the
Greeks
,
and
held
the
Seigniory
about
2
years
,
to
whom
presently
followed
Radelebi
,
the
which
held
it
two
others
,
untill
it
was
possest
by
At●nolfo
Castaldo
of
Capoa
,
in
whose
house
the
Principality
of
Capoa
was
joyned
with
that
of
Benevento
,
who
maintained
it
a
long
time
in
great
prosperity
.
Atenolfo
being
now
made
Castaldo
of
Capoa
,
was
afterward
in
the
year
899.
entituled
Prince
of
Capoa
and
Benevento
,
in
the
which
house
for
the
space
of
163
years
that
Seigniory
remained
.
Atenolfo
died
the
year
914.
and
Atenolfo
and
Landolfo
his
sons
succeeded
him
in
the
Principality
.
Atenolfo
died
about
the
year
946.
and
the
Principality
only
remained
to
Landolfo
,
which
by
that
most
valiant
Prince
Luitprando
,
received
many
overthrows
,
and
died
the
year
951.
and
left
that
Principality
to
his
son
Pandolfo
,
which
was
sirnamed
Iron-head
.
The
Prince
Pandolfo
departed
this
life
the
year
966.
and
left
eight
sons
,
Anno
996.
The
Emperor
Otho
the
3
goeth
about
to
take
away
from
Benevento
the
body
of
St.
Bartholmew
the
Apostle
.
whereof
Landolfo
his
first
begotten
had
the
Principality
,
and
died
the
year
982.
and
Landenolfo
took
the
Government
of
the
State
,
which
was
slain
the
year
991.
The
Prince
Landenolfo
dead
,
his
brother
Laidolfo
succeeded
in
the
Seigniory
,
which
continued
not
long
in
the
Principality
,
in
whose
place
was
in
the
year
996.
created
Prince
Pandolfo
of
St.
Agata
his
son
,
in
which
year
the
Emperor
Otho
the
third
was
Crowned
in
Rome
,
under
whose
Principality
Historians
recite
,
that
the
Emperor
going
about
to
take
away
from
Benevento
the
body
of
St.
Bartholmew
,
the
Apostle
,
there
was
given
him
instead
thereof
the
body
of
St.
Paolino
,
Bishop
of
Nola
;
of
which
deceit
being
informed
,
made
War
with
the
Beneventani
,
but
growing
grievously
sick
,
raised
his
siege
,
and
as
he
much
desired
,
returned
into
Germany
,
little
regarding
the
heat
of
Summer
;
being
come
into
his
natural
Country
,
departed
this
life
the
year
of
our
Lord
1001.
and
so
the
Beneventany
were
delivered
of
so
grievous
a
War
.
Henry
the
2
Emperor
,
by
many
named
the
first
▪
Henry
the
second
succeeded
in
the
Empire
by
the
election
of
the
Princes
of
Germany
,
who
in
the
year
1022.
levying
a
mighty
Army
came
into
Italy
to
the
prejudice
of
the
Greeks
,
and
understanding
the
ill
demeanor
and
most
wicked
proceeding
of
the
Prince
Pandolfo
,
took
the
Prince
prisoner
,
and
carryed
him
along
with
him
into
Germany
,
and
the
Principality
of
Capoa
he
bestowed
upon
Pandolfo
Count
of
Tiano
.
Henry
the
Emperor
having
builded
in
Bamberg
,
a
City
of
Germany
,
Benedict
the
7
by
some
called
the
8.
a
noble
Church
in
the
honour
of
St.
George
,
and
desiring
that
the
same
might
be
consecrated
as
a
Cathedral
Church
,
Benedict
the
7
consenting
thereto
obtained
with
condition
,
that
the
said
Church
should
give
by
way
of
tribute
yearly
to
the
Bishop
of
Rome
,
a
mark
of
silver
with
a
white
horse
well
furnished
;
but
within
a
while
the
Bishop
receiving
in
gift
from
the
Emperor
Benevento
,
How
Benevento
came
under
the
dominion
of
the
Church
.
Ruberto
Guiscard
created
Duke
of
Puglia
and
Calauria
.
the
tribute
from
the
Church
of
Bamberg
was
discharged
,
by
this
means
then
Benevento
came
under
the
dominion
of
the
Church
,
which
we
have
declared
in
our
History
of
the
lives
of
the
Kings
of
Naples
,
and
after
we
have
declared
how
Ruberto
Guiscard
having
possest
Benevento
,
being
desirous
to
expell
the
Saracins
out
of
Italy
,
came
to
the
Parlament
in
the
City
of
Aquila
in
the
year
1060
▪
with
Pope
Nicolas
the
second
,
which
was
much
laboured
by
the
Roman
Barons
,
and
Guiscard
having
with
great
humility
adored
the
Pope
made
peace
with
him
,
and
he
restored
the
City
of
Benevento
,
and
all
other
places
which
he
held
belonging
to
the
Church
,
whereupon
the
Pope
did
not
only
receive
him
into
grace
and
favour
,
but
created
him
Duke
of
Puglia
and
Caulauria
,
and
so
Ruberto
was
now
made
a
vassal
of
the
Church
.
Ruggiero
the
Norman
,
King
of
Naples
,
possest
Benevento
.
Benevento
being
afterward
possest
by
Ruggiero
the
Norman
,
King
of
Naples
,
William
his
son
who
succeeded
in
the
Kingdom
,
restored
it
to
Pope
Adrian
the
fourth
,
as
a
thing
properly
belonging
to
the
Church
,
whereupon
he
was
by
him
confirmed
in
the
Kingdom
,
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
second
,
and
King
of
Naples
,
having
been
excommunicated
by
Gregory
the
ninth
,
disdaining
the
same
,
ruinated
and
made
spoil
of
the
said
City
,
and
threw
the
Walls
even
to
the
ground
;
being
afterward
repaired
by
the
Citizens
thereof
,
was
by
Charls
of
Angio
,
the
first
of
this
name
,
sacked
,
because
they
were
known
to
be
favourable
to
King
Manfred
;
and
although
this
City
sustained
so
many
spoils
,
yet
the
Citizens
thereof
alwaies
repaired
it
.
St.
Gianuario
Martyr
,
was
Bishop
of
Benevento
,
whose
body
lieth
with
great
reverence
in
the
principal
Church
of
Naples
,
Bishops
of
Rome
.
Orbilio
Grammatico
▪
Rofredo
,
and
Odo●redo
,
famous
Lawyers
.
where
(
as
they
say
)
are
seen
many
miracles
of
his
holy
blood
.
There
was
born
in
Benevento
,
Felix
the
fourth
,
called
the
third
;
Victor
the
third
,
and
Gregory
the
eight
,
Bishops
of
the
holy
Church
of
Rome
,
which
were
of
exemplary
life
,
and
indued
with
learning
.
Orbillio
Grammatico
was
very
famous
in
the
time
of
Cicero
,
which
for
his
austerity
and
severe
speech
,
was
by
Horace
called
the
wonder
.
Rofredo
and
Odofredo
,
Lawyers
of
great
fame
were
thereof
,
Angelo
Catone
Marino
Bilotta
.
Mercurio
of
Vipera
.
from
whence
afterward
descended
the
house
of
the
Odofredi
in
Bologna
,
Alberto
Morra
Cardinal
,
and
Dionisio
which
was
also
a
Cardinal
,
Angelo
Catone
,
a
learned
Philosopher
was
Count
and
Arch-Bishop
of
Vienna
.
Marino
Bilotta
was
President
of
the
Chamber
under
King
Ferrant
the
first
.
Mercurio
of
Vipera
was
dearly
beloved
of
the
Roman
Bishops
,
and
imployed
in
divers
affairs
,
and
afterward
made
Auditor
of
Rota
▪
Pietro
of
the
worthy
Family
Candida
,
was
Councellor
of
State
,
and
Captain
of
the
principal
Fortress
of
the
Kingdom
under
King
Ferrant
the
first
.
Bartholmew
Camerario
,
a
famous
Lawyer
,
Pietro
Candido
▪
Bartholmew
Camerario
.
having
been
from
the
beginning
in
most
honourable
imployments
in
the
service
of
the
Emperor
Charls
the
fifth
,
was
made
Lieutenant
of
the
Kings
Chamber
,
with
Title
of
Keeper
of
the
Patrimony
.
He
was
in
great
account
with
Pope
Paul
the
fourth
,
by
whom
he
was
created
in
Rome
Purveyor
of
the
Store
,
and
General
of
the
Army
;
he
was
afterward
entertained
by
King
Francis
in
France
,
and
made
his
Councellor
.
Leonardo
Grifo
.
Leonardo
Grifo
most
expert
in
the
affairs
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
whereupon
he
was
created
Arch-Bishop
of
this
Country
.
Thomaso
Controviero
,
a
man
of
Princely
behaviour
,
was
in
great
account
with
Paul
the
sixth
,
by
whom
he
was
created
Bishop
of
the
City
of
Penna
,
Gabriel
de
Blasio
.
Iohn
Camillo
.
Bilotta
.
S●ipio
〈◊〉
.
and
Vice-Legat
of
Bologna
,
and
had
been
advanced
to
greater
honour
if
the
death
of
the
Pope
had
not
hindred
it
.
Gabriel
de
Blasio
,
being
a
man
of
great
vertue
,
was
made
Judge
of
the
Vicaria
,
and
of
the
Kings
Councel
.
Two
men
of
the
Family
Bilotta
have
carried
great
honour
in
their
Country
,
which
florished
in
the
time
of
our
fore-fathers
,
the
one
called
Iohn
Camillo
,
the
other
S●ipio
,
of
whom
the
first
being
a
man
much
learned
in
many
Sciences
,
was
by
the
King
imployed
in
divers
honourable
affairs
,
and
was
created
the
first
Exchequer-Advocate
of
the
Vicaria
,
and
afterward
of
the
Sommaria
.
And
the
second
was
a
most
vertuous
and
a
good
man
,
and
was
general
Commissary
of
the
Kingdom
against
Malefactors
,
which
through
his
good
Government
brought
them
into
peace
and
tranquility
,
and
in
reward
had
the
Office
of
Exchequer-Advocate
of
the
Vicaria
,
which
his
brother
held
,
and
had
enjoyed
,
if
untimely
death
had
not
prevented
it
.
Hec●ore
Savariano
.
Andrea
Candido
.
The
noble
Families
of
Benevento
.
This
famous
City
hath
also
brought
forth
many
excellent
men
in
Arms
,
of
whom
omitting
to
speak
,
I
refer
the
Reader
to
the
Histories
which
largely
discourse
thereof
,
among
whom
two
have
been
very
famous
in
the
time
of
our
fore-fathers
,
as
Hectore
Savariano
a
valiant
Souldier
of
his
age
,
of
whom
Giovio
in
the
life
of
Leo
the
tenth
maketh
honourable
mention
.
And
Andrea
Candido
,
Prior
of
Barletta
,
Knight
of
the
Rodes
.
There
are
in
the
said
City
these
Noble
Families
,
Aquino
,
Avolos
,
Bilotti
,
Bottini
,
Candidi
,
Capassi
,
Calendi
,
Capobianchi
,
Caraccioli
del
Leone
,
Contestabili
,
Controvieri
,
Del'
Aquila
,
Di
Blasio
,
Di
Enea
,
Del
Sindico
,
della
Vipera
,
Egittii
,
Filingieri
,
Grisi
,
Laurentii
,
Leoni
,
Mascambroni
,
Mazzei
,
Mazzilli
,
Monforti
,
Morri
,
Pesci
,
Sallaroli
,
Savariani
,
Tu●i
,
Vico
,
Vintimiglia
,
Vitro
,
the
Arch-Bishop
of
this
City
hath
24
Bishops
his
Suffraganes
,
which
number
no
other
place
of
Christendom
hath
equalled
.
This
City
is
situate
in
a
plain
place
,
near
a
Plain
full
of
little
brooks
of
water
,
with
many
hils
round
about
very
plentifull
,
and
distant
from
Naples
30
miles
.
Writers
affirm
that
in
the
division
that
was
made
of
the
Roman
Empire
between
Charls
the
great
,
and
F.L.
Nicesero
the
Greek
,
Charls
the
great
,
and
F.L.
Nicesero
divided
the
Empire
the
year
of
our
Lord
800.
The
quality
of
the
Province
▪
the
Dukedom
of
Benevento
,
and
the
City
of
Venice
were
appointed
as
the
limits
and
confines
between
the
one
and
the
other
▪
Now
because
we
have
sufficiently
discoursed
of
Benevento
,
we
will
declare
the
quality
of
this
Country
,
the
which
although
it
be
full
of
hils
,
is
nevertheless
very
pleasant
through
the
variety
of
the
situation
,
high
,
low
,
plain
,
and
very
commodious
for
tillage
,
because
the
Country
is
wholly
inhabited
,
and
aboundeth
with
all
good
things
.
The
Hils
are
covered
with
Vines
and
fruitfull
Trees
,
the
Dales
and
Plains
with
Corn
,
and
Gardens
,
there
are
also
thick
Woods
,
and
watered
with
many
Rivers
,
and
store
of
Cattel
,
of
Corn
,
Wine
,
Oyle
,
Flax
,
Apples
,
Chesnuts
,
both
great
and
small
Nuts
,
Pears
,
and
other
fruits
of
great
goodness
and
perfection
;
whereby
in
time
of
Harvest
it
doth
appear
that
it
contends
in
equal
comparison
with
other
plentifull
Provinces
,
and
above
all
there
is
excellent
hunting
both
for
fowles
and
beasts
.
The
Aire
is
subtle
and
wholsome
although
cold
;
There
are
moreover
in
this
Country
in
the
Territory
of
Prata
,
Mines
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
which
for
that
they
yield
no
great
profit
,
are
not
much
regarded
.
Distant
from
Benevento
little
less
then
ten
miles
,
is
the
Valley
of
Caudina
,
where
was
the
ancient
City
of
Caudio
,
The
Valley
of
Caudina
.
The
City
Caudio
.
Hirpio
,
now
called
Arpaia
.
The
Gallows
of
Caudine
.
St.
Martino
.
St.
Angelo
on
Scala
.
Attavilla
.
Montefredano
.
Avellino
.
the
reliques
whereof
yet
appear
;
and
not
far
from
thence
is
the
ancient
Harpino
,
now
called
Arpata
,
which
is
very
near
to
the
Gallows
of
Caudine
,
very
famous
for
the
overthrow
which
the
Romans
had
there
,
where
the
Consul
and
the
Roman
Army
by
deceit
inclosed
,
were
constrained
by
the
Sannites
to
pass
shamefully
under
the
yoke
,
the
which
place
the
Country-people
now
call
the
streit
of
Arpaia
,
which
stands
but
a
little
distant
from
the
City
,
the
which
is
indued
with
the
dignity
of
a
Marquiss
,
subject
to
the
house
of
Guevara
.
On
the
other
side
of
the
Valley
Caudina
,
are
these
Countries
,
St.
Martino
,
St.
Angelo
a
Scala
,
afterward
cometh
the
same
River
,
which
joyneth
with
the
River
Sabato
,
which
riseth
from
Montevirgine
,
a
high
and
spacious
place
,
in
the
Valley
whereof
,
the
first
Country
which
is
there
is
Altavilla
,
afterward
is
the
Castle
of
Montefredano
,
and
near
the
Valley
is
the
ancient
City
of
Avellino
,
which
is
now
written
in
the
Exchequer
Roll
Avellinensis
,
but
in
the
Books
of
the
Roman
Court
,
Avellinus
Episcopus
;
and
the
Territory
thereof
aboundeth
with
great
store
of
small
Nuts
,
and
therefore
by
the
Latines
they
were
called
Avellanae
nuces
.
The
said
City
is
dignified
with
the
Title
of
a
Prince
,
which
the
family
Caracciola
the
Red
possesseth
.
Then
followeth
Mercuriale
,
now
called
Mercugliano
,
the
Country
of
the
holy
Hospital
of
the
Annunciation
of
Naples
;
Mercogliano
.
Montevirgine
.
and
above
that
Hill
is
the
noble
Church
and
Monastery
of
Montevirgine
of
white
Monks
,
of
the
Order
of
St.
Benedict
,
which
was
builded
in
old
time
in
honour
of
Cibele
,
mother
of
the
Gods
;
but
changed
by
the
Christians
into
the
honour
of
the
glorious
mother
of
God
our
Saviour
,
the
Virgin
Mary
,
a
place
of
so
much
beauty
and
sanctity
,
which
not
only
excelleth
in
fame
through
all
this
Kingdom
,
but
through
all
Italy
,
and
beyond
;
whereupon
at
two
several
times
of
the
year
,
that
is
to
say
at
Whitsontide
and
our
Lady
day
in
September
,
there
concurs
and
flocks
together
from
far
and
near
places
,
innumerable
people
bringing
all
sorts
of
Presents
.
This
Monastery
is
the
head
of
the
said
Congregation
of
Montevirgine
,
and
therein
are
continually
resident
200
Monks
.
In
the
Church
there
is
a
Reliquary
,
which
the
Monks
of
the
same
place
say
,
that
a
greater
is
not
in
all
Christendom
,
for
so
many
bodies
of
Saints
,
and
other
reliques
that
are
therein
,
among
which
there
are
to
be
seen
(
as
they
say
)
the
entire
bodies
of
the
three
children
which
were
put
into
the
flaming
furnace
.
There
are
other
notable
things
,
as
the
Sepulchres
of
Kings
,
and
other
Princes
.
The
Founder
of
this
holy
place
was
William
of
Vercelli
,
of
whose
life
,
manners
,
and
miracles
,
and
of
the
things
abovesaid
,
who
desireth
to
have
a
full
and
true
satisfaction
thereof
,
he
may
read
the
History
of
the
Original
of
the
notable
things
of
Montevirgine
.
Six
miles
from
Benevento
upon
a
very
high
Hill
,
is
seen
the
Country
of
Montesuscolo
,
Montesuscolo
.
where
resideth
the
Kings
Audit
of
the
Province
,
and
every
Sunday
is
held
a
Market
with
great
concourse
of
people
.
And
a
little
distant
is
the
Castle
,
and
Montemileto
,
which
hath
the
Title
of
a
County
.
Afterward
we
come
to
the
Hils
of
the
Apennine
,
which
are
called
Monti
Tremoli
,
Monte
Tremoli
.
The
River
Sabato
.
where
ariseth
the
River
Sabato
,
which
passing
by
low
places
,
in
the
end
is
joyned
with
the
River
Vulturno
.
Antonio
in
his
book
of
remembrance
,
calleth
this
River
Sabbatum
;
but
the
people
of
the
Country
name
it
the
River
of
Benevento
,
because
it
runneth
near
the
said
City
.
Afterward
we
come
to
these
Countries
,
Montefalcione
.
Candida
.
Serpito
.
Vulturara
.
Montefalcione
,
Candida
and
Serpito
;
but
above
the
high
and
difficult
mountains
,
called
Monti
Tremoli
,
above
named
,
appeareth
the
City
Vulturara
.
Above
Benevento
little
more
then
the
third
part
of
a
mile
,
runneth
the
River
Calore
into
the
River
Sabato
;
on
the
right
hand
whereof
,
which
bendeth
towards
the
Hils
and
Mountains
,
which
we
have
said
to
be
above
Benevento
,
are
these
Castles
and
Countries
,
Pia
,
Chiusano
,
the
old
Castle
,
and
a
little
above
Montella
,
an
excellent
and
goodly
Country
,
Pia.
Chiusano
.
Castello
vetere
.
Montella
.
Apice
.
indued
with
the
Title
of
a
Count.
Over
the
River
Calore
two
miles
from
Sabato
,
the
Emperor
Valentine
made
a
great
and
magnificent
Bridg
,
joyning
with
the
way
Appia
,
which
was
therefore
called
Valentino
,
which
is
now
all
ruinated
.
On
the
left
side
of
the
said
River
are
these
Countries
,
Apice
,
where
was
another
goodly
Bridg
,
which
was
joyned
with
the
said
way
Appia
,
and
then
Mirabella
,
Tauraso
,
Cursano
,
Bagnulo
,
Cassano
,
Nusco
.
Mirabella
.
Tauraso
.
Cursano
.
Bagnulo
.
Cassano
.
Nusco
.
The
River
Calore
.
The
River
〈◊〉
.
The
River
Tripalto
.
Bonito
.
Grottamenarda
.
Flumari
.
Vico.
Melito
.
Amando
.
Zuncoli
.
The
Hill
Crepacore
.
The
River
M●●scano
.
Corsano
.
Montecalvo
.
Ariano
.
Montemale
.
Casulalbor●
.
The
Freemens
Castle
.
Padula
.
S.
Iorio
.
Molinara
.
Reino
.
S.
Maria
del
Colle
.
Cercello
.
Cassano
.
St.
Croce
.
And
afterward
beginneth
the
Apennine
to
rise
,
where
springeth
the
River
Calore
,
and
on
the
other
side
of
the
Hill
in
like
sort
riseth
the
River
Ausido
,
which
the
Country
people
call
Lofanto
,
which
passeth
through
Apuglia
,
and
runneth
into
the
Adriatick
Sea
.
Then
cometh
on
the
right
hand
of
Calore
the
River
Tripalto
,
which
is
near
the
populous
Country
of
Tripalta
,
which
hath
the
honour
of
a
Dukedom
,
in
the
principal
Church
whereof
lieth
with
great
reverence
the
body
of
St.
Ipolistro
Martyr
and
Priest
.
On
the
right
side
of
the
said
River
is
a
long
and
spacious
Wood
,
called
by
the
same
name
Tripalta
,
near
the
which
on
the
side
of
this
River
are
situated
these
Countries
,
Bonito
,
Grottamenarda
,
Flumari
,
and
Vico.
On
the
left
side
of
the
said
River
is
Melito
,
Amando
,
Zuncoli
,
and
then
up
towards
the
Apennine
is
a
great
back
of
the
Hill
called
Gr●m●
,
which
through
the
great
difficulty
to
climb
up
,
is
called
Crepacore
,
upon
the
which
Hill
springeth
the
River
Moscano
,
which
runneth
into
Calore
,
in
the
same
place
where
entreth
the
River
Tripalto
.
On
the
right
hand
of
Moscano
is
Corsano
,
and
Montecalvo
,
and
in
the
distance
which
is
between
the
said
rivers
upon
a
pleasant
hill
is
the
City
of
Ariano
,
called
in
old
time
Ara
Iani
,
of
a
famous
Temple
which
was
there
,
and
dedicated
to
Ianus
.
On
the
right
side
of
Moscano
are
these
Countries
and
Castles
,
Montemale
,
Buon
,
Albergo
,
Casalalbore
,
and
the
Freemens
Castle
.
Afterward
is
to
be
seen
the
mouth
of
the
River
Tamaro
,
which
runneth
into
Calore
,
and
hath
as
great
plenty
of
water
as
any
other
above
named
;
and
between
the
said
two
Rivers
;
as
it
were
in
the
midst
,
is
Paluda
,
a
populous
and
principal
Country
,
and
somewhat
higher
on
the
right
side
of
Tamaro
are
these
Countries
and
Castles
,
Sain●●
Iorio
,
Molinara
,
Reino
,
Santa
Maria
del
Colle
,
where
died
Iacobo
Caldora
a
famous
and
a
valiant
Captain
,
Cercello
,
Cassano
,
and
Santa
Croce
.
Here
beginneth
a
mighty
great
Wood
which
incloseth
on
both
sides
the
Apennine
Hils
,
so
that
one
part
stretcheth
even
to
Fortore
,
a
River
of
Puglia
,
the
other
to
Tamaro
,
the
which
Wood
is
four
miles
in
breadth
,
and
twenty
in
length
.
On
the
left
hand
of
Tamaro
are
these
Countries
,
Pietrapulcina
,
Pavoni
,
Pestolo
,
Fragnito
,
Campolottara
,
the
Monastery
of
Giulietto
,
Morcone
,
and
in
the
Apennine
,
Supino
,
an
ancient
Country
,
whereof
Livy
maketh
mention
.
Then
followeth
Altavilla
before
named
,
which
hath
the
dignity
of
a
Count
,
subject
to
the
noble
house
of
Capoa
,
above
the
which
,
in
a
hill
of
the
Apennine
is
to
be
seen
Castellovecchio
,
near
which
riseth
the
River
Tamaro
.
Having
now
described
this
Region
▪
The
quality
and
nature
of
the
people
of
this
Province
.
it
remaineth
that
we
now
discourse
something
of
the
Inhabitants
therein
,
the
which
are
very
sturdy
and
strong
,
and
of
healthfull
complexion
,
and
all
are
exercised
and
expert
in
arms
,
and
in
learning
they
grow
excellent
which
apply
themselves
unto
it
.
But
in
Merchandize
they
are
little
imployed
,
which
so
falleth
out
because
every
man
is
contented
with
his
own
goods
.
Those
in
general
which
dwell
in
the
Country
are
attired
after
the
fashion
of
the
Neopolitans
,
but
not
the
women
,
the
which
go
diversly
apparelled
,
and
very
few
use
to
wear
a
mantle
upon
their
gown
,
they
dress
their
heads
with
base
attires
,
only
covering
them
with
a
broad
linen
cloth
,
neither
do
they
wear
pantosles
,
but
shooes
and
chopineos
.
The
natural
colour
of
the
people
inclines
more
to
white
then
a
swart
colour
,
in
reasoning
and
discoursing
they
are
very
stately
and
disdainfull
,
and
great
braggadochios
,
but
very
obedient
to
their
superiors
.
The
arms
which
this
Region
have
used
is
a
field
per
fesse
gu
.
and
argent
,
a
Crown
in
chief
or
▪
the
which
Arms
I
think
signifie
no
other
then
that
new
title
of
Prince
,
which
the
valorous
Arechi
the
second
,
The
Arms
of
this
Province
▪
the
fourteenth
Duke
of
Benevento
gave
in
the
time
that
he
subdued
the
Picentine
people
to
his
dominion
,
whereupon
by
the
field
gu
.
and
ar.
would
manifest
the
vertue
and
courage
of
this
Country
,
which
was
in
the
said
Arechi
,
and
for
the
Crown
of
Gold
,
which
little
or
nothing
differeth
from
a
regal
Crown
,
I
think
signifieth
the
new
Lordship
,
as
hath
been
declared
.
BASILICATA
,
The
Fourth
Province
of
the
Kingdom
OF
NAPLES
.
A
Part
of
Montagna
,
sometimes
named
Lucania
,
and
another
of
Puglia
,
were
in
ancient
time
called
by
one
only
name
Basilicata
,
but
from
whence
the
said
name
should
proceed
is
not
certainly
known
:
But
some
think
,
although
they
have
it
not
from
any
great
authority
,
that
this
Province
was
by
an
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
given
in
dowry
with
one
of
his
daughters
.
Others
affirm
,
and
more
probably
,
that
it
was
so
called
by
Basilio
,
a
man
very
valiant
in
Arms
,
which
in
those
daies
possest
all
these
places
,
and
from
this
Province
,
and
from
the
Country
of
Otranto
,
with
his
industry
and
valour
drove
away
the
Greeks
and
Carthaginians
that
were
established
therein
.
The
River
Silare
divideth
this
Province
from
Vestini
,
The
limits
of
the
Province
of
Basilicata
.
and
from
happy
Campania
.
It
hath
on
the
South
the
Tirrene
Sea
,
on
the
East
the
River
Lavo
,
with
the
Brutii
,
and
part
of
Magna
Gretia
,
and
on
the
North
the
Pugliesi
,
the
Pecutii
,
with
a
part
of
the
Irpini
.
These
people
Lucani
had
their
original
,
according
to
Pliny
,
from
the
Sanniti
,
which
are
now
called
Abruzzesi
;
The
Lucani
and
their
original
.
Elephants
brought
into
Italy
,
see
Pliny
lib.
8.
chap.
6.
The
fertility
of
the
Province
.
but
first
the
Possidoniati
inhabited
there
,
a
people
of
Magna
Grecia
,
afterward
the
Morgeti
,
Seculi
,
Italiani
,
Enotri
and
Pelasgi
,
and
at
length
the
said
Sanniti
were
afterward
called
Lucani
,
the
which
were
a
long
time
popularly
governed
by
themselves
,
and
were
so
called
by
Lucano
a
Captain
,
which
with
a
Colony
of
Sanniti
came
into
this
place
to
inhabit
.
The
first
Elephants
that
were
ever
seen
in
Italy
,
were
brought
hither
in
the
Wars
of
King
Pyrrhus
,
and
were
called
Lucan
Buls
,
in
respect
of
Lucania
,
which
was
in
the
year
after
the
building
of
Rome
47●
.
This
Province
is
for
the
most
part
mountainous
and
hilly
,
but
yet
very
fertile
in
all
sorts
of
grain
,
and
yieldeth
excellent
Wines
,
for
the
Vines
grow
to
a
wonderfull
greatness
,
which
proceeds
through
the
perfect
temperature
of
the
air
,
and
the
ground
where
they
are
planted
,
and
for
the
most
part
were
joyned
to
the
Oppi
,
and
embracing
and
taking
hold
of
them
,
stretch
out
their
boughs
on
every
side
,
and
in
time
of
Vintage
is
often
seen
one
only
Vine
to
be
able
to
make
a
But
or
Hogshead
of
Wine
.
Moreover
this
excellent
Country
yieldeth
in
abundance
Corn
,
Oyl
,
Hony
,
Wax
,
Annis
,
Corianders
,
Saffron
and
Bombace
,
of
which
things
the
Country
of
Tursi
,
called
in
old
time
Tarsia
,
doth
most
exceed
.
In
this
excellent
Province
through
the
delicacy
of
the
air
the
Trees
and
Roses
florish
twice
in
a
year
,
where
in
every
place
is
seen
great
abundance
of
divers
sweet
and
pleasant
fruits
;
there
are
also
most
beautifull
Gardens
,
the
which
for
so
much
as
they
are
watred
with
pleasant
Rivers
,
bring
forth
excellent
Citrons
,
Oringes
,
and
Limons
.
On
that
part
which
stretcheth
towards
the
Sea
,
the
pleasant
fields
yield
no
small
delight
to
the
beholders
thereof
,
and
all
the
year
there
is
excellent
hunting
both
for
fowls
and
beasts
.
And
it
is
no
less
plentifull
in
heards
of
Cattel
and
Hoggs
▪
wherewith
the
people
of
the
Country
make
great
store
of
Sausages
,
and
Sopressate
,
very
excellent
and
good
,
which
the
Lucan
Latinists
so
call
because
they
were
invented
by
the
Lucani
,
whereupon
Martial
thus
saith
,
Filia
Picenae
venio
Lucanica
porcae
,
Martial
lib.
1
▪
Plutibus
hinc
niveis
grata
corona
datur
.
The
Sea
thereof
aboundeth
with
excellent
Fish
,
and
yieldeth
shel-fish
of
a
delicate
and
pleasant
taste
,
which
have
within
them
an
excellent
Pearl
.
But
in
describing
the
Country
of
this
Province
,
I
will
begin
from
the
mouth
of
the
River
Sele
,
where
it
runneth
into
the
Sea
,
that
is
to
say
,
here
from
it
I
will
follow
along
the
shore
of
the
Sea
,
even
to
the
River
Lavo
,
where
it
runneth
into
the
Sea
,
afterward
I
will
describe
the
places
of
the
Medeterrane
.
Departing
then
from
the
mouth
of
Sile
,
and
walking
along
the
shore
of
the
Tirrene
Sea
we
come
to
a
place
where
was
the
Temple
of
Iuno
the
Argive
built
(
as
Strabo
affirmeth
)
by
Iason
;
and
going
from
thence
seven
miles
,
The
Temple
of
Iuno
the
Argive
.
Possidonia
.
is
the
place
where
was
Possidonia
,
by
Strabo
called
Pesto
,
which
was
built
near
the
Sea
by
the
Doresi
,
and
afterward
magnificently
inlarged
by
the
Sibariti
.
Servio
reciting
the
authority
of
Virgil
in
the
fourth
book
of
his
Georgicks
,
saith
thus
,
Biferique
rosaria
Peste
.
He
placeth
the
said
City
in
Calauria
,
wherein
he
was
deceived
,
it
standing
in
Basilicata
.
Also
Ovid
maketh
mention
of
this
City
in
his
first
book
de
arte
Amandi
,
saying
,
Caltaque
Pestanas
vincat
odore
rosas
.
The
Ancients
call
the
Gulf
of
the
Sea
which
lieth
hereby
,
Sinus
Pestanus
▪
but
now
Mariners
call
it
the
Gulf
of
Agropoli
,
and
others
of
Salerno
,
The
Gulf
of
Agr●poli
.
the
which
Gulf
beginneth
at
the
shore
of
the
Picentini
,
and
so
compasseth
even
to
the
Promontory
of
Possidoniato
.
Peste
was
called
by
the
Greeks
Possidonia
,
the
which
City
the
Ancient
ruinated
buildings
are
now
to
be
seen
half
in
the
Sea
:
little
more
then
eight
miles
farther
on
the
shore
is
to
be
seen
Agropoli
,
and
Castello
del
Abbate
,
where
is
made
the
best
Malmsie
:
directly
against
it
is
a
little
Isle
called
Leucosia
,
by
the
name
of
a
Sirene
which
did
there
inhabit
;
and
going
no
more
then
nine
miles
appeareth
Castello
amare
of
Bruca
,
with
the
large
and
spacious
Wood
,
where
was
the
ancient
Hyela
,
by
Virgil
called
Velia
.
Opposite
to
the
place
where
Velia
stood
,
Velia
.
are
in
the
Sea
to
be
seen
two
little
Islands
,
called
Enotrie
,
the
one
is
named
Pontia
,
the
other
Isacia
.
And
for
as
much
as
I
have
written
of
these
six
places
in
the
Province
of
the
Principality
on
this
side
,
I
will
speak
no
farther
thereof
,
and
especially
having
counted
them
among
the
places
of
the
said
Region
,
though
perhaps
they
rather
belong
to
Basilicata
.
A
little
farther
is
to
be
seen
Pisciotta
,
by
Strabo
called
Pyxuntum
oppidum
.
Pis●iotta
.
And
from
thence
two
miles
appeareth
the
Cape
of
Palinuro
,
named
by
the
Ancients
,
Promontorium
Palinuri
,
which
was
so
called
by
Palinuro
the
Pilot
of
Aeneas
ship
,
of
whom
Virgil
writeth
in
his
sixth
book
.
The
Cape
of
Palinuro
.
Molpa
.
Having
past
the
Cape
of
Palinuro
,
there
is
to
be
seen
upon
a
Promontory
the
ruines
of
Molpa
,
which
was
by
Bellisario
Captain
of
the
Emperor
Iustinian
destroyed
.
The
Imperial
Rock
.
Francavilla
.
Noia
.
St.
Arcangelo
.
Roccanova
.
Castellonova
.
Episcopia
.
Claramont
.
Senisi
.
Tursi
.
St.
Mauro
.
Ferrandina
.
Pesticcie
.
The
River
Vaisento
.
Metaponte
.
Entring
now
into
the
Land
from
the
Sea
a
mile
on
the
side
of
the
hill
is
to
be
seen
the
Emperial
Fortress
,
and
among
the
hils
standeth
Francavilla
,
where
is
a
sumptuous
Monastery
of
Cathusians
.
Afterward
at
the
foot
of
the
Mountain
is
Noia
;
and
farther
within
the
hils
is
St.
Arcangelo
,
Roccanova
,
Castelonova
,
and
Episcopia
,
a
Country
very
fertile
,
whereof
the
ancient
Lord
is
Francesco
Antonio
of
Porta
,
a
Gentleman
of
Salerno
,
whose
worthy
Family
was
much
ennobled
by
the
Kings
of
this
Kingdom
.
Then
followeth
Claramont
,
Senisi
,
and
the
City
Tursi
,
distant
from
the
Sea
fifteen
miles
,
and
from
the
River
Acri
two
;
and
the
said
City
hath
the
dignity
of
a
Duke
,
which
lately
King
Philip
gave
to
Don
Carlo
d'
Oria
,
the
son
of
Iohn
Andrea
Prince
of
Melfi
,
Admiral
of
the
Sea
.
A
little
farther
among
the
hils
is
St.
Mauro
and
Ferrandina
,
in
a
populous
Country
made
by
Ferrandino
the
son
of
Alfonsus
the
second
,
King
of
Naples
,
being
Duke
of
Calauria
.
Walking
yet
among
the
hils
,
appeareth
Pesticcie
;
and
returning
by
the
shore
of
the
Sea
is
the
mouth
of
the
River
Vaisento
,
where
it
falleth
into
the
Sea
;
going
a
little
farther
we
discover
a
large
and
a
goodly
Plain
,
and
half
a
mile
from
the
Sea
is
to
be
seen
the
ruines
of
the
noble
City
of
Metaponte
,
built
by
the
Pilii
,
which
came
hither
from
Troy
with
Nestor
.
Metaponte
was
destroyed
by
the
Sannites
.
In
the
said
City
dwelt
Pithagoras
a
long
time
,
where
he
died
,
which
after
his
death
the
Metapontini
made
of
his
house
a
Temple
,
and
there
adored
him
as
one
of
the
Gods
.
To
the
which
City
Ippaso
,
a
most
excellent
Philosopher
,
Disciple
to
Pithagoras
,
hath
given
much
honour
.
Now
upon
the
said
ruinated
City
is
Corn
sowed
,
and
in
the
end
of
the
Territory
thereof
(
as
Strabo
declareth
)
ended
the
limits
of
Grecia
Magna
.
Leaving
the
place
where
stood
Metaponte
four
miles
,
and
from
the
Sea
but
one
,
upon
a
place
somewhat
elevated
,
is
to
be
seen
twenty
high
and
mighty
Pillars
of
Marble
placed
in
two
ranks
,
which
the
Country
people
say
that
there
was
the
School
of
Archita
the
Tarantine
,
and
passing
within
the
Country
is
the
River
Vasente
,
Pomarico
.
Miglionico
.
Grott●la
.
Montescagioso
.
The
River
Bradano
.
Tricarico
.
Montepeloso
.
Venosa
.
and
two
miles
from
the
said
River
,
at
the
foot
of
the
hill
is
Pomarico
a
good
Country
,
and
the
hill
Miglionico
,
and
six
miles
distant
stands
Grottola
,
adorned
with
the
dignity
of
a
Marquisat
,
the
Lord
thereof
is
Alfonso
Sances
Decano
,
one
of
the
Councel
of
State
;
and
going
not
far
is
Grassano
,
and
Montescagioso
.
Within
a
mile
of
Bradano
.
Descending
towards
the
Sea
at
the
foot
of
the
Hils
appeareth
Tricarico
,
a
very
honourable
and
beautifull
City
;
and
ascending
up
the
Hils
is
the
City
of
Montepeloso
.
And
ten
miles
from
hence
following
the
right
side
of
the
River
Bradano
,
is
the
City
of
Venosa
,
called
by
Pliny
,
Venusia
;
Patercolo
writeth
,
that
it
was
a
Colony
of
the
Romans
,
Can●sa
.
the
which
Livy
confirmeth
,
which
was
in
the
year
552.
under
the
Consulship
of
P.
Galba
,
and
C.
Cotta
,
Horace
that
eloquent
Lirical
Poet
hath
given
much
honour
to
this
City
,
it
is
adorned
with
the
dignity
of
a
Prince
,
subject
to
the
Family
Gesvalda
.
From
it
fifteen
miles
appeareth
Canoso
,
whether
Terentio
Varonne
the
Roman
Consul
did
retire
with
fifty
of
the
remainder
of
the
Cavaliery
at
that
famous
overthrow
which
Hannibal
gave
to
the
Romans
at
Canna
,
Lavello
.
where
L
:
Paulo
Emilio
the
other
Consul
was
slain
.
Potenza
.
Six
miles
after
appeareth
Lavella
,
which
hath
the
Title
of
a
Marquisat
,
subject
to
the
Family
of
Tufo
;
then
cometh
Potenza
,
a
populous
and
rich
City
upon
the
Apennine
,
to
the
which
Sebastian
Barnaba
a
Neopolitan
Gentleman
the
Bishop
thereof
,
now
giveth
no
small
ornament
,
a
Prelat
of
sincere
life
,
and
indued
with
great
learning
.
The
said
City
hath
been
a
long
time
possest
with
the
Title
of
a
Count
by
the
House
of
Gevara
,
Melfi
.
which
through
defect
of
issue
male
,
is
now
conveyed
to
the
Family
of
Noia
Prince
of
Sulmona
.
Going
on
the
left
side
is
seen
the
noble
and
rich
City
of
Melfi
,
Stigliano
.
from
whence
Iohn
Andrea
d'Oria
Admiral
of
the
Sea
by
the
grace
and
favour
of
King
Philip
hath
the
Title
of
Prince
,
a
Noble
man
,
well
experienced
in
Sea
affairs
,
and
very
honourable
.
And
following
the
same
way
is
Spinazzola
,
and
not
far
off
is
Stigliano
,
which
hath
the
Title
of
a
Prince
,
The
condition
of
the
Inhabiters
of
this
Province
.
which
Lewis
Carrafa
Duke
of
Mondragone
enjoyeth
,
a
very
rich
Lord
,
and
much
affected
to
Poetry
.
Coming
now
to
a
conclusion
of
this
Province
,
the
which
produceth
tall
and
strong
men
,
with
black
hairs
,
azured
eyes
,
and
of
a
white
complexion
,
and
generally
all
are
accustomed
to
cut
their
beards
very
short
,
and
also
the
hair
on
their
heads
,
their
manners
and
conditions
are
divers
,
and
in
their
Apparel
somewhat
base
and
rude
,
except
those
which
inhabit
in
the
City
,
which
go
very
civil
,
and
have
good
behaviour
and
conversation
,
but
the
common
people
are
very
rustical
and
barbarous
,
they
imploy
themselvs
to
nothing
but
tillage
and
hunting
,
and
wrestling
,
and
all
practice
Arms
,
in
so
much
as
there
is
not
a
child
that
knows
not
how
to
discharge
a
Pistol
and
Caliver
.
They
little
apply
themselves
to
learning
.
The
women
are
not
fair
,
and
basely
attired
without
any
ornament
or
handsomness
,
but
very
painfull
,
and
carry
great
burthens
upon
their
heads
.
The
Arms
of
this
Province
is
or
,
a
fesse
,
counterindented
asure
voided
of
the
field
,
The
Arms
of
this
Province
.
in
chief
an
Eagles
head
arrached
proper
and
crowned
of
the
first
,
which
arms
signifie
the
victory
which
the
Lucani
had
,
having
expel'd
and
driven
away
all
the
Greeks
out
of
their
Country
,
whereupon
the
Lieutenant
of
the
Emperor
of
Constantinople
flying
with
other
Captains
,
were
drowned
in
the
River
Bradano
.
CALAURIA
,
On
this
side
the
Fifth
Province
of
the
Kingdom
OF
NAPLES
.
TOwards
the
South
in
the
utmost
Confines
of
the
Kingdom
,
lieth
the
ancient
Province
of
Calauria
,
in
the
South
part
of
Italy
,
included
within
the
Terrene
,
Sicilian
,
and
Ionian
Seas
,
like
the
figure
of
a
beast
with
six
heads
,
and
is
in
circuit
544
miles
.
In
this
excellent
and
fruitfull
Province
grows
almost
all
things
,
not
only
necessary
for
the
sustenance
of
living
creatures
,
The
fertility
of
Calauria
.
but
also
for
the
delights
and
pleasures
thereof
.
It
is
all
full
of
pleasant
and
fruitfull
Hils
,
Mountains
and
Vallies
:
the
fields
are
like
those
of
Campania
felix
,
they
are
watred
with
Springs
and
Christaline
Fountains
.
Here
is
had
all
sorts
of
Corn
,
sundry
Wines
,
The
divers
Mines
in
Calauria
.
and
in
great
abundance
,
all
kinds
of
Fruits
,
Oyle
,
Sugar
,
Hony
,
Wax
,
Saffron
,
Bombace
,
Annis
and
Coriander
seeds
.
There
groweth
Gum
,
Pitch
,
Turpentine
,
and
liquid
Storax
.
In
former
time
it
was
never
without
Mettals
,
but
at
this
present
it
doth
much
abound
,
having
in
most
places
divers
sorts
of
Mines
,
as
Gold
,
Silver
,
Iron
,
Marble
,
Alabaster
,
Cristal
,
Marchesite
,
three
sorts
of
white
Chaulk
,
Virmilion
,
Alume
,
Brimstone
,
and
the
Adamant
stone
,
which
being
in
the
fifth
degree
,
draweth
not
Iron
,
and
is
in
colour
black
.
There
groweth
hemp
and
slax
of
two
sorts
,
the
one
called
the
male
,
the
other
the
female
:
There
falleth
Manna
from
heaven
,
truly
a
thing
very
rare
;
and
although
there
is
not
gathered
such
abundance
of
Silk
,
yet
I
dare
say
there
is
not
had
so
much
in
all
Italy
besides
.
There
are
also
Bathes
,
both
hot
,
luke-warm
,
and
cold
,
to
cure
many
diseases
.
Near
the
Seaside
,
and
likewise
on
the
Mediterrane
are
goodly
Gardens
full
of
Oringes
,
Citrons
,
and
Limons
of
divers
sorts
,
it
is
watered
with
many
Rivers
.
There
are
on
the
hils
of
the
Apennine
,
thick
Woods
of
high
Firrs
,
Holms
,
Platanes
,
Oaks
,
where
grows
the
white
odoriferous
Mushrome
which
shineth
in
the
night
.
Here
is
bred
the
soft
stone
Frigia
,
which
every
month
yields
a
delicate
and
wholsome
Gum
,
and
the
stone
Aetites
,
by
us
called
the
stone
Aquilina
.
In
this
Province
there
is
excellent
hunting
of
divers
creatures
,
as
wild
Hoggs
,
Staggs
,
Goats
,
Hares
,
Foxes
,
Porcupines
,
Marmosets
.
There
are
also
ravenous
beasts
,
as
Wolves
,
Bears
,
The
excellent
hunting
in
Calauria
.
Lyzards
,
which
are
quick-sighted
,
and
have
the
hinder
parts
spotted
with
divers
colours
.
This
kind
of
Beast
was
brought
from
France
to
Rome
in
the
sports
of
Pompey
the
great
,
and
Hunters
affirm
this
Beast
to
be
of
so
frail
a
memory
,
that
although
he
eateth
with
hunger
,
if
he
chance
to
look
back
,
remembreth
no
more
his
meat
,
and
departing
searcheth
for
other
.
The
Sea
then
which
lyeth
upon
this
happy
Country
,
aboundeth
with
great
store
of
excellent
fish
,
and
in
many
places
grows
both
white
and
red
Coral
,
and
near
the
shore
is
found
the
Touch-stone
which
trieth
Gold
and
Silver
from
all
other
Mettals
.
This
Province
is
of
greater
antiquity
then
any
other
in
all
Italy
,
because
it
was
begun
to
be
inhabited
before
the
floud
by
Aschenaza
the
son
of
Gomero
,
the
Nephews
of
Noe
,
into
which
place
being
come
where
now
is
Regio
,
through
the
amenity
and
temperature
of
the
aire
very
delightfull
,
made
there
his
habitation
,
and
founded
a
City
which
by
his
own
name
he
called
Aschenaza
,
and
the
inhabiters
thereof
were
called
Aschenazei
;
which
that
it
may
seem
true
,
Iosephus
which
lived
in
the
time
of
the
Emperor
Titus
,
in
his
first
book
of
Jewish
antiquities
testifieth
saying
,
Aschenaz
inslituit
Aschenazeos
,
qui
nunc
Rhegini
vocantur
à
Graecis
.
The
same
also
St.
Ierome
confirmeth
in
his
Hebrew
questions
upon
Genesis
saying
,
Aschenas
Graeci
Rheginos
vocant
.
The
like
name
of
a
City
was
not
heard
of
among
any
other
people
except
that
in
Calauria
,
the
which
City
was
afterward
by
the
overthrow
called
of
the
Greeks
Rhegium
;
Sicilia
being
in
the
same
place
divided
from
Italy
through
the
violence
of
an
Earthquake
.
Calauria
was
called
by
sundry
names
,
at
the
first
it
was
called
Ausonia
by
the
valiant
Ausonii
,
The
sundry
names
of
Calauria
.
the
inhabiters
thereof
,
or
as
some
affirm
by
Ausono
the
son
of
Vlisses
,
it
was
afterward
by
the
Oriental
Greeks
called
Hesperia
,
because
it
is
situate
in
the
West
.
Five
hundred
sixty
seven
years
before
the
destruction
of
Troy
it
was
called
Enotria
by
Enotro
of
Arcadia
,
which
with
a
Colony
came
to
inhabit
in
the
middle
of
Ausonia
,
The
City
Pandesia
.
King
Italo
:
where
he
builded
many
Cities
,
the
principal
whereof
was
Pandosia
:
This
name
of
Ausonia
continued
many
and
many
years
,
untill
Italo
was
by
the
Enotri
created
King
,
from
whom
they
named
the
said
Region
Italia
.
This
Italo
being
a
man
very
ingenious
,
taught
the
Enotri
the
manner
to
till
and
ear
the
ground
,
and
to
shear
their
sheep
,
and
lived
but
nineteen
years
,
and
left
Morgete
his
son
heir
of
the
Kingdom
,
the
which
ordained
that
by
his
name
Italy
should
be
called
Morgetia
.
King
Morgete
.
Morgete
dead
,
and
the
people
not
contented
to
continue
his
name
,
in
as
much
as
he
was
odious
unto
them
,
the
name
of
Italy
was
renewed
again
,
Why
it
was
called
Magna
Grecia
.
and
they
called
the
Country
Italia
,
the
which
name
continued
a
long
time
untill
the
Greeks
came
to
inhabit
there
;
and
then
they
called
it
Magna
Gretia
,
for
the
frequency
of
the
great
number
of
learned
Scholars
which
came
thither
to
hear
the
Philosopher
Pithagoras
;
but
as
the
Poet
Archilao
saith
,
t●was
so
called
through
the
great
multitude
of
Greeks
which
inhabited
there
,
being
drawn
through
the
fertility
and
pleasures
of
this
Countrey
;
whereupon
Ovid
in
his
fourth
book
de
factis
thus
saith
,
Itala
nam
tellus
Graecia
major
erat
.
It
was
afterward
by
the
latter
Greeks
,
which
came
thither
to
inhabit
called
Calauria
,
which
in
our
tongue
signifieth
abundance
of
all
good
things
,
Why
it
was
c●lled
Calauria
.
and
truly
so
is
it
,
because
there
is
no
place
,
I
will
say
not
only
in
all
Italy
,
but
in
all
Europe
,
that
may
contend
with
this
,
there
being
not
any
thing
necessary
for
the
life
of
man
,
or
which
may
yield
delight
,
that
is
not
in
great
abundance
,
and
with
all
perfection
:
so
that
corresponding
in
every
part
,
the
effects
agree
with
the
name
thereof
,
as
plainly
appears
,
that
nature
it self
cannot
be
more
delighted
in
it self
,
yielding
so
many
benefits
as
any
Country
whatsoever
.
All
this
Country
was
devided
by
the
Apennine
into
two
parts
,
The
ancient
situation
of
Calauria
.
and
that
part
which
was
toward
the
Ionian
Sea
was
called
Magna
Grecia
,
the
which
also
contained
a
part
of
Lucania
(
now
called
Basilicata
)
and
did
stretch
from
Regio
even
to
Taranto
.
The
other
part
was
by
the
Greeks
called
Bretia
,
from
Bretio
the
son
of
Hercules
,
and
of
the
Latines
Brutia
,
Bretia
.
The
river
Laus
and
stretched
from
Regio
to
the
River
Laus
,
now
called
Laino
.
It
hath
lately
been
divided
by
the
Kings
Court
into
two
Provinces
▪
whereof
the
one
is
called
Calauria
on
this
side
,
the
other
Calauria
on
the
other
side
;
that
on
this
side
containeth
a
great
part
of
Magna
Grecia
,
and
of
the
Brutii
,
and
endeth
with
Basilicata
;
and
from
the
one
side
where
is
the
head
of
the
River
Acri
,
and
of
the
other
where
runneth
the
River
Lavo
,
stretcheth
from
one
sea
to
the
other
,
except
that
part
which
lieth
in
the
East
,
and
is
joyned
with
Calauria
on
the
other
side
.
As
touching
those
people
which
dwell
upon
the
Tirrene
Sea
,
where
the
Brutii
in
old
time
inhabited
,
are
both
in
nature
and
manners
more
temperate
and
staid
then
those
near
the
Ionian
Sea
,
who
are
more
fierce
and
craftie
,
as
also
their
colour
bewraieth
,
for
the
other
are
white
and
red
,
these
dark
and
brown
.
And
for
so
much
by
the
Kings
Court
it
is
divided
into
two
parts
(
as
hath
been
said
)
in
the
superior
and
inferior
,
in
the
one
is
the
Cape
Cosenza
,
in
the
other
Catanzaro
;
the
one
hath
30
Cities
,
the
other
16.
and
in
all
three
hundred
sixty
seven
with
Countries
and
Castles
.
But
entring
into
the
particular
description
of
Calauria
on
this
side
,
having
past
the
River
Turbolo
,
the
ancient
bounds
of
the
people
Lucani
,
there
appeareth
Turture
,
in
the
Territory
whereof
grow
many
Sugar
Canes
;
almost
opposite
standeth
the
Isle
of
Dimi
,
Scalea
,
and
the
River
Lavo
,
The
River
Turbolo
.
The
Isle
of
Dim
.
Scalea
.
Lanio
.
even
where
the
ancient
Lucani
did
arrive
:
Then
followeth
Cerella
,
Belvedere
,
Bonifati
and
Citracro
,
where
are
often
made
many
Vessels
through
the
great
commodity
of
Timber
,
and
Pitch
,
whereof
that
Country
doth
much
abound
;
within
upon
the
banks
of
Lavo
,
is
the
City
of
Lanio
,
built
upon
the
ruines
of
the
ancient
Lau
,
and
the
said
City
is
honoured
with
the
dignity
of
a
Marquiss
,
subject
to
the
Family
of
Cardin●s
:
Not
far
off
is
Campotenese
,
which
had
this
word
from
the
ancient
Temesini
;
having
been
their
Territory
.
On
the
right
hand
is
the
Hill
Apillonio
,
where
is
such
plenty
of
excellent
Pasture
,
that
the
best
Cheese
is
there
made
in
all
those
parts
;
The
Hill
Apollonio
.
on
the
left
side
is
Morano
,
a
populous
and
a
rich
Country
,
which
Antonio
Pio
,
in
his
Commentaries
calleth
Summuranum
,
where
is
made
excellent
Cloth
,
Morano
.
and
every
year
there
is
a
Fair
with
great
concourse
of
people
there
about
;
the
Territory
thereof
is
very
fruitfull
and
fertile
,
and
there
is
made
very
fine
Silk
,
and
Manna
gathered
,
and
on
the
Hill
there
are
infinite
store
of
excellent
simples
.
Not
far
distant
from
the
said
Country
springeth
the
River
Sybari
,
where
was
the
ancient
Syphei
,
the
ruies
are
to
be
seen
,
whereof
Livy
maketh
mention
.
The
River
Sibari
.
Going
thence
four
miles
is
Saracena
,
in
a
good
Country
,
called
by
Stefano
,
Sestium
,
which
was
built
by
the
Enotri
,
in
whose
Territory
is
made
singular
Wine
,
Saracena
.
and
excellent
Oyle
;
it
hath
besides
Mines
of
Gold
,
and
of
Lead
,
of
Alabaster
and
Cristal
.
Near
hand
about
five
miles
distant
is
to
be
seen
the
ancient
Country
of
Altemonth
,
called
Balbia
,
which
is
not
certainly
known
,
whether
it
was
built
by
the
Ausoni
,
or
Enotri
.
Altomonte
.
The
Wines
which
are
there
made
have
a
very
delicate
taste
,
whereof
Pliny
in
his
14
book
much
commends
,
and
prefers
before
all
the
Wines
of
Calauria
,
from
whence
in
their
most
costly
and
sumptuous
banquets
was
alwaies
the
Wine
of
Balbano
.
And
Atheneo
making
mention
thereof
in
his
first
book
,
thus
writeth
,
Vinum
Balbinum
generosum
,
&
admodum
austerum
,
&
semper
seipso
melius
nascitur
.
In
the
principal
Church
of
this
Country
lieth
with
much
reverence
the
body
of
St.
Paolo
of
Malta
,
brother
of
St.
Dominico
.
There
are
in
the
said
Territory
natural
Hils
of
white
salt
,
Hils
of
Salt
.
and
they
are
no
otherwise
cut
then
if
they
were
stones
,
and
there
is
Alabaster
,
and
two
rich
Mines
of
Gold
,
of
Silver
,
and
Iron
,
and
the
Azured
Lazul
stone
.
And
at
the
foot
of
the
Apennine
in
the
Territory
thereof
groweth
Cristal
,
and
white
Chalk
;
and
the
River
Grondo
passeth
through
the
said
Territory
,
being
very
full
of
Eeles
and
Trouts
.
This
Country
was
given
with
the
Title
of
a
Count
in
the
year
1462.
by
King
Ferrant
of
Arragonia
to
Luca
Sanseverino
Prince
of
Basignano
,
which
now
in
the
said
house
is
maintained
.
Next
after
followeth
the
City
of
St.
Mark
,
called
by
the
Latines
Argentanum
;
St.
Mark
.
and
a
little
distant
is
the
ancient
City
Meluito
,
so
called
for
the
plenty
of
Vines
which
grow
there
;
but
in
old
time
it
was
called
Temesa
,
in
which
place
by
the
providence
of
God
haunted
an
evil
spirit
a
long
time
for
the
death
of
Hippolitus
the
companion
of
Vlysses
,
which
was
there
slain
against
all
humanity
;
A
Proverb
.
whereupon
rose
the
Proverb
among
the
Ancients
,
Aderit
genius
Temeseus
.
Noting
hereby
that
Gods
vengeance
never
faileth
to
reward
such
wickedness
,
if
by
humane
means
it
be
not
punished
.
The
said
City
was
built
by
the
Ausoni
,
which
Strabo
affirmeth
in
his
sixth
book
,
saying
,
Alao
prima
urbs
Brettiae
Tempsa
,
quam
Auxonii
condiderunt
,
nostrae
autem
aetatis
homines
Tempsam
etiam
vocitant
.
Temesa
was
a
Bishops
Sea
,
as
appeareth
in
the
Councels
,
when
Hillary
the
Bishop
thereof
came
to
the
fourth
Roman
Sinod
under
the
Popedom
of
Agathon
.
And
the
Territory
thereof
is
very
fat
and
fertile
,
and
yieldeth
excellent
Wine
,
Oyle
,
Hony
,
fine
Silk
,
Grain
,
and
other
Corn
,
and
all
kinds
of
Fruits
,
and
from
heaven
descendeth
Manna
,
Foscaldo
▪
and
there
is
made
great
store
of
Bird-lime
and
Glue
.
Hard
by
is
Foscaldo
,
where
is
great
abundance
of
Sugar
,
Hony
,
Wine
,
Corn
,
and
other
Fruits
.
The
said
Country
is
honoured
with
the
dignity
of
a
Marquiss
.
A
little
higher
is
the
Country
of
Lattarico
,
which
by
Livy
is
called
Hetriculum
;
Lattarico
.
Torano
.
Regina
.
hard
by
standeth
Torano
,
and
Regina
,
called
in
old
time
Herinium
,
built
by
the
Enotri
,
in
whose
Territory
is
made
great
abundance
of
Oyle
,
there
is
also
Mines
of
Brimstone
,
Saltpeter
,
and
Alabaster
;
and
a
little
farther
is
situate
the
City
Montalto
,
by
Barrio
called
Vffugium
,
it
had
sometimes
a
Bishops
Sea
,
Montalto
.
which
dignity
was
joyned
to
Cosenza
.
It
hath
a
good
Territory
,
which
yieldeth
Grain
,
Oyle
,
and
other
Fruits
,
and
there
is
made
great
abundance
of
Silk
,
there
is
also
Alabaster
,
and
Brimstone
,
and
every
year
there
is
a
very
great
Fair.
It
hath
the
dignity
of
a
Dukedom
,
the
Lady
whereof
is
the
Lady
Mary
of
Arragon
,
in
whom
endeth
the
line
of
old
Alfonsus
of
Arragon
,
King
of
Naples
,
the
which
State
by
marriage
fell
into
the
Family
of
Moncada
.
Going
now
towards
the
Sea
we
may
behold
Paula
,
a
name
corrupted
,
derived
from
ancient
Patycos
,
Paula
.
very
famoms
for
being
the
natural
Country
of
St.
Francis
,
the
Author
of
the
Order
of
the
Minimi
;
hard
by
is
St.
Nocito
,
very
famous
for
the
excellent
sweet
Wine
;
St.
Nocito
.
then
cometh
Castellofranco
,
with
the
River
Campagnano
,
Castellofranco
.
called
in
old
time
Acheronte
,
where
was
slain
(
even
as
he
was
foretold
by
the
Oracle
)
Alexander
,
King
of
Molossi
,
mean
while
he
not
understanding
the
cautions
of
the
devil
,
The
death
of
Alexander
King
of
Molossi
foretold
by
the
Oracle
.
rested
secure
,
having
avoided
another
River
of
the
same
name
in
Epiro
.
The
words
of
the
Oracle
were
these
,
Aeacida
cave
accedas
ad
aquam
Acherusiam
,
Et
Pandasiam
,
quod
ibi
tibi
laetum
decretum
est
.
Near
hand
is
seen
Cerisano
,
called
in
old
time
Citerium
;
and
upon
the
side
of
the
River
Crati
,
and
of
Basenta
is
the
famous
City
Consenza
,
full
of
people
,
rich
,
and
very
ancient
;
Cerisano
.
Cosenza
.
it
was
a
Colony
of
the
Lucani
,
in
old
time
it
was
the
chief
City
of
the
Brutii
,
but
now
the
head
of
this
Province
.
The
said
City
is
situate
between
hils
and
dales
,
it
hath
before
it
a
great
Plain
which
stretcheth
very
near
forty
miles
,
and
is
called
the
Villey
of
Crati
,
it
is
compassed
with
85
Hamlets
or
Villages
,
which
for
the
most
part
are
very
great
.
It
aboundeth
in
all
things
which
may
be
desired
either
for
profit
or
humane
pleasure
;
it
hath
brought
forth
many
excellent
men
,
and
among
others
,
the
Abbot
Giacchino
,
indued
(
as
Dant
saith
)
with
a
prophetical
spirit
,
who
was
of
one
of
the
Villages
of
Cosenza
,
called
Celico
.
St.
Thelesphoro
,
Iano
Parassio
,
Antonio
Telesio
,
Iohn
Baptista
d'Amico
,
Coriolano
Marticano
,
and
Berardino
Martirano
,
which
was
also
Secretary
of
the
Kingdom
,
Pi●tropaolo
Parisio
,
a
famous
Doctor
of
Law
,
which
was
made
Cardinal
by
Pope
Paul
the
third
,
Borardino
Telesio
,
which
writ
against
the
Philosophy
of
Aristotle
,
Iohn
Maria
Barnauda
,
Sertario
Quattromani
,
Giovanpaolo
d'
Aquino
,
Prospero
Parisio
,
and
Iacobo
of
Gaeta
.
In
this
City
are
these
noble
families
,
Abenante
,
Aquino
,
Andriotto
,
Aloe
,
Amico
,
Arnoni
,
Alimena
,
Arduino
,
Barono
,
Bernando
,
Beccuto
,
Bombino
,
Bonconto
,
Britto
,
Bovi
,
Bonaccursi
,
Cavalcante
,
Ciacci
,
Caputo
,
Casella
,
Cozzi
,
Cicala
,
Caroleo
,
Curatore
,
Celso
,
Clavelli
,
Dattil●
,
Donato
,
Domanico
,
F●rrao
,
Farrao
d'
Epaminonda
,
Farrao
d'
Antonello
,
Fera
,
Favoro
,
Figlino
,
Franza
,
Gaeta
,
Gaeta
d'
Marc.
Antonio
,
Garofalo
,
Giannochiri
,
Gaeli
,
Gioanni
,
Giaccino
,
Gadi
,
Longo
,
Longobuccho
,
Migliar●se
,
Marano
,
Monaco
,
Martorano
,
Maurello
,
Minardo
,
Moyi
,
Materi
,
Massaro
,
Mirabello
,
Mangoni
,
Nero
,
Poglisi
,
Peloso
,
Pellegrino
,
Pascale
,
Passalacqua
,
Poerio
,
Parisi
di
Ruggiero
,
Parisi
di
Mario
,
Pantuso
,
Quottromani
,
Roccho
Ruggiero
,
Rangi
,
Russo
,
Scaglione
,
Spatasora
,
Ser●alo
,
della
Motta
,
Sersale
di
Guido
,
Sambiase
,
Spirito
,
Sirisanto
,
Spina
,
Sanf●lice
,
Stocca
,
Tilesio
,
Testo
,
Toscano
,
Tarsii
,
Tirello
,
Velle
,
and
others
.
The
Arms
of
this
City
is
seven
Hils
vert
,
in
a
field
or
.
From
hence
on
the
right
hand
lieth
the
Wood
Brutiana
,
which
the
people
of
the
Country
call
for
the
excellency
thereof
Sila
,
not
so
hideous
and
terrible
in
Winter
through
continual
snow
and
ice
,
as
it
is
pleasant
and
delightfull
in
Summer
,
The
Wood
Sila
.
where
the
fresh
and
cheerfull
air
,
with
many
Rivers
full
of
excellent
fish
,
and
the
divers
sports
of
fowling
,
and
hunting
of
wild
beasts
,
and
the
infinite
heards
of
Cattel
which
there
seed
upon
the
plentifull
fruits
thereof
,
represent
in
effect
that
which
the
Poets
feign
of
their
Arcadia
.
Not
far
distant
lieth
Carolei
,
called
by
the
Latines
Ixias
,
built
by
the
Enotri
.
And
walking
a
little
farther
appeareth
Bisignano
,
Bisignano
.
a
good
and
plentifull
City
,
much
inhabited
,
which
hath
the
Title
of
a
Principality
subject
to
the
Family
Sanseverina
.
Stifano
calleth
this
City
Besidia
,
which
according
to
Barrio
was
built
by
the
Ansoni
;
and
very
near
lieth
Tarsia
,
called
Capresis
.
Returning
towards
the
Sea
we
come
into
these
Countries
,
Fiumefreddo
,
Bello-monte
,
Tarsia
.
Fiumefreddo
.
Bellomonte
.
Amontea
.
and
the
City
Amontea
,
which
was
an
Episcopal
Seat
,
but
now
united
with
the
Church
of
Trop●ia
.
A
little
farther
is
Aiello
,
called
by
Bario
,
Tylesium
,
which
hath
a
strong
Castle
,
and
a
fruitfull
Territory
,
with
a
Wood
where
is
great
sport
in
the
hunting
of
divers
living
creatures
.
This
Country
holdeth
the
Title
of
a
Marquiss
,
and
the
Lord
thereof
is
Alberico
Cybo
,
Prince
of
Massa
,
Aiello
.
no
less
worthy
of
honour
for
his
Learning
then
his
Chivaldri
.
Near
to
Aiello
is
the
Hill
Cocuzzo
,
where
it
seemeth
that
the
Apennine
exceeds
it self
in
height
.
Then
followeth
Martirano
corrupted
from
the
ancient
name
of
Mamerto
,
whose
Citizens
shewed
themselves
no
less
faithfull
to
the
people
of
Rome
,
then
valiant
in
Arms
,
Marti●an●
.
they
only
fighting
with
Pyrrhus
,
one
of
the
best
Souldiers
of
the
world
,
the
which
they
performed
so
couragiously
,
that
Pyrrhus
being
mindfull
of
the
valour
of
the
Brutii
,
and
of
the
death
of
his
Alexandro
,
durst
not
any
farther
hazard
his
fortune
.
From
thence
afterward
lieth
on
the
side
of
the
Sea
,
Nocera
,
Nocera
.
the
reliques
of
the
ancient
Terinia
,
which
was
destroyed
by
Hannibal
,
they
being
not
able
to
defend
it
:
and
here
runneth
(
according
as
the
Ancients
affirm
)
Ligia
,
one
of
the
Sirenes
upon
the
mouth
of
the
River
Saccuto
.
Then
followeth
Castiglione
,
Castiglione
.
the
Cape
of
Subero
,
where
Pyrrhus
disbarked
himself
coming
from
Sicilia
;
after
cometh
St.
Eusemia
,
which
Stephano
saith
is
called
Lametia
,
where
is
a
Gulf
so
named
,
very
full
of
Coral
,
and
the
best
Tunny
;
and
a
little
distant
lieth
Nicastro
,
and
here
the
Emperor
Frederick
Barbarossa
made
for
delight
and
pleasure
,
St.
Eusemia
.
Nicastro
.
convenient
Baths
,
and
excellent
hunting
both
for
wild
beasts
and
fowles
,
the
first
which
began
in
Italy
to
be
delighted
in
hauking
with
Falcons
,
which
in
former
time
was
unknown
,
although
some
write
that
Anasilao
was
the
first
.
Not
very
far
is
Tiriolo
,
the
reliques
of
old
Tirio
,
Tiriolo
.
where
the
Apennine
is
drawn
into
so
narrow
a
point
,
that
the
rain-water
which
descendeth
from
the
ridg
of
some
one
house
,
falleth
on
the
left
side
into
the
Terrene
Sea
,
and
on
the
right
into
the
Adriatick
.
And
coming
now
to
an
end
of
this
Province
,
which
hath
for
the
Arms
thereof
,
a
Cross
bastonesa
,
in
a
field
Ar.
the
which
Ensignes
and
Arms
had
its
original
in
the
time
that
Boemundo
the
Norman
,
The
Arms
of
this
Province
.
Duke
of
Calauria
came
with
twelve
thousand
choice
souldiers
in
aid
of
the
holy
Land
,
whereby
through
his
prowesse
and
valour
was
afterward
made
Prince
of
Antioche
,
and
forsomuch
as
the
enterprise
was
very
famous
and
honourable
,
therefore
I
believe
the
said
Province
gave
these
Arms
,
representing
thereby
the
great
Voyage
which
the
said
Duke
made
.
CALAURIA
,
On
the
other
side
the
Sixth
Province
of
the
Kingdom
OF
NAPLES
.
CALAVRIA
on
the
other
side
,
is
a
Province
which
containeth
a
good
part
of
Magna
Grecia
,
and
of
the
Brutii
,
and
passeth
from
the
one
and
the
other
side
of
the
Apennine
,
to
the
Ionian
and
Terrene
Seas
,
and
is
divided
from
Calauria
on
this
side
by
the
Mediterrane
above
Cosenza
,
going
by
a
direct
line
to
the
one
and
the
other
Sea
,
into
the
Ionian
near
Stromboli
,
and
into
the
Terrene
at
the
Gulf
Ipponiate
,
which
is
the
Gulf
of
St.
Eufemia
,
and
these
are
only
the
Confines
of
the
said
Province
where
the
Brutii
sometimes
inhabited
:
From
that
part
which
lieth
towards
the
North
,
except
a
little
,
is
wholly
compassed
with
the
Sea
;
on
the
East
is
the
Ionian
,
on
the
South
Sicilia
,
and
on
the
West
the
Terrene
,
which
is
the
utmost
limits
of
the
Kingdom
.
It
is
partly
plain
,
The
fertility
of
this
Province
.
and
partly
mountainous
;
it
hath
fair
and
fruitfull
Hils
,
Woods
,
Rivers
,
and
Fountains
,
great
plenty
of
Corn
,
Vine
,
Olives
,
and
every
other
thing
necessary
for
the
sustenance
of
living
creatures
:
There
are
horses
and
heards
of
cattel
very
plentifull
,
and
great
abundance
of
woll
,
and
of
the
best
and
finest
silk
.
In
this
Province
are
pits
of
gold
,
of
silver
,
and
great
plenty
almost
of
all
mettals
;
it
hath
many
hot
baths
which
cure
divers
infirmities
,
and
to
conclude
,
it
is
a
Country
indued
with
all
good
things
,
for
the
which
it
may
be
called
a
most
happy
Region
.
The
men
of
this
Country
▪
as
also
of
all
Calauria
,
after
other
ancient
names
which
they
had
,
were
called
Bretii
,
Brutii
,
why
they
were
so
called
.
and
they
were
so
called
from
Brettio
the
son
of
Hercoles
,
as
Stephano
writeth
in
his
book
of
the
City
,
and
Ermolao
upon
Stephano
;
and
as
it
appeareth
by
many
Greek
Monuments
,
which
are
declared
with
great
Learning
by
Pierio
Valeriano
,
and
by
many
Antiquaries
.
Iustine
and
Trogo
say
that
they
were
called
Brutii
,
of
Brutia
a
maid
.
Iohn
Annio
affirmeth
that
they
were
so
called
by
Bruto
Ombrone
a
most
valiant
Captain
.
The
error
of
some
writers
about
the
name
Brutii
:
Calepino
and
Nicholas
Perotto
say
they
are
called
Brutii
,
A
Brutis
moribus
;
but
this
is
a
vain
thing
,
and
an
idle
conjecture
of
them
.
Guarino
not
well
understanding
Strabo
,
addeth
to
his
translation
many
things
of
his
own
conceit
,
Strabo
saying
that
Brutii
fuerunt
rebelles
Lucanorum
,
he
addeth
here
that
they
were
fugitives
,
a
name
which
was
given
to
servants
;
but
we
finding
in
Histories
,
and
principally
in
Iustine
,
that
these
were
children
,
and
not
servants
of
the
Lucani
,
forsomuch
as
the
Lucani
were
accusto●ed
to
bring
up
and
foster
their
children
in
the
field
after
the
manner
of
the
S●ar●ans
;
but
their
children
misliking
that
manner
of
education
,
opposed
themselves
against
their
fathers
,
that
is
to
say
the
Lucani
,
and
went
to
inhabit
in
Calauria
.
These
people
in
process
of
time
became
so
mighty
,
that
they
feared
not
any
,
whereby
(
for
as
much
as
their
Country
was
not
well
able
to
contain
them
)
they
made
spoil
of
the
places
near
unto
them
,
and
expel'd
the
natural
inhabitants
,
the
which
they
often
attempted
,
being
allured
through
the
sweetness
of
the
booty
.
The
ancient
limits
of
the
Brutii
were
the
River
Lavo
,
or
Lao
,
now
called
the
River
Laino
(
measuring
along
the
shore
of
the
Sea
)
and
the
streight
of
Sicilia
,
the
space
between
these
bounds
is
according
to
Strabo
1350
furlongs
,
The
bounds
of
the
Brutii
.
which
contains
169
miles
;
but
according
to
the
description
of
Ptolomy
,
these
were
the
limits
,
on
the
West
the
River
Lavo
with
the
Lucani
,
on
the
South
the
Terrene
Sea
with
Faro
of
Messina
,
on
the
East
part
of
the
Ionian
Sea
,
on
the
North
Magna
Grecia
,
with
the
River
Chrati
.
And
to
make
a
description
of
this
Province
,
I
will
begin
from
the
Cape
of
Subero
,
where
Pyrrhus
King
of
the
Epirots
coming
from
Sicilia
,
disbarkt
himself
.
Not
far
off
is
Triolo
,
the
reliques
of
old
Tiro
,
where
the
Apennine
Hils
are
very
narrow
;
and
then
is
Malda
built
by
the
Saracins
,
Triolo
.
Malda
.
which
hath
a
very
fruitfull
Country
.
From
hence
on
the
Sea
at
the
mouth
of
Amato
,
is
Angitola
,
where
Dionisius
often
desired
to
unite
the
said
Haven
with
that
of
Squillia
.
Afterward
appeareth
Pizzo
in
a
very
spacious
and
pleasant
place
,
with
the
little
Islands
Itacensi
,
which
perhaps
had
this
name
because
Vlysses
arrived
there
.
Pizzo
.
Then
cometh
Bevona
planted
with
goodly
Gardens
of
Citrons
and
Oringes
,
the
ancient
Harbour
of
Hipponio
,
which
the
Countrey
people
now
call
Monteleone
,
which
lieth
in
a
pleasant
prospect
with
many
fields
round
about
;
the
said
City
was
founded
by
the
Greeks
,
and
they
called
it
Hipponium
,
Bevoua
.
Montel●one
.
because
it
was
builded
according
to
the
likeness
pnd
similitude
of
a
horse
,
for
that
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
in
the
Greek
tongue
signifieth
a
horse
,
the
which
City
(
as
the
Histories
thereof
recite
)
was
in
compass
eight
miles
,
wholly
built
with
bricks
,
the
ruines
whereof
are
at
this
present
to
be
seen
;
this
noble
City
had
very
pleasant
and
delightfull
fields
which
compast
it
round
about
.
Poets
have
feigned
that
when
Ceres
travelled
in
search
of
her
daughter
Proserpina
that
was
stoln
away
,
remained
here
that
Winter
to
gather
Roses
and
other
pleasant
Flowers
,
where
also
continues
the
three
Festival
daies
which
the
Tyrant
Agatocles
so
long
since
ordained
.
Pestino
a
famous
Writer
was
of
this
City
,
which
is
celebrated
by
Macrobio
in
his
sixth
book
de
Saturnali
,
in
this
word
Transmicto
,
Dominico
Pizzimetti
a
learned
Philosopher
was
also
of
the
same
City
,
which
translated
out
of
Greek
into
Latine
the
predicaments
of
Archita
Tarentino
.
The
ancient
Vibo
was
destroyed
by
the
Agareni
in
the
time
of
blessed
Nilo
,
and
the
like
ruine
sustained
Terino
,
Tauriano
and
Trischene
.
And
this
noble
Territory
is
very
fertile
,
for
it
bringeth
forth
Grain
,
Barley
,
Beans
,
Fitches
,
and
other
Corn
;
there
are
also
planted
great
store
of
Sugar
Canes
,
a
thing
very
rare
in
Italy
.
This
Country
is
adorned
with
the
dignity
of
a
Duke
.
After
followeth
Soriano
,
whch
hath
the
Title
of
a
Count.
Then
cometh
Arena
,
Soriano
.
Arena
.
and
ascending
up
the
Apennine
is
the
goodly
Monastery
of
St.
Stephen
del
Bosco
,
built
by
Rugiero
the
Norman
,
where
is
kept
(
as
we
have
said
)
with
many
other
reliques
the
body
of
St.
Bruno
.
From
hence
on
the
right
hand
appeareth
Borrello
,
and
Melito
an
honourable
and
an
ancient
City
which
was
builded
by
the
Milesii
,
B●rrello
.
Melito
.
a
people
of
Asia
;
for
as
Herodotus
writeth
in
his
sixth
book
,
Mileto
a
City
of
Asia
being
conquered
and
overcome
by
Darius
,
the
inhabiters
which
departed
from
the
ruine
thereof
,
being
deprived
of
their
natural
Country
,
came
with
their
wives
and
children
together
with
the
Sanni
into
Regio
,
where
they
were
received
by
Anasilao
Lord
of
the
Country
,
to
whom
he
gave
so
much
Territory
as
they
built
therein
a
City
to
inhabit
,
the
which
they
called
(
as
we
have
said
)
Melito
;
these
in
process
of
time
,
the
Country
being
too
little
,
many
of
them
went
into
Messina
,
but
being
expel'd
by
the
inhabiters
of
the
Country
,
went
to
the
Isle
of
Malta
.
There
is
to
be
seen
in
the
said
City
of
Melito
,
a
stately
and
magnificent
Church
under
the
name
of
the
Trinity
,
which
is
beautified
with
stately
Pillars
of
Marble
,
which
the
Duke
Ruggiero
the
Norman
caused
to
be
transported
from
the
ancient
Hipponio
;
the
said
Church
was
by
the
mediation
of
the
said
Duke
consecrated
by
Pope
Calisto
the
second
,
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
1122.
where
at
this
present
is
to
be
seen
the
fair
and
costly
Tomb
of
Marble
of
the
Duke
Ruggiero
.
That
holy
Paolo
of
the
Order
of
Preachers
was
of
the
said
City
.
B●iatico
.
Tr●pea
.
Walking
towards
the
shore
of
the
Sea
is
Briatico
,
which
hath
the
Title
of
a
Marquisat
,
and
Tropea
hath
this
name
from
the
Greek
word
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
for
that
ariving
there
,
the
Current
of
Faro
is
turned
back
,
very
dangerous
to
Sailers
,
near
which
Hercoles
arived
coming
from
Spain
,
whereupon
that
place
was
afterward
named
the
Harbour
of
Hercoles
.
Here
butteth
out
into
the
Sea
the
Cape
of
Vaticano
,
and
near
at
hand
is
Ioppolo
,
and
Nicotera
,
augmentned
by
the
ancient
ruins
of
Medama
,
Nicotera
.
and
Rosarno
;
there
is
the
River
Metramo
,
in
whose
waves
,
according
as
the
Ancients
were
accustomed
,
feeling
themselves
opprest
with
any
sin
,
were
freed
by
their
washing
themselves
therein
,
as
Orestes
who
thought
hereby
to
be
purged
from
the
murther
of
his
mother
;
a
little
farther
was
the
ancient
Metauro
,
which
boasted
much
of
Stesicoro
,
though
with
little
right
the
Sicilians
challeng
him
to
themselves
;
Metauro
.
Tauriano
.
Gioia
.
Seminara
.
and
after
is
discovered
Tauriano
:
and
from
hence
on
the
Sea
is
Gioia
.
A
little
distant
remaineth
Seminara
,
a
Countrey
well
inhabited
,
in
whose
Territory
the
Frenchmen
were
overcome
by
Consalvo
Fernandes
of
Aghilare
in
the
time
of
Lewis
the
12
King
of
France
.
And
near
the
Mediterrane
under
a
great
descent
of
the
Apennine
,
called
by
the
country-people
Aspromonte
,
riseth
as
it
were
a
rock
between
two
Rivers
:
the
Country
of
Sinopoli
is
adorned
with
the
ancient
dignity
of
a
Count
,
Sinopoli
.
the
jurisdiction
whereof
is
from
the
house
of
Ruffa
.
There
was
born
in
this
Country
that
holy
man
Paolo
of
Sinopoli
,
Fryer
of
the
Order
of
Saint
Francis
,
called
the
Minori
of
Osservanza
,
whose
reliques
are
reverendly
preserved
in
the
City
of
Nicotera
.
Going
a
little
farther
is
Oppido
,
which
hath
the
Title
of
a
Count
,
and
Terranovo
,
Oppido
.
Terranova
.
Polistena
.
The
Isles
Eoli
.
Lipare
.
a
populous
City
,
which
is
adorned
with
the
dignity
of
a
Dukedom
.
Not
very
far
is
Polistena
;
against
the
Castle
whereof
lie
the
Isles
Eolie
,
the
which
have
this
name
from
Eolo
,
which
the
Poets
feign
to
be
the
God
of
the
winds
,
knowing
by
the
nature
of
the
place
their
change
and
alteration
;
of
these
Isles
Lipare
was
only
inhabited
,
whose
circuit
is
16
miles
,
sometimes
a
Colony
of
the
Gnidii
,
which
were
very
strong
at
Sea
,
and
made
long
resistance
to
the
improvident
assaults
of
the
Toscans
,
and
of
their
first
fruits
they
oftentimes
consecrated
to
the
Temple
of
Apollo
at
Delphus
.
The
said
Isle
is
distant
from
Sicilia
20
miles
;
Strabo
and
Pliny
call
this
Isle
Meligone
,
which
is
very
famous
as
wel
for
the
fruitfulness
of
the
ground
,
as
also
for
the
delicacy
and
sweetness
of
the
fruits
,
and
the
great
plenty
of
Alume
which
it
yieldeth
;
the
said
Isle
was
at
the
first
●nhabited
by
Lipareo
the
son
of
Ausonio
King
of
Italy
,
who
being
at
discord
with
his
brothers
,
came
hither
with
divers
soeldiers
to
remain
,
and
here
built
a
City
,
which
by
his
own
name
was
called
Lipari
,
the
which
City
was
alwaies
faithfull
to
the
Kings
of
Naples
,
from
whom
in
recompence
it
obtained
many
priviledges
and
freedoms
;
but
finally
in
the
month
of
Iuly
1544
it
was
destroyed
with
sword
and
fire
by
Ariadeno
Barbarossa
,
Captain
of
the
Turkish
Army
;
but
it
was
suddenly
repaired
again
by
the
Emperor
Charls
the
fifth
.
The
other
Isles
are
not
manured
nor
inhabited
,
whereby
their
ancient
names
yet
continue
,
that
is
to
say
Stromboli
,
and
Vulcano
,
from
whence
continually
riseth
smoke
,
and
sometimes
flames
of
fire
with
horrible
noise
and
thundring
.
Here
we
may
see
Bagnara
,
where
the
women
for
their
beauty
and
comliness
appear
like
Nymphs
;
Bagnara
.
and
here
is
the
general
fishing
for
the
Sword-fish
,
called
by
Pliny
Xiphia
,
the
which
is
done
(
as
Strabo
declareth
in
his
first
book
of
Geography
)
in
this
manner
following
,
which
manner
is
also
recited
by
Polybius
.
First
of
all
one
is
appointed
as
a
spie
to
stand
in
a
high
place
,
The
taking
of
the
sword
fish
,
how
it
is
done
,
and
by
whom
it
was
invented
.
being
as
a
common
guard
or
defence
for
all
the
fishers
,
the
which
are
dispersed
into
many
little
boats
of
two
oars
,
remaining
in
every
one
two
of
them
,
one
which
guideth
the
boat
with
two
oars
,
the
other
to
wound
the
fish
with
an
armed
Sphear
,
which
he
standing
on
the
fore-deck
,
or
head
of
the
boat
,
holdeth
in
his
hand
;
so
soon
as
the
spie
maketh
a
signe
that
the
fish
is
discovered
rising
with
the
third
part
of
his
body
above
the
water
,
he
with
the
oars
roweth
near
the
boat
,
and
the
other
preparing
his
blow
wounds
him
with
a
wonderful
agility
,
then
snatching
out
the
sphear
,
the
iron
remans
behind
,
which
being
broad-headed
,
and
so
wel
accommodated
,
that
easily
a
man
may
wound
with
it
,
and
as
easily
leave
it
in
the
wound
;
to
the
iron
is
tied
a
long
little
cord
,
which
goes
so
far
with
the
wounded
fish
,
that
beating
himself
and
labouring
to
escape
,
becometh
weary
:
Then
they
draw
the
fish
to
the
shore
,
or
get
him
into
one
of
their
little
boats
,
if
he
be
not
over-great
;
and
if
it
so
fall
out
the
sphear
be
cast
into
the
Sea
,
it
cannot
therefore
be
lost
,
because
that
being
made
part
of
Oak
,
and
part
of
Firr
so
well
joyned
together
,
the
weight
of
the
oak
drawing
one
end
under
the
water
,
the
lightness
of
the
firr
causeth
the
other
end
to
rise
up
,
so
that
it
may
easily
be
taken
.
Moreover
it
falleth
out
sometimes
,
that
he
which
roweth
is
wounded
in
the
boat
,
so
great
is
the
sword
of
the
fish
and
his
fierceness
,
that
this
labour
is
no
less
dangerous
then
the
chasing
of
the
wild
Boar.
Some
say
that
this
fishing
was
learned
in
the
time
of
Vlysses
,
which
came
into
these
places
.
Sciglio
.
Afterward
appeareth
upon
a
great
Rock
,
Sciglio
,
by
Pliny
called
Scylleum
Oppidum
,
which
also
holdeth
the
name
of
Scilla
the
daughter
of
Forco
,
which
while
the
Ancients
say
should
be
turned
into
a
Rock
,
according
to
the
Fable
,
was
a
horrible
and
hideous
Monster
which
devoured
ships
,
noting
that
great
danger
of
Pharaoh
,
where
the
roaring
and
terror
of
the
waves
,
and
the
fearfull
aspect
of
the
sands
,
represent
very
often
to
passengers
which
there
sail
,
the
great
horror
and
dreadfull
fear
,
oftentimes
bringing
death
it self
.
This
place
was
fortified
by
Anasilao
against
the
Tuscans
,
where
Spartaco
was
overcome
by
Marco
Crasso
,
he
in
vain
purposing
to
escape
in
the
dead
time
of
the
night
:
And
the
said
City
is
adorned
with
the
dignity
of
a
Prince
.
Continuing
the
beautifull
Coast
of
this
Country
,
we
may
behold
the
ancient
Cemi
,
now
called
Coda
della
Volpe
,
and
Catona
,
with
Fiumara
di
Muro
,
and
Regio
,
Coda
della
Volpe
.
Fiumara
di
Muro
.
Regio
.
called
of
the
Latines
Regium
Iulium
,
which
is
one
of
the
most
ancient
Cities
of
all
Italy
,
builded
(
as
hath
been
said
)
by
Eschenes
the
Nephews
son
of
Noe
,
to
whom
the
Greeks
gave
this
name
because
from
that
place
Sicilia
was
separated
from
Italy
through
the
violence
of
an
Earthquake
,
the
which
Virgil
confirmeth
in
his
third
book
of
Eneidos
,
saying
,
Haec
loca
vi
quandam
vasta
convulsa
ruina
▪
Tantum
aevi
longiqua
valet
mutare
vetustas
.
Dissiluisse
ferunt
,
cum
protinus
utraque
tellus
Vna
foret
,
venit
medio
vi
pontis
,
&
undis
Hesperium
Siculo
latus
abscidit
,
arvaque
&
urb●●
Lictore
deductas
angusto
interluit
aesto
.
This
City
maintained
the
Commonwealth
thereof
a
long
time
,
and
was
destroyed
by
Dionisius
of
Siracusa
,
but
being
afterward
repaired
and
beautified
by
Iulius
Cesar
,
suffered
many
ruines
,
and
last
of
all
by
Ariadeno
Barbarossa
that
famous
Captain
of
the
Turkish
Navy
.
In
the
Territory
of
this
City
on
the
right
side
,
Grashoppers
&
their
natures
.
the
Grashoppers
make
a
wonderfull
noise
,
and
on
the
left
they
are
still
,
the
which
by
Poets
is
attributed
to
the
cursings
of
Hercoles
,
being
therewith
disquieted
in
his
sleep
;
but
more
truly
it
so
hapneth
by
the
dew
which
falleth
there
in
the
night
,
because
those
creatures
receive
not
so
much
heat
to
make
a
noise
,
although
some
affirm
they
have
another
kind
of
voice
then
the
other
,
where
also
they
declare
the
Fable
which
chanced
to
Ariston
and
Eunamo
,
the
Musician
of
the
Grashopper
,
supplying
to
the
one
the
sound
of
the
string
which
he
brake
in
his
Citaren
,
the
which
the
Ancients
kept
in
remembrance
a
long
time
.
In
Regio
is
made
the
best
silk
,
and
excellent
Wine
,
whereof
Atheneo
in
his
first
book
thus
saith
,
Vinum
Rhegium
cum
Surrentino
pinguius
sit
,
usque
ad
annum
quintumdecimum
est
utile
.
The
earthen
Vessels
that
are
there
made
are
much
commended
,
and
in
old
time
also
were
made
excellent
dishes
and
vessels
,
as
Pliny
reporteth
in
his
35.
book
,
saying
,
Rhegium
inquit
siglina
,
&
plastice
nobilitatur
.
And
in
another
place
saith
,
nobilitatur
Rhegium
patinis
.
This
City
had
in
old
time
many
excellent
Philosophers
,
and
learned
men
,
as
Aristides
,
Aristocrates
,
Demostenes
,
Athosione
,
Calais
,
The
worthy
men
of
Regio
.
Eurchyde
,
Eliacone
,
Hipporco
,
Mnesibolo
,
Obsimo
,
Phytio
,
Selinusio
,
and
Theocle
,
of
the
which
Eliacone
Hipparco
and
Phytio
,
were
excellent
Philosophers
;
to
Hipparco
Plato
entituled
a
book
de
studio
lucrandi
.
Androdamo
and
Theetheo
were
also
of
Regio
,
two
Philosophers
and
Lawyers
.
Now
going
a
little
further
we
come
to
the
Promontory
of
Leucopetra
,
so
called
by
the
shining
stones
that
are
there
,
which
Mariners
now
call
the
Cape
dell
arme
.
Afterward
appeareth
the
Promontory
of
Hercules
,
The
Cape
of
Partivento
.
which
the
Countrey-people
at
this
present
call
the
Cape
of
Partivento
:
A
little
further
is
Mendalaia
,
afterward
Brancaleone
,
Bruzzano
;
this
Cape
in
old
time
was
called
Zeffiro
,
where
the
Moors
arived
in
the
year
1126.
which
afterward
destroyed
a
good
part
of
the
Kingdom
.
Strabo
speaking
of
this
Cape
thus
saith
,
Zephirum
Promontorium
agri
Locri
à
quo
Locrenses
Zephiri
dicti
sunt
:
Pliny
saith
that
in
this
Promontory
is
included
the
first
Harbour
of
Europe
,
from
the
which
the
Seas
have
their
name
.
Then
follows
Bianco
,
from
whose
Country
is
had
great
store
of
Wine
;
going
a
little
further
is
discovered
Potamia
,
which
aboundeth
with
great
store
of
the
best
hony
;
and
a
little
below
is
Motta
Bovalina
,
whose
Territory
is
very
fertile
,
yielding
good
Wines
,
and
there
is
gathered
no
small
quantity
of
Manna
,
and
in
the
pleasant
fields
do
naturally
grow
great
plenty
of
medicinable
hearbs
;
here
through
the
amenity
of
the
air
is
seen
as
it
were
a
perpetual
Spring
,
and
in
every
place
is
excellent
fowling
for
Partridges
,
Potamia
.
Motua
Bovalina
Quails
,
and
other
Fowls
.
Gismondo
Loffredo
possesseth
this
Country
,
which
by
the
grace
and
favour
of
King
Philip
,
hath
besides
it
,
newly
obtained
the
Title
of
a
Marquiss
.
Not
farr
off
is
to
be
seen
Condoianni
,
called
in
old
time
Vria
,
the
which
Country
hath
the
dignity
of
a
Count.
And
a
little
distant
from
hence
is
the
ancient
and
noble
City
of
Geraci
,
called
in
old
time
Locri.
By
whom
the
said
City
should
be
built
,
Writers
hold
divers
opinions
,
for
Dionisius
Aphro
in
his
book
de
situ
orbis
writeth
that
Locri
was
builded
by
the
Queen
of
the
Locresi
,
and
thus
saith
,
Hinc
ab
boream
Zephiri
,
quae
summa
vocatur
,
Sub
qua
sunt
Locri
celeres
,
qui
tempore
prisco
.
Illuc
Reginam
propriam
venere
secuti
Ausoniamque
tenent
,
qua
currit
slumen
Halecus
.
Others
hold
opinion
that
it
was
built
by
Aiace
Oileo
,
or
by
the
Naricii
his
companions
,
confirming
it
with
the
words
of
Virgil
in
his
third
book
of
Eneidos
,
saying
,
Hic
,
&
Nariiti
posuere
moenia
Locri
,
This
first
City
used
of
all
others
,
the
written
Laws
of
the
Greeks
,
and
were
a
long
time
governed
by
that
commonwealth
,
and
grew
very
famous
for
the
Government
of
Zeleuco
their
Lawgiver
,
who
was
so
severe
against
Adulterers
,
Of
Zeleuco
the
Law
giver
,
&
his
●everity
that
he
refused
to
pardon
his
own
son
taken
in
adultery
,
he
would
to
the
end
the
rigor
of
his
Laws
should
be
observed
,
which
commanded
that
the
proof
of
this
crime
should
be
deprivation
of
both
the
eyes
(
he
reputing
these
two
as
it
were
one
thing
)
was
himself
first
deprived
of
one
eye
,
and
his
son
of
another
:
This
City
also
was
very
famous
through
Timeo
the
Philosopher
,
and
Eunomo
the
Musician
,
Timeo
the
Philosopher
.
Eunomo
the
Musician
.
Eutimo
atleta
.
The
Temple
of
Proserpina
.
and
Eutimo
Atleta
,
who
was
so
strong
that
he
did
bear
upon
his
shoulders
a
stone
which
two
Oxen
were
scant
able
to
draw
.
Likewise
this
City
hath
been
very
glorious
for
the
sumptuous
and
admirable
Temple
of
Proserpina
,
whereof
Livy
maketh
such
honourable
mention
in
his
29
,
and
31
book
.
The
said
Temple
was
spoiled
for
the
riches
therein
by
Pyrrhus
,
and
by
Dionisius
the
Tyrant
;
and
last
of
all
it
was
robbed
by
P.
Plemnio
the
Roman
Legat.
Nevertheless
they
all
sustained
the
punishment
of
Divine
vengeance
,
the
one
whilst
he
went
up
and
down
the
shore
,
through
fear
restored
the
sacriledg
,
was
afterward
slain
by
Argus
;
the
punishment
of
the
other
was
imposed
upon
his
son
,
being
therefore
deprived
his
Kingdom
by
God
,
which
often
punisheth
the
sins
of
fathers
in
their
children
,
and
the
other
by
authority
of
the
Senate
died
miserably
in
prison
.
There
are
in
the
Territory
of
the
said
City
excellent
Baths
of
brinish
and
sulphure
water
,
which
help
and
cure
many
diseases
,
and
are
very
good
for
barren
women
.
Here
are
made
very
fair
earthen
dishes
,
and
great
abundance
of
the
best
and
finest
silk
,
excellent
oyl
,
capers
,
corianders
,
and
most
delicate
manna
.
But
to
the
end
the
Reader
may
be
well
satisfied
,
I
will
say
somewhat
of
the
said
manna
which
is
so
much
commended
by
Phisicians
.
Manna
then
(
as
that
learned
Mattiolo
saith
)
is
a
certain
dew
,
or
sweet
liquor
which
falleth
in
the
night
from
the
air
upon
the
leaves
,
What
Manna
is
and
how
i●
cometh
.
and
the
boughs
of
trees
,
and
upon
the
grass
and
herbs
,
and
upon
the
stones
,
and
likewise
upon
the
earth
,
the
which
afterward
growing
very
thick
within
a
certain
space
of
time
,
becometh
grainy
like
gum
,
and
this
is
properly
called
manna
on
the
leaves
,
and
is
a
small
grain
transparent
and
heavy
,
like
to
a
little
grain
of
white
mastick
,
and
of
a
sweet
and
pleasant
taste
.
After
this
,
that
on
the
boughs
holds
the
second
place
,
and
the
third
is
that
on
the
stones
,
and
on
the
earth
,
the
which
hath
a
bigger
grain
,
and
nothing
so
pure
a
colour
,
and
this
is
gathered
in
the
morning
before
the
heat
of
the
Sun
,
forasmuch
afterward
as
the
Sun
dissolving
it
,
it
is
easily
converted
into
air
,
and
therefore
some
of
them
use
,
which
gather
it
when
any
great
plenty
falls
,
to
cut
off
the
boughs
of
the
trees
in
the
morning
betimes
,
and
to
carry
them
into
the
fields
in
the
cold
air
,
where
through
the
hardness
they
gather
it
wi●h
the
greater
ease
.
Averroe
was
of
opinion
,
and
many
other
besides
him
,
that
the
Ancients
,
and
especially
Galen
,
knew
not
this
manna
.
Manna
falleth
in
the
nights
in
the
Summer
season
when
the
air
is
coldest
,
and
the
day
before
very
hot
and
dry
,
for
the
learned
interpreters
of
nature
say
this
proceeds
of
the
light
vapours
from
the
earth
and
the
water
.
Forasmuch
as
being
first
purified
and
concocted
by
the
Sun
;
it
is
to
be
thought
that
by
the
cold
of
the
night
following
it
becomes
thick
.
And
besides
it
is
to
be
understood
,
that
that
Manna
which
falls
upon
fig-leaves
,
and
the
Ash
is
whitest
and
most
gummie
;
but
that
which
falleth
upon
the
leaves
of
peaches
,
of
almonds
,
or
oaks
,
is
liquid
,
and
in
taste
and
colour
like
honey
.
Therefore
we
may
easily
believe
,
that
not
by
its
own
nature
,
or
of
it self
,
Manna
becommeth
gummy
,
and
is
made
thick
like
unto
mastick
;
but
these
accidents
cause
these
effects
upon
the
leaves
and
trees
where
it
chanceth
to
fall
.
Neither
is
that
to
be
believed
which
many
report
thereof
,
that
manna
before
the
canicular
daies
,
sweateth
in
Calauria
,
without
falling
from
the
air
,
even
from
boughs
,
and
likewise
from
the
bark
of
the
bodies
of
the
ash
and
plum-trees
,
and
to
be
ingendred
naturally
of
it self
in
these
trees
,
and
to
sweat
out
of
them
,
in
like
manner
as
gum
sweateth
from
divers
other
trees
,
wherein
they
are
much
deceived
;
forasmuch
as
that
which
sweateth
from
these
trees
in
the
canicular
daies
,
is
no
other
then
the
celestial
manna
descending
there
in
the
next
succeeding
months
of
May
and
Iune
,
sucked
up
by
the
bark
,
and
drawn
out
again
in
such
manner
as
a
man
draweth
a
drop
of
oyl
out
of
a
piece
of
woollen
cloath
that
is
fallen
upon
it
,
and
so
it
afterward
comes
to
pass
,
being
incorporated
with
the
rine
of
the
tree
,
issueth
out
again
,
drawn
by
the
violent
heat
of
the
canicular
starr
,
and
is
there
thickned
,
and
becomes
grainy
in
the
manner
of
gum
.
It
is
evidently
seen
,
that
that
which
falleth
from
the
air
is
better
preserved
by
the
ash
and
the
plum-trees
,
then
any
other
kind
of
Tree
or
Plant
whatsoever
;
and
therefore
it
is
not
to
be
admired
if
the
most
sottile
and
thin
part
entreth
and
penetrateth
through
the
pores
thereof
,
The
temperature
of
Manna
.
being
there
preserved
,
doth
not
corrupt
in
a
long
time
.
Manna
is
(
according
as
Avicenne
and
Mesue
relates
)
of
an
equal
temperature
,
more
inclining
to
heat
then
otherwise
.
But
according
to
Averroe
,
it
is
hot
and
moist
,
it
loosneth
the
body
,
although
but
weakly
by
it self
alone
,
and
therefore
it
is
given
to
women
with
child
,
and
to
little
children
without
any
hurt
or
fear
;
being
mingled
and
wrought
with
medicines
,
it
increaseth
their
vertue
.
It
gently
and
easily
purgeth
choler
,
taketh
away
thirst
,
openeth
and
mollifieth
the
parts
of
the
brest
,
and
of
the
throat
;
but
it
cannot
be
preserved
in
the
true
perfection
thereof
above
one
year
.
Leaving
the
said
City
two
miles
,
we
come
to
the
River
Buthroto
,
whereof
Livy
maketh
mention
;
Livy
,
lib
9.
Siderono
.
Grotteria
.
and
not
far
off
is
the
little
Castle
of
Siderono
,
with
the
River
Locano
which
is
full
of
fish
;
and
a
little
above
is
Grotteria
,
which
is
six
miles
from
the
Sea
,
and
from
Ieraco
ten
.
Barrio
is
of
opinion
that
the
said
City
was
builded
by
Idomeneo
,
King
of
Candia
,
called
by
the
Ancients
Castrum
Minervae
.
The
Territory
thereof
is
very
fruitfull
and
fertile
,
because
that
besides
the
great
abundance
of
fruit
,
of
oyl
,
of
almonds
,
of
silk
,
and
of
the
best
hony
;
it
hath
very
delectable
and
pleasant
Gardens
full
of
Oringes
,
Citrons
,
Limons
,
and
Pomgranates
,
and
in
it
are
Mines
of
Gold
and
Lead
.
The
said
Country
is
adorned
with
the
dignity
of
a
Marquiss
subject
to
the
house
of
Aragona
d'
Ayerbe
.
Departing
from
Grotteria
we
come
to
Mottagioiosa
,
called
by
Pliny
and
by
Mela
,
Ministra
,
where
is
made
good
Wine
,
Oyle
,
and
Silk
,
and
there
is
also
Mines
of
Salt
.
Mottagioiosa
,
Roccella
.
Near
the
Sea
is
Roccella
,
called
in
old
time
Amphissia
,
whereof
Ovid
in
the
15
book
of
Met.
maketh
mention
,
saying
,
Levibusque
Amphissia
remis
saxa
sugit
.
This
Country
hath
lately
been
honoured
with
the
dignity
of
a
Prince
,
by
the
favour
of
King
Philip.
Following
the
same
way
,
we
come
to
the
mouth
of
Alaro
,
which
the
Ancients
called
Sacra
;
Mottapaganica
.
The
Promontory
of
Cocinto
,
now
●
called
the
Cape
of
Stilo
.
The
Ionian
Sea
,
where
it
beginneth
to
be
so
called
▪
Stilo
.
after
we
incounter
Mottapaganica
,
we
come
to
Monesteria
,
very
famous
for
the
excellent
Cheeses
,
and
Flax
that
are
made
there
;
a
little
higher
appears
the
ancient
Promontory
of
Cocinto
,
which
is
now
called
the
Cape
of
Stilo
,
which
according
to
the
opinion
of
some
,
is
the
longest
in
all
Italy
,
there
are
digged
round
about
it
many
Mines
of
Gold
,
of
Silver
,
and
Iron
,
and
of
Steel
.
From
the
point
of
the
abovesaid
Cape
beginneth
the
Ionian
Sea
;
and
afterward
is
Stilo
,
a
good
and
populous
Country
,
whose
Territory
is
very
rich
of
Mines
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
and
other
Mettals
.
And
there
is
also
made
very
excellent
Flax
,
Capers
Saffron
,
Bombace
,
and
it
standeth
from
the
Sea
five
miles
.
Tomaso
Campanella
of
the
Order
of
Preachers
,
was
born
in
this
Country
,
and
Telesiano
the
Philosopher
,
the
which
hath
learnedly
writ
eight
books
of
disputations
against
the
Peripateticks
in
favour
of
Berardino
Telesio
,
and
is
now
at
this
present
writing
De
sensu
rerum
,
where
he
shews
he
understands
all
things
.
A
little
distant
is
Santa
Caterina
,
and
Badolato
,
a
Country
very
delightfull
,
where
is
made
excellent
Wines
,
Oyl
,
Hony
,
and
very
fine
Silk
,
and
also
is
gathered
great
store
of
Manna
,
to
the
which
Country
Giulio
Berlingiero
,
and
Giovandomenico
Greco
,
excellent
Lawyers
,
at
this
present
yield
much
honour
.
After
followeth
Satriano
,
called
of
the
Ancients
Caecinnum
,
Badolato
.
Satriano
.
from
whom
the
River
taketh
the
name
,
which
runneth
but
a
little
from
thence
,
of
the
which
Thucidides
in
his
third
book
maketh
mention
,
saying
,
Laches
,
&
Atheniensis
egressi
è
navibus
nonnulla
loca
locridis
juxta
caecinnum
amnem
Locrenses
ad
arcendam
vim
occurrentes
cum
Proxeno
Capatonis
silio
circiter
trecentos
caeperunt
,
detractisque
armis
abierunt
.
Afterward
is
to
be
seen
Petrito
,
Petrito
.
Soverato
.
a
little
Castle
situate
in
a
pleasant
seat
,
where
is
made
excellent
good
Wine
;
not
very
far
is
Claravalle
,
which
for
the
goodness
of
the
Flax
,
contends
with
Alexandria
for
the
precedence
.
Then
followeth
Soverato
,
whose
Territory
is
garnished
with
beautifull
Gardens
of
Citrons
,
Limons
,
and
Oringes
,
where
near
to
the
Fountain
Meliteo
,
is
to
be
seen
an
Oak
whose
leaves
never
fals
.
And
afterward
is
Squillaci
,
a
noble
and
an
ancient
City
,
built
,
as
some
affirm
,
by
the
Ausoni
,
or
by
the
Enotri
.
Of
this
City
thus
writeth
Strabo
,
Squillaci
.
Scyllaceum
Atheniensium
Colonia
,
qui
Menestei
comites
fuere
:
From
the
name
of
this
City
,
the
Gulf
of
Squillaci
taketh
its
name
,
so
perilous
to
Sailers
,
whereof
grows
the
Proverb
,
Naufrag●●
Scyllaceus
.
Squillace
was
a
Colony
of
the
Romans
,
as
C.
Velleio
Patercole
writeth
in
his
first
book
;
to
the
which
City
Cassiodoro
,
A
Proverb
.
Munk
of
the
Order
of
St.
Benedict
hath
given
great
ornament
,
which
writ
many
books
upon
divers
matters
;
and
among
others
,
composed
the
Tripartite
History
in
12
books
,
and
a
book
de
ratione
animae
,
and
another
upon
the
Canticles
;
he
writ
another
book
of
Etimologies
,
with
a
Catalogue
of
all
the
Roman
Consuls
.
He
lived
in
the
time
of
Iustine
the
old
Emperor
,
and
died
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
575.
The
said
City
is
honoured
with
the
title
of
a
Prince
,
subject
to
the
house
of
Borgia
,
wherein
with
much
reverence
is
preserved
the
body
of
St.
Agatio
.
Here
leaving
the
River
Crotalo
,
and
Roccella
,
upon
a
high
Hill
is
Catanzaro
,
a
noble
and
populous
City
,
the
which
was
builded
by
Fagitio
,
Lieutenant
in
Italy
for
the
Emperor
Nicephero
.
And
Catanzaro
was
so
called
of
the
Greek
word
Catizo
,
which
in
Latin
signifieth
sedeo
,
to
which
the
excellent
situation
and
the
workmanship
of
Silk
,
Catanzaro
.
and
Cloath
bringeth
great
profit
,
it
is
one
of
the
fairest
and
principal
Cities
of
Calauria
;
and
at
this
present
it
is
the
head
of
this
Province
,
and
in
it
resideth
the
Kings
Audit
.
In
the
chiefest
Church
thereof
lie
with
great
reverence
,
the
bodies
of
St.
Vitaliano
,
and
Theodoro
,
Martyrs
,
whose
holy
lives
are
written
by
the
reverend
Paolo
Regio
,
Bishop
of
Vico.
Hard
by
is
to
be
seen
the
City
of
Taverna
,
which
standeth
near
the
Wood
Sila
.
This
City
had
its
original
from
the
ancient
Treschinesi
,
Taverna
Treschinesi
.
the
which
being
in
the
year
1068.
ruinated
by
the
Saracins
,
was
afterward
reedified
within
the
land
in
a
most
strong
and
inpregnable
place
;
but
sustaining
afterward
divers
calamities
,
was
again
newly
built
by
the
Citizens
thereof
two
miles
distant
,
under
a
most
delicate
temperature
of
air
.
In
the
Territory
of
this
City
groweth
the
odoriferous
Turpentine
which
Macedonia
,
Damasco
,
and
Syria
so
much
esteemed
the
having
thereof
.
This
City
hath
received
much
honour
by
Iohn
Lorenzo
Anania
,
an
excellent
Divine
and
Cosmographer
,
which
hath
writ
the
Universal
Fabrick
of
the
world
,
and
a
learned
discourse
of
the
nature
of
devils
.
Simari
.
Towards
the
Sea-side
is
to
be
seen
Simari
;
and
a
little
distant
is
the
City
Trichenesi
,
which
had
very
stately
buildings
in
the
old
time
;
Trischenesi
.
but
at
this
present
the
reliques
are
scant
to
be
seen
.
Then
followeth
the
City
Belcastro
,
which
some
say
was
the
ancient
Chona
.
This
City
boasteth
much
of
St.
Thomas
of
Aquin
,
Belcastro
.
The
Calaur●si
say
that
S.
Thomas
of
Aquin
was
born
in
Belcastro
Mesuraga
.
affirming
that
he
was
there
born
,
where
they
say
he
did
the
miracle
of
the
Roses
,
for
which
they
cease
not
to
contend
with
the
Neopolitans
,
saying
he
was
of
their
City
;
this
worthy
Saint
died
in
the
Monastery
of
Fossanova
,
in
the
Territory
of
Terracina
,
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
1274.
Near
unto
it
is
Mesuraga
,
called
in
old
time
Reatinum
,
builded
by
the
Enotrii
,
of
the
which
Country
was
the
worthy
Matteo
Vidio
,
of
the
Order
of
the
Minori
,
whose
body
with
honour
lieth
in
the
City
of
Taverna
.
Not
far
distant
standeth
Policastro
,
called
by
the
Ancients
Petilia
,
which
was
builded
by
Philotete
,
the
son
of
Piante
,
companion
of
Hercoles
:
Of
this
City
Virgil
in
the
3.
book
of
Aeneid
,
saith
thus
,
Policastro
Hic
illa
.
Dulcis
Melibaei
parva
Philoctetae
subnexa
Petilia
muro
.
This
City
was
a
Colony
of
the
Romans
,
the
which
was
many
times
defended
with
much
valour
against
the
assaults
of
Hannibal
,
by
whom
being
at
length
taken
,
was
destroyed
.
Then
follows
Siberna
,
an
ancient
and
an
honourable
City
,
now
called
Santa
Severina
,
S.
Severina
,
Cutro
.
The
Cape
of
Pillars
.
Castra
Hannibalis
.
which
is
situate
on
a
high
Hill
in
the
mids
between
two
famous
Rivers
,
very
strong
by
nature
;
and
after
is
the
Rock
where
are
digged
great
hils
of
Salt
.
From
hence
leaving
the
River
Tacina
,
appears
Cutro
,
which
aboundeth
with
excellent
Flax
;
and
a
little
above
is
the
Castle
,
which
some
say
should
be
the
place
named
by
the
Latines
,
Castra
Hannibalis
.
Then
appeareth
the
Isle
and
the
Cape
of
Pillars
,
before
called
the
Promontory
Lacinio
,
and
was
so
called
of
Lacinio
a
famous
Pirat
which
went
robbing
up
and
down
,
and
was
afterward
slain
by
Hercules
,
who
built
there
a
sumptuous
Temple
to
Iuno
,
which
Eneas
honoured
with
a
Cup
of
Gold
;
this
place
was
very
famous
for
the
School
of
Pithagoras
,
and
for
the
ashes
of
Filotete
,
which
laid
upon
the
Altar
,
was
not
dispersed
with
the
wind
.
This
Cape
of
Pillars
in
these
latter
times
was
so
called
by
the
many
and
great
Pillars
which
are
there
standing
of
the
said
ruinated
Temple
.
Leaving
this
Cape
,
where
beginneth
the
second
gulf
of
the
Mediterrane
,
is
the
famous
City
of
Cotrone
,
in
old
time
one
of
the
greatest
and
chiefest
Cities
of
Maegna
Grecia
.
Cotrone
.
The
opinions
of
Writers
are
divers
,
by
whom
the
said
City
should
be
builded
,
for
some
affirm
that
it
was
built
by
Lacinio
Corcireo
.
Ovid
,
and
Strabo
say
it
should
be
Misilo
;
Pithagoras
more
ancient
then
these
,
writeth
that
Hercules
built
it
.
This
City
was
very
famous
because
the
Philosopher
Pithagoras
was
a
Citizen
thereof
,
See
Plutarch
in
Communio
,
and
St.
Thomas
in
the
1
book
of
the
Methe●ra
:
of
Aristotle
.
from
whose
School
proceeded
more
Philosophers
then
were
Captains
in
the
Trojan
horse
,
and
also
for
Orpheus
the
Poet
,
and
Democides
the
Phisician
,
so
much
esteemed
of
the
King
of
Persia
;
besides
the
beauty
of
the
women
have
been
much
commended
,
for
Zeuxses
portraying
Images
in
the
Temple
of
Iuno
,
took
them
for
his
pattern
,
and
for
the
sports
and
exercises
of
Atleta
,
where
was
Milo
,
so
strong
that
he
used
to
carry
a
Bull
;
and
Egone
which
in
running
overtook
the
young
Heifers
,
cutting
from
them
their
hoofs
,
and
making
afterward
a
present
thereof
to
his
Amarillis
.
Walking
along
we
come
to
the
City
Cariati
which
hath
the
dignity
of
a
Prince
;
and
not
far
off
lieth
Calopizzato
,
Crusia
,
and
the
noble
and
ancient
City
Rossano
,
built
by
the
Enotri
;
Rossano
.
Iohn
the
7.
Bishop
of
Rome
,
which
was
born
there
,
honoureth
much
this
City
.
A
little
farther
within
the
Land
,
is
Longobucco
,
where
are
sound
certian
Mines
of
Silver
;
Longobucco
.
from
thence
descending
towards
the
Sea
,
we
may
see
Corigliano
;
and
not
far
off
is
Cassano
,
in
so
fair
and
temperate
a
Country
,
as
it
is
not
inferior
to
the
best
part
of
all
the
Land
of
Lavoro
;
and
here
within
the
circuit
of
this
pleasant
Country
was
the
ancient
City
of
Turio
,
Turio
.
which
at
this
present
the
people
of
the
Country
call
Terranova
:
Trogo
writeth
in
his
20
book
,
that
the
said
City
was
builded
by
Filottete
,
the
which
was
much
ennobled
by
Herodotus
,
having
writ
therein
his
Histories
,
in
which
City
he
also
died
,
as
Pliny
saith
;
from
the
same
City
Octavius
Augustus
had
his
beginning
.
And
this
City
hath
also
been
the
natural
Soil
of
many
Roman
Bishops
.
Then
appears
towards
the
sea-side
,
Trebisazze
,
Albidona
,
Amendolara
,
and
the
River
Semio
,
called
in
old
time
Siri
,
by
the
City
of
Siro
,
which
stood
very
near
,
which
was
afterward
named
Heraclea
,
to
whom
the
Statue
of
Minerva
bred
great
wonder
,
in
turning
and
rouling
the
eyes
against
the
Ionii
,
which
sacking
and
spoyling
the
City
,
respected
it
not
.
The
men
of
this
Province
are
of
a
white
complexion
,
The
quality
and
disposition
of
the
men
of
this
Province
.
of
indifferent
stature
,
and
strong
,
crafty
,
firm
and
resolute
in
their
opinions
,
hardy
and
stout
,
much
inclined
to
Learning
and
Arms
;
they
use
Daggs
,
Swords
,
and
Pikes
.
The
Gentlemen
attire
themselves
after
the
Neopolitan
fashion
,
and
likewise
the
women
;
but
those
which
live
in
Villages
are
very
rude
and
barbarous
.
The
Arms
of
this
Province
are
per
salter
or
.4
.
pates
gules
;
and
on
the
second
partition
or
so
many
crosses
bastone
Sa.
The
which
two
Crosses
signifie
the
two
Calaurias
;
and
the
other
partitions
are
the
Arms
of
Aragon
.
These
Arms
were
invented
by
Don
Ferdinando
of
Aragon
,
Duke
of
Calauria
,
the
son
of
Alfonsus
the
first
,
King
of
Naples
,
for
that
he
would
not
otherwise
express
them
,
that
although
the
Region
of
Calauria
was
divided
by
his
Father
into
two
Provinces
,
nevertheless
he
was
Lord
of
them
both
.
The
Countrey
of
OTRANTO
,
The
seventh
Province
of
the
Kingdom
of
NAPLES
.
THe
fair
and
rich
Province
of
the
Country
of
Otranto
,
called
in
old
time
Iapigia
,
as
Solon
saith
,
of
Iapige
the
son
of
Dedalus
,
which
came
thither
with
many
people
to
inhabit
.
These
people
had
their
original
from
Latii
,
and
as
others
say
,
from
the
Cretians
,
which
with
the
Illerians
came
into
this
utmost
bound
of
Italy
.
This
Province
was
also
called
Salentina
,
from
the
Promontory
Salentino
,
at
this
present
named
the
Cape
of
Santa
Maria
;
but
as
Festus
saith
,
of
Salo
,
which
is
to
say
the
Sea
which
compasseth
it
almost
round
about
,
except
a
little
part
which
joyneth
with
the
firm
land
;
others
affirm
that
it
was
called
Salentina
of
the
people
Salentini
,
which
came
with
the
Cretians
hither
to
inhabit
.
It
was
afterward
called
Messapia
,
of
the
Captain
Messapo
,
which
came
from
Peloponesus
with
a
Colony
into
this
Region
.
And
not
long
after
it
was
named
by
the
Creeks
,
Calauria
.
And
finally
from
the
City
of
Otranto
,
all
this
Region
is
called
the
Country
of
Otranto
.
The
figure
and
form
of
this
Province
is
an
out
cape
of
land
,
which
is
one
of
the
three
angles
or
corners
of
Italy
,
wherein
endeth
one
of
the
two
principal
capes
,
wherein
is
a
part
of
the
Apennine
,
The
form
and
figure
of
this
Province
.
The
circuit
of
this
Province
.
The
quality
of
the
earth
.
and
here
as
is
commonly
thought
,
ends
the
Adriatick
Sea
,
and
is
united
with
the
Ionian
.
Verily
this
Province
seemeth
as
another
Chersonesus
,
lying
under
a
pleasant
air
.
The
circuit
thereof
is
little
more
then
200
miles
,
whose
Istmus
is
between
Taranto
and
Monopoli
,
not
exceeding
the
space
of
40
miles
;
in
the
which
Peninsula
,
although
the
superficial
part
of
the
earth
for
the
most
part
be
rough
and
stony
,
nevertheless
being
ploughed
up
,
discovereth
excellent
mould
,
and
although
there
be
little
store
of
water
,
it
yields
good
pasture
for
Cattel
,
and
bringeth
forth
Wheat
,
Wine
,
Barley
,
Oats
,
Olives
,
Citrons
,
excellent
Musk-millions
,
Figgs
,
Apples
,
Pears
,
The
great
plenty
of
fruit
in
this
Province
.
Limons
,
Oringes
,
Oxen
,
Asses
,
Mules
of
the
best
breed
,
and
such
abundance
of
Saffron
,
that
it
seems
to
be
rather
the
proper
fruit
of
this
Country
,
then
of
Carthage
.
The
great
plenty
of
O●l
which
is
there
made
,
seemeth
a
thing
incredible
to
those
which
have
not
seen
it
,
whereby
all
the
Kingdom
doth
not
only
abound
therewith
,
but
also
the
greatest
part
of
Italy
;
and
every
where
is
excellent
fowling
,
and
hunting
both
for
Conies
and
hares
.
And
although
the
air
be
very
wholsome
,
yet
the
leprosie
is
very
common
,
by
the
means
,
as
I
think
,
of
eating
Pork
,
and
drie
Figgs
,
the
ordinary
food
of
the
common
people
.
The
springs
of
water
are
partly
sweet
,
and
partly
gross
and
brackish
.
In
this
Country
is
bred
the
Tarantola
,
Why
the
disease
of
the
leprosie
reigneth
in
this
country
.
whose
venom
is
driven
away
with
sound
and
singing
,
the
which
Galen
also
affirms
,
with
the
authority
of
Theofrastus
,
of
certain
other
creatures
.
There
are
also
bred
the
Chersidri
,
and
there
is
no
part
of
Italy
more
troubled
with
Grashoppers
,
which
devour
all
things
where
they
come
,
and
in
one
night
consume
the
ripest
fields
.
But
nature
hath
provided
a
remedy
by
the
means
of
certain
Fowls
,
Chirsidri
.
which
they
call
Ganie
,
which
destroy
this
vermin
.
The
Hail
also
much
hurteth
this
Province
,
which
almost
every
year
doth
some
spoil
.
The
Thunder
is
there
felt
,
as
in
the
Country
of
Lavoro
,
both
in
Summer
and
Winter
.
But
coming
to
the
description
of
this
Province
,
beginning
at
the
River
Bradano
,
is
Taranto
,
a
worthy
and
an
ancient
City
,
which
some
say
had
that
name
from
the
River
Tara
,
and
others
from
Tara
the
son
of
Neptune
,
and
others
impute
the
original
to
Hercoles
.
This
City
so
increased
by
the
means
of
Falanto
the
Spartan
,
who
governing
under
the
Democratical
Regiment
,
contended
sometimes
with
the
Lucani
,
The
description
of
the
country
.
Taranto
.
and
sometimes
with
the
Senate
,
being
alwaies
aided
by
strange
Captains
,
having
sometines
the
help
of
Alexander
,
and
sometines
of
Pyrrhus
,
became
so
rich
,
that
there
was
no
City
except
Siracusa
,
that
brought
greater
riches
to
the
people
of
Rome
;
it
glorieth
much
in
her
Archita
,
that
admirable
Mathematician
,
which
caused
a
Dove
of
Copper
to
fly
round
about
the
City
,
and
of
Aristosseno
the
Musician
.
