BOOK
I.
The
CONTENTS
of
the
First
Book
.
The
greatness
of
the
Subject
of
the
ensuing
History
.
The
newness
,
and
advantage
of
it
.
The
Original
of
the
Turks
,
and
their
Conquest
in
Asia
from
the
Sarasens
.
The
Conference
of
Peter
the
Hermite
with
the
Patriarch
of
Jerusalem
.
The
Description
of
the
Hermite
.
His
Negotiation
with
Pope
Urban
the
Second
,
and
his
Preaching
the
Crusade
.
The
Relation
of
the
Council
of
Placentia
,
that
of
the
Council
of
Clermond
.
The
horrible
Disorders
occasioned
by
the
little
Wars
between
private
Persons
which
were
tolerated
in
those
times
,
and
which
were
regulated
by
the
Canon
of
the
Peace
and
the
Truce
.
Aymar
de
Monteil
Bishop
of
Pavia
,
Legate
of
the
Pope
for
the
Crusade
.
The
prodigious
number
of
those
who
took
upon
them
the
Cross
,
and
the
Disorders
that
insued
.
The
Names
of
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
.
An
account
of
Duke
Godfrey
,
and
his
Character
.
He
sends
Peter
the
Hermite
before
him
.
A
Description
of
the
Conduct
and
manner
of
living
of
this
Solitary
.
He
divides
his
Army
into
two
Bodies
.
The
Disorder
and
Ruin
of
the
first
under
Gautier
Monyless
.
The
greater
Disorder
and
ill
Fortune
of
the
second
commanded
by
Peter
himself
.
The
Defeat
of
two
other
Armies
of
Crusades
conducted
by
a
Priest
Godescalc
and
Count
Emico
,
their
overthrow
by
the
Hungarians
.
The
Conference
of
Peter
the
Hermite
with
the
Emperor
Alexis
.
The
Character
,
Conduct
,
and
secret
designs
of
that
Prince
,
and
the
reasons
of
his
perfidiousness
.
The
passage
of
the
Hermites
Army
into
Asia
,
and
the
continuance
of
their
disorders
.
The
Italians
and
Germans
separate
from
the
French
.
The
first
overthrown
by
young
Soliman
Sultan
of
Nice
.
The
first
Battle
of
Nice
where
the
other
part
are
overthrown
also
by
Soliman
.
The
Voyage
of
Godfrey
of
Bullen
,
and
the
Princes
that
accompanied
him
.
The
Voyage
of
Hugh
the
Great
,
and
the
Princes
that
followed
him
.
his
Character
,
Conduct
,
and
Imprisonment
by
the
Greek
Emperor
.
The
War
of
Godfrey
against
Alexis
.
The
Extremity
to
which
the
Emperor
is
reduced
,
and
the
Treaty
concluded
between
him
and
the
Princes
.
The
Relation
of
the
Conquests
and
Settlement
of
the
Normans
in
Italy
.
The
Voyage
of
Bohemond
Prince
of
Tarentum
,
and
the
Princes
that
went
along
with
him
.
The
Voyage
of
Raymond
de
Tholose
,
of
Aymar
de
Monteil
Bishop
of
Pavia
,
and
the
other
Princes
and
Lords
which
accompanied
them
.
The
Character
of
that
Earl
,
his
Conference
with
the
Emperor
,
and
the
Treachery
of
that
Prince
.
The
Voyage
of
Robert
Duke
of
Normandy
,
his
Character
,
and
Treaty
with
the
Emperor
.
IF
ever
any
Undertaking
were
capable
of
possessing
the
Historian
with
a
just
fear
of
defeating
the
mighty
Expectation
of
his
Reader
,
most
assuredly
it
may
be
apprehended
in
attempting
the
Design
of
relating
the
ensuing
History
of
the
Crusade
.
And
indeed
amidst
all
the
most
extraordinary
Revolutions
which
may
be
found
either
in
the
Establishment
of
New
,
or
the
Ruine
of
the
Ancient
Monarchies
,
one
shall
difficultly
meet
with
any
thing
more
memorable
;
and
whether
we
consider
the
Vastness
and
Importance
of
this
Famous
Enterprize
of
the
Crusado's
,
or
the
Quality
of
the
Persons
who
have
fortunately
executed
,
or
unsuccessfully
attempted
this
great
Design
;
whether
we
compute
the
number
or
variety
of
those
extraordinary
Events
which
were
accompanied
with
such
diversity
of
Fortune
;
or
,
in
short
,
if
we
take
a
Survey
of
those
Heroick
Actions
which
were
then
performed
,
one
shall
find
them
such
,
as
not
scarcely
to
be
out-done
even
by
the
Romantick
Atchievements
of
the
Fabulous
Ages
.
One
shall
there
see
the
Holy
Wars
,
which
the
Christians
have
undertaken
either
to
reconquer
or
preserve
a
Country
wherein
all
the
glorious
Mysteries
of
the
Redemption
of
Mankind
were
accomplished
;
and
which
the
Worshippers
of
the
Eternal
Son
of
God
Jesus
Christ
did
believe
that
they
could
not
,
without
infamy
and
betraying
the
Interest
of
their
Religion
,
permit
to
remain
under
the
Tyrannick
Dominion
of
Barbarous
Infidels
.
On
the
one
Part
,
three
of
the
greatest
Kings
of
France
:
as
many
Emperours
,
the
Kings
of
England
,
Denmark
,
Hungary
,
Navar
and
Cyprus
;
the
Dukes
of
Lorrain
,
Normandy
,
Austria
and
Suabia
,
and
most
of
the
Princes
of
Europe
appeared
at
the
head
of
their
Troops
,
being
followed
by
whatever
was
brave
or
gallant
throughout
all
the
Western
Monarchies
:
on
the
other
side
the
Sultans
of
Aegypt
,
of
Babylon
and
Damascus
,
with
all
the
celebrated
Princes
of
the
Turks
and
Sarasens
,
who
have
rendred
their
names
so
famous
by
the
greatness
of
their
Actions
,
are
the
Hero's
who
must
tread
the
stage
of
this
History
,
persons
so
considerable
,
that
singly
they
might
furnish
a
very
fair
Volume
.
All
that
is
surprizing
in
unexpected
successes
,
all
that
is
so
admirably
represented
in
Fiction
,
or
wonderful
in
the
most
Heroick
Enterprises
,
will
be
found
in
the
following
Account
,
and
to
render
it
yet
more
valuable
will
be
accompanied
with
that
solid
foundation
of
Truth
,
which
will
distinguish
it
from
those
ingenious
Fictions
which
have
been
invented
with
so
much
pain
,
to
produce
some
pleasure
to
the
Readers
.
That
I
may
therefore
endeavour
that
this
History
may
in
some
sort
appear
new
,
and
with
all
its
natural
Ornaments
,
at
least
that
it
may
not
want
that
little
beauty
which
even
the
most
indifferent
Relations
seem
to
challenge
;
it
is
to
be
considered
that
though
these
matters
have
been
often
heretofore
related
,
either
in
some
parts
by
particular
Authors
,
or
in
the
general
Histories
of
such
Natures
as
have
had
more
or
less
concern
in
this
affair
of
the
Crusade
,
yet
the
World
hath
not
hitherto
seen
them
wrought
together
into
one
Regular
composure
,
with
all
the
dependencies
,
consequencies
and
connexions
,
nor
with
that
continued
Chain
of
Causes
and
Effects
,
and
such
Circumstances
as
might
render
the
work
so
accomplished
and
delicate
as
it
ought
to
be
;
and
in
which
the
charming
secret
which
doth
so
insensibly
allure
and
please
,
consists
;
and
which
is
indeed
the
soul
and
spirit
of
History
,
and
ought
to
be
the
End
of
every
just
Historian
.
Moreover
,
as
the
Subject
is
so
Noble
and
agreeable
,
so
neither
is
it
less
advantagious
then
delightful
;
For
here
one
shall
find
the
great
Concerns
of
the
Church
,
of
two
mighty
Empires
,
and
the
Principal
Estates
of
Europe
and
Asia
:
there
shall
one
discover
the
causes
which
occasioned
that
glorious
design
so
often
to
fall
,
and
yet
afterwards
to
rise
again
:
there
may
we
see
that
Zeal
of
our
Ancestors
which
seems
to
reproach
our
slow
imitation
;
Especially
at
a
time
when
the
Forces
of
one
single
Monarch
,
could
he
but
remain
assured
of
his
Neighbours
,
are
sufficient
to
ruine
the
Tyranny
of
those
Infidels
,
whose
power
consists
chiefly
in
those
fatal
divisions
among
Christians
,
which
hitherto
have
prevented
their
employing
their
Arms
to
their
destruction
.
However
the
hope
that
my
endeavours
will
not
be
unprofitable
,
and
that
God
Almighty
whose
help
I
implore
will
assist
me
with
his
Grace
,
and
bestow
that
happy
success
,
which
is
not
to
be
expected
from
me
,
have
given
me
encouragement
to
pursue
this
difficult
task
which
I
have
undertaken
.
year
637
It
was
about
400
years
that
the
Arabian
Sarasens
under
their
Caliphs
the
successors
of
Mahomet
having
made
themselves
Masters
of
all
the
upper
Asia
and
Aegypt
,
did
also
possess
the
Holy
Land
,
after
which
time
the
Turks
siezing
upon
it
did
by
their
revolt
establish
a
new
Empire
over
Asia
,
these
People
are
originally
descended
from
that
part
of
the
Asiatique
Sarmatia
which
lies
between
Mount
Caucasus
and
the
River
Tanais
,
the
Lake
of
Meotis
and
the
Caspian
Sea
.
And
whether
it
were
,
that
they
were
dissatisfied
with
their
present
Habitations
,
or
that
they
were
forced
from
them
by
some
new
Intruders
,
most
certain
it
is
,
that
having
divided
themselves
to
search
for
new
Regions
,
one
part
of
them
marching
Westward
,
advanced
by
degrees
as
far
as
the
banks
of
the
Danubius
;
and
the
other
far
more
numerous
,
moving
towards
the
East
,
passed
the
River
Volga
,
and
settled
in
the
Northern
Climates
bordering
upon
the
Caspian
Sea
,
formerly
the
habitation
of
the
Scythians
and
Massagetes
,
and
which
at
this
day
retains
the
name
of
Turquestan
by
them
imposed
upon
it
,
lying
all
along
the
River
Jaxartes
;
and
not
long
after
passing
that
River
they
extended
their
Consines
as
far
as
Maurenthor
betwixt
that
River
and
the
Oxus
,
or
as
the
Greeks
called
it
the
River
Araxis
;
year
585
and
from
thence
during
the
Empire
of
Mauritius
,
by
the
way
of
the
Caspian
Sea
they
transported
themselves
into
Persia
where
they
made
great
depredations
and
ravaged
whole
Provinces
.
year
625
Afterwards
we
find
that
they
served
Heraclius
in
the
War
which
he
made
against
Cosroes
.
But
when
about
the
year
640
Omar
one
of
the
Successors
of
Mahomet
had
reduced
all
Persia
under
the
Empire
of
the
Sarasens
,
the
Turks
to
whom
he
allotted
certain
Countries
,
entred
into
his
pay
and
served
him
in
his
Wars
against
the
Greek
Emperors
for
almost
400
years
;
till
such
times
as
the
Sarasens
being
mightily
broken
by
their
Intestine
Divisions
,
and
the
Turks
on
the
other
hand
wonderfully
augmented
both
in
number
and
Strength
,
they
embodied
themselves
under
a
Prince
of
their
own
,
chusing
one
of
the
Descendants
of
Salgue
or
Sadock
,
a
Person
to
whom
the
People
paid
a
singular
Veneration
;
And
in
conclusion
having
vanquished
the
Sarasens
in
three
general
Battles
,
they
rendred
themselves
Masters
of
all
Persia
about
the
year
1042
and
afterwards
of
Mesopotamia
,
Palestine
,
and
Syria
,
changing
their
Religion
also
about
the
same
time
with
their
Fortune
,
and
being
converted
from
Paganism
to
the
Superstition
of
Mahomet
that
great
Impostor
.
This
Victorious
Prince
whom
the
Arabians
call
Abutalip
,
the
Greeks
Sangrolipax
,
and
William
of
Tyre
,
Belphet
or
Belphetoc
,
after
he
had
spent
above
thirty
years
in
the
Establishment
of
this
mighty
new
Monarchy
in
the
Upper
Asia
;
entred
also
the
Lesser
Asia
with
a
most
numerous
Army
,
where
in
a
set
Battle
he
defeated
and
took
Prisoner
Diogenes
,
the
Roman
Emperor
.
year
1069
After
which
Victory
the
Turks
under
the
Conduct
of
Cuthume
and
his
Son
Solyman
,
near
Relations
to
the
Sultan
,
seized
upon
the
Realm
of
Pontus
since
called
Turcomania
,
the
Provinces
of
Lycaonia
,
year
1081
Cappadocia
,
and
Bithynia
,
and
about
the
Year
1081.
during
the
Divisions
of
the
Greeks
,
and
the
sluggish
Emperors
Michel
Ducas
,
and
Nicephorus
Botoniatus
who
was
deposed
by
Alexis
Comnenius
,
Solyman
placed
the
Seat
of
his
Empire
at
Nice
the
Capital
City
of
that
Country
.
It
was
then
under
the
Tyranny
of
these
Turkish
Princes
,
that
all
Asia
,
Syria
,
and
Palestine
,
and
the
City
of
Jerusalem
lay
groaning
and
in
Servitude
,
when
it
pleased
God
to
inflame
the
hearts
of
the
Christian
Princes
with
a
Noble
Zeal
to
undertake
the
Conquest
and
Deliverance
of
the
Holy
Land
,
which
they
accomplished
in
that
wonderful
manner
,
which
I
am
now
about
to
relate
.
year
1093
Among
the
great
number
of
Pilgrims
which
continually
resorted
from
all
the
Western
Parts
of
Europe
to
visit
the
Holy
Places
of
Palestine
,
a
French-man
of
Amiens
in
Picardie
,
a
Solitary
by
Profession
,
whose
name
was
Peter
the
Hermite
,
about
the
Year
1093.
took
a
Voyage
to
Jerusalem
to
satisfie
his
Devotion
towards
the
Sacred
Monuments
of
the
Redemption
of
mankind
.
Being
arrived
there
,
he
understood
from
his
Host
the
miserable
condition
to
which
the
Christians
were
reduced
;
and
having
taken
a
view
himself
of
the
piteous
estate
of
that
desolate
City
,
he
resolved
to
confer
with
the
Patriarch
Simeon
,
not
only
to
receive
a
more
perfect
Information
of
the
truth
of
those
Particulars
,
but
also
to
deliberate
with
him
,
concerning
some
means
of
delivering
the
People
of
God
from
their
cruel
Servitude
.
The
Patriarch
who
quickly
perceived
the
virtuous
inclinations
and
brisk
temper
of
the
Hermite
,
opened
to
him
his
very
Soul
,
he
recounted
to
him
in
most
passionate
Language
the
innumerable
and
horrible
Sacriledges
,
which
were
by
the
Infidels
daily
committed
within
the
most
Holy
Places
,
and
the
insupportable
miseries
which
not
only
the
poor
Christians
,
but
the
Patriarchs
themselves
who
were
treated
like
Slaves
,
had
been
forced
to
indure
under
their
tyrannous
and
barbarous
Lords
,
by
the
space
of
five
hundred
years
.
After
which
with
many
bitter
Sighs
he
gave
him
to
understand
,
that
considering
the
lamentable
estate
of
the
Eastern
Empire
,
the
Evils
which
they
suffered
were
not
only
insupportable
,
but
without
all
expectation
of
Redress
,
unless
they
might
hope
for
Assistance
from
the
West
.
Peter
,
who
was
most
sensibly
touched
with
the
Discourse
of
the
Patriarch
,
year
1093
and
the
miseries
of
which
he
was
an
Eye-witness
himself
,
being
immediately
filled
with
an
extraordinary
Zeal
for
the
Publick
Good
,
made
no
difficulty
to
assure
the
Patriarch
that
he
doubted
not
in
the
least
,
but
if
the
Pope
and
the
Christian
Princes
of
the
West
were
truly
informed
of
the
deplorable
condition
of
the
Christians
in
the
Holy
Land
,
that
they
would
unite
in
a
generous
Resolution
to
break
off
the
Manacles
of
their
Slavery
,
and
deliver
the
Holy
Places
from
the
tyrannick
Yoke
of
the
Enemies
of
Jesus
Christ
.
And
therefore
he
advised
the
Patriarch
to
write
effectually
to
them
and
implore
the
Succour
of
their
Arms
,
upon
which
the
only
Hopes
of
the
Deliverance
of
the
Christians
of
Palestine
could
depend
;
and
for
his
own
particular
he
very
couragiously
offered
to
carry
those
Lords
throughout
the
West
,
and
to
do
all
the
Good
Offices
he
was
capable
of
towards
the
exciting
of
the
Christian
Princes
to
undertake
an
Enterprize
so
glorious
,
so
necessary
for
the
Honor
,
and
the
Common
Interest
and
good
of
all
Christendom
.
Simeon
surprized
with
the
Resolution
and
Courage
of
the
Hermite
,
which
he
observed
to
be
accompanied
also
with
so
much
Wisdom
,
was
struck
with
a
strong
Impulse
,
that
God
Almighty
was
resolved
to
deliver
his
People
in
such
a
manner
as
should
redound
most
to
his
own
Glory
,
since
the
Instrument
which
he
made
use
of
for
the
accomplishment
of
such
a
marvellous
Work
,
carried
such
a
disproportion
to
the
Greatness
of
so
high
and
so
hardy
an
Enterprise
;
for
in
Truth
Peter
carried
nothing
promising
in
his
Person
,
which
might
make
it
be
believed
that
he
was
like
to
be
a
proper
Negotiator
of
an
Affair
of
that
Importance
;
for
he
was
small
of
Stature
,
and
not
well
proportioned
neither
,
his
Aspect
was
by
no
means
agreeable
,
and
he
was
far
from
sweetning
by
Art
those
ruder
Lineaments
of
his
Visage
,
insomuch
that
by
the
little
care
he
took
,
in
which
others
bestow
so
much
pains
,
to
make
himself
appear
tolerable
,
he
rather
resembled
some
savage
Creature
,
his
hair
disordered
,
his
Beard
long
and
long
neglected
;
and
considering
the
Austerity
of
his
Life
,
his
ill
shape
and
the
meanness
of
his
Habit
,
those
who
were
not
accustomed
to
make
very
curious
and
penetrating
discoveries
,
could
not
but
make
a
very
disadvantagious
Judgement
of
him
;
But
coming
more
narrowly
to
consider
him
,
it
was
easie
to
discover
,
that
as
he
had
been
very
studious
in
all
sorts
of
Learning
,
so
he
had
made
very
great
Improvements
in
his
Mind
,
and
that
together
with
a
solid
Judgement
he
had
a
great
Mind
,
an
admirable
Resolution
to
attempt
,
and
a
marvellous
Vivacity
in
the
ready
Execution
of
what
he
had
resolved
;
that
he
was
Master
of
a
Natural
Eloquence
,
capable
of
perswading
what
he
pleased
without
Artifice
;
and
,
in
short
,
there
appeared
in
his
Eyes
a
fire
so
quick
and
sparkling
,
and
something
so
Noble
in
his
Air
and
Mine
,
as
was
sufficient
to
convince
one
that
there
dwelt
a
great
Soul
in
that
little
Body
.
year
1093
The
Patriarch
therefore
who
had
observed
all
these
Excellent
Qualities
,
hearing
him
discourse
with
so
much
Resolution
,
could
not
doubt
but
that
God
had
chosen
him
for
the
Execution
of
this
great
design
,
and
therefore
closely
embracing
him
,
with
a
thousand
thanks
he
accepted
of
his
Proposition
,
exhorting
him
with
Courage
and
Fidelity
to
acquit
himself
of
a
Charge
which
he
had
with
so
much
Zeal
and
Frankness
undertaken
;
and
presently
delivered
to
his
hands
the
Dispatches
which
he
desired
should
be
delivered
to
the
Pope
and
the
Christian
Princes
of
the
West
.
The
Natural
Generosity
of
a
Person
of
Courage
who
had
voluntarily
engaged
himself
in
an
Enterprise
so
great
and
difficult
,
was
sufficient
of
it self
to
remove
all
the
fear
which
might
be
apprehended
in
the
Execution
;
but
however
he
was
strongly
perswaded
,
that
since
Providence
seemed
so
extraordinarily
engaged
,
nothing
was
able
to
surmount
the
Divine
Power
,
and
that
therefore
he
might
be
confident
of
a
happy
and
successful
Conclusion
of
this
Affair
.
Peter
now
resolved
to
put
in
Execution
what
he
had
promised
the
Patriarch
Simeon
,
the
Evening
before
his
departure
shut
himself
up
in
the
Church
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
there
to
pass
the
night
in
Prayer
,
with
all
his
Soul
to
implore
the
Succor
of
Almighty
God
upon
such
an
important
occasion
;
and
after
his
Devotions
falling
asleep
,
whether
it
were
that
his
imagination
violently
prepossessed
with
his
intended
Enterprise
,
acted
upon
his
Soul
more
vigorously
during
his
sleep
than
while
he
was
awake
,
or
that
God
was
pleased
to
make
use
of
a
Dream
to
reveal
his
pleasure
to
him
as
formerly
he
had
to
the
Holy
Prophets
,
in
his
sleep
there
seemed
to
appear
to
him
Jesus
Christ
in
such
a
Condition
as
he
was
when
he
arose
from
the
Sepulchre
,
who
coming
towards
him
and
softly
jogging
him
,
said
,
Arise
Peter
and
immediately
go
about
the
Charge
Imposed
on
thee
,
I
will
be
ever
with
thee
;
It
is
high
time
that
the
Sanctity
of
these
places
Consecrated
by
my
Presence
should
cease
to
be
profaned
,
and
that
I
should
deliver
my
People
from
the
Cruel
Servitude
under
which
they
have
for
so
many
Ages
groaned
.
The
Hermite
presently
thereupon
awaking
,
felt
,
or
at
least
believed
he
felt
upon
his
Soul
the
Effects
of
an
Impression
,
far
different
from
what
Common
Dreams
are
wont
to
leave
upon
the
Mind
,
and
therefore
doubted
not
but
Jesus
Christ
had
thus
appeared
to
him
to
give
him
an
immediate
Commission
from
his
own
Mouth
.
This
Belief
which
did
so
firmly
Establish
it self
in
his
Soul
,
would
permit
him
no
longer
to
doubt
the
Truth
of
it
was
such
a
new
Confirmation
of
the
Truth
of
the
Heavenly
Vision
,
year
1093
that
adding
new
Fire
to
his
Flame
,
it
produced
in
his
Heart
the
Courage
of
a
Hero
,
insomuch
that
he
believed
there
was
nothing
able
to
resist
his
Enterprise
.
So
that
without
delaying
a
moment
,
having
received
the
Benediction
of
the
Patriarch
,
he
went
to
imbarque
upon
the
first
Merchants
Ship
which
he
should
meet
,
which
in
a
few
days
he
did
,
and
happily
arrived
at
the
Port
of
Bari
,
from
whence
he
proceeded
to
the
Court
of
the
Pope
.
The
Pope
then
being
was
Vrban
the
Second
,
a
Frenchman
by
Nation
,
of
the
Diocess
of
Rheims
,
who
after
he
had
with
great
applause
and
for
the
advantage
of
the
Church
managed
his
Legation
into
Germany
,
was
created
Cardinal
of
Ostia
;
and
Six
Years
after
he
was
chosen
Pope
at
Terracina
whither
the
Sacred
Colledge
was
retired
,
whilst
Guibert
the
Anti-Pope
assisted
by
the
Arms
of
the
Schismatique
Emperor
Henry
the
Fourth
possessed
the
City
of
Rome
;
but
Germany
and
Italy
declaring
against
the
Emperor
,
and
the
Anti-Pope
being
forced
to
retire
to
Verona
where
Henry
had
shut
himself
up
,
Vrban
who
was
unwilling
to
imploy
Force
,
which
he
could
have
done
,
to
re-enter
Rome
,
returned
thither
peaceably
and
was
received
by
the
City
,
although
the
Schismatiques
kept
still
the
Castle
of
St.
Angelo
.
Here
it
was
that
the
Hermite
addressed
himself
to
the
Pope
,
and
having
delivered
to
him
the
Letters
of
the
Patriarch
of
Jerusalem
,
he
gave
him
a
full
account
of
his
Commission
.
He
had
all
the
Success
he
could
hope
or
desire
to
find
from
this
Pope
,
in
whose
Soul
he
found
all
the
Inclination
he
could
wish
to
favour
so
fair
an
Enterprise
.
For
this
Pope
Vrban
,
who
had
not
only
a
great
Mind
,
but
a
large
Fond
of
Piety
and
Religion
,
but
had
also
been
the
great
Confident
of
Gregory
the
Seventh
,
year
1074
and
that
Pope
about
twenty
years
before
had
laid
a
Design
for
the
Uniting
of
all
the
Christian
Kingdoms
in
a
Holy
War
against
the
Infidels
,
who
having
ravaged
all
Asia
were
advanced
within
sight
of
the
Walls
of
Constantinople
,
which
they
also
threatned
to
attack
.
He
was
resolved
himself
in
Person
to
march
at
the
Head
of
the
Christians
,
of
whom
above
fifty
thousand
had
listed
themselves
,
and
were
ready
to
march
under
his
Conduct
;
but
the
jealousie
which
he
had
of
the
ill
Designs
of
the
Emperor
who
refused
to
joyn
with
him
in
this
Sacred
Expedition
,
obliged
him
to
break
those
Measures
,
and
to
apply
himself
to
the
defence
of
the
Church
which
was
in
Extream
Hazzard
of
being
oppressed
by
the
Avarice
and
Violence
of
that
Prince
.
But
Vrban
who
had
as
much
Courage
and
better
Fortune
than
Gregory
,
the
Obstacle
of
the
Schism
being
now
removed
,
resolved
strongly
to
undertake
an
Enterprise
so
illustrious
,
so
advantagious
to
the
Glory
of
God
,
so
necessary
to
the
good
of
all
Christendom
,
and
which
would
render
his
name
venerable
,
and
his
Pontificate
Memorable
to
all
Posterity
.
He
therefore
gave
the
Hermite
a
favourable
Reception
,
and
granted
him
long
Audiences
,
the
better
to
inform
himself
of
the
Exact
Posture
of
the
Eastern
Affairs
,
and
the
Forces
of
the
Turks
and
Sarasens
which
he
was
to
oppose
.
And
as
he
quickly
discovered
the
great
Qualities
of
this
little
man
whose
Appearance
made
yet
smaller
promises
,
perceiving
also
his
Address
,
good
Sense
,
and
the
Conduct
he
had
to
manage
this
great
Affair
,
together
with
the
Courage
and
Resolution
with
which
he
Espoused
the
Design
,
he
was
not
long
before
he
determined
,
to
make
use
of
him
alone
for
the
carrying
on
what
ever
was
necessary
for
the
Design
till
it
was
fit
for
him
publickly
to
appear
in
it
.
And
therefore
sending
for
the
Hermit
,
he
opened
his
very
heart
to
him
,
in
such
terms
as
made
it
evident
that
he
had
as
violent
a
Passion
for
the
deliverance
of
Jerusalem
from
the
Infidels
,
as
the
Patriarch
himself
who
had
imployed
him
in
that
Negotiation
.
He
promised
him
that
he
would
imploy
all
the
Interest
he
had
in
Heaven
and
Earth
,
his
Forces
,
his
Revenue
,
his
Reputation
,
and
all
his
Pontifical
Authority
to
form
a
Holy
League
of
all
the
Western
Princes
,
to
oppose
the
Infidels
who
so
cruelly
tyrannized
over
the
Christians
in
the
East
.
But
withal
he
informed
him
,
that
before
he
proceeded
any
further
,
it
was
convenient
that
he
who
had
begun
this
great
Affair
,
should
endeavour
to
dispose
the
Minds
of
the
People
in
all
the
Countries
both
on
this
and
the
other
side
of
the
Alpes
,
by
publishing
to
them
those
things
which
he
had
with
so
much
Zeal
and
Passion
related
to
him
.
There
are
few
Examples
to
be
produced
comparable
to
this
,
which
makes
it
appear
how
one
single
Person
was
able
to
move
the
whole
Earth
by
his
Constancy
,
Conduct
and
Resolution
in
pursuing
a
Holy
Enterprise
which
he
had
formed
with
so
much
Generosity
,
Zeal
and
Courage
:
and
whether
it
were
the
Extream
Passion
which
the
Hermit
had
to
see
the
Design
succeed
and
prosper
,
that
rendred
his
Arguments
perswasive
beyond
the
Power
of
his
own
Genius
though
Naturally
Eloquent
;
or
whether
the
Splendor
of
so
grat
a
Design
dazled
his
Fears
,
and
transported
his
Mind
with
a
Passion
for
such
a
Novelty
as
carried
all
the
Charms
of
Honorable
and
Excellent
;
or
rather
that
God
who
had
chosen
this
Instrument
to
manifest
his
Power
and
his
Glory
acted
by
him
more
Efficaciously
upon
the
Hearts
of
men
which
are
in
his
Hands
to
dispose
of
as
he
pleaseth
,
most
certain
it
is
,
that
never
any
single
and
so
inconsiderable
a
Cause
produced
such
suddain
surprizing
,
and
wonderful
Effects
:
for
in
less
than
one
Year
in
which
the
Hermit
by
the
Popes
Command
applyed
himself
to
this
Affair
,
he
travelled
over
the
greatest
part
of
Europe
,
treated
in
particular
with
most
of
the
Princes
,
year
1094
and
preached
publickly
in
all
places
where
he
came
,
insomuch
that
he
inflamed
all
mens
Hearts
with
such
a
desire
to
have
a
share
in
the
Glory
of
redeeming
the
Holy
Land
,
that
both
Princes
and
People
embraced
the
Design
with
an
Equal
Ardor
,
testifying
a
mighty
impatience
for
the
happy
moment
which
should
consummate
this
Holy
League
,
wherein
they
were
to
be
ingaged
in
this
Religious
War
.
Ibid.
The
Pope
receiving
Information
from
this
wondrous
man
,
whom
he
had
sent
to
be
his
Harbenger
,
that
all
things
were
thus
happily
disposed
according
to
his
most
ardent
wishes
,
believed
that
now
was
the
time
for
him
to
act
his
part
and
declare
himself
the
Head
of
the
Enterprize
;
and
to
make
use
of
that
general
Ardor
to
unite
so
many
several
Nations
in
the
same
Mind
by
Vertue
of
the
Bond
of
his
Pontifical
Authority
.
And
for
this
purpose
he
chose
those
Methods
which
he
judged
most
proper
and
proportionate
to
the
Importance
of
an
Affair
of
this
Nature
and
the
Sovereign
Majesty
of
the
Pontificate
,
in
calling
two
famous
Councils
particularly
to
deliberate
upon
this
Affair
;
however
he
made
use
of
other
publick
Allegations
,
which
were
sufficient
to
give
a
colourable
reason
for
those
great
assemblies
;
particularly
the
deplorable
Schisms
which
had
for
so
long
time
rent
the
Church
,
and
introduced
so
many
horrible
abuses
which
stood
need
of
Redress
,
and
the
power
of
the
evil
Party
being
much
abated
,
principally
in
Lombardy
where
the
Schismaticks
had
committed
the
greatest
disorders
,
seemed
to
expect
it
.
Vrban
took
this
occasion
to
summon
the
Council
of
Placentia
,
that
so
the
Church
might
triumph
over
her
Enemies
in
the
same
place
where
they
had
exercised
their
most
insolent
Tyrannies
.
During
which
time
he
was
extreamly
sollicited
by
Lyes
from
Alexis
Comnenius
the
Greek
Emperor
,
to
procure
for
him
powerful
Succours
,
to
assist
him
against
the
Turks
and
Sarasens
,
who
made
continual
Inroads
even
as
far
as
the
City
of
Constantinople
.
The
Pope
believed
that
an
Ambassage
from
this
Prince
Appearing
to
this
great
Assembly
would
extreamly
advance
his
Design
,
by
giving
him
a
fair
occasion
to
excite
the
Christians
to
take
up
Arms
,
and
by
this
means
insensibly
to
engage
them
in
this
Holy
War
,
which
was
the
most
probable
way
to
empeach
the
Progress
of
the
Infidels
,
who
by
pushing
on
their
Conquests
seemed
even
to
menace
the
Western
Empire
;
he
therefore
advertized
that
Emperor
,
that
it
would
conduce
much
to
the
advantage
of
his
Interest
,
to
send
his
Ambassadors
to
Placentia
where
the
Council
was
to
be
held
in
the
beginning
of
March
in
the
Year
1095.
and
where
the
Pope
to
take
the
advantage
of
so
fair
an
opportunity
was
present
with
one
of
the
first
in
order
to
preside
over
the
Council
in
Person
.
There
never
was
a
more
numerous
Assembly
in
the
Church
than
appeared
at
this
Council
,
the
Church
beginning
now
to
enjoy
that
Liberty
which
the
Emperors
had
endeavoured
by
Arms
to
deprive
her
of
,
the
Confluence
from
all
places
was
incredible
of
such
as
desired
to
partake
of
the
Glory
,
or
to
have
the
pleasure
to
contribute
in
any
sort
to
this
triumph
of
the
Church
.
For
it
is
certain
that
from
all
the
Provinces
of
Italy
,
France
and
Germany
,
there
came
to
this
Assembly
above
four
Thousand
Ecclesiasticks
,
and
more
than
thirty
Thousand
Laicks
,
all
of
them
possessed
with
an
Extream
Passion
to
know
what
would
be
the
Event
of
this
Council
.
Insomuch
that
the
Pope
to
satisfie
the
General
and
Ardent
Expectation
of
so
great
an
Assembly
,
during
the
Seven●●
Sessions
of
that
Council
would
have
the
first
and
third
of
them
kept
in
the
open
Field
,
therein
imitating
the
Example
of
Jesus
Christ
who
taught
the
Multitudes
that
followed
him
,
in
the
vast
and
capacious
plains
and
deserts
.
It
was
in
one
of
these
Sessions
that
the
Ambassadors
of
Alexis
received
their
Audience
:
There
it
was
that
they
declared
to
the
Assembly
in
the
most
moving
manner
imaginable
,
the
extream
Danger
which
the
piteous
Remains
of
the
Eastern
Empire
were
in
,
to
fall
under
the
prevailing
Arms
of
the
mortal
Enemies
of
the
Christian
Name
,
unless
the
People
of
the
West
would
undertake
,
by
a
potent
and
present
Succour
,
to
rescue
their
distressed
Brethren
from
that
inevitable
Ruine
.
Vrban
who
was
determined
to
advance
his
own
Design
by
this
Embassage
,
seconded
these
Desires
of
the
Ambassadors
with
a
Discourse
so
perswasive
,
that
addressing
himself
to
that
innumerable
Multitude
of
all
sorts
of
People
,
who
encircled
the
Council
,
before
the
end
of
the
Sessions
,
the
greatest
part
of
those
who
were
able
to
hear
him
,
obliged
themselves
by
a
solemn
Oath
,
to
serve
Christendom
in
this
pressing
Necessity
.
And
the
Heat
passing
from
one
to
another
,
and
spreading
it self
from
Rank
to
Rank
,
one
might
in
an
instant
hear
from
all
parts
of
that
vast
Assembly
,
an
agreeable
Confusion
,
composed
of
the
Exclamations
of
an
infinite
number
of
Persons
,
who
unanimously
by
their
Voice
and
Gestures
,
protested
that
they
were
resolved
to
have
their
share
in
the
Glory
of
an
Enterprise
,
where
Death
it self
would
be
as
Valuable
and
Advantagious
as
Victory
,
by
bestowing
even
upon
the
Vanquished
a
Crown
of
Martyrdom
.
Such
a
Power
hath
Religion
upon
the
Minds
of
Men
,
especially
when
it
is
accompanied
,
as
it
was
upon
this
Occasion
,
with
the
exterior
Ornaments
of
that
August
and
Sacred
Majesty
,
which
through
the
Sences
surprizes
the
Soul
,
and
without
which
all
other
Impressions
are
feeble
and
languishing
.
year
1095
The
Pope
ravished
with
Joy
to
see
the
Design
which
he
had
thus
far
so
wisely
conducted
,
thrive
so
luckily
,
exhorted
the
Assembly
to
remember
their
solemn
Oath
,
when
the
time
should
come
wherein
they
were
to
accomplish
it
;
and
reserving
what
he
had
further
to
declare
upon
this
Subject
,
he
closed
this
with
four
other
Sessions
.
He
thundred
out
an
Anathema
against
the
remainder
of
the
Schismaticks
;
There
was
condemned
the
Heresie
of
Berengarius
,
and
that
of
the
new
Nicholaitans
,
who
favoured
the
Incontinence
of
the
Ecclesiasticks
:
There
the
Abuses
which
had
slipt
into
the
Church
during
the
Schisme
,
were
reformed
,
and
particularly
that
abominable
Simony
,
which
in
that
time
had
been
frequent
in
the
Church
:
And
to
take
away
all
Pretences
,
which
for
the
future
might
shelter
that
execrable
Commerce
of
Merchandizing
sacred
Things
,
it
was
expresly
prohibited
to
take
Money
for
Baptism
,
or
Burials
of
the
Dead
,
under
which
false
Colours
Avarice
had
found
such
plausible
Reasons
to
shelter
and
disguise
herself
.
For
those
reverend
Fathers
were
perswaded
that
it
was
altogether
contrary
to
the
Liberty
of
the
Children
of
God
,
and
even
to
common
Humanity
,
to
charge
a
Rate
upon
Christians
,
either
entring
into
that
Religion
,
or
going
out
of
the
World
.
year
1095
The
Council
being
thus
terminated
with
all
the
Success
which
the
Pope
could
have
expected
,
he
employed
the
Spring
and
part
of
the
Summer
,
in
regulating
the
Affairs
and
Interests
of
the
Church
in
Lombardy
,
according
to
the
Decrees
of
the
Council
.
Afterwards
in
the
end
of
July
he
Imbarqued
,
and
coasting
the
River
of
Genoa
,
and
the
Shoar
of
Provence
,
he
went
to
keep
the
Feast
of
the
Assumption
of
our
Lady
at
Pavia
in
Velay
,
where
he
convoked
the
Council
of
Clermont
in
Avergne
,
to
meet
in
the
Octaves
of
St.
Martin
:
Thither
came
from
the
Provinces
of
France
,
Spain
,
and
Italy
fourteen
Archbishops
,
two
hundred
twenty
five
Bishops
,
above
eighty
Abbots
,
with
an
infinite
number
of
Doctors
and
other
Ecclesiasticks
,
who
assisted
at
that
Assembly
,
over
which
the
Pope
presided
in
Person
,
accompanied
with
a
great
many
Cardinals
who
attended
him
in
his
Voyages
.
There
was
confirmed
the
Decrees
of
the
Councils
of
Placentia
,
year
1095
Melphi
,
Beneventum
,
and
Troyes
,
which
were
held
under
this
same
Pope
,
for
Reformation
of
the
Disorders
which
had
been
introduced
by
the
Schisme
:
There
new
Canons
were
made
to
restore
Liberty
to
the
Church
formerly
oppressed
,
and
to
restore
to
the
Ecclesiasticks
the
Possession
of
their
Benefices
,
Churches
,
Tithes
,
and
Offerings
,
which
had
been
kept
from
them
by
the
Laicks
,
from
the
time
of
Charles
Martel
,
by
the
Grants
of
the
Kings
,
and
by
the
Consent
,
or
at
least
,
Connivance
of
the
Bishops
.
After
which
,
Vrban
judging
that
all
Matters
were
fairly
disposed
towards
the
Success
of
his
great
Design
of
promoting
the
Holy
War
,
he
thought
it
convenient
to
propose
it
to
the
Council
;
which
he
also
did
in
the
great
Square
of
the
City
,
year
1095
in
a
most
elaborate
Discourse
,
which
he
had
prepared
for
this
extraordinary
Occasion
,
where
,
with
all
the
power
of
his
Eloquence
,
he
delivered
himself
in
these
Terms
.
If
in
this
Vniversal
Joy
which
guilds
the
Face
of
this
great
and
Illustrious
Assembly
there
appear
in
mine
all
the
Marks
of
a
most
profound
Sadness
,
my
venerable
Brethren
and
Dear
Children
in
Christ
Jesus
,
you
will
find
no
Cause
of
wonder
,
when
with
me
you
shall
have
considered
,
that
notwithstanding
all
that
we
have
hitherto
done
for
the
Remedy
of
our
pressing
Evils
,
we
have
neglected
to
apply
any
Effectual
Redress
to
those
which
are
the
greatest
.
We
have
indeed
humbled
the
Power
of
the
Schism
,
we
have
disarmed
the
Heresie
,
reformed
abuses
,
and
have
reinstated
the
Church
in
the
possession
of
those
Rights
which
had
been
suffered
to
be
lost
.
But
alas
!
what
pleasure
can
we
reap
from
all
these
glorious
acquisitions
,
whilest
the
pittiless
Enemies
of
the
Christian
Name
,
continue
to
dishonour
it
and
to
commit
the
most
violent
Outrages
and
Tyrannies
,
and
are
permitted
to
tear
the
better
part
of
us
in
pieces
?
Yes
,
my
Brethren
,
the
Holy
Land
,
the
City
of
God
,
the
Inheritance
of
Christ
Jesus
which
he
hath
bestowed
upon
his
Children
,
having
taken
it
out
of
the
Hands
of
Jews
and
Pagans
,
that
admirable
Spot
of
Ground
where
the
Saviour
of
the
World
wrought
all
the
stupendious
Mysteries
of
the
Salvation
of
Mankind
,
the
very
Heart
of
Christendom
,
as
I
may
term
it
,
has
for
many
Ages
been
usurped
by
the
Infidels
,
by
the
Turks
and
Saracens
;
and
we
permit
them
insolently
to
triumph
even
over
Jesus
Christ
himself
,
if
I
may
so
say
,
whom
they
seem
to
have
chased
out
of
the
Capital
City
of
his
Empire
,
whilest
they
establish
their
cruel
Tyranny
,
upon
the
Ruins
of
so
many
Sacred
Monuments
of
his
miraculous
Conquests
.
What
Tongue
is
able
to
express
the
fearful
Prophanations
which
are
daily
committed
in
those
Holy
Places
which
the
Actions
,
the
Miracles
,
the
Blood
and
Sufferings
of
the
Saviour
of
the
world
have
Consecrated
,
and
made
Venerable
to
all
Christians
,
who
from
every
quarter
of
the
Earth
resort
thither
to
pay
their
Religious
Devotions
,
as
if
Christ
Jesus
himself
were
there
personally
present
.
And
if
amidsts
the
horrible
marks
of
their
Impiety
,
the
overthrowing
our
Temples
and
our
Altars
,
these
Insidels
have
spared
the
Church
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
we
are
obliged
for
that
good
Office
to
the
Avarice
of
these
Inhumane
Robbers
,
who
have
imposed
an
Excessive
Rate
upon
the
Devotion
of
the
Faithful
Christians
,
whom
though
they
cannot
rob
of
their
Faith
,
they
despoil
of
their
Goods
,
and
many
times
by
insufferable
torments
take
away
their
Lives
.
And
all
this
time
the
Christians
of
the
West
,
of
whom
one
single
Nation
were
sufficientlyable
to
Infranchise
the
East
from
this
unworthy
Servitude
,
Coldly
and
without
being
moved
behold
the
Oppression
of
their
Brethren
;
as
if
they
had
no
manner
of
share
in
the
Injury
which
these
Barbarians
do
to
Jesus
Christ
,
whilest
they
invade
that
Inheritance
which
solely
appertains
to
Christians
who
are
his
Children
,
we
suffer
them
peaceably
to
enjoy
a
Conquest
so
shameful
to
all
Christendom
whilest
we
lye
buried
in
unimployed
Laziness
without
a
single
thought
of
running
to
our
Arms.
Without
running
to
Arms
did
I
say
,
Alas
!
one
shall
see
nothing
now
adayes
throughout
all
Europe
,
but
Christians
running
into
Armes
one
against
another
for
their
mutual
Ruin
and
Destruction
!
those
Arms
which
ought
to
be
employed
to
Exterminate
the
Enemies
of
Christ
Jesus
,
are
turned
against
him
in
his
Members
,
when
they
shed
the
Blood
of
their
Brethren
his
Children
:
Insomuch
that
one
would
think
they
acted
by
Confederacy
with
the
Infidels
for
the
Ruin
of
Christianity
,
whilest
that
at
the
same
time
that
those
Barbarians
bend
all
their
Forces
,
their
Malice
and
their
Cruelty
to
destroy
it
in
the
East
,
these
no
less
Barbarous
Christians
infeeble
the
West
by
their
Wars
,
their
Quarrels
and
Contentions
;
by
so
many
Slaughters
daily
diminishing
the
Number
of
those
who
might
root
out
these
Cruel
Enemies
of
the
Christian
Name
,
whose
Strength
consists
chiefly
in
the
advantages
which
they
make
of
our
unfortunate
Divisions
.
One
of
our
Realms
might
with
ease
triumph
over
these
Barbarians
,
if
it
were
not
either
wholly
employed
to
defend
it self
,
or
attack
another
;
And
what
then
might
they
not
all
do
,
if
it
should
please
the
Spirit
of
God
to
unite
them
in
the
Prosecution
of
so
glorious
an
Vndertaking
?
It
is
for
this
Reason
,
my
Dear
Children
,
that
I
am
now
come
into
this
most
Christian
Kingdom
,
with
a
design
to
oblige
the
French
Nation
whose
Ancestors
have
been
so
celebrated
for
Zeal
to
Religion
,
to
follow
their
Example
,
and
give
one
to
the
rest
of
Europe
to
follow
.
The
Armes
of
France
which
have
formerly
been
so
successful
against
the
African
Moors
,
the
Arabians
and
Huns
,
under
the
Conduct
of
Charles
Martel
,
and
the
most
August
Charlemain
,
cannot
be
less
victorious
under
the
Conduct
of
the
Great
God
of
Hosts
,
who
Exhorts
you
to
follow
him
and
reconquer
the
Inheritance
of
his
Son
,
by
chasing
out
the
Infidels
who
daily
dishonour
and
profane
it
by
a
Thousand
abominable
Sacriledges
.
Follow
,
Generous
Frenchmen
,
Follow
your
Invisible
Chei●●ain
in
this
glorious
Enterprise
to
which
you
are
called
by
your
Honour
,
your
Interest
,
your
Religion
,
by
all
the
oppressed
Christians
of
the
East
,
by
me
the
Vicar
of
Christ
Jesus
upon
Earth
,
nay
by
Jesus
Christ
himself
.
Represent
to
your selves
that
your
blessed
Saviour
,
who
from
his
Holy
Sepulchre
,
now
captive
in
the
hands
of
the
Saracens
,
triumphed
over
the
World
,
Death
and
Hell
,
presents
unto
you
his
Cross
.
It
is
the
Cross
which
he
displays
as
his
Standard
to
all
the
Christians
of
the
West
,
under
which
Ensign
it
is
impossible
for
you
not
to
be
Victorious
;
here
shall
you
acquire
Immortal
Glory
,
whether
you
return
from
this
Holy
War
loaden
with
the
Trophies
and
Spoils
of
these
Infidels
,
or
whether
in
emptying
your
Veins
by
a
glorious
Death
for
the
Love
of
God
,
he
shall
bestow
upon
you
the
Crown
of
Martyrdom
.
Mean
time
if
the
Church
.
—
And
here
,
as
he
was
about
to
pursue
his
Discourse
,
he
was
Interrupted
by
the
Exclamations
and
Crys
of
an
infinite
number
of
People
,
who
with
Tears
in
their
Eyes
,
beating
their
Breasts
with
their
Hands
,
and
with
their
Eyes
lift
up
to
Heaven
,
cried
out
from
all
parts
of
the
Assembly
unanimously
,
as
it
were
by
a
common
Consent
,
It
is
the
Will
of
God
,
It
is
the
Will
of
God
.
The
Pope
,
who
resolved
to
make
Advantage
of
this
generous
Heat
,
rising
from
his
Throne
,
and
after
a
long
time
having
obtained
the
Silence
,
which
by
his
Gesture
he
Commanded
:
He
protested
,
That
there
could
not
be
a
more
manifest
Testimony
of
the
Pleasure
of
Heaven
,
than
this
Exclamation
,
which
proceeding
from
so
many
Mouths
,
could
not
be
supposed
to
speak
the
same
Language
,
without
being
animated
by
the
Spirit
of
God
:
That
for
his
part
he
received
it
as
an
Oracle
,
which
promised
all
happy
Success
to
this
Holy
War
.
He
also
added
,
That
he
thought
it
sit
that
a
Word
of
so
happy
a
Presage
should
be
the
Motto
which
should
be
wrought
in
the
Colours
and
Standards
of
the
Army
,
and
that
it
should
be
the
Word
the
Souldiors
and
Captains
should
make
use
of
in
their
Combats
,
to
animate
each
other
to
perform
valiantly
,
and
to
give
thereby
a
Promise
of
assured
Victory
.
And
in
short
,
that
those
who
would
follow
Christ
Jesus
in
taking
up
the
Cross
in
this
Holy
Expedition
,
and
Inrol
themselves
in
this
devout
Militia
,
should
wear
a
Red
Cross
upon
their
right
Shoulder
,
as
a
Mark
of
Distinction
,
to
shew
that
they
had
the
Honor
to
serve
under
him
who
had
overcome
all
Enemies
by
the
Cross
.
After
this
,
in
the
other
Sessions
,
several
new
Decrees
were
made
in
Favour
of
the
Crusades
,
and
upon
the
whole
matter
of
the
Peace
and
Truce
,
against
those
horrible
Disorders
which
in
this
time
had
wasted
the
Church
,
which
indeed
were
so
great
,
that
it
is
with
great
Injustice
that
some
Persons
do
so
violently
prefer
the
past
Ages
before
the
present
.
For
so
little
regard
had
Men
then
to
Laws
,
and
so
Powerless
was
Justice
,
that
every
particular
Person
took
the
Liberty
to
do
what
he
pleased
,
by
force
of
Armes
,
and
to
usurp
that
incommunicable
Right
of
Soveraigns
;
insomuch
that
most
of
the
Realms
of
Europe
were
miserably
Ruined
by
the
particular
Animosities
of
private
Persons
,
every
one
to
revenge
the
Injuries
which
he
believed
he
had
received
,
having
an
immediate
recourse
to
right
himself
by
Arms
,
and
to
those
extremities
of
Violence
,
that
they
spared
not
with
Fire
and
Sword
to
manifest
their
Resentments
against
the
Houses
,
Lands
,
and
Persons
of
their
Enemies
.
Now
to
apply
some
kind
of
Remedy
to
these
horrible
Mischiefs
,
which
it
was
impossible
totally
to
repress
in
an
instant
;
the
Bishops
and
Barons
of
France
did
first
,
and
after
their
Example
,
those
of
other
Realms
made
a
Decree
,
by
which
,
Churches
,
the
Clergy
,
Monasteries
,
and
the
Religious
Orders
,
Women
,
Merchants
,
Labourers
,
and
Mills
,
were
absolutely
protected
from
these
Violences
;
and
this
was
called
the
Peace
.
And
for
other
matters
,
it
was
absolutely
prohibited
to
commit
any
of
these
Disorders
from
Wednesday
Eve
,
till
Monday
Morning
;
and
this
was
out
of
the
particular
Respect
which
was
thought
due
to
those
Days
which
Christ
Jesus
had
Consecrated
by
the
last
Mysteries
of
his
Life
,
and
this
was
called
the
Truce
;
and
the
Violators
of
either
of
these
Decrees
were
publickly
pronounced
Excommunicate
,
and
condemned
either
to
Banishment
or
Death
,
in
proportion
to
the
Quality
of
the
Violences
they
were
guilty
of
.
This
Decree
was
afterward
Confirmed
by
four
Councils
,
which
made
some
further
Addition
in
favour
of
the
Peace
and
Truce
,
as
may
be
seen
under
those
Titles
in
the
Decretals
;
so
that
if
one
did
but
religiously
observe
the
Truce
as
to
the
Days
enjoyned
,
this
brutish
War
amongst
private
Persons
,
was
so
far
Tolerated
,
that
it
passed
for
Just
and
Legitimate
,
provided
any
Person
sent
his
Enemy
a
Challenge
in
a
regular
way
:
and
this
continued
in
France
for
above
two
hundred
Years
,
till
such
time
as
,
after
Lewis
the
Saint
had
to
little
Purpose
attempted
to
remedy
it
,
Philip
the
Fourth
put
a
Period
to
this
Mischief
by
the
Edict
of
Tholouse
,
in
the
Year
1303.
Now
as
these
Disorders
were
at
this
time
thus
Tolerated
,
in
regard
it
was
probable
they
would
prove
a
mighty
Hindrance
to
this
Holy
Voyage
,
because
Mens
Estates
during
their
Absence
,
would
be
exposed
to
the
Injuries
of
their
Enemies
,
therefore
the
Council
in
the
first
place
,
Confirmed
the
Decree
of
the
Peace
and
Truce
,
with
respect
to
all
sorts
of
Persons
,
and
that
by
little
and
little
these
Abuses
of
the
Wars
between
private
Persons
might
be
taken
away
,
which
by
reason
of
their
long
Continuance
could
not
possibly
be
effected
at
once
,
this
Council
prolonged
the
time
of
the
Truce
,
adding
to
those
four
days
of
the
Week
formerly
decreed
,
all
the
time
of
the
Advent
,
till
the
Octaves
of
Epiphany
,
and
between
Septuagesima
Sunday
till
the
Octaves
of
Easter
,
and
from
the
Rogation
Week
till
the
Octaves
of
Whit-Sunday
.
But
for
the
Crusades
,
they
were
under
Protection
during
the
whole
time
of
their
Service
,
so
that
their
Persons
and
Estates
were
priviledged
till
their
return
from
the
Holy
Land
.
The
Pope
also
granted
his
Indulgences
,
and
the
Remission
of
all
those
Penalties
which
had
been
incurred
by
the
Breach
of
the
Canons
.
And
in
Conclusion
,
he
declared
Aymar
of
Monteil
Bishop
of
Pavia
,
his
Apostolick
Legat
,
during
this
Expedition
:
This
Aymar
was
a
Prelate
of
extraordinary
Prudence
,
and
a
most
heroick
Courage
,
and
one
who
had
rendered
his
Zeal
most
Conspicuous
,
by
being
the
first
in
full
Council
,
who
had
from
the
Pope
beg'd
Permission
to
take
the
Cross
,
and
devote
himself
to
the
Service
of
Christendome
in
this
Voyage
.
Vrban
having
exhorted
all
the
Bishops
personally
to
publish
,
and
in
their
Sermons
to
preach
up
the
Crusade
,
throughout
their
respective
Diocesses
,
terminated
the
Council
the
29th
day
of
November
,
year
1095
having
in
twelve
days
happily
accomplished
the
greatest
Affair
that
was
ever
undertaken
by
any
of
the
Popes
,
his
Predecessors
;
and
which
in
a
very
little
time
was
followed
by
a
Success
which
changed
the
Face
of
Affairs
throughout
the
World
,
whilest
such
prodigious
numbers
of
People
every
where
took
up
the
Cross
.
A
Writer
of
that
time
,
who
was
at
the
Council
,
and
afterwards
in
the
Holy
Land
,
assures
us
,
that
having
strictly
observed
the
time
,
and
examined
the
matter
,
he
was
informed
from
many
Persons
of
different
Places
,
that
the
very
same
day
wherein
the
Pope
published
the
Crusade
,
the
News
was
known
in
the
remotest
places
both
of
the
East
and
West
;
which
made
such
a
strange
Impression
upon
Mens
Spirits
,
who
either
were
,
or
believed
they
were
supernaturally
pressed
to
engage
themselves
in
this
heroick
Enterprise
,
that
when
the
Bishops
came
to
preach
up
the
Cross
,
and
to
excite
the
People
to
take
it
up
,
they
found
them
so
predisposed
,
that
an
infinite
number
of
Persons
of
all
Ranks
,
Qualities
and
Conditions
throughout
Europe
,
but
especially
France
,
immediately
entred
into
it
;
and
such
was
the
Fervour
with
which
the
Design
was
embraced
,
that
no
sort
of
Considerations
of
worldly
Honour
,
Interest
,
or
Pleasure
,
no
Delicacy
of
Education
,
nor
Bonds
of
Friendship
were
able
to
retard
Men
,
but
they
generously
broke
all
those
little
Chains
,
to
enter
into
the
more
glorious
Bonds
of
the
Solemn
Vow
of
the
Crusade
.
Here
might
you
see
Friends
encouraging
one
another
,
and
entring
into
this
new
Amity
,
making
mutual
Promises
never
to
abandon
each
other
;
there
Enemies
Embracing
and
Religiously
Swearing
most
inviolably
to
maintain
the
Truce
;
nay
even
the
weeping
Ladys
,
who
saw
themselves
ready
to
be
Divorced
from
their
Beloved
Husbands
and
dearest
Children
,
yet
did
not
cease
to
encourage
them
to
pursue
this
glorious
Enterprize
,
and
many
of
them
had
the
Courage
to
take
a
share
with
them
,
and
resolved
to
follow
them
notwithstanding
all
the
fearful
Dangers
,
and
insinite
Hazards
and
Hardships
which
were
to
be
expected
from
so
long
and
painful
a
Voyage
.
Most
certain
it
is
,
that
as
there
is
nothing
so
Perfect
or
Holy
,
which
is
not
subject
to
be
abused
either
by
the
Weakness
or
Mischievousness
of
Human
Nature
,
so
in
the
beginning
of
this
Holy
War
,
there
happened
so
many
strange
Disorders
,
as
might
well
have
rendered
the
Event
of
this
Enterprise
most
disastrous
,
if
God
Almighty
himself
had
not
appeared
Ingaged
in
it
,
to
that
degree
,
as
even
against
all
Appearance
,
by
a
kind
of
Miracle
,
to
bring
it
to
that
glorious
Issue
,
which
was
not
reasonably
to
be
expected
from
any
inferior
Power
.
For
an
innumerable
company
of
Peasants
,
with
their
Wives
and
Children
,
which
they
carried
in
their
Carts
,
abandoning
their
laborious
Tillage
,
would
also
have
a
part
in
this
Voyage
,
which
was
commonly
called
Gods
Voyage
;
so
that
all
the
Mobile
of
the
Realm
,
who
upon
this
occasion
entertained
a
Hope
of
bettering
their
Fortunes
,
mingling
with
those
who
had
undertaken
the
Cross
,
served
to
no
other
purpose
but
to
put
all
into
Disorder
and
Confusion
;
Nor
was
it
possible
to
give
Bounds
to
this
tumultuary
Rabble
,
who
to
authorise
their
Actions
,
had
so
fair
a
Colour
and
Pretext
of
Piety
.
So
that
the
smallest
Number
were
those
whom
the
Consideration
of
the
Glory
of
the
Christian
Name
,
or
the
Service
of
God
obliged
to
follow
this
Design
;
but
too
many
Engaged
themselves
in
it
,
some
out
of
Vanity
and
Affectation
,
others
out
of
a
lightness
of
Spirit
;
these
for
the
Pleasure
they
proposed
in
the
Voyage
,
those
to
accompany
their
Friends
and
Acquaintance
,
and
many
to
free
themselves
from
the
Importunity
of
their
Creditors
,
or
to
enjoy
the
benefit
of
the
Truce
.
Great
Numbers
also
of
Monks
and
other
Religious
Persons
,
weary
of
their
Profession
and
Solitude
,
abandoned
their
Cloisters
and
their
Cells
,
and
out
of
the
Love
of
Liberty
,
took
up
the
Cross
in
a
different
manner
than
that
which
they
had
obliged
themselves
to
by
their
Vow
,
and
made
use
of
the
false
Pretence
of
Zeal
to
Religion
,
to
violate
one
Vow
by
entring
into
another
,
which
they
had
no
Power
to
do
;
so
that
the
Abbots
to
prevent
a
greater
Mischief
,
were
obliged
to
permit
the
Monks
to
follow
the
Army
of
the
Crusade
,
since
they
were
not
able
to
hinder
them
who
had
gotten
such
a
specious
Pretence
,
as
was
the
Satisfaction
of
their
ardent
Desire
which
they
seemed
to
have
,
to
take
their
Part
in
the
Deliverance
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
.
Nor
were
the
Women
wanting
in
their
little
Cheats
;
for
they
,
to
make
it
be
believed
that
they
were
by
extraordinary
Ways
called
by
God
to
this
Voyage
,
invented
those
glittering
Illusions
which
some
believe
have
been
renounced
in
our
time
upon
other
Occasions
;
for
having
found
a
way
by
the
Juice
of
Herbs
,
to
form
certain
little
Crosses
upon
their
Bodies
,
resembling
those
which
the
Crusades
wore
upon
their
Habits
,
with
an
impudent
Malice
they
shewed
them
to
every
body
,
as
if
they
had
been
the
miraculous
Impressions
of
the
Divine
Power
.
There
were
others
,
who
with
no
less
Hypocrisie
,
whether
by
an
Excess
of
ill
govern'd
Devotion
,
or
by
an
indiscreet
Fervour
to
gain
a
foolish
Glory
by
a
vain
Ostentation
of
their
Zeal
,
burnt
Crosses
upon
their
Bodies
with
red
hot
Irons
,
which
they
shewed
with
more
affectation
and
seeming
Pleasure
,
than
those
who
wore
them
upon
their
Habits
,
Embroidered
in
Gold
and
Silver
,
could
shew
theirs
.
So
that
Illusion
,
Hypocrisy
,
Vain
Glory
,
and
Indiscretion
,
the
Pests
of
Virtue
and
true
Piety
,
corrupted
and
profaned
those
Actions
,
which
otherwise
might
have
been
esteemed
the
most
Religious
and
Heroick
.
But
that
which
prevented
these
Disorders
from
being
so
Mischievous
as
otherways
they
might
have
been
,
was
the
great
number
of
great
Captains
,
Gentlemen
,
Lords
and
Bishops
of
France
,
who
followed
the
Princes
who
were
of
the
Crusade
,
and
were
joynt
Commanders
in
this
famous
Enterprise
,
yet
without
pretending
to
have
any
Superiority
of
Power
one
over
the
other
,
which
made
it
apparent
that
God
only
was
their
Conductor
and
General
.
The
Princes
then
,
whose
Names
shall
be
eternally
Reverenced
by
Posterity
,
and
who
have
acquired
immortal
Glory
in
all
History
,
were
Hugh
the
great
Earl
of
Vermandois
,
and
Brother
to
Philip
the
first
of
France
,
Robert
Duke
of
Normandy
,
Robert
Earl
of
Flanders
,
Raymond
Earl
of
Tholouse
and
St.
Giles
,
Godfrey
of
Bullen
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
with
his
Brothers
Baldwin
and
Eustace
,
Stephen
Earl
of
Chartres
and
Blois
,
Hugh
Earl
of
St.
Paul
,
with
a
very
great
number
of
other
Lords
of
the
first
Quality
,
who
shall
hereafter
more
commodiously
be
made
known
,
when
Occasion
shall
present
their
noble
Actions
,
and
when
I
come
to
describe
,
as
I
am
about
to
do
,
the
Voyage
which
they
made
by
three
several
Ways
,
according
as
before
they
had
agreed
in
the
Winter
,
in
order
to
their
Rendevouzing
at
Constantinople
,
as
they
did
the
following
Year
.
I
am
however
to
inform
the
Reader
,
that
the
Respect
which
I
have
for
him
,
not
permitting
me
to
present
him
with
any
thing
but
what
has
the
Warranty
of
Historical
Reputation
,
or
Authentick
Acts
,
I
shall
not
mention
any
Names
but
what
I
find
Recorded
in
the
Historians
of
those
times
;
and
if
any
Persons
of
Quality
who
pretend
that
some
of
their
Ancestors
had
a
share
in
this
Holy
War
,
will
do
me
the
Favour
to
send
me
Authentick
Memoires
thereof
,
I
will
not
fail
in
a
new
Edition
of
this
Work
to
do
Justice
to
the
Merits
of
those
Illustrious
deceased
,
and
with
Satisfaction
to
render
what
is
due
to
their
Memories
,
and
their
Descendants
.
year
1096
The
first
then
of
these
Princes
who
advanced
with
his
Troops
towards
Constantinople
,
was
the
famous
Godfrey
of
Bullen
,
who
altho
he
had
not
the
absolute
Command
of
the
whole
Army
of
the
Crusades
,
yet
without
Contradiction
,
he
had
the
greatest
share
both
in
the
Trouble
and
Glory
of
this
first
Crusade
.