Taranto
lieth
between
two
Seas
,
whereof
the
one
is
called
the
great
,
Archita
the
Mathematician
.
the
other
the
little
;
in
the
lesser
which
is
in
compass
18
miles
,
there
runneth
in
many
springs
,
and
the
River
Galeso
,
by
means
whereof
,
and
the
calmness
of
the
water
,
there
are
many
fishes
,
and
no
less
then
in
the
Sea
of
Constantinople
.
The
river
Galesio
.
The
situation
of
the
city
of
Taranto
.
The
City
standeth
in
an
Island
like
unto
a
ship
,
having
bridges
to
pass
over
into
the
Continent
;
here
the
ebbing
and
flowing
of
the
Sea
is
very
violent
;
on
the
other
side
with
a
ditch
made
by
mens
labours
,
is
joyned
the
little
sea
with
the
great
,
the
which
ditch
is
able
to
receive
a
gally
,
where
at
this
present
is
the
City
,
esteemed
one
of
the
strongest
Forts
of
the
Kingdom
,
where
was
the
first
Fortress
which
Fardinando
of
Aragon
King
of
Naples
repaired
.
Cesaria
.
Gallipoli
.
Of
this
Country
there
is
no
more
to
be
said
,
then
that
which
Horace
saith
,
Ille
terrarum
mihi
praeter
omnes
,
angulus
ridet
.
Coasting
from
hence
is
Cesaria
,
a
place
ruinated
by
those
of
Gallipoli
,
with
the
lower
sea
,
full
of
great
skuls
of
fishes
;
not
very
far
is
Gallipoli
,
a
City
very
fair
and
populous
,
which
Pliny
calleth
Anza
,
but
Pomponius
Mela
nameth
it
Gallipolis
,
the
said
City
was
built
by
the
Greeks
,
which
being
afterward
droven
out
by
the
Gauls
,
called
it
Gallipoli
.
The
said
City
is
situate
in
a
narrow
piece
of
Land
,
running
into
the
Sea
in
the
fashion
of
a
Frying-pan
,
in
whose
utmost
part
is
that
most
impregnable
City
,
both
for
the
situation
,
the
Wall
,
and
the
Castle
,
because
the
steep
and
craggy
Rocks
rampire
it
;
where
in
the
Wars
between
the
Aragonesi
and
the
French
,
defended
it self
in
the
behalf
of
Aragon
,
with
great
commendation
.
That
excellent
Philosopher
Iohn
Baptista
Crispo
,
hath
much
ennobled
this
City
,
who
hath
writ
23
books
De
Ethnicis
philosophis
caute
legendis
,
and
three
others
de
Animarum
statu
ex
hac
vita
migrantium
.
Departing
from
thence
is
Vgento
,
Vgento
.
and
the
Cape
of
Luca
,
called
in
old
time
the
Promonto
y
of
Iapigio
;
and
in
this
place
was
the
famous
Temple
of
Minerva
,
where
was
kept
the
Arms
and
the
Chain
of
Diomedes
;
this
cape
is
now
called
the
cape
of
Santa
Maria
,
in
the
end
of
the
country
,
so
named
at
this
present
by
the
sumptuous
church
here
builded
in
honour
of
the
glorious
mother
of
our
Lord
,
called
of
the
Ancients
Promontorium
Iapigium
,
and
of
Pliny
,
Ara
Iapigia
.
This
cape
riseth
out
as
a
front
or
brow
of
Lacinio
,
compassing
on
both
sides
the
gulf
of
Taranto
.
Then
followeth
Castro
,
a
place
to
be
noted
for
the
ruines
it
sustained
by
the
Turks
,
in
the
time
that
Soloman
attempted
the
enterprise
of
Italy
.
Castro
.
Not
far
from
thence
is
the
cape
and
the
famous
City
of
Otranto
;
Otranto
.
here
Acomat
Bascia
first
mustered
his
souldiers
in
Italy
,
having
destroyed
this
City
according
to
the
manner
of
Mahomet
2.
his
Prince
,
he
made
new
fortifications
in
the
city
,
whereupon
were
afterward
made
by
our
ancestors
so
many
fortresses
through
all
Europe
,
that
they
seemed
invincible
.
And
this
city
is
so
near
to
Greece
,
that
it
is
scant
distant
50
miles
,
The
distance
between
Otranto
and
Greece
.
and
therefore
in
this
place
I
think
first
Pirrhus
,
and
after
M.
Varro
purposed
to
joyn
Italy
with
Greece
by
a
bridg
of
ships
.
Here
also
begins
the
Adriatick
Gulf
,
which
is
divided
from
the
Ionian
sea
,
as
it
were
by
a
line
or
path
,
Where
the
Adriatick
Gulf
beginneth
.
although
many
say
it
hath
its
beginning
from
the
Mount
St.
Angelo
;
or
rather
according
to
some
,
from
Ancona
.
This
great
gulf
had
its
name
from
the
city
of
Adria
,
the
which
lying
crooked
as
it
were
a
horn
,
more
then
any
other
gulf
of
the
Mediterrane
,
even
to
Tieste
,
separating
Italy
from
Sclavonia
,
being
on
the
right
side
full
of
Havens
,
and
having
very
few
on
the
left
,
and
oftentimes
so
tempestuous
,
whereupon
grew
this
Proverb
amond
the
Ancients
,
Adria
furiosior
;
it
is
now
called
the
gulf
of
Venice
,
that
famous
City
giving
the
name
by
a
Ring
of
Gold
,
which
the
Duke
casteth
in
on
the
Ascention
day
,
the
Popes
Legat
being
present
.
Why
it
was
called
the
Gulf
of
Venice
.
The
Lake
of
Liminiti
.
Brindesi
.
And
continuing
this
course
are
to
he
seen
near
the
Lake
of
Liminiti
certain
ruins
,
which
declare
the
greatness
of
the
Emperor
Adrian
.
After
comes
the
Haven
of
St.
Cataldo
,
and
Brindesi
,
which
was
sometimes
one
of
the
chiefest
cities
in
Italy
;
for
all
the
shipping
from
the
East
arived
here
;
and
now
through
discord
and
dissention
it
is
half
desart
.
And
therefore
the
aire
is
very
unwholsome
,
a
thing
which
hapneth
to
all
great
cities
,
why
the
air
is
no
better
,
is
the
want
of
inhabitants
(
because
they
dry
up
the
moist
and
moorish
places
with
their
tillage
,
and
cut
down
the
woods
that
are
too
thick
,
and
with
fire
purge
the
ill
air
,
and
with
high
buildings
have
that
which
is
good
)
so
contrarily
there
is
nothing
worse
then
the
solitude
of
great
cities
,
because
not
only
they
are
deprived
of
the
abovesaid
helps
,
but
of
the
houses
themselves
,
and
their
ruine
is
the
receptacle
of
corruption
,
which
appeared
in
Aquileia
,
Rome
,
Ravenna
,
Alexandria
in
Egipt
,
and
also
Bagdel
.
For
the
which
cause
the
Greeks
did
not
too
excessively
inlarge
their
cities
.
Plato
and
Aristotle
,
how
great
they
would
have
a
City
to
be
.
The
Haven
of
Brundesi
.
Plato
would
not
that
his
should
exceed
five
thousand
Families
;
Aristotle
,
that
all
his
people
at
one
instant
might
hear
the
voice
of
the
Crier
.
The
Haven
of
Brindesi
is
like
to
the
head
of
a
hart
,
whose
horns
compass
the
city
within
it
,
because
it
is
divided
in
two
,
it
is
barred
up
with
a
chain
,
the
outward
part
is
guarded
by
two
rocks
,
and
an
Island
,
the
mouth
of
it
is
very
deep
,
but
in
the
Wars
between
K.
Alfonsus
and
the
Venetians
,
a
ship
sunk
to
the
bottom
,
which
choked
it
in
such
manner
,
that
hardly
a
Gally
can
pass
.
Here
we
incounter
two
Vallies
digged
by
hand
,
which
brings
in
the
sea
on
the
right
hand
,
and
the
left
side
of
the
city
lieth
in
such
sort
,
that
it
makes
almost
an
Island
.
It
hath
two
fortresses
,
one
within
the
two
horns
,
built
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
second
of
square
stone
,
very
beautifully
built
;
the
other
in
the
●sle
of
St.
Andrea
.
At
the
mouth
of
the
outward
haven
,
built
by
King
Alfonsus
of
Aragon
.
Strabo
cals
this
city
Brundusium
,
By
whom
Brindesi
was
built
.
and
others
write
that
it
was
builded
by
the
Etoli
,
and
afterward
inhabited
by
the
Cretesi
,
which
came
with
Theseus
and
Gnoso
,
and
at
last
it
was
a
colony
of
the
Romans
,
and
in
old
time
was
of
so
great
power
,
that
L.
Floro
saith
it
was
the
head
of
the
Salentini
.
M
Pacuvio
,
the
Tragical
Poet
,
the
nephew
of
Ennius
on
whose
Tomb
saith
A.
Gellio
,
was
ingraven
this
Epitaph
.
Adolescens
,
temetsi
properas
,
hoc
te
saxum
rogat
,
Vt
se
aspicias
;
deinde
quod
scriptum
est
,
legas
.
Hic
sunt
poetae
Pacuvii
Marsi
sita
Ossa
;
hoc
volebam
,
nescius
ne
esses
:
vale
.
There
lieth
with
great
reverence
in
the
principal
church
thereof
,
the
bodies
of
St.
Theodoro
and
Pelino
,
Martyrs
,
and
there
is
to
be
seen
all
the
whole
tongue
of
St.
Ierome
.
The
noble
Families
that
are
in
this
city
,
are
these
following
,
Balzo
,
Bove
,
Caracciolo
,
Catignano
,
Cuggio
,
d'
Eredia
,
Fornaro
,
Pando
,
Pascale
,
Pizzica
,
Ramondo
,
Scomafora
,
Sasso
,
Tomasino
,
Villanova
,
Vacchedani
,
and
others
.
Between
Brindesi
and
Otranto
,
every
place
is
full
of
Olives
;
but
from
Brindesi
to
Ostuni
(
for
the
space
of
24
miles
)
there
is
nothing
but
bushes
and
woods
.
Brindesi
is
distant
from
Rome
360
miles
,
Matera
.
and
from
Durazzo
220.
On
the
Mediterrane
lieth
in
a
corner
of
the
River
Bradano
,
Matera
,
the
which
some
say
should
be
Acheronitia
,
Matera
is
distant
from
Gravina
twelve
miles
,
and
is
very
famous
for
the
strangeness
of
the
situation
thereof
,
and
for
the
multitude
of
people
,
and
in
it
is
a
Mine
of
Boalarmonack
,
The
Mine
of
Boalearmonack
.
The
Poet
Eustachio
.
which
is
of
excellent
nature
to
heal
a
wound
,
and
the
bloudy
flux
,
and
the
biting
of
venomous
creatures
;
and
moreover
there
is
a
Mine
of
Saltpeter
.
Eustachio
,
said
to
be
of
Materea
,
was
a
citizen
thereof
,
a
Phisician
which
in
verse
writ
of
the
vertue
of
the
Baths
of
Pozzuolo
,
and
also
M.
Vito
of
Matera
,
a
very
learned
man
of
the
Order
of
St·
Dominick
,
was
a
citizen
thereof
,
as
the
Chronicle
of
the
Order
of
Preachers
makes
mention
,
saying
,
Nec
defuit
Italia
dare
nobis
fratrem
vitum
de
Matera
sydus
,
atque
alterum
longe
clarius
.
Following
that
way
,
Motola
.
Misagne·
Otra
.
we
come
to
Motola
,
Misagne
,
and
Otra
,
which
hath
the
title
of
a
Marquiss
:
and
a
little
farther
appears
the
ruines
of
Baleso
,
but
without
that
famous
fountain
,
being
either
lost
,
or
otherwise
having
changed
its
course
.
Afterward
is
to
be
seen
Leccie
,
Leccie
.
where
resides
the
Councel
of
State
and
the
Nobility
of
the
Province
,
which
hath
such
a
residence
,
such
buildings
,
and
the
precinct
of
such
a
country
,
and
so
great
civility
,
that
it
seems
as
a
little
Naples
.
Carlo
Sigonio
cals
this
city
Aletium
,
and
others
Licium
,
which
as
some
write
was
built
by
Idomeneo
a
Greek
,
Captain
of
the
Cretian
souldiers
,
and
called
it
Litio
,
of
his
own
country
.
Others
say
that
it
was
not
Idomeneo
,
but
Malennio
King
of
the
Salentini
that
built
it
;
but
howsoever
it
is
not
to
be
doubted
but
it
is
ancient
.
Afterward
it
increased
in
people
by
the
ruine
of
Lupia
,
The
Epitaph
on
the
Tomb
of
the
Poet
Ennius
.
and
of
Rudia
the
natural
place
of
the
Poet
Ennius
,
which
as
Cicero
writeth
,
upon
his
Tomb
were
ingraven
these
verses
,
Aspicite
O
cives
senis
Ennii
imaginis
urnam
,
Hic
vestrum
panxit
maxima
facta
patrum
.
Nemo
me
Lacrimis
decoret
,
nec
funera
fletu
Faxit
?
cur
?
volito
viva
per
ora
virum
.
This
City
hath
an
excellent
fruitfull
Territory
with
pleasant
Gardens
,
and
about
it
is
a
Grove
of
Olive
trees
of
forty
miles
,
which
yields
a
very
fair
prospect
.
Within
the
said
city
besides
many
goodly
churches
,
there
are
also
13
convents
of
Friers
,
8
of
Munks
,
and
two
honourable
and
worthy
Hospitals
.
The
citizens
thereof
are
generally
given
to
Arms
and
Learning
,
and
all
apparel
themselves
very
costly
.
This
city
hath
brought
forth
among
others
,
excellent
men
of
War
,
as
Leonardo
Prato
Knight
of
Ierusalem
,
Bailief
of
Venosa
,
which
as
Bembo
writeth
,
was
one
of
the
best
Captains
of
his
time
,
Bembo
in
the
●
.
book
of
the
History
of
Venice
.
and
in
the
enterprise
of
the
Rodes
kild
in
a
single
combat
a
Turkish
Giant
,
which
very
often
had
overcome
valiant
Christian
Captains
,
he
being
very
expert
in
the
Wars
,
served
the
Commonwealth
of
Venice
with
such
general
applause
,
that
after
his
death
the
said
Commonwealth
erected
a
Statue
of
Marble
,
which
at
this
present
is
to
be
seen
in
the
Church
of
St.
Iohn
and
Paul
,
with
this
subscription
,
Leornardum
Pratum
militem
fortissimum
,
&
ex
provocatione
semper
victorem
.
Praefectum
Ferdinandi
junioris
,
&
Frederici
Regum
Neap.
ob
virtutem
terrestribus
,
navalibusque
preliis
foelicissimum
magnis
,
This
Leonardo
Prato
Guicciardino
,
and
others
say
,
was
of
Naples
,
but
it
is
not
true
.
clarissimisque
rebus
pro
veneta
Republica
gestis
,
pugnantem
ab
hoste
cesum
.
Leonardus
Loredanus
Princeps
,
&
amplissimus
ordo
Senatorius
prudentiae
,
a●
sortitudinis
ergo
,
statua
haec
aequestri
donandum
censuit
.
Scipio
Ammirato
,
an
excellent
Historian
,
liveth
at
this
present
with
much
honour
to
this
city
,
which
for
his
rare
qualities
is
much
esteemed
by
the
Duke
of
Tuscan
.
Going
a
little
forward
through
this
pleasant
and
delightfull
country
,
is
situate
upon
a
hill
the
City
Ogento
,
by
Ptolomeo
called
Vxentum
,
which
hath
the
title
of
a
Count
subject
to
the
house
of
Orsina
;
and
walking
certain
miles
appeareth
the
fair
country
of
St.
Pietro
in
Galatina
,
Ogento
.
St.
Pietro
in
Galatina
.
the
natural
country
of
Marc.
Antonio
Zimara
,
and
of
Theophilus
his
son
,
an
excellent
Philosopher
.
Departing
from
thence
,
and
walking
a
mile
appeareth
Soleto
,
called
by
Pliny
Soletum
,
of
which
place
was
Matteo
,
called
of
Soleto
,
the
famous
Nigromant
.
Hard
by
is
the
worthy
country
of
Galatena
,
to
the
which
Antonio
(
called
the
Galatean
)
hath
given
great
honour
,
a
Philosopher
,
Orator
,
Poet
,
and
an
excellent
Cosmographer
,
Galatena
.
whose
Works
are
well
known
,
he
was
dearly
esteemed
of
King
Fardinando
of
Aragon
,
and
of
King
Frederick
,
from
whom
he
obtained
many
bountifull
gifts
;
he
departed
this
life
with
much
honour
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
1509.
in
the
city
of
Lecce
,
on
whose
Tomb
remaineth
this
Epitaph
:
Qui
novit
medicas
artes
,
&
sydera
coeli
Hac
Galateus
humo
conditus
ille
jacet
Qui
coelum
,
terramque
animo
concepit
Olympum
Cernite
mortales
quam
brevis
urna
tegit
.
The
fields
of
this
country
are
fruitfull
,
and
yield
all
sorts
of
corn
,
wine
,
and
oyle
▪
the
Marquiss
thereof
is
Cosmo
Pinelli
,
the
son
of
Galeazzo
,
Duke
of
Acerenza
,
a
Lord
warthily
qualified
,
very
vertuous
and
kind
,
and
as
he
hath
an
honourable
presence
,
and
a
Princely
port
,
loves
not
only
Arms
,
but
Learning
also
,
Cosmo
Pinelli
,
Marquiss
of
Galatena
.
wherein
is
added
further
perfection
in
the
full
felicity
of
a
flowing
wit
,
graciously
to
express
his
noble
and
high
magnanimity
,
whereby
he
doth
not
a
jot
degenerate
from
his
worthy
progenitors
.
Walking
along
we
may
discover
certain
small
Villages
and
Castles
here
,
and
there
near
these
places
,
which
being
of
no
great
importance
,
I
think
best
to
omit
.
Going
from
Galatena
six
miles
,
appeareth
Paravita
,
Paravita
:
Nardo
.
and
Nardo
,
a
city
very
fair
and
ancient
,
which
Ptolomy
calleth
Neritum
,
where
is
often
seen
in
the
air
,
the
southwind
blowing
,
as
it
were
in
a
glass
,
the
likeness
of
those
things
which
are
round
about
,
the
common
people
that
knows
not
the
reason
or
cause
thereof
,
imputeth
it
to
a
diabolical
illusion
,
whereas
the
reason
is
the
disposition
of
the
place
,
and
the
quality
of
the
air
,
which
is
made
thick
through
the
superfluous
and
excessive
humidity
opposite
unto
it
:
hard
by
are
to
be
seen
the
ruines
of
Veste
,
where
not
long
since
were
discovered
certain
Epitaphs
of
the
ancient
Letters
of
Messapie
.
Afterward
we
come
to
Casalnuovo
,
edified
by
the
ruines
of
the
ancient
Mandurio
,
which
hath
a
very
fruitfull
Territory
.
But
coming
now
to
an
end
of
this
Province
,
Casalnovo
Mandurio
.
The
nature
&
quality
of
the
inhabitants
of
this
Province
.
it
remaineth
that
we
declare
something
of
the
Inhabitants
,
the
which
generally
are
very
strong
,
and
of
a
comely
constitution
,
simple
in
behaviour
,
and
more
neat
then
those
that
dwell
near
unto
them
,
their
proper
language
seems
to
be
divers
,
for
some
speak
with
the
pallat
,
others
with
the
pallat
and
the
brest
,
and
in
all
appears
a
strong
and
ingenious
wit
,
and
in
their
apparel
very
decent
and
comely
.
They
apply
themselves
much
to
Arms
,
and
those
that
are
exercised
in
Learning
prove
very
excellent
.
Whereupon
I
do
believe
that
which
a
wiseman
feigned
,
that
here
Mars
and
Minerva
should
incounter
,
only
for
that
it
seemeth
that
the
most
part
of
men
therein
are
imployed
in
Learning
and
Arms.
The
Arms
of
this
Province
is
or
.
four
pales
gu
.
a
Dolphin
proper
,
in
his
mouth
a
Cressent
argent
.
The
arms
of
the
region
of
Otranto
.
The
original
of
the
which
Arms
was
in
the
year
1481.
At
the
time
that
Alfonsus
of
Aragon
Duke
of
Calauria
,
the
son
of
Ferdinando
the
first
King
of
Naples
,
drove
away
the
Turks
from
the
city
of
Otronto
,
and
other
places
;
whereupon
the
men
of
this
Province
willing
to
shew
that
great
service
which
the
King
had
done
for
them
,
in
delivering
them
from
the
hands
of
the
wicked
Tyrant
Mahumet
the
second
,
Emperor
of
the
Turks
,
for
this
cause
devised
the
said
Arms
,
declaring
by
the
four
pales
gu
.
in
the
field
or
.
the
Arms
of
the
King
Fardinando
of
Aragon
.
The
Dolphin
was
no
new
invention
,
but
very
ancient
,
for
so
much
as
the
monuments
declare
,
that
the
Dolphin
with
Neptune
were
the
proper
ensignes
of
the
country
of
the
Salentini
;
but
only
they
added
the
half-moon
in
the
mouth
of
the
Dolphin
,
noting
thereby
that
the
new
Seigniory
which
the
Tyrant
Mahumet
endeavoured
to
hold
in
this
worthy
Province
,
was
by
the
care
and
diligence
of
the
valiant
Alfonsus
,
and
the
vertue
of
the
Inhabitants
thereof
taken
from
him
:
The
Countrey
of
BARY
,
The
eighth
Province
of
the
Kingdom
of
NAPLES
.
THe
fertile
and
fruitfull
Province
of
the
Country
of
Bary
,
was
in
old
time
called
Apulia
Pucetia
,
of
Pucetio
the
brother
of
Enotrio
,
and
son
of
Licaone
,
which
with
many
followers
departed
from
Greece
375
years
before
the
Wars
of
Troy
,
and
setled
themselves
in
this
place
,
the
which
people
were
sometimes
called
Pucetii
,
and
sometimes
Pedicoli
,
and
were
the
first
men
sent
out
of
Greece
to
dwell
elsewhere
.
Also
the
said
people
which
inhabited
between
the
Territory
of
Taranto
,
Brindesi
,
and
the
River
Aufido
,
were
named
Etoli
,
of
Etolia
of
Greece
,
the
people
whereof
came
into
these
places
to
inhabit
,
as
certain
Writers
affirm
,
the
Pediculi
being
droven
from
thence
,
remained
therein
.
What
these
Pediculi
were
,
Strabo
declares
in
his
sixth
book
,
and
Pliny
in
the
third
;
and
say
that
they
were
nine
youths
,
and
as
many
wenches
which
departed
from
Illiria
,
and
here
inhabited
,
from
whom
descended
13
people
,
and
to
the
end
they
might
dwell
the
more
securely
,
built
many
Castles
,
and
were
called
Pediculi
,
that
is
to
say
,
boys
or
children
.
At
this
present
it
is
called
the
Land
of
Bary
,
from
the
city
of
Bary
,
anciently
called
Iapigia
,
and
Baretum
,
the
head
of
this
Province
,
in
the
which
city
in
a
stately
church
wherein
with
great
reverence
is
preserved
the
body
of
St.
Nicholas
,
sometimes
Bishop
of
Licia
,
from
whom
continually
issueth
(
as
is
said
)
a
certain
liquor
,
called
by
the
Citizens
Manna
,
which
is
an
admirable
thing
,
and
the
Priests
which
have
the
keeping
thereof
use
to
bestow
on
those
that
come
thither
,
little
viols
of
glass
full
of
the
said
Manna
.
The
said
Church
is
served
by
a
hundred
beneficed
Priests
.
The
bounds
of
this
Province
was
according
to
Strabo
and
Pliny
,
from
the
Territory
of
Taranto
,
and
of
the
Brindesi
,
along
unto
the
River
Fortoro
,
from
thence
by
the
Mount
Gargano
,
The
limits
&
fertility
of
this
country
of
Bari
.
and
towards
the
Adriatick
Sea
,
or
rather
Ionian
(
according
to
Ptolomy
)
even
to
the
Lucani
,
and
the
Irpini
,
and
the
Sanniti
,
and
so
the
said
bounds
have
on
the
South
the
Salentini
,
Lucani
,
and
Irpini
,
on
the
North
the
coast
of
Ionian
,
and
Adriatick
,
on
the
West
the
River
Fortoro
,
the
limit
of
the
Caraceni
,
and
Ferrentani
,
now
called
Abruzzo
.
The
goodness
and
fertility
of
this
Province
is
very
great
,
for
it
yields
Grain
,
Wine
,
Oyl
,
Barley
,
Beans
,
Fitches
,
Annis
,
Comin
,
Coriander
,
Saffron
,
and
Bombace
.
There
are
great
Woods
of
Almons
and
Olives
,
so
bigg-bodied
and
so
high
,
that
it
seems
that
nature
hath
brought
them
forth
as
a
wonder
unto
men
.
And
to
be
brief
,
so
great
is
the
difference
of
these
Trees
,
from
those
which
grow
elsewhere
,
as
is
between
the
wild
Olives
and
those
which
are
planted
,
and
also
of
the
greatness
of
the
bodies
,
and
their
admirable
height
,
with
the
fashion
of
their
boughs
,
whereupon
the
Ancients
have
said
that
they
were
dedicated
to
Minerva
,
The
fable
of
the
nymph
Fillida
.
and
have
also
feigned
that
in
these
places
was
hanged
Filida
the
Nymph
;
and
is
no
less
plentifull
of
Oringes
,
Limons
,
and
other
the
like
fruitfull
Trees
,
as
well
for
the
benefit
of
living
creatures
,
as
for
pleasure
;
besides
there
is
excellent
hunting
,
both
for
fowls
,
and
also
wild
beasts
.
The
Sea
thereof
hath
great
store
of
good
fishes
,
the
air
is
very
chearfull
and
temperate
,
but
the
waters
are
otherwise
,
for
they
are
gross
and
brackish
.
Barletta
.
There
are
on
the
side
of
the
Sea
these
Cities
and
Countrys
following
,
Barletta
,
of
later
Latinists
called
Barolum
,
a
worthy
City
,
rich
and
full
of
people
,
built
by
the
inhabiters
of
Canusio
,
but
inlarged
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
second
.
In
the
midst
of
the
Market-place
of
this
noble
City
is
a
great
Statue
of
Mettal
of
ten
yards
high
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
,
although
the
Barletani
affirm
that
it
is
the
Image
of
the
Emp.
Heraclio
,
nevertheless
the
first
opinion
is
truest
.
There
is
also
a
very
strong
castle
,
which
is
accounted
one
of
the
four
that
are
so
famous
in
Italy
.
Presently
follows
the
fair
,
The
city
Trani
Don
Ferrant
Gonzaga
,
Prince
of
Molfetta
.
Nicola
di
Giovenezzo
companion
of
St.
Dominick
.
city
of
Trany
,
named
by
Pliny
,
Trinium
▪
built
by
Terreno
the
son
of
Diomides
and
repaired
by
the
Emperor
Trajan
.
Hard
by
is
Molfetta
,
a
city
full
of
civility
,
which
with
the
title
of
a
Prince
is
possest
by
the
Lord
Don
Ferrant
Gonzaga
,
chief
Justicer
in
the
Kingdom
.
Nicolo
,
sirnamed
of
Giovenazzo
,
companion
of
St.
Dominick
,
gave
the
name
to
this
City
,
to
whom
was
revealed
the
manner
of
conveying
his
bones
,
as
is
to
be
read
in
the
book
of
the
famous
men
of
the
Order
of
Preachers
.
Walking
along
we
come
to
Mola
,
Saint
Vito
,
Polignano
,
St.
Stefano
,
and
Villanova
.
Farther
within
the
land
are
these
cities
,
Monopoli
,
Monopoli
.
built
by
the
ruines
of
Egnatia
,
to
which
City
hath
grown
great
honour
by
Bartholomeo
Sibilla
of
the
Order
of
Preachers
,
an
excellent
Philosopher
and
Divine
,
and
C●millo
Querno
,
a
singular
Poet
who
lived
in
the
time
of
Pope
Leo
,
Ostuno
,
Ceglie
,
Conversano
,
Gioia
,
Rotigliano
,
Altamura
,
Acquaviva
,
Cassano
,
Monorvino
,
Modugno
,
Terlizzi
,
Rutigliano
,
Quarato
,
Pulignano
,
and
Biseglia
,
called
in
old
time
Vigile
,
a
noble
city
and
full
of
Traffick
,
wherein
was
found
the
bodies
of
St.
Mauro
Bishop
of
Sergio
,
and
Pantaleone
,
martyred
for
the
Christian
faith
,
being
revealed
to
Francesco
del
Balzo
d'
Andri
,
Lord
of
this
city
,
who
caused
them
to
be
put
with
great
reverence
in
an
honourable
Sepulchre
,
The
city
Gravina
,
why
it
was
so
called
.
from
which
riseth
(
as
they
say
)
continually
a
precious
liquor
called
Manna
.
After
follows
Bitetto
,
Ruvo
,
and
Gravina
a
great
city
,
very
fair
and
civil
,
the
which
with
the
title
of
a
Duke
is
anciently
possest
by
the
worthy
Family
Orsina
,
Don
Antonio
Ors●no
is
the
present
Duke
thereof
,
a
young
man
,
which
is
very
likely
to
imitate
the
honourable
steps
of
Duke
Ferrant
his
father
of
worthy
memory
.
And
the
said
Gravina
was
the
Garner
and
Store-house
of
Puglia
,
for
the
inestimable
quantity
of
corn
which
was
gathered
in
the
Territory
thereof
;
and
there
is
one
notable
thing
which
is
there
done
every
summer
by
the
Stork
,
whereby
the
country
receiveth
no
small
benefit
by
the
destruction
of
Serpents
which
breed
there
too
plentifully
▪
which
the
Storks
feed
upon
;
whereupon
I
will
not
conceal
the
manner
observed
by
this
bird
in
killing
that
venomous
creature
,
The
batel
which
the
stork
makes
with
the
serpent
.
as
the
people
of
the
country
report
,
and
is
at
all
times
to
be
seen
.
The
Stork
hath
a
very
long
beak
,
bigg
and
sharp
pointed
,
and
making
one
of
his
wings
to
serve
as
a
buckler
,
which
is
very
great
among
the
bigg
quils
thereof
,
thrusteth
his
beak
in
and
out
,
being
accompanied
with
a
very
long
neck
,
so
fiercely
pricketh
and
gripeth
his
enemy
,
untill
he
kill
him
,
and
afterward
taking
him
in
his
mouth
carrieth
him
to
his
nest
,
oftentimes
flying
within
the
view
of
the
city
.
And
it
is
to
be
noted
that
in
this
combat
was
never
seen
any
stork
killed
by
the
serpent
;
whereupon
the
Dukes
have
alwaies
observed
by
a
penal
Act
to
punish
whomsoever
killeth
any
stork
,
and
therefore
they
live
familiarly
with
them
.
The
Arms
of
Gravina
are
certain
ears
of
Corn
,
and
bunches
of
Grapes
,
to
declare
how
much
the
Territory
thereof
aboundeth
with
these
two
sorts
of
fruits
,
that
is
to
say
Corn
and
Wine
,
whereupon
some
think
from
thence
it
taketh
its
name
.
In
this
Province
is
Bitonto
,
so
called
as
it
were
bonum
totum
,
it
is
a
rich
and
a
populous
city
;
Bitonto
.
the
Territory
thereof
is
very
fertile
,
for
so
much
as
it
yields
besides
Wine
,
Oyle
,
and
Corn
,
Almons
,
and
Oringes
,
and
Limons
in
great
abundance
.
Iulius
Acquaviva
Duke
of
Atri
was
Marquiss
of
Bitonto
.
This
country
is
famous
by
the
means
of
Antonio
the
Divine
,
an
excellent
Preacher
,
and
Mariano
likewise
a
Divine
of
great
name
in
his
time
.
Cornelio
Musso
Bishop
of
Bitonto
.
Adri.
Canosa
.
Cornelio
Musso
the
Bishop
doth
also
increase
the
honour
of
this
city
,
an
admirable
and
incomparable
Preacher
,
whose
Works
are
generally
known
.
There
is
Andri
the
renowned
and
beautifull
City
,
and
likewise
Canosa
,
near
ancient
Canna
,
where
Maherbal
Captain
of
the
horse
said
unto
Hannibal
,
Vincere
scis
Annibal
,
sed
victoria
uti
nescis
,
because
he
obtaining
the
victory
of
Canna
,
went
not
presently
to
Rome
,
as
he
was
advised
.
In
this
Province
are
bred
a
great
multitude
of
venomous
serpents
,
called
the
Tarantole
,
which
Latinists
call
Phalangi
,
The
tarantole
and
their
nature
,
see
Alexander
of
Alexandria
in
the
2
lib.
of
thes.
Geniale
.
cap.
17
The
quality
and
condition
of
the
men
of
this
Province
.
which
are
certain
living
creatures
little
differing
from
the
likeness
of
a
frog
,
which
with
often
biting
,
so
envenometh
that
the
infection
cannot
be
cured
,
but
with
musick
,
dansing
,
singing
,
and
colours
,
and
without
these
means
they
cannot
live
.
The
men
of
this
Province
are
generally
of
great
courage
,
and
very
forward
in
military
affairs
,
but
very
frail
,
and
unable
to
incounter
adversity
,
whereof
grew
this
proverb
,
That
in
the
beginning
of
the
battel
they
are
more
then
men
,
but
in
the
end
less
then
women
.
They
are
for
the
most
part
of
a
swart
complexion
,
and
of
a
tall
stature
,
in
conversation
courteous
,
and
painfull
in
their
affairs
,
they
abstain
marvelously
from
stealing
,
in
taking
parts
,
and
in
bargaing
they
are
very
honest
,
and
seldom
is
any
contention
among
them
,
the
women
are
beautifull
,
loving
,
and
compleat
.
Some
have
thought
,
because
there
is
no
Iron
in
this
country
,
they
had
in
old
time
little
use
of
swords
,
but
only
a
long
staff
pointed
with
a
little
iron
,
which
served
them
to
fight
and
defend
themselves
;
but
having
the
enemy
in
a
streight
,
or
a
little
distant
,
the
footmen
cast
darts
and
other
weapons
,
going
to
skirmish
,
they
wore
only
one
coat
,
they
had
their
Targets
painted
with
divers
colours
,
and
very
few
used
any
mail
;
but
at
this
present
it
is
otherwise
;
for
there
is
not
a
boy
that
knows
not
how
with
good
aim
to
discharge
a
peece
,
The
arms
of
this
Province
,
and
the
signification
thereof
.
and
almost
every
one
is
trained
up
in
the
practice
of
military
affairs
.
The
Arms
of
this
Province
is
per
salter
azur
and
argent
,
a
crosier
or
Bishops
staff
or
.
These
Arms
as
I
think
,
signifie
by
the
corners
,
the
bounds
thereof
,
which
divide
it
from
the
other
Provinces
,
and
by
the
Bishops
staff
,
should
seem
to
declare
the
devotion
of
St.
Nicholas
,
and
so
much
the
more
we
may
believe
it
,
in
so
much
as
the
body
of
the
said
Saint
lieth
in
the
principal
City
of
this
City
.
ABRUZZO
On
this
side
the
ninth
Province
of
the
Kingdom
OF
NAPLES
.
ABRVZZO
is
the
coldest
part
of
all
the
Kingdom
,
but
the
Province
is
very
famous
,
for
the
puissance
and
glory
of
the
ancient
Sanniti
,
which
are
the
Pentri
,
Amiternini
,
Precutini
,
The
Sanniti
&
their
inhabiters
.
Marci
,
Caraceni
,
Vestini
,
Marracini
,
and
Irpini
;
although
Pliny
also
addeth
the
Frentani
,
and
Peligni
.
All
these
people
descend
of
the
Sannity
,
from
the
City
of
Sannio
,
called
in
old
time
Samnum
,
where
the
Sabines
remained
,
being
arived
in
these
places
,
from
whom
the
said
Sannity
derive
their
original
.
Of
what
power
and
authority
these
people
have
been
,
would
be
a
thing
no
less
difficult
then
tedious
to
recite
,
insomuch
as
their
Empire
became
so
great
,
that
they
overan
,
sacking
and
spoyling
even
to
Ardea
of
the
Latines
,
and
also
to
Campania
felix
,
How
long
the
war
continued
between
the
Sannites
and
the
Romans
.
whereby
they
held
War
in
these
countries
the
space
of
80
years
,
oftentimes
incountring
the
Romans
with
victory
,
and
after
divers
fortunes
both
on
the
one
and
the
other
side
,
in
the
end
they
became
so
subject
by
the
means
of
the
Fabii
and
the
Papirii
,
both
the
fathers
and
their
sons
,
that
they
could
never
any
more
strive
against
them
.
The
History
is
well
known
of
the
famous
exploit
at
the
gallows
of
Caudine
,
when
under
the
Consulship
of
Vetturio
and
Posthumio
,
the
Romans
being
there
intrapped
,
The
valley
of
Caudine
.
were
afterward
inforced
by
Pontio
Captain
of
the
Sanniti
,
to
pass
dishonourable
under
the
yoke
,
the
which
being
indured
by
the
Romans
with
a
silent
disdain
,
within
awhile
after
was
revenged
with
a
notable
overthrow
given
unto
them
under
the
most
valiant
Cursor
L.
Papirio
,
the
which
is
discoursed
at
large
by
Titus
Livius
.
At
this
present
(
as
is
elsewhere
declared
)
where
is
named
the
Gallows
Caudine
,
is
called
the
streight
of
Arpaia
,
and
where
the
Romans
past
under
the
yoke
,
is
the
yoke
of
St.
Mary
,
and
the
Valley
Caudine
is
eight
miles
distant
from
Benevento
.
Strabo
speaking
of
the
Sannity
,
thus
saith
,
Sannites
postremo
à
Sylla
deleti
sunt
,
quos
cum
caeteris
Italis
bello
fractis
,
solos
arma
retinentes
,
ac
Romam
oppugnantes
,
vide●et
,
alios
in
fuga
cecidit
,
alios
abjectis
armis
se
dedentes
ad
quatuor
millia
in
villa
publica
,
quae
in
Campo
Martio
est
trucidavit
,
fractisque
proscriptionibus
,
non
ante
destitit
,
quam
universum
Sannitium
nomen
deleverit
,
aut
Italia
fugarit
.
The
Region
of
Sannio
was
more
in
length
then
in
breadth
,
for
it
had
on
the
North
the
Ferentani
and
Pugliesi
,
on
the
South
the
Campani
and
Lucany
,
on
the
West
the
Ausoni
with
Piligni
,
and
on
the
East
the
same
Lucani
and
Pugliesi
.
The
confines
of
the
country
of
the
Sannites
.
Who
were
the
worthiest
people
of
the
Sannites
.
Why
it
was
called
Abruzzo
The
limits
of
Abruzzo
Where
Abruz●●
hath
its
beginning
.
The
worthiest
people
of
all
the
Sanniti
were
the
Pentri
,
Caraceni
and
Hirpini
;
from
whom
this
country
of
Abruzzo
derived
its
name
,
there
are
sundry
opinions
,
for
some
say
,
they
were
called
by
the
Latines
Aprutium
,
because
it
is
mountenous
and
full
of
wild
hoggs
.
Others
affirm
that
a
part
of
Abruzzo
being
sometimee
inhabited
by
the
Precutini
,
time
having
corrupted
the
word
▪
instead
of
Precutio
,
was
called
Aprutio
.
I
name
this
Province
Abruzzo
,
as
it
is
by
the
Kings
Court
,
and
as
at
this
present
it
is
commonly
called
,
changing
the
letter
P.
into
B.
.
The
bounds
of
Abruzzo
had
on
the
East
the
River
Fortore
,
Tronto
on
the
West
,
on
the
North
the
Adriatick
Sea
,
and
on
the
South
the
Apennine
Hils
,
and
moreover
also
it
had
on
the
East
the
Plain
Puglia
,
with
the
River
Fortore
,
on
the
West
part
of
the
Sabines
,
Picentini
,
and
Campani
,
with
Latium
,
the
Equicoli
along
the
Apennine
,
as
much
on
the
one
side
of
the
said
Hill
,
as
is
on
the
other
.
It
now
taketh
its
beginning
from
the
mouth
of
the
River
Pescara
,
and
goeth
along
the
shore
of
the
Adriatick
sea
,
even
to
the
mouth
of
Fortore
,
where
it
ends
with
Capitanato
,
leaving
by
that
Province
the
City
of
Teramo
,
and
between
the
Land
with
Abruzzo
on
the
other
side
,
and
that
branch
of
the
River
Pescara
,
which
rising
from
the
streight
of
Valata
,
passeth
by
the
foot
of
the
Apennine
against
the
Land
of
Popoli
,
and
near
it
entreth
into
the
Valley
called
Itramonti
;
leaving
all
the
country
which
hath
the
River
on
the
right
side
;
and
a
little
higder
above
the
Marsi
are
the
Apennine
Hils
,
where
the
River
Sangro
springeth
,
which
riseth
from
that
obscure
Valley
of
Barrea
,
which
they
call
the
Kings
Valley
,
in
the
Plain
near
the
castle
of
Sangro
,
which
divides
this
Province
from
the
county
of
Molise
.
This
Province
is
partly
plain
,
and
partly
mountainous
,
and
hath
great
plenty
of
Rivers
,
and
great
and
thick
Woods
,
and
the
Territory
thereof
is
very
fertile
,
for
it
bringeth
forth
Wine
,
Grain
,
Oyle
,
Rice
,
Barley
,
and
other
Corn
,
and
everywhere
is
gathered
great
abundance
of
excellent
Saffron
▪
And
although
the
air
be
somewhat
cold
,
nevertheless
the
amenity
of
the
country
is
sweetned
thereby
with
so
good
a
temper
,
and
such
plenty
of
fruits
,
and
heards
of
cattel
,
and
abundance
of
wild
beasts
,
besides
ravenous
creatures
,
as
wolves
and
bears
.
Some
think
that
the
Frentani
were
the
most
valiant
people
of
all
Italy
,
but
(
as
I
think
)
they
were
much
deceived
,
having
not
first
well
considered
the
words
of
Pliny
,
who
describing
the
Region
of
the
Frentani
,
saith
it
makes
the
fourth
,
which
from
the
River
Tiferno
beginneth
the
fourth
Region
of
the
Frentani
,
so
that
by
these
valiant
people
he
meaneth
the
Frentani
themselves
,
and
the
Marrucini
,
which
came
afterward
,
and
the
Peligni
,
and
the
Precutini
;
and
who
readeth
the
Roman
Histories
,
may
know
that
the
squadrons
of
the
Peligni
were
preferred
before
all
the
Latine
Nations
.
The
principal
city
of
this
Region
is
called
at
this
Present
Civita
di
Chieti
,
Peligni
the
most
valiant
people
of
all
Italy
.
Civita
di
Chieti
▪
the
chief
city
of
this
Province
.
Pepin
the
s●n
of
Charls
the
g●eat
,
for
what
cause
he
destr●yed
Civita
di
〈◊〉
.
named
by
Ptolomy
Teatea
,
and
of
Pliny
Theate
,
and
also
of
Strabo
,
Theate
,
and
was
so
called
by
Theata
the
mother
of
Achilles
.
Both
these
said
Authors
write
,
that
this
city
was
the
chief
and
principal
head
of
the
Marucini
,
as
likewise
Silio
affirms
the
same
,
saying
,
Marhucina
simul
Frentanis
aemula
pubes
,
Corfini
populos
,
magnumque
Theate
trabebat
.
This
city
is
situate
upon
a
very
high
hill
,
distant
from
the
Adriatick
Sea
no
more
then
seven
miles
,
it
was
destroyed
by
Pepin
the
son
of
Charls
the
great
,
for
taking
part
with
the
Longobards
;
but
it
was
about
two
hundred
years
following
repaired
again
,
and
became
so
pleasing
to
the
Normans
for
the
most
pleasant
situation
thereof
,
that
Gotfredo
the
brother
of
Ruberto
Guiscardo
,
in
the
time
of
Pope
Nicholas
the
second
possessing
this
Province
,
made
the
said
City
the
head
of
all
the
Country
of
Abruzzo
,
the
Territory
thereof
is
very
excellent
,
and
bringeth
forth
all
necessary
things
,
as
well
for
profit
as
pleasure
.
beyond
the
River
Sangro
among
the
Peligni
is
the
ancient
City
of
Orton
upon
the
Sea
,
being
by
Strabo
called
Ortonium
,
and
of
Cato
,
Ortonum
;
but
Ptolomy
nameth
it
Orton
.
Gotfredo
the
the
Norman
made
Civita
di
Chieti
the
principal
city
of
Abruzzo
.
Orton
.
The
body
of
St.
Thomas
the
Apostle
.
The
light
of
St.
Heramo
,
which
appeareth
to
sailers
when
they
are
in
great
danger
.
The
city
Ferentana
,
now
called
Francauilla
.
Lanciano
.
And
Strabo
writeth
that
it
was
in
old
time
called
Petra
Piratorum
,
because
the
Rovers
and
Pirats
retired
hither
when
they
had
robbed
at
the
sea
;
in
the
which
City
is
to
be
seen
in
a
very
stately
Church
,
where
with
great
reverence
is
preserved
the
body
of
St.
Thomas
the
Apostle
,
with
his
ancient
Tomb
,
in
which
Church
appeareth
alwaies
upon
the
Steeple
when
any
ship
is
in
danger
at
sea
,
the
miraculous
light
of
St.
Heramo
,
which
the
Ancients
attributed
to
Castor
and
Pollux
,
although
Philosophers
affirm
that
it
naturally
proceeds
from
the
repercussion
of
the
air
through
the
winds
and
water
,
which
seemeth
very
unlikely
,
because
there
is
not
so
much
as
the
leaf
of
a
tree
that
moveth
without
the
providence
of
God
;
how
should
this
light
casually
chance
,
the
sea
presently
becoming
calm
,
and
the
sailers
in
safety
,
which
in
that
perilous
state
called
faithfully
upon
the
name
of
God
?
Neither
can
it
be
by
the
means
of
any
evil
spirits
,
for
never
is
shewed
any
deed
of
piety
but
by
some
celestial
and
divine
means
,
and
especially
towards
the
faithfull
.
Not
far
distant
from
Ortona
,
is
to
be
seen
Ferentana
,
at
this
present
corruptly
called
Francavilla
,
because
it
was
often
possest
by
the
French
;
this
City
was
(
according
to
Razano
)
the
head
of
the
Frentani
.
From
the
River
Sangro
,
or
Sanguine
,
called
in
old
time
Saro
,
four
miles
distant
;
and
as
far
from
the
sea
is
Lanciano
,
a
noble
City
,
called
by
Pliny
,
Anxium
,
and
of
Ptolomy
,
Anxanum
:
Here
at
two
several
times
in
the
year
,
that
is
to
say
in
the
month
of
May
and
August
,
do
Merchants
assemble
almost
from
all
parts
of
Europe
,
Asia
,
and
from
other
parts
,
where
is
a
principal
Mart
or
Fair
very
famous
through
all
the
world
:
on
the
right
hand
of
Lanciano
,
at
the
foot
of
the
Hill
is
Maiella
and
Palumbaro
;
and
on
the
right
hand
of
the
River
Sangro
,
near
the
Sea
,
is
the
Monastery
of
St.
Iohn
,
where
sometimes
was
the
famous
Temple
of
Venus
;
and
above
are
these
Countries
,
Fossaceca
,
and
the
Fort
of
St.
Iohn
;
and
a
little
higher
on
the
side
of
Sangro
are
seen
the
great
ruines
of
the
City
of
Bica
,
which
the
country
people
call
Seca
;
on
the
right
hand
cometh
the
River
Aventino
,
and
joyneth
with
Sangro
,
and
near
the
foot
of
Maiella
are
these
Countries
,
Civitella
and
Lama
,
and
on
the
right
hand
of
the
River
Aventino
is
Palena
,
the
word
being
corrupted
in
place
of
Peligno
,
near
the
which
appears
the
ruines
of
the
ancient
City
sometimes
the
chief
and
head
of
the
Piligni
,
called
Superequani
.
This
Country
is
ennobled
with
the
dignity
of
a
Count
,
the
Lord
whereof
is
Matteo
of
Capoa
,
Prince
of
Couca
,
a
very
rich
Lord
,
and
a
great
lover
of
Learning
.
But
returning
behind
Lanciano
,
going
along
the
shore
of
the
sea
,
we
come
to
the
mouth
of
the
River
Foro
,
which
riseth
from
the
Mount
Maiella
,
The
river
Foro.
Tollo
.
Miglionico
Fara
Rapino
Penna
The
river
Lento
Villamaina
Petrono
The
sort
of
Montepiano
Castel
Menale
Bucchianicho
The
city
Sulmona
,
the
natural
place
of
the
Poet
Ovid.
where
it
entreth
into
the
Sea
,
near
the
which
is
the
Castle
Tollo
,
and
on
the
left
side
thereof
near
unto
it
is
Miglionico
;
and
a
little
higher
is
Fara
,
and
before
it
is
Rapino
,
and
near
to
Maiella
is
Penna
.
After
the
mouth
of
the
River
Foro
,
is
to
be
seen
on
the
sea
the
mouth
of
the
River
Lento
,
which
also
riseth
from
Maiella
.
On
whose
right
side
(
but
yet
very
near
)
distant
from
the
Sea
but
five
miles
,
appears
Villamania
,
above
the
which
(
nevertheless
under
Maiella
)
is
the
Castle
Petrono
,
near
to
the
which
is
the
Fort
of
Montipiano
,
and
above
the
fountain
from
whence
the
River
Lento
springeth
,
is
Castel
Menale
.
And
somewhat
lower
upon
the
Mediterrane
is
Bucchianico
,
a
civil
Country
,
honoured
with
the
dignity
of
a
Marquisat
,
the
Territory
whereof
is
very
fertile
,
and
hath
great
plenty
of
Olives
;
going
a
little
farther
we
come
to
the
noble
and
fair
City
of
Solmona
,
by
Strabo
called
Sulmo
,
and
likewise
Ptolomy
and
Cato
so
name
it
;
the
said
City
was
built
by
Solemo
of
Frigia
the
companion
of
Aeneas
.
That
eloquent
Poet
Ovid
Nasone
,
was
here
born
,
as
he
witnesseth
in
the
4
book
of
de
Tristibus
,
in
his
tenth
Elegy
,
Sulmo
mihi
patria
est
gelidis
uberimus
undis
,
Millia
qui
novies
distat
ab
urbe
decem
.
And
the
Poet
Martial
in
the
first
book
of
his
Epigrams
declares
the
same
,
saying
,
Mantua
Virgilia
gaudet
,
verona
Catullo
,
Pelignae
gentis
gloria
dicar
ego
.
This
City
hath
the
dignity
of
a
Principality
,
the
Lord
thereof
is
Don
Horatio
of
Noia
,
a
most
generous
Knight
.
Departing
from
Sulmona
we
come
to
the
River
Aterno
,
The
River
Aterno
,
now
called
Pescara
.
now
called
Pescara
,
from
the
City
of
Pescara
,
which
is
very
near
,
built
by
the
ancient
City
of
Aterno
,
from
whence
the
River
hath
its
name
.
The
said
City
is
ennobled
with
the
dignity
of
a
Marquisat
,
possest
by
the
Family
Davolo
.
Going
a
little
farther
towards
the
Mediterrane
,
is
the
little
Castle
of
Cantalupo
,
situated
at
the
foot
of
a
Hill
,
under
the
which
most
miraculously
doth
flow
a
liquor
called
the
stony
oyle
,
The
stony
oyl
which
riseth
in
the
territory
of
Cantalupo
Caramanico
.
Cusano
.
The
mines
of
pitch
which
are
in
Manupelli
.
The
nature
&
condition
of
the
people
of
this
Province
.
The
arms
of
this
Province
,
and
what
they
signifie
.
the
which
is
very
carefully
gathered
for
the
vertue
and
medicinable
operation
.
Afterward
appears
Caramanico
,
a
noble
Country
,
the
Territory
whereof
is
very
fertile
;
and
a
little
beneath
is
to
be
seen
Cusano
,
in
whose
higher
parts
the
River
Librata
endeth
in
Pescara
,
in
old
time
called
Albula
,
into
the
which
runneth
two
little
Rivers
,
which
also
descend
from
Maiella
,
in
the
midst
whereof
is
the
Country
of
Lietto
Manupello
,
in
whose
Territory
is
a
Mine
of
Pitch
,
which
was
found
the
year
1577.
And
it
is
in
the
manner
of
Tarr
.
Being
now
come
to
an
end
of
this
Province
,
it
remains
that
I
declare
somewhat
of
the
Inhabitants
.
The
people
of
this
Country
are
very
tall
and
strong
,
and
in
countenance
not
much
unlike
the
French
Nation
;
in
bargaining
with
strangers
they
are
simple
and
courteous
,
full
of
courage
,
and
much
affected
to
the
profession
of
Arms
,
wherein
they
grow
to
great
perfection
;
they
are
not
very
costly
in
their
apparel
,
but
much
given
to
hunting
,
they
are
also
well
inclined
to
Learning
,
and
apply
themselves
much
to
the
study
of
the
Law
,
and
Phisick
.
The
Arms
belonging
to
this
Province
,
is
or
.
a
wild
Boars
head
couped
in
pale
on
bas
,
a
yoke
in
chief
gu
.
noting
as
I
think
thereby
,
the
great
abundance
of
wild
Hoggs
that
are
therein
,
and
with
this
,
that
memorable
exploit
that
chanced
between
these
people
and
the
Romans
,
as
it
is
before
recited
;
moreover
it
may
be
said
,
that
these
two
charges
should
signifie
the
same
service
,
placing
the
head
of
the
Boar
as
a
fierce
and
cruel
beast
,
for
the
arrogancy
of
the
Romans
put
under
the
yoke
.
But
I
refer
my self
to
better
judgment
.
ABRUZZO
On
the
other
side
the
tenth
Province
of
the
Kingdom
OF
NAPLES
.
THe
worthy
and
renowned
Alfonsus
of
Aragon
,
the
first
of
this
name
,
King
of
Naples
,
willing
to
take
away
the
continual
strife
which
fell
out
among
the
Collecters
of
the
Impost
and
Custom
of
Abruzzo
,
divided
the
said
Province
into
two
parts
,
and
so
that
which
is
included
in
Aterno
,
and
the
Hills
of
Marsi
,
is
called
Abruzzo
ulteriore
,
The
limits
of
Abruzzo
on
the
other
side
.
which
I
am
now
to
handle
.
This
part
contained
the
Marrucini
,
Piligni
,
and
Ferentani
,
and
part
of
the
Sanniti
:
Abruzzo
is
now
divided
from
Campania
of
Rome
between
the
Region
of
the
Equicoli
,
and
a
little
River
of
obscure
name
,
having
on
the
one
side
certain
Vaults
and
Caves
,
and
on
the
other
a
high
Hill
.
It
is
divided
from
the
Province
of
Abruzzo
on
this
side
by
a
branch
of
the
River
Pes●ara
,
running
from
the
foot
of
the
Apennine
above
Raiano
,
and
directly
against
Popoli
endeth
its
course
:
and
a
little
higher
by
the
Apennine
Hils
,
near
the
head
of
the
River
Sangro
,
between
Pesco
and
Sarli
,
and
Gioia
,
and
above
the
Lake
Fucino
,
in
the
utmost
parts
of
the
Marsi
.
By
the
same
Hils
which
lie
towards
the
South
it
is
also
divided
from
the
Country
of
Lavoro
,
by
the
River
Garigliano
,
even
at
the
spring
which
riseth
by
the
Valley
of
Orvito
under
the
Fountain
,
near
to
Balzorano
,
cometh
Abruzzo
on
this
side
to
joyn
with
the
Territory
of
Sora.
And
these
places
end
not
only
with
the
Marsi
,
the
Marrucini
,
the
Peligni
,
the
Ferentani
,
the
Vestini
,
the
Sanniti
,
and
the
Preguntini
of
Abruzzo
,
but
also
with
the
Territory
of
Naples
.
This
Countrey
is
both
in
men
and
situation
very
strong
,
The
fertility
of
this
Province
.
it
hath
great
plenty
of
Corn
,
heards
of
Cattel
and
Wine
,
it
hath
many
Rivers
,
and
an
excellent
air
,
there
is
great
variety
both
for
hunting
and
fowling
,
there
are
also
Bears
,
and
great
store
of
Wolves
.
But
now
coming
to
describe
in
particular
the
Rivers
,
and
the
Cities
which
are
in
this
Province
,
I
will
begin
from
the
shore
where
is
a
Castle
called
Montepagano
;
and
going
along
twelve
miles
upon
the
Sea-side
,
is
to
be
seen
the
River
Viciola
,
which
springeth
from
the
Apennine
near
the
Mount
Corvo
,
Montepagano
.
The
river
Viciola
.
The
river
Tordino
.
Teramo
.
Campio
.
Bisigno
.
Rugnano
.
Murro
.
Locaristo
.
Guardia
di
Vomano
.
Caste
Vecchio
.
Transmondo
.
Cautiano
.
Forcella
.
Miano
.
Rapino
.
Montorio
.
Compotosto
.
Poggio
.
〈◊〉
Monteverde
.
Montegualco
.
The
river
Piomba
.
Porta
d'Adria
.
Silva
.
Hadria
,
now
called
Atri
,
where
the
Emperor
Adrian
was
born
.
From
whence
the
Adriatick
Sea
had
its
name
.
Celino
.
Schiarano
.
Civita
St.
Angelo
.
Ilece
.
The
river
Salino
.
Porto
St.
Angelo
.
The
river
Sino
.
Cassilento
.
Pignano
.
Serra
.
The
river
Tavo
.
Civita
di
Penna
.
and
running
along
,
entreth
into
the
River
Tordino
,
by
Pliny
called
Iuvan●●o
,
which
also
floweth
from
the
Apennine
,
near
to
the
foot
of
the
said
Hill
Corvo
.
Among
the
said
Rivers
appears
Teramo
,
a
City
full
of
civility
,
the
Bishop
thereof
is
ennobled
with
many
Titles
of
dignity
,
and
the
Lord
is
called
a
Duke
.
The
said
City
is
the
head
of
all
this
Country
,
named
by
Pliny
and
Ptolomy
,
Interamnia
,
the
which
name
it
had
because
it
is
situated
among
the
Rivers
,
for
a
little
above
it
runneth
into
Tordino
,
a
swift
stream
called
Fiumicello
,
near
the
which
are
three
Countries
so
near
,
that
they
are
all
called
by
one
only
name
Campio
.
Above
the
Fountain
of
the
River
Vicola
,
are
these
Castles
,
Bisigno
and
Rugnano
,
from
the
River
Tordino
to
the
River
Vomano
,
by
the
sea-side
are
only
six
miles
,
and
between
the
one
and
the
other
are
many
Countries
and
Castles
,
some
in
the
midst
,
and
others
nearer
to
the
one
then
the
other
,
because
the
Rivers
in
their
courses
make
many
turnings
.
It
were
requisite
to
declare
with
what
order
all
these
are
placed
from
the
head
to
the
feet
,
and
first
is
Murro
,
Locaristo
,
Guardia
di
Vomano
,
the
old
Castle
,
Transmondo
,
Cauti●no
,
Forcella
,
Miano
,
Rapino
,
Colle
Vecchio
,
Forna●olo
,
Montorio
,
Poggio
,
Vmbreco
,
and
Rosseo
:
and
where
Vomano
springeth
from
the
Apennine
,
are
many
Villages
well
inhabited
,
as
Compotosto
,
and
Poggio
,
which
is
a
Castle
,
and
Massione
on
the
left
hand
of
Vomano
;
and
within
the
Country
are
situated
these
Castles
,
Motola
,
Monteverde
,
and
Montegualco
;
and
here
endeth
(
as
Pliny
saith
)
the
Precutini
.
And
following
the
same
course
,
we
come
to
speak
of
the
Marrucini
,
which
Livy
saith
,
caused
themselves
voluntarily
to
be
enrolled
among
the
Souldiers
that
went
with
Scipio
into
Africa
.
Now
then
after
the
River
Vomano
,
comes
another
River
called
Piomba
,
where
is
another
Castle
which
is
called
Porto
d'Adria
;
and
a
little
higher
is
a
Country
called
Silva
;
five
miles
within
the
Land
,
and
almost
in
the
midst
between
the
said
two
Rivers
,
upon
a
high
Hill
is
the
City
of
Atri
,
called
in
old
time
Hadria
,
which
was
a
Colony
of
the
Romans
.
Here
was
born
(
as
Celio
the
Spartan
writeth
)
the
Roman
Emperor
Adrian
.
P.
Vittore
believeth
that
the
Adriaetick
Sea
had
its
name
from
this
City
,
the
which
also
Sesto
Aurelio
affirms
in
his
book
of
Cesars
.
Above
Atri
,
or
Hadria
,
upon
the
right
hand
of
the
River
Piomba
,
is
the
Castle
of
Celino
,
and
above
where
this
River
springeth
,
is
the
Country
of
Schiarano
,
on
the
left
side
of
Piomba
,
two
miles
within
the
Land
,
is
Civita
S.
Angelo
,
which
Pliny
and
Ptolomy
names
Angolo
;
above
the
said
Country
,
near
the
River
,
is
the
little
Country
of
Hece
.
From
Piomba
,
three
miles
from
the
Sea
,
is
another
River
called
Salino
;
on
the
right
hand
whereof
on
the
shore
is
a
Castle
called
Porto
S.
Angelo
,
and
a
little
above
within
the
Country
entreth
into
Salino
another
River
called
Sino
,
which
floweth
from
the
Apennine
,
at
the
foot
of
the
Hill
Corvo
,
on
whose
right
side
are
eight
Countries
and
Castles
,
the
which
shall
be
named
the
one
after
the
other
,
Cassilento
,
Montesicco
,
Pignano
,
Bisento
,
Corvignano
,
Serra
,
and
Valviano
;
and
a
little
below
the
mouth
of
the
River
Sino
,
doth
also
run
into
Salino
another
River
called
Tavo
,
which
riseth
near
Corvo
in
the
Apennine
.
In
the
midst
of
these
Rivers
,
five
miles
distant
from
the
Sea
,
is
Civita
di
Penna
,
an
excellent
Country
,
and
very
famous
in
old
time
,
Pliny
calleth
this
City
Pinna
,
and
placeth
it
among
the
Vestini
.
Of
this
City
was
the
most
valiant
young
man
Pluton
,
of
whom
Valerius
Maximus
maketh
mention
;
but
much
more
it
is
honoured
for
bringing
forth
that
famous
Lawyer
,
called
Luca
of
Penna
,
who
learnedly
writ
upon
the
three
books
of
the
Code
wherein
appears
his
great
knowledg
both
in
Divinity
and
the
Law
,
Valerius
Maximus
de
pietat●
erga
parentes
.
Luca
de
Penna
.
and
particularly
of
the
constitutions
in
the
municipial
Laws
and
customs
of
this
Kingdom
,
as
he
sheweth
to
be
very
judicious
and
skilfull
in
divers
places
,
and
especially
in
Law-Causes
,
de
senten
.
advers.
fiscum
latis
retractandis
lib.
12.
In
the
Rubrick
C.
de
Magistris
sacr.
scrinioruus
lib.
12.
where
he
teacheth
the
Office
of
a
principal
Secretary
of
the
Kingdom
.
And
in
the
l.
à
palatinis
,
C.
de
privilegiis
corum
qui
in
sacro
palatio
militant
,
where
very
diffusedly
he
disputeth
of
one
of
the
prin●ipal
constitutions
of
the
Kingdom
,
alleadging
Andrea
of
Isernia
,
Prince
of
the
Feudists
.
All
this
I
thought
good
to
declare
,
what
a
worthy
man
hath
been
of
this
City
,
although
otherwise
modern
writers
have
fasly
christned
him
for
a
Frenchman
,
defrauding
his
Country
,
where
at
this
present
in
the
Hall
of
the
publick
Palace
is
to
be
seen
his
ancient
Picture
,
with
the
late
named
young
Pluton
,
Laureto
.
The
〈◊〉
Corvino
.
The
river
Aterno
,
now
called
Pescara
.
The
river
Nuria
.
Montesilvano
.
Moscuso
.
Pianello
.
Capogatto
.
Rossano
.
Alendo
.
Castiglione
.
Offena
.
Busso
.
Capistrano
.
and
besides
yet
standeth
his
house
where
he
dwelt
.
Afterward
not
much
distant
from
the
River
Tavo
,
appears
above
the
Hils
the
pleasant
country
of
Laureto
,
and
the
Hill
Corvino
.
Then
cometh
near
upon
the
shore
the
mouth
of
the
river
Aterno
,
now
called
Pescara
,
which
is
one
of
the
principal
rivers
of
the
country
;
and
near
the
Monastery
of
Casanova
,
runneth
into
it
another
river
which
riseth
on
the
right
hand
on
the
side
of
the
Apennine
called
Nuria
,
on
whose
right
side
are
Montesilvano
,
Spotorio
,
Moscuso
,
Pianello
,
and
Capogatto
,
all
Castles
;
and
under
the
fountain
of
the
said
river
is
the
noble
Monastery
of
Casanova
,
of
the
Order
of
Cistello
,
which
is
not
only
beautified
with
sumptuous
buildings
,
but
with
great
riches
.
Above
Nuria
on
the
right
hand
of
Pescara
,
are
Rossano
,
Alendo
Petranico
,
the
Towers
of
Antonello
,
and
a
little
above
is
Castiglione
.
And
coming
down
from
thence
we
incounter
a
river
called
Capod
'
acqua
,
who
hath
a
very
great
spring
,
and
near
the
fountain
is
Offena
,
and
on
the
left
hand
is
Busso
,
between
the
which
two
Castles
,
but
two
miles
distant
is
Capistrano
,
the
natural
place
of
the
holy
Iohn
Capistrano
of
the
Order
of
the
Minors
of
St.
Francis
,
who
in
his
life
did
many
miracles
.
Above
Capistrano
within
the
Land
is
Carapello
,
and
at
the
ascent
of
the
Hils
near
to
the
river
Pescara
,
is
Vetorito
,
and
Raiano
;
Carapello
.
Vettorito
.
Raiano
.
Amiterno
.
and
going
but
a
few
miles
higher
upon
the
ridg
of
a
Hill
is
to
be
seen
the
ruinated
City
of
Amiterno
,
by
Strabo
named
Amiternum
,
whose
magnificent
buildings
both
of
the
Theatre
,
and
certain
great
Churches
,
and
mighty
Towers
declare
what
greatness
it
was
in
old
time
,
and
Livy
writeth
that
Spurio
Cornelio
Carvilio
the
Consul
,
took
Amiterno
,
and
there
were
cut
in
pieces
2800
Citizens
,
and
4280
made
prisoners
,
and
notwithstanding
the
same
Livy
addeth
,
that
L.
Scipio
going
into
Africa
,
they
voluntarily
offered
themselves
to
go
with
him
in
that
action
with
the
Umbri
,
Norcini
▪
and
the
Reatini
;
Amiterno
is
called
by
Virgil
,
full
of
Towers
.
Livy
lib.
10.
There
are
to
〈◊〉
among
the
ruines
of
the
said
City
,
graven
in
Marble
,
the
triumph
of
the
Sannites
,
when
they
caused
the
Roman
Army
to
pass
under
the
yoke
at
the
Gallows
of
Caudine
,
and
the
Sepulchre
of
the
daughter
of
Druso
,
Virgil.
lib.
7.
and
near
to
the
Theatre
is
the
Temple
of
Saturn
the
founder
thereof
.
This
City
had
among
other
famous
Citizens
Caio
Crispo
Salustio
,
Proconsul
for
Cesar
in
Africa
,
Crispo
Salustio
.
and
the
first
writer
of
the
Roman
History
,
and
the
Bishop
Vettorino
,
who
died
for
the
faith
of
Christ
,
as
Ptolomy
and
Lippomano
saith
,
in
the
Empire
of
Nerva
,
whose
name
remaineth
in
a
Castle
built
〈◊〉
the
stones
of
those
ancient
ruines
,
where
are
his
bones
and
83
Martyrs
;
by
whom
the
said
City
was
destroyed
I
cannot
yet
understand
.
Going
from
hence
two
miles
〈◊〉
Civita
Tomassa
,
a
little
Castle
,
Civita
Tomassa
.
in
whose
circuit
are
to
be
seen
many
ruines
of
ancient
buildings
,
with
many
inscriptions
,
Foruli
.
which
apparently
shews
that
here
was
the
ancient
City
of
Foruli
,
celebrated
by
Virgil
in
his
seventh
book
of
Eneid
.
and
of
Silio
Italico
in
his
eight
book
,
and
Strabo
maketh
also
mention
thereof
,
and
placeth
it
among
the
Sabines
.
And
following
that
way
about
three
miles
there
are
to
be
seen
great
foundations
of
square
stones
,
which
the
country-people
call
Furconio
,
whereupon
it
is
not
to
be
doubted
that
there
stood
the
City
of
Furconio
,
the
which
was
not
so
ancient
nor
populous
,
nor
so
rich
as
Amiterno
,
Furconio
.
but
of
greater
dignity
and
honour
in
the
time
of
the
Christians
,
for
in
all
the
Councels
for
the
space
of
800
years
following
,
which
had
been
in
Rome
or
any
other
place
of
Italy
,
we
read
the
Bishop
of
Forconio
.
Here
was
thrown
down
from
a
high
Tower
,
that
young
and
holy
man
Massimo
,
whose
miracles
moved
Pope
Iohn
the
16.
and
the
Emperor
Otho
to
visit
his
reliques
,
giving
to
the
Bishoprick
twenty
thousand
crows
yearly
,
of
the
which
it
is
almost
wholly
deprived
,
and
by
Alexander
the
fourth
bestowed
upon
the
City
Aquila
.
In
this
place
is
the
Furnass
wherein
Giusta
,
a
most
holy
Virgin
,
was
condemned
to
be
burnt
,
but
by
the
providence
of
God
was
delivered
by
an
Angel
,
and
inclosed
in
the
Mount
Offido
,
which
is
now
called
Bazzarano
.
The
said
City
was
destroyed
by
the
Longobards
,
the
people
whereof
being
dispersed
,
The
hil
Offido
.
were
united
with
the
Amiternini
,
Abiensi
,
and
the
people
Duronii
,
which
likewise
fled
the
wrath
and
fury
of
the
Longobards
;
and
so
under
the
conduct
of
an
Amiternin
their
Captain
called
Aquila
,
they
built
in
a
pleasant
place
upon
the
ridge
of
a
plain
and
low
Hill
,
a
City
called
by
the
name
of
their
Captain
,
The
City
Aquila
.
Aquila
;
which
in
process
of
time
increasing
with
people
,
was
beautified
,
and
afterward
inlarged
by
the
Emperour
Frederick
the
second
King
of
Naples
,
to
the
greatness
which
now
it
seems
,
a
City
truly
very
worthy
,
Robert
Guiscard
the
Norman
created
Duke
of
Puglia
and
Calauria
.
1060.
famous
and
rich
,
and
the
head
of
this
Province
.
Here
Pope
Nicolas
the
second
,
being
much
molested
by
the
Roman
Barons
,
came
to
the
Parliament
with
Robert
Guiscard
the
Norman
,
who
restoring
Benevento
,
and
all
that
which
he
held
of
the
Church
,
was
by
the
said
Pope
created
Duke
of
Puglia
and
Calauria
;
the
which
(
as
we
have
also
declared
in
the
lives
of
the
Kings
of
Naples
)
was
in
the
year
1060.
The
said
Citie
is
in
compasse
four
miles
,
and
without
the
walls
it
hath
a
very
pleasant
vally
of
excellent
pasture
,
compassed
with
trees
,
and
watred
with
crystalline
and
fresh
Springs
,
besides
the
profit
which
proceeds
from
the
river
Aterno
,
which
dividing
it
with
a
pleasing
current
,
yeelds
also
a
great
commodity
by
the
Mills
.
The
length
of
this
plain
is
not
above
four
and
twenty
miles
,
and
three
in
breadth
;
but
every
where
fruitfull
.
It
hath
great
abundance
of
all
sorts
of
wood
,
and
plenty
of
corn
,
wine
,
oyl
,
and
every
other
thing
which
serveth
for
the
use
of
living
creatures
:
their
Orchards
are
such
as
neither
through
cold
,
or
the
heat
of
Summer
they
ever
fail
in
yeilding
their
fruits
.
Whereupon
Martial
saith
,
Nos
Amiternus
ager
,
felicibus
educat
hortis
.
The
wares
and
Merchandise
wherein
this
Citie
most
abounds
,
are
very
fine
flax
,
saffron
,
silk
,
cloth
,
wooll
,
great
plenty
both
of
great
and
small
cattell
,
that
it
serves
the
most
part
of
Italy
with
flesh
:
The
number
of
the
Churches
of
Aquila
.
the
horses
are
excellent
coursers
and
very
swift
.
There
are
in
this
City
an
hundred
and
eleven
Churches
all
richly
beneficed
;
and
besides
,
they
have
many
Reliques
of
Saints
,
among
the
which
are
the
four
Protectors
of
the
Citie
,
carefully
and
richly
kept
,
and
faithfully
worshipped
.
And
within
a
Coffin
of
silver
▪
of
the
value
of
1800
crowns
,
is
to
be
seen
the
body
of
St.
Bernardino
Senesi
of
the
order
of
the
Minors
of
St.
Francis
,
the
first
reformer
of
the
regular
life
of
that
religion
.
And
in
the
Church
of
Collemaggio
are
to
be
seen
the
bones
of
St.
Pietro
of
Marrone
,
called
Celestino
the
fifth
.
The
other
two
Protectors
,
that
is
to
say
,
St.
Massimo
in
Duomo
,
and
St.
Equitio
in
St.
Lorenzo
,
and
every
one
of
these
had
a
statue
or
Image
from
the
middle
upward
,
of
their
naturall
bigensse
of
pure
silver
.
Moreover
,
there
is
besides
the
said
Churches
twelve
magnificent
and
stately
Monasteries
of
religious
Nuns
.
This
Citie
is
much
commended
for
the
Conserves
and
Preserves
that
are
there
made
:
The
Citizens
thereof
for
the
most
part
,
exercise
merchandize
,
and
making
of
cloth
,
The
nature●
▪
and
manner
of
the
Aquitani
.
and
in
every
thing
shew
prompt
and
ready
wit
:
In
Arms
they
are
fierce
and
cruell
,
and
very
costly
and
magnificent
in
civil
matters
;
they
are
courteous
,
&
in
their
apparell
and
conversation
very
civill
.
The
Lady
Margarite
of
Austria
,
the
naturall
daughter
of
the
Emperour
Charls
the
fifth
,
governed
this
Citie
many
years
,
the
Citizens
for
the
benefit
they
received
by
her
,
made
her
a
stately
palace
in
length
256
hands
breadth
,
and
in
breadth
an
hundred
and
sixty
,
with
an
hundred
windows
round
about
,
a
very
costly
building
.
But
it
is
not
fit
that
I
should
omit
the
remembrance
of
the
strong
&
wel
fortified
Castle
which
is
in
the
said
Citie
;
for
to
them
that
know
it
▪
it
seems
one
of
the
goodliest
Forts
in
all
Italy
.
This
Citie
by
the
tolling
of
a
Bell
is
able
to
arm
15000.
men
.
It
hath
a
great
county
,
rich
and
much
exercised
in
Arms
,
the
situation
is
for
the
most
part
mountainous
and
strong
.
Pontano
speaking
of
this
Citie
,
thus
saith
:
Pontano
de
bello
Neapolitano
.
—
Auctus
post
civibus
,
atque
opibus
prolatis
etiam
confinibus
,
facta
est
Aquila
urbs
quidem
ipsa
civibus
,
auctoritate
,
&
opibus
clara
,
regionisque
totius
caput
.
And
in
another
place
speaking
thereof
,
saith
the
like
words
;
Nam
&
populus
ipse
,
quamquam
lanificio
deditus
,
ac
texture
,
maxime
tamen
bellicosus
est
,
finitimisque
undique
formidini
,
nec
minus
regibus
qui
Neapoli
imperant
.
And
Iohn
Albino
in
his
5.
book
de
Bello
intestino
,
Alphonsi
2.
Aragonei
Ducis
Calabriae
,
declaring
the
riches
and
great
power
thereof
,
thus
writeth
,
Reges
praeterea
urbes
,
caeterosque
primores
,
per
tot
annos
tributo
exaustos
,
veteri
quodam
odio
in
regem
,
Apostolicae
sedis
signa
intrepide
secuturos
,
populis
insuper
quotidianis
injuriis
supra
modum
lacessitis
invisos
,
rerum
omn
ium
egenos
,
undique
bello
cintos
,
brevi
regno
ejici
posse
praesertim
,
quod
ditissima
,
ac
populosissima
urbs
Aquila
▪
totius
regionis
caput
,
Apostolicae
sedis
Imperium
datis
obsidibus
subire
deposcit
,
cujus
urbi●
defectionem
ad
Aragonci
nominis
internecionem
satis
esse
putaret
,
&c.
Aquila
was
made
(
as
we
have
said
)
a
Bishops
Seat
by
Pope
Alexander
the
fourth
,
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
1257.
the
which
Bishop
,
besides
many
other
prerogatives
which
he
hath
,
acknowledgeth
not
any
other
Metropolitan
,
or
any
other
superior
,
except
the
Bishop
of
Rome
.
Basilio
Pignatell
,
a
Neopolitan
Gentleman
,
is
now
Bishop
of
this
City
,
a
most
carefull
and
vigilant
Prelat
,
and
of
great
sincerity
of
life
.
There
are
in
this
City
many
noble
Families
,
which
are
these
following
,
Angisili
del
Cardinale
Antonelli
,
Alfieri
,
Angelini
,
Baroni
,
Baroncelli
,
Branconii
,
The
noble
families
in
Aquila
.
Bucciarellis
,
Camponeschi
,
Caselli
,
Carli
,
called
Cardicchi
,
Caprucci
,
Castiglioni
,
Colantonii
,
Crispo
,
Dragonetti
,
Emiliani
,
Eugenio
de
Matteis
,
Emiliani
,
Franchi
,
Gigli
,
Lucentini
,
Piccolomini
,
Legistis
,
Lepidi
,
Lepori
,
Maneri
,
Mariani
,
Mattucci
,
Micheletti
,
Nardi
,
Oliva
,
Orsegli
,
Pasquali
,
Porcinarii
,
Prati
,
Pica
,
Paoli
,
Perelli
,
Rustici
,
Rosis
,
Rivera
,
Simconi
,
Vgolini
,
Salvati
,
Trentacinque
,
Valla
,
Vetusti
,
Vinio
,
Zechieri
.
The
Families
extinguished
are
these
following
,
Bonaginiti
,
Findazi
,
Roiani
,
Pretatti
,
Camponeschi
,
Gaglioffi
,
Mozzapiedi
,
Todini
,
Miraluce
,
Cocci
,
and
Orsegli
.
There
are
besides
many
other
honourable
Families
of
strangers
,
indued
with
all
true
nobility
,
which
being
more
then
we
purposed
to
speak
,
we
will
at
this
time
omit
.
The
said
City
hath
brought
forth
many
excellent
men
,
and
famous
as
well
in
Arms
as
in
Learning
,
as
Ansalda
of
Aquila
,
General
of
the
Army
of
William
the
evil
,
King
of
Naples
and
Sicilia
,
Antonuccio
Camponesco
,
General
of
King
Ladislao
,
and
Captain
of
the
Venetians
,
and
was
afterward
by
Pope
Eugenio
the
fourth
,
created
General
of
the
holy
Church
,
Minicuccio
Vgolino
,
Captain
of
King
Alfonsus
of
Aragon
,
Guelfallione
Fonticulano
,
was
General
of
the
Perusini
,
against
Braccio
,
and
took
in
battel
Nicolo
Piccinino
,
and
to
his
great
honour
defended
Padova
from
the
fury
of
the
Venetians
;
Geronimo
Gaglioffa
was
a
Colonel
of
Charls
the
eight
King
of
France
,
and
Master
of
the
Camp
of
King
Lewis
the
twelfth
in
the
Conquest
of
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
;
Francesco
Rustico
was
Captain
of
the
Crossbow-horsmen
of
King
Ferdinando
the
second
.
In
Learning
there
have
been
very
famous
men
,
as
Pietro
,
called
Scotello
of
Aquila
,
a
religious
Frier
of
the
Order
of
St.
Francis
,
which
learnedly
writ
upon
the
four
books
of
the
Master
of
Sentences
.
Iohn
Aquilano
,
a
Frier
also
of
the
Order
of
Saint
Francis
,
a
famous
Preacher
of
his
time
;
he
composed
a
book
which
he
entituled
,
Viti●rum
lima
.
Francesco
Vivio
,
a
most
famous
Lawyer
,
who
now
liveth
,
and
hath
lately
publisht
the
Forest
of
divers
opinions
,
and
hath
done
many
things
besides
,
and
of
the
decisions
of
the
Kingdom
,
of
the
Audience
of
the
Country
of
Bary
,
where
he
was
the
Kings
Auditor
,
whose
works
are
very
profitable
to
the
professors
of
the
Law
.
Giovanni
Crispo
,
called
de
Monte
,
writ
three
books
of
Law
,
one
de
Gradibus
,
the
other
de
Haered.
qui
ab
intest
.
de
.
and
the
last
de
actionibus
.
Gioseppo
Rustici
,
a
Doctor
of
great
account
,
which
is
now
a
Counceller
of
the
great
Duke
of
Tuscane
,
hath
written
and
published
a
Treatise
,
An
,
&
quando
liberi
in
conditione
positi
vocentur
,
and
very
shortly
he
is
to
publish
another
discourse
.
De
utraque
conditione
si
sine
liberis
decesserit
,
ad
L.
cum
avus
,
F.
de
cond
&
demonst.
Iacopo
Carli
,
a
learned
Doctor
,
hath
written
in
Law
a
book
entituled
,
Gemmatus
Pavo
in
quo
juris
canonici
,
&
civilis
materiae
tanguntur
.
Alexander
Trentacinque
,
a
most
noble
and
renowned
Doctor
of
Law
,
writ
de
Substitutionibus
,
with
other
subtile
and
witty
advisements
.
Iohn
Aquilano
,
a
famous
Phisician
,
writ
a
discourse
de
sanguinis
missione
in
pluritide
.
Bernardino
Cerillo
writ
the
Annals
of
the
City
of
Aquila
,
his
natural
Country
,
and
the
History
of
his
time
.
Serifino
Aquilano
was
the
mirror
of
his
time
for
Poetry
,
whose
Works
are
well
known
,
over
whose
Sepulchre
Aretino
caused
these
Verses
to
be
ingraven
,
Qui
giace
,
Serafin
Partirti
hor
puoi
,
Sol
d'
haver
visto
il
sasso
,
che
lo
serra
Assai
sei
debitore
a
gli
occhi
tuoi
.
Here
lieth
Serafin
depart
in
peace
,
Enough
thou
art
indebted
to
thy
eyes
To
have
seen
the
stone
under
which
he
lies
.
Sebastian
Aquilano
▪
a
Phisician
,
hath
published
a
discourse
de
Morbo
Gallico
,
and
another
de
febre
sanguinis
.
Cesar
Campana
,
which
now
abideth
at
Vicenza
,
hath
writ
with
an
eloquent
stile
in
the
vulgar
tongue
the
History
of
the
World
.
Iohn
Angelo
Contecelli
hath
published
a
discourse
de
differentiis
febrium
,
and
another
de
Sanguinis
missione
.
Blasio
Pico
a
Phisician
hath
writ
the
contemplative
Grammer
.
Angelo
Fonticulano
,
a
worthy
Historian
,
writ
very
eloquently
in
the
Latin
tongue
the
Wars
of
Braccio
of
Montone
with
the
Aquilani
.
There
remain
many
other
noble
and
learned
men
,
which
have
much
ennobled
this
City
,
as
I
have
understood
;
but
because
I
have
no
true
information
thereof
,
I
think
it
not
amiss
to
omit
them
.
The
Territory
of
this
City
brings
forth
besides
other
things
,
great
abundance
of
Saffron
▪
which
as
the
Aquilani
themselves
affirm
,
there
is
made
thereof
every
year
more
then
●0000
crowns
.
Monte
Reale
.
Above
Aquila
in
the
Apennine
under
the
River
of
Pescara
▪
is
Monte
Reale
,
called
in
old
time
Monte
Pireo
,
but
inlarged
and
beautified
by
King
Charls
the
second
of
Angio
,
abandoning
the
first
name
,
it
is
a
city
very
fair
civil
,
and
rich
,
compassed
round
about
with
a
very
strong
Wal
;
here
with
great
reverence
lieth
in
the
church
of
St.
Mary
of
Piano
,
the
body
of
Saint
D●minick
,
of
whom
the
Chronicle
of
St.
Francis
maketh
mention
;
and
in
the
church
of
St.
Augustine
is
to
be
seen
the
body
of
St.
Andrew
,
which
in
token
of
his
holy
life
it
pleaseth
God
(
as
they
say
)
to
shew
many
miracles
.
There
now
liveth
with
much
honour
to
this
country
,
Pe●tio
,
Pompeo
,
and
Iohn
Circii
,
all
three
Doctors
of
Law
,
and
great
learned
men
,
of
whom
there
is
much
commendation
by
Vivio
in
the
Forest
of
common
opinions
.
The
Territory
of
this
country
is
very
fertile
,
for
the
spacious
vallies
and
pleasant
hils
yield
grain
,
wine
,
fitches
,
beans
,
slax
,
hemp
,
and
other
fruits
.
A
little
distant
from
the
said
country
is
the
River
Pescara
,
and
at
the
mouth
thereof
on
the
left
side
is
the
city
called
Pescara
,
The
river
Pescare
.
Pescara
,
called
in
old
time
Aterno
.
named
by
Pl●●y
and
Ptolomy
,
Aterno
,
a
most
ancient
city
,
which
they
also
so
called
the
said
River
,
which
according
to
the
common
opinion
was
held
the
swiftest
and
cold●st
of
all
the
Rivers
in
Italy
.
The
said
country
is
honoured
with
the
dignity
of
a
Marquisat
subject
to
the
house
of
Avolo
.
Somewhat
higher
in
Pescara
runs
another
River
called
Alba
,
and
into
Alba
cometh
two
little
streams
,
which
flow
from
the
Mount
Maiella
,
between
the
which
is
Manopello
;
The
river
Alba
.
Manopello
.
The
foot
of
M●lise
.
T●rre
.
and
a
little
higher
on
the
side
of
Maiella
is
the
Fort
of
Molise
▪
and
undernea●h
is
Cosano
,
and
upon
the
bank
of
Pescara
is
Torre
,
a
little
country
;
and
on
the
side
of
the
River
Pescara
is
Lucolo
,
a
populous
country
;
and
not
very
fa●
is
Caramanico
,
a
very
good
country
,
and
hard
by
lieth
Cantalupo
,
in
whose
Territory
riseth
under
a
Hill
,
a
quick
spring
of
Petronical
Oyl
.
Near
the
bank
of
Pescara
is
the
country
of
Tocco
,
which
hath
an
excellent
Territory
,
wh●re
is
made
the
best
Oyl
in
all
Abruzzo
,
and
the
purest
Wine
;
and
four
mile
〈◊〉
Popoli
▪
Luculo
.
a
most
noble
and
populous
country
which
hath
the
title
of
a
Dukedom
,
it
is
very
strong
every
way
,
partly
by
the
Rivers
which
cannot
be
past
as
a
pl●sh
of
water
,
Caramanico
.
and
also
by
the
Forts
which
guard
it
as
a
Wall
.
And
going
certain
miles
we
come
to
Tagliacozzo
,
Cant●lup●
.
a
country
well
inhabited
,
and
very
rich
;
but
not
very
ancient
,
〈…〉
B●n●face
,
the
4
Pop●
When
the
n●me
of
the
M●rsi
were
changed
.
The
Marruvii
.
it
hath
the
title
of
a
Dukedom
,
governed
by
the
Family
Colonna
But
we
are
now
come
to
the
country
of
the
Marsi
,
destroyed
long
since
by
Hannibal
,
with
all
the
other
people
round
about
;
in
this
country
was
a
city
called
Valeria
,
the
natural
country
of
Pope
Boniface
the
fourth
,
who
obtained
of
the
Emperor
Phocas
the
Temple
Pantheon
in
Rome
,
dedicated
to
all
the
gods
of
the
Gen●iles
,
which
he
dedicated
to
all
the
Saints
.
This
city
in
the
time
of
the
Longobards
,
had
the
name
of
Marsi
changed
into
Valeria
;
Pliny
saith
that
Marsi
was
a
city
from
whence
all
the
country
took
its
name
.
These
people
were
also
called
Marruvii
of
Virgil
,
when
in
his
seventh
book
he
saith
,
Quin
,
&
Marruvia
venit
de
gente
sacerdo●
.
Virgil
lib.
7.
The
which
words
Servio
declaring
,
saith
,
that
they
were
the
people
Maruvii
,
which
inhabited
neer
the
Lake
Fucino
,
as
it
were
Inhabiters
about
the
Sea
,
so
called
for
the
greatness
of
the
Lakes
which
were
in
those
dayes
,
although
others
affirm
it
was
so
named
by
Marro
their
King
,
the
companion
of
Marsia
.
And
the
said
Servio
saith
,
that
Medea
which
followed
Iason
,
came
at
length
into
Italy
,
and
taught
certain
people
which
inhabited
neer
the
Lake
Fucino
,
the
way
to
charm
Snakes
and
Serpents
with
words
,
and
likewise
shewed
the
remedies
against
the
venom
of
these
creatures
,
whereupon
it
was
by
these
called
Medea
Angitia
,
as
if
it
vexed
and
afflicted
the
Serpents
with
their
charms
:
the
which
people
were
also
named
Agnitii
,
The
Agnitii
.
of
which
Virgil
in
his
seventh
book
thus
saith
,
Et
Marsis
quaesitae
in
montibus
herbae
,
Virgi
lib.
7.
Te
nemus
Angnitiae
,
vitrea
te
Fucinus
unda
.
Pliny
saith
,
that
in
his
time
this
generation
of
Marsi
also
continued
,
descended
(
as
he
supposed
)
from
the
son
of
Cerces
and
therefore
had
this
vertue
against
Serpents
.
Guilio
Capitolino
writeth
,
that
the
Emperour
Heliogabolus
gathered
a
great
company
of
Serpents
with
the
incantations
of
the
Marsi
,
the
which
he
caused
on
the
sudden
to
be
thrown
in
the
place
where
the
people
assembled
,
to
see
their
publique
sports
;
whereupon
many
being
bitten
,
fled
with
great
terror
.
Neither
is
it
to
be
held
as
a
fable
which
is
written
of
these
Incantations
,
because
the
Prophet
David
singing
his
Psalms
,
makes
a
similitude
of
the
deaf
Adder
which
stoppeth
his
ears
to
avoid
inchantments
.
And
St.
Augustine
expounding
it
saith
,
That
that
similitude
was
meant
of
the
Marso
,
which
maketh
his
charm
to
draw
the
Adder
out
of
his
dark
obscure
hole
into
the
perfect
light
;
and
the
serpent
which
loveth
darknesse
to
avoid
the
sound
of
the
charm
,
which
he
knoweth
will
inforce
him
,
layeth
one
of
his
ears
to
the
ground
,
because
he
would
not
hear
;
and
the
other
he
covereth
with
his
tail
.
Livy
writing
the
wars
of
Italy
beginneth
from
the
Marsi
,
calling
it
Marsica
,
and
among
the
people
that
rebelled
against
the
Romans
,
Livy
lib.
2.
here
he
nameth
the
Marruci
,
and
the
Marsi
,
and
in
another
place
saith
,
that
the
Marsi
being
overcome
by
L.
Murena
,
and
Cecilio
Pina
,
desired
peace
of
Silla
.
In
the
which
war
M.
T.
Cicero
,
being
a
follower
and
fighting
therein
,
M.T.
Cicero
abandoned
the
wars
,
and
applied
himself
to
the
study
of
learning
.
grew
into
so
great
a
mislike
of
the
Romans
cruelty
,
that
he
utterly
abandoned
his
military
profession
,
and
wholly
imployed
his
time
to
the
study
of
learning
:
Whereupon
it
so
fell
out
,
that
Rome
had
yet
a
wit
comparable
to
the
greatnesse
thereof
.
Silio
Italico
speaking
of
the
Marsi
,
thus
saith
,
Marsorum
novit
terra
gens
nota
per
omnes
Et
bellare
manu
,
&
chelydris
cantare
saporem
Vipereumque
herbis
hebetare
,
&
carmine
dentem
.
Aeaetae
prolem
;
Angitiam
mala
gramina
primam
.
Monstravissae
ferunt
,
tactuque
domare
venena
.
Et
lunam
excussisse
polo
,
stridoribus
amnes
Frenantem
,
ac
sylvis
montes
undasse
vocatis
,
Sed
populis
nomen
posuit
metuentior
bospes
,
Quum
fugeret
Phrygios
trans
aequora
Martiarenos
,
Migdoniam
Phochi
superatus
pectine
loton
Marruvium
veteris
celebratum
nomine
Marri
Vrbibus
est
ille
caput
interiorque
per
udos
Alba
sedet
campos
,
pomisque
rependit
aristas
Caetera
in
obscuro
famae
,
&
sine
nomine
vulgi
,
Sed
numero
castella
valent
,
&
milite
forti
.
Now
ten
miles
distant
from
Tagriacozzo
is
the
fishy
Lake
of
Celano
,
or
rather
of
Alba
,
The
lake
Fucino
,
now
called
Celano
.
or
of
Marsi
,
named
by
Strabo
the
Lake
Fucinus
,
and
likewise
of
other
writers
,
the
which
for
the
length
thereof
seemeth
as
a
Sea
,
being
thirty
miles
in
compass
;
and
hath
in
it
great
plenty
of
fish
,
and
excellent
fowling
for
Mallards
,
Wygens
,
wild
Geese
,
Swans
,
and
Moor-hens
.
There
is
in
this
Lake
a
fish
(
according
to
Pliny
)
which
hath
eight
pair
of
fins
,
all
other
fishes
besides
having
but
four
.
The
water
Martia
brought
to
Rome
.
The
water
of
this
Lake
was
brought
to
Rome
by
Martio
being
Edile
;
whereupon
by
his
name
it
was
called
the
water
Martia
,
which
was
reputed
the
best
water
of
all
the
conduits
in
Rome
.
Gallano
a
grave
writer
reherseth
,
that
in
the
said
Lake
was
drowned
Archippa
,
a
very
goodly
city
,
which
was
builded
by
Marsia
King
of
the
Lidi
.
And
Suetonius
writeth
that
the
Emperor
Claudius
maintained
eleven
years
continually
30000
men
to
damm
up
the
said
Lake
.
There
entreth
into
the
said
Lake
the
River
Giovenco
,
The
city
Archippa
drowned
in
the
lake
Celano
.
and
runneth
upon
the
water
,
to
be
discerned
in
such
manner
,
that
as
it
cometh
in
running
upon
it
,
so
it
returns
without
mingling
it self
therewith
,
as
Pliny
testifieth
,
and
Vibio
Sequestre
,
by
whom
it
is
named
Pitornius
,
thus
saith
,
Pitornius
fluvius
,
per
medium
lacum
Fucinum
Marsorum
ita
decurrit
,
ut
aqua
ejus
non
misceat
stagno
.
Round
about
it
are
these
castles
,
Paterno
,
Transaco
,
S.
Apetito
,
Giaiano
,
Avezzano
,
S.
Iona
,
Magliano
.
Pliny
lib.
2.
Vibio
Sequestre
.
Paterno
.
Transacco
.
Giviano
.
Celano
.
Celano
is
under
the
title
of
a
Count
very
rich
,
and
a
populous
country
,
and
the
bounds
of
the
country
of
the
Latines
.
There
was
of
this
country
(
as
is
read
in
the
book
of
the
conformity
of
St.
Frances
in
the
rubrick
de
Provincia
Pennensi
)
St.
Thomas
which
writ
the
first
legend
of
St.
Frances
,
and
composed
the
sequence
of
the
dead
,
which
was
sung
in
the
Mass
,
that
is
,
Dies
irae
,
dies
illa
Solvet
seclum
in
favilla
,
&c
:
This
city
was
destroyed
by
the
Footmen
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
second
King
of
Naples
,
because
the
citizens
thereof
were
confederate
with
Otho
Duke
of
Saxony
,
Wherfore
the
Emperor
Frederick
destroyed
Celano
.
yet
it
continued
not
long
but
the
said
citizens
newly
repaired
it
.
Three
miles
distant
from
the
Lake
upon
a
high
hill
towards
the
Apennine
,
appears
the
ancient
ruines
of
the
city
of
Alba
of
Marsi
,
which
was
made
a
colony
of
the
Romans
at
the
same
time
with
Sora
,
whither
were
brought
six
hundred
inhabitants
:
L.
Genutio
,
The
city
Alba.
and
Servilio
Cornelio
being
Consuls
,
as
Livy
declareth
.
This
city
was
one
of
the
twelve
colonies
that
refused
to
aid
the
Romans
in
the
time
of
Hannibal
.
This
city
was
accounted
by
Pliny
in
the
fourth
Region
,
wherefore
Silio
maketh
mention
in
the
eight
after
this
manner
,
Livy
lib.
10.
Cesa
.
Alba
sedet
campos
,
pomisque
rependit
aristas
.
From
Alba
four
miles
distant
at
the
foot
of
the
hils
is
Cesa
,
a
little
castle
,
the
natural
place
of
Pietro
Marso
,
a
man
very
learned
,
as
his
works
do
well
testifie
,
and
especially
his
commentaries
made
upon
Silio
Italico
.
Pietro
Marso
.
The
river
Castellano
.
The
river
Tronto
.
Ascolo
.
And
going
up
certain
miles
into
the
region
of
the
Pregutini
is
the
river
Castellano
,
which
descendeth
from
a
valley
of
the
Apennine
,
named
the
valley
Castellana
,
and
runneth
for
a
little
space
towards
Ascolo
,
and
after
a
while
endeth
in
Tronto
,
which
compasseth
the
said
city
on
the
other
side
.
Strabo
,
Pliny
and
Ptolomy
,
placeth
the
city
of
Ascolo
in
Piceno
,
but
to
me
it
seemeth
better
to
account
the
said
city
in
this
present
Province
of
Abruzzo
on
the
other
side
,
not
only
because
it
is
on
this
side
Tronto
,
but
also
for
that
in
former
time
it
was
under
the
jurisdiction
of
the
Kings
of
Naples
,
Ascolo
restored
to
the
church
by
Queen
Ione
the
second
.
Bettutio
Barro
,
a
famous
Orator
.
but
Queen
Ione
the
second
restored
it
to
the
church
.
The
said
city
is
situate
upon
a
very
strong
place
,
fortified
with
a
good
wall
,
and
compassed
with
high
hils
;
it
aboundeth
with
all
things
necessary
for
the
sustenance
of
living
creatures
.
Bettutio
Barro
,
a
most
eloquent
Orator
was
born
in
Ascolo
,
to
whom
Cicero
gave
the
honour
of
the
victory
above
all
the
Poets
of
that
age
,
as
it
appears
in
Bruto
,
and
Ventidio
Basso
the
victorious
Captain
of
the
Romans
,
which
went
with
an
Army
against
the
Parthians
,
of
whom
were
written
these
words
,
but
too
nipping
,
Now
he
is
made
a
Consul
,
which
lately
was
a
Mule-keeper
(
forasmuch
as
before
he
had
the
command
of
Mules
)
of
whom
the
Satyrical
Giovenal
saith
in
the
seventh
Satire
,
The
famous
men
of
〈◊〉
Ventidio
Ba●●
Si
fortuna
volet
,
fies
de
Rhetore
▪
Consul
,
Si
volet
haec
cadem
,
fies
de
Consule
Rhetor.
Ventidius
,
quid
enim
,
quid
Tullius
?
an
ne
a●iudque
Sydus
,
&
occulti
miranda
potentia
fati
.
Ascolo
had
also
Pope
Nicholas
the
fourth
,
a
learned
,
wise
,
and
a
vertuous
man
,
as
Petrarck
and
Platina
among
the
Pontifical
Bishops
declares
;
Pope
Nicholas
the
4.
although
Biondo
saith
he
was
the
third
;
likewise
Cecco
de
Ascolo
was
a
Citizen
thereof
,
an
Astronomer
,
a
great
Philosopher
,
and
a
famous
Negromancer
.
And
Enoc
,
an
eloquent
Orator
indued
with
the
Greek
and
Latine
tongues
,
through
whose
diligence
were
found
out
Marco
Celio
Apitio
,
and
Pomponio
Porfirione
upon
Horace
in
the
time
of
Pope
Nicholas
the
fifth
.
The
same
City
hath
also
brought
forth
Gratiadio
of
the
Order
of
Preachers
,
an
excellent
Divine
and
Philosopher
,
which
writ
the
Commentaries
upon
the
old
art
,
eight
books
of
natural
Philosophy
,
and
three
of
Aristotle
,
de
anima
,
wherein
he
sheweth
his
great
learning
.
Afterward
going
along
from
Vallecastellana
,
we
come
to
the
rich
and
populous
country
of
Amatrice
,
situated
under
the
fountain
of
Tronto
.
Then
followeth
Civitella
,
Amatrice
.
Civitella
.
lying
not
far
off
among
the
hils
,
in
a
country
very
strong
through
the
nature
of
the
place
,
and
the
strong
wall
that
compasseth
it
round
about
,
which
country
was
valiantly
defended
by
the
Duke
of
Guise
.
Now
being
come
to
Tronto
,
in
the
which
place
are
not
only
the
bounds
of
the
Pregutini
and
Sanniti
,
which
are
in
Abruzzo
,
but
also
of
the
Territory
of
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
I
am
now
forced
to
finish
the
description
of
this
Province
,
somewhat
noting
the
nature
of
the
inhabitants
,
which
are
of
a
bigg
and
tall
stature
,
strong
bodied
,
of
a
white
complexion
,
fierce
countenance
,
and
a
resolute
mind
,
courteous
towards
strangers
,
in
bargaining
simple
,
accustomed
to
the
mannaging
of
Arms
,
and
much
inclined
to
Wars
,
The
nature
&
quality
of
this
Province
.
and
very
cruel
to
their
enemies
.
They
are
also
very
forward
in
learning
.
The
men
which
inhabit
in
the
city
are
seemly
and
civilly
apparelled
;
but
those
that
live
abroad
in
the
hils
and
mountains
are
very
barbarous
and
unhandsom
,
for
they
cloath
themselves
with
very
course
and
base
cloath
.
The
Arms
of
this
Province
is
Azure
upon
three
mounts
united
and
fixed
in
bass
or
,
an
Eagle
displayed
ar●
crowned
of
the
second
.
The
which
Arms
some
think
,
that
the
Eagle
signifieth
the
Standard
which
was
taken
in
battel
from
the
Romans
;
although
others
suppose
it
signifies
the
Emperor
Adrian
,
which
was
born
in
Hadria
a
city
of
the
Province
,
The
arms
of
this
Province
.
and
say
that
three
Hils
or
declares
the
fertility
and
riches
of
the
country
:
neither
are
their
opinions
to
be
mistaken
which
say
that
the
Eagle
signifieth
the
city
of
Aquila
it self
,
the
head
and
principal
of
all
the
country
.
The
County
of
MOLISE
,
The
eleventh
Province
of
the
Kingdom
of
NAPLES
.
THe
County
of
Molise
is
the
least
Province
in
the
Kingdom
,
for
it
is
part
of
Sannio
,
wherein
is
Esernia
,
and
Boiano
.
This
Province
was
so
called
from
the
city
of
Molisia
,
from
whence
they
also
had
their
name
which
governed
this
country
,
Pontano
.
lib.
5.
and
Pontano
witnesseth
that
in
his
time
there
was
also
standing
the
noble
house
of
Molisia
,
the
which
he
setteth
down
in
his
fifth
book
of
the
History
of
the
Neopolitan
War
;
Cui
adjungitur
ab
iisdem
quaestoribus
:
Sannii
quoque
pars
ea
,
in
qua
est
Bovianum
,
&
Aesernia
,
qui
ager
recenti
nomine
est
Molisius
,
The
ancient
bounds
of
this
country
.
Molisio
ab
oppido
,
à
quo
originem
duxere
qui
agro
quondam
imperaverunt
.
Qua
re
familia
quoque
Molisia
hodie
agnoscitur
.
The
inhabiters
of
this
country
are
the
Sanniti
,
Frentani
,
and
Caraceni
,
the
confines
of
the
which
people
anciently
were
(
according
to
Ptolomy
)
the
river
Fortoro
on
the
East
,
the
river
Sanguine
on
the
West
,
the
Adriatick
Sea
on
the
North
,
and
the
Apennine
Hils
on
the
South
.
At
this
present
the
bounds
thereof
extend
not
so
far
in
respect
of
the
new
division
made
by
the
Kings
Exchequer
,
of
which
country
now
a
great
part
is
under
Capitanato
,
the
Principality
on
the
other
side
,
the
country
of
Lavoro
and
Abruzzo
.
Pliny
declaring
the
confines
of
the
Frentani
,
writeth
thus
,
Flumen
portuosum
Frento
,
Teanum
Apulorum
,
itemque
Larinum
,
Cliternia
,
Tifernus
amnis
,
Plin.
lib.
3.
c.
11
inde
regio
Frentana
;
and
in
another
place
saith
,
In
ora
Frentanorum
à
Tife●no
flumen
Trinium
portuosum
.
Oppida
Histionium
,
Buca
,
Ortona
,
Aternus
amnis
.
Intus
Anxatini
cognomine
Frentani
,
C●rentini
supernates
&
infernates
,
Lanuenses
.
These
people
were
so
named
of
the
Citie
Frentana
neer
to
Teano
of
Puglia
,
the
which
Citie
at
this
present
is
called
Francavilla
.
These
people
becoming
very
puissant
,
made
war
against
the
Romans
;
but
being
overcome
,
(
as
Livy
writeth
)
by
the
Consull
Q.
Aulio
in
the
year
433.
with
one
battell
,
were
sworn
to
the
keeping
of
their
faith
,
and
so
obtained
peace
from
the
Senate
.
Caesar
maketh
mention
of
the
Frentani
in
the
first
book
of
his
Commentaries
,
and
also
Polybius
.
And
Cato
writeth
,
that
these
people
had
their
originall
from
the
Liburni
,
and
Dalmati
,
The
originall
of
the
〈◊〉
The
things
most
plentiful
i●
this
countrey
.
The
description
of
this
Province
.
Campobasso
.
Campo
di
pietra
Macchia
▪
Celentia
,
Riccia
,
Gambatesa
.
The
Castle
of
Motta
.
St
Iulian
,
Colletort
▪
Gel●ono
.
Circo
.
The
river
Fortorio
.
Vinchiaturo
.
Baronello
,
Busso
,
M●rrone
.
Gerione
,
Livy
lib.
2●
.
Montenegro
,
Riofredo
,
Forolo
,
Fornello
.
The
vally
Porcina
,
Esernia
,
Andrea
of
Esernia
,
a
famous
Doctor
of
th●
law
,
Supino
,
Guilliniaco
,
Lupara
,
Catabuttaccio
Lucito
,
Limosano
,
Castelpignano
,
Rocchetta
,
Casal
reparande
Lespinato
,
and
afterward
from
the
Toscous
,
and
their
principall
Citie
was
Larino
.
This
Province
is
almost
wholly
plain
,
and
hath
a
very
plentifull
Territory
;
for
it
yeildeth
grain
in
great
abundance
,
and
all
other
sorts
of
corn
,
there
is
also
flax
,
silk
,
bombace
,
saffron
,
annice
,
corianders
,
hony
,
and
good
wines
,
and
very
fruitfull
trees
,
and
great
plenty
,
the
air
is
temperate
and
healthfull
,
sweet
rivers
,
and
great
store
of
cattell
;
there
is
excellent
hawking
and
hunting
,
but
no
ravenous
creature
is
therein
except
Wolves
.
I
will
begin
to
describe
this
Countrey
from
Campobasso
,
a
City
built
in
the
midst
of
the
Hills
,
on
this
side
the
Apennine
,
from
Boiano
twelve
miles
distant
,
for
here
begins
the
first
countrey
of
Puglia
.
The
said
countrey
is
very
populous
and
rich
,
from
whence
the
counties
of
Campobascio
have
had
their
originall
and
surname
.
Going
from
this
countrey
towards
Luceria
four
miles
,
is
Campo
di
Pietra
,
which
hath
a
good
Territory
;
and
following
that
way
no
more
then
six
miles
,
appears
upon
the
top
of
a
high
hill
the
Castell
Pietra
;
and
from
hence
five
miles
is
Macchia
,
which
hath
the
title
of
a
County
.
And
from
Campobascio
sixteen
miles
,
is
the
Castle
Celantia
,
and
from
hence
seven
miles
is
Riccia
.
opposite
to
whom
is
Gambatesa
,
and
after
eight
miles
,
is
the
Castell
of
Motta
;
and
a
litle
higher
are
these
Cities
and
Castles
,
St.
Gintiam
Coletort
,
Geldono
,
and
in
the
top
is
Circo
the
great
,
where
the
river
Fortore
springeth
:
six
miles
from
thence
is
Vinchiaturo
,
afterward
is
Baronello
,
Busso
,
Ratino
,
Rocchetta
,
Montesaggiano
,
and
following
that
way
neer
the
river
Fortore
are
these
Countries
and
Castles
,
Petrella
Castel
de
Lino
,
Morrone
and
Giovenisso
.
Then
we
come
to
very
large
and
spacious
fields
,
which
continue
the
space
of
eighteen
miles
,
even
to
the
sea
,
and
therein
are
to
be
seen
the
ruines
of
the
ancient
Gerione
,
so
often
named
by
Livy
,
neere
whose
walls
he
writeth
that
Hanniball
made
his
stay
.
Upon
the
Hills
which
joyn
with
the
Apennine
,
and
are
above
the
fountain
of
Vulturno
,
on
the
right
hand
,
are
these
Castles
,
Montenegro
,
Riofreddo
,
and
a
little
below
is
the
Castle
Forolo
,
so
called
also
in
old
time
:
then
coming
down
by
the
course
of
the
river
three
miles
,
neer
Fornello
is
a
new
countrey
,
but
very
populous
and
rich
,
which
yeilds
the
best
wine
in
all
the
countrey
:
Directly
against
Fornello
,
there
belongs
to
Vulturno
a
vally
called
Porcina
,
and
then
somwhat
lower
there
entreth
into
Vulturno
,
a
River
which
comes
from
Esernia
,
an
ancient
Colony
of
the
Romans
,
to
which
City
that
learned
Lawyer
Andrea
of
Rampino
,
called
by
the
Surname
of
Esernia
,
hath
given
much
honor
,
whose
works
are
of
great
estimation
with
learned
men
:
he
was
a
man
of
great
account
,
and
of
the
counsell
of
Queen
Ione
the
first
,
and
(
as
Liparulo
writeeth
)
was
slain
by
Currado
of
Gottis
,
a
Dutch
Baron
for
giving
judgment
against
him
.
This
Citie
hath
a
very
fruitfull
Territory
,
and
the
Citizens
for
the
most
part
are
imployed
in
merchandise
.
Not
far
off
is
Supino
,
a
fair
and
an
ancient
citie
,
called
in
old
time
Sepinum
;
of
whom
Pliny
calleth
the
Inhabiters
Sepinates
.
Ascending
then
towards
the
Mediterrane
,
within
a
mile
of
the
river
Fortore
,
and
eight
miles
from
the
sea
,
is
the
noble
Castle
Guilliniaco
,
and
as
much
more
higher
is
Guardia
Alferes
,
so
named
,
above
the
which
is
Lupara
,
Cartabuttaccio
,
and
Lucito
which
hath
a
fair
and
fertile
Territory
,
the
Lord
thereof
is
Alfonso
Pescicello
a
Neapolitane
Gentleman
,
a
generous
young
man
,
and
wise
,
and
much
inclined
to
learning
.
And
keeping
on
that
way
,
there
is
to
be
seen
Limosano
,
Castelpignano
,
Rochetta
,
Casal
reparando
,
and
Lespineto
which
was
repaired
by
Queen
Ione
the
first
,
by
the
mediation
of
Pietro
Cardillo
a
Neapolitan
,
her
Favorite
.
Reg●st
Reginae
,
anno
.
134●
,
litera
A
,
f●l.
117
,
Boiano
.
Livy
lib.
9
,
&
10.
Of
the
which
mention
is
made
in
the
Register
of
the
Exchequer
Rolls
of
the
said
Queen
;
of
which
Family
there
remains
at
this
present
a
branch
of
the
old
stock
,
even
that
learned
Ottanio
Cardillo
,
a
man
indewed
with
much
knowledge
,
and
liveth
with
great
renown
.
Then
a
little
forward
appears
Boiano
,
a
City
once
esteemed
the
richest
,
&
as
it
were
the
principall
of
Sannio
,
whereof
Livy
maketh
oftentimes
very
honorable
mention
,
and
sometimes
saith
,
that
it
was
sack
't
and
ransack't
by
the
Romans
,
and
was
more
prey'd
and
spoyl'd
then
ever
was
all
Sannio
besides
.
Moreover
,
Silio
Italio
maketh
mention
thereof
when
speaking
of
the
Samnits
,
he
saith
,
Affluit
,
&
Samnis
,
nondum
vergente
favore
Ad
poenos
,
Slio
lib.
8.
sed
nec
veteri
purgatus
ab
ira
Qui
Batulum
,
Mucrasque
colunt
,
Boviana
quique
Exercent
lustra
aut
Caudinis
faucibus
haerent
.
Et
quos
aut
Rufrae
,
aut
quos
Aesernia
,
quos
ve
Obscura
incultis
Herdania
misit
ab
agnis
Brutius
haud
dispar
,
animorumque
una
juventus
Lucanis
excita
jugis
,
Hirpinaque
pubes
.
In
the
Book
of
the
Colonies
is
thus
written
,
Bovianum
oppidum
lege
Iulia
,
milites
deduxerunt
:
sine
iter
Colonis
populo
iter
amplius
non
debetur
quam
pedes
Ager
ejus
per
centurias
,
&
Scâmna
est
designatus
.
Ptolomy
calleth
the
said
Citie
Bucianum
.
The
said
Citie
is
adorned
with
the
dignity
of
a
Duke
.
Not
very
far
from
Boiano
is
the
Hill
Fiterno
,
The
hill
Fiterno
.
The
river
Fortore
.
The
river
Trinio
.
Roceavivara
.
Trivento
.
Iacobo
Caldora
.
Salicito
.
Fossaseca
.
Bagnulo
.
Civita
nova
.
The
nature
and
condition
of
the
people
of
the
countrey
.
which
proceedeth
from
the
Apennine
,
from
whom
the
river
Fiterno
,
now
called
Fortore
hath
the
name
.
Passing
from
thence
towards
the
sea
,
and
going
towards
Termine
,
is
the
mouth
of
the
river
Trinio
,
which
Pliny
calleth
Trinium
Portuosum
,
on
whose
left
side
five
miles
off
,
is
Castelluzzo
Roccavivara
,
and
the
noble
citie
of
Trivento
,
honored
with
the
title
of
a
County
,
possessed
in
the
time
of
the
King
of
Aragon
by
Iacobo
Caldora
,
a
most
valiant
Captain
,
but
it
is
now
governed
by
the
house
of
Afflitto
.
The
most
reverend
Bishop
thereof
Iulius
Caesar
Mariconda
a
Neapolitan
Gentleman
,
and
a
Prelate
of
no
lesse
learning
then
sincere
life
,
graceth
now
this
citie
with
his
great
vertue
.
Then
follows
Salicito
,
Fossaceca
,
Bagnulo
and
Civita
nova
.
And
coming
now
to
an
end
of
this
province
,
I
will
speak
of
the
Inhabiters
thereof
,
which
are
very
strong
and
valiant
,
and
much
inclined
to
Arms
;
they
are
also
obstinate
in
their
opinions
,
and
in
bargaining
with
strangers
very
crafty
and
subtile
,
for
the
most
part
they
exercise
merchandise
and
husbandry
,
they
apparel
themselves
more
for
their
own
ease
,
then
with
any
decent
or
comely
civility
,
although
the
women
more
respect
strait
lacing
then
seemly
attire
.
This
Province
useth
for
the
Arms
thereof
in
a
field
gu
:
a
star
of
8
points
ar:
within
a
border
of
Ceres
:
The
Armes
of
this
Province
,
and
what
it
signifieth
.
What
the
said
Arms
doth
signifie
,
I
do
not
well
understand
,
yet
thus
much
I
may
say
,
that
the
garland
of
Ceres
signifieth
the
great
plenty
of
corn
which
this
countrey
yeilds
;
and
by
the
star
argent
,
noteth
the
great
good
will
&
love
of
the
people
which
they
have
to
retain
the
memory
of
the
family
of
Balzo
,
which
in
former
time
governed
almost
all
this
whole
countrey
,
with
other
places
of
great
importance
in
the
kingdom
;
whereto
I
give
so
much
the
greater
credit
,
insomuch
as
the
house
of
Balzo
gave
in
their
Arms
a
star
ar:
in
a
field
gu
:
Therefore
I
think
it
very
fit
not
to
neglect
this
opinion
in
the
present
description
of
this
province
,
although
some
think
that
the
Star
signifieth
the
prosperity
of
the
countrey
,
whereof
the
Poet
saith
,
—
subitoque
fragore
Intonuit
latuum
de
coelo
lapsa
per
umbras
Stella
facem
ducens
multa
cum
luce
cucurrit
.
Among
the
Romans
the
star
was
placed
above
the
heads
of
Romulus
and
Remus
,
which
sucked
the
teat
of
the
Wolfe
,
signifying
the
custody
of
their
proper
Genio
or
good
spirit
,
who
preserved
them
being
children
.
CAPITANATA
.
The
twelfth
Province
of
the
Kingdom
OF
NAPLES
.
THis
noble
and
fruitfull
Province
of
Pugliapiana
,
which
at
this
present
is
called
Capitanata
,
was
anciently
named
Iapygia
,
The
bounds
of
Capitanata
.
Daunia
,
Mesapia
,
and
Apulia
.
The
said
Province
stretcheth
from
the
river
Lofanto
,
where
the
country
of
Bary
endeth
,
and
passeth
to
the
river
of
Frontone
(
now
called
Fortore
)
containing
in
breadth
all
between
the
Apennine
hils
,
where
are
the
Irpini
and
the
Sanniti
,
and
the
Adriatick
,
or
rather
Ionian
Sea
,
Why
it
was
called
Capitanata
.
so
that
on
the
East
it
hath
the
country
of
Bary
,
with
the
river
Lofanto
,
on
the
South
the
Apennine
with
the
Irpini
and
Sanniti
;
on
the
West
the
Ferentani
and
Carraceni
,
with
the
river
Frontone
,
and
on
the
North
the
Adriatick
or
Ionian
Sea
.
Iohn
Pontano
in
his
second
book
of
Histories
handling
many
things
,
saith
that
in
the
time
of
the
first
Normans
▪
and
afterward
the
Greeks
,
this
Province
was
called
Catapaniata
,
because
those
that
were
sent
to
rule
here
by
the
Emperors
of
Constantinople
,
were
called
in
the
Greek
tongue
Catapini
,
and
that
afterward
by
corruption
of
the
word
,
P●ntano
lib.
2.
de
bello
Neap.
it
was
called
the
Province
of
Capitanata
,
and
those
that
governed
it
Capitani
.
The
words
of
Pontano
are
these
.
Apuliae
pars
ea
,
que
ab
●rentone
flumine
,
hodie
Fortorium
est
,
ab
Aufidi
ripas
,
sua
nunc
appellatione
est
Capitanata
:
quae
Normanorum
prius
,
ac
Graecorum
temporibus
fuerat
Catapaniata
:
quòd
qui
ejus
moderatione
esset
ab
Imperatore
.
Constantinopolitano
praepositus
,
diceretur
Graeco
nomine
Catapanus
:
quae
vox
contractis
,
atque
immutatis
literis
recentioribus
,
versa
,
est
in
Capitanatam
,
quique
Catapanus
fuerat
in
Capitinium
.
Quae
verò
Calabriae
pars
olim
fuit
,
in
qua
Tarentum
,
Brundusium
,
ac
Salentinorum
maritima
est
ora
,
ea
ab
Hydrunto
oppido
,
Te●r●
Hydruntina
.
ad
quod
est
ab
Macedonia
Epiroque
,
quam
brevissima
ad
navigatio
Hydruntina
hodie
terra
dicitur
.
At
qui
est
ab
Au●ido
tractus
ad
Calabriae
,
hoc
est
,
Hydruntinae
fines
terrae
:
quo
intractu
sunt
ad
mare
posita
Barolum
,
Tranum
,
Vigilae
,
Melficta
,
Iuvenatium
,
Barens●is
regio
.
Barum
,
Polygnanum
,
Monopolis
?
ab
urbe
Baro
,
quae
caput
olim
regionis
fuit
Barensis
vocitata
est
terra
:
regiorum
quaestorum
constitutione
ac
jussu
.
Post
eam
montana
loca
,
quaeque
olim
fuere
illinc
Lucaniae
,
hinc
Apuliae
,
iisdem
illis
temporibus
vocari
coepta
Basilicata
.
Quae
appellatio
unde
potissimum
ducta
sit
,
jure
anceps
est
,
B●silicatata
.
ac
dubium
.
Sunt
enim
qui
existiment
,
haud
satis
tamen
certis
auctoribus
,
Constantinopolitano
olim
ab
Imperatore
regionem
eam
filiae
,
ac
genero
traditam
dotis
nomine
:
veri
autem
aliis
videtur
esse
similius
,
à
Basilio
quodam
fortissimo
viro
dictam
:
qui
per
illa
tempora
loca
ea
tenuerit
,
deque
regione
ipsa
,
tractumque
omni
Salentino
,
Graecos
industria
sua
pepulerit
,
atque
Poenos
,
&c.
This
Province
(
as
is
said
)
was
in
old
time
called
Iapygia
,
of
Iapyge
the
son
of
Dedalus
,
as
Herodotus
affirmeth
;
but
as
Servio
saith
upon
this
verse
of
Virgil
,
Victor
Gargani
condebat
Iapygiis
agris
.
He
saith
that
Iapygia
was
a
part
of
Puglia
wherein
standeth
the
Hill
Gargano
,
Why
it
was
called
Iapigia
Mesapia
.
which
reacheth
even
to
the
Adriatick
Sea
.
It
was
also
called
Mesapia
of
the
people
Mesapii
which
inhabited
in
a
part
thereof
;
although
others
say
that
it
was
so
named
of
King
Mesapo
,
the
son
of
Neptune
.
Being
afterward
possest
by
Dauno
the
son
of
Pilumno
,
and
of
King
Danae
,
the
Grandsire
of
King
Turnus
,
all
that
country
was
called
Daunia
.
Daunia
After
him
Diomedes
coming
with
a
great
number
of
the
people
Etoli
there
to
inhabit
,
he
divided
the
country
between
himself
and
Diomedes
.
Apulia
Afterward
it
was
named
Apulia
of
Apulo
,
a
most
ancient
King
of
these
places
,
which
came
hither
to
inhabit
a
long
time
before
the
Wars
of
Troy
Ptolomy
divideth
Puglia
,
the
one
part
from
Ti●erno
to
the
city
of
Bary
,
called
Daunia
,
and
from
thence
unto
the
Salentini
(
which
are
the
people
of
the
cou●try
of
Otronto
)
called
Peucetia
·
Puglia
came
to
the
knowledg
of
the
Romans
rather
through
Wars
then
friendship
,
for
(
as
Livy
writeth
)
with
the
rebellion
of
the
Sannites
the
Romans
had
also
Puglia
their
enemy
,
How
Puglia
came
into
the
hands
of
the
Romans
Hannibal
did
much
harm
to
Puglia
,
Strab.
lib.
6.