He
took
the
same
way
which
Charlemain
in
his
Conquest
had
trod
before
him
through
Germany
all
along
by
the
Danubius
,
to
the
Confines
of
Thracia
.
This
Prince
was
the
Son
of
Eustace
the
second
Earl
of
Bullen
,
and
Ida
the
Sister
of
Godfrey
of
Bossu
Earl
of
Ardenna
,
Bullen
and
Verdun
,
and
Duke
of
the
lower
Lorrain
or
Brabant
,
to
distinguish
it
from
the
higher
Lorrain
,
year
1070
which
was
otherwise
called
Mosellane
,
and
which
at
that
time
was
under
the
Jurisdiction
of
Theodorick
the
Valiant
,
the
Son
of
Gerard
of
Alsatia
and
Duke
of
high
Lorrain
:
And
from
him
in
a
lineal
Descent
,
to
this
present
time
,
are
derived
all
the
Princes
of
that
fair
Dutchy
,
which
not
long
after
his
time
lost
its
ancient
Name
of
the
Mosellane
,
retaining
only
that
of
Lorrain
,
as
it
doth
to
this
day
.
But
whether
Godfrey
Duke
Bossu
having
no
Children
,
adopted
his
Nephew
who
was
of
his
own
Name
,
and
made
him
his
Heir
,
giving
him
the
Earldom
of
Bullen
,
which
belonged
formerly
to
the
House
of
Ardenna
;
or
that
it
came
by
Ida
upon
her
Marriage
with
the
Earl
of
Bullen
,
it
is
most
certain
the
Surname
of
Bullen
,
which
was
given
to
this
young
Prince
,
hath
by
him
,
and
his
Heroick
Actions
been
rendered
one
of
the
most
Celebrated
in
the
World
.
It
is
this
Glorious
Name
which
in
the
last
Age
was
so
happily
Reunited
with
that
of
the
Tour
of
Avergne
,
which
by
a
Marriage
hath
received
that
of
Bullen
to
restore
it
to
its
ancient
Lustre
,
as
we
have
seen
it
by
the
Virtues
,
the
Dignities
,
the
great
Employments
,
and
fair
Actions
of
the
Princes
of
that
Noble
House
.
As
for
Prince
Godfrey
,
it
was
impossible
for
Nature
to
bestow
a
more
happy
Inclination
to
all
sorts
of
Virtues
,
than
which
she
had
given
him
,
nor
was
any
thing
wanting
in
his
Education
which
might
Contribute
to
the
improvement
of
that
Stock
;
such
was
the
exact
Care
of
his
Father
,
who
was
a
most
Wise
and
Virtuous
Prince
,
and
more
especially
of
his
Mother
,
a
Lady
of
a
most
extraordinary
Merit
,
and
an
Excellent
Spirit
,
year
1096
which
she
had
Cultivated
also
by
a
Diligence
very
uncommon
to
her
Sex
,
which
she
had
employed
in
the
Study
of
all
curious
Learning
;
and
in
truth
,
she
was
a
Princess
of
most
admirable
Virtue
,
and
of
a
Piety
so
resplendent
,
that
after
her
death
she
obtained
the
glorious
Title
of
a
Saint
.
It
is
said
also
that
by
the
Assistance
of
Divine
Illumination
,
she
did
predict
the
future
Greatness
of
her
three
Sons
,
Eustace
,
Godfrey
,
and
Baldwin
.
For
one
Day
as
the
Earl
her
Husband
demanded
of
her
what
she
had
hid
in
her
Lap
,
she
being
playing
with
the
Children
,
she
very
seriously
answered
,
that
she
had
there
three
great
Princes
,
one
Duke
,
one
King
,
and
one
Earl
,
which
was
afterwards
Verisied
in
the
admirable
Fortunes
of
these
three
Princes
.
For
Godfrey
was
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
and
King
of
Jerusalem
;
Baldwin
was
King
of
the
same
Realm
,
and
Prince
of
Edessa
;
and
Eustace
,
whom
some
will
have
to
be
the
eldest
Brother
,
was
Earl
of
Bullen
after
the
Death
of
his
Father
.
It
is
also
added
that
she
had
a
strange
Dream
before
the
Birth
of
Prince
Godfrey
,
for
the
Sun
seemed
to
descend
from
his
Heavenly
Orb
and
to
fall
into
her
Lap
,
and
that
she
saw
her
little
Son
Enthroned
in
the
midst
of
that
Glorious
Luminary
;
but
it
is
the
Humor
of
some
Writers
to
render
the
Nativities
of
great
Men
more
Illustrious
,
at
least
as
they
think
,
by
Prodigies
and
Revelations
,
which
after
,
wards
the
Noble
Actions
of
these
Hero's
make
easily
to
pass
for
real
Truths
especially
with
Persons
who
love
to
divert
themselves
with
matters
very
Extraordinary
and
Surprizing
.
But
this
is
most
certain
,
which
the
Countess
herself
with
a
great
deal
of
Pleasure
was
used
to
relate
,
after
the
glorious
Success
which
her
Sons
had
in
the
Holy
War
,
that
long
before
there
was
the
least
Discourse
of
the
Crusade
,
Prince
Godfrey
was
used
to
say
,
that
he
would
one
day
take
a
Voyage
to
Jerusalem
,
but
not
as
the
poor
Pilgrims
did
,
only
to
satisfy
his
Devotion
,
but
as
a
Captain
and
a
Conqueror
,
at
the
head
of
a
Puissant
Army
to
Chase
the
wicked
Insidels
from
that
Holy
Place
.
Which
must
needs
proceed
singly
from
the
impetuosity
of
his
Courage
,
and
which
considering
the
Condition
of
his
Fortune
,
very
unfit
to
execute
so
great
a
Design
,
may
very
well
pass
for
a
Prophetick
Motion
,
and
looks
like
a
Presage
of
that
Glory
and
good
Fortune
which
God
had
allotted
for
him
,
and
in
order
to
which
he
seemed
beforehand
to
prepare
him
by
a
thousand
Beautiful
Actions
wherein
he
acquired
a
most
Illustrious
Reputation
throughout
all
Europe
.
After
the
Death
of
the
Duke
his
Unckle
,
the
Emperor
Henry
the
Fourth
who
pretended
that
the
Dutchy
of
the
Lower
Lorrain
for
want
of
Heirs
Male
of
the
House
of
Ardenna
was
devolved
to
him
,
conferred
it
upon
his
Son
Conrade
,
leaving
nothing
to
Godfrey
besides
the
Marquisate
of
Antwerp
.
And
on
the
other
side
Albert
Earl
of
Namur
his
Kinsman
,
and
Thiery
the
Bishop
of
Verdun
,
attempted
to
take
from
him
Bullen
and
Verdun
:
So
that
this
Prince
who
was
not
yet
Seventeen
years
of
Age
,
was
compelled
to
have
recourse
to
an
early
Valour
for
the
Recovery
of
one
part
and
the
Defence
of
the
other
part
,
of
his
Inheritance
.
And
therefore
putting
himself
into
the
Castle
of
Bullen
,
which
Albert
assisted
by
the
Forces
of
the
Bishop
of
Verdun
had
besieged
,
he
so
vigorously
repulsed
his
Enemies
in
all
their
attacks
,
that
he
forced
them
to
a
dishonourable
Retreat
after
they
had
lost
the
better
part
of
their
Army
;
and
in
the
same
quarrel
he
undertook
a
single
Combat
against
the
said
Earl
,
in
the
presence
of
the
Emperor
and
his
whole
Court
;
during
the
Combat
he
had
the
Misfortune
in
making
a
notable
Blow
at
the
Head
of
his
Enemy
,
to
break
his
Sword
short
within
half
a
foot
of
the
Hilt
;
but
notwithstanding
this
Disaster
,
it
was
impossible
to
perswade
him
to
determine
the
difference
upon
such
terms
of
accommodation
as
upon
this
occasion
were
tendred
to
him
,
but
pursuing
his
point
he
fought
with
redoubled
Ardor
,
till
at
length
having
tumbled
down
his
Enemy
with
a
mighty
Blow
which
he
gave
him
with
the
Pommel
of
his
Sword
upon
his
head
;
being
now
a
Conquerer
he
accepted
that
Agreement
which
before
he
had
generously
refused
,
whilest
being
disarmed
he
ran
the
utmost
hazzard
of
being
Vanquished
.
And
afterwards
surmounting
those
just
resentments
which
he
might
well
have
entertained
against
the
Emperour
who
had
so
Injuriously
deprived
him
of
his
Dutchy
,
he
nevertheless
followed
him
in
those
Wars
which
he
made
in
Germany
and
Italy
,
whereupon
all
occasions
he
rendred
him
very
signal
Services
:
and
it
is
reported
that
he
himself
took
the
Imperial
Eagle
in
the
Famous
Battle
against
the
Saxons
who
had
declared
for
Emperor
Rodolph
of
Suabia
,
when
Victory
beginning
to
declare
herself
for
that
Prince
,
he
ravished
it
from
him
,
together
with
his
Life
,
by
giving
him
a
mortal
Wound
with
the
very
Cornet
which
he
had
newly
taken
:
And
afterwards
when
the
Emperor
took
the
City
of
Rome
from
Pope
Gregory
the
Seventh
,
he
was
the
first
man
that
possessed
himself
of
the
breach
and
thereby
Entred
the
Town
.
They
further
add
,
that
after
this
falling
into
a
most
violent
distemper
which
reduced
him
to
the
utmost
Extremity
of
Danger
,
he
made
a
Vow
to
undertake
an
Expedition
to
the
Holy
Land
,
as
not
long
after
did
many
Princes
and
Bishops
according
to
the
Devotion
so
much
in
Vogue
at
that
time
,
and
that
God
Almighty
was
pleased
to
manifest
that
this
Vow
was
acceptable
to
him
by
restoring
him
to
his
Health
beyond
all
Expectation
,
and
without
the
application
of
any
of
the
usual
Remedies
.
Be
it
how
it
will
,
neither
this
Vow
nor
this
Miracle
,
nor
this
entring
the
breach
at
Rome
are
such
matters
as
have
any
certain
foundation
in
the
Historians
who
were
his
Contemporaries
;
but
this
is
most
certain
,
that
,
whether
it
were
that
he
was
sensibly
touched
with
the
extraordinary
Merit
of
this
Prince
,
and
the
considerable
Services
which
he
had
received
from
him
,
or
that
he
therein
gratified
the
displeasure
he
had
taken
against
Conrade
who
now
began
to
relinquish
his
Interests
,
the
Emperor
put
Godfrey
into
the
Possession
of
the
Dutchy
of
the
Lower
Lorrain
the
Inheritance
of
his
Mother
,
which
he
had
detained
from
him
Thirteen
Years
:
And
that
he
might
yet
link
him
more
closely
than
by
the
meer
Obligation
of
Duty
,
he
was
resolved
to
have
him
his
Brother
in
Law
,
and
gave
him
his
Sister
Adelaida
in
Marriage
.
After
which
Godfrey
seeing
himself
in
a
Condition
capable
of
recovering
the
Earldom
of
Verdun
which
Theoderic
the
Bishop
and
Earl
Albert
at
present
detained
from
him
,
that
Affair
was
quickly
determined
;
for
the
Bishop
and
Earl
besieging
Stenay
where
Godfrey
had
built
a
very
strong
Castle
,
just
upon
the
Frontiers
of
Verdun
,
that
from
thence
he
might
more
easily
assail
his
Enemies
,
this
Fortunate
Prince
,
though
then
very
much
indisposed
in
Health
,
yet
combated
them
with
so
much
Conduct
and
Valour
,
that
he
relieved
the
Place
;
and
in
a
little
time
after
being
reinforced
with
the
Troops
which
Eustace
and
Baldwin
his
Brothers
brought
to
his
assistance
,
he
obliged
them
to
raise
their
Siege
,
and
in
Conclusion
they
were
forced
by
the
Determination
of
the
Bishop
of
Leige
who
was
made
Arbiter
of
the
Difference
,
to
restore
the
Earldom
of
Verdun
unto
Godfrey
.
In
this
flourishing
Posture
were
the
Affairs
of
Duke
Godfroy
when
the
Crusade
for
the
Deliverance
of
the
Holy
Land
was
proclaimed
;
and
he
was
in
the
Number
of
the
formost
to
take
the
Cross
,
which
he
did
with
that
Ardency
,
that
to
give
Example
to
other
Princes
to
sacrifice
all
to
the
Glory
of
Jesus
Christ
,
and
to
satisfie
that
importunate
Desire
which
he
had
so
long
since
cherished
for
this
Glorious
Conquest
,
he
generously
despoiled
himself
of
almost
his
whole
Inheritance
,
thereby
to
enable
himself
to
raise
the
more
and
the
better
Troops
;
And
for
this
purpose
he
either
morgaged
or
sold
the
Earldom
of
Bullen
and
Ardenna
to
Albert
Bishop
of
Liege
,
whose
Successors
are
possessed
of
it
to
this
very
day
,
Richerius
Bishop
of
Verdun
,
also
laid
hold
of
this
opportunity
to
purchase
the
Town
and
Castle
of
Stenay
with
its
Dependancies
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Earldom
of
Prince
Baldwin
upon
whom
his
Brother
Godfrey
had
lately
bestowed
it
.
Insomuch
that
by
a
pretty
odd
adventure
the
secular
Princes
impoverished
themselves
to
serve
Christ
Jesus
,
and
the
Ecclesiasticks
inriched
themselves
with
the
Spoils
of
these
Temporal
Princes
,
whose
Examples
ought
rather
to
have
incited
them
to
the
like
Devotion
;
but
they
chose
rather
to
make
use
of
that
Money
,
which
like
them
they
should
have
employed
to
so
pious
a
Work
as
the
Deliverance
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
to
advance
their
present
Fortunes
,
which
they
saw
these
Princes
so
generously
abandon
for
the
Love
of
God
.
But
if
History
ought
to
praise
the
Generosity
of
such
as
sold
their
Inheritances
upon
this
Glorious
Occalion
,
yet
it
has
no
Authority
to
condemn
the
Intentions
of
those
who
purchased
them
;
Since
their
Design
was
for
the
better
Accommodation
of
those
Churches
of
which
they
were
the
Pastors
and
the
Fathers
.
Godfrey
by
these
ways
having
put
himself
into
a
Capacity
to
raise
Soldiers
and
furnish
an
Equipage
,
was
in
a
short
time
accompanied
with
a
great
Number
of
such
as
had
taken
upon
them
the
Cross
,
besides
many
Princes
and
Gentlemen
his
Friends
who
served
as
Volunteers
.
But
the
fair
Reputation
which
he
had
acquired
throughout
all
Europe
,
and
those
admirable
Qualities
for
which
he
was
so
justly
valued
,
brought
him
in
far
greater
Numbers
than
his
Pay
;
for
Military
Men
came
slocking
to
him
from
all
parts
,
especially
the
Eastern
parts
of
France
,
the
Low
Countries
,
the
two
Lorains
and
the
Provinces
of
Germany
,
every
one
passionately
coveting
to
serve
in
this
Expedition
under
his
auspicious
Conduct
.
One
shall
rarely
meet
in
History
any
who
ever
exceeded
this
brave
Prince
either
in
those
obliging
Charms
which
attract
mens
Hearts
,
or
were
more
able
to
manage
that
absolute
Empire
over
those
Spirits
which
had
so
voluntarily
submitted
to
them
:
nor
did
he
stand
in
need
of
any
other
Authority
to
govern
them
than
what
he
was
obliged
to
for
his
Vertue
and
those
admirable
Graces
,
whith
which
Nature
had
even
to
Prosusion
adorned
him
.
He
was
in
the
Vigor
and
the
very
Flower
of
his
Age
,
having
lived
about
thirty
sive
years
,
his
Complexion
was
Sanguine
his
Temper
Robust
,
and
yet
such
as
shewed
the
fresh
Sweetness
and
Beauty
of
Youth
in
his
mature
and
many
Age
:
his
Shape
was
admirable
,
his
Body
straight
,
and
his
Stature
though
something
advanced
above
the
common
,
yet
carried
a
Proportion
in
all
parts
so
regular
,
as
made
him
only
appear
so
tall
as
to
approach
to
the
pitch
of
Heroick
;
his
Port
was
extream
Majestick
,
his
Behaviour
grave
and
serious
;
his
Colour
delicate
and
lively
,
his
Cheeks
wore
the
Livery
of
Vermilion
,
and
his
Eyes
siery
and
sparkling
,
but
withal
sweet
and
attracting
,
the
turn
of
his
face
was
most
perfectly
exact
,
his
Hair
light
and
fair
,
his
Speech
sweet
,
and
the
Sound
of
his
Voice
admirably
pleasing
;
and
with
all
these
Ornaments
of
Nature
,
he
had
a
Demeanor
so
charming
and
modest
,
that
one
who
accompanied
him
in
this
Expedition
to
the
Holy
Land
assures
us
,
that
his
Conversation
seemed
to
have
more
of
the
meekness
of
a
Recluse
than
the
fierceness
of
a
Soldier
;
notwithstanding
which
upon
the
approach
of
an
Enemy
,
when
he
was
going
to
the
Combat
,
he
seemed
in
an
instant
metamorphosed
into
another
quite
different
Person
;
he
looked
like
a
generous
Lyon
,
so
much
Resolution
,
Heat
,
and
Fierceness
appeared
in
his
Eyes
,
his
Voice
,
his
Gestures
and
his
Gate
;
and
by
how
much
greater
the
Danger
was
,
so
much
was
his
Courage
redoubled
,
that
it
had
not
the
least
acquaintance
with
Fear
;
and
that
Soul
which
Nature
had
planted
in
so
fair
a
Body
was
animated
with
that
prodigious
force
,
that
there
are
few
examples
that
can
come
in
competition
with
him
;
for
neither
Casque
,
nor
Curiass
,
nor
Shield
where
he
bestowed
his
mighty
Blows
were
any
proof
against
his
Invincible
Arm
,
or
could
defend
those
who
wore
them
from
a
certain
Death
:
and
besides
all
this
,
he
was
a
perfect
Master
at
all
sorts
of
Weapons
,
and
intimately
acquainted
with
every
secret
of
the
military
Art
,
insomuch
that
even
Envy
it self
must
be
constrained
to
give
place
to
the
Judgement
of
the
whole
Earth
,
it
being
impossible
to
dispute
these
advantages
with
him
,
which
yet
were
more
marvellous
in
him
who
possessed
them
,
in
that
they
were
accompanied
with
all
the
Vertues
of
a
mighty
Mind
;
for
it
is
most
unexceptionably
true
,
that
no
Person
ever
better
adjusted
the
Exercises
of
a
military
Imploy
,
with
those
of
an
honest
man
and
an
admirable
Christian
;
He
was
kind
,
affable
,
respectful
affectionate
,
tender
,
and
a
most
excellent
Friend
;
he
would
caress
the
meanest
Souldiers
,
and
comfort
them
in
their
Hardships
with
the
care
and
kindness
of
a
Father
;
he
was
firm
and
immoveable
in
his
Resolves
,
and
one
who
ever
kept
his
Word
Inviolable
,
a
great
Lover
of
Justice
,
never
failing
to
render
to
every
Person
according
to
his
Merits
;
he
was
obliging
,
liberal
and
magnificent
in
every
thing
except
what
related
to
his
own
Person
,
which
he
neglected
in
such
a
manner
as
was
well
enough
becoming
the
Person
of
a
Souldier
,
though
a
Prince
,
and
which
rather
shewed
a
generous
disdain
of
Pride
and
Luxury
,
than
any
Inclinations
to
what
was
mean
or
sordid
.
He
was
most
curiously
diligent
in
matters
of
the
greatest
moment
,
and
especially
how
he
might
best
please
Almighty
God
,
to
whom
by
a
kind
of
Miracle
in
a
man
of
the
Sword
,
he
had
the
greatest
and
most
constant
care
to
unite
himself
by
the
Exercises
of
Devotion
,
even
amidst
the
greatest
croud
of
his
most
Important
Affairs
,
and
particularly
by
an
Assiduity
in
his
daily
making
most
fervent
Prayers
to
the
Divine
Omnipotence
.
And
his
Piety
was
so
far
from
diminishing
his
Native
Vigor
,
that
it
added
new
Forces
to
it
,
and
inlightned
his
understanding
in
such
an
extraordinary
Measure
,
as
inabled
him
to
act
even
beyond
admiration
both
as
a
Captain
and
a
Souldier
.
Being
such
as
I
have
endeavoured
to
represent
him
from
the
Discription
of
the
Historians
his
Contemporaries
,
or
such
as
lived
nearest
to
those
times
,
it
will
now
be
no
matter
of
astonishment
,
that
the
greatest
Number
of
those
who
devoted
themselves
to
this
Holy
War
,
came
to
offer
their
Service
to
this
gallant
man
,
or
if
at
that
instant
he
used
a
certain
politick
Dexterity
whereupon
the
Success
of
the
Enterprize
seemed
in
so
great
a
measure
to
depend
.
For
Peter
the
Hermit
particularly
having
addressed
himself
to
him
,
this
Prince
immediately
perceiving
he
should
be
clogged
by
having
this
multitude
of
unprofitable
People
upon
his
hands
who
blindly
followed
the
Hermit
,
he
concluded
that
to
prevent
the
disorders
which
they
might
occasion
in
his
Army
,
where
they
were
more
likely
to
destroy
him
by
Famine
than
help
him
by
the
Sword
,
he
contrived
to
send
those
People
before
under
the
Conduct
of
their
own
Director
,
who
without
scruple
presently
accepted
of
the
Command
;
and
indeed
he
thought
he
should
have
a
Sovereign
Power
over
those
Person
who
were
used
to
render
him
such
Extraordinary
Honours
,
even
to
down-right
Superstition
,
so
prepossessed
were
they
with
the
opinion
of
his
Sanctity
,
and
as
it
were
charmed
with
his
very
looks
and
enchanted
with
his
words
.
And
certainly
,
all
his
actions
and
the
manner
of
his
living
,
were
wonderful
proper
to
draw
the
applause
and
admiration
of
the
Populace
,
who
suffer
themselves
easily
to
be
affected
with
outward
appearances
,
especially
such
as
are
odd
and
surprizing
;
for
his
under
Garment
was
of
simple
Woolen
without
any
dye
or
colour
,
with
a
great
Hood
the
point
whereof
reached
down
to
his
very
heels
,
and
over
all
a
Hermits
Mantle
about
his
Neck
which
came
to
his
knees
:
he
went
barefooted
;
his
abstinence
was
extraordinary
,
he
never
eat
either
Bread
or
Flesh
,
but
contented
himself
with
Lentils
,
Fish
,
and
a
very
little
Wine
,
with
which
he
sustained
himself
in
the
greatest
Fatigues
:
he
never
kept
any
Money
,
but
disposed
of
those
vast
Summs
which
were
bestowed
upon
him
,
by
distributing
them
among
the
poorer
sort
of
the
Crusades
,
or
employed
them
to
maintain
the
Souldiers
,
or
such
Persons
as
by
his
preaching
were
reclaimed
from
their
vicious
courses
,
and
to
marry
such
young
women
as
by
reason
of
their
Poverty
had
taken
up
the
Infamous
Trade
of
sinning
:
He
composed
all
differences
with
a
marvellous
Authority
,
and
made
Peace
where-ever
he
came
;
and
,
in
short
,
he
did
so
many
good
things
and
gained
so
high
a
Reputation
,
that
several
witnesses
of
admirable
Credit
,
who
saw
him
preach
the
Crusade
in
France
do
aver
,
that
the
people
followed
him
as
if
he
had
been
a
man
sent
from
Heaven
,
and
treated
him
with
more
Honour
and
Reverence
than
any
of
their
Prelates
,
and
that
never
any
man
passed
more
generally
for
a
Saint
or
for
a
Prophet
:
that
whatever
he
either
said
or
did
,
was
received
as
an
immediate
Command
from
Heaven
,
and
that
the
Common
People
who
canonized
him
for
a
Living
Saint
,
went
so
far
,
as
to
get
the
very
hairs
of
his
Mule
,
which
they
laid
up
as
Reliques
;
thus
it
is
,
that
after
these
feeble
Spirits
have
according
to
their
way
made
a
Saint
of
a
man
upon
whom
they
dote
,
there
is
no
sort
of
Illusion
,
Caprice
,
disorder
or
abuse
which
they
will
not
mistake
for
a
Divine
Inspiration
,
nor
any
thing
tho
never
so
fantastical
or
extravagant
which
they
will
not
be
ready
to
precipitate
themselves
into
.
In
reality
I
cannot
think
that
Peter
did
in
the
least
contribute
to
this
Superstition
of
the
blind
and
injudicious
Populace
,
but
on
the
other
hand
I
cannot
believe
,
that
he
was
at
all
afflicted
to
see
himself
followed
by
such
Multitudes
of
People
which
he
thought
were
intirely
at
his
Devotion
,
and
of
whom
he
perswaded
himself
he
should
alwaies
be
able
to
retain
the
Command
.
And
that
being
a
Gentleman
who
before
his
retirement
had
born
Arms
,
the
desire
of
Glory
and
some
little
remainders
of
the
Spirit
of
a
Souldier
which
still
dwelt
about
his
heart
,
might
give
him
no
sort
of
Repugnance
to
see
himself
at
the
head
of
a
great
Army
;
and
the
Nature
of
the
War
which
was
to
be
undertaken
,
might
easily
induce
him
to
believe
,
that
he
might
lawfully
undertake
such
a
military
Command
without
affronting
his
Orders
of
Priesthood
,
or
embracing
the
World
which
he
had
renounced
.
But
it
was
not
long
before
he
found
by
woful
Experience
,
that
he
who
transgresseth
the
Bounds
of
his
Profession
,
does
not
prosper
long
;
for
he
must
needs
want
the
Blessing
of
God
,
whose
pleasure
is
that
all
persons
should
keep
their
Order
and
Station
in
the
World
,
and
not
dare
to
undertake
the
Charge
or
Function
which
belongs
not
to
them
.
All
this
time
Duke
Godfrey
whose
principal
aim
was
to
disincumber
himself
of
this
confused
Rabble
who
from
all
parts
were
rolled
together
,
and
which
he
was
in
no
sort
of
Condition
to
accommodate
with
subsistence
,
was
not
in
the
least
averse
to
follow
the
inclinations
of
Peter
;
and
therefore
he
declared
him
Captain
General
of
this
first
Army
of
the
Crusades
,
which
was
ordered
to
advance
first
towards
Constantinople
.
The
Hermit
who
would
needs
imitate
the
Duke
,
that
he
might
avoid
Confusion
divided
his
Troops
into
two
Bodies
;
the
first
,
which
was
composed
of
about
the
third
part
of
his
foot
,
he
put
under
the
Command
of
a
French
Gentleman
,
one
of
his
friends
,
whose
name
was
Gautier
,
a
very
brave
man
and
a
good
Captain
,
but
who
had
no
other
Fortune
besides
his
Sword
,
and
who
for
that
reason
was
usually
called
Captain
Have-little
,
or
Monyless
.
This
Gentleman
who
had
no
more
than
eight
Horsemen
to
guard
such
a
numerous
Infantry
,
began
his
March
the
eighteenth
day
of
March
,
and
after
having
with
a
great
deal
of
trouble
passed
through
Germany
all
along
the
Danubius
he
entered
into
Hungary
;
that
Country
was
then
governed
by
King
Carloman
,
the
youngest
Son
of
King
Bela
,
whose
Grandfather
was
Uncle
to
St.
Stephen
the
Son
of
Geiza
,
the
first
Christian
King
of
Hungary
.
This
Prince
very
frankly
permitted
them
the
Liberty
of
passage
,
they
paying
for
what
they
had
;
but
this
could
not
prevent
the
Hungarians
from
very
ill
treating
this
stragling
People
:
for
being
arrived
upon
the
Frontier
of
Bulgaria
,
where
they
were
refused
the
accommodations
of
Provisions
,
the
Troops
were
permitted
to
live
at
discretion
,
to
plunder
the
Country
and
take
what
they
could
find
for
their
subsistence
;
this
so
incensed
the
Inhabitants
of
those
Countries
,
that
they
presently
took
Arms
,
and
assembling
to
the
number
of
one
hundred
forty
thousand
men
,
they
fell
upon
the
Crusades
so
briskly
,
that
they
had
much
to
do
,
in
great
Confusion
,
to
save
themselves
among
the
Woods
,
after
having
left
a
great
part
of
their
Companions
to
the
mercy
of
the
Enemies
;
and
Gautier
with
the
remainder
were
in
no
small
danger
of
perishing
,
being
for
eight
days
constrained
to
indure
the
utmost
Extremities
in
passing
through
those
vast
and
desolate
Forrests
,
till
in
conclusion
,
arriving
at
a
great
Town
in
Mysia
,
the
Prince
of
Bulgaria
compassionating
their
Miseries
,
did
not
only
supply
them
with
plenty
of
Provisions
,
but
furnished
them
with
able
Guides
,
who
carried
them
the
best
way
towards
Constantinople
,
where
the
Emperor
disposed
them
in
an
Encampment
to
attend
the
rest
of
the
Army
,
which
was
conducted
by
Peter
himself
.
But
the
Voyage
of
the
poor
Hermite
was
yet
more
Unfortunate
than
that
of
his
Precursor
:
He
had
about
forty
thousand
Foot
indifferently
well
armed
,
and
a
good
number
of
Horse
,
of
whom
the
Principal
were
Renard
of
Breis
,
Gautier
de
Breteuil
,
Foucher
of
Orleans
,
and
Godsrey
Burel
of
Estampes
,
besides
an
insinite
Number
of
unnecessary
People
,
Women
,
Old
Men
and
Children
,
who
followed
the
Army
,
some
on
Foot
,
and
some
in
Carriages
.
But
in
truth
he
now
quickly
found
how
great
a
difference
there
was
between
Preaching
up
the
Cross
to
an
unarmed
Audience
who
run
to
hear
the
Novelty
,
and
the
Conducting
according
to
the
regular
Discipline
of
War
,
and
Commanding
those
who
now
had
Swords
in
their
Hands
.
For
as
he
Marched
through
Hungary
,
King
Carloman
having
granted
him
free
Passage
,
provided
his
People
committed
no
Disorders
,
he
undertook
to
signalize
himself
with
an
Action
which
neither
comported
with
his
being
a
Hermite
,
nor
a
Christian
,
and
which
both
the
Laws
of
Honour
and
of
Prudence
might
justly
have
prohibited
him
to
do
:
For
under
pretence
of
Revenging
the
Injury
which
some
Souldiers
of
the
first
Army
had
received
at
Malleville
,
a
good
Town
upon
the
Frontier
of
Hungary
and
Bulgaria
,
he
attaqued
the
Place
by
Force
,
and
contrary
to
his
Faith
given
to
Carloman
,
he
took
it
by
Storm
,
putting
to
the
Sword
above
four
thousand
Hungarians
;
after
which
Action
he
retained
no
manner
of
Authority
,
nor
was
in
any
sort
master
of
those
People
:
For
whether
they
thought
themselves
by
the
Example
of
their
General
,
Authorised
to
take
the
Liberty
of
measuring
out
their
own
Revenge
,
or
whether
it
were
the
desire
of
Booty
,
the
Pleasure
of
which
they
now
began
to
tast
in
the
Saccage
of
this
miserable
Town
;
or
whether
seeing
the
Hermite
in
a
Condition
so
different
from
that
wherein
they
had
Reverenced
him
as
a
Saint
,
they
retained
nothing
of
the
former
Idea
of
him
,
and
they
neither
considered
him
as
Peter
,
nor
as
the
General
of
the
Army
,
altho
he
affected
both
the
one
and
the
other
.
However
it
were
,
it
is
certain
,
that
there
was
no
manner
of
Excess
,
no
sort
of
Crimes
,
Persidiousness
,
Cruelty
,
Robberies
,
Murder
,
Fire
,
or
any
kind
of
Violence
,
which
these
brutish
Dreggs
of
the
People
of
France
,
Lorrain
,
and
Germany
,
did
not
commit
;
they
neither
knew
Discipline
,
or
any
fear
of
God
or
Man
;
but
notwithstanding
all
that
the
Hermite
could
with
his
utmost
Power
do
,
to
oppose
them
,
they
abandoned
themselves
to
the
Commission
of
the
most
horrible
Ravages
,
all
along
their
March
through
Hungary
and
the
Confines
of
Bulgaria
.
But
as
one
of
the
Writers
of
that
time
observes
,
who
doth
not
dissemble
the
Truth
,
as
doth
William
of
Tyre
,
who
writ
a
long
time
after
;
When
once
a
Body
,
otherwise
of
an
ill
Composure
,
comes
to
have
a
weak
and
languishing
Head
,
it
becomes
every
day
worse
and
worse
,
and
cannot
in
Conclusion
,
possibly
avoid
a
necessary
Ruin
.
And
so
it
happened
here
,
for
the
Bulgarians
and
Hungarians
,
justly
exasperated
against
these
persidious
Wretches
,
took
all
Occasions
to
fall
upon
them
;
and
finding
them
in
a
disorderly
March
,
they
slew
above
ten
thousand
of
them
upon
the
place
,
took
all
their
Baggage
and
their
Provisions
,
their
Wives
,
Children
,
and
the
old
Men
who
could
not
slye
,
together
with
two
thousand
Waggons
,
amongst
which
were
those
which
carried
the
Treasure
of
Peter
the
Hermite
.
Nor
was
it
without
great
Difficulty
that
he
rallied
the
rest
of
his
Troops
,
who
saved
themselves
in
the
Woods
and
Mountains
,
and
that
in
Conclusion
,
in
extreme
want
of
all
things
,
the
first
day
of
August
he
joyned
Gautier
the
Monyless
,
who
waited
for
his
coming
,
little
expecting
to
sind
him
reduced
to
such
a
piteous
Condition
as
he
himself
was
in
,
being
obliged
to
live
upon
the
Charity
and
Alms
of
the
Emperor
.
Now
these
ill
Examples
being
extremely
Contagious
,
it
happened
that
in
a
little
time
after
two
other
Armies
of
these
counterfeit
Crusades
,
who
abused
so
Religious
an
Enterprise
,
following
the
same
Methods
,
and
rather
surpassing
the
Disorders
of
the
first
,
did
also
by
the
most
just
Judgment
of
God
,
perish
in
a
most
deplorable
manner
.
For
a
German
Priest
of
the
Palatinate
,
one
Godescale
,
who
had
conferred
with
Peter
in
his
Travails
,
was
resolved
to
imitate
him
;
and
therefore
he
did
with
such
vehemency
preach
up
the
Crusade
,
that
he
assembled
about
fifteen
thousand
Soldiers
,
Germans
and
Lorrainers
,
at
the
Head
of
whom
he
put
himself
,
and
very
peaceably
,
and
with
out
any
Disorder
,
paying
exactly
for
whatever
they
took
,
he
marched
as
far
as
Hungary
:
But
finding
there
an
excessive
Plenty
of
all
things
,
the
Year
having
been
the
most
Fruitful
that
had
been
known
,
they
fell
to
Debauchery
;
so
that
being
almost
continually
drunk
,
there
was
no
sort
of
Insolence
,
injastice
,
or
Cruelty
,
which
with
a
horrible
Brutality
they
did
not
commit
against
those
who
had
so
courteously
Entertained
them
.
Whereupon
all
Hungary
by
the
Command
of
the
King
was
immediately
in
Arms
,
in
order
to
exterminate
these
perfidious
Villains
,
so
that
besieging
them
in
their
Camp
,
they
were
,
in
short
,
compelled
to
surrender
their
Arms
and
themselves
to
Discretion
to
the
Officers
of
the
King
,
they
giving
them
an
assurance
of
their
Lives
;
but
the
Hungarians
furiously
Incensed
against
them
,
thinking
it
very
lawful
to
revenge
Persidiousness
by
Treachery
,
no
sooner
saw
them
disarmed
but
they
fell
upon
them
and
put
them
all
to
the
Sword
,
except
a
very
few
who
escaped
the
Massacre
to
carry
the
woful
News
into
their
own
Country
to
the
other
Crusades
,
who
yet
by
their
Misfortune
grew
never
the
Wiser
or
more
Considerate
.
For
in
the
beginning
of
the
Summer
of
this
same
Year
,
a
prodigious
Multitude
of
People
,
gathered
from
divers
parts
of
France
,
England
,
the
low
Countries
,
Lorrain
,
and
that
part
of
Germany
which
lyes
upon
the
Rhine
,
drawing
along
with
them
an
infinite
of
Women
and
People
of
the
lewdest
Condition
in
the
World
,
assembled
themselves
near
Collen
,
where
they
passed
the
Rhine
in
order
to
joyn
with
Count
Emico
,
who
attended
them
with
a
great
number
of
Crusades
of
the
higher
Germany
,
of
the
same
dissolute
Complexion
with
themselves
.
These
People
to
Signalize
their
false
Zeal
by
covering
a
most
barbarous
Action
with
the
specious
pretence
of
Piety
,
most
inhumanly
Massacred
all
the
Jews
whom
they
found
at
Collen
and
Mayence
,
where
they
forced
the
Arch-Bishops
Palace
,
where
Rothard
the
Archbishop
had
secured
a
hundred
of
these
poor
Creatures
,
as
in
a
Sanctuary
.
But
it
proved
no
Protection
against
the
Fury
of
those
Barbarians
,
who
Butchered
them
in
a
most
savage
manner
,
cutting
their
Throats
like
Sheep
,
sparing
neither
the
Women
for
their
Sex
,
nor
the
Children
for
their
innocent
Age
,
nor
indeed
was
there
any
Sanctuary
to
be
found
against
this
horrible
Barbarism
which
was
inspired
by
Avarice
,
and
promoted
by
an
insatiable
Covetousness
of
the
Riches
of
the
Jews
.
Insomuch
that
the
remainders
of
them
being
reduced
to
the
utmost
Dispair
,
chose
rather
to
repeat
the
doleful
Example
of
Saguntum
&
Capua
,
and
with
their
own
Hand
to
commit
the
bloody
Execution
;
so
that
barricadoing
themselves
within
their
Houses
,
the
pityless
Mothers
like
Furies
cut
the
Throats
of
their
sucking
Babes
,
the
Husbands
their
Wives
and
Daughters
,
and
the
Fathers
their
Sons
,
and
the
Servants
chose
rather
to
dispatch
each
other
,
than
to
fall
into
the
Hands
of
those
incompassionate
Monsters
,
who
profaned
the
Character
,
and
rendered
the
Name
of
Christian
,
of
which
they
were
unworthy
,
most
Infamous
and
Detestable
.
But
it
was
not
long
before
God
Almighty
,
by
the
remarkable
Vengeance
which
he
executed
upon
these
wicked
People
,
manifested
the
Abhorrence
which
he
had
of
their
Crimes
,
and
that
he
had
no
Intention
to
make
use
of
their
Service
,
in
reconquering
the
Inheritance
of
his
Son
,
by
the
profane
Hands
of
those
who
had
declared
themselves
his
Enemies
,
by
such
Impieties
,
as
even
the
Infidels
themselves
would
have
blushed
to
commit
.
For
this
huge
Army
of
Bedlams
,
which
consisted
of
above
two
hundred
thousand
Men
,
of
whom
there
were
not
above
three
thousand
Horse
,
laying
Siege
to
Mesbourg
,
a
strong
place
upon
the
Danubius
in
Hungary
,
where
they
were
denyed
Passage
,
and
when
they
were
just
upon
the
point
of
gaining
it
,
was
in
an
instant
struck
with
such
a
Pannick
Fear
,
that
they
fled
with
so
much
Precipitation
,
Blindness
,
and
Disorder
,
and
all
perished
there
except
a
very
few
of
the
Horse
,
who
being
well
mounted
saved
themselves
by
Flight
:
For
the
greatest
part
of
them
were
Smothered
whilest
they
indeavoured
to
pass
the
Morass
with
which
the
Town
is
Invironed
,
others
were
slain
by
the
Garrison
,
who
upon
this
occasion
sallying
out
,
followed
them
with
Death
closely
at
the
Heels
;
many
were
cut
off
by
the
Peasants
who
ran
from
all
parts
to
take
Vengeance
of
these
Robbers
,
and
a
multitude
of
them
were
drowned
,
whilest
indeavouring
to
pass
the
Danube
they
tumbled
headlong
one
upon
another
,
so
that
the
Shoar
of
that
great
River
was
for
some
time
covered
with
their
dead
Bodies
;
insomuch
that
this
prodigious
multitude
of
distracted
People
,
who
pretended
with
impunity
to
commit
the
most
execrable
Crimes
in
the
World
,
causing
a
Shee-Goat
to
be
worshipped
,
which
was
carried
at
the
Head
of
the
Army
as
their
conducting
Divinity
,
vanished
in
a
moment
,
by
a
terrible
Blow
of
the
Divine
Justice
,
which
would
not
indure
to
be
affronted
by
their
pretended
Piety
,
and
making
Religion
only
a
Cover
for
those
abominable
Wickednesses
wherewith
they
daily
dishonored
God
.
year
1096
But
to
proceed
,
the
Army
of
Peter
the
Hermite
did
not
meet
with
a
Fortune
much
more
advantageous
:
It
was
now
become
very
numerous
by
the
Conjunction
of
an
infinite
number
of
Lombards
,
Genoese
,
Piemontanes
,
and
other
People
of
Italy
,
who
having
taken
upon
them
the
Cross
with
the
earliest
,
even
presently
after
the
Council
of
Clermont
,
came
in
several
Troops
by
themselves
without
any
Leaders
,
and
being
joyned
with
those
Forces
of
Gautier
near
Constantinople
,
they
were
commanded
there
to
attend
the
Arrival
of
the
Hermite
by
the
Emperors
Order
,
who
now
began
to
entertain
some
suspicious
Jealousies
of
this
great
Army
of
Franks
,
who
were
to
be
followed
by
others
as
numerous
as
they
.
So
soon
as
Peter
was
arrived
,
the
Emperor
who
had
an
extream
desire
to
see
him
,
sent
for
him
to
the
Palace
,
where
the
Hermite
,
who
by
the
Voyage
he
had
made
into
the
Levant
,
was
well
skilled
in
the
Language
,
and
as
Eloquent
an
Orator
as
a
great
Captain
,
made
him
a
Discourse
in
publick
upon
the
Subject
of
this
Expedition
and
the
Holy
War
,
of
the
Forces
,
and
Qualities
of
the
Princes
which
were
expected
;
with
which
the
Emperor
appeared
so
well
satisfied
,
that
he
made
the
Hermite
very
fair
Presents
,
and
bestowed
upon
him
a
round
Sum
of
Money
to
buy
Provisions
for
his
Troops
.
After
which
he
sent
him
back
to
the
Camp
,
Exhorting
him
by
no
means
to
precipitate
this
great
Affair
,
and
especially
not
to
attempt
the
passing
of
the
Straits
till
the
Arrival
of
the
Princes
;
nor
to
expose
his
harrassed
Troops
against
those
of
the
Turks
,
which
were
far
stronger
than
his
,
and
against
which
his
tired
and
feeble
Men
would
be
able
to
make
no
tolerable
Resistance
.
The
truth
is
,
the
greatest
part
of
our
Historians
represent
this
Prince
as
the
most
perfidious
and
disloyal
of
Mankind
;
one
who
under
the
fine
appearance
of
a
feigned
Friendship
,
covered
that
horrible
Treason
which
he
had
contrived
against
the
Latins
,
which
was
by
a
thousand
unworthy
Artifices
to
bring
them
to
Destruction
,
as
well
as
by
the
Arms
of
the
Turkish
Infidels
;
on
the
other
side
,
the
Greek
Writers
,
when
they
mention
this
Emperor
and
this
War
,
speak
nothing
like
it
;
and
the
Princess
Anna
his
Daughter
,
who
hath
written
the
History
of
her
Father
,
in
a
Stile
Florid
and
Beautiful
,
after
the
Genius
of
her
Sex
,
in
her
Alexiada
,
paints
him
directly
contrary
,
and
hath
dressed
him
up
like
a
Hero
,
a
Wise
and
Politick
Prince
,
who
upon
this
Occurrence
performed
the
most
admirable
things
in
the
World
.
But
to
deal
sincerely
and
without
Prejudice
,
the
best
way
in
my
Opinion
is
to
avoid
both
these
Extreams
,
to
the
end
thereby
,
if
possible
,
to
find
out
Truth
in
the
middle
Way
.
But
this
is
most
certain
,
that
this
Alexis
Comnenius
was
no
other
than
an
Usurper
of
the
Empire
of
his
Master
and
his
Benefactor
,
who
had
given
him
the
Command
of
General
of
all
his
Forces
:
He
was
a
Prince
who
was
dexterously
Cunning
,
and
a
witty
Dissembler
,
Covetous
and
Cruel
,
and
one
who
easily
made
the
Laws
of
Honour
,
Conscience
,
and
Justice
,
comply
with
humane
Policy
,
and
whatever
seemed
to
be
his
present
Interest
:
And
therefore
it
is
most
probable
,
in
my
Judgment
,
that
he
having
so
earnestly
requested
of
the
Pope
,
to
procure
him
the
Assistance
of
the
Latins
against
the
Turks
,
who
were
now
become
Masters
of
the
lesser
Asia
,
and
threatned
the
Imperial
City
,
that
it
was
his
real
Design
to
receive
the
Crusades
,
and
to
joyn
his
Forces
with
them
,
to
Defeat
those
incroaching
and
dangerous
Neighbours
,
and
to
recover
those
Provinces
which
his
Predecessors
had
lost
;
and
that
for
this
Reason
he
advised
Peter
,
by
no
means
to
pass
into
Asia
with
those
raw
and
undisciplined
Men.
But
in
making
my
Observations
out
of
some
of
our
own
Authors
,
I
find
there
were
two
things
which
made
him
change
this
Opinion
,
and
take
Measures
quite
different
from
his
former
Resolution
.
The
first
was
that
great
,
and
indeed
,
prodigious
Number
of
the
Crusades
,
and
those
valiant
Men
who
were
expected
under
the
Conduct
of
the
Princes
of
France
,
of
whose
Courage
and
Ambition
he
was
not
too
well
assured
.
For
in
truth
,
the
Pope
believing
it
would
be
joyful
and
welcome
News
to
him
,
had
given
him
an
account
by
Letters
some
time
after
the
Council
of
Clermont
,
that
in
a
small
time
he
should
have
on
Foot
an
Army
of
three
hundred
thousand
Crusades
,
under
the
Command
of
those
brave
Princes
,
whose
Names
and
Qualities
he
therein
recounted
to
him
,
and
that
by
the
Noise
which
this
Design
made
throughout
all
the
West
,
he
believed
the
Number
would
be
augmented
every
day
.
But
that
which
gave
him
the
greatest
Disturbance
of
all
,
was
,
that
some
time
after
he
received
Intelligence
,
that
the
famous
Bohemond
,
Prince
of
Tarentum
,
the
Son
of
Robert
Guischard
,
who
even
in
Greece
had
made
War
with
him
so
much
to
his
Glory
and
Advantage
,
was
to
make
one
of
the
Party
;
then
immediately
the
Devil
of
State-Jealousy
entred
into
,
and
possessed
his
Soul
,
that
this
brave
Norman
Prince
might
possibly
have
preingaged
all
those
other
Princes
,
and
formed
such
a
powerful
League
amongst
them
,
under
the
Colour
of
a
War
against
the
Infidels
,
to
turn
all
those
Arms
against
himself
,
and
following
the
Traces
of
his
Fathers
Design
,
indeavour
to
deprive
him
of
the
Constantinopolitan
Empire
.
The
second
,
was
the
insupportable
Insolence
of
this
Army
of
Peasants
and
Vagabonds
,
which
Peter
the
Hermite
and
Gautier
,
after
a
miserable
Fashion
seemed
to
Command
,
who
indeed
were
under
no
manner
of
Obedience
;
the
Emperor
Alexis
had
given
them
Liberty
to
Encamp
without
the
Suburbs
of
Constantinople
,
and
to
Traffique
with
his
People
for
all
kind
of
Necessaries
at
the
Price
Currant
;
but
these
Brutes
,
who
laughed
at
the
Orders
of
their
Superiors
,
took
what
Liberty
they
thought
fit
,
and
committed
the
very
same
Disorders
which
had
been
so
fatal
to
them
before
in
Hungary
,
for
in
five
days
space
they
made
such
a
Desolation
in
the
Suburbs
of
that
City
,
and
the
places
adjacent
,
that
even
the
Turks
and
Saracens
themselves
could
not
have
done
more
;
they
Plundered
all
the
beautiful
Houses
of
Pleasure
,
and
the
magnificent
Palaces
which
were
without
the
City
,
and
afterwards
burnt
them
;
they
Sacrilegiously
Robbed
the
Churches
,
stripping
them
even
of
the
very
Coverings
of
the
Lead
,
which
they
sold
to
the
Greeks
:
These
fearful
and
excessive
Brutalities
,
did
so
fortify
the
Jealousies
of
Alexis
,
and
so
exasperated
him
against
the
Latins
,
that
without
considering
that
these
were
only
the
Scum
and
Sink
of
the
common
People
,
as
he
very
well
understood
himself
;
he
resolved
to
do
all
that
possibly
he
could
,
utterly
to
destroy
them
,
and
yet
so
far
to
dissemble
with
the
Princes
,
as
to
draw
to
himself
all
the
Advantages
he
could
from
their
Conquests
.
And
therefore
,
whereas
formerly
he
had
Counselled
the
Hermite
to
expect
the
coming
up
of
the
rest
of
the
Forces
,
and
not
to
expose
himself
with
those
pitiful
Troops
,
he
was
now
for
having
him
immediately
to
pass
forwards
to
the
Straits
through
Bithynia
:
This
they
did
,
all
the
way
commiting
the
same
Disorder
,
till
they
came
to
Nicomedia
,
Plundering
,
Ravaging
,
and
Desolating
the
Lands
,
Houses
,
and
the
Churches
of
the
Christians
,
against
whom
these
Libertines
seemed
to
make
that
War
,
which
they
had
vowed
to
make
against
the
Infidels
,
neither
the
Fear
of
God
,
nor
the
Authority
of
their
Hermite
General
being
in
the
least
available
to
stop
the
Torrent
of
their
Fury
.
But
God
Almighty
to
vindicate
the
Honor
of
his
Justice
,
in
a
little
time
took
Vengeance
on
them
,
and
punished
their
innumerable
Crimes
,
making
to
perish
by
the
Hands
of
the
Turks
,
those
who
had
so
unworthily
profaned
the
Cross
,
which
they
had
undertaken
against
them
:
For
as
Peace
and
Unity
cannot
long
be
preserved
among
wicked
Men
who
are
always
restless
,
so
here
it
happened
:
For
the
Spirit
of
Division
falling
upon
this
unruly
Army
;
the
Italians
and
Germans
separated
themselves
from
the
French
,
whose
Humor
they
were
not
able
to
support
,
and
who
in
reality
treated
them
with
more
Arrogance
and
Contempt
,
and
as
our
own
Historians
affirm
,
in
terms
far
worse
than
I
relate
it
,
therefore
abandoning
Peter
the
Hermite
,
they
chose
for
their
Captain
one
Renaud
;
as
appeared
by
his
future
Conduct
,
one
of
the
loosest
and
most
Wicked
of
the
whole
Crew
.
He
being
imployed
in
the
mountainous
Country
near
Nice
,
took
there
first
a
small
Village
,
and
presently
after
seized
on
another
large
Town
,
which
he
found
forsaken
of
all
its
Inhabitants
,
but
replenished
with
abundance
of
all
sorts
of
Provisions
:
And
whilest
he
there
amused
himself
and
his
whole
Army
with
Feasting
and
Jollity
,
the
young
Soliman
Sultan
of
Nice
,
who
upon
the
Alarm
of
the
coming
of
the
Western
Christians
,
had
raised
a
formidable
Army
,
composed
of
the
most
valiant
Turks
of
all
Asia
,
came
to
Invest
him
;
the
better
part
of
his
Army
being
before
defeated
upon
Michaelmas
day
,
whilest
going
out
under
his
ill
Conduct
,
to
surprize
the
Sultan
by
an
Ambuscade
,
they
themselves
fell
into
an
Ambuscade
of
the
Turks
,
by
whom
they
were
surprized
.
After
this
the
Siege
was
of
no
long
continuance
,
for
the
Leud
and
Cowardly
Renaud
,
unable
to
indure
the
Extremity
of
Thirst
,
to
which
Soliman
had
reduced
the
Place
by
cutting
off
their
Water
,
pretending
to
go
out
upon
a
Parly
,
went
and
rendered
himself
with
his
Followers
to
the
Enemies
,
and
turned
Turk
;
after
which
the
others
were
forced
to
Surrender
themselves
upon
Discretion
:
And
that
which
is
the
most
deplorable
,
and
remarkable
piece
of
Divine
Vengeance
,
is
,
that
those
Persons
who
had
by
their
enormous
Crimes
,
rendred
themselves
unworthy
of
the
Grace
of
God
,
generally
imitating
their
wicked
Captain
,
renounced
their
Faith
to
save
their
Lives
;
There
were
divers
nevertheless
upon
whom
God
had
so
much
Compassion
,
who
abhorring
that
detestable
Apostacy
,
chose
to
obliterate
the
shame
of
their
former
wicked
Lives
,
by
a
glorious
Death
,
to
which
they
generously
offered
themselves
for
the
sake
of
Christ
Jesus
;
some
of
which
lost
their
Lives
by
divers
kinds
of
Torments
,
and
others
by
a
lingring
Martyrdom
,
changing
their
Freedom
into
a
most
cruel
Slavery
.
The
lot
of
the
French
,
from
whom
the
other
Nations
had
separated
themselves
,
was
not
much
more
Fortunate
;
they
were
Incamped
near
Helenopolis
and
Cybotus
,
which
our
Writers
call
Civitot
,
which
are
two
Villages
situate
in
the
Gulph
of
Nicomedia
,
and
nearest
to
the
City
of
Nice
,
from
whence
they
sent
out
great
Parties
to
destroy
the
Forrage
about
that
City
.
But
the
Disorders
among
them
were
still
as
great
,
or
greater
than
before
,
so
that
Peter
himself
unable
longer
to
indure
their
Insolence
,
abandoned
them
,
leaving
the
whole
Command
to
Gautier
,
and
retiring
to
Constantinople
under
pretence
of
procuring
Provision
for
the
Army
.
Soliman
who
was
a
great
Captain
,
and
kept
good
Intelligence
,
and
who
knew
how
to
use
his
Victory
,
resolved
now
to
attempt
a
second
,
by
attacking
these
People
who
had
neither
Discipline
,
Order
,
nor
Head
,
whom
therefore
he
purposed
to
surprize
in
their
Camp
.
But
by
a
strange
Adventure
it
happened
that
these
who
had
just
now
received
the
sad
News
of
the
Defeat
of
their
Companions
,
forced
their
Captains
,
contrary
to
their
Inclinations
,
to
draw
out
and
March
towards
Nice
,
with
a
Resolution
to
fall
unexpectedly
upon
Soliman
,
and
surprize
him
whilest
he
was
injoying
the
Pleasures
of
his
last
Victory
;
they
therefore
decamped
with
twenty
five
thousand
Men
,
divided
into
six
Batallions
under
so
many
Standards
,
and
with
about
five
hundred
Curiassiers
on
Horseback
:
There
lay
between
the
French
Camp
and
the
City
of
Nice
several
high
Mountains
covered
with
Woods
,
from
whence
there
is
a
Descent
into
a
fair
Plain
,
where
this
great
Town
is
situated
.
As
the
French
passed
these
Mountains
and
Forrests
in
Disorder
,
according
to
their
Custome
,
making
a
mighty
Noise
,
Soliman
who
was
advanced
so
far
on
his
way
from
Nice
,
with
a
design
to
attack
them
,
little
imagining
they
were
coming
to
meet
him
,
being
thereof
informed
by
his
Scouts
,
who
without
being
discovered
by
the
French
,
gave
him
this
Advertisement
;
he
immediately
retreated
into
the
Plain
,
where
he
drew
up
his
Army
in
Battalia
.
The
French
who
were
strangely
disappointed
to
find
those
so
near
them
,
and
in
so
good
Order
,
whom
they
thought
to
have
surprized
,
nevertheless
stood
not
to
consider
whether
they
should
fight
or
not
,
but
gave
a
furious
Charge
with
two
of
their
Batallions
and
their
little
body
of
Cavalry
,
upon
the
main
Body
of
the
Turks
;
but
they
who
were
far
more
in
number
than
the
French
,
extending
their
Wings
to
the
right
and
left
,
encompassed
them
,
and
cutting
off
the
Reserves
which
were
to
follow
,
they
poured
in
a
shower
of
Arrows
from
all
parts
upon
them
,
and
charged
them
with
so
much
Fury
,
that
not
being
able
to
rally
,
they
were
in
conclusion
cut
all
in
pieces
.
The
brave
Gautier
Hievelittle
who
combated
that
day
like
a
man
,
who
since
he
could
not
hope
to
conquer
,
was
resolved
to
fall
nobly
,
being
shot
through
with
seven
Arrows
dyed
;
Renaud
of
Breis
and
Foucher
of
Orleans
also
perished
with
all
the
Cavalry
,
selling
their
lives
to
the
Infidels
at
an
excessive
rate
:
Gautier
of
Breteuil
and
Godfrey
Burel
Colonel
of
Foot
,
who
was
the
Person
that
contrary
to
the
Opinion
of
the
wiser
Captains
drew
the
Army
into
this
misfortune
,
saved
themselves
among
the
Rocks
and
Bushes
,
retiring
to
those
who
were
not
yet
drawn
out
from
the
Woods
,
but
they
seeing
all
lost
dreamt
of
nothing
but
how
to
save
themselves
.
But
the
Turks
who
followed
them
close
at
the
Heels
,
pursued
them
with
so
much
heat
that
they
entred
their
Camp
with
the
Fugitives
,
where
they
made
a
most
horrible
slaughter
among
the
Women
,
Children
,
Sick
People
,
Old
Men
,
Priests
and
Monks
which
were
lest
there
with
a
very
slender
Guard
of
Soldiers
,
and
were
generally
either
asleep
,
or
,
which
was
worse
,
making
debauches
:
those
who
were
able
to
save
themselves
from
such
a
wosul
Massacre
,
retired
some
of
them
into
the
Mountains
where
they
miscrably
perished
;
others
to
Civitot
,
where
the
Town
being
presently
after
taken
by
the
Turks
they
were
all
made
slaves
.
Insomuch
that
of
this
innumerable
Multitude
of
Crusades
of
so
many
different
Nations
which
Peter
had
led
as
far
as
the
Bosphorus
,
there
did
not
remain
above
three
thousand
men
,
who
saved
themselves
in
a
little
Ruinous
Village
upon
the
Propontis
,
which
they
defended
for
several
days
by
meer
desperation
,
and
from
whence
they
were
at
length
drawn
off
and
brought
to
Constantinople
by
the
Emperors
Fleet
,
disarmed
and
almost
naked
,
the
Emperour
being
scarce
able
to
dissemble
his
malicious
joy
for
this
defeat
of
the
Christians
.
This
was
the
Event
of
the
Expedition
of
the
Hermit
,
who
after
he
had
done
such
notable
things
when
he
acted
in
his
own
Sphere
as
a
Hermit
,
a
Priest
,
and
a
Preacher
of
the
Cross
to
excite-men
to
this
Holy
War
,
came
off
so
poorly
,
when
he
acted
contrary
to
his
Profession
,
and
exchanged
his
Pilgrims
Staff
for
a
Sword
,
appearing
at
the
head
of
an
Army
with
a
Helmet
upon
his
gray
head
,
and
under
that
the
Monks
Cowl
,
which
did
so
ill
accord
with
the
Equipage
and
the
Quality
of
a
General
.
This
may
inform
us
in
a
Lesson
which
cannot
be
too
often
repeated
,
That
as
the
natural
frame
of
the
Universe
is
conserved
by
the
Different
actions
of
the
Elements
,
which
whilst
they
act
in
their
proper
places
produces
the
most
admirable
Concord
,
but
ruin
and
confound
all
when
once
they
depart
from
those
regular
Movements
;
so
neither
can
the
civil
World
subsist
longer
than
whilest
the
different
functions
of
men
retain
a
conformity
suitable
to
their
Condition
,
and
that
generally
all
is
spoiled
when
these
are
confounded
.
But
the
unfortunate
beginning
of
this
Holy
War
,
was
but
only
a
kind
discharge
of
those
corrupted
Humors
,
which
otherwise
might
have
indangered
the
sounder
Body
of
the
whole
Christian
Army
;
and
which
enabled
it
to
act
after
a
far
different
manner
,
than
it
could
possibly
have
done
with
the
Conjunction
of
those
irregular
People
.
For
in
the
same
time
whilest
these
matters
passed
in
this
manner
in
Asia
in
the
Months
of
August
,
September
and
October
,
Godfrey
of
Bullen
began
his
,
March
the
fifteenth
day
of
August
with
a
puissant
Army
of
ten
thousand
Horse
,
and
seventy
thousand
foot
,
well
appointed
,
and
for
the
most
part
chosen
out
of
the
Noble
Families
of
France
,
year
1196
rain
and
Germany
,
who
seemed
transported
with
joy
to
sight
under
the
Conduct
of
such
a
noble
General
.
He
had
also
in
his
Company
his
Brother
Baldwin
,
and
among
other
Princes
and
Lords
of
the
first
Quality
Baldwin
de
Bourg
his
Cousin
Earl
of
Retel
,
the
Counts
Hugh
de
St.
Paul
,
with
his
Son
Engelram
,
Renald
de
Toul
with
Peter
his
Brother
,
Baldwin
de
Mons
Cousin
to
the
Earl
of
Flanders
,
Garnier
de
Grezi
Kinsman
to
Duke
Godfrey
,
Conon
de
Mountaigu
,
Dudon
de
Conty
,
Henry
and
Godfrey
de
Hasche
;
all
which
were
sollowed
by
the
Choicest
Gentlemen
and
the
brave
Spirits
of
their
Estates
.
When
this
Army
was
arrived
in
Austria
in
the
Month
of
September
,
it
was
obliged
to
halt
upon
the
Frontier
of
Hungary
,
to
treat
with
King
Carloman
concerning
their
passage
:
For
in
Truth
he
had
sufficient
reason
to
be
distrustful
of
this
Army
of
the
Crusades
,
after
the
horrible
injuries
which
he
had
received
from
those
of
Peter
,
Godescalc
and
Emico
.
The
Treaty
was
however
quickly
concluded
by
the
open
and
plain
dealing
between
the
King
and
the
Duke
,
who
had
an
Interview
upon
a
certain
Bridge
.
The
King
demanded
as
Hostages
Prince
Baldwin
and
the
Princess
his
Lady
;
and
coasting
all
along
with
the
Army
of
Godfrey
,
ordered
the
Magazines
to
furnish
them
with
Provisions
at
a
reasonable
price
,
till
such
time
as
the
greatest
part
of
the
Troops
were
passed
over
the
Savus
,
where
he
returned
the
Hostages
with
a
thousand
Protestations
of
Amity
to
the
Duke
,
whose
Conduct
and
Fidelity
he
had
in
extraordinary
admiration
.
With
the
same
order
Godfrey
caused
his
Army
to
pass
over
the
vast
Countries
of
Bulgaria
and
the
Territories
of
the
Greek
Emperour
,
according
as
he
had
promised
his
Embassadors
who
were
sent
to
him
by
Alexis
,
whilest
he
was
upon
his
March
,
until
at
length
he
arrived
at
Philipopolis
in
Thracia
,
where
he
received
Intelligence
of
the
detention
of
Hugh
the
Great
.