The
things
which
are
most
plentiful
in
Capitannta
The
nature
of
the
earth
whose
Territory
was
laid
waste
and
spoiled
by
them
,
and
at
sundry
times
after
(
as
it
appears
in
Livy
)
came
into
the
power
of
the
Romans
.
All
this
region
was
from
the
beginning
in
great
prosperity
:
but
Hannibal
and
other
Wars
that
succeeded
him
,
destroyed
it
and
left
it
desolate
,
the
which
Strabo
confirms
in
his
sixth
book
,
when
writing
thereof
he
saith
,
Priori
tempore
universae
hujus
terrae
secunda
fortuna
florebat
,
postea
vero
,
&
Annibal
sequentia
bella
desertam
illam
reddiderunt
.
This
most
fruitfull
Province
bringeth
forth
great
store
of
wheat
,
barley
,
and
other
corn
,
and
more
plentifull
then
any
other
part
of
Italy
,
although
many
fields
are
reserved
for
the
pasture
of
sundry
flocks
of
sheep
which
are
brought
from
Abruzzo
.
The
earth
or
soil
although
it
be
sandy
and
light
,
and
the
grass
which
grows
thereon
be
small
and
slender
,
it
is
nevertheless
very
fruitfull
,
and
storeth
Naples
,
Slavonia
,
Venice
and
Tuscane
,
with
plenty
of
flesh
.
This
region
indureth
much
water
,
whereupon
the
Poet
Horace
saith
that
Apulia
is
full
of
silk
,
and
in
some
places
it
wanteth
trees
:
the
air
is
temperate
,
but
in
the
summer
season
it
is
so
much
〈◊〉
●ith
heat
,
that
it
is
not
only
hurtfull
to
strangers
,
but
even
to
the
natural
〈◊〉
of
the
country
.
All
this
region
is
very
plentifull
of
every
thing
,
both
horses
and
excellent
sheep
,
the
wool
is
softer
then
that
of
Taranto
,
The
number
of
the
cities
,
countries
,
and
castles
that
●re
in
the
said
Provinces
The
〈◊〉
of
〈◊〉
hil
Garga●●
▪
but
not
so
fine
,
the
hony
there
is
much
commended
,
the
vallies
which
lie
by
the
plains
,
makes
it
a
very
pleasant
country
,
whereby
all
the
Province
is
much
inhabited
,
so
that
it
hath
in
all
ten
cities
,
and
52
towns
and
castles
;
the
cities
are
St.
Angelo
,
Manfredonia
,
Siponto
,
Lesina
,
Vieste
,
Ascoli
,
Bovino
,
Volturara
,
Te●mole
,
Troia
.
This
Province
containeth
the
Hill
Gargano
with
the
appurtenances
thereof
,
which
stretching
out
as
it
were
an
arm
of
the
Apennine
towards
the
Adriatick
Sea
compasseth
in
the
lowest
descent
thereof
,
which
ends
in
the
plain
●00
miles
,
where
appears
all
the
ri●hes
of
Puglia
with
plenty
of
water
;
it
is
also
very
well
garnished
,
and
also
richly
furnished
with
trees
,
and
phisical
herbs
▪
for
the
which
there
repairs
from
far
countries
i●finite
Herbalists
and
Simplis●●
,
whereupon
it
seem●
that
nature
hath
indued
it
with
so
great
perfection
〈◊〉
●or
the
p●e●●den●e
and
p●ima●y
with
all
the
other
Hils
of
the
Orient
.
Diomedes
purposed
to
make
the
said
Hill
an
Island
,
because
the
Istmus
thereof
is
no
more
then
two
miles
broad
,
but
this
and
other
works
he
undertook
,
were
left
imperfect
,
because
he
returned
home
to
his
own
house
where
he
ended
his
life
,
although
some
write
that
he
remained
here
during
his
life
.
Others
feigning
,
report
that
he
vanished
into
the
Isle
of
Diomedes
,
and
that
his
companions
were
transformed
into
fowls
.
In
this
Country
is
bred
the
Tarantola
,
whose
venom
(
as
is
before
declared
)
is
cured
with
sounds
and
singing
.
Here
also
breeds
the
Chersidri
,
or
the
Cavalette
,
which
the
country
people
call
Brucoli
,
which
being
dispersed
here
and
there
,
do
feed
and
wholly
devour
all
the
fields
with
infinite
hurt
and
spoil
.
The
city
of
S.
Angelo
.
In
the
top
of
the
said
hill
is
the
famous
and
noble
city
of
St.
Angelo
,
from
the
which
at
this
present
for
the
most
part
the
hill
is
so
called
,
for
the
Archangel
St.
Michael
which
appeared
there
,
where
is
to
be
seen
the
most
devout
and
honourable
Cave
,
and
holy
Temple
dedicated
in
honour
to
the
Archangel
St.
Michael
,
which
(
as
every
one
knoweth
)
is
one
of
the
most
famous
Oratories
in
all
Christendom
,
and
is
at
all
times
visited
and
frequented
with
great
superstition
of
infinite
people
.
The
said
city
is
very
populous
,
and
strong
by
nature
,
and
exceeds
in
the
plenty
of
all
things
necessary
for
the
sustenance
of
living
creatures
.
This
place
being
possest
by
the
Saracins
,
they
fortified
it
and
held
it
a
long
time
,
untill
Grimoaldo
the
fifth
Duke
of
Benevento
,
The
Saracins
possest
th●se
places
,
and
when
they
were
driven
away
.
and
11
King
of
Italy
went
with
an
Army
against
them
,
and
almost
slew
them
all
,
which
was
in
the
year
652.
Grimoaldo
being
dead
,
the
Saracins
newly
possessed
it
again
;
But
the
Emperor
Charls
the
great
and
King
of
France
coming
into
Italy
,
after
he
had
overcome
them
,
put
them
all
miserably
to
death
with
the
edg
of
the
sword
.
But
now
seeing
a
fitting
occasion
is
presented
unto
me
to
declare
what
the
said
Church
was
,
and
the
beginning
of
the
building
,
The
description
of
the
holy
cave
of
S.
Angelo
.
and
the
great
devision
thereof
.
Here
is
a
cave
or
vault
in
a
main
rock
in
the
aforesaid
hill
,
which
descendeth
many
steps
very
low
,
before
the
which
descent
are
in
the
same
rock
certain
buildings
wrought
by
hand
,
where
are
Tables
written
of
infinite
miracles
and
favour●
by
God
vouchsafed
unto
men
through
the
intercession
(
as
they
say
)
of
that
Saint
.
Below
in
the
cave
is
a
great
dore
of
brass
very
curiously
wrought
,
which
entreth
into
that
wonderfull
vault
,
the
house
of
the
most
holy
Archangel
St.
Michael
,
which
standeth
towards
the
East
,
and
round
about
it
is
alwaies
to
be
seen
to
distill
a
pure
liquor
.
In
the
midst
is
a
little
quire
,
which
is
ascended
by
four
steps
;
but
as
a
man
approacheth
near
to
the
holy
Altar
of
the
Angel
,
he
is
suddenly
strucken
with
great
devotion
in
the
contemplation
of
high
and
celestial
things
.
There
is
to
be
seen
the
little
Altar
consecrated
by
the
holy
Archangel
St.
Michael
,
where
he
hath
left
the
print
of
his
foot
,
the
which
little
Altar
stands
upon
another
Altar
curiously
wrought
,
where
the
Priests
commonly
say
Mass.
On
the
left
side
are
certain
other
Altars
cut
out
of
the
rock
,
all
very
commodious
to
say
Mass.
The
floore
of
the
cave
is
paved
with
white
and
red
Marble
well
mixed
and
divided
.
Without
above
the
vault
there
is
a
very
fair
and
pleasant
Wood
,
very
strange
and
wonderfull
to
those
that
behold
it
,
because
that
through
a
great
brow
of
the
hill
not
any
tree
can
be
discerned
,
and
that
which
yields
the
greatest
wonder
of
all
is
,
that
so
many
great
trees
grow
upon
the
main
rock
.
The
cause
why
this
place
was
dedicated
to
St.
Michael
,
The
cause
why
this
church
was
dedicated
to
St.
M●chael
the
Archangel
.
An.
1●4
.
our
Ancestors
say
grew
by
this
accident
:
In
the
year
of
our
Lord
494.
in
the
second
year
of
Pope
Galasio
the
first
,
and
the
third
year
of
the
Emperor
Anastasius
,
there
was
a
citizen
of
Siponto
,
called
Gargano
,
a
man
far
richer
in
cattel
then
any
one
in
the
country
,
the
which
under
the
custody
of
many
heardsmen
gras●ing
upon
the
Hill
Gargano
,
had
a
Bull
which
was
strayed
among
the
Woods
,
and
seeking
him
a
long
time
through
those
parts
,
in
the
end
,
one
day
found
him
feeding
before
the
dore
of
the
said
cave
,
wherewith
Gargano
being
offended
,
put
an
arrow
into
his
bow
,
and
shot
to
kill
him
;
but
scant
had
the
arrow
touched
the
Bull
,
but
it
rebounded
back
,
and
with
the
point
strook
Gargano
,
the
which
being
held
as
a
great
miracle
by
the
Heardsmen
that
were
there
present
,
perswaded
Gargano
to
find
out
some
holy
man
of
sincere
life
and
great
authority
▪
to
whom
he
〈◊〉
this
accident
.
The
which
Lorenzo
hearing
(
which
was
accounted
so
religious
a
man
)
admiring
at
so
great
a
miracle
,
caused
the
people
to
fast
three
dayes
,
and
with
many
prayers
reconciling
themselves
unto
God
.
The
Fast
ended
,
and
divine
Service
solemnly
celebrated
,
the
night
following
St.
Michael
appeared
to
Lorenzo
,
said
unto
him
:
By
the
will
of
God
,
and
through
my
means
,
it
is
so
come
to
passe
,
O
Lorenzo
,
that
the
Bull
hath
discovered
this
place
chosen
by
my self
,
where
I
desire
a
Church
should
be
made
to
my
name
,
that
I
might
have
a
dwelling
upon
the
earth
amongst
men
:
Declare
to
the
Citizens
,
that
in
this
place
I
am
to
pardon
in
the
name
of
God
the
sins
of
the
people
which
repair
hither
.
The
which
vision
,
after
Lorenzo
had
rendered
due
thanks
unto
God
,
he
declared
it
.
Then
with
generall
procession
and
many
ceremonies
,
they
went
very
religiously
to
the
holy
cave
,
where
with
great
devotion
they
said
solemn
service
,
and
so
to
the
honor
of
St.
Michaell
the
Archangell
,
the
place
was
dedicated
.
The
Pope
understanding
thereof
sent
three
Bishops
to
consecrate
the
Church
,
and
the
Angell
appeared
again
saying
,
that
needed
not
to
be
consecrated
by
humane
means
,
which
was
consecrated
by
divine
providence
,
and
that
in
token
and
sign
thereof
,
they
should
find
the
print
of
his
foot
upon
the
Altar
.
The
morning
following
they
went
in
procession
,
and
so
finding
it
,
after
they
had
all
yeilded
due
thanks
unto
God
,
consecrated
another
hill
hard
by
,
which
at
this
present
is
called
the
holy
Hill
,
whither
repair
infinite
people
with
great
devotion
on
every
side
.
Now
not
long
after
the
Neapolitane
Army
coming
to
Seponto
,
after
it
had
sack't
Benevento
,
the
people
betaking
themselves
to
prayer
,
after
they
had
fasted
three
days
,
the
night
following
the
Angell
appeared
in
sleep
to
Lorenzo
,
admonishing
him
,
that
the
next
morning
he
should
cause
all
the
people
to
arm
themselves
,
and
to
assail
their
enemies
Camp
,
and
he
would
aid
them
therein
The
people
beleeving
the
words
of
Lorenzo
,
marched
with
their
army
into
the
Fields
,
and
invaded
their
enemies
,
upon
whom
came
from
heaven
even
at
an
instant
,
so
horrible
a
tempest
with
lightning
and
thunder
,
that
the
enemies
army
was
not
onely
scattered
and
disperst
,
but
most
of
them
cruelly
slain
.
Now
the
faith
and
devotion
of
the
people
greatly
increased
,
and
with
much
alms
and
great
gifts
of
gold
and
silver
,
the
Church
was
very
richly
beautified
and
inlarged
.
All
this
which
is
rehearst
,
his
own
legend
testifieth
(
which
you
may
believe
if
you
please
,
and
also
the
learned
Iohn
Pontano
in
the
second
book
of
the
Neapolitane
war
,
Pontano
lib.
2.
writeth
,
whose
words
are
these
,
Nec
vero
alienum
fuerit
(
quoniam
in
templi
mentionem
maxime
augusti
incidimus
:
ad
cujus
antrum
ab
ultimis
terrarum
finibus
annis
singulis
plurimi
mortales
selvendis
votis
accedunt
)
de
ejus
initiis
:
quaeque
ab
antiquis
auctoribus
habeo
comperta
,
pauca
pro
meo
instituto
referre
.
Est
nativa
specus
durissimo
è
saxo
,
in
quam
multis
gradibus
:
caeterum
non
lato
admodum
aditu
descenditur
:
specularibus
quibusdam
lumen
praebentibus
.
Vestit
cam
parte
superiore
,
qua
nativa
ipsa
quidem
,
Templum
S.
Michaelis
in
monte
Gargano
.
ac
perimosa
testudo
est
,
è
quercu
vasta
proceritate
lucus
,
muris
tamen
circundatus
,
pecori
nequa
pateat
ingressus
.
Ante
vero
antrum
in
imum
descenderis
,
qua
specus
diffunditur
,
mira
animum
religio
subit
,
loco
ipso
sub
obscuro
,
&
horrido
,
solaque
natura
constituta
.
Admonent
religionis
tabellae
,
votaque
passim
suspensa
,
titulos
indicantia
.
Vbi
vero
arae
admotus
ad
numinis
procumbes
statuam
,
loco
solo
,
&
ab
hominum
accessu
s●moto
,
repente
inhorrescit
tacito
metu
animus
:
atque
in
divinarum
tantum
rerum
cogitationem
versus
,
in
preces
suppliciaque
effunditur
.
Augent
venerationem
aliae
item
arae
nullo
sumptu
,
nullo
artificio
factae
,
quibus
natura
ipsa
videtur
locum
statuisse
.
Cur
autem
Michaeli
potissimum
dedicata
specus
fuerit
,
haec
à
majoribus
tradita
comperior
,
annos
quidem
supra
noningentos
,
atque
amplius
repetita
,
qua
quidem
tempestate
Heruli
,
Goti
,
Barbaraeque
aliae
quaedam
gentes
per
Italiam
bacchabantur
.
Garganum
quendam
civem
Sipontinum
cujus
praegrande
armentum
Gargano
pasceretur
in
monte
,
à
quo
&
ille
nomen
duxisset
cum
armentalem
taurum
,
qui
oberraverat
,
per
silvas
suis
cum
pastoribus
quaeritaret
,
inventum
tandem
eum
ab
ejus
,
de
qua
dictum
est
,
speluncae
hostium
pascentem
animadvertisse
,
itaque
ira
percitum
,
contento
arcu
,
summis
in
illum
viribus
sagittam
emisisse
,
eamque
ubi
tauri
tergus
attigisset
,
retro
flexam
è
vestigio
,
recurvataque
spiculi
acie
sagittatorem
p●tiisse
.
Quae
res
inter
pastores
in
religionem
,
cum
esset
versa
,
tum
Garganum
rem
hanc
sacerdoti
expositurum
,
Laurentio
an●●sio
.
Laurentium
adiisse
,
probatissimae
vitae
antistitem
,
ibi
illum
recognita
,
factique
admiratione
ductum
,
dierum
trium
jejunio
indicto
,
multis
etiam
adhibitis
precibus
Deum
esse
consulendum
:
Gargano
respondisse
.
Itaque
absoluto
jejunio
,
re
sacra
rite
facta
,
noctu
dormiente
Laurentio
astitisse
Michaelem
Angelorum
principem
admonent●m
his
verbis
.
Mea
opera
,
ac
Dei
jussu
factum
Laurentii
,
qui
taurum
indicem
esse
voluerim
b●silicae
hujus
,
quam
mihi
ad
inhabitandum
cum
hominibus
in
terris
paravi
.
Haec
mea
est
basilica
,
meum
hoc
sacrarium
apud
mortales
futuro
.
Enuntia
haec
civibus
,
in
monente
me
,
per
te
intelligant
,
ea
in
spelunca
,
iis
in
adytis
aboliturū
esse
me
mortalium
peccata
,
qui
ad
eam
confugerint
.
Quo
accepto
oraculo
antistes
somno
exitus
,
ubi
Deo
gratias
egisset
,
re
populo
indicata
,
summa
civium
cum
frequentia
venerabundus
,
indictis
supplicationibus
pontisicis
habitu
amictus
,
ascenso
monte
ad
speluncam
procedit
,
sacraque
ibidem
peracta
re
,
non
tamen
ut
ingredi
antrum
ausus
esset
quisquam
multis
cum
precibus
decantatis
rite
divinis
laudibus
,
Deo
gratias
egit
—
nomenque
Michaelis
per
omnes
laudes
celebratum
.
Ritique
rebus
his
peractis
Sipontum
rediit
,
Sipontum
.
magna
civium
laetitia
,
ingentique
vrbis
universae
gaudio
.
Nec
vero
multis
post
dicbus
.
Neapolitanorum
exercitus
,
quorum
opes
profligatis
Beneventanorum
rebus
abunde
tum
pollentes
erant
:
Sipontum
obsedit
.
Igitur
solicito
de
populo
suo
antistiti
,
post
indictum
dierum
trium
jejunium
,
quo
triduo
fuerant
etiam
indutiae
ab
hoste
impetratae
,
astitit
rursus
dormienti
Michael
,
admones
,
&
pie
,
&
rite
factum
,
quod
per
jejunium
,
ac
preces
à
Deo
auxilium
implorasset
:
Michaelem
se
Angelorum
principem
jussu
Dei
illa
dicere
,
imperareque
uti
insequenti
dio
de
quarta
hora
,
populus
▪
universus
arma
caperet
,
in
hostemque
repente
irrueret
,
se
ipsum
armatum
in
acie
civibus
affuturum
.
Haec
igitur
populo
tuo
experrectus
dissere
,
ac
bono
animo
esse
jube
.
Hora
igitur
dicta
,
armatus
atque
ad
pugnam
instructus
civis
hostem
negligentius
agentem
improvisus
invadit
,
fundit
,
sugat
validis
adeo
repente
exortis
procellis
,
summoque
è
montis
jugo
prorumpentibus
terrifico
impetu
fulminibus
,
uti
maximè
foeda
tempestatis
vi
,
ac
fulgurum
sescenti
ex
hoste
examinati
referantur
.
Fugatis
igitur
,
ac
caesibus
hostibus
,
sacris
Deo
optimo
maximo
;
ac
Michaeli
rit●
factis
,
cum
antistes
decrevisset
speluncam
ipsam
(
uti
moris
est
:
Christianique
ritus
)
dedicare
Gelasium
Pontificem
Maximum
,
per
id
tempus
Soracte
agentem
de
ea
dedicatione
consuluisset
:
Astitit
illi
tertio
inquiens
,
mihi
egomet
nulla
adhibita
hominum
aut
arte
,
aut
opera
vacuum
feci
hoc
saxum
,
mihi
egomet
desertum
humano
cultu
montem
dextra
hac
subaperui
,
mea
ego
in
lapide
hoc
vestigia
infixi
,
mihi
ipsemet
aedem
hanc
statui
,
sacrarium
feci
,
basilicam
dedicavi
.
Quaecunque
igitur
ab
hac
aede
basilica
,
sacrario
humana
dedicatio
absit
,
ritusque
omnis
abesto
humanus
,
Michael
ego
sum
,
qui
hoc
excavato
saxo
,
hoc
antro
,
hoc
habitaculo
:
his
assidue
manantibus
stillis
ablaturus
sum
,
ac
deleturus
,
mea
ad
aram
consugientium
mortalium
errata
.
Age
eaepergiscitor
sacerdos
,
civibusque
haec
tuis
disserito
,
cumque
iis
simul
rem
divinam
illic
facito
,
neque
adesse
antro
meo
sacrario
meo
,
meaeque
basilicae
,
tuque
poplusque
tuus
mortales
denique
omnis
placatum
atque
propitium
sciunt
,
&c.
On
the
side
of
this
Hill
,
which
lieth
towards
the
East
,
is
the
Citie
Vieste
▪
in
old
time
called
Vestice
which
hath
a
very
fair
Haven
,
Vieste
▪
from
whence
Pope
Alexander
the
third
,
aided
by
William
the
second
,
King
of
Naples
,
departed
towards
Venice
with
thirteen
Gallies
to
be
reconciled
to
the
Emperour
Frederick
Barbarossa
.
This
Citie
was
destroyed
in
the
year
1480
by
Acomat
Bascia
,
Generall
of
the
Army
of
Mahumet
,
the
second
Emperour
of
the
Turks
,
whilst
he
attempted
the
subduing
of
Italy
.
Vieste
destroyed
by
the
Turks
.
Among
other
Captains
and
men
of
special
note
which
valianty
fighting
died
in
the
defence
of
the
said
Citie
,
Diu
Giaime
of
Aierbo
of
Aragon
,
Innico
de
Vera
,
Guilio
Acquaviva
,
Carlo
Stella
,
Diomedes
of
Tolfa
,
and
Francisco
son
of
the
famous
Doctor
Paris
de
Apuzzo
Councellor
of
King
Ferrant
,
King
Ferdinando
repaireth
again
Vieste
.
whose
Nephews
sons
of
the
said
Paris
,
I
know
in
Naples
,
and
are
my
very
dear
friends
,
neither
do
they
any
jot
degenerate
from
their
worthy
progenitors
,
for
Iohn
Iacobo
and
Iohn
Carlo
are
Doctors
of
the
law
and
very
learned
,
and
Iohn
Baptista
de
Apuzzo
his
Brother
,
The
end
of
the
Adriatick
sea
.
is
imployed
in
the
Kings
affairs
.
The
said
Citie
was
suddenly
repaired
by
King
Ferdinando
,
at
the
intercession
and
mediation
of
Antonio
Miroballo
Lord
thereof
.
Ptolomy
saith
,
that
here
being
the
second
head
of
the
mount
Gargano
,
endeth
the
Adriatick
sea
,
and
beginneth
the
Ionian
.
Neer
the
Sea
side
passing
over
the
river
Lofanto
appears
the
place
where
was
the
ancient
Citie
of
Salapia
built
by
Elsia
Rodiano
,
but
according
to
Varro
by
Diomedes
;
The
Citie
Salapia
where
Hannibal
was
inamored
.
and
here
Hanniball
the
Carthagenian
being
at
the
first
so
fierce
a
Warrior
,
became
inamored
of
a
woman
,
which
made
him
so
effeminate
as
impaired
much
his
reputation
.
Not
very
far
is
the
Lake
of
Andoria
,
The
Lake
of
Andoria
.
Mansredonia
.
by
Pliny
called
Mandurium
;
hard
by
is
Mansredonia
augmented
by
the
ruines
of
Siponto
,
where
at
this
present
is
a
great
concourse
of
Merchants
,
conveying
from
thence
great
plenty
of
corn
;
this
City
is
very
populous
and
civil
,
and
in
it
are
these
noble
Families
,
Beccarini
,
Gentile
,
del
Avantaggio
,
Caverletta
,
Minadois
,
Nicastro
,
Visco
,
Tontoli
,
and
others
.
But
first
before
I
proceed
any
farther
to
declare
what
the
Monte
Gargano
is
here
towards
the
sea
,
I
will
finish
that
which
lieth
upon
the
River
Fortore
:
Above
Sanseverino
four
miles
is
Torre
the
great
,
which
is
a
Country
that
hath
the
title
of
a
Dukedom
subject
to
the
house
of
Sangro
,
Castelluccio
.
which
lieth
from
Fortore
twelve
miles
;
and
as
much
above
Torre
the
great
is
Castelluccio
;
and
a
little
from
thence
is
Monte
Rotano
,
Monte
Rotano
.
Celenza
.
and
somewhat
higher
is
Celenza
,
which
hath
a
very
fruitfull
Territory
,
and
is
adorned
with
the
title
of
a
Marquisat
,
the
Lord
whereof
is
Carlo
Gambacorta
a
Neapolitan
Gentleman
,
a
very
famous
and
worthy
Lord
,
whose
honourable
actions
are
well
known
,
having
many
years
with
so
much
wisdom
and
valour
governed
through
the
grace
and
favour
of
King
Philip
,
the
two
Povinces
of
Principato
,
and
Basilicata
,
and
at
this
present
with
great
honour
ruleth
and
governeth
this
present
Province
.
Not
far
from
Cilenza
is
a
country
called
St.
Marco
,
and
near
that
is
Volturara
,
which
hath
a
good
Territory
,
and
the
Lord
thereof
holdeth
the
title
of
a
Marquiss
;
St.
Marco
.
Volturara
.
St.
Gaudio
:
Rosseno
.
Montefalcone
.
Lesina
.
The
Lake
of
Lesina
.
and
not
far
off
is
the
country
of
St.
Gaudio
,
and
a
little
above
is
Rosseno
,
and
beyond
that
,
near
the
river
of
Fortore
,
is
the
Castle
Montefalcone
.
The
River
Fortore
runneth
into
the
Sea
near
the
Lake
of
Lesina
,
which
contains
40
miles
in
compass
;
and
a
mile
from
this
Lake
,
and
four
from
the
Sea
,
is
the
city
of
Lesina
,
from
whence
the
Lake
hath
taken
its
name
,
the
which
city
was
built
by
the
men
of
the
Isle
of
Lesina
of
Slavonia
,
some
say
that
the
Saracins
spoiled
the
said
city
.
Leandro
Alberti
believeth
that
the
aforesaid
Lake
is
named
by
Pliny
in
the
10.
chapter
of
his
third
book
Lacus
Pantanus
,
which
breeds
good
fishes
,
and
great
Eels
,
and
at
all
times
there
is
good
fowling
for
wild
Geese
,
Mallards
,
and
Swans
.
Within
the
land
four
miles
above
Lesina
,
and
within
a
mile
of
Fortore
upon
a
high
hill
is
Cerra
Capriola
,
Serra
Capriola
.
in
a
populous
and
a
civil
country
,
the
which
is
well
known
through
all
the
Kingdom
for
the
toll
or
custom
of
cattel
,
which
pass
through
it
from
divers
countries
to
winter
in
Puglia
,
and
for
the
custom
of
sheep
,
where
they
pay
in
that
place
so
much
for
every
beast
by
the
head
.
St.
Martino
.
Colletorto
.
St.
Iuliano
.
Macchia
.
Campo
di
Pietra
▪
Geldono
.
Circomaggiore
▪
St.
Nicandro
.
Somewhat
higher
are
these
countries
and
castles
,
St.
Martino
,
Colletorto
,
S.
Guilian
,
Macchia
,
which
is
adorned
with
the
dignity
of
a
Count
subject
to
the
house
of
Regina
;
and
not
farr
off
is
Petra
di
Cratello
,
Campo
di
Pietra
,
Geldono
,
and
in
the
top
is
Circomaggiore
,
near
the
which
springeth
the
river
Fortore
;
then
on
the
left
hand
of
Fortore
is
St.
Nicandro
,
five
miles
from
the
Sea
,
and
near
the
Lake
of
Cesina
on
that
side
which
is
nearest
the
Mount
Gargano
;
then
farther
within
the
land
is
Porcina
,
a
populous
and
a
civil
country
,
where
is
also
a
very
stately
magnificent
Palace
made
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
second
,
for
a
retiring
house
of
pleasure
after
his
sports
of
hunting
in
those
parts
.
Going
six
miles
forward
we
come
to
St.
Seniero
,
a
country
very
rich
,
noble
,
civil
,
Porcina
.
St.
Seniero
.
Strabo
.
lib.
6.
and
populous
,
whose
Territory
is
so
fertile
that
it
is
not
inferior
to
any
in
this
Province
;
the
said
country
hath
lately
been
innobled
by
the
Kings
favour
with
the
dignity
of
a
Prince
,
which
the
Family
of
Sangro
possesseth
.
Strabo
writeth
in
his
sixth
book
,
that
in
the
Territory
of
Daunio
(
although
that
imperfect
and
corrupt
book
nameth
it
Saunio
)
at
a
hill
named
Drio
,
in
the
manner
of
a
Wood
,
was
in
his
time
two
Temples
,
the
one
in
the
very
top
,
assigned
to
Calcante
,
The
Temple
of
Calcante
,
&
of
Podaliero
.
that
whosoever
came
to
demand
any
thing
of
the
Oracle
,
sacrificed
a
black
ram
,
lying
down
themselves
upon
the
skin
.
The
other
Temple
was
dedicated
to
Podalirio
;
below
at
the
very
foot
of
the
Hill
,
distant
from
the
Sea
a
hundred
furlongs
.
From
the
which
Temple
did
spring
a
little
brook
very
wholsom
and
comfortable
to
cure
the
infirmities
of
cattel
▪
therefore
it
may
the
better
be
believed
,
that
such
Temples
have
been
in
these
places
hereabout
,
for
Strabo
saith
,
In
agro
Daunio
circa
tumulum
,
quem
Drion
nominant
,
basilicae
monstrantur
?
una
quidem
Calchantis
in
summo
●erti●è
,
&
cui
petentes
oracula
ingrant●m
im●lant
arietem
,
&
strata
in
pelle
dormiunt
.
Altera
Podalirii
in
insima
montis
radice
posita
,
abest
à
mari
stadiorum
circiter
C.
Ex
ea
rivulus
manat
,
ad
omnis
p●corum
morbos
salutaris
.
Now
it
is
time
to
return
to
the
Mount
Gargano
,
or
rather
St.
Angelo
,
to
the
end
I
may
the
better
describe
certain
places
which
are
there
.
In
the
midst
then
of
the
said
hill
,
where
is
the
fair
and
spacious
plain
of
●lorishing
and
pleasant
pasture
,
is
to
be
seen
the
country
of
St.
Iohn
Ritondo
,
St.
Iohn
Ritondo
.
where
every
year
on
the
11
of
Iune
are
assembled
the
Bailiffs
and
Officers
thereabout
,
a
chief
and
principal
magistrate
coming
thither
in
the
name
of
the
King
,
the
which
after
they
have
well
considered
the
store
of
grain
,
barley
,
and
other
corn
,
with
a
general
consent
they
proclaim
a
price
of
all
victuals
.
Not
far
from
the
said
place
are
Cagnano
,
and
Carpino
,
which
have
a
fruitfull
Territory
;
the
Baron
thereof
is
Antonio
Nava
,
Cagnano
.
Carpino
.
St.
〈◊〉
.
Arign●no
.
St.
Nicandro
.
so
honourable
and
worthy
a
Lord
,
and
so
vertuously
given
,
as
he
is
generally
honoured
and
loved
of
every
one
,
and
hath
been
the
special
occasion
that
this
work
is
published
the
second
time
.
At
the
foot
of
the
said
hill
near
Manfredonia
is
St.
Vito
,
a
very
great
country
,
but
wholly
abandoned
for
the
great
abundance
of
Serpens
that
are
therein
.
Not
far
off
is
the
Castle
Arignano
,
and
St.
Nocandro
.
Departing
then
from
the
foot
of
the
Mount
Gargano
,
and
leaving
the
places
near
adjacent
,
we
come
to
Foggia
in
a
populous
country
,
which
hath
a
very
fertile
and
fruitfull
Territory
,
yielding
great
plenty
of
grain
,
barley
,
Foggia
.
〈◊〉
▪
and
other
sustenance
.
Some
say
that
it
was
built
of
the
ruines
of
the
ancient
city
of
Argirippa
,
the
which
(
as
Strabo●aith
●aith
)
was
in
old
time
one
of
the
greatest
cities
in
Italy
,
and
was
first
called
Argostippium
,
afterward
Argyripa
,
and
at
the
last
Arpe
,
and
saith
that
it
was
builded
by
Diomedes
.
At
this
present
liveth
with
great
honour
to
the
said
city
,
Giovanbattista
Vitale
,
a
very
plausible
and
pleasant
Poet
of
our
age
.
But
it
is
not
fit
I
should
smother
in
silence
the
custom
of
the
sheep
of
Puglia
,
The
custom
of
the
sheep
.
which
is
one
of
the
greatest
revenues
that
the
King
hath
in
the
Kingdom
,
and
consisteth
in
the
rents
of
the
herbage
,
which
cometh
every
year
into
the
Kings
Exchequer
by
the
Officers
for
the
pasture
of
sheep
,
and
greater
cattel
,
of
the
which
rents
in
truth
,
some
pay
13
duckets
for
a
hundred
sheep
,
and
some
12.
and
some
10
and
a
half
,
and
some
9.
and
some
6.
and
some
3.
and
some
15
carlins
for
a
hundred
,
and
others
12
crowns
for
a
thousand
.
But
of
greater
cattel
some
pay
37
duckets
and
a
half
for
a
hundred
,
and
others
22
and
a
half
,
and
some
18
duckets
and
three
quarters
the
hundred
;
whereupon
the
said
receiver
satisfieth
to
the
Masters
of
the
herbage
,
according
to
the
quality
and
goodness
of
the
pasture
;
as
it
falleth
out
.
The
number
of
the
cattel
that
were
customed
in
the
year
1592.
The
custom
of
the
revenue
of
the
sheep
made
in
the
year
1592.
The
payment
for
sheep
hath
bin
very
ancient
in
the
Kingdom
.
Alfonsus
of
Aragon
,
King
of
Naples
〈◊〉
to
the
c●stom
of
sh●●p
.
As
in
the
year
1592.
there
was
allowed
to
the
said
custom
four
millions
four
hundred
seventy
one
thousand
and
four
hundrey
ninty
six
sheep
;
and
of
greater
cattel
nine
thousand
and
six
hundred
.
Of
which
sheep
and
cattel
in
general
is
paid
unto
the
Kings
receit
six
hundred
and
two
and
twenty
thousand
and
a
hundred
seventy
three
duckets
and
seven
carlins
,
of
the
which
sum
is
abstracted
380492
duckets
for
the
payment
of
the
herbage
to
divers
particular
persons
,
with
the
alms
bestowed
upon
the
poor
,
and
other
charges
,
yielding
to
the
Kings
Exchequer
241264.
the
which
sum
of
money
was
carried
into
the
Kings
general
Treasury
.
This
kind
of
payment
of
custom
hath
been
very
ancient
,
for
the
like
was
paid
in
the
time
of
the
Romans
,
as
it
appears
by
Varro
,
and
other
ancient
Writers
.
But
this
Kingdom
being
invaded
by
divers
Nations
,
the
custom
decayed
through
the
extremity
of
long
wars
,
untill
the
time
of
the
worthy
and
renowned
Alfonsus
of
Aragon
,
first
of
this
name
,
King
of
Naples
;
who
newly
restored
it
in
an
excellent
order
,
and
constituted
Francisco
Malubre
,
Commissary
for
the
reformation
thereof
,
and
was
the
first
receiver
,
to
whom
he
allowed
for
his
pains
700
duckets
with
the
pasture
of
a
thousand
sheep
,
as
Marino
Trezza
in
his
second
book
de
sub
.
feu
.
the
which
the
excellent
Lawyer
Carlo
Tapia
Neapolitan
,
relateth
with
great
learning
and
eloquence
,
in
the
first
book
of
his
Commentaries
in
the
Rubrick
and
final
Law
,
F●de
constitutionibus
Principium
num
.
98.
This
worthy
man
liveth
with
much
admiration
for
his
vertue
and
honourable
qualities
,
and
at
this
present
with
general
applause
exerciseth
the
office
of
the
criminal
Judge
of
the
great
Court
of
the
Vicaria
.
Luceria
of
the
the
Pagans
.
Departing
from
Foggia
12
miles
,
appears
upon
a
little
hill
,
situated
in
a
Plain
,
the
fair
City
of
Luceria
,
in
the
which
city
in
the
time
of
Strabo
,
was
the
stately
Temple
of
Minerva
,
where
were
many
and
rich
gifts
,
the
which
city
was
the
ancient
seat
of
the
Daunii
,
and
was
also
built
by
Diomedes
.
It
is
true
,
that
it
was
destroyed
in
the
time
of
Strabo
;
whose
ruines
even
at
this
present
declare
how
great
it
was
,
and
what
power
and
authority
it
had
;
it
was
afterward
repaired
with
the
fragments
of
the
old
ruinated
buildings
,
and
so
continued
even
to
the
time
of
Constantius
the
son
of
Constantine
the
third
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
who
destroyed
and
spoiled
it
in
the
time
of
Vitaliano
Bishop
of
Rome
,
as
Paolo
Diacono
writeth
in
his
fifth
book
,
and
Biondo
in
his
ninth
book
of
Histories
.
Where
having
slain
all
the
Citizens
,
Paolo
Diacono
,
lib.
5.
sackt
it
,
and
afterward
burnt
it
;
yet
within
a
little
time
following
it
was
reedified
,
but
nothing
so
fair
and
magnificent
as
at
the
first
.
The
which
city
being
given
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
second
,
to
the
Saracins
,
was
so
strongly
fortified
that
it
became
very
powerfull
,
commanding
and
domineering
over
all
the
bordering
places
;
neither
was
any
man
able
to
expel
them
untill
the
year
1271
▪
Charls
the
second
King
of
Naples
after
many
conflicts
confounded
them
,
Charls
the
2
King
of
Naples
drove
the
Saracins
from
Luceria
,
and
from
all
the
Kingdom
.
The
body
of
St.
Augustine
in
Luceria
.
and
inforced
them
to
forsake
their
hold
.
The
Territory
of
the
said
city
is
very
plentifull
,
and
yieldeth
all
sorts
of
victuals
.
To
the
which
city
twice
in
the
year
do
assemble
almost
all
the
Merchants
of
Italy
,
Grecia
,
Sicilia
,
and
Slavonia
,
and
from
other
countries
to
traffick
and
sell
their
wares
;
and
this
city
is
the
head
of
the
whole
Province
,
for
there
resides
the
Kings
Audit
with
his
Vice-roy
.
In
the
Church
of
St.
Dominicho
,
which
is
therein
,
lieth
the
body
of
St.
Augustine
the
Hungarian
,
of
the
Order
of
Preachers
,
sometime
Bishop
of
the
City
,
where
he
is
highly
reverenced
by
the
people
,
and
was
canonized
by
the
holy
Church
,
naming
him
St.
Augustine
,
by
consent
and
agreement
of
the
Apostolick
Colledg
;
God
shewing
to
his
creatures
(
as
they
they
say
)
how
acceptable
the
merit
of
this
man
was
unto
him
,
in
the
bestowing
upon
them
infinite
favours
by
the
means
of
his
Sepulchre
.
By
whom
Troia
was
built
.
From
Luceria
eight
miles
upon
a
small
hill
is
the
noble
and
rich
city
of
Troia
,
which
hath
a
fertile
and
plentifull
soil
;
under
the
North
side
of
this
little
hill
runneth
the
river
Chilone
,
which
flows
from
the
Apennine
,
this
city
was
builded
by
Bubagano
Catapano
of
Greece
,
and
not
a
Captain
of
the
Greeks
,
as
Frier
Leandro
affirmeth
.
Of
the
original
thereof
Leo
Bishop
of
Ostia
maketh
mention
,
after
whom
Carto
Sigonio
a
diligent
writer
of
Histories
in
our
time
,
following
,
accounteth
the
building
thereof
about
the
year
1016.
Some
hold
opinion
that
it
was
the
ancient
Esana
,
which
was
beaten
down
by
the
Emperor
Constantine
.
There
are
in
the
said
city
these
noble
Families
,
De
Claritiis
del
Vasto
,
Lombardo
,
Palonibo
,
de
Tucciis
,
Gioioso
,
de
Rubeis
,
Sangro
,
Saliceto
,
Silvei
,
Sassone
,
Tancredo
,
and
others
.
Here
was
held
a
Councel
in
the
year
1092.
by
Pope
Vrban
the
second
,
The
Councel
of
Troia
.
The
bodies
of
Saints
in
Troia
.
for
to
reform
certain
customs
of
the
Clergy
,
as
Biondo
and
Platina
declare
in
the
life
of
the
said
Bishop
.
In
the
principal
Church
that
is
therein
,
lies
the
bodies
of
Eleutherio
Martyr
,
St.
Pontiano
Bishop
,
St.
Secondino
,
and
of
St
▪
Anastasio
.
Walking
along
by
the
fields
,
we
may
see
the
castle
Carignola
,
where
the
French
men
were
overcome
,
the
Duke
of
Nemors
their
Captain
General
and
Vice-roy
of
Naples
;
for
Lewis
the
twelfth
King
of
France
and
Naples
being
slain
,
by
Consalvo
Ferrando
of
Cordova
,
Captain
of
Ferdinando
the
Catholick
King
of
Spain
,
having
in
his
company
the
valiant
Captains
,
Fabritio
and
Prospero
Colennesi
,
Romans
,
in
the
year
1503.
as
we
have
written
at
large
in
the
lives
of
the
Kings
of
Naples
.
Going
a
little
farther
in
the
descent
of
the
Apennine
,
appeareth
Orsara
,
and
afterward
the
city
of
Bovino
,
the
Lord
whereof
hath
the
title
of
a
Duke
.
Four
miles
farther
is
Dellicito
;
and
from
hence
seven
miles
is
the
ancient
city
of
Ascolo
,
innobled
with
the
dignity
of
a
Prince
.
Ascolo
di
Satriano
.
And
this
city
is
sirnamed
by
Writers
,
Ascolo
Satriano
,
as
a
difference
from
that
of
Abruzzo
.
This
city
was
ruinated
by
Ruggiero
the
Norman
,
having
understood
they
purposed
to
rebel
against
him
,
his
father
being
then
in
Dalmatia
,
the
which
was
afterward
repaired
again
by
his
father
,
but
not
with
that
greatness
.
Walking
then
towards
the
Sea
,
The
Church
of
St.
Leonard
given
to
the
Knights
of
St·
Mary
of
Prusia
we
come
to
the
sumptuous
and
stately
Church
dedicated
to
St.
Leonard
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
second
,
where
is
a
worthy
Monastery
assigned
to
the
Dutch
Knights
of
the
Order
of
St.
Mary
of
Prusia
,
allowing
them
great
revenues
,
who
governed
the
said
holy
Temple
a
long
time
with
great
religion
and
devotion
.
In
the
●nd
they
decaying
,
the
said
Monastery
was
given
in
commendum
,
whereby
at
this
present
it
is
very
ill
governed
.
This
worthy
Church
is
in
great
reverence
not
only
with
the
people
near
inhabiting
,
but
also
among
all
the
Italians
;
and
there
are
to
be
seen
great
heaps
of
iron
pieces
of
sundry
fashions
,
as
chains
,
shackles
,
collers
,
and
others
of
like
sort
to
hold
prisoners
,
and
to
inchain
men
,
the
which
were
all
(
as
they
say
)
miraculously
delivered
,
and
the
persons
set
at
liberty
through
the
prayers
and
intercessions
of
that
worthy
St.
Leonard
,
both
from
prisons
and
the
Gallies
,
in
the
Church
resteth
his
said
body
.
Directly
against
this
Province
are
situate
the
Isles
of
Trinity
,
which
was
in
old
time
called
Diomedes
,
which
had
that
name
for
the
Fable
which
the
Greeks
feigned
upon
the
companions
of
Diomedes
transformed
into
fowles
,
being
of
the
bigness
of
the
Magot-a-py
,
seeming
also
in
their
tune
to
imitate
a
humane
voice
,
but
not
so
pleasing
,
according
to
the
fixions
of
the
Poets
in
the
ancient
time
of
the
forein
Greeks
,
the
which
declared
with
their
singing
and
flying
,
the
content
of
their
arival
,
The
Isles
of
Diomedes
.
now
called
Trinity
.
being
shunned
and
despised
of
all
others
,
bewraying
by
the
clapping
of
their
wi●gs
,
and
their
pittifull
scrieking
,
the
contempt
of
their
company
;
but
now
in
truth
they
are
much
available
,
and
do
great
good
by
their
fatness
,
to
those
which
are
benummed
,
or
swoln
in
any
member
with
any
cold
humour
.
There
is
in
this
Isle
a
Fortress
,
and
a
very
fair
Monastery
of
Canonical
regular
Priests
.
The
women
of
this
Province
are
all
in
general
very
fair
,
the
men
great
and
well
proportioned
,
but
inclining
to
a
brown
complexion
,
The
quality
&
condition
of
the
people
.
which
proceeds
of
the
great
heat
.
Their
proper
language
is
all
after
one
manner
,
but
somewhat
rude
and
impolished
.
They
have
very
strong
arms
,
wherefore
they
often
exercise
wrestling
,
and
the
managing
of
weapons
.
They
are
not
very
neat
and
curious
in
their
apparel
,
but
very
ingenious
and
sharp
witted
,
they
follow
not
the
affairs
of
the
Sea
,
for
almost
all
employ
themselves
in
the
profit
of
the
fields
.
They
inhabit
in
Castles
and
Cities
,
and
in
the
time
of
tillage
,
and
the
gathering
in
of
their
fruits
they
go
to
the
fields
with
carriages
of
bread
and
wine
,
and
other
necessary
things
for
so
many
daies
,
and
with
their
oxen
they
remain
day
and
night
untill
they
have
tilled
and
sowed
,
or
gathered
in
their
grain
,
barley
,
and
other
corn
;
that
being
done
,
they
fire
the
straw
,
and
returning
with
the
rest
home
to
their
dwellings
,
where
they
continue
till
time
requires
again
to
manure
and
sow
their
ground
.
They
are
all
rich
and
very
courteous
and
carefull
to
keep
their
word
,
and
in
bargaining
very
free
.
The
Arms
of
this
Province
is
azure
on
a
mount
of
Ceres
fixed
on
bass
St.
Michael
or
.
The
Arms
of
this
Province
.
the
which
arms
signifie
the
apparition
of
the
Angel
Saint
Michael
upon
the
Mount
Gargano
,
and
the
ears
of
corn
the
great
plenty
of
the
Province
.
A
DESCRIPTION
OF
THE
Kingdom
of
Naples
The
second
Book
.
WE
having
finished
the
first
book
of
the
description
of
the
Provinces
of
this
Kingdom
,
it
were
requisite
to
speak
more
particularly
as
we
have
promised
;
to
the
end
the
reader
may
be
the
better
satisfied
of
so
much
as
he
desires
to
know
thereof
.
The
Kingdom
then
of
Naples
(
as
hath
been
said
)
is
divided
into
12
Provinces
,
the
which
contains
2700
popularities
,
of
which
there
are
20
Archbishops
,
and
127
Bishops
,
and
1464
Countries
;
in
which
places
live
at
least
two
millions
of
people
;
for
in
the
Province
of
the
Country
of
Lavoro
was
taxed
in
the
Kings
Schedule
by
Families
-
58152
The
Principality
on
this
side
by
Families
-
47562
The
Principality
on
the
other
side
by
Families
-
30535
Basilicata
by
Families
-
38747
Calauria
on
this
side
by
Families
-
50878
Calauria
on
the
other
side
by
Families
-
55457
The
Country
of
Otronto
by
Families
-
50874
The
Country
of
Bary
by
Families
-
39141
Abruzzo
on
this
side
by
Families
-
27046
Abruzzo
on
the
other
side
by
Families
-
48689
The
County
of
Molise
by
Families
-
15693
Capitanata
by
Families
-
20804
Whereupon
the
abovesaid
number
of
Families
being
collected
together
,
make
in
all
4834●8
.
and
this
is
the
number
at
this
present
of
all
the
Families
in
the
Kingdom
;
in
the
which
number
the
City
of
Naples
is
not
comprehended
,
nor
the
hamlets
belonging
thereto
,
for
the
freedom
and
priviledges
which
the
Neapolitans
hold
.
The
revenue
of
the
Crown
both
in
the
ordinary
and
extraordinary
,
ariseth
very
near
to
three
millions
of
Crowns
,
yet
excepting
the
donative
:
which
is
now
reduced
into
an
ordinary
revenue
.
The
dignified
or
titular
Barons
of
the
Kingdom
in
this
year
1596.
are
155.
whereof
20
are
Princes
,
34
Dukes
,
40
Marquisses
,
and
53
Earls
;
but
the
Barons
without
title
are
about
1400.
the
which
are
all
bound
to
serve
personally
for
the
de●ence
of
the
Kingdom
.
The
Duke
of
Alba
in
the
year
1556.
in
the
War
against
Pope
Paolo
the
fourth
,
had
20
thousand
footmen
,
7
hundred
armed
men
,
and
a
thousand
seven
hundred
light-horsemen
.
Now
at
this
present
the
King
maintaineth
ordinarily
for
the
defence
of
the
Kingdom
,
4000
Spanish
footmen
under
many
Captains
,
with
a
Master
of
the
Camp
,
and
an
Auditor
;
and
this
Corporation
of
people
is
called
the
third
of
Naples
.
In
the
Castles
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
Fortresses
made
for
the
guard
and
defence
of
the
Sea
are
held
1608
footmen
ordinarily
Spaniards
,
comprehending
also
the
Officers
which
remain
in
the
Castles
for
the
service
of
them
.
There
are
also
1020
armed
men
ranged
into
16
companies
,
that
is
to
say
five
Spanish
,
and
eleven
Italians
,
60
men
in
a
company
;
there
are
besides
reserved
for
the
Viceroy-General
of
the
Kingdom
a
hundred
men
,
and
80
for
the
great
Constable
.
But
for
light-horsmen
there
is
not
above
450
ranged
into
five
companies
.
And
for
the
guard
and
service
of
the
Viceroy
he
hath
an
hundred
Almain
Holbardiers
,
besides
a
hundred
Gentlemen
,
that
is
to
say
60
Spaniards
,
and
50
Italians
,
that
are
continually
attendant
,
whose
duty
is
to
frequent
the
Court
,
to
accompany
the
Viceroy
in
time
of
peace
and
war
,
and
therefore
they
are
bound
to
have
their
arms
and
their
horses
.
Moreover
for
occurrences
in
defence
of
the
Kingdom
,
there
is
maintained
in
exercise
of
the
war
an
Army
of
24078
footmen
of
the
Kingdom
,
the
which
hath
not
been
very
long
since
it
was
ordained
,
for
because
that
in
all
the
Provinces
of
the
Kingdom
there
are
ordinarily
limited
five
footmen
for
every
hundred
Family
;
these
footmen
in
every
Country
of
the
Kingdom
are
chosen
by
the
Electors
of
that
Country
;
therefore
if
the
souldiers
named
do
not
please
their
Captains
,
they
ought
to
chuse
others
that
may
content
them
;
these
footmen
are
bound
both
in
the
occurrences
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
out
of
the
Kingdom
to
serve
five
years
,
and
then
in
change
of
them
to
chuse
others
.
And
in
the
same
manner
is
paid
to
the
said
souldiers
,
to
Captains
,
Ensigns
,
Sargeants
for
that
time
which
they
serve
,
the
same
pay
that
is
given
to
Spanish
footmen
and
their
Officers
.
These
souldiers
of
this
new
Army
(
which
together
are
so
named
)
enjoy
certain
priviledges
of
freedom
.
The
strength
of
the
Kingdom
consisteth
also
in
30
Gallies
,
with
their
helps
which
are
27.
but
the
principal
Fortresses
are
Naples
,
with
three
Castles
,
Gaeta
la
Mantia
,
Trani
,
Cotrone
,
Gallipoli
,
Monopoli
,
Taranto
,
Bary
,
Brindesi
,
with
the
Fortress
of
St.
Andrea
,
Barletta
,
Otranto
,
Manfredonia
,
Monte
de
St.
Angelo
,
and
towards
the
Mediterrane
,
Capoa
,
Cosenza
,
Catanzaro
,
Civitella
,
Aquila
.
All
the
men
in
general
are
strong
,
valorous
,
painfull
,
well
made
,
and
comely
,
ingenious
,
courteous
,
inclined
to
piety
and
vertue
,
desirous
of
novelty
,
litigious
,
given
to
pleasure
,
religious
aad
devout
,
the
which
the
many
and
great
magnificence
of
the
Churches
,
and
riches
of
the
Clergy
do
testifie
.
In
the
wars
they
declare
their
valour
and
courage
.
The
Nobility
are
liberal
,
magnanimous
,
warlike
,
and
make
particular
profession
of
policy
and
chivalry
.
The
nature
&
disposition
of
the
people
.
Now
forasmuch
as
we
have
spoken
somewhat
of
the
Revenues
of
the
Crown
in
this
Kingdom
,
it
will
not
be
amiss
to
discourse
more
particularly
thereof
.
The
REVENUES
of
the
CROWN
in
the
noble
and
most
happy
Kingdom
OF
NAPLES
.
BEfore
I
discourse
of
the
Revenues
which
the
king
of
Spain
hath
in
this
noble
kingdom
of
Naples
,
it
were
requisite
for
the
better
satisfaction
of
the
Reader
,
first
to
declare
in
what
manner
the
kings
in
former
time
have
received
it
.
The
Royal
revenue
under
the
Kings
of
the
Normans
was
received
by
a
price
.
Therefore
to
let
you
understand
that
under
the
kings
of
the
Normans
the
Revenues
pertaining
to
the
king
was
received
by
a
price
,
that
is
to
say
for
every
twelve
marks
of
Revenue
was
paid
three
fiorines
.
The
which
continued
untill
the
time
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
second
,
who
disliking
that
kind
of
payment
,
called
a
general
Parlament
,
where
assembled
all
the
Barons
and
Feuditarie
persons
of
the
kingdom
,
subject
unto
him
,
and
thither
also
repaired
all
the
chief
Magistrates
of
the
Cities
and
Countries
,
after
the
king
had
made
an
excellent
Oration
in
commendation
of
the
kingdom
,
he
exhorted
them
all
,
that
for
a
general
benefit
,
and
aid
,
and
confirmation
thereof
,
should
be
decreed
and
ordained
a
certain
and
ordinary
Revenue
,
to
the
end
that
the
poor
might
not
be
oppressed
by
the
rich
and
mighty
;
but
that
every
one
might
pay
so
much
as
were
fit
and
requisite
.
This
Proposition
of
the
King
seemed
unto
all
just
and
convenient
,
and
so
willing
to
satisfie
the
desire
of
the
king
,
desired
eight
daies
respit
to
consult
thereon
,
which
was
gently
granted
unto
them
.
After
which
time
expired
they
met
the
16
of
April
1218.
at
the
Parlament
in
the
Castle
of
Vovo
,
where
was
decreed
and
concluded
by
all
the
Barons
,
Feuditaries
and
Burgises
of
the
Cities
and
Countries
,
that
the
Regal
Revenues
for
the
aid
and
defence
of
the
Kingdom
,
should
be
received
by
collections
per
aes
,
&
libras
,
that
is
to
say
,
he
that
had
most
wealth
should
pay
most
,
and
who
had
not
should
pay
least
,
the
which
payments
because
they
were
not
sufficient
for
the
supply
and
succour
of
the
Kingdom
,
they
increased
it
to
the
number
of
six
collections
,
and
these
were
called
ordinary
Exchequer
payments
,
as
Luca
da
Penna
testifies
in
the
L.
1.
num.
3.
C.
de
indic
.
lib.
10.
and
Antonio
Capece
in
the
invest
.
ver.
feudorum
clausulae
ver.
collectis
colum
▪
5.
in
fi.
&
in
prin.
and
Andrea
of
Isernia
in
c.
1.
&
extraordinaria
,
in
prin.
&
●um
.
62.
quae
sint
reg
.
The
which
likewise
Fabio
Giordano
Neopolitan
in
his
Chro●●ele
thus
writeth
,
Post
quam
Neopolitanum
Regnum
in
Federici
secund.
Imperatoris
〈◊〉
ionem
veuit
,
noluit
ille
,
ut
redditus
,
ad
fiscum
pertinentes
licitacione
exiger●t●●
quemadmodum
à
superioribus
Regibus
factum
erat
,
nam
usque
ad
ej●s
tempora
〈◊〉
●●odenis
Marchis
,
t●es
argentei
flor●ni
solvebantur
,
hinc
animadvertus
provi●●●●mperator
pauperes
haec
ratione
nimium
vexari
,
&
opprimi
,
anno
millesimo
〈◊〉
ducentesimum
decimum
octavum
,
octavo
Kalendas
Maias
in
arcem
Lucullia●●●
,
Castellum
Normandiacum
etiam
dictum
;
publica
comitia
haberi
voluit
,
quò
convenientibus
omnibus
fere
Regni
hujus
Regulis
,
&
feudatariis
,
sic
dictis
,
oppidorism
dominis
,
atque
etiam
nonnullis
urbis
praetoribus
Fredericus
ex
excelsa
sede
,
regalique
solio
elegantem
,
ac
doctam
in
Regni
laudem
orationem
habuit
;
universos
abhortatus
,
ut
pro
publico
omnium
commodo
stabilique
Regni
quasi
praecidio
praecipuus
,
ac
certus
quidam
per
singulos
annos
censu●
designaretur
,
ne
singuli
nimis
,
ac
ultra
modum
vexarentur
.
Imperatoris
oratio
universis
placuit
,
à
quo
satis
humaniter
octo
dierum
spacium
his
fuit
concessum
,
ut
ea
de
re
inter
se
maturius
deliberarent
,
quo
dierum
curriculo
elapso
cuntis
Regulis
visum
fuit
,
ut
Regni
census
post
hac
non
licitacione
,
sed
per
collectas
colligerentur
,
ut
qui
plura
possideret
bona
,
plus
solveret
;
qui
verò
pauciora
,
minus
,
hic
exactionis
modus
ad
breve
duravit
tempu●
,
●am
cum
non
esset
satis
ad
Regni
necessitatibus
subveniendum
,
procedente
tempore
crevit
usque
ad
sex
collectas
,
quae
ab
omnibus
solutiones
siscales
vocabantur
.
This
manner
of
receiving
of
Collections
continued
untill
the
time
of
the
most
famous
and
renowned
King
Alfonsus
of
Aragon
,
who
purposing
better
to
establish
the
affairs
of
the
Kingdom
,
assembled
in
Naples
the
28
day
of
February
1442
a
general
Parlament
,
and
required
that
in
place
of
the
six
Collections
,
should
be
levied
on
every
Family
ten
carlines
.
And
although
Matteo
de
Afflitto
in
the
cap.
&
plaustorum
num
6.
quae
sint
reg
.
saith
that
that
Parlament
was
held
in
the
City
of
Benevento
,
nevertheless
in
the
chapters
of
the
Kingdom
,
cap.
1.
Regis
Alfonsi
appears
the
contrary
,
because
he
saith
that
the
said
Parlament
was
held
in
Naples
in
the
Church
of
St.
Lorenzo
.
In
the
year
following
1449
,
the
20
of
September
(
as
it
is
noted
in
the
Register
intituled
Literarum
curae
secundi
anni
1451.
fol.
133
▪
which
is
preserved
in
the
Royal
Chamber
of
the
Summary
)
the
said
King
being
in
the
Greek
Tower
,
caused
there
a
general
Parlament
to
assemble
,
where
the
King
so
propounded
,
that
he
maintaining
so
great
an
Army
,
as
well
by
land
as
sea
,
to
no
other
end
and
purpose
but
to
secure
and
defend
the
Kingdom
from
the
incursions
and
invasions
of
enemies
,
which
neglected
no
oportunity
to
prejudice
and
indanger
it
,
the
Royal
Revenue
of
the
Kingdom
being
not
sufficient
,
he
was
inforced
either
to
increase
it
,
or
to
give
way
to
the
enemy
,
therefore
he
had
considered
that
for
an
universal
benefit
,
it
would
do
well
that
there
should
be
imposed
five
other
Carlines
on
every
Family
besides
the
ten
,
the
which
payment
being
not
grievous
nor
heavy
but
lawfull
and
honest
,
may
be
easily
supported
of
all
:
And
to
the
end
they
may
know
,
it
is
not
our
purpose
to
impose
new
Taxes
,
nor
through
a
covetous
and
greedy
desire
to
heap
treasure
together
,
but
only
to
secure
them
from
the
Tyranny
of
others
,
and
therefore
at
this
present
I
promise
to
give
to
every
Family
of
the
Kingdom
a
bushel
of
salt
.
The
King
having
finished
this
Speech
,
they
all
cryed
out
with
a
loud
voice
,
saying
,
Whatsoever
your
sacred
Majesty
commands
shall
be
done
,
and
in
token
of
faithfull
Subjects
,
since
that
you
have
vouchsafed
to
bestow
salt
on
your
most
loyal
Kingdom
,
we
humbly
desire
that
your
sacred
Majesty
will
accept
of
us
in
behalf
of
the
whole
Kingdom
,
two
grains
more
for
a
Family
,
as
a
gratification
for
the
said
salt
,
which
shall
be
at
the
appointment
of
your
Majesties
Officers
,
the
which
was
accepted
of
the
King
;
the
number
of
which
Families
as
it
then
appeared
in
the
Royal
Taxation
,
with
all
the
Cities
and
Countries
of
the
Kingdom
(
except
58●4
families
of
the
exempted
and
disburthened
Countries
untill
this
new
and
last
numeration
,
which
was
in
the
year
1595.
)
were
475727
families
,
and
the
sum
of
money
which
was
gathered
of
these
payments
amounted
to
719095
duckets
,
under
which
number
of
Families
the
Albanesi
,
and
Illirici
are
not
comprehended
,
which
under
one
only
name
are
called
Slavoni
,
the
which
payed
no
more
then
eleven
Carlins
the
year
,
therefore
they
had
no
salt
given
them
,
and
every
year
were
numbered
,
being
lawfull
for
them
to
go
from
one
place
to
another
in
the
Kingdom
,
the
number
of
which
extraordinary
families
were
4451.
and
payed
according
to
the
said
taxation
every
year
4896.
duckets
and
ten
grams
.
There
are
also
exempted
from
the
said
usual
and
common
payment
the
Companies
which
have
perpetual
free
priviledges
,
which
import
41510
duckets
,
two
carlins
,
and
seven
grains
,
the
which
with
the
noble
City
of
Naples
,
are
in
all
the
Provinces
of
the
Kingdom
(
as
we
have
before
said
)
in
number
54.
There
are
also
exempted
the
Universities
which
are
free
for
some
prefixed
time
,
which
pay
not
the
said
payments
,
which
import
2609
duckets
,
eight
carlins
,
and
eight
grains
,
the
number
whereof
are
but
four
.
They
are
also
excepted
which
pay
by
covenant
and
agreement
,
which
import
23794
duckets
eight
carlins
and
three
grains
,
and
are
25
companies
.
Moreover
there
are
exempted
many
particular
men
which
hold
priviledged
immunities
,
which
import
1203
duckets
,
two
carlins
and
five
grains
.
So
there
is
received
clearly
,
exempting
the
priviledged
Universities
,
those
that
are
free
for
a
time
;
and
the
Universities
which
pay
by
covenant
,
and
the
priviledged
men
654873
duckets
,
six
carlins
,
and
seven
grains
.
This
then
is
the
ordinary
payment
which
the
King
receiveth
every
year
of
all
the
families
of
the
Kingdom
.
There
is
likewise
another
ordinary
payment
called
Adogo
,
which
signifies
royal
service
,
this
is
payed
by
the
Feudaries
in
place
of
personal
service
,
because
every
one
is
bound
to
present
himself
personally
before
the
King
when
he
goeth
to
war
.
At
the
which
service
the
feudary
was
bound
personally
to
be
ready
with
his
only
person
,
when
he
possessed
an
intire
fee.
It
was
held
an
intire
fee
,
when
the
revenue
thereof
did
amount
to
20
ounces
,
the
ounce
is
6
duckets
,
What
a
whole
intire
fee
was
Andrea
d'
Isernia
.
Capece
.
A
feudary
was
bound
but
to
3
months
service
.
The
Chap.
of
King
Charls
.
by
the
which
intire
fee
the
said
feudary
was
bound
to
continue
his
said
service
the
space
of
three
months
at
his
own
charges
with
three
horses
and
arms
,
as
Andrea
de
Isernia
affirms
in
C.
1.
similiter
potest
,
nu.
14.
ver.
in
Reg.
Sici
.
de
cap.
qui
cur
.
vend
.
and
Capece
in
the
cap.
Imperialem
,
praeteraea
si
quis
in
feudatus
10
col
.
ver.
item
nota
quod
quando
de
prohib
.
feu
.
alie
.
per
feder
.
And
in
the
decision
10.
nu.
14.
Neither
was
the
feudatary
inforced
to
serve
longer
then
the
said
time
,
unless
the
King
would
have
him
near
unto
him
for
his
service
,
and
then
the
King
ought
to
give
him
pay
,
the
which
appears
in
the
Chapters
of
King
Charls
the
second
,
which
begins
Item
statuimus
quod
Comites
,
Barones
,
&c.
The
which
three
months
of
service
which
the
said
feudist
ought
to
do
,
should
begin
to
be
counted
from
the
day
that
the
muster
was
taken
,
the
which
that
great
feudist
Andrea
d'
Isernia
thus
declareth
in
consti
.
Hostici
.
3.
Col.
ver.
sed
quaero
quando
,
&
à
quo
tempere
.
But
if
the
feudist
serve
not
personally
,
he
ought
to
provide
another
fit
to
send
in
his
place
,
The
feudary
when
he
served
not
personally
to
what
he
was
bound
.
that
may
content
the
King
,
as
was
ordained
by
the
Emperor
in
Cap.
Imperialem
,
firmiter
de
probib
.
feu
.
alien
.
per
Feder
.
And
this
was
when
the
feudist
did
possess
the
said
whole
entire
revenue
;
for
when
the
revenue
did
not
arise
unto
the
said
quantity
of
2.
ounces
,
then
more
fees
or
tribute
were
joyned
together
,
that
might
make
up
the
whole
fee
of
20
ounces
,
and
so
amongst
them
sent
one
souldier
with
three
horses
and
arms
,
which
for
three
months
followed
the
Kings
service
,
from
the
which
conjunction
of
feudists
,
as
Andrea
d'
Isernia
saith
in
cap.
1.
num.
9.
Versi
&
quantum
adoha●●entum
de
contro
.
feu
.
apud
par.
term
.
This
said
royal
service
was
called
Adogo
,
as
it
were
a
uniting
.
And
in
very
truth
,
although
the
said
feudists
contribute
their
money
to
the
said
service
of
the
King
,
at
that
time
which
they
paid
for
the
said
whole
fee
of
20
ounces
the
half
,
and
somewhat
more
,
that
is
to
say
ten
ounces
and
a
half
;
yet
for
all
this
they
shall
pay
at
this
present
,
that
is
for
every
hundred
duckets
of
revenue
he
payeth
the
half
,
which
are
50
duckets
and
five
graines
besides
for
a
ducket
more
,
which
are
in
all
52
duckets
and
a
half
,
and
this
payment
is
meant
when
the
fee
consisteth
in
slaves
.
But
if
the
fee
be
without
slaves
,
because
the
feudist
could
not
have
aid
or
assistance
,
he
ought
only
to
pay
six
ounces
.
And
if
the
fee
consisteth
in
money
,
that
is
to
say
in
penal
payments
,
or
alienated
revenues
established
,
he
payeth
only
five
ounces
because
that
revenue
may
be
augmented
,
as
Isernia
saith
in
cap.
1.
fin
.
quis
dicatur
dux
,
Marchio
,
and
in
the
cap.
Imperialem
.
firmiter
in
2.
col
.
ver.
idem
videmus
quod
solvitur
.
So
in
like
manner
to
do
that
royal
service
when
the
feudists
have
not
the
whole
fee
,
they
are
to
joyn
together
in
the
manner
abovesaid
,
and
to
pay
for
one
souldier
,
according
to
the
said
sum
of
ten
ounces
and
a
half
,
the
which
the
said
Isernia
saith
in
the
said
cap.
1.
nu.
9.
de
contro
feu
.
apud
par.
ter.
di
vers
.
&
quantum
ad
adohamentum
.
And
moreover
also
it
standeth
in
the
election
of
the
feudatory
,
if
he
will
personally
serve
,
he
cannot
be
inforced
to
pay
for
the
Kings
service
;
but
if
the
feudist
be
not
fit
and
able
,
or
not
in
health
,
he
ought
then
to
send
another
in
his
place
of
sufficient
strength
and
ability
,
the
which
the
aforeleadged
Author
writeth
in
the
said
Chapter
Imperialem
,
firmiter
,
nu
.
32.
For
these
services
then
which
belong
to
feudists
,
are
certain
slaves
,
or
rather
lands
to
help
towards
the
moyety
of
the
said
service
held
by
the
Barons
at
the
rate
of
five
carlins
a
Family
,
for
these
Families
which
the
Universities
are
taxed
,
if
the
land
consist
not
of
so
many
Families
,
which
at
the
rate
of
five
carlins
a
Family
,
comprehendeth
not
the
moyety
of
the
payment
of
the
said
taxation
of
the
Baron
,
that
University
or
Countrey
is
not
bound
to
any
further
charge
,
but
for
so
many
families
as
are
taxed
,
paying
at
the
rate
of
five
carlins
a
family
,
and
for
that
which
wanteth
the
Baron
is
enjoyned
to
pay
together
with
some
other
moiety
which
he
hath
.
But
if
the
number
of
Families
be
so
many
that
the
payment
of
every
family
at
the
aforesaid
rate
of
five
carlins
exceed
the
moity
of
the
contribution
which
belongs
to
the
University
,
then
that
overplus
which
groweth
is
to
be
divided
among
the
Families
,
to
the
end
that
the
only
moity
which
belongs
to
the
aid
and
help
of
the
Baron
may
be
received
.
Of
which
Afflitto
doth
very
largely
discourse
&
in
cap.
Caroli
2.
which
begins
Comites
Barones
,
Afflitto
.
sub
rubr
.
de
subven
.
Vassall
.
The
which
help
of
Vassals
was
thus
devided
by
Charls
the
second
,
as
it
is
noted
in
the
said
Chapter
.
Charls
2.
Comites
,
Barones
,
&
feudatarii
,
sub
rubr
.
de
subven
.
Vassal
.
Afterward
the
Kingdom
came
into
the
Jurisdiction
of
Ferdinando
the
Catholick
King
,
who
understanding
the
many
contentions
and
strifes
which
were
in
the
Kingdome
between
the
Barons
and
Vassals
for
the
payment
of
this
Imposition
of
the
Adogo
,
to
settle
things
in
order
,
appointed
that
all
the
Barons
and
feudists
,
with
their
revenue
should
be
noted
,
and
that
all
the
Cities
,
and
Countries
,
and
Families
of
the
Kingdom
should
be
newly
numbred
,
and
ordained
that
the
helps
of
the
moity
of
the
taxations
which
the
vassals
paid
to
the
feudists
by
reason
of
the
Kings
service
,
should
be
no
more
received
by
the
feudists
,
but
by
the
Kings
Treasurers
and
Officers
.
The
sum
at
this
present
did
amount
,
which
was
paid
every
year
by
the
feudists
into
the
Kings
Exchequer
to
75616
duckets
,
and
as
many
more
were
received
of
the
vassals
.
But
the
whole
intire
Adogo
which
every
Province
paid
,
wherein
the
Barons
and
feudists
of
the
Kingdom
were
taxed
,
appears
here
under-written
.
The
Country
of
Lavoro
duckets
-
18346
The
County
of
Molise
,
duckets
-
3152
The
Principality
on
this
side
,
duckets
-
12489
The
Principality
on
the
other
side
,
duckets
-
10348
Basilicata
,
duckets
-
14671
Calauria
on
this
side
,
duckets
-
6962
Calauria
on
the
other
side
,
duckets
-
7317
The
Country
of
Otranto
,
duckets
-
13495
The
Country
of
Bary
,
duckets
-
8●42
Abruzzo
on
this
side
,
duckets
-
7280
Abruzzo
on
the
other
side
,
duckets
-
8651
Capitanata
duckets
-
9669
The
sum
of
the
duckets
,
-
12056
When
it
hapneth
in
the
Kingdom
to
bestow
a
Donative
upon
the
King
,
the
Barons
use
to
examin
what
every
one
of
them
holds
,
deviding
the
payment
by
the
rate
which
they
pay
of
the
Adogo
,
the
which
Adogo
(
as
we
have
said
,
which
at
this
present
is
present
is
paid
)
is
52
duckets
,
●
.
10
.
for
the
hundred
,
if
the
fee
consist
in
vassals
;
but
being
without
vassals
,
he
payeth
for
his
Adogo
26
duckets
and
a
quarter
,
which
is
the
moity
of
the
whole
fee
;
but
if
the
Baron
possesseth
a
fee
that
is
disinhabited
,
he
payeth
for
the
Taxation
of
the
Adogo
30
duckets
for
a
hundred
.
And
it
is
also
to
be
understood
,
that
when
the
Baron
or
Feudist
dieth
,
the
heir
of
the
dead
doth
not
pay
for
the
first
year
the
Adogo
into
the
Kings
Exchequer
;
but
the
year
ended
,
after
the
death
of
the
said
Baron
,
the
heir
payeth
his
Livery
,
which
payment
is
half
the
revenue
which
the
Baron
hath
by
the
year
;
and
if
it
so
fall
out
that
the
heir
do
not
reveal
the
death
of
the
Baron
,
the
year
being
past
he
forfeits
nine
times
the
value
,
which
the
Livery
of
the
Baron
importeth
,
therefore
when
the
Livery
is
paid
,
all
the
Countries
and
debts
are
levied
which
the
dead
Baron
is
found
to
have
.
The
Cities
also
and
Lands
of
Demains
pay
the
Livery
to
the
King
every
fifteen
year
,
even
as
at
the
death
of
a
Baron
,
Places
of
Demains
which
yay
the
Livery
.
Extraordinary
payments
,
on
whom
,
and
when
it
is
imposed
.
The
imposition
of
3
grains
made
by
Don
Thus
have
I
briefly
declared
the
ordinary
Impositions
which
the
Families
and
Feudists
of
the
Kingdom
pay
.
Now
remaineth
to
declare
the
extraordinary
payments
which
every
Family
paieth
yearly
into
the
Kings
Exchequer
.
First
of
all
every
Family
payeth
four
grains
,
the
which
payment
is
received
every
month
.
This
Imposition
was
made
by
Don
Pietro
of
Toledo
Viceroy
of
the
Kingdom
the
second
of
May
1542.
the
which
first
imposed
three
grains
upon
the
Spanish
Footmen
to
pay
,
and
appointed
the
said
payment
to
be
received
every
fourth
month
,
as
it
appears
by
a
Letter
of
the
said
Don
Pietro
,
inserted
in
the
Letters
of
the
Kings
Chamber
,
under
the
date
of
the
22.
of
May
1542.
In
the
year
after
1544.
in
the
month
of
September
,
the
said
Imposition
was
increased
to
four
grains
,
as
it
is
expressed
in
a
Letter
of
the
said
Viceroy
inclosed
in
a
Commission
of
the
Kings
Chamber
,
dated
the
third
of
September
1544.
At
the
last
in
the
year
1566.
Don
Perasenno
de
Rivera
Duke
of
Alcala
ordained
that
the
said
Imposition
should
be
received
of
all
the
Families
of
the
Kingdom
according
to
the
former
Order
,
th●
which
even
at
this
present
is
received
.
The
Imposition
levied
on
the
free
Companies
,
the
which
pay
no
other
Impositions
then
above
written
,
containeth
yearly
for
the
number
of
ordinary
Families
215216
duckets
six
carlins
,
and
six
grains
;
and
for
extraordinary
Families
1019
duckets
and
8
carlins
,
the
which
sum
joyned
together
are
216236
duckets
4
carlins
6
grains
.
There
is
also
an
Imposition
paid
for
the
wages
of
the
Barigelli
of
the
fields
,
which
are
those
that
guard
and
keep
the
high-wayes
,
and
goe
against
Outlaws
.
This
Imposition
was
made
by
Don
Pietro
of
Tolledo
the
third
of
August
in
the
year
1550.
only
in
the
Provinces
of
the
Principality
on
this
side
and
the
other
,
and
the
County
of
Molise
,
Capatanata
,
and
Basilicata
,
to
avoid
the
robberies
which
were
daily
committed
,
for
which
cause
were
appointed
the
Universities
to
pay
all
those
losses
which
were
there
committed
.
It
was
afterward
ordained
that
the
said
Imposition
should
be
gathered
of
all
the
Provinces
except
the
Land
of
Lavero
;
but
for
the
service
which
the
said
Barricelli
did
in
that
Province
,
they
should
be
payed
out
of
the
Kings
Exchequer
.
The
said
Imposition
was
received
of
every
Province
diversly
,
the
which
we
have
declared
in
their
places
.
This
Imposition
riseth
to
18506
duckets
,
seven
carlins
and
two
grains
yearly
.
There
is
another
Imposition
which
is
paid
for
the
guard
and
defence
of
the
Towers
and
Castles
,
the
which
Imposition
was
instituted
by
Don
Perasanno
de
Rivera
Duke
of
Ascala
,
to
the
end
the
Kingdom
might
be
secure
from
Rovers
,
by
the
which
imposition
all
the
whole
Kingdom
payed
for
every
Family
seven
grains
,
The
sum
of
the
imposition
for
the
Castles
and
the
twelfth
part
of
a
grain
.
But
the
Countries
which
were
distant
twelve
miles
from
the
Sea
payed
the
half
of
the
said
payment
,
the
which
amounted
to
25348
duckets
yearly
.
There
was
likewise
gathered
of
the
Universities
the
payment
for
the
building
of
the
Castles
,
when
they
were
builded
,
and
there
was
received
according
to
the
payment
which
they
paid
for
the
guard
of
the
said
Castles
.
And
because
at
this
present
there
are
not
any
Castles
builded
in
the
Kingdom
,
therefore
that
payment
is
no
long●r
continued
:
There
was
also
gathered
another
Imposition
of
three
grains
of
every
Family
of
the
Kingdom
for
the
repairing
of
the
streets
and
high-waies
of
the
Kingdom
.
This
Imposition
was
instituted
by
the
Duke
of
Alcala
the
20
of
Iuly
1539.
as
it
appears
by
a
Letter
inserted
in
a
Commission
of
the
Kings
Chamber
of
the
Summaria
,
The
sum
of
the
imposition
for
repairing
the
highway●
.
dated
the
first
of
Iuly
,
registred
in
the
Royal
Register
,
Litterarum
Curiae
xxi
.
fol.
93.
the
which
payment
containeth
41640
duckets
yearly
.
The
Families
also
of
the
Kingdom
payed
17
grains
for
to
pay
the
souldiers
and
men
of
arms
which
guarded
and
defended
the
Kingdom
,
this
payment
in
the
year
1555.
was
received
45
grains
for
a
Family
,
in
the
year
after
1559.
the
Kingdom
being
augmented
by
the
means
of
Don
Iohn
Manriquez
Viceroy
of
the
Kingdom
,
The
sum
of
the
payment
for
the
soldiers
and
men
of
arms
.
the
said
payment
was
deducted
to
36
grains
.
And
last
of
all
because
the
number
of
Families
were
very
much
increased
,
it
was
brought
to
17
grains
a
Family
,
the
which
payment
amounteth
yearly
,
excepting
the
free
Universities
74900
duckets
two
carlins
and
eight
grains
.
Finally
the
Universities
and
Families
of
the
Kingdom
pay
two
grains
through
the
decay
of
5804
Families
.
These
are
extraordinary
payments
,
which
the
Families
of
the
Kingdom
pay
into
the
Exchequer
.
Also
the
Kings
Exchequer
receives
from
the
said
Kingdom
other
Revenues
and
Rents
,
which
consist
in
divers
things
,
which
are
these
following
,
The
custom
of
the
sheep
of
Apulia
,
which
is
one
of
the
principal
Revenues
which
the
King
hath
in
the
Kingdom
,
The
custom
of
the
sheep
of
Apulia
.
the
which
consisteth
in
the
herbage
,
which
the
Kings
customer
renteth
every
year
to
the
husbandmen
for
the
pasture
of
sheep
,
and
greater
cattel
,
whereof
some
pay
thirteen
duckets
and
eight
carlins
for
a
hundred
sheep
,
and
some
twelve
,
and
some
ten
and
a
half
,
and
some
six
,
and
some
three
,
and
some
fifteen
carlins
for
a
hundred
,
and
some
twelve
crowns
for
a
thousand
;
but
for
greater
cattel
there
are
some
which
pay
thirty
seven
duckets
and
a
half
for
a
hundred
,
and
others
twenty
two
and
a
half
,
and
others
eighteen
duckets
and
three
quarters
.
Therefore
the
receiver
satisfieth
to
the
Masters
of
the
herbage
according
to
the
goodness
and
qualitie
of
the
pasture
:
As
in
the
year
1592.
there
was
assigned
to
the
said
custom
four
millions
,
four
hundred
seventy
one
thousand
,
496
sheep
,
and
of
greater
cattel
nine
thousand
six
hundred
,
of
which
sheep
and
greater
cattel
is
paid
into
the
Kings
Exchequer
622172
duckets
and
seven
carlins
,
from
the
which
sum
is
deducted
380492
duckets
and
five
carlins
and
two
grains
,
for
the
payment
of
the
herbage
given
to
divers
particular
persons
,
with
the
alms
bestowed
upon
the
poor
,
and
other
charges
,
returning
into
the
Kings
Exchequer
241264
duckets
,
The
custom
of
Puglia
very
a●cient
.
four
carlins
,
and
five
grains
and
three
quarters
,
the
which
sum
is
carried
into
the
Kings
Treasury
.
This
customary
payment
hath
been
very
ancient
,
for
in
the
time
of
the
Romans
the
like
was
payed
,
as
it
appears
in
Varro
,
and
other
ancient
Writers
.
And
as
we
have
before
said
,
the
Kingdom
being
invaded
by
divers
Nations
,
the
custom
decayed
through
the
long
wars
,
The
custom
of
Puglia
newly
instituted
by
King
Alfonsus
.
untill
the
coming
of
the
worthy
and
renowned
Alfonsus
of
Arragon
,
first
of
this
name
King
of
Naples
,
the
which
newly
restored
it
,
in
the
year
1447.
with
excellent
orders
,
and
made
Francesco
Maluber
Commissary
for
reformation
thereof
.
In
the
year
1501.
Lewis
the
twelfth
King
of
France
,
having
devided
the
Kingdom
with
King
Ferdinando
the
Catholick
King
,
and
Apuglia
and
Calauria
being
alotted
to
King
don
Ferdinando
,
he
created
Frederick
Menidois
Neopolitan
cust●mer
of
the
sheep
,
who
received
by
means
of
the
rents
of
the
herbage
83280
duckets
.
The
French
King
perceiving
so
great
a
revenue
,
challenged
the
custom
,
saying
it
belonged
unto
him
,
through
which
discord
after
long
wars
,
the
Frenchmen
were
driven
out
of
all
the
Kingdom
.
Leaving
as
an
example
for
others
,
that
who
seeks
all
,
commonly
loseth
all
.
The
second
revenue
is
the
custom
of
Silks
▪
which
is
one
of
the
best
revenues
in
the
Kingdom
,
and
this
is
in
the
Province
of
Calauria
,
for
all
the
silk
which
was
there
made
,
and
in
other
places
,
they
anciently
paid
five
grains
in
the
pound
.
This
custom
was
in
the
year
1483.
by
King
Ferdinando
the
first
,
sold
to
the
Prince
of
Bisignano
for
eighteen
thousand
duckets
.
The
cus●om
of
silk
sold
to
the
Prince
of
Bisignano
.
In
the
year
after
1541.
Don
Pic●ro
of
Toledo
Viceroy
of
the
Kingdom
,
imposed
five
tornese
more
upon
the
pound
,
and
assigned
it
to
the
said
Prince
,
because
of
the
right
which
he
pretended
unto
the
County
of
Milito
.
This
revenue
now
yields
seventy
thousand
crowns
yearly
.
In
the
same
year
the
said
Don
Pietro
in
the
name
of
the
Emperor
Charls
the
fifth
imposed
five
other
grains
more
upon
a
pound
of
silk
,
and
this
he
did
because
of
the
fortifying
of
the
Castle
of
Cotrone
.
In
the
year
1555.
Don
Berardino
of
Mendozza
,
being
Viceroy
of
the
Kingdom
,
ordained
that
of
all
the
other
Provinces
should
be
gathered
one
carlin
for
a
pound
of
silk
,
and
appointed
that
that
imposition
should
be
paid
in
the
time
that
the
silk
grows
.
Afterward
Don
Francesco
Pacecco
,
Cardinal
Saguntino
,
Viceroy
of
the
kingdom
,
imposed
in
the
year
1557
▪
upon
all
the
silk
which
went
out
of
the
kingdom
another
carlin
in
the
pound
.
Last
of
all
in
the
year
1580.
Don
Iohn
Zunica
,
Prince
of
Pietra
Pertia
,
purposing
to
take
away
the
deceits
which
by
means
of
the
said
extractions
were
committed
,
with
the
will
and
consent
of
the
kings
collateral
Councel
,
ordained
that
even
as
in
the
Province
of
Calauria
was
received
fifteen
grains
on
the
pound
at
sund●y
times
,
he
would
have
the
same
at
one
entire
payment
,
that
is
,
to
be
paid
in
the
time
that
the
silk
grows
;
and
also
he
would
that
in
the
other
Provinces
should
be
received
two
carlins
on
the
pound
.
By
the
which
order
the
said
revenue
was
much
augmented
.
To
the
which
Imposition
is
also
annexed
Saffron
,
The
sum
of
the
imposi●ion
upon
s●●k
and
saffron
.
of
which
is
paid
one
carlin
the
pound
.
The
receit
of
this
revenue
ariseth
yearly
to
the
summe
of
148003
duckets
.
The
third
revenue
is
the
custom
and
profit
of
Iron
,
the
which
Imposition
was
ordained
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
second
,
The
custom
or
Iron
▪
and
by
whom
〈◊〉
w●s
●●s●ituted
.
who
made
it
unlawfull
for
any
man
to
bring
iron
into
the
kingdom
to
sell
,
except
to
the
kings
Paymasters
or
Tenants
,
and
the
price
was
rated
throughout
all
the
Provinces
.
The
which
custom
although
at
sundry
times
it
was
diversly
received
,
nevertheless
at
this
present
for
the
most
part
,
the
third
part
thereof
is
paid
,
which
is
the
half
of
the
price
,
which
is
paid
for
the
iron
brought
into
the
kingdom
to
the
paymasters
.
Therefore
the
said
price
is
imposed
by
the
kings
Chamber
of
the
Summaria
,
over
which
before
the
price
was
established
,
it
caused
to
be
taken
in
Naples
a
diligent
information
of
●hat
it
stood
the
Rentmaster
in
.
And
so
goes
the
fourth
part
of
steel
,
and
the
fifth
of
pitch
,
the
which
revenue
amounteth
to
the
sum
of
61836
duckets
:
And
according
to
the
same
rent
go
the
custom
of
the
mercerie
wares
of
Calauria
.
The
fourth
revenue
is
the
regal
custom
,
The
great
custom
of
Naples
and
the
revenue
thereof
.
and
the
greatest
storehouse
of
the
City
of
Naples
,
because
there
is
received
18
grains
by
ounce
of
all
the
merchandize
which
are
sold
by
the
Merchants
,
by
reason
of
the
custom
there
are
received
also
divers
other
payments
,
that
is
to
say
15
grains
by
the
ounce
by
reason
of
the
storehouse
:
the
which
custom
amounteth
to
115025
duckets
.
The
fifth
Revenue
are
the
Royal
Customs
of
the
Merchandize
of
the
Provinces
of
the
Countries
of
Otranto
,
Bary
,
Basilicata
,
and
Capatanata
,
The
sum
of
th●
〈◊〉
r●venue
.
the
which
revenue
ariseth
to
97300
duckets
.
The
sixth
Revenue
is
the
Regal
custom
of
the
thirds
of
Wine
,
which
is
half
the
price
of
the
Wine
which
is
paid
to
the
king
,
T●e
reven●●
of
〈◊〉
cu●●om
of
〈◊〉
.
being
called
the
Custom
of
the
thirds
of
Wine
,
as
a
difference
from
another
which
is
paid
to
the
City
of
Naples
The
revenue
of
this
Royal
Custome
amounteth
to
970013
duckets
:
The
seventh
Revenue
is
the
new
Impost
of
Oyl
and
Sope
,
which
is
paid
at
the
rate
of
one
carlin
for
every
stare
,
Of
Oyl
and
Sope.
which
is
the
measure
of
oyl
in
Naples
so
called
,
the
which
revenue
containeth
10400
duckets
.
The
eighth
Revenue
is
the
new
Impost
of
Wine
which
is
transported
out
of
the
Kingdom
,
Of
Wine
conveyed
out
of
the
kingdom
.
The
custom
of
Cards
.
the
which
Revenue
ariseth
to
104000
duckets
.
The
ninth
Revenue
is
the
custom
of
playing
Cards
,
this
new
Custom
was
Imposed
in
the
year
1578.
and
for
every
pair
of
Cards
the
customer
received
a
carlin
,
which
yielded
15310
duckets
.
The
tenth
Revenue
is
the
Custom
of
the
Marketplace
of
Maiure
,
called
otherwise
the
place
of
Small-Wares
,
the
Revenue
whereof
ariseth
to
9390
duckets
.
The
eleventh
Revenue
is
the
Custom
of
Eggs
,
Kidds
,
and
Birds
,
which
are
brought
into
the
City
of
Naples
,
Of
eggs
,
birds
,
and
kidds
.
Of
Manna
.
which
ariseth
to
2300
duckets
.
The
twelfth
Revenue
is
the
Impost
of
artificial
or
inforced
Manna
which
is
payd
at
the
rate
of
one
carlin
the
pound
,
which
contains
700
duckets
.
Of
the
race
of
Horses
.
The
thirteenth
Revenue
are
the
two
Races
of
Horses
which
the
Kings
Court
maintains
in
Puglia
and
Calauria
,
which
is
received
by
the
sale
which
is
made
of
the
said
horses
,
and
other
things
,
5670
duckets
.
The
fourteenth
Revenue
are
the
profits
,
forfeitures
,
and
compositions
which
proceed
from
the
Kings
Chamber
,
Of
forfeitures
to
the
King
and
from
the
great
Court
of
the
Vicaria
,
and
from
the
kings
Audit
of
the
Provinces
of
the
kingdom
,
which
yearly
amount
to
the
sum
of
34000
duckets
.
The
fifteenth
Revenue
is
the
Custom
of
Horses
which
are
bought
of
strangers
in
Naples
,
Of
horses
that
are
bought
.
which
importeth
500
duckets
.
The
sixteenth
Revenue
is
the
due
of
Ius
salmarum
for
the
conveying
of
Grain
,
Barley
,
Of
the
conveying
of
corn
.
and
Pulse
,
which
is
transported
into
the
kingdom
,
the
which
Revenue
ariseth
to
4000
duckets
.
The
revenue
of
times
,
why
it
was
so
called
.
The
seventeenth
Revenue
are
the
Customs
which
are
commonly
called
the
fines
of
the
Annunciata
,
which
consist
in
a
certain
duty
,
and
is
received
at
the
four
Gates
of
the
City
of
Naples
And
in
the
Market-place
of
the
said
City
is
received
the
kings
due
for
the
slaughter
of
Cattel
.
And
this
Revenue
of
the
Fines
of
the
Annunciata
,
was
so
named
because
the
king
Don
Frederick
of
Arragon
,
having
taken
up
a
certain
quantity
of
money
at
Interest
of
Merchants
,
he
agreed
with
them
that
they
should
be
paid
out
of
those
duties
,
therefore
he
appointed
that
they
should
alwaies
be
paid
by
the
Masters
and
Governors
of
the
Hospital
of
the
Annunciata
,
to
the
end
every
one
might
be
satisfied
his
due
.
The
which
even
to
this
present
with
great
diligence
is
received
by
the
said
Governors
,
paying
it
to
the
said
Creditors
,
and
the
overplus
of
the
said
Revenue
they
return
into
the
kings
general
Treasury
.
This
Revenue
ariseth
yearly
to
247001
duckets
,
which
dischargeth
the
said
debt
,
the
which
doth
amount
yearly
to
2247
duckets
,
three
carlins
and
three
grains
,
so
there
remain
to
the
king
no
more
then
2339
duckets
.
The
eighteenth
Revenue
are
the
helps
and
aids
of
Tuscan
,
which
do
amount
to
13000
duckets
.
The
aids
of
Tuscan
.
The
ninteenth
are
the
Revenues
of
the
City
of
Vesti
,
of
St.
Severino
,
and
of
the
Fee
of
Tacina
,
The
revenue
of
the
City
of
Viesti
and
others
.
A
new
imposition
upon
Brimstone
.
The
new
imposition
on
hemp
.
A
new
imposition
on
the
infidels
.
and
many
others
,
the
which
sum
imports
24577
duckets
.
The
twentieth
Revenue
is
the
new
Imposition
upon
Brimstone
which
is
digged
in
the
kingdom
,
and
is
paid
at
the
rate
of
three
carlins
for
a
kintal
,
the
which
commodity
is
now
omitted
.
The
21
revenue
is
the
new
Imposition
of
Hemp
,
which
is
paid
at
the
rate
of
15
carlins
for
the
kintal
,
the
which
commodity
is
also
omitted
.
The
twenty
two
revenue
is
a
new
imposition
upon
the
Infidels
,
which
are
ransomed
and
are
received
in
this
sort
,
from
two
hundred
crowns
downward
is
paied
eight
duckets
by
the
poule
,
from
two
hundred
to
five
hundred
is
paid
ten
crowns
by
the
poule
,
from
five
hundred
to
a
thousand
is
paid
fifteen
crowns
by
the
poule
,
and
when
the
ransom
is
of
some
quantity
,
the
more
is
paid
in
respect
of
the
said
taxation
.
The
due
of
Salnitro
.
The
twenty
third
Revenue
is
the
custom
of
the
extraction
of
Salnitro
,
which
is
received
at
the
rate
of
a
crown
for
a
kintall
,
the
which
commodity
is
omitted
.
Twentifourth
Revenue
is
the
industry
and
labour
of
Salt
,
and
Salt-Pits
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
although
at
this
present
there
is
not
any
commodity
thereby
,
nevertheless
the
King
hath
a
Rent
,
and
according
to
the
charge
of
the
said
Rent
,
The
industry
and
labour
of
Salt
.
they
are
constrained
to
fetch
salt
out
of
the
Kingdom
,
to
maintain
their
Store-houses
furnished
,
and
for
the
provision
of
Officers
and
other
occasions
,
the
Kings
Court
payeth
to
the
Rent-Masters
by
the
year
17700
duckets
,
and
receiveth
no
profit
or
benefit
by
the
sale
,
but
they
are
bound
to
deliver
to
the
Universities
of
the
Kingdom
bay
salt
at
the
rate
of
a
bushel
for
every
Family
by
the
year
,
and
when
they
give
white
salt
,
they
are
bound
to
give
the
more
according
to
the
rate
that
the
bay
salt
is
valued
.
And
so
they
are
enjoyned
to
give
to
all
the
Officers
and
servants
of
the
Kings
Chamber
,
salt
answerable
to
the
rate
of
the
charges
which
they
are
above
enjoyned
.
The
twentififth
Revenue
are
the
duties
for
the
custom
of
Grain
,
Barley
,
The
duties
of
the
commodities
of
grain
and
others
.
and
Pulse
,
going
out
of
the
Kingdom
,
the
which
is
laid
up
for
the
store
of
the
Kingdom
,
but
being
brought
out
,
there
is
great
abundance
.
The
twentisixth
Revenue
is
the
devolution
for
the
dead
,
and
the
end
of
the
lines
of
Barons
of
the
Kingdom
,
The
end
of
the
lines
of
Barons
,
and
the
Kings
Offices
that
are
void
.
The
revenue
of
Liveries
of
heirs
and
forfeitures
and
others
.
and
of
Offices
that
are
void
by
the
death
of
them
that
held
them
;
but
because
these
things
are
extraordinary
,
there
is
no
particular
account
kept
of
the
Revenue
thereof
.
The
twen●iseventh
Revenue
are
the
Liveries
of
heirs
,
profits
of
penal
amerceaments
,
forfeitures
of
Statutes
,
Incroachments
,
and
other
extraordinary
Revenues
which
falls
to
the
King
,
through
many
and
sundry
causes
;
which
being
no
certain
nor
constant
revenues
,
I
make
no
distinction
of
them
.
But
as
it
is
judged
by
Iohn
Baptista
d'
Assaro
,
Cesard
d'
Acampora
,
and
Alfonso
Crivella
,
the
most
diligent
and
reasonable
Arbitrators
of
the
Kings
Chamber
,
say
the
revenue
is
worth
150000
duckets
.
Moreover
the
King
hath
in
this
Kingdom
24
Cathedral
Churches
,
the
which
held
more
then
fifty
thousand
crowns
yearly
.
The
Cathedral
Churches
of
the
Kingdom
.
The
Abbats
of
the
Kingdom
.
He
hath
also
profit
from
many
Abbots
,
which
are
the
ancient
patrons
of
the
Kingdom
,
the
which
yield
ten
thousand
crows
yearly
.
The
sum
of
the
Revenue
which
the
King
hath
in
all
the
Kingdom
(
except
the
donatives
)
is
two
millions
,
nine
hundred
ninty
six
thousand
,
nine
hundred
thirty
seven
duckets
,
seven
carlins
and
four
grains
2996937.
Thus
have
I
briefly
discoursed
,
only
to
note
the
greatness
of
his
noble
Kingdom
the
which
is
not
to
be
wondred
,
that
at
sundry
times
there
have
repaired
so
many
sorts
of
barbarous
Nations
from
farr
,
and
even
remote
parts
of
the
world
(
as
is
well
known
)
to
make
spoil
thereof
.
But
now
through
the
providence
of
God
,
it
remaineth
in
much
peace
,
and
secure
under
the
protection
of
the
puissant
King
Philip
2d
,
the
people
having
never
enjoyed
so
peaceable
a
times
,
with
the
great
benefit
and
abundance
of
all
things
.
The
Donatives
which
have
been
made
at
sundry
times
by
the
Noble
City
of
NAPLES
and
the
KINGDOM
to
their
KINGS
.
AMong
other
Priviledges
which
the
faithfull
City
of
Naples
and
the
Kingdom
holdeth
,
one
is
,
that
the
King
cannot
for
any
occasion
demand
a
Donative
or
assistance
;
nevertheless
it
hath
been
known
that
in
times
of
calamity
and
the
great
necessitie
of
their
Kings
▪
they
have
been
succoured
and
assisted
with
all
their
strength
,
their
money
,
and
their
men
.
Therefore
for
these
worthy
deeds
they
have
deserved
to
be
called
no
Vassals
,
but
faithfull
friends
.
I
now
purposing
to
discourse
of
the
Donatives
which
have
been
made
unto
the
Kings
,
beginning
from
the
year
1507.
and
having
a
desire
for
no
other
cause
there
to
begin
,
but
because
from
thence
I
have
had
a
true
information
of
writings
,
being
alwaies
a
more
laudible
thing
to
declare
few
things
and
true
,
then
many
and
ambiguous
.
In
the
year
then
1507.
the
last
of
the
month
of
Ianuary
,
was
held
a
general
Parlament
by
the
Deputies
of
the
noble
City
of
Naples
,
in
the
Monastery
of
Mount
Olivet
,
where
met
(
according
to
the
custom
)
the
Princes
,
Dukes
,
Marquisses
,
Earls
,
Barons
and
Feudists
,
and
Burgises
of
the
Cities
,
and
free
Towns
in
the
Kingdom
,
in
which
general
Parlament
was
concluded
,
that
to
the
Catholick
King
Ferdinando
,
in
respect
of
the
former
Wars
,
and
the
present
affairs
,
and
to
maintain
the
Kingdom
in
peace
,
should
be
given
a
donative
of
three
hundred
thousand
duckets
the
which
being
propounded
,
the
speaker
or
advocate
of
the
Cities
and
Common-wealth
,
after
he
had
used
some
few
plausible
words
,
desired
that
besides
that
day
,
they
might
have
three
daies
respit
to
consult
thereon
.
And
the
time
being
come
,
it
was
generally
concluded
,
that
it
should
be
paid
in
this
manner
,
that
is
to
say
,
by
the
rate
thereof
,
the
Barons
should
pay
fifty
thousand
duckets
,
levied
by
the
rate
o●
the
Adogo
,
and
that
the
said
sum
should
be
all
paid
by
August
1508
and
the
remainder
the
people
of
the
whole
Kingdom
should
pay
,
as
well
landed
men
,
as
he
Barons
,
eleven
carlins
a
family
,
that
is
to
say
three
carlins
the
next
months
of
April
or
May
,
and
three
the
months
of
October
and
November
of
the
same
year
1507.
and
two
in
the
months
of
February
and
March
in
the
year
1508.
and
three
in
the
month
of
October
the
same
year
.
Of
which
donative
was
no
man
exempted
,
except
the
noble
City
of
Naples
,
and
the
Hamlets
belonging
thereto
.
The
26
of
November
in
the
year
1520
was
held
(
according
to
the
custom
)
a
publick
and
general
Parlament
,
in
the
which
the
Barons
of
the
kingdom
considering
the
great
charges
which
Charls
the
fifth
had
been
at
,
then
king
of
the
Romans
,
about
his
Coronation
in
Aquisgrane
,
they
gave
him
thirty
thousand
duckets
,
and
concluded
that
it
should
be
paid
within
the
time
of
three
years
,
levying
the
first
payment
of
the
three
,
at
the
birth
of
our
Lord
next
ensuing
,
in
the
year
1521
:
and
was
levied
in
the
selfsame
manner
,
which
was
paid
to
king
Ferdinando
,
neither
was
it
permitted
that
any
person
should
be
exempted
,
except
the
City
of
Naples
.
In
the
year
1523.
the
first
of
September
was
held
in
the
Monastery
of
Mount
Olivet
,
a
publick
Parlament
,
where
was
concluded
that
to
the
Emperor
Charls
the
fifth
,
for
the
necessity
which
he
had
to
pay
his
Army
,
should
be
given
him
two
hundred
thousand
duckets
,
which
should
be
received
at
three
payments
,
that
is
to
say
,
at
Easter
,
the
birth
of
our
Lord
,
and
in
August
,
and
it
was
decreed
that
of
this
Donative
not
any
person
,
though
priviledged
,
should
go
free
,
except
the
City
of
Naples
and
the
Hamlets
belonging
thereto
.
The
16
of
the
month
of
Iuly
1524.
in
the
Monastery
of
Mount
Olivet
(
according
to
the
accustomed
manner
)
was
held
a
general
Parlament
,
and
concluded
that
to
the
Emperor
should
be
given
50
thousand
duckets
by
reason
of
his
Army
which
he
had
in
Lumbardy
,
and
of
this
payment
were
only
freed
the
venerable
Churches
,
and
Hospital
of
the
Annunciation
,
with
the
City
of
Naples
,
and
the
Hamlets
.
The
19
of
May
1531.
was
held
a
general
Parlament
,
where
having
a
principal
respect
to
the
Wars
which
the
Emperor
made
with
the
Turk
,
and
although
the
kingdom
had
been
much
exhausted
through
long
wars
,
dearth
,
and
pestilence
,
nevertheless
the
Barons
shewing
a
generous
mind
to
serve
the
Emperor
,
made
a
donative
of
six
hundred
thousand
duckets
,
of
which
the
Barons
paid
an
Adogo
and
a
half
,
not
by
the
way
of
an
Adogo
,
but
a
pure
and
free
Donative
,
and
the
remainder
the
people
paid
.
This
Donative
was
levied
and
paid
in
four
years
,
and
thereof
was
only
free
the
City
of
Naples
,
and
the
jurisdictions
of
the
Annunciation
.
The
20
of
August
1534.
was
held
(
according
to
the
accustomed
manner
)
in
the
Monastery
of
Mount
Olivet
a
general
Parlament
,
where
with
a
general
consent
was
agreed
,
that
there
should
be
given
unto
the
Emperor
one
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
duckets
to
the
end
to
chace
away
the
Fleet
of
the
Turks
,
which
had
given
out
to
invade
the
coast
of
the
kingdom
,
and
this
Donative
was
levied
at
three
payments
,
that
is
to
say
at
September
next
ensuing
,
at
the
birth
of
our
Lord
,
and
at
Easter
1●35
.
and
the
Barons
contributed
for
the
aforesaid
donative
fifty
thousand
duckets
,
the
which
payment
they
paid
not
by
way
of
an
Adogo
,
but
as
a
simple
donative
,
and
the
remnant
of
a
hundred
thousand
duckets
were
paid
by
the
people
.
From
the
which
payment
was
not
exempted
any
person
,
though
he
were
priviledged
,
except
the
famous
and
renowned
City
of
Naples
,
and
the
Hospital
of
the
Annunciation
.
In
the
year
1536.
on
the
eight
day
of
the
month
of
Ianuary
,
in
the
Church
of
St.
Laurence
was
by
the
Deputies
of
the
renowned
Citie
of
Naples
,
held
a
general
and
publick
Parlament
,
at
the
which
(
according
to
to
the
usual
manner
)
met
the
Princes
,
Dukes
,
Marquisses
,
Earls
,
Barons
,
Feudaries
of
the
kingdom
,
and
also
the
Burgises
of
the
Cities
and
free
Towns
,
in
the
which
Parlament
considering
the
charge
of
the
Emperor
to
return
into
Spain
,
it
was
concluded
there
should
be
given
him
a
donative
of
a
million
,
and
fifty
thousand
duckets
,
and
this
donative
was
the
greatest
that
ever
was
made
to
any
king
whatsoever
of
the
said
kingdom
,
and
was
enacted
with
these
Conditions
and
Covenants
following
,
that
is
to
say
,
that
the
quantity
which
was
to
be
paid
by
the
Barons
might
be
so
much
as
would
amount
to
the
sum
of
three
Adogoes
,
but
yet
not
by
way
of
an
Adogo
,
but
as
a
free
donative
,
according
to
the
taxation
which
at
this
present
is
to
be
seen
in
the
Royal
Chamber
of
the
Summaria
,
and
the
remainder
was
appointed
that
the
people
,
Cities
,
Countries
,
and
Castles
of
the
kingdom
should
pay
.
Of
which
donative
fifty
thousand
duckets
were
levied
in
a
year
,
and
the
Barons
payed
thereof
one
Adogo
;
but
for
the
contribution
of
the
million
,
which
was
agreed
to
be
paid
in
five
years
,
the
two
Adogos
were
not
paid
,
and
the
people
discharged
the
rest
.
The
Emperor
seeing
the
great
affection
which
the
kingdom
did
bear
unto
him
,
purposing
in
some
measure
to
remunerate
their
good
will
towards
him
,
granted
both
to
the
Kingdom
and
Cities
,
many
priviledges
.
In
the
year
1538.
and
the
27
day
of
March
,
according
to
the
accustomed
order
,
was
held
a
publick
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
decreed
that
there
should
be
given
to
the
Emperor
a
donative
of
360
thousand
duckets
,
and
that
of
it
the
Barons
should
pay
so
much
as
did
amount
to
the
quantity
of
half
an
Adogo
,
not
by
way
of
an
Adogo
,
but
as
a
simple
donative
,
and
the
remainder
to
the
complement
of
the
said
sum
,
the
people
should
pay
.
The
which
donative
was
levied
and
paid
in
five
thirds
,
and
the
City
of
Naples
was
exempted
,
and
the
Lands
of
the
venerable
Church
and
Hospital
of
the
Annuntiation
.
In
the
year
1539.
the
15
of
March
was
held
a
publick
Parlament
(
according
to
the
accustomed
manner
)
in
St.
Laurence
,
and
was
concluded
,
that
in
regard
of
the
Occurrences
which
the
Emperor
had
to
pay
his
Army
,
should
be
given
him
a
donative
of
260
thousand
duckets
,
with
condition
that
the
Barons
part
should
be
so
much
as
would
amount
to
half
an
Adogo
,
not
by
the
way
of
an
Adogo
,
but
as
a
free
donative
,
and
the
rest
the
people
,
Cities
,
Countries
,
and
Castles
of
the
Kingdom
should
pay
.
The
said
donative
was
received
in
three
thirds
,
and
payd
.
In
the
year
1540.
the
27
of
November
was
held
(
according
to
the
usual
manner
)
a
publick
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
agreed
that
it
were
requisite
to
sustain
and
succour
the
great
necessity
,
and
charge
which
the
King
was
at
for
the
defence
and
security
of
the
kingdom
:
but
the
kingdom
being
greatly
exhausted
,
there
should
be
given
a
donative
of
the
quarter
of
an
Adogo
,
but
not
by
way
of
an
Adogo
,
but
as
a
simple
donative
,
and
the
Cities
,
Countries
,
and
Castles
should
pay
16
grains
for
a
Family
.
In
the
year
1541.
the
29
of
Iuly
was
held
(
according
unto
the
accustomed
manner
)
a
publick
Parliament
in
St.
Laurence
,
wherein
seeing
the
necessity
of
the
King
,
and
the
great
preparation
of
the
Turk
to
invade
the
Kingdom
,
to
the
end
souldiers
may
be
entertained
,
and
also
to
fortifie
and
provide
that
the
Cities
and
Countries
may
be
able
to
resist
the
said
invasion
,
it
was
concluded
that
there
should
be
given
a
donative
to
the
Emperor
of
800
thousand
duckets
;
of
which
the
Barons
paid
an
Adogo
and
a
half
,
yet
not
as
an
Adogo
,
but
as
a
simple
and
free
donative
,
and
the
remnant
the
people
of
the
Kingdom
paid
.
In
the
year
1543
was
held
(
according
to
the
accustomed
order
)
a
publick
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
wherein
was
agreed
that
a
donative
should
be
given
to
the
Emperor
of
a
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
duckets
,
and
fifty
thousand
more
to
make
the
compleat
sum
of
200
thousand
,
and
it
was
ordained
that
it
should
be
given
by
reason
of
the
want
of
money
.
In
the
year
1545.
was
held
(
according
to
the
usual
manner
)
a
publick
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
wherein
was
decreed
that
to
the
Emperor
should
be
given
a
donative
of
600
thousand
duckets
,
to
pay
the
Spanish
Footmen
,
the
repairing
of
the
Streets
and
Lakes
.
In
the
year
1546.
was
held
(
according
to
the
accustomed
order
)
a
publick
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
wherein
was
concluded
,
that
to
his
Catholick
Majesty
should
be
given
a
donative
of
240
thousand
Duckets
.
In
the
year
1548.
was
held
(
according
to
the
ordinary
manner
)
a
publick
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
wherein
was
decreed
,
that
for
the
marriage
of
the
Lady
Mary
of
Austria
the
Emperours
daughter
,
should
be
imposed
five
carlins
on
a
Family
,
the
which
sum
importeth
a
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
duckets
.
In
the
year
1549.
was
held
(
according
to
the
accustomed
manner
)
in
St.
Laurence
,
a
publick
Parlament
,
wherein
was
decreed
that
there
should
be
given
to
his
Majesty
,
a
donative
of
600
thousand
duckets
,
of
which
donative
the
Barons
paid
200
thousand
duckets
,
and
the
rest
the
people
of
the
Kingdom
.
In
the
year
1552.
was
held
(
according
to
the
wonted
manner
)
a
publick
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
wherein
was
concluded
that
there
should
be
given
unto
his
Majesty
a
donative
of
800
thousand
duckets
,
and
22
thousand
duckets
was
granted
,
which
was
given
unto
the
Viceroy
,
because
he
was
a
great
favourer
of
the
Kingdom
with
his
Majesty
.
In
the
year
1553.
was
held
(
according
to
the
accustomed
manner
)
a
general
publick
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
wherein
was
decreed
,
that
there
should
be
given
to
his
Majesty
a
donative
of
30
thousand
duckets
.
In
the
year
1554.
was
held
▪
according
to
the
accustomed
order
,
a
general
publick
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
concluded
that
there
should
be
given
to
his
Majesty
for
the
payment
of
his
Army
,
30
thousand
duckets
.
In
the
year
1555.
was
held
(
according
to
the
wonted
manner
)
a
publick
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
decreed
that
there
should
be
given
to
his
Majesty
a
hundred
and
six
and
fifty
thousand
duckets
to
pay
the
Companies
.
In
the
year
1556.
was
held
(
according
to
the
accustomed
manner
)
a
publick
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
concluded
that
there
should
be
given
to
his
Majesty
400000
duckets
.
The
which
sum
of
money
was
devided
in
this
manner
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
City
of
Naples
should
pay
1000
duckets
,
and
the
Barons
225000
duckets
,
and
the
rest
the
people
should
pay
.
In
the
year
1557.
was
held
(
according
to
the
usual
manner
)
a
general
publick
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
concluded
,
that
for
the
great
necessity
which
his
Majesty
had
to
pay
the
Spanish
Footmen
,
and
the
Dutch
Companies
,
there
was
granted
unto
him
a
hundred
thousand
duckets
,
and
this
payment
was
devided
between
the
Barons
and
the
people
of
the
Kingdom
.
In
the
year
1558.
was
held
a
general
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
decreed
that
there
should
be
given
to
the
King
a
million
of
gold
,
and
25
thousand
duckets
to
the
Viceroy
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
besides
nine
thousand
and
two
hundred
duckets
to
Signor
Marc.
Antonio
Colonna
,
the
which
donatives
were
paid
by
the
Barons
and
the
people
of
the
Kingdom
.
In
the
year
1560.
was
held
a
publick
and
general
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
▪
where
was
concluded
,
that
to
the
Kings
Majesty
should
be
given
a
million
and
200
thousand
duckets
,
and
to
the
excellency
of
the
Viceroy
of
the
Kingdom
27
thousand
and
five
hundred
duckets
,
the
which
sum
of
money
the
Barons
and
people
of
the
Kingdom
paid
.
In
the
year
1562.
was
held
a
publick
and
general
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
decreed
that
to
the
Kings
Majesty
should
be
given
a
million
of
gold
,
the
which
donative
the
Barons
and
people
of
the
Kingdom
paid
.
In
the
year
1564.
was
held
a
publick
and
general
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
given
to
his
Majesty
a
million
of
gold
,
and
sixty
thousand
duckets
to
the
renowned
Prince
of
Spain
,
and
Duke
of
C●lauria
his
son
,
the
which
sum
of
money
the
Barons
and
people
of
the
Kingdom
payed
.
In
the
year
1566.
was
held
a
publick
and
general
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
given
to
the
King
a
million
and
two
hundred
thousand
duckets
,
the
which
donative
the
Barons
and
people
of
the
Kingdom
paid
.
In
the
year
1568.
was
held
a
publick
and
general
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
decreed
that
to
his
Majesty
should
be
given
a
million
and
200
thousand
duckets
,
the
which
donative
was
paid
by
the
Barons
and
people
of
the
Kingdom
.
In
the
year
1572.
was
held
a
publick
and
general
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
concluded
that
to
the
Kings
Majesty
should
be
given
a
million
and
200
thousand
duckets
,
the
which
donative
the
Barons
and
people
of
the
Kingdom
paid
.
In
the
year
1574.
was
held
a
publick
and
general
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
given
to
his
Majesty
a
million
and
200
thousand
duckets
,
the
which
donative
was
divided
between
the
Barons
and
the
people
of
the
Kingdom
.
In
the
year
1577.
was
held
a
publick
and
general
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
concluded
that
to
the
Kings
Majesty
should
be
given
a
million
and
two
hundred
thousand
duckets
,
the
which
donative
was
devided
between
the
Barons
and
the
people
of
the
Kingdom
.
In
the
year
1579.
was
held
a
publick
and
general
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
decreed
that
to
his
Majesty
should
be
given
a
million
and
two
hundred
thousand
duckets
,
the
which
donative
was
paid
by
the
Barons
and
people
of
the
Kingdom
.
In
the
year
1581.
was
held
(
according
to
the
accustomed
manner
)
a
publick
and
general
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
,
where
was
concluded
,
that
to
the
Kings
Majesty
should
be
given
a
million
,
and
two
hundred
thousand
duckets
,
the
which
donative
was
devided
between
the
Barons
and
people
of
the
Kingdom
.
In
the
year
1583.
the
second
day
of
Ianuary
was
held
a
publick
and
general
Parlament
,
and
was
decreed
,
that
to
the
King
should
be
given
a
millon
and
two
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
duckets
,
the
which
donative
was
paid
by
the
Barons
and
people
of
the
Kingdom
▪
In
the
year
1585.
was
held
(
according
to
the
usual
manner
)
a
publick
and
general
Parlament
in
St.
Laurence
of
Naples
,
where
was
concluded
that
to
the
Kings
Majesty
should
be
given
a
million
and
two
hundred
thousand
duckets
,
the
which
donative
was
paid
two
parts
by
the
people
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
one
by
the
Barons
,
of
which
payment
only
the
City
of
Naples
,
and
the
Territories
of
the
Annuntiation
were
free
:
In
the
year
1587
:
according
to
the
custom
,
was
given
a
donative
to
the
King
,
of
a
million
and
two
hundred
thousand
duckets
.
In
the
year
1589.
was
given
,
according
to
the
usual
custom
,
a
donative
to
the
King
of
a
million
and
two
hundred
thousand
duckets
.
In
the
year
1591.
was
given
by
the
Barons
and
people
of
the
Kingdom
,
a
donative
to
the
King
of
a
million
and
two
hundred
thousand
duckets
:
In
the
year
1593
:
was
given
,
according
to
the
accustomed
manner
,
a
donative
to
the
King
of
a
million
and
two
hundred
thousand
duckets
:
In
the
year
1595.
was
given
a
donative
to
the
King
of
a
million
and
two
hundred
thousand
duckets
:
A
Description
of
the
Rivers
,
Lakes
,
Fountains
,
Baies
,
Mines
,
Hils
,
and
Woods
,
which
are
in
this
Kingdom
.
A
-
THe
River
Acida
runneth
near
Niceto
,
now
called
Donato
.
-
The
River
Amaseno
runneth
near
Abbadia
.
-
The
River
Alabro
runneth
near
Supino
-
The
River
Albula
,
otherwise
called
Matrino
,
runneth
near
Musignano
.
-
The
River
Aterno
,
now
called
Pescara
,
runneth
near
to
Civita
di
Chieti
-
The
River
Avinio
runneth
near
Fratte
-
The
River
Aventino
runneth
near
the
Fort
of
Rasino
-
The
River
Alandra
runneth
near
Sala
-
The
River
Acheronte
,
now
called
Campagnano
,
runneth
near
Castello
Franco
,
called
in
old
time
Pandosia
,
where
was
slain
(
as
he
was
foretold
by
the
Oracle
)
Alexander
King
of
Molossus
,
whilst
he
understanding
not
the
deceits
of
the
devil
,
remained
secure
,
having
escaped
another
River
of
the
same
name
in
his
own
Country
of
Epire.
-
The
River
Ancitula
runneth
near
Francica
-
The
River
Alaro
,
called
in
old
time
Sacra
,
runneth
near
Roccella
-
The
River
Aesaro
,
called
also
Aesano
,
runneth
near
St.
Severina
,
and
the
City
of
Cotrone
-
The
River
Alex
runneth
near
the
City
of
Alesio
-
The
River
Areus
runneth
near
Cosenza
-
The
River
Arentho
runneth
near
Cosenza
-
The
River
Abuceto
hath
his
original
from
the
Hill
Abuceto
,
which
is
in
the
Isle
of
Ischia
-
The
River
Angitula
runneth
near
Angitula
-
The
River
Agatha
runneth
near
Regio
-
The
River
Aterno
,
now
called
Pescara
,
runneth
near
Pescara
-
The
River
Alba
runneth
near
Manupello
-
The
River
Asinella
runneth
near
Vasto
-
The
River
Ag●ra
,
is
in
Calauria
,
and
runneth
into
Faro
of
M●ssina
-
The
River
Alore
in
Calauria
-
The
River
Au●ido
hath
his
original
from
the
Hils
Hirpini
,
and
runneth
by
Canosa
,
and
after
into
the
Adria●ick
Sea
▪
by
some
it
is
called
Canne
,
in
respect
of
a
City
of
the
same
name
,
not
far
off
,
which
is
very
famous
for
the
great
victory
of
Hannibal
,
by
the
overthrow
which
he
gave
to
the
Roman
Army
,
by
which
victory
Hannibal
had
from
the
hands
of
the
Roman
Knights
three
bus●●ls
of
Rings
of
gold
;
the
said
River
is
now
called
Lofanto
-
The
River
Anfure
,
now
called
Ufente
,
runneth
near
the
City
of
Terracina
,
called
in
old
time
Ansure
-
The
River
Acri
runneth
near
Saponara
-
The
River
Arnone
runneth
near
Castelluccia
B
-
THe
River
Bathino
,
called
in
old
time
Tordino
,
and
Juvatino
is
near
Montepagano
-
The
River
Basento
runneth
near
Cosenza
,
which
River
is
very
famous
for
the
Sepulchre
of
Alaricus
the
Goth
▪
with
certain
treasure
that
is
there
hid
,
and
the
●light
of
the
Emperor
Otho
,
which
was
overthrown
by
Basilius
the
Greek
.
-
The
River
Bato
runneth
near
Scalea
.
The
River
Bradano
runneth
through
Basilicata
C
-
THe
River
Calore
runneth
near
Benevento
,
and
riseth
in
the
Mountains
of
Crepacore
-
The
River
Cervano
runneth
into
the
Haven
of
Taranto
,
called
the
little
Sea
-
The
River
Coraco
runneth
near
Roccella
-
The
River
Croccia
runneth
near
Simari
-
The
River
Crate
runneth
near
Cosenza
,
the
water
whereof
maketh
hair
yellow
,
and
woll
white
-
The
River
Cratallo
runneth
near
Catanzaro
-
The
River
Cacino
runneth
near
Seminara
-
The
River
Cardono
runneth
through
the
territory
of
Cosenza
,
and
is
full
of
golden
sand
-
The
River
Cato
Castro
runneth
near
Mantea
-
The
River
Cochile
,
called
in
old
time
Sibari
,
whereupon
Sicel●o
in
the
year
of
the
world
2409.
saith
,
the
ancient
City
Sibari
was
builded
,
the
which
increased
through
the
amenity
of
the
Country
in
such
greatness
,
that
it
could
arm
sometimes
three
hundred
thousand
men
;
this
River
runneth
near
Cassano
-
The
River
Coloneta
runneth
near
Rossano
-
The
River
Calabrice
entreth
into
the
River
Sibare
,
and
runneth
near
Pagiano
-
The
River
Clanio
,
called
also
Glanio
,
runneth
near
Cerra
-
The
River
Canne
runneth
three
miles
distant
from
the
City
of
Venosa
,
and
entreth
into
the
River
Lofanto
,
near
the
which
Rive
was
in
old
time
the
beautifull
City
Canne
,
called
of
the
Latines
Canusium
,
the
which
place
is
so
famous
(
both
by
Poets
and
Historians
so
much
named
)
for
the
great
overthrow
which
Hannibal
gave
to
the
Romans
,
thorough
the
tim●rity
and
presumption
of
Terentius
Varro
,
as
Livy
apparently
declares
in
his
21
book
,
and
Sillio
Italico
in
his
9
book
,
Plutarch
in
the
life
of
Hannibal
,
and
of
Scipio
,
with
many
other
Writers
,
in
the
which
overthrow
was
slain
the
Consul
,
P.
Emilio
,
L.
Ascilio
,
L.
Furio
Bicacculo
,
Treasurers
of
the
Wars
,
21
military
Tribunes
,
and
many
Pretors
,
Councellers
,
and
Ediles
,
whereof
were
Gn.
Servilio
,
and
Gn.
Minutio
Numantio
,
the
which
had
been
the
year
before
Master
of
the
Cavaliery
,
and
80
Senators
.
There
was
slain
in
this
great
overthrow
40000
footmen
,
and
2700
of
the
Roman
Cavalry
,
and
as
many
of
their
friends
and
con●ed●rates
and
many
prisoners
taken
.
Ptolomeus
otherwise
nameth
this
place
Canusium
,
and
Martial
making
mention
of
Canne
,
thus
saith
,
-
Haec
tibi
turbato
Canusina
simillimamulso
-
Munus
erit
gaude
,
non
fiet
cito
anus
▪
-
The
River
Clanto
runneth
near
Loriano
-
The
River
Cosano
runneth
near
Asserolo
-
The
River
Casinio
now
called
Sanguino
,
runneth
near
Venafro
-
The
River
Cales
runneth
near
the
ancient
City
of
Cales
,
now
called
Calvi
-
The
River
Cerbalo
runneth
near
Civitella
in
Puglia
-
The
River
Calabrice
runneth
near
Fagliano
,
and
entreth
into
the
River
Sibare
D
-
THe
River
Diama
passeth
near
to
Cerella
E
-
The
River
Esaro
runneth
near
the
City
of
Corrone
-
The
River
Eterno
passeth
near
Teano
-
The
River
Evoli
passeth
near
Evoli
F
-
THe
River
F●●miceilo
runneth
near
the
City
of
Termole
-
The
River
F●umiculo
runneth
near
Civitella
-
The
River
Fiterno
,
now
called
Salino
,
passeth
near
the
City
of
S●lino
-
The
River
Freddo
passeth
near
the
City
of
Freddo
-
The
River
Frento
,
otherwise
called
Fortore
,
runneth
near
Larino
a
ruinated
City
-
The
River
Furore
passeth
near
Vieteri
-
The
River
Fanes
,
called
also
Siris
runneth
near
the
City
of
Benevento
-
The
River
Fineto
passeth
near
Regina
-
The
River
Fibrena
runneth
between
the
City
of
Arpino
and
Sora
G
-
THe
River
Glanco
passeth
near
Valerosa
-
The
River
Gineto
,
called
also
Thieto
,
runneth
near
the
said
Country
-
The
River
Gronde
passeth
near
the
territory
of
Balbino
in
Calauria
-
The
River
Garga
runneth
two
miles
distant
from
the
Country
of
Summoranno
-
The
River
Grande
runneth
near
Altomonte
-
The
River
Galesso
runneth
into
the
haven
of
Taranto
,
called
the
little
Sea
-
The
River
Garigliano
,
called
in
old
time
Ganicus
,
and
now
Liris
,
passeth
near
the
ancient
City
of
Minturna
,
destroyed
long
since
I
-
THe
River
Isauro
passeth
near
the
City
of
Nieto
,
now
called
Donato
-
The
River
Isclaro
passeth
near
the
City
of
Caserta
-
The
River
Isauro
runneth
near
the
City
of
Agatha
-
The
River
Ispica
passeth
near
the
City
of
Pietra
Fitta
-
The
River
Ipoleto
passeth
near
Nicastro
L
-
THe
River
Lite
,
called
in
old
time
Liris
,
and
sometime
Glanicus
,
is
now
called
Garigliano
;
the
said
River
runneth
between
Arce
and
Sora
;
Pliny
saith
that
this
River
hath
its
original
from
the
Lake
Fucino
-
The
River
Librata
,
of
the
Ancients
,
and
among
others
,
Pliny
calleth
it
Albula
,
for
the
whiteness
thereof
;
the
said
River
passeth
into
Abruzzo
,
and
runneth
not
far
off
from
Civitella
of
Tronto
.
This
River
springeth
from
the
Apennine
-
The
River
Leudo
runneth
near
the
Country
of
Paolo
-
The
River
Lavo
,
called
also
Laino
,
runneth
near
Scalea
-
The
River
Lento
passeth
near
the
Monastery
of
St.
Liberatore
,
and
the
City
of
Frantana
,
now
called
Francavilla
;
this
River
springeth
from
the
Hill
Maiella
-
The
River
Lucinio
passeth
near
Rossano
-
The
River
Linterno
passeth
not
very
far
from
the
River
Vulturno
-
The
River
Lofanto
called
also
Aufido
,
runneth
near
Canosa
,
by
Pliny
it
is
named
Aufidus
,
and
it
is
also
so
called
by
Strabo
,
by
Pomponius
Mela
,
and
by
other
ancient
writers
.
This
River
riseth
from
a
little
Fountain
of
the
Apennine
hils
,
among
the
Irpini
,
not
far
distant
from
the
City
of
Nosco
,
and
from
hence
descendeth
as
a
little
brook
of
water
,
which
in
summer
,
the
course
or
current
thereof
can
hardly
be
perceived
to
run
30
miles
;
but
in
the
winter
season
it
is
so
much
augmented
by
other
Rivers
and
streams
which
pass
into
it
,
and
besides
through
the
showers
and
dews
that
are
very
often
in
that
season
,
it
overfloweth
the
greatest
fields
of
Puglia
,
so
comforting
and
watering
the
Country
,
that
it
seems
a
large
,
long
,
and
great
sea
-
The
River
Larasca
springeth
in
Taranto
M
-
THe
River
Melpi
runneth
near
the
City
of
the
ancient
Atinagia
,
now
ruinated
-
The
River
Moscano
passeth
near
Piesco
-
The
River
Metauro
runneth
near
Maida
-
The
River
Mesina
runneth
near
Policastro
-
The
River
Moro
passeth
near
Ortona
to
the
Sea
-
The
River
Moncata
runneth
near
Lacania
,
and
Maida
in
Calauria
,
in
the
Territory
of
which
Country
grow
the
Plantane
Trees
,
a
thing
very
rare
in
Italy
-
The
River
Medama
passeth
near
Belloforte
-
The
River
Metauro
passeth
near
Nicotera
-
The
River
Marno
passeth
near
Terranova
-
The
River
Melfa
runneth
near
the
ancient
City
of
Atina
,
which
was
one
of
the
five
Cities
which
were
built
for
the
defence
of
Turnus
against
Eneas
,
as
Virgil
saith
in
the
seventh
book
of
his
Eneidos
-
The
River
Musanio
springeth
in
the
mountains
of
Crepacore
N
-
THe
River
Nursa
passeth
near
the
Abby
of
St.
Clement
-
The
River
Neta
passeth
near
Torana
and
Regia
-
The
River
Neeto
passeth
neere
Crotrone
O
-
THe
River
Ocinaro
,
called
also
Sabatio
,
passeth
near
Martorano
-
The
River
Obvio
passeth
near
Capestrano
P
-
The
River
Piomba
runneth
near
Toritto
-
The
River
Paola
runneth
near
the
City
of
Paola
-
The
River
Pratello
passeth
near
Piedemonte
-
The
River
Petrace
runneth
near
Gioia
-
Lhe
River
Pesipo
runneth
near
Nicastro
-
The
River
Panopleto
passeth
near
Maida
-
The
River
Pitornio
runneth
near
the
Lake
Fucino
-
The
River
Plumba
passeth
near
Hadria
R
-
THe
River
Rufeo
runneth
near
Caramanico
-
The
River
Raino
runneth
near
Paleno
-
The
River
Reatio
runneth
near
Messuraca
,
called
in
old
time
Reatium
S
-
THe
River
Sabuto
passeth
near
Nocera
,
and
the
ancient
City
of
Teberina
,
which
was
destroyed
by
Hannibal
of
Carthage
(
and
as
the
Ancients
do
affirm
)
Ligia
,
one
of
the
Sirenes
inhabited
upon
the
mouth
of
the
said
River
-
The
River
Sebeto
,
called
by
the
Latines
Sebethos
,
is
a
little
River
which
passeth
without
the
walls
of
the
noble
City
of
Naples
,
which
the
Neopolitans
call
the
River
Magdalena
,
by
reason
of
a
Church
dedicated
to
the
said
Saint
,
near
which
the
said
River
passeth
,
Papin
.
Statio
makes
mention
of
the
said
River
u●
his
first
book
de
Selve
,
saying
,
Et
pulchra
tumeat
Sebethos
alumna
.
It
is
also
named
by
Virgil
,
by
Statio
,
and
by
Colomella
,
and
by
many
other
writers
-
The
River
Senno
,
called
in
old
time
Siri
,
runneth
near
Amendolara
,
and
the
ancient
City
of
Sino
,
which
was
afterward
named
Heraclea
,
where
the
Statue
of
Minerva
is
very
famous
,
which
rouled
the
eys
against
the
Ionii
which
sackt
the
City
,
not
respecting
it
-
The
River
Sapre
runneth
near
the
ancient
City
of
Sapri
,
now
ruinated
-
The
River
Semiro
runneth
near
Squillace
-
The
River
Seminara
runneth
near
the
said
Country
-
The
River
Sebatio
,
called
also
Ocinaro
,
passeth
near
Abatio
-
The
River
Salinello
,
called
also
Suino
,
passeth
near
Villanto
-
The
River
Sino
runneth
near
Corvignano
-
The
River
Sarno
,
called
also
Scafato
,
passeth
near
the
City
of
Sarno
-
The
River
Soricella
runneth
near
Grotta
-
The
River
Sabaro
,
called
by
the
Latins
Sibaris
,
runneth
near
the
ancient
City
of
Turia
,
in
Calauria
,
the
water
whereof
being
drank
by
oxen
,
sheep
,
and
other
cattel
,
makes
their
skins
to
become
black
,
where
very
near
is
the
River
Crate
,
which
worketh
the
contrary
effect
-
The
River
Saro
,
now
called
Sangro
,
passeth
near
Fossa
Ceca
-
The
River
Sento
runneth
near
the
hill
Zalario
-
The
River
Scosa
passeth
near
Niceto
-
The
River
Sagara
,
very
famous
in
Calauria
,
for
the
cruel
battel
between
the
Locresi
and
the
Crutonesi
T
-
THe
River
Targine
passeth
near
Crotone
-
The
River
Tauro
passeth
near
Civita
di
Penna
-
The
River
Tara
riseth
under
Massafra
near
Taranto
-
The
River
Tordino
,
called
by
Pliny
,
Vivantium
,
runneth
near
the
ancient
City
of
Flaviano
,
now
called
Castello
nuovo
-
The
River
Trinio
runneth
near
Vasto
aimone
-
The
River
Tamaro
passeth
near
Castello
franco
&
the
City
of
Morcone
-
The
River
Tiro
runneth
near
the
Territory
of
Baldino
in
Calauria
-
The
River
Trero
passeth
near
Ceccano
-
The
River
Tavo
runneth
near
the
City
of
Tavo
-
The
River
Tinnaria
runneth
near
Paola
-
The
River
Turbido
passeth
near
Torano
-
The
River
Triferno
,
called
also
Piferno
,
passeth
near
Termole
-
The
River
Tropoalto
runneth
near
Ariano
-
The
River
Trigno
hath
his
beginning
from
Vasto
,
and
fetching
a
compass
,
divideth
Puglia
from
Abruzzo
.
-
The
River
Tronto
,
called
by
Ptolomy
in
his
third
book
Truentinum
;
and
by
Strabo
Druentum
,
and
by
Pomponius
Mela
is
named
Truentium
;
this
River
riseth
from
the
Apennine
.
Strabo
and
Pliny
saith
that
in
old
time
was
builded
the
Castle
Truento
,
near
the
mouth
of
the
River
,
by
the
people
Tiburni
of
Dalmatia
,
and
called
it
Truentium
,
which
at
this
present
remains
not
any
mention
thereof
,
neither
can
it
be
known
whether
the
River
was
named
from
it
,
or
it
from
the
River
;
this
River
runneth
within
5
miles
of
Crapolle
V
-
THe
River
Ufente
,
called
in
old
time
Ansure
,
from
the
ancient
City
of
Ansure
,
now
called
Tarracina
-
The
River
Viciola
runneth
near
Canzano
-
The
River
Vomano
,
called
also
Homano
,
runneth
near
Calvano
-
The
River
Volturno
passeth
near
the
ancient
Volturno
,
now
it
is
called
the
River
of
Capua
,
because
it
runneth
by
the
said
City
-
The
River
Variano
passeth
near
Cusano
-
The
River
Verre
runneth
near
Bello-monte
-
The
River
Vado
runneth
near
Sinopoli
-
The
River
Verde
springeth
in
the
Hill
Maiella
,
between
the
Monastery
of
St.
Martine
,
and
the
Castle
Faran
,
of
the
Peligni
(
now
called
Abruzzo
)
the
said
River
runneth
near
the
City
of
Casale
,
and
of
Colle
Macine
.
Vpon
the
bank
of
the
said
River
was
the
body
of
Manfred
,
King
of
Naples
,
buried
by
the
commandment
of
the
Pope
,
and
upon
his
Tomb
was
ingraven
this
Epitaph
,
Hic
jaceo
Caroli
Manfredus
Marie
subactus
,
Caesaris
haerede
non
fuit
urbe
locus
,
Sum
patris
ex
odiis
ausus
confligere
Petro
Mars
dedit
hic
mortem
,
Mors
mihi
cuncta
tulit
.
Of
the
Hils
which
are
in
the
Kingdom
.
ABuceto
is
a
very
high
Hill
in
the
Isle
of
Ischia
,
called
in
old
time
Enaria
,
Inarime
,
and
Pithecusa
,
upon
the
which
Hill
springeth
a
River
of
the
same
name
.
Aburno
is
a
Hill
in
the
Province
of
Lucania
,
now
called
Basilicata
,
which
was
a
part
of
Calauria
.
This
Hill
is
called
of
the
Latines
Alburnus
,
because
it
is
all
white
.
Virgil
makes
mention
of
the
said
Hill
in
the
third
of
his
Georgicks
,
saying
,
Primus
Alburnum
Volitans
.
Atheneo
,
a
Hill
called
in
old
time
Prenusso
,
Sirreo
,
Minervio
,
and
the
Hill
Equano
,
and
now
it
is
called
the
Hill
of
Massa
,
from
the
City
of
Massa
which
stands
but
a
little
distant
from
the
City
of
Surrento
.
There
is
to
be
seen
on
the
said
Hill
towards
the
Sea
,
a
great
part
of
the
ancient
Temple
of
Minerva
.
Astruno
is
a
high
Hill
,
which
standeth
but
a
little
distant
from
Pozzuolo
,
in
the
midst
of
which
Hill
is
a
Plain
very
low
,
reduced
into
a
circle
,
two
miles
in
compass
,
where
is
a
little
Pool
with
Sulphure-water
which
issueth
out
on
every
side
,
very
comfortable
and
wholsome
for
those
that
are
diseased
and
feeble
.
Savonarola
maketh
mention
of
the
said
Baths
,
calling
them
Astrana
.
Vgolino
cals
them
Struna
balnea
.
Circello
,
named
by
the
Latines
Mons
Cerces
,
and
Circeus
,
and
of
Ptolomy
,
Girceum
promontorium
.
Circes
the
daughter
of
S●le
,
and
Perse.
This
Hill
lieth
near
to
Gaeta
,
and
was
so
called
of
Circes
,
the
daughter
of
the
Sun
,
and
the
Nymph
Perse
,
sister
of
Aethe
,
King
of
the
Colchi
,
the
great
Magitian
,
who
being
married
to
the
King
of
the
Sarmatians
,
poisoned
him
through
the
desire
she
had
to
domineer
and
bear
rule
her self
,
the
which
was
the
cause
that
she
was
chased
away
by
all
the
people
,
and
so
she
came
to
inhabit
in
this
Hill
,
which
did
abound
with
great
plenty
of
excellent
hearbs
,
and
there
made
her
residence
,
with
the
which
hearbs
the
Ancients
have
feigned
that
she
transformed
men
into
beasts
.
There
was
upon
the
said
Hill
in
old
time
a
very
beautifull
and
goodly
City
of
the
same
name
,
with
the
Temple
of
Circes
,
and
the
obscure
Cave
of
Minerva
,
where
was
shewed
in
the
time
of
Strabo
for
the
truth
thereof
,
a
Cup
wherein
Vlisses
drank
.
Into
the
said
City
Tarquin
the
proud
brought
many
inhabitants
,
because
the
fields
Pometini
very
large
and
fair
were
near
the
Sea
,
subject
to
the
said
Plain
,
as
Dionysius
of
Alicarnassus
writeth
in
his
fifth
book
,
and
Livy
in
the
first
.
Much
is
written
of
the
said
Hill
in
many
places
,
both
by
Dionysius
,
Strabo
,
Livy
,
Pliny
Pomponius
,
Mela
,
Solina
,
Procopio
,
and
also
Virgil
in
his
seventh
book
.
The
said
City
being
afterward
ruinated
,
in
place
thereof
was
made
a
very
strong
Castle
,
which
was
a
secure
passage
for
many
Roman
Bishops
.
The
Hill
Carcino
,
now
called
Capo
di
Stilo
,
and
by
Ptolomeo
named
Promontorium
Carcinum
,
is
the
longest
Promontory
in
all
Italy
▪
as
Pliny
writeth
by
opinion
of
others
.
Barbaro
in
the
corrections
of
Pliny
,
saith
that
it
ought
to
be
called
Cocintum
,
as
the
ancient
books
of
Pliny
declare
,
and
also
of
Polybius
;
Barbaro
besides
saith
,
that
the
book
of
Pliny
was
corrupted
when
he
saith
the
Castle
of
Carceno
was
near
to
Petilia
,
because
he
should
have
said
Caecinum
,
of
which
speaketh
Filisto
saying
thus
,
Caecinum
est
oppidum
non
multum
à
Sicilia
distans
.
The
Cape
of
Squillace
is
a
Hill
upon
the
which
in
old
time
was
the
City
of
Squillac●
called
by
Pliny
,
Scyllatius
,
and
by
Strabo
,
by
Solinus
,
and
by
Pomponius
,
Mela
Scyllatius
.
The
said
City
was
builded
by
the
Atenesi
,
the
companions
of
Menestro
,
which
arived
there
.
Crepacore
is
a
great
back
or
brow
of
the
Apennine
,
the
which
for
the
steepness
and
difficult
ascent
hath
been
so
called
,
yet
in
old
time
it
was
called
Grumo
,
from
the
which
flowes
the
River
Moscano
.
The
said
Hill
is
near
to
the
Cave
Menarda
.
Cecubo
is
a
Hill
which
joyneth
to
the
Gulf
of
Gaeta
,
and
near
Castellone
;
the
said
Hill
is
very
famous
for
the
excellent
Wine
it
yields
,
for
it
bringeth
forth
the
strongest
Grape
,
the
Wines
of
Cecubo
are
accounted
with
the
best
,
as
the
Fondani
and
Setini
,
whereof
Martial
saith
,
Caecuba
fundanis
generosa
coquuntur
Amydis
Vitis
,
&
in
media
nata
palude
viret
:
Casino
is
a
high
Hill
,
which
is
not
very
far
from
the
City
of
Aquino
,
and
the
Castle
Secca
,
both
being
in
Campania
felix
.
In
the
said
Hill
was
in
old
time
the
City
of
Casino
,
a
Colony
of
the
Romans
,
as
Titus
Livius
writeth
in
his
ninth
book
,
declaring
that
thither
was
brought
a
Colony
at
the
same
time
with
Minturn
.
And
also
Antonio
in
his
Commentary
speaketh
likewise
thereof
in
his
36
book
;
And
Strabo
saith
that
in
his
time
there
was
the
glorious
City
of
the
Latines
.
And
Sillo
nameth
it
thus
in
his
twelfth
book
,
Nymphisque
habitata
Casini
,
rura
evastantur
:
Here
was
the
Temple
of
Apollo
,
where
was
afterward
builded
the
Stately
Monastery
of
Casino
,
so
named
by
the
ruinated
City
.
The
said
Monastery
was
built
by
St.
Benedict
for
his
Monks
,
although
the
buildings
of
the
Monastery
at
this
present
are
not
those
which
the
Father
St.
Benedict
builded
,
Totila
King
of
the
Goths
apparelled
like
a
Page
.
for
not
long
after
his
death
all
things
were
ruinated
by
the
Longobards
,
Totila
King
of
the
Goths
moved
by
the
sanctity
of
St.
Benedict
,
went
up
into
the
said
Monastery
,
purposing
to
try
if
that
were
true
which
he
had
heard
say
of
him
,
that
is
to
say
,
that
St.
Benedict
through
a
prophetical
spirit
did
know
any
secret
or
hidden
thing
,
apparelled
himself
like
a
page
,
causing
another
to
go
before
him
cloathed
in
Kingly
attire
,
who
feigned
himself
to
be
Totila
,
but
the
Saint
knowing
of
God
the
deceit
,
requested
him
with
a
cheerfull
countenance
to
come
in
with
the
rest
of
his
followers
,
and
pointing
to
the
King
which
was
so
basely
attired
to
come
foremost
into
the
Monastery
.
But
neither
this
,
nor
any
other
signes
of
sanctity
which
St.
Benedict
shewed
to
the
Longobards
,
were
sufficient
to
bridle
the
fury
of
these
Barbarians
from
the
spoil
of
this
Monastery
,
the
which
had
been
foretold
to
the
Monks
by
the
Father
St.
Benedict
.
It
was
afterward
reedified
upon
the
first
foundations
,
and
also
enlarged
about
a
112
years
after
by
Petronio
Petronasso
Bresciano
,
through
the
perswasion
of
Pope
Gregory
the
second
,
Petronio
Petronasso
reedified
the
Monastery
of
the
Hill
Casino
.
as
Paolo
Diacono
writeth
in
his
sixth
book
of
the
Histories
of
the
Longobards
,
and
Elia
Capriolo
in
his
fifth
book
of
his
Brescian
Histories
.
The
Monks
thereof
have
more
in
revenue
every
year
then
fifty
thousand
duckets
.
In
the
said
Monastery
do
lie
the
bodies
of
many
Saints
,
and
chiefly
that
of
St.
Benedict
the
Founder
and
Head
thereof
,
and
of
St.
Scolastica
his
sister
,
whose
bodies
were
found
in
the
year
1543.
Pliny
declares
in
the
fourth
chapter
of
his
seventh
book
,
that
in
the
said
City
of
Casino
,
in
the
time
of
the
Consulship
of
Lucinius
Crassus
,
and
of
Caio
Cassio
Longo
,
a
certain
girl
was
converted
to
a
male
kind
,
A
girl
converted
to
a
male
.
which
by
advice
of
the
South-sayers
was
carried
away
into
a
desert
Island
.
Caulo
,
called
in
old
time
Caulon
,
is
a
high
Hill
in
Calauria
,
upon
the
which
is
situated
the
City
of
Caulonia
,
near
Locri
,
the
said
Hill
is
very
full
of
Vines
,
whereupon
the
Ancients
consecrated
it
unto
Bacchus
.
Virgil
speaketh
of
this
Hill
in
the
third
of
the
Eneidos
saying
,
Caulonisque
arces
,
&
naufragum
Scyllaceum
.
Pliny
in
the
third
Book
and
tenth
Chapter
also
discourseth
of
the
said
City
,
Strabo
in
his
sixth
Book
,
Pomponius
Mela
in
his
second
,
and
Stephano
of
the
City
cals
it
Caulonia
.
Christs
Hill
is
a
high
Hill
,
which
is
near
the
City
of
Pozzuolo
,
in
the
very
same
place
which
was
called
the
Bath
of
Trepergole
.
It
is
said
that
in
the
time
that
our
Saviour
Jesus
Christ
arose
from
death
to
life
,
and
descended
into
Hell
,
at
his
resurrection
he
took
the
said
great
Hill
and
stopt
the
hole
or
mouth
of
Hell
which
he
made
coming
from
thence
,
and
for
this
cause
(
they
say
)
it
was
called
Christs
Hill
;
whereupon
the
Poet
Eustasius
thus
saith
,
Est
locus
Australis
,
quo
portam
Christus
Averni
Fregit
,
&
eduxit
mortuus
inde
suos
Haec
domus
est
triplex
,
hinc
jure
Tripergula
dicta
.
Vna
capit
vestes
,
altera
servat
aquam
,
Vtilis
unda
satis
multum
sudantibus
aufert
Defectum
mentis
,
cum
gravitate
pedum
.
Haec
stomachi
varias
facit
absentare
querelas
,
Flebile
de
toto
corpore
tollit
onus
.
Debilis
,
atque
piger
,
quibus
est
non
multa
facultas
,
Consulimus
tali
ut
saepe
fruatur
aqua
.
Hujus
amator
aquae
symptomata
nulla
timebit
,
Incolumi
semper
corpore
laetus
erit
.
But
I
believe
with
the
holy
Catholick
and
Apostolick
Church
,
The
belief
of
the
Au●h●r
.
that
our
Saviour
Jesus
Christ
the
son
of
the
omnipotent
God
,
descended
into
Hell
,
as
all
the
Prophets
and
holy
Apostles
have
said
;
and
I
also
believe
that
he
arose
the
third
day
from
death
,
as
the
Scriptures
verify
unto
us
;
but
that
he
should
rise
from
this
place
,
or
any
other
,
I
am
not
so
foolish
to
affirm
it
,
or
say
that
which
I
know
not
:
For
which
thing
I
think
better
(
as
St.
Augustin
saith
in
the
8
upon
Gen
)
to
doubt
,
de
occultis
quam
litigare
de
incertis
.
The
Hill
Cibele
,
now
called
Monte
Virgine
.
Cibele
is
a
Hill
near
the
City
of
Mercogijacono
,
on
the
top
whereof
was
in
old
time
a
stately
Temple
dedicated
to
the
honour
of
Cibele
,
Mother
of
the
Gods
.
Antonio
Pio
in
his
Commentary
maketh
mention
of
this
Hill
,
describing
the
way
from
Benevento
to
the
Pillars
;
he
placeth
first
Mercuriale
,
and
afterward
Cibele
▪
Mother
of
the
Gods
.
The
said
Temple
was
afterward
dedicated
by
St.
William
unto
the
Virgin
Mary
;
the
which
hill
after
the
consecration
above-said
,
the
name
of
Cibele
was
changed
into
the
name
of
Virgine
,
as
it
is
called
at
this
present
,
and
the
Congregation
of
the
Fathers
which
are
there
is
called
de
monte
Virgine
.
This
high
Hill
is
separated
from
the
Apennine
,
and
also
from
the
other
Hils
,
except
they
touch
a
little
at
the
bottom
.
In
the
great
Altar
of
the
said
Church
are
preserved
the
bodies
of
the
three
children
which
by
the
commandment
of
Nechadonozor
King
of
Babylon
were
put
into
the
burning
Oven
,
The
bodies
of
Sidrack
Mesheck
,
and
Abedneg●
preserved
in
Monte
Virgine
.
because
they
would
not
adore
the
golden
Image
.
In
the
said
Church
is
a
Reliquary
of
so
much
beauty
and
ornament
for
the
gilding
of
the
place
,
and
for
the
many
Reliques
put
in
fair
Vessels
of
silver
and
gold
,
that
it
would
be
very
difficult
to
find
a
better
,
and
perhaps
not
the
like
in
all
Christendom
,
as
all
strangers
say
which
come
thither
from
far
Countries
.
In
the
said
hill
,
whether
by
the
will
of
God
,
The
admirable
〈◊〉
in
Monte
Virgine
.
whom
it
pleaseth
many
times
to
work
marvailous
effects
in
sundry
particular
places
,
or
by
any
other
accident
,
neither
within
the
Monastery
,
nor
the
distance
of
500
paces
round
about
,
can
be
eaten
or
carried
any
flesh
,
or
eggs
,
or
milk
,
or
any
white-meat
whatsoever
,
but
presently
it
corrupts
and
becomes
full
of
worms
,
although
it
be
powdered
,
boiled
,
baked
,
rosted
,
Flesh
and
milk
carried
into
Monte
Virgine
,
become●
full
of
worms
.
or
howsoever
,
the
which
thing
is
so
manifestly
known
to
all
men
,
that
of
all
those
which
come
thither
at
all
times
of
the
year
,
none
dare
carry
any
thing
,
and
if
any
w●ll
carry
,
it
will
not
be
without
that
aforesaid
signe
.
Epopon
was
a
Hill
in
the
Isle
of
Ischia
,
from
whence
fire
ascended
with
great
fury
,
but
is
now
become
plain
.
Falerno
is
a
Hill
near
to
Pozzuolo
,
the
which
was
so
named
of
a
man
,
as
Servio
writeth
,
The
Wine
took
its
name
of
Falerno
,
which
is
very
excellent
that
is
had
from
this
Hill
,
whereof
Sillio
speaketh
in
his
seventh
book
:
Gravidae
cui
nectare
vites
,
Nulli
dant
praelis
nomen
praeferre
Falernis
.
And
Pliny
in
the
sixth
Chapter
of
his
fourteenth
Book
doth
largely
discourse
of
the
said
Wine
.
Whereupon
Varro
in
praising
Italy
,
thus
saith
,
Quid
in
Italia
utensile
non
modo
non
nascitur
,
sed
etiam
non
egregium
non
fit
?
Quod
far
comparandum
Campano
?
Quod
triticum
Apulo
?
Quod
vino
Farlerno
?
Quod
oleum
Venafrano
?
Many
Writers
make
mention
of
the
Wine
Falerno
,
among
whom
Tibullo
thus
saith
,
Nunc
mihi
fumosos
veteris
proferte
Falernos
.
And
the
same
saith
,
Non
tibi
si
pretium
Campana
terra
daretur
:
Non
tibi
si
Bacchi
cura
Falernus
ager
.
Martial
also
speaketh
of
it
saying
,
Resinata
bibis
vina
Falerna
.
The
said
place
is
now
called
the
Fort
of
Mondragone
,
and
the
Territory
thereof
passeth
along
even
to
Volturno
.
In
the
Plain
of
the
said
Hill
is
Campo
Stellato
,
now
called
the
Territory
of
Carinola
,
and
also
by
the
common
people
it
is
called
Mazzone
.
Of
what
excellency
this
field
Stellato
was
,
may
easily
be
understood
by
the
words
of
Cicero
written
in
his
Orations
against
the
Laws
de
Campi
,
forasmuch
as
in
it
he
was
forced
to
perswade
that
the
field
Stellato
by
no
means
ought
to
be
sold
by
the
Magistracy
of
ten
men
,
when
he
saith
,
At
enim
ager
Campanus
,
hac
lege
amittitur
,
orbis
terre
pulcherrimos
.
Whereupon
Cicero
declares
that
it
was
the
proper
ground
of
the
people
of
Rome
.
Suetonius
writeth
that
Cesar
divided
the
field
Stellato
between
2009
Citizens
of
Rome
,
to
get
the
good
will
of
the
people
.
Guaro
,
or
Gualdo
,
called
by
the
Latines
,
mons
Guarus
,
&
Gauros
,
but
now
commonly
called
the
Hill
Barbaro
,
the
said
Hill
is
not
very
far
from
the
Lake
Averno
,
the
foot
whereof
stretcheth
even
to
Cuma
,
and
to
Baia.
This
Hill
bringeth
forth
very
fruitfull
Vines
,
the
which
three
times
in
a
year
yield
excellent
Grapes
,
and
very
precious
and
pure
Wine
,
The
fertility
of
the
Hill
Gauro
.
for
which
cause
the
Poets
feigned
that
here
was
the
habitation
of
the
Nymphs
.
Ausonius
makes
mention
,
Idyl
.
8.
Pli.
14.
cap.
6.
and
3
book
,
cap.
5.
Lucan
lib.
2.
Floro
.
in
lib.
1.
cap.
16.
Giovenal
,
in
the
8
and
9
Sat.
Galen
12.
Methodi
,
de
cib
bonis
,
&
malis
suc.
cap.
13.
&
1.
de
Antidot
.
Gioviano
Pontano
in
the
2
Partheniae
,
Cicero
against
Rullo
.
Statio
lib.
3.
Gargano
is
a
famous
Hill
,
and
standeth
in
the
Plain
Puglia
,
now
called
the
Province
of
Capitanata
.
There
are
in
the
said
Hill
some
pleasant
Woods
,
and
although
for
the
most
part
it
be
without
Trees
,
nevertheless
there
are
gathered
many
kinds
of
medicinable
herbs
for
divers
infirmities
▪
This
high
and
famous
hil
proceeeth
from
the
Apennine
,
and
the
circuit
round
about
even
to
the
lowest
dissent
,
contains
●00
miles
,
and
on
the
top
of
the
Hill
is
the
renowned
and
noble
City
of
St:
Angelo
,
from
the
which
all
the
Hill
is
now
so
called
,
and
there
is
a
very
fair
and
goodly
Church
in
the
honour
of
St.
Michael
the
Archangel
,
whether
infinite
people
resorts
from
sundry
places
of
Christendom
,
with
great
superstition
and
frequency
at
all
times
.
Many
ancient
Writers
make
mention
of
this
Hill
Gargano
,
among
whom
is
Strabo
,
Pliny
,
Pomponius
Mela
,
and
Virgil
in
his
11
book
,
saying
,
Victor
Gargani
condebat
Iapygis
.
And
Lucan
in
the
5.
Apulus
Adriacas
exit
Garganus
in
undas
.
And
Horace
in
the
second
of
his
verses
saith
,
Querceta
Gargani
laborent
.
Hermete
is
a
pleasant
Hill
which
approacheth
even
to
the
City
of
Naples
,
and
is
commonly
called
the
Hill
of
S.
Hermo
,
because
in
the
top
thereof
there
is
a
Castle
of
the
same
name
,
made
by
King
Charls
the
second
of
Angio.
That
excellent
Poet
Pontano
saith
in
his
Lepidinia
,
that
the
said
Hill
was
so
called
by
the
fair
Nymph
Hermete
which
dwelt
in
the
eminent
and
highest
part
of
this
Hill
.
Galen
and
Martial
call
it
Trifolius
mons
of
the
three-leafed
grass
,
which
grows
there
every
where
.
Hidro
is
a
high
Hill
which
is
in
the
Province
of
the
Country
of
Otranto
,
the
which
hill
is
called
by
the
Latinists
Hydruntum
,
and
by
Pliny
and
Strabo
,
Hydrus
,
and
Hydruntis
.
The
Hill
Miseno
,
or
the
Promontary
of
Campagna
felix
,
stands
but
a
little
distant
from
Cuma
,
it
is
named
Misenus
by
Strabo
,
Dionisius
of
Alicarn
.
Pliny
▪
Antonino
,
Virg.
Tacitus
in
his
5
,
14
,
and
15
book
,
and
by
Ptolomy
it
is
called
Promontorium
Misenum
.
Likewise
Sillio
makes
mention
in
his
8.
It
was
so
named
according
to
Dionisius
in
his
first
book
by
Miseno
,
a
worthy
man
,
and
a
follower
of
Aeneas
which
died
there
,
the
which
Virgil
affirms
in
his
6
book
of
Eneidos
,
Why
it
was
called
the
Hill
Miseno
.
when
he
reciteth
that
Miseno
being
dead
,
Eneas
wholly
discomforted
,
demanded
of
Achate
,
what
they
should
do
,
and
where
they
should
bury
him
.
And
at
the
last
was
here
buried
,
The
hill
Miseno
,
called
in
former
time
Aereo
.
and
of
him
was
called
Miseno
,
for
before
the
coming
of
Eneas
the
said
Hill
was
called
Aereo
.
For
Virgil
saith
in
the
sixth
of
the
Eneid
.
Praeterea
jacet
exanimum
tibi
corpus
amici
.
And
somewhat
lower
,
Quem
socium
exanimum
vates
,
quod
corpus
humandum
Diceret
▪
atque
illi
Misenum
in
lictore
sicco
Vt
venere
vident
indigna
morte
peremptum
:
Misenum
Aeolidem
,
quo
non
prestantior
alter
Aere
ciere
vos
,
Martemque
accendere
cantu
,
Hectoris
hic
magni
fuerat
comes
.
And
a
little
farther
,
Nec
minus
intereà
Misenum
in
lictore
Teucri
Flebant
:
&
cineri
ingrato
suprema
ferebant
.
In
describing
the
manner
of
his
grave
after
a
few
Verses
saith
,
At
pius
Aeneas
ingenti
mole
sepulchrum
Imposuit
,
suaque
arma
viro
,
remumque
tubamque
Monte
sub
Aerio
,
qui
nunc
Misenus
ab
illo
Dicitur
,
aeternumque
tenet
per
secula
nomen
.
Pomponius
Mela
,
and
Solinus
say
,
that
this
Miseno
(
from
whom
the
said
Hill
taketh
its
name
)
was
the
Trumpeter
of
Eneas
.
And
Servio
upon
the
third
and
sixth
of
the
Eneid
.
saith
that
Eneas
being
desirous
to
raise
the
souls
of
the
dead
which
remained
in
Hell
,
out
of
the
Lake
Averno
,
but
being
unable
to
do
it
,
unless
he
first
kil'd
some
man
,
Aeneas
kild
his
Trumpeter
Miseno
,
and
sacrificed
him
to
the
Gods
of
Hell
.
The
Tower
of
Faro
.
and
after
sacrificed
him
to
the
Gods
of
Hell
;
to
this
effect
he
killed
his
beloved
Trumpeter
Miseno
,
and
after
the
sacrifice
ended
he
obtained
his
desire
.
Upon
the
said
Hill
was
in
old
time
a
Tower
called
Faro
,
on
the
which
both
day
and
night
did
burn
a
continual
light
,
as
a
signe
for
Marriners
to
sail
with
the
more
security
.
The
said
Hill
is
streightned
in
the
manner
of
a
Promontory
of
three
breadths
compassed
with
the
Sea
,
and
in
the
said
Cape
where
it
begins
to
be
narrow
,
although
it
be
naturally
full
of
Caves
,
it
is
so
hollow
and
vaulty
by
means
of
the
buildings
that
are
thereon
,
raised
and
supported
with
Pillars
,
and
built
with
Marble
,
that
it
seems
as
a
Hill
down-hanging
,
and
within
there
was
(
as
is
to
be
seen
)
Baths
,
and
very
delicate
banqueting
places
,
among
the
which
there
was
one
called
the
Cave
Traconaria
,
so
named
of
Traconibus
,
for
that
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
signifieth
water-courses
,
as
Francisco
Titelmanno
noteth
in
148
Psalm
.
The
said
Cave
is
very
large
,
long
,
and
high
,
built
in
an
admirable
manner
,
and
part
of
it
is
standing
,
and
part
half
ruinated
,
and
also
some
part
wholly
gone
.
That
part
which
is
to
be
seen
lieth
in
this
sort
,
It
hath
in
the
midst
an
entrie
of
200
handsbreadth
in
length
,
and
18
in
breadth
,
having
on
both
sides
four
lodgings
vaulted
in
largeness
some
12
and
some
16
hands
breadth
,
being
between
some
of
them
the
space
of
12
hands
breadth
,
and
between
others
18.
In
these
spaces
are
4
dores
,
every
one
the
breadth
of
12
hands
,
the
one
distant
from
the
other
16
,
except
the
first
distance
,
which
is
in
the
entrance
18.
but
the
other
distances
between
the
said
dores
are
equal
.
The
Arches
are
supported
and
made
with
cross
interlacing
.
It
is
a
thing
very
certain
(
as
it
is
commonly
judged
of
all
)
that
the
said
Caves
were
made
to
preserve
water
.
On
that
side
of
the
Hill
which
lies
towards
Cuma
,
the
said
Hill
hath
a
poole
of
the
Sea
called
Mare
Mortuum
,
and
round
about
upon
the
brow
and
edg
of
the
main-land
appear
the
ruines
and
goodly
foundations
of
ancient
buildings
,
and
this
was
the
place
where
Suctonius
saith
that
Octavius
Augustus
kept
his
Army
by
Sea
near
Miseno
,
for
the
guard
and
defence
of
the
Terrene
Sea
,
of
France
,
Spain
,
Mauritania
,
and
of
Africa
,
and
of
the
Isles
which
lie
in
the
midst
thereof
,
Octavius
Augustus
kept
his
Fleet
in
Ma●●
Morto
,
for
the
defence
of
the
Tirrene
Sea
.
of
the
which
Army
Plinio
Veronese
was
Captain
at
the
time
that
the
Hill
Vesuvio
burnt
,
where
he
died
whilst
he
attempted
to
see
the
great
exhalations
of
that
Hill
,
which
cast
the
ashes
even
into
Africa
,
Siria
,
and
Egipt
,
Afterward
within
the
land
appears
Foundations
,
incredible
to
those
that
have
not
seen
them
,
where
they
now
say
is
a
wonderfull
Lake
,
for
these
being
(
as
it
seems
)
the
foundations
of
a
goodly
Palace
that
was
in
this
part
,
which
remaineth
there
standing
,
supported
with
very
high
Pillars
,
being
a
hundred
and
sixty
paces
long
,
and
in
breadth
250.
and
so
fair
that
it
seems
new
,
and
I
believe
it
was
the
Palace
of
L.
Lucullus
,
which
he
had
near
Baia
to
dwell
pleasantly
in
the
time
of
Winter
,
because
it
stands
in
a
very
warm
place
.
Whereof
Plutarch
maketh
mention
in
the
life
of
the
said
Lucullus
,
declaring
that
L.
Lucullus
having
invited
Pompey
in
the
Summer
season
to
his
house
Frascato
,
which
is
near
Rome
,
seemed
to
jest
and
flout
at
him
,
saying
he
was
not
well
advised
,
Pompey
flouteth
L.
Lucullus
.
to
build
so
goodly
and
stately
a
house
as
that
was
,
being
full
of
so
many
open
Galleries
,
and
broad
Windows
,
and
exposed
both
to
the
winds
and
cold
;
that
though
in
Summer
he
might
well
inhabit
,
yet
in
Winter
time
it
was
utterly
to
be
abandoned
.
To
which
he
saith
,
that
Lucullus
also
scoffingly
,
answered
him
,
The
answer
of
Lucullus
.
that
Pompey
was
deceived
in
him
,
because
he
had
better
played
the
wise
Crane
,
then
he
had
done
,
for
that
house
he
only
built
for
the
Summer-season
,
having
another
as
fair
at
Baia
for
the
Winter
,
where
was
a
continual
Spring
.
The
Tombs
and
Reliques
of
this
Palace
,
and
other
ancient
Monuments
,
which
are
half
standing
and
half
ruinated
,
which
are
to
be
seen
in
these
places
,
are
such
,
that
it
seems
as
if
there
had
been
an
absolute
City
,
rather
then
a
House
.
Of
the
said
Hill
Miseno
,
Strabo
makes
mention
in
his
fifth
book
,
Cicero
in
the
second
of
his
Filippice
,
Antonio
in
his
Commentarie
,
Ptolomy
in
his
third
book
,
The
Authors
which
make
mention
of
the
Hil
Miseno
.
Suetonius
in
the
2
cap.
49.
Plin
in
the
3.
cap.
16.
Tacitus
in
the
19
book
,
Sill.
in
the
8.
Proper
.
in
the
3.
and
in
the
18.
Statio
in
the
3
Sat.
1.
and
of
modern
Writers
Iohn
Pontano
in
his
6
book
of
the
Warrs
of
Naples
.
Massico
is
a
famous
Hill
which
stands
in
Campania
felix
,
The
Hil
Massico
.
and
is
now
called
the
Fo●●
of
Mandragone
,
of
a
certain
City
that
is
there
,
which
hath
the
title
of
a
Duke
.
This
excellent
Hill
is
very
famous
,
as
well
in
old
time
as
in
these
our
daies
,
for
the
singular
and
delicate
Wine
which
it
yields
,
being
of
a
golden
and
amber
colour
,
of
a
sweet
and
odoriferous
savor
,
and
of
a
most
delicious
and
pleasing
taste
;
these
Vines
grow
in
the
top
of
the
Hill
The
Territory
thereof
in
old
time
extended
even
to
the
Walls
of
Sinuessa
,
a
Colony
of
the
Romans
,
and
with
the
back
and
ridg
thereof
the
said
Hil
stretcheth
to
Cali
,
now
named
Calvi
,
even
to
the
left
side
of
the
Territory
of
Venafro
,
so
that
it
confined
on
the
one
side
with
the
Territory
of
Falerno
,
now
called
Gaudo
,
which
in
like
manner
brought
forth
these
precious
and
excellent
Wines
of
the
colour
of
gold
,
which
were
so
pleasing
to
the
Roman
Empero●s
,
and
of
whom
Iulius
Cesar
,
The
wine
F●lerni
in
great
estimation
with
the
Romans
.
as
Pliny
in
the
15
cap.
of
the
14
lib.
writeth
,
honoured
therewith
his
Feasts
,
and
most
renowned
Banquets
which
he
made
in
Rome
.
Of
this
Hill
Massico
,
Virgil
maketh
mention
in
many
places
,
and
chiefly
in
the
second
book
of
his
Georgicks
,
saying
,
Sed
gravidi
fruges
,
&
Bacchi
Massicus
humor
.
And
in
the
7
of
Eneid
.
The
Author●
which
make
mention
of
the
hil
Massico
.
Verunt
soelicia
Baccho
Massica
.
Sillio
Itallico
in
his
7
book
,
Massicus
uviferis
addebat
nomina
globis
And
the
same
saith
in
another
place
,
Massica
sulcabit
mulcere
Falernus
in
aevo
.
And
Horace
in
his
first
book
of
Verses
,
Est
qui
nec
veteris
pocula
Massici
.
Of
the
Wine
Falerno
,
Galen
makes
mention
in
his
second
lib.
de
ar.
cur
.
de
san
:
tuen
.
cap.
6
,
The
Authors
which
make
mention
of
the
Wine
of
Falerno
.
and
in
cap.
5.
and
in
many
other
places
;
and
if
any
man
desires
to
know
more
,
he
may
read
Persius
in
the
third
Satyr
,
Giovinal
in
the
Sat.
8.
Sillius
in
the
7
lib.
Tibullus
in
the
second
;
Horace
in
the
second
book
of
Verses
,
Ovid
in
the
fourth
de
Ponto
,
Titus
Livius
in
the
first
,
Plin.
the
14
book
cap
,
3.
Macrobio
the
third
de
Saturnali
,
L.
Floro
in
the
first
book
,
and
of
modern
Writers
,
Iacobo
Perfetto
,
and
Iohn
Baptista
in
the
book
of
the
nature
of
Wines
.
Minervio
is
a
Hill
,
or
rather
a
Promontory
which
standeth
directly
against
the
Isle
of
Capre
,
Minervio
.
where
upon
an
arm
of
the
Hill
are
situate
these
Cities
,
Surrento
,
Massa
,
and
Vico.
The
said
Hill
by
Pliny
and
Pomponius
Nola
,
is
called
Promontorium
Minervae
,
and
by
Strabo
it
is
named
Sirreum
Atheneum
&
prenussum
.
Now
it
is
called
the
Cape
of
Campanella
,
because
there
stands
a
Tower
as
a
guard
which
with
the
sound
of
a
Bell
makes
a
signe
of
the
discovery
of
such
Ships
and
Gallies
as
sails
upon
the
Coast.
Maiella
.
Maiella
is
a
very
high
Hill
which
is
separated
from
the
Apennine
,
and
standeth
in
the
Province
of
the
Peligni
,
and
Sanniti
,
now
called
Abruzzo
,
the
said
Hill
is
discovered
very
far
through
the
great
height
thereof
,
whose
top
is
almost
continually
covered
with
snow
;
it
is
very
rough
and
craggie
▪
and
the
passage
very
difficult
to
the
top
on
every
side
,
near
to
the
which
are
many
Cities
and
Towns
,
many
Rivers
flow
from
it
,
and
there
are
many
Woods
full
of
wild
beasts
,
and
chiefly
Bears
and
Wolves
.
St.
Peter
of
Morovo
the
Hermit
,
inhabited
in
this
high
Hill
,
being
afterward
called
Pope
Celestine
the
fifth
,
from
whom
the
Religion
of
the
Celestini
had
their
original
.
Olibano
,
now
called
the
Hill
Libano
.
The
said
Hill
stands
but
a
little
distant
from
Pozzuolo
,
Olibano
.
and
is
full
of
very
hard
flint-stones
,
and
therefore
very
barren
and
without
Trees
,
it
was
called
Olibano
,
because
in
Greek
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
is
as
much
as
to
say
,
all
,
and
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
barren
.
Suetonius
saith
in
his
fourth
book
,
c.
37
:
that
the
Roman
Emperor
Ca.
Caligula
caused
the
said
Hill
to
be
cut
and
digged
,
and
commanded
that
all
the
Streets
in
Italy
should
be
paved
with
the
flints
thereof
.
The
Emperor
C.
Caligula
caused
the
hill
Olibano
to
be
cut
.
Antonino
Panormita
makes
mention
of
the
said
Hill
in
his
fifth
Epistle
,
directed
to
Nicolo
Piscicello
Archbishop
of
Salerno
.
At
the
foot
of
the
said
Hill
,
on
that
side
which
lies
towards
the
Isles
of
Nisita
,
are
two
Baths
,
the
one
called
the
little
Bath
,
and
the
other
the
stony
Bath
;
it
was
called
the
little
Bath
,
for
the
little
Fountain
thereof
,
nevertheless
it
is
of
so
great
vertue
and
efficacy
,
that
the
weak
and
diseased
think
that
here
is
not
only
water
▪
but
even
God
himself
,
because
it
comforteth
the
head
,
the
stomack
,
and
all
the
other
parts
of
the
body
,
it
cleareth
the
cloudie
thickness
of
the
eies
,
and
restoreth
a
weak
sight
,
it
drives
away
the
Quartane
,
continual
and
quotidian
Feaver
,
and
to
conclude
,
it
cureth
any
grief
,
caused
by
what
disease
soever
.
The
Neopolitans
were
wont
to
make
use
of
this
water
before
any
other
.
Whereupon
the
worthy
Poet
Eustasius
of
Matera
speaking
of
this
Bath
saith
,
Inter
aquas
Pelagi
proprè
littus
sub
pede
rupis
,
Magnus
in
effectu
fons
breve
nomen
habet
.
Balneolum
dictum
tantae
virtutis
amicum
,
Vt
patiens
illic
sentiat
esse
Deum
.
Nam
morbo
quocunque
dolet
,
seu
rheumate
quovis
,
Lotus
aqua
tali
tempore
liber
abit
,
Et
caput
,
&
stomachum
,
renes
,
&
caetera
membrae
Comfortat
,
tepidam
si
renovabis
aquam
.
Haec
prodest
oculis
,
oculorum
nube
fugata
,
Consumptos
reficit
,
quos
tenet
aegra
fames
.
Materiamque
rudem
consumit
,
&
amphimerinen
.
Plus
aliis
hoc
gens
Parthenopaea
sovet
.
Of
this
Bath
Savanarola
,
Vgolino
,
and
Franciotto
makes
mention
,
calling
it
Balneum
foris
crypte
;
Mengo
saith
that
the
Mine
thereof
is
Alume
,
Copper
,
and
Iron
.
Under
the
Rock
of
the
said
Hill
Olibano
(
as
we
have
before
said
)
is
the
stony
Bath
,
and
is
so
called
because
the
said
Fountain
springeth
from
a
Rock
;
The
bath
of
the
rock
,
and
the
vertue
thereof
.
this
Bath
breaketh
the
stone
in
the
bladder
,
provoketh
urine
,
purgeth
the
sand
,
and
expelleth
gravel
,
it
healeth
the
pain
of
the
head
,
cleareth
the
sight
,
maketh
the
deaf
to
hear
,
and
driveth
the
sound
and
noise
from
the
ears
,
it
greatly
comforts
the
heart
and
the
stomack
.
The
water
of
the
said
Bath
drank
luke-warm
,
purgeth
the
intrails
and
inward
parts
.
Of
this
stony
Bath
thus
writeth
Eustasius
,
Cui
Petra
dat
nomen
,
mirum
reor
esse
Lavacrum
,
Quod
lapidem
possit
frangere
,
nomen
habet
.
Infestos
capiti
solet
hoc
arcere
dolores
.
Auribus
auditum
praestat
,
&
addit
opem
.
Lumina
tergit
,
nebulis
maculosa
fugatis
,
Pectoris
,
&
cordis
esse
medela
potest
.
Vesicas
aperit
renes
expurgat
arena
,
Interiora
lavat
potus
,
&
hujus
aquae
.
Quam
pluries
vidi
calidam
potare
petrosos
,
Queis
Vrina
fuit
post
lapidosa
satis
.
Vos
igitur
,
quibus
est
durus
cum
pondere
mictus
,
Assiduus
talis
liberat
usus
aquae
.
From
that
part
of
the
Hill
which
lyeth
towards
Pozzuolo
,
at
the
foot
thereof
is
another
Bath
called
Ortodonico
,
The
bath
Ortodonico
,
why
it
was
so
called
.
and
is
so
named
because
it
springeth
in
the
Bishops
Garden
,
the
passage
into
it
is
to
be
descended
by
certain
stairs
,
and
the
dore
thereof
standeth
towards
the
South
,
and
therefore
it
is
very
dangerous
for
a
man
to
enter
into
it
,
because
the
South
wind
blowing
,
the
heat
of
the
exhalations
inclosed
,
seeking
to
get
out
,
easily
stisleth
whosoever
is
within
it
;
but
the
water
being
carried
out
,
it
reviveth
and
comforteth
the
bodies
which
are
made
faint
and
feeble
through
feavers
,
helpeth
the
stomack
,
and
taketh
away
the
nauseousues
and
desire
to
vomit
,
and
cureth
the
feaver
.
Alcadino
writeth
of
this
Bath
in
this
sort
,
Haec
manet
absconso
telluris
lympha
meatu
,
Hanc
via
sub
terris
plena
timoris
habet
.
Tu
cave
ne
subeas
thermas
spirantibus
Austris
,
Ne
calor
inclusus
sit
tibi
causa
necis
.
Haec
aqua
mira
nimis
consumptis
est
bona
valde
,
Restaurat
corpus
nobilis
usus
aquae
.
Infirmos
sicubi
febris
tenuaverit
artus
,
Et
putat
extremam
tristis
ad
esse
diem
.
Has
fidens
intrabit
aquas
,
&
sepe
frequentans
,
Sentiet
in
robur
se
rediisse
vetus
Phthisis
,
ephermerine
febres
&
nausea
turpis
.
Pellitur
his
thermis
,
hectica
victa
fugit
.
Palinuro
is
a
Promontory
so
named
in
the
Province
of
the
Principality
on
this
side
,
and
of
the
Ancients
was
called
the
Promontory
of
Palinuro
,
Palinuro
.
from
which
a
little
distant
was
in
old
time
the
ancient
City
of
Hielia
,
The
City
Hielia
.
which
was
afterward
called
Velia
,
and
(
as
Strabo
saith
)
was
endued
with
excellent
Laws
and
Statutes
,
and
invironed
with
a
strong
Wall
,
and
valiant
people
,
and
contended
a
long
time
with
the
Lucani
,
and
Possidoniati
.
Of
the
which
City
the
ruines
are
to
be
seen
,
and
was
distant
from
Possidonia
,
(
as
Strabo
saith
)
200
furlongs
;
Writers
affirm
,
and
especially
Pomponius
Mela
,
and
Servio
upon
this
Verse
of
Virgil.
in
6.
Nigens
crudelis
,
&c.
Why
it
was
called
Palinuro
.
That
the
said
Province
of
Palinuro
was
so
named
of
Palinuro
of
Phrigia
,
a
Stiler
of
Eneas
ship
,
which
was
there
buried
of
which
mention
is
made
in
many
places
,
and
among
others
in
the
seventh
book
,
where
he
doth
describe
very
particularly
his
death
,
and
his
grave
,
much
commending
him
.
The
Promontory
Poss●untio
of
the
Province
of
Principato
on
this
side
,
is
now
called
the
Cape
of
Pisciotta
;
Strabo
calleth
the
Country
,
the
River
,
and
the
Haven
Possiuntum
.
Pausilipo
is
a
very
pleasant
and
fruitfull
Hill
of
Campania
felix
,
wholly
manured
and
adorned
with
goodly
Towns
and
Villages
,
Pausilipo
.
and
is
but
a
mile
distant
from
Naples
,
and
stretcheth
towards
the
South
even
to
the
Sea
,
making
many
dales
,
which
is
the
cause
that
all
the
discents
and
banks
are
very
pleasant
and
delightfull
through
the
many
Va●lies
.
There
are
also
many
Gardens
full
of
fruitfull
Trees
,
and
especially
Oringes
,
Citrons
,
Limons
,
and
other
fruit
.
Pliny
saith
in
his
9.
book
,
and
cap.
53.
that
in
this
pleasant
Hill
Cesar
had
a
very
beautifull
house
with
Fish
pools
,
wherein
was
cast
a
Fish
by
Pollione
Vedio
▪
which
lived
60
years
;
Pollione
was
Lord
of
the
said
place
,
and
dying
,
bequeathed
it
(
as
Dion
saith
)
to
Augustus
.
This
house
was
near
to
the
highest
part
of
the
said
Hill
,
in
the
place
which
is
now
called
the
fatal
Cave
,
where
at
this
present
are
to
be
seen
the
Baths
which
Cesar
had
there
,
whereupon
by
this
it
may
be
judged
how
pleasant
this
excellent
Hill
hath
been
,
and
especially
for
the
banishing
of
sadness
and
melancholy
from
frail
and
feeble
minds
;
for
which
cause
it
hath
that
Greek
name
,
for
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
signifieth
in
Latine
queis
,
and
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
is
as
much
as
to
say
sadness
.
Near
the
side
of
this
pleasant
and
delightfull
Hill
,
are
to
be
seen
round
about
infinite
buildings
of
Antick
stately
workmanship
,
which
time
hath
utterly
defaced
;
and
on
the
side
towards
Naples
,
is
the
fair
Village
of
the
Prince
of
Stigliano
,
called
Serena
,
and
towards
Chiaia
at
the
foot
of
the
Hill
is
the
pleasant
place
of
Morgilino
,
so
named
by
the
swimming
of
the
fishes
,
where
the
learned
Iacobo
Sannazaro
the
darling
of
the
Muses
composed
his
divine
Eg●ogues
,
and
reedified
a
Church
to
St.
Mary
of
the
birth
,
in
whose
honour
he
composed
Latine
Verses
,
a
most
excellent
and
rare
work
of
the
deliverance
of
the
said
Virgin
,
in
which
Church
in
a
goodly
Tomb
of
Marble
,
with
his
picture
carved
thereon
is
he
buried
,
on
the
which
Sepulchre
the
Cardinal
Pietro
Bembo
caused
this
Epitaph
to
be
ingraven
,
D.
O.
M.
Da
sacro
cineri
flores
,
hic
ille
Maroni
Syncerus
Musa
,
proximus
,
ut
tumulo
:
At
the
foot
of
the
Hill
on
the
side
towards
the
Sea
,
is
the
delightfull
place
of
St.
Mary
of
Piedigrotta
,
and
on
this
side
lieth
the
Cave
of
Cocceio
,
which
some
attribute
to
Basso
,
and
some
to
Lucullus
,
made
after
the
manner
of
that
of
Cuma
,
the
which
is
wholly
cut
artificially
out
of
the
Rock
.
Upon
the
hill
in
the
right
side
towards
the
entrance
of
the
Cave
,
in
the
way
towards
Naples
,
is
Virgils
Sepulchre
,
the
which
neither
Biondo
nor
Razzano
could
find
.
But
being
found
in
these
daies
,
I
went
to
see
it
with
that
excellent
Lawyer
Fabio
di
Giordano
,
a
worthy
Poet
,
and
a
great
Herbalist
,
and
a
searcher
of
Antiquities
,
and
with
us
also
went
the
Lord
Geronomo
Colonna
,
and
Paolo
Portarello
,
persons
of
great
judgment
and
wisdom
:
Being
come
to
the
place
,
we
found
upon
the
said
Cave
a
Chappel
smoothly
vaulted
round
about
with
Marble
,
and
within
were
places
for
Images
to
stand
,
in
the
midst
was
a
Tomb
of
Marble
with
four
little
Pillars
likewise
of
white
Marble
,
the
which
supported
a
Coffin
whereon
were
ingraven
these
Verses
,
Virgils
Sepulchre
.
MANTVA
me
genuit
,
CALABRI
rapuere
,
tenet
nunc
PARTHENOPE
,
cecini
paseua
,
rura
,
Duces
.
Opposite
thereto
without
the
Chappel
,
was
an
Epitaph
of
white
Marble
,
with
these
modern
Verses
ingraven
,
Qui
cineres
tumulo
haec
vestigia
?
conditur
olim
Ille
hoc
qui
cecinit
pascua
,
rura
,
Duces
.
After
we
had
well
considered
the
place
,
and
among
other
things
worthy
to
be
noted
,
which
we
beheld
looking
up
to
the
top
of
the
said
Chappel
,
was
a
great
Bay-Tree
naturally
growing
,
A
Bay-tree
that
grew
naturally
over
the
Sepulchre
of
Virgil.
for
the
roots
thereof
took
hold
through
the
chinks
and
crevises
of
the
Wall
.
Whereupon
I
presently
thought
that
this
was
the
very
true
Sepulchre
of
Virgil
,
and
that
nature
had
caused
that
Bay-Tree
to
grow
as
a
signe
to
discover
unto
us
that
here
lay
the
ashes
of
that
great
Poet
▪
So
Seignieur
Colonna
said
▪
my
masters
,
this
requi●●th
matter
for
us
to
do
something
worthy
memory
,
and
he
would
not
de●ert
from
thence
till
every
one
of
us
had
made
certain
Verses
;
and
because
I
was
the
youngest
of
the
company
▪
he
said
unto
me
,
Seignieur
Scipio
▪
by
the
rule
of
the
Law
,
you
ought
to
begin
first
.
And
so
presently
we
made
those
Verses
.
Quod
sacr●
Va●is
cincres
,
tumulamque
Maronis
Sponte
sua
hic
viridis
laurus
adulta
t●gat
.
Indicat
,
&
musis
,
&
di●is
s●●iper
amicum
Virgilium
,
speret
cui
fore
nemo
parem
.
Then
said
the
worthy
Fabio
,
Busta
ubi
grandi
loqui
s●eterant
▪
tumulumque
Maronis
,
Vastaque
saculorum
pondera
saxa
ruunt
:
Delphica
formosis
increvic
frondibus
arbor
:
Atque
injussa
sacras
explicat
alta
comas
Ne
tanti
cineres
vati●
sine
honore
jacerent
,
Ossicium
praestat
laurus
amica
suum
.
Seignieur
Fabio
having
ended
,
D.
Paolo
began
to
say
,
Quod
super
hunc
tumulum
crevit
Parnasia
laurus
Sponte
sua
manesque
pios
atque
essa
Maronis
Atque
loci
genium
viri●ant●
protegat
umbra
Divini
vd●is
signat
reverenter
honores
Vt
quoniam
nemo
ante
illum
▪
nec
post
erit
unquam
Qui
sid
ruris
opes
,
tali
vel
carmine
reges
Diceret
,
illius
vigat
per
secula
nomen
Laurus
ut
haec
tumulo
foliis
frondentibus
extat
,
Observatque
memor
sacri
monumenta
poetae
.
Sarno
is
a
Hill
so
called
of
the
City
of
Sarno
,
Sarno
.
which
is
situated
at
the
foot
of
the
Hill
,
where
also
a
River
taketh
its
name
which
runneth
hard
by
,
near
to
the
mouth
whereof
was
Pompey
,
and
not
far
from
the
Hill
Vosco●o
,
as
Pliny
saith
,
they
were
named
the
Pompeians
(
as
Solino
affirmeth
by
Hercoles
)
which
brought
thither
his
oxen
with
great
pomp
from
Spain
.
The
Pompeians
had
a
long
Country
full
of
goodly
Villages
.
The
said
Country
began
at
the
point
where
is
now
the
Tower
of
the
Annuntiation
,
and
stretcheth
even
to
Castello
à
mare
,
The
Country
of
Pompeians
one
of
the
beautifullest
parts
of
Campagna
spoiled
by
fire
of
the
Hill
Vesuvio
.
See
Corn
Tacitus
in
15
book
of
Histories
.
beyond
the
River
Sarno
.
In
old
time
(
as
Strabo
declares
)
in
these
places
did
first
inhabit
the
Osci
,
and
after
the
Toscani
,
the
Peligni
,
and
also
the
Sanniti
,
the
which
were
driven
out
by
the
Romans
.
This
pleasant
Country
yieldeth
excellent
Wines
.
Pliny
writeth
in
the
6.
cap.
of
the
14
book
,
that
the
said
Wines
grew
still
to
their
greatest
perfection
and
goodness
even
till
ten
years
,
age
not
any
thing
impairing
them
.
This
fair
and
pleasant
Country
of
the
Pompeians
,
was
for
the
most
part
destroyed
by
an
Earthquake
in
the
time
of
Nero
,
which
was
one
of
the
best
parts
of
the
Province
of
Campania
felix
.
Taburo
is
a
high
Hill
near
Capoa
;
in
old
time
it
was
called
Mons
Taburnus
,
as
Virgil
declareth
in
the
2
of
the
Georgicks
,
Neu
segnes
jaceant
terrae
,
juvat
Ismara
Bacco
Conserere
,
atque
olea
magnum
vestire
Taburnum
.
And
elsewhere
of
the
said
Hill
,
and
particularly
in
the
twelfth
book
is
made
mention
,
saying
,
At
velut
ingenti
Sylvae
summoque
Taburno
.
Trifolino
is
a
Hill
which
joyneth
even
with
the
City
of
Naples
,
and
called
by
the
common
people
,
the
Hill
of
St.
Hermo
,
and
sometimes
of
St.
Martino
,
because
upon
the
top
of
the
said
Hill
there
is
a
very
fair
Church
,
and
a
Monastery
of
Carthusian
Monks
,
under
the
name
of
St.
Martin
;
the
other
Church
of
St.
Hermo
stands
within
the
Castle
,
which
was
builded
by
Charls
the
first
of
Angio
King
of
Naples
,
for
a
defence
and
guard
of
the
said
City
.
The
said
Castle
was
newly
fortified
by
the
Emperor
Charls
the
fifth
.
All
this
Hill
is
beautified
with
goodly
buildings
,
The
Wine
of
Trifolino
.
and
other
worthy
edifices
;
this
pleasant
Hill
yieldeth
excellent
Wines
,
which
are
much
commended
by
Galen
5
Salubrium
.
&
1
de
antid
.
and
Martial
in
Xenia
speaking
of
the
Wine
Trifolino
,
thus
saith
,
Non
sum
de
primo
fateor
Trifolina
Lyaeo
Inter
vina
tamen
septima
vitis
aero
.
It
is
called
the
Hill
Trifolino
by
reason
of
the
three-leafed
grass
,
which
growes
there
very
plentifully
.
Tifata
is
a
Hill
which
lies
above
Capoa
,
whereof
Sillio
speaketh
,
Lib.
13.
Tifata
umbrisico
generatum
monte
Calenum
.
Titus
Livius
likewise
nameth
it
in
the
seventh
and
twentisixth
book
,
describing
that
Hannibal
departing
from
the
Brutii
,
came
into
these
places
to
relieve
Capoa
,
besieged
by
Q.
Fulvius
,
and
Appius
Claudius
,
the
Roman
Consuls
,
and
pitcht
his
Camp
in
a
Valley
but
a
little
distant
from
the
said
Hill
,
with
the
greatest
part
of
his
Army
,
and
with
30
Eliphants
.
Vesevo
,
or
Vesuvio
,
is
a
hil
that
stands
over
against
Naples
,
and
opposite
to
the
Pompeians
,
Why
it
was
called
the
Hill
Vesevo
.
divided
on
every
side
with
high
hils
,
and
hath
at
the
foot
thereof
round
about
many
pleasant
Woods
,
but
in
the
top
is
very
dreadfull
,
hideous
,
and
unpassable
,
in
the
midst
whereof
is
a
great
hole
made
with
fire
,
which
seems
as
a
Theatre
digged
even
out
of
the
bowels
of
the
Hill
,
from
whence
in
old
time
did
ascend
great
abundance
of
fire
.
Of
these
flames
Beroso
the
Caldean
in
his
fifth
book
of
Antiquities
maketh
mention
,
saying
,
that
in
the
last
year
of
the
King
Arli
,
the
7
King
of
the
Assirians
,
the
said
Hill
burned
.
Suetonius
in
the
life
of
Titus
saith
,
that
in
the
time
of
the
said
Emperor
it
yielded
also
great
abundance
of
fire
.
Of
the
like
fire
in
the
same
manner
relateth
Dion
the
Greek
;
the
said
fire
burned
two
Cities
that
stood
near
unto
it
,
that
is
to
say
,
Erculanio
,
and
Pompey
.
After
the
fire
had
continued
three
daies
and
three
nights
,
it
cast
so
many
ashes
with
so
great
violence
,
that
they
were
carried
with
the
force
of
the
wind
even
into
Africa
,
into
Syria
,
and
into
Egipt
;
whereupon
Pliny
being
desirous
to
see
the
cause
of
these
fires
,
went
even
to
the
Tower
Ottavi
,
and
there
was
stifled
with
the
smoke
which
rose
from
the
said
hill
.
This
burning
was
the
cause
that
the
Curati
were
created
in
Rome
for
the
Country
of
Lavoro
,
whose
office
was
to
provide
for
those
inconveniencies
in
all
that
Country
.
Vesevo
is
now
much
tilled
,
and
yieldeth
excellent
Greek
Wine
,
and
great
store
of
Corn
,
and
there
is
also
gathered
great
plenty
of
good
fruits
;
it
is
now
called
the
Hill
of
Somma
,
because
it
standeth
over
against
Naples
.
On
the
one
side
it
hath
the
Fields
,
on
the
other
the
Sea
;
at
the
foot
of
the
hill
is
the
fair
City
of
Somma
,
which
is
adorned
with
the
Title
of
Duke
.
Of
the
said
Hill
thus
saith
Sillio
Italico
in
the
12
book
,
Monstrantur
Veseva
juga
,
atque
in
vertice
summo
Depasti
flammis
scopuli
,
fractusque
ruina
Mons
circum
,
atque
Aethnae
satis
carentia
saxa
.
And
Martial
in
the
4
book
of
his
Epigrams
,
Hic
est
Pampineis
viridis
,
vesuvius
umbris
Praesserat
hic
madidos
nobilis
uva
locus
.
Haec
juga
quam
Nysae
colles
plus
Bacchus
amavit
Hoc
nuper
satyri
monte
dedere
choros
.
Haec
veneris
sedes
Lacedaemone
gra●ior
illi
Hic
locus
Herculeo
nomine
clarus
erat
Cuncta
jacent
flammis
,
&
tristi
mersa
favilla
Nec
superi
vellem
hoc
licuisse
sibi
.
Some
say
that
Vesuvio
was
so
called
for
the
sparkles
of
fire
which
in
old
time
it
cast
out
,
as
it
were
full
of
sparkles
,
for
in
old
time
a
sparkle
was
called
Vesuvia
.
Others
say
that
it
was
also
named
Vesbio
,
of
Vesbio
Captain
of
the
Pelasgi
,
which
did
domineer
and
command
the
said
Hill
.
Servio
was
deceived
in
expounding
those
words
of
Virgil
in
the
7.
saying
,
Et
vicina
Veseva
ora
jugo
.
because
he
saith
that
Vesevio
is
not
the
same
that
is
Vesuvo
,
and
that
the
first
standeth
in
Liguria
,
from
whence
the
River
Po
floweth
,
and
that
the
second
is
in
Campania
felix
.
Nevertheless
by
the
authority
and
testimony
of
excellent
and
grave
Writers
,
that
hill
of
Liguria
hath
been
called
Vesuvio
.
FENNS
.
THe
Fenn
Pontana
,
called
of
the
Latinists
Palus
Pontina
,
was
so
named
(
as
Strabo
saith
)
from
the
City
of
Pometia
,
sometimes
a
Colony
of
the
Romans
,
made
at
the
same
time
with
Suessa
,
according
to
T.
Livi●s
in
his
9
book
.
It
proceedeth
of
two
Rivers
,
the
one
called
Aufido
,
the
other
Vfente
;
of
the
first
Virgil
maketh
mention
,
saying
,
Et
in
mare
volvitur
Vfeus
.
And
in
the
7.
Vfeus
insignis
fama
.
Now
it
is
vulgarly
called
Aufente
,
and
also
Baudino
.
This
Fenn
is
so
large
,
that
as
Pliny
saith
,
with
the
authority
of
Mutiano
,
that
there
were
24
Cities
.
Titus
Livius
writeth
in
his
47
book
,
that
the
said
Fenn
was
dried
up
by
the
Consul
Cornelio
Cethego
,
and
the
ground
became
solid
and
firm
to
sow
corn
.
Cornel.
Cetego
,
the
Consul
dried
up
the
Fen
Pontina
.
But
in
process
of
time
,
care
being
not
had
thereof
,
it
returned
to
its
pristinate
state
,
and
was
all
filled
with
water
;
the
which
Theodorico
King
of
the
Goths
noting
,
caused
it
to
be
made
drie
another
time
.
At
this
present
the
said
fields
are
become
for
the
most
part
so
moorish
,
as
well
by
the
means
of
the
said
Rivers
,
as
the
great
flowing
of
the
waters
,
which
spring
from
the
bottom
of
the
bordering
hils
round
about
,
and
there
settle
and
remain
,
their
ancient
passages
being
stopt
,
whereby
they
were
wont
to
depart
and
pass
into
the
Sea
.
So
by
this
means
there
is
to
be
seen
a
great
Moor
:
Upon
this
Fenn
or
Moor
was
the
City
of
Terracina
,
called
in
old
time
Ansure
,
which
was
the
chief
and
head
City
of
the
Vlosci
.
Strabo
saith
that
in
former
time
it
was
called
Trachina
,
which
is
to
say
sharp
and
rough
,
by
reason
of
the
stony
●ils
where
it
is
situate
.
Servio
saith
,
that
in
Terracina
was
adored
a
little
Iupiter
called
Ansur●
,
Iupiter
Ansure
.
which
in
Greek
signifies
as
it
were
not
shaven
,
because
he
had
no
beard
by
reason
of
his
youth
;
whereupon
Martial
in
the
10
of
his
Epigrams
,
writing
to
Faustine
,
thus
saith
,
O
nemus
,
ò
fontes
,
solidumque
madentis
arenae
,
Lictus
,
&
aequoris
splendidus
Anxur
aqueis
.
And
Horace
in
h●s
Poetry
saith
,
Sterilique
diu
palus
,
aptaque
remis
Vnicas
urbes
alit
:
&
grave
sentit
aratrum
.
Servio
also
saith
,
that
not
very
far
from
Terracina
,
was
a
City
called
Satura
.
Suetonius
Tranquillus
writeth
that
Tiberius
being
invited
to
a
Feast
at
Terracina
,
in
a
place
called
Pretorio
,
suddenly
fell
from
aloft
many
great
stones
,
which
kild
many
of
his
friends
and
followers
,
and
himself
hardly
escaped
.
Spartiano
saith
,
that
Antonino
Pio
repaired
the
Haven
of
Terracina
.
This
City
had
also
the
immunities
and
priviledges
of
Anzo
,
and
of
Hostia
,
the
which
were
likewise
suspended
at
the
coming
of
Asdrubale
into
Italy
.
Acherusa
is
a
Fenn
or
Moor
,
which
is
now
called
Coluccia
,
and
are
certain
waters
of
a
rusty
iron
colour
,
which
amaze
whosoever
see
them
,
and
overspread
much
ground
between
Capoa
and
Aversa
,
infecting
the
air
,
and
making
the
earth
unfruitfull
,
through
the
great
abundance
in
that
Plain
,
whereby
the
Country
becomes
altogether
unprofitable
.
It
stretcheth
even
to
Cuma
,
overflowing
every
place
,
the
which
is
so
plain
,
that
the
water
runneth
not
,
but
in
summer
is
accustomed
to
be
drie
.
Of
the
which
water
none
in
old
time
would
taste
,
believing
it
was
an
infernal
water
,
which
distilled
from
the
near
adjacent
waters
,
through
the
great
heat
of
Fl●giton
;
whereupon
they
builded
there
a
Temple
to
Pluto
the
God
of
Hell
.
The
Ancients
have
also
said
that
Hercules
at
his
departure
from
Hell
,
took
the
Crown
from
the
head
of
Oppius
,
and
planted
it
for
a
memorial
on
the
side
of
the
said
Moor
;
whereupon
the
Poets
afterward
feigned
that
all
the
Poppies
that
grew
there
had
black
leaves
.
Pliny
makes
mention
of
this
Moor
in
his
3
book
,
Strabo
in
the
5
book
,
Sill.
in
the
8.
Virgil
in
the
6
of
Eneid
.
saying
,
Vnum
oro
,
quando
hic
Inferni
janua
regis
Dicitur
,
&
tenebrosa
palus
Acheronte
refuso
.
Of
LAKES
.
ANsanto
,
of
the
Latinists
called
Amsanctus
,
is
a
Lake
which
lieth
between
Lucania
and
the
Irpini
,
the
water
whereof
yieldeth
a
stinking
savour
like
Brimstone
,
and
therefore
all
the
fowles
that
fly
over
it
fall
down
dead
to
the
earth
.
Cicero
nameth
this
Lake
in
the
1
of
Divinat
.
saying
,
Mortifera
quaedam
pars
est
,
ut
Amsancti
in
Hirpinis
,
&
in
Asia
Plutonica
,
quae
vidimus
.
And
Virgil
in
the
7.
of
the
Eneid
.
Est
locus
Italiae
in
medio
sub
montibus
altis
,
Nobilibus
,
&
fama
multis
memoratus
in
oris
.
Amsancti
valles
.
Agnano
is
a
Lake
which
lieth
near
Pozzuolo
,
and
is
invironed
with
high
Rocks
,
the
said
Lake
is
very
deep
,
and
yieldeth
not
any
thing
but
Frogs
.
In
the
Spring
time
there
are
often
seen
many
heaps
and
bundles
of
Serpents
,
which
are
smothered
and
stifled
in
the
water
by
divine
providence
,
the
which
permitteth
not
that
they
multiply
and
increase
,
being
so
pernicious
to
humane
nature
.
Averna
is
a
deep
Lake
which
is
three
miles
distant
from
Cuma
,
and
is
called
of
the
Latinists
Avernus
,
The
Lake
Averno
.
it
was
so
named
(
as
Nonio
Marcello
saith
)
for
the
mortal
and
deadly
savour
of
the
water
against
birds
and
fowles
,
which
incontinently
die
if
they
fly
but
over
it
.
It
is
compassed
round
about
with
high
Hils
,
except
at
the
entrance
.
Round
about
it
are
very
delightfull
and
pleasant
places
;
in
this
Lake
were
men
sacrificed
,
and
here
also
,
as
Homer
declareth
,
was
Elphenore
slain
by
Vlisses
,
and
sacrificed
,
and
likewise
Miseno
by
Eneas
.
The
water
of
this
Lake
hath
a
brackish
and
salt
taste
,
and
a
black
colour
.
In
old
time
the
said
Lake
was
invironed
with
thick
Woods
,
through
the
shadow
whereof
it
was
alwaies
obscure
and
fearfull
;
whereupon
Augustus
caused
all
the
Woods
to
be
cut
down
:
On
the
left
hand
in
the
turning
of
the
Lake
,
is
the
Cave
of
Sibilla
;
and
a
little
farther
near
the
water
is
the
Temple
of
Mercury
,
the
ruines
whereof
are
yet
to
be
seen
.
Of
this
Lake
Aristotle
maketh
mention
,
de
admirabilibus
mundi
.
Valer.
Flac.
lib.
2.
Seneca
in
Troade
.
9.
Curt.
lib.
8.
Dion
.
in
5.
of
Antiquities
,
Vibio
Sequestre
,
Nonio
Marcello
,
Strabo
,
Pontano
,
in
the
2.
and
especially
Virgil
in
the
6
▪
saying
.
Inde
ubi
venere
ad
fauces
graveolentis
Avern●
Tollunt
se
celeres
.
And
a
little
farther
,
Quam
super
●aud
ullae
poterant
impune
volantes
Tendere
iter
pennis
,
talis
sese
halitus
arris
,
Faucibus
effundens
supera
ad
convexa
fetebat
,
Vnde
locum
Grai
dixerunt
nomen
Averni
.
Very
near
the
Lake
Averno
is
the
Lake
Lucrino
,
whereof
we
will
speak
in
its
place
.
Andoria
is
a
Lake
in
Puglia
,
and
named
by
Pliny
,
Mandarium
,
and
by
Boccas
in
his
book
of
Lakes
Andurium
,
from
a
Castle
very
near
unto
it
,
called
Andurio
,
Plin.
lib.
2.
cap.
106.
the
said
Lake
is
not
very
far
from
the
shore
.
The
Lake
Fucino
,
named
by
Strabo
,
Lacus
Fucinus
,
and
likewise
by
other
Writers
,
the
said
Lake
is
commonly
called
Celano
.
This
lake
is
in
the
Country
of
the
Marsi
,
now
called
Abruzzo
on
the
other
side
;
it
is
in
compass
30
miles
,
and
is
very
full
of
excellent
fishes
,
where
is
also
great
fowling
for
Mallards
,
wild-Geese
,
and
Swans
.
Round
about
the
Lake
are
the
Castles
of
St.
Apetito
,
and
St.
Iona
,
and
these
other
places
and
Cities
also
Paterno
,
Transaco
,
Giagano
,
Avezzano
,
Magliano
,
and
Celano
,
is
under
the
title
of
a
Count
,
a
very
rich
and
populous
Country
,
from
whose
name
this
Lake
was
also
called
Celano
.
The
River
Giovento
entreth
into
the
said
Lake
,
and
runneth
upon
the
water
easily
to
be
perceived
,
in
such
manner
,
that
as
it
entreth
in
,
and
runneth
upon
it
,
so
also
it
returns
without
mingling
it self
with
it
.
In
the
said
Lake
was
swallowed
up
the
magnificent
City
Archippa
,
built
by
Marsia
,
King
of
the
Lidi
.
Iohn
Pontano
declareth
in
his
book
de
Magnificentia
,
that
the
Emperor
Claudius
maintained
eleven
years
continually
30
thousand
men
to
dam
up
this
Lake
,
the
which
water
Martia
in
his
Edileship
conveyed
to
Rome
,
and
called
it
by
his
name
,
which
was
esteemed
and
commended
before
any
other
water
that
was
brought
thither
;
Martial
besides
makes
mention
of
this
Lake
,
saying
,
Fucinus
,
&
pigri
taceantur
stagna
Neronis
.
Lusina
is
a
Lake
so
called
of
Lusina
,
a
City
of
Capitanata
▪
this
Lake
is
distant
from
the
said
City
little
less
then
a
mile
,
Plin.
lib.
3.
cap.
10.
The
Lake
Lucrino
,
why
it
was
so
called
.
near
to
the
which
the
River
For●ore
runneth
into
the
Sea
.
This
Lake
is
forty
miles
in
compass
,
and
by
Pliny
is
called
Lacus
Pantanus
,
which
breedeth
excellent
fishes
.
Lucrino
is
a
Lake
near
the
Gulf
of
Bain
,
in
Campania
felix
,
directly
against
Pozzuolo
,
it
is
commonly
called
the
Lake
of
Licola
.
This
Lake
Lucrino
was
fortified
by
Hercoles
to
keep
his
oxen
he
brought
from
Gerion
:
It
was
afterward
much
better
amended
and
ordered
by
Agrippa
.
Strabo
saith
that
he
made
it
in
that
sort
that
boats
might
pass
into
it
;
some
say
that
this
Lake
Lucrino
was
so
called
de
Lucro
,
that
is
to
say
from
the
gain
and
commodity
that
arise
of
the
fishes
that
are
therein
taken
,
and
from
this
Lake
there
goeth
a
way
to
Averno
.
In
this
Lake
Lucrino
,
there
is
plenty
of
Oysters
,
whereof
Martial
speaketh
,
Non
omnis
laudem
,
preceumque
Aurata
meretur
Sed
cui
solus
erit
Concha
Lucrina
cibut
.
And
in
another
place
saith
,
Ebria
Baiano
veni
modo
Conca
Lucrino
Nobile
nunc
sitio
luxuriosa
Garnum
.
Pliny
writeth
in
the
9
lib.
cap.
8.
that
in
the
time
of
Augustus
,
there
was
a
Dolphin
in
this
Lake
Lucrino
,
and
that
a
poor
mans
son
which
daily
went
to
school
to
Baia
by
Pozzuolo
,
The
History
of
a
Dolphin
.
seeing
him
,
began
to
call
him
Simon
,
and
very
often
with
pieces
of
bread
which
he
carried
for
this
purpose
,
so
inticed
and
allured
him
,
whereupon
the
Dolphin
grew
greatly
in
love
with
him
;
by
which
means
being
called
by
the
boy
at
any
time
whatsoever
,
though
he
were
hid
,
and
in
the
bottom
of
the
Lake
,
nevertheless
he
would
presently
come
and
take
the
meat
from
the
boys
hand
,
and
afterward
suffer
him
to
mount
upon
his
back
,
laying
down
his
sharp
fin
,
and
so
take
him
up
and
carry
him
to
Pozzuolo
,
playing
with
him
through
a
great
part
of
the
water
,
and
in
like
manner
would
return
with
him
,
and
this
he
continued
for
many
years
,
until
the
boy
died
;
and
the
Dolphin
coming
to
his
accustomed
place
,
and
missing
him
,
so
lamented
and
sorrowed
,
till
in
the
end
he
pined
away
;
and
also
died
with
very
grief
.
The
Lake
of
Patria
is
a
very
great
Lake
,
and
full
of
fish
,
and
i●
near
to
Linturno
in
Campania
felix
.
On
the
right
hand
of
the
said
Lake
,
not
very
far
from
the
Sea
is
to
be
seen
at
this
present
,
a
Tower
not
very
ancient
,
called
Patrio
,
built
upon
the
ruines
of
Linterno
,
The
Sepulchre
of
Scipio
Africano
.
which
was
the
Town
of
Scipio
Africano
,
for
Ptolomeo
,
Pliny
,
and
Mela
,
and
Livio
,
placed
Linterno
between
Vulturno
and
Cuma
:
Scipio
Africano
made
choice
to
live
rather
in
Linterno
,
as
a
voluntary
exile
,
then
to
abide
in
Rome
among
such
ungrateful
people
,
because
he
had
experience
of
that
true
Proverb
,
That
a
benefit
is
seldom
rewarded
but
with
ingratitude
.
Scipio
dying
,
A
Proverb
.
left
in
his
Will
,
that
this
Epitaph
should
be
ingraven
upon
his
Tomb
,
Devicto
Hannibale
capta
Carthagine
,
&
aucto
Imperio
,
hos
cineres
marmore
tectus
habes
,
Cui
non
Europa
,
non
obstitit
Africa
quondam
(
Respice
res
hominum
)
quam
brevis
urna
praemit
.
The
Lake
Fondano
,
named
Fandanus
through
the
error
of
Pliny
,
instead
of
Fundanus
,
as
the
learned
Barbaro
noteth
.
The
said
Lake
is
in
the
Province
of
the
Country
of
Lavoro
,
near
Formia
,
and
Villa
Castello
.
There
are
very
good
fish
had
from
this
Lake
,
and
especially
great
Eels
.
The
fame
and
report
being
every
where
spread
,
that
S●ipio
remained
at
Linterno
,
thither
repaired
certain
notorious
Pirats
to
visit
and
honour
him
,
See
the
Elegy
of
Giovio
in
the
life
of
Scipio
Afr.
drawn
by
the
fame
and
renown
of
his
many
victories
.
By
this
clearly
appears
the
force
of
vertue
,
how
powerfull
and
puissant
it
is
even
amongst
all
people
,
that
it
inforceth
not
only
the
good
to
love
it
,
but
also
the
wicked
and
reprobate
to
honour
and
embrace
it
.
Salapia
is
a
Lake
in
Pugli●
Daunia
,
which
is
now
called
the
Province
of
Capitanata
:
The
Lake
Varrone
,
called
in
old
time
Gerne
,
lieth
in
the
Province
of
Capitanata
▪
and
is
thirty
miles
in
compass
,
where
are
these
Cities
,
Cappino
,
Cognato
,
and
Iscitella
.
The
said
Lake
breedeth
very
good
●ishes
and
Eels
.
Of
the
WOODS
.
AGnitia
is
a
Wood
which
standeth
near
the
City
of
Alba
in
the
Territory
of
the
Marsi
,
now
called
Abruzzesie
,
of
it
Virgil
maketh
mention
in
the
seventh
book
.
The
Wood
Hami
,
called
in
old
time
Sacer
Lucus
,
this
sacred
Wood
is
three
miles
distant
from
Cuma
,
a
City
of
Campania
felix
.
The
said
Wood
,
with
the
Temple
standing
upon
a
high
Hill
,
was
within
a
mile
and
half
of
the
Baths
of
Tripergota
;
the
which
Hill
was
planted
on
every
side
with
sumptuous
buildings
even
to
the
top
.
Of
this
Hill
Livy
maketh
mention
in
his
third
book
ab
urbe
cond
.
saying
that
they
sacrificed
there
in
the
night
.
We
have
written
at
large
thereof
in
the
book
of
the
Antiquities
of
Pozzuolo
,
whereto
I
refer
the
Reader
.
Lusilla
is
a
Wood
in
length
three
miles
,
where
are
very
goodly
pastures
for
droves
and
heards
of
Cattle
.
It
is
distant
from
Lusilla
two
miles
,
and
a
little
more
from
the
ancient
Lavo
,
called
Laino
,
a
City
of
Calauria
on
this
side
.
Daunia
was
in
old
time
a
very
fair
Wood
all
of
Oaks
,
in
the
midst
whereof
was
a
stately
Temple
dedicated
to
Iupiter
Dodon●o
,
whose
Statue
was
very
much
honoured
,
because
it
revealed
things
by
the
means
of
a
Pidgeon
.
This
Wood
stood
in
Puglia
,
and
was
so
called
of
Dauno
the
son
of
Pilumno
,
and
of
Da●ao
the
Grandfather
of
Turnus
,
which
ruled
Puglia
,
the
which
Province
was
afterward
called
Daunia
.
Sila
,
called
for
the
excellency
thereof
,
Sila
Brettiana
,
is
a
very
fair
Wood
,
which
contains
200
miles
in
compass
,
and
standeth
near
Cosenza
,
a
City
of
Calauria
on
this
side
;
this
famous
Wood
is
not
so
hideous
and
loathsome
in
Winter
,
through
the
continual
snow
and
ice
,
as
it
is
pleasant
and
delightful
in
Summer
,
where
the
fresh
air
with
delicate
streams
of
water
full
of
fish
,
the
sundry
parts
in
fowling
and
hunting
,
the
infinite
droves
and
heards
of
cattel
which
plentifully
feed
,
represent
in
effect
that
which
the
Poets
feign
of
their
Arcadia
.
In
this
Wood
are
Trees
which
yield
Pitch
and
excellent
Turpentine
,
whereof
Strabo
in
his
6
book
thus
saith
,
Est
Syla
picis
,
ferax
optime
Brettiana
dicta
proceris
arboribus
&
aquis
recentibus
r●ferta
ad
97
longitudinis
.
Of
this
Sila
,
Virgil
maketh
mention
in
the
12
book
,
saying
,
Ac
velut
ingenti
Syla
,
summove
Taburno
.
Cum
duo
conversis
inimica
in
praelia
tauri
Frontibus
incurrunt
,
pavidi
cessere
magistri
Stat
pecus
omne
metu
mutum
,
mussamque
juvencae
Quis
p●cori
imperiet
,
quem
tota
armenta
sequantur
.
Dioscorides
in
his
first
book
doth
much
commend
the
Pitch
which
comes
from
thence
,
and
Galen
also
doth
greatly
praise
it
in
his
book
de
Antido
.
and
in
the
3
de
copia
medicamentorum
,
and
in
other
places
;
it
is
also
commended
by
Paulo
Agineta
in
the
third
book
de
arte
medendi
,
of
Aetio
in
the
fifteenth
book
of
Pliny
,
Phil.
lib.
14.
Columella
lib.
13.
Vegetio
.
l
4.
of
Columella
,
of
Vegetio
,
and
of
Scribonio
an
excellent
Physician
,
which
florished
in
the
time
of
the
Emperor
Tiberius
Of
the
Mines
in
the
Kingdom
.
In
the
Province
of
the
Country
of
Lavoro
,
called
in
old
time
Campania
felix
.
IN
the
Isle
of
Ischia
,
called
in
old
time
Enaria
,
is
a
Mine
of
Gold
,
and
of
Alume
,
the
which
Bartholomeo
Perdice
Genoway
found
in
the
year
1465.
In
the
Territory
of
Pozzuolo
is
a
Mine
of
Alume
,
of
Brimstone
,
of
Copper
,
of
Iron
,
and
of
Saltpeter
.
In
the
Territory
of
Sessa
is
a
Mine
of
Gold
and
Silver
.
In
the
Hill
of
Somma
,
called
Vesevo
,
and
Vesuvio
,
are
Mines
of
Gold
,
Brimstone
,
and
Alume
.
In
the
Province
of
the
Principality
on
this
side
.
In
the
Territory
of
Olibano
is
a
Mine
of
Silver
.
In
the
Province
of
the
Principality
on
the
other
side
.
In
the
Territory
of
Prata
is
a
Mine
of
Gold
and
Silver
.
In
the
Province
of
Abruzzo
on
this
side
.
In
the
Territory
of
Lietto
Manupello
,
is
a
Mine
of
Pitch
in
the
manner
of
Tarr
,
and
is
of
the
same
operation
that
Pitch
is
,
this
was
found
in
the
year
1577.
In
the
Territory
of
the
Country
of
Cantalupo
,
at
the
bottom
of
a
Hill
doth
flow
a
certain
Liquor
called
Petronical
Oyle
,
which
is
very
soveraigne
and
medicinable
.
In
the
Province
of
the
Country
of
Otranto
.
In
the
Territory
of
the
City
of
Matera
,
are
Mines
of
Bolearmenick
,
and
of
a
certain
earth
called
by
the
Latinists
terra
Lennia
,
and
terra
Sacra
,
it
is
much
commended
by
Galen
,
and
many
other
Physitians
,
as
an
excellent
remedy
to
heal
wounds
,
and
the
bloudy
flux
,
and
pestilent
diseases
,
and
the
biting
of
venomous
creatures
,
and
to
preserve
a
man
from
poyson
,
and
to
vomit
poyson
already
taken
,
and
for
other
infirmities
.
There
is
also
a
Mine
of
natural
and
artificial
Salt-peter
.
In
the
Province
of
Calauria
on
this
side
.
In
the
Territy
of
the
Country
of
Martorano
,
is
a
Mine
of
Steel
.
In
the
Territory
of
the
City
of
Cosenza
,
near
the
River
Iovinio
,
are
Mines
of
Gold
,
and
Iron
;
and
in
a
place
commonly
called
Macchia
germana
,
is
a
Mine
of
Gold
,
of
Lead
,
and
Brimstone
;
and
a
little
farther
in
another
place
called
Miliano
,
is
a
Mine
of
Salt
and
Alume
.
In
the
Territory
of
Pietr●
fitta
,
near
the
River
Ispica
,
are
Mines
of
Steel
,
Lead
,
and
Salt
.
In
the
Territory
of
the
Country
of
Regina
,
are
Mines
of
Alabaster
,
of
Brimstone
,
and
of
Coperas
.
In
the
Territory
of
the
Country
of
Longobucco
,
are
Mines
of
Silver
,
and
Quicksilver
.
In
the
Territory
of
Rossano
are
Mines
of
Salt
,
and
of
Alabaster
,
and
the
Marchesite
stone
.
In
the
Territory
of
Alto
monte
are
Mines
of
Gold
,
of
Silver
,
of
Iron
,
and
of
Alabaster
,
and
there
grows
Cristal
,
and
there
also
mighty
Hils
of
white
salt
.
In
the
Province
of
Calauria
on
the
other
side
.
In
the
Territory
of
the
City
of
Regio
are
Mines
of
Alabaster
,
of
Brimstone
and
Saltpeter
.
In
the
Territory
of
the
City
of
Taverna
is
a
Mine
of
Antimonium
,
which
is
a
stone
of
the
colour
of
lead
,
and
very
brittle
,
like
that
which
grows
in
Britany
.
In
the
Territory
of
the
Country
of
Agata
is
a
Mine
of
Iron
,
and
Steel
,
and
of
the
Adamant
stone
.
In
the
Territory
of
Belforte
,
is
a
Mine
of
Gold
,
and
of
Iron
,
and
there
grows
Coprass
and
Cristal
.
In
the
Territory
of
Calatro
is
a
Mine
of
Iron
.
In
the
Territory
of
Belvedere
are
Mines
of
Silver
,
of
Iron
,
of
Brimstone
,
of
Alume
,
of
Salt
,
and
of
white
and
black
Alabaster
,
and
there
grows
a
stone
which
shineth
like
Silver
.
In
the
Territory
of
Soriano
,
is
a
Mine
of
Quicksilver
.
In
the
Territory
of
Nicastro
is
a
Mine
of
Quicksilver
,
and
there
are
also
goodly
Hils
of
mixed
Marble
In
the
Territory
of
Mesuraca
is
a
Mine
of
Earth
,
which
yields
a
colour
called
of
Latinists
Giluus
.
In
the
City
Cotrone
grows
a
Thistle
which
yieldeth
Mastick
,
and
also
it
grows
in
Castrovillare
,
and
in
many
other
places
of
Calauria
.
And
to
conclude
,
Calauria
is
a
very
goodly
Region
,
and
yieldeth
plenty
of
all
good
things
.
The
Castles
and
Forts
of
defence
which
are
in
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
with
the
number
of
Souldiers
which
remain
in
every
Guard
,
and
their
monthly
pay
.
The
names
of
the
Castles
|
The
number
of
souldiers
|
The
pay
,
what
it
monthly
imports
|
In
Naples
are
these
3
Castles
,
|
|
Duckets
:
|
1.
The
new
Castle
.
|
167
|
775.2.12
|
2.
The
Castle
of
Eramo
.
|
110
|
452.2.9
|
3.
The
Castle
of
Vovo
.
|
25
|
90.4.11
|
The
Castle
of
Baia.
|
69
|
233.0.13
|
The
Castle
of
the
Isle
Ischia
.
|
34
|
116.
|
The
Castle
of
Gaeta
.
|
86
|
322.3.3
|
The
Castle
of
Capoa
.
|
51
|
200.1.13
|
The
Castle
of
Aquila
.
|
53
|
197.1.13
|
The
fortified
Castle
of
Brindesi
.
|
56
|
175.3
|
The
Castle
of
Leccie
.
|
54
|
201.1.13
|
The
Castle
of
Otranto
.
|
86
|
144.1.13
|
The
Castle
of
Civitella
.
|
94
|
Duckets
,
321.0.13
|
The
Castle
of
Pesara
.
|
62
|
303.2.10
|
The
Castle
of
Viesti
.
|
36
|
247
.
1.13●
|
The
Castle
of
Momfredonia
.
|
34
|
137.1.13
|
The
Castle
of
Barletta
.
|
52
|
194.1.13
|
The
Castle
of
Bary
.
|
28
|
118.1.13
|
The
Castle
of
Monopoli
.
|
29
|
140.
|
The
Castle
of
Brindesi
.
|
41
|
151.
|
The
little
Castle
of
Brindesi
.
|
63
|
223.4
|
The
Castle
of
Cosenza
hath
only
a
Capt.
with
the
pay
of
10
crowns
monthly
|
1
|
10
▪
|
The
Castle
of
Gallipoli
|
30
|
Duckets
:
125.1.13
|
The
Castle
of
Taranto
|
46
|
176.0.4
|
The
Castle
of
Cotrone
|
39
|
136.3.6
|
The
Castle
of
Bi●eglia
hath
but
only
a
Captain
|
1
|
10
|
The
Castle
of
St.
Germano
hath
only
a
Captain
with
the
allowance
of
200
duckets
yearly
|
1
|
17
|
The
Castle
of
Trani
hath
only
a
Captain
with
the
pay
of
10
crowns
monthly
|
1
|
10
|
In
the
Isle
of
Nis●ta
the
Court
maintain●th
a
Ga●ison
|
|
Duckets
.
|
The
Fort
of
the
City
of
Aman●e●
maintaineth
6
souldiers
|
6
|
20.4
|
The
Fort
of
St.
Cataldo
maintain
there
|
6
|
262.
|
In
the
Isle
of
Tipare
are
two
Gunners
|
2
|
2
|
A
CATALOGVE
Of
the
Earls
and
Dukes
of
Puglia
and
Calauria
;
and
of
all
the
Kings
of
Naples
,
Normans
,
S●evi
,
Angioini
,
Durazzeschi
,
Aragonesi
,
Castilliani
,
&
Austriaci
.
ALthough
I
have
more
at
large
written
in
another
book
of
the
lives
of
all
the
Kings
which
have
ruled
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
;
but
being
now
to
speak
of
the
same
subject
,
I
will
handle
every
thing
with
as
much
brevity
as
may
be
,
hoping
that
as
it
will
be
no
small
ornament
to
this
work
,
so
it
will
give
no
little
contentment
to
the
Reader
.
It
is
then
to
be
understood
,
that
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
987.
the
last
year
of
the
reign
of
Lewis
the
fifth
King
of
France
,
avaliant
Norman
souldier
,
and
of
great
magnanimity
,
called
Tancred
,
having
twelve
sons
which
he
had
by
two
wives
,
that
is
to
say
,
of
Moriella
Lucha
his
first
wife
,
he
had
Frumentino
,
Gotfredo
,
Sarno
,
Tancred
,
Malugero
,
Dragone
,
Godfredo
,
and
Alberedo
;
of
the
second
wife
,
called
Fresanda
Rotaria
,
the
daughter
(
or
as
some
write
)
the
sister
of
the
Earl
of
Altavilla
,
he
had
Guglielmo
Feraback
,
Vnfredo
,
Ruberto
,
Guiscard
,
and
Ruggieri
Bosso
,
with
these
twelve
sons
Tancred
determined
to
seek
out
some
new
Country
to
inhabit
,
and
to
try
some
new
and
better
fortune
,
with
hope
to
find
some
other
place
to
live
better
,
and
more
richly
,
through
his
industry
and
wit
;
and
coming
into
Italy
,
first
arived
in
Romagna
,
and
perceiving
that
Landolfo
Prince
of
Salerno
,
was
much
opprest
through
the
excursions
and
outroads
of
the
Saracins
,
sent
in
his
aid
six
of
his
sons
,
who
being
well
provided
by
the
Prince
,
both
of
horse
and
arms
,
in
three
battels
wherein
they
incountred
the
enemy
,
made
an
admirable
slaughter
of
them
,
whereupon
they
returned
as
it
were
in
triumph
to
Salerno
,
and
were
by
the
Prince
and
all
the
people
received
,
and
with
much
intreaty
were
sollicited
to
remain
in
that
Court
.
But
they
declaring
that
what
they
did
was
not
for
any
human
pomp
,
nor
for
any
other
end
but
the
service
of
God
,
refusing
all
gifts
,
returned
to
their
own
habitation
.
But
within
a
few
years
following
,
there
fell
certain
controversies
between
Pandolfo
of
St.
Agata
,
and
Guaimaro
Prince
of
Salerno
,
Pandolfo
sent
Ambassadors
into
Romagno
,
requesting
Guglielmo
,
Dragone
and
Vmfrido
,
three
sons
of
Tancred
,
with
many
promises
and
offers
to
serve
under
his
pay
;
which
that
he
might
the
better
do
,
in
the
manner
of
another
Narsetes
,
sent
them
not
only
rich
furniture
for
horses
,
and
costly
apparel
for
themselves
,
but
great
store
of
money
.
These
worthy
men
made
no
delay
to
come
to
the
Prince
Pandolfo
,
through
whose
assistance
the
enemy
being
foild
,
was
forced
with
shame
and
sorrow
to
retire
;
but
Pandolfo
being
brutish
and
ungratefull
,
made
no
great
account
of
them
,
which
they
perceiving
,
for
this
cause
,
the
time
of
their
service
being
expired
,
took
part
with
Guaimaro
,
who
by
their
worthy
deeds
,
in
a
short
time
recovered
much
.
Through
these
famous
atchieuments
the
Normans
gained
the
reputation
of
valiant
Warriers
with
every
one
.
In
the
mean
time
died
Tancred
their
Father
,
which
was
Earl
of
Altavilla
,
the
which
Count
descending
to
Gugli●lmo
Ferrabach
his
eldest
son
,
omitted
no
time
to
go
into
Normandy
to
take
possession
thereof
,
where
after
he
had
setled
the
affairs
of
his
State
,
returned
afterward
into
Italy
,
bringing
with
him
no
less
then
fifteen
thousand
Normans
into
Romagna
,
and
in
process
of
time
got
not
only
the
dominion
thereof
,
but
also
the
most
part
of
Tuscan
.
Things
resting
in
this
manner
▪
the
Saracins
possest
all
Sicilia
,
and
Sardinia
,
and
many
times
did
much
prejudice
the
Coast
of
Italy
,
The
Saracius
possess
Sicilia
.
whereupon
Pope
Sergio
the
4
fearing
,
and
much
suspecting
they
would
overrun
all
Italy
,
demanded
aid
of
Guglielmo
Ferabach
.
Guglielmo
through
the
perswasion
of
the
Pope
,
went
in
this
expedition
with
eleven
thousand
of
his
souldiers
,
together
with
Maniace
,
Captain
of
Michele
Paslagone
the
Greek
Emperor
,
to
the
recovery
of
Sicilia
,
and
with
much
valour
and
courage
expeld
the
Saracins
▪
out
of
all
the
●sle
;
but
Maniace
not
observing
the
agreement
,
that
what
was
gotten
should
be
equally
divided
between
them
,
Farabache
growing
wrathfull
,
past
with
his
Normans
into
Puglia
,
making
a
mighty
slaughter
,
subdued
the
greasted
part
,
and
finding
a
fit
and
secure
place
builded
the
City
of
Melsi
in
a
difficult
place
,
and
well
fortified
by
nature
.
The
which
Maniace
understanding
,
came
upon
him
with
a
strong
Army
;
but
Ferabach
braving
the
enemy
,
which
besieged
him
,
being
wearied
with
travel
,
Ferabach
maketh
Warr
with
the
Greek●
.
came
out
against
them
,
and
encountring
them
,
gave
them
a
mighty
overthrow
near
the
River
of
Lofonte
in
Puglia
,
the
Normans
remaining
Conquerors
,
and
so
rich
both
of
reputation
and
spoil
,
mounted
mightily
in
state
,
indeavouring
both
by
might
,
and
other
Military
means
to
obtain
other
places
and
Cities
in
Puglia
,
the
which
atchieuments
succeeding
with
so
great
felicity
to
the
Normans
,
it
followed
that
all
Puglia
came
into
the
possession
of
the
said
Guglielmo
,
who
through
his
valiant
acts
,
had
the
name
of
Ferabach
,
that
is
to
say
,
strong-arm
,
of
which
dominion
he
afterward
took
the
title
of
an
Earl
.
Afterward
Guglielmo
died
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
1042.
and
because
he
left
no
child
,
Guglielmo
Ferabach
Count
of
Puglia
.
The
death
of
Guglielmo
1042
〈◊〉
,
Count
of
Puglia
.
his
brother
Dragone
succeeded
in
the
County
,
which
was
Lord
of
Venosa
,
who
had
at
his
beginning
a
great
overthrow
by
Melo
,
Captain
of
the
Greek
Emperor
,
and
lost
a
great
part
of
Puglia
;
but
being
aided
by
Guaimaro
,
Prince
of
Salerno
,
he
oftentimes
fought
with
the
Greeks
,
without
any
advantage
;
yet
in
the
end
in
a
great
conflict
he
overthrew
and
dissolved
the
Greek
Army
,
and
not
only
recovered
that
which
he
had
first
lost
,
but
also
got
many
Castles
and
Holds
,
which
the
enemies
possest
upon
the
Sea-coast
of
Puglia
.
At
this
time
the
Emperor
Henry
the
second
came
into
Italy
,
and
having
pacified
the
affairs
of
the
Church
,
went
into
the
Kingdom
,
and
confirmed
to
Dragone
the
County
of
Puglia
,
from
whom
he
received
not
only
much
money
,
but
had
also
the
best
and
fairest
horses
that
were
in
all
the
Kingdom
.
The
Count
of
Puglia
consumed
by
the
Emperor
Henry
the
2
to
Dragone
.
1051.
Vm●rid●
Count
of
Puglia
.
Anno.
57.
Baielardo
,
Count
of
Puglia
.
Roberto
Guiscard
▪
Count
of
Puglia
.
The
Emperor
departing
Italy
,
the
Earl
Dragone
moved
the
Beneventani
to
War
,
and
in
two
battels
which
he
made
,
his
Army
was
overthrown
,
and
he
flying
,
was
slain
by
the
enemies
.
His
brother
Humfrido
took
the
possession
of
the
Earldom
,
at
which
time
Guaimaro
Prince
of
Salerno
was
cruelly
murdered
by
his
own
people
,
and
his
son
was
made
Prince
,
with
the
help
of
the
Normans
,
which
the
said
Count
laboured
with
long
War
;
in
the
end
the
Count
ill
demeaning
himself
with
the
Pugliesi
,
was
for
his
cruel
nature
slain
in
the
year
1057.
Baielardo
his
son
succeeded
in
his
fathers
Dominion
,
the
which
being
chased
away
in
the
same
year
by
Ruberto
Guiscard
his
uncle
,
this
Ruberto
became
the
fourth
Earl
of
Puglia
,
who
being
a
valiant
man
at
arms
,
and
of
a
great
spirit
,
suddenly
besieged
Reggio
,
and
having
taken
it
,
went
with
prosperous
victory
subduing
other
parts
and
Cities
of
Calauria
to
his
dominion
.
Afterward
he
returned
into
Puglia
,
took
Troia
,
and
in
such
manner
never
rested
,
taking
from
hand
to
hand
many
Cities
,
and
brought
all
the
Normans
of
that
Country
under
his
Empire
;
Ruberto
Guiscard
attributeth
to
himself
the
title
of
Duke
of
Puglia
and
Calauria
.
and
being
fully
resolved
to
continue
no
longer
an
Earl
,
with
a
general
consent
caused
himself
to
be
called
Duke
of
Puglia
and
Calauria
.
At
this
present
Nicholas
the
second
,
Bishop
of
Rome
,
being
much
incumbred
with
the
Roman
Barons
,
came
in
the
year
1●59
.
to
the
Parlament
with
Guiscardo
,
in
the
City
of
Aquila
,
and
Guiscard
having
with
much
humility
adored
the
Pope
,
made
peace
with
him
,
and
restored
unto
him
the
City
of
Benevento
,
Nocolas
the
2
Bishop
of
Rome
,
came
to
the
Parlament
with
Guis●a●do
,
an.
1059.
and
all
other
places
that
he
had
belonging
to
the
Church
,
for
the
which
the
Pope
not
only
received
him
into
grace
and
favour
,
but
confirmed
and
invested
him
with
the
Title
of
Duke
of
Puglia
and
Calauria
.
The
which
act
was
registred
and
confirmed
with
a
solemn
Oath
,
and
so
Ruberto
was
now
made
a
Vassal
and
Liegeman
of
the
Church
.
Sigonio
writeth
two
Acts
of
the
Oath
which
Ruberto
at
this
present
made
to
the
Pope
,
Robert
Guiscard
invested
with
the
Dukedom
of
Puglia
and
Calauria
.
the
one
to
pay
the
yearly
tribute
,
the
other
loyalty
and
homage
,
the
which
two
Acts
I
thought
good
to
insert
in
this
place
,
to
the
end
the
Reader
may
know
how
the
Ecclesiastical
Jurisdiction
began
in
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
:
The
first
is
in
this
sort
.
The
oath
of
loyalty
and
homage
of
Duke
Robert●
.
Ego
Robertus
Dei
gratia
,
&
St.
Petri
Dux
Apuliae
,
&
Calabriae
,
&
utroque
subveniente
futurus
Siculis
ad
confirmationem
traditionis
,
&
ad
recognitionem
fidelitatis
de
terra
S.
Petri
,
promitto
me
quotannis
pro
unoquoque
jugo
boum
pensionem
duodecim
denariorum
Papiensium
persoluturum
B.
Petro
,
&
tibi
D.
meo
Nicolao
Papae
,
&
omnibus
successoribus
tuis
,
aut
tuis
,
aut
tuorum
successorum
nunciis
ad
S.
Resurrectionem
obligans
me
,
&
meos
haeredes
,
sive
successores
tibi
,
&
successoribus
tuis
.
Sic
me
Deus
adjuvet
,
&c.
The
second
is
thus
:
Ego
Robertus
Dei
,
&
S.
Petri
gratia
Dux
Apuliae
,
&
utroque
subveniente
futurus
Siciliae
ab
hinc
in
posterum
fidelis
●ro
S.
Romanae
Ecclesiae
,
&
Apostolicae
Sedi
,
&
D.
meo
Nicolao
Papae
.
The
second
oath
.
Neque
ero
auctor
,
aut
adjutor
,
ut
vitam
,
aut
membrum
amittas
,
aut
capiaris
mala
captione
,
consilium
quod
mihi
credideris
,
&
ne
enunciem
imperaris
,
non
enunciabo
in
tuum
detrimentum
sciens
S.
Romanae
Ecclesiae
ubique
adjutor
ero
ad
tenenda
,
&
acquirenda
regalia
S.
Petri
,
ejusque
possessiones
pro
viribus
meis
contra
homines
,
&
adjuvabo
te
,
ut
securè
,
&
honorifice
tenens
Pontificatum
Romanum
,
terramque
S.
Petri
▪
Et
Principatum
nec
invadere
,
nec
subigere
tentabo
,
nec
praedari
contendam
sine
tua
,
tuorumque
successorum
licentia
.
Pensionem
de
terra
S.
Petri
,
quam
ego
teneo
,
aut
tenebo
,
sicut
statutum
est
,
recta
fide
studebo
,
ut
quotannis
Ecclesiae
Romanae
persolvam
,
omnes
Ecclesias
,
quae
in
mea
consistunt
ditione
cum
earum
possessionibus
in
tua
potestate
dimittam
,
&
defensor
ero
earum
ad
fidelitatem
Romanae
Ecclesiae
.
Et
si
tu
,
vel
tui
successores
antè
me
ex
hac
vita
decesserint
,
pro
ut
monitus
fuero
à
primis
Cardinalibus
,
clericis
,
&
laicis
Romanis
,
opem
feram
,
ut
Pontifex
erigatur
,
&
ordinetur
ad
honorem
S.
Petri.
Haec
omnia
suprascripta
servabo
S.
R.
Ecclesiae
,
&
tibi
&
successoribus
tuis
ad
honorem
S.
Petri
ordinatis
,
qui
mihi
firmaverint
investituram
à
te
mihi
concessam
.
Sic
me
Deus
adjuvet
,
&c.
Afterward
by
commandment
of
the
Pope
,
Ruberto
went
with
his
Army
against
the
Roman
Barons
,
and
never
ceased
untill
he
had
subdued
them
all
,
and
made
them
obedient
to
the
Pope
.
Having
then
a
purpose
to
expell
the
Saracins
out
of
Sicilia
,
made
many
progresses
into
that
Isle
,
took
Messina
,
surprised
Rimeto
,
built
in
the
Valley
of
Demona
,
the
Castle
of
St.
Mark
;
and
from
hence
returning
into
the
Country
of
Otranto
▪
took
Taranto
by
assault
,
four
years
after
it
was
besieged
,
through
the
faction
of
Argirizo
of
Bari
,
returned
again
into
Sicilia
,
and
with
a
puissant
Army
besieged
Palermo
,
the
which
City
when
he
had
taken
,
committed
the
Government
of
that
Isle
to
his
brother
Ruggieri
Bosso
,
determined
for
a
difference
risen
between
him
and
the
Prince
Gisulfo
his
brother
in
law
,
P●terno
taken
by
Robert
Guiscard
.
to
subdue
Salerno
,
whereupon
with
a
mighty
siege
he
begirt
the
said
City
,
into
the
which
he
entred
by
a
breach
in
the
Wall
,
and
easily
obtained
it
,
as
he
had
done
many
other
places
,
and
so
became
Lord
of
Salerno
in
the
year
1076.
and
without
any
delay
followed
the
conquest
of
the
rest
of
Campania
,
Salerno
taken
by
Guiscardo
in
the
year
1076.
and
forsomuch
as
he
had
an
ingenious
and
deep
conceit
,
took
advantage
by
the
dissention
and
ill
government
of
the
Grecian
Princes
,
purposing
to
make
war
upon
them
,
because
many
years
before
they
attended
no
other
thing
but
the
chasing
and
dispossessing
the
one
the
other
.
Then
he
past
the
Sea
with
an
Army
of
15
thousand
●ighting
men
,
and
meeting
with
the
Army
of
Alessio
,
gave
him
a
mighty
overthrow
.
Not
long
after
Pope
Gregory
the
7
being
afflicted
with
cruel
war
by
the
Emperor
,
Henry
the
4.
requested
aid
of
Ruberto
Guiscardo
,
and
for
to
induce
him
the
rather
to
his
desire
,
they
met
together
at
Aquino
,
and
after
at
Ceperano
,
and
there
the
Pope
confirmed
to
Roberto
the
same
things
which
Nicholas
the
second
,
and
Pope
Alexander
had
first
granted
unto
him
.
And
so
Roberto
was
again
made
a
Liegeman
of
the
Church
,
Pope
Gergory
the
7
con●●emed
to
Ruberto
the
Dukedom
of
Puglia
and
Calauria
.
and
took
his
Oath
in
this
manner
,
Ego
Robertus
Apuliae
Calabriae
&
Siciliae
Dux
,
post●ac
ero
fidelis
tibi
Domino
meo
Gregorio
Pontifici
,
neque
auctor
ero
,
aut
operam
dabo
,
ut
vitam
,
aut
membrum
amittas
,
aut
dolo
malo
capiaris
consilium
,
quod
mihi
communicaveris
,
in
tui
damnum
sedens
non
enunciabo
.
S.
Romanam
Ecclesiam
.
&
te
adjuvabo
,
ut
teneas
,
acquiras
,
&
desendas
regalia
Sancti
Petri
,
ejusque
,
possessiones
pro
meis
viribus
contra
omnes
homines
,
praeter
partem
Firmanae
,
Marchiae
,
&
Salernum
,
&
Amalsim
de
quibus
adhuc
non
est
decretum
,
&
adjuvabo
te
,
ut
tutò
,
&
honorificè
teneas
Pontificatum
.
Terram
S.
Petri
,
quam
nunc
tenes
,
vel
habiturus
es
,
post
quam
sciero
tuae
esse
potestatis
,
nec
invadere
,
nec
acquirere
conabor
,
nec
praedari
audebo
,
sine
tuo
,
tuorumque
successorum
permisit
:
pensionem
de
terra
S.
Petri
quam
ego
teneo
,
aut
tenebo
,
quot
annis
bona
side
persolvam
S.
Romanae
Ecclesiae
,
omnes
ecclesias
,
quae
in
ejus
sunt
ditione
,
tuae
potestati
dimittam
,
easque
desendam
.
Si
tu
,
aut
sucdessores
tui
ante
me
ex
vita
ingraverint
,
pro
ut
monitus
fuero
auxilio
ero
,
ut
Pontifex
eligatur
,
&
ordinetur
.
Guiscardo
having
finished
his
saying
,
Gregory
thus
replyed
,
Ego
vero
Gregorius
Pontifex
investa
●e
Roberte
de
terra
S.
Petri
,
quam
tibi
concesserunt
antecessores
mei
Nicolaus
&
Alexander
.
The
investing
made
by
Pope
Gregory
.
De
illa
autem
terra
quam
injuste
tenes
,
Salernum
dico
,
&
Amalsim
,
&
partem
Marchiae
Firmanae
,
nunc
te
putienter
sustin●o
in
considentia
Dei
omnipotentis
,
&
tuae
bonitatis
,
ut
tu
postea
ad
honorem
S.
Petri
ita
te
geras
,
sicut
&
te
gerere
,
&
me
suscipere
decet
sine
periculo
animae
tuae
,
&
meae
.
Presently
Ruberto
answered
in
this
manner
,
Ego
Robertus
Dux
ad
confirmationem
traditionis
,
&
recognitionem
fidelitatis
,
de
omni
terra
,
quam
ego
teneo
propriè
sub
Domino
meo
,
promitto
,
me
quotannis
pro
unoquoque
jugo
boum
pensionem
duodecim
denariorum
Papiensium
soluturum
B.
Petro
,
&
tibi
Domino
meo
Gregorio
Pontifici
,
&
omnibus
successoribus
tuis
,
aut
tuis
,
aut
successorum
tuorum
nunciis
,
ubi
dies
Sanctae
Domini
Resurrectionis
advenerit
.
Within
a
while
after
the
Emperor
Henry
begirt
Pope
Gregory
with
a
very
dangerous
siege
,
the
which
Guis●ardo
understood
,
being
in
Grecia
with
one
part
of
his
Army
,
leaving
the
other
to
his
son
Boemund
,
came
with
all
celerity
to
relieve
the
Pope
,
and
entring
in
by
the
port
del
popolo
,
drove
the
Emperor
away
by
force
,
Ruberto
delivereth
Pope
Gregory
being
besieged
.
&
deliver'd
the
Pope
from
the
siege
,
and
conveyed
him
to
Montecasino
,
and
afterward
to
Salerno
,
where
he
liv'd
the
remnant
of
his
life
.
Guiscard
afterward
returned
to
his
enterprises
beyond
the
sea
,
where
having
done
many
worthy
exploits
beseeming
a
most
valiant
Prince
,
died
in
Corfu
of
Grecia
the
year
of
our
Lord
1085.
in
the
month
of
Iuly
,
being
62
years
of
age
,
his
body
was
afterward
conveyed
into
Italy
,
and
buried
in
the
City
of
Venosa
in
Apulia
.
Ruberto
was
of
a
high
spirit
,
provident
,
The
death
of
Duke
Ruberto
Guiscardo
an.
1085.
and
very
ingenious
,
whereupon
he
was
called
by
the
Normans
for
his
sirname
,
Guiscardo
,
which
signifieth
subtile
and
witty
.
He
had
successively
three
wives
,
the
first
was
Albereda
,
sister
to
the
Prince
of
Capoa
,
which
brought
him
Ruberto
,
who
died
young
,
and
Boemundo
.
Sigelaica
his
second
wife
,
sister
to
the
Prince
of
Salerno
,
by
whom
he
had
Ruggieri
,
Sivardo
,
and
Eria
.
Of
his
third
wife
,
named
Isabella
,
the
daughter
of
Vgone
,
the
first
of
this
name
,
King
of
Cypris
,
he
had
not
any
child
.
After
the
death
of
Ruberto
,
Boemundo
his
eldest
son
was
altogether
imployed
in
the
war
which
he
had
in
Grecia
;
in
the
mean
time
Ruggiero
his
younger
brother
,
with
great
cunning
,
Ruggieri
the
Norman
,
Duke
of
Apulia
and
Calauria
.
took
upon
him
the
Government
of
the
Dukedom
of
Apulia
and
Calauria
,
and
obtained
of
Pope
Vrban
the
second
,
the
confirmation
of
the
State
,
in
the
Councel
which
was
held
in
the
City
of
Troia
,
the
which
Boemund
understanding
,
came
with
his
Army
to
drive
him
away
;
but
forune
offered
him
the
opportunity
of
a
more
glorious
enterprise
,
forsomuch
as
in
he
Councel
held
in
France
,
in
Chiaromonte
of
Alvernia
,
the
voyage
beyond
the
Sea
to
recover
the
Sepulchre
of
Christ
from
the
hands
of
the
infidels
was
made
manifest
,
whether
went
so
many
Christian
Barons
,
French
,
Germans
,
and
Englishmen
;
Boemond
being
of
a
generous
mind
,
and
full
of
magnanimity
,
animated
by
emulation
of
the
glory
of
so
many
honourable
men
which
went
in
this
noble
enterprise
,
leaving
all
things
to
his
brother
,
went
with
these
to
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
,
where
having
streightly
besieged
Antiochia
,
took
it
,
and
was
therefore
by
the
general
consent
of
the
Army
,
Boemund
created
Prince
of
Antiochia
.
for
that
enterprise
,
made
Prince
,
and
Earl
of
Tripoli
:
he
afterward
married
Constance
,
the
eldest
daughter
of
Philip
King
of
France
,
which
brought
him
a
son
named
Boemund
,
which
succeeded
in
the
said
Principality
.
But
returning
to
Ruggieri
,
who
having
held
the
Dukedom
of
Calauria
and
Apulia
25
years
,
Ruggieri
died
in
the
year
1110.
William
the
Norman
,
Duke
of
Apulia
and
Calauria
in
the
year
111●
.
Ruggieri
,
Count
of
Sicilia
,
the
son
of
Ruggieri
Bosso
,
possesseth
the
Dukedom
of
Puglia
and
Calauria
.
An.
1123.
The
death
of
Duke
William
.
died
in
the
year
1110.
and
left
William
his
eldest
son
,
his
heir
,
born
of
Adelandra
his
wife
,
daughter
of
Robert
Frisone
Earl
of
Flanders
.