This
young
Prince
who
was
Brother
to
Philip
the
first
King
of
France
,
had
not
,
to
speak
Truth
,
either
so
much
Experience
,
or
so
much
Ability
as
the
other
Princes
of
the
Crusade
who
were
possessed
of
very
fair
Estates
;
but
however
he
was
a
person
admirably
well
composed
,
full
of
Honour
Vertue
and
Goodness
,
extream
Brave
,
and
of
an
Humour
sweet
and
indearing
:
the
advantage
which
he
had
by
his
Illustrious
Birth
,
above
the
rest
gave
him
a
title
to
a
greater
Respect
,
and
he
was
therefore
treated
with
so
much
Honour
and
Duty
by
all
,
that
though
diverse
others
had
in
reality
a
greater
Command
and
Interest
in
the
Army
,
yet
nevertheless
his
Name
was
more
Celebrated
among
strangers
and
especially
the
Greeks
.
The
Princes
which
accompanied
him
in
this
Voyage
were
Robert
Duke
of
Normandy
Son
to
William
the
Conquerer
,
with
the
Noble
Troops
of
English
,
Normans
and
Brittains
;
Stephen
Earl
of
Chartres
and
Blois
,
whose
power
was
so
great
that
it
was
commonly
said
,
that
he
was
owner
of
more
Places
and
Castles
then
there
were
days
in
the
year
;
Prince
Eustace
of
Bullen
Brother
to
Duke
Godfrey
;
and
Robert
Earl
of
Flanders
,
who
following
the
example
of
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
sold
his
Estate
to
furnish
the
Charges
of
this
War
.
These
Princes
who
together
composed
a
most
puissant
and
numerous
Army
,
having
stated
their
measures
and
conferred
a
long
time
at
Paris
with
Hugh
the
great
in
the
presence
of
the
King
his
Brother
,
put
themselves
upon
their
Way
in
the
Month
of
September
,
and
having
traversed
France
and
Italy
and
received
the
Benediction
of
the
Pope
whom
they
found
at
Leuca
,
and
also
having
visited
Rome
and
the
Holy
Places
to
implore
the
Divine
Assistance
,
the
Winter
being
too
far
advanced
for
them
commodiously
to
pass
into
Epirus
,
they
were
obliged
to
distribute
their
Army
about
Bari
,
Brindes
and
Otranto
,
there
to
attend
the
coming
of
the
Spring
and
the
conveniency
of
imbarquing
their
Forces
.
But
Hugh
suffering
himself
to
be
transported
by
the
heat
of
his
Conrage
,
and
the
Impatience
natural
to
Young
Persons
,
and
above
all
others
,
those
of
the
French
Nation
,
was
not
able
to
support
this
delay
,
but
exposed
himself
too
rashly
to
the
Faith
of
the
Greeks
,
imbarking
at
Bari
to
pass
to
Duras
,
as
he
did
very
slenderly
accompanied
,
and
in
a
condition
in
no
sort
suitable
to
his
Quality
and
the
Majestick
Name
of
France
which
he
was
to
sustain
during
this
War
.
But
the
Governour
of
that
place
,
whether
it
were
that
he
had
secret
Orders
to
secure
such
of
the
Crusade
as
he
could
surprize
,
or
that
he
believed
he
should
do
his
Master
the
Emperor
a
considerable
Service
by
putting
into
his
hands
so
great
a
Prince
,
who
might
serve
for
a
Hostage
to
secure
him
against
the
Latins
;
immediately
upon
his
arrival
seized
him
,
and
sent
him
under
a
strong
Guard
through
By-ways
to
Constantinople
where
the
Emperor
detained
him
Prisoner
.
Godfrey
who
presently
after
this
adventure
arrived
at
Philipopolis
where
he
received
an
account
of
it
,
sent
immediately
to
the
Emperour
to
demand
the
Liberty
of
this
Prince
and
those
who
accompanied
him
,
and
in
the
mean
time
advanced
with
his
Army
as
far
as
Adrianople
.
But
perceiving
by
the
Answer
which
he
received
from
Alexis
what
he
was
to
Expect
,
he
acted
like
an
open
Enemy
,
and
for
eight
days
wasting
the
Country
all
along
as
he
went
he
marched
directly
to
Constantinople
,
where
he
raised
such
a
consternation
,
that
Alexis
sent
to
him
to
his
Camp
to
desire
a
Peace
,
making
him
all
the
Promises
of
receiving
a
just
satisfaction
.
In
short
,
Godfrey
still
advancing
encamped
two
days
before
Christmass
within
view
of
this
great
City
,
when
with
joy
he
received
Hugh
the
Great
to
whom
the
Emperor
had
now
given
his
Liberty
,
and
who
came
to
pay
his
thanks
to
his
Deliverer
and
Benefactor
,
accompanied
with
Drogon
de
Neele
,
Clerembaud
de
Vendeuïle
and
William
Viscount
of
Melun
commonly
called
the
Carpenter
,
either
because
he
was
so
notable
an
Artist
in
framing
of
Engines
of
War
,
or
that
according
to
the
mode
of
Expression
in
those
times
,
he
used
so
terribly
to
hack
and
hew
his
Enemies
,
that
neither
Cask
,
Shield
nor
Curiass
,
was
able
to
resist
the
Force
of
his
blows
.
But
this
Peace
by
reason
of
the
perfidiousness
of
Alexis
lasted
not
long
,
for
perceiving
that
after
he
had
given
orders
privately
to
prohibit
the
furnishing
them
with
provisions
,
the
Army
began
to
live
at
Discretion
,
he
had
recourse
to
Artifice
,
and
desired
Godfrey
to
take
up
his
Quarters
in
the
fair
Houses
,
Palaces
,
Hamblets
and
Villages
which
lay
all
along
the
Bosphorus
to
the
Euxine
Sea
,
pretending
the
Rigor
of
the
season
was
too
extream
to
permit
them
to
continue
in
their
Camp
,
but
the
truth
is
with
a
design
to
lock
up
this
great
Army
in
the
little
space
which
is
between
the
Strait
and
the
River
which
discharges
it self
into
the
Port
,
that
there
he
might
more
easily
destroy
them
.
He
had
also
a
design
to
surprize
the
Duke
,
inviting
him
to
come
to
the
Palace
to
confer
with
him
about
the
War
;
but
finding
that
the
Duke
would
not
be
decoyed
,
and
that
he
did
with
good
reason
distrust
him
,
he
endeavoured
again
to
famish
the
Army
,
prohibiting
the
furnishing
them
with
any
kind
of
provisions
;
he
also
attacked
them
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
for
he
commanded
out
his
Cavalry
against
those
who
were
sent
to
forrage
,
and
caused
many
Vessels
manned
with
Archers
to
fall
down
the
River
,
who
incessantly
discharged
upon
such
of
the
Soldiers
as
appeared
.
But
his
Enterprize
prospered
accordingly
,
for
Godfrey
with
ease
defeating
the
Greek
Cavalry
,
made
himself
Master
of
the
Bridge
of
Blakerness
,
in
despite
of
all
that
the
Emperors
People
endeavoured
to
do
to
oppose
him
,
and
having
without
danger
repassed
the
Main
of
his
Army
,
who
set
sire
at
their
parting
to
the
Houses
and
Palaces
where
they
had
lain
,
he
went
and
incamped
in
the
plain
of
Blakerness
.
In
the
night
he
was
attacked
by
all
the
Emperors
Forces
,
but
he
repulsed
them
immediately
,
and
drive
them
into
the
Town
though
with
little
loss
,
by
reason
that
they
made
more
hast
to
retire
than
they
had
done
to
assail
him
.
After
which
having
for
five
or
six
days
wasted
all
about
Constantinople
in
revenge
of
the
detestable
infidelity
of
the
Emperor
,
Alexis
was
compelled
to
desire
a
new
accommodation
:
He
voluntarily
offered
his
Son
John
Porphirogenitus
for
a
Hostage
to
oblige
the
Duke
to
come
to
his
Palace
,
there
to
confer
about
the
Articles
of
the
Treaty
.
Godfrey
who
desired
nothing
but
the
means
to
execute
his
principal
Design
,
and
to
pass
with
safety
into
Asia
,
accepted
the
condition
;
and
having
sent
his
Cousin
Baldwin
,
du
Bourg
and
Conon
Earl
of
Mountaigu
to
receive
the
Prince
,
he
made
the
Army
retreat
to
their
former
Port
upon
the
Bosphorus
,
where
leaving
Baldwin
to
command
them
,
he
with
Hugh
and
the
other
Princes
went
up
the
River
to
Constantinople
.
The
Emperor
received
them
there
with
much
magnificence
,
and
according
to
the
custom
observed
by
the
Greek
Emperors
,
as
a
sign
of
amity
and
intire
confidence
,
when
they
are
minded
to
do
a
singular
honor
to
any
Prince
,
he
would
needs
adopt
him
for
his
Son
.
After
which
the
Emperor
proposed
the
Conditions
of
the
Treaty
,
which
were
reduced
to
these
two
Articles
;
First
Alexis
promised
upon
his
Oath
to
aid
these
Princes
with
all
his
Power
both
by
Sea
and
by
Land
,
that
he
would
joyn
his
Forces
with
theirs
and
lead
them
in
his
own
Person
,
that
he
would
with
his
Fleet
continually
supply
the
Army
with
Provisions
,
and
do
no
sort
of
Injury
to
those
who
served
in
this
War
.
The
second
was
,
that
these
Princes
should
reciprocally
ingage
to
do
nothing
contrary
to
his
Interests
;
that
they
should
restore
to
him
such
places
of
Importance
as
they
should
recover
in
Asta
,
do
homage
for
others
,
and
take
an
Oath
of
fealty
to
him
as
his
Subjects
for
such
Lands
which
they
should
hold
of
the
Emperor
.
This
last
which
was
a
very
nice
point
was
a
long
time
contested
by
the
Princes
,
who
thought
it
would
be
very
dishonourable
to
them
to
declare
themselves
Vassals
of
the
Greek
Emperor
,
but
after
mature
consideration
,
that
without
stocking
the
Authority
of
their
own
Sovereigns
they
might
become
Feudaries
to
another
lefter
Prince
,
and
swear
fealty
to
him
for
such
lands
as
they
held
of
him
;
and
that
it
was
impossible
their
enterprize
should
succeed
well
if
they
should
have
the
Emperor
always
opposite
to
them
,
they
resolved
to
give
him
that
which
he
desired
,
and
to
give
him
their
Oaths
and
do
that
Homage
,
but
with
this
Limitation
,
That
they
should
be
no
longer
obliged
then
whilest
he
punctually
performed
his
Part
of
the
Agreement
.
After
which
the
Emperor
,
who
was
magnificent
even
to
Profusion
,
striving
to
purchase
a
Reputation
of
being
liberal
to
strangers
though
at
the
rates
of
Avarice
and
Cruelty
,
impoverishing
his
Subjects
by
unsupportable
Exactions
,
loaded
these
Princes
with
Honours
,
and
made
them
excessive
rich
Presents
.
And
for
the
subsistence
of
the
Dukes
Army
,
he
ordered
every
week
so
much
mony
as
he
desired
to
be
paid
him
,
which
nevertheless
he
was
afterards
obliged
to
return
by
the
way
of
Spain
:
For
this
Prince
who
was
most
sordidly
covetous
,
being
Master
of
all
the
Commodities
of
his
Empire
,
there
was
not
a
Merchant
but
who
was
a
kind
of
Custom-house
Officer
to
him
,
and
obliged
to
give
him
an
exact
account
of
whatever
was
either
imported
or
exported
throughout
his
Dominions
.
Miserable
is
the
condition
of
those
Subjects
who
live
under
such
Princes
who
will
allow
them
no
manner
of
Property
in
their
Goods
,
or
rather
,
most
unfortunate
are
those
Princes
who
in
reality
have
none
but
Slaves
and
Beggars
for
their
Subjects
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Emperor
who
was
informed
that
the
other
Princes
were
upon
their
March
with
puissant
Armies
,
desired
Duke
Godfrey
about
the
beginning
of
Lent
to
pass
with
his
Army
towards
Bithynia
and
to
encamp
near
Calcedon
,
alledging
that
he
could
no
longer
sind
subsistence
for
his
Troops
in
the
place
where
they
lay
;
but
this
was
in
reality
only
a
politick
stratagem
,
to
avoid
the
assembling
so
near
him
so
many
Guests
who
were
very
much
suspected
by
him
;
and
above
all
others
he
was
possessed
with
an
extream
apprehension
of
Bohemond
Prince
of
Tarentum
,
who
presently
after
Easter
arrived
with
the
choicest
Italians
and
Normans
,
who
had
made
themselves
Masters
of
the
extream
part
of
Italy
,
by
an
adventure
which
because
it
redounds
to
the
glory
of
our
Nation
,
I
shall
think
it
no
trouble
in
a
few
words
to
give
an
account
of
it
.
year
1002
About
some
seventy
four
years
before
this
time
fourty
Norman
Gentlemen
returning
from
a
Voyage
to
Jerusalem
where
they
had
visited
the
Holy
Places
,
arrived
by
Sea
at
Salernum
,
in
the
very
time
when
the
City
was
extreamly
pressed
by
the
Saracens
who
besieged
it
by
Land
.
These
Pilgrims
who
were
brave
men
,
tall
of
stature
,
and
of
a
good
Mind
,
had
a
great
desire
to
signalize
their
Zeal
upon
so
fair
an
occasion
;
having
therefore
easily
obtained
of
Gaimar
Prince
of
Salernum
Horses
and
Arms
,
and
the
liberty
which
they
desired
to
make
a
Sally
up
on
the
Enemies
,
they
issued
out
to
so
good
purpose
,
and
fought
with
so
much
Conduct
and
bravery
in
the
view
of
the
whole
Town
which
ran
to
the
Walls
to
behold
them
,
that
having
filled
the
whole
Camp
of
the
Saracens
with
confusion
,
blood
and
slaughter
,
and
burnt
their
Engines
of
War
,
they
obliged
them
to
raise
their
Siege
by
one
of
the
most
memorable
actions
that
is
extant
upon
historical
Record
,
Gaimar
did
what
possibly
he
could
to
stay
these
brave
men
with
him
,
and
offered
them
most
magnificent
recompences
for
the
Service
they
had
done
;
but
they
generously
refusing
assured
him
they
expected
nothing
but
the
Reward
of
God
Almighty
for
whose
Glory
they
had
combated
against
his
Enemies
of
his
Holy
Name
;
and
that
having
performed
their
Vows
,
they
were
under
undispensible
obligations
of
returning
into
their
own
Country
.
However
this
Prince
willing
by
some
way
or
other
,
to
draw
to
himself
some
of
so
valiant
and
generous
a
Nation
,
requested
them
to
take
along
with
them
his
Ambassadours
,
which
being
agreed
,
the
Ambassadors
carried
with
them
some
of
the
most
delicious
Fruits
of
Champain
,
Italy
,
Pavia
and
Calabria
,
and
particularly
Citrons
,
Lemons
and
Oranges
,
which
the
Ancients
called
Golden
Apples
,
none
of
which
grew
in
Normandy
.
They
managed
their
affairs
there
with
so
much
dexterity
that
many
Gentlemen
allured
with
the
Pleasure
of
those
beautiful
Fruits
,
but
much
more
with
the
Fruits
of
Glory
,
which
they
hoped
to
gain
by
making
War
against
the
Saracens
,
followed
the
Ambassadors
.
These
Gentlemen
did
there
such
memorable
Actions
whilest
they
served
the
Italian
Princes
,
and
the
Emperor
St.
Henry
,
against
the
Infidels
,
and
against
the
Greeks
,
whose
Yoak
they
could
no
longer
bear
,
as
rendred
their
Names
most
Celebrated
throughout
all
Italy
;
but
being
of
an
Humor
not
to
forget
themselves
whilest
they
served
others
so
advantageously
,
they
took
occasion
to
be
their
own
Paymasters
,
by
making
themselves
Masters
of
certain
Places
in
Pavia
,
where
they
afterwards
became
very
Powerful
by
the
Accession
of
divers
of
their
Countrymen
who
flocked
thither
to
them
,
upon
the
Incouragement
of
their
good
Fortune
and
Renown
.
The
most
considerable
of
these
was
a
Person
of
Quality
,
one
Tancred
Lord
of
Hauteville
,
who
of
twelve
Sons
which
he
had
,
not
at
all
inferior
to
their
Father
in
Courage
,
sent
eleven
of
them
into
Italy
.
They
were
so
fortunate
,
that
in
a
little
time
a
fair
Occasion
presented
itself
to
them
,
to
establish
their
Dominion
in
Italy
:
For
Baldwin
Lieutenant
to
the
Greek
Governor
,
being
ill
treated
by
him
,
craving
Aid
of
these
Normans
,
broak
out
into
Terms
of
Defiance
with
him
.
These
Eleven
Brothers
,
the
most
renowned
of
their
Nation
,
and
to
whom
all
the
rest
yeilded
Obedience
,
carried
themselves
with
such
Conduct
and
admirable
good
Fortune
,
that
after
having
intirely
defeated
the
Greeks
in
three
Battles
,
they
chaced
them
out
of
almost
all
their
Dependancies
in
Italy
,
dividing
the
Conquests
among
themselves
.
But
still
they
acknowledged
for
their
Captain
and
Chief
,
the
eldest
Brother
William
,
Surnamed
for
his
Valour
Iron-Arme
,
who
was
the
first
Earl
of
Pavia
;
his
two
next
Brothers
Drogon
and
Humphry
succeeded
him
,
and
after
them
the
Third
,
which
was
the
famous
Robert
Guischard
.
This
Prince
who
certainly
was
one
of
the
greatest
Men
of
his
Age
,
not
contented
with
Pavia
,
by
the
force
of
his
Arms
,
extended
his
Dominion
into
Calabria
,
and
Conquered
the
greatest
part
of
that
Country
,
which
is
now
called
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
and
took
upon
himself
the
Title
of
Duke
of
Pavia
and
Calabria
,
for
which
he
did
Homage
to
Pope
Nicholas
the
Second
,
restoring
to
him
such
Lands
as
had
been
usurped
from
the
Church
.
He
had
afterwards
great
Differences
with
Gregory
the
Seventh
,
who
Excommunicated
him
;
but
in
the
end
being
Reconciled
,
he
received
Absolution
,
and
became
his
great
Protector
;
and
at
the
earnest
intreaty
of
that
Pope
,
it
was
,
that
he
with
his
Son
Bohemond
passed
the
Sea
to
make
War
with
Alexis
Commenius
,
the
Usurper
of
the
Imperial
Throne
,
out
of
which
his
Predecessor
Nicephorus
Botaniatos
had
expelled
the
Emperor
Michel
Parapinacius
,
who
was
come
to
Rome
to
Implore
the
Succor
of
the
Pope
and
the
Normans
.
There
can
be
nothing
more
Glorious
than
that
which
upon
this
Occasion
was
performed
by
this
admirable
Prince
;
for
he
over-ran
all
Greece
,
and
with
no
more
than
fifteen
thousand
Men
,
defeated
Alexis
in
a
set
Battle
,
who
Encountred
him
upon
the
Frontier
of
Thrace
with
an
Army
of
one
hundred
and
seventy
thousand
Combatants
.
Then
leaving
Bohemond
in
Thrace
,
who
successfully
pusht
on
the
War
,
often
beating
Alexis
,
as
the
Princess
Ann
his
Sister
Confesses
,
he
hasted
to
the
Succor
of
the
Pope
,
who
was
closely
Besieged
by
the
Imperialists
and
Romans
in
the
Castle
of
St.
Angelo
;
he
constrained
Henry
the
Emperor
to
depart
from
Italy
;
Retook
Rome
from
the
Schismaticks
;
conducted
the
Pope
to
Salernum
;
returned
to
the
East
;
in
his
Passage
defeated
the
Fleet
of
Alexis
;
and
having
Rejoyned
with
Bohemond
,
not
long
after
he
died
full
of
Glory
,
leaving
his
Estate
to
his
Son
Roger
,
who
after
an
unkind
and
unlucky
War
,
at
last
came
to
an
Agreement
with
his
Brother
Prince
Bohemond
,
giving
him
for
his
Share
the
Principality
of
Tarentum
.
year
1097
This
Prince
who
was
nothing
Inferior
to
his
Father
in
Skill
or
Courage
,
was
with
his
Uncle
Roger
Earl
of
Sicily
at
the
Siege
of
Amalphi
,
when
the
French
Princes
passed
through
Italy
for
the
Levant
;
So
soon
as
he
understood
the
Subject
of
their
Voyage
,
he
declared
publickly
that
he
would
be
one
with
them
;
either
out
of
his
great
Zeal
for
the
Glory
of
God
,
or
that
he
believed
this
might
afford
a
fair
Opportunity
for
him
to
Recommence
the
War
with
Alexis
,
and
by
Possessing
some
part
of
the
Empire
,
establish
himself
in
the
East
;
for
he
sent
some
of
his
People
immediately
to
Duke
Godfrey
to
obstruct
the
Peace
between
him
and
Alexis
:
Be
it
as
it
will
,
for
it
is
no
part
of
my
Province
to
enter
into
Mens
Intentions
,
after
the
spiteful
manner
of
most
People
,
and
above
all
others
,
Historians
,
who
to
make
themselves
thought
Able
and
Understanding
,
too
frequently
fall
into
this
piece
of
Malice
:
It
is
most
undoubted
that
Bohemond
shewed
such
a
mighty
Ardor
for
this
Holy
Expedition
,
that
having
in
the
Field
torn
a
silken
Cloak
which
he
wore
,
into
Crosses
,
he
took
the
first
himself
,
and
afterwards
presented
the
rest
to
the
principal
Officers
of
his
Army
,
which
were
received
with
such
an
universal
Applause
,
that
all
the
Souldiers
protested
they
would
follow
him
,
insomuch
that
passing
quite
through
the
quarter
of
Bohemond
,
Earl
Roger
was
in
a
manner
wholy
deserted
and
forced
to
retire
.
Bohemond
overjoyed
at
this
Adventure
,
applied
himself
with
incredible
Diligence
to
make
Preparation
for
this
Enterprize
,
and
in
a
short
time
passed
the
Sea
after
Hugh
the
Great
,
but
with
another
manner
of
Equipage
than
that
Prince
had
done
;
for
he
had
in
his
Army
ten
thousand
Horse
,
and
above
so
many
Foot
,
together
with
the
greatest
part
of
the
Gentry
of
Sicily
,
Calabria
,
and
Pavia
,
and
the
Princes
and
Norman
Lords
,
the
principal
whereof
were
the
brave
Tancred
his
Nephew
,
his
Sisters
Son
;
the
Earls
Richard
and
Ranulph
his
Cousins
,
the
Sons
of
William
Iron-Arme
his
Uncle
,
Richard
the
Son
of
Earle
Ranulph
,
Herman
de
Canni
,
Humphrey
the
Son
of
Raould
,
and
Robert
de
Sourdevall
.
The
Army
passed
through
Epirus
and
Macedon
,
where
the
Greek
Imperialists
who
had
their
Winter
Quarters
there
,
drawing
together
attended
their
Motions
,
intending
,
if
possible
,
to
surprize
them
;
and
at
a
certain
Pass
upon
a
River
,
when
one
half
of
the
Army
was
marched
over
they
fell
in
upon
the
Rere
;
But
Tancred
immediately
Repassing
,
followed
by
two
thousand
Horse
,
charged
them
so
home
,
that
having
cut
the
forwardest
of
them
in
pieces
,
the
rest
consulted
their
Safety
with
their
Heels
:
He
took
also
many
Prisoners
,
whom
he
sent
to
Bohemond
,
who
reproaching
them
for
this
unworthy
Action
,
they
assured
him
that
what
they
had
done
,
was
by
particular
Order
from
the
Emperor
,
notwithstanding
,
that
that
perfidious
Prince
had
wrote
Letters
full
of
Complements
and
Civility
to
Bohemond
,
by
that
Artifice
,
it
seems
,
thinking
to
amuse
him
and
make
him
less
Careful
or
Suspicious
.
However
this
Blow
so
astonished
Alexis
,
that
to
avoid
a
greater
he
sent
an
Excuse
to
Bohemond
,
and
commanded
his
Officers
to
furnish
his
Army
with
Provisions
;
he
also
requested
Duke
Godfrey
with
the
principal
Lords
of
his
Army
,
to
meet
this
Prince
and
mediate
a
Reconciliation
;
and
the
Duke
knew
so
well
how
to
soften
that
great
Spirit
,
that
notwithstanding
all
the
reason
he
had
for
his
Distrusts
,
he
brought
him
along
with
him
to
pay
his
Duty
to
the
Emperor
,
and
to
take
the
same
Oath
with
the
rest
of
the
Princes
,
which
he
did
with
the
same
Intention
,
lest
it
should
procrastinate
that
great
Design
for
which
they
had
taken
Arms.
The
Emperor
received
him
with
all
the
Marks
of
Esteem
and
Kindness
,
and
believing
he
knew
his
blind
side
,
which
he
thought
was
Ambition
,
he
promised
him
that
Conditionally
that
he
would
take
the
Oath
which
was
required
of
him
,
he
would
establish
this
Prince
in
the
greatest
part
of
those
Provinces
which
lye
between
Constantinople
and
Antioch
,
which
he
thought
was
an
irresistable
Argument
to
work
upon
his
Temper
.
But
Tancred
,
whether
it
were
that
he
had
secret
Orders
from
Bohemond
,
or
that
he
could
not
dispose
himself
to
Digest
an
Oath
which
he
did
not
approve
,
drew
his
Troops
to
this
side
of
the
Strait
,
without
seeing
the
Emperor
at
all
,
who
was
forced
to
dissemble
this
Affront
which
was
put
upon
him
.
The
Earl
of
Flanders
,
who
came
up
a
few
Days
after
,
went
to
wait
upon
the
Emperor
with
a
slender
Retinue
,
and
without
Difficulty
took
the
same
Oath
,
as
the
others
had
done
.
After
which
these
Forces
also
passed
the
Bosphorus
to
encamp
near
Calcedon
with
the
rest
.
But
the
Arival
of
Count
Raymond
brought
such
new
Difficulties
,
as
were
not
without
great
Trouble
to
be
Surmounted
.
This
Lord
had
taken
the
Cross
the
first
of
all
others
,
at
that
same
time
when
the
Greek
Ambassadors
came
to
Pope
Vrban
after
his
departure
from
Clermont
;
and
his
Example
was
so
prevalent
that
he
was
followed
by
above
one
hundred
thousand
Men
out
of
Avergne
,
Gascoine
,
Languedoc
,
and
Provence
,
who
put
themselves
under
his
Conduct
.
He
was
a
Prince
of
a
majestick
Aspect
,
and
being
somewhat
advanced
in
Years
,
his
gray
Hairs
rendered
him
still
more
Venerable
,
but
he
was
only
so
old
as
to
have
his
Experience
increased
and
his
Judgment
more
strong
,
without
any
diminution
to
the
strength
of
his
Body
,
which
was
every
way
Robust
and
capable
of
induring
all
the
Fatigues
of
War
:
He
had
acquired
a
very
noble
Reputation
,
especially
in
Spain
,
in
the
Wars
against
the
Moors
for
Alphonsus
the
great
,
King
of
Castile
,
who
gave
him
his
Daughter
Elvira
in
Marriage
,
as
a
Recompence
of
his
Valor
,
the
glorious
Marks
whereof
he
carried
in
his
Face
,
having
lost
one
of
his
Eyes
by
the
shot
of
an
Arrow
;
which
was
so
far
from
being
a
Blemish
,
that
together
with
his
goodly
Presence
,
it
inhanced
his
Esteem
and
Reputation
among
the
Soldiers
,
who
had
him
in
mighty
Veneration
.
He
possessed
moreover
all
the
good
Qualities
which
were
requisite
to
render
him
a
great
Prince
and
an
honest
Man
;
above
all
things
a
lover
of
Honor
,
Justice
,
and
Integrity
;
an
inviolable
Master
of
his
Word
,
Vigilant
,
Wise
,
and
of
a
great
Foresight
;
Magnificent
,
Prudent
in
his
Counsels
,
firm
and
unalterable
in
his
Resolutions
:
But
after
all
this
it
must
be
acknowledged
,
that
notwithstanding
his
Age
and
all
his
Prudence
,
he
retained
too
much
of
the
Genius
and
the
Temper
of
his
Country
;
for
he
was
a
mighty
Opiniatre
,
and
not
able
to
bear
Injuries
,
or
to
suffer
his
own
Sentiments
or
his
Will
to
be
Opposed
.
The
Countess
his
Lady
,
who
had
the
Heart
of
a
Heroine
,
generously
followed
her
Husband
in
this
Voyage
,
as
did
also
his
Son
Bertrand
,
whom
he
was
resolved
to
educate
in
this
fair
School
of
Virtue
,
both
by
his
Instructions
and
his
Example
.
Many
great
Persons
accompanied
him
,
of
whom
the
principal
were
Aimar
Bishop
of
Pavia
the
Popes
Legate
,
William
Bishop
of
Orange
,
Currard
Earl
of
Rousillon
,
William
Earl
of
Montpellier
,
Gaston
de
Bearn
,
William
de
Forrest
,
Raiband
of
Orange
,
Raimond
the
first
Viscount
of
Turenne
,
and
several
Spanish
Lords
,
together
with
Bernard
Archbishop
of
Toledo
,
and
all
the
brave
Lords
and
Gentlemen
of
Avergn
,
Gascony
,
Languedoc
,
and
Provence
.
This
brave
Earl
having
passed
the
Alpes
,
and
taken
his
way
by
Lombardy
and
Friul
,
Marched
quite
through
Dalmatia
,
being
forced
continually
to
stand
upon
his
Guard
to
defend
himself
from
the
ancient
Sclavonians
,
a
Barbaroas
People
who
then
Inhabited
that
Country
,
and
who
never
failed
upon
any
Advantage
to
assail
him
,
and
lay
Ambuscades
for
him
all
the
Way
till
he
came
to
Duras
;
from
thence
he
entred
into
Epirus
,
and
traversed
all
Macedon
and
Thracia
,
till
he
came
to
a
Town
upon
the
Hellespont
,
within
four
days
March
of
Constantinople
,
having
been
forced
to
sight
his
Passage
all
the
way
against
the
Greeks
and
Bulgarians
,
which
the
perfidious
Alexis
,
contrary
to
all
his
fair
Protestations
of
Friendship
,
had
caused
to
arm
against
him
.
However
for
the
present
he
dissembled
the
Injury
,
and
tho
not
without
a
great
deal
of
Repugnance
,
leaving
his
Army
Encamped
near
that
City
,
he
advanced
with
a
small
Train
to
Constantinople
,
there
to
treat
with
the
Emperor
,
according
to
the
earnest
Desires
of
the
Princes
who
had
already
passed
the
Strait
,
who
now
desired
nothing
more
than
to
come
to
a
Conjunction
of
their
Forces
,
in
order
to
their
entring
upon
Action
.
The
Emperor
after
a
magnificent
Reception
,
pressed
him
also
to
the
point
of
Homage
,
as
the
other
Princes
had
agreed
:
The
Earl
smartly
replied
,
That
he
would
never
do
it
,
and
that
he
was
not
come
so
far
as
the
Levant
to
find
a
Master
,
nor
did
he
intend
to
become
a
Vassal
to
any
other
besides
Christ
Jesus
:
But
that
nevertheless
,
if
his
Imperial
Majesty
would
joyn
his
Forces
with
theirs
,
and
put
himself
at
the
Head
of
the
Army
,
he
would
without
trouble
acknowledg
him
for
his
General
,
and
in
that
Quality
oney
him
as
well
as
any
of
the
rest
.
Alexis
netled
at
this
Denial
,
however
stilled
his
ill
Humor
,
and
amuling
the
Earl
with
a
pretence
of
treating
with
him
further
concerning
the
Common
Interests
,
the
Imperial
Troops
who
were
Quartered
in
Thracia
,
receiving
secret
Orders
to
that
purpose
,
sell
unexpectedly
in
the
Night
upon
his
Camp
,
who
believing
themselves
in
great
Security
in
the
Country
of
their
Friends
,
kept
no
manner
of
strict
Guard
;
this
Surprise
brought
a
strange
Confusion
upon
the
Camp
,
and
many
Soldiers
were
killed
before
they
could
be
awakned
;
but
after
a
little
time
these
cowardly
Assailants
were
repulsed
with
a
very
great
Slaughter
:
The
Disorder
however
was
never
the
less
,
for
the
Souldiers
who
before
had
suffered
so
much
in
their
march
,
began
to
mutiny
,
and
believing
that
they
were
betrayed
by
their
Officers
who
had
brought
them
thither
to
be
butchered
,
nothing
would
satisfie
them
but
to
return
into
their
own
Country
.
But
the
Earl
who
could
by
no
means
endure
to
think
of
retreating
,
appeased
them
by
changing
their
dispair
into
a
desire
of
Revenge
,
he
therefore
sent
openly
to
reproach
the
Emperor
with
this
infamous
treachery
,
and
to
sollicit
the
rest
of
the
Princes
to
joyn
with
him
,
and
at
once
to
deliver
themselves
from
this
persidious
Greek
by
razing
his
Imperial
Throne
.
But
the
Princes
,
at
the
earnest
prayer
of
Alexis
who
absolutely
disavowed
the
action
,
and
offered
to
make
any
kind
of
satisfaction
to
the
Earl
,
made
such
powerful
Remonstrances
to
Raimond
,
that
in
conclusion
they
not
only
appeased
him
but
also
obliged
him
for
fear
of
losing
more
time
to
the
prejudice
of
their
great
design
,
to
take
the
Oath
which
was
desired
,
which
accordingly
he
did
,
but
in
these
terms
,
That
he
promised
to
enterprize
nothing
contrary
to
the
honor
or
the
life
of
Alexis
,
provided
that
Prince
should
inviolably
observe
all
that
he
had
promised
.
But
when
the
Homage
came
under
debate
he
constantly
protested
that
he
would
die
before
he
would
do
it
,
and
that
the
Emperor
and
the
Princes
ought
to
be
abundantly
satisfied
with
the
Oath
which
he
had
taken
.
From
whence
they
might
have
learned
that
the
same
Resolution
in
the
rest
might
have
proved
no
less
advantagious
to
them
,
then
their
politick
Condescension
,
for
assuredly
what
colour
soever
may
be
put
upon
this
Action
,
it
can
never
redound
much
to
their
Honour
in
the
History
of
their
lives
.
But
so
it
commonly
happens
,
that
it
is
the
Destiny
of
humane
Prudence
to
be
most
grosly
mistaken
when
for
its
security
it
makes
choice
of
Profitable
rather
than
Honest
.
This
dangerous
quarrel
being
in
this
manner
appeased
,
the
Princes
after
having
resolved
at
a
great
Council
of
War
immediately
to
besiege
the
City
of
Nice
,
repaired
to
Calcedon
whither
also
the
Army
of
Raimond
marched
up
to
joyn
with
the
rest
.
Raimond
himself
and
Prince
Bohemond
of
whom
the
jealous
Emperor
was
extreamly
suspicious
,
staying
still
at
Constantinople
to
solicite
Alexis
to
send
the
Provisions
for
the
Army
,
and
according
to
his
promise
to
go
and
take
upon
him
the
Command
of
the
Army
,
which
they
the
more
pressed
that
thereby
they
might
be
the
better
assured
of
him
;
but
he
still
excused
himself
from
the
apprehensions
which
he
had
of
the
Bulgarians
who
might
draw
dangerous
advantages
from
his
absence
.
Whereupon
Bohemond
and
the
Earl
presently
after
him
having
given
order
for
the
Provisions
,
passed
the
strait
and
followed
the
rest
of
the
Princes
towards
Nice
;
and
in
the
mean
time
Robert
Duke
of
Normandy
,
Stephen
Earl
of
Blois
,
and
Prince
Eustace
who
were
yet
expected
with
impatience
,
after
having
passed
the
Winte
and
Lent
in
Pavia
and
Calabria
,
Embarquing
after
Easter
the
fifteenth
of
April
,
towards
the
latter
end
of
May
,
came
up
with
the
Christian
Army
and
encamped
near
that
City
.
year
1097
This
Robert
Duke
of
Normandy
was
the
Son
of
that
famous
William
who
effaced
the
first
infamous
Surname
of
the
Bastard
by
that
of
the
Conqueror
,
which
he
acquired
by
his
Merits
in
the
Conquests
of
the
Kingdom
of
England
.
This
Prince
was
low
of
Stature
but
of
a
lofty
Mind
and
a
large
heart
,
valiant
and
fearless
upon
occasion
of
honourable
engagements
,
of
great
sincerity
and
integrity
,
magnificent
in
his
Expences
,
and
liberal
even
to
prodigality
;
but
withal
he
was
extream
voluptuous
,
and
naturally
averse
to
trouble
and
business
,
a
Lover
of
disorderly
pleasures
,
and
especially
of
eating
and
drinking
very
plentifully
which
made
him
something
Corpulent
and
unwieldy
;
and
by
these
irregularities
he
lost
the
Realm
of
England
in
which
his
younger
Brother
established
himself
,
whilest
he
instead
of
making
Preparation
for
War
,
diverted
himself
,
with
making
provision
only
for
his
pleasures
:
and
this
also
lost
him
the
love
of
the
Normans
,
whom
he
oppressed
with
excessive
Impositions
and
exactions
,
to
furnish
himself
wherewithal
to
support
his
Luxury
.
However
he
recovered
that
Dutchy
,
and
resolving
in
some
measure
to
imitate
the
Piety
of
his
Grandfather
Robert
the
eighth
Duke
of
Normandy
,
who
by
an
uncommon
Devotion
for
so
great
a
Prince
went
on
Pilgrimage
barefooted
to
Jerusalem
,
he
was
one
of
the
first
in
taking
upon
him
the
Cross
,
thereby
to
atone
God
Almighty
for
the
viciousness
of
his
former
life
:
he
therefore
generously
engaged
his
Dutchy
to
his
two
Brothers
for
fifteen
thousand
Marks
in
silver
to
enable
him
to
undertake
this
Voyage
wherein
he
suffered
much
in
a
toilsome
march
,
and
performed
more
when
once
he
came
to
enter
into
the
War
.
All
matters
having
thus
passed
at
Constantinople
between
the
Emperor
and
the
Princes
,
there
remained
only
Earl
Stephen
and
Prince
Eustace
,
who
with
the
Earl
of
Tholose
were
still
to
perform
what
the
rest
of
the
Princes
had
already
done
,
they
therefore
repaired
to
Constantinople
to
pay
their
Homage
to
the
Emperor
who
received
them
with
all
manner
of
honour
,
sparing
,
no
charges
in
treating
them
most
Royally
,
and
in
making
them
Presents
,
which
in
beauty
,
richness
and
magnificence
surpassed
all
that
he
had
bestowed
upon
the
other
Princes
.
After
which
this
perfidious
man
under
pretence
of
furnishing
them
with
an
able
Conductor
and
some
Troops
of
his
own
,
promising
that
so
soon
as
his
affairs
would
permit
,
he
would
follow
them
in
Person
with
all
his
Forces
,
gave
them
one
Tatin
a
wicked
fellow
of
his
Court
,
whose
nose
having
been
cut
off
carried
in
his
Face
the
ugly
Witness
of
his
horrid
Crimes
.
It
was
to
this
infamous
wretch
that
he
trusted
the
great
secret
of
his
intended
treachery
against
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
.
He
it
was
who
was
to
give
him
an
exact
account
of
all
occurrences
,
and
upon
occasion
to
put
his
orders
in
Execution
for
their
Ruin
;
whilest
the
poor
Princes
who
thought
they
had
reason
to
be
extremely
well
satisfied
with
his
proceedings
passed
the
Bosphorus
,
and
by
great
marches
rejoyned
the
Gross
of
the
Army
which
had
now
begun
the
Siege
of
Nice
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
CRUSADE
,
OR
,
The
Expeditions
of
the
Christian
Princes
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
.
BOOK
II.
The
CONTENTS
of
the
Second
Book
.
The
Description
of
the
City
of
Nice
in
Blthynia
,
and
the
Siege
thereof
by
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
.
The
second
and
third
Battle
of
Nice
,
where
the
young
Solyman
was
beaten
.
The
taking
of
that
City
,
and
the
Treachery
of
the
Greek
Emperor
.
The
March
of
the
Christian
Army
.
One
part
thereof
surprised
by
Soliman
.
The
Battle
of
the
Gorgonian
Valley
.
The
Progress
of
the
Christian
Army
in
the
lesser
Asia
.
The
great
danger
of
Duke
Godfrey
and
his
Combat
with
a
monstrous
Bear
.
The
difference
and
little
Civil
Dissention
between
Baldwin
and
Tancred
.
Baldwin
makes
himself
Master
of
the
Principality
of
Edessa
.
The
Entrance
of
the
Christian
Army
into
Syria
.
The
Description
of
the
famous
City
of
Antioch
.
It
is
besieged
by
the
Princes
.
The
Relation
of
this
famous
Siege
.
The
Combat
at
the
Bridge
of
Antioch
.
The
marvellous
Actions
of
Duke
Godfrey
.
The
Approach
of
Corbagath
with
a
prodigious
Army
to
relieve
the
City
.
The
Relation
of
the
taking
of
Antioch
by
Bohemond
by
Intelligence
in
the
City
with
one
Pyrrhus
.
The
Christian
Army
at
the
same
time
besieged
by
Corbagath
.
A
Relation
of
the
discovery
of
the
top
of
a
Spear
,
which
was
believed
to
be
that
which
pierced
our
Saviours
side
.
The
memorable
Battle
of
Antioch
,
where
the
whole
power
of
the
Turks
and
Sarasens
in
Asia
was
defeated
by
the
Christians
.
The
death
of
Aymar
de
Monteil
Bishop
of
Pavia
.
The
quarrel
between
Count
Raymond
and
the
Prince
of
Tarrentum
.
The
taking
of
Marra
.
A
strange
Relation
of
the
gratitude
of
a
Lyon
.
The
Siege
of
Arcas
.
The
odd
Story
of
Anselme
de
Ribemond
Earl
of
Bouchain
,
and
the
deceased
Engelram
Son
to
the
Earl
of
St.
Paul
.
The
taking
of
Torlosa
by
a
stratagem
by
the
Vicount
de
Turenne
.
The
Sultan
of
Aegypt
takes
Jerusalem
from
the
Turks
,
breaks
his
League
with
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
.
The
Ambassadours
of
Alexis
slighted
.
The
advantagious
composition
with
the
Emir
of
Tripolis
.
The
March
of
the
Christian
Army
to
Jerusalem
.
Lidda
,
Rama
,
Nicopolis
and
Bethlehem
taken
by
the
Christians
.
The
extraordinary
expressions
of
their
Devotion
upon
the
first
discovery
of
the
Holy
City
.
AFter
the
Arrival
of
these
Princes
at
Constantinople
,
Duke
Godfrey
and
Tancred
being
advanced
as
far
as
Nicomedia
,
and
having
levelled
the
ways
over
the
Mountains
from
that
Town
to
the
City
of
Nice
,
they
invested
that
place
the
sixteenth
day
of
May.
They
staid
some
time
for
the
coming
of
the
other
Princes
,
and
of
Peter
the
Hermit
,
who
was
gone
into
Asia
to
recollect
some
of
those
unfortunate
Reliques
of
his
Forces
which
had
saved
themselves
in
the
Woods
.
And
then
it
was
resolved
without
staying
for
the
Troops
of
Raymond
Earl
of
Tholose
,
and
those
of
the
Duke
of
Normandy
and
the
Earl
of
Blois
,
which
were
not
yet
come
up
,
that
they
should
begin
to
form
the
Siege
of
Nice
.
Nice
the
Capital
City
of
Bythinia
,
and
which
is
famous
to
this
day
for
the
first
and
seventh
Oecumenical
Councils
,
which
were
held
there
against
the
Heresies
of
the
Arians
and
the
Iconoclasts
,
was
at
this
time
a
fair
and
spaious
City
,
liyng
about
fifteen
or
sixteen
Leagues
from
Nicomedia
,
in
the
middle
of
a
most
fertile
and
pleasant
Valley
,
on
all
sides
encompassed
with
high
Mountains
,
except
on
the
Western
Quarter
,
where
the
great
Lake
of
Ascanius
,
which
by
small
Vessels
furnisheth
it
plentifully
with
all
the
Commodities
of
the
Country
,
serves
instead
of
a
natural
Fortification
,
rendring
it
wholly
inaccessible
on
that
side
.
It
was
encompassed
with
double
Walls
of
an
extraordinary
thickness
,
and
flanked
with
very
fair
and
lofty
Towers
,
strongly
built
and
placed
at
convenient
distance
to
defend
each
other
,
and
that
part
of
the
Curtain
which
was
between
them
.
It
was
also
strengthened
without
the
Counterscarp
with
a
great
retrenchment
,
admirably
Palisadoed
,
and
which
was
extream
difficult
of
access
,
by
reason
of
the
great
number
of
Springs
and
Rivulets
,
which
falling
from
the
Mountains
and
being
stopped
by
the
Fortifications
,
drowned
all
the
adjacent
fields
to
what
degrees
the
defendants
pleased
.
Old
Soliman
who
after
the
Turks
had
entred
the
lesser
Asia
pushed
his
Conquests
by
a
continual
succession
of
Victories
as
far
as
the
Propontis
,
had
taken
extraordinary
pains
in
the
fortifying
of
this
City
,
where
he
established
the
Seat
of
his
Empire
,
that
he
might
be
so
much
the
nearer
Constantinople
,
and
upon
occasion
one
day
pass
over
more
commodiously
into
Europe
.
The
young
Soliman
who
about
ten
years
after
succeeded
him
,
usually
kept
a
very
strong
Garrison
there
,
but
upon
the
noise
which
the
Enterprize
of
the
Christians
of
the
West
were
about
to
make
,
he
reinforced
it
with
the
choicest
of
his
Troops
;
for
he
did
not
doubt
but
in
order
to
their
opening
a
passage
to
Jerusalem
,
this
place
would
be
the
first
that
would
be
attacked
.
He
himself
was
gone
into
Persia
,
year
1097
to
request
the
assistance
of
all
the
Princes
of
his
Nation
;
and
returning
just
in
the
nick
of
time
to
succour
the
City
,
he
posted
himself
in
the
Mountains
at
the
same
time
when
the
Christian
Army
,
not
suspecting
that
such
a
terrible
Enemy
was
so
near
,
began
the
Siege
.
However
the
Christians
applyed
themselves
to
a
formal
Siege
,
distributing
their
several
Quarters
in
his
open
view
,
their
Army
being
far
more
numerous
then
his
,
and
consisting
in
above
four
hundred
thousand
Combatants
.
Bohemond
,
after
he
had
taken
care
for
Provisions
for
the
Army
in
a
very
plentiful
manner
,
returning
to
the
Camp
,
posted
himself
on
the
Northwest
quarter
of
the
City
,
with
his
Nephew
Tancred
who
extended
his
quarter
on
the
right
hand
even
to
the
Lake
.
Godfrey
of
Bullen
with
Baldwin
took
the
Right
Hand
over
against
the
Principal
Gate
of
the
City
,
taking
up
all
that
space
between
the
North
and
the
East
upon
that
side
where
the
City
was
most
strongly
fortified
.
After
them
upon
the
South
East
quarter
encamped
Hugh
the
Great
in
the
same
place
,
where
after
their
arrival
the
Duke
of
Normandy
and
Count
Stephen
were
to
make
their
attack
so
soon
as
they
should
come
up
.
All
the
South
side
was
reserved
for
Count
Raymond
who
was
upon
his
way
in
Bythinia
and
not
far
distant
from
the
Camp
.
That
part
towards
the
West
South-West
which
lay
upon
the
Lake
,
could
not
be
blocked
up
so
close
but
that
the
Enemies
had
that
way
the
convenience
of
furnishing
themselves
with
Provisions
.
The
Town
being
in
this
manner
begirt
quite
round
,
the
besiegers
began
briskly
with
a
General
Assault
,
which
upon
the
fourteenth
day
of
May
was
given
at
the
same
time
upon
all
the
several
Quarters
,
with
all
kind
of
military
Engines
.
The
Combat
was
maintained
all
that
day
till
the
darkness
of
the
Night
obliged
them
to
discontinue
it
,
and
was
again
renewed
in
the
Morning
with
extraordinary
fury
,
though
without
Effect
.
For
the
besieged
were
not
only
gallant
men
,
but
every
minute
in
expectation
of
being
relieved
by
Soliman
,
to
whom
they
had
dispatched
an
Express
both
to
inform
him
of
their
Condition
,
and
to
advertise
him
that
he
might
easily
do
it
by
forcing
the
Christian
Camp
on
that
part
which
lay
to
the
Southward
,
which
was
but
as
yet
very
slenderly
guarded
;
but
it
so
fell
out
,
that
the
Letters
of
the
Sultan
were
intercepted
that
very
day
as
they
were
going
to
the
Town
to
assure
the
besieged
that
he
would
not
fail
the
next
morning
according
to
their
advice
to
attack
that
part
of
the
Camp
.
Notice
thereupon
was
immediately
given
to
Prince
Raymond
who
was
not
far
off
,
who
marched
with
such
diligence
,
that
by
good
Fortune
the
next
morning
very
early
he
arrived
in
the
Camp
.
He
was
no
sooner
begun
to
make
his
Lodgement
,
but
the
Turks
descended
from
the
Mountain
and
divided
themselves
into
two
great
Bodies
to
attack
the
Christian
Camp
in
two
quarters
.
One
party
of
them
marched
to
the
right
,
towards
the
South
,
believing
according
to
the
advice
which
they
had
received
from
the
besieged
,
that
the
passage
there
was
free
,
whilest
the
other
advanced
to
the
Quarter
of
Duke
Godfrey
which
lay
next
the
Earl
,
to
prevent
his
sending
any
succours
from
that
part
,
and
thereby
to
be
the
better
able
to
put
his
designed
relief
into
the
City
.
year
1097
But
the
gallant
Raymond
whom
the
Turks
little
expected
to
have
found
there
,
received
them
in
so
good
a
posture
,
and
charged
their
Troops
,
who
looked
for
nothing
less
than
such
opposition
,
with
so
much
fury
,
that
he
presently
put
them
into
disorder
,
and
having
routed
them
and
cut
the
best
part
of
them
in
pieces
,
the
rest
were
forced
to
betake
themselves
to
a
hasty
slight
,
pursuing
them
to
the
very
foot
of
the
Mountains
,
whilst
Godfrey
in
his
quarter
dealt
in
the
same
manner
with
those
who
made
the
false
attack
upon
his
Post
.
Nevertheless
the
besieged
failed
not
at
all
in
their
Courage
,
but
made
a
very
obstinate
defence
,
under
the
Protection
of
their
Walls
,
whose
strength
was
so
great
as
bid
defiance
to
all
the
Engines
which
were
made
use
of
against
them
;
nor
were
they
out
of
hopes
but
that
still
they
should
receive
the
Relief
which
they
had
sent
to
desire
of
Soliman
,
by
the
way
of
the
Lake
which
still
was
open
.
Whilst
matters
stood
in
this
posture
,
the
Duke
of
Normandy
and
the
Earl
of
Blois
,
arrived
with
their
Army
in
the
beginning
of
June
,
and
took
up
their
Posts
in
the
Quarter
assigned
them
at
the
beginning
of
the
Siege
.
This
was
the
first
time
that
the
Christian
Princes
had
seen
all
their
Forces
together
,
and
taking
a
review
of
the
Army
,
they
found
it
to
be
the
most
gallant
and
numerous
,
that
ever
had
been
seen
in
any
Age.
For
without
computing
the
Priests
,
Monks
,
Women
,
Children
and
Servants
of
which
the
number
was
infinite
,
those
who
were
present
at
this
general
muster
assure
us
,
that
there
were
no
fewer
than
six
hundred
thousand
Combatants
,
of
which
there
were
at
the
least
a
Hundred
thousand
Horse
bravely
armed
;
moreover
the
Venetians
,
Genoese
,
and
those
of
Pisa
who
were
Masters
of
the
Sea
,
assisted
them
with
a
mighty
Fleet
,
and
supplied
this
vast
Army
continually
with
store
of
Arms
,
Engines
of
War
and
all
manner
of
Provisions
.
But
that
which
was
most
admirable
,
was
,
that
these
Noble
Princes
,
to
avoid
the
displeasure
of
Almighty
God
,
which
for
their
horrible
disorders
had
ruined
the
former
Crusades
under
the
Hermit
Peter
,
Godescale
and
Count
Emico
,
did
by
their
Authority
and
Example
,
and
by
the
powerful
Exhortations
which
the
Bishops
continually
made
to
the
Soldiers
,
so
admirably
regulate
them
,
and
maintained
so
good
and
severe
a
Discipline
,
that
all
sorts
of
Vices
and
Debauches
,
were
banished
from
the
Camp
.
During
this
,
Soliman
who
was
resolved
to
try
the
last
of
his
skill
for
the
Relief
of
the
Town
,
upon
a
sudden
made
a
descent
from
the
Mountains
,
and
made
a
second
attack
upon
the
Quarter
of
Raymond
,
with
a
Body
of
sixty
thousand
men
sustained
by
the
Gross
of
his
whole
Army
:
but
the
Count
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Princes
who
were
advertised
of
this
Design
of
the
Enemies
,
getting
betwixt
this
advanced
body
and
the
rest
of
the
Sultans
Army
,
put
them
into
such
a
consternation
that
they
immediately
fled
leaving
four
thousand
of
their
companions
dead
upon
the
spot
,
whose
heads
the
victorious
Christians
cutting
off
,
with
their
Engines
threw
them
over
the
Walls
,
thereby
to
strike
the
greater
Terror
into
the
Hearts
of
the
besieged
.
But
notwithstanding
all
that
,
year
1097
they
continued
the
defence
like
brave
men
,
and
they
were
thereto
encouraged
both
by
reason
that
the
Lake
being
free
and
open
they
received
every
day
some
little
relief
or
other
;
as
also
because
there
were
among
the
Turks
of
this
Garrison
many
resolute
men
,
who
had
determined
never
to
abandon
the
defence
of
the
place
but
with
their
lives
,
and
among
others
one
whose
bravery
,
though
mixed
with
too
much
of
the
brutal
,
was
such
,
that
he
was
from
one
of
the
Towers
which
he
defended
,
looked
upon
by
the
whole
Christian
Army
with
astonishment
,
and
his
Actions
seemed
the
Prodigies
of
Valour
and
Courage
.
This
valiant
man
who
by
reason
of
his
huge
Bulk
,
extraordinary
Strength
,
and
the
Fierceness
of
his
barbarous
and
menacing
Air
,
seemed
much
to
resemble
a
Giant
,
defended
one
of
the
strong
Towers
which
were
assaulted
by
Count
Raymond
;
he
had
been
often
repulsed
,
but
yet
repeated
the
surious
Attack
,
when
this
monstrous
Turk
coming
to
the
Platform
,
made
a
terrible
havock
among
the
Assailants
,
tumbling
down
with
a
mighty
impetuosity
such
as
had
mounted
the
scaling
Ladders
,
wounding
them
with
such
vast
Arrows
as
no
Shield
nor
Curiass
was
able
to
resist
.
And
not
herewith
contented
,
he
insulted
most
intollerably
over
the
Christians
who
sell
under
his
Arms
,
with
all
the
bitter
and
bloody
ralleries
imaginable
;
for
being
attacked
on
all
hands
he
could
not
forbear
calling
them
feeble
and
effeminate
Cowards
,
who
were
sitter
for
the
Distaff
than
the
Lance
;
and
finding
that
his
Bow
and
Arrows
were
not
sufficient
to
drive
off
the
Assailants
,
who
pressed
hard
to
the
foot
of
the
Wall
,
he
threw
away
his
Buckler
and
his
Arms
,
and
exposing
himself
naked
to
an
infinite
number
of
Arrows
which
were
shot
at
him
,
he
with
both
his
hands
fell
to
throwing
down
stones
of
a
prodigious
bigness
upon
those
who
were
attempting
to
undermine
the
Wall
;
and
which
is
almost
incredible
,
if
we
were
not
assured
from
those
who
were
Eye
witnesses
of
the
Spectacle
,
though
he
had
above
twenty
Arrows
sticking
in
him
that
his
Breast
looked
as
if
it
were
bristled
with
them
,
yet
he
did
not
cease
to
throw
down
stones
upon
the
Assailants
,
nor
to
bestow
his
reproachful
language
upon
them
,
till
Duke
Godfrey
who
was
come
thither
from
his
own
quarter
,
not
able
to
indure
this
insolence
of
a
Barbarian
,
with
a
well
placed
Arrow
shot
him
through
the
very
heart
,
and
tumbled
him
dead
into
the
Ditch
.
Thus
the
bravest
man
of
the
Turks
seemed
to
stay
to
receive
an
honourable
Death
from
the
hand
of
the
gallantest
of
the
Christians
.
Hitherto
the
besieged
being
not
out
of
hope
defended
the
place
with
resolution
enough●
;
but
when
they
saw
that
the
Christians
by
the
help
of
certain
little
Vessels
of
War
which
the
Emperor
had
sent
from
Civitot
,
were
now
become
absolute
Masters
of
the
Lake
,
and
that
Count
Raimond
had
by
undermining
overthrown
the
great
Tower
which
he
had
been
so
long
attacking
,
and
that
the
Wife
of
Soliman
as
she
was
endeavouring
to
make
her
escape
was
taken
prisoner
with
her
two
Sons
,
year
1097
they
begun
to
enter
into
a
Treaty
with
the
Emperors
People
,
who
from
the
very
beginning
of
the
Siege
had
secretly
solicited
them
by
his
Lieutenant
to
surrender
the
place
to
him
with
great
promises
of
advantage
;
and
though
the
Princes
discovered
this
cunning
Treaty
and
the
persidiousness
of
Alexis
,
yet
they
did
not
in
the
least
oppose
the
Rendition
of
the
place
unto
him
;
so
after
a
Siege
of
seven
weeks
the
Town
was
surrendred
upon
Articles
to
the
Emperor
;
and
he
to
gain
the
good
opinion
of
the
Infidels
if
they
should
one
day
attempt
to
reconquer
it
,
causing
the
Wife
and
two
sons
of
Soliman
,
and
the
whole
Turkish
Garrison
to
be
transported
to
Constantinople
,
gave
them
all
the
kind
Treatment
imaginable
,
endeavouring
thereby
to
draw
them
to
his
Service
.
During
which
time
,
that
he
might
the
better
conceal
his
cowardly
Treachery
under
the
fairest
shews
,
he
made
most
magnificent
Presents
to
all
the
principal
Commanders
,
and
bestowed
good
Largesses
upon
the
poor
Soldiers
,
that
he
might
after
a
fashion
make
them
some
Satisfaction
for
the
loss
of
the
Spoils
of
the
Vanquished
,
which
he
had
promised
them
before
the
taking
of
the
City
.
But
this
persidious
Prince
was
resolved
to
perform
nothing
of
what
he
had
promised
to
the
Franks
,
and
having
drawn
all
the
Advantages
he
possibly
could
from
them
,
at
the
last
to
work
their
Ruine
and
Destruction
;
which
without
doubt
he
had
effected
,
if
his
former
Treacheries
had
not
been
too
frequent
and
apparent
to
doubt
of
his
Intentions
,
and
the
Distrust
which
the
Princes
and
whole
Army
had
of
this
wicked
Man
,
was
the
reason
that
they
were
always
upon
their
Guard
against
him
;
and
the
Soldiers
who
were
not
given
much
to
Dissimulation
in
the
case
,
charged
him
openly
every
Day
with
whole
Vollies
of
Curses
and
thousands
of
Execrations
.
After
the
Reduction
of
Nice
,
the
Princes
that
they
might
not
lose
that
commodious
Season
of
the
Year
,
marched
immediately
towards
Syria
,
and
the
third
day
after
,
for
the
conveniency
of
Forrage
and
Subsistence
;
they
separated
into
two
Bodies
,
Bohemond
with
the
Duke
of
Normandy
and
the
Earl
of
Blois
,
taking
the
left
hand
,
and
Godfrey
with
the
other
Princes
,
the
right
,
but
yet
without
distancing
the
Armies
above
two
Miles
asunder
.
And
certainly
it
appeared
quickly
that
this
last
Precaution
was
not
without
great
Prudence
as
well
as
Necessity
;
for
three
days
after
this
Separation
,
as
Bohemond
was
got
into
a
large
Vally
,
called
the
Gorgonian
Plain
,
where
he
incamped
in
the
Night
,
upon
the
Brink
of
the
Rivulet
which
runs
through
it
,
he
was
advertised
by
his
Scouts
,
that
he
was
like
to
have
the
whole
Army
of
the
Sultan
upon
his
Hands
;
for
Soliman
after
his
Repulse
at
Nice
,
being
reinforced
with
new
Troops
,
coasted
along
the
Coverture
of
the
Mountains
,
on
the
left
hand
of
the
Christians
with
three
hundred
and
sixty
thousand
Turks
and
Persians
,
all
Horse
,
with
an
insinite
number
also
of
Arabians
,
who
were
also
Cavalry
;
and
having
by
his
Espials
understood
that
Bohemond
,
who
had
the
least
part
of
the
Christian
Army
,
was
ingaged
in
that
Valley
,
he
doubted
not
but
so
to
surround
him
,
as
to
cut
them
all
in
pieces
,
without
their
being
able
to
defend
themselves
;
and
therefore
in
the
Night
he
secretly
passed
the
Valley
,
intending
to
surprize
the
Christians
early
the
next
Morning
upon
their
decamping
;
year
1097
he
therefore
seized
by
break
of
Day
upon
all
the
Passes
of
the
Hills
,
extending
his
Troops
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
placing
them
at
the
several
Avenues
leading
out
of
the
Valley
.
And
no
sooner
was
Bohemond
advertised
hereof
by
his
Scouts
,
but
he
also
discovered
the
huge
Clouds
of
Dust
which
rose
from
the
Mountains
,
and
heard
the
horrible
Cries
of
this
vast
Multitude
of
Barbarians
,
who
made
the
Valley
resound
with
their
dreadful
Shouts
,
thereby
to
terrify
and
surprise
the
Christians
;
and
within
two
Moments
after
he
perceived
Soliman
himself
advancing
at
the
head
of
his
best
Troops
,
followed
with
one
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
Horse
,
who
whilest
the
other
made
a
halt
upon
the
Hills
,
came
powring
down
into
the
Valley
,
to
Charge
the
Christians
,
whom
he
expected
to
find
half
Vanquished
by
their
own
Fear
and
Disorder
.
But
Bohemond
,
whose
Soul
was
not
to
be
shaken
,
and
who
by
a
long
Experience
in
War
,
had
a
mighty
presence
of
Mind
in
the
most
dangerous
Occasions
;
did
,
without
the
least
mark
of
Astonishment
,
perform
whatsoever
was
necessary
,
either
to
avoid
or
to
defer
the
Misfortune
which
in
this
Extremity
seemed
Inevitable
.
He
immediately
dispatched
some
Cavaliers
to
advertise
Duke
Godfrey
of
the
Danger
which
threatned
him
,
and
gave
Command
to
the
Infantry
instantly
to
remove
the
Camp
into
a
place
between
the
Rivulet
,
and
a
great
Morrass
all
covered
with
Reeds
,
and
to
make
a
Palisade
of
the
Stakes
which
served
them
in
setting
up
their
Tents
,
and
to
fortify
that
with
a
second
Circumference
of
the
Waggons
and
Carriages
:
After
which
,
having
placed
himself
at
the
Head
of
the
Cavalry
with
the
Duke
of
Normandy
and
the
Earl
of
Blois
,
they
incouraged
the
Soldiers
by
their
Looks
,
Gesture
and
Voice
,
exhorting
them
couragiously
to
Encounter
those
Enemies
,
whom
they
might
more
justly
despise
than
fear
,
having
twice
before
seen
them
turn
their
Backs
;
and
assuring
them
that
they
should
immediately
receive
Assistance
from
their
Companions
,
and
that
they
could
not
possibly
however
but
upon
this
Occasion
obtain
immortal
Glory
,
either
by
Death
or
Conquest
.