This
Duke
William
peaceably
possest
his
State
,
and
made
Pope
Galasio
his
special
friend
,
by
whom
he
was
invested
in
the
said
Dukedome
of
Apulia
and
Calauria
in
the
year
1118.
The
year
following
the
Duke
thinking
to
marry
the
daughter
of
Iohn
Comneno
,
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
being
promised
unto
him
,
imbarked
himself
to
go
thither
,
and
committing
the
tuition
of
his
State
to
Pope
Calisto
the
second
.
In
the
mean
time
the
year
1123.
Ruggieri
Earl
of
Sicilia
his
Nephew
,
the
sonne
of
the
aforesaid
Ruggieri
Bosso
,
following
so
fit
an
oportunity
,
nothing
esteeming
the
Pope
,
invaded
Calauria
,
and
before
the
Pope
could
well
bethink
himself
how
to
relieve
it
,
he
had
got
the
possession
of
all
Calauria
and
Apulia
.
The
Duke
William
being
deceived
,
and
returned
without
his
wife
,
retired
himself
to
the
Prince
of
Salerno
his
kinsman
,
where
not
long
after
,
without
leaving
any
issue
,
he
died
in
the
year
1127.
The
Kings
of
NAPLES
.
Ruggieri
1.
King
of
Naples
.
RVGGIERI
by
force
of
arms
,
and
by
the
right
of
inheritance
,
being
Lord
of
so
great
a
State
,
An
11●8
.
with
whose
power
the
Pope
Honorius
the
second
being
not
able
to
contend
,
made
peace
with
him
,
and
received
of
him
an
Oath
of
Loyalty
and
homage
,
and
so
created
him
Duke
of
Apulia
and
Calauria
.
The
said
Act
was
solemnly
done
and
registred
in
Troia
,
a
City
of
Puglia
,
in
the
year
1128.
Ruggieri
entituleth
himself
King
of
Italy
.
Afterward
Ruggieri
began
War
with
the
Prince
of
Capoa
,
and
so
afflicted
him
,
that
in
the
end
he
usurped
his
Principality
,
but
growing
proud
with
this
great
prosperity
,
would
be
no
longer
called
Duke
of
Apulia
and
Calauria
,
and
Earl
of
Sicilia
,
Innocent
the
●
warreth
upon
Ruggieri
.
but
entituled
himself
King
of
Italy
;
the
which
thing
Honorius
seemed
to
dissemble
;
but
Innocentio
the
second
which
succeeded
him
,
could
not
by
any
means
indure
,
being
moved
with
rage
,
without
measuring
otherwise
his
strength
,
Duke
Ruggieri
besieged
in
the
Castle
Galluccio
.
Ruggieri
delivered
from
the
siege
.
raised
a
sudden
tumultuous
Army
,
and
with
all
expedition
and
violence
came
against
Ruggieri
,
which
knew
nothing
of
that
preparation
,
that
he
chaced
him
from
St.
Germano
,
and
through
all
the
Country
of
Abadia
,
and
besieged
him
being
within
the
Castle
Galluccio
,
above
Sessa
,
where
flying
,
was
forced
to
retire
back
again
.
The
other
William
,
son
of
the
besieged
Ruggieri
understanding
thereof
,
with
great
celerity
came
to
relieve
his
father
,
and
did
a
very
admirable
exploit
,
in
breaking
their
forces
,
and
taking
the
Pope
prisoner
,
with
many
Cardinals
,
The
City
of
Naples
given
by
the
Bishop
to
Duke
Ruggieri
.
and
at
the
same
instant
delivering
his
father
from
the
siege
.
Ruggieri
through
his
great
courtesie
and
reverence
used
to
the
Pope
,
obtained
without
the
Title
of
King
,
particularly
the
City
of
Naples
,
which
till
this
time
had
been
under
the
Greek
Empire
.
Ruggieri
perceiving
the
good
will
of
the
Neopolitans
,
created
150
Knights
.
Innocentio
being
set
at
liberty
,
returned
to
Rome
,
and
found
that
in
his
absence
had
been
created
one
Pietro
an
Ante-Pope
,
the
son
of
Pier
Leone
,
a
very
powerfull
and
factious
Citizen
of
Rome
,
which
was
called
Anacleto
the
second
.
Ruggieri
created
King
of
both
the
Ci●ilies
An
▪
1130.
Innocentio
having
no
doubt
thereof
,
with
the
help
of
the
Pisani
,
past
into
France
.
Ruggieri
went
to
Benevento
,
and
visited
Anacleto
,
and
obtained
the
Title
and
Crown
of
King
of
both
the
Sicilies
,
which
was
done
the
25
of
Iuly
1130.
and
was
the
first
that
in
this
part
of
Italy
had
the
Title
of
King
,
Sig●nius
in
his
●
book
of
Histories
An
1130.
and
was
made
a
Liegeman
and
Vassal
of
the
Church
,
:
the
which
Instalment
(
as
Sigonius
noteth
)
was
the
same
that
the
aforesaid
Pope
Innocentio
afterward
confirmed
in
the
year
1139.
declaring
him
lawfull
King
of
Sicilia
,
Duke
of
Apulia
and
Calauria
,
and
Prince
of
Capoa
▪
The
death
of
King
Ruggieri
,
anno
1153.
Ruggieri
having
performed
many
noble
enterprises
,
died
in
the
year
1153.
being
59
years
of
age
,
his
body
was
laid
in
a
Costly
and
stately
Tomb
of
Porphery
in
the
Church
of
Monreale
of
Palermo
,
where
these
Verses
are
ingraven
,
Si
fastus
homines
,
si
regna
,
&
slemmata
ludunt
,
Non
legum
,
&
recti
sit
norma
Rogerius
ist
is
Est
lusus
rebus
,
comite
à
quo
nomine
natus
Virtutem
his
splendor
situs
diademàque
Regum
,
Vixit
ann.
LIX
.
Regnavit
an
.
XXIII
.
Menses
V.
obiit
an
.
MCLII
.
Ruggieri
had
four
wives
,
the
first
was
Airolda
,
the
daughter
of
the
Earl
of
Caserta
;
the
second
was
called
Albira
,
daughter
of
the
King
of
Spain
;
the
third
named
Sibilla
,
sister
of
the
Duke
of
Burgony
;
the
fourth
was
called
Bettrice
,
which
was
the
daughter
of
the
Earl
of
Resta
;
of
his
two
first
wives
he
had
not
any
children
,
Sibilla
brought
him
Ruggieri
,
which
was
Duke
of
Apulia
and
Amalso
,
and
Guglielmo
which
was
Prince
of
Capoa
and
Salerno
,
which
died
both
in
their
fathers
time
.
Of
Bettrice
his
last
wife
he
had
William
,
Prince
of
Taranto
,
which
was
afterward
King
of
Naples
,
and
a
daughter
named
Constance
,
who
by
the
advice
and
Councel
of
the
Abbot
Giachimo
Calaures
,
the
King
put
her
into
a
religious
house
of
Nuns
.
He
had
a
base
son
called
Tancredi
,
who
was
Earl
of
Leccie
,
and
King
of
Naples
.
William
the
wicked
,
the
2.
King
of
Naples
.
WILLIAM
,
called
by
his
sirname
the
wicked
William
,
the
first
begotten
son
of
Ruggiero
his
father
,
An.
1153.
William
excommunicated
by
Adrian
the
4.
succeeded
in
the
Kingdom
,
and
in
the
beginning
of
his
State
usurped
by
force
of
arms
Ceperano
with
the
Suburbs
of
Benevento
,
and
Banco
,
with
other
places
belonging
to
the
Church
;
for
which
cause
he
was
excommunicated
by
Pope
Adrian
the
fourth
,
and
deprived
also
of
the
title
of
King
,
and
discharged
his
subjects
of
their
obedience
towards
him
.
William
conceiving
a
most
violent
hatred
against
the
Pope
,
raised
a
mighty
Army
with
a
purpose
to
go
for
Rome
,
but
being
for
his
perverse
nature
hated
of
his
Barons
,
many
of
them
rebeld
against
him
,
and
called
the
Pope
into
the
Kingdom
.
The
Pope
is
called
into
the
Kingdom
.
The
which
was
the
occasion
that
William
changed
his
purpose
,
and
converted
his
fury
against
the
Prince
of
Capoa
which
had
been
the
Author
of
that
conspiracy
.
The
Pope
which
saw
all
the
Kingdom
in
Arms
,
with
admirable
celerity
made
a
mighty
Army
pass
to
Benevento
,
and
without
any
resistance
took
a
great
part
of
the
Kingdom
,
by
the
which
victory
the
Barons
which
called
him
,
did
swear
unto
him
loyalty
and
homage
.
William
understanding
that
Emanuel
,
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
and
Frederick
Barbarossa
,
the
first
Emperor
of
Germany
,
made
expedition
to
aid
the
Pope
,
therefore
he
thought
it
his
best
way
to
be
reconciled
with
the
Church
,
sent
an
honourable
Ambassage
to
the
Pope
,
wherein
much
humbling
himself
,
desired
to
be
restored
to
the
grace
and
favour
of
the
Church
,
and
possession
of
his
Kingdom
,
and
promised
to
restore
whatsoever
he
wrongfully
detained
from
the
Church
.
William
maketh
peace
with
the
Pope
The
Pope
willing
to
extinguish
the
War
,
went
to
Benevento
,
and
expected
William
,
who
prostrate
at
the
Popes
feet
,
desired
absolution
,
and
took
an
Oath
of
Loyalty
and
homage
,
and
first
restoring
whatsoever
he
had
taken
from
the
Church
,
was
invested
in
the
Kingdom
the
year
1156.
William
afterward
lived
alwaies
in
peace
with
the
Church
,
but
was
ever
much
troubled
and
molested
by
his
Barons
,
and
hated
of
the
people
,
and
sirnamed
for
his
evil
conditions
,
William
the
wicked
.
He
departed
this
life
the
year
of
our
Lord
1167.
and
lived
47
years
,
and
in
the
principal
Church
of
Palermo
,
near
his
fathers
Tomb
was
buried
.
He
had
by
his
wife
Margarite
the
daughter
of
Garzia
,
the
second
King
of
Navar
,
Ruggieri
,
Anno
1156.
which
was
proclaimed
King
by
the
Sicilians
.
William
Prince
of
Taranto
,
which
succeeding
in
the
Kingdom
,
was
called
William
the
good
,
and
Henry
Prince
of
Capoa
.
William
the
good
,
3.
King
of
Naples
.
WILLIAM
Prince
of
Taranto
,
called
the
good
,
as
differing
from
his
father
,
was
after
his
death
Crowned
King
at
eleven
years
of
age
,
Anno
1167.
and
presently
pardoned
all
those
which
had
been
Rebels
to
his
father
,
and
took
away
all
the
grievances
imposed
by
him
upon
the
people
;
defended
alwaies
the
affairs
of
the
Roman
Church
,
against
whosoever
sought
to
molest
it
;
and
especially
in
the
time
when
the
Emperor
Frederick
Barbarossa
strongly
besieged
Pope
Alexander
the
3
:
within
Anagni
.
Whereupon
Alexander
ignorant
of
the
coming
of
William
,
not
only
with
great
courage
and
stoutness
maintained
the
Pontifical
dignity
,
but
many
times
foiled
the
Imperial
Army
.
But
being
afterward
perswaded
by
Philip
King
of
France
to
retire
with
his
honour
from
the
said
siege
,
had
from
King
William
a
Gally
,
which
for
that
purpose
he
had
secretly
sent
,
wherein
he
being
imbarked
with
certain
of
his
Cardinals
,
went
to
Clarimont
in
France
,
for
his
better
security
,
where
he
excommunicated
and
deprived
the
said
Frederick
of
the
Empire
,
and
aggravated
likewise
the
censure
against
Octavian
the
false
usurping
Pope
.
William
strongly
armed
himself
both
for
Sea
and
Land
against
Andronico
the
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
for
the
injuries
done
in
Italy
.
He
afterward
defended
the
City
of
Tire
,
and
with
his
Navy
foiled
the
Forces
of
Salandine
,
and
afterward
cleared
the
Sea
from
Rovers
:
And
this
good
King
having
honourably
ended
all
his
actions
,
after
he
had
reigned
21
years
,
and
lived
32.
died
in
Palermo
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
1188.
his
body
with
great
honour
,
Ione
his
wife
,
sister
to
King
Richard
of
England
,
caused
to
be
laid
in
a
Tomb
of
Marble
,
curiously
wrought
and
embossed
,
upon
which
caused
this
inscription
to
be
ingraven
.
Hic
situs
est
bonus
Rex
Gulielmus
:
The
said
Sepulchre
being
ruinated
and
spoiled
through
the
injury
of
time
,
hath
newly
been
very
magnificently
repaired
and
renewed
with
fair
Marble
by
the
Archbishop
of
Torres
,
where
this
new
Epitaph
is
to
be
read
.
In●lita
quas
verbis
,
sapientum
turba
recenset
Virtutes
solus
factis
,
hic
praestitit
omnes
,
Egregius
quare
bonus
est
cognomine
dictus
Vtque
bonus
magno
longe
est
praestantior
illo
.
Major
Alexandro
sic
Rex
Guillielmus
habetur
,
Artibus
ipse
etenim
pacis
,
bellique
fuisti
,
Clarus
,
ut
semper
justa
,
ac
pia
bella
gerebas
,
Sic
quoque
laeta
tibi
semper
victoria
parata
est
:
Et
nunc
ne
vilis
,
jaceas
Rex
optime
,
praesul
,
Te
decurat
tumulo
hoc
Ludovicus
Torrius
Hoc
ipso
in
templo
quod
tu
Guillelme
dicasti
.
Tancred
the
4.
King
of
Naples
.
TANCRED
Earl
of
Leccie
,
the
natural
son
of
King
Ruggieri
,
Anno
1138.
and
Unkle
to
the
good
William
,
was
by
the
death
of
his
Nephew
,
which
had
not
any
child
,
created
King
of
both
the
Sicilies
in
the
year
1188
:
Pope
Celestine
the
third
being
desirous
to
bring
the
Kingdom
under
the
jurisdiction
of
the
Church
,
Henry
the
6.
Emperor
,
by
some
called
the
5.
Constance
a
nun
,
given
for
wise
to
the
Emperor
,
Henry
the
6.
The
coronation
of
the
Emperor
Henry
,
&
Constance
,
an.
11●1
.
●●ples
besieged
.
The
death
of
Ruggieri
,
the
son
of
King
Tancred
.
as
feuditory
of
the
Apostolick
Sea
,
invested
in
the
year
1191.
Henry
the
sixth
Emperor
,
the
son
of
Frederick
Barbarossa
,
with
these
conditions
,
That
he
should
recover
at
his
own
charge
the
Kingdom
of
the
two
Sicilies
,
with
acknowledging
the
Church
,
and
to
pay
the
accustomed
Tribute
;
and
to
the
end
it
might
seem
more
colourable
,
and
be
the
better
done
,
he
gave
under
a
pretence
of
Inheritance
,
as
a
dowry
for
his
wife
Constance
,
the
lawfull
and
natural
daughter
of
the
aforesaid
Ruggieri
,
whom
secretly
he
caused
to
be
brought
from
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Palermo
,
from
the
Monastery
of
St.
Mary
,
in
the
City
aforesaid
,
where
she
was
Abesse
,
being
now
52
years
of
age
,
very
unfit
for
the
procreation
of
children
,
dispensing
with
her
,
although
she
had
been
a
profest
Nun
,
and
Crowned
them
in
Rome
,
of
both
the
Sicilies
in
the
year
1191.
The
first
thing
then
which
Henry
did
,
he
went
to
besiege
Naples
;
but
in
the
beginning
of
the
third
month
,
the
Plague
growing
very
hot
,
he
returned
into
Germany
without
any
more
adoe
.
The
Emperors
Army
being
departed
Italy
,
Tancred
having
recovered
his
Kingdom
at
the
same
time
,
among
these
affairs
,
his
son
Ruggieri
died
,
which
was
also
Crowned
and
proclaimed
King
,
and
had
married
Irene
,
King
Tancred
died
in
the
year
1194.
the
daughter
of
the
Emperor
Isacio
;
and
within
a
little
while
after
him
,
Tancred
his
father
,
conceiving
so
passionately
the
death
of
his
son
,
growing
grievously
sick
,
died
.
His
body
was
buried
in
the
principal
Church
of
Palermo
,
and
in
the
same
Tomb
they
laid
his
son
Ruggieri
.
Tancred
departed
this
life
in
the
end
of
the
month
of
December
,
the
year
of
our
Lord
1194.
having
reigned
little
more
then
eight
years
.
He
left
behind
him
three
daughters
,
and
one
son
called
William
,
The
wife
and
children
of
Tancred
.
whom
Sibilla
his
mother
caused
instantly
to
be
crowned
King
of
Sicilia
.
The
Emperor
Henry
understanding
of
the
death
of
Tancred
,
pretending
that
the
Kingdom
appertained
to
him
,
The
Emperor
Henry
entreth
the
Kingdom
,
and
taketh
it
.
as
before
is
recited
,
returned
from
Germany
in
the
year
1195.
and
with
a
mighty
Army
entred
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
which
he
finding
full
of
civil
discord
,
easily
obtained
without
the
loss
of
much
bloud
,
and
took
prisoner
Magarito
,
King
of
Albania
,
which
was
come
thither
in
the
aid
of
Tancred
.
He
had
afterward
Sibilla
in
his
hands
,
the
late
wife
of
Tancred
,
The
wife
and
children
of
Tancred
made
prisoners
.
together
with
his
son
William
,
and
three
daughters
,
that
is
to
say
Alteria
,
Constanza
,
and
Modonia
,
and
sent
them
all
prisoners
into
Germany
,
and
afterward
caused
William
to
be
gelded
,
to
the
end
he
should
be
unable
to
beget
children
,
and
afterward
blinded
him
,
and
then
released
the
said
daughters
.
Alteria
was
married
to
the
Earl
Gualtiero
of
Brenna
,
son
of
the
Earl
Girardo
of
Brenna
,
and
brother
of
Iohn
of
Brenna
,
which
was
afterward
King
of
Ierusalem
.
Modonia
was
married
with
Iohn
Sforza
,
Frangipane
,
a
Roman
Lord
,
which
was
Earl
of
Tricarico
.
Constanza
was
the
wife
of
Pietro
Ziano
,
Earl
of
Arba
,
and
Duke
of
Venice
,
who
being
old
,
with
the
consent
of
his
said
wife
,
became
a
Munk
of
the
Order
of
St.
Benedict
,
which
was
in
the
year
1229.
Thus
ended
the
ancient
and
noble
masculin
race
of
the
Norman
Guiscards
,
in
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
and
Sicilia
,
which
from
the
time
of
William
Ferabach
continued
188
years
,
and
governed
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
and
Sicilia
,
with
much
honour
and
renown
.
SVEVI
.
Henry
the
Suevian
,
sixth
Emperor
,
and
fifth
King
of
Naples
.
HENRY
the
Emperor
having
extinguished
the
male-issue
and
progeny
of
the
Normans
,
Anno
1195.
and
remained
absolute
Lord
of
both
the
Sicilies
,
caused
Frederick
his
son
to
be
Crowned
by
the
Electors
of
the
Empire
,
King
of
Germany
.
Afterward
purposing
better
to
establish
the
affairs
of
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
sent
thither
a
Lieutenant
one
of
his
Barons
called
Marqueredo
d'
Amenueder
,
whom
within
a
few
months
following
he
created
Duke
of
Ravenna
,
and
Romagna
,
and
Marquiss
of
Ancona
;
and
at
the
same
time
gave
to
Philip
Duke
of
Suevia
his
brother
,
the
Dukedom
of
Toscane
,
with
the
Lands
of
the
Countess
Mattilda
.
So
Henry
being
carefull
to
range
his
Army
to
invade
England
,
for
certain
hatreds
conceived
against
Richard
the
first
King
of
that
Land
,
altered
his
mind
in
Messina
,
through
his
delight
in
hunting
,
being
in
the
time
of
Harvest
,
whereupon
the
Feaver
growing
grievously
upon
him
,
ended
his
life
the
8
of
May
,
in
the
year
1197
having
ruled
the
Empire
9
years
,
Henry
the
Emperor
〈◊〉
in
the
year
1197.
and
governed
in
peaceable
possession
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
and
Sicilia
four
years
and
one
month
.
His
body
with
the
stately
pomp
of
solemn
obsequies
,
was
buried
in
the
Church
of
Monreale
in
Palermo
,
in
whose
sumptuous
Tumb
of
Porphyrie
is
ingraven
this
Epitaph
.
Imperio
adjecit
Siculos
Henricus
utrosque
,
Sextus
Suevorum
candida
progenies
.
Qui
monacham
sacris
uxoris
duxit
ab
aris
,
Pontificis
scriptis
hic
tumulatus
inest
Imperavit
an.
9
men
.
1.
obiit
Messanae
Anno
1197.
Frederick
2.
Emperor
,
and
6.
King
of
Naples
.
FREDERICK
the
second
Emperor
,
the
son
of
the
aforesaid
Henry
,
succeeded
in
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
and
Sicilia
,
and
because
he
was
a
child
,
An.
1197.
The
coronation
of
Frederick
the
2
Emperor
,
an.
1198.
and
but
three
years
of
age
,
Constanza
his
mother
,
caused
him
to
be
Crowned
King
of
both
the
Sicilies
,
and
with
him
,
in
his
name
began
to
govern
the
Kingdom
,
and
had
the
enstalment
of
the
Kingdom
from
Pope
Innocent
the
third
,
in
the
year
1198.
Frederick
being
of
perfect
age
,
married
Iola
,
the
only
daughter
of
Iohn
Count
of
Brenna
,
and
of
Mary
the
daughter
of
King
Conrado
of
Montferrato
,
and
for
her
dowry
among
other
things
,
had
the
title
and
the
right
of
the
Kingdom
of
Ierusalem
,
and
hereupon
Frederick
,
and
all
the
rest
which
succeeded
in
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
were
called
Kings
of
Ierusalem
.
Why
the
Kings
of
Naples
are
intitled
Kings
of
Ierusalem
,
Anno
1220.
In
the
year
1220.
two
years
after
his
Coronation
of
the
Empire
,
Frederick
being
in
grace
and
favour
with
the
Pope
Honorius
the
third
,
and
with
the
Church
,
made
and
published
in
Rome
that
Law
which
beginneth
,
Ad
decus
seu
nos
Fredericus
,
the
which
Law
is
registred
in
the
book
of
the
feuds
,
under
the
Title
De
statutis
,
&
consuetudinibus
contra
libertatem
Ecclesiarum
,
the
which
Law
the
said
Pope
confirmed
and
approved
.
A
Law
made
by
Frederick
.
Frederick
also
made
at
the
same
time
the
constitutions
of
the
Kingdom
,
which
afterward
the
learned
Doctor
Afflitto
expounded
.
Frederick
having
ordered
his
affairs
in
Germany
,
went
in
the
time
of
Gregory
the
9
into
Soria
,
Frederick
the
Emperor
crowned
King
of
Ierusalem
,
An.
1229.
and
after
much
wars
,
made
peace
with
Salandine
for
10
years
,
and
for
that
cause
had
Ierusalem
,
and
all
the
Kingdom
thereof
,
except
a
few
certain
Castles
,
whereupon
on
Easterday
in
the
year
1229.
he
took
the
Crown
of
that
Kingdom
in
the
City
of
Ierusalem
.
Afterward
there
grew
between
him
and
Pope
Honorius
great
discord
,
because
he
took
upon
him
to
bestow
the
Bishopricks
in
Sicilia
,
and
Frederick
pretending
he
might
lawfully
do
it
,
and
dispose
at
his
own
pleasure
by
reason
of
a
Bull
,
Discord
between
the
Pope
and
the
Emperor
Frederick
.
which
by
Pope
Vrban
the
second
was
granted
to
Ruggieri
the
Norman
,
concerning
the
Monarchy
of
the
said
Isle
,
the
Pope
misliking
the
presumption
and
ostentation
of
Frederick
,
excommunicated
him
,
and
deprived
him
of
the
Empire
and
the
Kingdom
,
the
which
censure
Pope
Innocent
the
fourth
confirmed
in
the
year
1245.
Frederick
lived
five
years
after
in
continual
trouble
and
vexation
,
and
at
length
having
ruled
the
Empire
33
years
,
and
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
and
Sicilia
51.
and
that
of
Ierusalem
28.
died
of
an
infirmity
that
grew
in
his
throat
,
the
13
of
December
,
in
the
year
1250.
in
the
Castle
of
F●orentino
in
Apulia
,
having
lived
54
years
.
The
death
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
.
Manfred
his
base
son
caused
his
body
to
be
carried
with
great
pomp
and
honour
into
Sicilia
,
to
the
stately
Church
of
Monreale
in
Palermo
,
and
there
buried
him
in
a
sumptuous
Tomb
of
Porphiry
,
whereupon
these
Verses
were
ingraven
.
Qui
mare
,
qui
terras
,
populos
,
&
regna
subegit
,
Caesareum
fregit
subito
mors
improba
nomen
,
Sic
jacet
,
ut
cernis
Fredericus
in
orbe
secundus
,
Nunc
lapis
hic
totus
,
cui
mundus
parvit
arcet
.
Vixit
an
.
54.
Imperavit
an
.
33.
Regni
Hierusalem
an
.
28.
Regnorum
utriusque
Siciliae
5
●
.
Oblit
an
.
Domini
1250.
He
left
of
six
wives
which
he
had
,
many
children
;
of
the
first
,
which
was
Constance
of
Aragon
,
The
wife
and
children
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
.
the
sister
(
or
as
others
write
)
the
daughter
of
Don
Ferdinando
King
of
Castile
,
he
had
Conrado
,
which
died
young
.
Henry
and
Giordiano
;
Henry
was
King
of
the
Romans
,
who
in
the
year
1236.
he
put
to
death
because
he
favoured
the
Popes
faction
.
Of
Iola
his
second
wife
,
the
daughter
of
Iohn
of
Brenna
King
of
Ierusalem
,
he
had
Conrado
,
which
was
Emperor
of
Germany
,
and
afterward
King
of
Naples
.
Of
Agnese
his
third
wife
,
the
daughter
of
Otho
Duke
of
Moravia
,
he
had
not
any
children
.
Of
Ruthina
the
fourth
wife
,
the
daughter
of
Otho
Earl
of
Wolfferzhausen
,
he
had
Frederick
,
which
died
in
his
infancy
.
Of
Elizabeth
his
fift
wife
,
the
daughter
of
Lewis
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
he
had
Agnese
,
which
was
married
to
Conrado
the
Landtgrave
of
Turingia
.
Of
Matilda
his
last
wife
,
daughter
of
Iohn
of
England
,
he
had
Henry
,
which
was
King
of
Sicilia
,
and
Constance
,
who
was
married
to
Lewis
the
Landtgrave
of
Nescia
;
Frederick
had
also
by
Blanca
Anglana
of
Aquosana
his
concubine
,
these
children
,
Manfred
Prince
of
Taranto
,
and
usurper
of
Naples
,
Enzo
King
of
Sardinia
,
Anfisio
,
of
whom
he
made
small
account
,
and
Frederick
Prince
of
Antiochia
.
Of
daughters
he
had
Ann
,
which
was
married
very
young
to
Iohn
Dispote
of
Romania
.
The
natural
children
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
.
Of
Henry
,
and
of
Margarite
the
daughter
of
Lupoldo
Duke
of
Austria
,
was
born
Frederick
,
which
was
Duke
of
Austria
,
and
Henry
.
Of
Conrado
and
of
Elizabeth
the
daughter
of
Otho
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
came
Coradine
,
which
coming
to
the
conquest
of
the
Kingdom
,
was
taken
by
Charls
of
Angio
King
of
Naples
,
and
beheaded
.
Of
Manfred
his
natural
son
,
which
married
Helena
the
daughter
of
Michel
Dispote
of
Romania
,
came
Henry
,
Godfrey
,
Aufisio
,
and
Elena
.
Conrado
the
4.
Emperor
,
and
7.
King
of
Naples
.
CONRADO
the
son
of
Frederick
understanding
the
death
of
his
father
,
Anno
1251.
came
with
a
great
Army
into
the
Kingdom
,
and
was
received
with
great
joy
and
honour
by
Manfred
,
in
Barletta
of
Apuglia
;
and
being
informed
that
Naples
,
Capoa
Aquino
,
and
the
whole
Abby
of
St.
Germano
,
were
become
Rebels
through
the
instigation
of
the
Earl
of
Caserta
,
and
dinoted
to
the
Church
,
conceived
thereat
so
great
indignation
and
ire
,
that
with
his
Army
he
wasted
and
overrun
the
Country
,
and
made
Tomaso
Earl
of
Cerra
to
come
and
submit
himself
to
his
mercy
,
and
had
by
agre●ment
St.
Germano
,
and
all
the
State
of
the
Earl
of
Caserta
.
He
afterward
besieged
Capoa
,
and
having
spoiled
and
destroyed
all
the
Country
,
took
the
City
,
and
threw
the
Walls
thereof
to
the
ground
:
he
did
the
like
to
Aquino
,
the
which
he
sacked
and
burned
.
Capoa
,
Naples
,
and
Aquino
t●ken
by
the
Emperor
Conrado
.
Afterward
he
besieged
Naples
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
and
after
eight
months
had
it
by
agreement
;
but
they
not
observing
their
Covenants
,
he
caused
afterward
the
Walls
to
be
ruinated
,
and
the
Fortresses
of
the
City
,
and
many
Noble
houses
of
Gentlemen
and
Citizens
he
banished
.
Conrado
having
Naples
,
at
the
same
instant
had
the
rest
of
the
Kingdom
.
He
now
remaining
in
peaceable
state
,
and
given
to
his
pleasures
,
being
inhumane
and
of
a
cruel
nature
,
caused
Henry
his
Nephew
to
be
slain
upon
the
high-way
,
the
son
of
Henry
,
Henry
slain
.
King
of
the
Romans
,
which
was
come
from
Sicilia
to
visit
him
.
But
that
revenge
was
not
long
delayed
,
for
Manfred
his
natural
brother
,
which
endeavoured
by
all
means
to
become
King
,
with
a
poysoned
potion
upon
a
light
occasion
kil'd
him
,
which
was
in
the
year
1254.
and
the
3
of
Iune
,
having
held
the
Empire
3
years
and
5
months
,
the
death
of
Conrado
.
Anno
1254.
and
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
and
Sicilia
2
years
and
19
daies
.
His
body
was
buried
in
the
principal
Church
of
Naples
,
under
a
little
narrow
Marble
stone
.
Conrado
before
his
death
made
his
Will
,
and
ordained
his
youngest
son
his
heir
general
,
born
of
Elizabeth
the
daughter
of
Otho
Duke
of
Bavaria
.
Manfred
the
8
King
of
Naples
:
MANFRED
Prince
of
Taranto
,
An.
1263.
Anno
1295.
For
the
better
understanding
of
the
Reader
,
the
said
Bettrice
of
Aragon
was
the
daughter
of
Don
Raimondo
Berenguer
of
Aragon
,
Earl
of
Province
,
and
of
Bettrice
the
daughter
of
Thoma●
Earl
of
Savoy
,
which
was
married
with
Charls
of
Angio
.245
.
the
which
Bet●trice
as
the
eldest
of
all
the
other
sisters
,
inherited
the
said
Count
of
Province
.
Berenguer
is
as
much
as
to
say
Berengarius
in
Latine
,
and
was
a
name
of
honour
among
the
Spaniards
for
the
many
victories
which
the
most
valiant
Berenguer
obtained
.
the
natural
son
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
second
,
having
usurped
the
Kingdom
,
was
by
Pope
Alexander
the
fourth
excommunicated
.
The
said
Pope
died
within
a
while
after
,
and
Pope
Vrban
the
fourth
,
a
Frenchman
,
was
created
in
his
place
,
who
fearing
the
threatnings
of
Manfred
,
called
unto
the
conquest
of
the
Kingdom
Charls
of
Angio
,
Earl
of
Province
,
brother
of
St.
Lewis
the
9
King
of
France
,
to
whom
he
gave
the
oath
of
both
the
Sicilies
,
with
the
right
and
title
of
the
Kingdom
of
Ierusalem
,
and
at
his
own
charge
should
maintain
the
War
,
and
conquer
it
.
Charls
being
animated
by
his
brother
and
others
of
the
Nobility
,
with
a
valorus
courage
undertook
this
famous
enterprise
.
In
the
mean
time
Vrban
died
,
leaving
the
Papacy
to
Clement
the
4.
in
whose
Popedom
,
Charls
with
a
most
glorious
Army
came
to
Rome
in
the
year
1265.
and
was
then
with
Beatrice
Berenguer
of
Aragon
his
wife
,
in
the
Church
of
S.
Iohn
Lateran
,
by
Pope
Clement
again
invested
,
with
solemn
ceremony
,
and
Crowned
with
an
Imperial
Crown
,
King
of
both
the
Sicilies
,
and
of
the
Kingdom
of
Ierusalem
,
and
made
exempt
from
the
Empire
,
with
Covenant
that
neither
he
nor
his
successors
that
should
be
chosen
Emperors
,
should
by
any
means
accept
thereof
,
the
which
was
done
with
solemn
oath
,
and
so
Charls
was
made
a
Liegeman
and
Feudary
of
the
Church
,
and
promised
to
pay
for
tribute
a
yearly
Rent
of
40
thousand
mark●
to
the
Bishops
of
Rome
.
Charls
towards
the
end
of
February
in
the
year
1265.
came
into
the
Kingdom
,
and
incountred
with
Manfred
,
and
after
divers
fortunes
,
both
on
the
one
and
the
other
side
,
Charls
remained
conqueror
,
and
Manfred
was
overcome
.
Manfred
reigned
10
years
4
months
,
and
16
daies
.
ANGIOINI
.
Charls
of
Angio
,
the
9
King
of
Naples
.
CHARLS
remaining
Conqueror
,
was
received
by
the
Neopolitans
with
royal
pomp
,
and
proclaimed
King
,
and
having
ordered
the
affairs
of
both
the
Kingdoms
,
was
made
by
Clement
the
4.
Deputy
of
the
Empire
of
Italy
.
Understanding
afterward
that
Corradine
the
Suevian
,
Anno
1265.
the
son
of
the
Emperor
Conrado
,
sometime
King
of
Naples
,
was
come
with
a
mighty
Army
to
recover
the
right
of
inheritance
of
his
Kingdoms
,
made
great
preparation
of
War
.
Corradine
entreth
the
Kingdom
,
and
after
divers
and
sundry
skirmishes
,
at
length
Corradine
was
overcome
,
and
flying
disguised
,
was
taken
in
Asturi
by
Iohn
Francipane
Lord
of
that
place
,
which
sent
him
to
Charls
,
who
after
he
had
kept
him
more
then
a
year
in
prison
,
caused
him
to
be
beheaded
in
the
midst
of
the
Market-place
of
Naples
,
which
was
in
the
month
of
October
1269.
and
so
Charls
with
little
labour
recovered
all
the
Kingdom
.
He
made
afterward
great
Wars
with
the
Saracins
,
and
especially
with
Arageno
King
of
Tunis
,
because
that
barbarous
King
refused
to
pay
the
Tribute
,
which
was
accustomed
to
be
paid
to
the
Kings
of
Naples
,
Charls
did
in
such
wise
afflict
him
,
that
he
inforced
him
not
only
to
pay
the
charges
of
that
War
,
but
also
doubled
the
Tribute
.
In
the
year
following
,
1276.
Vgone
Lusignano
the
11
of
this
name
,
King
of
Cypress
,
and
Mary
the
daughter
of
Melisenda
,
and
of
Raimond
Rupini
,
Prince
of
Antiochia
,
contending
about
the
inheritance
of
the
Kingdom
of
Ierusalem
.
Mary
being
at
variance
with
Vgone
,
came
to
Rome
,
and
caused
the
said
King
Vgone
to
be
convented
before
the
Pope
;
the
Pope
by
his
decree
commanded
that
the
examination
and
decision
of
the
cause
should
be
determined
by
the
Barons
of
the
Holy
Land
,
and
the
Master
of
the
Hospital
and
the
Temple
,
who
were
accustomed
to
have
a
voice
in
Councel
in
the
election
of
the
Kings
of
Ierusalem
.
The
which
the
Princess
Mary
considering
,
being
a
woman
very
aged
▪
faint
,
and
wearied
with
travel
,
and
the
dangers
of
so
long
a
journey
,
being
advised
by
her
friends
▪
and
by
Pietro
Manso
knight
of
the
Temple
his
Ambassador
,
compounded
with
King
Charls
,
Mary
resigneth
to
King
Charls
the
Kingdom
of
Ierusalem
.
and
receiving
of
him
a
great
sum
of
money
,
resigned
all
her
right
and
Title
which
she
had
unto
the
said
Kingdom
.
Whereupon
Charls
afterward
by
means
of
the
Pope
,
obtained
a
favourable
sentence
,
and
was
declared
lawfull
and
absolute
King
of
that
Kingdom
,
as
well
by
the
ancient
right
of
F●ederick
,
as
also
by
that
of
Mary
.
Charls
afterward
for
the
more
security
of
things
,
See
the
Register
of
King
Charls
1.
of
the
year
1268
●●d
.
6.
li●era
A.
●ol.
55.
sent
the
Earl
Ruggiero
Sanseverino
Governor
into
Soria
,
who
in
the
name
of
Charls
,
received
the
faith
and
oathes
of
homage
of
the
Knights
and
Barons
which
were
in
the
kingdom
.
By
these
aforesaid
reasons
,
all
the
posterity
of
the
said
Charls
,
and
also
all
the
other
Kings
of
Naples
,
as
heirs
,
are
always
intitled
Kings
of
Ierusalem
.
Charls
reigned
19
years
,
2
moneths
,
and
26
days
.
Charls
the
second
,
10
King
of
Naples
.
CHarls
the
second
,
son
of
Charls
of
Angio
,
reigned
25
years
and
17
days
.
Charls
was
also
King
of
Hungary
by
the
right
of
Mary
his
wife
,
Anno
1285.
the
daughter
of
Stephen
,
the
5.
of
the
name
,
the
King
of
that
kingdom
,
who
being
slain
by
the
Cumani
,
Ladislao
the
fourth
son
of
the
aforesaid
Stephen
died
without
any
heir
.
Whereupon
Charls
,
as
husband
of
Mary
,
was
crowned
King
of
that
kingdom
,
together
with
Charls
Mart●l
his
son
.
Robert
11.
King
of
Naples
.
RObert
the
third
begotten
son
of
Charls
the
second
,
reigned
33
years
,
Anno
1309.
four
moneths
,
and
24
days
.
This
Robert
was
a
wise
and
prudent
King
,
he
made
honorable
wars
with
Henry
the
seventh
Emperour
,
with
Frederick
King
of
Sicilia
,
&
in
Tuscane
in
behalf
of
the
Florentines
,
where
in
the
famous
overthrow
of
Montecatino
,
between
the
Guelfi
and
Gibellini
,
he
lost
Philip
Prince
of
Taranto
,
and
Pietro
Earl
of
Graunia
his
brothers
.
He
sent
his
son
Charls
,
sirnamed
Without
land
,
against
Frederick
King
of
Sicilia
,
and
went
against
Castruccio
Castricani
the
head
of
the
Gibellini
in
the
time
that
the
dominion
of
Fiorenza
was
given
to
Charls
Without
land
.
Robert
was
a
religious
King
,
and
a
lover
of
the
learned
,
whereof
two
things
do
sufficiently
witnesse
;
the
marvellous
stately
Church
,
and
other
things
which
he
builded
in
Naples
,
and
the
great
familiarity
with
the
two
Tuscane
lights
of
learning
,
Petrarke
and
Boccace
had
with
him
.
Robert
died
the
20
of
Ianuary
,
1343.
Ioan
1.12
Queen
of
Naples
.
JOan
1.
of
this
name
,
Neece
to
Robert
,
and
daughter
of
Charles
Without
land
,
Anno
1343.
called
also
Famous
for
his
prowesse
and
valor
,
succeeding
in
the
kingdom
,
was
married
with
Andreasso
of
Hungary
,
her
Cousin
germain
once
removed
,
to
whom
she
gave
herself
and
kingdom
in
Dowry
.
But
afterward
she
being
not
able
to
endure
the
insolency
of
her
husband
,
oftentimes
falling
into
discord
,
caused
him
unawares
to
be
hanged
by
the
neck
in
a
Gallery
,
in
the
year
1346.
The
which
being
done
,
was
married
again
to
Lewis
the
son
of
Philip
Prince
of
Taranto
,
the
brother
of
King
Robert
.
After
whose
death
was
married
anew
with
Giac●mo
of
Aragon
,
the
Infant
of
Majorica
,
who
living
also
but
a
small
time
,
Joan
in
the
year
1376.
was
married
once
again
,
and
took
for
her
husband
Otho
of
Este
,
Duke
of
Brunswich
in
Saxonie
.
She
afterward
favouring
the
part
of
Clement
Antipope
,
was
by
the
censure
of
Vrban
the
sixth
deprived
of
her
kingdom
,
and
Charls
of
Durazzo
invested
therein
,
and
so
through
fear
she
adopted
for
her
son
Lewis
Duke
of
Angio
,
the
second
begotten
son
of
Iohn
King
of
France
.
Charles
of
Durazzo
being
come
with
a
most
puissant
Army
into
the
kingdom
,
had
Ione
in
his
power
,
and
caused
her
to
be
hanged
.
Ione
reigned
39.
years
4.
months
and
12.
days
.
DVRAZZO
.
Charls
the
3.
of
Durazzo
the
13
King
of
Naples
.
CHarls
of
Durazzo
,
the
third
of
this
name
,
King
of
Naples
,
Anno
1●81
.
remained
absolute
possessor
of
the
kingdom
;
he
had
great
wars
to
preserve
and
defend
it
,
and
especially
with
Lewis
of
Angio
:
And
being
afterward
called
into
Hungary
to
take
the
possession
of
that
kingdom
,
went
thither
,
and
was
solemnly
crowned
in
Alba
Reale
;
but
afterward
by
the
means
of
the
old
Queen
Elizabeth
,
was
kild
in
a
Parliament
,
which
was
in
the
year
1386.
Through
the
right
that
Charls
had
in
the
aforesaid
kingdom
,
all
his
successors
,
and
the
other
Kings
which
succeeded
in
the
kingdom
of
Naples
,
were
called
kings
of
Hungary
.
Charls
reigned
four
years
,
three
moneths
,
and
nine
dayes
.
Ladislao
the
fourteenth
King
of
Naples
.
LAdislao
after
the
death
of
his
father
had
great
troubles
by
Lewis
of
Angio.
Anno
1386.
In
the
year
1403.
being
requested
by
the
Barons
of
Hungary
to
take
the
Crown
of
that
kingdome
,
as
belonging
unto
him
by
lawfull
inheritance
,
went
thither
;
and
coming
to
Zara
,
was
received
with
great
joy
of
all
,
and
the
fifth
of
August
by
the
Bishop
of
Strigonia
(
according
to
the
accustomed
order
)
was
crowned
King
of
Hungaria
,
Dalmatia
,
Croatia
,
Servia
,
Galitia
,
Lodomeria
,
Comaria
,
and
Bulgaria
.
He
returned
into
Italy
,
and
after
he
had
setled
the
affairs
of
the
kingdom
,
being
desirous
to
enlarge
his
Dominion
,
dominiered
even
to
Rome
,
wherein
he
entred
in
triumphant
manner
,
being
called
with
the
cries
and
clamors
of
the
Soldiers
,
Emperour
of
Rome
,
which
was
the
25
of
Aprill
in
the
year
1408.
And
having
in
the
end
disquieted
Italy
,
and
himself
,
died
the
sixth
day
of
August
in
the
year
1484.
without
leaving
any
child
,
having
reigned
eight
and
twenty
years
,
eight
moneths
and
thirteen
days
.
Ione
2
,
15
Queen
of
Naples
.
JOne
the
second
of
this
name
,
after
the
death
of
Ladislao
her
brother
,
succeeded
in
the
Kingdom
.
Anno
1414
▪
But
growing
afterward
into
discord
with
Pope
Martin
the
5.
was
deprived
of
her
Kingdom
;
and
Lewis
the
3.
of
Angio
,
Duke
of
Lorain
and
Bar
,
the
son
of
the
second
Lewis
,
was
proclaimed
King
.
The
which
thing
was
the
only
foundation
and
ground
of
all
the
mischiefs
which
for
a
long
time
afterward
followed
to
the
miserable
and
unhappy
kingdom
.
This
Alfonsus
was
the
●
.
●f
that
name
K.
of
Aragon
and
〈…〉
in
the
history
of
the
Tu●ks
in
the
5.
Book
w●ites
that
that
K.
●lfonsus
of
Aragon
was
of
the
House
of
Med●na
.
For
the
Queen
was
constrained
,
being
not
able
to
defend
herself
against
the
power
of
Lewis
and
the
Pope
,
to
adopt
for
her
son
Alfonsus
King
of
Arragon
and
Sicilia
,
the
son
of
King
Ferdinando
.
Alfonsus
being
called
by
the
Queen
,
abandoned
the
assault
and
siege
of
the
Castle
of
Bonifatio
,
the
principal
Fort
,
and
of
greatest
importance
in
the
Isle
of
Corsica
,
and
provided
28
Gallies
well
furnished
,
and
other
Barks
,
and
led
with
him
many
valiant
Captains
,
and
came
to
Naples
in
the
year
1621.
Now
began
the
Queens
affairs
to
appear
,
which
before
was
trod
under
foot
,
and
to
change
countenance
;
and
what
through
counsel
,
courage
,
and
the
aid
of
King
Alfonsus
,
the
Queen
was
at
liberty
,
and
her
affairs
increased
with
much
reputation
.
But
the
year
following
,
1423
▪
the
Queen
growing
contentious
with
him
,
under
colour
of
ingratitude
,
sought
to
annihilate
and
disanull
the
said
adoption
,
Anno
1423.
and
adopted
for
her
son
,
calling
to
her
assistance
the
same
Lewis
,
thorow
whose
war
she
was
constrained
to
make
the
first
adoption
,
and
chased
away
Alfonsus
by
force
of
arms
from
all
the
kingdom
,
and
so
lived
peaceably
all
the
rest
of
her
life
.
The
year
1434.
Lewis
dyed
;
and
before
a
year
was
expired
from
the
time
of
his
death
,
Anno
1434.
the
Queen
received
continual
molestations
and
prejudice
by
Iohn
Antonio
Orsino
Prince
of
Taranto
,
and
by
Giacomo
Caldora
,
and
other
followers
of
the
Aragonesi
,
thorow
the
vicinity
and
neighbourhood
of
Sicilia
,
where
Alfonsus
maintained
a
great
Army
.
So
partly
being
oppressed
with
a
feaver
,
and
troubled
with
a
discontented
mind
,
in
the
year
1434.
the
second
of
February
,
the
life
,
the
line
of
Charls
.
1
of
Angio
,
&
the
house
of
Durazzo
of
the
French
blood
,
which
only
rested
in
her
,
ended
all
regality
,
having
reigned
20
years
,
5
moneths
,
and
26
days
.
And
because
she
had
no
child
,
she
made
her
heir
(
as
was
reported
)
Renato
of
Angio
Duke
of
Lorain
,
and
Earl
of
Provence
,
the
brother
of
Lewis
her
adopted
son
.
After
the
death
of
the
Queen
,
the
Neapolitans
created
sixteen
men
of
the
principal
in
the
City
,
which
they
called
Governors
,
because
they
should
have
care
and
charge
of
the
City
,
and
of
the
Kingdom
.
These
sixteen
Governours
,
in
all
the
business
and
affairs
they
dispatched
,
writ
thus
the
Title
of
their
government
,
Concilium
&
Gubernatores
Reipublicae
regni
Siciliae
ordinati
per
clarae
memoriae
Serenissimam
&
illustrissimam
Dominam
nostram
Dominam
Ioannam
secundam
,
Dei
gratia
Hungariae
,
Hierusalem
,
&
Siciliae
reginam
,
&c.
Within
a
little
time
after
rose
in
the
Citie
divers
contentions
,
because
Pope
Eugenio
the
fourth
understanding
the
death
of
Ione
,
sent
a
Legate
to
Naples
the
Bishop
of
Recanati
,
and
Patriarch
of
Alexandria
,
giving
the
Governors
to
understand
,
and
the
Councell
of
the
Citie
,
that
the
kingdom
of
Naples
was
fallen
to
the
Church
as
his
Feud
or
Fee
,
willing
them
not
to
bestow
the
dominion
upon
any
but
him
whom
he
shall
nominate
and
invest
King
.
The
Governors
answered
,
that
they
would
have
no
other
King
but
Renato
Duke
of
Lorain
,
whom
their
Queen
had
left
as
her
successor
.
By
this
means
the
kingdom
understood
the
admonition
of
the
Pope
,
and
the
answer
of
the
Governors
,
wherewith
many
of
the
Princes
and
Barons
of
the
kingdom
much
misliked
the
succession
of
Renato
;
and
being
published
that
that
Will
and
Testament
was
falsly
forged
by
the
Neapolitans
;
one
part
of
the
Barons
,
and
people
which
were
of
the
faction
of
the
Aragonesi
,
called
King
Alfonsus
of
Aragon
:
Whereupon
through
contrary
consents
and
inclinations
rose
the
sactions
of
the
Angioini
and
Aragonesi
.
The
Governors
being
likewise
at
discord
among
themselves
,
the
whole
kingdom
was
divided
,
and
put
into
great
trouble
and
molestation
.
In
the
mean
time
the
greatest
part
of
them
sent
Ambassadors
to
Marseli●
for
Renato
.
That
part
of
the
Duke
of
S●ssa
,
the
Earl
Venafro
,
and
many
other
Barons
,
called
Alfonsus
,
who
being
full
of
military
courage
,
and
inflamed
with
an
incredible
desire
of
glory
,
having
his
Army
ready
in
the
year
1436.
came
to
Gaeta
,
and
was
received
by
the
Duke
of
Sessa
,
and
besieging
the
said
Citie
,
came
with
his
Navy
to
battell
with
Bai●gio
Captain
Generall
of
the
Fleet
of
the
Genowayes
,
and
Alfonsus
valiantly
fighting
,
was
at
length
overcome
,
and
taken
prisoner
,
and
carried
to
the
custody
of
Philip
Duke
of
Miltane
,
who
afterward
knowing
the
singular
vertue
of
Alfonsus
,
King
Alfonsus
taken
prisoner
being
desirous
to
hold
,
him
his
companion
and
friend
,
made
a
league
with
him
,
and
suffered
him
to
go
at
his
own
pleasure
,
together
with
the
other
Lords
which
were
also
prisoners
.
ANGIOINI
.
Renato
of
Angio
the
16
King
of
Naples
.
REnato
of
Angio
being
at
that
time
prisoner
to
Iohn
Duke
of
Burgonie
,
Anno
1381.
the
Neapolitane
Ambassadors
deprived
of
all
hope
to
have
Renato
,
caused
Isabellae
his
wife
to
come
in
his
stead
,
a
very
wise
and
worthy
Lady
,
who
made
great
wars
with
Alfonsus
.
Afterward
Renato
being
set
at
liberty
by
the
Duke
of
Burgonie
,
in
the
moneth
of
May
1438.
came
to
Naples
,
whose
coming
gave
great
hope
and
expectation
to
the
Angioini
,
and
was
royally
received
,
and
presently
prepared
all
necessary
things
for
the
wars
,
and
retained
many
principall
and
,
excellent
Captains
,
through
whose
valour
he
obtained
all
Calauria
,
and
the
Dukedome
of
Mel●i
,
in
Abruzzo
he
had
at
his
command
many
places
.
In
the
moneth
of
Iune
,
1438.
he
had
from
Pope
Eugenius
the
instalment
of
the
kingdom
of
Naples
and
Ierusalem
.
Many
actions
and
battels
fell
out
between
Renato
and
Alfonsus
;
but
at
length
the
party
of
the
Aragonesi
prevailed
.
Alfonsus
in
moneth
of
Iune
1442.
by
the
way
of
an
Aquaduct
,
which
brought
water
into
the
City
,
took
Naples
,
and
the
third
day
with
the
will
of
Renato
he
had
the
Castle
of
Capoa
and
other
forts
.
Renato
growing
into
despair
not
to
be
able
to
recover
the
kingdom
,
with
Isabella
his
wife
,
and
his
children
,
returned
into
Provence
,
where
he
past
all
the
rest
of
his
life
in
peace
,
having
held
Naples
,
and
part
of
the
kingdom
in
an
uncertain
and
troublesome
possession
four
years
and
ten
days
.
Being
come
to
the
age
of
64
years
,
married
Ioan
della
Valle
,
a
noble
French
Lady
,
with
whom
too
excessively
satisfying
his
pleasure
,
became
weak
and
feeble
,
and
so
died
the
19
of
Fbruary
in
the
year
1481.
and
was
buried
in
Nansi
,
a
plentifull
place
,
and
a
principapll
City
of
the
Dukedom
of
Lorane
,
and
upon
his
Tomb
these
four
verses
engraven
.
Magnanimum
tegit
hoc
saxum
,
fortemque
Rhenatum
,
Mortales
heu
,
qua
conditione
sumus
,
Invidia
factis
hujus
fortuna
subinde
Ne
tanti
,
&
tanto
celsus
honore
foret
.
ARAGONES
I.
Alfonsus
1.
of
Aragon
,
called
by
his
surname
,
The
Magnanimous
,
17
King
of
Naples
.
ALfonsus
King
of
Aragon
and
Sicilia
,
after
many
dangers
and
infinite
travell
,
Anno
1442.
entred
Naples
in
triumph
upon
a
golden
Chariot
;
and
by
the
means
of
Francesco
Orsino
President
of
Rome
,
made
peace
with
the
Pope
Eugenio
,
and
obtained
a
very
large
instalment
of
the
Kingdom
,
for
he
was
also
invested
in
the
Kingdom
of
Hungary
,
by
the
right
of
Ioan
his
mother
:
And
besides
that
,
obtained
from
the
said
Pope
,
that
faculty
and
power
,
that
Ferdinando
his
naturall
son
was
ordained
his
heir
,
and
to
succeed
after
his
death
in
the
instalment
and
possession
of
the
Kingdom
:
the
which
investing
was
likewise
afterward
confirmed
by
Pope
Nicolas
the
fifth
.
Alfonsus
was
very
magnificent
in
buildings
,
he
reduced
the
new
Castle
in
Naples
into
the
form
it
now
appears
,
truly
a
very
Royall
and
stately
piece
of
work
.
He
enlarged
Mola
,
and
caused
the
Fens
about
the
City
to
be
made
dry
.
He
took
the
Isle
of
Zerbi
,
overcame
in
battell
the
King
of
Tunis
and
made
him
tributary
,
and
subdued
certain
Cities
in
Barbary
;
he
oftentimes
sent
Armies
against
the
Turks
,
and
at
the
instance
of
the
Pope
,
chased
away
Francesco
Sforsa
della
Marca
.
He
was
very
studious
in
learning
,
and
made
great
account
of
learned
men
,
whereof
he
kept
very
many
in
his
Court.
And
to
conclude
,
he
was
a
Prince
of
great
magnanimity
.
He
reigned
sixteen
years
,
one
moneth
,
and
one
and
twenty
days
.
He
died
the
28
of
June
in
the
year
1458.
being
64
years
of
age
:
He
had
for
his
wife
,
Mary
the
daughter
of
Henry
the
third
King
of
Castile
,
surnamed
the
Weak
,
by
whom
he
had
no
Childern
.
The
Neapolitans
buried
the
body
of
Alfonsus
with
a
stately
Funerall
,
and
laid
him
in
a
Coffin
covered
all
with
cloth
of
gold
,
the
which
at
this
present
is
to
be
seen
in
the
Vestry
of
St.
Dominick
in
Naples
,
and
at
the
foot
thereof
are
these
Verses
,
Inclytus
Alfonsus
,
qui
Regibus
ortus
Iberis
Hic
,
regnum
Ausoniae
primus
adeptus
adest
.
Ferdinando
1.
of
Aragon
18
King
of
Naples
.
FErdinando
the
first
of
this
name
,
after
the
death
of
his
Father
,
Anno
1458.
succeeded
in
the
Kingdom
,
and
was
by
the
Institution
of
Pope
Pius
the
second
,
anointed
and
crowned
King
by
Latino
Orsino
the
Cardinall
.
But
very
often
was
like
to
lose
it
through
many
wars
,
and
espe●ially
by
Iohn
of
Angio
,
the
son
of
Renato
,
which
had
a
great
Train
and
Troop
of
the
Barons
of
the
Realm
,
which
drew
unto
them
a
great
number
of
Rebels
.
In
the
year
1481
died
.
(
as
is
declared
)
Renato
of
Angio
,
who
having
no
male
children
,
made
heir
of
all
his
state
and
inheritance
.
Charls
of
Angio
Earl
of
Main
his
brothers
son
,
who
dying
within
a
while
after
without
children
,
bequeathed
his
inheritance
to
Lewis
the
11.
King
of
France
,
to
whom
not
onely
descended
,
as
supream
Lord
,
the
Dukedom
of
Angio
,
but
also
of
all
Provence
.
Ferdinando
having
afterward
intelligence
,
that
Charls
the
8.
King
of
France
,
made
preparation
with
a
mighty
Army
to
recover
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
by
the
right
of
the
Angioini
,
who
by
the
death
of
King
Lewis
his
father
was
interessed
therein
,
began
to
make
provision
of
men
;
and
being
very
carefull
in
the
preparation
of
the
war
,
growing
sick
,
died
the
25
of
Ianuary
in
the
year
1494.
having
reigned
35
years
,
5
moneths
,
and
25
days
.
Alfonsus
2.
the
19
King
of
Naples
.
ALfonsus
the
second
of
this
name
,
after
the
death
of
Ferdinand
his
Father
,
Anno
1494.
obtained
the
kingdom
;
and
in
the
beginning
of
the
fourth
moneth
was
crowned
in
the
Cathedrall
Church
of
Naples
by
Iohn
Borgia
Cardinall
of
Montereale
,
Legate
of
Pope
Alexander
the
sixth
,
with
greater
pomp
and
majesty
then
was
ever
used
to
any
King
of
Naples
,
But
understanding
that
Charls
the
8.
K.
of
France
,
gave
order
for
the
pretended
war
,
fearing
because
he
was
become
odious
to
the
people
of
the
Kingdom
,
through
his
austerity
,
resigned
the
Kingdom
to
Ferdinando
his
son
Duke
of
Calauria
,
a
young
man
much
differing
from
him
in
nature
,
which
every
one
loved
,
and
retired
himself
into
the
countrey
of
Mazara
in
Sicilia
,
being
before
time
given
unto
him
by
Don
Ferdinando
the
Catholique
King
of
Spain
,
where
he
spent
the
remainder
of
his
life
,
having
reigned
one
year
and
three
days
.
FRANCES
I.
Charls
the
fourth
the
twentieth
King
of
Naples
.
CHarles
de
Valois
the
eighth
of
this
name
King
of
France
,
and
fourth
of
the
same
name
King
of
Naples
,
Anno
1495.
came
in
the
beginning
of
Ianuary
1495.
to
Rome
with
a
mighty
Army
.
Pope
Alexander
full
of
incredible
fear
and
anguish
,
fled
into
the
Castle
of
St.
Angelo
.
But
the
King
having
no
purpose
to
offend
the
Pope
,
met
with
him
,
and
concluded
friendship
,
and
a
perpetuall
confederacy
for
the
common
safety
&
defence
.
Charls
was
invested
conditionally
by
the
Pope
of
the
kingdom
of
Naples
,
and
obtained
also
from
the
said
Pope
Zizimo
Gemni
Ottoman●
the
brother
of
Bajazeth
,
Emperour
of
the
Turks
.
After
Charls
had
re●●●ined
a
moneth
in
Rome
,
he
past
into
the
kingdom
,
and
although
some
small
resistance
was
made
by
Ferdinando
,
at
length
he
got
the
dominion
of
the
whole
kingom
▪
Ferdinando
after
that
the
C●stles
of
Naples
were
yeelded
,
departed
with
fourteen
Gallies
ill
●rmed
into
Sicilia
.
Charls
after
he
had
pacified
the
kingdom
,
demanded
of
the
Pope
the
●ree
installment
of
the
Realm
of
Naples
,
the
which
although
it
were
at
Rome
granted
him
,
yet
it
could
not
be
thought
sit
in
respect
of
the
Aragon●si
,
whereupon
the
Pope
refused
to
give
it
him
.
Charls
afterward
being
departed
to
return
into
France
,
many
of
the
Barons
rebelled
through
the
severity
and
cruell
demeanor
of
the
Frenchm●n
.
Whereupon
Ferdinando
was
recalled
,
who
chased
away
the
adversaries
.
Charls
reigned
ten
moneths
and
26
days
,
he
died
a
sudden
death
the
●ight
before
the
8
of
Aprill
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
1497.
being
returned
f●om
playing
at
Tennis
.
He
was
buried
in
the
Church
of
St.
Denis
of
Paris
in
France
,
and
on
his
Tomb
this
Epitaph
was
engraven
.
Hic
Octave
jaces
Fran●orum
Carole
〈◊〉
,
Cui
victa
est
forti
Brit●nis
〈…〉
Parthenop●
illustrem
tribuit
capti●a
t●●iumphu●
,
Claraque
Fornovio
pug●●●
pera●●a
sol●
.
Caepit
Henricus
regno
depulsus
ajuto
Bellare
auspici●s
sceptra
Britan●●
tuis
.
O
plures
longinqua
dies
si
futa
d●●issent
Te
nullus
toto
major
,
in
orbe
foret
.
ARAGONES
I.
Ferdinando
the
second
the
●1
King
of
Naples
.
FErdinando
the
second
of
this
name
,
a
valiant
man
,
Anno
1495.
endued
with
Princely
qualities
of
liberality
and
Clemency
,
who
for
to
strengthen
and
corroborate
his
affairs
with
a
more
firm
conjunction
with
Ferdinando
the
Catholique
King
of
Spain
,
took
for
his
wife
(
with
the
Popes
dispensation
)
Ioan
his
Aunt
,
born
of
of
Ferdinando
his
Grandsire
,
and
Ioan
the
sister
of
the
aforesaid
King
;
and
at
the
same
time
had
of
Pope
Alexander
the
sixth
,
the
instalment
of
the
kingdom
.
And
being
placed
in
great
glory
,
fell
sick
and
died
the
8.
of
October
in
the
1496.
He
reigned
one
year
,
8
moneths
and
14
days
.
Frederick
the
22
King
of
Naples
.
FRederick
Prince
of
Taranto
,
the
son
of
Ferdinando
the
first
,
by
the
death
of
his
Nephew
succeeded
in
the
kingdom
,
&
in
the
year
1497.
obtained
of
Pope
Alexander
the
sixth
,
the
instalment
of
the
kingdom
.
And
being
much
troubled
with
continuall
war
,
because
Charls
the
8.
King
of
France
,
died
without
leaving
any
children
,
the
kingdom
fell
to
Lewis
Duke
of
Orleans
,
as
the
neerest
in
blood
by
the
masculine
line
,
and
was
the
twelfth
of
this
name
.
This
Lewis
came
upon
him
with
a
mighty
Army
;
but
Ferdinando
the
Catholique
King
being
confederate
with
Lewis
to
his
own
prejudice
(
for
a
displeasure
conceived
against
Frederick
)
yet
conditionally
,
that
Lewis
should
divide
the
kingdom
with
him
.
Frederick
that
was
not
able
to
make
head
or
resist
the
puisance
of
so
great
forces
united
against
him
,
especially
finding
his
kingdom
exhaust
,
and
ill
provided
,
retired
into
the
Isle
Ischia
neer
to
Naples
with
all
his
Family
,
and
afterward
gave
his
kingdom
wholly
into
the
possession
of
King
Lewis
his
enemy
,
not
bequeathing
any
thing
to
the
Catholique
King
Ferdinando
,
reputing
himself
to
be
ill
dealt
withall
by
him
,
that
in
stead
of
a
friend
and
defender
,
he
was
come
to
the
contrary
to
dispossess
and
deprive
him
of
his
kingdom
.
Frederick
was
very
courteously
received
by
Lewis
,
and
he
assigned
unto
him
the
Dukedom
of
Angio
,
and
so
much
revenue
as
amounted
yearly
to
thirty
thousand
Crowns
;
and
the
French
King
obtained
in
recompencee
from
King
Frederick
all
the
right
and
interest
which
he
had
in
the
kingdom
.
Within
a
little
time
following
Frederick
fell
sick
at
Torse
in
France
,
where
his
pain
increasing
upon
him
,
died
the
ninth
of
September
in
the
year
1504.
He
had
to
his
wife
being
Prince
of
Taranto
,
the
Lady
N.
della
valle
Bertania
,
Anno
1504.
of
the
worthy
Family
of
Alibret
,
blood
in
Gasconie
,
the
kinswoman
of
the
father
of
Charls
the
eighth
,
King
of
France
,
by
whom
he
had
one
onely
daughter
called
the
Lady
Carlotta
,
which
was
brought
up
in
the
French
Court
,
and
afterward
succeeded
in
her
mothers
inheritance
.
Of
his
second
wife
Isabella
the
onely
daughter
of
Pirro
del
Balzo
Prince
of
Altamura
,
and
Duke
of
Andry
,
he
had
six
children
,
that
is
to
say
,
three
male
and
three
female
;
the
male
children
were
Don
Ferdinando
Duke
of
Calauria
,
and
Prince
of
Taranto
.
Don
Cesar
and
Don
Alfonsus
,
the
which
two
last
died
in
their
Fathers
time
.
The
women
kind
,
the
first
named
the
Lady
Iulia
,
was
married
in
the
year
1533.
to
Giorgio
Paleologo
Duke
of
Montferrato
,
and
Marquis
of
Sanluzo
,
of
the
noble
blood
of
the
Emperours
of
Constantinople
.
The
Lady
Isabella
and
the
Lady
Caterina
were
never
married
.
The
Queen
Isabella
after
the
death
of
King
Frederick
,
seeing
herself
deprived
of
all
humane
comfort
,
because
that
being
discharged
of
that
kingdom
by
the
King
of
France
,
by
reason
of
the
Articles
of
peace
concluded
between
the
Catholique
Ferdinando
and
the
said
King
,
returned
with
her
children
to
Ferrara
,
where
she
was
very
courteously
received
by
Duke
Alfonsus
of
Este
her
kinsman
,
where
she
died
in
the
year
1533
,
her
children
remaining
desolate
:
and
much
persecuted
by
Fortune
,
went
to
Valentia
in
Spain
,
where
was
the
Duke
Ferdinando
their
brother
;
and
no
long
time
following
,
the
one
after
the
other
died
.
And
in
the
year
1559.
the
fifth
of
August
,
the
aforesaid
Duke
ended
his
life
,
without
leaving
any
issue
.
And
so
in
him
was
extinguished
the
Progeny
of
the
old
King
Alfonsus
of
Aragon
.
FRANCES
I.
Lewis
the
12
King
of
France
and
23
King
of
Naples
.
LEwis
the
twelfth
of
this
name
King
of
France
,
divided
with
the
King
of
Spain
,
according
to
their
covenants
,
the
kingdom
of
Naples
,
Anno
1501.
and
obtained
of
Pope
Alexander
the
sixth
the
instalment
,
according
to
the
tenor
of
those
conditions
which
he
had
made
.
But
in
the
year
1502.
their
Lieutenants
growing
into
difference
about
the
Confines
,
fell
to
Arms
,
and
at
last
the
Frenchmen
were
driven
out
of
that
kingdom
,
through
the
valour
of
that
worthy
Captain
Consalvo
Fernando
;
and
Ferdinando
the
Catholique
King
remaining
absolute
possessor
thereof
.
King
Lewis
held
the
Realm
of
Naples
one
year
and
ten
moneths
;
but
in
France
he
reigned
sixteen
years
,
and
died
in
the
beginning
of
the
year
1514.
ARAGONES
I.
Ferdinando
the
Catholick
24
King
of
Naples
:
FErdinando
the
Catholique
remaining
absolute
Lord
of
the
kingdom
,
maintained
it
in
great
peace
all
the
time
of
his
life
,
Anno
1503
▪
and
obtained
of
Pope
Iulio
the
second
the
investing
of
all
the
kingdom
.
Finally
,
after
many
victories
atchieved
in
divers
parts
,
he
died
in
Madrigaleio
a
City
of
Castile
,
the
22
day
of
Ianuary
in
the
year
1516.
having
been
King
of
Naples
twelve
years
and
three
moneths
.
His
body
was
buried
in
the
Royal
Chappell
of
the
City
of
Granata
,
and
upon
his
Tomb
this
Inscription
was
engraven
Mahometicae-sectae
prostratores
,
&
haereticae
pravitatis
extinctores
Ferdinandus
Aragonum
,
&
Helizabetha
Castellae
,
vir
,
&
uxor
unanimes
Catholici
appellati
,
marmoreo
clauduntur
hoc
tumulo
.
Ione
the
third
,
25
Queen
of
Naples
.
IOne
the
third
of
this
name
,
daughter
of
Ferdinando
the
Catholique
King
,
being
now
the
widow
of
Philip
Archduke
of
Austria
,
Anno
1516.
succeeded
in
the
kingdom
,
and
having
fourteen
moneths
governed
all
her
kingdoms
,
substituted
her
heir
Charls
her
eldest
son
;
who
had
scant
accomplished
16
years
of
age
.
Charls
remaining
at
Brussels
in
Flanders
&
being
much
exhorted
by
the
Emperour
Maximilian
his
Grandsire
,
reformed
in
the
year
1516.
the
order
of
the
Knights
of
the
Golden
Fleece
,
and
so
reduced
them
to
the
number
of
31.
And
because
many
through
death
were
void
,
he
elected
to
the
said
Order
amongst
others
,
these
Lords
,
Francis
1.
King
of
France
,
Don
Ferdinando
Infant
of
Spain
,
Emanuel
King
of
Portugal
,
Lewis
King
of
Hungary
,
Frederick
Count
Palatine
,
Iohn
Marquis
of
Brandenburgh
,
Charls
de
Lannoi
Lord
of
Sanzelle
.
Moreover
,
Don
Lodovico
of
Vaimonte
,
great
Constable
of
the
kingdom
of
Navarre
,
took
in
Naples
the
possession
of
the
kingdom
for
the
said
Queen
.
Charls
so
soon
as
he
was
invested
by
the
Queen
his
mother
,
sailed
into
Spain
,
and
was
received
of
all
the
people
with
infinite
joy
;
but
yet
many
of
the
greatest
Nobility
,
and
principall
of
the
kingdom
,
would
not
accept
him
as
King
,
but
onely
as
Prince
,
for
offering
wrong
to
the
Queen
Ione
,
since
by
Testament
of
the
Catholique
King
her
father
it
was
decreed
,
that
after
the
death
of
Ione
,
Charls
of
Austria
should
succeed
:
Upon
the
which
succession
grew
great
tumults
and
contentions
;
but
in
the
end
things
were
well
qualified
,
admitting
him
for
King
,
together
with
the
Queen
his
mother
,
to
be
done
with
this
condition
,
That
the
affairs
of
the
kingdom
should
be
governed
in
both
their
names
,
the
money
stampt
,
and
so
all
other
business
whatsoever
.
And
so
once
again
on
the
25.
of
March
,
in
the
year
1517.
the
said
Queen
confirmed
to
Charls
the
former
endowment
.
The
year
ensuing
the
13
of
April
,
Charles
was
proclaimed
King
together
with
his
Mother
:
Anno
1517.
And
the
18
of
the
moneth
of
May
Prospero
Colon●a
took
in
Naples
the
possession
of
the
kingdom
in
the
name
of
Charls
,
which
was
done
with
all
solemnity
.
Charls
then
being
received
to
the
Administration
of
Spain
,
sent
also
to
the
administration
of
all
the
other
kingdoms
.
In
the
year
1519.
Charls
elected
into
the
number
of
the
Knights
of
the
Golden
Fleece
,
in
place
of
Gismondo
K.
of
Polonia
lately
dead
,
Anno
1519.
Christerno
K.
of
Denmark
,
and
Frederick
of
Toledo
,
Duke
of
Alva
.
In
the
mean
time
died
the
Emperour
Maximilian
,
and
the
Electors
of
the
Empire
assembled
according
to
their
ancient
custome
,
at
Francford
,
a
Citie
of
low
Germany
,
for
the
election
of
a
new
Cesar
;
and
by
a
general
consent
the
18
of
June
in
the
year
1520.
they
chose
Emperour
Charls
of
Austria
King
of
Spain
.
Anno
1520.
Ione
having
reigned
(
as
we
have
said
)
absolutely
14
moneths
,
and
together
with
Charles
the
5
Emperour
her
son
38
years
,
and
four
moneths
,
retired
herself
to
Tordezilla
a
Citie
of
Spain
;
where
within
a
little
while
after
she
ended
her
life
the
thirteenth
of
Aprill
in
the
year
1555.
AVSTRIACI
.
Charles
5
Emperour
,
and
26
King
of
Naples
.
CHarls
the
fifth
Emperour
,
after
the
death
of
Ione
his
mother
,
remained
absolute
Lord
of
all
his
kingdoms
;
Anno
1526
:
Charls
5
marrieth
Isabella
of
Portugall
.
and
being
(
as
is
said
)
elected
Emperour
,
the
same
year
past
the
Sea
from
Spain
into
Flanders
,
and
from
thence
into
Germany
,
where
he
was
received
in
the
moneth
of
October
in
Aquisgraue
,
a
noble
City
both
for
the
ancient
residence
&
the
famous
Tomb
of
Charls
the
Great
,
with
a
mighty
concourse
of
people
was
first
crowned
.
In
the
moneth
of
January
1526.
Charls
celebrated
his
marriage
in
Hispali
with
Isabella
of
Portugal
his
wife
,
the
sister
of
King
Iohn
of
Portugal
.
Afterward
he
went
into
Spain
,
where
being
arrived
,
proceeded
very
severely
against
many
who
had
been
authors
of
sedition
;
all
the
other
he
pardoned
and
discharged
.
And
to
joyn
with
justice
and
clemency
examples
of
gratitude
and
remuneration
in
the
acknowledging
of
that
wherein
he
was
ingaged
to
Don
Ferdinando
of
Aragon
,
Duke
of
Calauraia
,
(
who
having
refused
the
Crown
and
the
kingdom
of
Spain
offered
unto
him
by
the
States
thereof
,
though
he
were
a
prisoner
)
set
him
at
liberty
,
and
with
great
honor
called
him
to
the
Court
,
and
married
him
to
the
richest
Princess
then
living
,
even
the
Widow
of
the
Catholique
King
Ferdinando
,
by
which
means
he
much
gladded
the
people
,
and
the
Duke
received
honor
,
liberty
,
and
infinite
wealth
,
and
was
created
for
his
life
time
viceroy
of
Valentia
.
The
Emperour
without
any
charge
,
or
the
expence
of
a
peny
,
got
the
friendship
of
the
Duke
,
the
love
of
the
people
,
and
great
security
to
his
State
.
The
year
ensuing
1527.
on
the
21
of
May
the
Emperess
Isabella
was
delivered
of
her
son
Philip
in
the
Citie
of
Castilia
,
Anno
1527.
The
birth
of
Philip
King
of
Spain
.
Anno
1528.
through
whose
happy
birth
was
made
every
where
generall
seasting
and
triumphs
.
In
the
moneth
of
October
1528.
the
Emperour
by
the
death
of
Don
Carlo
de
Lannoi
,
sent
for
his
Viceroy
into
Naples
Don
Hugo
Moncada
,
a
man
very
expert
in
Arms
,
and
a
valiant
Captain
,
in
the
which
year
Monsignor
Odetto
Fois
Lotrecco
went
with
thirty
thousand
Footmen
and
six
thousand
Horsmen
into
the
kingdom
of
Naples
,
in
the
name
of
King
Frances
,
and
overcame
Melfi
,
Venosa
,
and
many
other
places
in
Basilicata
and
Apulia
,
Monsig
.
Lotrecco
besiegeth
Naples
.
This
siege
was
the
29
of
April
1528.
and
with
the
success
of
victory
besieged
Naples
,
the
which
siege
continuing
certain
moneths
,
in
the
mean
time
Andrea
d'Oria
sent
the
Count
Philip
d'Oria
his
Nephew
with
eight
Gallies
to
annoy
the
Gulf
of
Naples
;
wherewith
Moncada
being
much
discontented
,
seeking
to
remedy
the
same
,
he
caused
to
arm
six
Gallies
and
two
Foists
which
were
within
the
Haven
,
and
putting
therein
the
very
flower
and
principall
of
the
people
that
were
in
the
Citie
,
he
in
his
own
person
,
with
the
Marquis
of
Vasto
,
Ascanio
Colonna
great
Constable
,
Cesare
Ferramosca
,
and
many
other
worthy
men
,
with
a
resolution
to
encounter
the
enemy
,
The
battell
of
the
Emperours
Gallies
with
the
Genoways
.
and
confidently
to
overcome
,
were
imbarked
there
.
The
Count
which
suddenly
perceived
the
Imperiall
Gallies
to
go
forth
of
the
Haven
,
retired
himself
presently
to
the
sea
,
and
encountring
together
at
the
Cape
of
Orso
,
the
Imperiall
Forces
were
overcome
,
and
there
dying
with
many
others
,
Don
Vgo
,
and
were
taken
prisoners
the
Marquiss
Vasto
,
and
Colonna
the
great
Constable
,
with
other
worthy
men
.
The
Count
obtaining
the
victory
,
The
victory
of
the
Count
Philip
d'Ori●
.
presently
victoriously
went
to
Genoway
to
find
the
Admirall
Andrea
his
Uncle
,
who
disdaining
the
dealing
of
the
French
King
,
because
he
had
taken
from
him
the
office
of
the
Admiralty
and
Generall
of
the
Sea
,
and
given
it
to
Monsignor
Barbigios
;
he
agreed
by
the
means
of
Vasto
with
the
Emperour
,
and
brought
Genoway
and
Savona
under
his
Crown
.
Andrea
d'Oria
▪
leaveth
the
service
of
the
French
King
,
and
the
cause
why
.
Whereupon
he
went
with
all
expedition
into
the
kingdom
in
the
behalf
of
the
Emperour
,
and
discharged
the
French
Army
which
lay
at
the
siege
of
Naples
.
Afterward
Charls
made
peace
with
the
French
King
,
and
gave
him
for
wife
the
Lady
Elinora
:
and
the
King
forsook
Barletta
,
and
that
which
he
held
in
the
kingdom
of
Naples
,
and
payed
to
the
Emperour
for
a
fine
,
one
million
and
two
hundred
thousand
crowns
,
Peace
made
with
the
French
King
,
and
yeilded
up
unto
him
all
the
right
and
possession
that
he
held
in
the
Dukedom
of
Millane
and
the
kingdome
of
Naples
.
The
Emperour
having
ended
his
peace
,
went
by
Sea
to
Genoway
;
from
thence
he
past
to
Bolonia
,
where
in
the
moneth
of
February
1530.
was
by
Pope
Clement
the
seventh
,
which
was
come
thither
with
his
whole
Court
to
that
effect
,
Anno
1530
and
was
solemnly
crowned
with
the
Imperiall
Crown
.
Afterward
the
Emperour
departed
from
Bolonia
,
&
went
into
Germany
,
and
what
he
afterward
did
there
,
is
written
in
Histories
.
Charls
the
fifth
crowned
Emperour
.
Anno
1535.
The
enterprise
of
Tunis
.
In
the
year
1535.
Charls
having
made
a
voyage
to
Tunis
,
&
there
subdued
M●leasson
the
lawfull
King
of
the
Moores
,
and
made
him
his
Feudary
with
certain
conditions
.
went
into
Sicilia
.
From
whence
afterward
he
departing
,
came
to
Naples
the
23
of
November
in
the
same
year
,
and
entred
in
,
in
triumphant
manner
;
where
were
made
him
by
the
Citie
many
triumphant
Arks
and
huge
Colosses
,
Charls
the
fifth
goeth
in
triumph
through
Naples
.
Novem.
23.
1535.
with
divers
and
learned
Inventions
.
Charls
remained
with
great
delight
in
feasting
and
tilting
all
that
Winter
in
Naples
;
where
understanding
that
the
French
King
was
entred
into
Italy
with
his
Army
,
and
not
knowing
to
what
end
and
purpose
,
was
much
moved
and
displeased
with
him
,
went
to
Rome
,
and
so
proceeded
in
his
journie
.
But
at
length
the
Emperour
becoming
a
mortified
man
,
and
growing
into
contempt
of
the
world
,
being
unwiliing
to
sustain
any
longer
the
heavy
burthen
of
the
Empire
,
wisely
determined
to
renounce
it
:
And
to
that
end
having
caused
all
the
Knights
of
the
order
of
the
Golden
Fleece
to
assemble
at
Brussels
,
and
all
the
States
of
the
Low
Countries
,
the
first
thing
he
did
the
25
of
October
in
the
year
1555.
he
made
King
Philip
his
son
head
of
the
Knights
of
the
Golden
Fleece
,
The
resignation
made
by
Charls
5.
of
his
kingdom
to
Philip
his
son
.
and
after
dinner
solemnly
resigned
unto
him
all
Flanders
,
with
the
other
States
,
and
Titles
,
and
right
of
Burgony
,
descending
unto
him
from
his
predecessors
.
Not
long
after
the
Emperour
continuing
his
determination
,
resigned
and
renounced
in
like
manner
in
Brussels
to
the
forenamed
King
Philip
,
the
kingdom
of
Spain
,
Sicilia
,
Majorica
,
Minorica
,
with
the
new
Countries
called
America
,
and
the
new
world
,
reserving
onely
certain
rents
and
revenues
to
sustain
himself
and
his
family
,
reduced
to
a
small
number
of
servants
.
His
Majesty
also
giving
not
onely
full
and
absolute
power
to
the
King
of
the
Romans
his
brother
,
to
govern
and
rule
(
as
some
write
)
the
Empire
in
his
place
,
The
resignation
of
the
Empire
made
by
the
Emperour
Charls
5.
but
also
freely
resigned
the
Title
,
the
Scepter
,
and
Imperiall
Dignity
.
So
Cesar
voluntarily
deprived
himself
of
his
Monarchy
,
a
thing
truly
worthy
of
consideration
,
that
from
the
Emperour
Lotharius
till
this
present
,
never
in
so
many
ages
chanced
the
like
,
although
Amurath
the
great
Turk
resigned
the
Empire
of
Constantinople
to
Mahume●
his
son
.
Anno
1556.
In
September
1556
Charls
departed
from
Brussels
with
a
great
Fleet
towards
Spain
,
carrying
with
him
Queen
Elinor
and
Queen
Mary
his
sisters
,
and
so
sailing
with
fair
weather
and
a
prosperous
wind
,
they
soon
arrived
in
safety
.
Charls
constantly
persevering
in
his
purpose
,
retired
himself
to
the
Monastery
of
of
St.
Iusto
,
neer
to
the
village
called
Sciarandiglia
eight
leagues
from
the
Citie
of
Piacenza
in
the
Realm
of
Castile
,
where
living
godly
,
and
with
great
devotion
,
he
ended
his
dayes
the
21
of
September
in
the
year
1558
,
being
of
the
age
of
58
years
.
having
ruled
even
to
the
time
of
his
renunciation
37
years
,
The
death
of
Charls
the
5.
Anno
1558.
2
moneths
,
and
3
dayes
the
Empire
,
and
37
years
and
8
moneths
the
kingdom
of
Naples
,
which
he
resigned
to
his
son
Philip.
He
was
married
(
as
is
before
declared
)
to
Isabella
of
Portugall
,
the
sister
of
Iohn
King
of
Portugall
,
by
whom
he
had
the
Catholique
King
Philip
,
and
two
daughters
,
the
one
called
the
Lady
Mary
,
which
with
the
Popes
dispensation
was
married
to
Maximilian
King
of
Bohemia
,
The
wife
and
children
of
Charls
.
the
son
of
the
Emperour
Ferdinando
his
brother
.
The
other
called
the
Lady
Ione
,
was
espoused
to
Iohn
the
King
of
Portugals
son
.
He
had
children
by
another
naturall
means
,
as
Don
Iohn
,
and
Margarita
,
which
was
first
married
to
Alexander
de
Medici
Duke
of
Florence
,
and
afterward
to
Octavio
Fernese
Prince
of
Parma
and
Piacenza
.
Upon
the
Supulcher
of
this
invincible
Emperour
,
are
engraven
these
two
Epitaphs
.
1.
LIquisti
exuvias
gelido
sub
marmore
,
sed
non
Quantum
eras
Caesar
marmor
,
&
urna
capit
.
Pro
tumulo
ponas
orbem
,
pro
tegmine
coelum
,
Pro
facibus
stellas
,
pro
Imperio
Empireon
.
2.
Non
aurum
,
non
marmor
erunt
,
non
gemma
,
sed
omnis
Carole
terra
tui
corporis
urna
decens
,
Conteget
immensum
quantum
patet
undique
coelum
,
Sol
tibi
funerea
pro
face
lumine
erit
,
Proque
tua
memori
fama
,
pro
nomine
stabit
Aeternum
tempus
,
quod
tua
facta
notet
.
Natura
effundat
lachrymas
,
elementa
gemiscent
.
Persitient
tumulum
vix
satis
ista
tuum
.
Philip
of
Austria
27
King
of
Naples
.
Anno
1554.
PHilip
of
Austria
,
the
most
puissant
Catholique
King
,
which
reigneth
with
all
Triumph
and
Honor
,
after
he
was
invested
in
the
kingdom
,
and
the
Title
of
the
kingdom
of
Ierusalem
by
the
Emperour
his
Father
,
by
reason
of
the
ensuing
marriage
between
him
and
Queen
Mary
of
England
,
he
sent
in
his
name
to
Naples
the
Marquess
of
Pescara
,
to
take
the
possession
of
the
kingdom
.
Afterward
in
the
year
1556.
Pope
Paul
the
fourth
entring
in
,
invaded
Marc
Antonio
Colonna
of
Paliano
,
and
spoyled
the
rest
of
his
estate
,
and
ministred
occasion
of
War
to
the
King
.
Whereupon
the
Duke
of
Alva
the
Kings
Lieutenant
,
with
an
Army
of
twelve
thousand
Footmen
,
and
fifteen
hundred
Horsmen
,
invaded
the
Dominion
of
the
Church
,
and
the
war
ensued
,
called
War
of
Campania
of
Rome
,
which
continued
a
year
.
Afterward
peace
was
concluded
between
the
Pope
and
the
King
.
In
the
mean
time
Queen
Mary
the
wife
of
King
Philip
died
,
without
leaving
any
children
.
The
King
after
many
controversies
had
with
Henry
the
second
King
of
France
,
made
peace
with
him
in
the
year
1559.
And
for
a
greater
confirmation
thereof
,
and
true
reconciliation
,
the
Catholique
King
married
Isabella
the
daughter
of
the
most
Christian
King
,
who
died
in
child-bed
in
the
year
1568.
PSALM
19.
Domine
salvum
fac
Regem
,
&
exaudi
nos
in
die
qua
invocaverimus
te
.
The
Titles
of
Dignity
which
all
the
Kings
of
this
Kingdom
have
used
.
1.
ROgerius
Dei
gratia
Siciliae
,
&
Italiae
Rex
,
Christianorum
adjutor
,
&
clypeus
Rogerii
primi
Comitis
haeres
,
&
silius
.
2.
Gulielmus
Dei
gratia
Siciliae
Rex
,
&
Christianorum
defensor
.
3.
Gulielmus
2.
Divina
favente
clementia
Rex
Siciliae
,
Apuliae
Dux
&
princeps
Capuae
,
religionis
Christianae
adjutor
&
defensor
,
&c.
4.
Tancredus
D.
gratia
Siciliae
Rex
,
ac
Aletii
Comes
.
5.
Henricus
6.
Dei
gratia
invictissimus
Romanorum
Imp.
semper
Augustus
ac
Siciliae
Rex
.
6.
Imperator
Fredericus
2.
Romanorum
Caesar
semper
Augustus
Italicus
Siculus
,
Hierosolymitanus
Arelatensis
foelix
victor
,
ac
triumphator
.
7.
Conradus
4.
Divina
favente
clementia
electus
Romanorum
Imperator
semper
Augustus
,
ac
Siciliae
,
&
Hierusalem
rex
.
8.
Mansredus
D.
G.
Siciliae
&
Hierusalem
rex
,
ac
Tarenti
princeps
.
9.
Carolus
Dei
gratia
rex
Hierusalem
,
Siciliae
,
Ducatus
Apuliae
,
&
principatus
Capuae
,
almae
urbis
Senator
,
princeps
Achaiae
,
Andagaviae
,
Provinciae
,
Forcalquerii
,
&
Corciadoni
Comes
,
ac
Romani
Imperii
in
Tuscia
per
sanctam
Romanam
Ecclesiam
vicarius
generalis
.
10.
Carolus
2.
D.
G.
rex
Hierusalem
,
Siciliae
,
Vngariae
,
Ducatus
Apuliae
&
principatus
Capuae
,
Provinciae
,
&
Forcalquerii
,
ac
Pedimontis
Comes
.
11.
Robertus
D.
G.
rex
Hierusalem
,
&
Siciliae
,
Ducatus
Apuliae
,
&
principatus
Capuae
,
Provinciae
,
&
Forcalquerii
,
ac
Pedimontis
Comes
.
12.
Ioanna
D.
G.
regina
Hierusalem
&
Siciliae
,
Ducatus
Apuliae
,
&
principatus
Capuae
,
Provinciae
,
&
forcalquerli
,
ac
Pedimontis
Comitissa
.
13.
Carolus
3.
D.
G.
rex
Vngariae
,
Hierusalem
,
&
Siciliae
,
Provinciae
,
&
Forcalquerii
,
ac
Pedimontis
Comes
.
14.
Ladislaus
D.
G.
Vngariae
,
Hierusalem
,
Siciliae
,
Dalmatiae
,
Croatiae
,
Romae
,
Serviae
,
Galitiae
,
Lodomeriae
,
Comuriae
,
Bulguriaeque
rex
,
Provinciae
,
et
Forcalquerii
,
ac
Pedimontis
Comes
.
15.
Ioanna
2.
D.
G.
Vngariae
,
Hierusalem
,
Siciliae
,
Dalmatiae
,
Croatiae
,
Romae
,
Serviae
,
Galitiae
,
Lodomeriae
,
Comuriae
,
Bulguriaeque
regina
,
Provinciae
,
Forcalquerii
,
ac
Pedimontis
Comitissa
.
INTERREGNO
.
Consilium
,
&
Gubernatores
Republicae
Regni
Siciliae
ordinatis
per
clarae
memoriae
Serenissimam
&
Illustrissimam
Dominam
,
nostram
Dominam
Joannam
secundam
,
Dei
gratia
Ungariae
,
Hierusalem
&
Siciliae
reginam
.
16.
Renatus
D.
G.
Vngariae
,
Hierusalem
,
&
Siciliae
rex
,
Andagaviae
&
Bari
,
Lotharingiae
Dux
,
Pontis
Marchio
,
Comitatumque
Provinciae
,
Forcalquerii
,
Cevoviam
ac
Pedimontis
Comes
.
17.
Alfonfus
D.
G.
rex
Aragonum
,
Siciliae
citra
,
&
ultra
Farum
,
Valentiae
,
Hierusalem
,
Vngariae
,
Majoricarum
,
Sardiniae
,
Corsicae
,
Comes
Barchionis
,
Dux
Atenarum
&
Neopatriae
,
ac
etiam
Comes
Rossilionis
,
&
Ceritaniae
,
&c.
18.
Ferdinandus
Aragon
,
D.
G.
rex
Siciliae
,
Hierusalem
,
Vngariae
,
Valentiae
,
&c.
19.
Alfonsus
2.
Aragoneus
D.G.
rex
Siciliae
,
Hierusalem
et
Hungariae
,
&c.
20.
Carolus
4.
D.G.
rex
Francorum
,
Neapolitanorum
et
Hierusalem
.
21.
Ferdinandus
2.
Aragoneus
D.
G.
rex
Siciliae
,
Hierusalem
,
&c.
22.
Fredericus
Aragoneus
D.G.
rex
Siciliae
,
Hierusalem
,
&c.
23.
Ludovicus
D.G.
Francorum
,
Neapolitanorum
et
Hierusalem
rex
,
dux
Mediolani
.
Ferdinando
the
Catholique
King
having
divided
the
kingdom
with
Lewis
King
of
France
,
did
intitle
himself
so
long
as
he
so
continued
,
Duke
of
Apulia
and
Calauria
.
24.
Ferdinandus
et
Elizabeth
Dei
gratia
rex
et
regina
Castellae
,
Aragonum
,
Siciliae
,
Granatae
,
Toloti
,
Valentiae
,
Galitiae
,
Majoricarum
,
Hispalis
,
Sardiniae
,
Cordubae
,
Corsicae
,
Giennis
,
Algarbii
,
Gibraltaris
,
et
Insularum
Canariae
Comes
,
et
Comitissa
Barchinonae
,
Domini
Viscayae
,
et
Molinae
,
Duces
Calabriae
et
Apuliae
,
ac
Athenarum
,
et
Neopatriae
,
&c.
After
the
said
King
had
chased
away
the
Frenchmen
from
all
the
Realm
,
and
made
himself
absolute
Lord
thereof
,
he
used
this
title
,
Ferdinandus
D.G.
rex
Catholicus
Castellae
.
Aragonuum
.
utriusque
Siciliae
.
Hierusalem
.
Granatae
.
Toleti
.
Valentiae
.
Galitiae
.
Majoricarum
.
Hispalis
.
Sardiniae
.
Cordubae
.
Corsicae
.
Giennis
.
Algarbii
.
Gibraltaris
.
Insularum
Canariae
▪
Comes
Barchinonae
Dominus
Vizcoyae
et
Molinae
.
Dux
Athenarum
et
Neopatriae
.
Comes
Rossilionis
et
Ceritaniae
.
Marchio
Oristanii
et
Gotiani
.
25.
Ioanna
3.
D.
G.
regina
Castellae
▪
Aragonum
.
utriusque
Siciliae
.
Hierusalem
.
Granatae
.
Toleti
.
Valentiae
.
Galitiae
.
Majoricarum
.
Hispalis
.
Sardiniae
.
Cordubae
.
Corsicae
.
Giennis
.
Algarbii
.
Gibraltaris
.
Insularum
Canariae
,
Comitissa
Barchinonae
.
Domina
Vizcayae
et
Molinae
.
Ducissa
Calabriae
.
Athenarum
et
Neopatriae
.
Comitissa
Rossilionis
et
Ceritaniae
.
Marchionissa
Oristanii
et
Gotiani
.
26.
Carolus
5.
Divina
favente
elementia
Romanorum
Imperator
semper
Augustus
rex
Germaniae
,
et
Ioanna
ejus
mater
,
et
eidem
Carolus
Dei
gratia
Reges
Castellae
.
Legionis
.
Aragoniae
.
utriusque
Siciliae
.
Hierusalem
.
Vngariae
.
Dalmatiae
.
Croatiae
.
Navarrae
.
Granatae
.
Toleti
.
Vulentiae
.
Galitiae
.
Majoricarum
.
Hispalis
.
Sardiniae
.
Cordubae
.
Corsicae
.
Murtiae
.
Giennis
.
Algarbii
.
Alzezirae
.
Gibraltaris
.
Insularum
Canariae
.
Indiaram
.
et
terrae
Firmae
.
Maris
Oceani
.
&c.
Rex
.
Archidux
Austriae
.
Duc
Burgundiae
.
Lotharingiae
.
Brabantiae
.
Stiriae
.
Corinthiae
.
Carniolae
.
Lymburgiae
.
Lucembargiae
.
Geldriae
.
Calabriae
.
Athenarum
.
Neopatriae
.
Virtembergae
.
&c.
Comes
Flandriae
.
Habspurgi
.
Tirolis
.
Barchmonae
.
Archois
et
Burgundiae
.
Comes
Palatinus
.
Hannoniae
.
Hollandiae
.
Selandiae
.
Ferretti
.
Kiburgi
.
Namurei
.
Rossilionis
.
Ceritaniae
et
Zutphaniae
,
&c.
Lantgravius
.
Alsatiae
.
Marchio
Burgoniae
.
Oristani
.
Gotzani
.
et
sacri
Romani
Imperii
.
princeps
Sueviae
.
Cathalaniae
.
Asturiae
.
Dominus
Phrisiae
.
Marchiae
Sclavonicae
.
Portus
Naonis
.
Biscayae
.
Molinae
.
Salinarum
.
Tripolis
et
Mechliniae
.
&c.
The
Title
which
Charls
used
afterward
,
when
he
was
absolute
King
.
Carolus
5.
Divina
favente
clementia
Romanorum
Imperator
semper
Augustus
,
rex
Germaniae
.
Castellae
.
Legiones
.
Aragoniae
.
utriusque
Siciliae
.
Hierusalem
.
Vngariae
.
Dalmatiae
.
Croatiae
.
Navarrae
.
Granatae
.
Toleti
.
Valentiae
.
Galitiae
.
Majoricarum
.
Hispalis
.
Sardiniae
.
Cordubae
.
Corcicae
.
Murtiae
.
Giennis
.
Algarbii
.
Alzezirae
.
Gibraltaris
.
Insularum
Canariae
.
Iudiarum
et
Terrae
Firmae
.
Maris
Oceani
.
&c.
Rex
Archidux
Austriae
.
Dux
Burgundiae
.
Lotharingiae
.
Brabantiae
.
Stiriae
.
Corinthiae
.
Carniolae
.
Limburgiae
.
Lucemburgiae
.
Geldriae
,
Calabriae
.
Athenarum
.
Neopatriae
.
Virtembergae
.
&c.
Comes
Flandriae
.
Habspurgi
.
Tirolis
.
Barchmonae
.
Archois
et
Burgundiae
.
Comes
Palatinus
.
Hannoniae
.
Hollandiae
.
Selandia●
.
Ferretti
.
Kiburgi
.
Namurci
.
Rossilionis
.
Ceritaniae
et
Zutphaniae
.
&c.
Lantgravius
.
Alsatiae
.
Marchio
Burgoniae
.
Oristani
.
Gotzani
.
et
sacri
Romani
Imperii
.
Princeps
Sueviae
.
Cathalaniae
.
Asturiae
.
Dominus
Phrisiae
.
Marchiae
.
Sclavonieae
,
Portus
Naonis
.
Biscayae
.
Molinae
.
Salinarum
.
Tripolis
.
et
Mechliniae
.
&c.
27.
Philippus
D.
G.
Catholicus
defensor
fidei
,
Hispaniarum
,
utriusque
Siciliae
.
Hierusalem
.
Portugalliae
.
Vngariae
.
Dalmatiae
.
Croatiae
.
Sardiniae
.
Corsicae
.
Majoricarum
.
Insularum
Canariae
.
Orani
.
Insularum
Indiarum
.
Terrae
.
Firmae
.
et
Maris
Oceani
.
Archidux
Austriae
.
Dux
Burgundiae
.
Mediolani
.
Lotharingiae
.
Brabantiae
.
Limburgi
.
Lucemburgi
.
Geld●iae
.
Calabriae
.
Athenarum
et
Neopatriae
.
Marchio
sacri
Romani
Imperii
Oristani●
et
Gotiani
.
Comes
Barcinonis
.
Ruscinonis
.
Ceretaniae
.
Flandriae
.
Artesiae
.
Hannoniae
.
Hollandiae
.
Selandioe
.
Namurci
.
Zutpheni
.
Burgundiae
.
Haspurgi
.
et
Tirolis
,
Dominus
Cantabriae
,
Molinae
.
Phrisiae
.
Mechliniae
.
Vltrajecti
.
Transisalanae
.
&
Gruningae
,
&c.
Of
the
Coronation
of
the
Kings
of
NAPLES
.
I
Have
thought
it
a
thing
very
fit
and
convenient
,
having
declared
what
the
Kings
were
of
this
noble
and
renowned
kingdom
,
to
receive
also
the
manner
and
the
ceremony
which
is
used
in
the
time
of
their
coronation
.
But
before
I
proceed
any
further
,
it
is
to
be
understood
,
that
there
are
but
only
four
Kings
that
are
crowned
and
anointed
by
the
order
of
the
Pope
,
as
is
noted
in
the
Records
of
the
Roman
Church
,
the
which
Alberico
de
Rosato
also
confirmeth
,
which
are
these
following
,
the
King
of
Ierusalem
,
the
King
of
France
,
the
King
of
Naples
,
commonly
called
Sicilia
,
and
the
King
of
England
.
All
the
rest
are
crowned
by
their
Archbishops
or
Bishops
by
a
certain
custome
.
The
Emperour
is
anointed
and
crowned
in
the
same
manner
as
are
the
said
four
Kings
,
and
therefore
all
the
other
Kings
are
called
by
the
name
of
Highness
,
and
not
Majesty
,
except
those
that
are
annointed
by
the
order
of
the
Pope
,
as
is
said
.
In
the
coronation
then
of
the
King
of
Naples
the
Pope
sendeth
a
Cardinall
his
Legate
,
or
a
Patriarch
,
but
he
must
have
holy
Orders
,
because
the
said
Legate
not
having
the
said
holy
Orders
,
another
ought
to
come
which
hath
the
said
dignity
.
There
also
assembles
(
according
to
the
accustomed
manner
)
all
the
Archbishops
of
the
kingdome
,
which
crown
this
Prince
with
the
greatest
pomp●
and
state
that
may
be
done
to
any
Christian
King
.
The
principall
thing
before
the
King
taketh
this
dignity
,
the
seven
Officers
of
the
kingdom
,
which
are
seven
principall
secular
Lords
,
that
meet
together
at
this
coronation
,
are
cloathed
in
Purple
,
lined
with
Ermins
,
with
very
rich
attires
upon
their
heads
,
and
repair
together
with
the
Recorder
of
the
Citie
into
the
Cathedrall
Church
of
Naples
,
where
is
the
ancient
Tomb
of
Charls
of
Angio
,
which
was
the
first
that
was
crowned
with
an
Imperiall
crown
,
Charls
of
Angio
was
the
first
that
was
crowned
with
an
Imperiall
Crown
,
King
of
both
the
Sicilles
.
and
invested
King
of
both
the
Sicilles
and
Ierusalem
;
and
there
the
Apostolike
Legate
,
with
the
other
Archbishops
pontifically
clothed
with
Miters
and
Rochets
,
and
the
other
Prelats
in
Purple
Vestments
,
attend
the
Kings
coming
at
the
Church
Dore.
Afterward
when
the
King
cometh
that
is
to
be
crowned
,
he
entreth
into
the
said
Church
,
accompanied
with
all
the
Princes
,
Dukes
,
Marqueses
,
Earls
,
Barons
and
Lords
of
the
kingdom
,
and
the
Legat
suddenly
kissing
his
forehead
,
receiveth
him
,
and
saith
unto
him
with
an
high
and
intelligible
voyce
these
words
,
The
Kings
of
Naples
are
written
sacred
Royal
Majesty
.
See
the
Gloss
in
the
Preambles
of
the
Constitution
of
the
kingdom
in
the
second
colum
.
I
am
come
by
the
appointment
of
the
supream
Bishop
Pope
N.
to
crown
thee
King
of
Naples
and
Ierusalem
.
After
the
Archbishop
with
the
other
,
that
have
charge
to
say
Service
in
the
said
Church
,
receive
the
King
at
the
Altar
,
and
there
causing
him
to
kneel
down
,
and
after
is
made
by
the
Archbishop
of
Naples
,
of
Capoa
,
and
of
Salerno
,
devout
prayers
for
his
Majesty
,
one
of
the
Bishops
demandeth
of
him
in
Latin
,
if
he
will
promise
to
maintain
always
the
Faith
and
Christian
Religion
?
Defend
the
Widows
,
the
Fatherless
,
and
the
Poor
?
Establish
the
kingdom
,
and
minister
justice
to
every
one
?
And
last
of
all
,
if
he
will
always
yeild
due
honor
to
the
supream
Bishop
?
To
all
which
things
the
King
answering
,
He
will
,
two
Archbishops
take
him
by
the
arm
,
and
lead
him
to
the
Altar
,
where
he
solemnly
sweareth
to
observe
all
that
which
the
Archbishop
hath
demanded
of
him
.
This
done
,
the
Archbishop
of
Naples
demandeth
with
a
loud
voyce
of
all
the
Princes
,
if
they
will
promise
loyalty
and
service
to
his
Majesty
?
Where
being
answered
by
all
,
That
they
will
very
willingly
.
Then
two
Archbishops
lead
him
into
the
Vestry
,
and
being
there
apparelled
with
Sandalles
,
richly
set
with
Jewels
and
Pearls
,
with
a
Surplice
like
a
Minister
,
and
a
Cope
,
lead
him
again
to
the
Altar
,
and
saying
certain
prayers
,
the
Cardinall
Legate
accompanied
with
the
Archbishops
,
rising
from
their
seats
with
Miters
on
their
heads
,
go
unto
him
,
and
finding
the
King
kneeling
,
with
a
loud
and
solemn
prayer
recommend
him
unto
God
,
in
whose
hands
are
all
Empires
,
that
it
would
please
him
to
make
his
kingdom
stable
and
perpetuall
,
replenished
with
victory
,
piety
,
and
honor
.
The
King
remaining
on
his
knees
,
one
of
the
Archbishops
goeth
to
the
Altar
,
and
beginneth
the
Letany
,
and
devoutly
prayeth
for
his
Majesty
,
the
Archbishop
of
Naples
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Bishops
undoing
his
Surplis
,
with
certain
zealous
prayers
,
anoint
his
shoulders
and
his
right
arm
,
to
signifie
,
that
he
sustaineth
the
burthen
of
the
affairs
of
the
kingdom
,
What
the
annointing
of
the
Kings
shoulders
and
right
arm
signifie
.
and
draweth
his
sword
for
the
conservation
thereof
:
And
moreover
,
the
Royall
purple
Robe
reaching
down
even
to
his
foot
,
lined
with
fables
,
and
richly
embrodered
with
gold
and
pearl
,
signifieth
Charity
.
That
done
,
he
still
remaining
in
devout
meditation
,
the
Apostolick
Legat
standing
,
the
King
kneeling
before
him
,
delivereth
into
his
hand
the
golden
Scepter
,
all
wrought
in
the
top
with
Pearls
and
Jewels
,
wherewith
religiously
he
commands
the
people
.
The
Royall
purple
Rob●
signifieth
Charity
.
Then
he
puts
a
naked
Sword
into
his
right
hand
,
wherewith
he
pursueth
his
enemies
in
the
name
of
Christ
.
After
that
he
puts
a
Ring
on
his
finger
,
and
a
Bracelet
upon
his
arm
,
to
the
end
he
may
be
faithfull
and
pure
in
good
works
.
Tullius
Hos●●●●u●
King
of
Rome
after
he
had
overcome
the
〈◊〉
,
was
the
best
King
that
use●
the
purple
robe
.
Then
he
presenteth
unto
him
the
golden
Apple
,
to
figure
the
kingdome
,
which
he
ought
to
govern
with
singular
piety
,
vertue
,
and
perseverance
.
And
finally
,
he
putteth
upon
his
head
the
Imperial
Crown
,
divided
into
two
parts
,
garnished
with
many
Jewels
,
to
signifie
honor
and
glory
,
The
King
religiously
remaining
on
his
knees
,
the
three
Archbishops
lifting
him
up
,
lead
him
to
the
Altar
,
where
again
the
Lords
that
have
the
7
offices
of
the
kingdom
,
cause
him
to
swear
to
do
the
duty
of
a
good
Prince
,
and
to
observe
the
priviledges
&
immunities
of
the
Citie
and
Kingdom
.
Afterward
they
lead
him
to
sit
on
the
left
hand
not
far
from
the
Legate
in
a
chair
of
state
covered
with
cloth
of
gold
,
The
Golden
Scepter
&
the
sword
,
the
one
signifieth
that
he
commandeth
the
people
,
and
the
other
that
he
pursueth
the
enemies
in
the
name
of
Christ
.
and
the
Legate
with
a
loud
voyce
proclaimeth
him
King
of
Naples
and
Ierusalem
:
And
the
seven
officers
of
the
kingdom
,
with
the
Recorder
,
in
token
of
obedience
kisse
his
hand
,
and
the
like
is
done
by
the
Princes
and
Nobility
of
the
kingdom
These
ceremonies
finished
,
the
King
receiveth
the
Communion
,
where
begins
to
sound
the
Organs
,
Trumpets
,
Cornets
,
and
other
Instruments
,
discharging
the
Artillery
,
and
making
great
triumph
and
joy
;
and
so
Mass
being
ended
,
the
King
useth
to
invest
many
Lords
into
their
States
.
The
King
being
mounted
upon
his
horse
,
entreth
under
the
Canopy
embrodered
with
gold
,
in
the
top
whereof
gently
wave
up
and
down
the
Kings
Arms
,
both
of
the
Kingdom
,
of
the
Citie
,
and
of
the
Provinces
,
carried
by
men
of
dignity
and
honor
,
The
Ring
and
the
Bracelet
signifie
faith
and
purity
.
which
at
one
and
the
same
time
succeed
in
their
honors
and
in
their
labours
.
Then
beginneth
the
order
of
the
pomp
and
state
to
march
forward
;
the
which
I
will
omit
to
declare
,
lest
I
should
seem
too
tedious
,
leaving
it
to
every
one
to
consider
thereof
.
The
Apple
signifieth
the
Kingdom
.
And
this
great
King
is
exempted
from
the
Empire
▪
neither
acknowledgeth
he
any
superior
being
a
feudist
of
the
Church
,
the
which
Andrea
d'
Sormia
confirmeth
in
his
Preambles
concerning
tribute
in
the
ninth
column
:
and
likewise
Mattheo
d'
Afflitto
,
The
Crown
declareth
glory
.
&
many
other
worthy
Lawyers
discourse
thereof
,
the
which
the
most
say
,
that
the
King
of
Naples
is
one
of
the
aforesaid
four
Kings
that
are
anointed
,
and
crowned
by
the
order
of
the
Pope
.
Besides
,
he
goeth
before
the
elected
Emperour
being
not
crowned
;
The
King
of
Naples
is
crowned
with
an
Imperiall
crown
.
because
that
before
his
coronation
he
is
called
King
of
the
Romans
:
but
being
anointed
and
crowned
,
he
is
then
called
the
Roman
Emperour
.
Moreover
,
the
said
four
kings
do
not
follow
behind
the
Emperor
,
as
other
kings
that
are
subject
to
him
,
but
go
by
his
side
;
whereby
it
appeareth
,
that
the
King
of
Naples
is
one
of
the
great
Kings
of
the
world
,
as
well
in
dignity
as
honor
of
the
Empire
,
therefore
I
think
it
not
much
expedient
to
take
any
great
pains
in
expressing
it
,
since
the
reputation
thereof
is
well
known
to
all
that
have
any
experience
in
learning
.
Sufficient
is
said
hereof
,
for
the
Emperour
Charls
the
5.
in
the
year
1554.
marrying
his
first
begotten
son
Philip
Prince
of
Spain
,
to
Queen
Mary
of
England
,
would
not
invest
him
with
any
other
Title
,
then
the
kingdom
of
Naples
and
Ierusalem
,
to
the
end
he
should
not
be
inferior
to
so
great
a
Queen
.
And
so
much
concerning
the
coronation
of
the
Kings
of
Naples
.
A
brief
Discourse
of
the
Kings
of
IERVSALEM
;
Beginning
from
Godfrey
,
where
is
shewed
the
true
cause
,
why
the
Kings
of
NAPLES
are
intituled
to
that
Kingdom
.
THe
subject
of
this
Discourse
we
have
here
to
handle
,
requireth
that
I
also
shew
and
declare
the
reason
and
cause
by
what
right
all
the
Kings
of
Naples
have
been
intituled
to
the
kingdom
of
Ierusalem
,
a
discourse
both
for
the
greatness
and
excellency
of
the
matter
,
worthy
to
be
known
,
from
the
true
understanding
whereof
,
every
one
may
evidently
see
and
perceive
the
great
dignity
and
honor
of
the
Kings
of
Naples
,
and
by
what
right
and
title
the
said
kingdom
more
justly
belongeth
to
them
then
any
other
.
For
the
better
knowledge
whereof
it
is
necessary
I
briefly
begin
from
the
first
Christian
King
of
that
kingdom
.
After
the
death
of
Godfrey
,
was
Baldwin
beforesaid
Count
of
Edissa
his
brother
made
King
of
Ierusalem
in
his
place
,
which
was
a
man
of
great
valor
,
Edissa
a
City
of
Mesopotamia
,
from
whence
Tobias
sent
his
son
to
Gabellus
,
and
where
Thaddeus
the
Apostle
was
converted
to
the
Christian
faith
.
for
he
wan
the
Citie
of
Tiberiade
in
Galile
,
Sidon
,
Accaron
,
and
many
more
upon
the
Sea-coast
,
and
with
the
help
of
the
Genoways
and
Venetians
afterward
overcame
the
strong
Citie
of
Tolomaida
,
he
had
also
the
Castle
of
Soball
,
which
stands
upon
the
river
of
Iordan
,
and
did
much
increase
his
dominion
.
At
length
having
reigned
18
years
,
ended
his
life
without
children
,
and
was
buried
in
the
same
Sepulcher
with
his
brother
.
By
the
death
of
Baldwin
,
was
Baldwin
the
second
of
Burges
.
in
France
,
made
King
by
the
generall
consent
of
the
Christians
,
who
was
cousin
germain
to
the
two
aforesaid
Kings
of
Ierusalem
;
and
in
the
second
year
of
his
reign
,
the
Prince
of
the
Turks
in
Asia
minor
,
coming
upon
Gaza
with
a
mighty
Army
,
he
valiantly
encountred
,
overcame
,
and
took
him
prisoner
.
And
in
the
year
following
,
The
victory
of
Baldwin
.
the
King
of
Damasco
suddenly
besieged
the
gates
of
Ierusalem
with
fifteen
thousand
fighting
men
:
Baldwin
couragiously
issuing
out
,
and
valiantly
charging
them
,
at
length
put
them
to
flight
,
and
slew
two
thousand
of
them
,
and
took
their
King
with
a
thousand
prisoners
,
and
lost
but
onely
thirty
men
.
Not
long
after
,
Baldwin
taken
prisoner
Balach
King
of
the
Parthians
arriving
with
a
mighty
Army
,
encountred
with
Baldwin
hand
to
hand
,
overcame
him
,
and
carried
him
prisoner
to
Cairo
,
with
many
Christian
Noble
men
.
But
at
length
Baldwin
with
the
said
Christian
Nobility
,
were
released
with
the
payment
of
a
great
sum
of
money
,
and
the
King
returned
to
Ierusalem
,
where
reigning
thirteen
years
,
died
without
issue
Male
;
and
Fulk
Count
of
Anjou
his
son-in-law
,
Fulk
of
An●o●
King
of
Ierusalem
.
succeeded
him
in
the
kingdom
,
who
had
married
his
daughter
Melesina
,
against
whom
the
Barbarians
durst
never
move
any
war
,
because
of
his
two
sons
Baldwin
and
Almerich
,
expert
and
valiant
souldiers
,
who
being
imployed
as
Deputies
in
his
affairs
,
executed
many
great
slaughters
on
the
Turks
.
After
this
valiant
King
had
reigned
11
years
,
running
in
hunting
after
a
Hare
,
his
horse
falling
with
his
head
downward
,
The
death
of
Baldwin
the
2.
died
presently
.
Whereupon
his
son
Baldwin
the
Great
,
and
third
of
this
name
,
was
made
King
,
who
took
Ascalon
and
Gaza
,
ancient
Cities
,
and
gave
them
to
the
Knights
of
the
Temple
.
Baldwin
performing
other
famous
and
worthy
deeds
of
Arms
,
after
he
had
reigned
24
years
,
died
,
and
was
buried
in
the
holy
Temple
with
the
other
Kings
,
and
Almerich
his
brother
succeded
in
the
kingdom
,
Almerick
succeeded
Baldwin
.
a
valiant
man
,
who
had
many
conflicts
with
the
Turks
,
and
took
the
Citie
of
Alexandria
in
Aegypt
.
Afterward
he
went
against
the
great
and
mighty
Citie
Cairo
,
called
in
ancient
time
Carra
,
and
besieged
it
;
and
being
very
likely
to
win
it
,
notwithstanding
through
the
instigations
of
the
Citizens
,
received
a
great
sum
of
money
,
left
the
siege
,
and
returned
again
to
Ierusalem
,
and
not
long
after
died
,
having
reigne
12
years
,
The
death
of
Almerick
.
leaving
behind
him
three
children
,
Baldwin
,
Sybilla
,
and
Isabella
;
to
whom
succeeded
in
his
kingdom
Baldwin
the
fourth
of
this
name
,
his
first
begotten
,
who
though
he
had
the
leprosie
,
notwithstanding
he
did
very
valiantly
and
politickly
govern
the
kingdom
,
and
having
no
wife
,
yet
because
the
Realm
should
not
want
a
sufficient
heir
to
succeed
him
,
he
married
his
sister
Sybel
to
William
Longspath
,
Marquess
of
Montferrato
;
and
Isabell
his
youngest
sister
he
promised
with
Jewels
&
Treasure
to
Erfrando
of
Tours
,
Governor
of
the
Rhodes
.
Marquess
of
Monferrato
the
Governour
of
Ierusalem
.
This
Marquess
William
had
the
government
of
Ierusalem
;
but
being
a
weak
&
impotent
King
,
did
notwithstanding
many
famous
and
worthy
deeds
;
but
he
little
enjoyed
the
benefit
of
his
victories
,
for
that
in
the
beginning
of
the
second
year
of
his
reign
he
died
,
and
left
after
him
one
onely
son
,
called
Baldwin
:
Baldwin
the
King
being
desirous
to
provide
for
his
Nephew
,
married
again
his
sister
Sybell
to
Guy
of
Puite
Lubrun
,
son
of
Hugh
Lubrun
Duke
of
Merchia
and
Governor
of
Lusignon
in
France
,
with
this
agreement
,
that
after
his
death
the
said
Guy
should
govern
the
kingdom
till
Baldwin
his
Nephew
were
of
sufficient
age
.
But
Guy
carrying
himself
haughty
and
over-proud
in
the
government
of
the
said
kingdom
,
was
dismist
again
by
Baldwin
the
King
:
This
was
in
the
year
1183.
Moreover
,
he
procured
Pope
Lucius
the
third
to
annoint
and
crown
his
Nephew
King
Baldwin
the
fifth
being
but
a
child
,
and
appointed
him
Bertrand
Count
of
Tripoly
his
Governor
and
protector
of
the
kingdom
.
Thus
King
Baldwin
the
fourth
reigning
6
years
died
,
The
death
of
Baldwin
the
4.
leaving
Count
Tripoly
Tutor
(
as
is
said
)
of
young
Baldwin
the
fifth
;
but
he
resigning
his
charge
,
being
withstood
by
Sybel
the
mother
of
the
Boy
,
The
death
of
Baldwin
the
5.
and
Guy
her
husband
:
But
in
the
beginning
of
the
eighth
moneth
the
little
king
Baldwin
died
;
whose
death
the
mother
concealed
so
long
,
as
the
effecting
of
her
intended
purpose
required
,
insomuch
that
what
with
flattering
and
fair
words
,
and
with
large
gifts
she
wan
the
Patriark
Eraclio
,
with
the
Nobility
and
principal
men
of
authority
in
the
kingdom
,
to
create
Guy
her
husband
King
.
The
Count
understanding
this
,
fuming
thereat
,
being
incensed
with
rage
,
and
envying
the
prosperity
of
Guy
,
made
peace
with
Salandine
King
of
the
Sarasins
,
promising
to
aid
him
against
King
Guy
.
The
Salandine
being
now
at
peace
with
the
Christians
,
found
opportunity
by
the
discord
of
these
Princes
to
break
it
;
because
the
Christian
Prince
of
Montreale
,
which
governed
the
countrey
from
that
to
the
river
Iordan
,
being
on
every
side
inhabited
with
Sarasins
who
continually
carried
their
commodities
to
Ierusalem
without
the
Kings
knowledge
,
suddenly
brake
the
truce
;
for
the
Salandine
saw
the
time
was
now
come
which
he
long
expected
,
assembled
together
fifty
thousand
Horsmen
,
and
an
infinite
company
of
Footmen
without
number
,
and
got
many
cities
of
the
Christians
,
and
increasing
their
Army
with
the
people
of
the
countrey
,
took
Ierusalem
by
covenant
after
they
had
besieged
it
one
moneth
.
This
was
done
the
second
of
October
1187
in
the
third
yeare
of
King
Guy
,
Jerusalem
taken
by
the
Soldan
.
having
been
in
the
possession
of
the
Christians
89
years
.
Salandine
entring
Ierusalem
,
caused
first
the
steeples
and
bells
to
be
thrown
down
,
and
of
the
Churches
he
made
stables
for
his
horses
,
onely
he
reserved
the
Temple
of
Solomon
,
which
was
washed
with
Rose-water
at
his
first
entrance
.
Afterward
he
went
to
Tolomayda
and
besieged
it
,
wherein
was
the
King
and
Sybel
his
wife
,
with
four
children
,
who
with
the
children
died
together
of
a
bloody
flux
.
Now
(
as
we
have
said
before
)
was
promised
to
Erfrando
of
Turon
Master
of
the
Rhodes
,
a
noble
young
man
,
Isabel
to
wife
,
the
sister
of
Sybel
,
a
virgin
,
and
also
the
daughter
of
Baldwin
the
fourth
,
and
sixth
King
of
Ierusalem
,
who
now
by
the
death
of
Sybel
was
next
heir
to
her
Fathers
kingdom
.
This
expectation
increased
a
better
regard
of
the
Barons
and
Christian
Princes
towards
Erfrando
.
But
Conrado
Longspath
Marquess
of
Monferrato
understanding
the
sudden
death
of
Sibel
and
her
children
,
being
desirous
of
Soveraignty
,
and
also
enamored
of
Isabel
his
neer
kinswoman
,
secretly
stole
her
away
,
but
with
her
own
consent
,
and
conveyed
her
to
Tyre
,
Conrado
Longa●patho
Marquis
of
Monferrato
made
King
of
Ierusalem
.
and
there
privatly
married
her
.
And
so
all
the
right
of
the
kingdom
of
Ierusalem
came
to
him
by
his
wife
Isabel
;
whereupon
he
was
intituled
King
of
that
kingdom
.
The
year
1190
after
Philip
King
of
France
had
sollicited
Richard
King
of
England
to
go
into
Soria
;
but
King
Richard
defer'd
his
going
till
the
year
following
.
Richard
afterward
observing
his
promise
,
came
to
Messina
in
the
moneth
of
September
,
where
Philip
also
was
,
from
whence
they
departed
having
a
prosperous
wind
.
Cyprus
surprised
by
the
King
of
England
.
Philip
in
a
short
time
arrived
at
Tolomayda
;
but
Richard
by
a
tempest
was
driven
to
Cyprus
,
where
Chirsack
Duke
of
the
Island
,
denied
him
harbour
;
whose
discourtesie
he
took
with
such
discontent
,
as
by
meer
force
surprized
the
Island
,
and
sacking
it
,
planted
a
strong
guard
of
his
own
people
,
and
from
thence
passed
to
Tolomayda
to
joyn
with
the
Christian
Army
.
The
Knights
of
the
Temple
made
Governors
of
Cyprus
.
Not
long
after
he
sold
the
said
Island
to
the
Knights
of
the
Temple
for
a
hundred
thousand
crowns
,
who
ill
governing
the
same
,
were
forced
by
the
power
of
the
Cypriots
to
depart
thence
,
and
so
the
Knights
restored
it
again
to
Richard
,
who
likewise
returned
them
their
money
;
and
with
the
same
conditions
the
year
1193
,
Guy
of
Lusignon
first
●ing
of
Cyprus
.
gave
it
to
Guy
of
Puite
Lubrun
Lusignon
in
France
,
husband
to
Isabel
,
sister
of
King
Baldwin
,
who
before
was
enforced
to
flye
Ierusalem
,
in
consideration
whereof
he
resigned
unto
him
all
the
Title
and
Interest
he
had
to
the
kingdom
of
Ierusalem
;
and
for
this
cause
the
King
of
England
began
to
be
called
King
of
Ierusalem
;
and
King
Guy
took
the
possession
of
Cyprus
,
and
was
called
King
of
the
said
Isle
.
The
which
right
to
the
kingdom
of
Ierusalem
was
nothing
,
because
the
same
by
all
law
now
justly
belonged
to
Isabel
the
daughter
of
King
Baldwin
,
wife
of
Conrado
Marquess
of
Monferrato
;
therefore
can
no
right
or
title
be
attributed
to
the
King
of
England
herein
.
Not
long
after
the
King
Conrado
of
Monferrato
was
slain
in
Tyre
by
two
Sarazins
called
Arsacides
,
The
death
of
King
Con●●do
.
not
leaving
any
male
children
,
but
one
onely
daughter
called
Mary
.
The
Queen
Isabel
married
again
,
and
had
to
her
husband
Henry
Count
of
Campania
,
who
indowed
her
with
the
Signiory
of
Tyre
:
but
that
unhappy
young
man
,
The
death
of
Henry
Earl
of
of
Ciampania
.
living
not
many
years
with
his
wife
,
unfortunately
sell
from
a
loft
or
chamber
in
his
own
Palace
,
and
so
died
,
leaving
three
daughters
,
Agnesa
,
Melisina
,
and
Alicia
.
Queen
Isabel
remaining
thus
a
widow
,
married
again
the
third
time
with
Almerick
Puite
Lubrun
Lusignon
,
Almerick
King
of
Cyprus
,
the
third
husband
of
Isabel.
King
of
Cyprus
,
who
by
the
death
of
Guy
his
brother
,
succeeded
in
the
said
kingdom
,
and
was
second
King
of
Cyprus
;
and
in
the
right
of
Isabell
his
wife
was
also
called
King
of
Ierusalem
,
by
whom
he
had
three
children
,
Amarin
,
Sybilla
and
Melisenda
,
but
Amarin
died
young
.
King
Almerick
married
Sybil
to
Livon
,
King
of
Armenia
;
and
Melisenda
the
youngest
daughter
was
married
to
Raymond
Rupini
,
Nephew
of
the
said
King
of
Armenia
,
and
his
successor
in
the
kingdom
;
the
which
Raymond
was
then
Prince
of
Antioch
.
Of
this
Melisenda
wife
of
Prince
Raymond
Rupini
,
was
born
that
Mary
,
who
in
the
year
1276
,
resigned
to
Charls
of
Anjou
King
of
Naples
the
claim
and
Title
she
pretended
to
the
kingdom
of
Ierusalem
.
At
length
King
Almerick
died
,
leaving
his
kingdom
of
Cyprus
to
Hugo
his
son
,
whom
he
had
by
a
former
wife
,
the
which
Hugo
not
long
after
the
death
of
his
Father
,
married
Isabell
the
daughter
of
Henry
Count
of
Ciampania
,
and
of
his
stepmother
;
and
not
long
after
the
death
of
Almerick
died
also
the
Queen
Isabel
his
wife
,
who
by
her
will
and
testament
bequeathed
the
kingdom
of
Ierusalem
to
Mary
her
daughter
,
whom
she
had
by
Conrado
of
Monferrato
her
first
husband
,
recommending
the
tuition
of
her
to
the
society
of
the
Hospitalers
and
Templers
,
whom
she
appointed
her
Guardians
or
Overseers
.
Afterward
in
the
year
1222
Iohn
Count
of
Brenne
coming
to
Rome
,
having
the
title
of
King
of
Ierusalem
,
by
the
right
of
Mary
his
wife
,
Iohn
Count
Brenne
was
made
Companion
of
the
Empire
of
Constantinople
.
daughter
(
as
is
beforesaid
)
of
King
Conrado
of
Montferrato
,
being
much
honored
,
and
presented
to
the
Pope
,
going
to
Pisa
to
procure
aid
for
his
enterprise
into
Soria
,
gave
to
the
Emperour
Frederick
the
second
King
of
Naples
lately
excommunicated
(
but
now
reconciled
to
the
Church
)
his
onely
daughter
called
Iole
to
wife
,
whom
he
had
by
Mary
his
wife
,
and
in
dowry
with
her
all
the
right
and
title
he
had
to
the
kingdom
of
Ierusalem
.
Whereupon
Frederick
,
and
all
other
that
succeeded
him
in
the
kingdom
of
Naples
,
were
called
Kings
of
Ierusalem
.
And
this
is
one
of
the
reasons
why
all
the
Kings
of
Naples
are
invested
with
the
title
of
Ierusalem
.
Afterward
Frederick
in
the
time
of
Gregory
the
ninth
,
in
the
year
1228
,
being
as
it
were
inforced
,
went
into
Soria
,
yet
managed
his
affairs
with
such
power
and
authority
,
The
Emperour
Frederick
taketh
Ierusalem
.
that
he
agreed
to
conclude
a
peace
with
the
Soldian
for
ten
years
,
who
restored
unto
him
Ierusalem
,
with
all
the
territories
and
kingdom
thereof
,
except
some
few
little
Castles
:
Whereupon
the
Easter
following
in
the
year
1229.
he
was
crowned
in
Ierusalem
,
and
caused
the
Citie
of
Ioppa
now
called
Zaffo
,
to
be
repaired
and
newly
reedified
.
The
Emperour
setling
and
securing
all
things
to
his
content
,
returned
home
into
his
kingdom
;
and
in
glory
of
so
great
triumph
and
victory
,
brought
with
him
Elephants
,
Panthers
,
Dromedaries
,
Leopards
,
white
Bears
,
Lyons
,
Linxes
,
or
spotted
beasts
.
After
this
the
kingdom
of
Naples
and
Sicil
came
into
the
power
and
jurisdiction
of
Charls
of
Anjou
Count
of
Provence
,
for
the
right
and
title
that
his
predecessors
had
,
descended
to
him
as
lawfull
King
thereof
.
Anno
1269.
But
Fortune
willing
to
confirm
and
establish
his
right
,
without
any
crosse
encounter
,
it
came
to
passe
that
Hugo
Puite
Lubrun
Lusignon
the
second
of
this
name
King
of
Cyprus
,
married
Alicia
the
third
daughter
of
Isabel
Queen
of
Ierusalem
,
and
of
Count
Henry
of
Ciampaania
;
the
which
thing
discontenting
the
Princess
Mary
daughter
of
Melisenda
and
Raymond
Rupini
,
Prince
of
Antioch
and
Borgne
,
complained
much
of
King
Hugo
,
This
Hugo
for
his
vertue
and
valor
was
called
the
Great
.
that
being
her
kinsman
,
would
usurp
the
title
which
was
her
right
by
Melisenda
her
mother
being
the
second
daughter
,
and
not
Alicia
his
wife
,
who
was
the
third
begotten
.
Hugo
not
onely
little
esteemed
her
complaints
,
but
also
otherwise
did
ill
intreat
her
Whereupon
the
disdainfull
Princess
Mary
came
to
Rome
,
pretending
her
right
to
the
aforesaid
kingdom
of
Ierusalem
as
the
Neece
of
Queen
Isabel
the
daughter
of
Almerick
naturall
King
of
the
said
kingdom
,
summoned
King
Hugo
before
the
Pope
,
and
so
began
the
stir
and
contention
of
the
title
and
possession
of
the
said
kingdom
:
The
matter
being
much
debated
by
the
Ambassadors
of
King
Hugo
,
who
knowing
it
to
be
far
more
available
for
them
to
have
the
deciding
and
determining
of
the
cause
committed
to
the
Barons
and
Nobility
of
the
holy
Land
;
The
Pope
at
the
first
instance
referred
the
judgement
and
deciding
of
the
matter
to
the
Patriark
of
Ierusalem
,
the
Masters
of
the
Hospitall
and
the
Temple
,
and
other
the
Barons
and
Nobility
of
the
holy
Land
,
who
were
wont
to
have
a
voyce
in
Councell
,
and
election
of
the
Kings
of
Ierusalem
;
the
which
the
Princess
Mary
perceiving
,
being
a
woman
of
great
age
,
Mary
the
daughter
of
Melisenda
,
and
of
Raimond
giveth
her
right
to
K.
Charls
.
weary
and
irksom
of
travell
,
and
the
perils
of
so
long
a
journey
,
being
advised
by
her
friends
,
agreed
with
Charls
of
Anjou
,
receiving
of
him
a
great
sum
of
money
,
renounced
all
her
right
and
title
,
and
resigned
wholly
unto
him
all
her
interest
whatsoever
to
the
kingdom
of
Ierusalem
,
confirming
the
same
by
authentick
and
solemn
writings
,
which
was
in
the
year
1276.
Whereupon
Charls
afterward
by
means
of
the
Pope
,
was
proclaimed
by
lawful
sentence
,
King
of
that
Realm
,
as
well
by
the
ancient
right
of
the
Emperour
Frederick
,
King
Charls
of
Angio
is
proclaimed
lawfull
King
of
Jerusalem
.
as
also
that
of
Mary
;
Insomuch
that
by
the
reasons
aforesaid
it
plainly
appeareth
,
that
the
right
and
title
of
the
kingdom
of
Ierusalem
lawfully
belongeth
to
the
Kings
of
Naples
,
and
to
none
other
;
and
so
the
supposed
titles
both
of
the
King
of
England
,
and
also
of
the
King
of
Cyprus
,
are
little
or
of
no
worth
.
Wherefore
I
do
not
a
little
marvell
that
this
last
right
and
title
was
unknown
both
to
Pandolfo
Colennuccio
,
that
writ
a
brief
Epitome
of
the
kingdom
of
Naples
,
and
also
to
Iacobo
Mainolda
,
who
composed
that
Book
of
the
title
of
Philip
King
of
Spain
,
Naples
and
Ierusalem
,
seeing
the
History
is
so
apparent
.
But
to
return
to
the
matter
,
Charls
for
the
better
security
of
his
affairs
,
sent
suddenly
the
Count
Ruggier
Sanseverin
Governor
into
the
holy
Land
,
who
took
an
oath
of
the
Knights
of
the
Temple
,
Ruggieri
Sanseverina
sent
to
govern
●erusalem
.
and
Barons
of
the
Realm
,
of
●ealty
and
homage
in
the
name
of
Charls
:
and
so
King
Charls
enjoyed
not
onely
the
said
Realm
,
but
also
by
the
means
of
Ruggier
and
other
Captains
,
held
a
great
part
of
Aegypt
.
And
we
have
often
understood
of
many
brethren
of
St
Francis
,
and
other
persons
worthy
credit
that
have
been
in
Ierusalem
and
in
other
places
in
Aegypt
,
that
in
many
stately
buildings
in
those
places
,
there
is
yet
seen
the
Arms
of
King
Charls
▪
the
which
doe
manifestly
shew
the
great
power
and
valor
of
that
good
King
.
But
since
occasion
is
now
offered
me
,
it
will
not
be
amiss
if
I
shew
what
the
Arms
of
the
kingdom
of
Naples
are
,
although
we
have
writ
thereof
,
at
full
,
in
the
book
of
the
life
of
the
Kings
of
Naples
;
but
being
rather
enforced
through
the
envy
of
some
who
have
written
concerning
the
Arms
of
the
said
kingdom
,
The
Arms
of
the
kingdom
of
Naples
.
and
briefly
discourst
thereon
.
The
Ensign
or
Arms
then
of
this
most
noble
kingdom
,
is
a
Field
Azure
,
replenished
with
Flour
de
lices
Or
,
which
at
first
was
charged
with
a
Labell
of
four
points
gules
,
being
carried
as
the
impress
of
Charls
the
first
of
Anjou
,
with
this
Motto
or
Emblem
,
Noxias
Herbas
,
what
time
he
came
to
the
winning
of
the
kingdom
of
Naples
,
and
to
expell
and
drive
away
King
Manfred
enemy
to
the
Church
,
whom
he
overcame
and
slew
.
Charls
in
remembrance
of
so
happy
a
victory
,
beautified
the
kingdom
with
these
Arms
,
holding
that
field
and
flour
de
lices
with
the
Labell
for
a
particular
Arms
in
memory
of
the
said
happy
victory
.
Stopping
the
mouths
of
those
envious
backbiters
,
who
say
the
Arms
of
this
Noble
kingdom
,
was
an
Ass
devouring
his
old
furniture
or
trappings
upon
him
,
looked
backward
for
new
,
meaning
thereby
the
instability
of
this
happy
kingdom
,
loving
always
new
Governors
like
the
Asses
figure
,
which
was
devised
by
gross
Asses
,
to
dishonor
and
discredit
this
noble
kingdom
;
but
it
is
certain
this
little
kingdom
hath
sustained
great
oppression
,
they
imputing
it
to
no
other
sense
,
have
feigned
this
Asinine
simplicity
;
which
saying
the
envious
have
not
stuck
to
publish
in
books
.
Manner
of
writing
used
by
the
Arragonian
Kings
of
Naples
writing
to
divers
Princes
.
KIng
Alphonso
to
the
Emperour
of
Germany
,
was
wont
to
write
in
parchment
in
th'
infrascribed
manner
.
To
the
most
renowned
Prince
,
and
most
excellent
Lord
,
Frederick
Emperour
of
the
Romans
,
for
ever
Royall
.
The
subscription
was
thus
,
Alphonsus
by
th'
grace
of
God
King
of
th'
Aragons
,
Sicilie
on
this
side
and
beyond
the
Pharos
,
Valentia
,
Jerusalem
,
Hungaria
,
the
Majorcas
,
Sardinia
,
Corsica
,
&c.
greeting
,
and
increase
of
prosperous
successes
.
And
so
in
the
Occurrences
he
used
to
write
.
Most
renowned
and
most
excellent
Prince
,
we
would
intreat
your
Soveraignty
,
or
your
Mightiness
.
To
the
Emperour
of
Constantinople
.
To
the
most
renowned
and
most
excellent
Lord
Drage
Paleologo
,
Emperour
of
the
Romans
,
for
ever
royall
,
our
most
dear
kinsman
.
The
subscription
was
as
above
.
To
Prester
Iohn
of
India
.
To
the
most
eminent
and
most
unconquerable
Monarch
,
Lord
Isaack
Prester
Iohn
,
sonn
of
David
,
Lord
of
the
Tables
,
Mount
Sinai
,
Aethiopia
,
King
of
Kings
,
our
most
dear
brother
.
The
subscription
in
the
manner
aforesaid
.
To
the
great
Turk
.
To
the
most
renowned
Prince
Amorat
Bechi
,
great
Lord
of
the
Theucrians
,
our
most
dear
friend
.
To
the
great
Soldan
of
Babylon
.
To
the
most
Illustrious
Prince
Abuysac
Iamac
,
great
Soldan
of
Babylon
.
To
the
King
of
France
.
To
the
most
renowned
Prince
Charls
King
of
the
French
,
our
most
loving
kinsman
and
friend
.
To
the
King
of
England
.
To
the
most
renowned
Prince
Henry
,
King
of
England
,
our
most
dear
kinsman
and
friend
.
To
the
King
of
Cyprus
.
To
the
most
worthy
Prince
Iohn
King
of
Cyprus
,
our
most
dear
kinsman
and
friend
.
To
the
King
of
Castile
and
Leon.
To
the
most
renowned
and
Illustrious
Prince
,
Don
Henrich
King
of
Castile
and
Leon
,
our
very
dear
and
very
loving
Cousin
.
To
the
Queen
of
Arragon
.
To
the
most
illustrious
Queen
,
our
most
dear
and
most
beloved
Wife
,
and
Lieutenantess
generall
.
To
the
King
of
Portugall
.
To
the
very
Ilustrious
Prince
Don
Alfonso
King
of
Portugall
and
Algarue
,
our
very
dear
and
well-beloved
Cousin
.
To
the
King
of
Navarre
.
To
the
most
Illustrious
Prince
Don
Iohn
King
of
Navarre
,
our
very
dear
and
much
beloved
Brother
and
Lieutenant
Generall
.
To
the
King
of
Granada
.
To
the
high
Prince
Don
Machand
King
of
Granada
,
our
very
dear
and
much
beloved
friend
.
To
the
King
of
Tunis
.
To
the
most
Illustrious
Prince
Don
Octunne
King
of
Tunis
,
our
very
dear
and
much
beloved
friend
.
To
the
Dolphin
of
France
.
To
the
most
illustrious
Prince
Lewis
,
Dolphin
of
Usania
,
our
most
dear
kinsman
.
To
the
Prince
of
Austria
.
To
the
most
Illustrious
and
our
very
dear
and
much
beloved
Cozen
,
Henry
Prince
of
Austria
,
first
born
in
the
kingdoms
of
Castile
and
Leon.
To
the
Duke
of
Cleves
.
To
the
most
illustrious
Prince
Iohn
,
Duke
of
Cleves
,
our
most
dear
kinsman
and
friend
.
To
the
Duke
of
Osterlich
.
To
the
Illustrious
and
mighty
Albert
Duke
of
Osterlich
.
To
the
Duke
of
Brittannie
.
To
the
Illustrious
and
mighty
Peter
Duke
of
Brittannie
,
our
most
dear
kinsman
and
friend
.
To
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
.
To
the
most
Illustrious
Prince
Philip
Duke
of
Burgundie
,
our
most
dear
kinsman
and
friend
.
To
the
Duke
of
Burgundie
his
eldest
son
.
To
the
most
illustrious
Prince
Charls
,
first
born
of
the
most
illustrious
Duke
of
Burgundie
and
Lord
Charlois
our
most
dear
kinsman
.
To
the
Duke
of
Savoy
.
To
the
Illustrious
and
mighty
Prince
Lewis
Duke
of
Savoy
,
Chablays
our
,
most
dear
kinsman
.
To
the
Earl
of
Foix.
To
the
respected
and
excellent
Gascon
Earl
of
Foix
,
our
most
dear
kinsman
and
friend
.
Names
of
all
the
Vice-roys
of
Naples
▪
which
began
in
the
year
1505.
Year
of
Christ
.
|
Number
of
Vice-roys
.
|
|
1505
|
1
|
COnsalvo
Fernandes
of
the
House
of
Aghilar
a
Cordonese
by
Nation
,
Duke
of
Terranova
,
who
for
his
famous
victories
was
called
the
Great
Captain
.
|
1507
|
2
|
Don
Iohn
of
Arragon
,
Duke
of
Ripacursa
.
|
1510
|
3
|
Don
Raimondo
of
Cardona
Count
of
Albento
.
|
1514
|
|
*
Don
Bernardino
Villamarino
.
*
1517.
Don
Francis
Remolinis
Cardinall
of
Sorrento
were
both
Lieutenants
.
|
1523
|
4
|
Don
Charls
della
Noia
.
|
1526
|
|
*
Andrew
Carrafa
Count
of
St.
Severina
was
a
Lieutenant
.
|
1527
|
5
|
Don
Vgo
of
Moncada
.
|
1528
|
6
|
Philibert
of
Chalon
Prince
of
Orange
.
|
1530
|
7
|
Pompey
Colonna
Cardinall
.
|
1532
|
8
|
Don
Piedro
de
Toledo
,
Marquis
of
Villafranca
.
|
1553
|
9
|
Don
Lewis
of
Toledo
was
Lieutenant
.
|
1554
|
10
|
Don
Pietro
Pacecco
Cardinall
Seguntine
.
|
|
|
*
1554
Don
Bernardine
of
Mendoza
was
Lieutenant
.
|
1555
|
11
|
Don
Ernandez
Alvarez
of
Toledo
Duke
of
Alva
.
|
1559
|
12
|
Bartholomew
Cardinall
of
Cuova
.
|
|
|
*
1559.
Don
Frederico
de
Toledo
.
*
1559.
Don
Iohn
Marique
were
Lieutenants
one
after
the
other
.
|
1559
|
13
|
Don
Perafan
Duke
of
Alcala
.
|
1570
|
14
|
Antony
Perrenotto
Cardinall
of
Granvela
.
|
1577
|
15
|
Don
Innico
of
Mendoza
Marquis
of
Mondesela
.
|
1579
|
16
|
Don
Iohn
Zunica
Prince
of
Pietra
Precia
.
|
1582
|
17
|
Don
Peter
Giron
Duke
of
Ossuna
.
|
1586
|
18
|
Don
Iohn
de
Zunica
Count
of
Miranda
.
|
1596
|
19
|
Don
Henry
de
Gusman
Count
of
Olivares
.
|
1599
|
20
|
Don
Ferdinand
di
Castra
Count
of
Lemos
and
of
Andrada
:
Marquis
of
Sarria
and
Count
of
Villalua
,
went
Ambassador
to
Rome
,
sent
by
Philip
the
second
,
and
left
in
the
kingdom
for
Lieutenant
Don
Francisco
his
son
,
who
governed
with
great
wisdom
.
|
The
seven
principall
Offices
of
the
KINGDOM
.
High
Constable
.
THere
are
seven
principall
or
chief
Offices
in
the
kingdom
,
The
first
whereof
is
,
the
Great
or
High
Constable
,
who
stands
in
place
of
Generall
,
or
the
Kings
Lieutenant
in
the
wars
which
happen
in
the
kingdom
;
and
in
such
a
case
orders
and
provides
for
all
such
things
as
belong
to
the
Militia
.
This
Office
lasts
as
long
as
the
war
:
And
when
the
King
creates
such
a
one
,
he
puts
a
golden
Truncheon
in
his
hand
saying
,
Take
this
sacred
Truncheon
in
thy
hand
to
drive
away
and
keep
back
the
enemies
and
opposers
of
my
people
.
And
this
word
Constable
,
much
used
amongst
Tuscan
Writers
,
did
anciently
signifie
a
Captain
of
a
quantity
of
Cavallery
.
But
in
process
of
time
by
Constable
was
meant
a
Commander
of
Foot-Soldiers
,
the
Captains
of
Horse
beginning
to
be
called
Conductors
.
Bembo
in
his
Latin
History
calls
the
Constable
Centurion
of
Soldiers
.
In
the
kingdom
of
Naples
the
office
of
Constable
signified
not
onely
a
Captain
,
but
one
of
far
greater
authority
,
it
being
of
the
seven
offices
the
greatest
:
And
as
it
hath
been
always
conferred
upon
great
Lords
,
so
we
see
it
at
this
day
setled
upon
the
person
of
N.
He
by
right
commands
all
Martiall
persons
,
as
well
afoot
as
on
hors-back
;
And
in
Royall
Parliaments
sits
next
the
King
on
his
right
hand
.
Pontanus
in
the
fourth
book
of
his
History
of
Naples
speaking
of
the
office
of
the
Constable
,
refused
that
word
as
too
base
and
abject
,
and
not
Roman
,
and
so
named
him
in
Latin
Magnus
militiae
Magister
,
the
great
Master
of
the
Militia
.
Some
would
liken
the
office
of
great
Constable
to
the
Praefectus
Praetorio
,
yet
there
seems
to
be
a
difficulty
in
it
,
seeing
the
Praefectus
Praetorio
was
always
created
out
of
the
Knightly
order
,
which
Rule
is
not
observed
in
the
High
Constable
who
is
alwayes
selected
from
among
the
greatest
and
most
illustrious
Barons
of
the
Kingdom
,
I
believe
their
opinion
was
grounded
upon
this
,
that
the
Praefectus
Praetorio
was
next
to
the
Prince
a
supream
office
,
depending
upon
none
else
,
over
all
the
Militia
,
just
as
the
high
Constable
is
amongst
us
;
he
hath
219●
Duckets
a
year
pay
,
and
pretends
in
time
of
service
when
the
war
is
without
the
kingdom
,
he
ought
to
have
it
double
:
Whereupon
there
is
a
consultation
depending
in
the
Royall
Chamber
,
which
is
yet
undecided
.
High
Admirall
.
THe
High
Admirall
is
the
second
Office
of
the
kingdom
:
And
though
the
Great
Iustice
have
pretended
to
have
the
second
place
;
yet
there
arising
many
years
ago
,
a
controversie
for
precedencie
between
the
Duke
of
Somma
,
high
Admirall
,
and
the
Duke
of
Amalfi
chief
Justice
,
and
the
question
being
,
which
of
them
should
at
that
time
precede
,
it
was
thus
judged
,
That
for
the
present
the
Duke
of
Somma
as
high
Admirall
,
should
precede
the
chief
Justice
,
and
this
was
done
in
a
summary
kind
of
judgment
:
for
the
Viceroy
who
was
at
that
time
,
having
called
together
the
Regents
before
he
went
to
the
Chappell
on
a
Sunday
morning
,
he
caused
this
question
to
be
resolved
standing
,
so
far
that
the
Usher
was
commanded
to
say
,
That
his
Excellency
commanded
the
High
Admirall
should
go
before
the
chief
Justice
,
not
debarring
howsoever
the
chief
Justice
of
any
reasons
which
he
might
hereafter
alledge
for
himself
.
Signior
Agnolo
of
Costanzo
told
me
that
one
of
those
Regents
being
called
by
the
Viceroy
that
very
morning
wherein
he
had
commanded
the
Usher
to
publish
that
Order
,
had
told
him
they
were
moved
to
give
sentence
on
the
high
Admirals
behalf
;
because
there
was
a
very
ancient
Record
sound
in
the
Kings
Chancery
,
by
which
it
plainly
appeared
,
that
in
a
Parliament
held
in
the
time
of
Charls
the
third
,
King
of
Naples
,
Thomas
Marzano
Count
of
Squillace
,
high
Admirall
,
preceded
Rogger
Acclocciamuro
chief
Justice
.
And
this
Record
is
likewise
made
mention
of
by
Martin
Frezza
in
his
first
book
de
Subseudis
pag.
54.
num.
35.
And
though
in
the
Parliament
held
by
King
Alphonso
in
Benevento
,
they
seemed
to
sit
in
another
order
,
yet
because
there
was
no
authenticall
Record
thereof
extant
,
as
of
that
of
Charls
the
third
,
judgement
was
given
on
the
high
Admirals
side
;
and
so
much
the
rather
,
because
it
seems
to
be
very
just
,
that
the
Generall
of
the
Sea
,
who
is
the
Admiral
,
should
immediatly
follow
the
Land
Generall
,
which
is
the
Constable
.
This
Office
alone
,
of
all
the
other
seven
,
retains
to
this
hour
its
jurisdiction
,
which
all
the
rest
have
lost
.
And
from
this
also
hath
been
taken
away
the
Generalship
of
the
Gallies
of
the
kingdom
,
though
there
yet
belongs
unto
him
a
very
large
jurisdiction
both
in
Naples
and
elswhere
through
all
the
kingdom
;
over
all
those
which
any
way
by
industry
live
upon
the
trade
of
the
Sea
.
The
great
Court
of
Admiralty
hath
its
name
of
Great
,
even
just
as
that
of
the
Vicaria
,
and
its
Tribunall
is
governed
by
one
or
more
Judges
,
according
to
the
high
Admirals
pleasure
.
He
chuses
his
Lieutenant
,
who
carries
in
his
hand
the
staff
of
Jurisdiction
,
as
the
Regent
of
the
Vicaria
doth
:
And
he
as
well
as
the
Judge
,
hath
a
place
in
the
Royall
Chappell
,
next
to
the
last
Judge
of
the
Civill
Vicaria
,
as
Frezza
saith
,
lib.
3.
pag.
432.
num.
23.
He
may
likewise
appoint
fifty
men
for
the
guard
of
his
person
,
with
fifty
Constables
on
Horseback
,
and
25
Commensali
,
or
fellow
Boorders
,
and
other
persons
,
as
is
contained
in
his
priviledges
,
which
may
go
armed
in
the
Citie
of
Naples
,
and
all
the
kingdom
over
with
any
manner
of
Arms
,
though
they
be
prohibited
by
the
law
.
He
hath
also
all
his
houshold
Officers
,
and
such
Officers
also
as
belong
to
his
Court
.
He
appoints
in
every
Sea-town
a
Vice-Admirall
,
a
Register
,
and
two
Marshals
:
and
in
every
Province
a
Provinciall
Vice-Admirall
with
six
Marshals
,
and
all
subject
to
his
jurisdiction
.
All
shipwracks
either
of
Infidels
or
unknown
masters
are
his
.
When
he
purposes
to
keep
Court
for
execution
of
justice
,
he
sets
up
his
Flag
,
hath
a
Captain
of
the
guard
,
and
his
Marshals
.
His
stipend
is
,
besides
six
Duckets
a
day
,
which
all
the
other
six
Officers
have
,
which
comes
every
year
to
2160
Duckets
;
every
moneth
a
hundred
Duckets
as
he
is
Generall
of
the
Sea
:
He
hath
for
every
Bark
or
Boat
,
a
Carline
,
by
reason
of
their
Pennons
which
are
certain
little
Flaggs
with
the
high
Admirals
Arms
upon
them
,
which
every
master
of
Boat
or
Bark
is
bound
to
carry
by
his
Lanthorn
,
none
can
put
any
vessels
to
sea
against
the
Infidels
without
his
license
,
for
which
he
is
to
pay
a
certain
rate
;
and
of
the
prizes
also
when
any
are
taken
,
there
belongs
a
share
to
the
high
Admirall
▪
He
hath
also
all
the
bodies
of
the
vessels
which
are
taken
,
with
other
pledges
,
and
those
which
by
chance
are
sunk
in
the
sea
;
he
hath
also
I
know
not
how
many
barrows
of
Salt
of
the
old
measure
for
his
house
provision
.
He
pays
no
Custome
or
Toll
,
nor
gives
no
account
for
any
thing
he
exports
out
of
the
kingdom
by
sea
,
though
others
pay
for
such
things
.
He
hath
moreover
very
many
other
prerogatives
and
preheminencies
,
which
may
be
read
in
the
Orders
of
the
Office
of
the
high
Court
of
Admiralty
,
which
for
brevity
I
omit
,
of
which
to
this
day
the
high
Admirall
is
possessed
.
Chief
Iustice
.
THe
third
Office
is
that
of
Chief
Iustice
,
which
hath
the
supream
place
of
exercising
Justice
,
as
well
Civill
as
Criminall
in
the
whole
kingdom
of
Naples
.
His
Lieutenant
is
called
the
Regent
of
the
Vicaria
,
and
hath
his
Judges
both
Criminall
and
Civill
,
and
his
Tribunall
is
the
Court
of
the
Vicaria
.
The
Chief
Iustice
his
stipend
is
two
thousand
one
hundred
and
ninety
Duckets
;
and
the
Regent
hath
six
hundred
Duckets
,
he
hath
also
the
profits
of
the
licenses
of
the
Sword
,
which
are
two
and
twenty
grains
and
half
,
for
every
license
,
which
may
come
every
year
to
two
thousand
Duckets
.
High
Chamberlain
.
THe
fourth
Office
is
that
of
High
Chamberlain
,
&
is
so
called
by
reason
he
hath
partciular
care
of
the
Royal
Chamber
,
and
every
thing
else
therby
belonging
to
his
King
.
His
Lieutenant
hath
his
Tribunall
,
called
the
Chamber
of
the
Summaria
,
where
there
is
nothing
treated
of
neither
by
his
Lieutenant
nor
by
the
Presidents
but
of
such
differences
as
arise
between
private
men
,
and
the
Kings
Treasury
or
Exchequer
.
His
stipend
is
two
thousand
one
hundred
and
ninety
Duckets
;
and
hath
moreover
Ius
Tappeti
of
the
Captainships
which
are
given
within
the
lands
of
Demains
of
the
kingdom
for
the
administration
of
Justice
,
and
for
some
he
hath
six
Duckets
a
year
,
for
some
three
,
and
for
some
twelve
,
when
they
are
dispatched
:
He
receives
also
of
Barons
which
pay
homage
to
the
Royall
Court
eight
Carlines
for
an
ounce
,
for
any
such
sum
the
said
homages
amount
unto
,
which
one
year
with
another
are
judged
to
amount
to
two
thousand
Duckets
a
year
.
He
hath
moreover
from
the
Royall
Court
24
Bushels
of
Salt
,
and
36
fine
Sugar-loaves
every
year
.
Has
Lieutenant
hath
one
thousand
Duckets
a
year
stipend
,
and
the
Presidents
six
hundred
,
and
they
also
have
their
emoluments
.
Grand
Protonotary
.
THe
fifth
Office
is
that
of
Grand
Protonotary
,
to
which
Office
at
first
belonged
to
read
before
the
King
,
and
keep
all
his
writings
.
Then
the
Catholick
King
transferred
the
care
of
that
to
the
Secretary
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
to
the
Clerks
of
Commissions
;
so
that
whereas
this
Office
was
at
first
of
great
authority
,
so
now
there
remains
nothing
to
the
Vice-protonotary
,
but
the
creating
of
Notaries
and
Judges
of
Contracts
,
and
legitimating
of
Bastards
.
The
stipend
he
hath
is
according
to
the
rest
.
He
hath
moreover
the
emoluments
of
Notaries
,
and
of
Judges
of
Royall
Contracts
which
are
made
within
the
kingdom
,
&
the
legitimations
which
are
granted
,
the
dues
of
which
emoluments
belonging
to
him
,
are
these
:
For
a
Notariship
two
Duckets
,
and
six
for
the
judgement
when
it
is
all
over
the
kingdom
;
but
when
it
is
for
a
Province
,
four
Duckets
,
and
for
every
legitimation
a
Ducket
;
which
emoluments
are
thought
to
be
worth
to
him
yearly
1●00
Duckets
.
High
Chancellor
.
THe
sixth
Office
of
the
kingdom
is
that
of
High
Chancellor
,
which
serves
both
for
Secretary
and
Chancellor
in
occurrent
businesses
,
and
he
keeps
the
Royall
Seal
.
He
takes
care
also
when
any
one
will
take
the
degree
of
Doctor
,
to
have
him
examined
by
the
Colledge
of
Doctors
;
by
which
being
approved
for
sufficient
,
in
the
Kings
name
he
gives
him
his
degree
.
This
Office
was
wont
to
be
given
by
our
French
Kings
to
Prelats
.
His
stipend
differs
not
from
the
other
.
He
hath
moreover
the
emoluments
of
the
Students
which
come
to
the
Doctors
of
the
Law
,
and
of
Physick
,
which
are
worth
some
2000
Duckets
a
year
.
He
hath
power
to
chuse
and
appoint
his
Vicechancellor
,
who
paticipates
of
his
emoluments
.
High
Steward
.
THe
seventh
Office
is
High
Steward
,
who
hath
particular
care
of
providing
all
things
which
concern
the
Kings
daily
ordinary
diet
,
and
his
Court.
The
name
of
such
an
Office
is
thought
to
have
come
out
of
France
,
from
whence
came
also
that
of
Marshall
,
which
as
we
may
perceive
,
seem
to
have
a
kind
of
conjunction
and
affinity
together
.
Athenaeus
a
very
subtile
indagator
of
Antiquities
,
calls
the
Steward
Elatrus
:
He
saith
moreover
there
was
such
an
Office
very
much
respected
amongst
the
Ancients
;
he
hath
two
thousand
one
hundred
and
ninety
Duckets
a
year
.
A
Discourse
of
the
order
and
the
fashion
or
form
of
the
Crowns
of
the
Nobility
of
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
.
FIrst
of
all
,
before
I
declare
how
many
,
and
who
be
the
intituled
Lords
of
this
famous
kingdom
,
I
esteem
it
a
thing
very
convenient
briefly
to
set
down
(
forasmuch
as
the
quality
of
the
matter
so
requireth
)
the
differences
of
the
Crowns
which
they
use
:
And
although
many
excellent
Lawyers
have
written
thereon
,
nevertheless
(
as
I
have
said
)
the
subject
thereof
so
requiring
,
I
think
it
fit
to
discourse
something
thereof
,
the
better
to
satisfie
the
Reader
,
and
to
leave
nothing
unperfect
.
Athenaeo
of
the
invention
of
the
crown
.
Athenaeo
then
writeth
that
the
Crown
was
invented
by
our
Ancestors
as
a
badge
of
honor
for
the
ornament
of
the
head
,
wherein
the
beginning
and
foundation
of
the
senses
being
placed
,
nature
hath
put
as
it
were
in
a
rock
and
fortresse
of
the
whole
body
,
that
power
of
the
soul
which
we
call
Reason
or
Understanding
.
Aristotle
was
of
opinion
that
the
Crown
was
first
invented
by
quaffers
and
drinkers
,
to
repress
the
force
and
inflammation
of
wine
;
Aristotle
of
the
crown
.
which
ascending
with
the
fume
into
the
head
,
moveth
some
pain
in
that
part
;
the
which
thing
being
found
to
be
true
,
it
might
be
then
(
because
it
gave
also
ornament
and
comeliness
)
the
means
to
increase
the
wonderfull
estimation
thereof
:
whereupon
by
some
were
added
certain
little
birds
,
because
pinching
another
mans
forehead
suffered
him
not
to
sleep
,
it
was
also
in
great
use
among
Lovers
.
The
Greeks
in
the
solemnity
of
their
sports
,
used
a
crown
of
the
Pine
tree
,
the
Achaians
Smallage
,
the
Cappadocians
Mugwort
.
Pliny
affirmeth
,
that
the
first
that
was
crowned
was
Libero
,
Libero
according
to
Pliny
,
was
the
first
which
was
crowned
.
after
whom
the
use
of
that
ceremony
so
much
increased
among
the
Greeks
and
the
Romans
,
that
in
the
end
it
was
brought
upon
the
Altars
in
sacrifice
in
victory
,
and
in
their
sacred
contentions
;
whereupon
ambition
always
increasing
,
men
used
to
sit
with
crowns
on
their
heads
in
their
feasts
and
Bankets
.
At
last
crowns
entring
in
among
Souldiers
and
men
of
war
,
Armies
began
to
give
it
to
their
Captains
to
honor
them
,
and
very
often
Generals
were
crowned
therewith
,
which
carried
themselves
valiantly
in
any
honorable
act
,
either
by
valor
or
manhood
;
and
the
like
honor
was
also
done
to
others
by
the
people
and
the
Senate
.
Whereupon
the
Lawyers
reasoning
to
this
purpose
of
the
crown
,
have
written
,
that
it
was
granted
sometimes
in
token
of
Empire
and
honor
,
sometimes
for
industry
and
military
reward
,
and
sometimes
in
sign
of
spirituall
victory
.
Theophrastus
describeth
three
sorts
of
Crowns
,
Three
sorts
of
crowns
according
to
Theophrastus
.
The
crown
of
Crassus
.
one
of
sweet
odoriferous
flowers
,
another
of
flowers
that
have
no
scent
,
the
third
of
leaves
and
green
boughs
of
trees
,
the
fourth
which
was
added
by
the
rich
Crassus
,
was
made
of
gold
&
silver
by
the
imitation
of
leaves
,
which
he
did
expose
to
the
view
of
other
men
in
his
sports
and
games
.
But
passing
over
this
ancient
barbarous
rudeness
,
and
resting
in
the
now
last
use
of
Crowns
,
which
are
made
of
massie
gold
and
silver
,
intermixed
with
beautifull
ornaments
of
pearls
and
pretious
stones
,
transforming
the
leaves
into
sharp
poynts
,
and
other
curious
work
,
which
yeild
a
pleasant
and
beautiful
object
to
the
eye
.
The
custome
of
the
Athenians
was
to
crown
their
worthy
and
vertuous
Citizens
with
a
wreath
of
two
Olive
boughs
:
Of
the
distinction
of
the
crowns
of
herbs
.
But
we
speaking
again
of
the
first
crowns
,
which
take
their
names
of
the
effects
for
which
they
are
imployed
;
for
that
of
Bayes
is
given
to
him
which
goeth
in
triumph
,
and
is
called
the
Triumphale
,
Posthumio
Tuberto
used
a
crown
of
Mirtle
.
for
the
Bayes
is
a
token
of
Joy
and
Victory
.
Posthumio
Tuberto
in
his
triumph
for
overcoming
the
Sabins
,
with
little
blood
,
wore
a
crown
of
Mirtle
.
Likewise
the
Ovale
crown
was
given
to
him
which
had
got
a
Citie
not
by
force
but
by
friendship
and
covenant
.
Moreover
,
he
that
had
delivered
a
Citie
from
siege
,
had
given
him
a
crown
of
the
grass
growing
in
the
territory
wherein
they
were
besieged
,
and
this
crown
of
grass
was
called
Ossidionale
.
Who
first
mounted
upon
the
walls
of
the
enemy
,
to
him
was
consecrated
a
crown
of
gold
,
with
the
form
of
battlements
of
the
wall
;
and
this
kind
of
crown
was
called
Murale
,
and
the
Emperour
did
give
it
with
his
owns
hands
.
Who
first
entred
into
the
enemies
camp
,
to
him
was
given
the
crown
Vallare
,
which
was
also
called
Castrense
,
which
was
of
gold
in
the
form
of
a
Bulwark
.
Who
first
in
battell
at
sea
boarded
the
enemy
,
to
him
was
presented
the
crown
Navale
,
which
was
of
gold
in
the
fashion
of
a
ship
:
The
first
that
had
this
crown
was
M.
Varro
,
for
overcoming
the
navy
of
Pirats
and
Rovers
,
and
this
En.
Pompeius
gave
him
.
The
crown
which
was
given
to
those
which
had
preserved
any
Citizen
in
battel
,
The
crown
Civica
was
of
Oke
.
The
crown
Vallare
.
The
crown
Murale
.
The
crown
Navale
.
received
in
token
of
safety
from
him
,
a
crown
called
Civica
,
which
was
first
of
Oke
,
and
afterward
of
Holm
.
Finally
,
those
which
were
accustomed
to
be
made
of
metall
in
recompence
of
worthy
deeds
,
were
the
Vallari
,
or
Castrensi
,
the
Murali
,
and
the
Navali
,
These
were
of
gold
,
as
were
also
those
in
process
of
time
of
Bayes
,
whereupon
it
was
called
crown
gold
,
which
was
given
to
those
who
had
the
crown
made
them
for
triumph
.
But
none
among
the
aforesaid
crowns
was
ever
more
noble
or
more
glorious
with
the
Romans
then
that
of
grass
,
after
which
the
Civiche
,
the
Tirumphale
,
and
those
of
gold
were
the
next
in
estimation
,
The
crown
of
grass
among
the
Romans
was
held
most
glorious
.
Fabius
Maximus
.
because
that
all
the
other
crowns
Captains
did
give
to
Souldiers
;
but
this
of
grass
was
presented
by
the
whole
Army
,
as
to
the
preserver
thereof
.
And
sometimes
the
Senate
did
give
it
,
and
the
people
of
Rome
to
some
particular
person
,
as
to
Fabius
Maximus
when
Hannibal
departed
Italy
,
and
which
was
also
given
to
Augustus
when
he
shut
the
Temple
of
Ianus
,
and
made
peace
both
by
sea
and
land
.
The
Royall
crown
not
used
in
old
time
.
What
the
Kingly
ornaments
were
in
old
time
.
The
purple
robe
as
Martial
declareth
,
was
the
ornament
of
a
Magistrate
,
whereupon
he
thus
saith
,
Divisit
nostras
purpura
vestra
togas
.
And
in
another
place
saith
,
Purpurate
foelix
te
colit
●●nis
honos
.
Now
concerning
the
Royall
crown
according
to
the
use
in
these
days
,
was
by
the
Ancients
in
no
such
sort
observed
,
athough
the
Priests
of
Persia
,
and
the
Kings
did
wear
a
round
wreath
of
Linnen
,
and
the
Meonii
,
the
Syrians
,
the
Phrygians
and
the
Lydians
the
Miter
,
the
which
is
now
used
by
our
Bishops
as
an
ornament
over
the
Scutchions
of
their
Arms
,
signifying
thereby
the
Nobility
of
their
House
,
and
their
divine
profession
:
But
in
exchange
of
the
crown
the
King
had
the
Scepter
,
the
Chair
of
State
,
the
purple
Robe
wrought
with
gold
,
and
carried
a
Diadem
,
upon
their
heads
,
which
was
a
roll
of
white
linnen
,
which
the
Kings
were
wont
to
wear
upon
their
heads
,
an
invention
(
as
I
think
)
of
the
Egyptians
and
the
Hebrews
,
who
using
to
anoint
their
Kings
upon
the
Temples
or
sides
of
the
head
,
did
roll
a
veil
round
about
,
that
the
sacred
oyntment
might
not
be
wip'd
away
.
Whereupon
to
this
purpose
we
find
,
that
Alexander
the
Great
took
from
his
head
the
Diadem
,
to
put
it
upon
Lysimacus
,
who
whas
therewith
wounded
in
the
forehead
,
the
which
accident
was
prognosticated
by
the
future
reign
of
Lysimacus
.
And
that
Pompey
surnamed
the
Great
,
was
envied
because
he
did
wear
a
wreath
upon
his
knee
,
for
a
certain
hurt
that
did
much
offend
him
,
as
though
he
would
aspire
to
the
kingdom
of
Rome
.
Now
concerning
the
use
of
this
crown
according
to
the
modern
custome
,
the
Emperours
and
Kings
which
descended
from
the
Romans
,
were
wont
to
send
to
those
whom
they
exalted
to
any
Royall
dignity
,
a
crown
in
token
of
honor
.
And
moreover
the
invention
came
from
them
;
From
whom
the
use
of
the
crown
descended
.
for
it
is
not
long
since
this
ceremony
was
exercised
by
the
chief
Bishops
&
Emperours
,
forsomuch
as
it
was
not
honor
enough
for
the
Pope
,
as
election
should
be
made
of
that
supream
degree
,
to
sit
in
St.
Peters
Chair
.
But
this
ceremony
gathering
daily
greater
force
,
was
introduced
,
that
between
the
solemnity
of
the
Masse
he
should
be
crowned
by
the
hand
of
the
Bishop
of
Ostia
.
The
Bishop
of
Ostia
crowneth
the
Pope
.
And
likewise
the
coronation
of
the
Emperours
was
unknown
in
the
first
Ages
of
the
Empire
;
for
the
first
of
the
Roman
Emperours
that
put
a
golden
crown
upon
his
head
,
was
(
as
Aurelius
Victor
declares
)
the
Emperour
Aurelianus
,
Aurelianus
was
the
first
that
wore
a
c●own
of
gold
.
who
ruled
the
Empire
in
the
year
of
Christ
271.
and
used
apparrell
embrodered
with
gold
and
pearl
,
and
full
of
pretious
stones
.
Afterward
Dioclesian
(
as
Eutropias
writeth
)
begun
the
fashion
of
the
Royall
state
of
a
King
,
because
that
not
onely
in
his
apparell
,
but
even
in
his
shooes
had
pretious
stones
embrodered
,
Lamp●idio
a
grave
Author
writeth
,
that
the
first
of
the
Roman
Emperours
,
which
wore
apparell
of
Silk
,
was
Heliogabalus
.
causing
others
to
do
him
honor
and
reverence
,
and
was
the
first
that
would
be
adored
.
But
the
first
of
all
the
Emperoers
which
received
the
crown
of
the
Roman
Empire
from
the
Pope
,
was
Charls
the
Great
,
who
having
setled
the
affairs
of
Italy
,
of
France
and
Germany
,
came
to
Rome
,
&
with
all
the
honor
that
might
be
,
was
placed
in
the
seat
of
Pope
Leo
the
third
,
which
through
the
envy
of
some
men
was
deposed
from
the
Papacy
.
Charls
the
Great
was
crowned
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
801.
The
Pope
having
celebrated
the
〈◊〉
upon
the
Reliques
of
St.
Peter
,
by
the
consent
and
desire
of
the
p●●ple
of
Rome
,
declared
Charls
Emperour
of
the
Romans
,
and
put
an
Imperiall
crown
upon
his
head
,
Charls
the
Great
the
first
that
was
crowned
by
the
hand
of
the
Pope
.
Three
crowns
belong
to
the
Roman
Emperours
,
the
first
is
of
silver
,
which
is
taken
of
the
kingdom
of
Germany
in
the
City
of
Aquisgrain
.
The
second
is
Iron
,
of
the
kingdom
of
Lombartly
in
Medina
neer
Millan
,
the
which
crown
is
of
ancient
workmanship
without
flowers
,
or
points
,
made
within
as
a
plain
hoop
of
Iron
,
which
binds
in
the
temple
;
but
without
is
beautified
with
gold
,
and
pretious
stones
,
the
which
sheweth
that
the
Roman
Empire
hath
the
strength
of
Iron
by
military
power
.
The
third
Crown
is
then
of
gold
,
of
the
Empire
of
Rome
,
which
the
Pope
giveth
in
the
Church
of
St.
Peter
.
the
people
making
great
applause
and
acclamation
,
and
proclaiming
with
a
loud
and
high
voyce
three
times
,
To
Charls
August
crowned
by
God
,
the
great
and
peaceable
Emperour
,
Life
and
Victory
.
And
the
Pope
anointed
him
with
oyl
and
balm
consecrated
to
this
effect
,
together
with
Pepin
his
son
,
whom
he
pronounced
King
of
Italy
;
the
which
things
were
all
done
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
801.
And
so
Charles
began
to
Occidentall
Empire
of
Germany
,
which
to
this
present
hath
continued
with
great
honor
and
glory
.
Whereupon
the
Emperours
which
succeeded
him
,
imitating
Charls
,
either
because
that
action
seemed
unto
them
worthy
observation
,
or
perhaps
because
they
desired
by
that
means
to
maintain
the
title
of
the
Empire
,
which
Leo
gave
to
Charles
,
as
is
said
,
they
followed
from
time
to
time
the
custome
to
be
crowned
.
In
this
manner
also
were
together
with
the
power
annexed
the
demonstrations
of
Regall
or
Princely
fortune
,
of
the
which
demonstrations
of
honor
they
participating
more
or
lesse
,
the
which
did
participate
more
or
lesse
of
Kingly
fortune
,
from
thence
proceeded
the
use
of
Crowns
and
Chaplets
,
signifying
Royall
or
Princely
dignity
,
or
the
honor
of
a
Duke
,
or
Lordly
power
&
authority
,
because
that
the
Roman
Empire
being
fallen
from
the
greatness
therof
,
and
Barbarians
coming
into
Italy
,
who
like
the
inundation
of
a
mighty
river
,
carrieth
with
it
infinite
damage
,
replenished
unfortunate
Italy
with
their
brutish
manners
;
whereupon
miserably
fell
to
the
earth
,
not
onely
the
beauty
of
the
Roman
tongue
,
and
the
perfection
and
propriety
thereof
,
but
all
that
semblance
and
similitude
of
the
ancient
customes
,
and
new
titles
,
new
fashions
,
and
new
lawes
were
intruded
:
the
word
Prince
was
taken
for
a
new
kind
of
dignity
,
which
being
inferior
to
a
King
,
and
Imperiall
preheminence
,
taketh
the
precedence
of
Dukes
,
Arechi
Duke
of
Benevento
,
was
the
first
that
was
called
Prince
Marquesses
,
and
Earls
.
The
first
which
used
this
name
in
Italy
,
was
,
as
we
have
declared
(
and
according
as
Leone
Cardinall
and
Bishop
of
Ostia
saith
in
his
History
Casinense
)
about
the
year
of
our
Lord
755
,
Arechi
the
second
,
14.
Duke
of
Benevento
,
who
having
inlarged
his
Dukedom
,
would
have
his
said
State
no
longer
called
a
Dukedom
,
but
a
Principality
,
and
caused
himself
to
be
anointed
and
crowned
by
his
Bishops
;
and
in
the
end
of
his
Letters
and
Charters
of
Priviledge
,
caused
them
to
to
be
thus
dated
,
Scriptum
in
nostro
sacratissimo
Palatio
.
Afterward
his
successors
continuing
,
used
to
do
the
like
.
Whereupon
by
their
example
the
Princes
of
Capoa
,
of
Taranto
,
and
of
Salerno
being
allured
thereunto
,
caused
themselves
also
to
be
annointed
and
crowned
by
their
Bishops
.
These
titles
at
the
〈…〉
of
the
Kings
,
were
given
unto
their
children
,
nor
any
except
the
blood
Royall
〈…〉
partakers
of
these
titles
.
Whereupon
of
the
children
of
Ruggiero
,
the
first
King
of
the
kingdom
of
Naples
and
Sicilia
,
Ainulfo
was
Prince
of
Capoa
,
and
Gulielmo
which
afterward
succeeded
in
the
kingdom
,
was
Prince
of
Taranto
.
Charls
of
Aujou
the
first
of
this
name
,
The
dignity
of
the
principality
of
Salerno
.
King
of
Naples
,
ordained
,
that
his
eldest
son
should
be
named
Prince
of
Salerno
;
whereupon
Charls
the
second
in
the
time
of
his
father
was
intituled
Prince
of
Salerno
,
and
Charls
the
son
of
Charls
the
second
,
before
he
came
to
the
kingdom
of
Hungary
,
was
also
called
Prince
of
Salerno
.
But
because
his
brother
Ruberto
,
and
not
he
,
succeeded
in
the
kingdom
of
Naples
,
which
was
then
called
Duke
of
Calauria
,
How
the
kings
elde●●
son
was
intitled
Duke
of
Cal●●ria
.
from
thence
it
so
came
to
pass
,
that
from
that
time
forward
they
were
no
more
Princes
of
Salerno
,
but
the
Kings
first
begotten
son
was
called
Duke
of
Calauria
.
So
was
Charls
called
his
father
living
,
the
worthy
son
of
Ruberto
;
so
was
Ferdinando
the
son
of
Alfonsus
King
of
Arragon
,
who
first
conquered
Naples
;
and
so
was
Alfonsus
the
squint-eyed
the
son
of
Ferdinando
;
but
it
so
falling
out
,
that
old
Ferdinando
alo
living
,
to
Alfonsus
his
son
was
born
a
son
whom
he
also
named
Ferdinando
,
to
him
(
because
his
father
Duke
of
Calauria
lived
)
was
given
the
title
of
the
Principality
of
Capoa
.
The
first
Prince
of
Capoa
.
The
first
which
was
called
Prince
of
Taranto
,
not
descending
of
the
blood
Royall
,
was
Iacobo
del
Balzo
the
son
of
Francisco
,
which
was
also
the
first
that
of
no
Princely
family
was
called
Duke
of
Andri
.
And
so
much
concerning
the
title
of
a
Prince
,
which
signifying
the
Dignity
,
Signiory
and
Jurisdiction
which
〈◊〉
holdeth
,
so
it
is
lawfull
for
them
to
place
over
their
Scutchion
,
or
Coat
,
Armour
,
o●●heir
Family
,
a
crown
made
after
this
fashion
,
In
this
kingdom
after
the
dignity
of
a
Prince
,
the
next
is
the
state
of
a
Duke
,
which
taketh
place
before
a
Marquess
and
an
Earl
.
These
Dukes
have
above
their
Arms
a
round
hoop
without
any
points
or
work
above
:
But
in
place
of
the
points
there
are
certain
pearls
,
and
round
about
are
certain
pretious
stones
,
after
the
manner
which
here
underneath
appears
.
See
Luca
di
Penna
in
l.
1.
c.
de
auro
coronario
,
lib.
10.
&
in
l.
1.
c.
de
Authle
.
Cassaneus
in
catalogo
gloriae
mundi
,
in
1.
par.
Concl.
9.
The
which
fashion
,
although
it
be
now
decayed
,
I
have
thought
good
to
declare
,
to
the
end
the
truth
thereof
may
be
known
,
The
first
title
of
a
Duke
in
this
kingdom
,
was
that
of
Benevento
,
instituted
in
the
year
573.
But
after
they
came
under
the
jurisdiction
of
the
King
,
the
first
being
not
descended
of
Princely
blood
,
was
Francisco
del
Balzo
(
as
hath
been
said
)
made
Duke
of
Andri
,
by
Queen
Ione
the
first
.
Not
long
after
was
Iacobo
Marzano
,
made
Duke
of
Sessa
by
King
Ladislaus
,
and
so
others
from
time
to
time
,
whereof
the
number
at
this
present
is
very
great
.
This
dignity
of
a
Duke
increased
to
a
very
high
and
eminent
degree
,
the
which
chanced
not
to
any
of
the
other
aforesaid
dignities
,
because
Charls
the
8.
King
of
France
being
possest
of
this
kingdom
,
created
Giliberto
of
Borbona
Earl
of
Montpensier
his
Lieutenant
Generall
of
the
kingdom
Archduke
of
Sessa
,
Archduke
of
Sessa
.
and
so
the
said
Borbana
afterward
caused
to
be
set
upon
his
Arms
a
great
purple
cap
,
garnished
with
a
golden
hoop
,
set
full
of
pretious
stones
,
with
certain
points
without
pearls
in
the
top
,
but
onely
put
in
the
sides
thereof
,
to
the
end
the
dignity
of
a
Prince
might
have
its
place
,
and
that
he
also
might
be
known
for
an
Archduke
.
The
which
crowns
as
well
of
the
Archdukes
as
the
Dukes
,
are
to
be
used
in
the
manner
abovesaid
,
that
whosoever
ascendeth
to
that
dignity
,
ought
not
to
augment
it
with
flourishing
,
or
otherwise
with
the
ornament
of
Jewels
or
pretious
stones
,
for
in
so
doing
,
they
seem
to
usurp
a
greater
dignity
then
belongs
unto
them
,
for
which
as
the
Lawyers
say
,
they
ought
to
be
punished
.
And
here
it
is
to
be
noted
,
that
they
are
not
pointed
in
that
manner
as
some
of
them
have
formerly
used
,
that
is
to
say
,
after
that
fashion
,
as
their
ancestors
have
had
them
,
because
they
as
they
were
free
Lords
,
and
acknowledged
not
any
superior
,
(
as
before
hath
been
declared
in
the
discourse
of
the
principality
on
this
side
)
might
lawfully
do
it
;
the
which
is
now
otherwise
,
the
kingdom
being
under
the
dominion
and
jurisdiction
of
Kings
.
After
these
the
next
in
degree
are
the
Marquesses
,
the
which
are
adorned
with
a
hoop
set
with
pretious
stones
,
without
any
thing
above
,
and
with
a
very
small
appearance
thereof
above
the
Arms
,
after
this
manner
.
Bi●ndo
and
Pietro
Razzano
say
,
that
the
word
Marquess
signifieth
in
the
Lombard
tongue
a
perpetuall
Magistrate
,
or
a
perpetuall
Lordship
;
but
according
as
Mario
Equicola
saith
in
his
Commentaries
of
the
Marquesses
of
Mantua
,
signifieth
in
the
I●alian
tongue
,
a
President
.
Alciato
that
excellent
Lawyer
,
saith
that
the
word
Marquess
is
a
Dutch
name
,
and
that
it
signifieth
a
Master
of
the
Horse
,
forasmuch
as
the
Germans
call
a
horse
Marca
,
and
in
the
French
tongue
Marcare
is
as
much
as
to
say
,
to
ride
.
In
this
kingdom
as
the
name
of
a
Duke
and
an
Earl
came
the
soonest
,
and
that
of
a
Prince
first
,
before
in
any
other
place
,
so
that
of
a
Marquess
appeared
long
after
;
for
the
first
was
Cecco
dal
Bargo
that
was
made
Marquess
of
Pescara
by
King
Ladislaus
.
Then
follow
the
Earls
,
called
in
Latine
Comiti
,
because
they
were
sent
from
the
train
and
followers
of
the
Emperours
to
rule
and
govern
some
province
,
Luca
de
Penna
in
Rub.
c.
de
Comitibus
,
lib.
12.
or
some
part
thereof
.
Also
an
Earle
,
according
to
Luca
de
Penna
,
may
put
upon
his
Arms
,
in
place
of
a
crown
,
a
plain
hoop
,
differing
nothing
from
that
of
a
Marquess
,
save
onely
the
want
of
Jewels
and
pretious
stones
,
as
the
Earls
of
Altavilla
,
of
Aquino
,
of
Conza
,
of
Marsico
,
of
Nola
,
of
Isernia
,
of
Milito
,
of
Potenza
,
of
Troja
,
This
dignity
was
by
Charls
the
Great
,
&
his
son
,
bestowed
on
those
which
were
their
Deputies
.
Afterward
under
the
German
Empire
that
title
was
of
a
proper
power
and
authority
.
and
others
anciently
have
used
.
The
Earls
had
their
precedence
in
the
Parliaments
of
all
the
other
Lords
and
Barons
which
had
no
title
;
Marino
Frezza
in
2.
lib.
de
suffendi
in
the
chap.
Quis
dicatur
Comes
,
nu.
54.
being
created
by
the
ancient
Kings
with
great
state
and
solemnity
,
as
appears
in
Vgone
Falcando
,
where
he
speaketh
of
the
promotion
of
Riccardo
di
Mandra
,
Constable
of
the
County
of
Molise
,
Comes
creatus
tubis
,
tympanis
,
cimbalisque
de
more
solenniter
prae
untibus
.
FINIS
.
CHARLES
The
fift
Emperour
,
and
the
26th
.
King
OF
NAPLES
.
FOR
compleating
the
History
of
Naples
,
I
will
take
my
rise
from
a
High-ground
,
,
from
that
Heroick
Prince
that
Top
of
men
,
CARLOS
Quinto
;
who
was
the
first
of
the
Austrian
Family
,
that
saluted
in
person
the
fair
Parthenope
,
and
mounted
the
Napolitan
Courser
.
From
him
we
will
go
regularly
on
,
and
draw
the
thred
of
the
Story
to
his
Great
Grand-child
Philip
the
fourth
now
Regnant
.
THE
Emperour
Charles
the
fift
,
is
famous
for
divers
high
Feats
of
Magnanimity
and
Prudence
,
but
the
greatest
and
difficultest
Exploit
that
ever
he
did
,
the
most
signal
Victory
that
ever
he
obtained
through-out
the
whole
course
of
his
life
which
had
bin
so
active
,
was
that
Conquest
he
made
of
Himselfe
,
when
he
brought
his
passions
and
height
of
spirit
to
be
so
succumbent
and
co●chant
,
and
to
stoop
unto
Him
in
so
low
a
posture
,
that
stripping
himself
of
all
his
Imperial
and
Royal
Robes
(
which
he
had
worn
in
so
much
glory
the
first
36.
yeers
,
the
other
40.
from
sixteen
to
six
and
fifty
)
he
reach'd
them
with
his
own
hands
,
the
one
to
his
brother
Ferdinand
,
to
put
on
,
the
other
to
his
son
Philip
,
denuding
himself
thereby
of
all
earthly
power
,
command
,
and
wealth
;
and
pulling
off
,
as
it
were
,
all
his
clothes
therby
before
he
went
to
bed
,
and
burying
Himself
(
in
a
dark
Cloyster
)
before
he
was
dead
:
An
act
without
controversy
most
heroick
,
and
discovering
a
high
Soul
;
For
as
while
we
sojourn
here
among
these
frail
and
mutable
Elements
,
the
Conduct
of
our
passions
is
held
by
the
Philosophers
to
be
the
principall
busines
of
Vertu
,
so
the
Conquest
of
them
is
the
noblest
part
of
Valour
;
A
man
need
no●
go
abroad
to
seek
Enemies
,
wheron
to
exercise
his
Courage
,
if
he
descend
into
himself
he
shall
find
Foes
enough
at
home
;
I
mean
those
Inmates
and
innated
rebellious
appetits
,
those
tumultuous
irregular
humors
which
lodg
within
him
,
and
to
give
Them
the
check
,
is
the
hardest
part
of
the
Play
we
are
to
act
upon
this
worldly
Stage
.
Charles
the
Emperour
did
this
,
when
he
had
but
newly
finished
the
eleventh
Lustre
of
his
Age
,
being
then
not
56.
yeers
old
;
nor
did
he
thus
controll
himself
,
by
abandoning
the
pomp
and
glory
of
this
life
,
and
avoiding
publick
care
,
that
he
might
retire
to
a
Country
House
of
pleasure
,
to
hawk
and
hunt
,
or
use
such
pastimes
,
but
he
remov'd
from
so
many
Thrones
to
enter
himself
into
a
Monastery
(
or
Hermitage
rather
)
that
by
that
reclus'd
life
he
might
sequester
himself
from
all
mundane
negotiations
and
delights
,
to
have
more
vacancy
,
not
only
to
study
the
Theory
of
Mortification
,
but
put
it
in
practise
:
Besides
this
reason
he
declard
at
his
Resignation
,
that
he
was
now
weary
of
the
incombrances
of
worldly
affairs
,
wherewith
he
had
bin
laden
so
many
yeers
,
for
which
he
was
becom
now
unweldly
in
regard
of
Age
,
as
also
being
afflicted
with
frequent
fi●ts
of
the
Gout
,
which
made
him
so
crazy
and
unapt
for
Government
,
having
us'd
Tassata
stirrops
for
divers
yeers
.
One
of
his
Predecessors
,
Severus
the
Emperour
was
of
an
other
humor
,
for
he
being
very
sick
of
the
Gout
at
the
Citty
of
York
,
as
the
story
tells
us
,
one
of
his
Nobles
attending
him
at
that
time
,
told
him
,
that
the
world
did
admire
how
he
could
govern
so
many
separated
Nations
,
and
make
such
remote
Expeditions
,
being
so
subject
to
that
Arthriticall
lame
disease
,
whereunto
the
Emperour
with
more
vigor
then
ordinary
,
answer'd
;
Sir
,
I
would
have
you
know
,
that
I
rule
the
Empire
with
my
head
,
and
not
with
my
feet
,
with
my
temples
,
not
with
my
toes
.
Hereunto
may
be
not
impertinently
answer'd
,
that
memorable
answer
which
the
late
Henry
the
Great
of
France
gave
to
a
Spanish
Ambassador
,
who
coming
to
visit
him
when
he
was
sore
sick
of
the
Gout
,
and
condoling
his
indisposition
,
he
suddenly
rise
up
off
his
Couch
,
and
told
him
,
Ventre
de
saint
Gris
sil
y
avoit
ocasion
Vostre
Maistre
n●
auroit
pas
plustost
le
pied
dans
Lestrier
,
qu'il
ne
me
trouveroit
monte
a
cheval
non
obstant
la
g●●te
.
By
the
belly
of
Saint
Gris
,
if
there
were
ocasion
your
Master
(
meaning
Philip
the
3d.
of
Spain
)
shold
not
have
his
foot
sooner
in
the
stirrop
,
then
he
shold
find
me
on
hors-back
,
notwithstanding
the
Gout
.
But
touching
Charles
the
Emperour
,
whereof
we
have
spoken
;
it
is
much
that
he
shold
be
so
subject
to
the
Gout
,
if
stirring
and
motion
be
a
Supersedeas
against
it
as
the
Physitions
hold
,
because
few
Princes
had
bin
so
active
as
he
from
his
very
youth
;
for
he
made
nine
journies
into
Germany
,
seven
to
Italy
,
ten
to
Flanders
,
four
to
France
,
two
to
England
,
and
two
expeditions
to
Afric
;
He
had
made
eight
Voyages
on
the
Mediterranean
Sea
,
and
three
on
the
Ocean
.
And
what
a
world
of
Achievements
did
he
perform
in
these
Expeditions
?
He
sent
away
the
great
Solyman
weeping
from
before
the
Walls
of
Vienna
,
and
so
stoppd
that
huge
torrent
of
destruction
,
which
was
like
to
have
overwhelm'd
all
Germany
,
and
quickly
after
the
rest
of
Christendom
;
He
made
Barbarossa
that
formidable
Pyrate
,
and
his
Dragon
the
Admiral
Gal●on
wherein
he
sayl'd
,
to
●ly
before
him
;
what
notable
Conquests
were
those
of
Goletta
and
Tunis
,
where
the
Roman
Eagles
had
not
flown
since
the
time
of
Scipio
and
Hannibal
,
and
had
not
the
Emulation
of
som
Christian
Princes
found
him
work
at
home
,
and
diverted
him
,
he
in
all
appearance
had
conquered
and
civiliz'd
all
Barbary
.
To
return
to
Europe
,
he
took
the
Duke
of
Cleve
with
all
his
Towns
and
Territories
,
he
quash'd
the
Duke
of
Sax
:
who
was
head
of
the
Lutheran
party
,
he
imprison'd
the
Duke
of
Milan
,
he
subdued
and
sack'd
Rome
,
he
tam'd
the
mutinous
City
of
Gant
,
where
he
first
breath'd
aire
and
had
bin
rock'd
in
his
Cradle
;
he
pierc'd
the
very
heart
of
France
,
forcing
that
King
to
fly
to
the
Turk
for
his
assistance
against
him
,
whom
he
afterwards
took
prisoner
(
being
the
day
he
was
born
upon
)
yet
touching
that
action
(
as
he
himself
confess'd
)
though
Charles
had
more
of
Fortune
therein
,
yet
Francis
had
got
as
much
of
glory
,
considering
all
circumstances
,
being
taken
with
naked
Sword
in
hand
,
among
a
throng
of
fighting
Enemies
,
all
about
him
weltring
in
blood
,
Colours
flying
,
and
Victory
fluttering
on
both
sides
with
doubtfull
wings
:
The
full
discovery
of
the
new
World
was
made
in
his
Raign
,
with
the
Mines
of
Peru
;
In
fine
,
he
had
such
a
continuall
tide
of
good
success
,
that
it
seems
that
Age
was
design'd
for
his
glory
.
He
had
twenty
pitcht
Battels
,
and
above
three
hundred
Sieges
;
nor
did
he
know
what
a
Repulse
was
,
but
only
at
Algier
,
Marseilles
&
Mets
,
where
the
wind
blew
strongly
in
his
face
,
insomuch
that
among
the
Caesars
,
Charlemain
may
be
sayd
to
be
only
parrallell
to
Charles
le
Q●int
.
All
this
he
intimated
in
a
fluent
and
vigorous
swelling
Oration
before
the
two
Queens
,
Elianor
of
France
,
and
Mary
of
Hungary
Dowager
his
Sisters
,
divers
Knights
of
the
golden
Fleece
,
and
a
great
confluence
of
Nobles
at
the
Act
of
Renuntiation
,
in
Bruxells
;
but
now
he
sayd
further
,
he
wold
court
Fortune
no
longer
(
who
being
a
Female
loves
young
men
best
)
and
therefore
he
would
recommend
his
Son
unto
her
.
He
wold
no
longer
hold
those
Scepters
which
he
could
not
sway
,
nor
,
a
Sword
that
he
could
not
draw
out
,
yet
he
said
,
that
by
this
Surrendry
he
did
not
retire
himself
from
either
Imperial
or
Regal
power
,
out
of
any
apprehensions
of
any
fear
of
future
dangers
,
or
revolts
,
or
the
power
of
any
Potentates
upon
earth
,
nor
out
of
a
resentment
of
any
ill
success
pass'd
,
or
the
least
distrust
of
the
Divine
providence
,
and
any
disaffections
of
his
Subjects
,
but
soly
to
wean
himself
from
the
World
,
and
have
better
opportunity
to
make
his
account
with
Heaven
.
After
such
generous
Expressions
and
a
little
pausing
,
he
concludes
thus
in
Spanish
.
Que
porsus
indisposit●ones
a
que
le
avian
reducido
los
traba●os
del
espiritu
estava
resuelto
de
pouer
todo
el
peso
de
los
negocios
sobre
los
ombros
de
su
Hijo
,
y
Hermano
,
y
assi
desde
●atonces
renunciava
en
el
uno
el
Imperio
,
y
en
el
otro
las
Coronas
d'
Espana
,
y
de
las
diez
y
siete
provincias
de
Flandes
,
y
desobligava
a
todos
sus
sudditos
del
juramento
de
fidelidad
que
le
avian
hecho
.
In
regard
of
those
distempers
which
the
agitations
of
his
spirit
had
reduc'd
him
unto
,
he
was
resolv'd
to
pass
over
the
weight
of
all
businesses
upon
the
sholders
of
his
Son
and
his
Brother
;
therefore
from
that
time
forward
he
renounc'd
and
transferr'd
the
Empire
to
the
one
,
and
the
Crowns
of
Spain
with
all
the
seventeen
Provinces
to
the
other
,
disobliging
and
absolving
all
his
Subjects
from
that
oath
of
alleagiance
which
they
had
sworn
unto
him
;
whereupon
his
Son
Philip
kneeling
before
him
bare-headed
,
his
Father
melting
all
into
tears
(
with
divers
of
the
Spectators
)
he
put
the
Crown
upon
his
head
giving
him
his
benediction
&
therewith
the
Soveraignty
of
all
his
Dominions
,
that
being
disburden'd
hereof
he
might
the
more
easily
go
on
in
his
journey
to
the
Port
of
happiness
,
and
dispose
himself
to
the
meditation
of
the
supream
Good
,
which
is
the
best
Philosophy
,
the
highest
wisdom
,
and
most
consummated
felicity
.
As
he
was
doing
this
he
presented
to
the
young
King
his
Son
,
Don
Francisco
Eraso
,
who
had
bin
Secretary
,
and
a
most
loyall
Confident
of
his
many
years
;
Insomuch
that
at
parting
,
he
sayd
,
Quanto
os
he
dado
este
dia
no
es
●anto
●emo
daros
mi
Eraso
.
That
which
I
have
given
you
my
Son
at
this
day
,
is
not
so
much
as
the
giving
of
my
Eraso
unto
you
.
A
little
after
he
sent
the
Imperiall
Crown
to
his
brother
Ferdinand
,
by
William
Prince
of
Orenge
who
was
slain
afterwards
,
contracting
with
his
Sons
;
Ferdinand
shew'd
himself
shy
at
first
in
accepting
of
it
,
because
t
was
too
heavy
for
his
sholders
,
at
last
he
took
it
,
saying
,
No
ac●tara
si
no
convini●ra
a
la
conservation
de
●●s
salud
,
pero
procuraria
imitar
sus
virtudes
en
parte
,
ya
que
en
todo
era
impossible
a
la
mayor
capacidad
.
He
wold
not
accept
of
such
a
Crown
,
did
it
not
conduce
to
the
preservation
of
his
Majesty
his
brothers
health
,
but
he
would
endeavour
to
imitate
his
Vertues
in
part
,
for
to
imitate
them
all
was
impossible
for
the
greatest
capacity
.
The
Criticks
of
those
times
did
pass
various
censures
upon
this
rare
transaction
,
upon
this
high
affair
of
State
,
the
sound
whereof
quickly
pass●d
to
both
the
Poles
,
som
taxt
Charles
of
a
kind
of
(
laschete
)
of
pusillanimity
and
desection
of
spirit
in
doing
this
,
others
of
too
much
indulgence
of
himself
,
and
for
his
corporall
ease
,
others
gave
out
he
did
it
because
he
fore-saw
those
fearfull
tumults
which
happend
afterwards
in
the
Low
Countreys
by
the
Lutheran
party
:
But
the
soberst
sort
of
impartiall
men
did
impute
it
soly
to
his
indisposition
of
health
,
and
that
this
retirednesse
might
tend
to
the
advantage
of
his
body
and
soul
,
which
those
multiplicities
of
cares
,
that
attended
so
many
Crowns
as
he
wore
,
debarrd
him
of
.
It
was
a
saying
of
one
of
our
English
Kings
,
That
if
one
did
but
know
the
weightines
of
a
Crown
he
wold
not
take
it
up
,
though
he
shold
stumble
at
it
in
the
high
way
:
If
this
may
be
a
caveat
to
those
who
are
in
health
,
much
more
shold
it
be
to
those
that
are
indisposd
and
of
crazy
wasted
constitutions
:
As
the
gifts
of
Nature
are
more
excellent
then
those
of
Fortune
,
so
are
they
,
by
a
well
regulated
soul
to
be
preferrd
before
them
.
The
Ensignes
of
Majesty
,
as
the
Scepter
,
the
Diadem
,
the
Throne
,
are
glorious
objects
to
behold
,
but
when
the
rackings
of
the
Gout
,
the
Colick
,
or
other
infirmities
wholy
distemper
him
that
hath
them
,
a
healthfull
Peasan
is
farr
more
happy
,
then
such
a
Prince
,
if
placed
in
opposition
;
such
a
King
may
be
sayed
to
be
Tantalizd
all
the
while
,
for
though
he
have
an
a●●luence
of
all
things
about
him
,
yet
he
cannot
tast
of
any
with
a
true
relish
;
so
that
what
shold
procure
his
happines
,
encreaseth
his
punishment
,
for
though
he
can
comand
all
,
yet
he
cannot
convert
any
thing
to
his
own
comfort
,
when
the
agonies
he
suffers
make
those
which
are
gustfull
to
others
to
becom
gall
to
him
.
The
pangs
of
the
Gout
alone
are
able
to
convince
Zeno
and
his
senselesse
sect
of
Stoiks
,
who
deny
all
pain
and
passion
;
For
all
those
pleasing
Ideas
which
the
conceit
of
Majesty
and
greatnesse
use
to
instill
into
the
brain
,
cannot
countervail
those
torments
which
som
diseases
use
to
inflict
upon
the
body
;
Therfore
doubtles
Charls
the
fift
had
more
reason
to
preferr
his
health
before
his
Crowns
,
it
being
a
jewell
so
precious
,
that
all
the
Diadems
on
Earth
have
not
the
like
inchacd
in
them
:
It
was
the
speech
of
Valentinian
,
That
an
Emperour
ought
to
dye
standing
on
his
feet
,
now
if
he
ought
to
be
found
dying
in
that
posture
,
much
more
ought
he
to
appear
so
living
:
T
is
true
we
read
of
som
Generalls
who
have
commanded
in
their
Litters
(
as
Sir
Francis
Vere
was
carryed
in
a
Chaire
at
the
battail
of
Newport
to
direct
the
Army
)
but
these
examples
are
very
few
.
But
we
will
return
to
take
leave
of
Charles
the
fift
;
A
little
after
,
this
once
mighty
Monarch
,
and
now
mortified
man
,
removd
to
Flushing
,
to
embark
himself
with
his
two
royall
Sisters
for
Spain
(
the
foresayd
Mary
Queen
of
Hungary
,
and
Leonora
Queen
Dowager
of
France
)
and
thence
to
the
haven
of
eternall
rest
;
being
there
,
he
was
so
thin
attended
,
that
one
night
he
had
not
a
Servant
to
light
som
who
came
to
visit
him
down
the
staires
but
did
it
himself
:
Thence
he
hoisd
sayl
for
Castile
,
where
he
cloysterd
himself
in
the
Monastery
of
Saint
Iusto
,
and
that
small
remnant
of
time
he
livd
there
(
which
was
not
above
two
yeers
)
he
imployd
in
divine
seraphicall
speculations
,
in
divers
sorts
of
penances
,
concurring
with
sundry
acts
of
piety
and
pitty
.
Thus
this
great
H●ro
became
a
Hermit
,
this
glorious
Monarch
became
an
obscure
M●nk
,
and
certainly
he
well
deservd
to
have
worn
so
many
Crowns
who
did
so
freely
quitt
them
,
obeying
therin
onely
the
motions
of
his
own
soul
,
without
any
shew
of
constraint
,
or
the
lest
appearance
of
suspecting
the
alleagiance
of
his
pe●ple
.
Now
touching
that
Arthriticall
torturing
disease
which
afflicted
the
Emperour
Charles
,
his
Son
and
immediat
Successor
had
much
more
cause
to
be
subject
therunto
,
in
regard
of
his
sedentary
and
reposefull
life
,
in
regard
that
he
kept
for
the
most
part
in
his
Closet
,
wher
he
wold
write
himself
his
own
letters
,
dispatches
,
and
instructions
:
There
he
might
be
sayed
to
have
a
Prospective
,
through
which
he
beheld
what
was
a
doing
in
the
old
and
new
World
,
yea
as
farr
as
the
Antipodes
:
His
Closet
was
the
center
whence
the
lines
of
his
comands
were
drawn
to
the
circumference
,
of
so
many
vast
remote
Regions
,
as
will
appear
in
the
History
of
his
life
,
which
in
regard
he
was
a
Prince
of
a
strange
mould
,
of
a
close
dark
nature
,
that
his
thought
could
seldom
be
penetrated
,
I
will
spend
more
oyle
then
ordinary
to
illustrat
his
Raign
.
THE
LIFE
and
RAIGNE
of
PHILIP
the
Second
,
27th
KING
OF
NAPLES
.
PHILIP
of
Austria
(
second
of
that
name
)
succeeded
Caesar
his
Imperiall
Father
in
all
his
Hereditary
Dominions
by
a
voluntary
free
Resignation
,
wherin
he
might
be
sayed
not
to
be
beholden
to
death
,
as
other
Heirs
apparant
use
to
be
,
but
to
his
Fathers
free
designe
:
But
touching
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
it
was
transferrd
unto
him
before
▪
to
countenance
his
second
marriage
with
Mary
Queen
of
England
and
Ireland
:
There
wanted
not
som
Critiques
that
wold
have
derogated
from
the
worthinesse
of
that
spontaneous
Act
of
the
Emperours
,
saying
,
That
King
Philip
was
overheard
to
say
a
while
a●ter
that
The
second
day
after
the
Resignation
was
the
first
day
of
his
Fathers
Repentance
:
But
sure
that
could
not
be
,
if
the
Historians
who
were
then
contemporaries
may
be
beleevd
,
for
this
was
don
by
a
long
moulded
preceding
resolution
,
as
they
write
,
in
regard
that
the
Emperour
had
a
design
to
do
it
six
yeers
before
,
when
he
was
but
fifty
yeers
of
age
;
the
ground
of
which
proceeded
from
the
speech
of
an
old
Captain
of
his
,
who
desiring
a
Passe
to
retire
from
Armes
,
told
him
,
Sir
,
he
who
hath
a
care
of
his
soul
must
put
an
Intervall
twixt
the
affaires
of
the
World
and
Death
.
And
now
to
the
intended
task
.
Philip
the
second
was
born
in
Valladolid
upon
a
Tuesdey
the
21.
of
May
1527.
in
the
Chair-ship
of
Clement
the
seventh
,
a
little
before
that
his
Fathers
Armie
had
assaulted
and
sackt
Rome
,
but
without
the
knowledg
of
the
Emperour
himself
,
and
the
consent
of
his
Viceroy
of
Naples
at
that
time
,
which
was
the
cause
that
Philip
was
not
baptiz'd
with
such
Ecclesiasticall
Pomp
and
Solemnity
that
is
usuall
;
at
ten
months
and
twenty
dayes
old
he
was
declar'd
Prince
of
Castilia
and
Aragon
in
the
Monastery
of
Saint
Hierom
in
Madrid
,
his
Parents
being
present
:
when
he
had
arriv'd
to
seven
yeers
of
age
(
wherin
Nature
doth
use
to
make
som
visible
change
,
in
the
progresse
of
humane
life
)
his
Father
commanded
a
house
and
family
to
be
settled
for
him
;
At
which
time
Doctor
Siliceo
(
who
was
afterward
Bishop
of
Toledo
,
and
Cardinal
)
was
appointed
to
be
his
Preceptor
,
who
taught
him
to
know
,
to
love
,
and
fear
God
,
to
read
,
and
write
,
to
understand
the
Latin
,
Italian
,
&
French
tongues
,
and
to
have
som
knowledg
in
the
Mathematiques
:
His
Mother
the
Empresse
,
Daughter
to
Emanuel
King
of
Portugal
,
dyed
a
few
yeers
after
at
Toledo
where
Philip
was
bred
,
leaving
him
about
twelve
yeers
of
age
,
at
which
time
he
began
to
rule
Spain
in
the
absence
of
his
Father
,
being
assisted
by
Cardinal
Tabera
,
the
Duke
of
Alua
,
and
others
:
At
fifteen
yeers
of
age
he
was
sworn
Prince
of
Aragon
,
where
he
was
intitled
Governour
according
to
the
custom
:
At
sixteen
yeers
of
age
he
maried
the
Lady
Maria
Infanta
of
Portugal
,
Daughter
to
Iohn
the
third
,
a
Creature
of
exquisit
bewty
,
being
of
the
same
age
with
Philip.
Som
few
yeers
after
he
was
call'd
by
his
Father
to
Flanders
,
leaving
the
Government
of
Spain
to
Arch-Duke
Maximilian
his
Cosen
,
and
King
of
Bohemia
and
Hungary
.
He
pass'd
over
to
Italy
in
a
Fleet
of
thirty
eight
Gallies
,
under
the
command
of
Andrea
Doria
,
and
landing
at
Genoa
,
he
pass'd
through
Milan
and
Mantova
to
Germany
and
so
to
Brussels
;
Having
their
receiv'd
divers
good
Documents
from
his
Father
,
taken
a
survey
of
the
Nether-lands
,
Italy
and
Germany
,
whither
he
attended
the
Emperour
his
Father
to
a
Diet
at
Auspurg
,
having
purchas'd
all
this
experience
,
he
went
back
by
his
Fathers
order
to
Spain
,
having
receiued
a
new
Commission
to
govern
there
in
chief
,
and
in
the
Indies
also
:
A
while
after
there
was
an
ouverture
of
marriage
made
twixt
him
and
Queen
Mary
of
England
,
which
was
quickly
agreed
upon
,
therefore
he
embark'd
himself
at
the
Groyn
(
Corunnia
)
in
a
Fleet
of
sixty
eight
Ships
,
wherein
was
a
Regiment
of
four
thousand
Spaniards
,
among
whom
were
divers
Noble
men
and
persons
of
quality
:
Being
arriv'd
in
England
and
royally
attended
to
London
,
the
Nuptials
were
celebrated
in
great
magnificence
;
hereupon
King
Philip
took
share
with
his
wife
in
the
Government
,
by
the
title
of
King
of
Naples
,
Hierusalem
,
England
,
and
Ireland
,
but
afterwards
the
Parliament
(
when
he
was
departed
)
began
a
Cavil
and
wold
not
have
him
stil'd
King
of
England
,
but
Husband
to
the
Queen
of
England
,
during
his
abode
in
England
,
his
Queen
and
he
liv'd
in
a
sweet
way
of
conjugall
love
,
notwithstanding
their
disparity
of
yeers
,
she
being
above
a
dozen
yeers
elder
;
It
was
thought
once
she
was
with
Child
,
therefore
she
was
prayed
for
at
Saint
Pauls
Cross
,
but
in
lieu
of
a
Pregnancy
it
prov'd
a
Tympany
,
a
Tumor
,
or
Mole
,
proceeding
from
indisposition
of
body
:
All
the
while
he
liv'd
in
England
he
advanc'd
the
Roman
Religion
,
but
being
call'd
away
by
his
Father
to
Flanders
,
the
reform'd
Religion
began
to
take
footing
again
;
After
he
was
departed
from
England
,
Calais
was
taken
by
the
Duke
of
Guyse
,
who
in
the
dead
of
Winter
did
suddenly
sit
before
her
and
began
his
Batteries
so
furiously
,
that
the
noyse
of
his
Canons
were
heard
as
farr
as
Antwerp
neer
a
hundred
miles
distant
:
King
Philip
while
he
cohabited
with
his
Wife
often
advisd
her
to
have
a
speciall
care
of
Calais
,
and
afterwards
upon
a
Treaty
of
peace
twixt
Spain
and
France
,
one
of
the
Articles
were
that
Calais
should
be
surrendred
to
the
Queen
of
England
,
but
she
dyed
in
the
interim
.
The
Family
of
Caraffa
,
who
were
neer
allied
to
Pope
Paul
the
fourth
,
wold
needs
advise
his
Holines
to
recouer
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
for
the
Apostolicall
See
,
the
times
being
propitious
to
such
a
work
:
their
counsail
prevaild
in
regard
that
France
obligd
her self
to
assist
him
,
but
though
the
attempt
went
very
far
,
yet
it
could
not
take
effect
;
That
clowd
being
scatterd
in
Italy
,
and
the
truce
being
expird
with
France
,
a
new
War
began
wherin
he
gaind
that
famous
Victory
of
Saint
Quintin
,
which
he
took
upon
Saint
Laurence
day
,
and
for
the
advantage
of
his
advenues
he
was
forcd
to
batter
down
a
Monastery
of
Fryers
,
but
with
a
resolution
and
vow
,
that
if
it
would
please
Heaven
to
give
him
the
Victory
he
wold
erect
such
a
house
of
Religion
to
the
honor
of
God
,
and
of
the
Martyr
Saint
Laurence
that
the
World
had
not
the
like
,
which
he
performd
accordingly
at
the
Escuriall
.
A
peace
being
concluded
afterward
with
France
,
and
having
put
all
things
in
a
settled
and
good
posture
in
Flanders
,
leaving
there
his
Sister
the
Dutchesse
of
Parma
to
govern
,
he
made
sayl
for
Spain
,
but
as
he
landed
at
Laredo
,
a
furious
tempest
did
rise
wherin
divers
of
his
Ships
perishd
who
were
very
richly
laden
.
Not
long
after
this
his
return
to
Spain
,
the
Moores
of
Granada
did
cutt
him
work
to
do
,
and
it
provd
a
tedious
and
difficult
task
to
subdue
them
,
which
yet
he
atchieved
at
last
after
many
traverses
of
Warr
:
In
the
greatest
fury
therof
,
King
Philip
marryed
the
Arch-Duchesse
the
eldest
Daughter
of
the
Emperour
Maximilian
,
who
was
brought
in
great
pomp
from
Germany
to
Spain
.
At
the
earnest
sollicitation
of
Pope
Pius
the
fift
he
entred
afterward
into
a
league
with
his
Holines
,
and
the
Republic
of
Venice
against
Selim
the
great
Turk
,
who
a
little
before
had
taken
the
Ile
of
Cyprus
from
the
Signiory
;
he
writ●
back
to
the
Pope
,
that
he
held
his
request
therin
to
be
equivalent
to
a
command
,
and
so
he
sent
order
to
his
Viceroys
of
Naples
and
Sicily
to
levy
Forces
accordingly
;
which
they
did
,
sending
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
his
naturall
Brother
,
to
be
his
Generalissimo
,
therupon
happend
that
famous
Naval
fight
in
the
Gulph
of
Lepanto
,
upon
the
successe
wherof
the
incolumity
of
all
Italy
depended
,
but
it
pleasd
God
to
affoord
the
Christians
a
most
triumphant
and
blissefull
victory
▪
which
if
they
had
pursued
,
they
might
in
all
probability
have
overmasterd
all
Greece
,
but
their
own
dissentions
hinderd
the
work
:
The
Neapolitan
Squadrons
did
most
signall
services
in
this
great
Expedition
,
for
which
King
Philip
sent
a
Letter
full
of
grace
and
thanks
,
with
an
inlargement
of
som
priviledges
,
to
the
most
faithfull
City
of
Naples
.
Philip
had
now
waded
through
sundry
sorts
of
difficulties
,
having
putt
a
period
to
the
War
with
the
Caraffa's
and
the
Pope
,
made
peace
with
the
French
,
and
debelld
the
Mahumetans
;
therfore
he
addicted
himself
to
erect
works
of
piety
,
and
among
other
,
that
stupendous
Fabrique
at
the
Escuriall
,
but
as
he
was
most
busy
about
it
,
newes
came
to
him
of
the
troubles
of
Flanders
,
and
it
was
the
unluckiest
newes
that
ever
was
brought
to
Spain
,
considering
what
a
long
lingring
War
they
brought
,
wherin
all
the
Princes
of
Christendom
were
directly
or
col●aterally
engagd
,
it
is
as
impossible
to
beleeve
as
to
write
the
strange
and
various
traverses
of
those
Warrs
,
the
multitudes
of
men
who
lost
their
lifes
therin
,
so
that
those
Provinces
were
calld
Sepulchra
Hispanorum
,
the
incredible
masse
of
treasure
which
was
expended
,
for
the
Mines
of
Mexico
and
those
of
Potosi
were
almost
exhausted
to
feed
these
Warrs
,
which
had
they
not
happend
,
the
Kings
of
Spain
might
have
pavd
their
Courts
and
tild
their
Palaces
with
Gold
and
Silver
;
yet
in
the
greatest
brunt
and
fury
of
these
Warrs
,
Philip
made
a
conquest
of
Portugall
,
for
se●ing
his
title
wold
not
be
accepted
,
wherby
he
alledged
right
of
Succession
,
he
made
it
good
with
his
Sword
,
and
subdued
the
whole
Kingdom
,
wherin
as
he
sayed
he
verified
t●e
saying
,
that
—
Arma
tenenti
Omnia
dat
qui
justa
negat
—
To
atchieve
this
mighty
exploit
,
whom
shold
Philip
employ
but
the
Duke
of
Alva
,
who
had
so
trampled
upon
the
Belgians
,
and
though
he
was
then
in
disgrace
with
the
King
,
and
in
Prison
by
his
immediat
command
,
yet
he
had
studyed
his
humor
so
well
,
how
ambitious
he
was
of
glory
,
and
how
many
proofs
he
had
made
of
his
fidelity
and
courage
,
that
though
he
would
not
admit
him
to
his
presence
and
to
kisse
his
hands
,
yet
he
sent
him
a
Commission
to
be
his
Generalissimo
in
that
Expedition
:
Nor
was
Philip
out
of
his
account
,
or
deceavd
in
his
judgment
of
the
genius
of
the
man
,
for
he
executed
his
Commission
with
such
an
exactnes
of
fidelity
,
with
such
rare
successe
,
and
in
so
short
a
compas
of
time
that
one
must
have
a
strong
faith
to
believe
,
with
what
facility
he
reducd
all
Lusitania
,
which
provd
a
mighty
addition
to
the
Spanish
Monarchy
,
for
therby
the
East
Indies
,
so
many
Islands
in
the
Atlantic
Sea
,
with
divers
Territories
in
Afric
fell
under
the
Castilian
yoak
:
But
as
Henry
the
seventh
of
England
was
hanted
with
walking
Spirits
(
who
sayed
they
were
Edward
the
fift
)
whom
he
chasd
away
by
sprinkling
of
blood
,
so
was
Philip
the
second
troubled
with
two
Hermits
,
who
one
after
the
other
sayed
they
were
Don
Sebastian
,
and
so
drew
a
considerable
party
after
them
,
but
they
were
found
to
be
Counterfeits
,
and
so
executed
accordingly
.
Moreover
Don
Antonio
naturall
Son
to
Lewis
one
of
the
Uncles
of
Don
Sebastian
,
pretended
right
to
the
Crown
(
as
he
had
had
,
had
he
bin
legitimat
)
therfore
he
fled
to
Queen
Elizabeth
of
England
for
succour
,
who
accordingly
furnisht
him
with
considerable
Forces
by
Sea
and
Land
,
under
Drake
and
Norris
,
but
all
wold
not
do
.
No
sooner
had
Philip
thus
securd
and
quieted
the
Kingdome
of
Portugal
,
with
the
vast
Territories
therunto
annexed
,
but
new
work
was
cut
him
out
in
Aragon
,
where
a
hideous
Insurrection
happened
,
which
grew
from
the
imprisonment
of
Antonio
Perez
,
the
famous
Secretary
of
State
,
King
Philip
left
him
to
the
ordinary
course
of
Justice
,
and
being
accusd
of
Homicide
to
have
slain
Escovedo
,
Don
Iohn
of
Austria's
Secretary
,
and
according
to
the
Lawes
of
Spain
being
rackt
therefore
,
he
confest
the
Fact
,
but
he
alledged
,
he
did
it
by
the
King
his
Masters
command
;
and
being
pressd
to
discover
the
causes
,
he
answerd
,
they
were
so
secret
that
they
were
not
fit
to
be
publisht
.
T
is
true
that
Philip
did
not
much
resent
the
death
of
Escovedo
,
because
he
had
buzzd
odd
councels
into
the
eares
of
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
,
as
to
marry
without
the
Kings
privity
Elizabeth
Queen
of
England
,
to
conquer
Algier
or
Tunis
,
and
crown
himself
King
afterwards
.
Antonio
Perez
by
his
wives
subtlety
made
an
escape
out
of
prison
,
and
posted
away
to
Aragon
with
two
Confidents
of
his
,
where
he
found
such
potent
and
popular
Friends
that
gave
him
Sanctuary
and
protection
;
and
they
drew
a
considerable
party
after
them
to
this
purpose
.
Now
as
one
insolency
drawes
on
another
,
they
took
opportunity
hereby
to
say
,
that
it
was
a
breach
of
their
priviledges
to
have
a
stranger
to
be
their
Vice-roy
,
as
also
to
introduce
the
Inquisition
wherunto
Perez
was
like
to
be
put
over
.
This
Commotion
was
like
to
be
of
very
dangerous
consequence
,
for
the
common
people
of
Saragossa
began
to
be
very
violent
in
it
,
King
Philip
raisd
an
Army
of
10000.
foot
and
1500
horse
,
under
the
command
of
Don
Alonso
de
Vargas
,
a
Veteran
and
a
great
experiencd
Captain
;
they
of
Aragon
having
notice
hereof
,
were
preparing
another
Army
in
opposition
,
but
the
King
with
his
own
hand
writ
to
them
a
gracious
Letter
in
these
words
.
No
aver
levantado
aquel
Exercit●
si
no
para
passar
a
Francia
,
que
el
era
mejor
Aragonez
,
que
los
que
aconse
javan
se
le
estorvasse
el
passo
,
y
se
maravillava
mucho
se
creyes
cosa
que
a
el
aun
no
avia
passado
por
el
pensamiento
,
y
menos
romper
l●s
privilegios
a
un
Reyno
a
quien
amava
tanto
The
Army
which
he
was
a
raising
was
to
no
other
end
but
to
pass
to
France
,
he
was
a
better
Arrogonian
then
those
who
gave
advice
that
this
Army
shold
be
stopd
in
the
passage
,
and
he
wonderd
much
that
credit
shold
be
given
to
things
that
never
entred
into
his
head
,
where
he
never
habourd
the
least
thought
to
infringe
the
priviledge
of
a
Kingdome
,
which
he
lovd
so
well
.
This
Letter
was
like
a
gilded
Pill
with
strong
Drugs
within
,
for
no
sooner
was
the
Letter
sent
,
but
Don
Alonso
followd
with
his
Army
and
came
to
the
gates
of
Sarogosa
,
his
Soldiers
crying
out
for
France
,
for
France
,
Don
Alonso
being
entred
,
the
chief
Justice
of
Aragon
thinking
to
fly
away
was
apprehended
,
and
according
to
a
private
order
Don
Alonso
had
from
the
King
to
dispatch
in
the
first
place
Don
Iohn
de
Nuza
,
y
que
a
un
mismo
punto
le
avisasse
de
su
prision
y
de
su
muerte
who
shold
have
notice
at
the
same
instant
of
his
imprisonment
and
death
:
Don
Iohn
being
thus
apprehended
was
hurried
into
a
Coach
,
and
two
Jesuits
to
prepare
him
for
death
,
he
askt
by
vertue
of
what
Sentence
,
hereupon
they
shewd
him
that
short
order
,
which
Philip
all
of
his
own
hand-writing
had
delivered
Don
Alonso
.
That
Don
Iohn
de
Nuza
was
the
prime
Officer
of
the
Kindom
of
Aragon
;
a
goodly
fair
young
man
,
and
of
a
gallant
presence
,
therfore
his
death
was
very
much
lamented
,
specially
being
descended
of
the
most
illustrious
and
ancientst
Families
of
that
Kingdom
;
many
other
persons
of
quality
and
the
chief
Ring-leaders
of
this
Tumult
were
executed
,
and
their
heads
and
members
set
up
in
quarters
upon
the
gates
of
the
City
;
Antonio
Perez
had
made
his
escape
from
Saragosa
two
daies
before
towards
France
,
to
the
Country
of
Bern
,
where
Katherine
Queen
of
Navarr
and
Mother
to
Henry
the
fourth
,
gave
him
protection
and
entertainment
,
whereupon
a
publick
Ban
was
proclaimd
that
whosoever
could
bring
him
alive
,
or
dead
should
have
6000.
crowns
,
therfore
not
finding
himself
secure
so
neer
Spain
,
he
fled
to
England
,
and
thence
removd
to
Paris
,
where
he
did
lead
the
remainder
of
his
life
▪
gazd
upon
as
he
passd
the
streets
as
a
strange
Monster
of
Fortune
,
but
cryed
up
for
a
person
of
notable
sound
parts
,
and
politick
Speculations
.
A
little
after
King
Philip
,
his
Generall
Don
Alonzo
having
already
dispatcht
the
principalst
part
of
the
business
before
him
,
made
a
kind
of
progress
to
his
Kingdom
of
Aragon
,
and
convokd
a
Parliament
to
meet
at
Tarasona
,
but
a
generall
pardon
preceded
his
summons
,
only
the
Town
of
Tervel
and
Albarracin
excepted
with
145.
persons
besides
,
which
he
afterwards
forgave
,
so
he
confirmed
unto
them
such
priviledges
as
he
thought
;
he
enacted
new
Lawes
,
and
repeald
many
old
,
so
the
Kingdom
gave
him
a
present
of
about
four
hundred
thousand
crowns
,
so
he
returned
triumphantly
from
Aragon
to
Castille
,
having
thus
deprest
the
courage
of
that
high
crested
people
;
And
if
ever
that
Aphorism
was
verified
;
viz.
That
Rebellion
supprest
makes
the
Prince
the
stronger
,
surely
it
was
in
this
great
Action
,
as
may
be
inferrd
out
of
the
former
transactions
in
that
Kingdom
.
Upon
crushing
of
this
Aragonian
Cocatrice
in
the
shell
,
there
was
a
monstrous
strange
Hydra
engendred
in
France
with
I
cannot
tell
how
many
heads
:
The
Huguenots
began
to
be
potent
and
turbulent
there
,
the
Queen-mother
Katherine
de
Medicis
,
with
the
Guisards
were
great
Bigots
,
and
abhorring
that
faction
,
being
most
fervent
in
the
advance
of
the
Roman
cause
,
they
made
war
against
the
Huguenots
,
upon
those
grounds
;
Therupon
Philip
being
the
Catholick
King
,
could
do
no
less
in
the
quarrell
of
the
holy
Church
then
reach
his
Arme
and
assist
them
which
he
did
,
by
sending
order
to
the
Duke
of
Parma
his
Governour
in
Flanders
to
that
end
,
who
accordingly
rusht
into
France
and
pursued
his
march
as
far
as
the
walls
of
Paris
:
At
his
entrance
into
France
he
repaird
to
the
Cathedrall
Church
of
Meaux
where
he
protested
and
solemnly
swore
,
that
he
came
to
France
with
that
Army
(
which
consisted
of
10000.
foot
and
3000.
horse
)
to
no
other
intent
but
to
deliver
the
oppressed
friends
of
the
King
(
then
under
minority
)
from
the
violence
of
Rebells
and
Heriticks
,
in
which
quarrell
he
wold
expose
his
person
to
any
perils
whatsoever
,
and
he
knew
every
soul
under
the
Banners
of
his
Catholike
Majesty
which
were
in
this
Army
wold
do
the
like
:
Having
receivd
this
speciall
command
and
knowledg
of
his
sayd
Majesties
pleasure
accordingly
:
This
intricat
and
mysterious
War
calld
the
Ligue
lasted
by
intermissions
in
France
above
thirty
yeers
,
and
it
came
to
such
a
multiplicity
of
Interests
that
every
Province
became
Frontire
to
one
another
,
insomuch
that
that
gallant
&
entire
compleat
Kingdom
was
like
to
be
cut
into
fragments
&
cantonizd
.
Queen
Eliz:
of
England
was
offerrd
by
the
Hugonots
a
good
part
,
but
fore-seeing
what
confusion
it
wold
bring
,
and
how
much
it
wold
enfeeble
the
power
of
that
Kingdom
,
which
is
the
greatest
one
knot
of
strength
and
entire
power
that
is
able
to
counterbalance
that
of
the
Monarchy
of
Spain
,
she
refused
the
proffer
,
and
rather
assisted
the
preservation
of
the
Regall
power
in
that
Kingdom
.
King
Philip
having
don
such
signall
Services
for
the
Roman
Catholicks
in
France
,
&
having
wownd
himself
out
of
the
Ligue
from
warring
against
Heritiks
(
as
he
calld
the
Hugonots
)
he
turnd
his
Sword
against
Infidels
,
he
sent
a
puissant
Army
both
by
Land
and
Sea
,
under
Don
Francisco
de
Mendosa
,
who
was
Commander
in
chief
for
the
Conquest
of
Oran
upon
the
Coasts
of
Barbary
,
which
design
provd
so
succesfull
that
it
took
effect
,
yet
not
without
much
expence
of
blood
and
treasure
,
which
made
the
triumph
more
glorious
for
—
Turpis
sine
pulvere
palma
:
Having
thus
reducd
Oran
,
and
som
Territories
circumiacent
from
Mahumetismie
,
and
the
half
Moon
to
be
under
the
Standard
of
the
Cross
,
he
pursued
his
good
Fortunes
and
assaulted
another
Fort
in
Barbary
,
calld
Penion
de
Velez
which
he
also
carried
but
not
without
som
difficulty
.
After
a
little
breathing
from
beating
the
Turk
in
Barbary
,
he
had
opportunity
to
meet
him
at
Malta
,
which
being
besiegd
by
Solyman
,
he
sent
to
his
Viceroy
of
Naples
and
Sicily
to
make
what
strength
they
could
to
assist
the
great
Master
and
Knights
of
that
noble
Order
;
The
Siege
provd
very
obstinat
for
four
months
and
the
Canons
played
upon
the
walls
of
Malta
incossantly
,
which
batterd
som
of
them
down
to
the
ground
,
destroyed
multitudes
of
houses
,
killd
within
the
Town
7000.
of
all
ages
and
Sexes
,
with
2000.
Cavalliers
,
and
Commanders
of
all
Nations
,
who
had
sacrified
their
lives
for
the
preservation
of
Malta
,
and
therby
transmitted
their
Fame
to
Posterity
.
Don
Garcia
de
Toledo
hereupon
returnd
triumphantly
with
his
Fleet
to
Naples
,
where
the
three
Castles
and
the
Church
of
Carmine
saluted
him
,
with
sundry
Volleys
of
great
Shot
.
The
next
Design
was
no
less
succesfull
to
Philip
,
for
he
made
himself
absolut
Master
of
Melilla
,
notwithstanding
that
the
Mahumetans
added
witch-craft
to
their
Stratagems
of
War
to
over-throw
the
Spaniards
.
A
little
after
Philip
understanding
that
Florida
which
belongd
to
him
by
right
of
discovery
,
being
part
of
new-found
World
,
was
colonied
and
usurpd
by
a
Plantation
of
French
Hugonots
,
whom
he
abhorrd
as
Hereticks
in
his
opinion
,
the
chief
wherof
was
Iohn
Riblaut
,
King
Philip
commanded
eight
Galeons
with
1500.
Soldiers
to
be
made
ready
at
Ca●es
,
&
appointed
Pedro
Melendez
de
Valdez
Commander
,
in
chief
giving
him
the
title
of
Adelantado
or
Governour
of
Florida
,
after
a
prosperous
Navigation
thither
,
he
assaulted
a
Fort
which
the
French-men
had
built
,
and
he
pursued
the
point
of
his
Design
with
that
vigor
,
that
he
subdued
it
with
the
loss
of
a
150.
men
,
and
so
driving
the
French
into
the
Mountains
and
Desarts
,
he
made
himself
Master
of
the
Country
upon
Michaelmas
day
.
The
next
yeer
he
sent
Sea
and
Land
Forces
towards
the
Luzones
Ilands
which
ly
the
South-east
,
which
had
bin
discoverd
by
Magellan
before
.
And
he
imployed
upon
this
Service
Michael
Lope
de
Legaspe
,
who
had
such
prosperous
success
,
that
arriving
at
the
I
le
of
Zebu
he
was
receivd
with
much
humanity
and
frendship
by
Tupas
who
ruld
ther
as
King
;
so
he
built
ther
a
Town
calld
Saint
Michel
with
a
strong
Fort
,
and
having
som
Fryers
aboard
he
raysd
ther
the
Standard
of
the
Cross
,
and
many
of
the
Indians
were
reducd
to
Christianity
in
a
short
time
,
acknowledging
the
Catholic
King
for
their
Lord
Paramount
;
many
Iles
more
(
wherof
ther
is
such
an
infinity
)
rendred
themselfs
,
and
in
honor
of
the
King
they
were
Christned
las
Philippinas
,
making
a
Town
calld
Manila
the
chief
,
wher
afterwards
the
Christian
Vice-roys
resided
:
and
much
about
that
time
the
Frontire
Town
twixt
Champagne
and
Germany
took
his
name
,
and
is
calld
Philipsburg
to
this
day
.
All
this
while
King
Philip
had
the
wind
in
the
Poupe
,
and
Fortune
on
the
Fore-castle
,
but
now
growing
old
that
inconstant
Female
fell
from
him
,
and
turnd
her
back
,
and
as
commonly
one
good
Success
coms
not
alone
,
so
disaster
and
misfortunes
when
they
once
com
they
com
like
the
Surges
of
the
Sea
,
and
one
wave
upon
the
neck
of
another
:
And
indeed
the
affairs
of
this
instable
World
are
nothing
but
Vicissitudes
composd
of
good
,
and
bad
events
.
The
first
frown
tha●
Fortune
did
cast
upon
King
Philip
was
under
the
Command
of
the
Conde
of
Alcaudete
at
Mostagan
in
Barbary
,
wher
the
said
Conde
was
slain
by
the
Forces
of
the
Xariphe
,
a
petty
Morisco
King
;
and
so
the
enterprizd
fayld
.
Not
long
after
the
Napolitan
Gallies
with
other
Christian
Forces
had
very
lamentable
success
at
Los
Gelves
neer
Tripoli
,
wher
most
of
the
Christian
Fleet
perishd
:
Don
Alvaro
Commander
in
chief
was
taken
prisoner
and
presented
to
Piali
the
Turks
General
;
but
ther
was
a
great
deal
of
rashness
and
imprudence
usd
in
the
conduct
of
that
expedition
,
which
hapned
in
the
yeer
1570.
For
had
the
Christian
Army
set
upon
Tripoli
,
which
was
a
place
not
so
strong
in
the
ey
of
reason
and
all
humane
probability
,
they
might
have
taken
it
,
having
a
competent
strength
to
do
it
,
for
the
Army
consisted
of
12000.
Soldiers
besides
Commanders
,
38.
Galeons
and
26.
Gallies
,
but
as
Marriages
,
so
Victories
are
decreed
in
Heaven
.
Another
disastrous
Accident
hapned
in
the
Port
of
Herradura
in
the
Kingdom
of
Granada
,
wher
Don
Iohn
of
Mendosa
son
to
Bernardin
de
Mendoza
Vice-roy
and
Captain-Generall
of
Naples
,
who
having
a
considerable
Fleet
wherin
ther
were
3500.
land
Soldiers
,
which
were
to
be
quarterd
in
the
Kingdom
of
Valentia
wher
an
Insurrection
was
feard
,
there
blew
upon
a
sudden
such
a
furious
gust
of
an
East-wind
,
that
most
of
the
Fleet
perishd
,
and
above
5000.
Souls
.
But
this
mis-fortune
was
inferior
to
that
which
hapned
three
yeers
after
,
which
was
in
1574.
when
Aluch-Ali
that
famous
Turkish
Generall
came
with
a
formidable
Army
to
the
coasts
of
Barbary
,
wherwith
he
made
himself
Master
of
Goletta
and
Tunis
,
wher
above
200.
peeces
of
Ordinance
were
found
,
which
the
Enemy
made
prize
of
with
other
rich
Booties
;
they
destroyed
all
the
Churches
and
Monasteries
,
except
the
great
Church
which
was
preservd
by
a
ransom
of
money
.
This
crowd
of
Disasters
ushering
in
one
another
,
besides
that
costly
and
remote
War
in
Flanders
,
might
in
any
mans
judgment
,
have
daunted
the
spirits
of
King
Philip
,
who
before
had
bin
so
long
habituated
to
good
success
,
for
as
the
morall
Philosopher
tells
us
,
Miserum
est
fuisse
felicem
,
One
of
the
worst
kind
of
unhappiness
is
to
have
bin
happy
;
but
he
was
a
Prince
of
a
marvailous
aequanimity
and
temper
,
one
who
had
long
studied
the
mutable
condition
and
lubricities
of
this
world
,
insomuch
that
these
crosser
traverses
did
rather
heighten
his
mind
then
depress
it
;
for
not
long
after
he
riggd
a
mighty
Fleet
upon
a
great
Dessign
,
no
less
then
for
the
conquest
of
England
,
which
he
thought
to
swallow
at
a
bit
,
which
shews
that
neither
his
spirits
nor
treasure
was
wasted
,
notwithanding
the
vast
expences
in
the
Flemmish
Wars
,
and
so
many
millions
that
he
buried
in
building
the
Escuriall
.
The
ground
of
this
hardy
Enterprize
upon
England
,
was
that
he
had
receivd
divers
Indignities
and
his
Subjects
much
damage
from
his
Sister
Queen
Elizabeth
,
though
for
his
part
he
ever
since
the
death
of
his
wife
Queen
Mary
,
forbore
to
do
any
thing
that
might
displease
her
,
during
his
aboad
in
England
,
he
had
don
her
such
signall
and
high
favors
,
as
to
preserve
her
head
from
the
Scaffold
,
to
have
her
allowance
enlargd
,
to
divert
her
Sister
from
a
design
she
had
to
send
her
beyond
Sea
to
be
a
Nun
;
and
at
his
departure
from
England
he
desired
not
to
carry
with
him
but
one
Ring
of
100
l.
price
,
nor
demanded
he
any
thing
of
his
wifes
moveables
after
her
death
:
And
lastly
he
had
shewed
no
small
love
for
comprehending
the
surrendry
of
Calais
to
the
English
in
his
treaty
of
peace
with
France
;
But
in
lieu
of
these
Plums
he
gave
her
,
she
threw
the
stones
at
him
,
by
assisting
Don
Antonio
the
Bastard
,
against
him
about
the
Title
of
Portugal
,
by
fomenting
his
own
naturall
Subjects
against
him
,
in
the
revolt
of
the
confederat
Provinces
,
as
far
as
to
send
a
Governor
of
her
own
amongst
them
,
by
giving
commissions
to
rob
him
in
the
Indies
,
by
intercepting
som
of
his
treasure
in
her
own
Seas
going
to
Flanders
,
by
wronging
som
of
the
Haus
Towns
who
were
under
his
protection
:
These
with
sundry
lucitements
more
,
causd
Philip
to
prepare
this
powerfull
Fleet
to
be
quit
with
her
at
once
for
all
old
Scores
,
and
if
all
things
had
fallen
right
in
the
intended
conjuncture
,
ther
was
proportion
enough
of
strength
(
to
speak
without
flattery
)
that
might
in
all
probability
have
subdued
England
;
for
ther
were
130.
Galeons
,
and
Gallies
;
ther
wer
20000.
fighting
men
aboard
,
neer
upon
3000.
Canons
with
Bullets
,
Amunition
,
and
all
things
requisit
;
The
Duke
of
Parma
was
to
cross
over
from
Flanders
with
2000.
fighting
men
,
more
horse
and
foot
,
but
he
wanted
a
Fleet
to
transport
them
,
which
was
the
greatest
over-sight
the
Spaniards
committed
in
the
tracing
and
conduct
of
this
business
;
But
this
mighty
invincible
Armada
vanisht
away
into
smoak
,
by
contrary
winds
and
horrid
tempest
which
attended
the
Fleet
,
from
beginning
to
ending
;
for
many
ill-favord
accidents
happened
at
the
very
beginning
,
which
might
presage
the
Disasters
following
:
The
Generalissimo
the
Marquess
of
San-Cruzd
,
a
long
experienc'd
and
fortunate
Captain
dyed
a●
he
was
ready
to
set
sayl
for
the
expedition
;
the
Duke
of
Medina
being
chosen
in
his
place
,
as
soon
as
he
launchd
out
,
he
was
beaten
by
an
impetuous
storm
in
the
Bay
of
Biscay
upon
the
coasts
of
France
,
where
he
lost
divers
bottoms
,
and
the
winds
were
so
cross
,
that
wheras
they
thought
to
visit
England
in
May
they
came
not
till
Iuly
,
wher
they
had
such
rough
welcom
that
10000.
of
their
men
were
made
food
for
Hadocks
,
three
parts
of
four
of
their
Navy
were
sunk
,
burnd
,
or
taken
,
and
those
which
scapd
could
not
return
the
same
way
they
came
,
but
coasting
by
Denmark
and
Norway
fetcht
a
compass
about
Ireland
,
and
so
came
home
pittifully
shatterd
,
torn
,
and
tatterd
.
This
provd
a
heavy
loss
to
Spain
which
she
could
not
repair
(
as
they
say
)
twenty
yeers
after
:
The
English
push
on
their
good
fortune
,
and
the
next
yeer
take
Cales
,
which
they
sackt
and
plunderd
;
divers
ill
successes
did
consecutively
happen
divers
yeers
to
King
Philip
,
so
that
his
Fortune
made
him
som
amends
,
with
his
Age
,
but
the
reduction
of
Portugal
under
the
Crown
of
Castile
,
which
in
modesty
he
calld
an
Vnion
rather
then
a
Conquest
,
though
it
was
a
tru
one
:
He
seald
all
his
Exploits
with
this
,
and
it
was
the
last
great
action
of
his
life
,
for
ever
after
he
meddled
little
with
public
business
,
but
transmitted
them
to
his
Son
who
usd
to
sign
and
seal
most
dispatches
.
King
Philip
was
now
entring
upon
his
71.
yeer
(
but
a
good
while
before
he
grew
valetudinary
and
weak
)
for
twelve
yeers
before
his
death
he
drank
not
a
drop
of
Wine
,
nor
did
he
eat
b●t
at
set
hours
,
and
then
by
weight
and
sparingly
to
starve
his
Gout
,
wherwith
besides
other
indispositions
he
was
tormented
many
yeers
,
insomuch
that
death
did
not
surpize
and
assault
him
upon
a
sudden
,
but
she
gave
him
fair
warning
before-hand
;
ther
wer
divers
incisions
made
into
one
of
his
legs
,
and
he
was
content
to
have
one
of
his
fingers
sawd
off
to
stop
a
Gangrene
that
happened
ther
;
at
last
it
grew
to
be
the
pediculary
disease
,
all
which
he
endurd
with
much
humility
and
wonderfull
courage
;
It
might
be
sayd
that
his
body
was
the
field
wher
his
foes
wer
incampd
,
and
he
the
Combatant
,
they
wer
both
quarterd
together
;
he
billited
and
fed
his
own
Enemies
who
wer
all
his
Inmates
:
During
his
sickness
he
had
frequent
symptomes
of
mortification
which
encreasd
with
his
Agonies
.
The
last
50.
daies
before
his
death
he
took
the
Communion
fourteen
times
,
and
confessed
so
often
;
He
began
to
put
his
house
in
order
,
and
to
prescribe
the
mode
how
he
wold
be
buried
,
causing
them
to
open
his
Fathers
Coffin
,
and
to
take
the
mesure
of
it
,
for
he
wold
be
buried
in
the
same
posture
,
which
was
in
the
Frock
of
a
poor
Fryer
:
The
Chirurgeons
being
lancing
of
his
knee
one
day
,
the
Prince
his
son
askt
him
whether
it
did
not
pain
him
much
,
he
answerd
,
mucho
mas
me
duelen
mis
pecados
,
My
sins
pain
me
much
more
:
In
the
height
of
his
anguishes
his
speech
usd
to
be
,
Padre
Eterno
tu
voluntad
se
haga
y
no
la
mia
;
Eternall
Father
thy
will
be
done
and
not
mine
.
Som
daies
before
his
last
he
calld
for
the
Prince
his
Son
,
and
told
him
,
No
se
sentia
con
fuerças
ni
capacidad
para
advertirle
lo
que
era
necessario
para
el
govierno
de
tantos
pueblos
que
dexava
a
su
cargo
,
mas
que
dexava
un
papel
en
poder
de
su
confessor
,
en
que
hallaria
los
mas
saludables
consejos
de
sus
experiencias
,
y
los
mas
justos
avisos
que
su
conscientia
le
dicto
My
Son
,
I
do
not
find
my self
now
to
have
strength
or
capacity
enough
to
communicate
unto
you
what
is
necessary
for
the
government
of
so
many
peeple
which
are
to
fall
under
your
Government
,
but
I
have
left
in
the
hands
of
my
Confessor
a
paper
,
wherin
you
shall
find
the
wholsomst
advise
that
my
experience
and
conscience
could
dictat
;
so
he
causd
him
to
read
what
Saint
Lewis
of
France
sayd
to
his
Son
Philip
before
his
death
;
Afterwards
he
commanded
an
Ivory
Cabinet
to
be
brought
,
whence
he
took
out
a
plain
Crucifix
of
wood
,
and
a
penitentiall
Whip
all
blooded
,
saying
,
wheras
others
use
to
leave
Rings
and
Jewels
at
their
death
to
them
whom
they
love
most
,
I
leave
you
,
my
Son
,
this
Discipline
(
meaning
the
Whip
for
so
they
call
it
in
Spain
)
which
he
conjurd
him
upon
his
blessing
to
make
often
use
of
,
for
as
he
sayd
,
Con
esta
disciplina
podria
mesclar
su
sangre
con
la
de
su
padre
y
su
abuelo
In
using
this
you
may
mingle
your
blood
with
that
of
your
Fathers
and
Grand-fathers
:
And
touching
that
plain
Crucifix
,
he
told
him
that
his
Grand-father
dyed
having
it
in
his
hands
,
and
so
would
he
,
wishing
his
Son
to
do
the
like
.
The
next
day
he
took
the
extream
Unction
at
nine
of
the
night
,
desiring
first
to
be
informd
by
the
Arch-bishop
of
Toledo
how
it
was
usd
to
be
usd
,
for
he
had
never
seen
it
don
before
;
he
had
the
Prince
his
Son
ther
present
,
to
whom
for
all
his
spirits
were
so
much
wasted
,
he
made
this
rare
Speech
.
He
querido
,
Hijo
mio
,
os
hallassedes
presente
en
esta
hora
,
y
viessedes
como
yo
he
recebido
la
santa
Vnction
lo
uno
porque
no
os
suceda
lo
que
o
mi
,
y
tengais
la
ignorancia
que
yo
,
lo
otro
paraque
veais
en
que
paran
las
Monarquias
deste
mundo
;
ya
veys
,
Hijo
mio
,
como
Dios
me
ha
despojado
de
la
gloria
y
Magestad
de
Rey
para
daros
a
vos
esta
investidura
,
a
mi
me
pondran
dentro
de
pocas
horas
una
pobre
mortaja
,
y
me
ceniran
con
un
pobre
cordel
,
y
a
se
me
ca●
de
la
cabes
a
la
Corona
,
la
muerte
me
la
quita
para
daros
la
a
vos
.
Dos
cosas
os
encomiendo
mucho
la
una
que
permanescais
siempre
en
la
obediencia
de
la
santa
Iglesia
Catolica
;
la
otra
que
hagais
justicia
,
y
ameis
a
vuestros
vassallos
,
pues
vendrá
tiempo
en
que
esta
corona
se
os
cayga
de
la
cabeca
como
aora
a
mi
,
vos
sois
mancebo
yo
lo
he
sido
,
mis
dias
estavan
contades
,
ya
se
han
acabado
,
Dios
sabe
los
que
tendreis
de
vida
,
y
tambien
han
de
tener
fin
,
y
assi
es
menester
no
desany
daros
en
lo
que
tanto
importa
,
sino
mirar
como
vivis
,
porque
la
muerte
os
halle
en
buen
estado
siempre
que
os
llame
My
Son
,
I
was
willing
you
shold
be
present
at
this
hour
,
now
that
I
am
taking
the
holy
Unction
for
two
respects
,
first
,
that
you
might
be
not
so
ignorant
hereof
as
I
have
bin
;
Secondly
,
that
you
may
be
an
Ey-witness
what
becoms
of
worldly
Monarchs
;
you
see
alredy
,
my
Son
,
how
God
hath
disrobd
me
of
the
Glory
and
Majesty
of
a
King
,
to
transfer
this
investiture
to
you
,
they
will
very
speedily
wind
me
up
in
a
poor
sheet
and
gird
me
about
with
a
poor
girdle
(
meaning
Saint
Francis
Cordon
)
The
Crown
is
upon
point
of
falling
off
my
head
,
death
takes
it
from
me
to
give
it
you
;
I
recommend
unto
you
two
things
,
first
,
that
you
wold
continue
constant
in
the
holy
Catholic
Church
:
Secondly
,
that
you
wold
cause
Justice
to
be
don
to
your
Subjects
,
and
that
you
wold
love
them
,
for
the
time
will
com
that
the
Crown
will
also
fall
from
off
your
head
,
as
it
doth
from
mine
;
you
are
young
and
I
am
old
,
my
daies
wer
reckond
,
and
the
Score
is
onw
striking
off
,
yours
also
must
have
an
end
,
therefore
it
behoves
you
not
to
be
careless
how
much
it
imports
you
,
but
be
heedfull
what
life
you
lead
,
that
death
may
find
you
in
a
good
condition
when
he
summons
you
away
.