And
thereupon
with
an
invincible
Fierceness
they
led
them
to
the
Charge
;
but
the
Turks
at
the
same
Instant
,
by
the
Command
of
Soliman
made
a
Halt
,
till
such
time
as
the
Christians
who
came
to
the
Charge
with
their
Lances
in
the
Rest
,
were
within
Bow-shot
,
and
then
the
Turks
poured
upon
them
a
whole
shower
of
Arrows
,
and
immediately
wheeled
off
,
yet
all
the
time
that
they
seemed
to
slye
they
ceased
not
to
shoot
their
Arrows
against
those
that
pursued
them
,
and
ever
as
the
Christians
retreated
to
the
gross
Body
,
facing
about
and
charging
them
as
before
;
this
new
sort
of
Combat
did
extreamly
incommode
the
Christians
,
who
could
not
come
to
Blows
with
the
Enemy
,
and
yet
lost
abundance
of
their
Horse
which
were
wounded
with
the
Arrows
:
In
the
mean
time
the
other
part
of
the
Turks
Army
having
forced
the
Camp
,
made
there
most
terrible
Havock
,
plundring
and
killing
without
Mercy
the
Women
,
Children
,
and
Ecclesiasticks
,
and
other
defenceless
People
.
The
Soldiers
oppressed
by
the
multitude
of
their
Enemies
,
were
at
their
last
,
and
all
was
in
a
manner
lost
when
Bohemond
,
year
1097
to
whom
this
News
was
brought
,
came
flying
to
their
Assistance
with
a
party
of
the
Cavalry
:
But
in
the
mean
time
Soliman
who
saw
his
Design
thrive
so
well
,
charged
so
furiously
upon
the
Christians
,
that
after
a
long
Resistance
they
began
to
give
ground
;
but
the
brave
Duke
of
Normandy
snatching
a
white
Cornet
embroidered
with
Gold
,
from
the
hands
of
him
that
carried
it
,
and
who
was
carried
away
with
the
Crowd
of
those
that
fled
,
he
cried
aloud
,
It
is
the
Will
of
God
,
and
at
the
same
time
he
threw
himself
into
the
thickest
of
the
Enemies
,
followed
by
a
small
number
of
brave
Men
who
accompanied
him
;
this
brave
Action
raised
so
much
Shame
and
Courage
among
the
rest
,
that
as
if
they
had
all
on
the
suddain
been
inspired
with
new
Vigor
,
they
spurred
up
at
full
speed
after
him
into
the
thickest
Squadrons
of
the
Saracens
,
overturning
all
on
every
side
that
opposed
their
Passage
:
This
Heat
was
much
more
increased
by
the
return
of
Bohemond
,
who
having
Repulsed
the
Arabs
who
came
with
no
other
Design
but
that
of
Plundring
,
were
not
able
to
sustain
the
first
Shock
of
his
Cavalry
,
who
threw
himself
like
a
Lion
into
the
throng
of
his
Enemies
to
rejoyn
the
Duke
of
Normandy
,
who
after
he
had
renewed
the
Combat
seemed
to
sustain
his
People
more
by
his
Courage
and
Example
than
by
the
strength
of
their
Arms
;
for
what
with
Weariness
,
the
heat
of
the
Sun
,
and
intolerable
Thirst
,
their
Force
was
so
abated
,
that
they
had
much
to
do
to
sustain
the
Combate
.
It
is
true
,
that
even
the
Women
upon
this
Occasion
signalized
their
Courage
,
in
the
midst
of
a
thousand
Darts
and
Arrows
carrying
them
Water
from
the
Rivulet
to
refresh
them
,
but
alas
this
small
Succor
was
too
little
to
ballance
the
greatness
of
their
Distress
,
for
being
oppressed
by
the
infinite
number
of
their
Enemies
,
who
enlarged
their
Squadrons
to
the
right
and
left
,
with
a
design
to
encompass
them
,
having
lost
a
great
many
brave
Men
,
and
among
the
rest
Prince
William
the
Brother
of
Tancred
,
they
were
obliged
to
give
way
and
retire
,
all
the
way
of
the
Retreat
facing
their
Enemies
,
till
they
came
to
the
Camp
,
where
they
hoped
by
the
favour
of
the
Retrenchments
to
secure
themselves
from
the
danger
of
being
inclosed
by
their
Enemies
.
But
now
the
Arabs
had
also
renewed
their
Attack
,
perceiving
that
the
Christians
were
repulsed
,
and
they
pursued
their
Point
so
home
,
that
the
Army
was
reduced
to
the
utmost
Extremity
,
and
in
all
appearance
,
could
not
possibly
long
resist
the
Force
of
so
many
Enemies
,
when
the
first
Squadrons
of
Duke
Godfrey's
Army
,
who
hasted
to
their
Succor
began
to
appear
.
For
so
soon
as
he
understood
the
Danger
in
which
the
Army
of
Bohemond
was
,
he
with
the
Earl
of
Vermandois
ran
with
all
speed
,
being
followed
by
all
the
Cavalry
,
consisting
in
sixty
thousand
Men
,
to
their
Assistance
;
whilest
the
Earl
of
Tholose
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Pavia
,
according
as
it
was
agreed
,
brought
up
the
Infantry
to
the
Combat
.
These
Succours
appearing
upon
the
Mountains
,
being
at
the
same
time
discovered
both
by
the
Christians
and
the
Infidels
,
made
in
an
instant
a
strange
alteration
in
the
face
of
the
Battle
,
year
1097
for
the
Christians
reassumed
their
Courage
,
when
they
saw
Godfrey
with
fifty
Horse
joyn
the
three
Princes
,
to
communicate
to
them
the
Design
which
he
had
formed
with
the
Earl
of
Tholose
.
And
Soliman
who
was
afraid
so
much
to
his
Disadvantage
to
engage
with
the
whole
Christian
Army
in
the
Plain
,
retreated
towards
the
Hills
from
whence
he
came
in
the
Morning
,
not
imagining
that
the
Christians
would
there
dare
to
attack
him
.
But
he
quickly
found
he
had
deluded
himself
;
for
no
sooner
were
the
Earls
of
Vermandois
and
Tholose
come
up
,
but
the
whole
Army
was
put
in
order
of
Battle
,
just
about
Noon
,
without
giving
so
much
as
time
for
those
who
had
been
engaged
already
,
to
take
their
repast
,
except
whilest
they
were
drawing
up
into
their
Order
.
The
Norman
Princes
,
that
is
,
Duke
Robert
,
Bohemond
,
Tancred
,
and
Richard
Prince
of
Salernum
his
Cosin
,
had
the
left
Battalion
upon
that
side
towards
the
Entrance
into
the
Valley
,
Duke
Godfrey
with
his
two
Brothers
,
and
the
Earls
of
Vermandois
and
Flanders
were
upon
the
right
,
Count
Raymond
led
the
main
Body
betwixt
those
two
,
inclining
a
little
to
the
left
,
that
way
where
the
access
to
the
Mountain
was
less
Difficult
,
the
Horse
were
disposed
upon
the
Wings
and
in
the
Intervals
of
the
Battle
,
and
the
two
Points
,
to
the
intent
they
might
the
better
sustain
the
Infantry
upon
all
occasions
.
The
Princes
in
drawing
up
the
Squadrons
,
animated
the
Soldiers
by
the
sight
of
the
Cross
which
they
carried
in
the
Colours
,
and
upon
their
Coats
,
thereby
to
remind
them
of
their
Vow
which
they
had
made
,
to
vanquish
or
to
dye
for
the
Glory
of
him
,
who
for
their
Salvation
died
upon
the
Cross
;
they
remonstrated
to
some
of
them
,
That
the
Enemies
they
were
to
Combat
,
were
those
whom
they
had
two
several
times
before
Vanquished
at
Nice
;
that
they
were
for
the
most
part
cowardly
Arabians
,
accustomed
rather
to
steal
than
fight
,
and
who
were
not
used
to
set
upon
their
Enemies
but
like
Thieves
to
robb
them
by
Surprize
,
as
they
did
now
upon
the
Army
after
it
was
divided
:
But
now
that
they
saw
them
conjoyned
,
they
shewed
plainly
by
the
little
assurance
of
their
Countenances
,
and
their
suddain
Retreat
,
that
the
very
sight
of
their
Vanquishers
had
taken
away
their
Courage
and
their
Judgment
,
and
that
they
ought
to
be
looked
upon
as
half
beaten
before
the
Engagement
:
They
told
others
,
That
in
fighting
valiantly
as
the
Soldiers
of
Christ
Jesus
,
and
under
his
Conduct
,
they
went
to
a
most
assured
Happiness
,
either
in
Heaven
by
the
glorious
Crown
of
Martyrdom
,
if
they
died
in
this
Battle
,
or
if
they
survived
it
,
they
might
expect
on
Earth
the
Riches
and
the
Spoils
of
all
Asia
,
as
the
product
of
their
Victory
.
And
that
they
might
be
understood
by
all
,
and
speak
all
in
one
Word
,
they
cried
with
a
loud
Voice
,
and
with
all
their
Force
,
as
they
passed
from
Rank
to
Rank
,
lifting
up
one
Hand
to
Heaven
,
and
with
the
other
drawing
their
Swords
,
It
is
the
Will
of
God
,
It
is
the
Will
of
God
.
Whereupon
the
whole
Army
repeated
the
same
Words
,
with
such
a
terrible
Harmony
,
that
the
Hills
,
the
Vallies
,
the
Rocks
,
and
Mountains
shook
with
the
dreadful
Eccho
,
which
repeated
a
million
of
times
,
It
is
the
Will
of
God
,
It
is
the
Will
of
God
.
After
which
Prayers
being
made
,
and
the
Bishops
having
given
them
their
Benediction
,
the
whole
Army
moved
gently
in
a
most
beautiful
Order
towards
the
Enemy
,
who
all
this
time
stood
firm
without
the
least
Motion
,
in
his
Post
,
that
he
might
thereby
secure
the
Advantage
he
had
taken
.
After
the
Christians
covered
with
their
Bucklers
,
had
sustained
the
first
discharge
of
the
Saracens
,
who
darkned
the
very
Skye
with
the
infinite
multitude
of
their
Arrows
,
Count
Raymond
without
giving
them
leisure
to
make
a
second
Charge
,
ran
at
full
speed
,
with
Lance
in
Rest
,
upon
their
Squadrons
,
with
the
whole
Body
of
his
Cavalry
,
and
they
being
unable
to
sustain
so
rude
a
Shock
as
was
given
them
by
the
European
Lancers
,
to
which
they
had
neither
Shields
nor
Brest-plates
to
oppose
,
were
overthrown
and
tumbled
down
Horse
and
Man
.
The
Infantry
which
followed
them
close
,
then
entring
,
as
at
a
Breach
,
with
their
Swords
in
their
Hands
,
without
ever
regarding
the
Enemies
Arrows
,
made
an
extraordinary
Carnage
,
both
amongst
the
Men
and
Horses
;
whilest
in
the
mean
time
Godfrey
and
Bohemond
,
who
had
extended
their
Squadrons
to
hinder
the
Enemies
Wings
from
encompassing
them
,
charged
them
in
the
Flank
,
and
fought
with
good
Success
;
but
that
which
compleated
the
Ruine
of
the
Infidels
,
was
,
that
the
Bishop
of
Pavia
,
who
according
as
was
agreed
among
the
Princes
,
having
marched
his
Body
behind
the
Mountain
upon
the
left
hand
,
immediately
fell
upon
their
Rere
,
which
he
assailed
most
vigorously
,
and
with
mighty
Shoots
,
thereby
the
more
to
terrify
and
astonish
them
.
For
immediately
the
Arabs
,
who
were
not
acquainted
with
sighting
hand
to
hand
,
and
who
feared
to
be
surrounded
between
the
two
Armies
,
began
to
betake
themselves
to
their
Heels
,
and
in
conclusion
,
the
Fear
and
the
Disorder
which
dispersed
itself
over
the
whole
Army
,
put
them
in
a
moment
to
a
general
Rout
;
the
greatest
part
of
them
saving
themselves
by
the
swiftness
of
their
Horses
,
which
it
was
in
vain
to
hope
to
overtake
by
the
heavy
Cavalry
of
the
Christians
:
However
they
pursued
them
till
Night
,
killing
many
who
in
their
Flight
incumbred
one
another
,
so
as
they
could
not
make
that
hast
which
their
Fear
and
Danger
required
from
them
.
Their
Camp
immediately
fell
into
the
hands
of
the
Christians
,
wherein
the
Soldiers
according
as
the
Generals
had
promised
them
,
inriched
themselves
with
a
prodigious
quantity
of
Booty
and
Plunder
which
they
found
there
.
The
Christians
in
these
two
Combats
lost
not
above
four
thousand
Men
,
among
which
,
only
three
Persons
of
Quality
who
were
slain
in
the
first
Attaque
,
William
the
Brother
of
Tancred
,
Geoffrey
of
Aigremont
,
and
the
most
valiant
William
of
Paris
.
The
Infidels
left
there
upon
the
place
,
besides
a
prodigious
number
of
the
Arabs
and
their
other
ordinary
Soldiers
,
above
three
thousand
of
the
principal
persons
of
Quality
among
the
Turks
,
being
those
who
of
all
the
Infidels
fought
the
most
valiantly
in
that
Battle
.
The
Victorious
Army
after
having
refreshed
themselves
two
days
in
this
Valley
,
year
1097
now
famous
for
this
glorious
Victory
,
put
themselves
upon
their
March
,
advancing
towards
Syria
,
all
the
way
following
the
Track
of
the
flying
Sultan
;
and
this
Prince
having
after
the
Battle
met
with
ten
thousand
fresh
Arabians
,
which
came
to
Reinforce
him
,
and
upon
the
Road
having
called
the
scattered
Fugitives
,
he
applied
himself
to
lay
all
the
Country
wast
through
which
the
Christian
Army
was
to
march
;
this
reduced
them
to
extream
Want
,
especially
in
their
Passage
over
the
Mountains
and
the
Deserts
;
so
that
the
defect
of
Provisions
,
and
the
Thirst
,
occasioned
by
the
excessive
Heats
,
reduced
them
to
those
Extremities
,
that
five
hundred
Persons
died
in
one
day
,
and
almost
all
the
Horses
perished
.
But
at
last
,
having
gotten
out
of
those
Straits
,
they
arrived
about
Antioch
in
Pisidia
,
which
surrendered
to
them
without
Resistance
,
as
did
most
of
the
other
Cities
in
their
Passage
through
Lycaonia
,
Cappadocia
,
and
Armenia
.
For
the
generality
of
the
Inhabitants
being
Christians
,
and
the
Turks
not
daring
to
appear
in
the
Field
,
being
baffled
in
all
the
Rencounters
upon
the
Way
,
and
therefore
unable
to
protect
them
,
those
places
sent
to
the
Princes
to
render
themselves
to
their
Protection
;
they
received
the
Princes
with
all
sort
of
Submission
,
and
by
a
thousand
Testimonies
of
Rejoycing
,
made
it
appear
with
what
infinite
Pleasure
they
saw
themselves
delivered
from
the
insupportable
Yoak
of
Slavery
,
which
had
been
imposed
upon
them
by
the
Infidels
.
And
therefore
seizing
upon
Iconium
,
Cesaria
in
Cappadocia
,
sometimes
a
famous
City
,
though
now
almost
wholy
Ruinous
,
Heraclia
upon
the
Frontier
of
Cilicia
,
the
Princes
placed
Governors
in
them
,
retaining
them
under
their
own
Jurisdiction
.
For
they
thought
themselves
wholy
disengaged
from
the
Oath
which
they
had
made
to
the
perfidious
Alexis
,
who
had
not
observed
in
any
sort
the
Agreement
which
he
had
sworn
to
them
.
Thus
it
must
happen
to
such
cowardly
Princes
,
who
not
believing
themselves
obliged
to
submit
to
the
Laws
which
they
themselves
have
made
,
and
to
which
they
have
given
their
most
solemn
Faith
,
they
gain
nothing
,
in
conclusion
,
by
their
Dissimulation
,
but
the
Disappointment
of
their
Expectations
,
and
the
unprofitable
Shame
,
by
breaking
their
Word
,
of
being
esteemed
dishonest
and
unworthy
Men.
Whilest
the
Army
refreshed
themselves
in
Pisidia
,
after
such
Toyls
and
Hardships
,
Prince
Godfrey
had
like
to
have
been
lost
by
a
strange
Accident
,
which
however
redounded
in
conclusion
much
to
the
Honour
of
this
Prince
,
advancing
his
Reputation
,
Courage
,
and
Nobleness
,
which
appeared
even
to
Admiration
upon
this
dangerous
Occasion
.
For
one
day
entring
alone
upon
Horseback
into
a
Wood
,
where
he
hoped
to
have
the
Pleasure
of
entertaining
himself
some
Moments
in
Solitude
,
he
heard
the
Voice
of
a
Man
who
cried
out
for
Help
with
all
his
Power
,
and
advancing
to
the
place
from
whence
the
Noise
came
,
he
presently
understood
the
Cause
;
for
he
perceived
it
was
a
poor
Soldier
,
who
coming
to
cut
Wood
,
was
running
quite
almost
out
of
Breath
,
round
about
a
great
Tree
,
to
save
himself
from
the
merciless
Jaws
of
a
monstrous
and
furious
Bear
,
year
1097
which
was
just
ready
to
seize
upon
him
.
Godfrey
did
not
long
deliberate
what
he
was
to
do
,
but
transported
with
his
Courage
and
his
Charity
,
to
see
the
Danger
of
one
of
his
Soldiers
,
he
spur'd
on
his
Horse
with
his
Sword
in
his
hand
,
towards
the
cruel
Beast
,
who
abandoning
her
first
Prey
,
with
her
Eyes
inflamed
and
her
gaping
Jaws
,
and
the
terrible
Claws
of
her
two
fore
Paws
,
advanced
towards
him
,
and
raising
herself
upon
her
hinder
Feet
to
throw
herself
upon
the
Horse
,
but
being
affrighted
with
the
glittering
Sword
,
to
avoid
the
Blow
she
fell
sidelong
,
yet
so
that
Horse
and
Man
came
over
her
,
she
catched
hold
of
the
Dukes
Coat
to
draw
him
towards
her
,
but
Godfrey
nimbly
recovering
his
Fall
,
and
seizing
upon
her
left
Paw
,
which
she
had
thrust
out
to
lay
hold
upon
him
,
he
plunged
his
Sword
up
to
the
very
Hilt
,
in
the
Belly
of
this
monstrous
Enemy
,
when
at
the
same
time
one
of
his
Gentlemen
named
Husequin
,
who
was
following
the
Hounds
,
came
running
in
at
the
horrible
Cries
of
the
Bear
and
the
Soldier
,
and
put
an
end
to
the
Life
of
the
Beast
,
already
overthrown
by
the
terrible
Blow
which
she
had
received
;
but
the
Duke
having
in
drawing
his
Sword
after
his
Fall
,
from
between
his
Leggs
,
given
himself
a
cruel
Wound
in
his
Thigh
,
which
during
the
heat
of
the
Combat
he
never
perceived
,
he
had
lost
so
much
Blood
,
that
after
the
heat
of
his
Spirits
which
kept
him
up
,
began
to
remit
,
he
immediately
sunk
down
in
a
Swoon
.
This
Accident
,
tho
in
consequence
not
Dangerous
,
yet
spread
a
mighty
Consternation
throughout
the
Army
,
as
if
all
had
been
lost
:
For
altho
he
had
not
the
absolute
Command
of
a
General
,
there
being
so
many
Princes
,
and
the
Sons
of
two
Kings
,
so
that
all
things
were
done
by
Consent
and
an
equality
of
Power
,
yet
nevertheless
he
had
so
much
Authority
,
and
so
much
Deference
was
given
to
his
Judgment
,
that
one
shall
not
need
to
make
any
Scruple
in
saying
he
was
the
Chief
,
especially
since
the
Battle
of
the
Gorgonian
Valley
,
where
by
his
Valour
he
not
only
saved
the
Army
of
Bohemond
,
but
gained
the
Christians
a
most
glorious
Victory
,
by
snatching
it
out
of
the
hands
of
the
Infidels
when
they
were
just
upon
the
point
of
consummating
it
.
But
not
long
after
,
it
so
happened
,
that
Ambition
,
Jealousie
,
and
the
desire
of
Revenge
,
three
Passions
far
more
dangerous
than
the
most
furious
Beasts
,
produced
Effects
more
deplorable
to
the
Christian
Army
,
than
what
had
like
to
have
befallen
them
by
this
monstrous
Bear
,
who
failed
in
his
Attempt
against
the
Duke
,
who
was
the
Soul
and
Spirit
of
the
Army
.
For
while
they
lay
in
Pisidia
refreshing
themselves
,
waiting
the
Recovery
of
the
Duke
,
his
Brother
Baldwin
and
Tancred
,
two
young
Princes
,
whom
the
love
of
Glory
had
already
rendred
Rivals
,
entred
into
Cilicia
by
two
different
Ways
,
with
two
little
Armies
,
to
make
themselves
Masters
of
such
Places
as
they
could
Conquer
,
which
by
the
Consent
of
the
other
Princes
they
were
to
hold
,
and
establish
there
their
little
Principalities
.
Tancred
who
took
the
more
easy
way
,
all
along
the
Sea
Coast
,
came
first
before
Tarsus
,
the
Capital
City
of
that
Province
,
and
having
beaten
the
Turkish
Garrison
who
came
out
to
sight
him
,
the
Inhabitants
who
were
for
the
most
part
Christians
,
submitted
to
him
,
and
planted
his
Ensigns
upon
one
of
the
principal
Towers
of
the
City
.
Baldwin
who
followed
by
the
long
and
difficult
way
of
the
Mountains
,
came
in
just
as
these
matters
had
passed
,
and
was
taken
by
Tancred
for
some
Turkish
Officer
who
was
come
to
relieve
the
Garrison
,
as
also
by
a
mutual
Mistake
,
Baldwin
discovering
Tancred's
Forces
with
Sword
in
Hand
,
marching
up
towards
him
,
concluded
him
to
be
the
Governor
of
the
Garrison
of
Tarsus
,
who
was
come
out
to
oppose
his
Passage
;
but
discovering
their
Error
,
they
Embraced
each
other
as
if
they
had
been
very
well
satisfied
;
but
within
a
few
Moments
Baldwin
being
unable
to
indure
that
his
Rival
should
have
the
Glory
to
have
prevented
him
in
the
easy
Conquest
of
so
fair
a
City
,
and
finding
himself
stronger
in
Number
,
he
would
needs
have
recourse
to
Arms
to
oblige
Tancred
to
yield
to
him
half
the
Conquest
.
Tancred
who
was
every
whit
as
Brave
and
as
Valiant
as
Baldwin
,
and
without
doubt
far
more
Moderate
,
dissembling
this
Affront
for
the
present
,
generously
resigned
it
intirely
to
him
,
and
being
unwilling
to
be
reduced
to
the
miserable
Necessity
of
drawing
his
Sword
against
Christians
and
Confederates
,
he
thought
of
seeking
new
Conquests
,
and
among
other
places
he
went
to
attacque
Mamistra
,
year
1097
one
of
the
most
considerable
and
strongest
Towns
in
the
whole
Province
.
But
the
Virtue
of
this
great
Man
who
had
so
gloriously
overcome
himself
,
found
it self
very
feeble
some
time
after
,
when
he
came
to
incounter
the
most
formidable
Enemies
,
and
Men
of
Courage
,
who
reproached
him
sufficiently
for
performing
so
meanly
,
when
it
was
in
his
Power
to
have
acted
bravely
.
Prince
Baldwin
happened
by
an
odd
Adventure
to
be
reinforced
by
a
Fleet
of
Dutch
and
Flemish
Pyrats
Commanded
by
a
Bullener
,
one
Vinomare
,
who
had
been
a
Domestick
formerly
to
his
Father
Count
Eustace
.
This
Captain
by
pure
Accident
was
come
to
an
Anchor
before
Tarsus
at
the
same
time
when
Baldwin
had
taken
the
Town
,
and
being
Ravished
to
meet
there
the
Son
of
his
old
Master
,
and
so
fair
an
Occasion
to
change
his
Employ
,
by
taking
up
Arms
among
so
many
famous
Christian
Princes
,
in
so
glorious
a
Cause
,
he
immediately
joyned
Prince
Baldwin
,
who
placed
one
part
of
his
Men
in
Garrison
at
Tarsus
,
and
desired
him
to
stay
with
the
remainder
in
the
Road
there
,
till
he
should
send
him
further
Orders
.
After
which
,
this
Prince
having
assured
his
new
Conquest
,
marched
to
make
others
,
and
came
one
Evening
to
Encamp
before
Mamistra
,
where
Tancred
,
who
had
just
taken
the
Place
,
was
busie
in
giving
the
necessary
Orders
for
the
Fortification
of
it
,
to
render
it
stronger
than
before
.
There
is
nothing
more
easy
than
to
revive
the
remembrance
and
sense
of
an
Injury
in
a
Heart
already
grieved
to
have
received
it
,
and
ashamed
not
to
have
revenged
it
,
especially
being
excited
thereunto
by
the
appearance
of
new
Affronts
and
Outrages
.
Richard
Earl
of
Salernum
his
Cousin
,
thinking
that
this
Action
of
Bohemond
was
a
second
Injury
which
he
came
to
offer
,
blew
up
the
Flames
of
Dissention
between
them
,
accosting
Tancred
in
these
Terms
.
Ha!
what
now
Tancred
(
said
he
)
where
is
thy
Honor
?
Thou
has
formerly
been
taken
for
Valor
it self
,
wilt
thou
now
disabuse
the
World
,
and
reverse
that
fair
Opinion
,
by
making
it
evident
that
thou
art
the
greatest
Coward
of
Mankind
?
What!
Canst
thou
suffer
Baldwin
,
after
having
constrained
thee
in
the
most
fierce
and
insolent
manner
in
the
World
,
to
quit
thy
Pretensions
to
Tarsus
,
to
come
and
Reproach
thee
with
the
Injury
he
hath
done
thee
,
and
which
thou
hast
tamely
born
;
and
it
may
be
to
command
thee
to
relinquish
Manistra
too
,
whilest
he
assures
himself
thereof
,
by
that
which
thou
art
pleased
to
call
Moderation
,
but
he
believes
to
be
pure
Cowardice
?
Go
,
go
then
,
if
thou
hast
not
quite
lost
thy
Heart
,
but
go
as
thou
oughtest
,
at
the
head
of
so
many
brave
Men
,
who
are
resolved
to
perish
,
rather
than
not
be
revenged
of
the
insufferable
Affront
which
is
done
not
only
to
Tancred
,
but
to
all
the
generous
Normans
,
who
have
not
conquered
Calabria
,
Pavia
,
and
Sicily
,
Vanquished
the
Grecian
Emperor
,
and
followed
the
Invincible
Bohemond
through
all
Asia
,
there
to
become
Slaves
to
one
Bullener
.
This
did
not
fail
to
raise
the
Courage
of
Tancred
,
and
to
rouse
up
that
Anger
,
which
he
had
not
been
able
without
extreme
Violence
to
smother
at
Tarsus
,
and
Shame
having
removed
all
the
Obstacles
which
Virtue
opposed
,
his
Choller
breaking
out
like
a
River
swollen
with
a
mighty
Inundation
,
was
now
become
furious
;
and
amidst
the
Noise
which
this
turbulent
Passion
raised
in
his
Soul
,
he
was
no
longer
in
a
condition
to
give
Attention
either
to
Conscience
,
Reason
,
or
the
Interest
of
Jesus
Christ
,
for
whose
only
Sake
he
had
taken
Arms
;
but
that
he
hastily
snatched
them
up
to
employ
them
against
his
Brethren
;
so
that
taking
five
hundred
chosen
Horse
,
and
two
hundred
Archers
,
he
put
himself
at
the
head
of
them
,
and
advanced
to
attack
Prince
Baldwin
:
and
he
seeing
them
coming
in
this
manner
,
put
himself
immediately
into
a
posture
to
receive
them
.
The
Combat
was
rough
and
bloody
,
in
regard
that
both
the
one
and
the
other
fought
rather
by
the
Dictates
of
Fury
than
the
Rules
of
Art
,
and
that
the
Combatants
were
all
in
the
rank
of
the
most
valiant
Men
of
the
World
.
It
happened
however
in
conclusion
,
that
Tancred
quitted
the
Field
,
and
retired
before
Baldwin
,
who
outnumbred
him
in
Cavalry
.
Baldwin
pursued
his
Advantage
briskly
till
they
came
to
the
passage
of
a
little
Bridge
,
where
Richard
Prince
of
Salernum
,
and
Robert
de
Anse
,
were
taken
Prisoners
.
Gilbert
of
Clermont
who
was
engaged
too
eagerly
in
the
Pursuit
,
had
the
same
Fortune
to
be
taken
by
Tancred
;
and
many
gallant
Men
lost
their
Lives
on
both
sides
in
this
unfortunate
Day
.
But
it
happened
that
the
two
Captains
,
year
1097
without
a
possibility
of
communicating
their
Thoughts
to
each
other
,
having
in
the
Night
considered
in
their
cooler
Thoughts
,
that
their
unhappy
Dissention
,
which
already
had
done
too
much
Mischief
,
might
occasion
the
Division
of
the
whole
Army
,
and
in
the
end
impeach
the
Progress
of
their
Victorious
Arms
,
and
the
accomplishment
of
their
Vow
;
they
therefore
repented
them
of
their
rash
Folly
,
by
an
extraordinary
Effect
of
Gods
immediate
Power
,
in
whose
Hands
are
the
Hearts
of
Princes
,
to
turn
them
as
he
pleaseth
.
So
that
the
next
morning
sending
reciprocally
,
and
in
the
same
Instant
,
their
Ambassadors
to
each
other
,
they
both
desired
that
Peace
,
which
was
therefore
in
a
moment
concluded
,
the
Prisoners
being
on
both
sides
restored
to
Liberty
,
and
the
Princes
imbracing
each
other
with
a
thousand
Protestations
of
a
future
Amity
.
So
it
is
,
when
Peace
is
made
between
Princes
with
Sincerity
,
and
by
the
Mediation
of
God
Almighty
,
it
is
easily
accorded
,
and
of
long
continuance
,
but
when
it
is
only
the
Work
of
Politick
Men
,
who
cannot
give
it
,
it
is
not
concluded
without
long
Debates
and
Contests
,
which
look
like
a
little
kind
of
War
,
and
when
it
is
concluded
,
it
continues
no
longer
than
while
they
take
Breath
,
and
can
make
better
Preparations
to
break
it
.
After
this
happy
Peace
,
Tancred
having
joyned
to
his
Troops
the
remainder
of
the
Forces
of
the
Pyrates
,
easily
conquered
the
rest
of
Cilicia
even
to
Alexandretta
,
whilest
Baldwin
having
made
a
great
Progress
in
Armenia
,
whither
he
was
gone
to
joyn
the
gross
of
the
Army
,
was
called
to
the
Principality
of
Edessa
,
where
he
established
himself
by
that
Adventure
,
which
I
am
now
about
to
relate
.
Edessa
an
ancient
and
famous
City
of
Mesopotamia
,
known
in
the
sacred
History
by
the
Name
of
Rages
,
which
it
afterwards
changed
into
that
of
Rohais
,
and
which
at
this
day
is
called
Orfa
,
was
in
times
past
under
the
Power
of
the
ancient
Greeks
,
who
governed
it
under
the
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
and
after
that
the
Turks
had
taken
from
him
this
Province
,
yet
it
was
still
maintained
as
a
little
Principality
,
paying
a
certain
Tribute
to
these
Infidels
,
who
nevertheless
ceased
not
to
Tyrannize
over
this
poor
City
,
now
hopeless
of
all
Succours
.
The
Inhabitants
,
who
were
all
Christians
,
having
heard
of
the
famous
Actions
of
Prince
Baldwin
,
who
pushed
on
his
Conquests
as
far
as
Euphrates
,
defeating
the
Turks
in
all
Encounters
,
obliged
their
Prince
to
send
to
him
,
to
desire
his
Assistance
,
and
to
offer
him
the
honorable
Terms
of
being
his
adopted
Son
,
and
declared
Successor
.
Baldwin
did
not
refuse
so
fair
an
Occasion
,
which
his
good
Fortune
seemed
to
offer
him
,
by
possessing
him
of
so
considerable
an
Estate
in
Asia
.
He
adventured
therefore
to
pass
the
Euphrates
,
being
followed
by
not
above
one
hundred
Horse
,
which
were
all
he
could
spare
from
the
keeping
such
important
Places
which
he
had
Conquered
;
nevertheless
with
this
little
Troop
he
baffled
the
Turks
,
who
either
openly
opposed
his
Passage
,
or
laid
Ambuscades
in
his
Way
to
surprize
him
;
and
entring
Edessa
,
he
was
received
with
such
extraordinary
Acclamations
and
Honors
,
that
the
good
old
Man
who
had
adopted
him
,
conceived
such
a
Jealousy
of
him
,
that
repenting
of
what
he
had
done
,
he
resolved
in
short
,
to
get
quit
of
him
,
and
send
him
back
at
any
rate
.
But
Baldwin
,
after
he
had
in
two
or
three
Rencounters
with
the
Turks
who
possessed
all
the
Country
about
Edessa
,
given
a
Tast
of
his
Courage
and
Conduct
;
the
whole
Populace
,
who
were
ripe
for
such
a
Revolution
,
and
wanted
only
an
Occasion
to
revenge
themselves
of
a
thousand
Evils
which
they
had
suffered
under
the
Government
of
this
Covetous
old
Man
,
ran
immediately
to
their
Arms
,
and
besieged
the
Castle
;
and
notwithstanding
all
the
Prayers
and
Opposition
which
Baldwin
made
against
their
Intentions
,
they
cut
this
miserable
Man
in
pieces
,
whilest
he
endeavoured
to
escape
by
throwing
himself
from
a
Window
opposite
to
that
Quarter
which
was
assaulted
.
After
which
,
notwithstanding
all
the
Repugnance
which
Baldwin
either
had
,
or
feigned
to
have
,
thereby
to
shew
that
he
had
no
share
in
so
horrid
an
Action
,
he
was
constrained
the
next
Morning
to
permit
himself
to
be
solemnly
proclaimed
Prince
of
Edessa
,
and
to
be
put
in
Possession
of
the
Treasure
of
the
deceased
Prince
,
which
according
to
the
Destiny
of
Covetous
Men
,
he
had
scraped
together
for
another
,
who
knew
how
to
employ
it
better
than
himself
.
For
with
one
part
of
it
he
bought
the
strong
Town
of
Samosata
upon
the
Euphrates
,
he
who
held
it
,
thinking
it
better
Husbandry
prudently
to
sell
it
at
a
good
Rate
,
than
to
expose
himself
to
the
danger
of
losing
it
for
nothing
:
and
with
another
part
he
levied
good
Troops
,
with
which
he
took
all
the
places
which
were
capable
of
incommoding
Edessa
:
and
in
short
,
in
a
small
time
he
established
a
most
powerful
Estate
,
extending
it
on
both
sides
both
towards
the
South
from
Euphrates
as
far
as
Selencia
upon
the
Tygris
and
towards
the
North
as
far
as
the
strong
places
upon
Mount
Taurus
.
He
had
also
the
dexterity
and
good
Fortune
to
unite
to
his
Principality
a
great
part
of
Armenia
by
an
alliance
with
one
of
his
Princes
whose
Neice
he
married
,
after
the
death
of
the
generous
Gundechilda
his
Lady
,
who
having
followed
him
,
died
at
Maresia
during
the
March
of
the
Army
of
the
Confederate
Princes
.
Whilst
Prince
Baldwin
made
such
a
marvellous
Progress
on
this
side
of
the
Euphrates
,
the
Christian
Army
having
reduced
all
the
lesser
Armenia
,
took
the
Road
through
Comagena
towards
Syria
,
and
drew
within
fifteen
miles
of
Antioch
,
after
having
taken
the
City
of
Artesia
,
the
Inhabitants
whereof
having
cut
the
throats
of
the
Turkish
Garrison
,
had
opened
their
Gates
to
the
Earl
of
Flanders
,
who
was
advanced
with
a
thousand
choice
horse
to
receive
it
.
He
there
made
a
defence
for
divers
days
with
a
great
deal
of
Courage
and
glory
against
twenty
thousand
Turks
,
who
came
from
Antioch
to
retake
it
,
and
who
after
a
terrible
Assault
which
they
maintained
for
one
whole
day
,
were
constrained
to
retire
upon
the
Approach
of
the
Christian
Army
,
to
defend
the
pass
of
a
Bridge
upon
the
Orontes
about
two
or
three
Leagues
from
Antioch
.
year
1097
After
the
repose
of
a
few
dayes
,
during
which
Tancred
and
the
rest
of
the
Lords
except
Count
Baldwin
,
came
to
rejoyn
the
Army
,
it
was
resolved
notwithstanding
the
Season
was
now
far
advanced
to
besiege
this
great
City
,
in
regard
the
Reputation
of
the
Christian
Arms
,
and
the
happy
Success
of
their
great
design
seemed
absolutely
to
depend
upon
the
taking
of
Antioch
which
covered
the
Country
of
Palestine
.
This
resolution
was
no
sooner
taken
,
but
it
was
put
in
immediate
Execution
:
for
the
next
morning
Robert
Duke
of
Normandy
,
who
led
the
Vanguard
of
the
Army
,
fell
smartly
upon
the
Bridge
,
which
the
Turks
who
never
behaved
themselves
better
than
upon
this
occasion
as
vigorously
maintained
;
but
the
Bishop
of
Pavia
coming
up
to
reinforce
them
,
did
so
animate
the
Normans
and
the
English
,
that
some
of
them
having
forced
the
Barricadoes
,
and
the
two
Towers
which
commanded
the
Bridge
,
whilst
others
passing
over
the
Shallows
,
and
some
throwing
themselves
into
the
River
swam
over
,
they
put
the
Turks
to
slight
and
opened
the
passage
for
the
whole
Army
.
That
Night
they
encamped
near
the
River
,
and
the
next
day
which
was
Wednesday
the
twenty
first
of
October
,
putting
themselves
in
order
of
Battle
,
and
adorning
themselves
in
their
fairest
Arms
,
with
Trumpets
founding
and
Colours
flying
,
the
whole
Army
marched
as
it
were
in
a
terrible
Triumph
and
encamped
within
a
mile
of
Antioch
.
Antioch
so
renowned
in
the
Greek
and
Latin
Histories
,
and
which
at
present
consists
only
of
some
part
of
the
beautiful
Ruines
where
sometime
that
noble
City
stood
,
was
at
that
time
one
of
the
fairest
and
largest
Cities
in
the
World
,
giving
place
to
none
for
the
strength
which
both
Art
and
Nature
had
bestowed
upon
it
.
It
was
situated
in
a
most
fertile
and
delicious
Plain
between
the
Mountains
Amanus
and
Orontes
,
upon
the
River
of
that
name
,
whose
Stream
flowed
along
by
the
Walls
on
the
Western
side
,
being
within
four
or
five
leagues
of
its
mouth
:
The
Town
was
in
length
from
the
East
to
the
West
above
a
league
,
without
comprehending
the
Suburbs
which
were
very
large
.
There
were
two
Mountains
between
the
South
and
East
separated
by
a
narrow
Valley
through
which
a
little
River
slid
along
into
the
Orontes
,
all
the
way
of
its
passage
watring
the
inward
part
of
the
City
;
for
these
two
mountains
and
two
other
lesser
Hills
were
all
within
the
Circumference
of
the
Walls
,
which
were
of
an
extraordinary
height
and
thickness
,
and
defended
by
above
four
hundred
fair
Towers
,
a
mighty
deep
Ditch
,
and
a
Counter-Scarp
well
fortified
with
Palisado's
,
and
invironed
with
a
Morass
and
Pools
of
water
in
those
parts
where
by
reason
of
their
lying
upon
the
plain
the
Avenues
to
the
City
lay
more
easie
of
access
.
And
besides
all
this
there
was
a
powerful
Army
of
Turks
within
the
place
for
its
defence
,
as
also
two
Castles
upon
the
Mountain
,
in
one
of
which
was
the
Palace
of
Sultan
Accien
,
who
reigned
in
Antioch
fourteen
years
after
the
Turks
had
taken
it
from
the
Sarasens
;
and
as
he
had
a
long
time
to
foresee
that
the
Army
of
the
Christians
must
come
upon
him
in
their
passage
into
Palestine
,
he
had
used
all
imaginable
diligence
to
furnish
himself
which
all
things
necessary
to
sustain
a
long
Siege
;
hoping
in
that
time
to
receive
great
succours
from
the
Turkish
Princes
,
and
especially
the
Sultan
of
Persia
who
had
promised
not
to
fail
him
,
and
whom
Soliman
was
gone
to
solicit
in
the
common
Cause
.
year
1097
And
that
which
rendred
this
attempt
most
extream
difficult
,
was
,
not
only
the
Greatness
but
the
Situation
of
the
City
,
which
would
not
admit
of
being
wholly
invironed
,
but
that
there
was
free
Egress
and
Regress
for
Succours
to
come
to
the
besieged
.
The
Christian
Army
consisted
not
now
in
above
three
hundred
thousand
men
,
the
Sieges
,
the
Battles
,
the
Diseases
and
Disertions
,
and
other
losses
which
they
had
sustained
in
their
Passage
over
the
Mountains
and
Deserts
,
together
with
the
Garrisons
which
they
were
obliged
to
put
in
the
conquered
Places
,
had
reduced
them
to
one
half
;
but
nevertheless
the
Princes
according
to
the
resolution
which
they
had
taken
,
did
not
cease
to
form
the
Siege
in
this
following
manner
:
All
the
South
side
was
left
open
,
by
reason
that
it
was
impossible
to
attack
the
City
on
that
side
,
in
regard
of
the
Rock
and
Mountains
which
rendred
the
Passage
inaccessible
:
So
that
they
were
contented
to
environ
it
on
the
side
of
the
Plain
,
beginning
at
the
foot
of
the
Mountain
on
the
East
,
and
so
drawing
by
the
North
towards
the
West
between
the
Town
and
the
River
,
which
in
that
part
for
about
a
mile
came
so
near
the
Western
part
,
that
it
served
for
a
Ditch
upon
that
Quarter
.
Prince
Bohemond
and
Tancred
took
their
Post
over
against
the
Eastern
Gate
called
St.
Paul's
Gate
through
which
they
go
to
the
famous
and
delightful
Suburb
of
Daphne
,
sometimes
so
celebrated
for
the
Temple
and
Oracle
of
Apollo
,
and
afterwards
much
more
for
the
Tomb
of
that
illustrious
Martyr
Babylas
,
who
silenced
the
Devil
for
ever
giving
any
more
doubtful
Answers
to
the
foolish
Inquirers
.
Hugh
the
Great
,
the
Duke
of
Normandy
,
the
Earl
of
Blois
and
the
Earl
of
Flanders
,
were
posted
at
the
Right
,
drawing
more
towards
the
North
to
the
Port
commonly
called
the
Dogs
Gate
.
The
Earl
of
Tholose
,
with
the
Bishop
of
Pavia
,
were
encamped
before
that
Gate
,
and
possessed
all
the
space
between
that
and
the
third
Gate
,
which
afterwards
was
called
the
Dukes
Gate
,
by
reason
that
Duke
Godfrey
with
his
Lorrainers
and
Germans
was
posted
there
,
his
Quarters
being
extended
to
that
place
where
the
Orontes
beginning
to
turn
from
the
North
to
the
West
,
slides
down
by
the
Walls
of
Antioch
;
so
that
the
greatest
part
of
the
Army
was
encamped
between
the
Town
and
the
River
,
which
was
there
passed
by
a
large
stone
Bridge
just
over
against
the
fourth
Gate
of
the
Town
,
which
was
therefore
called
the
Bridge
Gate
.
This
Gate
was
also
open
to
the
besieged
as
well
as
that
of
St.
Georges
upon
the
West
,
by
reason
that
the
River
was
between
these
two
Gates
and
the
Besiegers
,
who
by
an
Error
not
easily
to
be
excused
,
did
not
at
first
raise
good
Forts
against
these
two
Gates
,
as
afterwards
something
with
the
latest
they
were
constrained
to
do
.
But
this
Failure
was
nothing
in
comparison
of
another
far
greater
,
and
which
cost
the
whole
Army
very
dear
.
For
the
besieged
making
no
manner
of
Sallies
to
hinder
their
Approaches
,
and
seeming
to
be
buried
in
a
profound
Quiet
,
not
so
much
as
bringing
one
Engine
to
the
Walls
for
their
Defence
,
they
in
appearance
looked
as
if
they
had
lost
all
their
Courage
and
their
Hope
,
so
that
it
was
the
Common
Imagination
that
the
Christians
could
not
fail
presently
to
make
themselves
Masters
of
the
Town
:
So
that
hereupon
they
took
the
Liberty
to
ramble
up
and
down
the
Country
,
year
1097
and
to
straggle
all
over
the
Villages
round
about
to
make
merry
,
and
without
any
necessity
to
wast
that
mighty
plenty
of
provisions
with
which
that
fertile
Soil
abounded
;
and
,
in
short
,
they
neither
kept
Order
nor
Discipline
in
the
Camp
,
partly
by
reason
of
the
false
opinion
which
possessed
them
,
that
this
contemptible
Enemy
would
surrender
the
Town
without
a
Blow
,
but
principally
by
the
misfortune
that
both
Duke
Godfrey
and
Prince
Raymond
were
fallen
sick
,
which
had
like
to
have
intirely
ruined
their
Affairs
.
year
1097
The
Enemies
quickly
advertised
by
their
Spies
of
this
disorder
,
failed
not
to
make
advantage
of
it
;
they
began
at
last
after
so
long
a
silence
to
make
a
mighty
noise
with
their
Engines
,
and
afterwards
instantly
to
assail
the
Camp
upon
all
Quarters
,
so
that
the
besiegers
seemed
now
to
be
besieged
.
Their
Cavalry
sallying
at
the
Bridge-Gate
,
over-ran
that
Quarter
which
was
beyond
the
River
,
cutting
in
pieces
all
those
whom
they
found
dispersed
and
without
Arms
,
as
if
it
had
been
in
a
time
of
perfect
Peace
:
Nor
was
it
possible
for
their
Companions
to
succour
them
,
in
regard
that
they
must
either
by
swimming
or
fording
come
to
their
Assistance
,
neither
of
which
could
quickly
be
performed
.
Others
of
them
made
Sallies
either
openly
and
in
good
Order
,
assaulting
the
Quarters
which
were
negligently
guarded
,
or
by
surprize
creeping
along
the
River
side
and
the
Marish
among
the
Reeds
,
they
fell
upon
such
as
were
idly
walking
or
diverting
themselves
in
the
Gardens
and
Orchards
,
as
if
they
had
not
been
in
an
Enemies
Country
.
In
this
manner
the
unfortunate
Alberon
Archdeacon
of
Mets
,
a
young
Prince
of
the
Blood
Imperial
miserably
perished
;
for
as
he
was
walking
with
a
Lady
of
great
Quality
in
one
of
these
Gardens
he
was
surprized
by
the
Infidels
,
who
cut
off
his
head
,
and
carried
the
Lady
Prisoner
into
the
City
,
where
after
the
barbarous
Villains
had
committed
all
the
Outrages
imaginable
against
her
Honor
,
they
cut
off
her
head
also
and
threw
them
into
Godfrey's
Camp
.
After
which
the
Besiegers
ashamed
to
be
so
affronted
by
the
mistake
of
the
Courage
of
their
Enemies
,
began
now
to
act
after
new
Measures
,
and
recalling
their
Ancient
Vertue
,
to
think
of
taking
the
City
in
good
Earnest
.
They
therefore
began
to
attack
it
by
main
Force
with
all
sorts
of
Engines
,
and
gave
a
general
Assault
with
all
the
Vigor
imaginable
;
but
as
the
strongest
Engines
were
too
feeble
against
those
Massy
Walls
,
and
that
the
unshaken
Towers
were
defended
by
an
Army
which
might
in
the
open
field
have
given
Battle
to
the
Crusades
;
it
was
resolved
to
attempt
it
by
a
long
Siege
,
and
the
Regular
way
of
Art
;
for
this
purpose
they
laid
a
Bridge
of
Boats
over
the
Orontes
,
to
repulse
those
who
had
the
Liberty
to
pass
by
the
Bridge
Gate
;
they
built
Forts
to
block
up
the
besieged
,
and
to
empeach
their
frequent
Sallies
;
and
,
in
short
,
nothing
was
omitted
that
might
straiten
them
of
Provision
,
and
at
last
oblige
them
by
Famine
to
surrender
the
Town
.
But
the
Consumption
of
Provisions
which
so
great
an
Army
occasioned
,
the
continual
Excursions
of
the
Turkish
Garrisons
who
were
about
Antioch
,
who
wasted
all
the
Country
,
the
frequent
loss
of
Convoys
,
and
the
Rigor
of
the
following
Winter
almost
famisht
the
Besiegers
,
so
that
at
Christmas
the
Army
had
neither
Forrage
nor
Provisions
;
It
is
true
that
Bohemond
and
the
Earl
of
Flanders
who
were
almost
continually
on
horseback
,
did
what
was
possible
to
get
subsistence
,
oftentimes
beating
the
Enemy
who
attempted
to
hinder
them
.
But
as
there
was
a
general
Desolation
in
the
Country
,
and
that
there
came
nothing
by
Sea
in
that
tempestuous
and
rough
Season
;
so
though
for
the
most
part
they
returned
loaden
with
glory
for
having
beaten
the
Turks
,
yet
they
brought
but
a
light
stock
of
Provision
for
so
great
a
multitude
,
which
was
not
easily
satisfied
.
This
great
evil
so
terrible
of
it self
and
which
encreased
daily
,
was
also
accompanied
with
so
many
others
as
must
in
conclusion
have
reduced
the
Army
to
despair
;
the
continual
Rains
had
so
dammaged
the
Tents
that
the
Souldiers
lay
almost
quite
exposed
;
most
of
the
Horses
died
,
so
that
there
were
not
many
above
a
thousand
left
in
the
whole
Army
.
At
the
same
time
arrived
the
deplorable
account
of
the
Misfortune
of
Swenon
the
Son
of
the
King
of
Denmark
,
who
coming
to
the
Siege
with
fifteen
hundred
fresh
Cavaliers
all
brave
and
choice
men
,
was
by
Solyman
surprized
in
a
Valley
and
cut
in
pieces
.
Many
daily
deserted
,
following
the
example
of
the
Traitor
Talin
the
Emperors
Lieutenant
,
who
pretending
to
go
to
solicit
his
Master
for
succour
,
abandoned
the
Army
;
many
also
of
the
principal
Officers
of
the
Army
withdrew
,
and
among
the
rest
the
stout
William
the
Carpenter
Vicount
of
Melun
.
And
which
is
most
surprizing
,
even
Peter
the
Hermit
,
he
who
was
the
forwardest
of
all
others
to
take
up
the
Cross
,
was
also
one
of
the
first
who
deserted
it
,
and
this
great
Faster
,
who
by
his
voluntary
austerity
by
which
he
had
gained
so
high
a
Reputation
of
Sanctimony
making
Profession
to
eat
neither
bread
nor
flesh
,
was
not
able
to
resist
the
Severity
of
this
constrained
Abstinence
,
which
not
only
the
Soldiers
,
year
1097
but
the
chief
commanders
also
supported
so
joyfully
,
rather
than
violate
the
Vow
which
they
had
made
unto
Almighty
God
.
An
example
which
gives
us
to
understand
,
that
there
is
rarely
a
solid
Foundation
for
this
outside
Sanctimony
,
especially
when
it
comes
to
make
so
great
a
Noise
;
and
that
commonly
God
Almighty
permits
it
to
be
followed
with
remarkable
humiliation
,
either
to
discover
the
falseness
and
illusion
of
it
,
if
feigned
,
or
to
cure
it
of
the
Vanity
of
being
proud
of
it
,
the
best
of
all
that
is
good
,
if
it
be
true
;
and
certainly
the
confusion
which
Peter
drew
upon
himself
by
so
cowardly
an
Action
was
sufficient
to
cure
him
of
that
distemper
.
For
Tancred
who
foresaw
the
dangerous
consequence
of
this
pernicious
flight
,
persued
these
two
Deserters
,
and
brought
them
back
to
the
Tent
of
his
Uncle
Bohemond
,
who
there
in
the
presence
of
all
the
Princes
severely
reproached
them
with
their
base
Cowardize
;
but
at
the
Importunate
intreaties
of
Hugh
the
Great
,
whose
Kinsman
the
Carpenter
had
the
honor
to
be
,
they
were
pardoned
,
though
with
this
condition
,
that
they
should
publickly
make
Oath
that
they
would
accomplish
their
Vow
,
and
not
abandon
this
Enterprize
,
till
they
had
delivered
the
Holy
Sepulchre
.
In
short
,
every
day
produced
new
misfortunes
,
and
now
the
Pestilence
which
is
the
usual
Attendant
of
Famine
began
to
make
a
terrible
Destruction
in
the
Army
:
Whereupon
the
Bishops
had
recourse
to
extraordinary
Prayers
,
and
admirable
Regulations
were
made
,
and
severe
Orders
given
out
against
the
Vices
and
Disorders
which
had
slipt
into
the
Camp
,
and
which
with
good
reason
it
was
apprehended
were
the
Causes
of
God's
displeasure
against
them
;
nor
was
it
long
before
the
Supernatural
Efficacy
of
this
procedure
became
most
visible
,
for
from
that
time
the
Plague
began
to
decrease
,
and
Duke
Godfrey
whose
distemper
seemed
to
be
communicated
to
the
whole
Army
beginning
also
to
recover
his
Health
,
he
by
his
presence
inspired
new
life
,
Health
,
Vigor
and
Courage
into
the
Souldiers
.
A
great
Succour
of
twenty
eight
thousand
Horse
who
attempted
to
force
the
quarter
of
Bohemond
,
were
defeated
by
this
brave
Prince
and
the
Earl
of
Tholose
;
and
,
which
is
the
Miracle
,
they
had
only
Seven
hundred
Horse
divided
into
six
squadrons
,
with
which
they
engaged
and
vanquished
this
great
number
of
Enemies
upon
the
Nineteenth
day
of
February
between
the
River
and
the
Lake
,
where
they
had
put
themselves
in
Battle
that
they
might
not
be
surrounded
.
After
which
they
returned
to
the
Camp
loaden
with
the
spoils
of
their
Enemies
,
and
that
which
they
most
wanted
,
a
great
number
of
Horses
.
And
as
a
Trophee
of
their
Victory
,
they
threw
over
the
Walls
a
hundred
of
the
Heads
of
the
principal
Turks
,
thereby
also
to
punish
the
Insolence
of
the
Besieged
,
who
insulted
over
the
Christians
a
little
before
,
by
shewing
them
upon
the
Walls
,
one
of
the
Standards
which
they
had
taken
in
a
Sally
wherein
was
painted
the
Image
of
the
Blessed
Virgin
.
About
the
same
time
the
Ambassadors
of
the
Sultan
of
Aegypt
arrived
in
the
Camp
to
treat
of
an
Alliance
with
the
Princes
,
to
whom
he
promised
to
joyn
his
Forces
against
their
Common
Enemies
;
and
not
long
after
two
Fleets
from
Genoa
and
Pisa
arrived
very
Fortunately
at
the
Port
of
St.
Simeon
,
with
all
sorts
of
Provisions
which
were
very
welcome
after
a
five-month-Siege
;
but
this
Arrival
was
the
occasion
of
a
great
Mischief
as
well
as
of
a
great
advantage
.
For
so
soon
as
the
Arrival
of
these
two
Fleets
was
known
in
the
Camp
,
the
Souldiers
ran
thither
in
Shoals
,
every
one
with
Precipitation
,
resolving
to
purvey
for
themselves
such
things
as
they
wanted
.
There
was
reason
to
fear
that
the
Enemy
would
lay
hold
of
this
Opportunity
and
Disorder
,
and
therefore
Bohemond
and
the
Earl
of
Tholose
who
were
to
conduct
the
Egyptian
Ambassadors
to
the
Port
in
order
to
their
imbarquing
,
hasted
with
their
Troops
to
convoy
in
their
return
,
this
great
multitude
of
Souldiers
,
who
were
gone
without
any
order
,
and
without
their
Arms.
And
that
which
they
apprehended
fell
out
accordingly
;
for
they
fell
into
an
Ambuscade
of
four
thousand
of
the
Enemies
who
had
secretly
sallied
out
of
the
Town
by
the
Bridge-Gate
.
And
meeting
with
these
disorderly
Souldiers
in
the
Plain
loaden
with
Provisions
and
without
other
Arms
than
their
Swords
,
they
fell
in
among
them
,
and
notwithstanding
all
the
Valour
of
Count
Raimond
and
the
Prince
of
Tarrentum
,
they
could
not
stop
the
Rout
but
that
the
Souldiers
fled
towards
the
Mountains
leaving
all
their
Provisions
and
a
thousand
of
their
Companions
dead
upon
the
place
.
year
1098
Godfrey
who
was
immediately
advertized
of
this
Disaster
by
some
who
fled
with
the
first
,
took
a
Party
resolving
immediately
to
charge
the
Turks
whom
he
doubted
not
with
the
Joy
of
their
Victory
and
the
Greediness
of
the
Booty
to
find
in
sufficient
Disorder
;
drawing
out
therefore
four
Batalions
sustained
with
all
the
Cavalry
,
at
the
head
of
whom
were
Hugh
the
Great
,
the
Duke
of
Normandy
,
and
the
Earls
of
Flanders
and
Bullen
,
he
passed
the
Bridge
of
Boats
,
and
marched
directly
towards
the
Enemies
with
all
the
Marks
of
Hope
and
Courage
:
in
the
way
he
joyned
the
two
Princes
whom
he
had
given
over
for
lost
,
and
who
after
they
had
unprofitably
used
their
utmost
Efforts
to
rally
their
Fugitives
,
had
disingaged
themselves
very
fortunately
from
the
Turks
.
In
the
mean
time
Accien
who
had
an
account
of
this
Victory
,
and
who
from
one
of
the
Towers
of
his
Castle
observed
this
great
Movement
of
the
Crusades
,
began
to
be
in
pain
for
the
return
of
his
Men
,
he
therefore
commanded
the
greatest
part
of
his
Army
to
sally
out
to
their
Relief
.
He
conducted
them
himself
to
the
Gate
,
and
giving
order
to
have
it
shut
after
them
,
he
thus
addressed
himself
to
the
Souldiers
;
That
after
the
advantages
which
their
Companions
had
had
against
their
Enemies
,
it
would
be
a
shame
to
them
to
think
of
Precautions
,
or
to
assure
themselves
of
a
Retreat
;
that
this
was
the
time
that
they
must
think
of
nothing
but
Victory
or
Death
,
and
that
they
should
never
see
this
Gate
opened
to
them
,
but
after
an
intire
Conquest
of
their
Enemies
.
On
the
other
side
Godfrey
who
marched
but
slowly
at
the
Head
of
his
Troops
,
having
understood
by
the
hasty
return
of
his
Scouts
,
that
the
Conquerors
who
had
joyned
the
Succours
from
the
Town
,
drew
near
loaden
with
their
Booty
,
drawing
his
Sword
and
turning
to
his
Men
,
after
he
had
cast
a
fierce
and
menacing
look
towards
the
Enemy
,
he
cryed
,
Follow
me
,
It
is
the
Will
of
God
.
Giving
them
to
understand
by
this
action
,
that
upon
this
occasion
they
should
trust
to
their
Swords
only
without
using
either
Lances
or
Arrows
.
Whereupon
all
the
Souldiers
in
an
instant
drawing
their
Swords
,
and
making
a
kind
of
Penthouse
of
their
Bucklers
against
the
Arrows
of
the
Infidels
,
who
running
hither
and
thither
incessantly
discharged
upon
them
,
they
marched
gravely
,
neither
with
Precipitation
nor
Heaviness
,
till
they
came
up
to
the
Enemies
at
Swords
point
,
thereby
rendring
their
Bows
and
Arrows
useless
.
The
Barbarians
terrified
with
this
confident
March
,
which
put
them
out
of
their
way
of
sighting
,
and
took
away
the
Service
of
their
Bows
,
they
presently
recoiled
upon
their
Reserves
who
were
come
to
relieve
them
,
and
being
incumbred
with
the
Spoils
they
had
taken
,
were
in
no
condition
to
resist
the
Swords
of
the
Christians
,
against
whom
they
did
not
much
delight
to
combat
but
at
a
distance
,
so
that
the
Fight
was
not
very
long
;
for
after
the
first
Squadrons
of
the
Enemy
were
repulsed
,
the
Christians
fell
into
the
middle
of
them
with
their
Infantry
,
and
on
all
hands
made
a
most
horrible
Slaughter
of
these
miserable
Wretches
,
with
the
mighty
Blows
of
the
Sword
;
so
that
they
were
totally
routed
,
some
flying
to
the
Mountains
,
others
towards
the
City
,
not
dreaming
that
the
Gate
was
shut
against
them
.
Here
it
was
that
Despair
and
the
fatal
Necessity
of
vanquishing
or
dying
which
Accien
had
denounced
against
them
,
made
them
renew
the
Combat
in
the
view
of
the
whole
Town
,
which
ran
to
the
Walls
and
stood
there
as
in
an
Amphitheatre
to
be
Spectators
and
Witnesses
either
of
their
shame
in
being
vanquished
,
or
of
their
Glory
in
being
Victors
.
For
Godfrey
after
he
was
pretty
well
assured
of
the
Victory
,
had
disingaged
himself
from
the
Combat
,
with
a
Design
to
prevent
the
Runaways
getting
into
the
Town
by
cutting
off
their
Retreat
,
and
therefore
being
got
to
a
rising
Ground
near
the
Bridge
he
flew
like
Lightning
among
his
Enemies
,
who
fled
at
full
Speed
,
thinking
he
had
been
at
their
Heels
,
who
was
at
their
Head
to
stop
their
Cariere
.
Never
was
there
seen
any
thing
comparable
to
the
Effects
of
that
extraordinary
and
prodigious
Force
which
Nature
had
bestowed
upon
this
Prince
;
there
was
not
one
Blow
of
his
terrible
Sword
which
did
not
carry
a
dreadful
Death
along
with
it
;
here
he
made
a
Head
with
the
Cask
that
was
on
it
roll
off
from
the
Shoulders
;
there
a
whole
Arm
with
the
Cimiter
which
it
yet
grasped
;
some
he
cleft
down
to
the
very
Shoulders
;
others
he
cut
asunder
in
the
Middle
;
filling
all
with
Horror
,
Blood
and
Terror
,
year
1098
which
way
soever
he
turned
himself
,
and
at
the
same
time
the
other
Princes
who
pursued
the
Fugitives
with
their
Swords
at
their
Backs
,
finding
them
stopped
by
the
Squadron
of
Godfrey
,
made
a
most
dreadful
Slaughter
among
them
,
or
whilest
they
indeavoured
to
save
their
Lives
,
made
them
lose
them
in
a
manner
as
dreadful
;
for
they
constrained
them
blindly
to
precipitate
themselves
into
the
Orontes
,
where
the
Soldiers
dispatched
them
with
their
Pikes
,
which
the
poor
Wretches
could
no
way
escape
but
by
Swimming
.
The
Places
adjacent
resounded
with
the
lamentable
Cries
and
the
Tumult
of
the
Barbarians
,
dying
either
in
the
Field
or
in
the
River
,
which
began
to
be
discoloured
with
the
Blood
of
the
Slain
,
and
the
Noise
was
Ecchoed
by
those
who
from
the
Walls
saw
the
woeful
Slaughter
of
their
Companions
,
so
that
in
conclusion
Accien
was
obliged
to
open
the
Gate
,
to
help
those
who
could
to
make
their
Escape
by
the
Bridge
into
the
Town
.
It
was
upon
this
Occasion
that
Godfrey
performed
an
Action
of
which
the
whole
Earth
talks
,
as
of
a
Prodigy
of
Strength
and
Valour
,
and
which
I
should
not
have
adventured
to
have
given
a
place
to
in
this
History
,
if
it
were
not
attested
both
by
all
the
Writers
of
that
Age
,
and
by
the
Testimony
of
so
many
Eye-Witnesses
of
its
Truth
.