Afterwards
he
much
recommended
unto
him
a
War
against
Hereticks
,
and
Peace
with
France
,
;
The
Prince
thinking
that
he
was
now
expird
,
and
to
settle
the
Marquess
of
Denia
his
Favorit
,
afterwards
Duke
of
Lerma
,
he
demanded
the
golden
Key
of
his
Closet
of
Don
Christo
val
de
mora
,
he
answerd
,
that
he
could
not
do
it
while
the
King
was
living
;
the
Prince
being
a
little
movd
therat
Don
Christoval
complained
to
the
King
,
who
although
he
likd
not
his
Sons
demand
por
ser
algo
temprana
,
because
it
was
somwhat
to
early
,
yet
he
commanded
Don
Christo
val
to
deliver
it
him
,
and
aske
him
pardon
;
Now
,
the
King
had
a
year
before
turnd
his
face
to
the
wall
towards
death
,
and
his
back
to
the
world
,
from
all
troublesom
businesses
,
so
that
the
Prince
signd
most
Commissions
all
the
while
.
So
on
Sunday
about
five
in
the
afternoon
upon
the
day
of
rest
,
Philip
went
gently
to
his
last
,
and
he
fell
with
the
fall
of
the
leaf
in
September
,
being
seventy
one
yeers
of
age
,
to
which
age
none
of
the
Austrian
Family
ever
arrivd
,
as
it
was
observd
.
The
last
words
which
he
breathd
were
these
,
yo
muero
como
Catolico
Christiano
en
lafe
&
obediencia
de
la
iglesia
Romana
,
y
Respeto
al
papa
como
a
quie●
trae
en
sus
manos
las
llaves
del
cielo
como
al
principe
de
la
iglesia
,
y
Teniente
de
Dios
sobre
el
imperio
de
las
almas
.
I
dy
a
Catholic
Christian
,
in
the
faith
and
obedience
of
the
Roman
Church
,
and
I
respect
the
Pope
as
him
who
carries
in
his
hands
the
Keys
of
Heaven
being
Prince
of
the
Church
,
and
Gods
Lieurenant
over
the
Empire
of
Souls
.
Thus
Philip
el
prudente
Philip
the
prudent
(
for
that
Epithet
was
given
him
afterwards
by
a
Parliament
in
Spain
,
and
confirmd
solemnly
afterwards
in
a
Consistory
at
Rome
)
took
his
last
farewell
of
this
World
,
wherin
he
had
bin
salted
,
as
it
were
so
long
,
by
so
many
incumbrances
and
sicknesses
.
The
report
of
his
death
made
a
great
sound
up
and
down
the
world
,
specially
in
Rome
wher
it
was
much
resented
;
For
the
Pope
calld
an
extraordinary
Consistory
the
next
day
,
wherin
he
declard
that
if
ever
the
Apostolick
See
had
cause
of
grief
and
affliction
,
it
was
for
the
decease
of
this
Prince
,
because
the
holy
Church
had
left
her
greatest
Champion
,
and
her
Persecutors
their
potentst
Enemy
,
whose
life
was
no
other
then
a
continuall
combat
against
Apostacy
and
Error
;
so
he
compard
him
to
David
in
his
hatred
of
Gods
Enemies
,
to
Salomon
in
wisdom
,
to
Josias
in
reformation
of
holy
things
,
to
Jacob
in
patience
,
to
Augustus
in
valour
,
to
Trajan
and
Theodosius
in
obedience
to
the
holy
Church
;
but
ther
wer
two
things
that
comforted
him
for
so
great
a
loss
,
his
so
immutable
and
rocky
perseverance
in
his
religion
,
his
admirable
resignation
of
his
will
to
God
,
and
his
incredible
patience
in
his
suffrances
which
wer
so
many
.
By
this
pathetic
Speech
did
Clement
the
8th
.
as
it
wer
canonize
King
Philip
,
and
endear
his
memory
to
the
Catholic
world
:
In
Spain
the
condolement
for
his
death
was
so
universall
,
that
every
one
did
put
himself
in
mourning
for
him
,
which
they
wore
so
long
,
that
finding
a
kind
of
gravity
as
well
as
conveniency
in
black
the
Spaniards
are
more
addicted
to
that
colour
then
any
Nation
ever
since
;
and
questionless
he
was
a
Prince
of
a
rare
temper
,
of
a
large
soul
,
and
extraordinary
intellectuals
;
he
was
devoted
to
his
Religion
in
an
intense
degree
,
for
he
wold
often
say
,
si
el
P●incipe
su
hjjo
fuera
hereje
,
scilmatico
,
diera
el
mismo
la
lenapara
quemarle
;
If
the
Prince
his
Son
wer
a
Heretick
or
Schismatic
he
wold
himself
find
fuel
to
burn
him
:
What
a
world
of
pious
works
did
he
erect
,
first
,
he
founded
the
Church
of
Saint
Barnaba
▪
the
Apostle
in
the
Escurial
,
he
built
half
the
Convent
of
Saint
Philip
in
Madrid
,
he
added
a
Cloyster
to
our
Lady
of
Hope
in
Ocana
,
another
to
the
Lady
〈◊〉
wher
he
also
built
a
royall
Chappel
;
he
gave
seven
thousand
Crowns
to
Saint
Hieronimo
,
seven
thousand
more
to
Saint
Benet
in
Valladolid
,
with
a
perpetuall
rent
of
eight
hundred
Crowns
per
an
:
to
the
great
Church
there
,
eighteen
thousand
Crowns
to
the
Minorits
of
Madrid
;
he
made
a
large
Colledg
of
Antonio
Perez
house
,
endowing
with
large
Rents
and
calling
it
Saint
Isab●l
:
He
sent
mighty
presents
to
Loreto
,
he
contributed
much
for
erecting
the
Monarchy
of
the
Mintins
in
Madrid
,
he
founded
that
of
Saint
Paul
in
Arevalo
,
he
gave
our
Lady
de
Gu●dalitire
twenty
thousand
Crowns
,
and
so
much
to
the
Lady
of
Monserrat
,
he
erected
many
Bishopricks
,
augmented
the
number
of
Prebends
in
Granada
,
and
not
long
before
his
death
he
founded
a
Monastery
of
Augustins
in
Huesca
,
he
founded
also
divers
Hospitals
up
and
down
in
Spain
;
But
what
shall
we
say
of
the
royal
Monastery
of
Saint
Laurence
in
the
Escurial
,
it
is
better
to
let
it
alone
,
because
it
is
impossible
to
speak
enough
of
it
,
being
the
eighth
wonder
of
the
world
;
let
it
suffice
that
it
cost
above
twenty
millions
the
building
,
and
after
it
was
finishd
the
Founder
had
the
T●uition
and
pleasure
of
it
for
many
yeers
:
It
wold
require
a
Volume
of
it self
to
relate
what
religious
houses
he
built
beyond
the
Seas
in
his
severall
Dominions
;
ther
wer
forty
Convents
erected
in
the
Indies
by
his
speciall
Order
and
charge
,
and
if
other
Kings
are
prayed
for
as
being
great
Benefactors
,
if
they
built
a
Colledg
or
a
Church
or
an
Hospitall
;
what
prayers
and
prayses
did
this
King
deserve
?
Moreover
he
causd
the
holy
Bible
to
be
expurgd
and
to
be
printed
in
eight
stately
Toms
upon
his
own
charge
.
Much
more
might
be
spoken
of
his
inclinations
to
piety
in
his
way
;
now
touching
his
Iustice
which
next
to
Religion
is
the
greatest
colman
that
supports
a
Kingdom
,
ther
be
divers
examples
therof
,
for
he
was
the
common
Arbiter
of
difference
betwixt
Princes
,
he
ended
the
contest
between
Ferrara
and
Luca
,
betwixt
the
Venetians
and
the
Malteses
,
twixt
Genoa
and
Savoy
,
twixt
Savoy
and
Mantova
.
He
was
also
very
munificent
,
and
an
exact
rewarder
of
Services
,
insomuch
that
old
Commanders
,
knowing
his
disposition
that
way
,
wold
com
and
boldly
demand
Ayuda
de
costas
,
or
a
speciall
reward
from
him
,
notwitstanding
that
they
were
payed
all
their
arreares
before
:
One
day
there
happend
a
facecious
passage
twixt
an
old
Captain
who
had
servd
him
long
in
the
Belgian
Warrs
,
and
being
delayed
by
the
Councell
of
State
,
he
went
to
find
the
King
,
who
was
then
at
the
Escuriall
,
where
it
happend
he
was
a
hunting
;
the
Captain
takes
his
Mule
and
meeting
the
King
single
by
himself
in
the
field
,
the
King
began
to
discourse
with
him
,
and
askd
him
what
he
was
,
the
Soldier
thinking
he
had
bin
som
privat
man
▪
told
him
all
,
how
he
had
servd
Don
Philip
so
many
years
in
the
Netherlands
,
and
now
he
was
com
to
demand
his
reward
from
him
,
the
King
replied
,
asking
him
whether
Don
Philip
owd
him
any
thing
in
point
of
pay
,
No
,
answerd
the
Captain
;
then
sayed
the
King
you
can
demand
nothing
of
right
,
being
satisfied
all
your
arreares
,
and
I
beleeve
Don
Philip
having
so
many
Irons
in
the
fire
,
and
being
deeply
in
debt
himself
will
hardly
give
you
any
thing
,
the
Captain
broke
off
abruptly
and
sayed
,
Pues
que
me
bese
la
mula
in
el
culo
,
Then
let
him
kisse
my
Mule
in
the
tayle
;
the
King
calld
him
again
,
and
askd
him
what
addresses
he
had
made
,
he
told
him
that
he
had
often
attended
the
Councell
of
State
and
Warr
with
his
memorialls
,
but
he
could
do
no
good
,
for
he
could
never
light
upon
the
King
there
;
well
,
sayed
the
King
,
the
Councell
of
State
and
Warr
sit
to
morrow
and
I
shall
be
there
,
for
I
am
an
Officer
in
that
Councell
,
therfore
if
you
com
I
shall
let
you
in
,
and
you
shall
see
Don
Philip
himself
to
whom
you
may
make
your
own
tale
;
the
King
presided
himself
the
next
day
in
the
Councell
,
and
gave
speciall
order
that
if
such
a
man
came
,
giving
a
description
of
him
,
and
his
name
which
he
had
learnt
of
him
,
he
shold
be
let
in
;
the
Captain
being
entred
,
and
seeing
the
King
there
and
all
the
Councel
bare-headed
before
him
,
though
he
knew
him
to
be
the
same
man
whom
he
hed
met
the
day
before
in
the
Escurial
,
&
knew
him
also
now
to
be
the
King
,
yet
he
was
not
much
out
of
countenance
;
the
King
askt
him
whether
he
rememberd
what
discourse
had
passd
betwixt
them
in
the
field
the
day
before
,
yes
Sir
,
sayd
the
Captain
,
then
you
remember
you
sayed
,
That
if
the
King
would
not
give
you
a
reward
he
might
kiss
your
Mule
in
the
tail
,
Sir
,
answerd
he
again
,
Senot
lo
dicho
dichio
▪
mi
Mula
esta
debaxo
a
la
puertu
,
Sir
,
what
I
sayd
,
I
sayd
,
and
my
Mule
is
below
at
the
Court
gate
;
The
King
was
not
awhit
movd
hereat
,
but
gave
him
his
hand
to
kiss
,
and
commanded
a
good
reward
to
be
given
him
;
Yet
King
Philip
gave
another
kind
of
answer
to
another
Soldier
who
petitioning
him
for
som
act
of
bounty
,
he
told
him
▪
si
a
todos
los
que
me
piden
daria
,
presto
pediria
yo
,
If
I
should
give
to
all
those
that
petition
me
,
I
shold
com
to
beg
my self
:
And
it
is
a
rule
in
Government
,
that
he
who
knows
not
how
to
deny
knows
not
how
to
raign
.
He
had
a
marvailous
equality
of
mind
,
and
constancy
of
disposition
,
which
rendred
him
a
great
Master
of
his
passions
,
and
to
have
an
absolut
Empire
over
them
:
Neither
good
or
bad
news
could
move
him
,
or
make
him
go
from
home
,
or
depart
from
his
wonted
self
,
neither
the
one
could
transport
him
to
extraordinary
fits
of
joy
,
nor
the
other
to
dumps
of
sadness
,
he
was
of
such
an
admired
temper
,
I
will
produce
a
few
instances
;
The
worst
newes
that
ever
came
unto
him
was
the
dismall
ill
successe
of
his
fleet
in
the
yeer
88
▪
and
when
the
Courtier
that
brought
him
the
first
tidings
came
puffing
&
blowing
with
a
halter
about
his
neck
,
he
was
then
looking
upon
a
Mason
settling
a
corner
stone
in
the
Escurial
but
before
he
wold
ask
him
a
question
or
receave
the
packet
,
he
stayed
till
the
Mason
had
don
his
business
,
then
reading
the
letter
of
advice
from
the
Duke
of
Medina
with
all
the
circumstance
of
tha●
deplorable
expedition
to
England
,
without
the
least
motion
or
change
of
countenance
,
he
sayed
onely
,
welcom
be
the
will
of
God
,
I
sent
my
Cosen
the
Duke
of
Medina
to
fight
with
men
not
with
the
Elements
:
Two
of
the
most
comfortable
tydings
that
ever
came
unto
him
,
wer
those
of
the
Battail
in
the
gulph
of
Lepanto
,
the
other
of
the
conquest
of
Portugal
;
when
the
maiden
news
of
the
first
was
brought
him
,
being
heightned
with
much
Eloquence
and
exaggeration
of
speech
,
yet
nothing
could
move
him
to
go
from
himself
,
but
without
the
least
motion
of
extraordinary
joy
,
he
gravely
answerd
Mucho
ha
aucenturado
mi
Hermano
Don
Iuan
,
my
brother
Don
Iohn
last
venturd
very
far
,
and
it
was
the
first
time
he
stild
him
brother
:
Touching
that
of
Portugal
,
when
the
fi●st
intelligence
was
brought
how
the
Duke
of
Alua
had
discomfited
the
Forces
of
Don
Antonio
,
and
made
himself
Master
of
Lisbon
,
and
so
of
Portugal
,
one
of
the
greatest
additions
that
ever
befell
the
Spanish
Monarchy
,
he
calmely
sayed
el
Duque
de
Alua
es
un
gran
capitan
,
y
muy
hombre
de
bien
.
The
Duke
of
Alua
is
a
great
Captain
,
and
a
very
honest
man
;
He
was
usd
to
have
a
saying
often
in
his
mouth
el
tiempo
y
yo
para
otros
dos
,
Time
and
I
will
challenge
any
two
in
the
world
:
Indeed
he
was
mighty
deliberat
and
cautious
in
all
his
undertakings
and
somwhat
slow
in
councell
,
remembring
the
saying
of
his
Father
the
Emperour
,
That
Kings
shold
be
like
Saturn
,
which
as
it
is
the
highest
so
it
is
the
slowest
of
all
the
Planets
in
point
of
movement
;
now
slowness
carrieth
with
it
commonly
a
stately
kind
of
gravity
which
he
affected
much
,
and
therin
was
a
tru
Spaniard
,
who
will
hardly
change
his
pace
though
it
be
with
a
whip
.
He
very
much
honord
the
Sacerdotall
dignity
,
esteeming
that
reverence
which
he
did
to
Gods
Ministers
to
reflect
upon
his
own
divine
Majesty
,
A
gentleman
of
Toledo
shott
a
Musket
at
a
Canon
of
the
Church
,
though
it
missd
him
yet
he
causd
the
gentleman
to
be
beheaded
,
and
another
for
giving
but
a
cuff
to
a
Capuchin
Fryer
;
Ther
was
a
process
of
fower
and
twenty
yeers
standing
in
Valentia
,
who
shold
give
the
Pax
at
Mass
to
the
Priest
,
the
Vice-roy
or
the
Arch-bishop
,
the
Duke
of
Naiara
had
contested
much
for
it
;
not
long
after
King
Philip
came
to
his
City
of
Valentia
upon
som
signall
ocasions
,
and
being
at
a
conventuall
Masse
in
a
Monastery
,
he
commanded
him
who
carried
the
Pax
to
give
it
first
to
the
Arch-bishop
,
&
so
the
suit
was
ended
;
he
held
that
a
reverend
aw
to
the
Governors
of
the
Church
was
the
prime
support
of
piety
,
they
having
charge
of
the
noblest
part
of
man
which
is
his
Soul
:
And
herein
he
was
much
in
the
right
,
for
wher
this
awfull
Reverence
is
lost
,
nothing
but
Sacriledg
,
confusion
,
and
Heresy
will
follow
,
as
we
find
by
late
woful
experience
,
besides
this
reverence
to
Church-men
is
often
very
available
to
compose
tumults
:
As
he
did
put
a
sudden
end
to
that
church
contestation
betwixt
the
Arch-bishop
and
Vice-roy
,
so
he
had
a
Magisteriall
and
Majestick
way
of
reconciling
differences
and
emulations
among
his
Nobles
:
In
a
Parliament
he
had
once
summond
ther
fell
a
high
debate
twixt
the
two
great
Cities
of
Toledo
and
Burgos
(
the
one
being
the
head
of
old
Castile
,
the
other
of
the
new
)
who
of
them
shold
speak
first
,
and
the
debate
grew
very
high
,
Phillip
hearing
of
it
came
with
all
the
Ensigns
of
Majesty
to
the
Parliment-house
,
and
ended
the
difference
by
this
witty
way
,
hable
Burgos
,
que
por
Toledo
hablare
yo
,
let
Burgos
speak
,
for
Toledo
I
will
speak
my self
,
so
they
did
acquiesse
,
but
which
of
them
had
the
better
,
I
leave
it
to
the
judgment
of
the
Reader
.
Thus
the
practise
of
this
King
may
be
a
pattern
for
all
Princes
to
govern
by
,
his
way
of
ruling
may
be
a
rule
to
raign
by
,
the
manner
of
his
living
and
dying
may
be
a
rule
to
dy
and
live
by
;
yet
a
little
before
his
death
he
commanded
Christoval
de
Mora
to
burn
all
his
privat
papers
.
Philip
the
second
had
four
Wifes
,
the
first
was
the
Infanta
of
Portugal
Donna
Maria
,
the
second
was
Mary
Queen
of
England
,
the
third
Isabel
the
eldest
Daughter
of
France
,
and
the
fourth
,
Anne
the
Emperours
Daughter
(
his
Neece
)
of
whom
he
had
Philip
the
third
who
succeeded
him
;
he
had
in
all
five
Sons
and
three
Daughters
,
Don
Carlos
was
his
first
begotten
,
who
dyed
in
the
flower
of
his
age
,
but
because
ther
have
bin
and
continue
to
this
day
divers
dark
discourses
of
the
cause
of
the
Princes
death
,
I
will
be
more
large
in
the
relation
according
to
the
Manuscript
I
had
from
a
person
of
knowledg
and
honor
.
Don
Carlos
eldest
Son
to
Philip
the
second
of
Spain
,
was
born
in
Valladolid
somtimes
the
Court
of
the
Catholic
Kings
:
In
his
Fathers
absence
he
was
,
being
com
to
the
age
of
foutteen
yeers
,
bred
under
the
King
of
Bohemia
his
Uncle
,
who
then
governd
Spain
,
with
his
Ant
Donna
Iuana
,
during
that
charge
they
had
of
him
,
they
wer
more
carefull
of
the
conservation
of
his
health
and
growth
,
then
of
his
Education
,
shewing
herein
too
much
indulgency
,
and
suffering
him
to
have
his
will
too
much
;
His
Father
at
his
return
to
Spain
observd
in
him
som
wildish
humors
which
he
connivd
at
thinking
that
time
wold
correct
them
;
At
sixteen
yeers
of
age
he
was
sworn
Prince
in
the
City
of
Toledo
,
with
the
greatest
solemnity
that
ever
was
seen
in
Spain
;
his
Father
then
sent
him
and
his
Uncle
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
,
together
with
Alexander
Prince
of
Parma
,
to
Complutum
or
the
University
of
Alcala
to
get
somthing
of
the
Latin
Toung
,
and
som
knowledg
in
the
Mathematicks
;
It
happend
that
in
a
waggery
climing
up
a
Ladder
as
he
came
down
he
fell
so
unluckily
,
that
he
was
mortally
hurt
in
his
skull
and
back-bone
,
the
King
went
instantly
to
see
him
,
when
he
found
him
in
a
swown
,
all
the
Churches
prayed
for
him
,
and
the
body
of
Saint
Diego
which
is
the
greatest
relique
they
have
in
Alcala
was
brought
,
and
put
upon
him
a
good
while
,
he
then
began
to
com
to
himself
again
,
so
a
while
after
by
the
care
and
skill
of
Andria
Basili
he
was
cured
,
but
to
make
vent
for
som
congeald
corrupted
blood
that
was
within
,
he
was
forcd
to
open
part
of
the
Pericraniu●
,
which
made
him
ever
after
to
be
of
a
weak
brain
,
subject
to
extravagancies
;
he
wold
somtimes
go
up
and
down
his
Fathers
house
and
abuse
his
Servants
,
he
wold
hurl
out
som
out
at
the
windows
,
kick
and
cuff
others
:
One
time
he
made
his
Shoomaker
to
eat
a
peece
of
his
Boots
,
because
they
wer
too
streight
for
him
;
Cardinal
Espinota
coming
one
day
to
Court
he
grappld
him
by
the
Rocket
,
and
threatned
him
by
the
life
of
his
Father
.
These
and
such
like
exorbitances
did
much
afflict
Don
Philip
his
Father
,
who
once
intended
to
have
sent
him
to
Flanders
,
upon
the
beginning
of
the
commotions
there
,
and
withal
the
Emperor
Ferdinand
seemd
to
invite
him
,
offring
the
Infanta
Dona
Anna
to
him
in
marriage
,
but
the
Prince
continuing
in
his
maddish
fits
,
the
King
alterd
his
resolution
and
sent
thither
the
Duke
of
Alua
,
who
coming
to
kiss
the
Princes
hands
before
his
departure
,
he
told
him
in
a
great
fury
,
that
he
shold
not
go
to
Flanders
,
for
the
voyage
belonged
unto
him
,
and
if
he
contradicted
him
he
wold
kill
him
:
A
little
after
he
writ
to
divers
of
the
Grandees
,
that
they
wold
assist
him
in
a
business
which
much
concernd
him
,
they
returnd
a
respectfull
answer
,
that
they
were
ready
to
serve
him
in
any
thing
,
so
it
were
not
against
his
Father
:
These
Letters
were
sent
to
King
Philip
,
and
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
being
then
at
Court
discoverd
unto
him
the
extravagant
designs
of
the
Prince
,
which
was
to
steal
away
to
Germany
,
to
marry
his
Cosen
the
Emperors
Daughter
,
having
for
his
jorney
sent
him
from
Sevill
150000.
Crowns
,
and
he
exspected
●50000
.
more
;
King
Philip
being
then
at
the
Escurial
,
and
having
timely
notice
hereof
,
came
presently
to
Madrid
,
whither
he
sent
for
the
Duke
of
Feria
with
others
of
his
privy
Counsellors
;
In
the
dead
of
night
he
went
with
them
to
the
Prince
his
Quarter
,
the
first
who
entred
was
the
Duke
of
Feria
,
the
Prince
●●aring
upon
him
from
his
bed
,
sayed
,
Duke
what
do
you
here
this
time
of
night
?
presently
after
appeard
his
Father
wherat
the
Prince
started
,
saying
,
que
es
esto
quiere
me
matar
vuestra
Magestad
,
What
s
this
,
will
your
Majesty
murther
me
?
the
King
answerd
,
no
,
si
no
poner
orden
en
vuestra
vido
quietaos
,
no
,
but
to
take
order
for
the
preservation
of
your
life
,
be
quiet
;
so
he
took
his
Sword
which
was
by
his
beds-head
,
and
causd
a
steel
Cabinet
to
be
carried
away
,
telling
him
it
shold
be
returnd
him
again
,
after
som
papers
of
his
were
perusd
;
so
the
King
departed
leaving
a
guard
upon
him
:
There
was
a
huge
murmur
the
next
day
all
the
Court
over
,
that
the
Prince
shold
be
thus
made
a
Prisoner
,
being
the
greatest
heir
in
the
world
,
but
the
King
the
next
day
writ
to
all
his
Vice-roys
and
chief
Officers
,
that
they
shold
not
much
wonder
at
this
sudden
action
or
be
too
inquisitive
to
know
the
cause
of
it
,
or
trouble
themselves
to
intercede
for
the
Prince
,
let
it
suffize
for
them
to
know
that
it
tended
to
the
common
good
,
that
he
was
his
Father
,
and
knew
what
belongd
to
things
:
He
sent
also
to
all
the
Ambassadors
at
Court
,
not
to
intermeddle
,
or
trouble
themselvs
about
this
business
;
the
Prince
being
thus
restraind
,
and
his
humors
being
as
fiery
as
the
season
,
which
was
the
Dog-daies
,
he
drunk
much
water
coold
with
snow
out
of
an
artificiall
Fountain
he
had
,
which
with
som
other
excesses
and
disorders
made
him
fall
into
a
double
Tertian
,
he
afterwards
fell
a
vomiting
,
and
to
a
dysentery
proceeding
from
the
extream
cold
water
he
usd
to
drink
so
much
:
The
Kings
Physitians
did
carefully
attend
him
,
and
usd
what
Art
cold
do
;
but
the
Disease
provd
mortall
,
and
beyond
cure
;
hereupon
the
Councell
●at
to
advise
whether
it
was
fitting
for
the
King
to
go
visit
him
,
som
wer
of
opinion
that
the
Prince
was
well
disposd
to
dy
a
good
Catholic
,
and
the
sight
of
his
Father
might
happily
discompose
him
,
yet
the
King
went
in
and
gave
him
his
benediction
,
but
stayed
not
,
and
so
returnd
with
more
grief
and
less
care
:
A
little
after
the
Prince
expird
being
twenty
three
yeers
old
,
he
had
made
his
Will
before
,
which
he
deliverd
his
Secretary
,
wherin
he
desird
his
Father
to
forgive
him
,
and
to
give
him
his
blessing
,
to
pay
his
debts
and
give
his
movables
to
Churches
and
Hospitals
,
and
that
his
body
shold
be
buried
in
Toledo
,
which
was
performd
:
His
Funerall
was
prepard
the
same
day
he
dyed
,
for
at
seven
in
the
evening
the
Grandees
carried
his
body
out
to
the
Court-gate
,
wher
the
Nuncio
with
other
Ambassadors
and
a
great
concours
of
Noblemen
were
ready
to
attend
the
Herse
.
The
hard
destiny
and
death
of
this
great
young
Prince
with
the
extraordinary
circumstances
therof
may
teach
the
world
this
lesson
,
that
the
love
of
a
Father
must
give
place
to
the
office
of
a
King
,
and
that
jealousy
among
Princes
works
more
powerfully
then
naturall
affections
.
1.
This
was
one
of
the
four
Acts
for
which
King
Philip
made
himself
so
subject
to
be
censurd
abroad
in
the
world
,
for
papers
flew
in
many
places
that
h●
had
poysond
his
Son
.
2.
The
second
was
in
the
transaction
of
the
business
of
Aragon
,
where
he
was
taxd
to
have
falsifyed
his
own
manifesto
,
wherin
he
declard
that
the
Army
under
Don
Alonso
de
Vergas
was
intended
for
France
,
wheras
it
proovd
afterwards
to
have
bin
expresly
raysd
to
surprize
Saragosa
.
3.
The
third
was
the
business
of
Portugal
,
for
wheras
he
had
declard
that
he
was
willing
to
refer
the
right
of
Title
to
that
Crown
to
the
decision
of
the
Pope
,
he
invaded
and
conquerd
the
Country
before
the
Nuncio
cold
com
to
the
Spanish
Court
,
though
he
knew
he
was
upon
his
way
and
already
landed
in
Spain
to
that
purpose
;
but
he
sent
speciall
Commission
to
the
Towns
through
which
he
was
to
pass
,
that
they
should
entertain
and
regalar
him
som
dayes
,
while
in
the
interim
he
did
his
business
in
Portugal
.
4.
The
fourth
was
the
conniving
at
the
Murther
of
Escovedo
Secretary
to
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
which
was
perpetrated
with
his
privity
,
as
Antonio
Perez
confessd
upon
the
Rack
,
which
made
this
Character
to
be
given
of
him
,
that
there
was
but
a
little
distance
betwixt
Don
Philips
risa
y
el
cuchillo
between
his
smile
and
the
Scaffold
,
his
prudence
somtimes
turning
to
excess
of
severity
.
But
as
the
hearts
of
Kings
are
inscrutable
,
so
their
waies
shold
be
,
their
actions
somtimes
must
be
attended
with
politicall
cunning
▪
and
extraordinary
power
to
crush
Cocatrices
in
the
shell
to
prevent
greater
inconveniences
,
as
God
Almighty
,
whose
immediat
Vicegerents
they
are
,
doth
use
sometimes
his
omnipotence
in
exceeding
the
Rules
and
common
course
of
nature
.
PHILIP
THE
THIRD
,
XXVIII
KING
OF
NAPLES
.
PHILIP
the
third
of
Austria
fift
Son
to
Philip
the
second
,
by
Donna
Anna
the
Emperors
Daughter
,
and
his
fourth
Wife
succeeded
his
Father
in
all
his
Dominions
,
both
in
the
new
and
old
World
;
He
was
born
the
14th
.
of
April
,
1578.
in
the
Palace
of
Madrid
,
and
was
Christned
upon
the
Feast
of
Philip
and
Iacob
,
the
first
of
whom
may
be
sayed
to
be
his
God-father
,
six
yeers
after
he
was
created
Prince
of
Castile
in
the
Monastery
of
Saint
Ieronimo
;
the
next
yeer
after
he
was
created
Prince
of
Aragon
in
Monson
,
the
next
yeer
after
he
was
created
Prince
of
Navarr
,
in
the
Cathedrall
Church
of
Pampelona
,
and
lastly
Prince
of
Portugal
,
which
made
him
to
have
this
priviledg
above
all
his
Predecessors
,
to
be
the
first
who
was
Prince
of
all
Spain
,
in
regard
Lusitania
had
not
bin
before
under
the
Crown
of
Castile
till
the
Raign
of
Philip
his
Father
;
he
was
a
weakly
sick
Child
for
many
yeers
at
first
,
yet
he
survivd
his
four
brothers
;
(
viz.
Don
Carlos
,
Don
Fernando
,
Don
Carlos
Lorenzo
,
and
Don
Diego
)
so
easily
is
humane
judgment
deceivd
.
The
first
thing
he
did
was
the
sending
of
a
new
Vice-roy
to
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
then
,
after
that
long
destructive
War
in
the
Nether-lands
which
had
so
ragd
in
his
Fathers
time
,
he
made
a
Truce
with
the
Hollanders
,
but
in
these
ambiguous
words
son
contento
de
tratar
con
vos
otros
como
con
Estados
libres
,
I
am
contented
to
treat
with
you
as
with
free
States
,
wherby
according
to
the
Spanish
exposition
of
those
words
,
he
intimated
they
were
no
free
States
,
by
vertu
of
this
word
As
,
for
it
is
a
rule
in
Logic
,
that
Nullum
simile
est
Idem
.
No
thing
that
is
like
a
thing
is
the
same
thing
;
therfore
if
he
treated
with
them
as
with
free
States
,
they
were
no
free
States
:
This
Truce
afforded
much
matter
of
discourse
for
the
Criticks
of
those
times
.
He
did
this
by
the
advice
principally
of
the
Marquess
of
Denia
afterwards
Duke
of
Lermanhom
whom
he
took
for
his
Privado
or
his
Favorit
,
to
whom
he
transmitted
the
guidance
of
all
great
affairs
being
conscious
of
som
imbecillities
of
his
own
,
wherin
he
discoverd
a
great
point
of
wisdom
,
whose
chiefest
part
is
for
one
to
know
his
own
infirmities
and
incapacities
.
But
I
should
have
spoken
first
of
the
peace
he
had
made
with
England
,
which
preceded
this
,
and
was
the
first
great
action
he
did
,
when
he
began
to
sit
at
the
Healm
of
that
mighty
Vessell
;
I
mean
the
Spanish
Monarchy
,
which
in
his
Fathers
time
had
b●n
tossd
and
weather-beaten
by
so
many
impetuous
and
fierce
Tempests
:
to
conclude
this
peace
,
he
imployed
the
chiefest
Officer
of
Spain
,
the
Constable
of
Castile
in
a
very
high
and
magnificent
equipage
,
in
correspondence
wherof
England
sent
her
high
Admirall
;
herein
he
followd
the
counsell
of
Charls
the
fift
his
Grand-father
,
who
had
this
saying
often
in
his
mouth
,
Con
todo
el
mundo
guerra
,
y
puz
con
Ingalat
jerra
,
With
all
the
World
have
War
,
But
with
England
do
not
jar
.
Before
this
Embassy
to
England
the
common
people
of
Spain
were
made
to
believe
by
their
preaching
Jesuits
,
that
english-men
since
they
receded
from
the
Roman
Church
were
strangly
transformd
,
som
had
f●ces
like
Hogs
,
som
like
Dogs
,
som
like
Munkies
,
but
the
Constable
at
his
return
did
rectifie
his
Country-men
in
this
point
.
Philip
being
now
in
peace
with
all
Christian
Princes
,
and
being
addicted
to
devotion
in
a
high
degree
,
he
thought
it
a
work
acceptable
to
God
Almighty
,
and
agreeable
to
the
office
of
a
Catholi●
King
to
cleer
Spain
of
the
Mahumetan
Moriscos
who
had
planted
themselves
●her
above
seven
hundred
yeers
:
He
put
the
business
to
many
serious
deliberations
,
the
result
wherof
at
last
was
,
that
it
wold
be
a
high
act
of
Christian
Piety
,
and
gratefull
to
Heaven
,
so
there
was
a
royall
Ban
of
banishment
publisht
against
the
Moriscos
who
were
dispersd
up
&
down
specially
in
the
Maritime
parts
of
Spain
,
which
border
upon
the
Mediterranean
Sea
in
great
multitudes
,
to
the
number
of
many
hundred
thousand
souls
,
who
were
all
hurried
over
to
Barbary
,
but
permitted
to
carry
with
them
all
their
movables
,
and
make
sale
of
their
other
goods
,
the
King
providing
Ships
,
and
paying
for
their
transfretation
;
the
motive
that
inducd
Philip
to
this
Act
was
,
that
he
thought
it
a
thing
unpleasing
to
God
,
that
so
many
Infidels
and
Mahumetans
shold
mingle
so
thick
with
Christians
,
that
many
thousands
had
bin
bapti●d
,
but
they
apostatizd
and
grew
greater
enemies
to
Chrsts
then
before
,
that
there
were
sundry
plots
and
machinations
discoverd
,
as
also
the
intelligence
they
kept
with
the
Turk
the
common
enemy
of
Spain
.
The
first
advice
whereof
was
given
by
the
English
Ambassador
the
Earl
of
Notingham
,
who
brought
Letters
with
him
that
had
bin
sent
King
Iames
,
how
the
sayed
Moriscos
had
a
secret
design
to
introduce
the
great
Turk
,
and
so
to
joyn
with
him
for
the
conquering
of
Spain
,
as
the
Conde
Don
Iulian
did
with
the
Moors
.
Henry
the
fourth
of
France
sent
him
also
intelligence
tending
to
that
end
.
So
in
a
short
time
the
Country
was
rid
of
them
,
as
it
was
formerly
of
the
Jewes
,
in
the
time
of
Ferdinand
and
Isabella
;
But
there
were
som
incommodities
followd
,
for
Spain
was
much
depopulated
and
impoverisht
hereby
,
specially
for
Corn
and
other
Vegetals
,
for
those
Moriscos
were
an
industrious
people
,
&
wold
grub
up
Corn
and
Pulse
with
other
things
,
out
of
the
tops
of
those
craggy
Hills
wherwith
Spain
is
bunchd
in
most
places
,
so
that
the
Spaniard
who
naturally
is
slothfull
unless
it
be
in
the
Wars
(
as
the
Turks
are
)
had
nothing
to
do
,
but
having
put
on
his
Sword
and
swelling
ruff
,
but
go
with
his
Ass
to
the
Market
,
and
buy
corn
of
the
Moriscos
,
who
usually
fed
upon
bread
made
of
Maiz
,
or
some
other
Pulse
,
so
that
the
Spaniards
for
the
most
part
did
eat
by
the
sweat
of
other
mens
brows
.
Philip
the
third
having
as
formerly
it
was
spoken
,
concluded
a
peace
with
England
,
and
a
Truce
with
the
Dutch
,
passd
most
part
of
his
Raign
in
quietness
,
which
suted
best
with
his
disposition
,
he
being
a
Prince
wholly
devoted
to
exercises
of
piety
,
being
alwaies
fingring
his
Beads
;
He
sympathizd
in
nature
much
with
Edward
the
sixth
of
England
,
but
was
not
so
infortunat
as
he
,
for
he
preservd
what
his
Father
left
him
,
wheras
the
other
lost
France
where
he
had
bin
Crownd
King
in
his
Cradle
.
And
this
happiness
of
Philip
may
be
imputed
to
the
sage
conduct
of
the
Duke
of
Lerma
,
who
was
a
sound
and
well-weighd
Minister
of
State
,
of
a
Debonnair
and
affable
deportment
quite
contrary
to
the
genius
of
his
Successor
Olivares
who
was
of
a
rough
rigid
humor
.
Philip
the
third
after
he
had
reignd
23.
yeers
died
,
as
he
lived
in
a
sweet
peaceable
way
,
and
he
was
called
Philip
el
Bueno
,
Philip
the
good
,
as
his
Father
was
calld
Philip
the
prudent
.
Philip
the
third
to
pay
his
Fathers
Creditors
,
and
disburden
the
Crown
of
those
vast
Arrears
wherwith
it
was
most
heavily
laden
,
in
regard
of
so
many
Irons
he
had
to
beat
all
his
life-time
,
was
forcd
to
inhance
the
Gabels
,
and
lay
new
impositions
,
as
in
other
places
so
specially
in
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
:
Now
those
who
cut
out
Philip
the
second
most
work
to
do
,
were
Henry
the
fourth
of
France
,
and
Elizabeth
Queen
of
England
,
the
one
was
sayed
to
play
the
Barber
and
shave
him
,
which
Harry
did
so
nimbly
and
dextrously
as
if
he
had
bin
born
to
the
Trade
,
and
old
Bess
held
the
Bason
while
he
washd
Philips
head
and
face
,
but
it
was
given
out
that
he
did
this
without
Camphire
Ball
,
or
any
Soap
at
all
,
but
with
stale
Ly
and
strong
standing
Urine
.
There
was
about
that
time
a
witty
Italian
Author
,
whose
fancies
are
fresh
to
this
day
,
who
being
no
friend
to
the
Spaniard
,
writ
many
things
by
way
of
drollery
against
his
mode
of
Government
in
Sicilie
,
Milan
and
Naples
,
specially
in
the
last
;
And
as
he
descants
upon
the
Servitude
which
that
wavering
and
wanton
people
were
reducd
unto
,
for
their
so
frequent
Sollevations
and
Revolts
,
he
sayeth
,
that
to
punish
with
som
severity
the
Napolitans
for
thier
infidelity
and
murmurings
against
their
former
Kings
,
it
pleasd
the
Majesty
of
the
heavenly
Judg
to
deliver
them
into
the
hands
of
Pharo
to
receive
law
from
him
,
meaning
the
Spaniard
,
who
having
felt
the
pulse
of
that
luxurious
people
,
by
his
interior
Cabinet
councell
,
was
advisd
that
there
was
no
better
way
to
preserve
Naples
in
a
constancy
of
obedience
,
then
to
bring
down
the
flesh
,
and
tame
that
hot
metteld
,
and
spirited
Horse
or
Courser
which
she
gave
for
her
Ensign
:
therupon
there
were
appointed
Riders
,
Grooms
,
Smiths
,
and
others
to
look
to
him
,
and
break
him
,
they
found
that
he
was
so
wanton
that
he
wold
hardly
receive
Bit
,
Bridle
,
or
Saddle
,
that
he
was
of
a
mighty
strength
,
therfore
it
was
fitting
so
pamperd
an
Animal
shold
be
brought
low
and
mortified
:
Somthing
was
don
in
Charles
the
fift's
time
to
this
purpose
,
but
his
Son
Philip
did
finish
the
work
,
who
had
almost
rid
him
quite
of
his
legs
;
insomuch
that
at
the
beginning
of
Philip
the
thirds
Raign
,
there
was
a
speciall
●unta
appointed
to
meet
in
the
Piazza
at
Naples
to
take
a
view
in
what
case
he
stood
;
The
poor
Beast
was
brought
forth
,
and
he
was
grown
so
feeble
that
his
legs
could
hardly
serve
him
to
be
softly
led
into
the
Market-place
:
It
was
a
most
pittifull
object
to
see
how
that
generous
Courser
who
had
once
so
much
spirit
and
strength
as
to
carry
two
Kings
at
once
,
shold
becom
now
so
weak
and
meagre
that
he
could
not
bear
a
Pigmey
,
one
might
now
tell
his
ribs
,
his
back
also
was
miserably
gald
by
carrying
of
Panniars
,
and
withall
he
was
found
full
of
bunches
,
his
feet
foundred
and
one
of
his
nostrils
slit
,
yet
those
who
had
the
chief
care
of
him
,
kept
locks
on
his
feet
,
and
a
strong
halter
about
his
neck
and
face
,
with
dark
Spectacles
on
his
eyes
;
now
there
was
exquisit
search
made
in
the
Junta
how
he
was
grown
so
poor
,
answer
was
made
,
that
though
he
be
low
in
flesh
,
yet
he
is
as
high
in
spirit
as
ever
he
was
,
and
was
ever
and
anon
ready
to
kick
and
winch
,
therfore
it
was
fitting
that
the
allowance
of
Provander
which
he
hath
now
shold
be
rather
diminisht
then
mended
;
Therfore
the
grave
members
of
the
Junta
appointed
that
the
Rack
shold
be
raisd
a
span
higher
,
and
that
the
third
part
of
his
Provender
shold
be
taken
off
.
When
this
hapned
,
their
chancd
to
be
present
in
the
Piazza
,
som
learned
men
and
Philosophers
,
who
resenting
much
,
and
taking
to
heart
that
wofull
Spectacle
,
out
of
pure
pitty
askt
the
Junta
how
they
could
find
in
common
compassion
,
which
obliges
every
one
to
be
good
to
his
beast
,
to
diminish
the
Nutriment
of
that
poor
Animal
,
who
was
so
wasted
and
worn
away
,
that
there
scarce
remained
any
thing
of
him
but
flesh
and
bone
;
The
oldest
man
of
the
Junta
gave
a
short
answer
to
the
sayed
Philosophers
,
telling
them
that
they
shold
do
better
to
attend
their
own
calling
,
to
dispute
of
Entities
and
Quiddities
,
then
to
intermeddle
with
politicall
matters
,
wherin
they
seemd
to
be
such
Simpletons
:
For
in
case
that
Caprichious
beast
were
usd
better
,
he
wold
quickly
repay
their
mildness
with
biting
&
kicks
,
as
he
had
most
ingratefully
usd
som
of
his
former
Riders
who
were
so
open
handed
unto
him
,
divers
of
whom
he
had
thrown
of
into
ditches
,
by
his
excess
of
mettle
,
and
if
one
shold
mend
his
commons
that
instable
Animal
wold
foam
at
the
mouth
as
much
as
ever
,
and
raise
tumults
and
seditions
against
his
benefactors
and
keepers
:
Therfore
whosoever
will
enter
into
an
exact
and
judicious
ponderation
of
things
and
of
the
tru
Mode
wherby
that
flouncing
Animal
shold
be
kept
,
he
must
not
look
upon
the
meagernes
of
his
belly
,
or
buttocks
,
but
upon
the
mischievous
quality
of
his
genius
,
who
is
still
as
caprichious
a
lover
of
novelty
as
ever
he
was
:
Therfore
wo
be
to
the
Catholic
King
if
that
ferocious
Napolitan
Horse
shold
have
strength
and
opportunity
to
put
in
execution
what
he
doth
incessantly
cast
and
chymerize
in
his
own
brain
against
the
present
government
;
Therfore
if
any
thing
be
to
be
complaind
of
it
proceeds
from
the
ill
nature
of
the
beast
,
rather
then
the
severity
of
the
Spaniards
;
nor
can
any
deny
but
it
is
a
high
point
of
wisdom
,
&
no
less
of
charity
with
well
weighd
councels
and
prudent
artifices
to
take
of
by
way
of
prevention
the
means
of
doing
ill
from
him
who
alwaies
intends
mischief
,
and
is
not
capable
to
judg
when
one
doth
use
him
well
and
do
him
courtesies
,
insomuch
that
there
is
no
medicament
can
cure
the
chanchrous
humours
of
the
Napolitan
,
then
by
applying
therunto
som
corrosives
of
the
Spanish
severity
.
The
same
Author
proceeds
further
▪
and
fains
that
Almansor
King
of
Granada
,
meeting
casually
with
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
they
joyntly
condole
their
calamitous
condition
of
servitude
causd
by
the
tyranny
of
the
Spaniards
,
as
they
walkd
and
mingld
speech
a
good
while
together
,
Almansor
observd
the
fashion
of
that
Chain
which
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
carried
on
his
legs
,
because
it
lookd
like
a
Morisco
Manufacture
,
and
surely
he
had
seen
and
handled
that
Chain
before
,
so
looking
neer
upon
it
,
he
struck
his
breast
in
a
kind
of
astonishment
,
saying
that
he
was
well
aquainted
with
that
Chain
,
for
it
was
the
very
same
wherwith
he
and
his
Antecessors
the
Morisco
Kings
had
kept
most
of
the
Kingdoms
of
Spain
the
space
of
seven
hundred
yeers
and
upwards
in
obedience
and
servility
,
therfore
he
earnestly
desired
to
know
how
,
by
whom
,
and
when
Naples
had
got
on
that
Chain
.
The
Kingdom
of
Naples
answered
,
a
most
excellent
memory
hast
thou
King
Almansor
,
for
this
unhappy
Chain
which
I
carry
was
brought
first
from
Spain
by
Gonsaluo
de
Cordova
calld
the
great
Captain
,
therfore
it
is
very
likely
that
it
is
the
same
you
speak
of
;
and
now
it
is
above
an
age
passd
,
I
mean
a
Century
of
sad
Winters
that
I
am
fallen
into
such
a
deplorable
kind
of
slavery
,
wherof
I
know
not
whether
I
shall
ever
rid
my self
,
because
I
find
that
the
Spaniard
is
mounted
to
such
a
height
of
power
that
it
hath
made
me
loose
all
hopes
I
should
have
in
the
arme
of
man
for
recovery
of
my
lost
liberty
,
it
is
the
only
omnipotent
hand
of
God
can
do
it
,
by
doing
such
another
miracle
as
he
did
in
the
Red
Sea
.
Almansor
replyed
,
the
calculation
falls
pat
you
speak
of
,
for
it
was
about
the
very
same
time
that
the
Spaniard
shook
off
the
Chain
wherwith
you
go
now
bound
;
but
let
it
not
be
uncouth
unto
thee
most
noble
Naples
,
to
relate
how
it
was
possible
that
the
Spaniard
shold
impatronize
himself
so
easily
of
a
Kingdom
so
far
distant
from
him
by
Sea
and
Land
:
Naples
rejoynd
,
It
was
by
fraud
that
the
Spaniard
introducd
himself
to
Italy
,
for
by
pure
force
he
could
never
have
made
such
acquests
so
far
beyond
the
proportion
of
their
strength
;
therefore
listen
well
to
me
,
and
you
will
be
astonisht
of
the
large
conscience
which
one
King
of
Spain
carried
about
him
,
though
he
made
himself
appear
to
the
world
like
another
Saint
Macarius-painted
upon
som
wall
.
Alphonso
my
King
to
draw
on
his
last
,
and
my
principall
ruine
,
gave
Isabel
his
Neece
(
for
I
will
take
the
rise
of
my
Relation
from
this
unlucky
Marriage
)
to
Iohn
Galeazzo
Duke
of
Milan
in
marriage
;
In
regard
of
the
stupidity
of
Iohn
Lodwick
Sforza
occupied
the
state
of
his
Nephew
,
King
Alfonso
as
nature
obligd
him
thought
to
prevent
that
usurpation
,
Lodwick
knowing
well
that
he
could
not
com
to
the
end
of
his
aimes
without
the
destruction
of
my
Kings
,
took
a
precipitat
resolution
to
call
in
the
French
for
the
Conquest
of
me
,
an
action
which
afterwards
prov'd
so
funestous
to
all
Italy
:
My
Kings
therupon
to
counterbalance
France
,
had
recourse
to
that
holy
Soul
Ferdinand
King
of
Aragon
their
Cosen
,
who
shewd
himself
so
loving
a
Kinsman
,
and
faithfull
Confederat
,
that
in
lieu
of
chasing
away
the
French
he
parted
stakes
with
them
,
and
divided
me
amongst
them
,
but
afterwards
they
fell
out
like
Dogs
about
a
bone
,
and
Ferdinand
made
the
French
find
their
way
again
ore
the
Alps
to
repass
shamefully
to
their
Country
;
so
Ferdinand
made
himself
my
absolute
Soveraign
,
and
without
any
scruple
of
conscience
▪
and
for
my
kind
invitation
he
was
the
first
who
gave
me
this
Chain
you
see
,
which
as
you
say
is
of
the
Manufacture
of
Barbary
:
And
this
the
holy
Ferdinand
did
so
a
little
after
that
he
had
receivd
the
Title
of
Catholic
King
from
the
Apostolicall
See
;
nor
do
I
think
King
Almansor
that
you
ever
heard
or
read
of
an
Act
of
more
infidelity
and
ingratitude
,
by
Saracen
,
Infidel
,
or
Pagan
.
Almansor
went
on
,
and
sayed
,
truly
I
have
conversd
with
divers
Chronicles
,
wherin
I
have
met
with
many
odd
foul
traverses
of
State
done
by
ambitious
Princes
in
hope
to
raigne
,
But
touching
this
Act
of
Ferdinand
,
I
do
not
remember
to
have
read
any
that
can
parallell
it
.
Naples
sayed
again
,
but
O
King
Almansor
if
your
Nation
kept
fast
Spain
so
many
yeers
in
that
Chain
,
what
way
did
they
use
to
shake
it
off
?
Almansor
sayed
,
that
cursed
Union
which
was
made
twixt
Castile
and
Aragon
by
the
nuptials
of
Ferdinand
and
Isabella
,
was
the
cause
of
my
ruine
,
and
of
my
Successors
after
me
,
as
also
of
the
servitude
wherof
you
complain
,
a
most
fatall
union
,
which
all
the
Potentates
of
Europe
,
specially
of
Italy
,
have
as
much
cause
to
curse
to
this
day
,
as
I
have
;
for
the
jealousies
twixt
the
Castilians
and
Aragonians
securd
alwaies
my
Kingdom
of
Granada
:
Add
hereunto
that
the
countenance
and
succours
which
the
Popes
gave
to
Ferdinand
did
accelerat
the
work
.
Hold
there
,
King
Almansor
,
sayed
Naples
,
for
since
you
were
cast
out
of
Spain
,
the
Popes
have
sufferd
more
by
the
ambitious
designes
of
the
Catholick
Kings
then
they
did
before
;
for
nothing
could
be
so
disadvantagious
to
Rome
,
as
to
have
so
potent
a
Prince
so
neer
a
Neighbour
unto
her
,
witness
that
Siege
and
lamentable
sack
which
she
sufferd
so
soon
after
my
servitude
by
the
Spaniard
Bourbon
being
his
General
,
wherby
he
hansomly
payed
her
for
that
assistance
she
gave
him
for
the
Conquest
of
Granada
;
since
which
time
the
ambition
of
Spain
hath
bin
felt
in
Italy
,
and
in
other
places
so
that
it
had
bin
more
for
the
tranquility
of
Europe
that
the
Moors
had
still
continued
in
Spain
.
Add
hereunto
that
these
new
additions
of
power
to
Spain
have
tended
much
to
the
disorders
ever
since
that
have
hapned
unto
you
in
matters
of
Religion
;
The
jealousies
that
Germany
had
of
the
growing
greatness
of
Charles
the
fift
,
were
the
cause
that
many
Princes
revol●ed
from
him
and
Rome
;
but
since
the
Spaniards
have
taken
such
firm
footing
in
Italy
,
the
main
reach
of
their
policy
is
to
joyn
me
and
Milan
in
one
entire
peece
,
by
subduing
all
the
interiacent
Territories
,
which
if
it
happen
,
farewell
the
freedom
of
all
Italy
as
well
as
mine
.
But
sayd
Almansor
,
how
are
the
Milaneses
usd
your
Conterranean
fellow
Subjects
?
Naples
answerd
,
that
they
of
Milan
were
washd
only
with
dashes
of
Rain
water
,
but
a
whole
deluge
hath
over-whelmd
me
:
Moreover
the
disposition
of
the
Lombard
differs
from
mine
,
for
the
Noble-men
and
Gentry
there
are
more
free
and
resolute
,
and
more
far
from
vice
,
they
are
better
Patriots
and
carefull
of
their
Countries
liberty
,
insomuch
that
I
dare
say
,
if
there
were
but
one
tru
Cremona
brain
among
my
Napolitan
Barons
it
wold
be
enough
to
dash
that
forcd
Donative
which
is
exacted
of
me
ever
and
anon
,
which
brings
me
often
to
feed
upon
bread
and
Onyons
:
Add
hereunto
that
the
confines
of
the
Grisons
,
of
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
and
the
Venetian
who
are
all
jealous
of
the
King
of
Spains
growing
power
makes
him
proceed
with
more
discretion
and
caution
in
his
Territories
in
Lombardy
.
This
dialog
twixt
Naples
and
Almansor
being
ended
,
the
same
Author
faignes
all
the
States
of
Europe
to
be
summond
before
the
oracle
at
Delphos
to
be
weighd
in
a
great
balance
held
by
Lorenzo
de
Medici
,
where
the
Monarchy
of
Spaine
making
her
apparance
in
a
high
majestic
garb
,
among
other
passages
,
there
was
a
Book
presented
unto
her
by
one
of
the
Witts
,
the
substance
wherof
was
to
discover
a
way
for
Spain
to
reduce
to
her
ancient
splendor
and
freedom
the
most
noble
Parthenope
,
and
the
once
most
florishing
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
wheras
by
plundrings
of
the
Soldiers
,
the
corruption
of
the
Iudges
,
the
fleecing
of
the
Barons
,
the
rapacity
of
the
Viceroys
,
who
are
sent
thither
as
Hoggs
to
a
sty
only
to
fatten
,
the
former
lustre
of
that
delicate
Countrey
is
quite
decayd
.
The
Author
receavd
twenty
Crowns
of
the
Spanish
Monarchy
for
a
guerdon
for
this
Book
,
promising
that
she
wold
deliver
that
discours
and
avisos
to
her
Confessor
to
consider
of
:
Another
pure
Polititian
presented
Her
with
a
Treaty
clean
contrary
,
shewing
her
a
way
how
the
Napolitan
Courser
might
be
brought
to
bear
a
Pack-Saddle
of
a
heavier
burden
,
and
to
be
made
so
docil
,
that
he
might
be
fitt
to
draw
her
Coach
upon
ocasion
:
To
the
Author
of
this
discours
the
Monarchy
gave
12000
Crowns
,
and
a
little
after
he
was
Grandee
of
Spain
.
At
this
great
Assembly
in
Delphos
ther
was
a
Contrasto
happend
twixt
Rome
and
Naples
,
who
shold
have
the
precedency
;
it
was
decided
,
that
for
the
Majesty
of
a
Citty
,
Naples
must
eternally
vayle
to
Rome
,
and
Rome
to
Naples
,
for
a
delicat
situation
;
that
Rome
must
confesse
there
are
more
people
in
Naples
,
but
that
Naples
must
acknowledg
ther
are
more
men
in
Rome
:
Moreover
it
was
necessary
that
the
Witts
and
Wines
of
Naples
shold
be
transported
to
Rome
to
receave
perfection
;
it
was
also
decreed
that
Naples
had
more
skill
to
break
Colts
,
and
Rome
to
tame
Men
;
It
was
confessd
further
that
ther
were
more
Cavaliers
in
Naples
,
and
more
C●mendums
in
Rome
:
That
among
the
Romans
they
were
only
calld
Knights
who
carried
a
red
Crosse
upon
their
Garments
,
but
in
Naples
all
men
indif●erently
might
be
calld
Knights
,
because
the
Spaniard
made
them
carry
Crosses
upon
their
very
skins
.
Thus
this
ingenious
Italian
doth
descant
upon
the
comportment
of
the
Spaniard
in
Italy
,
and
his
Book
kept
a
great
noise
in
the
World
,
but
the
Spaniard
owing
him
a
revenge
,
and
after
a
strict
and
long
inquisition
,
not
lighting
upon
him
in
any
of
his
own
Dominions
,
there
were
two
Valentones
,
two
Banditi
,
two
Hirelings
for
bloud
,
found
him
out
in
Verona
,
and
watching
their
oportunity
,
they
went
to
his
Lodging
,
under
colour
of
a
visit
,
and
every
one
of
them
having
a
bagg
of
Sand
in
his
pockett
,
they
so
crushd
his
bones
,
that
they
rattled
within
his
skin
,
and
having
so
dispatchd
poor
Boccolini
out
of
this
World
,
they
fledd
,
having
stoned
him
to
death
with
Sand.
PHILIP
The
Fourth
of
AVSTRIA
,
xxix
.
King
OF
NAPLES
.
PHILIP
the
third
left
behind
three
Sons
and
two
Daughters
:
the
Sons
were
Philip
(
who
succeeded
him
in
all
his
Dominions
)
with
Charles
and
Ferdinand
,
who
was
Cardinal
and
Arch-bishop
of
Toledo
;
they
both
dyed
young
in
the
Meridian
of
their
yeers
,
one
in
Spain
,
the
other
being
Governour
of
Flanders
;
The
two
Daughters
were
Anna
of
Austria
,
and
the
Infanta
Donna
Maria
;
the
first
was
married
to
Lewis
the
thirteenth
King
of
France
yet
living
,
the
other
to
the
Emperor
Ferdinand
now
Raigning
;
King
Philip
was
but
young
when
he
took
the
Reins
of
the
Government
,
being
but
sixteen
yeers
of
age
:
There
was
a
Treaty
commen●d
a
little
after
for
a
cross
mariage
twixt
Spain
and
France
,
which
took
●ffect
though
there
was
much
opposition
in
France
about
it
made
by
them
of
the
Religion
and
their
party
;
The
Ceremonies
of
these
reciprocall
Nuptials
were
performd
the
one
at
Burgos
in
Spain
,
the
other
at
Bourdeaux
in
France
.
In
the
first
the
Duke
of
Lerma
married
the
Infanta
by
commission
from
King
Lewis
▪
In
the
second
the
Duke
of
Guyse
married
Isabel
Daughter
of
France
by
proxy
from
King
Philip
;
the
exchange
of
the
two
Princesses
was
made
upon
a
River
calld
Bidasso
hard
by
Saint
Iohn
de
Luz
which
separates
the
two
Nations
:
There
were
two
stately
Barges
provided
to
transport
them
,
with
divers
sorts
of
inventions
of
wit
:
the
Spaniards
on
their
side
had
a
huge
vast
Globe
,
representing
the
world
raisd
upon
a
Pavilion
very
high
,
which
made
an
ostentous
shew
;
the
Duke
of
Guyse
took
exception
at
it
,
protesting
that
he
wold
never
bring
ore
the
Princess
till
the
sayd
Globe
was
taken
down
,
which
was
done
accordingly
;
the
next
day
the
young
Queen
came
to
Bayon
,
where
Luynes
then
Favorit
to
the
French
King
attended
her
with
a
Letter
all
written
with
the
Kings
own
hand
,
in
these
words
.
Madam
,
SInce
I
cannot
,
according
to
my
desire
find
my self
neer
you
at
your
entrance
into
my
Kingdom
,
to
put
you
in
possession
of
the
power
I
have
,
as
also
of
my
entire
affection
to
love
and
serve
you
;
I
send
towards
you
Luynes
one
of
my
confidentst
Servants
to
salute
you
in
my
name
,
and
tell
you
that
you
are
expected
by
me
with
much
impatience
to
offer
unto
you
my self
,
I
pray
therfore
receive
him
favourably
,
and
believe
what
he
shall
tell
you
:
Madam
from
your
most
deer
Friend
and
Servant
,
LEWIS
.
Luynes
delivered
her
also
from
the
King
two
rich
Standerds
of
Diamonds
▪
which
she
receivd
and
kissd
,
and
from
her
own
Table
she
sent
him
a
dish
of
meat
▪
In
the
morning
she
returnd
the
King
this
answer
.
Sir
,
I
much
rejoyced
at
the
good
news
Luynes
brought
me
of
your
Majesties
health
,
I
com
therwith
,
being
most
desirous
to
arrive
where
I
may
serve
my
Mother
,
and
so
I
am
making
hast
to
that
purpose
,
and
to
kiss
your
Majesties
hands
,
whom
God
preserve
.
ANNE
.
THe
Kingdom
of
Naples
to
congratulat
the
Kings
Espousals
,
presented
him
that
yeer
with
a
Donative
of
two
millions
.
Not
long
after
there
was
a
Treaty
set
on
foot
for
a
mariage
twixt
the
Prince
of
Wales
,
and
the
Infanta
Donna
Maria
the
Kings
second
Sister
,
but
there
had
bin
an
ouverture
made
before
by
the
Duke
of
Lerma
,
for
a
match
twixt
our
Prince
Henry
of
England
and
the
eldest
Infanta
Anne
now
Queen
of
France
,
as
hath
bin
spoken
.
This
Treaty
with
England
was
above
ten
yeers
in
agitation
,
it
was
a
Web
that
lay
long
upon
the
Loom
of
Policy
,
and
afterwards
was
torn
off
being
just
wrought
to
the
point
of
perfection
:
By
the
endeavours
of
Count
Gondomar
in
England
,
and
the
Earl
of
Bristol
in
Spain
,
matters
were
brought
to
such
a
hopefull
pass
,
that
it
inducd
the
Prince
of
Wales
to
undertake
that
hazardous
youthfull
journey
to
Spain
,
traversing
the
whole
Diameter
of
France
under
a
disguise
,
being
accompanied
with
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
who
was
not
only
his
Companion
but
had
bin
his
chiefest
Counsellor
herein
;
they
came
both
in
an
advantagious
time
to
Paris
,
for
they
were
admitted
to
see
a
Mask
,
being
Carnival
time
,
wher
the
Prince
had
a
full
view
of
the
Lady
Henri●tta
Maria
,
who
was
designd
by
Heaven
to
be
his
wife
afterwards
,
though
he
little
dreamt
of
such
a
thing
then
;
Thence
by
the
name
of
Iac
and
Tom
:
Smith
:
they
posted
to
Spain
,
but
two
daies
after
t
was
discoverd
in
the
French
Court
what
they
were
,
therefore
being
sent
after
withall
possible
speed
,
if
they
had
stayed
but
three
hours
longer
at
Bayon
Monsieur
Gramond
had
had
order
to
stay
them
.
Being
arrivd
at
the
Earl
of
Bristols
House
in
the
Court
of
Spain
at
the
close
of
the
day
,
in
the
evening
he
was
struck
with
amazement
to
see
such
objects
there
,
having
no
fore-knowledg
at
all
of
the
Plot
,
saying
,
I
am
afraid
we
are
all
undone
;
The
next
day
there
was
a
buz
abroad
that
som
great
man
was
com
from
England
,
but
none
imagind
he
could
be
the
Prince
:
In
the
evening
of
the
next
day
,
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
went
in
a
close
Coach
to
the
King
of
Spain
,
where
he
had
privat
audience
,
and
he
was
returnd
no
sooner
but
Olivares
was
sent
to
visit
the
Prince
,
which
was
done
with
extraordinary
expressions
of
joy
and
complement
,
Oliuares
saying
,
that
Spain
and
England
wold
divide
the
World
betwixt
them
;
The
next
day
,
somwhat
late
at
night
the
King
himself
came
in
a
close
Coach
to
visit
him
,
but
the
Prince
having
notice
of
it
met
him
half
way
,
so
they
greeted
one
another
with
mutuall
embraces
,
there
were
divers
great
Lords
appointed
to
be
the
Prince
his
Officers
and
a
part
of
the
royall
Pallace
was
preparing
for
his
Quarter
,
whither
the
next
Sunday
he
removd
and
rod
in
triumph
,
under
a
large
Canopy
of
State
,
the
King
accompanying
him
all
the
way
,
and
giving
him
still
the
upper-hand
,
all
the
Grandees
,
Noblemen
,
and
Officers
attended
them
in
the
same
manner
as
they
usd
to
do
at
a
Coronati●n
:
Now
it
seems
that
Gondamar
was
the
chief
man
who
tracd
this
journey
,
for
the
next
day
after
the
Prince
his
arrivall
he
was
made
Privy
Counsellor
,
and
suddenly
after
coming
to
visit
the
Prince
,
he
told
him
,
that
he
was
com
to
tell
him
strange
news
,
which
was
,
that
an
English
man
was
sworn
that
morning
Privy
Counsellor
in
Spain
,
meaning
himself
in
point
of
affection
:
The
third
day
after
the
Prince
had
bin
there
,
the
King
of
Spain
with
the
Queen
and
the
Infanta
,
who
wore
a
blew
Ribon
about
her
left
arme
,
that
she
might
be
distinguisht
,
came
abroad
in
an
open
stately
way
,
of
purpose
that
the
Prince
might
see
his
Mistress
,
which
he
did
out
of
a
close
Coach
▪
wherein
Count
Gondamar
attended
him
,
with
the
English
Ambassadors
.
So
much
for
matter
of
Ceremony
;
now
touching
the
substance
of
the
business
it self
,
when
the
Prince
came
thither
,
matters
had
bin
brought
to
that
perfection
by
the
activity
of
Ambassadors
,
that
there
wanted
nothing
for
the
consummating
of
all
things
but
the
Popes
dispensation
,
which
upon
news
that
the
Prince
was
com
to
Spain
,
was
retarded
,
and
som
advantages
taken
to
clog
it
with
further
clauses
;
The
Pope
demanded
caution
for
performance
of
such
Articles
that
were
granted
,
in
favor
of
the
Roman
Catholicks
in
England
upon
this
match
;
hereupon
Sir
Francis
Cotington
rid
Post
about
it
from
Madrid
,
Touching
that
point
King
Iames
answerd
,
that
he
wold
take
his
oath
upon
the
Evangelists
to
accomplish
the
said
Articles
,
and
his
Son
the
Prince
shold
do
the
like
;
His
privy
Counsellors
also
shold
firm
and
subscribe
the
sayed
Articles
,
and
this
was
all
the
security
King
Iames
cold
give
:
Now
wheras
the
Pope
demanded
that
som
Roman
Catholic
Prince
should
undertake
for
him
and
his
Son
in
point
of
performance
of
Articles
,
he
answerd
,
that
he
had
not
such
an
interest
in
any
such
Prince
,
so
matters
began
to
gather
ill
blood
,
and
were
allmost
quite
off
the
hinges
,
insomuch
that
there
was
a
dark
rumour
abroad
,
how
the
Prince
had
a
design
to
get
away
privatly
,
and
in
a
disguise
as
he
came
;
The
English-men
that
were
then
attending
the
Prince
,
wherof
there
were
a
good
number
that
were
dyeted
at
the
Kings
house
,
and
waited
upon
by
Spaniards
,
wold
often
times
break
out
into
bold
speeches
,
by
disdaining
the
Dyet
and
barrenness
of
Spain
,
and
jeering
their
processions
,
wherat
there
were
exceptions
taken
,
and
the
main
business
receivd
som
prejudice
by
their
indiscretions
:
Archey
the
Fool
,
being
then
in
Madrid
,
was
admi●ted
one
day
to
see
the
King
of
Spain
at
Dinner
,
where
he
●ell
a
tal●ing
and
strutting
up
and
down
,
The
King
asked
what
he
sayd
,
an
Interpreter
told
him
that
the
Fool
sayed
,
King
Iames
his
Master
was
likest
to
God
Allmighty
of
any
King
upon
Earth
,
the
King
asking
him
his
reason
,
he
replyed
,
That
God
Allmighty
had
but
one
s●n
,
and
he
sent
him
to
be
Crucified
among
Iewes
,
So
the
King
of
England
had
allso
but
one
S●n
,
and
he
sent
him
to
be
Crucified
among
Spaniards
.
In
the
interim
the
Prince
shewd
himself
passionatly
in
love
with
the
Infanta
▪
and
courted
her
in
a
very
high
way
;
He
had
the
sight
of
her
often
in
public
,
and
at
Comedies
,
which
are
once
a
week
in
the
Kings
Court
,
where
he
wold
fix
and
fasten
his
eyes
upon
her
immovable
a
long
time
,
without
looking
upon
the
Action
of
the
Stage-players
,
to
the
wonder
of
the
Spectat●rs
.
The
King
had
the
other
side
of
the
River
Man●●●mares
,
wheron
his
Royall
Pallace
stands
a
Somerhouse
of
pleasure
,
where
the
Infanta
was
usd
to
go
betimes
in
the
morning
to
gather
May
dew
,
the
Prince
got
up
betimes
one
morning
,
and
taking
Mr
Ed:
Porter
only
with
him
,
he
got
into
that
Somer-house
,
and
was
let
in
into
the
fore-Garden
,
but
no
further
,
because
the
Infanta
was
in
the
other
,
therupon
the
Prince
got
on
the
top
of
the
Wall
,
and
leapd
down
where
the
Infanta
was
,
she
espying
him
gave
a
kind
of
s●rich
,
wherupon
the
old
Marquess
who
attended
her
(
with
som
women
)
came
and
kneeld
before
the
Prince
,
desiring
him
to
advance
no
further
,
because
his
life
lay
upon
it
,
for
he
was
to
admit
no
man
breathing
to
the
company
of
the
Infanta
who
was
then
his
charge
,
so
the
Prince
retird
,
the
Marquess
waiting
upon
him
to
the
door
of
the
Garden
,
and
opening
it
with
much
humility
,
wheras
before
he
had
com
ore
the
Wall
.
As
matters
were
thus
at
a
doubtfull
stand
,
because
of
the
Popes
demand
in
point
of
caution
for
the
performance
of
those
Capitulations
which
were
stipulated
in
favour
of
the
English
Catholicks
,
by
vertu
of
this
match
,
The
King
of
Spain
gave
the
Prince
a
visit
,
and
told
him
,
that
rather
then
a
Treaty
of
so
many
yeers
agitation
shold
fall
to
the
ground
,
and
that
those
noble
affections
which
he
had
shewd
his
Sister
(
for
whom
he
had
put
hi●
person
to
so
much
hardship
and
hazard
by
that
heroik
journey
)
shold
be
now
quite
frustrated
,
he
himself
wold
undertake
to
satisfie
the
Pope
in
this
point
▪
and
offer
himself
to
be
a
Pledg
and
Bail
for
the
King
of
great
Britan
,
and
his
Highness
to
perform
the
sayed
Capitulations
;
the
Prince
thanked
him
in
the
highest
degree
that
could
be
,
saying
,
that
this
Favour
transcended
all
the
rest
wherof
he
had
receivd
such
multitudes
from
his
Majesty
:
Hereupon
the
Pope
being
thus
contented
,
there
were
Bonefires
of
joy
,
baiting
of
Bulls
with
men
,
and
other
Actions
of
triumph
in
the
Court
of
Spain
;
So
the
dispensation
being
compleatly
com
a
little
after
from
Rome
,
the
Desposorio's
,
or
the
day
for
a
contract
betwixt
the
Infanta
and
the
Prince
was
nominated
.
In
the
interim
the
Nuncio
was
privatly
admitted
with
a
Letter
from
the
Pope
to
visite
the
Prince
,
who
made
him
this
civill
answer
by
an
Interpreter
;
That
he
kissd
his
Holyness
feet
for
the
Favor
and
Honor
he
did
him
,
which
was
to
be
so
much
the
more
esteemed
,
by
how
much
the
less
it
was
deserved
by
him
,
but
his
Holines
shold
see
for
the
future
what
he
wold
do
,
and
he
doubted
not
but
his
Father
wold
do
the
like
,
so
that
his
Holines
shold
not
repent
himself
of
what
he
had
done
.
A
little
after
the
King
and
the
Prince
had
a
solemn
enterview
in
the
privat
Gallery
,
for
signing
,
sealing
,
and
swearing
unto
the
Articles
.
The
King
had
the
Patriarch
of
the
West-Indies
,
the
Duke
of
Infantado
,
Oliuares
,
and
Gondamar
with
him
;
The
Prince
had
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
the
Earl
of
Bristol
,
and
the
Lord
A●hton
with
him
:
so
the
Patriarch
administred
the
Oath
upon
the
Holy
Evanglists
unto
King
and
Prince
,
which
they
interchangeably
took
.
But
as
Heaven
would
have
it
,
Som
few
daies
before
the
betrothing
day
was
com
,
it
chancd
that
Pope
Gregory
the
15th
.
dyed
,
and
Vrban
the
8.
who
succeeded
him
fell
suddenly
sick
;
hereupon
the
King
of
Spain
gave
the
Prince
another
visit
,
telling
him
that
he
had
received
ill
news
from
Rome
,
for
his
holy
Father
the
Pope
was
dead
,
who
was
so
good
a
friend
to
this
Match
,
&
now
he
cold
proceed
no
further
for
the
compleating
of
the
work
without
a
Ratification
of
the
former
dispensation
by
the
present
Pope
,
whom
he
was
to
obey
as
his
Spirituall
Father
,
which
task
he
wold
undertake
to
do
by
his
own
Ministers
without
puting
his
Highness
to
any
trouble
,
and
the
busines
was
of
that
consequence
that
he
feard
it
wold
require
som
time
,
in
regard
of
the
indisposition
of
the
new
Pope
,
therfore
he
desired
his
Highnes
patience
in
the
interim
,
and
now
that
he
had
stayed
so
many
yeers
for
a
wife
,
he
shold
not
think
it
much
to
stay
a
few
months
longer
;
the
Prince
answerd
,
That
he
was
sorry
for
the
news
from
Rome
,
and
wheras
his
Majesty
had
a
Spirituall
Father
,
he
himself
had
a
Naturall
Father
to
obey
,
who
was
now
becom
crazy
and
indisposd
in
his
health
,
which
encreasd
by
his
so
long
inexpected
absence
from
him
being
his
only
Son
,
therfore
he
had
sent
him
a
peremptory
command
to
be
in
England
in
such
a
month
because
Winter
came
on
a
pace
,
to
which
purpose
he
had
sent
a
royall
Fleet
for
him
under
the
command
of
the
Earl
of
Rutland
;
besides
,
he
had
intelligence
that
there
were
some
murmurings
in
England
for
his
so
long
abode
in
Spain
,
which
might
break
out
into
dangerous
consequences
,
and
hazard
the
rupture
of
the
Match
which
had
there
so
many
Enemies
among
the
Puritans
:
Moreover
he
sayed
,
that
when
he
came
to
Spain
he
thought
he
came
not
to
treat
of
a
Marriage
,
but
to
fetch
home
a
wife
whom
he
was
loth
to
trust
with
any
but
himself
;
the
King
replyed
,
then
your
Highnes
may
please
to
leave
a
Proxy
behind
you
to
do
the
work
,
and
I
shall
take
it
for
an
honor
if
you
make
me
your
Deputy
to
perform
the
Rites
of
the
Espousals
,
which
upon
the
faith
of
a
Catholic
King
shall
be
performd
the
same
week
,
after
that
the
Ratification
shall
com
from
Rome
,
to
which
purpose
he
wold
engage
his
Contratation
house
in
Sevill
,
if
need
requird
.
The
Prince
shewd
himself
to
be
mightily
taken
with
this
proposall
,
so
he
left
two
Proxies
behind
in
the
Earl
of
Bristols
hands
,
one
for
the
King
and
another
for
Don
Carlos
his
brother
,
to
be
his
Substitutes
the
wedding
day
;
so
the
Prince
put
himself
in
an
Equipage
for
his
return
to
England
,
and
the
King
with
his
two
brothers
and
Grandees
accompanied
him
beyond
the
Escuriall
on
his
way
,
and
wold
have
done
it
to
the
Sea-side
,
had
not
the
Queen
bin
then
big
with
Child
:
At
their
parting
King
and
Prince
often
embracd
one
another
,
but
Oliuares
and
Buckingham
did
not
part
so
kindly
,
for
the
Duke
told
him
that
he
was
infinitely
beholden
to
their
Majesties
of
Spain
for
many
royall
Favors
,
as
also
to
the
Lady
Infanta
,
and
that
he
wold
live
and
dy
there
Servant
,
and
continu
to
do
his
best
Offices
for
continuance
of
peace
twixt
tht
two
Crowns
,
but
for
your self
Count
Oliuares
he
sayed
,
I
must
tell
you
plainly
you
have
disobligd
me
so
far
,
that
I
cannot
make
further
profession
of
friendship
unto
you
without
flattery
;
Oliuares
turnd
about
and
made
this
short
answer
,
aceto
lo
diesto
,
I
accept
of
what
you
say
,
and
touching
the
first
part
of
your
Speech
,
if
you
perform
what
you
promise
you
will
do
well
,
and
I
must
tell
you
that
your
own
safety
depends
upon
it
,
but
for
any
particular
correspondence
of
friendship
twixt
you
and
me
,
it
matters
not
much
,
and
so
I
bid
you
farewell
.
Thus
the
King
of
Spain
and
the
Prince
of
Wales
parted
with
many
interchanges
of
endearment
,
in
a
field
calld
el
Campa
de
Balsain
▪
not
far
from
the
Escuriall
at
the
bottom
of
a
great
Hill
,
upon
which
departure
this
monumentall
Inscription
was
erected
.
In
campo
Balsain
.
HEic
;
ubi
fausta
sors
tulit
,
ad
praerupti
montis
radices
in
latè
patente
campulo
,
solenni
Regum
venatione
nobili
,
sed
in
solenni
Rei
e
ventu
longè
Nobiliori
;
Philippus
Quartus
Hispaniarum
Indiarumque
Rex
Catholicus
,
&
Carolus
seremissimus
Wallie
Princeps
pactis
cum
Maria
serenissima
Infante
Nuptijs
,
ad
quas
petendas
(
—
)
It
Fama
per
orbem
)
in
Hesperiam
properabat
,
dextras
dederunt
,
&
in
amplexus
mutuo
ruentes
pacis
&
Amicitia
aeterna
faedera
nodo
astrinxerunt
Herculeo
:
O
magnum
&
invictum
Regum
Par
,
sine
pari
,
Nullus
mehercule
Hercules
contra
duos
,
Ipsi
potius
contra
omnes
,
perfidia
fremente
duo
Aleydae
solo
&
salo
Iusuperabiles
;
siste
Fama
,
non
plus
ultra
;
viderunt
,
suspexerunt
,
stupuerunt
duo
Austriacae
sobolis
Incrementa
maxima
Carolus
&
Ferdinandus
serenissimi
Infantes
,
Gasper
Oliviariorum
excellentissimus
Comes
,
a
Belli
Statusque
Concilijs
,
Sacri
Cubiculi
,
&
Regis
stabuli
summus
Praefectus
,
Didacus
Carpentis
Marchio
cui
fas
per
sacratioris
Aula
limen
;
Ex
Britannis
Johannes
Comes
Bristoliae
Orator
Extraordinarius
,
Gualterus
Astonus
eques
&
Legatus
ex
munere
Baro
Kensingtonius
praetorianae
militiae
Angliae
Dux
Posteritati
sacrum
.
In
the
field
of
Balsain
.
Here
by
the
conduct
of
a
propitious
Star
at
the
foot
of
a
craggy
Mountain
in
a
spacious
field
,
ennobled
by
the
common
hunting
of
Kings
,
but
grown
more
noble
now
for
the
solemn
event
of
the
Thing
;
Philip
the
fourth
Catholic
King
of
both
the
Spaines
and
the
Indies
,
and
Charles
the
serenissim
Prince
of
Wales
,
Nuptials
being
agreed
upon
with
the
Lady
Mary
the
serenissim
Infanta
,
to
seek
which
(
sa
the
Fame
of
it
flies
through
●he
world
)
he
posted
to
Spain
,
the
said
King
and
Prince
plighted
their
Troths
,
and
running
into
mutuall
embraces
they
tyed
with
an
Herculean
Knot
,
an
eternall
league
of
peace
and
friendship
:
O
mighty
and
invincible
peerles
pair
of
Kings
,
no
Hercules
can
be
against
these
two
,
and
they
two
enough
against
all
;
let
disloyalty
rage
never
so
much
,
two
Alcides
insuperable
both
by
Land
and
Sea
.
Fame
stop
thy
mouth
,
for
thou
canst
go
no
further
;
Two
of
the
Royall
branches
of
the
Austrian
Tree
Don
Carlos
and
Don
Ferdinand
saw
,
beheld
,
and
stood
astonisht
hereat
,
as
also
Gaspar
the
most
excellent
Count
of
Olivares
,
chief
Gentleman
of
the
sacred
Bed
chamber
,
and
of
the
royall
Stables
,
as
also
Didacus
Marques
of
Carpio
who
had
the
golden
Key
,
among
the
British
Heros
Iohn
Earl
of
Bristol
Ambassador
extraordinary
,
and
Walter
Ashton
Ambassador
ordinary
,
with
the
Baron
of
Kensington
,
Captain
of
the
English
Praetorian
Bands
.
Sacred
to
Posterity
.
In
this
Inscription
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
was
not
mentiond
,
though
he
was
there
present
all
the
while
,
which
shews
that
the
Spaniards
did
not
so
much
affect
him
,
yet
was
he
at
first
much
esteemd
,
in
regard
of
the
charge
and
trust
he
had
being
the
Princes
Gardian
,
but
afterwards
he
began
to
grow
out
of
request
by
his
French
carriage
,
and
over
familiarity
with
the
Prince
&c.
Insomuch
that
his
Commission
being
examind
it
was
found
to
be
signed
only
by
King
Iames
and
the
Prince
,
wheras
the
Commission
of
Bristol
and
Ashton
was
signd
also
by
the
privy
Councell
,
and
exemplified
under
the
great
Seal
of
England
.
Therfore
the
King
of
Spain
being
instructed
by
Olivares
,
sent
him
word
that
he
shold
not
trouble
himself
any
further
in
point
of
audience
about
the
match
,
for
he
was
resolvd
to
treat
only
with
the
two
Ambassadors
,
who
had
a
more
plenary
power
,
and
understood
the
busines
better
;
so
il
blood
began
to
engender
betwixt
Olivares
,
Buckingham
,
and
Bristol
.
The
Prince
was
attended
by
som
of
the
Grandees
,
and
Count
Gondomar
to
the
Sea-side
,
where
being
com
not
without
som
danger
,
aboard
the
Prince-Royall
,
he
sent
Mr.
Clerk
a
Creature
of
Buckinghams
to
Madrid
,
with
a
privat
Letter
to
Bristol
,
not
to
proceed
in
the
busines
of
the
Match
till
further
order
from
England
notwithstanding
that
the
Ratification
shold
com
from
Rome
;
Clerk
lay
in
Bristols
house
,
but
was
not
to
deliver
him
the
sayed
Letter
till
the
Ratification
shold
com
,
the
Earl
of
Bristol
suspecting
such
a
thing
,
causd
a
rumor
to
be
spread
that
the
Ratification
was
com
,
hereupon
the
Letter
was
deliverd
him
,
so
he
went
to
confer
with
my
Lord
Ashton
about
it
,
who
was
in
joint
,
Commission
with
him
to
conclude
the
Match
;
he
askt
him
whether
upon
that
Letter
he
wold
suspend
the
busines
of
the
Match
,
and
Ashton
answering
,
that
the
Letter
was
to
be
obeyed
,
Bristol
replyed
,
that
then
he
wold
protest
against
him
,
telling
him
that
they
had
a
royall
Commission
under
the
broad
Seal
of
England
,
signd
,
and
seald
by
King
,
Prince
,
and
Councell
,
therfore
he
conceivd
that
a
privat
Letter
from
any
other
could
not
have
power
to
suspend
the
Kings
immediat
command
but
his
own
counter-command
;
he
alledgd
also
that
if
when
the
Ratification
came
,
they
shold
delay
a
moment
of
the
time
in
point
of
proceeding
,
the
Infanta
wold
hold
her self
disparagd
in
point
of
honor
;
He
subjoynd
that
this
Match
tended
to
the
restitution
of
the
Palatinat
,
and
settling
of
an
eternall
peace
in
Christendom
,
which
he
knew
wel
the
King
their
Master
did
desire
with
that
vehemency
,
so
he
brought
Ashton
to
joyn
with
him
in
pursuance
of
the
busines
,
which
was
at
so
fair
a
pass
,
that
they
both
made
of
them
a
great
number
of
rich
Liveries
against
the
wedding
day
,
the
Infanta
went
by
the
name
of
Princess
of
Wales
,
and
the
English
Ambassadors
wold
not
be
coverd
before
her
,
she
had
got
som
extraordinary
Masses
to
be
sung
for
the
Prince's
safe
return
to
England
:
She
had
divers
new
Sutes
made
for
the
Prince
of
rich
perfumd
Cordovan
,
som
embroyderd
with
Perl
,
som
with
Gold
,
some
with
Silk
;
She
studied
the
English
language
,
and
wore
Chapins
or
high
shoos
,
which
no
young
Ladies
usd
to
do
in
Spain
,
till
they
are
either
betr●thd
or
married
:
Moreover
the
King
of
Spain
had
a
purpose
to
make
a
Daughter
of
his
a
Christian
,
and
his
Sister
a
Wife
the
same
day
,
and
to
that
end
had
commanded
that
the
Baptism
and
the
Marriage
shold
be
solemnizd
together
;
to
which
end
a
long
Tarass
was
raysd
from
his
Royall
Palace
to
the
next
Church
,
all
coverd
with
rich
Tapistry
;
All
the
Grandees
were
summond
to
be
then
at
Court
,
and
the
great
Ordinance
were
ordered
to
be
discharged
in
all
the
Maritime
Towns
upon
such
a
day
:
So
the
long
wishd
for
Ratification
came
at
last
compleat
and
full
,
but
(
as
the
Stars
wold
have
it
)
as
the
busines
was
upon
its
last
period
there
come
four
Posts
from
England
within
the
space
of
24
hours
with
a
new
Commission
from
King
Iames
to
the
Earl
of
Bristol
,
intimating
that
wheras
he
treated
before
singly
of
a
match
,
he
shold
now
joyn
the
Palatinat
with
it
,
and
have
a
categoricall
conclusive
answer
from
the
King
of
Spain
for
the
restitution
of
it
;
for
he
wold
not
marry
his
son
with
joy
,
and
leave
his
daughter
in
tears
;
This
struck
a
strange
kind
of
consternation
in
the
hearts
of
all
men
at
Madrid
,
who
wishd
that
the
Postillions
which
brought
the
new
Commission
to
Bristoll
had
all
broke
their
necks
on
the
way
:
the
Infanta
retird
her self
,
and
wore
a
kind
of
mourning
for
som
daies
,
and
an
universall
sadness
appeard
in
all
faces
.
Hereupon
the
Earl
of
Bristol
going
to
the
King
of
Spain
to
demand
a
surrender
of
the
Palatinat
,
He
answer'd
that
it
was
not
in
his
power
to
do
it
,
for
hee
could
not
command
an
Emperour
in
whose
hands
it
was
,
with
whom
if
England
would
entertain
a
Treaty
,
if
the
Emperour
and
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
wold
not
com
to
terms
of
reason
,
the
same
arm
which
got
the
sayd
Palatinat
for
his
Oncle
(
the
Emperour
)
shold
joyn
with
the
King
of
England
to
reconquer
it
for
his
son
in
law
;
But
this
not
satisfying
,
Bristol
receiv'd
Letters
of
Revocation
,
and
so
going
to
take
his
leave
of
the
King
,
he
pulld
off
a
ring
of
1500
l.
price
off
his
finger
and
gave
it
him
,
sending
him
afterwards
a
Cup-board
or
old
Plate
valued
at
20000.
duckets
.
The
Prince
at
his
departure
left
a
great
rope
of
Pearl
and
many
boxes
of
Jewels
more
for
the
Infanta
,
valued
at
400000.
crowns
;
but
she
would
not
receive
any
till
the
Nuptiall
day
,
so
they
were
kept
in
the
custody
of
one
of
the
Secretaries
of
State
:
But
notwithstanding
that
intelligence
was
sent
how
the
two
Treaties
of
Match
and
Palatinat
were
dissolv'd
by
act
of
Parlement
in
England
,
and
that
they
were
preparing
for
a
War
,
yet
the
Spaniard
comanded
the
sayd
Jewels
to
be
deliverd
up
to
the
English
Ambassador
,
which
after
were
sent
safely
to
England
:
Out
of
the
premisses
it
may
be
inferrd
that
the
Spanyard
did
really
intend
a
match
with
England
,
which
he
saith
he
hath
not
broken
to
this
day
:
In
Spain
the
King
was
young
and
his
Favorit
old
,
it
was
clean
contrary
in
England
which
made
the
world
abroad
to
wonder
that
King
Iames
shold
be
transported
by
the
Councell
of
a
young
Favorit
,
as
to
suffer
him
to
strain
the
conscience
of
his
son
so
far
as
to
break
the
Match
;
now
,
most
remarkable
it
is
,
that
as
the
Parlement
serv'd
him
for
an
Instrument
to
do
it
,
so
the
Parlement
was
the
chief
instrument
afterwards
of
his
ruin
.
Thus
the
Spanish
Match
which
amus'd
the
world
so
long
,
and
assorded
such
matter
of
discours
was
suddenly
dashd
,
that
Fabrique
which
was
a
rearing
so
many
yeers
,
and
brought
to
such
a
point
of
perfection
that
it
only
wanted
a
cover
,
fell
down
in
a
moment
.
A
little
before
these
times
the
Duke
of
Ossuna
a
little
man
,
but
of
a
mighty
spirit
,
was
Vice-roy
of
Naples
,
where
he
had
comitted
more
extravagances
then
any
Vice-roy
ever
did
;
He
raisd
a
War
against
the
Venetian
for
a
property
of
Dominion
in
som
part
of
the
Adriatic
gulph
,
wherin
he
causd
the
Signory
to
spend
much
treasure
,
but
afterwards
it
was
found
that
this
War
was
grounded
rather
upon
the
Capricio
of
his
brain
,
then
any
just
reason
:
Therupon
the
King
of
Spain
sent
the
Cardinall
Borja
to
seize
upon
the
government
of
Naples
,
and
send
home
the
Duke
prisoner
if
he
found
cause
;
The
Cardinall
carried
the
busines
very
privatly
,
and
being
com
to
a
little
Iland
neer
Naples
,
the
sagacious
Duke
smelling
somthing
,
sent
a
Bishop
to
entertain
and
wait
upon
him
,
but
it
was
indeed
to
serve
as
a
Spy
to
observe
his
motions
.
The
Cardinal
made
a
shew
to
go
a
hunting
one
day
in
a
Sedia
,
wher
he
had
appointed
one
to
be
habited
just
like
him
in
another
Sed●a
,
the
Bishop
being
in
the
Field
all
the
while
,
and
seeing
a
man
like
him
in
the
Sedia
,
he
thought
the
Cardinal
was
still
there
,
but
the
Cardinal
had
privatly
got
away
to
the
Marine
,
where
he
had
a
Soldiers
habit
for
a
disguise
,
and
a
Felucca
ready
for
transporting
him
to
Naples
,
leaving
the
Bishop
waiting
stil
upon
the
counterfeit
Cardinal
in
the
Field
,
&
having
divers
confidents
in
the
Castle
where
the
Duke
was
,
he
got
thither
at
the
close
of
the
day
,
over
a
small
draw-bridg
,
and
surprized
the
Duke
:
so
signal
being
given
to
the
Town
the
Bells
rung
,
and
the
great
guns
went
all
suddenly
off
,
so
the
Collaterall
Councell
came
to
salute
the
new
Vice-roy
,
and
Ossuna
was
sent
prisoner
to
Spain
,
with
these
severall
accusations
.
Accusations
wherewith
the
most
faithfull
Citie
of
Naples
doth
charge
the
Duke
of
Ossuna
.
I.
THat
against
his
Majesties
will
he
entertained
a
great
number
of
Soldiers
,
who
by
their
miscarriages
have
committed
many
outrages
,
rapes
and
robberies
,
and
if
any
complaind
against
them
,
the
Plaintiffs
were
sent
away
with
threatnings
and
checks
insteed
of
satisfaction
from
the
Duke
.
II.
He
did
put
his
Majesties
patrimony
in
distribution
,
as
it
appeares
by
the
accounts
of
the
Kings
Chamber
,
besides
he
wasted
much
of
the
common
treasury
of
the
Town
,
depriving
her
of
many
priviledges
.
III.
When
he
sent
Soldiers
to
be
billeted
in
divers
parts
of
this
Kingdom
,
the
poor
people
to
rid
themselves
of
the
trouble
&
charge
,
us'd
to
resort
to
the
Marchiones
of
Campolataro
,
whom
they
were
forced
to
bribe
with
presents
to
do
them
good
offices
.
IV.
He
causd
divers
of
his
Majesties
Subjects
to
be
taxd
with
som
enormous
offences
;
which
he
did
,
because
they
shold
stand
in
the
more
awe
of
him
:
and
being
convinced
by
subordination
of
false
witnesses
,
they
were
us'd
afterwards
to
compound
the
business
by
bribes
.
V.
He
entertaind
the
sayd
Marchioness
de
Campolataro
publiquely
for
his
Concubine
,
to
which
he
us'd
to
send
the
Marquis
out
of
the
way
upon
remote
employments
.
VI.
When
Gabriel
Sanchez
his
chief
Chaplain
left
him
,
he
sayd
that
hee
would
have
never
gone
from
the
Duke
if
he
had
gone
duly
to
Masse
,
and
observ'd
other
divine
Exercises
,
besides
he
never
saw
him
confess
,
or
come
to
the
Communion
.
VII
.
He
tooke
out
of
the
Church
of
the
Annunciation
the
box
wherein
the
Holy
Sacrament
was
kept
,
and
never
restor'd
it
again
.
VIII
.
He
committed
rapes
upon
many
young
Mayds
,
he
committed
with
a
woman
before
the
holy
Alter
,
and
with
another
in
the
Chancell
of
St.
Maries
Church
IX
.
He
frequented
Nunneries
to
profane
sacrilegious
ends
.
X.
He
made
a
Feast
of
Flesh
for
all
the
Courtisans
in
Naples
upon
Maundy
Thursday
,
and
was
never
us'd
to
observe
fasting
dayes
.
XI
.
He
made
another
Feast
to
som
of
the
principall
Courtisan●
of
Naples
in
Don
Pedro
de
Toledo's
Garden
,
whom
he
made
to
confes
with
how
many
Church-men
they
had
traded
,
commanding
an
Inventory
of
their
names
to
be
taken
.
XII
.
He
would
often
take
Juana
Maria
a
common
Courtisan
into
his
Coa●h
and
goe
abroad
with
her
.
XIII
.
He
had
always
a
Morisco
Slave
in
his
house
,
of
whom
he
got
a
Bastard
,
which
hee
sufferd
to
be
brought
up
in
the
Mahametan
Religion
,
and
being
dead
,
he
was
buried
after
the
rites
of
Turky
.
XIV
.
He
did
his
utmost
endeavour
to
put
debate
between
the
Gentry
and
Cominalty
that
they
might
both
make
their
recours
to
him
.
XV.
As
the
holy
Eucharist
was
a
elevating
,
he
took
a
piece
of
gold
out
of
his
pocket
,
and
stood
adoring
it
.
XVI
.
The
same
time
as
Cardinall
Borgia
came
to
Naples
,
he
attempted
to
make
himself
Master
of
the
two
Castles
,
and
intended
to
besiege
them
.
XVII
.
Hee
procurd
many
blanck
papers
of
the
Gentlemen
and
Nobles
with
their
hands
and
seals
underneath
,
whereby
he
made
levies
of
great
summs
out
of
the
Duana
by
way
of
donation
.
XVIII
.
He
wastfully
and
unprofitably
spent
a
masse
of
money
against
the
Republic
of
Venice
,
transported
therunto
meerly
by
an
extravagant
humor
,
to
revenge
his
particular
quarrels
.
XIX
.
He
had
suspectfull
intelligence
with
the
Grand
Visier
,
and
som
of
the
Turks
Bashas
.
XX.
He
did
many
other
acts
of
obscenity
and
wantonnes
,
as
inviting
so
many
of
the
fairest
Concubines
into
his
Garden
,
where
he
had
provided
a
luscious
banquet
for
them
;
after
which
he
commanded
them
to
strip
themselves
stark
naked
,
while
he
with
a
hollow
trunk
shot
Comfets
at
their
naked
bodies
,
which
they
were
to
take
up
standing
upon
their
high
Chapins
.
XXI
.
That
he
causd
a
Barber
to
strip
himself
stark
naked
,
and
shave
his
Duches
below
being
also
naked
,
and
he
all
the
while
standing
with
a
great
knife
to
cut
off
his
privy
parts
if
he
found
any
motion
in
them
all
the
while
.
Moreover
having
extraordinary
Forces
by
Sea
and
Land
,
he
grew
so
insolent
that
he
began
to
chop
logic
and
capitulat
with
the
King
his
Master
,
proposing
unto
him
that
he
shold
continue
in
this
Government
four
yeers
longer
,
that
he
shold
send
him
Commission
to
pursue
the
War
against
the
Venetian
for
dominion
of
som
part
of
the
Gulph
,
with
other
extravagances
.
The
former
accusations
were
sent
to
Madrid
with
the
Duke
of
Ossuna
,
with
sundry
more
,
yet
was
he
admitted
to
kisse
the
Kings
hand
;
but
coming
with
his
Sword
like
a
Cane
in
his
han●
,
because
he
was
troubled
with
the
gout
,
the
King
observing
his
posture
,
and
turning
his
back
upon
him
,
went
away
to
his
private
Gallery
,
whereat
the
Duke
was
over-heard
to
mutter
Esto
el
tratar
con
muchachos
,
This
it
is
to
treat
with
boyes
▪
A
little
after
he
was
confind
to
a
Countrey
House
hard
by
,
whence
at
last
he
was
permitted
to
com
prisoner
to
his
hou●e
in
Madrid
,
being
grown
so
weak
that
he
was
carried
in
a
Bed
upon
the
sholders
of
men
:
so
he
died
a
little
after
,
and
at
his
death
he
protested
,
That
the
worst
thing
that
ever
he
had
done
against
Spain
,
was
,
when
he
made
his
eldest
son
whom
he
could
never
ab●de
.
The
Duchess
his
Wife
came
one
day
and
presented
a
printed
memorial
in
a
very
high
language
,
to
sollicit
the
King
for
her
Husbands
release
,
and
among
other
motifs
in
her
Petition
one
was
,
that
som
of
her
ancestors
ha●
brought
more
Lands
&
Lordships
to
the
Crown
of
Spain
,
then
som
of
his
Majesties
Progenitors
wer
worth
.
Ther
were
two
Cardinals
,
Borgia
&
Sapata
who
consecutively
succeeded
the
Duke
of
Ossuna
,
but
neither
the
taxes
lessened
,
nor
the
times
mended
any
thing
under
their
government
,
but
the
people
were
still
pittifully
peeld
up
and
down
,
which
made
one
to
drop
down
this
Satyre
in
divers
Copies
up
and
down
the
streets
.
Lamento
de
Napoli
.
Pletá
,
pietá
che
ogni
speranza
e
vana
Porgi
remedio
a
i
miei
Christiani
Accio
non
sian
strutati
da
Marani
Pater
noster
.
Questi
son
quei
che
sua
dura
Croce
Sempre
t'
han
fatto
,
ed
anchor
ti
farcen
guerra
,
Et
peggio
ti
furan
se
fosse
in
terra
Qui
es
in
Caelis
.
Quando
son
questi
in
nostre
case
intrati
Con
le
coron●
in
mano
humanamente
Ne
van
devoti
,
e
pajan
certamente
Sanctificetur
Dal
primo
giorno
in
poi
si
san
patroni
,
Ne
pensan
de
acostarti
a
loro
intorno
Perche
renegan
mille
volte
il
giorno
Nomen
tuum
La
prima
cosa
che
fá
lo
Spaguuolo
Per
tutti
lati
latua
casa
squadra
,
Et
quando
vede
cosa
che
gli
agrada
Adveniat
Dicendo
ad
patron
traes
a
ca
de
todo
Co
'
l
petto
gonfio
;
&
con
il
viso
altiero
Che
non
gli
bastarebbe
un
giorno
intiero
Regnum
tuum
Traes
aca
pollos
,
y
de
gallinas
Si
non
os
matare
con
un
cuchille
,
Che
convien
dir
a
tal
con
basso
ciglio
Fiat
.
Credo
che
sia
per
nostri
gran
peccati
Che
sotto
posti
siamo
a
tal
gente
,
E
certamente
ognun
crede
che
sia
Voluntas
tua
Signor
ti
prego
per
la
tua
passione
Che
libera
rarei
voglia
di
questi
cana
Et
fa
che
non
ne
sia
tra
nostre
mani
Sicut
in
caelo
Anchor
ti
prego
per
la
tua
bonta
Che
questi
che
non
credon
nel
vangelo
Maledetti
si
sian
sempre
in
cielo
Si
cet
in
terra
O
Dio
del
Cielo
e
pur
gran
cosa
questa
.
Son
tanto
Rei
,
perfidi
&
prophani
Che
vogliono
ancho
dar
a
lor
cani
Panem
nostrum
Vn
pover
huomo
che
va
a
guadgnare
In
caepo
dell'
anno
non
fá
alcun
profitto
Perche
questi
mangiano
il
suo
vitto
Quotidianum
.
Et
se
qual
cosa
habbiamo
da
mangiare
,
Che
servar
vogliam
per
l'
altro
giorno
Subito
si
stan
dicendo
intorno
Da
nobia
▪
hodié
.
Et
se
di
questi
noj
ci
lamentiamo
Vengono
sopra
noj
con
tanto
ardire
Che
senza
dubbio
siam
forzati
a
dire
Dimitte
nobis
Et
se
in
tutto
no
li
contentiamo
Metton
tutta
la
casa
in
disbaratto
●●i●ando
contra
noi
non
haver
●att●
Debita
nostra
Appresso
a
questo
ogni
male
e
poco
Per
voler
contentar
tutte
lor
voglie
●oglion
anchor
dormir
con
nostre
moglie
Sicut
&
nos
.
Et
se
qual
cosa
noi
gli
diciamo
Voto
a
Dios
os
dare
de
cuchi
lladas
Tal
che
por
nollevar
de
bastonadas
Dimitti●●s
Vn
altra
cosa
mi
manoava
a
dire
,
Son
tanto
rei
,
perfidi
ed
avari
Che
voglion
anchor
riscuoter
j
danari
Debitoribus
nostris
Gran
Dio
dacci
nostra
libertade
Anticha
,
&
da
qui
avanti
Sotto
il
jugo
de
usurpanti
Ne
nos
inducas
Sotto
il
Francese
piu
franchi
vissimo
,
Má
so
questi
remanemo
tutti
Diventati
pur
schiavi
,
&
per
forza
indutti
In
tentationem
Che
habbia
haunto
piu
variabil
fato
Che
noi
non
e's
nation
nissuna
No
vengi
frá
noi
altro
com
Ossuna
Sed
libera
nos
a
malo
Mentre
che
di
noi
tenghin
●il
governo
Questi
maluaggi
altieri
popoli
Non
possiamo
dire
que
di
Napoli
Nam
tuum
est
Regnum
.
The
Lamentations
of
Naples
.
PItty
,
O
pitty
,
for
all
hopes
are
vain
,
Releive
my
oppressed
Christians
That
they
be
not
torn
to
peeces
by
Barbarians
,
O
our
Father
;
These
are
they
who
under
the
hard
Cross
Have
made
and
will
make
war
against
Thee
And
they
wold
use
thee
worse
if
thou
wert
on
Earth
,
Which
art
in
Heaven
.
When
these
Scabbs
enter
our
houses
Devoutly
with
their
Beads
in
hand
They
seem
so
holy
as
if
their
mouths
were
Hallowed
They
make
themselves
Masters
the
first
day
,
And
look
about
what
things
are
fit
for
Prey
Then
they
prophane
a
thousand
times
a
day
Thy
name
:
The
first
thing
a
Spaniard
doth
He
skulking
goes
in
every
part
of
the
house
And
if
there
be
any
thing
that
like
's
,
he
sayes
,
Let
come
Bring
hither
Sirrah
,
he
sayes
unto
the
Master
With
a
swelling
breast
and
such
high
looks
,
As
if
with
the
Giants
he
wold
assault
Thy
Kingdom
Sirrah
,
bring
here
those
Hens
and
Capons
Or
els
I
will
hurl
thee
out
of
thy
window
,
So
he
obeys
,
saying
with
a
trembling
voice
Thy
will
be
done
.
O
Lord
I
implore
thee
for
thy
passion
To
free
us
from
these
ravenous
Wolfs
,
And
grant
that
justice
may
be
done
In
Earth
as
it
is
in
Heaven
.
And
if
perchance
we
have
any
thing
in
store
,
And
reservd
for
another
time
They
presently
cry
out
and
bawl
Give
us
this
day
A
poor
man
who
goes
to
gain
a
living
,
At
the
yeers
end
can
scarce
put
up
a
penny
,
For
these
Spanish
Dogs
continually
devour
Our
daily
bread
And
if
by
chance
they
go
upon
the
score
,
Which
they
too
often
use
to
do
,
With
swelling
words
and
threats
they
say
Forgive
us
our
debts
,
And
we
must
do
it
with
speed
Wiping
off
their
Scores
in
their
presence
,
So
that
we
must
forgive
them
not
As
we
forgive
our
Debtors
Great
God
restore
us
our
liberties
,
With
our
ancient
Laws
and
Customes
,
Under
the
Iron
yoak
of
Usurpators
,
And
lead
us
not
We
livd
far
better
under
the
French
But
under
this
half-moorish
people
We
are
becom
pure
Slaves
,
and
daily
brought
Into
temption
.
There
is
no
people
hath
had
and
felt
More
miseries
and
chances
then
we
,
Lord
let
there
not
com
among
us
another
Ossuna
,
But
deliver
us
from
evil
,
While
these
Tyrants
sit
at
the
Healm
And
grind
our
face
ni
this
manner
,
Lord
,
it
cannot
be
sayed
that
Naples
For
thine
is
the
Kingdom
.
IT
hath
been
formerly
related
how
illfavoredly
matters
went
betwixt
England
and
Spain
after
the
return
of
the
Prince
of
Wales
,
for
the
Treaties
both
of
Match
and
Palatinat
were
dissolvd
by
Act
of
Parliament
,
where
the
Puritan
bore
the
greatest
sway
,
and
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
made
use
both
of
Parli●ment
and
Puritan
to
bring
that
work
about
,
but
there
being
at
that
time
two
Ambassadors
extraordinary
in
England
,
and
finding
that
it
was
chiefly
by
the
practises
of
Buckingham
that
the
Match
was
broken
,
they
practisd
also
how
they
might
break
his
neck
,
and
demolish
him
;
likewise
King
Iames
was
old
,
and
they
knew
the
least
thing
wold
make
impressions
of
jealousie
in
him
,
therfore
by
a
notable
way
of
plotting
they
gave
him
intelligence
at
a
privat
audience
,
of
a
dangerous
conspiracy
against
his
Royall
Authority
,
by
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
and
his
Complices
;
The
manner
of
which
Conspiracy
may
be
best
understood
out
of
the
following
memoriall
or
information
that
Sir
Walter
Aston
,
remaining
still
Ambassador
in
Spain
,
did
present
unto
that
King
,
which
was
as
followeth
,
and
being
so
remarkable
a
passage
,
I
thought
it
worthy
to
take
place
here
.
To
the
King
SIR
,
SIr
Walter
Aston
Ambassador
to
the
King
of
great
,
sayth
,
that
the
King
his
Master
hath
commanded
him
to
represent
unto
your
Majesty
,
that
having
declard
to
your
Majesty
the
reasons
why
he
could
receive
no
satisfaction
by
your
Majesties
answer
of
the
fift
of
January
,
and
that
therby
according
to
the
unanimous
consent
of
his
Parliament
he
came
both
to
disolve
the
treaties
of
Match
and
Palatinat
,
he
hath
receivd
another
answer
from
your
Majesty
,
wherin
he
finds
less
grounds
to
build
upon
,
and
having
understood
that
neither
by
the
Padr
.
Maestro
,
or
your
Majesties
Ambassadors
,
who
have
assisted
these
daies
passd
in
his
Court
,
there
was
somthing
to
be
propounded
,
and
declard
touching
the
busines
of
the
Palatinat
,
wherby
he
might
receive
contentment
;
The
sayed
Ambassadors
untill
now
have
not
sayed
any
thing
at
all
to
any
purpose
,
which
being
compard
with
other
circumstances
of
their
ill
carriage
,
he
gathers
and
doubts
that
according
to
the
ill
affection
and
depraved
intentions
wherwith
they
have
proceeded
in
all
things
,
but
specially
in
one
particular
,
they
have
labourd
to
hinder
the
good
correspondence
,
and
so
necessary
and
desired
intelligence
should
be
conservd
with
your
Majesty
.
Furthermore
he
saith
,
that
the
King
his
Master
had
commanded
him
to
give
account
to
your
Majesty
that
in
an
Auaience
which
he
gave
to
the
Marquess
of
Inoiosa
,
and
Don
Charlos
Coloma
,
they
under
cloak
and
pretext
of
zeal
,
and
particular
care
of
his
person
,
pretended
to
discover
unto
him
a
very
great
conjuration
against
his
per●●n
and
Royall
Dignity
,
which
was
that
at
the
beginning
of
this
Parliament
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
had
consulted
with
certain
Lords
and
others
of
the
arguments
and
means
which
were
to
be
taken
for
the
breaking
and
dissolving
of
the
treaties
both
of
Match
and
Palatinat
;
and
their
consultations
passd
so
far
,
that
if
his
Majesty
wold
conform
himself
to
their
counsels
,
they
wold
give
him
a
house
of
pleasure
whither
he
might
retire
himself
to
his
sports
,
in
regard
that
the
Prince
had
now
yeers
sufficient
,
and
parts
answerable
for
the
government
of
the
Kingdom
.
The
information
was
of
that
quality
,
that
it
was
sufficient
to
put
impression
in
him
of
an
everlasting
jealousie
,
in
regard
that
through
the
sides
of
Buckingham
they
wounded
the
Prince
his
Son
,
together
with
the
Nobility
,
for
it
is
not
probable
that
they
could
bring
to
effect
such
a
design
without
departing
totally
from
the
Obligation
of
that
faith
and
loyalty
,
which
they
owd
to
his
person
and
Crown
,
because
the
Lords
made
themselves
culpable
as
Concealors
,
Nor
is
it
likely
that
the
Duke
wold
put
himself
upon
such
an
enterprize
,
without
communicating
it
first
to
the
Prince
,
and
knowing
of
his
pleasure
.
But
because
this
information
might
be
made
more
cleer
,
his
Majesty
did
make
many
instances
unto
the
sayed
Ambassadors
that
they
wold
give
him
the
Authors
of
the
sayed
conjuration
,
this
being
the
sole
means
wherby
their
own
honor
might
be
preservd
,
and
whereby
the
great
zeal
and
care
they
pretended
to
have
of
his
person
might
appear
:
But
the
sayed
Ambassadors
in
stead
of
confirming
the
great
zeal
they
made
profession
to
bear
him
,
all
the
answer
they
made
him
consisted
of
arguments
against
the
discovery
of
the
Conspirators
,
so
that
for
confirmation
of
the
sayed
report
,
there
r●maind
no
other
means
then
the
examination
of
som
of
his
Councell
of
State
,
and
principall
Subjects
,
which
was
put
in
execution
accordingly
,
whom
he
causd
to
be
put
to
their
Oathes
in
his
own
presence
▪
commanding
that
such
Interrogatories
and
Questions
shold
be
propounded
unto
them
that
were
most
pertinent
to
the
accusation
▪
so
that
not
the
least
part
,
particle
,
or
circumstance
remaind
which
was
not
exactly
exa●ind
and
winnowed
;
And
he
found
in
the
Duke
,
with
the
rest
who
were
examind
a
●●eer
▪
and
sincere
innocency
,
touching
the
accusations
and
imputations
wherwith
your
Majesties
Ambassadors
had
chargd
them
.
This
being
done
,
he
r●turned
to
make
new
instances
unto
the
sayed
Ambassadors
,
that
they
wold
not
prefer
the
discovery
of
the
names
of
the
conspirators
to
the
security
if
his
Royall
person
,
to
the
truth
and
honor
of
themselves
,
and
to
run
the
hazard
of
an
opinion
to
●e
h●ld
and
judgd
the
Authors
,
and
Betrayers
of
a
plot
of
such
malice
▪
sedition
,
and
danger
,
but
the
sayed
Ambassadors
continued
still
in
a
kn●tty
kind
of
obstinacy
,
resolving
to
conceal
the
names
of
the
Conspirators
,
notwithstanding
that
he
gave
them
audience
afterward●
,
wherin
the
Marquess
of
Inoiosa
took
his
leave
.
But
a
few
dayes
after
they
desird
new
Audience
,
pretending
that
they
had
somthing
to
say
that
concernd
the
public
good
,
and
condu●d
to
the
entire
restitution
o●
the
Palatinat
,
and
thereby
to
the
confirmation
nnd
conservation
of
the
friendship
〈◊〉
your
Majesty
;
but
having
suspended
som
few
daies
to
give
them
audience
,
thinking
that
being
therby
better
advisd
they
wold
think
on
better
courses
,
and
discov●r
the
Authors
of
s●p●rnitious
a
plot
,
and
having
since
made
many
instances
to
that
effect
,
and
attended
the
success
of
so
long
a
patience
;
he
sent
his
Secretary
Sir
Edward
Conway
with
Sir
Francis
Cotington
Secretary
to
the
Prince
,
commanding
them
that
they
shold
signifie
unto
the
sayd
Ambassadors
,
that
he
desired
nothing
more
then
continuance
of
the
friendship
betwixt
the
two
Crowns
,
therfore
if
they
had
any
thing
to
say
,
they
shold
communicat
it
unto
the
sayed
Secretaries
,
as
persons
of
so
great
trust
which
he
sent
therfore
expresly
to
that
end
,
and
if
they
made
any
difficulty
of
this
also
▪
then
they
might
choose
amongst
his
Councell
of
State
those
whom
they
likd
best
,
and
he
would
command
that
they
shold
presently
repair
unto
them
:
And
if
this
also
shold
then
be
inconvenient
,
they
might
send
him
what
they
had
to
say
in
a
Letter
,
by
whom
they
thought
fittest
,
and
he
wold
receive
it
with
his
own
hands
.
But
the
Ambassadors
misbehaving
themselfs
,
&
not
conforming
to
any
thing
that
was
thus
propounded
,
the
sayd
Secretaries
according
to
the
instructions
which
they
had
receav'd
,
told
them
that
they
being
the
Authors
of
an
Information
so
dangerous
and
seditious
,
had
made
themselfs
incapable
to
treat
further
with
the
King
their
Master
,
and
were
it
not
for
the
respect
he
bore
to
the
Catholic
King
his
dear
and
beloved
brother
their
Master
,
and
that
they
were
in
quality
of
Ambassadors
to
such
a
Majestie
,
he
wold
and
could
by
the
law
of
Nations
,
and
the
right
of
his
own
Royall
Iustice
proceed
against
them
with
severity
a●
their
offence
deserv'd
,
but
for
the
reasons
aforesayd
,
he
wold
leave
the
reparation
thereof
to
the
Iustice
of
their
King
of
whom
he
wold
demand
and
require
it
.
In
conformity
to
what
hath
been
said
,
the
said
Ambassador
of
the
King
of
Great
Britain
saith
,
that
the
King
his
Master
hath
commanded
him
to
demand
refaction
and
satisfaction
of
your
Majestie
against
the
said
Marquis
of
Inojos●
and
Don
Carlos
Coloma
,
making
your
Majestie
the
Iudg
of
the
great
scandall
and
enormous
offence
which
they
have
committed
against
him
,
and
against
public
Right
,
expecting
Iustice
from
your
Majestie
in
the
demonstrations
&
chastisement
that
your
Majestie
shall
infli●t
upon
them
,
which
for
the
manner
of
his
proceeding
with
your
Majestie
,
and
out
of
your
Majesties
own
integrity
and
goodnes
ought
to
be
expected
.
Furthermore
the
said
Ambassador
saith
that
the
King
his
Master
hath
commanded
him
to
assure
your
Majestie
,
that
hitherto
●e
hath
not
intermingled
the
correspondence
and
friendship
he
holds
with
your
Majestie
,
with
the
faults
and
offences
of
your
Ministers
,
but
leaves
,
and
restrains
them
to
their
own
persons
,
and
that
he
still
persever's
with
your
Majestie
in
the
tru
and
ancient
frendship
and
brotherhood
as
formerly
,
to
which
purpose
he
is
ready
to
give
a
hearing
to
any
thing
that
shall
be
reasonable
,
and
give
answer
thereunto
;
therefore
when
it
shall
please
your
Majestie
to
employ
any
Ambassador
thither
,
he
will
make
them
all
good
entreaty
,
and
receive
them
with
that
love
which
is
fitting
.
For
conclusion
the
said
Ambassador
humbly
beseecheth
your
Majestie
that
you
wold
be
pleas'd
to
observe
&
well
weigh
the
car
and
tendernes
wherewith
the
King
his
Master
hath
proceeded
towards
your
Majesties
Ambassadors
,
not
obliging
them
to
any
precipitat
resolutions
;
but
allowing
them
time
enough
to
prove
,
and
give
light
of
that
which
they
had
spoken
:
And
besides
,
by
opening
them
many
ways
wherby
they
might
have
complied
with
their
Orders
if
they
had
any
such
,
which
cours
if
they
had
taken
,
they
might
will
have
given
satisfaction
to
the
King
his
Master
,
and
moderated
the
so
grounded
opinion
of
their
〈◊〉
proceedings
against
the
peace
,
together
with
the
good
intelligence
and
correspondence
twixt
the
two
Crowns
.
Walter
Ashton
.
THis
memorial
kept
som
noise
in
the
Court
of
Spain
for
the
present
,
and
the
world
expected
that
the
sayd
Ambassadors
at
their
return
shold
receive
som
kind
of
punishment
▪
or
at
least
some
marks
of
the
Kings
displeasure
,
but
clean
contrary
,
the
one
was
promoted
to
be
Governour
of
Milan
,
and
Don
Carlos
Coloma
going
to
Flanders
,
continued
still
in
employment
,
and
encrease
of
favour
.
So
ther
was
a
Warr
menacd
but
not
denouncd
between
England
and
Spain
,
which
lasted
not
long
,
being
meerly
navall
,
for
in
the
compass
of
a
short
time
ther
was
a
peace
peecd
up
again
twixt
the
two
Crowns
,
insomuch
that
Trade
after
this
small
in
e●ruption
did
res●●rish
mightily
,
specially
in
the
Dominions
of
Naples
.
The
Duke
of
Medina
de
las
Torres
being
Viceroy
in
that
Kingdom
,
ther
hapned
an
extrao●dinary
accident
;
the
occasion
was
given
at
a
Ball
where
ther
was
a
great
confluence
of
the
principall
Noblemen
and
Ladies
.
The
Duke
of
Matalone
the
chief
of
the
Carassas
and
potentest
Familie
in
that
Kingdom
conceivd
he
had
receivd
an
affront
from
the
Prince
of
Sanza
at
the
Ball
,
wherupon
he
hird
a
Valenton
or
Swashbuckler
to
d●y-beat
and
cane
●im
.
He●upon
the
Prince
went
and
raised
Forces
in
Campania
,
and
so
thought
to
revenge
a
privat
injury
in
a
public
way
,
the
Viceroy
having
notice
of
it
▪
raisd
another
considerable
Army
which
dispersed
the
other
,
so
that
the
Prince
of
Sanza
was
forc'd
to
fly
to
●ome
whe●
he
took
Sanctuary
;
The
Dukes
of
Medina
and
Matalone
devisd
how
they
might
seize
upon
him
,
so
there
was
a
paction
made
with
Iulio
Puzzolo
,
a
great
Bandito
at
such
a
price
,
who
going
disguisd
to
Rome
about
it
,
and
understanding
who
was
Prince
Sanzas
Mistress
,
and
where
he
usd
to
hear
Mass
,
he
sent
a
Message
to
him
into
the
Church
,
that
his
sayed
Mistre●s
was
fallen
very
sick
,
the●fore
she
desird
to
speak
with
him
out
of
hand
,
so
going
up
into
the
Coach
,
which
he
thought
had
bin
sent
for
him
,
that
stood
at
the
Church-door
,
the
Bandito
with
his
Complices
surprizd
him
,
and
hurried
him
away
to
Naples
,
where
a
little
after
he
was
beheaded
:
The
Pope
sent
six
hundred
Light-horse
presently
after
to
redeem
the
Prince
,
but
the
Bandito
was
too
nimble
for
them
,
and
wheeling
about
by
infrequented
waies
,
had
got
into
the
Territories
of
Naples
before
,
whence
he
carried
him
away
cleer
,
and
so
receivd
his
price
of
blood
,
and
they
promised
reward
.
Philip
the
fourth
entring
young
into
his
Government
,
took
the
Count
of
Olivares
for
his
Privado
and
chief
Pilot
for
the
conduct
of
all
State
affairs
,
a
man
wonderfull
sedulous
,
but
not
so
succesfull
,
for
the
King
grew
alwaies
to
be
on
the
loosing
hand
,
while
he
put
him
at
the
Helm
.
One
of
the
first
losses
he
had
was
that
of
Ormus
the
chiefest
Mart
in
the
world
for
all
sorts
of
Jewels
;
so
that
if
the
Earth
were
compard
to
a
Ring
,
Ormus
might
be
calld
the
Gemm
of
that
Ring
:
It
was
taken
by
the
assistance
of
three
English
Merchants
Ships
,
who
were
then
upon
the
Coasts
of
Persia
;
The
Sophy
Embargud
and
hired
them
for
the
Service
,
promising
them
the
spoyles
of
the
Church
,
and
of
the
Monasteries
of
Ormus
,
being
encouragd
hereby
they
fought
notably
,
and
helped
to
finish
the
business
,
so
accordingly
they
had
the
Plunder
of
all
the
Religious
houses
in
Ormus
,
which
they
carried
aboard
,
and
it
was
an
incredible
masse
of
treasure
they
took
,
specially
in
Jewels
,
but
it
did
not
prosper
,
for
the
English
Ship
Pearl
being
the
Admiral
and
laden
with
that
rich
spoil
,
perisht
in
the
Port
with
all
her
Cargazond
,
the
other
two
making
for
England
,
one
of
them
was
cast
away
in
Alto
Mari
,
in
open
Sea
,
the
other
being
com
into
the
narrow
Seas
,
as
she
set
Sail
upon
a
Sunday
morning
,
a
horrid
tempest
did
rise
,
which
was
so
impetuous
,
that
by
the
fury
therof
she
was
carried
away
to
the
Coasts
of
Holland
,
where
she
perisht
,
but
Captain
Cartwright
had
preservd
himself
with
a
Girdle
of
Jewels
about
him
of
six
thousand
pounds
value
,
which
did
not
peosper
,
for
going
to
Russia
to
push
on
his
fortunes
he
grew
to
be
extreamly
poor
:
A
little
after
Goa
fell
from
the
Spaniard
,
many
Towns
in
Flanders
were
lost
,
the
Condado
de
Rossillon
at
the
foot
of
the
Pyrenean
Hills
,
with
the
Kingdoms
of
Catalonia
and
Portugal
quite
revolted
from
him
;
The
first
flew
off
because
of
the
free
quarter
the
Castillian
Soldiers
took
as
they
passd
through
Catalonia
towards
Italy
,
and
the
Fry
grew
suddenly
so
furious
,
that
the
Vice-roy
himself
was
murthered
in
his
Coach
with
others
;
the
Kings
Seals
were
all
broken
,
and
they
put
themselves
under
the
protection
of
the
French
.
Touching
Portugal
they
took
the
advantage
of
those
comotions
in
Catalonia
,
and
likewise
quite
revolted
from
the
Castillian
,
whom
they
hate
above
all
other
Mortalls
.
They
Crownd
Iohn
Duke
of
Braganza
for
their
King
,
under
whom
the
Government
in
a
very
short
time
was
so
generally
establishd
,
as
if
it
had
bin
a
hundred
yeers
a
doing
.
It
seems
that
after
the
revolt
of
Catalonia
,
there
were
som
fears
had
of
Portugal
,
and
jealousies
of
the
Duke
of
Braganza
,
therfore
to
put
him
out
of
the
way
he
wa●
proferd
to
be
the
Governor
of
Milan
,
but
he
made
a
modest
excuse
;
Then
it
was
given
out
cunningly
that
the
King
was
going
in
person
to
Catalonia
,
therfore
notice
was
given
,
that
the
Duke
of
Braganza
with
the
rest
of
the
Nobles
shold
attend
the
Kings
Standard
,
but
he
still
excusd
himself
:
Hereupon
the
King
of
Spain
to
endear
the
Duke
,
or
rather
to
secure
him
unto
him
the
more
,
sent
him
a
Commission
to
be
Generall
of
all
the
Militia
of
Portugal
,
referring
it
to
his
free
Election
where
to
fix
,
and
in
what
place
he
pleasd
neer
Lisbon
the
Capitall
Citty
:
And
withall
he
sent
him
for
supply
of
his
privat
occasions
,
a
royall
Token
of
sixty
thousand
Duckets
,
but
it
seems
t
was
a
Crown
that
he
aimd
at
▪
not
Duckets
,
〈◊〉
none
of
these
proffers
or
reall
favours
could
detain
him
from
shaking
off
all
alleageance
to
King
Philip
,
neer
whom
he
was
bred
most
part
of
his
yeers
;
The
Dutchess
of
Savoy
King
Philips
Ant
then
Governess
in
Lisbon
,
had
formerly
sent
advices
one
upon
the
neck
of
another
,
how
she
apprehended
som
fear
of
an
Insurrection
in
Portugal
,
but
Olivares
slighted
her
Avisos
,
giving
out
that
she
was
a
silly
woman
,
fitter
to
govern
a
Family
then
a
Kingdom
,
therfore
he
sent
her
word
,
that
if
she
did
not
comprehend
the
services
of
State
,
at
least
she
shold
not
detect
them
.
Not
long
after
som
of
the
chief
Nobility
had
a
clan●ular
close
meeting
at
Lisbon
,
where
it
was
proposed
that
the
Kingdom
shold
be
reduced
into
a
Common-wealth
,
but
that
design
provd
but
an
Embryon
which
dyed
suddenly
,
before
it
could
receive
any
shape
;
Then
the
Arch-bishop
of
Sevill
stood
up
,
and
councelld
them
to
cast
their
eyes
upon
the
Duke
of
Braganza
,
the
Native
and
rightfull
Heir
:
The
motion
was
approvd
of
,
so
one
Gaston
Cotigno
a
pragmaticall
man
,
and
a
nimble
smoothd
toungd
Instrument
for
such
a
business
,
and
one
who
abhorrd
the
Castilians
to
the
very
death
,
was
employd
unto
the
Duke
then
at
a
privat
house
of
his
;
he
told
him
,
that
now
there
was
a
pregnant
opprtunity
offerd
for
him
to
recover
his
Ancestrall
right
to
the
Crown
of
Portugal
,
that
Fortune
seldom
proffers
a
man
a
Kingdom
;
He
told
him
of
the
fair
hope
to
bring
the
business
about
,
he
told
him
of
the
generall
inclinations
of
the
Nobility
and
Clergy
,
specially
of
the
Arch-bishop
of
Lisbon
,
the
universall
disgust
,
and
hatred
of
the
people
towards
the
Castillian
:
He
bid
him
look
upon
the
present
face
of
things
,
which
seemd
to
smile
upon
and
invite
him
,
how
that
the
house
of
Austria
was
at
a
low
ebb
,
distracted
with
Wars
on
every
side
,
the
Castillians
had
work
enough
cut
them
by
the
Catelans
,
nor
could
he
want
succours
and
auxiliaries
from
France
,
and
others
that
did
emulat
the
greatnes
of
Spain
,
therfore
he
advisd
him
to
take
time
by
the
fore-top
,
for
he
is
bald
behind
.
The
Duke
after
a
long
pauze
,
thankd
him
and
the
Nobility
for
their
good
affections
towards
him
,
but
this
was
a
business
of
that
hazard
and
consequence
that
it
requird
som
deliberation
;
that
he
knew
well
there
was
no
Medium
betwixt
a
Throne
and
a
Scaffold
,
and
so
shewd
himselfe
irresolute
for
the
present
.
The
next
night
taking
advise
of
his
Pillow
,
and
communicating
the
whole
busines
to
his
Wife
,
Sister
to
the
Duke
of
Medina
Sidonia
a
Female
of
a
Masculine
courage
,
and
being
anxious
within
himself
whether
he
shold
hearken
to
the
proposals
of
the
Nobility
,
or
go
to
Madrid
to
prevent
all
hazards
;
His
Lady
told
him
,
My
friend
,
if
thou
goest
to
Madrid
,
thou
dost
incur
the
danger
of
loosing
thy
head
,
and
if
thou
acceptest
of
the
Crown
thou
dost
but
run
the
same
hazard
,
therfore
consider
well
whether
it
be
not
better
to
dye
nobly
at
home
then
basely
abroad
.
Being
incited
by
these
words
,
he
sent
word
presently
to
the
Nobility
,
that
he
wold
conform
himself
to
their
Councels
,
and
was
resolved
to
live
and
dy
,
and
run
the
same
adventures
with
them
;
so
they
securd
all
places
of
fastnes
in
Lisbon
,
and
though
there
were
Spanish
and
Swisse
guards
there
,
yet
there
was
killd
but
one
Swits
in
all
the
bustle
,
besides
Vasconcellos
the
Secretary
of
State
,
who
managd
all
things
before
under
the
Lady
Governes
or
Vice-queen
,
but
was
extreamly
hated
,
so
he
was
murtherd
in
a
Cup-board
within
his
own
Chamber
,
where
he
was
usd
to
lock
up
all
his
Letters
and
Papers
,
among
whom
he
fell
,
being
shot
with
a
Pistoll
as
he
had
shut
himself
among
them
.
Hereupon
the
cry
went
all
over
Lisbon
,
Viva
El
Roy
Don
Iuan
el
quarto
,
God
save
King
Iohn
the
fourth
;
yet
in
all
this
hurly-burly
the
Vice-queen
was
dealt
civilly
withall
;
and
when
som
of
the
Nobility
came
to
her
,
she
made
this
discreet
Speech
unto
them
,
being
nothing
at
all
daunted
,
That
if
this
Insurrection
had
no
other
aime
but
to
revenge
themselves
of
Secretary
Vasconcellos
,
the
busines
was
done
,
therfore
she
assurd
them
upon
returning
to
their
obedience
to
gain
them
a
generall
pardon
from
the
King
her
Lord
and
Nephew
:
But
they
answerd
her
in
short
,
Madam
,
We
have
now
no
other
King
but
King
Iohn
,
wherof
we
com
to
give
you
notice
,
so
they
removd
the
Vice-queen
from
the
Royall
Palace
to
another
house
,
leaving
a
band
of
Soldiers
for
her
security
.
The
Arch-bishop
of
Lisbon
,
who
was
the
chiefest
stikler
in
this
desperat
busines
,
to
cover
this
Insurrection
with
some
signal
act
of
devotion
,
came
forth
in
a
solemn
procession
,
carrying
in
his
hand
the
chiefest
relique
of
Lisbon
,
which
is
one
of
the
Nailes
wherwith
Christ
was
naild
to
the
Cross
:
Besides
,
it
was
delivered
in
a
Sermon
,
that
in
the
person
of
the
Duke
was
verified
a
certain
apparition
of
Christ
to
King
Alphonso
,
as
he
was
upon
point
of
giving
Battell
to
●ive
Moorish
Kings
,
by
which
he
was
promised
not
only
Victory
,
but
that
he
and
his
Successors
shold
Raign
to
the
sixteenth
Generation
,
at
which
time
his
Race
shold
be
thought
extinct
,
but
it
shold
florish
again
when
it
shold
be
least
of
all
thought
upon
,
which
Prophecy
fell
pat
upon
the
motions
of
the
present
times
.
There
was
then
in
Lisbon
the
Count
de
la
Puebla
Olivares
Kinsman
,
with
other
Castillians
who
were
kept
for
Hostages
for
som
Portugals
that
were
in
the
Spanish
〈◊〉
.
Upon
Thursday
after
,
the
new
King
made
his
entrance
into
Lisbon
where
the
Clergy
gave
him
600.
m.
Crowns
,
the
Nobility
400.
m.
and
the
Cominalty
one
million
of
Gold
,
to
hansell
their
new
King
.
The
carriage
and
courage
of
the
Vice
Queen
the
Dutchesse
of
Savoy
was
very
commendable
in
these
confusions
,
for
wheras
the
new
King
sent
her
a
complement
to
ascertain
her
of
such
civilities
that
were
sutable
to
a
Princesse
of
her
Rank
,
provided
she
wold
forbear
all
discourse
and
practises
wherby
to
infuse
any
opinion
prejudiciall
to
the
now
establishd
Government
,
yet
she
notwithstanding
with
much
stoutnes
(
but
with
expressions
of
thankfulnes
to
the
Duke
,
for
she
wold
not
stile
him
King
)
fell
into
a
large
and
grave
exhortation
to
those
Nobles
that
were
sent
to
her
to
lay
aside
all
vain
hopes
,
and
not
to
cozen
themselves
,
but
to
return
to
their
old
alleagance
according
as
they
were
obligd
by
oath
,
not
doubting
but
they
should
all
find
pardon
.
Thus
what
the
Spaniard
had
possessd
in
so
much
peace
for
sixty
yeers
,
was
snatchd
away
from
him
in
less
then
six
dayes
;
news
hereof
being
brought
to
Madrid
,
it
strook
a
strange
consternation
in
the
thoughts
of
all
people
,
but
Olivares
came
smiling
to
the
King●
saying
,
Sir
,
I
pray
give
me
las
albricias
to
hansell
the
good
news
,
for
now
you
are
more
absolute
King
of
Portugal
then
ever
,
for
the
people
have
forfeited
all
their
Priviledges
by
this
rebellion
,
besides
the
Estate
of
the
Duke
of
Braganza
,
with
all
his
Complices
are
yours
by
right
of
confiscation
,
so
that
you
have
enough
to
distribute
among
your
old
Loyall
Servants
by
way
of
reward
:
But
herein
Olivares
did
notably
dissemble
his
passion
,
for
it
was
discoverd
that
these
sad
tydings
sunk
deeper
into
him
th●n
any
.
The
new
King
Iohn
was
married
to
a
Castilian
the
Duke
of
Medinas
Sister
,
who
was
Governor
in
chief
in
Andaluzia
,
therfo●e
upon
som
Ombrages
of
fear
that
he
might
be
seducd
,
he
was
by
a
plausible
message
sent
for
to
Madrid
,
but
as
soon
as
he
came
his
person
was
securd
,
and
another
sent
to
succeed
him
.
Upon
the
first
intelligence
that
came
to
Spain
how
Bragansa
had
bin
proclaimd
,
King
Philip
sent
him
a
Letter
to
this
effect
.
Duke
and
Cosen
,
som
odd
news
are
brought
me
lately
which
I
esteem
but
folly
,
considering
the
proof
I
have
had
of
the
fidelity
of
your
house
,
give
me
advertisement
accordingly
,
because
I
ought
to
expect
it
from
you
;
Do
not
draw
a
trouble
upon
your self
,
and
hazard
not
the
esteem
I
make
of
your
life
,
to
the
fury
of
a
mutinous
rabble
,
but
let
your
wisdom
comport
you
so
,
that
your
person
may
escape
the
danger
,
my
Councell
will
advise
you
further
:
So
God
guard
you
,
your
Cosen
and
King
.
Unto
this
Letter
answer
was
made
as
followeth
.
My
Cosen
,
my
Kingdom
desiring
its
naturall
King
,
and
my
Subjects
being
oppressd
with
Taxes
,
and
new
Impositions
,
have
executed
without
oposition
that
which
they
had
oftentimes
designd
,
by
giving
me
the
possession
of
a
Kingdom
which
appertains
unto
me
,
wherfore
if
any
will
go
about
to
take
it
from
me
,
I
will
seek
justice
in
my
Armes
;
defence
being
allowable
,
God
preserve
your
Majesty
,
DON
JOHN
the
fourth
,
King
of
PORTVGALL
.
THis
huge
loss
and
horrid
disaster
gave
a
shrewd
alarm
to
the
Spanish
Monarchy
,
for
there
fe●l
from
her
by
this
revolt
the
East-Indies
,
the
Tercera
,
Islands
,
the
Kingdom
of
Algarve
,
Brasile
,
and
all
she
had
in
Afric
,
except
the
Town
of
Ceuta
,
which
is
the
only
appendix
that
remains
to
Spain
of
the
large
Dominions
of
Portugal
,
but
t
is
like
a
small
crust
left
of
a
Christmas
Loaf
.
A
little
before
this
revolt
there
was
a
portentous
strange
accident
hapned
neer
the
Tercera
Ilands
which
are
subject
to
the
Crown
of
Portugal
,
for
in
one
of
them
there
was
a
Town
built
upon
the
Sea-side
under
divers
Clifts
and
Rocks
▪
among
which
there
was
a
great
Lough
,
which
suddenly
one
day
broak
out
into
a
fearfull
fire
,
proceeding
it
seems
from
som
bituminous
matter
in
the
bottom
,
the
flakes
of
fire
and
smoak
did
so
darken
and
obnubilat
the
whole
Region
of
the
Cir●umambient
air
for
many
daies
,
that
they
of
the
Town
beneath
thought
verily
the
day
of
Judg●ent
was
com
,
for
they
could
go
ankle
deep
in
the
ashes
which
the
fire
drove
to
the
streets
,
at
last
the
huge
Lake
came
tumbling
down
the
Hills
,
and
carryed
many
of
them
with
part
of
the
Town
into
the
Sea
:
This
was
held
to
be
an
ominous
thing
and
to
presage
som
great
change
;
but
the
yeer
following
there
hapned
a
stranger
thing
,
for
a
new
Iland
poppd
out
of
the
Sea
therabouts
,
and
peed
above
water
which
was
never
seen
before
.
Now
●is
worth
the
while
considering
what
a
mighty
alteration
it
hath
made
in
the
Christian
World
,
to
set
down
the
right
of
title
,
that
both
the
King
of
Spain
,
and
the
house
of
Bragansa
hath
to
the
Crown
of
Portugal
,
therfore
we
will
plant
here
the
Tree
of
their
Genealogy
,
that
the
Reader
may
pass
his
judgment
accordingly
.
The
fortunat
and
famous
Alphonso
having
in
the
yeer
1139.
obtaind
a
mighty
battell
against
the
Moors
in
Portugal
,
by
the
unanimous
consent
of
the
people
he
was
chosen
King
,
and
solemnly
Crownd
in
Lamego
,
and
his
Posterity
made
capable
to
succeed
him
to
all
perpetuity
;
all
which
was
confirmd
afterwards
by
the
Pope
▪
Among
other
Lawes
which
the
three
Estates
being
assembled
at
Lamego
did
enact
,
one
was
this
;
Let
it
be
a
Law
for
ever
that
the
King
of
Portugals
eldest
Daughter
marry
a
Native
of
Portugal
that
so
the
Crown
never
descend
to
a
stranger
;
and
in
case
she
shold
marry
to
a
Prince
who
is
a
stranger
let
her
not
be
Queen
,
for
we
will
never
have
our
Kingdom
go
out
of
the
Race
of
the
Portugals
,
who
have
made
us
Kings
by
their
own
valor
,
and
by
the
effusion
of
their
own
blood
without
forraign
assistance
.
Now
Don
Emanuel
was
the
fourteenth
King
of
Portugal
from
Don
Alphonso
,
and
had
for
his
Issue
six
Sons
and
two
Daughters
,
as
followeth
.
-
1.
The
Prince
Don
Iohn
his
eldest
.
-
2.
The
Infanta
Donna
Beatrix
,
who
was
married
to
the
Emperor
Charles
the
fift
,
by
whom
he
had
Philip
the
second
.
-
3.
The
Infanta
Dona
,
married
to
Emanuel
Duke
of
Savoy
.
-
4.
The
Infant
Don
Luis
who
left
behind
Don
Antonid
an
illegitimat
Son
.
-
5.
The
Infant
Don
Fernando
dyed
without
Issue
.
-
6.
The
Infant
Don
Alfonso
Arch-bishop
of
Lisbon
,
and
Cardinal
never
married
.
-
7.
The
Infant
Don
Henry
Cardinal
and
Arch-bishop
of
Dragon
.
-
●
.
The
Infant
Don
Edward
who
left
two
Daughters
,
the
eldest
was
Mary
Wife
out
of
the
Kingdom
to
Alexander
Farnesse
Duke
of
Panna
,
the
younger
was
married
to
Don
Iohn
Duke
of
Bragansa
.
After
the
death
of
Emanuel
succeeded
his
eldest
Son
Don
Iohn
who
was
named
before
,
and
was
called
Iohn
the
third
,
whose
onely
Son
called
also
Iohn
dying
before
his
Father
,
left
behind
him
Don
Sebastian
who
succeeded
his
Grand-father
,
and
was
slain
without
Issue
at
that
notable
battell
in
Barbary
1578.
where
most
of
the
Nobility
and
Flower
of
Portugal
did
also
fall
:
Upon
the
death
of
Sebastian
the
Crown
returnd
to
the
eldest
Survivor
of
his
Grand-fathers
Brothers
,
viz.
Henry
the
Cardinal
,
whose
old
age
as
well
as
his
Function
made
him
incapable
of
marriage
,
he
raignd
peaceably
two
ye●rs
;
After
his
death
there
were
no
less
then
eight
Pretenders
to
the
Crown
.
1.
The
People
claimd
right
to
elect
their
own
King
,
jure
Regni
.
2.
The
Pope
challengd
Iure
divino
to
be
Arbiter
herein
,
in
regard
that
Alfonso
the
first
King
made
himself
Feudetary
to
the
See
of
Rome
.
3.
Don
Antonio
gave
out
he
was
no
Bastard
,
but
his
Father
Don
Luis
was
lawfully
married
.
4.
Katherine
de
Medici
Queen
Regent
of
France
,
claimd
a
right
as
descending
from
Don
Alphonso
the
third
,
since
whom
al●
the
Kings
of
Portugal
have
bin
no
better
then
Usurpers
.
5.
Philibert
Duke
of
Savoy
,
Son
to
one
of
King
Emanuels
Daughters
.
6.
Ranuccio
Duke
of
Parma
claimd
the
Crown
in
right
of
his
Mother
Mary
,
Daughter
to
Don
Duarte
King
Emanuels
youngest
Son
.
7.
Katherine
Dutchesse
of
Braganza
claimd
the
Crown
as
being
born
in
Portugal
,
wheras
all
the
rest
were
Aliens
,
according
to
the
Primitive
Law
made
in
Don
Alphonsos
time
.
8.
Philip
the
second
claimd
the
Crown
by
right
of
his
Mother
the
Empresse
,
being
Heir
Male
of
Don
Emanuels
eldest
Daughter
.
Now
touching
the
first
Pretender
,
which
was
the
people
,
it
was
answerd
,
that
untill
the
Royall
Line
of
a
Kingdom
be
quite
extinct
there
can
be
no
right
of
Election
in
them
.
Touching
the
Titles
of
the
rest
they
were
solemnly
debated
in
many
Universities
,
but
most
concluded
for
King
Philip
,
first
in
regard
that
the
Kingdom
of
Portugal
had
bin
before
Alphonsos
time
,
An
:
1138.
under
the
protection
of
the
Crowns
of
Castile
and
Leon
wherof
he
was
King
.
Secondly
,
because
he
could
not
properly
be
calld
an
Alien
,
because
he
was
born
upon
the
Continent
of
Spain
,
wherof
Portugal
is
part
,
being
calld
according
to
the
old
division
Hispania
Lusitanica
.
Thirdly
he
might
claim
it
,
a
digniori
partu
,
because
he
was
the
first
Male
of
an
Empress
,
who
had
bin
also
first
Daughter
of
Portugal
.
Besides
this
fatall
defection
of
the
Kingdom
of
Portugal
,
with
the
sundry
Dominions
far
and
neer
,
that
belongd
unto
it
;
there
were
many
other
cross
traverses
besides
that
happend
to
the
Spanish
Monarchy
;
There
was
an
illfavourd
fire
kindled
in
Palermo
in
Sicily
,
which
by
a
popular
fury
did
so
rage
,
and
was
like
to
be
so
destructive
that
the
Marquess
de
los
Velez
the
then
Vice-roy
,
was
forcd
to
publish
a
Manifesto
,
wherin
to
content
the
rabble
;
he
took
off
and
abolishd
to
perpetuity
the
Taxes
that
were
layed
upon
Meat
,
Wine
,
Oyle
,
and
Cheese
:
Moreover
the
people
having
in
the
sayed
Mutiny
broke
open
the
Prisons
and
let
out
the
Prisoners
,
the
Vice-roy
was
constraind
to
publish
another
Instrument
wherin
he
pardond
all
such
Prisoners
,
as
also
those
who
let
them
out
,
and
all
this
was
don
,
sub
verbo
&
fide
Regia
.
The
Kingdom
of
Naples
which
is
also
Sicily
(
beyond
the
Phare
a
little
arm
of
the
Sea
,
and
thought
at
the
Creation
to
be
one
entire
continent
)
having
intelligence
how
well
their
Neighbours
and
Fellow-subjects
had
sped
,
the
tother
side
by
that
popular
Insurrection
,
thought
that
they
were
as
free
born
people
as
the
Sicilian
,
and
did
contribute
more
to
the
Spanish
greatnes
,
their
Donatives
,
therfore
they
might
very
well
deserve
and
expect
as
good
usage
as
they
:
There
had
bin
not
long
before
a
new
Tax
layd
upon
all
Fruits
green
&
dry
,
which
amounted
to
about
eighty
thousand
Duckets
yeerly
.
The
Duke
of
Arcos
then
Vice-roy
was
often
told
that
there
was
an
universall
muttering
at
this
Tax
,
which
might
beget
dangerous
consequences
:
Hereupon
som
Commissioners
were
appointed
to
consult
how
som
other
way
might
be
taken
to
raise
monies
for
the
King
,
as
also
to
repay
those
sums
that
had
bin
imprested
,
and
already
lent
upon
the
credit
of
the
sayed
Fruit
Tax
.
At
that
time
there
was
in
Naples
a
young
fellow
about
four
and
twenty
yeers
old
,
who
got
his
living
by
retayling
of
Fish
up
and
down
,
he
was
of
a
stirring
and
spritfull
humor
,
of
a
confident
speech
and
utterance
:
This
poor
Retayler
of
Fish
calld
Thomas
Anello
and
by
contraction
Masanello
,
observing
what
discontents
and
mutterings
raignd
in
every
corner
about
this
Tax
upon
fruit
,
with
divers
others
;
and
the
next
day
meeting
with
a
great
company
of
boyes
in
the
Market-place
,
he
made
them
follow
him
up
and
down
the
streets
,
with
sticks
and
Canes
in
their
hands
,
making
them
cry
out
,
Let
the
Pope
live
,
let
the
King
of
Spain
live
,
but
let
the
ill
Government
perish
.
This
and
such
like
Doctrine
being
infusd
by
Masanello
into
his
young
Schollers
,
the
Shop-keepers
laught
at
him
as
he
went
,
asking
him
whether
he
were
not
frantic
or
foolish
,
but
he
told
them
,
yee
laugh
at
me
now
,
but
you
shall
see
shortly
what
Masanello
can
do
,
let
me
alone
,
if
I
do
not
free
you
from
the
Slavery
of
so
many
Taxes
let
me
be
held
infamous
for
ever
.
At
which
Speech
the
laughter
encreasd
,
but
Masanello
grew
more
and
more
intentious
about
the
work
,
so
that
he
enrol●d
the
names
of
divers
boyes
twixt
16
,
17
,
and
18.
yeers
old
,
so
that
at
last
he
made
a
Regiment
of
two
thousand
,
the
next
day
being
a
Festivall
,
he
marchd
with
his
brigade
of
boyes
after
him
,
and
it
chancd
that
being
in
the
Market-place
the
Fruiterers
,
and
Costermongers
,
or
Shop-keers
fell
out
about
the
paying
of
the
new
Tax
,
and
the
baskets
of
Fruits
were
thrown
down
,
and
the
boyes
fell
a
gathering
and
eating
of
them
in
the
streets
,
Masanello
encouraging
them
all
the
while
;
hereupon
the
Lord
Anaclerio
the
elect
of
the
people
,
threatning
him
with
whipping
and
the
Gallies
,
not
only
the
Fruiterers
but
other
people
threw
Apples
and
Pears
into
Lord
Anaclerios
face
,
and
Masanello
gave
him
a
good
thump
upon
the
breast
with
a
stone
;
So
with
much
ado
the
Lord
Elect
broke
his
way
in
a
Coach
through
the
crowd
▪
and
leaping
into
a
Boat
or
Feluca
he
scapd
.
Upon
these
hope●ull
beginnings
the
Rabble
flockd
together
in
many
places
protesting
to
pay
no
more
Gabell
,
and
crying
still
let
the
King
live
and
the
ill
Government
dy
;
So
now
Masanello
began
to
be
attended
with
men
as
well
as
boyes
,
and
leaping
up
upon
a
stall
which
was
in
the
Market-place
among
the
Fruiterers
,
he
sayed
with
a
loud
voice
to
this
effect
,
making
this
noble
Speech
as
if
he
had
bin
inspird
.
Rejoyce
my
dear
Companions
,
and
Country-men
,
give
God
thanks
and
the
glorious
Virgin
,
the
time
of
our
redemption
draws
neer
.
This
poor
Fisher-man
barefooted
whom
you
see
,
shall
a●
another
Moses
who
freed
the
Israelites
from
Pharaohs
Rod
,
free
you
in
like
manner
from
all
Gabels
and
Impositions
;
It
was
a
Fisher-man
,
I
mean
Saint
Peter
,
who
reducd
Rome
from
Satans
slavery
to
the
liberty
of
Christ
;
Now
another
Fisher-man
who
is
Masanello
shall
release
Naples
,
and
with
the
City
of
Naples
a
whole
Kingdom
from
the
tyranny
of
Tolls
.
From
henceforth
yee
shall
shake
off
your
necks
the
intolerable
yoke
of
so
many
grievances
which
have
depressd
your
spirits
hitherto
;
To
effect
which
I
do
not
care
a
rush
to
be
torn
in
peeces
,
and
dragd
up
and
down
the
gutters
of
Naples
:
Let
all
the
blood
of
my
body
spin
out
of
my
veins
,
let
this
head
skip
off
my
sholders
by
a
fatal
steel
,
&
be
pearchd
up
in
this
Market-place
upon
a
Pole
,
yet
I
shall
dy
contented
and
glorious
,
it
will
be
an
honor
and
a
triumph
unto
me
that
my
life
and
blood
perishd
in
so
glorious
a
Conquest
.
This
Speech
did
wonderfully
work
upon
the
people
,
whose
hearts
were
ready
to
cooperat
with
him
,
so
for
a
handsom
beginning
the
Toll-house
for
Fruit
with
all
the
books
of
accounts
were
burnt
to
the
ground
,
with
much
of
the
Customers
goods
which
were
shewd
there
:
Hereupon
the
Shops
were
shut
up
and
down
almost
through
all
the
City
,
and
the
Keepers
of
them
went
to
other
quarters
of
the
City
where
the
Toll-houses
for
Corn
,
Flesh
,
Fish
,
Salt
,
Wine
,
Oyle
,
Cheese
,
and
Silk
,
stood
,
all
which
they
burnt
to
the
very
earth
,
withall
the
writing
and
Custom
house
books
,
as
also
all
the
Hangings
and
Houshold-stuff
were
hurld
into
a
great
Straw-fire
,
together
with
som
Chests
of
moneys
and
Plate
,
and
all
burnt
:
And
in
this
confusion
there
was
this
strickt
point
of
Government
already
,
that
it
was
de●th
for
any
one
to
pourloin
or
take
away
any
thing
out
of
the
fire
for
his
own
use
.
The
people
all
this
while
having
met
with
no
opposition
at
all
,
grew
to
be
above
ten
thousand
in
number
,
and
they
made
towards
the
Vice-roys
Palace
,
many
of
them
holding
loafs
of
bread
upon
the
tops
of
their
Pikes
,
which
was
then
very
deer
,
because
of
the
Toll
upon
corn
▪
There
were
som
among
the
Brigads
of
boyes
who
carried
black
clowts
upon
the
tops
of
their
Canes
,
crying
out
in
dolorous
notes
as
they
passd
,
Have
pitty
upon
these
poor
Souls
in
Purgatory
,
who
not
being
able
to
endure
so
many
grievances
seek
how
they
may
escape
away
;
O
brothers
joyn
with
us
,
O
sisters
assist
us
in
so
just
a
cause
:
In
such
dolefull
tones
they
went
about
,
and
coming
to
Saint
Iames
Prison
they
freed
there
all
the
Prisoners
and
admitted
them
to
their
Society
:
At
last
they
came
under
the
Vice-roys
window
and
made
a
hideous
cry
,
that
they
wold
be
freed
not
only
of
the
Fruit
Gabell
,
but
of
all
other
,
specially
that
of
Corn
;
The
Vice-roy
out
of
his
Balcone
promisd
them
very
fair
to
take
off
quite
the
Fruit
Tax
,
&
half
of
that
of
Corn
,
but
this
not
suffizing
they
rusht
into
the
Vice-roys
Palace
,
notwithstanding
the
German
and
Spanish
Guards
which
were
there
,
and
breaking
through
all
the
Rooms
they
came
at
last
to
that
Room
where
the
Vice-roy
was
shut
up
under
lock
,
which
they
broke
open
,
but
the
Vice-king
was
fled
,
and
thinking
to
go
to
the
Castle
where
his
Lady
was
retired
,
he
found
the
Draw-bridg
up
,
and
so
came
back
and
fled
to
a
Franciscan
Monastery
;
while
the
Rabble
was
in
his
Palace
they
did
much
mischief
,
and
pursuing
him
still
,
and
understanding
that
he
was
retired
to
the
Monastery
,
he
was
forcd
to
com
out
and
to
shew
himself
.
The
people
then
though
in
the
height
of
fury
grew
somwhat
more
temperat
,
saying
,
Most
excellent
Sir
,
for
the
passion
of
God
disburden
us
of
these
Gabells
who
suck
our
blood
,
let
us
but
breath
and
have
no
more
slavery
.
The
Vice-roy
giving
them
the
charmingst
language
he
could
,
causd
little
Cedules
signed
by
himself
and
seald
with
the
Kings
Seal
affixed
,
to
be
dispersd
amongst
them
,
wherin
the
sayd
Tolls
were
taken
off
;
afterwards
he
threw
som
peeces
of
gold
and
Rials
of
eight
among
them
,
so
by
that
costly
cunning
be
got
away
from
among
the
Rabble
for
that
time
,
to
a
Church
hard
by
where
they
still
pursued
him
,
and
wold
not
be
satisfied
till
they
had
a
perfect
Instrument
for
the
taking
off
the
Tax
upon
Fruit
and
bread
,
the
confusion
grew
higher
and
higher
till
the
Arch-bishop
Filomarmi
came
,
to
whom
they
shewd
som
reverence
being
their
Metropolitan
and
common
Father
,
and
he
at
last
brought
them
an
Instrument
signd
by
the
Vice-roy
for
abolishing
the
foresayd
Tolls
;
so
that
gave
som
contentment
for
the
present
,
but
the
Torrent
encreasd
presently
with
greater
floods
of
water
,
for
that
Instrument
of
the
Vice-kings
being
read
in
the
Market-place
,
the
cry
was
that
it
was
imperfect
,
for
they
wold
be
free
from
all
kinds
of
Tolls
since
the
time
of
Charles
the
Emperor
,
Hereupon
they
went
to
the
Prince
of
Bisignano
the
chief
of
the
Caraffas
desiring
him
to
be
their
Leader
and
Advocat
to
the
Vice-roy
;
he
went
with
them
and
being
com
to
the
great
Church
de
Carmine
,
he
stood
up
in
a
high
place
with
a
Crucifix
in
his
hands
,
and
conjurd
the
people
for
the
love
of
God
and
the
most
blessed
Virgin
,
to
be
pacified
a
while
,
and
he
promisd
them
by
oath
,
to
procure
for
them
from
the
Vice-roy
whatsoever
they
desird
:
But
this
wold
not
quiet
them
,
but
they
rushd
into
the
Prisons
and
set
loose
the
Prisoners
;
They
went
to
the
Dogana
or
Toll-house
for
Corn
,
with
Faggots
on
their
backs
,
and
pitch
and
fire
in
their
hands
in
a
great
fury
:
Prince
Bisignano
not
being
able
to
take
them
off
though
he
labourd
earnestly
,
they
put
fire
on
all
sides
,
and
besides
the
houses
,
they
turnd
rich
Houshold
stuff
,
Sedias
,
and
ready
money
all
to
ashes
.
The
Prince
being
but
crazy
in
point
of
health
,
grew
weary
of
heeding
such
an
unruly
Rabble
,
therfore
he
rid
himself
of
them
at
last
by
a
Stratagem
;
The
people
hearing
that
Bisignano
was
gon
,
&
wanting
a
Head
they
cryed
out
for
Masanello
,
who
having
accepted
of
it
,
he
began
more
eagerly
then
ever
to
invite
the
people
,
insomuch
that
he
in
lieu
of
water
to
quench
this
fire
threw
Oyle
upon
t
to
make
it
burn
more
furious
.
The
next
day
Másanello
Captain-like
divided
the
people
into
Companies
and
Regiments
,
nothing
but
clashing
of
Armes
within
the
City
,
whether
the
Country
Swains
came
with
Pikeaxes
Shovels
and
Spades
;
Nay
,
the
women
appeard
armd
with
Shovels
,
Spits
,
and
Broaches
,
and
the
common
cry
went
Let
the
King
live
and
the
Toll
perish
,
our
Gabels
our
Tolls
,
let
them
go
to
the
Devill
to
maintain
his
Kingdom
of
darknes
;
let
the
Raisers
of
them
those
Dogs
dy
,
who
being
transformd
to
Wolfs
have
devoured
the
flesh
of
innocent
Lambs
,
let
them
vomit
the
blood
they
have
suckd
into
the
Cinders
of
their
burnt
Wealth
,
those
domestic
and
insatiable
Leeches
of
Naples
,
let
these
Drones
and
Wasps
be
driven
away
who
have
suckd
the
sweet
Hony
of
the
Bees
.
With
such
cries
and
screekings
they
stounded
the
very
air
in
such
pitteous
accents
,
which
were
enough
to
soften
the
hardest
Marble
,
and
draw
tears
from
the
Pumice
stone
.
Thus
horror
,
blood
and
amazements
raignd
in
every
corner
;
so
order
was
sent
by
Masanello
to
all
the
thirty
six
Precincts
of
Naples
to
arm
under
an
irremissible
penalty
of
having
their
houses
burnt
;
Now
there
being
som
want
of
Gun-powder
they
went
to
a
house
to
buy
som
,
but
being
refusd
they
threw
fird
Matches
into
the
house
,
which
taking
hold
of
the
Powder-barrels
blew
up
above
sixty
Inhabitans
,
and
it
gave
such
a
crack
as
the
Galeon
som
daies
before
did
in
the
Port
which
was
blown
up
,
being
not
known
whether
it
was
done
by
chance
,
or
by
pure
malice
;
Then
they
went
to
the
Kings
Magazin
of
Powder
,
but
there
was
a
course
taken
with
that
before
,
for
the
Kings
Labourers
had
put
it
in
water
,
by
way
of
prevention
;
In
the
Interim
the
Vice-roy
fortifieth
himself
in
Castle
nuovo
having
taken
in
a
thousand
Germans
at
the
Gates
,
eight
hundred
Spaniards
with
a
thousand
Italians
,
well
armd
with
Pike
and
Musket
;
The
Vice-roy
sent
a
Note
to
Masanello
(
the
Generalissimo
of
the
Rabble
)
by
som
of
the
collaterall
Councell
,
wherin
he
promisd
to
take
off
all
Gabels
as
was
desird
,
but
this
wold
not
suffice
,
but
Masanello
wold
have
have
a
●estitution
of
the
priviledges
granted
by
Charles
the
Emperor
,
whose
Statue
he
had
over
the
door
of
his
house
;
he
proposd
also
that
the
Clerk
of
the
Market
shold
be
nominated
for
the
future
,
by
the
faithfull
people
of
Naples
,
that
the
old
office
of
Capo
popolo
shold
be
revivd
,
and
that
he
shold
be
namd
by
the
Citizens
without
any
recourse
to
the
Vice-roys
.
Hereupon
the
Vice-roy
sent
the
Duke
of
Matalare
,
with
divers
other
popular
Lords
to
ride
up
and
down
the
City
and
to
assure
them
that
his
excellency
was
ready
to
give
all
possible
satisfaction
:
They
answerd
,
that
they
desird
no
more
but
to
have
the
priviledges
of
Charles
the
Emperor
restord
,
wherby
it
was
decreed
that
no
new
impositions
should
he
layd
upon
the
faithfull
people
of
Naples
without
the
consent
of
the
holy
Apostolic
See
;
Now
since
all
Gabels
from
that
time
have
bin
imposd
without
his
consent
;
som
few
of
small
consequence
excepted
,
it
was
just
they
shold
be
abolishd
;
Moreover
the
people
desird
the
Original
of
those
priviledges
of
Charles
quinto
which
was
in
the
Archives
of
Saint
Laurence
:
The
Lord
chief
Prior
was
employed
to
find
out
the
sayed
Original
which
he
shewd
the
people
,
but
som
doubting
whether
it
was
a
counterfeit
one
,
the
good
old
Prior
had
met
with
death
,
had
he
not
found
a
way
of
escape
.
There
was
appointed
to
be
about
the
person
of
Masanello
an
old
Priest
by
name
Genovino
,
a●
also
a
notable
Bandito
calld
Perrone
,
these
two
being
Coadiutors
to
Masanello
gave
out
a
list
of
sixty
and
odd
Houses
or
Palaces
rather
,
of
them
who
had
farmd
the
Gabels
from
time
to
time
,
who
having
enrichd
themselves
,
and
grown
fat
with
the
blood
of
the
people
,
it
was
thought
fit
that
they
shold
be
made
examples
and
a
terror
to
others
,
so
the
sayd
houses
with
abundance
of
most
costly
houshold-stuff
,
as
also
their
Coaches
and
their
Coach-horses
were
pittifully
burnt
,
and
with
so
much
order
and
neatnes
of
hand
that
he
hazarded
his
life
who
shold
embezel
the
least
thing
,
therupon
one
taking
away
but
a
little
Towell
was
killd
,
another
for
the
Crouper
of
a
horse
had
fifty
lashes
,
and
divers
other
after
they
had
confessd
to
their
Ghostly
Fathers
,
were
hangd
up
by
the
sole
command
of
Masanello
;
And
it
was
very
dangerous
to
shew
any
countenance
of
pitty
at
the
burning
of
the
sayed
houses
;
besides
all
kind
of
rich
Utensiles
,
there
were
Pictures
,
Bracelets
,
chains
of
Gold
,
with
great
store
of
ready
money
thrown
into
the
raging
fire
in
the
Market-place
,
with
huge
out-cryes
of
the
people
round
about
in
such
words
,
These
Goods
are
our
bloods
,
and
as
they
burn
so
the
souls
of
th●se
Dogs
who
own
them
deserve
to
fry
in
Hell-fire
.
While
the
people
wer
thus
raging
,
the
Vice-roy
by
the
advice
of
the
great
Collaterall
Councell
,
had
causd
an
Instrument
to
be
fairly
printed
,
contianing
an
abolition
of
all
Gabels
since
Charles
the
fift
,
and
besides
a
generall
pardon
to
all
;
This
Instrument
was
sent
to
the
Market-place
,
and
the
Vice-roy
finding
that
the
Noble-men
were
out
of
request
with
the
people
,
he
imployed
two
Advocates
to
treat
with
them
,
but
all
wold
not
do
,
for
they
found
som
flaw
in
the
sayed
Instrument
,
therfore
they
demanded
the
Original
of
the
grand
priviledg
given
by
Charles
the
fifth
.
The
people
in
this
condition
were
like
a
huge
River
,
which
by
an
extraordinary
glut
of
Rain
having
broke
her
banks
,
and
risen
out
of
her
wonted
bed
to
ramble
abroad
,
can
hardly
be
brought
in
again
:
The
Vice-roy
and
Councell
labourd
to
make
up
the
breaches
,
but
all
yet
in
vain
;
so
they
continued
still
burning
the
houses
of
the
Gabeliers
or
Customers
,
and
finding
in
one
of
their
houses
the
Picture
of
the
present
King
of
Spain
,
they
preservd
it
and
carried
it
publickly
up
and
down
the
streets
with
this
cry
,
Let
our
King
live
a
thousand
years
,
and
the
ill
Government
●ternally
perish
,
Among
others
which
went
armd
there
was
a
Regiment
of
women
which
went
strutting
up
and
down
the
streets
with
Muskets
on
their
sholders
,
and
som
with
Pikes
,
at
last
the
grand
Priviledg
of
Carlos
quinto
was
found
,
and
as
the
last
remedy
it
was
sent
from
the
Vice-roy
by
Filomarini
the
common
Father
of
the
Citty
,
being
Arch-bishop
therof
,
to
the
Market-place
,
with
a
writing
underneath
,
wherin
the
Vice-roy
obligd
himself
to
observe
firmly
for
the
future
every
particular
of
the
sayed
Character
which
he
desired
shold
be
publisht
in
the
great
Church
of
Carmine
,
which
Filomarini
did
accordingly
in
a
most
solemn
manner
,
and
presently
therupon
this
Proclamation
issued
.
Philip
by
the
grace
of
God
King
,
&c.
Don
Rodrigo
Pone
de
Leon
Duke
of
Arcos
,
We
by
an
everlasting
Priviledg
,
do
grant
to
the
most
faithfull
people
of
this
most
faithful
Citty
of
Naples
,
that
all
Gabels
and
Impositions
be
extinct
and
abolishd
which
were
layd
upon
the
Citty
of
Naples
and
the
Kingdom
from
the
time
of
the
Emperor
Charles
the
fift
of
happy
memory
until
this
hour
:
Moreover
we
grant
a
generall
pard●n
for
any
offence
whatsoever
,
committed
since
the
beginning
of
this
present
revolution
to
this
point
of
time
,
as
also
for
every
offence
and
inquisition
passd
that
related
to
the
sayed
Revolution
,
Given
in
Castle
novo
,
10th
.
July
1647.
El
Duca
de
Arcos
,
Donato
coppola
Secretary
to
the
Kingdom
,
The
sixth
day
after
the
Composition
Masanello
was
made
Generalissimo
or
Tribune
of
the
people
,
and
by
the
advice
of
Cardinal
Filomarini
was
inducd
to
have
a
Parley
with
the
Vice-roy
in
the
Castle
,
therfore
he
clad
himself
in
cloath
of
Silver
,
with
a
huge
Plume
of
Feathers
in
his
Hat
,
mounted
upon
a
gallant
Courser
,
with
a
naked
Sword
in
one
hand
,
and
in
this
Equipage
he
marchd
to
the
Castle
attended
by
50.
M.
armd
men
,
the
Cardinals
Coach
came
next
Masanello
,
and
upon
the
left
side
of
the
Coach
Mareo
d'
Amalphi
Masanellos
brother
,
did
ride
all
in
cloath
of
Gold
being
also
well
mounted
and
having
Sword
and
Dagger
sutable
:
The
Captain
of
the
Vice-roys
Guard
,
but
without
Armes
came
a
horse-back
to
meet
Masanello
saluting
him
in
the
name
of
his
Master
,
and
welcoming
him
to
the
Castle
,
where
being
entred
he
made
a
Speech
unto
the
people
,
to
this
effect
.
My
dear
and
much
beloved
people
,
let
us
give
God
thanks
with
eternall
sounds
of
Iubile
,
that
we
have
recov●rd
our
former
liberties
,
but
who
would
have
thought
we
shold
have
com
to
so
fair
a
pass
;
They
may
seem
Dreams
or
Fables
,
yet
you
see
they
are
reall
Truths
,
let
infinite
thanks
be
given
to
Heaven
,
and
to
the
most
blessed
Virgin
of
Carmine
,
and
to
the
paternall
benignity
of
this
most
Reverend
Bishop
our
Shepheard
;
Then
he
took
from
his
bosom
the
Charter
of
Charles
the
fifth
,
with
the
new
confirmation
signd
by
the
Vice-roy
and
Collaterall
Councell
,
and
with
a
loud
voice
,
sayed
,
now
are
we
exempted
and
free
from
all
Gabels
,
we
are
easd
of
so
many
weights
,
all
Impositions
are
taken
off
,
now
is
restord
the
dear
liberty
in
which
rests
the
happy
memory
of
King
Ferdinand
and
Charles
the
Emperor
,
I
for
my
own
particular
desire
not
any
thing
,
I
do
not
pretend
any
thing
but
public
good
as
this
most
Reverend
Arch-bishop
knows
well
;
I
told
him
often
of
my
right
intentions
,
I
was
offerd
two
hundred
Crowns
a
month
during
life
provided
I
shold
proceed
no
further
,
but
wold
be
an
Instrument
to
accomodate
all
things
,
I
ever
refusd
the
offer
:
Moreover
had
it
not
bin
to
perform
the
promise
I
was
tyed
in
to
his
Eminence
,
I
wold
not
have
apparrelld
my self
as
you
see
me
,
I
wold
never
have
shaken
of
my
Mariners
we●ds
,
for
I
was
born
such
,
such
a
one
I
livd
,
and
such
a
one
I
mean
to
live
and
dy
:
After
the
fishing
of
public
Liberty
which
I
have
made
in
the
tempestuous
Sea
of
this
afflicted
Citty
,
I
will
return
to
my
Hook
and
Line
,
not
reserving
to
my self
as
much
as
a
nail
for
my
own
dwelling
;
I
desire
no
more
of
you
but
when
I
am
dead
you
wold
every
one
say
an
Ave
Maria
for
me
,
do
you
promise
me
this
?
Yes
,
they
cryed
out
but
a
hundred
yeers
hence
▪
he
replyed
,
I
thank
you
,
desiring
you
not
to
lay
down
your
Armes
till
a
Confirmation
com
from
Spain
,
of
all
these
Priviledges
from
the
King
our
Soveraign
,
trust
not
the
Nobility
for
they
are
Traytors
▪
and
our
Enemies
;
I
go
to
negotiat
with
the
Vice-roy
,
and
within
an
houre
you
shall
see
me
again
,
or
at
least
to
morrow
morning
,
but
if
to
morrow
I
be
not
with
you
,
put
to
fire
and
sword
the
whole
Citty
:
Well
,
well
though
what
hath
hitherto
passd
hath
not
much
pleasd
the
Vice-roy
,
yet
his
Majesty
will
find
that
he
hath
not
lost
any
thing
by
it
,
only
som
of
the
Nobility
(
our
Enemies
)
have
lost
by
it
,
who
will
return
to
their
former
beggery
,
those
ravenous
Wolfs
who
bought
and
sold
our
bloods
,
never
regarding
the
glory
of
God
,
the
service
of
his
Majesty
,
or
the
common
good
of
Citty
and
Kingdom
:
Now
the
Temples
of
the
Spanish
Monarchy
shall
be
adornd
with
the
most
precious
Crown
that
ever
she
bore
upon
her
head
;
that
which
shall
be
given
by
us
hereafter
shall
be
all
the
Kings
,
and
not
as
in
former
times
,
for
when
we
gave
him
any
treasure
it
vanisht
away
,
and
was
half
drunk
up
by
his
Officers
.
Having
spoken
thus
,
he
turnd
to
the
Bishop
,
saying
,
most
Eminent
Lord
,
bless
this
people
,
which
he
did
;
so
thinking
to
go
on
with
his
Calvalcata
,
the
number
of
the
people
was
so
great
that
it
filld
all
the
Castle
,
and
so
hindred
the
passage
,
therfore
because
going
to
treat
of
peace
,
t
was
unseemly
that
such
a
confusd
Rout
shold
go
along
;
he
commanded
upon
pain
of
life
that
no
body
shold
make
one
step
further
,
which
was
observd
with
marvellous
obedience
;
so
there
went
only
with
him
Arpaia
,
Genovino
,
his
brother
and
the
Arch-bishop
whom
the
Vice-roy
came
to
meet
to
the
top
of
the
Stairs
,
Masanello
putting
himself
at
his
feet
he
kissd
them
in
the
name
of
the
people
,
thanking
his
Excellence
for
the
grace
he
had
done
them
touching
the
Capitulations
,
saying
,
he
was
com
thither
,
that
his
Excellence
might
do
with
him
whatsoever
he
pleasd
,
either
to
hang
him
,
to
break
him
upon
wheels
,
or
tear
him
with
wild
Horses
;
but
the
Vice-roy
made
him
rise
up
,
saying
,
He
never
knew
him
to
be
culpable
,
or
that
he
had
offended
his
Majesty
in
any
thing
,
therfore
he
may
rejoyce
for
he
shold
alwaies
be
well
regarded
by
him
:
The
Vice-roy
then
brought
him
to
an
open
Balcone
that
the
people
might
see
him
to
avoid
all
jealousies
;
so
they
fairly
concluded
the
peace
and
parted
,
Masanello
being
confirmd
by
the
Vice-roy
to
be
Captain-generall
of
the
people
.
The
next
morning
Masanello
put
off
his
Cloth
of
silver-sute
,
and
took
again
the
Habit
of
a
Marriner
,
yet
was
he
obeyd
and
feard
as
much
as
formerly
:
He
wold
rise
betimes
and
give
audience
in
the
Market-place
out
of
a
window
which
was
in
his
house
,
whither
they
wold
reach
him
Petitions
on
the
tops
of
Pikes
,
he
had
alwaies
an
Archibuz
ready
cockd
hard
by
him
,
which
was
of
som
terror
to
those
who
came
to
petition
or
sollicit
about
any
business
.
By
these
furious
Traverses
and
popular
confusions
matters
at
last
came
to
that
point
of
perfection
that
the
Originall
Charter
of
Charles
the
Emperor
having
bin
publickly
producd
,
revivd
,
and
ratified
,
the
Vice-roy
issued
forth
this
generall
Indulgence
in
the
Kings
name
and
his
own
.
Philip
,
by
the
Grace
of
God
King
,
&c.
Don
Rodrigo
ponce
de
Leon
Duke
of
Arcos
,
We
by
an
everlasting
Priviledg
do
grant
to
the
most
faithfull
people
of
this
most
faithfull
Citty
of
Naples
,
that
all
Gabels
and
Impositions
be
extinct
and
abolishd
which
were
layed
upon
the
sayed
Citty
of
Naples
,
and
the
Kingdom
from
the
time
of
the
Emperor
Charles
the
fift
of
happy
memory
,
untill
this
hower
:
Moreover
we
grant
a
generall
Pardon
for
any
offence
whatsoever
committed
,
since
the
beginning
of
this
present
Revolution
to
this
point
of
time
,
as
also
for
every
●ffence
and
inquisition
passd
that
related
to
the
sayed
Revolution
.
Given
in
Castle
N●ovo
10th
.
of
Iuly
1647.
Subscribed
the
Duke
of
Arcos
.
As
this
was
to
be
publishd
,
there
intervend
an
ill-favord
Accident
which
much
puzzled
the
busines
,
for
there
entred
into
the
City
500.
Banditi
brought
in
by
Perrone
,
who
had
bin
admitted
to
be
a
Confederat
or
Counsellor
to
Masanello
,
after
their
entrance
ther
hapned
som
difference
twixt
them
and
Masanello
upon
a
jealousie
,
that
they
had
intelligence
with
the
Duke
of
Mataloni
(
which
was
true
enough
)
therupon
som
seven
of
those
Banditi
shot
at
one
time
at
Masanello
,
but
none
of
the
bullets
could
penetrat
him
,
but
to
the
astonishment
of
the
world
,
they
only
singd
som
part
of
his
Shirt
and
so
he
dropd
down
;
which
preservation
was
imputed
to
a
Medail
of
the
Lady
of
Carmine
that
he
wore
about
his
neck
.
Perrone
with
most
of
those
Banditi
were
killd
and
executed
,
and
having
found
that
they
had
complotted
with
Mataloni
against
the
people
,
Don
●●seppe
Carasfa
brother
to
the
Duke
of
Mataloni
was
found
out
and
most
miserably
butcherd
by
the
fury
of
the
people
.
Masanello
improvd
every
day
in
strength
and
the
opinion
of
the
people
,
insomuch
that
Perrone
being
now
dead
he
soly
Raignd
,
and
the
Gran
Signor
was
never
obeyed
and
feard
in
Constantinople
as
he
was
in
Naples
.
His
Warrant
alone
was
sufficient
to
fetch
any
ones
head
,
to
fire
and
plunder
any
Palace
as
divers
were
;
he
commanded
that
all
men
shold
go
without
Cloaks
,
Gowns
,
or
wide
Cassocks
,
for
fear
any
Armes
might
be
hid
under
,
and
he
was
generally
obeyd
,
for
Noble-men
and
Church-men
went
up
and
down
the
streets
en
cuerpo
;
He
commanded
also
that
all
women
shold
go
without
Fardingalls
,
and
that
they
shold
tuck
up
their
Coats
when
they
went
to
Church
which
was
punctually
observd
;
he
disarmd
all
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
and
sent
for
what
sums
he
pleasd
from
Merchants
and
others
,
upon
pain
of
fire
and
plunder
.
Those
interruptions
which
the
treaty
of
peace
receivd
by
the
coming
in
of
the
Banditi
,
were
at
l●st
taken
away
by
the
prudent
carriage
of
the
Arch-bishop
Filomarini
,
so
that
at
last
there
was
a
solemn
meeting
of
the
Vice-roy
and
Masanello
in
the
great
Church
of
Naples
,
where
before
the
great
Altar
the
Charter
of
Charls
the
fift
was
read
&
sworn
unto
by
the
Viceroy
with
a
general
pardon
Masanello
standing
all
the
while
with
a
naked
Sword
in
his
hand
on
one
of
the
staires
of
the
Alter
till
all
was
don
:
Then
Te
Deum
was
sung
,
which
with
the
loud
acclamations
of
the
people
made
the
very
walls
to
ring
agen
,
and
re-echo
with
joy
:
After
this
Masanello
did
King
it
higher
and
higher
,
and
one
day
his
Wife
and
Children
went
in
a
stately
Coach
,
she
in
a
Gown
of
cloath
of
Gold
,
and
her
Children
in
Silver
,
to
give
the
Dutchess
of
Arcos
a
visit
in
the
Castle
,
where
she
had
provided
a
sumptuous
Banquet
for
them
,
giving
them
Jewels
and
other
rich
Presents
at
their
departure
,
and
a
little
before
the
end
of
the
Banquet
Masanello
himself
came
very
glorious
,
where
t
was
thought
he
took
a
Figg
which
wrought
afterwards
upon
his
head-peece
,
that
he
became
to
be
twixt
frantic
and
fool
;
he
wold
as
he
went
along
cut
,
slash
,
and
killd
som
,
he
causd
a
Baker
to
be
clapd
in
an
Oven
,
and
burnt
alive
for
making
light-bread
,
one
time
he
leapd
into
the
Sea
clothes
and
all
to
cool
himself
:
He
had
got
a
Catalog
of
all
the
rich
Merchants
and
Cittizens
,
and
sending
for
them
,
he
made
them
under-write
for
payment
of
such
a
sum
for
the
Service
of
his
Catholic
Majesty
,
for
whom
he
intended
to
raise
five
millions
,
as
an
acknowledgment
for
taking
down
the
Taxes
;
He
commanded
an
order
to
be
publishd
that
none
under
pain
of
death
shold
depart
from
Naples
without
his
Warrant
,
wherupon
divers
Noble-men
wold
com
to
wait
upon
him
for
Pass-ports
,
and
a
Gentleman
of
quality
of
Aversa
coming
one
day
unto
him
for
a
Pass-port
he
gave
him
a
kick
in
the
buttock
.
Thus
he
tyrannizd
more
,
&
more
&
,
having
commanded
som
to
be
beheaded
upon
a
Sunday
morning
,
with
much
ado
the
Arch-bishop
prevaild
with
him
to
defer
the
execution
,
it
being
not
sitting
to
pollute
the
holy
Sabboth
with
such
Sacrifices
of
humane
blood
.
A
little
after
he
went
from
the
Market-place
accompanied
with
a
huge
company
of
the
riff-raff
of
the
people
all
the
way
a
foot
to
the
Castle
,
having
one
stocking
on
and
the
other
off
without
Band
,
Hat
,
or
Sword
,
where
being
entred
the
first
word
he
spoke
to
the
Vice-roy
was
,
That
he
must
eat
,
for
he
was
ready
to
perish
for
hunger
,
that
you
shal
,
Signor
Masanello
,
sayd
the
Vice-roy
,
so
,
as
he
was
calling
for
somthing
,
no
,
my
Lord
sayd
,
let
us
go
to
take
fresh
air
at
Posilipo
,
and
ther
eat
together
,
the
Vice-roy
excusing
himself
he
went
without
him
,
&
threw
som
peeces
of
gold
into
the
Sea
▪
making
the
Marriners
duck
for
them
and
find
them
agen
:
so
he
feasted
his
body
there
very
pl●●tifully
having
drunk
for
his
own
share
a
dozen
bottles
of
Lacrymae
Christi
;
The
operation
of
this
Wine
,
with
the
agitation
of
his
body
began
the
next
day
to
work
upon
his
brain
,
which
made
him
extravagant
;
He
sent
for
that
rare
Artist
Fonseca
,
and
commanded
him
to
make
som
peeces
in
Marble
and
Brass
with
this
Inscription
,
Thomaso
Anello
of
Amalphi
▪
Prefect
and
Captain●generall
of
the
most
faithfull
people
of
Naples
.
Thus
his
head
having
climd
so
high
began
to
turn
more
and
more
and
to
grow
insolent
,
no
Law
could
bound
his
commands
for
life
&
death
,
he
wold
be
more
then
the
Sea
,
who
though
a
raging
Element
,
yet
is
contented
to
hold
himself
within
his
bounds
;
he
wold
be
more
then
the
Heavens
,
who
though
of
such
infinit
vastnes
yet
keep
themselves
within
their
due
circumference
:
The
glorious
Sun
confines
it self
to
the
Ecliptic
,
But
nothing
could
bound
the
vast
desires
of
this
Fisher-man
,
in
whom
was
truly
verified
that
Asperius
nihil
est
Humili
cum
surgit
in
altum
,
He
was
so
tossd
with
odd
fancies
that
they
bereft
him
of
his
naturall
nocturnall
repose
,
they
kept
him
from
seeing
that
huge
Precipice
which
was
before
him
,
the
steps
wherby
we
mount
to
greatnes
are
slippery
,
the
top
is
an
Earth-quake
,
the
Descent
perpendicular
,
the
sight
whereof
doth
use
to
dis-compose
the
mind
of
man
,
and
alienat
him
from
himself
,
specially
when
Honor
falls
upon
a
low
Subject
,
and
of
a
base
Carat
,
who
being
mounted
high
looks
like
a
Munkey
clad
in
Scarlet
,
now
Greatnes
serves
som
men
to
bring
them
to
their
ruin
,
as
long
ha●●
servd
Absol●n
to
destroy
himself
.
As
he
was
domineering
one
day
in
the
great
Market-place
,
Caesar
Spano
an
ancient
Captain
of
very
good
respect
came
to
him
about
som
business
,
but
he
struck
and
wounded
the
old
Captain
,
giving
him
two
cuts
on
the
face
,
going
on
a
little
further
he
met
with
one
who
he
was
told
was
thought
to
be
a
Spy
,
therupon
suddenly
before
any
process
formd
against
him
he
causd
his
head
presently
to
be
chopd
off
;
He
met
another
who
told
him
his
wise
was
subornd
&
carried
away
by
an
old
Bawd
,
therupon
he
conducting
Masanello
to
the
house
where
she
was
with
another
man
,
he
presently
commanded
her
to
be
hangd
up
,
and
the
man
to
be
broken
upon
wheels
.
After
Dinner
he
sent
a
menacing
message
to
the
Duke
Ferrante
Caracciolo
,
that
upon
pain
of
death
and
the
firing
of
his
Palace
,
he
shold
com
in
person
to
the
Market-place
,
because
that
morning
the
sayd
Duke
had
not
com
out
of
his
Coach
to
do
him
reverence
▪
The
Vice-king
was
passive
all
this
while
,
and
extreamly
vexd
with
these
Deportments
of
Masanello
,
but
he
durst
not
apprehend
him
b●cause
he
was
still
backd
by
the
besotted
people
,
and
while
he
was
consulting
of
the
means
how
to
redress
matters
,
there
came
to
the
Castle
old
Gen●vino
and
Arpaia
two
of
the
greatest
Confidents
Masanello
had
,
who
began
to
complain
bitterly
against
the
extravagances
of
Masanello
,
and
one
of
them
had
receivd
a
box
on
the
Ear
by
him
,
yet
they
knew
not
how
to
right
themselves
,
he
having
at
his
beck
150.
m.
Combatants
well
armd
▪
yet
they
told
the
Vice
roy
that
most
people
began
to
dislike
him
for
his
cruelties
,
and
if
it
wold
please
him
to
publish
another
Ban
for
the
observance
of
their
Priviledges
,
it
wold
be
a
means
to
make
all
the
people
return
to
him
,
wherunto
the
Vice-roy
did
readily
condescend
,
and
it
was
done
accordingly
:
It
chancd
that
Masanello
at
that
time
was
gone
in
the
Dutchess
the
Vice-queens
Coach
to
Posilipo
to
recreat
himself
,
where
he
went
to
the
Office
of
the
Gallies
,
and
appointed
other
Commanders
and
Captains
;
At
his
return
to
the
Market-place
he
met
with
Genovino
and
Arpaia
,
whom
he
threatned
because
they
had
not
attended
him
to
Posilipo
,
nay
▪
threatned
to
fire
the
whole
Citty
,
because
he
perceivd
that
they
declined
in
their
wonted
respects
to
him
,
and
so
he
brandishd
his
Sword
to
and
fro
;
Hereupon
the
Captains
of
the
people
with
som
ado
brought
him
to
his
own
house
,
where
they
put
an
extraordinary
Band
of
Soldiers
to
guard
him
that
night
,
the
next
day
as
the
chief
of
the
people
were
consulting
how
to
declare
anew
the
Authority
of
the
Vice-roy
,
an
unlookd
for
accident
happend
,
which
did
cooperat
with
their
designs
;
For
Marco
Vitale
Masanellos
chiefest
Secretary
(
wherof
he
had
seven
in
all
)
passing
by
the
Castle-gate
,
and
meeting
with
som
Soldiers
that
were
banded
together
,
he
proudly
askd
them
why
and
by
whose
Authority
they
had
taken
up
Armes
,
one
of
the
Captains
gave
a
stout
answer
that
it
was
by
the
Authority
of
the
Vice-roy
;
well
,
well
sayd
Vitale
,
I
am
now
going
to
the
Market-place
and
thy
head
shall
pay
for
it
,
therupon
the
Captain
drew
his
Sword
and
gave
him
a
shrewd
slash
,
which
being
seconded
by
a
Musqueteer
,
the
Secretary
fell
down
dead
,
and
the
people
hearing
therof
as
he
was
going
to
be
buried
,
they
tore
his
Coffin
chopd
off
his
head
and
draggd
his
Carkass
up
and
down
the
streets
.
That
day
was
one
of
the
greatest
Festivalls
of
Naples
,
for
it
was
the
Feast
of
the
glorious
Virgin
of
Carmine
,
whose
Church
was
scituated
in
the
great
Market
:
Masanello
had
got
into
the
sayd
Church
,
where
he
attended
the
Archbishop
to
sing
Mass
,
being
com
,
Masanello
told
him
,
most
Eminent
Lord
,
I
perceive
now
that
the
people
will
abandon
me
,
and
go
about
to
deprive
me
of
my
life
,
therfore
I
beseech
your
Eminence
to
send
this
Letter
from
me
to
the
Vice-roy
,
wherin
there
is
a
Resignation
of
all
my
Authority
into
his
hands
;
So
going
up
the
degrees
of
the
Altar
,
and
having
a
Crucifix
in
his
hands
,
he
re-commended
himself
with
much
tendernes
to
the
people
,
that
they
shold
not
now
shake
him
off
having
venturd
so
much
for
them
;
Then
a
while
after
he
fell
a
doting
,
and
accusing
himself
of
his
life
past
,
and
exhorting
every
one
to
make
the
like
confession
before
the
feet
of
his
Ghostly
Father
,
that
Gods
anger
might
be
appeasd
,
so
he
went
on
in
many
ridiculous
expressions
,
and
som
of
them
savouring
of
Heresie
,
therfore
his
Guard
forsook
him
,
and
the
Arch-bishop
got
him
to
be
conducted
to
a
Dormitory
within
the
Cloyster
of
the
Church
to
be
dryed
for
he
was
all
in
a
sweat
,
having
refreshd
himself
ther
and
being
leaning
over
a
Balcone
,
four
resolute
Gentlemen
came
to
find
him
out
,
and
seeing
him
in
so
good
a
posture
,
dischargd
four
severall
Muskets
at
him
,
so
he
presently
fell
,
crying
,
Ah
ingratefull
Traytors
,
and
so
fell
;
hereupon
a
Butcher
chopd
off
his
head
,
which
being
put
upon
a
Lance
they
carried
up
and
down
the
street
:
the
grosse
of
the
common
people
were
so
daunted
hereat
,
that
they
lost
their
former
Spirits
,
and
went
all
skulking
away
,
nor
did
any
dare
to
do
any
outrage
to
those
who
killd
their
Captain-generall
:
So
his
body
was
draggd
up
and
down
the
Gutters
and
afterwards
hurld
into
a
Ditch
;
Therupon
all
the
Nobility
,
Gentry
,
and
Officers
got
a
horsback
and
went
to
the
Castle
to
congratulat
the
Vice-roy
,
for
the
riddance
of
this
popular
Tyrant
:
An
hower
after
the
Vice-roy
shewd
himself
and
came
down
from
the
Castle
in
a
stately
Cavalcata
,
to
the
great
Church
where
solemn
thanks
were
given
,
and
the
head
of
Saint
Germaro
the
chief
Protector
of
Naples
was
taken
out
and
put
upon
the
high
Altar
,
where
extraordinary
Jubiles
were
sung
for
the
quietness
re-obtained
by
the
death
of
so
base
a
Rebell
,
who
by
the
secret
judgments
of
God
had
spilt
so
much
blood
,
consumd
so
many
Palaces
,
reducd
to
ashes
so
much
Wealth
,
and
made
himself
so
formidable
that
he
terrified
both
Town
and
Country
,
yet
a
fatall
Instrument
of
the
indignation
of
Heaven
,
being
offended
with
the
sins
of
that
luxurious
Citty
,
who
as
somtimes
he
punishd
the
Egyptians
with
small
contemptible
Creatures
,
as
flyes
,
Lice
,
and
Frogs
,
so
he
chastizd
the
Napolitans
by
so
despicable
a
person
.
From
the
great
Church
the
Vice-roy
rid
to
the
Market-place
,
where
there
ecchoed
in
the
air
this
note
,
Let
the
King
live
,
let
the
Vice-roy
live
,
and
let
Filomarini
live
,
the
Restorer
of
his
Countries
peace
:
It
is
reported
and
printed
that
a
little
before
Masanellos
death
,
San
Germaro
was
seen
over
the
great
Church
with
a
Sword
in
his
hand
,
and
many
persons
were
examind
upon
oath
about
that
Vision
,
besides
a
bright
Star
was
seen
which
presaged
peace
and
happiness
.
Thus
finishd
the
life
and
Raign
of
Masanello
,
having
prognosticated
it
himself
som
dayes
before
,
when
going
up
the
Market-place
,
he
sayed
,
that
what
he
did
was
for
the
universall
good
of
the
people
,
but
he
knew
well
that
when
he
had
brought
the
business
about
he
shold
be
murtherd
,
and
draggd
up
and
down
the
streets
of
Naples
,
yet
he
desird
the
people
shold
remember
what
he
had
done
,
and
sing
som
Dirges
for
his
Soul
.
As
the
Raign
of
this
Ephemeran
Monster
was
violent
,
so
it
was
but
short
,
for
from
first
to
last
it
continued
not
to
ten
compleat
dayes
,
insomuch
that
those
Lyricall
Verses
may
be
truly
applyed
to
him
.
Quem
Dies
vidit
veniens
superhum
Hunc
dies
vidit
sugiens
jacentem
.
The
Vice-roy
fearing
som
after-claps
,
fell
a
fortifying
himself
mainly
,
insomuch
that
that
very
night
ther
entred
into
the
Citty
six
hundred
horse
with
wonderfull
secrecy
,
who
went
also
to
the
Palace
and
tendred
their
Service
,
and
so
betook
themselves
to
divers
Posts
:
But
the
day
following
the
bread
which
is
the
staff
of
life
fell
to
be
eleven
ounces
lighter
,
wherupon
the
popular
fire
burst
out
again
,
which
took
hold
of
the
Bakers
Furnaces
and
Goods
:
They
went
in
multitudes
to
find
out
the
body
of
Masanello
which
was
cast
into
a
Ditch
,
they
took
it
out
,
washd
and
perfumd
it
,
and
so
carried
high
upon
a
Bier
to
the
gate
of
the
Holy
Spirit
,
where
they
took
down
his
head
,
and
sowing
it
to
the
rest
of
the
carkass
they
brought
it
to
the
great
Cathedrall
Church
,
with
no
less
solemnity
then
Lamentation
,
so
he
who
was
cursd
and
draggd
up
and
down
the
dirtty
Channels
the
day
before
,
is
the
next
day
following
bewayld
,
missd
,
and
prayed
for
;
so
there
was
order
taken
for
his
Exequies
which
were
celebrated
in
marvailous
Pomp
,
above
a
thousand
Priests
went
before
him
with
Torches
in
their
hands
,
the
white
boyes
of
Loreto
did
attend
the
Hearse
,
Drums
and
Trumpets
sounded
the
dolefull
March
,
and
as
he
lay
lifted
up
very
high
upon
his
Funerall
Bed
a
Crown
was
put
upon
his
head
,
and
a
Scepter
in
his
hand
,
so
he
enjoyed
after
his
death
those
Ensigns
,
the
Authority
wherof
he
usurpd
in
his
life
.
He
was
carryed
about
all
the
five
Pr●cincts
of
Naples
in
this
State
,
and
passing
by
the
Vice-roys
there
they
made
a
halt
under
his
very
Balcone
;
At
last
two
howers
within
night
they
carried
him
back
to
the
great
Church
where
he
was
buried
in
a
particular
Chappell
,
with
this
Inscription
upon
his
Hearse
.
Nobilium
tyrannide
inusitatis
oppressi●nibus
&
angarijs
in
Regnum
,
Cives
&
Exteros
praeter
Rerum
&
Naturae
or●inem
violenter
extortis
,
Repressa
;
Virgini
Dei
Matri
Carmeli
Die
7.
Julij
,
1647.
gabellis
publicis
,
facinorosis
Secretis
Patriae
hostibus
,
incensis
,
fugatis
,
prefligatis
,
sublatis
;
Inconcussa
fide
servata
:
Ferdinandi
primi
,
&
Frederici
Aragonensium
Regum
,
Caroli
Quinti
Imperatoris
Caesaris
confirmatis
,
renovatis
Aureis
privilegijs
.
Philippo
Quarto
Rege
Cath●lic●
,
Dom:
Roderico
Pons
de
Leon
Duce
d●
Arcos
Regis
vicem
gerente
,
Thoma
Anello
de
Amalphi
invicti
populi
Duce
,
pristina
libertate
redemptus
Fidelissimus
populus
Neapolitanus
,
Mausolaeum
in
reportatae
victoriae
memoriam
posteris
Excitamentum
p●suit
.
The
Tyranny
of
the
Nobles
being
repressd
,
who
beyond
the
order
of
Things
,
and
Rules
of
Nature
did
so
violently
extort
unusuall
Taxes
and
Services
from
Kingdom
,
Cittizens
,
and
Strangers
.
An
unshaken
faith
being
kep●
to
the
blessed
Virgin
the
Mother
of
God
in
the
Church
of
Carmine
the
seventh
of
Iuly
1647.
the
Gabels
being
abolishd
,
the
public
facinorous
and
secret
enemies
of
our
Country
being
subdued
,
banishd
,
burnt
,
and
extinguishd
.
The
golden
Priviledges
of
Ferdinand
the
first
,
of
Fredric
King
of
Aragon
,
and
of
Charles
the
Emperor
being
confirmd
and
renewd
.
Philip
the
fourth
being
Catholic
King
,
and
Don
Rodrigo
pons
de
Leon
Duke
of
Arcos
being
Vice-roy
,
Thomas
Anello
of
Amalphi
being
Generall
,
the
most
faithfull
people
of
Naples
,
and
public
liberty
being
redeemd
.
This
Monument
was
erected
in
memory
of
the
Victory
obtaind
,
and
for
an
encouragement
to
all
Posterity
.
Thus
the
body
of
Masanello
being
redeemd
from
dust
and
dirt
,
together
with
his
memory
was
honord
by
the
Neapolitan
people
;
Nor
did
the
Insurrection
dy
with
him
,
but
it
revivd
and
gathering
new
strength
it
ragd
again
as
furiously
as
ever
,
not
only
in
Naples
it self
but
in
all
the
Terri●ories
,
as
Bitonto
,
Nocera
,
Abruzzo
,
Cosenza
,
and
other
places
in
Apulia
and
Calabria
.
The
people
of
Naples
chose
for
their
Elect
Don
Francisco
Turaldo
Prince
of
Massa
,
and
the
first
thing
he
did
was
to
command
ten
Spaniards
heads
to
be
fixd
on
Poles
,
and
carryed
in
triumph
up
and
down
the
Citty
;
he
interdicted
also
that
nothing
either
for
back
or
belly
shold
be
carried
to
the
Castle
where
the
Vice-roy
was
,
he
causd
the
whole
Citty
to
be
entrenchd
,
and
Canons
planted
in
divers
places
,
now
the
people
thought
they
had
all
the
justice
in
the
world
to
continue
in
Armes
till
the
confirmation
of
what
the
Vice-roy
had
stipulated
before
,
were
com
from
the
King
of
Spain
,
as
it
was
agreed
it
shold
be
sent
three
months
after
.
In
the
mean
time
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
was
com
hard
by
with
a
Fleet
of
five
and
forty
Galeons
,
and
sent
word
to
the
Citty
that
if
they
were
desirous
to
have
a
peace
and
generall
pardon
,
the
people
shold
lay
down
Armes
and
send
them
to
the
Vice-roy
to
the
Castle
;
this
they
wold
not
do
,
but
offerd
to
lay
them
up
in
their
houses
untill
the
Treaty
shold
be
concluded
,
so
matters
fell
off
the
hinges
more
then
ever
,
the
three
Castles
shot
at
the
Town
by
Land
,
and
Don
Iohn
by
Sea
with
his
great
Guns
from
his
Galeons
and
Gallies
,
which
made
such
a
hideous
noise
as
if
Heaven
and
Earth
wold
meet
,
and
in
the
Town
the
huge
Canons
from
the
Tower
of
Carmine
played
incessantly
;
so
there
grew
a
perfect
War
twixt
the
Cittie
and
the
Castles
,
a
great
number
of
fair
houses
were
burnt
,
heads
chopd
off
,
and
the
great
Bell
of
Saint
Laurence
rung
out
for
signall
of
War
;
The
Spaniards
on
the
one
side
put
all
to
fire
and
Sword
,
the
people
on
the
other
side
burnt
the
Goods
,
and
destroyed
the
houses
of
any
whom
they
suspected
:
Many
bloody
Skirmiges
happend
in
divers
places
;
Don
Iohn
sent
a
Cavalier
of
quality
to
the
Captain-Generall
of
the
people
to
know
the
ground
of
this
fury
,
and
why
they
were
so
active
in
their
own
destruction
with
the
ruine
of
so
many
innocent
Souls
,
and
such
a
glorious
Citty
,
but
word
was
sent
him
back
that
when
the
Confirmation
was
com
from
the
Court
of
Spain
they
wold
send
him
a
civill
answer
,
till
then
t
was
but
just
they
shold
stand
upon
their
Guard
,
and
repell
any
force
by
that
power
which
God
and
Nature
had
given
them
for
the
defence
of
themselves
and
their
liberties
,
together
with
their
Wives
and
Children
,
yet
with
this
resolution
to
continue
in
a
constant
obedience
to
his
Catholic
Majesty
,
and
not
to
listen
to
the
enchantments
of
any
forrain
Prince
,
who
began
to
tamper
with
them
already
for
a
Revolt
.
The
Duke
of
Mataloni
in
these
Confusions
did
many
materiall
Services
to
the
Spaniards
,
by
sending
them
recruits
of
horse
and
foot
from
the
Country
;
At
last
the
people
grew
jealous
of
their
Elect
and
Captain-Generall
Prince
Turaldo
,
and
so
gave
him
his
pass-port
to
hasten
to
the
other
world
without
a
head
,
so
they
chose
in
his
place
one
Gennaro
Arnese
,
a
man
of
a
far
inferior
quality
.
In
this
hurly-burly
the
French
King
sent
the
people
a
proffer
of
two
millions
of
gold
,
with
twenty
Galeons
,
eighteen
Gallies
,
and
forty
Tartanas
,
which
message
was
sent
by
a
person
of
quality
from
●he
French
Ambassador
resident
at
Rome
;
The
Citty
embracd
the
proposall
,
and
so
employd
an
express
to
go
to
Rome
and
treat
;
so
a
little
after
the
cry
up
and
down
the
streets
of
Naples
was
Viva
la
Francia
,
let
France
live
,
and
in
som
places
let
the
Parliament
of
England
live
,
which
continued
divers
daies
.
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
and
the
Vice-roy
having
notice
of
these
practises
twixt
the
Citty
and
France
were
much
troubld
therat
,
thereupon
they
got
the
Pope
to
us●
his
Spirituall
Armes
,
so
this
Nuncio
in
Naples
desired
to
have
audience
in
his
Holines
name
,
Gennaro
Arnese
gave
it
him
all
clad
in
cloth
of
Silver
,
the
Nuncio
told
him
that
he
had
receivd
an
express
Mandamus
from
his
Holines
,
brought
by
a
person
of
quality
to
exhort
the
City
to
conform
to
a
serious
treaty
of
peace
,
otherwise
the
holy
Church
must
do
her
duty
:
Gennaro
answerd
that
there
could
not
be
expected
a
sudden
answer
to
so
grave
a
message
,
therfore
the
most
faithfull
people
desird
som
respit
of
time
to
consult
of
it
;
so
the
Nuncio
parted
,
and
som
did
laugh
in
their
sleeves
at
him
,
insomuch
that
this
message
took
no
effect
at
all
.
The
next
day
after
there
was
a
Feluca
discoverd
chasd
by
two
Gallies
,
but
narorwly
scaping
them
she
came
safe
to
Port
,
&
she
brought
in
her
the
Duke
of
Guise
(
with
foru
Servants
only
)
who
was
all
this
while
at
Rome
;
he
was
receivd
into
the
Town
with
wonderfull
applause
,
he
told
them
that
his
Christian
Majesty
had
an
Army
in
a
readines
to
assist
the
most
faithfull
people
,
so
they
resolvd
to
make
him
their
Generall
,
and
the
next
day
he
went
to
the
Arch●bishops
Palace
to
take
an
Oath
of
fidelity
to
the
people
,
which
he
did
upon
the
hearing
of
Masse
and
receiving
the
holy
Communion
.
Now
the
Napolitan
Nobles
had
a
considerable
Army
in
the
Country
about
,
therfore
the
Duke
of
Guyse
desired
to
have
six
thousand
Foot
and
a
thousand
Horse
to
go
find
them
out
,
which
he
did
at
Aversa
,
but
he
was
utterly
routed
,
with
losse
of
above
three
hundred
upon
the
place
,
and
many
more
wounded
,
and
so
returnd
to
Naples
.
The
sixth
of
December
there
was
a
Truce
concluded
for
three
howers
,
during
which
time
,
Don
Iohn
sent
notice
to
the
Citty
of
a
Letter
sent
from
his
Catholic
Majesty
,
wherin
he
ratified
all
the
Capitulations
of
peace
agreed
on
by
the
Duke
of
Arcos
,
the
Letter
being
sent
to
the
Elect
of
the
people
,
and
communicated
to
the
Duke
of
Guise
,
the
sayd
Duke
seemd
to
exhort
the
people
to
accept
of
it
,
in
regard
their
King
had
therin
made
concession
unto
them
of
so
many
signall
graces
▪
Therupon
the
Rabble
of
the
people
boyling
with
heat
cryed
out
,
that
they
wold
be
cut
to
peeces
rather
then
be
slaves
to
the
Spanish
Nation
any
longer
,
therupon
the
Duke
took
a
Medail
from
his
brest
,
and
told
them
his
Christian
Majesty
had
given
him
that
Medail
for
a
pledg
,
that
whensoever
he
sent
to
him
for
an
Army
,
he
shold
have
one
forthwith
,
and
he
told
them
there
was
one
already
prepard
,
therfore
he
desired
that
som
Felucas
might
be
dispatchd
towards
Tolon
to
hasten
their
coming
,
which
was
done
accordingly
:
So
it
was
decreed
that
the
Duke
of
Guise
from
that
day
forward
shold
be
treated
with
Highness
,
others
w●ld
have
him
in
imitation
of
Venice
to
be
tearmd
Doge
of
the
Napolitan
Republic
.
A
few
dayes
after
the
French
Fleet
was
discoverd
which
consisted
of
eight
and
twenty
Vessels
,
the
arrivall
therof
did
fill
and
affect
the
whole
Citty
with
such
a
tripudiant
humor
of
joy
,
that
people
went
dancing
and
singing
up
and
down
the
streets
;
The
French
Fleet
appeard
in
form
of
a
half
Moon
,
but
durst
not
com
in
reach
of
the
three
Castles
,
or
the
Spanish
Fleet
then
in
Port
,
but
kept
their
distance
,
yet
they
landed
divers
sorts
of
Provision
for
the
use
of
the
Citty
,
they
came
up
to
the
point
of
Pusilipo
and
got
off
cleer
again
.
The
first
day
of
the
yeer
there
came
Letters
from
divers
places
in
Apulia
,
that
they
had
twenty
thousand
good
Combatants
in
a
readiness
to
assist
the
Royall
Republic
of
Naples
:
The
Duke
of
Arcos
began
now
to
be
disaffected
by
the
Royall
party
as
well
as
by
the
people
,
insomuch
that
the
high
Collaterall
Councell
in
the
Castle
sent
him
word
that
he
shold
forbear
sitting
among
them
any
longer
,
but
that
his
Highness
Don
Iohn
shold
govern
,
who
therupon
sent
for
the
Sicilian
Fleet
▪
to
com
for
the
succour
of
Naples
,
as
also
for
three
Regiments
from
Milan
;
a
little
after
the
Duke
of
Arcos
departed
with
his
Family
,
and
Don
Iohn
was
heard
to
say
Vayase
en
h●ra
mala
che
ha
hecho
perder
este
Reyno
a
mi
padre
,
Let
him
go
in
an
ill
hower
for
he
hath
lost
my
Father
this
Kingdom
.
Don
Iohn
being
sworn
Vice-roy
,
causd
a
generall
pardon
to
be
publishd
,
wherupon
the
grave
Judg
Onufrio
made
a
pathetic
Oration
to
the
people
,
who
had
a
verend
opinion
of
him
,
that
since
the
Duke
of
Arcos
with
the
chief
Incendiaries
were
gone
,
and
that
they
had
now
a
Kings
Son
so
gallant
a
young
Prince
to
gorevern
them
,
it
was
high
time
that
they
shold
return
now
to
their
old
obedience
to
their
Monarch
,
and
lawfull
King
who
had
preservd
them
in
peace
and
plenty
so
many
yeers
,
&c.
but
the
people
lent
a
deaf
ear
to
his
speech
,
so
that
the
next
day
there
was
new
money
stampd
with
the
armes
of
the
Royall
Republic
.
The
first
of
February
1648.
the
Castle
of
Saint
Elmo
erected
the
Royall
Standard
upon
the
discovery
of
three
Gallies
wherin
was
embarkd
the
Conde
d'
Ognate
,
who
had
receivd
a
Commission
at
Rome
,
where
he
was
Ambassador
to
be
Vice-roy
of
Naples
,
all
the
Castles
saluted
him
,
as
also
the
great
Bastion
of
Carmine
from
the
Citty
,
the
first
did
it
with
powder
only
,
but
the
last
with
bullets
,
wherby
som
of
the
Gally-slaves
that
rowd
him
were
slain
:
There
arrivd
from
Malaga
a
Vessell
with
five
hundred
fresh
Spaniards
,
and
thirty
thousand
Duckets
for
the
Service
of
the
Vice-roy
,
and
this
Galeon
gave
notice
of
eight
more
that
were
coming
:
There
arrivd
likewise
a
great
supply
from
Genoa
,
both
of
men
▪
mony
,
and
Amunition
;
There
came
also
an
Ambassador
from
Malta
with
a
goodly
Retinue
of
Cavaliers
,
which
did
much
enhearten
the
Royall
party
.
The
French
Fleet
having
landed
,
as
formerly
was
spoken
,
som
Provision
and
Commanders
in
Naples
,
was
constraind
by
distress
of
weather
to
leave
the
Coasts
with
the
lo●s
of
divers
Ships
and
Marriners
;
now
the
Spaniards
had
securd
and
strongly
fortified
the
Port
of
Nisita
,
and
there
being
a
Fleet
of
Ships
expected
from
Province
,
with
Provision
of
Corn
which
were
to
sayl
that
way
,
the
Duke
of
Guise
went
with
a
considerable
Army
of
Horse
and
Foot
,
with
a
Train
of
Artillery
for
the
reduction
of
that
place
to
the
Royall
Republic
,
for
it
was
a
place
of
great
importance
.
The
Conde
d'
Ognate
now
that
the
Duke
of
Guise
was
gone
with
a
good
part
of
the
strength
of
the
Citty
,
fell
upon
this
design
which
provd
as
happy
as
it
was
hazardous
.
About
twelve
a
Clock
at
night
,
having
with
extraordinary
acts
of
Devotion
implord
the
assistance
of
Heaven
,
young
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
and
the
sayd
Conde
with
a
great
number
of
Barons
Cavaliers
,
and
other
ventrous
Spirits
marchd
silently
down
towards
the
Citty
;
they
had
a
Train
of
choise
Artillery
,
with
good
store
of
Fire-works
;
Don
Iohn
came
first
to
the
Cisterna
d'oglio
with
all
his
Brigade
,
and
causd
the
Church
of
Jesus
which
was
contiguous
therunto
to
be
gently
opened
,
where
having
made
ardent
prayers
to
the
Redeemer
of
Man-kind
,
he
desird
Father
Gerunda
to
confess
him
,
and
administer
him
the
holy
Communion
:
Thus
he
began
to
fall
to
work
,
and
commanded
a
Wall
to
be
batterd
down
which
joynd
to
San
Sebastian
,
and
so
he
passd
without
interruption
to
Porta
Alba
;
Being
advancd
so
far
,
he
got
a
horse-back
,
and
rid
confidently
towards
Constantinople
street
through
a
crowd
of
the
Citty
Arcabusiers
,
wherof
som
shot
,
others
being
amazd
at
the
suddennes
of
the
thing
stood
astonishd
,
thence
he
went
on
to
Saint
Aniellos
street
and
the
Virgins
quarter
where
the
most
civill
sort
of
people
dwelt
,
who
were
from
the
beginning
the
most
Loyall
to
the
King
:
The
Arch-bishop
Filomarini
was
appointed
to
meet
him
,
which
he
did
with
other
Lords
;
thence
he
pursued
his
way
to
the
Duke
of
Guises
Palace
,
and
after
som
Musket-shot
the
Palace
yeelded
,
for
the
great
Canons
which
were
there
planted
wold
not
go
off
though
there
was
fire
put
to
them
,
which
was
held
miraculous
,
and
so
much
heightned
his
Spirits
,
finding
that
all
things
conjurd
to
make
this
attempt
prosperous
;
He
marchd
thence
to
the
great
Market-place
,
and
being
com
neer
the
great
Bastion
of
Carmine
where
Gennaro
Arnese
was
with
a
choice
guard
of
three
hundred
men
,
he
sent
him
word
it
was
fitting
that
Bastion
shold
be
put
into
his
hands
for
his
Catholic
Majesties
Service
,
and
if
he
wold
not
conform
to
so
just
a
proposall
he
left
him
to
consider
what
a
high
act
of
disloyalty
it
wold
prove
;
Arnese
consulting
with
his
best
thoughts
came
forth
and
prostrating
his
person
before
him
,
presented
him
with
the
Keys
;
hereupon
Don
Iohn
inordred
a
Cavalier
of
Malta
to
publish
a
generall
pardon
,
with
an
abolition
to
all
Gabels
new
and
old
,
provided
that
every
one
wold
return
to
his
former
alleagance
;
The
people
with
loud
acclamations
answerd
that
they
wold
be
well
satisfied
herewith
,
if
Don
Iohn
himself
wold
declare
this
with
his
own
mouth
,
which
was
done
accordingly
.
So
this
Noble
and
Magnanimous
Exp●oit
took
effect
without
any
effusion
of
blood
,
except
the
death
only
of
two
Spanish
Captains
,
and
one
of
the
peoples
,
which
may
be
imputed
first
to
a
speciall
Providence
of
God
Almighty
then
to
the
prowesse
of
a
young
Generall
,
and
lastly
to
the
Prudence
of
a
grave
Vice-roy
:
Add
hereunto
that
the
absence
of
the
Duke
of
Guise
condued
much
for
the
facilitating
of
this
great
Design
.
The
Citty
of
Naples
being
thus
suddenly
redued
.
Don
Iohn
sent
in
quest
of
the
Duke
of
Guise
to
the
Country
hard
by
,
who
after
som
resistance
was
ta●en
Prisoner
,
and
clapd
up
in
the
Castle
of
Capua
,
the
high
Collatterall
Councell
adjudgd
him
to
dy
,
but
young
Don
Iohn
overruld
the
sentence
,
and
so
sent
him
Captif
to
the
Court
of
Spain
,
where
having
bin
Prisoner
a
good
while
he
made
an
escape
as
far
as
Victoria
,
within
a
dayes
journy
of
France
,
but
notwithstanding
his
disguise
he
was
discoverd
and
so
clapd
up
again
in
Prison
,
where
he
continued
till
the
Prince
of
Conde
leaguring
lately
with
the
Spaniard
got
him
released
.
There
were
Gibbets
put
up
in
divers
places
of
the
Citty
to
execute
the
chiefest
Incendiaries
,
but
at
the
cryes
of
the
women
and
Children
to
Don
Iohn
he
commanded
them
to
be
taken
down
,
yet
after
this
his
departure
the
Vice-roy
dispatched
many
,
and
gave
them
Pass-ports
for
the
other
world
,
among
others
too
Gennaro
Arnese
who
had
bin
Capo
popolo
with
divers
others
,
and
a
long
time
after
the
inquest
and
execution
of
som
of
the
chief
Ring-leaders
continued
by
the
noble
sagacious
proceeding
of
the
foresayd
new
Vice-roy
the
Conde
d'
Ognate
,
a
notable
Minister
of
State
,
having
bin
traind
up
therunto
by
sundry
Embassies
abroad
,
as
well
to
England
as
to
other
Countries
.
Not
long
after
young
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
weighs
Anchor
,
&
with
a
Royal
Fleet
of
Galeons
and
Gallies
made
sayl
for
Sicily
,
having
bin
so
wonderfully
fortunat
as
to
extinguish
that
prodigious
fire
that
had
ragd
so
violently
in
Town
and
Country
,
which
,
the
Capitall
Citty
being
reducd
,
quickly
conformd
it self
to
its
old
obedience
:
Nor
was
this
youthfull
Generall
succesfull
only
in
Naples
,
but
also
in
composing
the
affairs
of
Sicily
which
also
was
in
a
dangerous
disorder
;
Add
hereunto
the
reducing
lately
of
Catalonia
,
by
making
himself
Master
of
that
proud
Metropolitan
Citty
of
Barcelona
,
after
a
bloody
stubborn
Siege
of
two
and
twenty
months
,
where
the
Lord
Goring
his
Lieutenant
did
signall
Services
,
no
less
heroik
then
hazardous
.
During
these
hideous
Combustions
in
Naples
,
there
was
a
notable
peece
of
inhumane
Villany
discoverd
sutable
to
those
times
,
which
was
this
,
One
Francisco
Severino
a
public
Notary
had
a
Sister
who
was
a
young
Widdow
,
but
being
to
pay
her
six
hundred
Duckets
towards
her
Dower
,
he
clapt
her
up
with
a
little
Daughter
of
hers
in
a
dark
Cave
twixt
four
walls
,
where
he
fed
them
with
bread
and
water
with
som
few
Roots
for
seventeen
yeers
together
;
This
Widdow
had
a
Son
under
the
Tutele
of
an
Uncle
all
the
while
,
who
being
com
to
yeers
demanded
of
the
sayd
Notary
his
Mothers
Dowry
,
thinking
she
had
bin
dead
;
The
rumor
hereof
flying
among
the
people
,
being
in
Armes
,
they
rushd
into
the
Notaries
house
,
the
women
in
the
Cave
hearing
an
extraordinary
noise
began
to
shriek
,
which
being
heard
they
broke
down
the
Wall
,
where
they
found
two
women
like
Savages
or
Furies
,
with
long
dischevelld
hair
dangling
about
their
sholders
,
hereupon
the
Villany
being
discoverd
the
Notary
was
put
to
exemplary
punishment
.
These
Risings
of
the
Napolitan
people
and
those
of
Sicily
,
with
other
unlucky
Travers●s
gave
a
shrewd
shock
to
the
Spanish
Monarchy
;
It
shook
also
Olivares
the
great
Favorit
of
the
Catholic
King
,
and
that
so
ill
favourdly
,
that
his
utter
downfall
followd
:
Now
in
regard
that
this
Favorit
slept
in
the
Kings
bosom
,
and
swayd
the
Monachy
of
Spain
so
long
,
it
will
not
be
improper
to
insert
here
a
short
Legend
of
his
life
.
He
was
born
in
Rome
during
his
Fathers
Embassy
there
in
the
(
unlucky
)
Palace
of
Nero
,
and
being
a
younger
Brother
,
at
his
coming
to
Spain
,
he
became
a
Student
in
the
Law
in
Salamanca
,
and
then
got
a
Lay
Prebendary
in
Sevill
which
was
his
first
preferment
;
Having
got
som
subsistence
and
knowledge
,
he
came
to
Court
,
and
insinuated
into
the
favor
of
this
King
then
Prince
so
dextrously
that
he
came
afterwards
to
have
an
absolute
power
over
his
inclinations
,
after
the
fall
of
the
Duke
of
Lerma
and
Don
Balthasar
de
Zuniga
,
upon
whose
ruines
he
built
his
fortunes
:
In
a
short
time
after
the
death
of
Philip
the
third
,
he
was
made
Master
of
the
Kings
Wardrobe
,
Master
of
the
Horse
,
great
Chancellor
of
the
Indies
,
which
Offices
with
som
Comanderies
he
got
of
the
three
Equestrall
Orders
of
Saint
Iago
,
Alcantara
,
and
Calatrava
were
worth
him
communibus
annis
240000.
Crowns
But
he
had
other
reaches
to
grow
rich
,
for
when
the
Galeons
set
forth
from
Sevill
,
and
the
Caracks
from
Lisbon
every
yeer
for
the
Indies
,
he
usd
to
embark
in
them
great
Cargazons
of
Corn
,
Wine
,
and
Oyle
,
Custom
free
,
all
which
grew
in
his
County
of
Olivares
,
and
with
the
proceed
of
those
Commodeties
there
were
Jewels
,
Silks
,
and
Spices
,
bought
and
sold
afterward
for
his
account
,
wherby
he
could
not
choose
but
gain
many
millions
;
For
engrossing
the
Kings
Favor
more
entirely
,
he
had
a
way
to
restrain
the
Grandees
,
but
whom
he
pleasd
,
from
being
about
the
Kings
person
,
and
for
the
Queen
she
was
only
Co-partner
of
the
Kings
Bed
,
but
he
kept
her
from
having
any
power
at
all
in
other
things
;
He
found
divers
inventions
for
inhancing
the
Royall
Revenew
,
as
that
all
Offices
and
Benefices
which
were
bestowd
,
shold
pay
half
a
yeers
in-com
to
the
King
,
which
was
calld
Mediannates
:
There
were
waies
also
found
out
to
decry
and
raise
the
value
of
Coin
,
and
not
long
before
his
fall
there
was
a
project
calld
Papell
Sellado
,
which
was
that
no
legall
Instrument
,
not
so
much
as
a
Bill
Obligatory
shold
be
of
force
,
unless
it
were
written
in
the
Kings
Paper
with
a
particular
Seal
to
it
,
and
all
public
Notaries
with
others
were
to
buy
these
seald
Papers
at
the
rate
the
King
imposd
upon
them
,
by
these
means
there
was
a
Computation
made
that
above
two
hundred
millions
of
gold
came
extraordinary
to
the
Kings
Coffers
in
his
time
:
Now
these
new
things
being
imposd
upon
Catalonia
and
Portugal
,
which
claim
more
priviledges
of
enfranchisements
then
Castillia
,
it
was
among
other
the
ground
of
their
Revolt
.
Now
there
were
many
things
conspird
to
demolish
this
Grand
Minion
of
the
Catholic
Kings
.
First
,
A
series
or
crowd
of
ill
successes
which
tumbled
one
upon
the
neck
of
another
,
both
in
the
Indies
as
the
loosing
of
Ormus
and
Goa
,
as
also
in
Europe
,
and
in
Spain
her self
by
the
revolt
of
Catalonia
and
Portugal
,
in
Flanders
by
the
loosing
of
many
Towns
which
Francis
the
first
had
payd
for
his
ransom
.
Nor
was
there
any
signall
Exploit
worth
the
speaking
atchievd
all
his
time
,
but
that
of
Spinolas
when
he
took
the
Palatinat
,
Secondly
,
The
disaffection
of
the
Queen
whom
he
may
be
sayd
to
have
kept
to
her
Needle
and
Distaff
all
the
while
,
who
one
day
broke
out
into
such
a
passion
against
him
having
done
her
som
ill
office
a
little
before
,
that
meeting
him
in
a
Lobby
she
took
off
one
of
her
Chapines
and
banging
him
ill
favourdly
about
the
Pate
,
sayed
,
That
she
wold
have
him
know
that
she
was
Daughter
to
Henry
the
Great
,
as
well
as
wife
to
the
King
of
Spain
:
But
this
breach
was
made
up
presently
,
by
the
patience
and
humble
protestations
of
the
Conde
,
never
to
offend
her
for
the
future
.
Awhile
after
the
Kings
affairs
necessitating
him
to
go
in
person
to
Catalonia
,
he
left
the
Queen
Governesse
of
Madrid
,
during
which
time
she
wonderfully
gaind
upon
the
affections
of
the
people
,
by
allaying
the
austere
humor
of
the
Spaniard
with
the
affability
of
the
French
:
At
the
Kings
return
she
took
heart
then
to
speak
of
his
affairs
of
state
,
of
the
interest
of
his
Monarchy
,
of
the
revolt
of
Kingdome
,
ruine
of
Armies
,
and
how
all
things
went
from
bad
to
worse
,
and
were
like
to
continue
so
,
if
they
whom
his
Majesty
intrusted
most
with
the
management
of
his
affairs
did
not
look
better
to
things
:
This
discourse
sunk
somwhat
deep
into
the
Kings
brest
,
which
made
his
thoughts
to
reflect
upon
Olivares
his
chief
Minister
;
and
now
the
Ice
being
broken
the
next
night
after
Donna
Anna
de
Guevara
the
Kings
Nurse
,
took
heart
of
grace
to
speak
also
to
the
King
,
having
put
her self
in
a
convenient
place
where
the
King
was
to
pass
,
where
falling
on
her
knees
she
told
him
,
That
she
was
not
there
to
beg
any
grace
at
his
Majesties
hands
,
but
to
render
the
Crown
of
Spain
the
greatest
Service
it
cold
receive
,
therfore
her
Motherly
affections
enforcd
her
to
discover
to
his
Majesty
what
perhaps
others
durst
not
adventure
to
do
for
humane
respects
;
So
she
presented
unto
him
the
generall
affliction
of
his
people
,
the
sad
condition
of
his
Kingdom
,
the
many
unfortunat
successes
which
happend
by
Sea
and
Land
,
shewing
him
that
these
evills
were
the
judgments
of
Heaven
,
for
suffering
the
Government
of
his
Kingdoms
which
God
Almighty
had
appointed
only
for
himself
,
to
continue
in
the
hands
of
another
;
she
sayd
that
it
was
high
time
for
his
Majesty
to
be
now
out
of
his
Nonage
,
and
that
he
should
not
incense
the
indignation
of
Heaven
,
by
suffring
his
poor
Subjects
to
be
longer
abusd
,
at
least
that
he
wold
have
compassion
on
the
Prince
his
Son
who
ran
a
hazard
to
be
simple
King
of
Castile
or
less
,
so
she
concluded
that
if
she
had
offended
his
Majesty
she
was
ready
to
receive
what
punishment
he
pleasd
,
being
well
contented
having
given
her
milk
for
the
good
of
his
Majesty
,
to
sacrifice
also
her
blood
if
need
requird
.
The
King
hearkned
unto
her
all
the
while
with
much
attention
,
and
answerd
t
is
all
truth
that
you
have
sayd
:
Add
hereunto
that
there
was
another
thing
happend
that
provd
fatall
to
the
Duke
,
which
was
that
the
Infanta
Margarita
of
Savoy
who
had
bin
Governess
of
Portugal
,
having
bin
restraind
som
yeers
from
coming
to
the
Court
by
the
practises
of
Olivares
,
at
last
venturd
to
com
thither
,
and
by
the
Queens
favour
she
was
admitted
to
speak
with
the
King
,
where
with
stout
and
pressing
reasons
she
made
it
appear
that
the
loss
of
his
Kingdom
of
Portugal
was
to
be
imputed
principally
to
the
carelesness
of
the
Conde
,
for
she
had
often
written
to
him
in
what
a
hazardous
discontented
state
that
Country
was
,
but
to
her
Avisos
and
Letters
she
receivd
from
him
odd
uncivill
messages
,
telling
her
that
she
was
fitter
to
govern
a
Family
then
a
Kingdom
,
and
bidding
her
that
if
she
comprehended
the
mysteries
of
State
,
at
least
she
shold
not
discover
them
;
This
Speech
made
deeper
impressions
on
the
Kings
heart
then
any
of
the
rest
,
for
it
was
most
home
and
plain
,
insomuch
that
this
was
the
mortall
wound
which
was
given
Olivares
.
Thirdly
,
The
designs
he
had
to
aggrandize
his
base
Son
who
had
gone
many
yeers
by
the
name
of
Iulian
Valeasar
,
and
had
married
a
common
Strumpet
,
being
of
a
dissolute
one
himself
,
and
under
that
name
of
Valeasar
he
had
born
Arms
in
Flanders
,
Italy
,
and
the
Indies
,
where
he
was
like
to
be
hangd
;
Yet
Olivares
having
no
Children
of
his
own
nor
like
to
have
any
,
sent
for
him
,
for
Donna
Margarita
Spinola
a
Merchants
Daughter
,
(
and
somtimes
a
Concubine
of
Olivares
)
took
it
upon
her
death
that
Olivares
had
got
him
by
Her
;
So
being
com
to
Court
Olivares
had
his
name
changd
to
Don
Henry
Pbilip
de
Gusman
,
he
procurd
him
also
to
be
divorcd
from
his
first
wife
,
and
proposd
a
marriage
for
him
with
the
high
Constable
of
Castiles
Daughter
,
Donna
Iuana
de
Velasso
prime
Lady
of
the
Court
,
which
took
effect
;
so
having
provided
a
great
Palace
for
him
,
the
Grandees
and
Ambassadors
came
to
give
Don
Henry
the
conjugall
joy
,
treating
by
the
Title
of
Excellency
,
and
sending
him
Presents
,
he
was
declard
Gentleman
of
the
Kings
Bed-chamber
,
and
to
be
president
of
the
Indies
:
But
Don
Henries
carriage
was
so
ridiculous
and
so
unsutable
to
a
Noble-man
that
there
were
Libells
made
of
him
up
and
down
;
This
strange
design
of
Olivares
got
him
much
hatred
,
specially
from
the
Marquess
of
Carpio
,
who
had
married
his
sole
Sister
,
by
whom
he
had
Don
Luis
de
Haro
the
Present
,
who
was
common
Heir
in
Law
to
Olivares
,
and
was
like
to
be
deprivd
of
it
by
the
foresayd
Bastard
;
But
upon
the
fall
of
the
Conde
down
fell
also
his
Bastard
,
and
the
Constable
of
Castile
sent
home
for
his
Daughter
,
saying
,
that
he
had
rather
have
his
Daughter
to
be
reputed
a
Whore
,
then
to
continue
Wife
to
such
a
Rascall
.
Fourthly
,
The
just
hatred
which
the
Grandees
and
Noble-men
conceivd
against
him
did
accelerat
his
ruin
,
specially
the
Marquess
of
Carpio
his
Brother-in-law
,
whose
Son
though
a
very
hopefull
Gentleman
he
could
not
abide
,
though
his
Nephew
by
his
only
Sister
.
Lastly
,
the
little
Prince
Don
Balthasar
helpd
to
push
him
down
,
who
though
he
was
fourteen
yeers
of
age
yet
by
the
practises
of
the
Duke
he
had
no
Court
,
or
Servants
settled
for
him
,
but
was
still
left
under
the
Government
of
women
;
Now
it
was
about
the
Prince
that
the
King
first
discoverd
his
displeasure
to
Olivares
,
for
asking
him
what
Lodgings
in
the
Palace
were
fittest
for
him
,
and
he
answering
those
of
the
Infante
Cardinal
,
the
King
replyed
,
and
why
not
yours
?
for
they
were
my
Fathers
,
and
mine
also
while
I
was
Prince
:
This
struck
an
Earth-quake
in
the
Dukes
brest
,
so
that
evening
the
King
writ
a
Note
to
him
with
his
own
hand
that
he
shold
intermeddle
no
more
with
his
affairs
,
but
retire
to
Loches
a
place
hard
by
Madrid
untill
further
order
;
The
next
day
his
wife
came
weeping
to
the
Queen
to
intercede
for
her
husband
,
but
the
Queen
answerd
her
very
calmly
Lo
que
hecho
Dios
,
lo●
vassallos
,
y
lot
malos
sucessos
no
lo
puede
deshazer
el
Roy
ni
yo
,
Neither
the
King
nor
I
can
undo
that
which
God
Almighty
,
the
Subjects
,
and
ill
Successes
have
done
.
So
a
few
daies
after
Olivares
went
to
Loches
in
a
close
privat
Coach
at
the
back-gate
of
the
Court
,
for
fear
of
the
fury
of
the
people
,
and
he
was
seated
between
two
Jesuits
as
if
he
had
bin
going
to
execution
,
which
was
a
true
morall
one
;
but
som
two
yeers
after
Death
the
common
Executioner
of
all
Man-kind
took
him
away
.
The
next
day
the
King
calld
a
Councell
of
State
where
he
made
a
Speech
unto
them
,
that
he
had
deprivd
the
Conde
Duke
of
Olivares
of
his
Service
not
for
any
Crime
that
he
had
committed
,
but
to
give
satisfaction
to
his
Subjects
,
therfore
his
desire
was
that
the
memory
of
the
Conde
Duke
might
be
kept
in
esteem
among
all
men
for
the
good
Services
which
he
had
so
faithfully
rendred
to
the
Crown
so
many
yeers
,
protesting
for
the
future
not
to
give
the
Title
of
Privado
,
or
Favorit
to
any
Minister
whatsoever
,
being
resolvd
that
all
weighty
matters
shold
pass
through
his
own
hands
.
This
was
the
sad
Catastrophe
of
Olivares
his
Greatnes
,
a
man
nothing
of
so
candid
and
debonnair
dispositions
as
his
Predecessor
,
witnes
his
disaffection
to
his
neerest
Kindred
,
as
also
to
the
Duke
of
Lerma
,
against
whom
he
discoverd
much
malevolence
to
his
death
;
Among
others
,
one
passage
was
,
that
when
the
Prince
of
Wales
was
to
pass
by
Valladolid
where
Lerma
livd
,
he
had
a
speciall
Mandat
sent
him
to
absent
himself
in
the
interim
from
the
Town
till
the
Prince
was
gone
;
this
went
to
the
heart
of
the
old
Duke
,
who
sayd
therupon
,
that
Olivares
had
done
him
from
time
to
time
many
ill
offices
,
but
this
carried
more
malice
then
any
of
the
rest
,
which
he
much
resented
in
regard
he
had
so
earnest
a
desire
to
see
the
Prince
and
to
speak
with
him
,
he
having
bin
the
first
who
put
the
Treaty
of
alliance
on
foot
,
therfore
it
was
suspected
that
he
wold
have
discoverd
somthing
unto
him
prejudiciall
to
Spain
.
But
to
give
Don
Gaspar
de
Olivares
his
due
,
he
had
solid
and
sufficient
parts
for
a
great
Minister
of
state
,
his
passions
were
very
high
for
the
greatning
of
his
Master
,
to
the
transactions
of
whose
affairs
he
indefatigably
addicted
himself
;
He
was
a
professd
Enemy
to
all
Presents
,
he
never
usd
to
give
audience
to
Ladies
,
or
any
women
,
but
wold
receive
their
busines
by
Letters
.
Lastly
,
the
greatest
fault
which
I
find
he
could
be
guilty
of
was
,
that
he
was
not
so
succesfull
as
he
was
sedulous
.
Thus
fell
that
huge
Swayer
of
the
Spanish
Monarchy
above
thirty
yeers
,
and
it
seems
with
the
Kings
favor
,
his
spirits
quickly
fayld
him
;
for
removing
from
Loches
to
Toro
,
he
there
met
with
his
last
about
sixteen
months
after
.
His
body
being
opend
there
was
found
in
his
Skull
above
two
pounds
of
Brains
,
and
at
the
day
of
his
buriall
,
there
was
a
huge
Tempest
fell
with
extraordinary
fulgurations
and
cracks
of
Thunder
,
as
we
read
,
that
when
Katherin
de
Medici
was
buried
in
France
,
there
fell
such
a
hidious
storm
that
fifty
Sayl
of
Merchant-men
were
cast
away
upon
the
Coasts
of
Britany
:
The
sorest
Enemy
Olivares
had
was
the
Queen
,
which
made
him
say
that
Muger
hizo
echar
el
primer
hombre
fuera
de'l
parayso
;
y
muger
hizo
echar
a
mi
fuera
del
palacio
,
A
Woman
was
the
cause
that
the
first
man
was
thrust
out
of
Paradice
,
and
a
Woman
was
the
cause
that
I
also
was
thrust
out
of
the
Kings
Palace
.
The
Conde
de
Castrillo
brother
to
the
Marquess
of
Carpio
,
who
was
brother-in-law
to
Olivares
,
was
one
of
the
chiefest
Engins
which
helpd
to
pull
down
this
great
Tree
,
being
a
sober
and
wise
well
weighd
man
:
He
is
now
Vice-roy
of
Naples
having
succeeded
the
little
Conde
d
Ognate
who
had
done
such
signall
supererogatory
Services
in
suppressing
those
horrid
tumults
in
Naples
where
the
power
of
Spain
was
upon
point
of
sinking
;
and
his
wisdom
was
no
less
discernd
in
settling
peace
,
and
stopping
the
wide
breaches
wherwith
that
Kingdom
had
bin
so
miserably
rent
,
as
also
in
finding
out
and
punishing
the
chiefest
Incendiaries
,
wherof
there
were
divers
who
felt
the
sharp
Sword
of
Nemesis
;
And
lastly
,
for
devising
waies
to
raise
sums
countervaylable
to
those
Gabels
and
Taxes
,
which
the
King
was
enforcd
to
abolish
by
the
fury
of
the
people
.
And
now
will
I
take
leave
of
the
gentle
Parthenope
,
that
three
Castled
and
high
crested
Citty
,
but
a
few
words
further
of
her
Pedigree
before
we
part
;
she
was
built
presently
after
the
Wars
of
Troy
by
a
young
Grecian
Lady
calld
Parthenope
,
whose
statue
is
to
be
seen
there
:
She
was
Daughter
of
Eumelus
Son
to
Admetus
King
of
Thessaly
,
after
her
Fathers
death
she
consulted
with
the
Oracle
at
Delphos
what
her
Fortunes
shold
be
,
the
Oracle
told
her
that
she
was
designd
for
another
Country
,
to
be
the
Foundress
of
a
noble
Citty
which
shold
be
famous
all
the
Earth
over
,
therfore
she
embarkd
her self
with
divers
more
,
and
sayling
along
the
Tyrrhen
Sea
,
she
landed
at
last
in
the
next
Promontory
to
Naples
,
whence
as
the
Legend
tells
a
white
Dove
conducted
her
to
that
palce
,
where
Naples
now
stands
,
where
she
began
to
build
and
trace
a
Citty
,
which
she
calld
by
her
own
name
Parthenope
,
or
the
Virgin
Citty
,
which
appellation
continued
till
Octavianus
the
Emperor
who
first
calld
her
Neapolis
,
or
the
City
of
Navigation
,
she
being
in
rising
postures
like
an
Amphitheater
on
the
Sea-side
,
and
wonderfull
comodious
for
trafic
,
she
abounds
with
Silks
,
Oyles
,
Flowers
,
Fruits
,
and
a
most
generous
Race
of
Horses
,
as
any
place
upon
the
earthly
Globe
:
As
her
Horses
are
generous
,
so
they
are
observd
to
be
more
docile
,
and
neer
to
rationall
Creatures
then
any
where
else
,
for
which
this
instance
shall
be
producd
;
Cardinall
Bentivoglio
sent
Henry
the
Fourth
of
France
a
choice
Napolitan
Courser
with
his
Keeper
;
when
the
Horse
was
brought
before
the
King
,
he
commanded
one
of
his
Riders
to
mount
him
,
who
neither
with
Switch
or
Spur
wold
scarce
stir
or
shew
any
feats
of
activity
,
the
King
herupon
and
the
Beholders
began
to
disparage
the
Horse
,
taking
him
for
som
dull
Jade
,
hereupon
the
King
desird
an
Italian
Rider
to
mount
him
,
the
Horse
when
he
saw
his
own
Rider
ready
to
back
him
,
fell
a
trembling
all
over
,
but
the
Rider
being
got
up
he
began
to
prance
and
flounce
so
nimbly
as
if
he
wold
have
flown
into
the
Air
,
to
the
amazement
of
all
the
Spectators
,
so
King
Henry
with
the
Present
beggd
the
Rider
of
the
Cardinall
,
whom
he
entertaind
all
his
life-time
.
The
Napolitan
being
born
in
a
luxurious
Country
is
observd
to
be
the
greatest
Embracer
of
pleasure
,
the
greatest
Courtier
of
Ladies
,
and
the
most
indulgent
of
himself
of
any
other
Nation
,
insomuch
that
no
command
of
the
King
can
make
a
Napolitan
Gentleman
to
go
upon
any
Service
for
three
months
in
Sommer
till
the
heats
are
over
:
They
are
full
of
Noble
Friendship
one
to
another
,
and
somtime
they
make
their
love
to
men
controul
their
lust
to
women
;
As
there
was
a
notable
example
these
late
yeers
in
the
person
of
the
young
Marquess
Oliverio
,
who
being
desperatly
in
love
with
the
Countess
of
Castlenovo
,
layd
siege
to
her
a
good
while
,
and
the
Count
going
to
a
Country-house
of
his
,
and
taking
his
Countess
and
Family
with
him
,
the
Marquess
being
more
and
more
enflamd
,
goes
to
the
Country
hard
by
one
day
a
Hawking
and
let
flies
his
Hawk
into
the
Count
of
Castlenovos
Gardens
,
where
it
chancd
he
and
his
Countes
were
walking
,
the
Marquess
made
bold
to
retreeve
his
Hawk
,
the
Count
with
very
high
Civilities
did
welcom
him
,
and
causd
a
Banquet
to
be
presently
provided
,
where
he
and
his
Lady
entertaind
him
;
being
gone
the
Count
began
to
commend
the
Marquess
,
telling
his
wife
that
he
was
one
of
the
hopefullst
young
Noble
men
,
and
the
fullest
of
parts
of
any
in
the
whole
Kingdom
;
These
praises
made
such
impressions
in
the
Countess
that
a
little
after
he
gaind
her
,
so
the
time
and
place
of
pleasure
being
appointed
,
he
was
let
in
a
privat
way
to
her
Chamber
,
where
she
being
a
bed
as
he
was
undressing
himself
to
go
to
her
,
she
told
him
that
he
was
beholden
to
the
Count
her
Husband
for
this
Favor
,
for
she
never
heard
him
speak
so
much
in
commendation
of
any
;
Is
it
so
,
sayd
the
Marquess
?
then
I
shold
be
the
arrantst
Villan
in
the
world
to
abuse
so
noble
a
Friend
,
so
he
put
on
his
Dubblet
agen
,
and
departed
(
but
with
much
civillity
)
in
the
very
height
and
heat
of
lust
,
though
he
had
so
commodious
conjuncture
of
time
as
his
heart
could
desire
.
But
as
the
Napolitan
have
a
high
noble
method
of
Friendship
amongst
them
,
so
are
they
as
revengfull
as
any
other
Italian
:
Among
a
world
of
examples
that
could
be
producd
,
let
this
suffice
;
In
the
ancient
Citty
of
Nocera
there
were
three
young
Noble-men
calld
Conrado
,
Cesare
,
and
Alexandro
,
the
eldest
was
Prince
of
the
place
(
before
Charles
the
Fifts
time
.
)
There
was
and
is
still
in
Nocera
a
strong
Castle
where
the
Prince
Conrado
had
a
Garrison
wherof
he
made
a
Confident
of
his
Captain
,
and
Keeper
of
the
Castle
,
the
Prince
most
of
his
time
kept
in
his
Country-house
and
his
Brothers
also
,
but
somtimes
he
wold
com
and
ly
som
dayes
in
his
Castle
;
It
fortund
that
his
Captain
having
a
comly
woman
to
his
wife
the
Prince
fell
in
love
with
,
and
never
left
till
he
enjoyd
her
,
which
he
had
done
often
to
the
knowledg
of
her
husband
,
so
beating
his
brains
how
to
be
revengd
he
fell
upon
this
way
;
The
Prince
being
at
his
Country-house
▪
the
Captain
sent
him
word
that
there
were
two
wild
Boares
discoverd
in
the
Forrest
hard
by
,
therfore
if
he
and
his
two
Brothers
wold
com
such
a
day
with
their
Dogs
,
he
doubted
not
but
they
shold
find
very
Princely
sport
;
So
Conrado
came
with
his
second
brother
Cesare
,
but
Alexander
could
not
com
till
two
dayes
a●ter
,
so
the
Captain
had
provided
a
fitting
Supper
for
the
Prince
and
his
brother
,
who
had
brought
another
Noble-man
with
him
to
have
part
of
the
Sport
,
the
Prince
and
the
sayd
Noble-man
lodgd
in
the
Castle
,
but
Cesare
lay
in
the
Town
;
The
Captain
was
wonderfull
officious
to
attend
the
Prince
to
his
Chamber
,
but
having
confederated
with
the
chiefest
of
the
Garrison
in
the
dead
of
night
they
rushd
into
the
Prince
his
Chamber
,
and
the
first
thing
they
did
they
chopd
of
his
Genitories
,
then
his
Head
,
which
they
put
to
stand
on
a
window
,
and
quarterd
the
rest
of
his
body
;
This
being
done
very
silently
,
in
the
morning
betimes
they
sent
in
the
Prince
his
name
for
his
second
brother
to
com
in
all
hast
▪
when
Prince
Cesare
came
,
the
Captain
waited
upon
him
to
his
brothers
Chamber
,
where
the
first
Object
he
beheld
was
Conrados
head
upon
a
window
and
his
members
quarterd
and
strewd
up
and
down
the
Room
;
ah
,
sayd
Cesare
,
is
this
the
wild
Boar
you
writ
of
,
yes
,
answered
the
Captain
,
but
I
writ
to
you
of
two
,
so
they
fell
upon
Him
also
,
and
made
the
like
Sacrifice
of
revenge
upon
him
;
this
being
done
the
Captain
barrd
up
the
Gates
,
and
going
upon
the
walls
of
the
Castle
he
sent
for
the
chief
of
the
Town
,
&
made
a
Speech
unto
them
in
what
slavery
they
livd
in
under
Conrado
,
therfore
if
they
ever
desird
liberty
there
was
a
fair
opportunity
offerrd
now
,
because
he
had
Conrado
in
his
Custody
,
and
he
could
do
with
him
what
he
pleasd
;
But
the
Cittizens
wold
hearken
to
no
such
motion
,
so
they
sent
speedy
word
to
Alexander
the
younger
brother
,
who
coming
with
som
Country
forces
,
the
Citty
joynd
with
them
and
beleagurd
the
Castle
,
the
Captain
finding
his
case
to
be
desperat
,
takes
his
wife
first
on
a
high
Turret
and
hurld
her
down
amongst
them
,
then
his
Children
,
and
afterwards
murtherd
himself
in
the
ey
of
all
the
Citty
.
There
is
no
Country
swarms
with
Nobility
more
then
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
the
number
wherof
do
daily
encrease
,
insomuch
that
the
last
account
which
was
taken
,
there
were
in
Naples
,
Calabria
,
and
Apulia
,
with
the
rest
of
the
twelve
Provinces
adjoynd
,
two
thousand
Barons
,
fifty
Dukes
,
ninety
Marquesses
,
seventy
Earls
and
five
Princes
;
But
som
of
these
Nobles
have
but
slender
Estates
,
as
Aretin
reports
,
who
sayes
,
that
three
Marquesses
in
Lunigiana
were
found
eating
of
Figgs
off
one
Tree
to
keep
them
from
starving
.
Now
,
though
the
Spaniard
entitle
himself
King
of
both
the
Sicilies
,
yet
he
holds
the
latter
,
I
mean
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
in
Fee
from
the
Pope
,
whom
he
acknowledgeth
to
be
Lord-Paramount
therof
by
right
of
Donation
to
the
Church
▪
Therfore
the
Spanish
Ambassador
upon
the
Vigile
of
Saint
Peter
,
or
every
Saint
Peters
Eve
,
presents
the
Pope
in
his
Masters
name
with
a
Heriot
,
and
a
Rent
;
viz.
With
a
Mu●e
and
seven
thousand
Duckets
in
Gold
,
at
the
reception
wherof
the
Pope
answers
,
Sufficiat
pro
hac
vice
,
Let
it
suffice
for
this
time
,
and
till
this
be
done
,
the
great
Catholic
King
lyeth
under
an
Excomunication
,
which
in
a
short
compass
of
time
is
layed
on
him
,
and
taken
off
every
yeer
.
I.
H.
Senesco
non
Segnesco
.
FINIS
.