One
of
the
principal
Captains
of
the
Enemies
,
of
a
Stature
much
exceeding
the
common
,
transported
with
Fury
to
observe
that
Godfrey
kill'd
all
that
came
within
the
reach
of
his
terrible
Sword
at
the
entry
of
the
Bridge
,
where
he
had
posted
himself
to
obstruct
the
Passage
,
and
that
the
Turks
to
avoid
his
dreadful
Blows
,
threw
one
another
headlong
into
the
River
,
he
ran
up
to
him
foaming
with
Rage
,
with
his
Sword
advanced
in
the
Air
,
and
with
all
his
force
discharged
so
terrible
a
Blow
upon
the
Duke
,
that
he
split
his
Shield
in
two
pieces
,
which
he
had
opposed
to
it
,
to
ward
it
off
his
Head
,
when
Godfrey
raising
himself
upon
his
Stirrups
,
gave
him
such
a
furious
Reverse
,
that
his
Sword
falling
upon
his
right
Shoulder
passed
quite
through
his
Brest
to
his
left
side
,
and
made
that
half
of
his
Body
tumble
to
the
Ground
,
whilest
the
other
remaining
in
the
Saddle
,
was
carried
by
the
Horse
,
who
was
continually
pricked
by
the
Spurs
which
stuck
in
his
Sides
by
the
convulsive
Motions
of
the
dying
remainder
of
the
Body
,
quite
through
the
Town
,
making
there
such
a
fearful
Spectacle
as
struck
Consternation
,
Horror
,
and
Despair
,
into
the
Hearts
of
the
most
resolute
and
daring
who
beheld
it
.
The
Night
now
coming
on
,
and
the
Defendants
pouring
whole
Showers
of
Arrows
from
their
Engines
upon
the
Walls
,
hindred
the
further
Pursuit
of
the
Victory
.
The
Christians
lost
something
above
a
thousand
Men
in
this
memorable
Day
,
but
it
is
impossible
to
recount
the
Loss
which
the
Infidels
sustained
,
for
besides
those
which
were
slain
upon
the
Field
of
Battle
,
there
were
above
five
thousand
who
lost
their
Lives
upon
the
Bridge
and
thereabout
,
and
the
Number
of
those
who
were
either
drowned
or
slain
in
the
River
,
was
so
great
that
they
almost
made
a
Damm
with
their
dead
Bodies
;
among
the
rest
,
one
of
the
Sons
of
Accien
,
and
twelve
of
their
Amirals
or
Emirs
,
which
are
their
chief
Nobility
,
perished
in
that
fatal
Day
;
and
two
days
after
there
were
found
fifteen
hundred
Persons
of
Quality
,
whom
according
to
their
Custom
they
interred
privately
in
the
Night
,
near
the
Bridge
,
with
their
Cimiters
,
their
Arms
,
Habits
,
and
some
Gold
and
Silver
,
and
other
their
most
precious
Ornaments
.
After
this
great
Victory
,
the
Besieged
who
were
now
more
closely
blocked
up
than
ever
,
by
the
Forts
which
were
raised
near
the
two
Gates
which
had
been
free
,
had
totally
lost
their
Courage
,
if
at
the
same
time
they
had
not
received
the
News
,
that
the
Sultan
of
Persia
,
the
most
potent
Monarch
of
the
East
,
was
sending
a
prodigious
Army
to
their
Relief
,
which
did
something
revive
their
fainting
Hopes
:
And
in
truth
,
this
Sultan
being
continually
sollicited
by
Soliman
,
and
by
Sensadole
the
Son
of
Accien
,
had
sent
Corbagath
to
relieve
Antioch
,
the
Person
in
whom
among
all
his
Captains
he
reposed
the
greatest
Confidence
,
with
a
formidable
Army
of
two
hundred
thousand
Horse
,
and
an
innumerable
Multitude
of
Foot
of
all
the
Nations
subject
to
his
Empire
;
consisting
in
all
of
six
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
Men.
This
General
after
he
had
in
vain
in
his
Passage
attacqued
Edessa
,
which
was
valiantly
defended
by
Prince
Baldwin
,
year
1098
passed
over
the
Euphrates
,
and
advanced
towards
Antioch
with
the
Sultans
of
Damascus
and
Jerusalem
,
who
had
joyned
their
Troops
with
his
Army
,
with
an
intention
to
attaque
the
Christians
in
their
Camp
.
This
News
which
gave
great
Courage
to
the
Besieged
,
caused
much
Disorder
in
the
Christian
Army
,
so
that
many
,
and
some
of
principal
Note
,
despairing
of
their
Safety
daily
deserted
,
and
among
the
rest
,
the
Earl
of
Blois
was
so
terrified
,
that
feigning
himself
Sick
,
he
caused
himself
to
be
removed
in
the
beginning
of
June
to
Alexandretta
,
whither
he
was
followed
by
four
thousand
of
his
Soldiers
;
this
Action
made
it
be
feared
that
others
following
so
pernicious
an
Example
,
the
whole
Army
would
be
in
danger
of
Disbanding
.
But
as
it
happened
presently
after
,
by
a
pleasant
Frolique
of
Fortune
,
this
which
was
dreaded
as
a
mighty
Mischief
,
proved
in
the
end
a
great
Advantage
,
and
this
News
which
made
the
Christians
despair
of
taking
Antioch
,
was
the
Occasion
that
one
Night
,
presently
after
,
it
was
taken
in
the
manner
which
I
am
now
going
to
relate
.
There
was
a
Person
in
Antioch
,
a
Citizen
of
Quality
,
one
Pyrrhus
,
a
Man
of
great
Spirit
,
he
was
born
of
Christian
Parents
,
and
had
been
one
himself
;
but
for
the
saving
his
Estate
he
pretended
to
turn
Mahometan
,
as
did
divers
others
in
the
fourteen
years
after
the
City
came
under
the
Dominion
of
the
Turks
.
This
Pyrrhus
had
gained
so
much
Esteem
and
Credit
among
the
Infidels
,
that
notwithstanding
the
Distrust
which
they
had
of
the
Antiochians
,
whom
therefore
they
kept
very
low
,
not
permitting
them
to
exercise
any
Place
of
Trust
,
or
to
bear
Arms
,
yet
Accien
charmed
with
his
good
Qualities
,
and
the
Belief
of
his
Fidelity
,
had
honoured
him
with
the
Dignity
of
an
Emir
,
intrusted
him
with
the
Guard
of
three
Towers
,
made
him
his
Secretary
of
State
,
and
gave
him
a
Place
in
his
Council
.
This
Man
had
a
Son
a
sprightly
young
Gentleman
,
who
at
the
beginning
of
the
Siege
was
in
a
Sally
taken
Prisoner
by
Bohemond
;
that
Prince
who
was
no
less
Dextrous
and
Wise
than
Vailant
,
having
examined
his
Prisoner
,
whose
Countenance
promised
so
fairly
,
found
in
his
Soul
a
great
Inclination
to
return
to
the
Religion
of
his
Ancestors
,
and
that
he
was
ready
to
undertake
any
thing
to
deliver
his
Country
from
the
cruel
Tyranny
of
the
Turks
:
He
therefore
laid
hold
upon
this
propitious
Opportunity
to
gain
the
Father
,
who
passionately
loved
this
Son
,
and
offered
a
mighty
Ransom
for
his
Redemption
;
for
this
purpose
,
when
he
had
well
assured
himself
of
the
young
Gentleman
,
who
secretly
abjured
the
Mahometan
Superstition
,
and
received
Baptisme
,
he
freely
sent
him
back
to
Pyrrhus
,
who
was
so
transported
with
his
Return
,
and
the
account
he
gave
of
the
good
Treatment
which
he
had
received
from
Bohemond
,
and
the
Wonders
which
were
related
to
him
of
that
Prince
,
that
there
was
nothing
which
he
did
not
resolve
to
do
,
to
give
him
assurance
of
his
Acknowledgments
,
and
to
procure
the
honor
of
his
Friendship
.
After
this
Bohemond
failed
not
to
maintain
a
secret
Correspondence
with
him
by
the
Assistance
of
his
Son
,
who
frequently
went
out
of
the
Town
into
the
Camp
,
under
pretence
of
being
a
Spie
,
as
divers
others
did
,
and
he
laboured
so
successfully
under
the
Favour
of
this
Friendship
which
was
made
between
them
,
that
in
conclusion
Pyrrhus
desired
nothing
more
ardently
than
to
reimbrace
the
Christian
Religion
,
and
to
deliver
his
Country
.
But
that
which
perfected
this
Affair
,
was
a
great
Conference
which
the
Prince
had
with
Pyrrhus
during
the
little
Truce
which
was
made
after
the
Defeat
at
the
Bridge-Gate
;
for
after
he
had
given
him
a
thousand
Testimonies
of
the
tenness
which
he
had
for
him
,
and
the
reason
which
he
had
to
make
his
Fortune
and
a
true
Happiness
,
he
said
such
moving
things
to
him
upon
this
Subject
,
and
so
well
managed
his
Spirit
,
by
his
Arguments
,
his
Intreaties
,
and
his
Promises
,
that
he
quickly
perceived
he
had
so
intirely
gained
him
,
that
he
was
now
become
absolutely
at
his
Devotion
.
In
short
,
after
the
Truce
was
broken
by
the
persidiousness
of
the
Turks
,
who
in
that
time
basely
murdered
one
of
the
principal
Crusades
,
Pyrrhus
sent
to
acquaint
Bohemond
,
That
having
now
fully
considered
of
all
things
,
he
had
taken
his
last
Resolution
,
which
was
,
to
be
ready
to
serve
him
to
the
utmost
;
that
for
his
own
particular
,
it
was
not
any
sort
of
Fear
that
he
had
to
suffer
in
the
common
Ruine
of
the
City
,
that
moved
him
to
Act
as
he
did
,
since
he
was
well
assured
that
the
Christians
would
never
be
able
to
take
it
by
Force
;
year
1098
but
that
it
was
the
ardent
Desire
which
he
had
to
return
to
the
Christian
Religion
,
to
deliver
Antioch
his
Country
from
the
Servitude
and
Oppression
of
the
Turks
,
and
to
give
him
some
undeniable
Effects
of
that
Friendship
which
he
might
expect
from
him
,
which
obliged
him
to
follow
his
Advice
,
and
wholy
to
throw
himself
upon
his
Word
,
in
an
Affair
of
that
Importance
,
wherein
he
must
hazard
not
only
his
Fortune
and
his
Life
,
but
that
of
his
whole
Family
.
But
that
it
was
but
just
,
that
in
regard
he
had
only
entrusted
him
with
the
Secret
,
that
he
should
give
him
Assurance
before
any
thing
should
be
Attempted
,
that
he
should
only
depend
upon
him
;
And
that
therefore
he
was
absolutely
resolved
that
this
should
be
one
Condition
,
without
which
he
would
proceed
no
further
,
That
whereas
the
other
Princes
had
all
the
same
Authority
in
the
Army
,
they
would
yield
the
Principality
of
Antioch
to
Bohemond
,
to
whom
only
he
would
deliver
it
,
and
from
whom
only
he
would
expect
the
Accomplishment
of
his
Promises
.
That
upon
these
Terms
he
would
put
the
three
Towers
,
whereof
he
had
the
Command
,
into
his
Possession
,
and
by
Consequence
the
Town
;
That
he
would
send
his
Son
as
a
Hostage
,
to
engage
for
the
Truth
of
his
Word
;
and
that
he
desired
him
singly
to
consider
that
he
had
not
a
moments
time
to
lose
,
by
reason
of
the
Succours
which
were
now
at
hand
,
and
that
it
was
absolutely
necessary
for
him
to
Act
according
to
these
Offers
,
or
else
to
resolve
wholy
to
abandon
the
Design
.
Now
whether
this
Norman
Prince
,
who
was
mighty
Politick
,
had
laid
the
Train
in
this
manner
,
by
which
he
was
resolved
to
accomplish
his
Ends
,
and
therefore
made
Pyrrhus
speak
at
this
rate
;
or
whether
Pyrrhus
himself
found
it
effectually
his
clear
Interest
,
to
raise
his
own
Fortunes
by
the
greatness
of
his
Friend
,
and
therefore
proposed
this
as
the
only
probable
Expedient
;
most
certain
it
is
that
Bohemond
accepted
the
Condition
with
all
his
Heart
,
and
that
he
was
extreamly
satisfied
to
see
,
that
there
was
no
possibility
of
taking
Antioch
,
but
by
his
single
Interest
.
He
nevertheless
dissembled
his
Joy
,
that
so
his
Design
might
succeed
the
better
;
and
failed
not
the
same
day
,
at
a
Council
of
War
,
with
a
melancholy
Air
,
to
complain
in
these
Terms
of
the
present
Condition
of
Affairs
,
he
said
,
That
those
Evils
which
the
Army
indu●ed
were
Insupportable
,
which
they
daily
Suffered
,
and
which
daily
increased
by
that
long
Siege
,
which
had
now
lasted
seven
Months
without
making
any
tolerable
Advance
,
and
which
was
yet
worse
,
that
they
were
in
danger
shamefully
to
abandon
the
Siege
,
since
there
was
no
appearance
that
they
should
take
Antioch
,
neither
by
Force
,
which
their
Condition
would
not
suffer
them
to
attempt
,
nor
by
Starving
them
,
since
the
so
long
talked
of
Succours
could
not
now
be
at
any
great
Distance
.
There
remains
therefore
,
added
he
very
Insinuatingly
,
nothing
more
to
be
done
,
but
to
try
if
there
be
any
one
amongst
us
who
before
the
Succours
arrive
,
will
endeavour
to
make
himself
Master
of
the
Town
,
either
by
Surprize
,
or
by
Intelligence
,
and
gaining
some
in
the
place
by
Money
or
Promises
,
or
any
other
way
,
which
his
Mind
can
suggest
to
him
as
most
probable
.
And
in
short
,
that
we
may
animate
one
another
to
this
Enterprize
,
I
am
of
Opinion
,
that
for
the
publick
Good
,
which
every
one
of
us
ought
to
prefer
before
his
private
Interest
,
we
ought
all
to
promise
,
that
if
the
Design
succeeds
,
he
shall
have
the
Principality
of
Antioch
for
his
Reward
,
who
shall
perform
this
Exploit
,
and
disengage
the
Army
from
this
Siege
which
hath
so
long
troubled
it
.
There
is
certainly
nothing
so
clear-sighted
as
Jealousy
,
nothing
that
so
soon
discovers
a
Rival
,
be
it
in
Love
,
or
be
it
in
Honor.
And
whatsoever
Artifice
there
was
in
this
Discourse
of
Bohemond
,
these
Princes
,
who
besides
the
Interest
of
Religion
,
for
which
they
made
this
War
,
had
also
those
of
their
Glory
and
their
Advancement
,
easily
penetrated
into
the
Heart
of
the
Tarentine
,
and
making
no
question
by
the
manner
of
his
Discourse
,
but
that
he
acted
for
himself
,
they
all
answered
with
some
kind
of
Precipitation
,
That
they
were
all
Brothers
,
and
all
Equals
,
and
that
they
would
never
permit
that
there
should
be
any
Preference
among
those
who
had
equally
served
with
the
others
.
That
there
was
no
manner
of
Justice
to
divide
the
Conquest
,
but
to
those
who
had
shared
in
the
Pains
and
Danger
,
and
that
tho
Antioch
was
to
have
but
one
Master
,
yet
it
must
be
Lot
that
must
chuse
him
,
and
it
was
to
Fortune
only
and
her
Power
,
that
the
Principality
of
Antioch
was
to
be
owing
.
year
1098
Bohemond
seeming
not
to
take
the
least
Notice
that
this
Blow
was
levelled
at
him
,
only
smiled
at
the
Discourse
,
without
making
any
Reply
,
well
considering
,
that
whether
they
would
or
not
,
Necessity
without
his
Help
would
mannage
this
Affair
,
in
which
he
could
not
now
move
but
to
his
Disadvantage
;
and
so
it
happened
,
for
at
the
same
time
News
was
brought
them
,
by
those
who
were
sent
to
make
Discovery
,
that
the
Enemy
approached
with
a
most
formidable
Power
.
Whereupon
they
went
again
to
the
Council
,
where
some
were
of
Opinion
that
they
should
march
out
and
meet
the
Enemy
,
with
the
whole
Army
,
others
were
for
leaving
only
so
many
as
might
guard
the
Trenches
in
the
Camp
,
and
to
lead
the
rest
to
Battle
:
But
Bohemond
made
it
appear
on
the
contrary
,
that
neither
the
one
nor
the
other
of
these
Propositions
were
practicable
.
For
in
doing
the
first
they
raised
the
Siege
,
and
then
the
Town
would
infallibly
be
Relieved
;
that
in
following
the
second
,
they
must
needs
run
the
Hazzard
of
being
beaten
,
since
their
whole
Army
,
lessened
by
above
half
,
was
scarce
able
to
oppose
the
Forces
of
the
City
alone
.
Now
these
things
being
so
clear
,
and
that
there
was
no
Expedient
so
proper
to
draw
the
Army
out
of
so
pressing
and
manifest
a
Danger
,
all
the
Princes
except
Count
Raymond
,
found
it
more
agreeable
to
Reason
,
that
Bohemond
if
he
could
gain
it
,
should
be
Master
of
Antioch
,
than
that
they
should
all
be
affronted
by
losing
it
after
so
tedious
a
Siege
.
They
therefore
consented
,
that
provided
he
took
the
City
,
let
the
Way
be
what
it
would
,
every
one
should
relinquish
their
Interest
to
him
,
with
condition
that
the
Greek
Emperor
failed
in
his
part
of
the
Agreement
made
with
him
.
The
Prince
of
Tarentum
had
now
all
that
he
could
wish
,
for
Alexis
had
already
broke
his
Word
a
thousand
times
,
so
that
instantly
he
sent
to
Pyrrhus
,
to
acquaint
him
that
he
was
ready
to
put
the
Matter
in
Execution
according
to
those
Measures
which
he
should
himself
prescribe
,
and
to
desire
him
to
let
him
know
as
soon
as
it
was
possible
.
Pyrrhus
presently
sent
him
an
Answer
,
by
his
Son
,
who
was
to
be
the
Hostage
,
with
the
Order
which
was
to
be
observed
,
which
after
it
had
been
Communicated
to
the
Princes
,
was
executed
in
this
manner
.
He
gave
out
Orders
through
every
Quarter
of
the
Camp
,
that
the
Soldiers
should
be
ready
to
march
the
Morning
following
,
being
the
third
day
of
June
,
and
accordingly
at
high
Noon
he
marched
at
the
Head
of
the
commanded
Party
with
Trumpets
sounding
,
that
so
the
Besieged
taking
Notice
of
them
,
might
suppose
they
were
going
upon
some
Design
abroad
,
and
be
the
more
secure
of
any
thing
intended
against
them
at
home
;
but
towards
the
Evening
,
having
taken
a
long
Circuit
behind
the
Mountains
towards
the
South
,
he
turned
Head
,
and
taking
his
March
Westward
to
the
left
Hand
,
he
stopped
in
a
Valley
a
little
distance
from
the
Western
Gate
,
where
stood
one
of
the
Towers
which
was
to
be
put
into
his
Hands
:
From
thence
he
sent
sixty
of
the
most
resolute
Soldiers
with
a
Ladder
of
Ropes
,
of
the
length
which
Pyrrhus
had
directed
.
But
as
a
certain
Lombard
,
who
had
the
Signal
which
was
to
shew
that
Bohemond
and
Pyrrhus
were
met
,
was
about
to
give
it
,
there
followed
an
Accident
which
had
like
to
have
lost
all
.
The
Turks
who
were
ever
jealous
of
the
Christians
,
had
received
Advice
that
there
was
some
Treachery
hatching
in
the
Town
,
and
that
in
particular
there
was
some
Reason
to
suspect
Pyrrhus
:
Accien
who
was
resolved
to
clear
the
Matter
,
sent
for
him
,
as
was
customary
,
to
the
Council
,
where
this
matter
was
under
Debate
,
and
asked
his
Advice
,
to
see
whether
he
would
change
his
Countenance
,
and
so
betray
his
Guilt
of
such
a
Design
.
But
this
cunning
Man
perceiving
the
Intention
of
the
Turk
,
without
the
least
Hesitation
or
mark
of
Astonishment
replied
briskly
,
That
nothing
ought
to
be
neglected
upon
such
an
Occasion
,
and
that
he
had
thought
of
a
most
easy
and
certain
Expedient
to
hinder
so
great
a
Mischief
.
For
,
said
he
,
with
the
greatest
Assurance
imaginable
,
there
needs
no
more
but
to
change
the
Captains
who
command
at
the
Gates
and
in
the
Towers
,
to
break
all
the
Measures
of
those
who
may
have
entertained
any
Intelligence
with
the
Enemies
.
This
Expedient
which
appeared
so
proper
,
made
them
banish
the
Suspition
which
they
had
entertained
of
him
,
and
which
they
had
no
positive
Evidence
to
support
;
but
considering
that
such
a
Change
could
not
be
made
on
the
suddain
,
year
1098
as
Pyrrhus
had
well
foreseen
,
the
Execution
of
it
was
deferred
till
the
next
Morning
,
and
then
it
was
resolved
by
this
means
to
cure
the
Distrusts
which
they
had
of
the
Christians
,
and
thereby
to
quiet
the
Fears
of
the
People
;
however
Orders
were
given
to
those
who
went
the
Round
that
Night
,
to
acquit
themselves
of
their
Charge
with
all
the
Care
and
Circumspection
that
was
possible
.
Now
as
the
Lombard
began
to
speak
to
Pyrrhus
,
the
Captain
who
walked
the
Round
in
that
Quarter
came
by
,
with
one
carrying
a
Lanthorn
before
him
;
and
without
doubt
all
had
been
discovered
,
if
Pyrrhus
who
saw
him
coming
,
had
not
instantly
acquainted
the
Soldiers
with
it
,
and
ordered
them
to
fall
flat
upon
their
Bellies
.
After
which
the
Round
,
who
found
all
in
good
Order
,
being
passed
by
,
Pyrrhus
who
had
so
luckily
escaped
two
such
eminent
Dangers
,
having
perceived
the
Sign
of
Bohemond
,
threw
down
a
Cord
by
which
he
drew
up
the
Ladder
,
which
he
fastened
to
one
of
the
Battlements
of
the
Tower
:
The
sixty
Soldiers
being
now
gotten
up
,
Bohemond
who
was
advertised
by
the
Lombard
that
all
was
their
own
,
ran
with
the
rest
,
who
mounted
with
so
much
heat
,
and
in
such
a
Throng
,
that
the
Ladder
being
overcharged
pulled
down
the
Battlement
to
which
it
was
tied
,
which
with
its
Fall
crushed
some
of
the
Soldiers
;
but
this
did
not
hinder
,
but
that
the
Ladder
being
well
fastened
again
others
mounted
it
with
an
equal
Ardor
;
and
whilest
some
of
them
made
themselves
Masters
of
the
Towers
,
killing
all
the
Turks
which
they
met
,
others
broke
open
a
Sally-Port
by
which
Bohemond
entred
,
followed
by
the
rest
of
his
Troops
,
who
seizing
upon
the
Gates
,
by
break
of
day
the
whole
Army
was
without
Resistance
got
into
the
City
,
where
Bohemond
,
as
it
were
,
to
take
Possession
,
had
caused
his
Standard
to
be
planted
.
It
is
impossible
to
express
the
horrible
Consequences
of
this
Surprize
,
which
being
favoured
by
a
great
Wind
,
the
sleeping
Turks
had
scarcely
heard
the
Noise
which
the
Victorious
Army
made
in
their
Entry
.
All
went
down
indifferently
which
came
in
their
way
in
that
terrible
Tumult
,
the
very
Brother
of
Pyrrhus
was
slain
among
the
rest
,
being
unknown
,
and
which
was
most
deplorable
,
by
the
Hand
of
his
Brother
Pyrrhus
,
as
the
Archbishop
of
Tyre
writes
,
either
because
he
had
discovered
the
Design
,
or
because
he
opposed
it
;
but
this
is
contrary
to
the
positive
Evidence
of
all
those
who
were
present
,
who
affirm
that
Pyrrhus
was
most
sensibly
touched
with
this
Misfortune
,
which
was
wholy
to
be
attributed
to
Chance
;
however
Bohemond
did
what
he
could
to
Comfort
him
,
and
gave
order
for
the
Preservation
of
his
Family
,
and
of
all
the
Christians
,
who
to
distinguish
themselves
,
came
before
the
Conquerors
singing
the
Prayers
of
the
Church
.
The
greatest
part
of
the
Turks
were
killed
either
in
the
Houses
,
or
in
the
Streets
,
indeavouring
either
to
defend
themselves
by
sighting
,
or
save
their
Lives
by
flying
:
Few
there
were
who
saved
themselves
,
all
the
Gates
being
either
shut
or
possessed
by
the
Crusades
;
and
at
the
last
those
who
indeavoured
to
escape
over
the
Walls
,
or
who
to
fly
into
the
Castle
,
were
without
Mercy
put
to
the
Sword
.
The
unfortunate
Accien
,
whether
it
were
that
his
Fear
had
destroyed
his
Judgment
,
or
that
he
thought
thereby
to
hasten
the
Relief
,
or
that
he
feared
there
was
the
same
Treachery
in
the
Castle
,
fled
out
by
the
Gate
of
the
Plain
in
a
Disguise
,
and
having
hid
himself
in
a
little
Hut
,
he
was
discovered
by
some
Christians
of
Syria
and
by
them
slain
,
and
his
Head
presented
to
Bohemond
.
After
this
the
Soldiers
fell
to
Plunder
,
and
by
that
piece
of
Witchcraft
of
good
Fortune
,
which
makes
Men
in
Prosperity
too
commonly
to
forget
God
,
they
plunged
themselves
headlong
into
all
manner
of
Debauches
,
as
it
were
to
make
a
Recompence
to
those
great
Evils
they
had
suffered
by
a
long
Siege
by
committing
greator
:
But
God
that
he
might
punish
this
brutish
Ingratitude
,
permitted
them
to
fall
into
greater
and
more
insupportable
than
any
they
had
yet
indured
;
for
within
three
or
four
days
after
the
Town
was
taken
,
Corbagath
arriving
with
his
Army
,
and
having
put
what
Men
he
thought
good
into
the
Castle
,
to
attaque
the
Retrenchments
of
the
Christians
,
and
having
possessed
all
the
Avenues
,
and
made
himself
Master
of
all
the
Forts
which
the
Crusades
had
raised
,
he
Incamped
in
the
Plain
between
the
Orontes
and
the
Mountains
,
and
besieged
the
City
much
more
closely
than
it
was
before
.
So
that
there
remaining
but
little
Provision
in
the
Town
after
so
long
a
Siege
,
year
1098
and
the
time
being
too
little
after
it
was
taken
to
lay
in
more
,
and
impossible
to
get
any
into
the
Town
,
the
whole
Christian
Army
being
there
shut
up
,
the
Famine
in
a
little
time
was
so
great
,
that
the
ordinary
sort
of
Provision
being
spent
,
the
Christians
were
reduced
to
the
most
deplorable
Extremities
that
are
upon
Record
in
any
History
,
either
Sacred
or
Profain
.
Insomuch
that
many
did
every
Night
desert
,
and
ran
away
to
the
Enemies
,
or
climbing
over
the
Rocks
indeavoured
to
get
to
the
Ships
which
lay
in
the
Port
St.
Simeon
,
as
did
among
others
of
the
first
Quality
,
Alberic
and
his
Brother
William
de
Grandmenil
,
who
had
Married
the
Sister
of
Bohemond
,
the
Vicount
de
Melun
,
that
famous
William
the
Carpenter
,
who
thought
that
Famine
was
a
sufficient
Dispensation
for
the
Oath
which
he
had
taken
to
desert
no
more
.
The
Earl
of
Blois
feigning
himself
Sick
,
was
gone
two
days
before
the
Town
was
taken
,
and
joyning
himself
with
them
,
they
all
together
went
to
the
Camp
of
Alexis
,
who
was
coming
,
or
at
least
pretended
so
,
to
joyn
the
Crusades
;
and
there
they
made
all
appear
so
desperate
to
cover
their
own
ignomimous
Cowardice
,
that
that
treacherous
Prince
,
who
was
before
resolved
to
do
nothing
,
was
overjoyed
to
meet
with
so
fair
a
Pretence
to
alter
his
Course
and
march
back
again
to
Constantinople
.
In
short
,
Matters
went
so
very
far
,
that
the
Soldiers
half
mad
with
Despair
,
abandoned
all
sort
of
Care
of
their
own
Defence
,
so
that
Prince
Bohemond
,
who
Commanded
in
the
Town
,
was
forced
to
set
Fire
to
their
Houses
,
to
force
them
out
,
and
put
them
upon
Action
.
Things
being
reduced
to
this
deplorable
Extremity
,
it
is
strange
what
Power
Religion
hath
upon
the
Spirits
of
Men
,
and
how
in
a
Moment
it
will
raise
them
after
once
it
becomes
Master
by
the
power
of
a
strong
Perswasion
;
for
two
Priests
,
one
called
Stephen
,
the
other
Peter
Bartholomew
,
both
of
Marseilles
,
presented
themselves
before
the
Princes
to
acquit
themselves
of
a
Commission
,
which
they
assured
them
they
had
received
from
Heaven
.
The
first
said
,
That
at
his
Prayers
he
had
seen
Jesus
Christ
,
who
after
he
had
complained
of
the
Ingratitude
and
horrible
Crimes
of
the
Crusades
,
being
in
the
end
inclined
by
the
Intreaties
of
his
Mother
,
he
was
come
to
him
,
and
commanded
him
to
let
them
know
,
that
if
they
would
for
the
future
amend
and
turn
from
their
vicious
Ways
,
he
would
send
them
Succour
within
five
Days
.
The
second
affirmed
,
That
St.
Andrew
had
shewed
him
within
the
Church
of
St.
Peter
,
the
Place
where
they
might
find
the
Iron
of
the
Spear
that
pierced
the
Side
of
our
Lord
,
and
that
he
had
assured
him
that
this
Holy
Iron
should
be
a
certain
Pledge
of
the
approaching
Deliverance
of
the
Crusades
,
provided
they
repented
of
their
Sins
;
and
both
the
one
and
the
other
offered
themselves
to
the
Flames
to
confirm
the
Truth
of
what
they
had
declared
.
The
Bishop
of
Pavia
,
who
was
a
Person
of
a
clear
Insight
,
did
not
believe
these
kind
of
Visions
,
which
he
knew
were
generally
the
Effects
of
Forgery
or
Illusion
,
but
nevertheless
,
that
he
might
not
seem
to
neglect
any
thing
that
might
be
true
,
and
which
however
,
might
be
of
some
Service
to
them
,
he
obliged
the
Priests
to
Swear
upon
the
Holy
Evangelists
,
that
what
they
said
was
true
,
being
unwilling
to
have
Recourse
to
those
other
Proofs
,
which
had
nothing
in
them
of
the
Spirit
of
the
Church
,
and
not
thinking
it
agreeable
to
Religion
,
by
such
Methods
to
tempt
Providence
.
After
which
going
to
the
Place
which
the
Priest
directed
,
they
there
found
the
top
of
a
Spear
,
so
that
the
whole
Army
was
so
perswaded
of
the
Truth
of
these
Visions
,
and
that
Relique
,
that
no
body
durst
presume
to
make
any
Doubt
of
it
.
However
,
the
Belief
did
not
last
always
,
for
some
eight
or
nine
Months
after
,
as
they
were
at
the
Siege
of
a
certain
Town
,
where
they
had
recourse
to
this
Relique
,
which
was
most
curiously
preserved
by
Count
Raymond
,
a
Priest
who
was
the
Domestick
Chaplain
of
the
Duke
of
Normandy
,
and
a
knowing
Man
,
maintained
publickly
that
it
was
a
Counterfeit
,
that
the
true
Spear
had
been
long
ago
carried
to
Constantinople
,
and
that
the
Provencals
had
put
this
in
the
Place
where
it
was
found
,
only
on
purpose
to
please
their
Earl
.
Upon
which
the
whole
Army
was
divided
,
the
Priest
of
Marseilles
constantly
maintaining
that
he
was
ready
to
prove
the
Truth
of
his
Revelation
,
by
passing
the
Trial
of
the
Fire
,
which
in
Conclusion
the
Bishops
permitted
him
to
do
.
After
a
Fast
of
three
Days
,
therefore
,
a
great
Fire
was
made
,
year
1098
upon
which
they
bestowed
a
Solemn
Benediction
,
after
which
the
Provencal
taking
the
Iron
of
the
Spear
in
his
Hand
,
passed
,
excepting
his
Shirt
,
quite
Naked
through
it
,
but
for
all
the
hast
that
he
could
make
over
that
huge
Pile
,
in
the
sight
of
the
Army
,
who
were
scarce
able
to
indure
the
Heat
at
a
Distance
,
the
poor
Priest
,
who
was
a
silly
Man
,
and
credulous
of
his
Revelation
,
did
not
find
the
Success
answer
his
Expectation
.
It
is
true
he
came
out
from
the
midst
of
the
Flames
,
but
so
Roasted
without
,
and
Scorched
within
,
by
the
Vapor
of
the
Fire
which
he
sucked
in
with
his
Breath
,
that
within
twelve
days
he
died
in
most
exquisite
Torments
.
So
that
there
was
no
longer
that
Reverence
given
to
this
Iron
as
was
before
,
although
Count
Raymond
would
by
no
means
be
perswaded
to
abate
of
his
Devotion
towards
this
Relique
,
which
for
all
this
he
would
not
believe
to
be
False
;
not
thinking
this
Accident
of
the
Priest
,
which
went
something
too
high
,
was
a
sufficient
Argument
to
prove
the
Falsity
of
the
Vision
,
For
God
,
he
said
,
was
not
obliged
to
confirm
by
Miracles
,
what
he
was
pleased
to
reveal
to
Men.
But
however
,
the
Belief
which
was
so
firm
while
they
were
at
Antioch
,
that
this
was
the
real
Spear
which
was
Consecrated
by
the
Blood
of
Christ
Jesus
,
found
a
most
admirable
Effect
upon
the
Spirits
of
the
whole
Army
,
who
not
doubting
now
in
the
least
of
the
Protection
of
God
,
and
a
most
assured
Victory
,
most
eagerly
demanded
to
be
led
to
the
Combat
.
The
Princes
,
who
thought
it
very
convenient
to
make
use
of
this
Heat
,
sent
Peter
the
Hermite
with
an
Interpreter
to
Corbagath
,
to
offer
him
the
Combat
either
Man
to
Man
,
between
him
and
one
of
the
Princes
,
or
himself
,
and
a
certain
number
of
chosen
Soldiers
of
one
side
and
the
other
,
or
in
short
,
a
general
Battle
,
that
so
they
might
quickly
determine
the
Quarrel
between
them
:
And
in
the
mean
time
every
one
applied
himself
to
the
Work
of
Repentance
,
and
with
fervent
Prayers
to
implore
the
Heavenly
Aid
from
God
,
who
had
promised
it
upon
those
Conditions
.
The
Answer
which
Corbagath
returned
,
was
in
these
haughty
Terms
,
That
it
was
not
for
the
Vanquished
to
prescribe
Laws
to
the
Victor
,
That
it
could
not
be
long
before
he
should
have
them
with
Halters
about
their
Necks
,
and
that
it
would
be
in
his
Power
to
determine
their
Destiny
,
and
by
what
kind
of
Death
they
were
to
Dye
.
Peter
having
made
his
Report
to
the
Princes
,
they
only
acquainted
the
Soldiers
that
they
must
Fight
,
and
that
therefore
they
should
be
ready
to
march
against
the
Enemy
the
next
day
,
which
was
the
twenty
eighth
of
June
,
being
the
Eve
of
the
Apostle
St.
Peter
and
St.
Paul
.
This
Order
was
received
with
a
marvellous
Chearfulness
,
every
one
prepared
his
Arms
,
and
fell
to
his
Devotions
,
the
Bishops
and
Priests
Administred
the
Sacraments
of
Penance
and
the
Holy
Eucharist
all
that
Night
,
to
the
Principal
Officers
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
Soldiers
.
Upon
break
of
Day
the
Army
,
which
by
the
nine
Months
Siege
of
Antioch
,
was
reduced
to
less
than
one
half
,
issued
out
by
the
Bridge-Gate
,
divided
into
six
great
Batallions
,
which
followed
one
another
,
every
one
sustained
by
a
very
small
Squadron
of
Cavalry
,
for
that
the
greatest
part
of
the
Horses
were
dead
and
eaten
by
their
Masters
during
the
extream
Famine
,
and
who
this
day
were
therefore
constrained
to
serve
on
Foot
.
Hugh
the
Great
accompanied
with
the
Earl
of
Flanders
,
commanded
the
first
Body
,
the
great
Standard
of
the
Christian
Army
being
carried
before
him
.
One
shall
not
find
in
all
the
fabulous
Histories
of
the
feigned
Heroes
,
any
thing
comparable
to
the
Actions
of
this
brave
Prince
upon
this
Occasion
;
he
was
so
Meagre
and
Weak
by
reason
of
the
extream
Famine
which
he
had
indured
in
the
Siege
,
that
he
was
scarce
able
to
support
himself
,
insomuch
that
he
was
requested
by
the
other
Princes
to
stay
with
those
who
were
left
to
guard
the
Retrenchments
which
were
made
against
the
Castle
.
If
it
shall
please
God
,
said
he
,
I
will
never
lose
so
fair
an
Occasion
of
dying
Gloriously
for
the
sake
of
Jesus
Christ
.
I
will
this
day
Fight
at
the
Head
of
the
Army
;
and
I
shall
esteem
myself
extraordinary
Happy
to
be
of
the
number
of
those
,
who
,
by
a
Death
precious
in
the
Sight
of
God
,
and
full
of
Glory
in
the
Sight
of
Men
,
shall
gain
the
glorious
Crown
of
Martyrdom
.
In
short
,
he
was
the
first
that
marched
out
of
the
Town
,
and
who
gave
the
first
happy
Presage
of
the
Victory
,
by
cutting
in
pieces
two
thousand
Turks
,
who
were
advanced
out
of
the
Fort
to
hinder
the
Sally
.
Duke
Godfrey
led
the
second
Brigade
composed
of
Lorrainers
and
Germans
;
year
1098
The
Duke
of
Normands
followed
after
him
with
his
Body
.
After
him
the
Bishop
of
Pavia
with
his
Troops
which
were
increased
by
a
part
of
Count
Raymond's
,
who
being
sick
,
remained
in
the
Town
with
those
who
kept
the
Guard
against
the
Castle
.
Tancred
led
the
fifth
Batallion
,
and
the
sixth
was
conducted
by
Bohemond
.
There
was
little
need
of
saying
any
thing
to
inspire
the
Soldiers
with
Courage
,
who
were
already
prepossessed
with
so
advantagious
Imaginations
of
certain
Victory
.
A
little
pleasant
Dew
which
fell
upon
them
as
they
marched
out
,
increased
their
Belief
,
and
confirmed
them
in
an
Opinion
that
God
had
sent
it
for
their
Refreshment
,
and
to
give
them
an
Increase
of
Strength
.
And
in
effect
,
whether
there
was
any
thing
extraordinary
in
it
at
this
time
,
or
that
their
Imagination
impregnated
with
the
favourable
Visions
which
had
been
published
among
them
,
acted
more
powerfully
upon
their
Bodies
,
they
felt
themselves
strengthened
in
such
a
strange
manner
,
that
they
began
to
sing
,
and
with
a
mighty
loud
Voice
to
cry
,
It
is
the
Will
of
God
,
it
is
the
Will
of
God
,
and
made
no
manner
of
Scruple
but
that
they
were
going
to
a
most
assured
Victory
.
So
soon
as
all
the
Battalions
were
drawn
out
,
they
marched
Westward
,
to
that
Quarter
where
the
Mountains
abutted
upon
the
River
,
to
the
end
,
that
having
them
upon
their
Backs
they
might
not
be
surrounded
by
the
mighty
number
of
their
Enemies
;
after
which
making
a
half
turn
to
the
left
,
towards
the
North
,
where
the
Mountains
make
a
kind
of
Semicircle
,
they
divided
every
Batalion
into
two
,
thereby
forming
twelve
,
which
were
ranged
in
two
Lines
extending
a
great
length
,
thereby
to
possess
all
the
space
between
the
Mountains
and
the
Orontes
.
Hugh
the
Great
,
the
Earl
of
Flanders
,
and
the
Duke
of
Normandy
had
the
left
hand
towards
the
Mountain
which
covered
them
;
Godfrey
of
Bullen
was
on
the
Right
,
extending
himself
to
the
very
River
,
having
Eustace
his
Brother
to
sustain
him
,
together
with
the
Earls
of
St.
Paul
and
Toul
,
Baldwin
de
Bourg
,
Renaud
de
Beauvais
,
Valon
de
Chaumont
,
Erard
du
Puiset
,
and
Tancred
with
his
Brigade
.
The
Bishop
of
Pavia
was
in
the
middle
,
having
the
main
Body
of
the
Battle
,
with
the
Troops
of
the
Earl
of
Tholose
,
which
in
his
Absence
were
Commanded
by
the
Earls
of
Die
and
Rousillon
,
William
de
Montpellier
,
Gaston
de
Foix
Prince
of
Bearne
,
Amaneu
d'
Albret
,
Raymond
Viscount
of
Turene
,
Raimbaud
Earl
of
Orange
,
and
Peter
Viscount
de
Castellane
.
Raymond
de
Agiles
,
Canon
of
Pavia
,
writes
in
his
History
,
that
he
carried
the
Holy
Spear
before
his
Bishop
,
who
altho
he
was
Armed
for
his
own
Safety
,
yet
fought
no
other
way
than
by
his
Exhortations
,
by
his
Voice
and
Gesture
animating
the
Army
,
in
shewing
them
the
Sacred
Steel
.
He
also
adds
,
that
by
an
extraordinary
Wonder
,
which
ought
to
be
attributed
to
the
Faith
which
these
Soldiers
had
in
Christ
Jesus
,
whom
they
honoured
in
this
Spear
,
which
they
believed
was
Consecrated
by
his
Blood
,
not
one
Man
of
those
who
fought
in
that
Body
,
received
any
Wound
in
this
terrible
Day
.
Bohemond
Commanded
the
Body
of
Reserves
,
Composed
of
his
Batallion
,
which
was
the
strongest
of
them
all
,
there
being
divers
other
Troops
added
to
his
,
to
the
intent
that
he
might
send
Succor
to
any
of
the
rest
which
might
be
too
hard
pressed
by
the
Enemy
.
One
part
of
the
Clergy
which
came
out
of
the
City
in
Procession
at
the
Head
of
the
Army
,
was
placed
in
his
Quarter
,
to
implore
the
Aid
of
Heaven
during
the
Combat
,
the
other
which
were
barefooted
upon
the
Walls
,
displayed
the
Cross
and
the
Ensigns
towards
the
Army
,
continually
giving
them
their
Benediction
,
and
with
grievous
Groans
accompanied
with
the
lamentable
Cries
of
the
Women
and
Children
who
followed
them
,
begging
the
Almighty
Protection
of
God
against
the
wicked
Enemies
of
his
most
Holy
Name
.
In
the
mean
time
Corbagath
,
who
had
so
mightily
mistaken
the
Christian
Army
,
was
ingaged
in
a
Game
at
Chess
,
when
he
was
informed
by
a
Signal
from
the
Castle
that
they
were
issued
out
of
the
Town
,
and
finding
,
contrary
to
his
Opinion
,
that
they
made
Head
that
way
,
with
an
intention
to
sight
him
,
he
immediately
gave
out
all
necessary
Orders
for
the
receiving
of
them
.
For
he
instantly
sent
Soliman
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
with
him
of
Alepo
,
and
a
brave
Turk
,
whose
Name
was
Karieth
,
with
two
great
Bodies
of
Cavalry
and
Infantry
,
to
go
round
about
the
Mountain
upon
the
right
Hand
,
to
fall
upon
the
Rere
of
the
Christians
by
the
way
of
the
Sea-Coast
.
But
the
Princes
perceiving
it
sent
a
great
Detachment
composed
of
several
Troops
drawn
from
the
two
Wings
,
under
the
Command
of
Renaud
Earl
of
Toul
,
year
1098
to
stop
those
who
might
attack
them
on
that
Quarter
during
the
Combat
;
to
be
short
,
he
ranged
his
Army
partly
upon
the
Hills
which
he
possessed
with
his
Right
Wing
commanded
by
the
Emir
of
Jerusalem
,
and
partly
upon
the
Plain
which
in
that
place
inlargeth
it self
,
giving
a
very
good
Scope
to
extend
his
Batallion
which
was
commanded
by
his
Lieutenant
;
the
Left
Wing
where
he
had
placed
his
best
Troops
to
oppose
those
of
Godfrey
,
was
conducted
by
Bulgadis
the
Son
of
Accien
,
and
Balduc
Sultan
of
Samosatia
;
for
he
thought
that
these
two
Turkish
Princes
,
one
of
which
had
lost
his
Father
,
and
the
other
his
Estate
,
would
be
animated
more
than
any
of
the
rest
to
avenge
their
particular
Losses
by
sighting
more
vigorously
in
the
Common
Cause
.
As
for
himself
,
whether
it
were
that
his
Courage
failed
him
at
that
time
,
or
that
he
was
surprized
and
astonished
with
the
Prediction
of
his
Mother
an
old
Sorceress
of
above
an
hundred
years
of
Age
,
who
to
dissuade
him
from
this
War
,
had
informed
him
some
time
before
,
that
it
was
written
in
the
Stars
that
the
Christians
should
be
victorious
;
he
retired
with
a
very
puissant
Body
to
an
Eminence
which
was
upon
the
left
of
the
Christian
Army
,
under
Pretext
that
from
thence
he
might
best
be
able
to
discover
whither
to
send
his
Orders
and
necessary
Succours
upon
all
occasions
:
But
in
his
ill
Humour
wherein
he
was
to
see
the
Christians
in
so
different
a
Condition
from
what
he
believed
,
and
who
by
their
possessing
in
the
manner
of
their
drawing
up
the
whole
Plain
,
appeared
to
be
far
more
numerous
than
in
Reality
they
were
,
he
caused
the
head
of
a
Deserter
a
Renegade
to
be
out
off
,
for
that
he
had
assured
him
that
almost
all
the
Crusades
were
dead
with
Famine
,
and
that
those
who
remained
not
being
able
to
carry
their
Arms
,
would
never
come
out
of
the
Town
but
to
sly
away
.
The
Christian
Army
in
the
mean
time
marching
leisurely
,
more
animated
by
seeing
the
Spear
which
was
carried
up
on
high
before
Aymar
and
by
the
Priests
who
went
singing
of
Psalms
,
than
by
the
Trumpets
,
advanced
still
forwards
;
when
the
Infidels
,
according
to
their
Custom
making
a
hideous
Noise
with
their
Instruments
and
Barbarous
Shouts
,
extended
themselves
to
the
Right
and
Left
to
surround
the
Christians
,
making
at
the
same
time
such
a
Discharge
of
their
Arrows
as
for
some
Moments
obscured
the
very
Skie
;
but
this
did
very
little
Damage
the
Crusades
,
by
reason
that
a
great
Westerly
Wind
which
they
had
upon
their
Backs
,
drove
the
Arrows
back
again
upon
those
who
discharged
them
,
and
gave
at
the
same
time
more
Force
to
those
of
the
Christians
,
which
falling
among
the
thickest
Ranks
,
made
a
marvellous
Havock
upon
that
crouded
Multitude
,
where
scarce
any
one
Arrow
fell
in
vain
.
After
this
first
Charge
,
Hugh
the
Great
,
Robert
of
Flanders
,
the
Duke
of
Normandy
,
Baldwin
Earl
of
Henault
,
and
Anselm
de
Ribemond
,
without
giving
the
Enemies
the
Liberty
of
a
second
Discharge
,
or
so
much
as
to
draw
their
Cimiters
,
sell
in
furiously
with
their
Lances
couched
upon
their
right
Wing
,
where
the
French
,
the
Normans
,
the
English
and
the
Flemings
animated
by
the
Example
of
their
Chieftains
,
with
mighty
Blows
of
Lance
and
Sword
made
a
most
horrible
Execution
among
the
Barbarians
.
Godfrey
who
was
to
charge
the
bravest
of
the
Infidels
which
he
did
in
a
moment
after
,
combated
with
no
less
advantage
;
for
throwing
himself
like
Lightning
into
the
thickest
of
the
Enemies
Squadrons
which
composed
their
left
Wing
,
he
bore
down
all
that
opposed
him
with
the
prodigious
Force
of
his
Terrible
Sword
,
which
the
Saracens
trembled
at
as
if
he
had
been
Armed
with
a
Thunderbolt
.
The
Gascons
,
the
Bearnois
,
the
Spaniards
and
the
Provencals
of
Earl
Raymond
,
throwing
away
their
Cross-Bows
,
and
their
Arrows
,
with
which
they
had
before
done
mighty
Execution
,
pierced
into
the
main
Body
of
the
Battle
,
being
supported
and
followed
by
their
Cavalry
,
till
they
were
come
to
the
place
where
Hugh
and
the
two
Roberts
,
after
having
routed
the
Wing
which
opposed
them
,
were
arrived
,
turning
to
the
Right
to
fall
upon
the
Rere
of
the
Enemy
.
In
short
,
the
Right
Wing
fell
to
down-right
running
away
,
the
Left
began
to
stagger
,
and
the
main
Battle
was
in
Disorder
,
when
word
was
brought
to
Hugh
the
Great
and
to
Godfrey
,
that
Earl
Renaud
and
Prince
Bohemond
were
extremely
pressed
,
and
in
danger
of
being
defeated
if
they
had
not
present
Aid
.
year
1098
And
in
Truth
Soliman
who
had
marched
behind
the
Mountain
with
great
Diligence
was
entred
the
Plain
upon
the
West
,
and
had
attacked
Count
Renaud
,
who
was
advanced
to
oppose
him
,
but
with
Forces
very
unequal
in
their
Number
.
However
he
did
most
bravely
sustain
the
furious
Shock
of
so
many
Enemies
,
till
such
time
as
joyning
Artifice
with
Force
,
they
took
from
him
by
a
new
Stratagem
,
the
Means
either
to
attack
them
or
defend
himself
.
For
Soliman
who
had
observed
that
there
was
abundance
of
Hay
upon
the
Plain
,
had
caused
his
People
to
set
it
on
Fire
,
which
presently
raised
such
a
horrible
thick
Cloud
intermingled
with
Flame
and
Smoak
,
that
being
carried
by
a
strong
West
Wind
upon
the
Faces
of
the
Christians
,
it
covered
their
Enemies
,
who
all
the
while
poured
down
Showers
of
Mortal
Arrows
among
them
through
the
Cloud
of
Smoak
;
this
put
them
into
great
Disorder
,
the
Horse
being
neither
able
to
advance
through
the
Fire
and
Smoak
,
nor
to
indure
the
incessant
galling
of
the
Turkish
Arrows
whilest
they
stood
;
so
that
they
carried
their
Riders
among
the
Reserves
,
and
the
Foot
who
could
not
retreat
so
fast
,
remained
exposed
to
the
Fury
of
the
Enemies
.
There
were
not
however
above
three
hundred
Soldiers
slain
,
but
all
the
rest
were
either
taken
or
dispersed
,
for
Soliman
did
not
follow
the
Pursuit
,
but
according
to
his
first
Intention
advanced
to
fall
upon
the
Rere
of
Bohemond
,
whom
the
stout
Turk
Karieth
with
the
Sultans
of
Damascus
and
Alepo
who
had
now
also
entred
the
Plain
,
had
already
charged
upon
the
Flank
.
This
Valiant
Prince
upon
this
occasion
did
all
that
could
possibly
be
expected
from
the
Courage
or
Conduct
of
the
Greatest
Man
in
the
World
;
but
after
all
it
was
impossible
he
should
long
be
able
to
resist
so
many
Enemies
as
did
surround
him
,
if
the
Succours
which
he
had
desired
did
not
arrive
more
seasonably
.
Hugh
the
Great
was
the
first
that
came
in
to
his
Assistance
,
and
presently
observing
that
the
terrible
Turk
Karieth
did
the
greatest
Execution
and
encouraged
others
by
his
Example
,
he
made
one
blow
,
which
ought
to
render
the
Memory
of
this
great
Prince
a
Son
of
France
,
Immortal
;
and
in
Truth
our
own
Historians
in
my
opinion
have
not
done
him
all
the
Justice
which
is
his
due
,
and
which
History
never
refused
to
the
meanest
Souldier
who
behaved
himself
in
like
manner
upon
such
an
occasion
.
For
marking
out
this
Barbarian
in
the
middle
of
the
Turks
,
whom
he
was
encouraging
,
and
pushing
forwards
against
the
Christians
,
crying
to
them
with
a
loud
Voice
to
fall
on
,
he
ran
upon
him
with
his
Lance
couched
,
and
hitting
him
between
the
Curiass
and
the
Cask
,
it
passed
cross
his
Wind-pipe
,
and
cutting
off
one
Passage
of
that
furious
Voice
which
made
such
a
Horrid
Noise
,
opened
two
others
by
which
his
Blood
and
his
Life
flowed
out
together
.
Eudas
de
Baugeny
who
carried
the
Princes
Colours
,
fell
at
the
same
time
by
the
Stroak
of
a
Poisoned
Arrow
;
but
William
de
Beleme
the
Princes
Esquire
,
animated
by
the
Example
of
his
Master
,
threw
himself
into
the
Throng
of
the
Turks
,
who
endeavoured
to
take
it
,
and
killing
all
that
opposed
him
,
he
recovered
it
all
covered
with
their
Blood
,
and
shewed
it
to
the
Crusades
in
that
Condition
,
being
of
the
same
Colour
with
those
Crosses
which
they
wore
.
Godfrey
who
loved
this
Prince
Hugh
with
a
mighty
Tenderness
,
and
who
was
reciprocally
beloved
by
him
;
and
Tancred
whom
the
Danger
wherein
he
saw
his
Uncle
rendred
furious
,
being
in
this
time
come
in
with
their
Troops
,
the
Combat
was
renewed
with
more
Fury
than
before
;
but
it
lasted
not
long
,
by
reason
that
the
Enemies
utterly
unable
to
sustain
the
Force
of
so
many
Valiant
Princes
who
were
rejoyned
against
them
,
and
who
being
come
up
to
the
Throng
rendred
their
Bows
useless
,
and
their
Artificial
Fires
vain
,
they
now
fled
like
the
Smoak
towards
the
Mountains
,
leaving
in
the
Plain
new
Mountains
raised
by
the
Heaps
of
their
slain
Companions
.
The
Princes
immediately
facing
about
,
without
offering
to
pursue
them
,
returned
to
their
own
Party
,
who
were
still
hotly
disputing
with
those
to
whom
this
Diversion
had
given
new
Courage
;
but
that
Courage
was
quickly
cooled
by
the
Knowledge
which
the
Return
of
the
Princes
gave
them
of
the
defeat
of
their
Companions
;
and
they
who
before
were
not
able
to
resist
them
,
could
less
do
it
now
that
they
returned
Victorious
,
and
reinforced
by
the
Troops
of
Earl
Renaud
and
Bohemond
to
perfect
and
finish
the
Victory
.
It
is
said
that
there
were
seen
a
mighty
number
of
Cavaliers
in
White
Arms
,
who
seemed
to
descend
from
the
Mountains
to
assist
the
Crusades
.
Whether
it
were
so
in
Reality
,
year
1098
or
that
the
strong
Perswasion
which
some
might
have
of
Aid
from
Heaven
heightned
their
Imagination
to
represent
to
them
this
Prodigy
;
it
is
certain
that
the
Noise
ran
through
the
Army
,
that
the
Heavenly
Legions
were
descended
to
combat
in
Favour
of
the
Christians
,
under
the
Conduct
of
the
Soldier
Saints
and
Martyrs
Maurice
George
and
Demetrius
.
The
Bishop
of
Pavia
however
knew
so
well
to
make
good
use
of
this
Credulity
of
the
Army
,
that
therewith
he
animated
the
Soldiers
to
make
the
last
Effort
against
the
Insidels
,
who
now
on
every
side
beginning
to
stagger
immediately
upon
this
vigorous
Charge
turned
their
Backs
,
and
thought
of
nothing
but
how
to
save
themselves
by
Flight
.
There
was
between
the
Place
of
Battle
and
the
Enemies
Camp
a
little
Valley
divided
by
a
small
Rivulet
which
made
the
Passage
very
difficult
;
now
the
Turks
who
made
more
hast
than
the
Christians
,
having
passed
it
some
time
before
them
,
had
the
Leasure
to
rally
upon
the
Mountain
,
where
with
their
broken
Troops
they
formed
a
little
kind
of
a
new
Army
,
hoping
thereby
to
discourage
some
and
surprize
others
which
they
thought
would
follow
them
in
Disorder
.
But
Hugh
the
Great
with
his
French-Men
who
stuck
closely
to
him
,
having
first
passed
the
Valley
charged
them
so
Home
,
that
Tancred
and
the
rest
of
the
Princes
which
followed
him
being
now
come
up
,
before
they
could
recover
the
Disorder
of
that
brisk
Charge
,
cut
them
all
in
pieces
except
a
few
,
who
repenting
that
they
had
staid
so
long
,
found
no
small
trouble
to
regain
the
Advantage
which
their
first
slight
had
given
them
.
After
this
Corbagath
who
hitherto
had
not
quitted
the
rising
Ground
from
whence
he
had
with
sufficient
Cowardize
beheld
the
Combat
,
without
taking
the
least
share
in
it
,
seeing
that
all
was
lost
,
fled
at
full
Speed
towards
the
Euphrates
,
every
Hour
taking
fresh
Horses
,
and
never
looking
behind
him
till
he
was
got
to
the
further
side
of
that
mighty
River
.
As
for
the
rest
,
the
Christians
were
so
extreamly
weary
with
fighting
and
with
killing
,
that
the
Fugitives
had
a
great
advantage
to
escape
,
for
there
were
none
that
pursued
them
except
Tancred
,
who
gave
them
chace
for
about
two
Leagues
,
till
the
coming
on
of
the
Night
obliged
him
to
return
.
The
Enemies
lost
in
this
Battle
one
hundred
thousand
Horse
,
and
so
great
a
Number
of
Foot
that
it
was
not
possible
to
compute
them
,
and
which
was
most
remarkable
,
this
mighty
Victory
did
not
cost
the
Christians
above
four
thousand
Men
;
and
to
comfort
them
for
this
inconsiderable
loss
,
they
took
the
Camp
of
the
Infidels
which
was
full
of
inestimable
Riches
;
which
did
so
reestablish
the
Army
,
that
not
only
the
Princes
and
Lords
,
but
even
the
meanest
Soldiers
who
had
been
reduced
to
the
extremity
of
Misery
and
Poverty
,
found
themselves
in
much
a
better
Condition
,
and
beyond
Comparison
far
more
Rich
than
they
were
before
they
undertook
this
Voyage
;
and
that
which
compleated
the
Joy
was
,
that
the
Emir
to
whom
Corbagath
had
intrusted
the
Guard
of
the
Castle
,
instantly
surrendred
it
,
and
with
three
hundred
of
his
Men
turned
Christians
,
the
rest
having
Liberty
to
retire
whither
they
pleased
.
Thus
was
Antioch
taken
and
preserved
by
the
most
Memorable
Exploits
of
War
which
ever
were
performed
,
and
which
I
thought
my self
obliged
to
recount
with
all
its
Cicumstances
,
to
the
End
,
that
considering
the
Faults
which
the
Crusades
committed
,
and
the
fearful
Extremities
to
which
they
were
reduced
both
during
the
Siege
and
afterwards
,
the
Reader
may
be
satisfied
that
God
who
punishes
the
Offences
of
Men
by
his
Justice
,
and
pardons
them
in
his
Mercy
,
was
the
only
support
of
this
Enterprize
,
which
in
all
Humane
Probability
must
otherwise
have
been
most
unfortunate
;
so
much
doth
it
concern
mighty
Princes
who
make
great
Wars
,
to
make
it
the
Principal
Maxime
of
their
Policy
,
to
gain
Almighty
God
to
be
of
their
Party
,
and
that
by
returning
to
him
with
a
true
Conversion
of
their
Hearts
,
he
may
give
Prosperity
and
Success
to
their
Arms
,
without
which
they
must
expect
always
to
have
him
for
their
most
Dreadful
Adversary
.
After
this
great
Victory
,
of
which
the
Princes
gave
an
ample
Relation
to
Pope
Vrban
,
in
a
large
Letter
,
as
also
of
all
which
they
had
done
till
that
time
,
they
took
Care
of
resetling
Christian
Religion
in
Antioch
;
and
then
assembling
to
deliberate
concerning
the
Principal
Enterprise
,
which
was
that
of
Jerusalem
,
it
was
resolved
to
defer
it
to
the
first
of
November
by
reason
of
the
great
and
excessive
Heats
,
year
1098
as
also
to
give
the
Army
some
Repose
;
and
in
the
mean
time
,
to
remonstrate
to
the
Emperor
his
unworthy
Carriage
,
it
was
thought
fit
to
send
Hugh
the
Great
,
and
Baldwin
de
Mons
,
Earl
of
Henault
,
to
press
him
to
the
Conditions
which
he
had
sworn
to
fulfil
;
to
come
in
Person
instantly
and
joyn
his
Forces
with
those
of
the
Princes
,
if
he
expected
that
they
on
their
Part
should
keep
the
Oath
which
they
had
taken
.
Bohemond
himself
,
to
whom
all
the
rest
except
Count
Raymond
,
had
already
quitted
all
manner
of
Pretensions
to
Antioch
,
did
not
in
the
least
oppose
this
Resolution
,
by
reason
that
he
was
well
assured
that
all
this
Ceremony
would
produce
nothing
to
his
disadvantage
.
And
in
Truth
there
never
was
any
Ambassage
that
proved
more
unfortunate
.
The
Earl
of
Henault
perished
in
the
Way
,
and
it
was
never
precisely
known
what
happened
to
him
nor
what
was
become
of
him
,
though
there
was
a
currant
Report
,
that
he
was
either
taken
Prisoner
or
murdered
by
the
Greek
Soldiers
of
the
Garrison
of
Nice
.
Hugh
the
Great
after
he
had
treated
with
the
Emperor
,
deserted
the
Crusades
,
and
whether
he
had
taken
some
particular
Disgust
against
some
of
the
Princes
,
or
that
the
Divisions
which
he
foresaw
Ambition
would
produce
among
them
made
him
despair
of
any
good
Success
of
the
Voyage
,
or
that
some
particular
reason
of
Importance
obliged
him
to
return
to
France
;
it
is
certain
that
he
returned
from
Constantinople
in
so
abrupt
a
manner
,
that
it
hath
given
occasion
to
some
of
the
Writers
of
that
Time
to
speak
not
very
favourably
of
his
departure
.
And
for
the
Emperor
Alexis
,
as
he
knew
very
well
that
the
Princes
who
had
not
at
all
flattered
him
in
their
Ambassage
,
were
in
no
sort
satisfied
of
his
Honesty
or
good
Conduct
,
he
was
far
enough
from
going
to
Antioch
;
for
he
was
too
cunning
and
politick
not
to
govern
himself
by
that
Maxime
,
That
one
ought
alway
to
distrust
those
whom
they
have
abused
;
especially
when
they
have
discovered
the
Abuse
which
hath
been
put
upon
them
.
Now
after
all
this
,
the
Joy
of
having
thus
gloriously
triumphed
over
the
whole
Force
of
the
Sultan
of
Persia
,
was
mightily
damped
by
the
loss
of
that
great
and
good
Prelate
Aymar
de
Monteil
Bishop
of
Pavia
;
who
shortly
after
falling
sick
with
his
great
Fatigues
,
died
the
first
of
August
,
to
the
infinite
Trouble
and
Sorrow
of
all
sort
of
People
to
whom
he
was
for
his
incomparable
Qualities
deservedly
dear
;
and
indeed
never
were
there
seen
greater
Marks
of
Esteem
,
Tenderness
and
Grief
,
than
those
which
the
Princes
,
Soldiers
and
People
gave
upon
this
mournful
Occasion
.
Nor
was
it
long
before
it
appeared
by
the
Divisions
which
happened
among
the
Princes
to
the
hazzarding
the
loss
of
all
,
that
he
was
the
very
Soul
of
this
great
Body
,
who
by
his
Wisdom
and
Presence
kept
the
different
and
jarring
Humours
in
an
equal
Poise
and
Temperament
.
For
no
sooner
were
the
Princes
who
had
separated
during
the
Summer
,
reassembled
in
November
at
Antioch
according
to
Agreement
to
march
together
to
the
Conquest
of
Jerusalem
,
but
that
Bohemond
protested
openly
,
that
he
would
not
move
one
step
except
the
Earl
of
Tholose
put
the
Bridge-Gate
Fortress
into
his
Hands
,
and
one
of
the
Palaces
of
Accien
which
he
also
kept
.
The
Earl
,
doubtless
little
to
the
Purpose
,
alledged
the
Promise
made
to
the
Emperor
,
and
added
that
for
his
part
he
was
also
resolved
not
to
stir
till
Bohemond
surrendred
to
him
the
Castle
which
he
had
in
Antioch
.
There
was
a
great
deal
of
Trouble
at
the
last
to
gain
so
far
upon
them
,
as
to
condescend
that
lest
it
might
retard
the
Voyage
,
they
should
remit
their
Differences
to
the
Determination
of
the
Princes
after
the
taking
of
Jerusalem
.
But
this
forced
Accord
indured
not
long
;
for
these
two
Princes
,
who
were
advanced
with
the
first
with
their
Troops
,
besieged
and
took
by
Assault
the
great
and
strong
City
of
Marra
,
some
two
or
three
days
March
distant
from
Antioch
towards
Apamia
.
It
is
impossible
to
describe
the
Heat
which
transported
the
Soldiers
upon
this
occasion
,
who
carried
the
Town
without
expecting
the
Command
of
the
Generals
;
for
not
being
able
to
support
the
Insolence
,
the
Sacriledges
and
brutish
Impiety
of
the
Barbarians
,
who
to
despite
them
did
a
thousand
Indignities
to
the
Cross
which
they
had
planted
upon
their
Walls
,
the
Soldiers
ran
of
their
own
accord
to
the
Assault
with
so
much
Heat
,
Courage
,
and
indeed
Fury
,
that
undermining
the
Walls
and
Towers
,
plying
the
Engines
,
and
clapping
up
scaling
Ladders
on
all
Parts
at
the
same
time
,
they
vanquished
the
Infidels
notwithstanding
their
obstinate
Resistance
,
and
made
themselves
Masters
of
the
Town
.
year
1098
The
first
man
that
mounted
the
Walls
with
his
Sword
in
his
hand
was
Geoffry
dela
Tour
,
a
Gentleman
of
Limousin
.
Who
had
acquired
the
Reputation
throughout
the
whole
Army
of
being
a
most
undaunted
and
Valiant
man
as
was
in
the
World
,
as
he
had
made
evident
in
a
thousand
fair
Occasions
,
and
principally
in
one
,
which
this
History
cannot
omit
without
doing
injustice
to
the
Merit
of
so
brave
a
man
,
and
without
robbing
it self
of
one
of
its
fairest
Ornaments
.
One
day
going
out
upon
a
Party
as
he
frequently
did
,
he
heard
the
dreadful
roaring
of
a
Lyon
,
which
seemed
rather
to
be
a
crying
out
by
reason
of
some
Mishap
that
he
was
fallen
into
,
than
in
following
his
Prey
to
devour
it
;
the
Bold
Geoffry
who
by
the
Movement
of
his
natural
Generosity
,
always
went
without
a
Moments
Deliberation
the
Way
that
Danger
led
him
,
not
withstanding
the
Opposition
of
his
Companions
who
would
have
staid
him
,
broak
away
towards
the
next
Wood
,
and
ran
directly
to
the
Place
where
he
heard
the
Roaring
;
there
he
saw
a
horrible
Serpent
of
prodigious
Magnitude
,
who
having
wound
himself
about
the
Legs
of
a
Lyon
had
put
him
out
of
the
Condition
of
defending
himself
,
and
that
he
darted
redoubled
Blows
with
his
Tongue
to
kill
him
with
his
Poyson
.
He
was
touched
with
the
Danger
of
the
Lyon
,
and
without
thinking
that
in
delivering
him
,
he
must
give
him
the
Liberty
to
fall
upon
himself
,
he
struck
the
Serpent
such
a
Blow
with
his
Sword
,
that
he
killed
him
without
hurting
the
Lyon
,
and
after
that
cut
the
Wreaths
of
the
Serpent
with
which
he
was
entangled
;
so
soon
as
the
poor
Animal
saw
himself
at
Liberty
,
he
came
to
acknowledge
the
Kindness
,
and
in
the
most
expressive
manner
,
and
with
the
greatest
Submission
to
render
Thanks
to
his
Deliverer
;
for
he
couched
himself
down
and
licked
his
Feet
,
and
after
that
binding
himself
to
him
as
to
his
generous
Defender
to
whom
he
owed
his
Life
,
he
never
would
forsake
him
,
but
constantly
followed
him
,
like
as
a
Faithful
Dog
will
do
his
Master
,
without
offending
any
Person
except
his
Enemies
upon
whom
he
gave
him
a
Sign
to
fall
.
For
the
Lyon
went
ever
with
him
to
the
Combat
and
the
Chase
,
and
never
failed
to
provide
his
Master
of
Venison
.
But
that
which
is
most
admirable
is
,
that
the
Master
of
the
Vessel
upon
which
Geoffry
returned
into
France
after
the
Crusade
,
refusing
to
take
his
Equipage
aboard
,
and
amongst
them
the
Lyon
who
followed
his
Master
,
the
poor
Beast
unable
to
support
the
Separation
from
his
Benefactor
,
taking
the
Sea
,
so
long
as
his
Strength
lasted
swam
after
the
Ship
,
till
at
last
he
was
drowned
.
A
marvellous
Instruction
of
Nature
,
and
Reproach
to
Mankind
,
whilest
it
shews
them
that
Lyons
have
done
more
than
once
that
for
their
Masters
,
by
the
Instinct
of
natural
Gratitude
,
than
men
can
be
perswaded
to
by
all
the
Force
of
Reason
;
and
that
Ingratitude
which
is
so
common
among
men
,
defacing
the
fairest
Character
of
Humanity
,
should
not
be
found
in
the
most
Savage
Creatures
,
whom
the
Charms
of
good
Offices
have
devested
of
their
natural
Fierceness
towards
their
Benefactors
.
But
to
return
to
our
History
,
The
taking
of
Marra
revived
the
sleeping
Quarrel
between
the
Earl
of
Tholose
and
the
Prince
of
Tarentum
.
For
the
Earl
pretended
to
dispose
of
this
Place
as
he
had
done
before
of
Albaria
and
Rugia
,
upon
which
he
had
seized
during
the
Summer
:
but
Bohemond
who
thought
there
was
no
manner
of
Reason
that
Raimond
should
do
that
here
,
which
he
would
not
suffer
to
be
done
at
Antioch
,
opposed
him
stoutly
;
and
in
the
Dispute
they
so
heated
one
the
others
Spirits
,
that
the
Tarentine
thinking
he
had
Reason
to
do
the
same
on
his
part
,
returned
,
and
immediately
drove
out
all
the
Earls
Forces
out
of
the
Forts
which
they
held
at
Antioch
.
The
Princes
themselves
could
in
no
fort
disapprove
of
this
Procedure
,
which
they
found
to
be
but
reasonable
,
especially
after
having
discoursed
Raimond
at
Rugia
between
Marra
and
Antioch
,
they
found
it
impossible
to
perswade
him
to
hear
Reason
,
which
obliged
them
to
leave
him
and
return
to
Antioch
.
Thus
the
great
Design
of
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
,
which
all
the
Forces
of
the
Infidels
had
not
been
able
to
hinder
,
seemed
in
a
manner
to
be
ruined
by
this
Difference
between
two
Persons
,
otherwise
reputed
extraordinary
Virtuous
,
and
as
wise
as
any
of
that
Age.
So
that
we
may
see
that
Wisdom
and
Reason
instantly
lose
all
their
Authority
,
when
once
Passion
by
the
Heart
seizing
upon
the
Mind
makes
herself
Mistress
there
.
year
1098
But
God
who
was
the
Chief
in
this
Enterprize
,
repaired
that
by
the
Zeal
of
the
feeble
and
the
little
ones
,
which
was
in
Danger
of
being
ruined
by
the
Great
and
the
Wise
men
of
the
World
.
For
the
Soldiers
of
Count
Raymond
,
who
on
one
side
suffered
extremely
for
want
of
Provisions
after
they
had
been
one
Month
at
Marra
,
and
on
the
other
hand
had
a
passionate
Desire
to
atchieve
the
Conquest
of
Jerusalem
,
thought
that
the
Ambition
of
the
Earl
was
the
only
Obstacle
,
who
after
the
Example
of
Bohemond
,
endeavoured
to
establish
his
own
Fortune
in
these
Conquests
,
as
the
other
had
done
in
Cilicia
during
the
Summer
.
And
therefore
making
an
Insurrection
while
the
Conference
was
at
Rugia
,
they
threw
down
all
the
Walls
of
Marra
,
thereby
to
take
away
from
the
Earl
the
Temptation
which
he
might
have
to
keep
it
and
stay
there
;
and
more
over
after
his
Return
they
protested
,
that
if
he
would
not
immediately
march
in
the
Head
of
them
towards
Jerusalem
,
they
would
chuse
another
Captain
who
they
were
assured
would
lead
them
;
that
they
were
resolved
to
accomplish
their
Vow
,
and
that
they
did
not
believe
they
should
find
themselves
alone
,
or
abandoned
by
the
other
Princes
.
Raimond
extremely
surprised
at
this
Resolution
,
and
fearing
in
Truth
that
he
should
be
wholly
deserted
by
his
own
,
as
he
was
already
by
the
others
,
his
first
Zeal
which
had
been
so
weakened
by
his
Jealousie
against
the
Prince
of
Tarentum
,
began
afresh
to
flame
in
his
Soul
,
by
seeing
that
of
his
Soldiers
,
like
a
Torch
that
is
just
ready
to
be
extinguished
at
the
Approach
and
Touch
of
another
.
In
Conclusion
he
presently
altered
his
Resolution
,
and
setting
fire
to
Marra
to
shew
that
he
had
quitted
all
Pretensions
to
it
,
upon
the
Thirteenth
of
January
he
marched
out
barefoot
in
the
Posture
of
a
Penitent
,
by
that
Humiliation
to
repair
the
Scandal
which
he
had
given
to
his
Soldiers
,
who
had
justly
accused
him
of
Ambition
.
He
was
followed
with
an
incredible
Chearfulness
of
his
whole
Army
,
who
made
no
Scruple
seeing
him
in
this
Estate
,
but
that
he
had
taken
up
the
same
Fervor
which
he
had
so
well
witnessed
in
being
the
first
Person
who
took
upon
him
the
Cross
,
and
who
upon
all
Occasions
was
wont
to
animate
others
by
his
Example
and
Perswasion
to
embrace
it
with
the
same
Zeal
.
And
God
also
was
pleased
to
bless
this
generous
Action
,
for
Robert
Duke
of
Nomandy
,
and
Prince
Tancred
being
advertized
of
this
News
,
immediately
parted
from
Antioch
,
whilest
the
other
Princes
prepared
to
follow
,
and
joyned
him
at
Capharda
where
he
had
posted
himself
after
he
had
quitted
Marra
,
taking
the
right
hand
Way
toward
the
Sea
.
year
1099
The
taking
of
Antioch
,
and
the
great
Victory
which
they
had
obtained
over
the
Turks
,
the
Persians
and
Arabians
,
had
so
filled
all
Syria
,
Phenicia
and
Palestine
with
the
Terror
of
the
Christian
Arms
,
that
most
of
the
Emirs
who
held
any
Places
in
those
Provinces
under
the
Sultans
of
Persia
or
Babylon
and
Egypt
,
sent
their
Ambassadours
with
rich
Presents
to
the
Princes
,
to
desire
their
Friendship
and
Protection
,
promising
to
pay
them
Tribute
,
and
furnish
them
with
Provisions
in
their
Passage
.
Now
in
Regard
the
Principal
Design
was
to
go
immediately
to
Jerusalem
,
and
to
leave
the
Conquest
of
the
rest
till
that
was
taken
,
the
Princes
thought
fit
to
accept
their
Offers
;
only
the
Emir
of
Tripelis
was
refused
;
for
Earl
Raymond
perswaded
them
to
besiege
Arcas
by
Reason
of
the
Advice
which
he
received
from
some
Christians
who
were
detained
Prisoners
at
Tripolis
,
that
it
would
either
easily
be
taken
,
or
that
the
Emir
to
obtain
Peace
would
compound
with
them
for
a
mighty
Sum
of
money
,
and
likewise
restore
them
to
their
Liberty
.
Arcas
,
which
others
call
Archis
,
was
a
very
strong
Town
situate
upon
a
Hill
some
two
Leagues
from
Tripolis
,
and
one
from
the
Sea
,
in
the
middle
of
a
most
beautiful
and
fertile
Plain
which
extends
it self
along
the
Lebanon
and
Antilebanon
to
the
Sea
shore
.
The
Earl
who
thought
to
carry
it
presently
,
assaulted
it
the
eleventh
day
of
February
,
but
the
Emir
having
placed
in
it
a
very
strong
Garrison
he
was
repulsed
and
constrained
to
besiege
it
,
which
he
did
to
no
purpose
for
three
months
,
losing
before
it
a
great
Number
of
Valiant
Men
,
and
amongst
the
rest
Anselm
de
Ribemont
descended
from
the
Ancient
Earls
of
Valenciennes
,
and
Chastelain
of
that
City
,
one
of
the
most
renowned
among
the
Crusades
;
and
the
Accident
by
which
it
happened
being
altogether
extraordinary
,
it
well
deserves
a
particular
place
in
this
History
.
year
1099
This
brave
Lord
being
one
Night
about
to
go
to
Bed
having
fought
stoutly
all
that
day
,
he
saw
his
excellent
Friend
the
young
Engelram
the
Son
of
the
Earl
of
St.
Paul
,
who
a
little
before
was
slain
at
the
Siege
of
Marra
,
enter
into
his
Tent.
Now
Anselm
who
had
an
undaunted
Soul
,
and
to
whom
the
Sight
of
his
Friend
gave
an
extraordinary
Joy
,
And
how
now
my
dear
Engelram
,
said
he
,
without
being
at
all
disordered
,
are
you
still
alive
,
whom
I
saw
dead
at
Marra
?
Those
,
replyed
Engelram
,
who
finish
their
Lives
in
the
Service
of
Jesus
Christ
,
never
die
.
But
how
comes
it
,
Said
Anselm
,
that
I
see
you
now
incomparably
more
beautiful
than
you
were
before
?
Look
,
replyed
Engelram
,
shewing
him
a
most
admirable
Structure
in
Heaven
,
look
there
,
and
see
the
Brightness
and
the
Beauty
of
that
Palace
;
it
is
from
thence
that
I
have
what
you
so
much
Admire
in
me
.
And
further
,
added
he
,
seeing
him
transported
with
the
Admiration
of
that
Beautiful
Palace
,
I
am
to
acquaint
you
,
that
there
is
one
far
more
Glorious
preparing
for
you
.
Adieu
till
to
Morrow
.
And
thereupon
he
presently
disappeared
.
Early
the
next
Morning
Anselm
,
having
made
his
Servants
send
for
the
Priests
,
he
received
the
Sacraments
,
and
very
pleasantly
said
to
his
Friends
,
that
they
should
not
be
surprized
at
what
he
was
to
tell
them
,
but
that
though
now
they
saw
him
in
perfect
Health
,
yet
assuredly
he
should
die
that
day
,
and
thereupon
he
related
to
them
what
he
had
seen
the
Night
preceding
before
he
went
to
sleep
.
And
the
Event
verified
his
Prediction
;
for
the
Enemy
making
a
furious
Sally
,
Anselm
who
never
failed
upon
such
an
Occasion
,
ran
thither
with
his
Sword
in
his
Hand
,
when
a
Stone
which
was
discharged
from
an
Engine
,
hitting
him
upon
the
Head
,
sent
him
instantly
to
that
Beautiful
Palace
which
Engelram
told
him
was
preparing
for
him
in
the
Heavens
.
Now
in
Regard
that
he
who
recounts
this
extraordinary
Accident
,
affirms
upon
his
Salvation
that
he
faithfully
writ
what
he
saw
himself
,
and
that
besides
,
one
cannot
reasonably
accuse
so
brave
a
Man
as
this
famous
Earl
of
Bouchain
and
Ribemont
,
as
guilty
of
so
much
Weakness
,
as
to
make
him
pass
for
a
Visionary
Extravagant
,
I
cannot
believe
there
is
the
least
Place
for
calling
in
Question
the
Truth
of
this
Relation
.
And
from
hence
our
Brave
Men
may
draw
an
Excellent
Instruction
,
and
learn
that
in
making
a
Christian
War
,
whether
it
be
against
Infidels
,
or
Hereticks
,
or
whether
it
be
in
Obedience
to
their
own
Prince
who
is
only
responsible
to
God
for
the
Justice
of
his
Arms
,
which
the
Subjects
have
no
Authority
to
examine
,
there
is
such
an
Insinite
Glory
in
Heaven
to
be
acquired
by
their
Courage
on
Earth
,
that
they
ought
to
expose
their
Lives
with
all
imaginable
Frankness
,
to
all
sorts
of
Dangers
and
Death
it self
.
After
this
all
the
Advantage
that
was
gotten
during
this
Siege
before
the
Arrival
of
the
other
Princes
,
was
,
that
Raymond
Viscount
of
Turenne
,
having
with
him
the
Viscount
de
Castellane
,
the
Lord
Albret
,
and
ten
or
twelve
other
principal
Gascons
and
Bearnois
with
about
one
hundred
Horse
and
two
hundred
Foot
took
Torlosa
,
in
old
Time
called
Antaradus
,
a
fair
and
great
Town
upon
the
Coast
over
against
the
Isle
of
Aradus
,
six
or
seven
Leagues
from
Arcas
towards
Antioch
.
He
thought
to
have
taken
it
by
Surprize
;
but
that
Design
did
not
thrive
,
by
reason
he
had
so
small
a
Number
of
Men
,
wherefore
in
the
Night
,
at
the
side
of
a
Wood
which
was
in
View
of
the
City
he
caused
such
abundance
of
Fires
to
be
made
,
that
the
Inhabitants
taking
his
Party
to
have
been
the
Van
of
the
Army
,
and
that
all
the
rest
was
now
come
up
to
assault
them
the
next
day
,
they
fled
away
that
Night
,
so
that
the
Viscount
entred
it
the
next
Morning
without
Resistance
,
and
there
found
so
rich
a
Booty
as
rejoyced
the
whole
Army
.
This
Valiant
Viscount
was
the
Chief
of
that
Illustrious
House
of
Turenne
,
which
in
Conclusion
about
two
hundred
years
since
happily
fell
into
that
de
la
Tour
d'
Avergne
,
which
by
taking
up
the
Name
hath
restored
it
not
only
to
its
first
Splendor
,
but
hath
also
advanced
it
by
an
other
Viscount
Turenne
to
the
highest
pitch
of
Honor
to
which
it
could
aspire
.
This
is
he
who
after
having
done
so
many
fair
Actions
in
commanding
the
French
Armies
in
Italy
,
in
Germany
and
Flanders
,
as
beyond
Contradiction
have
given
him
the
Reputation
of
a
most
accomplished
Captain
,
came
to
add
to
the
Heap
of
his
Glories
the
Execution
of
his
Kings
Commands
in
this
last
Campagne
,
and
who
may
well
be
celebrated
as
the
chief
Engineer
of
the
Military
Art
,
year
1099
and
Master
of
all
those
great
Qualities
which
are
requisite
in
the
Character
of
the
most
compleat
General
of
an
Army
,
all
which
are
so
conspicuous
in
him
,
as
justly
render
him
one
of
the
most
admired
,
able
,
brave
,
and
eminent
Generals
,
even
in
the
Opinion
of
the
Confederates
his
Enemies
.
And
certainly
,
it
will
be
difficult
to
find
any
thing
more
admirable
than
the
War
of
this
Campagne
,
of
more
than
ten
Months
Continuance
,
wherein
he
by
his
sole
Presence
,
and
the
terror
of
his
Name
,
not
only
stopped
the
Course
of
the
greatest
Army
of
his
Enemies
,
and
hindred
them
from
entring
into
the
Provinces
,
whilest
in
the
mean
time
the
King
finished
his
Conquests
;
but
also
in
Conclusion
,
won
two
Battles
,
one
on
this
,
the
other
on
the
further
side
of
the
Rhine
,
constraining
them
in
Disorder
to
retire
as
far
as
the
River
of
Mein
;
and
after
that
terrible
Inundation
of
sixty
thousand
Germans
had
thrown
themselves
over
the
Bridge
of
Strasbourg
into
Alsatia
,
he
there
gave
them
the
Diversion
of
weakening
themselves
by
Famine
and
Sickness
;
after
which
,
in
the
very
Heart
of
Winter
he
marched
against
them
over
the
Mountains
and
the
mighty
Snows
,
and
there
either
cut
in
pieces
,
and
dispersed
,
or
made
Prisoners
their
forwardest
Troops
in
three
Combats
;
and
in
Conclusion
,
obliged
the
rest
,
which
he
had
reduced
to
one
half
of
what
passed
the
Bridge
,
to
repass
it
with
so
much
Precipitation
and
Shame
,
that
to
save
themselves
in
their
own
Country
,
they
would
not
give
him
the
Opportunity
to
Attacque
them
.
Thus
it
was
that
he
sustained
the
Glory
of
that
illustrious
Name
,
and
rendred
that
of
Turenne
far
more
glorious
than
it
was
in
the
first
Crusade
,
after
that
Viscount
Raymond
alone
took
so
great
a
City
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Duke
Godfrey
,
Earl
Eustace
,
and
Robert
Earl
of
Flanders
,
who
Marched
in
the
month
of
March
,
with
their
Armies
in
very
good
Condition
,
Besieged
Giblet
,
otherwise
called
Gabala
,
a
Town
upon
the
Sea
between
Tortosa
and
Laodicea
;
but
being
requested
by
the
Earl
of
Tholose
to
come
to
his
Assistance
upon
the
Rumor
which
he
had
cunningly
raised
,
that
a
great
Army
of
Saracens
were
advancing
to
Assail
him
;
they
accepted
the
Terms
which
the
Governor
offered
them
to
obtain
a
Peace
,
and
came
instantly
before
Arcas
,
where
they
found
no
other
Enemies
to
Combat
with
,
but
those
who
were
within
the
Town
,
who
made
a
very
brave
Defence
.
But
the
two
Ambassages
which
the
Princes
received
shortly
after
,
determined
the
Siege
which
had
been
maintained
so
long
.
For
during
the
Siege
of
Antioch
,
they
had
sent
their
Ambassadors
to
Babylon
,
with
those
of
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
to
conclude
with
him
that
Alliance
which
he
had
desired
,
and
which
was
condescended
unto
upon
Condition
that
he
should
joyn
his
Arms
with
those
of
the
Christians
;
That
Jerusalem
with
all
its
Dependancies
,
should
be
put
into
the
Hands
of
the
Christians
;
That
he
should
have
such
other
Places
as
should
be
regained
from
the
Turks
who
had
usurped
them
from
him
;
and
that
the
rest
should
be
divided
among
them
:
But
the
great
Overthrow
of
Corbagath
,
which
that
Prince
understood
some
time
after
,
made
him
change
his
Resolution
;
for
now
he
imagined
that
he
might
make
his
Advantage
of
this
Victory
of
the
Christians
,
and
that
it
would
give
him
the
Opportunity
,
if
he
knew
how
to
manage
it
,
to
recover
that
by
himself
,
which
he
could
expect
to
have
but
a
part
of
if
he
joyned
with
the
Christians
.
He
knew
very
well
that
their
Army
was
extreamly
weakned
by
the
long
Sieges
,
Diseases
,
and
Combats
,
which
they
had
indured
;
and
that
the
Emperor
Alexis
was
so
far
from
sending
them
any
Reinforcements
,
that
he
urged
him
incessantly
to
take
Arms
against
them
,
as
appeared
plainly
after
the
Battle
of
Ascalon
,
when
the
Letters
which
this
perfidious
Prince
had
written
to
him
upon
this
Subject
,
were
found
in
the
Sultans
Cabinet
:
And
in
short
,
He
was
strongly
possessed
with
the
Belief
that
the
Turks
were
so
drained
both
of
Men
and
Mony
,
that
they
were
almost
intirely
ruined
,
and
could
not
possibly
after
such
horrible
Losses
,
be
in
any
Condition
to
Oppose
him
with
considerable
Force
.
And
therefore
whilest
they
were
under
the
Astonishment
of
their
Overthrow
,
and
that
the
Princes
spent
their
time
about
Antioch
,
either
in
Diversions
,
or
in
taking
little
Places
,
or
that
which
was
far
worse
,
in
vain
Contests
,
he
sent
a
considerable
Army
into
Palestine
,
where
he
took
the
greatest
part
of
the
Cities
,
and
Jerusalem
it self
,
which
for
a
Sum
of
Mony
was
surrendred
unto
him
by
the
Governor
,
year
1099
who
saw
himself
out
of
all
hope
of
Relief
.
After
this
,
when
he
knew
that
the
Princes
were
in
Phenicia
,
he
sent
back
their
Ambassadors
,
which
he
had
detained
above
a
Year
,
and
joyned
with
them
his
own
,
who
were
to
acquaint
the
Princes
,
That
having
made
himself
Master
of
Jerusalem
,
which
of
right
belonged
to
him
,
he
did
not
think
himself
bound
in
Justice
to
put
it
into
their
Hands
;
but
nevertheless
,
if
the
Christians
thought
good
to
visit
the
Sepulchre
,
they
might
do
so
,
provided
they
did
not
come
in
greater
Numbers
than
two
or
three
Hundred
;
and
that
they
came
as
simple
Pilgrims
,
without
any
Arms
,
and
returned
immediately
so
soon
as
they
should
have
finished
their
Devotions
.
The
Princes
filled
with
Indignation
at
this
Insolence
of
a
Barbarian
,
thought
fit
to
treat
him
with
Disdain
,
and
therefore
only
smiling
at
his
extravagant
Proposition
,
they
instantly
dispatched
his
Ambassadors
to
him
,
with
Order
to
let
him
Understand
,
That
they
were
not
to
be
treated
like
Fools
or
Slaves
,
but
like
his
,
and
the
Conquerors
of
the
whole
East
,
and
that
if
he
did
not
immediately
Surrender
Jerusalem
upon
this
Demand
,
they
knew
very
well
how
to
take
it
from
him
,
in
despight
of
all
the
Power
of
his
Empire
,
of
which
they
made
so
very
little
Account
,
that
after
they
had
taken
it
,
he
might
expect
the
severest
Punishment
due
to
his
dishonorable
Perfidy
,
and
from
which
he
would
find
,
the
proud
Walls
of
Babylon
,
where
he
thought
himself
so
secure
,
should
not
be
able
to
protect
him
.
Not
long
after
this
,
the
Princes
gave
Audience
to
the
Ambassadors
of
Alexis
,
who
were
sent
from
him
to
Complain
,
that
contrary
to
the
Promise
of
the
Princes
,
Bohemond
kept
Antioch
,
of
which
he
pretended
to
be
Prince
,
and
also
to
desire
them
to
stay
for
him
till
July
,
when
he
would
come
and
joyn
them
with
a
puissant
Army
,
and
all
kinds
of
Provisions
,
that
so
they
might
together
,
more
commodiously
besiege
Jerusalem
.
Earl
Raymond
,
who
preserved
still
some
little
Remains
of
his
Aversion
to
Bohemond
,
and
who
feared
that
they
would
raise
the
Siege
of
Arcas
,
which
he
had
given
a
Suspicion
,
that
like
Bohemond
,
he
designed
also
to
keep
for
himself
,
was
of
opinion
that
it
was
fit
to
satisfie
the
Emperour
,
and
to
wait
his
coming
before
they
undertook
the
Siege
of
Jerusalem
.
But
all
the
others
,
who
saw
through
the
Artifice
of
the
Emperour
,
who
had
no
other
thoughts
but
to
impose
upon
them
,
answered
his
Ambassadours
,
That
Alexis
having
upon
all
Occasions
acted
directly
contrary
to
his
Promises
,
they
thought
themselves
absolutely
discharged
from
the
Obligations
of
theirs
;
that
Bohemond
possessed
Antioch
with
the
greatest
Justice
,
all
the
other
Princes
having
yielded
it
to
him
;
as
for
the
rest
,
that
which
had
already
passed
,
answered
for
what
was
to
be
expected
from
him
,
and
that
they
would
no
longer
regard
his
Word
,
which
he
had
with
so
little
Honour
so
often
Violated
;
and
that
they
were
resolved
immediately
to
advance
without
him
towards
Jerusalem
,
in
order
to
the
Accomplishment
of
their
Religious
Vow
.
In
short
,
a
few
days
after
,
having
gained
a
great
Victory
over
the
Emir
of
Tripoly
,
who
had
the
Confidence
to
sally
out
and
give
the
Christians
Battle
,
they
granted
him
Peace
at
his
Earnest
Solicitation
,
notwithstanding
that
the
Earl
of
Tholose
with
a
strange
Obstinacy
,
did
all
that
lay
in
his
power
to
oppose
it
;
but
with
little
Effect
,
more
than
the
Displeasure
which
he
had
to
see
himself
forsaken
of
all
his
People
,
who
,
as
did
all
the
rest
,
demanded
with
an
incredible
Ardor
,
without
delaying
about
these
other
Places
,
to
be
lead
immediately
to
Jerusalem
.
The
Conditions
which
these
Victorious
Princes
made
with
so
much
Honor
and
Advantage
with
the
Tripoline
,
were
these
,
That
leaving
to
the
Emir
Tripolis
,
Arcas
,
and
Biblis
,
which
were
under
his
Government
,
he
should
pay
down
a
large
Sum
of
Mony
,
and
furnish
the
Army
with
Horses
,
Apparel
,
and
Provisions
;
That
he
should
set
at
Liberty
three
hundred
Prisoners
who
had
been
taken
during
the
Siege
of
Antioch
;
and
that
if
they
took
Jerusalem
he
should
become
their
Tributary
,
and
turn
Christian
.
This
Treaty
was
concluded
the
thirteenth
day
of
May
;
and
after
the
Repose
of
three
or
four
days
about
Tripolis
,
the
Army
put
themselves
upon
their
March
,
leaving
Mount
Libanus
upon
the
Left
,
and
with
good
Guides
following
the
Sea-Coast-Way
,
that
so
they
might
be
the
more
easily
Accommodated
by
the
Fleet
,
which
consisted
of
Venetians
,
Genoese
,
Pisans
,
and
the
Pyrate
Vinimarc
,
who
coasted
all
along
with
them
.
year
1099
After
having
in
three
days
March
happily
passed
the
dangerous
Straits
,
where
but
a
very
few
People
might
have
stopped
their
Passage
,
they
descended
into
the
Plain
of
Beritus
,
at
present
called
Baruth
;
and
from
thence
passing
over
the
Regions
of
Sidon
,
Sarepta
,
and
Tyre
,
between
Mount
Saron
and
the
Sea
,
they
encamped
in
the
beautiful
and
fertile
Plain
of
Ptolemais
,
sometime
before
called
Accon
,
and
since
named
St.
John
d'
Acre
.
The
Emir
who
Commanded
in
so
fair
a
Town
,
where
there
was
a
most
delicate
Port
,
and
which
would
have
been
most
Commodious
for
the
Princes
,
fearing
to
be
Attacqued
,
immediately
sent
to
treat
with
them
.
He
furnished
them
with
all
sorts
of
Refreshments
,
and
that
he
might
quit
himself
of
such
Guests
the
Sooner
,
his
Fear
constrained
him
to
promise
them
with
an
Oath
,
That
if
they
took
Jerusalem
,
and
kept
it
twenty
days
against
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
he
would
acknowledge
them
for
his
Masters
,
and
put
them
into
Possession
of
the
Town
;
but
the
contrary
was
soon
after
evident
by
a
very
surprizing
Accident
,
which
shewed
that
this
Perfidious
Person
had
quite
other
Thoughts
about
his
Heart
,
and
that
it
was
his
Fear
of
the
Christian
Army
,
which
drew
this
Perjury
from
his
Lips
.
For
as
the
Army
quitting
Ptolemaïs
,
pursued
their
Way
by
Caiphas
and
the
Passage
of
the
Strait
,
which
lies
between
the
Sea
and
Mount
Carmel
,
and
was
about
to
Encamp
near
the
Lake
of
Cesarea
,
a
Pigeon
which
was
escaped
from
the
Talons
of
a
Bird
of
Prey
,
who
astonished
at
the
Noise
of
the
Army
,
had
quitted
her
,
fell
down
half
dead
at
the
feet
of
the
Soldiers
;
being
taken
up
,
there
was
found
fastned
to
her
a
little
Roll
of
Paper
,
in
which
the
Emir
of
Ptolemais
had
written
to
him
of
Cesarea
,
that
he
should
do
all
the
Mischief
that
he
could
to
this
Army
of
Doggs
,
who
were
about
to
pass
his
Territories
,
for
that
he
might
more
easily
Incommode
their
Passage
than
he
could
,
and
also
that
he
should
not
fail
by
the
same
way
to
give
the
same
Advertisement
to
the
other
Cities
.
This
Accident
occasioned
a
wonderful
Joy
in
the
whole
Army
;
for
from
hence
they
concluded
,
that
God
took
a
particular
Care
of
their
Interests
,
since
he
was
pleased
,
in
so
uncommon
a
manner
,
to
discover
to
them
the
Secrets
of
their
Malicious
Enemies
.
For
this
very
reason
the
Princes
staid
in
that
place
,
that
they
might
with
greaten
Devotion
celebrate
the
Holy
Feast
of
Whit-Sunday
,
which
was
the
nine
and
twentieth
day
of
May.
After
which
leaving
the
Sea
upon
their
right
Hand
,
as
also
the
Cities
of
Joppa
and
Antipatris
,
they
took
the
Right-hand-way
which
leads
through
the
pleasant
Vallies
which
lie
at
the
Foot
of
Mount
Ephraim
,
to
Lidda
,
or
Diospolis
,
a
famous
City
of
Judea
,
and
at
that
time
particularly
Famous
for
the
magnificent
Church
which
the
Emperor
Justinian
had
caused
to
be
built
in
Honor
of
St.
George
,
in
the
place
where
that
generous
Soldier
finished
his
Martyrdome
;
but
the
Saracens
despairing
to
maintain
the
Town
,
had
before
ruined
this
noble
Structure
,
burning
the
prodigious
Beams
which
sustained
the
Roof
,
for
fear
the
Christians
should
make
use
of
them
for
Engines
of
War
.
At
the
same
time
the
Princes
seized
upon
Ramatha
,
by
some
called
Arimathea
,
Rama
,
and
Ramula
,
a
City
which
the
Birth
,
the
Dwelling
,
and
the
Sepulchre
of
the
Prophet
Samuel
,
have
rendred
remarkable
in
the
Holy
Writings
.
The
Saracens
had
also
abandoned
that
place
in
so
great
hast
,
that
they
left
behind
them
so
much
Provision
as
sufficed
for
three
days
to
refresh
the
whole
Army
.
And
because
Rama
was
near
unto
Lidda
,
it
was
thought
fit
to
give
the
Fee-simple
of
those
two
Towns
,
together
with
the
Tithes
of
the
Booty
,
to
a
learned
and
virtuous
Priest
,
one
Robert
of
the
Diocess
of
Rouen
,
who
was
setled
the
Bishop
of
that
place
,
to
the
intent
that
he
should
not
only
take
Care
of
the
Christians
of
Lidda
,
but
also
of
such
Pilgrims
who
resolved
to
pass
the
remainder
of
their
Lives
in
the
Holy
Land
,
and
with
which
Rama
was
to
be
peopled
.
This
being
done
,
the
Army
marched
very
early
the
next
Morning
Eastward
,
and
the
same
Evening
arrived
at
Emmaus
,
some
sixty
Furlongs
,
which
is
about
two
Leagues
and
a
half
from
Jerusalem
:
This
City
which
had
in
the
time
of
the
Machabees
been
a
considerable
Place
,
was
in
our
Saviour's
time
only
a
little
Burrough
,
having
been
ruined
by
Varus
the
Governor
of
Syria
;
but
it
was
rebuilt
by
the
Romans
after
the
end
of
the
Jewish
War
,
and
in
memory
of
their
Victories
they
called
it
Nicopolis
,
as
it
was
at
that
time
called
when
the
Christians
seized
it
.
At
that
instant
there
arrived
Deputies
from
Bethlehem
who
addressed
themselves
to
Duke
Godfrey
,
to
request
him
to
send
them
present
Succours
,
year
1099
least
the
Saracens
,
as
they
had
just
ground
to
apprehend
,
who
from
all
Parts
ran
to
put
themselves
into
Jerusalem
,
should
in
their
Passage
fire
that
City
.
Immediately
Tancred
,
who
was
particularly
united
in
his
Interests
,
was
dispatched
thither
,
and
who
,
after
he
had
given
all
the
necessary
Orders
for
the
Security
of
that
Place
,
and
had
planted
his
Ensign
upon
the
Church
,
rejoyned
the
other
Princes
the
day
following
,
which
was
Tuesday
the
sixth
of
June
,
a
day
after
three
years
from
the
first
Enterprise
of
the
Voyage
so
long
expected
,
and
so
ardently
desired
;
a
day
wherein
after
infinite
Pains
and
Travels
,
they
came
with
incredible
Joy
to
see
the
Conclusion
of
their
Vows
.
For
so
soon
as
the
Army
was
g●●
to
the
top
of
the
Heights
which
are
on
the
further
side
of
Emaus
,
from
whence
there
was
a
fair
Prospect
of
the
lofty
Towers
of
the
Holy
City
,
the
Princes
,
the
Officers
,
the
Soldiers
,
and
the
whole
Troop
of
Pilgrims
which
followed
the
Army
,
broak
out
all
together
,
as
it
were
by
Consent
,
into
Cries
of
Joy
,
Blessing
and
Praises
to
Almighty
God
,
which
being
reverberated
and
multiplied
by
the
Ecchoes
of
the
Rocks
and
Mountains
with
which
the
City
is
Invironed
,
repeated
in
a
few
Moments
a
million
of
times
,
It
is
the
Will
of
God
,
It
is
the
Will
of
God
.
And
immediately
they
found
their
Hearts
so
lively
touched
and
pierced
with
the
extraordinary
Sentiments
of
Piety
,
Tenderness
,
and
Love
of
God
,
upon
the
sight
of
those
Holy
Places
,
Consecrated
by
the
venerable
Mysteries
of
the
Redemption
of
Mankind
,
that
they
threw
themselves
upon
the
Ground
,
shedding
abundance
of
devout
Tears
,
and
kissing
with
unconceivable
Pleasure
that
Soil
which
had
been
honored
with
the
Footsteps
of
the
Incarnate
Word
of
God
.
Thus
do
present
Objects
without
any
other
Assistance
,
make
the
most
violent
Impressions
upon
the
Minds
of
Men
,
and
such
as
far
surpass
the
most
profound
Meditations
,
the
most
powerful
Reasonings
,
and
the
most
elaborate
Discourses
of
the
most
eloquent
Orators
or
Preachers
,
and
the
single
View
of
them
is
more
capable
of
softning
the
hardest
Hearts
,
than
the
finest
Discourses
at
a
distance
,
which
cannot
possibly
represent
things
with
that
Life
and
Efficacy
,
which
by
the
Eyes
passes
in
a
moment
to
the
Soul
.
Thus
the
Presence
of
those
glorious
Monuments
of
the
Victories
of
the
Son
of
God
,
after
these
first
motions
of
Piety
,
inspired
in
the
Hearts
of
the
Crusades
,
such
an
extraordinary
Ardor
to
Conquer
,
that
they
cried
out
to
be
instantly
lead
to
the
Siege
of
Jerusalem
,
not
as
Jewish
,
the
Enemy
and
Murdress
of
the
Saviour
of
the
World
,
to
destroy
it
,
but
as
Christian
and
Captive
,
to
deliver
it
from
the
Tyranny
of
the
Barbarians
,
who
hindred
the
whole
World
from
the
Liberty
of
rendring
those
Honors
due
to
the
Sepulcher
of
Jesus
Christ
.
The
Princes
therefore
judging
that
they
ought
to
make
use
of
this
admirable
Disposition
of
their
Soldiers
,
instantly
fell
upon
forming
the
Siege
of
this
illustrious
City
;
of
which
,
before
I
proceed
further
,
it
will
be
necessary
to
represent
the
Situation
,
the
Strength
,
and
the
Condition
wherein
they
found
it
at
that
time
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
CRUSADE
,
OR
,
The
Expeditions
of
the
Christian
Princes
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
.
BOOK
III.
The
CONTENTS
of
the
Third
Book
.
The
Present
State
of
Jerusalem
when
the
Christian
Princes
Besieged
it
.
The
Distribution
of
their
Quarters
.
The
ill
Success
of
an
Assault
given
against
the
Rules
of
War
,
by
the
Advice
of
a
Hermite
,
who
pretended
a
Revelation
for
it
.
The
Description
of
Duke
Godfrey
's
Engines
.
The
solemn
Procession
of
the
Besiegers
about
the
City
.
The
second
General
Assault
for
three
days
together
.
Two
Magicians
who
were
Conjuring
upon
the
Walls
,
have
their
Brains
beaten
out
with
a
Stone
from
Duke
Godfrey
's
wooden
Castle
.
The
Artifice
of
Godfrey
to
drive
the
Enemies
from
the
Walls
.
He
is
the
first
that
by
the
Bridge
of
his
Castle
mounts
the
Walls
.
Jerusalem
taken
.
The
fearful
Slaughter
of
the
Saracens
.
By
Godfrey
's
Example
the
whole
Army
return
solemn
Thanks
to
God
at
the
Holy
Sepulchre
.
An
Assembly
of
the
Princes
to
chuse
a
King
and
a
Patriarch
.
The
Speech
of
Robert
Duke
of
Normandy
upon
this
Subject
.
Godfrey
of
Bullen
chosen
and
proclaimed
King
of
Jerusalem
.
The
memorable
Battle
of
Ascalon
against
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
and
the
Victory
of
the
Christians
,
which
concluded
this
first
Crusade
.
The
Return
of
the
Crusades
.
The
Conquests
of
Godfrey
of
Bullen
,
and
his
Death
.
An
Abridgment
of
the
History
of
the
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
till
the
time
of
the
second
Crusade
.
The
Reign
of
Baldwin
the
First
.
The
flourishing
Estate
of
the
Christians
in
the
East
,
till
his
Death
.
The
Reign
of
Baldwin
the
Second
.
The
Relation
of
the
founding
the
Military
Orders
of
the
Knights
Hospitallers
.
The
Captivity
of
King
Baldwin
.
His
Deliverance
.
His
Victories
and
Death
.
He
is
succeeded
by
his
Son-in-Law
Fowk
d'
Anjou
.
The
Prosperity
of
his
Reign
.
His
Death
,
and
the
Regency
of
Queen
Melesintha
,
during
the
Minority
of
Baldwin
the
Third
.
The
Occasion
of
the
second
Expedition
of
the
Crusades
.
The
Relation
of
the
two
Josselins
de
Courtenay
Earls
of
Edessa
.
The
taking
of
that
City
by
Sanguin
Sultan
of
Alepo
,
and
afterwards
by
Noradin
his
Son
.
The
Character
of
that
Prince
,
and
his
Conquests
over
the
Christians
.
Applications
made
to
Lewis
the
young
King
of
France
.
His
Character
,
and
what
moved
him
to
undertake
the
Crusade
.
He
Consults
Saint
Bernard
concerning
it
.
The
Character
of
that
Saint
,
and
the
Order
he
received
from
Pope
Eugenius
the
Third
to
Preach
the
Crusade
.
The
General
Assemblies
of
Bourges
,
Vezelay
,
and
Chartress
,
for
the
Crusade
.
It
is
Published
by
Saint
Bernard
in
France
and
Germany
.
The
Emperor
and
King
take
up
the
Cross
.
The
Abbot
Sugere
declared
Regent
in
France
.
His
Character
and
Advice
concerning
the
Expedition
.
The
Voyage
of
the
Emperor
.
The
Description
of
the
Tempest
which
almost
ruined
his
Army
upon
the
Banks
of
the
River
Melas
.
The
Fleet
of
the
Crusades
take
Lisbon
from
the
Saracens
.
The
Original
of
the
Kings
of
Portugal
.
The
Character
and
Perfidy
of
the
Greek
Emperor
Manuel
.
His
underhand
Treating
with
the
Turks
.
The
miserable
Overthrow
of
the
Emperor's
Army
.
The
Voyage
of
King
Lewis
to
Constantinople
,
and
his
Reception
.
The
Advice
of
the
Bishop
of
Langress
,
who
Counsels
the
King
to
take
Constantinople
;
his
Speech
upon
that
Subject
;
the
reason
that
his
Advice
was
not
followed
;
the
Treacheries
of
Manuel
thereupon
.
The
Kings
Voyage
into
Asia
.
His
Interview
with
the
Emperor
Conrade
,
and
the
Return
of
that
Prince
to
Constantinople
.
The
Description
of
the
River
Meander
,
and
the
famous
Passage
of
the
King
of
France
with
his
Army
over
it
.
year
1099
JErusalem
,
which
after
that
Herod
the
Great
had
beautified
it
with
the
most
magnificent
Structures
,
and
had
repaired
the
Temple
,
had
been
one
of
the
Wonders
of
the
World
,
and
one
of
the
fairest
Cities
of
all
the
East
,
was
nothing
but
a
horrible
Heap
of
Cinders
and
Ruines
after
its
fatal
Destruction
;
till
such
time
as
the
Emperor
Adrian
,
who
was
the
last
that
ruined
it
,
caused
it
to
be
rebuilt
in
a
manner
far
different
from
what
it
was
before
.
For
in
times-past
,
there
was
comprised
within
the
Circuit
of
its
Walls
four
Mountains
,
upon
which
it
was
successively
Built
:
The
first
called
Salem
,
otherwise
Acra
,
which
was
founded
by
Melchisedeck
:
The
second
opposite
to
that
,
towards
the
South
,
and
which
was
far
higher
,
was
the
Holy
and
Famous
Mount
Sion
,
which
David
after
he
had
taken
the
Fortress
of
the
Jebusites
,
joyned
to
the
former
by
a
Wall
which
invironed
it
on
all
parts
,
to
distinguish
it
from
the
other
,
which
in
comparison
of
this
new
City
,
was
called
the
Lower
City
:
The
third
was
the
Mountain
of
Moriah
,
between
these
towards
the
East
,
where
the
Temple
of
Solomon
stood
:
And
the
fourth
upon
the
North
,
was
the
Hill
Betheza
,
where
the
same
King
built
a
new
Town
,
which
was
afterwards
much
inlarged
by
Hezekiah
,
and
took
in
all
the
Valley
between
the
East
and
the
North
,
to
the
lower
Town
.
This
Glorious
City
of
God
was
afterwards
destroyed
by
the
Chaldeans
;
and
with
the
Temple
restored
to
its
first
Estate
,
in
divers
Ages
by
Zorobabel
,
Nehemiah
,
the
Machabees
,
and
by
Herod
the
Great
,
and
was
at
the
last
overthrown
to
the
very
Ground
,
and
laid
in
Heaps
of
Rubbish
by
the
Emperor
Titus
Vespasian
,
three
only
of
the
fairest
Towers
called
the
Hippico
,
year
1099
Phasele
,
and
Mariamne
,
which
Herod
had
builded
,
escaping
the
general
Desolation
;
for
Titus
was
willing
to
preserve
them
,
as
also
part
of
the
North
Wall
of
the
higher
Town
,
to
which
they
were
joyned
,
that
they
might
remain
as
Monuments
of
the
Greatness
of
his
Victory
,
when
Posterity
should
by
the
Strength
of
those
make
a
Judgment
how
Impregnable
that
City
was
which
he
had
taken
,
though
defended
by
such
mighty
Walls
and
lofty
Towers
.
But
the
Jews
Revolting
in
the
time
of
the
Emperor
Adrian
,
that
Prince
after
he
had
made
the
most
horrible
Slaughter
among
the
Rebels
,
caused
those
three
Towers
and
the
Wall
also
to
be
demolished
and
razed
to
the
very
Foundation
;
thus
without
designing
it
,
intirely
accomplishing
the
dreadful
Prediction
of
the
Son
of
God
,
That
the
day
should
come
when
there
should
not
be
one
Stone
left
upon
another
in
that
miserable
City
.
After
this
,
that
Emperor
to
immortalize
his
own
Name
in
abolishing
that
of
Jerusalem
,
caused
a
new
City
to
be
there
Built
,
which
according
to
his
own
Name
was
called
Aelia
,
giving
it
also
a
quite
differing
Form
from
the
Ancient
City
,
whose
Memory
,
as
well
as
Name
,
he
thought
thereby
for
ever
to
extinguish
.
For
he
left
out
of
it
the
whole
Mountain
of
Sion
,
which
had
been
the
best
and
most
Beautiful
,
as
well
as
strongest
part
of
Jerusalem
,
almost
all
that
which
had
been
called
the
New
City
,
and
a
great
part
of
the
Lower
Town
.
He
made
Mount
Moriah
be
levelled
,
and
inclosed
that
and
the
little
Remainder
of
the
New
and
Low
Town
,
as
also
Mount
Calvarie
,
which
was
nothing
but
a
little
Corner
of
Mount
Gihon
,
which
was
out
of
the
Ancient
City
towards
the
West
.
So
that
this
Aelia
,
as
it
was
not
by
one
half
so
large
as
Jerusalem
,
so
it
had
quite
a
differing
Figure
:
For
the
Ancient
Jerusalem
in
its
Dimensions
approached
to
a
Square
,
though
not
altogether
Regular
,
being
something
longer
than
it
was
broad
,
for
it
was
Extended
from
North
to
South
a
good
League
,
the
Breadth
from
East
to
West
being
something
less
.
On
the
contrary
this
new
City
,
which
was
of
a
Figure
altogether
Irregular
,
yet
approaching
to
Square
,
extended
it self
in
Length
from
East
to
West
some
twelve
hundred
Paces
,
and
in
Breadth
from
South
to
North
about
a
third
part
so
much
.
Moreover
the
Ancient
City
was
wholly
inaccessible
on
the
South
part
,
by
reason
of
the
broaken
Rocks
of
the
Mount
Sion
,
which
Invironed
it
,
it
was
also
the
same
upon
the
East
,
having
the
deep
Valley
of
Jehoshaphat
between
the
Mount
of
Olives
and
Mount
Moriah
.
But
this
New
City
which
had
Mount
Sion
close
by
the
South
Side
of
it
,
was
easily
Commanded
from
thence
,
and
the
Valleys
having
been
in
a
manner
filled
up
by
the
Romans
,
it
was
very
accessible
,
particularly
upon
the
North.
It
continued
a
long
time
in
this
Estate
under
the
Power
of
the
Gentiles
,
till
such
time
as
the
Great
Constantine
peopled
it
with
Christians
,
having
there
builded
the
Magnisicent
Church
of
the
Resurrection
,
which
Incloses
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
where
the
Pagans
had
with
the
most
impious
Profaneness
erected
the
Temple
of
the
Idol
Venus
.
After
this
quitting
the
profane
Name
of
Aelia
,
if
recovered
that
venerable
Name
of
Jerusalem
,
a
Name
Consecrated
by
the
Sacred
Records
,
and
by
so
many
Holy
Mysteries
,
which
for
ever
after
to
this
present
time
it
hath
retained
.
It
was
taken
from
the
Romans
by
the
Persians
under
the
Reign
of
King
Cosroës
,
and
by
his
Successor
Restored
to
the
Emperor
Heraclius
;
and
not
long
after
,
about
the
middle
of
the
seventh
Age
,
falling
into
the
Hands
of
the
Saracens
,
the
Caliph
Omar
,
one
of
the
earliest
Successors
of
Mahomet
,
built
there
a
round
Temple
of
eight
Angles
or
Faces
for
a
Mosch
,
in
the
same
place
where
sometimes
stood
the
Temple
of
Solomon
;
and
tho
it
did
not
in
the
least
Resemble
that
,
except
in
the
Greatness
of
the
Porch
,
which
was
raised
very
high
,
and
with
fair
Galleries
,
in
the
Middle
whereof
stands
this
Round
,
yet
doth
it
to
this
Day
retain
that
Name
.
About
four
hundred
Years
after
this
,
the
greatest
part
of
Syria
and
Palestine
falling
under
the
Dominion
of
the
Turks
,
they
also
took
Jerusalem
from
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
and
thirty
eight
Years
after
it
was
retaken
from
them
by
him
,
making
use
of
the
Occasion
which
was
offered
him
by
the
memorable
Victory
of
the
Christians
over
the
Turks
,
in
the
Battle
of
Antioch
.
This
Saracen
Prince
,
who
notwithstanding
his
Ambassy
,
doubted
not
but
the
Christians
,
who
looked
upon
Jerusalem
as
the
end
of
their
Enterprise
,
would
certainly
besiege
it
,
year
1099
forgot
nothing
which
was
necessary
to
put
it
into
a
Condition
to
make
a
good
Defence
;
for
with
great
diligence
he
caused
the
Walls
and
Towers
to
be
repaired
,
although
they
were
very
strong
before
,
having
also
a
double
Wall
;
he
provided
the
Place
with
all
manner
of
Stores
both
of
Ammunition
and
Provision
,
he
caused
all
the
Christians
that
were
able
to
bear
Arms
to
quit
the
City
,
and
put
into
it
a
Garrison
of
fourty
thousand
of
his
Best
Soldiers
,
besides
that
there
were
twenty
Thousand
Inhabitants
who
were
Armed
,
and
to
whom
for
their
Encouragement
he
promised
a
perpetual
Exemption
from
all
manner
of
Taxes
and
Tributes
.
He
caused
also
the
Cisterns
and
Wells
for
six
miles
round
the
City
to
be
filled
up
,
and
made
a
most
horrible
Wast
throughout
the
Country
,
that
so
the
Christian
Army
at
the
same
Time
that
they
were
to
Combat
with
so
strong
an
Enemy
within
the
Walls
,
might
have
Famine
a
more
terrible
Enemy
to
Combat
with
in
the
Field
,
and
above
all
he
hoped
to
destroy
them
for
Want
of
Water
in
those
dry
and
barren
Countries
where
the
Heat
is
great
and
Thirst
most
insupportable
.
This
was
the
Estate
and
Posture
in
which
Jerusalem
then
stood
immediately
before
it
was
besieged
by
the
Christians
,
whose
Army
was
not
in
Truth
so
Numerous
as
that
which
defended
the
Place
:
For
of
that
immense
Multitude
of
the
Crusades
who
passed
into
Asia
and
were
at
the
Siege
of
Nice
,
there
came
not
above
sixty
thousand
of
both
Sexes
,
among
which
there
were
not
more
than
twenty
Thousand
Foot
and
fifteen
hundred
Horse
who
were
in
a
Condition
to
fight
;
the
greatest
part
of
the
rest
being
dead
,
either
with
Diseases
or
in
the
several
Encounters
;
some
were
returned
,
some
wore
put
into
Garrisons
in
the
conquered
places
,
and
some
followed
the
Princes
Baldwin
and
Bohemond
to
defend
their
new
Principalities
of
Edessa
and
Antioch
.
Nevertheless
both
Princes
and
Soldiers
were
determined
either
there
to
perish
or
to
carry
the
Pince
,
and
to
accomplish
their
Vow
either
by
a
Devout
Death
,
or
Glorious
Victory
.
After
they
had
therefore
repulsed
the
Enemies
who
sallied
out
,
they
began
chearfully
to
form
the
Siege
in
this
manner
;
Godfrey
of
Bullen
,
Earl
Eustace
his
Brother
,
and
Tancred
took
their
Post
upon
the
West
near
to
the
Fortress
which
they
called
the
Tower
of
David
;
The
Earl
of
Tholose
was
upon
his
Right
directly
opposite
to
the
Gate
of
this
Tower
,
and
after
a
little
while
he
enlarged
his
Quarters
Southward
to
the
Extremity
of
Mount
Sion
,
over
against
the
Church
of
the
Holy
Virgin
.
The
Remainder
of
the
City
on
the
South
and
towards
the
East
was
left
free
,
in
Regard
the
Hollow
Vallius
and
the
Craggy
Rocks
made
the
Approaches
Extreme
Difficult
.
The
North
side
was
surrounded
by
the
Duke
of
Normandy
,
the
Earls
of
Flanders
and
St.
Paul
,
who
lay
before
the
Gate
,
which
was
then
called
St.
Stephens
,
but
now
Damascus
Gate
,
to
the
Angular
Tower
near
the
Valley
of
Jehosaphat
.
Moreover
,
that
they
might
avoid
a
tedious
Siege
like
that
of
Antioch
,
it
was
resolved
to
attack
the
Place
by
main
Force
,
therein
also
following
the
Advice
of
a
Solitary
who
lived
with
a
great
Opinion
of
his
Sanctity
in
a
Cave
in
the
Mount
of
Olives
;
for
he
had
promised
the
Christians
that
they
should
have
the
Victory
that
day
,
telling
them
he
had
it
in
Command
from
God
to
acquaint
them
with
that
Message
,
although
it
was
told
him
on
the
other
hand
,
that
they
were
not
at
all
provided
with
necessary
Materials
for
an
Attack
.
But
as
it
appeared
afterwards
,
in
all
kind
of
Affairs
,
but
especially
in
those
of
War
,
it
is
a
most
dangerous
Folly
to
quit
the
Rules
of
Art
and
Prudence
,
blindly
to
follow
the
uncertain
Ways
of
pretended
Revelations
,
which
one
ought
rarely
to
trust
,
in
Regard
they
are
so
often
false
;
and
when
they
are
true
one
is
not
bound
to
believe
them
but
upon
Invincible
Proofs
;
and
without
those
one
is
obliged
always
rather
to
follow
good
Sense
and
Reason
,
which
God
hath
given
to
Men
next
to
his
Divine
Word
,
to
be
their
Rule
and
Guide
.
However
,
upon
the
fifth
day
of
the
Siege
early
in
the
Morning
a
General
Assault
was
given
upon
the
Word
of
this
Recluse
,
which
was
looked
upon
as
an
Oracle
.
Never
was
there
seen
greater
Ardor
in
the
Soldiers
,
whose
Courage
was
redoubled
by
the
certainty
of
their
Belief
in
the
Promise
of
this
Holy
Man
that
they
should
that
very
day
take
Jorusalem
.
Some
part
were
drawn
up
in
close
Rank
,
and
they
advanced
holdly
after
the
manner
of
the
Ancient
Romans
,
covering
themselveslike
Tortoises
with
their
Bucklers
,
whilst
others
were
extended
in
long
siles
and
followed
them
at
a
just
distance
,
year
1099
to
have
convenient
Room
to
make
use
of
their
Bows
,
their
Slings
and
Cross-Bows
,
to
drive
the
Enemy
from
the
Walls
with
great
Stones
,
Darts
and
Arrows
which
they
showered
continually
upon
them
;
whilest
in
the
mean
time
the
first
endeavoured
,
in
Despite
of
pieces
of
Rock
and
Beams
which
they
threw
down
from
the
Walls
to
crush
them
,
to
come
at
the
Wall
,
and
with
Pick-Axes
,
Mattocks
,
Levers
,
and
such
sort
of
Iron
Instruments
wanting
Rams
they
tried
to
make
a
Breach
or
Passage
through
the
Wall
;
and
they
acted
with
so
much
Force
and
Courage
that
they
overthrew
the
Out-Wall
,
and
made
a
Passage
to
the
very
Foot
of
the
Inward-Wall
;
but
that
being
too
strong
to
receive
any
Damage
by
such
pittiful
Tools
,
there
was
no
Hope
but
to
force
the
Place
by
a
Scalade
;
and
so
little
Care
had
been
taken
to
make
Provision
,
relying
upon
the
Promise
of
the
Hermit
who
told
them
,
if
they
had
no
more
than
one
Ladder
of
Osiers
they
should
nevertheless
take
the
City
,
that
when
they
came
to
make
Use
of
them
,
there
was
no
more
than
one
sound
Ladder
,
that
was
long
enough
to
reach
the
Walls
;
notwithstanding
which
these
Braves
transported
with
mad
Courage
,
being
prepossessed
with
the
Belief
that
they
should
carry
the
Town
,
planted
that
Ladder
,
and
mounted
with
so
much
Resolution
,
that
pushing
one
another
upwards
,
many
of
them
got
up
to
the
Top
and
threw
themselves
over
the
Wall
,
where
they
desperately
fought
hand
to
hand
against
the
Saracens
,
who
were
amazed
at
this
more
than
Heroick
Boldness
;
and
there
is
no
doubt
but
if
they
had
had
more
Ladders
,
Jerusalem
had
been
that
day
taken
;
for
the
Enemies
who
did
not
in
the
least
expect
such
an
irregular
and
brisk
Attempt
,
had
not
brought
any
of
their
Engines
to
the
Walls
.
But
seeing
there
could
but
by
one
Ladder
mount
a
very
few
men
,
who
must
needs
be
exposed
to
a
Multitude
of
Enemies
without
Hope
of
Succour
,
a
Retreat
was
sounded
after
having
lost
in
that
rash
Attempt
a
great
many
brave
men
,
who
yet
sold
their
Lives
at
so
dear
a
Rate
that
twice
their
Number
of
the
Saracens
paid
theirs
in
lieu
of
them
.
Duke
Godfrey
who
was
ashamed
of
the
Fault
he
had
committed
by
preferring
the
idle
Visions
of
a
simple
Hermit
before
the
just
Rules
of
Military
Art
,
remonstrated
to
the
Princes
,
that
if
they
resolved
to
carry
the
Town
by
Force
it
was
necessary
to
attack
it
with
good
Engines
of
War
,
since
they
were
to
sight
with
men
who
having
once
,
would
not
a
second
time
be
surprised
in
their
Defence
against
a
Scalade
.
This
Advice
was
approved
by
all
,
but
the
difficulty
was
,
to
know
where
they
should
be
furnished
with
Materials
to
frame
them
,
there
being
never
a
Forrest
in
all
the
Country
.
For
as
for
the
famous
Enchanted
Woods
of
Ismena
Clormea
,
Renaud
and
Armida
,
and
a
hundred
other
such
like
Inventions
of
Tasso
,
they
are
nothing
but
the
agreeable
Visions
of
a
Poetical
Fancy
,
which
takes
a
great
deal
of
Delight
in
pleasing
others
,
with
making
new
Creations
,
which
never
were
except
in
his
own
or
the
Imaginations
of
his
Readers
,
but
which
must
as
the
Amusements
of
Fables
and
Chimera's
,
be
rejected
by
Historians
who
are
to
entertain
their
Readers
with
nothing
but
solid
Truth
.
But
this
is
most
certain
,
that
while
they
were
in
this
Trouble
a
Christian
of
the
Country
informed
the
Princes
,
that
about
three
or
four
Leagues
off
in
the
Way
that
leads
to
Arabia
,
there
was
a
Valley
quite
out
of
any
Road
,
where
in
a
great
Cavern
there
was
a
good
Quantity
of
large
Beams
of
Cedar
and
Cypress
,
and
that
there
was
thereabout
some
Trees
of
which
they
might
make
very
good
Use
,
although
they
were
of
no
considerable
Height
.
The
Duke
of
Normandy
,
and
the
Earl
of
Flanders
went
thither
with
some
Troops
being
Conducted
by
this
Guide
,
where
they
really
found
such
Wood
which
they
caused
to
be
carried
to
the
Camp
.
They
also
carried
thither
all
the
Planks
,
Joists
and
Beams
of
the
Houses
near
the
City
,
which
they
could
sind
;
and
for
a
whole
Month
they
wrought
all
sorts
of
Engines
which
are
made
use
of
in
Sieges
,
as
also
some
of
a
new
Invention
,
according
as
they
were
designed
by
Duke
Godfrey
and
Gaston
de
Foix
Prince
of
Bearne
,
who
took
care
of
the
Management
of
these
Works
;
but
that
which
mightily
advanced
them
was
,
that
nine
great
Ships
being
arrived
at
Joppa
with
Provisions
from
Pisa
and
Genoa
,
for
the
Army
,
and
despairing
to
defend
themselves
in
that
little
Fleet
against
that
of
the
Saracens
which
was
coming
to
attack
them
,
they
broke
up
the
Ships
,
and
setting
Fire
to
what
they
could
not
carry
to
the
Camp
,
the
Seamen
applied
themselves
most
industriously
to
the
building
of
these
Engines
.
year
1099
All
this
time
the
Army
was
ready
to
perish
with
the
excessive
Thirst
which
it
indured
;
for
the
Brook
Cedron
which
divides
the
Valley
of
Jehosaphat
hath
very
little
Water
except
in
the
Winter
,
and
the
Fountain
of
Siloe
,
which
is
at
the
Foot
of
Mount
Sion
toward
the
South
afforded
but
a
very
little
Water
;
so
that
there
was
scarce
any
to
be
had
but
what
was
to
be
found
two
Leagues
off
,
and
that
with
great
Hazard
of
falling
into
the
Hands
of
the
Saracens
,
who
lay
continually
in
Ambuscades
to
surprize
such
whose
Thirst
constrained
them
to
straggle
abroad
to
seek
for
Water
;
and
besides
,
what
was
to
be
had
was
so
little
,
and
there
were
so
many
People
,
besides
the
Beasts
that
were
to
drink
,
that
it
became
presently
pudled
and
stinking
.
In
this
Extremity
there
could
be
no
other
Resolution
,
but
so
soon
as
ever
the
Engines
which
were
preparing
were
finished
to
give
a
General
Assault
,
with
a
sirm
Determination
either
to
carry
the
Place
or
perish
in
the
Attempt
.
And
therefore
before
the
Execution
of
so
dangerous
an
Enterprize
,
and
whilest
the
Preparations
were
making
,
it
was
thought
fit
that
publick
Prayers
should
be
made
by
the
whole
Army
,
to
implore
the
Mercy
of
Almighty
God
and
to
crave
his
Blessing
and
Assistance
.
For
this
Purpose
after
a
Fast
of
three
days
upon
Fryday
the
eighth
of
July
there
was
a
solemn
Procession
,
where
the
Bishops
and
Clergy
barefooted
,
followed
by
the
Princes
and
Soldiers
in
their
Arms
surrounded
the
City
,
setting
out
at
the
Church
of
Sion
,
and
passing
by
the
Oratory
of
St.
Stephen
through
the
Valley
of
Jehosaphat
,
and
so
by
the
Mountain
of
Olives
,
to
the
Place
from
whence
Christ
Jesus
ascended
into
Heaven
.
Here
it
was
that
Peter
the
Hermit
,
and
Arnold
the
Chaplain
to
the
Duke
of
Normandy
,
made
such
Powerful
Exhortations
to
reunite
the
Hearts
of
the
Army
,
that
all
the
Chiefs
,
and
the
Soldiers
,
and
particularly
Tancred
and
Count
Raymond
,
who
had
had
the
greatest
Differences
,
embraced
each
other
in
Token
of
a
mutual
Reconciliation
,
and
Exhorted
one
another
to
revenge
those
Injuries
and
Outrages
,
which
were
offered
to
Jesus
Christ
by
the
Saracens
,
who
at
the
same
time
made
a
Mock-Procession
about
the
Walls
within
the
City
as
the
Christians
did
without
,
vomiting
out
a
thousand
Blasphemies
against
Christ
,
and
offering
a
thousand
Insolencies
and
Indignities
to
a
Cross
which
they
opposed
to
that
which
was
carried
in
this
Devout
Procession
before
the
Christians
.
The
next
Morning
Godfrey
who
had
resolved
to
make
his
Attack
upon
that
Quarter
which
is
between
the
East
and
the
North
,
because
it
was
the
weakest
and
the
most
convenient
for
his
Engines
to
play
,
removed
his
Camp
thither
in
the
Night
,
and
employed
the
three
following
Days
as
did
the
other
Princes
to
dispose
of
their
Engines
.
They
had
besides
Rams
,
Slings
to
throw
great
Stones
,
and
other
such
Sort
of
Engines
which
were
at
that
time
in
Use
to
batter
Walls
near
at
hand
,
three
great
Castles
of
Wood
of
a
new
Structure
.
Every
one
of
them
had
three
Stories
,
whereof
the
lowest
was
for
the
Ingeniers
and
Workmen
,
who
by
great
Force
rolled
the
Machin
upon
its
Wheels
;
the
two
others
had
their
Platforms
which
jetted
out
from
the
Work
,
so
that
the
Combatants
who
were
placed
in
them
might
from
thence
fight
as
upon
sirm
Ground
,
either
with
their
Enemies
at
a
Distance
,
or
near
at
Hand
according
as
they
were
able
to
advance
the
Machin
;
the
middle
Story
was
as
high
as
the
Top
of
the
Second
Wall
,
which
was
something
higher
than
the
Out-Wall
of
the
City
.
And
the
third
Story
which
was
raised
with
a
narrow
Top
,
was
so
framed
that
from
thence
one
might
see
the
Enemies
so
as
to
have
a
fair
Mark
at
them
with
Darts
,
Stones
or
Arrows
even
to
the
very
Heart
of
the
City
.
These
Wooden
rolling
Castles
had
four
sides
which
were
covered
with
Hurdles
to
prevent
the
Damage
which
they
might
receive
by
the
great
Stones
thrown
from
the
Walls
,
and
the
Hurdles
were
also
covered
with
Raw
Hides
of
Oxen
,
Camels
and
Horses
,
to
resist
the
Violence
of
Fire
.
But
that
which
was
the
Chief
Design
of
these
Machines
was
,
that
upon
the
side
of
the
third
Story
towards
the
Town
,
and
which
was
just
above
the
Platform
of
the
middle
Story
Level
with
the
Height
of
the
Walls
,
besides
the
two
other
Covertures
there
was
a
third
which
was
framed
with
Joists
and
Planks
,
and
so
fastned
to
the
Engine
above
at
the
third
Platform
,
that
being
suddainly
let
down
by
two
Pullies
,
it
was
to
fall
upon
the
Wall
like
a
Draw-Bridge
,
thereby
to
enter
into
the
Town
.
It
was
resolved
that
there
should
be
three
Attacks
,
and
one
of
these
Rolling
Castles
at
every
one
of
them
;
year
1099
Duke
Godfrey
and
Earl
Eustace
had
the
first
,
a
little
below
St.
Stephens
Gate
drawing
towards
the
East
;
Duke
Robert
,
Prince
Tancred
,
and
the
Earl
of
Flanders
with
the
second
,
made
the
second
a
little
lower
at
the
left
Hand
near
the
Angular
Tower
which
was
afterwards
called
Tancred's
Tower
.
Earl
Raymond
made
his
at
the
opposite
Angle
at
the
South-West
,
with
the
third
which
could
not
advance
till
he
had
caused
certain
deep
Trenches
to
be
filled
up
which
lay
between
him
and
the
Wall
.
Upon
Wednesday
the
thirteenth
of
July
the
Attack
was
begun
,
which
was
continued
all
the
next
day
with
incredible
Fury
;
all
the
great
Engines
which
were
placed
by
the
Castles
played
incessantly
upon
the
Enemies
,
with
Huge
Stones
,
whilest
at
the
same
time
the
Slings
,
the
Archers
and
Cross-Bows
discharged
continually
upon
them
,
the
Castles
advancing
still
forward
all
the
Time
.
The
Captains
stood
all
this
while
in
the
highest
Story
of
the
Rolling
Castles
,
accompanied
with
the
most
considerable
and
bravest
men
of
the
Army
,
to
animate
their
Soldiers
by
their
Example
,
and
by
the
Danger
which
they
ran
,
being
above
all
others
exposed
as
the
Mark
of
the
Enemies
Arrows
.
Duke
Godfrey
with
his
Brother
stood
upon
the
highest
Platform
of
his
Castle
,
from
whence
whilest
it
approached
by
little
and
little
to
the
Wall
,
he
continually
discharged
his
lusty
Arrows
into
the
Town
,
and
against
those
who
defended
the
Walls
,
scarce
one
of
them
falling
in
Vain
;
for
as
he
was
without
Contradiction
one
of
the
strongest
men
of
his
Time
,
so
he
was
the
most
dextrous
and
the
best
Marksman
of
his
Age
;
which
hath
given
Rise
to
the
Story
,
which
will
have
it
,
That
seeing
three
Birds
flying
to
the
Top
of
one
of
the
Towers
of
Jerusalem
,
he
shot
them
all
three
upon
one
single
Arrow
.
And
for
this
Reason
it
is
,
that
it
is
the
received
Opinion
that
those
vast
Arrows
which
are
kept
in
the
Armory
of
the
House
of
Lorrain
,
one
of
the
most
Illustrious
of
the
World
,
were
his
,
since
it
cannot
be
doubted
but
he
was
descended
from
that
Noble
Stem
.
Godfrey
had
placed
in
the
second
Stage
of
his
Castle
the
two
Brothers
Lethold
and
Engelbert
most
Vallant
Gentlemen
of
Tournay
,
and
Guicher
the
stoutest
man
in
the
whole
Army
,
who
incountring
with
a
Lyon
had
cut
him
in
two
at
one
single
Blow
of
his
Sword
;
these
seconded
the
Efforts
of
their
Noble
Master
,
and
being
accompanied
with
a
many
other
Gallant
Men
,
they
did
wonderful
Execution
with
the
Sling
and
Arrows
,
and
in
playing
their
Stone
Bows
,
which
without
ceasing
poured
continual
Showers
from
their
Platform
upon
the
Town
.
The
other
Princes
also
acted
with
the
like
Vigor
,
some
levelling
the
Ground
,
that
so
the
Castles
might
more
easily
advance
,
whilest
others
presented
the
Scalade
in
many
several
places
together
,
thereby
to
make
the
greater
Diversion
to
the
Defendants
,
whilest
at
the
same
time
the
Walls
were
battered
continually
with
mighty
Rams
.
There
was
one
of
a
Prodigious
Magnitude
,
with
which
after
they
had
overthrown
the
Out-Wall
to
make
Way
for
Duke
Godfrey's
Castle
,
they
also
played
so
vigorously
against
the
Inward
Wall
that
therewith
they
made
a
very
great
Breach
.
Those
within
the
Town
in
the
mean
time
sorgot
nothing
which
might
contribute
to
the
rendring
the
Attempts
of
the
Beliegers
fruitless
,
whom
they
exceeded
both
in
Number
of
Men
and
Engines
.
All
their
Walls
were
covered
with
them
,
and
they
opposed
four
of
an
extraordinary
Size
against
the
three
Rolling
Castles
,
from
which
they
discharged
Stones
of
a
Prodigious
Bigness
,
which
hitting
the
Engines
fell
upon
the
Platforms
with
a
Terrible
Noise
,
crushing
,
overthrowing
and
tearing
all
in
pieces
,
breaking
the
Braces
and
Posts
,
and
crushing
all
those
who
did
not
quickly
get
Shelter
from
that
furious
Tempest
.
The
very
Air
was
obscured
with
that
mighty
Hail
,
and
the
Stones
which
were
discharged
from
one
side
and
the
other
encountring
one
another
,
seemed
to
Combat
as
well
as
the
Men
,
and
with
a
Terrible
Noise
fell
down
together
among
the
Assailants
,
against
whom
the
Besieged
shoured
down
without
ceasing
their
Arrows
,
Darts
and
Stones
,
to
hinder
their
Approaches
;
they
also
threw
abundance
of
Pots
of
Fire
,
and
shot
Fire
Darts
against
the
Machines
to
burn
them
,
and
at
the
same
time
made
a
furious
Sally
at
the
Breach
which
was
made
by
the
great
Ram
,
to
which
they
set
Fire
,
which
was
not
without
great
Difficulty
extinguished
.
In
short
,
never
was
there
seen
so
long
an
Assault
,
nor
a
Combat
maintained
with
that
Equal
Obstinacy
on
both
Parts
,
for
it
was
only
the
Night
and
the
extream
Weariness
that
obliged
them
on
both
sides
to
give
over
as
it
were
to
take
a
little
Breath
.
year
1099
The
Night
it self
however
did
not
pass
in
over
much
Tranquility
on
either
part
;
The
Besieged
were
in
continual
Fear
to
be
surprized
under
the
favour
of
the
Darkness
;
and
the
Besiegers
,
lest
they
should
sally
out
to
set
Fire
to
the
Machines
which
were
already
much
indamaged
,
and
especially
that
of
the
Earl
of
Tholose
,
which
was
rendred
in
a
manner
wholly
unserviceable
.
But
however
they
wrought
so
hard
upon
it
in
the
Night
,
that
the
next
morning
the
Combat
was
renewed
on
one
side
and
the
other
with
more
Fury
than
before
.
The
Christians
irritated
by
so
long
a
Resistance
made
their
utmost
Efforts
,
resolute
either
to
lose
all
or
to
gain
all
;
and
the
Sarasins
animated
by
the
Success
of
the
two
preceding
days
,
and
by
the
hope
of
present
Succour
,
which
the
Sultan
of
Babylon
had
promised
them
,
fought
with
new
Courage
,
and
with
so
much
Assurance
of
Victory
,
that
they
could
not
forbear
insulting
over
their
Enemies
,
and
assailing
their
Assailants
.
Above
all
they
aimed
at
Duke
Godfrey
,
against
whose
Machin
,
whilest
it
advanced
over
the
great
Breach
in
the
Out-Wall
,
they
threw
a
vast
Quantity
of
Fire-Works
and
huge
Stones
,
one
of
which
crushed
with
its
fall
one
of
his
Esquires
just
by
his
side
.
There
were
also
two
famous
Magicians
whom
they
brought
to
the
Walls
,
who
promised
to
stop
the
Dukes
Castle
by
their
Enchantments
;
but
while
the
poor
Wretches
were
busie
muttering
their
foolish
Charms
,
a
great
Stone
thrown
from
one
of
the
Dukes
Slings
spoiled
their
Conjurations
,
&
crushing
them
both
together
sent
them
down
to
those
Infernal
Spirits
which
they
were
in
Vain
calling
up
to
their
Assistance
.
The
Assault
had
now
lasted
till
one
of
the
Clock
in
the
Afternoon
without
any
manner
of
Appearance
of
Advantage
than
it
was
the
day
before
,
when
the
Soldiers
discouraged
to
see
themselves
so
often
repulsed
,
began
a
little
to
relax
of
their
former
Ardor
,
and
indeed
to
recoil
in
Despair
of
ever
being
able
to
force
so
many
brave
Men
who
defended
themselves
with
so
much
Vigor
and
Advantage
,
which
the
Sarasins
perceiving
sent
forth
great
Cries
of
Joy
,
intermingled
with
Horrible
Blasphemies
and
Insulting
Language
against
the
Christians
,
reproaching
them
with
the
Cowardize
and
Impotence
of
their
Crucisied
God
;
when
Duke
Godfrey
,
whether
he
really
was
assured
that
he
saw
it
,
or
whether
his
Imagination
heated
by
the
Ardor
of
the
Combat
and
filled
with
the
Images
of
War
represented
it
to
him
,
cried
out
amain
,
That
Heaven
was
come
to
their
Succour
,
and
that
he
saw
upon
his
left
hand
upon
the
Top
of
Mount
Oliver
a
Celestial
Cavalier
,
who
shaking
a
shining
Buckler
towards
the
City
gave
the
Signal
to
enter
it
:
And
that
which
is
most
surprizing
is
that
the
Earl
of
Tholose
who
fought
at
a
great
distance
from
him
against
another
part
of
the
City
,
declared
the
same
thing
at
the
same
time
to
his
Soldiers
;
so
that
one
must
either
conclude
that
these
two
Princes
had
before
agreed
this
matter
between
them
,
to
re-incourage
their
Men
when
they
saw
them
a
little
abate
of
their
Courage
and
Vigor
;
or
else
that
by
chance
some
Cavalier
of
the
Army
at
that
time
getting
upon
that
Hill
,
was
by
the
Princes
who
saw
him
at
the
same
time
taken
for
a
Warriour-Saint
who
was
descended
from
Heaven
to
their
Succour
.
Let
it
be
as
it
will
,
it
is
certain
that
this
Vision
,
or
at
least
the
Belief
that
it
was
very
true
,
had
the
most
admirable
Effect
that
ever
was
seen
;
for
no
sooner
was
the
Report
blown
about
,
but
the
Soldiers
perswading
themselves
that
it
was
St.
George
,
who
as
the
whole
Army
believed
he
had
done
at
the
Battle
of
Antioch
,
was
come
again
to
sight
for
them
,
instantly
reassumed
such
a
new
Courage
that
they
became
quite
other
men
;
for
they
returned
to
the
Combat
like
so
many
furious
Lions
,
and
even
all
,
without
distinction
of
Age
,
Sex
or
Condition
,
rushed
in
to
the
Assault
,
the
Sick
and
Maimed
not
Excepted
,
ran
before
the
Rolling
Machins
;
so
that
having
in
less
than
an
Hour
levelled
the
Way
which
hindred
their
advancing
,
they
pushed
them
Home
to
the
innermost
Wall
,
where
for
some
time
they
fought
at
push
of
Pike
and
Javelin
.
But
Godfrey
who
was
resolute
to
throw
himself
into
the
Town
,
bethought
himself
of
an
Invention
which
facilitated
his
Passage
and
cleared
the
Walls
in
a
Moment
;
for
the
Enemies
to
break
the
Force
of
the
Blows
of
the
Stones
and
Rams
which
battered
the
Walls
,
had
put
abundance
of
Sacks
filled
with
Chaff
,
Hay
and
Wool
,
Rugs
,
and
Alatresses
,
pieces
of
Cables
and
Ropes
,
and
a
hundred
other
things
of
that
Nature
which
they
thought
would
by
yielding
and
giing
way
,
year
1099
defend
the
Walls
from
those
Blows
of
the
battering
Engines
;
the
Duke
perceiving
that
the
Wind
blew
at
North
,
and
was
upon
his
Back
,
made
a
great
quantity
of
fire
Darts
be
shot
against
that
soft
and
combustible
Matter
,
which
catching
hold
of
them
,
very
easily
set
them
in
a
moment
all
into
a
Blaze
;
the
Flame
which
rose
very
high
,
with
a
mighty
thick
Smoak
,
being
driven
by
the
Violence
of
the
Wind
,
upon
the
Faces
of
those
who
defended
the
Walls
,
and
the
two
adjoyning
Towers
,
on
the
Right
and
Left
,
they
were
forced
at
last
to
Retire
and
leave
the
Place
Empty
.
The
Duke
thereupon
immediately
letting
down
his
Draw-Bridge
,
which
was
of
an
exact
Height
to
rest
upon
the
Wall
,
descended
instantly
to
the
second
Stage
,
where
putting
himself
at
the
Head
of
all
those
brave
Men
which
accompanied
him
,
he
threw
himself
,
with
his
Sword
in
his
Hand
,
into
the
Town
,
having
at
his
Side
Eustace
his
Brother
,
Baldwin
Earl
of
Bourg
his
Cousin
,
and
the
two
Valiant
Brothers
of
Tournay
,
Lethold
and
Engelbert
,
who
were
followed
by
the
brave
Guicher
,
and
that
choice
Troop
of
Lords
and
Gentlemen
,
who
never
Abandoned
the
Duke
.
In
a
little
while
after
,
the
Duke
of
Normandy
,
the
Earl
of
Flanders
,
and
Tancred
,
having
used
the
same
Artifice
to
drive
the
Enemies
from
the
Walls
,
threw
their
Bridge
over
the
Wall
also
,
and
entred
at
the
Angular
Tower
,
being
sollowed
by
Gaston
de
Foix
,
the
Earls
Hugh
de
St.
Paul
,
Gerrad
de
Rousillon
,
Raimband
de
Orange
,
Louïs
de
Mouson
,
Conon
de
Montaign
,
Lambert
his
Son
,
and
all
the
rest
,
who
desired
to
have
a
share
in
the
Glory
of
these
great
Men.
In
the
same
Instant
,
the
Soldiers
seeing
that
the
Princes
threw
themselves
into
the
Town
,
followed
by
the
principal
Persons
of
the
Army
,
they
were
so
Animated
,
that
they
ran
to
the
Assault
of
their
own
Accord
,
every
one
in
the
way
that
his
Courage
Inspired
him
with
,
these
presented
the
Ladders
,
and
pushed
one
another
forward
to
gain
the
Battlements
which
the
Enemies
had
Abandoned
,
those
mounted
the
second
Stage
of
the
Castles
,
to
pass
over
the
Bridges
,
and
the
greatest
part
desperately
threw
themselves
in
at
the
Breach
which
had
been
made
the
day
before
;
so
that
all
the
North
Side
of
the
Town
was
immediately
filled
with
the
Crusades
,
who
ran
to
break
open
the
Damascus
Gate
,
by
which
the
rest
of
the
Troops
instantly
Entred
.
So
that
the
Victory
being
now
Assured
,
they
used
the
Right
they
had
to
it
,
with
the
utmost
Rigor
,
against
those
Enemies
which
they
thought
they
were
bound
utterly
to
Exterminate
,
to
Revenge
the
Outrages
which
they
had
Committed
against
Christ
Jesus
,
and
the
Barbarous
Cruelties
which
they
had
so
often
Exercised
against
the
Christians
:
All
being
promiscuously
put
to
the
Sword
,
except
such
as
acknowledged
themselves
to
be
of
that
Religion
;
all
that
were
found
in
the
Streets
or
Market-places
were
cut
in
pieces
,
and
nothing
was
to
be
seen
but
the
flying
off
of
Heads
,
Leggs
and
Arms
cut
off
,
and
the
Carcases
of
Dismembred
Bodies
;
the
Streets
ran
with
little
Rivulets
of
Blood
,
and
it
was
impossible
to
step
without
treading
upon
Bodies
of
Men
dead
or
dying
;
and
few
there
were
that
escaped
this
first
Fury
,
for
the
poor
Christians
who
remained
at
Jerusalem
,
mingling
with
the
Soldiers
,
shewed
them
the
Houses
of
the
Sarasins
,
who
killed
the
very
Children
in
the
Arms
of
their
Mothers
,
if
it
were
possible
to
extinguish
that
accursed
Race
,
as
God
had
sometimes
Commanded
the
wicked
Amalekites
to
be
Destroyed
utterly
.
The
greatest
part
however
of
them
,
saved
themselves
in
the
Palace
and
in
the
Temple
,
believing
they
should
there
find
a
Sanctuary
,
till
this
first
Fury
of
the
Vanquishers
began
to
Relent
:
But
the
Vengeance
of
God
which
pursued
them
,
made
them
Assemble
thither
,
to
deliver
them
all
together
,
more
easily
into
the
Hands
of
those
whom
he
had
chosen
to
Execute
the
Sentence
of
his
Justice
against
them
;
For
Tancred
and
Gaston
de
Foix
,
followed
with
great
Numbers
,
Forcing
those
Places
,
made
such
a
horrible
Slaughter
of
those
Miserables
,
that
those
who
Assisted
at
that
lamentable
Spectacle
,
assure
us
,
that
the
Temple
and
the
Porch
,
were
so
filled
with
Blood
,
that
it
flowed
in
great
Streams
,
and
that
they
were
forced
to
wade
out
of
it
quite
over
their
Shoes
.
All
this
while
Earl
Raymond
combated
still
upon
his
Quarter
,
with
those
who
defended
that
part
of
the
Town
which
lies
between
the
South
and
West
,
hard
by
the
Tower
of
David
,
where
the
Emir
or
Governor
fought
in
Person
.
The
Earl
receiving
Intelligence
by
three
Gentlemen
who
were
sent
from
Duke
Godfrey
,
that
the
Town
was
taken
;
Ha!
what
?
cried
he
to
his
People
,
year
1099
The
French
are
already
in
Jerusalem
,
and
we
are
yet
disputing
our
Entry
with
these
Sarasins
.
These
Words
so
Animated
the
Gascons
and
the
Provencals
,
that
some
planting
the
Ladders
,
and
others
throwing
the
Bridge
of
their
Castle
over
the
Wall
,
they
threw
themselves
in
Flocks
into
the
Town
,
where
the
Enemies
,
who
at
the
same
time
understood
by
the
horrible
and
consused
Cries
behind
them
,
that
the
Christians
had
carried
the
Town
,
immediately
fled
and
retired
into
the
Fortress
;
the
Governor
then
seeing
the
Town
was
taken
upon
all
Sides
,
offered
the
Earl
instantly
to
surrender
the
Place
,
provided
he
would
save
his
Life
,
and
give
him
Liberty
to
Retire
to
Ascalon
:
This
,
the
Earl
,
who
was
glad
to
have
so
strong
a
Fort
in
his
Power
,
easily
accorded
to
;
so
the
Emir
opening
the
Gates
,
all
the
Earls
Army
entred
the
Town
,
and
began
on
their
side
to
do
the
same
Execution
which
the
Troops
of
the
other
Princes
had
done
;
all
went
down
without
Quarter
,
in
the
Streets
,
in
the
Houses
,
and
in
the
Porch
of
the
Temple
,
where
they
finished
the
Slaughter
of
those
who
had
escaped
the
Massacre
which
their
Companions
had
made
.
The
Number
of
the
Slain
in
this
only
Quarter
,
amounted
to
ten
thousand
,
those
which
were
Slain
upon
the
Walls
,
in
the
Streets
,
and
Houses
,
could
not
be
Computed
;
it
suffices
to
say
,
that
all
were
Slain
,
except
a
very
few
Slaves
who
were
spared
to
cleanse
the
City
,
which
was
doing
for
three
days
after
,
the
dead
Carcasses
being
piled
up
in
prodigious
Heaps
in
the
neighbouring
Valleys
,
and
so
Burnt
.
There
were
about
three
hundred
Sarasins
,
who
had
saved
themselves
from
the
Slaughter
,
in
the
Temple
upon
the
Roof
,
who
having
obtained
their
Lives
of
Tancred
,
and
his
Banner
,
which
they
erected
in
token
that
he
had
taken
them
into
his
Protection
;
but
the
next
Morning
they
were
all
slain
by
some
of
the
other
Troops
,
whereat
when
Tancred
was
mightily
displeased
,
looking
upon
it
as
a
base
Action
,
the
other
Princes
appeased
him
,
by
remonstrating
to
him
,
that
it
might
be
of
dangerous
Consequence
to
spare
those
People
,
who
might
do
them
a
great
many
Mischiefs
in
the
War
which
they
must
expect
to
make
with
the
Sultan
of
Babylon
.
In
short
,
never
was
there
seen
a
more
Complete
and
Terrible
Vengeance
than
this
which
was
taken
upon
these
Infidels
,
upon
this
Occasion
;
all
their
Houses
were
Plundred
,
and
the
whole
Army
found
wherewith
to
Inrich
themselves
beyond
Imagination
;
and
such
Quantity
of
Provisions
,
besides
what
was
laid
up
in
the
Magazins
,
as
might
have
served
them
,
if
the
Siege
had
lasted
,
without
being
raised
,
as
long
as
did
that
of
Antioch
.
But
the
richest
Booty
was
that
which
Tancred
got
in
the
Temple
of
Salomon
,
from
whence
he
took
an
inestimable
Treasure
in
Silver
,
Gold
,
and
precious
Stones
,
all
which
he
most
generously
gave
to
Duke
Godfrey
,
as
to
the
Person
,
to
whose
only
Courage
and
Conduct
it
was
due
;
and
God
by
this
way
was
pleased
to
make
him
a
Recompence
for
his
Piety
,
which
was
no
less
Heroick
than
his
Courage
in
this
Rencounter
.
For
whilest
all
the
rest
fell
upon
the
quarry
of
the
Spoil
,
he
,
so
soon
as
he
had
taken
Care
for
the
Safety
of
the
Town
,
went
Bare-soot
,
and
without
his
Arms
,
by
the
West
Gate
,
Accompanied
with
only
three
of
his
own
Domesticks
,
and
so
Re-entring
by
the
East
Gate
,
he
repaired
to
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
there
to
pay
to
Christ
Jesus
his
most
Humble
and
Ardent
Thanks
for
the
Mercy
shewn
him
,
in
giving
him
the
Happiness
,
after
so
many
Dangers
,
to
Accomplish
his
Wishes
and
his
Vow
,
in
the
Deliverance
of
the
Holy
City
.
There
is
certainly
,
nothing
that
acts
so
powerfully
upon
the
Minds
of
People
,
as
the
Example
of
their
Prince
,
be
it
Evil
,
or
be
it
Good
;
this
Devout
Action
of
Duke
Godfrey
,
did
so
sensibly
touch
the
whole
Army
,
that
passing
all
of
the
sudden
,
from
one
Extremity
to
another
,
the
Princes
,
the
Captains
,
the
Soldiers
,
the
People
,
and
generally
all
the
Crusades
,
together
with
the
Christians
of
Jerusalem
,
went
in
Procession
to
prostrate
themselves
at
the
Holy
Sepulchre
;
and
that
which
was
most
Admirable
,
they
there
paid
their
Vows
with
so
many
Tears
and
Sighs
,
and
so
many
Marks
of
a
Devotion
infinitely
Tender
,
that
one
could
difficultly
have
believed
that
these
were
People
who
had
come
to
take
a
City
by
Assault
,
and
to
make
such
a
dreadful
Slaughter
among
their
Enemies
,
seeing
them
now
so
busie
at
their
Devotions
,
and
in
such
deep
Meditation
of
the
Mysteries
of
Religion
,
which
seemed
to
have
made
so
absolute
a
Change
and
Alteration
in
their
Hearts
,
by
the
Power
of
that
Grace
of
God
,
year
1099
which
in
an
instant
turns
the
greatest
Sinners
into
the
greatest
Saints
.
Thus
was
Jerusalem
recovered
from
the
Infidels
by
the
Army
of
the
Crusades
,
in
the
fourth
Year
of
their
Expedition
,
the
fifteenth
day
of
July
,
upon
a
Friday
,
and
which
is
most
Remarkable
,
at
the
very
precise
Hour
wherein
the
Saviour
of
the
World
rendred
his
Blessed
Soul
into
the
Hands
of
Almighty
God
his
Father
;
as
if
the
Divine
Providence
had
determined
so
to
manage
the
Movements
of
this
great
Affair
,
that
the
Christians
should
recover
his
Inheritance
,
exposing
their
Lives
for
his
Glory
,
at
the
same
time
wherein
he
had
assured
them
of
Immortality
and
Glory
in
Heaven
,
by
dying
upon
the
Cross
to
purchase
it
for
them
.
Eight
days
after
this
happy
Conquest
,
during
which
time
News
was
brought
of
the
Death
of
the
Patriarch
Simeon
,
who
was
Deceased
in
the
Isle
of
Cyprus
,
the
Princes
and
Lords
who
followed
them
,
Assembled
to
Reestablish
the
ancient
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
,
by
giving
it
a
King
,
as
David
and
Solomon
,
and
the
other
Princes
their
Successors
had
been
,
till
the
Babylonish
Captivity
.
Count
Raymond
of
Tholose
was
then
proposed
,
but
whether
he
thought
himself
in
the
Age
to
which
he
was
advanced
,
too
weak
to
sustain
so
weighty
a
Charge
,
or
feared
that
this
Civility
which
was
offered
him
would
not
succeed
,
in
regard
his
own
People
,
who
had
already
twice
forsaken
him
,
acted
secretly
against
his
Pretensions
,
he
excused
himself
by
reason
of
his
Age
,
and
would
by
no
means
suffer
it
to
proceed
to
an
Election
.
The
same
Honor
was
also
offered
to
Robert
Duke
of
Normandy
;
but
this
Prince
having
a
great
Desire
to
return
as
soon
as
he
could
,
had
no
other
design
but
to
get
his
Chaplain
to
be
chosen
Patriarch
;
and
it
is
with
great
probability
of
Appearance
,
that
it
was
he
who
made
the
Speech
which
one
of
the
Writers
of
that
time
hath
transmitted
to
us
,
which
proposed
that
double
Election
after
this
manner
.
My
Lords
,
Since
it
is
full
time
,
after
having
Accomplished
so
happily
our
Vow
in
this
Glorious
Expedition
,
that
we
should
now
begin
to
think
of
Returning
into
Europe
,
to
Govern
in
our
Persons
those
Estates
which
God
hath
there
been
pleased
to
give
us
;
and
since
you
have
also
thought
it
expedient
,
with
all
convenient
Dispatch
,
to
take
care
for
the
Government
of
this
Place
,
which
we
came
to
reconquer
from
the
Infidels
;
Now
my
Lords
,
this
Capital
and
Holy
City
of
Jerusalem
,
being
both
a
Royalty
and
a
Patriarchate
,
it
is
necessary
that
it
should
have
both
a
King
and
a
Patriarchate
;
the
Royalty
and
the
Priesthood
are
so
nearly
linked
together
,
and
accord
so
well
,
that
the
one
cannot
be
without
the
other
;
for
that
hath
need
of
the
Priesthood
to
procure
the
Blessings
of
Heaven
,
and
this
stands
in
need
of
the
Royalty
to
support
it
,
and
strengthen
that
Spiritual
Authority
which
God
hath
Invested
it
withal
.
It
is
our
Duty
to
give
our
Assistance
to
the
Clergy
,
in
the
Choice
of
a
Pastor
for
this
Church
,
who
may
be
a
Man
of
Wisdom
,
Probity
,
Spirit
and
Eloquence
,
capable
of
so
great
an
Office
;
and
all
this
we
have
Experienced
in
Arnold
de
Rohes
,
who
is
without
Contradiction
,
the
most
Knowing
and
Able
Man
of
all
the
Ecclesiasticks
who
have
followed
the
Army
;
and
therefore
I
am
of
Opinion
that
we
,
who
are
to
take
Care
,
as
much
as
possibly
we
can
,
of
this
Church
,
ought
to
Recommend
him
to
their
Election
for
a
Patriarch
.
As
for
that
which
concerns
a
King
,
which
is
wholy
in
our
own
Power
,
I
can
see
nothing
that
should
Oblige
us
to
defer
the
Election
for
one
Moment
,
for
it
is
most
evident
that
we
ought
to
Chuse
without
any
sort
of
Hesitation
,
that
Person
,
whose
Piety
,
Modesty
,
Prudence
,
sweet
Temper
,
Clemency
,
Justice
,
Integrity
,
Liberality
,
Experience
in
War
,
Generosity
,
Valour
,
Successfulness
,
Reputation
,
and
the
Glory
which
he
hath
acquired
in
a
thousand
noble
Occasions
,
whose
strength
of
Age
,
of
Body
,
of
Spirit
whose
Nobleness
,
admirable
Composure
,
and
very
Air
of
Greatness
and
Majesty
,
worthy
of
an
Empire
,
and
a
hundred
other
Perfections
,
conspire
to
rank
him
among
the
greatest
Kings
that
ever
were
.
My
Lords
,
All
these
extraordinary
Qualities
which
render
themselves
so
Conspicuous
in
the
Person
that
possesses
them
,
make
it
appear
wholy
unnecessary
for
me
to
name
him
,
and
must
needs
have
prevented
me
in
that
Design
,
nor
is
it
what
I
can
say
,
but
it
comes
from
an
Authority
far
Superior
to
mine
.
God
himself
,
in
giving
him
these
surpassing
Advantages
above
the
rest
of
Mankind
,
hath
himself
named
the
Person
whom
he
hath
chosen
like
a
second
David
to
be
the
King
of
Jerusalem
,
It
is
the
Illustrious
Godfrey
of
Bullen
,
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
and
that
—
year
1099
The
Prince
could
not
sinish
the
rest
,
for
so
soon
as
he
had
pronounced
the
Name
of
Godfrey
,
all
the
whole
Assembly
Interrupted
him
,
crying
out
with
the
same
Mind
and
Voice
,
Godfrey
,
Godfrey
,
long
Live
Godfrey
the
most
puissant
and
pious
King
of
Jerusalem
.
And
notwithstanding
all
the
Resistance
which
the
Modesty
of
that
excellent
Prince
brought
to
oppose
it
,
he
was
obliged
instantly
to
consent
to
the
Election
,
which
by
so
suddain
and
universal
Consent
,
manifested
it self
to
have
the
Divine
Will
and
Approbation
.
The
very
same
day
he
was
Conducted
to
the
Church
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
and
there
Proclaimed
King
,
amidst
the
Acclamations
of
the
whole
Army
,
and
all
the
Christians
of
the
Country
,
who
came
flocking
in
to
Inhabit
the
City
of
Jerusalem
.
He
was
there
presented
with
a
Crown
of
Gold
,
which
he
absolutely
refused
,
protesting
that
he
would
never
wear
a
Crown
of
Gold
in
a
City
where
the
King
of
Kings
,
had
for
the
Sake
of
Mankind
worn
a
Crown
of
Thorns
.
And
tho
he
would
not
take
upon
himself
the
Title
of
King
,
yet
it
was
constantly
given
him
,
as
all
the
Historians
of
that
time
,
and
Posterity
have
ever
since
done
,
to
this
very
Day
;
and
certainly
never
any
King
better
deserved
to
wear
that
glorious
Title
,
which
he
adorned
with
so
many
Royal
Actions
;
the
first
was
of
Piety
,
for
he
Founded
two
Chapters
of
Canons
in
the
Churches
of
the
Temple
,
and
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
as
also
a
Monastery
in
the
Valley
of
Jehosaphat
.
The
second
was
of
his
Power
and
Authority
,
in
Obliging
Count
Raymond
to
put
into
his
Hands
,
the
strong
Fortress
of
the
Tower
of
David
,
which
he
pretended
to
keep
in
his
Possession
,
at
least
,
till
his
Return
into
France
though
he
was
generally
Condemned
by
the
whole
Army
for
it
,
and
even
by
his
own
Gascons
and
Provencalls
.
The
third
was
an
Action
of
incomparable
Valour
and
Conduct
,
manifested
in
that
memorable
Victory
which
he
obtained
over
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
;
for
the
Sultan
coming
too
late
to
Succour
his
People
,
Advanced
with
a
formidable
Army
to
Besiege
Jerusalem
,
but
King
Godfrey
eased
him
of
that
Trouble
;
For
so
soon
as
he
received
that
News
,
he
sent
to
recal
Tancred
,
and
Earl
Eustace
,
who
were
Marched
to
take
the
Fortress
of
Napolis
,
otherwise
called
Sichem
and
Sichar
,
formerly
the
place
where
Samaria
had
stood
:
And
as
these
two
Princes
,
who
were
Advanced
as
far
as
Rama
,
where
they
took
some
of
the
Enemies
Scouts
,
had
Advertised
him
,
that
the
Sultan
was
Incamped
at
Ascalon
,
a
City
upon
the
Sea-Coast
,
two
good
days
Journeys
from
Jerusalem
,
towards
Egypt
,
he
resolved
to
go
to
meet
him
,
and
notwithstanding
the
prodigious
Inequality
of
their
Forces
,
to
give
him
Battle
.
For
this
Purpose
,
having
first
Implored
the
Help
of
Heaven
by
publick
Prayers
,
at
which
he
assisted
with
marvellous
Devotion
,
he
parted
from
Jerusalem
upon
Tuesday
the
eleventh
day
of
August
,
with
the
Earl
of
Flanders
,
and
that
Arnold
de
Rohes
,
who
,
by
an
Intrigue
,
which
is
no
part
of
my
History
to
relate
,
was
now
chosen
Patriarch
of
Jerusalem
,
with
the
Consent
of
the
Pope
.
This
new
Patriarch
,
who
,
for
very
many
Reasons
was
not
so
very
agreeable
to
the
generality
of
the
People
,
thought
to
acquire
Reputation
,
by
shewing
his
extraordinary
Zeal
upon
this
Occasion
:
He
therefore
left
Peter
the
Hermite
to
take
Care
that
Prayers
might
be
made
to
God
Almighty
for
the
happy
Success
of
the
Arms
of
the
King
,
whom
he
would
follow
,
carrying
with
him
,
to
Encourage
the
Soldiers
,
a
part
of
the
Wood
of
the
true
Cross
,
which
an
honest
Christian
had
hid
during
the
Siege
,
lest
the
Sarasins
should
profane
it
.
The
same
day
the
King
joyned
Tancred
and
Count
Eustace
,
waiting
the
coming
up
of
the
Duke
of
Normandy
and
Earl
Raymond
,
who
met
him
at
Ibelin
,
which
was
Anciently
the
City
of
Gath
,
one
of
the
five
Cities
of
the
Lords
of
the
Philistins
,
some
few
Miles
from
Lidda
and
Ramula
.
The
next
day
they
advanced
together
to
the
Brook
Soreck
,
which
was
not
above
two
or
three
Leagues
from
the
Enemies
Camp
.
There
they
found
a
prodigious
Number
of
Horses
,
Oxen
,
Camels
,
Asses
,
Sheep
,
and
Goats
,
which
were
guarded
by
some
Arabians
,
who
were
easily
Routed
,
some
of
them
being
taken
Prisoners
,
by
whom
they
gained
Intelligence
of
the
Posture
of
the
Enemies
;
so
that
they
easily
Seized
upon
these
Flocks
and
Herds
of
Cattle
,
but
there
being
reason
to
fear
that
this
was
but
a
Snare
,
which
the
Sultan
had
laid
for
the
Christian
Army
,
to
fall
upon
them
whilest
they
were
busie
in
dividing
the
Prey
,
the
King
expresly
Prohibited
all
Persons
to
meddle
with
the
Booty
,
and
not
to
think
of
taking
any
thing
from
the
Enemy
,
till
they
had
gained
the
Battle
which
they
were
going
to
give
them
.
year
1099
In
short
,
the
next
Morning
,
being
Friday
,
and
the
Eve
of
the
Assumption
of
our
Lady
,
the
Army
at
break
of
day
passed
without
any
Trouble
the
Torrent
,
which
at
that
dry
Season
of
the
Summer
had
but
very
little
Water
in
it
;
and
the
Sultan
,
who
could
never
perswade
himself
that
the
Christians
would
dare
to
be
so
hardy
as
to
Advance
to
him
,
had
given
no
Order
to
hinder
their
Passage
,
or
to
Dispute
it
with
them
.
Never
was
there
seen
a
greater
Ardor
than
appeared
in
the
Countenances
of
the
Soldiers
upon
this
Occasion
;
so
much
Joy
,
and
so
much
Assurance
of
Victory
appeared
amongst
them
,
tho
they
were
but
a
handful
of
Men
in
comparison
of
the
infinite
Multitude
of
their
Enemies
;
for
those
who
speak
with
the
least
,
assure
us
that
there
were
a
hundred
thousand
Horse
,
and
above
three
hundred
thousand
Foot
in
their
Army
;
for
the
Sultan
,
who
had
set
his
Resolution
,
either
to
Preserve
or
Recover
Jerusalem
,
had
Amassed
all
the
Soldiers
,
that
possibly
he
could
,
out
of
Egypt
,
Lybia
,
Affrica
,
Ethiopia
,
Arabia
,
and
the
Towns
which
were
yet
Possessed
by
the
Turks
,
who
joyned
with
him
against
the
Christians
,
as
their
common
Enemies
:
And
the
Historians
who
speak
the
most
of
the
Christians
,
will
not
allow
them
to
be
above
twenty
thousand
,
among
which
,
about
five
thousand
Horse
,
they
being
not
in
a
Condition
to
Re-mount
the
Cavalry
since
the
Taking
of
Jerusalem
.
But
that
which
gave
this
Confidence
to
the
Christians
,
besides
the
Contempt
which
they
had
of
these
Numbers
of
Sarasins
,
which
they
made
no
account
of
,
was
the
Zeal
which
they
had
for
the
Glory
of
Christ
Jesus
,
and
the
eager
Desire
which
boyled
in
their
Hearts
,
to
Revenge
the
horrible
Blasphemy
of
the
Sultan
:
For
they
had
learned
from
the
Prisoners
,
that
this
impious
Miscreant
had
haughtily
threatned
to
Extirpate
all
the
Christians
and
their
Religion
out
of
the
East
,
that
he
would
rase
the
very
Foundations
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
and
utterly
Ruine
all
the
Monuments
of
Christian
Religion
,
and
thereby
spoil
the
Longing
of
those
of
the
West
,
to
make
any
more
such
Voyages
to
Jerusalem
.
They
passed
then
over
the
Torrent
,
with
Trumpets
Sounding
,
and
great
Shouts
of
Joy
,
as
if
it
had
been
in
Triumph
,
and
that
they
intended
with
their
small
Army
to
Affront
the
mighty
Number
of
their
Despised
Enemies
:
But
it
happened
by
a
very
surprizing
Accident
,
that
the
Mistake
of
their
Enemies
supplied
the
Defect
of
their
Number
,
by
making
them
appear
to
be
far
more
than
in
Reality
they
were
,
which
mistake
produced
all
the
Effect
that
could
have
been
hoped
or
wished
,
had
they
been
really
so
many
as
they
appeared
to
be
;
for
that
mighty
number
of
Cattle
which
had
been
taken
the
day
before
,
and
which
the
King
had
forbidden
the
Soldiers
to
meddle
with
,
followed
the
Army
as
they
passed
the
Rivulet
,
and
without
being
in
the
least
Conducted
by
any
,
Ranged
themselves
in
the
order
of
Troops
upon
their
March
,
as
if
it
had
been
the
Rere-guard
of
an
Army
,
extending
themselves
to
the
left
Hand
,
to
the
very
Foot
of
the
Mountains
which
border
upon
the
East
,
covering
all
that
large
Campain
,
which
from
the
Brook
extends
it self
even
to
Ascalon
,
which
lies
on
the
right
Hand
upon
the
Sea
Coast
;
and
as
these
Animals
filled
all
the
Plain
,
even
to
the
Mountains
,
and
that
the
Horses
Excited
by
the
Noise
of
the
Trumpets
,
fell
to
Neighing
,
according
to
their
couragious
Nature
,
in
such
a
manner
that
they
might
be
heard
afar
off
,
so
these
great
Herds
of
other
Cattle
in
Marching
,
raised
such
mighty
Clouds
of
Dust
between
them
and
the
Sarasins
,
that
not
being
able
to
distinguish
clearly
,
they
took
them
for
part
of
the
Christian
Army
,
and
particularly
,
for
Squadrons
of
Cavalry
,
and
consequently
their
Fear
also
multiplying
them
in
their
amazed
Imaginations
,
they
conjectured
that
their
Number
was
not
at
all
inferior
to
theirs
;
whereupon
they
were
Seised
with
a
general
Consternation
,
and
not
being
able
to
disabuse
their
troubled
imaginations
,
they
stood
as
if
they
had
been
stupid
,
thinking
they
were
to
deal
with
a
million
of
Christians
,
who
since
the
taking
of
Jerusalem
,
were
Arrived
from
the
West
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Armies
being
thus
near
,
there
was
a
necessity
of
Fighting
;
that
of
the
Christians
was
divided
into
three
Bodies
,
Count
Raymond
Commanded
the
Right
Point
,
which
was
extended
to
the
Sea
,
that
so
they
might
not
be
Surrounded
on
that
side
;
The
King
took
the
Left
,
that
so
he
might
be
opposite
to
the
Right
of
the
Enemy
where
their
Principal
Squadrons
were
ranged
:
The
Duke
of
Normandy
,
the
Earl
of
Flanders
,
Tancred
,
year
1099
and
Gaston
de
Foix
were
in
the
middle
with
the
main
Body
of
the
Battle
:
These
three
Bodies
were
ranged
upon
two
Lines
,
in
the
first
of
which
were
drawn
up
the
Infantry
with
very
large
Intervals
between
the
Batalions
,
and
in
the
second
the
Cavalry
,
following
here
in
the
new
Order
which
the
King
had
given
and
which
was
most
exactly
well
performed
,
thereby
to
put
the
Enemies
in
Disorder
;
The
Enemies
were
also
drawn
up
in
two
long
Lines
,
wherein
the
Batalions
and
Squadrons
,
had
a
great
depth
and
looked
like
two
great
Armies
seperated
one
from
the
other
a
great
distance
,
that
they
might
not
confound
and
indamage
one
another
by
reason
of
their
Multitude
.
The
Lieutenant
General
,
who
was
an
Armenian
Renegade
,
and
the
same
that
had
taken
Jerusalem
from
the
Turks
the
Year
before
,
commanded
the
Right
Wing
,
where
were
the
Turkish
Auxiliary
Troops
and
the
greatest
Part
of
the
Cavalry
,
which
enlarged
themselves
towards
the
Mountain
to
charge
the
Christians
in
the
Flank
.
The
Affricans
and
the
Arabians
were
in
the
Left
,
and
the
Sultan
himself
with
the
Aegyptians
,
invironed
with
all
his
Braves
of
Babylon
and
Grand
Cairo
,
was
in
the
main
Battle
;
the
Ethiopians
had
the
Van
in
Regard
of
their
manner
of
Fight
,
which
was
to
expect
the
Enemy
with
one
Knee
upon
the
Ground
,
and
after
having
in
this
Posture
discharged
their
Arrows
,
they
made
use
of
certain
Iron
Flails
with
which
they
discharged
weighty
Blows
upon
the
Casks
and
Bucklers
of
their
Enemies
to
break
them
in
pieces
;
The
Sultan
had
caused
it
to
be
proclaimed
among
the
Ranks
as
they
stood
in
Batalia
,
that
there
were
no
more
Christians
than
that
pittiful
Company
which
faced
them
,
and
that
the
great
Number
with
which
their
Imagination
was
so
disturbed
was
nothing
but
a
pure
Illusion
;
that
he
would
not
have
them
permit
one
single
man
of
these
Robbers
to
escape
,
whom
the
Despair
of
being
able
to
escape
his
hands
,
and
no
other
reason
had
brought
to
the
Battle
.
But
the
fear
which
had
already
seized
upon
the
Judement
of
these
Barbarians
,
would
not
suffer
them
to
understand
any
thing
that
was
said
,
nor
give
them
leave
to
disbelieve
their
misinformed
Senses
,
which
told
them
they
saw
what
indeed
was
not
,
an
infinite
Number
of
Enemies
whom
they
were
to
encounter
.
The
Crusades
all
this
time
advanced
still
deliberately
,
encouraged
by
the
King
,
who
spoke
much
better
to
them
by
the
Language
of
that
Joy
which
they
saw
in
his
Countenance
,
the
Fire
that
mounted
into
his
Eyes
,
and
the
Assurance
of
his
Mine
,
Fierce
and
yet
seeming
to
despise
and
contemn
his
Enemies
,
and
by
the
Terrible
Glittering
of
his
Sword
,
than
by
any
words
he
could
have
spoken
,
which
would
difficultly
have
been
understood
among
the
Noise
of
the
Trumpets
and
the
chearful
shouts
which
the
Soldiers
gave
when
they
saw
him
in
that
Condition
.
So
soon
as
they
were
come
within
distance
,
the
Infantry
according
to
the
Order
which
had
been
given
,
all
together
discharged
their
Arrows
,
and
at
the
same
time
the
Horse
ran
at
full
Speed
in
the
Intervals
between
the
Batalions
,
with
their
Lances
couched
against
the
Sarasins
,
and
performed
the
Charge
so
swiftly
that
they
did
not
give
them
Liberty
to
draw
their
Bows
;
above
all
,
the
Brave
Duke
of
Normandy
,
who
was
accustomed
in
every
Battle
to
distinguish
himself
by
some
great
and
Illustrious
Action
,
having
observed
the
great
Standard
by
its
shining
Embroidery
of
Silver
,
and
the
Golden
Apple
which
glistered
under
the
point
of
it
,
he
ran
upon
him
who
carried
it
,
and
tumbled
him
dead
at
the
Feet
of
the
Sultans
;
all
the
rest
in
their
places
charged
so
Home
,
and
the
Foot
also
without
further
troubling
their
Darts
or
Arrows
,
with
their
Swords
flew
in
like
Lightning
at
the
Breach
which
the
Horse
had
made
in
the
Batalions
,
so
that
the
Sarasins
already
shaken
with
the
Fear
which
their
false
Imagination
had
imprinted
in
their
Hearts
,
made
a
very
miserable
Resistance
,
and
so
absolutely
lost
their
Courage
and
their
Sense
,
that
throwing
away
their
Arms
,
some
of
them
stood
immoveable
as
if
they
had
been
stupid
,
and
suffered
themselves
to
be
Slain
without
making
any
manner
of
Defence
,
whilest
others
of
them
scrambled
up
the
Trees
which
were
there
,
the
Soldiers
fetching
them
down
with
a
certain
Cruel
Pleasure
with
their
Arrows
as
if
they
had
been
little
Birds
;
some
of
them
threw
themselves
down
upon
the
Earth
,
either
thinking
to
escape
Death
by
counterfeiting
it
among
the
Heaps
of
those
that
were
dead
,
year
1099
or
as
if
they
submitted
to
receive
it
according
to
the
Pleasure
of
the
Victors
,
some
of
them
crept
upon
their
Bellies
,
others
continued
in
the
kneeling
Posture
without
stirring
,
as
did
the
Ethiopians
upon
whom
Godfrey
and
his
Troops
fell
,
cutting
off
Heads
and
Arms
with
mighty
Blows
of
the
Cimiter
,
in
that
very
Posture
wherein
he
found
them
with
one
knee
on
the
Ground
,
they
never
offering
to
make
one
Discharge
against
him
.
Those
on
the
Left
Wing
,
where
the
Gascons
and
Provencals
under
Earl
Raymond
fought
,
made
also
a
most
bloody
Execution
,
and
charged
the
Enemy
so
impetuously
,
that
to
avoid
their
Death
they
hastened
it
,
throwing
themselves
and
crouding
one
another
Headlong
into
the
Sea
,
where
they
were
swallowed
up
in
a
Moment
,
sparing
the
Victorious
Christians
the
Trouble
of
killing
them
with
the
Mortal
Steel
.
In
a
word
,
all
the
rest
betook
themselves
to
flight
,
and
in
flying
broke
and
entangled
those
of
the
Second
Line
who
had
not
yet
struck
a
Blow
;
but
yet
that
did
not
prevent
their
having
a
share
in
the
Misfortune
of
the
first
,
for
the
Conquerors
eagerly
pursued
the
Fugitives
,
killing
them
continually
to
the
very
Gates
of
Ascalon
.
There
the
Croud
was
so
great
,
every
one
striving
to
be
foremost
to
save
himself
,
and
they
precipitated
one
another
over
the
Draw-Bridge
in
such
Numbers
,
that
two
thousand
of
them
were
drowned
and
smothered
in
the
Moat
.
The
Sultan
himself
unable
to
stop
the
flight
of
his
Men
,
had
like
there
to
have
perished
;
and
not
thinking
himself
safe
in
the
Town
he
quitted
it
,
and
with
the
hast
of
a
flying
Coward
threw
himself
aboard
the
Ships
which
he
had
in
the
Port
loaden
with
all
sorts
of
Engines
for
the
Siege
of
Jerusalem
.
It
is
true
that
some
of
the
Crusades
made
too
much
hast
to
fall
to
the
Plunder
,
insomuch
that
they
were
in
Danger
of
being
surprized
by
the
Lieutenant
General
who
had
rallied
some
Troops
to
make
his
Advantage
of
such
an
Opportunity
;
but
the
King
whose
Vigilant
Eye
was
every
where
,
perceiving
it
run
immediately
to
their
Succour
,
and
not
only
disingaged
his
own
men
,
but
cut
in
pieces
those
miserable
Remnants
of
his
Enemies
,
and
thereby
rendred
the
Victory
absolute
and
compleat
,
although
it
was
not
yet
much
above
twelve
of
the
Clock
.
After
which
he
gave
the
Pillage
to
the
Victorious
Army
,
which
got
there
the
Richest
Booty
that
they
had
hitherto
met
withal
during
the
whole
War
:
for
the
Great
Lords
of
Babylon
,
and
all
the
considerable
Persons
of
Egypt
and
the
Neighbouring
Regions
,
were
come
in
their
most
magnificent
Equipage
to
attend
the
Sultan
,
who
had
also
brought
with
him
an
inestimable
Treasure
,
and
vast
Quantities
of
all
manner
of
Provisions
for
the
Entertainment
of
so
great
an
Army
:
and
besides
,
they
who
were
to
share
in
this
prodigious
Booty
were
but
an
inconsiderable
Number
in
Comparison
of
those
who
had
been
Parties
in
the
other
Battles
.
In
this
Battle
there
were
slain
thirty
thousand
upon
the
place
,
and
twice
as
many
in
the
Pursuit
in
,
the
whole
above
one
hundred
thousand
Men
,
without
counting
those
who
were
stifled
at
the
Gate
of
Ascalon
,
or
those
others
who
threw
themselves
into
the
Sea
,
which
though
they
were
a
great
Number
yet
it
was
impossible
to
compute
them
.
On
the
part
of
the
Christians
there
was
not
any
one
man
of
Note
,
nor
so
much
as
one
Horseman
slain
,
and
but
a
very
inconsiderable
Number
of
the
Infantry
,
and
of
those
,
most
were
of
that
unruly
sort
of
Soldiers
who
disbanded
themselves
from
their
Colours
to
run
to
the
Plunder
.
Thus
the
King
having
assured
his
new
Kingdom
by
this
great
and
Memorable
Victory
,
led
the
Army
back
again
loaden
with
Spoils
and
Glory
to
Jerusalem
,
where
it
entred
in
a
kind
of
Triumph
which
was
finished
by
the
solemn
returning
of
Thanks
to
Jesus
Christ
at
his
Holy
Sepulchre
;
There
Robert
Duke
of
Normandy
hung
up
the
great
Standard
of
the
Sultan
,
as
his
Sword
also
,
which
in
his
Flight
he
had
let
fall
,
and
which
to
add
to
his
Offering
,
he
bought
of
a
Soldier
who
had
found
it
.
See
here
the
true
Account
of
the
Battle
of
Ascalon
,
which
was
rather
a
flight
on
the
one
side
,
and
a
Slaughter
on
the
other
,
than
a
Combat
;
which
Tasso
nevertheless
hath
rendred
famous
by
a
hundred
Beautiful
and
Magnificent
Falsities
,
which
his
Art
gives
him
the
License
to
add
throughout
his
Poem
,
of
which
he
makes
this
the
Conclusion
,
as
indeed
it
was
also
of
this
first
Crusade
.
For
the
Princes
and
great
Lords
with
those
who
had
followed
them
,
believing
that
they
had
fully
accomplished
their
Vow
,
took
their
Leave
of
the
King
to
return
into
their
respective
Countries
and
Habitations
;
year
1099
but
in
Regard
it
is
the
History
of
the
Crusades
,
and
not
only
that
of
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
which
I
undertake
to
write
,
I
shall
not
treat
of
that
but
so
concisely
as
may
be
,
and
as
it
hath
a
necessary
Connexion
to
that
of
the
Crusades
,
in
making
it
known
by
the
Consequent
Events
,
the
Occasions
and
the
Causes
which
gave
Birth
and
Rise
to
the
others
,
and
as
it
shews
the
Condition
in
which
the
Christian
Princes
found
the
East
when
they
were
published
,
and
when
they
undertook
their
Voyages
to
assist
them
.
year
1100
After
that
the
Crusades
to
the
Number
of
about
twenty
thousand
had
quitted
the
Holy
Land
,
Godfrey
,
who
had
not
remaining
with
him
more
than
three
hundred
Horse
and
about
two
thousand
Foot
,
together
with
Tancred
who
never
abandoned
him
,
received
a
reinforcement
from
Italy
,
which
was
brought
him
by
Dambert
Arch-Bishop
of
Pisa
,
Legat
to
Pope
Paschal
the
second
,
who
succeeded
Pope
Vrban
.
It
was
with
these
few
Troops
that
the
King
to
inlarge
the
Frontiers
of
his
new
Kingdom
conquered
the
places
which
were
yet
untaken
round
about
Jerusalem
;
After
which
he
made
himself
Master
of
Tiberias
,
and
other
Towns
upon
the
Lake
of
Genazareth
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
Galilee
the
Government
whereof
he
bestowed
upon
Tancred
.
He
compelled
also
the
Emirs
of
Ptolemais
,
Cesarea
,
Antipatris
,
and
Ascalon
to
become
his
Tributaries
;
and
the
Arabian
Princes
beyond
Jordan
,
in
most
humble
manner
to
beg
Peace
of
him
.
After
which
he
caused
the
Port
and
the
City
of
Joppa
,
which
afterwards
was
called
Jaffa
,
to
be
fortified
,
where
he
received
the
Succours
of
the
Venetians
,
who
being
joyned
with
Tancred
,
some
time
after
took
Caiphas
at
the
Foot
of
Mount
Carmel
.
And
now
after
so
many
Toils
being
fallen
sick
he
caused
himself
to
be
removed
to
Jerusalem
,
whereupon
the
eight
day
of
July
in
the
fortieth
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
the
first
of
his
Reign
he
rendred
his
glorious
Soul
into
the
Hands
of
his
Almighty
Redeemer
by
a
most
Religious
Death
.
He
was
a
Prince
in
whom
all
the
Vertues
,
Christian
,
Civil
,
and
Military
were
assembled
in
the
highest
Point
of
Humane
Perfection
without
the
Mixture
of
any
Default
,
so
that
it
will
for
ever
remain
difficult
to
find
another
like
him
,
or
of
whom
one
may
without
the
Magnifying
Vice
of
Flattery
say
the
same
things
,
even
among
the
Catalogue
of
the
greatest
Saints
.
Baldwin
his
Brother
succeeded
him
;
and
leaving
to
his
Consin
Baldwin
Earl
of
Bourg
,
the
Principality
of
Edessa
,
with
a
few
Troops
marched
to
Jerusalem
,
from
whence
Tancred
,
after
having
rendred
Caiphas
into
his
Hands
,
was
retired
,
in
Order
to
his
taking
upon
him
the
Principality
of
Antioch
,
during
the
Imprisonment
of
his
Uncle
Bohemond
,
who
had
,
by
an
Ambuscade
which
they
laid
for
him
,
been
taken
by
the
Turks
.
year
1101
This
new
King
who
though
he
was
nothing
comparable
either
in
Sanctity
or
Prudence
to
his
Brother
,
had
notwithstanding
many
excellent
Qualities
and
Endowments
,
and
above
all
others
he
was
most
extraordinary
Valiant
and
a
great
Soldier
.
In
the
beginning
of
the
Spring
making
a
League
with
the
Naval
Forces
of
Genoa
,
at
Jaffa
,
he
with
their
Assistance
took
Antipatris
and
Cesarea
,
and
in
Conclusion
,
in
a
set
Battle
Vanquished
the
Army
of
the
Sarasins
of
Egypt
,
but
the
Year
following
,
year
1102
happening
too
wilfully
and
with
Precipitation
to
engage
in
the
Plain
of
Rama
,
without
staying
for
his
Infantry
,
though
his
Army
consisted
in
twenty
thousand
Foot
,
and
ten
thousand
Horse
,
he
lost
the
Bactle
,
and
many
French
Princes
and
Lords
,
who
at
that
time
were
come
to
visit
the
Holy
Places
.
For
so
soon
as
it
was
known
in
France
,
that
Jerusalem
was
taken
,
there
were
an
Infinite
Number
of
People
of
all
Ages
and
Qualities
,
who
for
Devotion
undertook
that
Voyage
;
the
Principal
Persons
were
Hugh
the
Great
,
and
the
Earl
of
Blois
,
who
being
retired
into
France
,
the
one
before
,
the
other
after
the
taking
of
Antioch
,
thought
to
repair
that
Fault
by
this
second
Voyage
;
also
the
Earls
William
de
Poitiers
,
Geoffry
de
Vendosme
,
Stephen
de
Burgogne
,
and
Hugh
Brother
to
Earl
Raymond
of
Tholose
,
who
having
stayed
some
time
at
Constantinople
to
treat
with
the
Emperor
Alexis
,
joyned
themselves
with
those
Princes
.
The
other
Nations
,
and
particularly
the
Lombards
and
the
Cermans
would
also
have
a
part
in
this
Expedition
;
and
the
Number
of
these
new
Pilgrims
was
so
excessive
great
,
that
counting
also
the
French
,
there
arrived
when
they
passed
into
Asia
,
year
1102
two
hundred
and
sixty
Thousand
men
;
but
as
it
was
nothing
else
but
a
confused
Multitude
of
disorderly
Voluntiers
of
all
sorts
of
Conditions
which
followed
them
without
Order
,
Discipline
,
Obedience
,
and
almost
without
Arms
,
and
that
the
Princes
and
Bishops
went
rather
in
Pilgrimage
than
to
a
Holy
War
after
the
Conquest
of
Jerusalem
,
I
do
not
reckon
this
among
the
Crusades
.
And
indeed
,
there
never
was
one
more
irregular
,
or
less
fortunate
;
for
the
greatest
part
of
these
ill
conducted
Pilgrims
perished
by
the
Miseries
of
the
Way
,
or
by
the
Arms
of
the
Turks
under
Soliman
with
whom
the
Persidious
Alexis
had
before-hand
complotted
their
Destruction
;
there
perished
a
hundred
thousand
men
,
besides
an
infinite
Number
of
Women
who
were
led
into
miserable
Captivity
.
The
Earl
of
Poitiers
having
lost
all
,
was
reduced
to
the
deplorable
Necessity
to
make
his
Voyage
on
Foot
;
Hugh
the
Great
could
not
finish
his
,
but
died
by
the
way
at
Tarsus
in
Cilicia
.
The
Earl
of
Tholose
making
Use
of
the
small
Remainder
of
the
Pilgrims
to
regain
Tortosa
from
the
Saracens
,
who
had
seized
it
,
abandoned
his
Benefactors
,
and
fortified
himself
in
his
Conquest
,
following
the
Design
which
he
had
always
cherished
to
acquire
some
little
Principality
in
the
East
.
The
rest
after
having
visited
the
Holy
Places
conducted
by
their
ill
Destiny
,
compleated
their
Misfortunes
by
joyning
with
the
King
in
this
unhappy
Battle
;
only
the
Earl
of
Poitiers
escaped
,
having
taken
Shipping
at
Jaffa
in
order
to
his
return
into
France
;
the
rest
who
stayed
were
either
slain
upon
the
Place
,
as
were
the
Earls
of
Blois
and
Burgogne
,
or
taken
Prisoners
,
as
were
the
Earl
of
Bourges
,
and
many
other
brave
though
unfortunate
Persons
.
The
King
nevertheless
escaped
to
Rama
;
and
in
a
few
days
having
drawn
together
the
Troops
of
Antipatris
,
Tiberias
,
Jerusalem
and
Jaffa
,
into
which
Place
he
had
put
himself
,
he
made
a
Sally
to
so
good
purpose
upon
his
Enemies
,
who
prepared
to
besiege
him
,
that
in
the
End
he
constrained
them
to
take
their
Flight
leaving
to
him
all
the
Marks
of
an
absolute
Victory
,
the
Field
of
Battle
,
the
Bodies
of
the
Slain
,
all
their
Engines
and
their
Baggage
.
After
which
he
took
Ptoelmais
,
by
the
Help
of
the
Genoese
who
besieged
it
by
Sea
with
seventy
Ships
;
he
a
second
time
defeated
the
Saracens
of
Egypt
in
the
Plain
of
Rama
,
he
took
the
City
of
Tripolis
,
year
1105
which
under
the
Denomination
of
an
Earldom
,
and
the
Condition
of
Homage
he
conferred
upon
Bertrand
the
Son
of
the
Earl
of
Tholose
,
year
1109
who
was
dead
about
four
years
before
;
he
made
himself
Master
of
Sidon
,
Beritus
,
and
all
the
Sea-Coast
Towns
excepting
Tyre
,
which
he
kept
blocked
up
by
the
Fortress
of
Scandalion
which
he
caused
to
be
built
upon
the
Coast
some
five
Miles
from
that
City
,
in
the
same
place
where
Alexander
the
Great
had
formerly
formed
his
Camp
when
he
besieged
that
City
:
In
the
End
after
having
also
built
upon
the
further
side
of
Jordan
,
the
Castle
of
Mont-Real
,
to
bridle
the
Incursions
of
the
Arabians
,
and
having
carried
his
Victorious
Arms
even
into
Egypt
,
year
1118
he
died
of
the
Flux
,
and
was
interred
near
his
Brother
Godfrey
at
the
Foot
of
Mount
Calvary
,
in
a
Chappel
adjoyning
to
the
Church
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
.
He
left
the
Christians
in
Possession
of
four
large
Soveraignties
which
they
had
conquered
in
the
East
;
the
first
was
the
Earldom
of
Edessa
which
extended
it self
from
the
further
side
of
Euphrates
to
the
River
Tygris
;
the
second
was
the
Principality
of
Antioch
,
in
which
was
comprized
all
the
Country
which
is
between
Tarsus
of
Cilicia
,
towards
the
West
,
and
the
City
of
Maraclea
on
the
East
,
upon
the
Coast
of
the
Phenician
Sea
as
far
as
Tortosa
.
It
was
afterwards
governed
by
Roger
the
Cousin
of
Tancred
,
after
the
Death
of
that
brave
Prince
,
who
had
governed
it
till
after
the
Deliverance
of
his
Uncle
;
and
then
returning
into
France
,
he
married
Constance
the
Daughter
of
King
Philip
the
first
,
and
after
having
made
War
in
Epirus
and
in
Dalmatia
with
the
Greek
Emperor
,
he
died
in
Italy
,
leaving
behind
him
a
Son
of
his
own
Name
.
The
third
was
the
Earldom
of
Tripolis
,
which
extends
it self
along
the
Sea-Coast
of
Phenicia
beyond
Maraclea
as
far
as
the
River
Adonis
which
runs
between
Biblis
and
Baruth
.
The
fourth
was
the
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
,
which
beginning
at
the
same
River
,
stretches
it self
almost
to
the
Castle
of
Daron
upon
the
Frontier
of
Idumea
near
unto
Egypt
.
In
this
flourishing
Estate
stood
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
in
the
East
at
the
death
of
Baldwin
the
second
.
His
Brother
Eustace
,
Earl
of
Bullen
,
who
ought
to
have
succeeded
him
,
was
at
that
time
in
France
;
and
in
Regard
there
was
a
Necessity
that
they
should
have
a
King
who
should
be
actually
within
the
Kingdom
,
year
1118
to
maintain
things
in
that
Condition
wherein
they
stood
,
against
so
many
Potent
Enemies
which
they
had
upon
all
hands
,
therefore
the
Earl
of
Edessa
,
his
Cousin
,
Baldwin
de
Bourg
,
who
was
at
that
time
at
Jerusalem
,
was
called
to
the
Succession
of
the
Kingdom
,
which
he
took
upon
him
,
leaving
the
Earldom
of
Edessa
to
Josselin
Earl
of
Courtenay
who
was
his
Kinsman
.
Now
in
Regard
that
it
was
in
the
Beginning
of
his
Reign
that
the
Order
of
the
Knights
Templers
were
first
founded
in
his
Palace
,
and
that
it
is
requisite
something
should
be
said
of
these
Knights
,
as
also
of
the
other
Order
which
was
called
Hospitallers
,
I
think
it
will
not
be
amiss
in
a
few
Words
to
inform
the
Reader
of
the
Original
,
the
Intention
,
the
manner
of
Living
,
and
the
Employ
of
these
Military
Orders
,
which
were
established
in
Palestine
under
the
first
Kings
of
Jerusalem
.
It
is
certain
,
that
before
the
Christian
Princes
had
conquered
the
Holy
Land
there
were
Hospitallers
at
Jerusalem
,
whereof
some
received
and
Entertained
the
Pilgrims
which
came
from
all
Parts
of
Christendom
to
visit
the
Holy
Places
;
and
others
of
them
had
the
Charge
of
the
Poor
Sick
and
Diseased
People
,
and
particularly
of
the
Lepers
of
which
there
were
great
Numbers
in
those
times
;
Those
who
were
called
the
Hospitallers
of
St.
Lazarus
are
far
more
Ancient
than
the
first
of
these
,
as
appears
by
the
great
Number
of
Hospitals
and
Insirmaries
,
of
the
Name
of
St.
Lazarus
,
which
were
wholly
intended
and
principally
in
the
East
for
such
as
were
afflicted
with
the
Leprosie
.
St.
Gregory
Nazianzen
assures
us
,
that
St.
Basil
built
one
at
Cesarea
dedicated
to
the
same
Saint
,
the
supposed
Protector
of
the
Lepers
,
and
that
he
gave
Rules
to
these
Charitable
Hospitallers
,
who
devoted
themselves
to
the
Service
of
those
diseased
People
.
As
for
the
others
who
made
Profession
to
serve
the
Pilgrims
of
the
Holy
Land
,
they
were
not
in
being
till
a
long
time
after
,
that
the
Merchants
of
Amalphi
in
Italy
who
trafficked
into
Syria
,
obtained
Permission
of
one
of
the
Caliphs
to
build
a
Monastery
near
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
to
which
they
added
a
Hospital
and
an
Oratory
dedicated
to
St.
John
the
Eleemosynary
,
there
to
receive
the
poor
Pilgrims
as
well
as
the
sick
and
diseased
.
For
after
they
were
embodied
into
a
Community
,
as
formerly
they
took
Care
only
of
the
Infirm
and
Leprous
;
so
now
there
were
others
who
were
particularly
appointed
to
attend
the
Pilgrims
,
and
both
the
one
and
the
other
were
indifferently
called
Hospitallers
;
they
lived
a
long
time
in
this
peaceable
Exercise
of
Charity
,
under
one
Superior
who
was
called
the
Master
of
the
Hospital
;
until
that
after
tho
Conquest
of
Palestine
by
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
,
they
took
up
Arms
not
only
for
the
Desence
of
the
poor
Pilgrims
,
but
also
to
serve
the
Kings
of
Jerusalem
,
for
whom
they
performed
many
notable
Services
in
their
Wars
.
And
for
this
Reason
the
Hospitallers
divided
their
Community
into
three
different
Ranks
,
of
which
the
first
was
that
of
Knights
who
went
to
the
Wars
;
the
second
of
Friers
or
Brothers
Servitors
,
who
had
the
Charge
of
the
Sick
and
the
Pilgrims
;
and
the
third
was
that
of
Ecclesiasticks
and
Chaplains
who
administred
the
Sacraments
;
and
this
Company
which
was
thus
advanced
into
a
Military
Order
was
also
confirmed
by
Pope
Paschal
the
second
.
It
was
in
Imitation
of
these
Armed
Hospitallers
,
that
many
others
also
much
about
the
same
time
,
taking
up
the
Profession
of
Arms
at
Jerusalem
,
began
to
establish
other
new
Military
Orders
.
The
first
were
those
who
had
the
Guard
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
for
many
Ages
,
and
that
King
Baldwin
the
First
,
of
Canons
which
they
were
before
,
changed
them
into
Knights
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
.
They
retired
after
the
loss
of
the
Holy
Land
into
Italy
where
they
setled
at
Perouse
,
and
continued
there
,
till
such
time
as
Pope
Innocent
the
eighth
sent
them
to
the
Knights
of
the
Rhodes
;
the
Fathers
Cordeliers
succeeded
them
in
keeping
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
and
to
this
day
retain
the
Power
of
giving
the
Honor
of
Knight-hood
to
such
noble
Persons
as
resort
thither
to
visit
the
Holy
Places
.
Some
time
after
,
about
the
Year
1118.
nine
French
Gentlemen
,
of
whom
the
Principal
were
Hugh
de
Payn
,
and
Geffry
de
Saint
Omer
,
going
to
present
themselves
before
Guarimond
the
Patriarch
of
Jerusalem
,
he
perswaded
them
so
Effectually
,
that
between
his
Hands
they
took
upon
them
a
Vow
of
Chastity
and
Obedience
,
year
1118
and
to
employ
their
Lives
in
defending
the
Passes
,
and
keeping
the
Ways
clear
and
free
for
the
Pilgrims
who
came
to
the
Holy
Land
.
King
Baldwin
gave
them
Lodgings
in
his
Palace
near
the
Temple
,
and
from
thence
they
came
to
be
called
Templers
,
or
Knights
of
the
Temple
:
They
continued
nine
Years
in
this
manner
,
their
Number
not
at
all
Increasing
,
and
without
all
distinction
of
Habits
,
until
the
Year
1128
,
when
Pope
Honorius
the
Second
bestowed
upon
them
at
the
Council
of
Troyes
a
Rule
with
a
white
Habit
,
to
which
Eugenius
the
Third
added
a
red
Cross
.
And
after
that
time
,
as
they
acquired
a
mighty
Reputation
by
their
Virtue
,
Courage
,
and
admirable
Things
which
they
did
against
the
Infidels
,
so
their
Order
grew
mightily
,
and
became
so
Puissant
,
by
the
great
Estates
which
were
every
where
Conferred
upon
them
,
that
they
became
equal
in
their
Fortune
to
the
greatest
Princes
;
But
in
Conclusion
,
these
great
Revenues
,
which
at
first
were
the
Recompences
,
and
the
Testimonies
of
their
Merit
,
became
the
Occasion
of
their
Misfortune
;
for
from
thence
sprung
those
Disorders
with
which
they
are
but
too
justly
Reproached
,
though
possibly
the
Hatred
into
which
they
fell
,
by
reason
of
their
Pride
and
Arrogance
,
may
have
represented
those
Disorders
greater
than
they
were
in
Reality
;
yet
it
is
certain
that
they
gave
an
Occasion
to
the
Fathers
of
the
Council
of
Vienna
under
Clement
the
Fifth
,
utterly
to
Extinguish
their
Order
,
the
greatest
part
of
their
fair
Revenues
being
given
to
the
Knights
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
,
year
1119
who
about
this
time
Conquered
the
Isle
of
Rhodes
.
Immediately
after
the
Establishment
of
this
Order
of
the
Templers
,
that
of
the
Knights
of
the
Teutonick
Order
began
,
being
Founded
by
the
Charity
of
a
Rich
German
Lord
,
who
having
had
his
Part
in
the
taking
of
Jerusalem
,
had
resolved
there
to
pass
the
remainder
of
his
Days
with
his
Family
,
in
the
Exercises
of
Piety
.
He
,
observing
that
many
Pilgrims
and
poor
Soldiers
of
his
Nation
,
suffered
extreamly
in
a
Country
where
no
body
understood
them
,
built
a
Hospital
at
Jerusalem
to
receive
them
,
and
some
time
after
an
Oratory
in
Honor
of
the
Blessed
Virgin
;
many
Germans
drawn
by
the
Example
of
his
so
great
Charity
,
joyned
with
him
,
and
quitting
their
Estates
to
the
Use
of
this
Hospital
,
devoted
themselves
to
the
Service
of
the
Poor
of
their
Nation
;
and
there
being
among
them
many
Gentlemen
,
who
had
undertaken
this
Voyage
,
principally
with
a
Design
to
make
War
against
the
Infidels
,
they
added
to
this
Vow
,
that
of
Fighting
unto
Death
against
the
Enemies
of
Jesus
Christ
,
herein
following
the
Conduct
,
Manner
of
Living
,
and
the
Rule
of
the
Templers
;
until
that
about
seventy
Years
after
Pope
Celestin
the
third
,
Erected
it
into
a
military
Order
,
under
the
Rule
of
St.
Augustin
,
for
those
of
the
German
Nation
only
,
giving
them
a
white
Habit
with
a
black
Cross
,
to
distinguish
them
from
the
Templers
.
Nevertheless
,
they
could
after
that
do
no
manner
of
great
Services
to
Christendom
in
Syria
,
by
reason
that
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
were
then
become
altogether
Desperate
;
about
thirty
eight
years
after
,
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
Second
,
Returning
from
his
unfortunate
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
,
brought
them
all
into
Germany
,
under
their
fourth
Great
Master
Herman
Psaltza
,
to
whom
he
proposed
the
Conquest
of
Prussia
from
the
barbarous
People
and
Pagans
,
who
at
that
time
Inhabited
there
.
This
Valiant
Man
entred
the
Country
with
his
Knights
and
two
thousand
others
,
who
took
upon
them
the
Habit
after
the
Example
of
Conrade
Marquess
of
Thuringia
,
who
accompanied
him
with
twenty
thousand
Soldiers
.
In
three
Years
time
they
made
themselves
Masters
of
all
the
Country
,
Reducing
the
People
to
Christianity
,
and
Built
Marienburg
to
be
the
chief
Seat
of
their
Order
,
giving
it
the
Name
of
the
Holy
Virgin
,
their
Protectress
.
After
which
their
Successors
Possessed
themselves
of
the
greatest
part
of
the
Northern
Countries
,
which
are
on
both
sides
of
the
Vistula
,
Extending
themselves
and
their
Catholick
Religion
into
Lithuania
,
continually
Augmenting
their
Power
and
Dominion
,
till
after
a
long
War
which
they
had
undertaken
against
the
King
of
Poland
,
that
King
Jagelon
Defeated
them
in
that
famous
Battle
,
wherein
they
lost
the
greatest
part
of
their
Knights
,
who
were
accompanied
with
the
Slaughter
of
fifty
thousand
of
their
Soldiers
,
who
remained
dead
upon
the
Place
.
So
that
all
Prussia
being
almost
Revolted
,
the
Great
Master
to
preserve
his
remaining
Interest
,
was
obliged
to
do
Homage
for
it
to
Casimire
King
of
Poland
.
Afterwards
Frederick
Duke
of
Saxony
,
coming
to
be
Great
Master
,
year
1118
refused
to
do
that
Homage
;
and
after
that
the
Knights
had
for
a
long
time
,
under
that
Prince
,
used
their
utmost
Efforts
to
maintain
their
Soveraign
Authority
;
at
length
,
Albert
Marquis
of
Brandenburgh
,
who
was
chosen
Great
Master
,
abandoning
the
Interests
of
the
Order
,
to
Establish
his
own
particular
Designs
,
submitted
himself
to
King
Sigismond
his
Uncle
,
who
of
Great
Master
of
the
Order
,
made
him
Duke
of
one
part
of
Prussia
,
under
the
Soveraignty
of
Poland
.
After
which
,
this
new
Duke
Renouncing
the
Catholique
Religion
,
and
Violating
his
Vow
of
Knighthood
,
Married
the
Princess
of
Denmark
,
and
in
Conclusion
,
left
to
his
Posterity
the
Ducal
Prussia
:
So
that
after
this
time
,
this
Order
,
sometimes
so
Celebrated
and
powerful
,
having
Flourished
more
than
three
hundred
Years
,
was
in
a
manner
quite
Extinguished
:
It
is
nevertheless
still
kept
up
in
Germany
,
where
the
Knights
,
which
are
the
prime
Nobility
,
possess
great
Estates
under
the
Authority
of
the
Great
Master
of
the
Teutonick
Order
.
But
whilest
these
Military
Orders
began
thus
much
about
the
same
time
to
Establish
themselves
by
little
and
little
in
Jerusalem
,
that
of
the
Hospitallers
,
both
Ancient
and
Modern
,
which
one
may
say
,
were
the
Model
of
the
others
,
made
a
great
Progress
in
Palestine
,
and
became
of
great
Consideration
by
the
great
Services
which
it
Performed
both
in
Peace
and
War
,
and
upon
this
Account
,
both
the
number
of
Pilgrims
,
as
also
of
Soldiers
and
Gentlemen
,
who
entred
into
that
Order
,
increasing
daily
,
St.
Gerard
,
the
Provincial
of
the
Isle
of
Martigues
,
who
was
Master
of
the
Hospitallers
,
when
Jerusalem
was
taken
from
the
Sarasens
,
built
about
the
Year
1112.
a
third
Hospital
,
giving
it
the
Name
of
St.
John
Baptist
,
and
there
placed
his
new
Knights
,
who
a
little
time
after
began
to
form
the
Design
of
following
a
Conduct
and
Manner
of
Living
more
Austere
,
and
more
Perfect
than
that
of
the
old
Fraternity
.
And
indeed
,
when
after
the
Death
of
Gerard
,
Fryer
Bryan
Roger
was
chosen
by
plurality
of
Voices
,
to
be
the
Great
Master
of
the
Hospitallers
;
these
new
Knights
of
the
third
Erection
of
St.
John
Baptist
,
persisting
in
their
first
Resolution
of
Living
in
greater
Perfection
,
would
needs
Imitate
the
Knights-Templers
,
and
add
to
their
other
Vows
that
of
Chastity
,
they
separated
from
the
Ancient
Hospitallers
,
and
chose
for
their
Master
Fryer
Raymond
of
Pavia
,
a
Gentleman
of
Dauphiny
,
who
drew
up
for
them
new
Constitutions
,
full
of
solid
Christian
Piety
,
which
may
be
seen
in
the
Book
of
the
Statutes
of
that
Order
,
with
the
Approbation
of
Pope
Calixtus
the
Second
,
in
the
Year
1123.
as
also
the
Priviledges
which
have
been
granted
to
them
by
forty
eight
Soveraign
Popes
.
After
which
time
,
to
distinguish
themselves
from
the
other
,
they
called
themselves
the
Knights
of
the
Hospital
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
,
and
wore
a
white
Cross
of
eight
Angles
upon
a
black
Habit.
This
is
that
famous
Order
,
which
contrary
to
what
usually
happens
to
other
Establishments
,
hath
daily
Increased
for
above
this
five
hundred
Years
,
Advancing
to
the
supreme
Elevation
of
Splendor
and
Glory
,
wherein
it
appears
at
this
very
Day
:
That
Order
,
I
say
,
which
in
all
times
hath
had
the
Honor
to
have
its
Commanders
and
Knights
of
all
that
is
Brave
and
Generous
among
the
Nobility
of
all
Europe
,
and
above
all
those
Princes
who
have
been
most
Remarkable
,
and
more
distinguished
by
the
Greatness
of
their
Merit
,
than
by
their
Illustrious
Names
or
Birth
;
that
Order
,
in
short
,
which
under
the
Celebrated
Names
of
Rhodes
and
Maltha
,
hath
filled
the
Earth
,
the
Sea
,
and
all
the
Corners
of
our
World
,
with
the
glorious
Trophics
of
an
infinite
number
of
Victories
,
which
they
have
Obtained
against
the
Turks
.
As
for
the
ancient
Hospitallers
,
who
were
thus
separated
from
these
New
ones
,
with
whom
they
formerly
made
up
one
Order
,
under
one
great
Master
,
they
still
retained
their
ancient
Name
of
St.
Lazarus
;
they
added
to
the
Habits
of
their
Knights
,
a
green
Cross
,
to
distinguish
them
from
the
others
,
and
maintained
themselves
within
the
Limits
of
their
first
Institution
,
which
allowing
of
Marriage
,
consisted
of
three
principal
Vows
;
of
Charity
to
withdraw
themselves
from
the
World
to
the
Service
of
the
Infirm
and
Leprous
;
of
Chastity
,
either
in
a
single
or
conjugal
State
;
and
of
Obedience
to
their
great
Master
;
and
above
all
,
to
be
continually
ready
to
Fight
against
the
Infidels
and
the
Enemies
of
the
Church
.
They
also
performed
after
this
,
very
signal
Services
in
Palestine
,
year
1119
which
obliged
the
Kings
Fulk
,
Amaurus
,
Baldwin
the
Third
and
Fourth
,
and
the
Queens
Melisantha
and
Theodora
,
to
take
them
into
their
particular
Protection
,
and
to
honor
them
with
many
Marks
of
their
Royal
Bounty
;
the
precious
Testimonies
whereof
,
they
do
to
this
day
preserve
in
their
Treasury
.
It
was
for
this
Cause
,
that
the
young
King
Lewis
,
at
his
Return
from
the
Holy
Land
,
brought
with
him
some
of
them
into
France
,
there
to
Exercise
their
charitable
Functions
,
and
to
this
purpose
gave
them
the
Supervising
of
all
the
Operations
of
the
Infirmaries
within
his
Realm
,
as
also
the
Castle
of
Boni
near
Orleans
,
to
be
the
principal
House
and
chief
Residence
of
their
Order
,
on
this
side
the
Sea
,
as
appears
by
his
Letters
Patents
,
of
the
Year
1154.
Signed
by
the
Chancellor
Huges
,
in
the
Presence
of
the
Constable
Matthew
de
Montmorency
:
which
was
Confirmed
to
them
by
Philip
Augustus
,
in
the
Year
1208
;
who
also
granted
them
great
Priviledges
and
Immunities
,
which
have
since
been
Augmented
,
and
solemnly
Confirmed
by
twelve
of
our
Kings
of
France
.
In
process
of
time
the
Order
extended
it self
by
Degrees
through
all
Europe
,
but
principally
in
France
,
England
,
Scotland
,
Germany
,
Hungary
,
Savoy
,
Sicily
,
Pavia
,
Calabria
,
Campania
in
Italy
,
where
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
Second
,
gave
them
great
Possessions
in
the
Year
1225
,
which
was
also
confirmed
to
them
afterwards
by
the
Bulla's
of
many
Popes
.
It
was
in
that
flourishing
Estate
wherein
this
Order
was
in
Europe
under
this
Emperor
,
and
under
the
King
St.
Lewis
,
that
the
Pope
Honorius
the
Third
Approved
it
,
and
Confirmed
it
anew
,
giving
it
the
Rule
of
St.
Augustin
,
with
many
great
Priviledges
,
which
were
also
afterwards
Augmented
by
the
Bulla's
of
Pope
Gregory
the
Ninth
,
Alexander
the
Fourth
,
Clement
the
Fourth
,
Nicholas
the
Third
,
Gregory
the
Tenth
,
and
John
the
Twenty
second
,
and
many
other
Soveraign
Popes
,
who
granted
to
them
the
same
Favours
which
were
Enjoyed
by
the
Knights
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
,
by
which
they
were
impowred
to
hold
Estates
given
either
by
particular
Persons
,
or
Bodies
Politick
and
Corporate
,
and
all
the
Hospitals
and
Infirmaries
,
with
their
Goods
and
Possessions
,
which
at
any
time
belonged
to
this
Order
.
In
the
time
that
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
were
almost
become
Desperate
in
the
East
,
after
the
Return
of
St.
Lewis
from
his
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
,
the
great
Master
of
St.
Lazarus
,
with
the
greatest
part
of
the
Knights
,
came
to
settle
themselves
in
France
,
where
this
devout
King
,
who
took
this
Order
into
his
Royal
Protection
,
and
gave
them
of
his
Bounty
a
thousand
Marks
,
besides
other
Favours
which
he
conferred
on
them
,
became
in
a
manner
a
new
Founder
;
and
in
effect
,
it
is
most
certain
,
as
appears
by
most
authentick
Acts
,
that
after
this
time
,
the
principal
Seat
of
the
Order
of
St.
Lazarus
,
as
well
on
this
,
as
the
other
side
of
the
Sea
,
hath
always
been
kept
at
their
Castle
of
Boni
,
where
the
general
Chapter
of
the
Order
ought
to
be
kept
once
every
three
Years
;
and
that
the
Kings
of
France
have
always
been
the
Conservators
and
Patrons
of
the
Order
,
and
have
nominated
and
appointed
the
great
Master
;
That
these
great
Masters
have
Exercised
their
Jurisdictions
upon
all
the
Knights
of
the
Order
,
in
all
the
States
of
Christendom
,
as
the
Generals
of
the
Cistertians
Premonstratenses
,
and
other
Orders
,
which
at
present
are
in
France
,
Exercise
theirs
over
all
the
Religious
of
other
Realms
.
It
is
true
,
that
this
Order
began
to
Relax
and
Decay
extremely
by
the
iniquity
of
the
Times
,
during
the
Wars
between
the
English
and
French
,
either
by
the
Malice
or
Negligence
of
the
Knights
,
who
either
themselves
did
,
or
permitted
others
to
encroach
upon
the
Estates
of
the
Order
,
appropriating
them
to
their
own
private
Families
.
For
this
Cause
it
was
,
that
Pope
Innocent
the
Eight
,
at
the
Request
of
the
Knights
of
Malta
,
suppressed
this
Order
,
to
Re-unite
it
with
all
its
Estates
,
to
that
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
,
which
was
obtained
by
Emery
D'
Amboise
,
Great
Master
of
the
Rhodes
,
by
another
Bulla
from
Pope
Julius
the
Second
.
But
in
regard
that
the
Parliament
of
France
Declared
these
Bulla's
to
be
Injurious
,
and
contrary
to
the
Rights
of
the
Kings
of
France
,
the
Patrons
of
the
Order
,
the
Popes
Pius
Fourth
,
and
Pius
Fifth
,
caused
them
to
be
Revoked
,
upon
Remonstrance
thereof
made
to
them
by
Charles
the
Fifth
,
and
Philip
the
Second
;
who
thought
themselves
too
nearly
Interessed
in
the
Commanderies
or
Places
of
Trust
which
were
within
their
Dominions
;
so
that
the
Order
was
again
Established
,
with
many
new
Priviledges
,
by
Pope
Pius
the
Fourth
,
year
1119
who
Created
Jannot
de
Chastillon
,
his
Nephew
Great
Master
of
the
Order
;
after
his
Death
Gregory
the
Thirteenth
Transferred
the
Great
Mastership
to
Emanuel
Philibert
,
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
and
to
his
Successors
,
granting
him
also
the
Union
of
this
Order
,
with
all
their
Estate
,
to
that
of
the
Knights
of
St.
Maurice
,
the
Erecting
of
which
the
Duke
had
obtained
about
a
Month
before
.
It
ought
nevertheless
,
to
be
taken
for
Indubitable
,
that
these
new
Creations
to
the
Dignity
of
Great
Master
of
St.
Lazarus
,
were
not
made
but
with
Respect
to
certain
Countries
;
and
it
is
no
less
certain
that
it
was
extremely
in
the
Prejudice
of
the
Kings
of
France
,
who
could
by
no
means
lose
that
Right
,
which
they
had
so
lawfully
acquired
,
and
for
more
than
five
hundred
Years
injoyed
,
to
have
the
sole
Nomination
of
the
Great
Master
,
who
ought
to
be
Elected
at
Boni
,
the
principal
Conventical
General
House
of
the
whole
Order
,
and
who
ought
to
have
Jurisdiction
over
all
the
Knights
of
what
Nation
soever
they
be
.
Insomuch
,
that
all
those
who
are
called
Great
Masters
in
other
Countries
,
are
no
more
,
to
speak
properly
,
but
Deputies
and
Substitutes
,
to
him
who
is
Established
and
Acknowledged
in
France
,
as
the
King
of
Spain
alledges
in
his
Right
,
Affirming
that
the
Duke
of
Savoy
is
only
his
Vicegerent
in
Italy
,
which
also
a
very
learned
Civilian
hath
remarked
,
according
to
the
Bulla
of
Gregory
the
Thirteenth
.
However
,
after
all
these
Bulla's
,
reckoning
from
that
of
Innocent
the
Eight
,
our
Kings
whose
Rights
are
Sacred
and
Inviolable
,
have
not
failed
always
to
name
,
as
they
did
formerly
,
without
Interruption
,
the
Great
Masters
of
all
the
Order
of
St.
Lazarus
both
on
this
and
the
other
side
of
the
Sea
.
And
those
of
the
Fraternity
following
,
that
is
,
Aignan
,
Claude
de
Marveil
,
John
de
Conty
,
John
de
Leui
,
Michael
de
Seurre
,
Francis
Salviati
,
Aymar
de
Chartres
,
Hugh
Castelan
de
Castelmore
,
and
Charles
de
Gayan
,
who
were
provided
and
nominated
by
the
Kings
Lewis
Twelfth
,
Francis
First
,
Henry
Second
,
Francis
Second
,
Charles
Ninth
,
Henry
Third
,
and
Henry
the
Great
,
never
failed
to
take
this
Quality
upon
them
,
altho
the
deplorable
Condition
to
which
the
Order
was
Reduced
in
France
,
the
small
Number
of
Knights
,
and
the
Loss
and
Alienation
of
their
Estates
,
took
from
them
the
Opportunity
of
maintaining
the
Dignity
of
their
Place
and
Order
.
It
was
for
this
Reason
,
that
Henry
the
Forth
,
after
he
had
Gloriously
Setled
the
three
Estates
of
his
Realm
,
and
that
after
the
cruel
Disorders
of
the
Civil
Wars
,
he
had
put
the
Kingdom
into
a
flourishing
Condition
,
was
resolved
also
to
restore
to
its
primitive
Splendor
this
Military
Order
of
the
Hospitallers
,
from
which
he
perswaded
himself
he
should
be
able
to
draw
very
considerable
Services
.
He
therefore
Chose
for
Great
Master
one
of
the
Fraternity
,
whose
Name
was
Philibert
de
Newstang
,
a
Gentleman
whose
Birth
and
Merit
were
equally
Illustrious
.
He
went
upon
the
King's
Account
to
Rome
,
there
to
treat
about
this
Affair
with
Pope
Paul
the
Fifth
,
and
did
so
well
Negotiate
what
he
had
in
Commission
,
that
the
Quality
of
Restorer
,
Protector
,
and
Patron
of
the
Order
was
reserved
to
the
King
;
and
the
Dignity
of
Chief
and
General
of
the
whole
Order
of
St.
Lazarus
,
was
Absolutely
,
and
without
Restrinction
,
to
be
in
him
whom
the
King
should
name
to
be
Great
Master
.
Moreover
the
Pope
having
Created
a
New
Order
of
Knights
,
under
the
Title
of
our
Lady
of
Mount
Carmel
,
at
the
Instance
of
the
King
he
United
them
to
that
of
St.
Lazarus
;
after
which
time
the
Knights
have
with
this
double
Title
born
for
their
Armes
a
Cross
,
or
which
is
doubled
,
consisting
of
eight
Points
Pometty
,
between
four
Flowers-de-Lys
,
with
the
Image
of
our
Lady
in
the
middle
.
But
as
the
Death
of
Henry
the
Great
made
the
greatest
of
all
his
Noble
Designs
to
Vanish
,
the
Order
of
St.
Lazarus
,
which
began
to
Recover
after
having
received
these
new
Marks
of
Honor
,
did
for
the
main
stand
at
a
Stay
,
continuing
in
the
Condition
wherein
he
lest
it
,
till
now
of
late
it
begins
to
Flourish
in
such
a
manner
which
would
make
one
believe
,
that
we
shall
one
day
see
it
produce
those
Fruits
,
which
it
was
accustomed
to
do
in
the
times
of
its
early
Force
and
Vigor
:
For
the
King
,
who
undertakes
nothing
which
he
doth
not
most
happily
Accomplish
,
having
taken
up
the
same
generous
Design
of
his
August
Grandfather
,
whose
Sir
Name
the
Acclamation
of
all
Europe
hath
bestowed
upon
him
,
will
not
fail
to
take
all
the
most
Just
and
Essicacious
Ways
,
to
restore
this
ancient
Order
to
that
Condition
which
may
render
it
Serviceable
to
those
necessary
Ends
for
the
Good
of
the
Church
and
State
,
year
1119
which
he
hath
proposed
to
himself
.
But
it
is
time
methinks
,
after
this
Digression
,
which
I
hope
will
neither
be
Disagreeable
nor
Unprofitable
to
the
Reader
,
that
I
should
now
again
follow
the
Thred
of
my
History
.
year
1123
The
new
King
Baldwin
de
Bourg
,
who
had
abundance
of
Courage
and
of
Virtue
,
obtained
many
great
Victories
against
the
Turks
,
who
after
having
Defeated
and
Slain
in
Battle
the
Prince
of
Antioch
,
began
to
menace
that
great
City
.
But
as
he
went
to
Succour
the
Earl
of
Edessa
against
Balac
,
the
most
Potent
of
the
Turkish
Princes
,
who
had
taken
Earl
Josselin
with
his
Cousin
Galeran
,
in
an
Ambuscade
,
he
himself
happened
to
be
Surprized
in
the
Night
by
that
Emir
,
who
sent
him
Loaden
with
Irons
to
the
same
Castle
where
the
two
Earls
his
Kinsmen
were
detained
Captives
.
His
Imprisonment
however
had
not
those
dismal
Consequences
as
were
expected
,
for
Eustace
Garnier
Lord
of
Sidon
or
Saietta
and
Cesarea
,
who
was
made
Regent
of
the
Realm
,
Defeated
the
Army
of
the
Egyptian
Sarasens
,
who
Besieged
Jaffa
.
After
which
,
their
Navy
,
which
consisted
in
eighty
Sail
of
Ships
,
was
intirely
Ruined
by
the
Venetians
,
who
met
with
them
in
their
Return
to
Egypt
.
year
1124
William
de
Bures
,
Lord
of
Tiberias
,
Succeeded
in
the
Regency
to
Eustace
,
who
died
some
few
days
after
his
Victory
,
and
he
knew
so
well
how
to
make
good
Use
of
it
,
that
taking
this
Occasion
to
Besiege
the
City
of
Tyre
by
Land
with
his
Army
,
and
by
Sea
with
the
Venetian
Fleet
,
he
became
Master
of
the
Place
before
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
was
in
a
Condition
to
Relieve
it
by
a
new
Fleet.
The
Earl
Josselin
also
Escaping
out
of
Prison
,
had
gotten
into
Antioch
,
and
Fought
so
successfully
with
his
little
Army
,
year
1125
:
during
the
Siege
against
the
same
Balac
who
had
taken
him
Prisoner
,
that
the
Barbarian
lost
both
the
Battle
and
his
Life
;
whereby
the
King
also
recovered
his
Liberty
,
paying
his
Ransom
to
the
Princess
the
Widdow
of
Balac
.
The
Deliverance
of
the
King
was
succeeded
by
other
happy
Successes
.
He
overthrew
in
Battle
Borsequin
,
another
potent
Turkish
Prince
,
who
had
entred
in
Arms
into
the
Principality
of
Antioch
;
He
Defeated
the
Egyptians
and
Ascalonites
,
who
were
ready
to
make
an
Irruption
into
his
Kingdom
,
and
had
very
great
Advantages
over
Dodequin
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
whom
he
went
to
Attaque
in
the
very
Heart
of
his
Dominions
;
He
took
the
strong
Place
of
Raphana
near
to
Arcas
,
for
the
Earl
of
Tripolis
,
and
by
his
Actions
made
it
appear
to
the
whole
World
,
that
he
was
,
as
a
most
Virtuous
Prince
,
so
also
,
a
very
great
Captain
.
year
1126
He
put
the
whole
Principality
of
Antioch
into
the
Hands
of
the
Young
Bohemond
,
whom
he
also
made
his
Son-in-Law
,
giving
him
in
Marriage
the
Princess
Alice
,
his
second
Daughter
;
for
he
had
before
given
his
Eldest
Daughter
,
the
Princess
Melisentha
,
to
Fowk
Earl
of
Anjou
,
to
whom
he
gave
the
two
Cities
of
Tyre
and
Ptolemais
,
he
being
also
in
right
of
his
Lady
to
Succeed
him
in
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
.
But
his
good
Fortune
was
not
constant
to
him
till
his
Death
;
for
having
Besieged
Damascus
with
a
Puissant
Army
,
where
were
joyned
with
him
the
Earls
of
Edessa
and
Tripolis
,
the
Prince
of
Antioch
and
Fowk
Earl
of
Anjou
,
he
was
obliged
for
want
of
Provisions
,
and
by
the
Incommodiousness
of
the
Season
,
to
raise
his
Siege
;
and
not
long
after
,
his
Son-in-Law
,
the
young
Bohemon
,
being
Surprized
by
the
Turks
,
was
Slain
in
Cilicia
.
After
which
,
having
given
the
necessary
Orders
for
Securing
the
Principality
of
Antioch
to
the
Princess
Constantia
,
the
Daughter
of
Bohemond
,
whom
her
own
Mother
would
most
unnaturally
have
Excluded
from
that
Right
,
he
died
most
Religiously
at
Jerusalem
,
year
1131
in
the
third
Year
of
his
Reign
,
and
was
Interred
at
the
Foot
of
Mount
Calvary
,
near
the
two
Kings
his
Predecessors
and
his
Cousins
.
Earl
Fowk
who
Succeeded
him
,
did
also
Inherit
his
Virtues
,
and
above
all
,
his
Integrity
and
high
Generosity
.
For
after
having
Defended
the
Principality
of
Antioch
against
the
Designs
of
his
Sister-in-Law
the
Princess
Dowager
of
young
Bohemond
,
and
against
a
mighty
Army
of
the
Turks
,
whom
he
cut
in
pieces
near
Antioch
;
he
gave
the
Principality
thereof
to
Raymond
the
Son
of
the
Earl
of
Poitiers
,
giving
him
in
Marriage
the
young
Princess
Constantia
,
the
Daughter
of
Bohemond
,
the
lawful
Heiress
of
those
Territories
.
He
also
maintained
him
in
it
against
all
the
Forces
of
John
the
Constantinopolitan
Emperor
,
who
made
two
fruitless
Expeditions
with
huge
Armies
,
for
the
re-gaining
of
Antioch
,
year
1131
which
he
pretended
appertained
to
him
of
Right
,
by
the
Treaty
which
his
Father
Alexis
had
Concluded
with
the
Princes
of
the
first
Crusade
,
when
they
passed
by
Constantinople
into
Asia
.
He
gloriously
preserved
both
his
own
Kingdom
,
and
the
States
of
Christian
Princes
his
Neighbours
,
against
all
the
Forces
of
Sanguin
Sultan
of
Alepo
,
the
most
potent
among
all
the
Infidel
Princes
,
against
whom
he
entred
into
Confederacy
with
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
.
He
took
from
the
Turks
the
City
of
Paneas
or
Cesarea
Philippi
,
otherwise
in
Ancient
times
called
Dan
,
near
the
two
Heads
from
whence
arises
the
River
Jordan
;
he
re-built
and
fortified
Beersheba
at
the
other
Extremity
of
his
Kingdom
,
as
it
was
in
the
times
of
the
Ancient
Kings
,
and
as
it
is
frequently
said
in
the
Holy
Scripture
,
he
extended
his
Dominion
from
Dan
to
Beersheba
.
But
some
time
after
he
happened
to
have
an
unfortunate
Fall
from
his
Horse
,
year
1142
as
he
was
Hunting
the
Hare
in
the
Plain
of
Ptolemais
,
of
which
he
died
in
the
eleventh
Year
of
his
Reign
,
leaving
for
his
Successor
his
eldest
Son
Baldwin
,
of
the
Age
of
three
Years
,
under
the
Regency
of
his
Mother
Queen
Melesintha
;
and
it
was
in
the
time
of
this
young
King
that
the
second
Crusade
was
Published
,
upon
the
Occasion
which
I
am
now
going
to
relate
.
It
was
about
eleven
Years
after
that
Josselin
de
Courtenay
Earl
of
Edessa
dying
,
had
left
for
his
Successor
a
Son
of
his
own
Name
,
but
one
who
did
neither
resemble
his
Father
in
Virtue
nor
in
Courage
,
as
too
plainly
appeared
by
the
Dishonorable
beginning
of
the
Son
,
and
the
glorious
ending
of
the
Father
:
That
valiant
Prince
who
was
retired
half
dead
,
and
almost
crushed
in
Pieces
by
the
Ruins
of
a
Fortress
which
he
had
Attacqued
near
Alepo
,
lay
Languishing
in
his
Bed
,
expecting
every
Moment
his
approaching
Death
,
when
News
was
brought
him
,
that
the
Sultan
of
Iconium
,
thinking
to
take
the
Advantage
of
his
Malady
,
had
laid
Siege
to
one
of
his
Towns
called
Croisson
.
At
this
News
he
gave
order
to
the
young
Josselin
,
who
was
now
arrived
at
the
Age
fit
to
Command
,
to
go
instantly
with
what
Troops
he
could
draw
together
about
Edessa
,
to
oppose
the
Enemy
;
But
the
Cowardly
Youth
,
far
from
laying
hold
upon
such
an
Opportunity
to
gain
Glory
and
Reputation
by
a
Victory
which
should
shew
that
he
Merited
that
Crown
,
which
by
Birthright
and
the
expected
Death
of
his
Father
,
was
shortly
to
devolve
upon
him
,
coldly
answered
his
Father
,
That
he
did
not
think
it
consisted
with
his
Prudence
to
offer
to
Encounter
an
Enemy
so
much
Superior
to
him
in
Strength
and
Numbers
;
whereupon
the
Generous
old
Prince
,
seeing
to
what
an
unworthy
Successor
he
was
about
to
leave
so
fair
a
Principality
,
was
resolved
once
more
to
shew
him
,
even
as
he
was
dying
,
by
his
Example
what
his
Honor
obliged
him
to
do
in
Defence
thereof
:
and
therefore
having
instantly
Assembled
his
Troops
,
he
caused
himself
to
be
carried
at
the
Head
of
them
in
a
Horse-Litter
,
being
only
able
to
act
with
his
Noble
Mind
,
which
still
retained
all
its
Vigor
and
Force
,
in
despite
of
the
extream
Weakness
and
Languishment
to
which
his
bruised
Body
was
reduced
;
as
he
Marched
in
this
Condition
,
still
Advancing
towards
the
Enemy
,
Word
was
brought
him
,
that
the
Sultan
having
been
Informed
,
that
he
,
who
he
thought
Dead
,
was
coming
against
him
with
a
Resolution
to
give
him
Battle
,
had
raised
his
Siege
,
and
was
Retreated
into
his
own
Territories
.
Whereupon
the
brave
Earl
,
ravished
with
Joy
at
the
same
time
that
he
felt
himself
most
cruelly
Oppressed
with
his
Pains
and
the
Approaches
of
Death
,
causing
his
Litter
to
be
set
down
in
the
middle
of
the
Army
,
he
lifted
up
his
Hands
and
Eyes
all
Bathed
in
Tears
of
Joy
,
to
Heaven
,
and
with
great
Devotion
,
he
returned
his
hearty
Thanks
unto
Almighty
God
,
for
all
the
Benefits
which
he
had
received
from
him
,
but
above
all
,
for
the
Favor
which
he
had
now
done
him
,
to
let
him
die
like
a
Prince
of
the
Crusade
,
in
making
War
against
the
Infidels
,
and
that
he
permitted
him
to
Vanquish
with
the
bare
Report
of
his
Approach
,
and
the
Terror
of
his
Name
,
these
Enemies
of
Christ
Jesus
,
and
of
his
Holy
Faith
.
And
thus
did
this
Christian
Hero
,
Transported
more
with
the
Excess
of
his
Joy
,
than
of
his
Pains
,
render
unto
God
his
generous
Soul
,
going
to
the
Eternal
Triumphs
of
a
Glorious
Immortality
in
Heaven
,
whilest
his
Army
Victorious
by
him
only
,
without
Fighting
,
Re-conducted
his
Body
in
the
Litter
,
as
in
a
Triumphant
Chariot
,
to
Edessa
,
there
to
receive
the
Honors
due
to
one
of
the
bravest
Actions
that
ever
were
Performed
.
year
1142
Thus
it
was
that
this
Illustrious
Lord
finished
his
Glorious
Life
,
and
thus
it
was
,
that
with
the
Disgrace
of
refusing
to
hold
the
Place
of
so
generous
a
Father
,
the
young
Josselin
his
Son
began
his
Reign
,
which
he
dishonored
by
a
Vicious
and
Dissolute
Life
,
spent
in
all
manner
of
Debauches
,
and
above
all
,
by
the
Loss
of
Edessa
,
which
was
the
cause
of
the
Decay
,
and
in
Conclusion
,
of
the
Ruine
of
the
Affairs
of
the
Western
Christians
in
the
East
.
But
is
no
new
thing
to
observe
,
that
what
the
Wisdom
,
Courage
,
and
Vigilance
of
many
great
Men
have
not
been
able
,
without
great
Difficulty
,
to
Establish
,
should
be
Ruined
in
a
moment
by
the
Brutality
,
Pusillanimity
,
and
Cowardice
of
one
Dissolute
and
Voluptuous
Man
.
This
new
Earl
Josselin
quitted
the
City
of
Edessa
,
which
his
Father
and
the
two
Baldwins
his
Predecessors
,
who
constantly
kept
their
Court
there
,
had
taken
great
Care
to
Fortifie
,
and
Retired
to
Turbessel
,
a
delightful
House
,
Situate
upon
the
Banks
of
Euphrates
,
where
like
a
true
Epicure
,
he
drowned
himself
in
those
Vices
and
continual
Debauches
,
which
the
mistaken
World
calls
Pleasures
,
without
ever
regarding
the
weighty
and
troublesom
Affairs
of
State
.
But
to
Ease
him
of
those
Toils
which
attend
a
Crown
,
Sanguin
the
most
Potent
and
Able
of
all
the
Turkish
Princes
,
Sultan
of
Alepo
and
Nineveh
,
now
called
Mosula
or
Mussula
,
laid
hold
of
this
Occasion
of
the
Stupidity
of
this
careless
Prince
,
and
knowing
that
there
was
neither
a
good
Garrison
,
nor
any
kind
of
Provisions
fit
to
sustain
a
Siege
in
Edessa
,
he
presently
sate
down
before
it
,
and
by
a
furious
Assault
Carried
the
Place
,
before
the
Unfortunate
Josselin
,
who
was
of
himself
destitute
of
any
Power
to
prevent
it
,
could
procure
any
Assistance
from
his
Neighbours
;
for
he
had
too
much
Disobliged
Raymond
Prince
of
Antioch
,
with
whom
he
lived
in
continual
Broils
,
to
afford
him
any
,
and
Queen
Melesintha
was
at
too
great
a
Distance
,
to
Assemble
so
suddenly
such
an
Army
as
was
necessary
to
relieve
the
Place
:
So
that
the
Conqueror
had
Opportunity
enough
to
make
a
great
Progress
with
his
Arms
,
had
not
his
ill
Destiny
,
rather
than
the
Christian
Arms
,
prevented
him
;
for
as
he
was
Besieging
Cologembar
,
a
Town
upon
the
Euphrates
,
he
was
Slain
by
one
of
his
Eunuchs
,
who
having
thus
revenged
himself
of
some
Affront
done
him
by
his
Master
,
saved
himself
by
Flight
.
His
two
Sons
divided
his
Dominions
between
them
,
Cotebin
the
Eldest
had
for
his
Share
Nineveh
and
Assyria
,
and
Noradin
the
Younger
Brother
was
Sultan
of
Alepo
.
This
young
Prince
,
who
soon
after
made
himself
one
of
the
most
Potent
Princes
of
all
Asia
,
had
nothing
about
him
that
was
either
Turk
or
Barbarian
,
except
the
Name
;
and
without
retaining
any
thing
of
the
Vices
of
his
Nation
,
he
made
himself
most
Conspicuous
in
his
Conduct
by
all
the
Virtues
and
accomplishing
Qualities
of
a
great
Captain
:
He
was
equally
Wise
,
Provident
,
Moderate
,
Bold
,
and
Enterprising
,
Couragious
,
Valiant
,
and
Fortunate
,
and
what
was
most
rare
among
Infidels
,
he
was
a
Man
of
Honor
,
Probity
,
and
wondrous
Devout
in
his
own
Religion
,
which
was
Mahometan
;
above
all
,
he
was
the
most
Vigilant
of
Mankind
,
the
Stoutest
,
and
most
prompt
to
lay
hold
upon
all
Opportunities
which
presented
themselves
with
the
prospect
of
any
noble
Action
,
as
appeared
particularly
in
the
Rencounter
I
am
going
to
relate
.
Having
understood
at
Nineveh
,
that
Earl
Josselin
,
being
underhand
Sollicited
by
the
Inhabitants
,
had
Seized
upon
Edessa
with
a
considerable
number
of
Troops
;
he
ran
thither
immediately
with
such
Forces
as
he
could
on
the
suddain
get
together
,
to
Invest
it
;
this
he
performed
so
readily
,
that
the
Earl
despairing
to
resist
the
Enemies
within
,
who
yet
held
the
Fortresses
,
and
those
without
,
who
went
about
to
cut
off
all
Provisions
from
coming
to
him
,
resolved
,
before
all
the
Passages
were
obstructed
,
to
save
himself
with
his
Soldiers
,
by
quitting
the
City
,
which
being
accordingly
put
in
Execution
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
Inhabitants
,
who
were
afraid
to
fall
into
the
Hands
of
Noradin
,
would
also
Accompany
him
in
this
dishonorable
Flight
.
But
that
Prince
falling
upon
the
infortunate
Inhabitants
,
at
the
same
time
,
that
those
within
the
Fortresses
Sallying
out
,
had
broken
in
among
them
at
the
Gate
which
they
had
set
open
,
they
were
all
cut
in
pieces
,
and
then
immediately
pursuing
the
flying
Army
of
the
Earl
,
which
were
Retreated
some
two
Leagues
to
gain
a
Pass
upon
the
Euphrates
,
he
Charged
them
so
briskly
that
in
the
End
he
put
them
to
a
total
Rout
,
so
that
the
miserable
Earl
did
not
without
great
Difficulty
Escape
to
Samosatia
,
year
1143
where
he
Arrived
almost
alone
.
Thus
Noradin
having
no
more
Enemies
able
to
keep
the
Field
,
and
having
so
easily
Re-gained
Edessa
,
quickly
made
himself
Master
of
the
greatest
Part
of
that
Principality
,
from
whence
he
Menaced
the
other
three
,
and
all
that
part
of
Christendom
which
was
in
the
East
,
with
utter
Ruin
and
Desolation
.
In
the
mean
time
,
immediately
after
the
first
taking
of
Edessa
by
Sanguin
,
there
being
great
reason
to
fear
,
that
that
powerful
Turk
who
had
the
Courage
and
Ambition
of
a
Conqueror
,
would
also
indeavour
the
Conquest
of
Antioch
,
a
Dispatch
was
immediately
sent
to
request
the
Succours
of
all
the
Princes
of
the
West
.
But
the
principal
Application
was
made
to
Lewis
seventh
King
of
France
,
to
whom
the
Christian
Princes
of
the
East
,
who
were
all
of
that
Nation
,
had
Recourse
as
to
their
natural
Lord
,
and
whom
the
cross
Accident
which
happened
a
little
after
,
put
into
the
most
favourable
Disposition
in
the
World
to
undertake
such
an
Enterprise
.
This
Prince
was
in
the
very
Bloom
of
his
Youth
,
being
about
twenty
four
Years
of
Age
,
he
was
of
a
most
exact
Shape
,
and
of
a
marvellous
,
and
in
his
Sex
an
uncommon
Beauty
,
of
a
sweet
Temper
,
Civil
and
Obliging
,
extream
Pious
,
Tender
,
and
Sensible
of
the
least
Sufferings
of
his
meanest
Subjects
,
whom
he
most
passionately
Loved
,
and
was
no
less
Beloved
by
them
;
but
above
all
,
he
had
a
most
mighty
Mind
,
and
was
as
extream
Jealous
of
his
Authority
that
it
was
possible
for
any
one
to
be
:
And
as
that
Passion
carried
him
sometimes
,
as
it
doth
more
moderate
Natures
,
to
strange
Extremities
,
his
Sweetness
,
which
happened
to
be
mistaken
by
Theobald
Earl
of
Champagne
and
Blois
,
who
openly
espoused
all
the
Interests
directly
opposite
to
his
,
was
changed
into
such
a
violent
Choller
,
and
furious
desire
of
Revenge
,
so
that
having
desolated
all
the
Earls
Territories
and
Possessions
,
he
took
Vitri
by
Assault
,
where
he
put
all
into
Blood
and
Flames
,
and
miserably
burnt
above
fifteen
hundred
Persons
in
the
great
Church
,
who
had
fled
thither
as
to
a
secure
Sanctuary
.
This
terrible
Action
which
gave
a
Horror
to
all
the
World
,
was
most
Dreadful
to
himself
,
when
he
came
once
a
little
to
recover
out
of
the
Transport
of
his
Passion
;
and
his
Soul
was
pierced
with
a
Grief
so
lively
and
so
cutting
,
that
it
almost
drove
him
into
Desperation
;
so
that
for
some
time
,
he
abandoned
the
Management
of
all
publick
Affairs
,
and
even
those
necessary
Services
due
to
his
Person
,
and
it
was
not
without
mighty
Difficulty
,
that
he
was
recovered
out
of
that
Abyss
of
Melancholly
,
into
which
he
was
so
deeply
Plunged
.
This
was
the
reason
,
that
so
soon
as
ever
he
understood
the
Extremities
unto
which
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
in
the
East
were
reduced
,
he
resolved
to
make
that
his
Penance
,
and
to
take
that
dangerous
Voyage
for
the
Expiation
of
so
great
a
Crime
as
he
had
been
Guilty
of
.
So
soon
as
he
had
discovered
his
Design
to
some
of
his
principal
Officers
,
they
advised
him
,
by
no
means
to
undertake
an
Affair
of
that
Importance
,
until
he
should
first
have
Consulted
the
Celebrated
Abbot
of
Claravall
,
who
was
at
that
time
the
Oracle
,
not
only
of
France
,
but
of
all
Christendom
.
It
was
that
famous
St.
Bernard
,
who
after
the
memorable
Things
which
he
had
done
during
more
than
ten
Years
,
towards
the
Extinguishing
the
Schism
which
the
Anti-Pope
Peter
of
Lions
had
raised
,
and
the
Heresies
of
Arnold
of
Brescia
,
and
Peter
Abaillard
,
began
to
take
a
little
Breath
in
his
Retreat
at
his
Monastery
.
He
was
then
about
the
Age
of
fifty
four
Years
,
of
a
Stature
something
above
the
Middle
,
having
a
Face
of
a
very
agreeable
Composure
,
a
delicate
Complexion
,
his
Cheeks
fresh
,
and
his
Hair
fair
,
inclining
a
little
towards
too
deep
a
Yellow
,
his
Eyes
sparkling
with
a
kind
of
sweet
Fire
,
Lively
and
Ardent
,
his
Air
extream
Devout
and
Modest
,
but
ever
like
a
Person
of
Quality
with
a
becoming
Assurance
,
his
Constitution
naturally
too
Feeble
,
but
much
weakened
by
the
Austerities
and
Labours
which
he
had
been
always
most
assiduous
in
,
especially
his
continual
Studies
and
Inquiry
after
Knowledg
;
but
this
Weakness
of
his
Body
was
supported
by
the
Force
of
a
Spirit
,
Lively
and
Penetrating
,
Subtile
and
Dextrous
,
Bold
,
yet
easy
and
very
persuading
,
and
withal
,
with
a
Courage
to
which
the
greatest
Difficulties
and
Oppositions
were
so
far
from
being
by
him
thought
Insuperable
,
that
they
rather
seemed
to
add
Fewel
to
his
Flame
,
and
to
provide
those
necessary
Materials
for
its
Subsistence
,
which
gave
it
Occasion
to
burn
and
shine
more
Warm
and
Bright
.
year
1144
The
King
who
knew
the
extraordinary
Merit
and
Sanctity
of
this
great
man
,
following
the
Counsel
which
was
given
him
,
convoked
against
the
Feast
of
the
Nativity
in
the
Year
1144
,
a
great
Assembly
of
the
Princes
,
and
Principal
Lords
and
Prelats
of
his
Realm
,
at
Bourges
,
where
he
also
was
resolved
that
this
Devout
Abbot
should
be
present
.
There
it
was
that
this
Prince
did
first
publickly
discover
the
Secret
of
his
Heart
,
and
the
Design
which
he
had
to
go
in
Person
to
the
Relief
of
the
Christians
who
were
very
much
pressed
by
the
Infidels
in
the
East
.
After
which
Godfrey
Bishop
of
Langres
made
such
a
moving
Discourse
concerning
the
taking
of
Edessa
,
the
Miseries
of
their
Christian
Brethren
,
and
the
Extreme
Danger
which
the
Holy
Land
lately
so
gloriously
conquered
by
the
French
,
was
like
to
run
of
falling
again
under
the
Power
of
the
Turks
and
Sarasins
,
that
he
drew
Tears
from
the
Eyes
of
the
whole
Assembly
,
which
was
upon
the
very
point
of
declaring
their
Resolution
to
follow
the
King
.
But
St.
Bernard
,
who
was
by
some
believed
to
be
the
great
Promoter
of
this
Voyage
,
was
the
only
Person
who
with
much
Constancy
opposed
it
,
and
stopped
the
Torrent
of
their
Devotion
which
he
judged
had
too
much
Precipitation
,
and
to
which
he
thought
it
convenient
to
give
just
and
sitting
Measures
.
Now
as
he
was
obliged
instantly
to
give
the
Assembly
whose
Eyes
were
fixed
upon
him
,
his
Advice
in
this
Affair
,
he
remonstrated
to
them
,
that
in
a
Matter
of
this
Nature
,
they
ought
by
no
means
to
pass
further
without
consulting
the
Pope
,
to
whom
it
appertained
to
declare
the
Pleasure
of
God
in
this
Holy
War
,
as
Vrban
the
Second
had
done
in
the
first
Crusade
,
which
had
so
happily
succeeded
.
Now
St.
Bernard
had
acquired
a
Reputation
so
full
of
Authority
that
his
words
were
received
as
if
they
had
been
Oracles
,
and
therefore
his
Opinion
having
the
General
Approbation
,
the
King
sent
his
Ambassadors
to
the
Holy
Father
,
resolving
to
call
another
General
Assembly
so
soon
as
he
should
receive
an
Answer
from
the
Pope
.
The
Pope
then
in
being
was
Eugenius
the
third
a
Pisan
by
Nation
,
who
from
having
been
the
Scholar
,
and
a
Monk
under
St.
Bernard
,
became
Abbot
of
the
Monastery
of
St.
Anastasius
of
the
three
Fountains
at
Rome
,
and
from
thence
was
advanced
the
Year
following
being
1145
to
the
Pontifical
Dignity
.
year
1145
He
most
readily
embraced
the
Motion
;
and
was
Extreme
Glad
that
so
fair
an
Opportunity
presented
it self
for
promoting
the
Relief
of
that
part
of
Christendom
which
was
in
the
East
;
He
therefore
received
the
King's
Ambassadors
with
all
manner
of
Honor
,
and
with
all
the
Marks
of
an
Excessive
Joy
and
Satisfaction
;
and
in
a
short
time
dispatched
them
back
again
with
most
pressing
Letters
,
by
which
he
exhorted
the
King
,
year
1147
the
Princes
,
and
the
Nobility
of
France
,
and
not
only
so
,
but
injoyned
them
so
far
as
his
Spiritual
Authority
would
permit
,
and
by
Vertue
of
the
Merits
of
that
Obedience
,
to
undertake
that
Holy
Voyage
,
with
the
Spirit
of
Repentance
,
for
the
Remission
of
their
Sins
,
and
those
Punishments
due
unto
them
;
and
further
he
gave
to
all
those
who
undertook
the
Cross
plenary
Indulgences
,
and
the
same
Priviledges
which
Pope
Vrban
the
Second
at
the
Council
of
Clermont
had
bestowed
upon
all
those
who
had
followed
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
.
He
would
also
himself
in
Person
have
come
into
France
to
have
taken
a
Part
in
the
accomplishing
of
a
Work
so
advantagious
for
the
Good
of
Christendom
;
but
not
being
able
at
that
time
to
absent
himself
very
far
from
Viterbum
,
where
he
then
was
to
endeavour
the
Reducement
of
the
Romans
to
their
Obedience
who
had
revolted
,
he
sent
an
Apostolick
Breve
to
St.
Bernard
,
by
which
he
appointed
him
to
preach
the
Crusade
in
France
,
and
Germany
;
and
to
exhort
the
People
and
Princes
to
take
up
the
Cross
,
principally
by
the
Motive
of
Penitence
for
the
Remission
of
their
Sins
,
which
they
should
obtain
by
delivering
their
Brethren
from
the
Tyranny
of
the
Insidels
,
or
in
laying
down
their
Lives
in
so
pious
an
Enterprise
.
So
that
it
is
from
hence
easie
to
discover
what
was
the
only
Argument
which
engaged
St.
Bernard
in
this
Affair
;
for
before
that
,
though
he
was
most
earnestly
sollicited
even
by
Soveraign
Authority
,
yet
would
he
never
either
discourse
or
give
his
Opinion
upon
a
Voyage
of
that
Importance
as
Geoffry
his
Secretary
,
afterwards
the
Fourth
Abbot
of
Claraval
,
has
assured
us
in
the
History
which
he
hath
left
us
of
the
Life
of
that
great
Saint
.
The
King
now
highly
satisfied
to
see
his
Design
succeed
so
well
,
being
so
solemnly
supported
by
the
Pontifical
Authority
,
year
1147
failed
not
at
Easter
in
the
Year
following
,
to
convoke
a
General
Assembly
at
Verelay
a
little
Village
in
Burgundy
between
Auxerre
and
Nevers
.
There
met
so
great
a
Number
of
Princes
,
Prelates
,
Lords
and
Gentlemen
,
and
People
of
all
Sorts
of
Quality
,
that
they
were
constrained
to
hold
the
Assembly
out
of
the
Town
upon
the
Brow
of
a
Hill
which
abutted
upon
a
great
Plain
,
which
was
filled
with
an
Infinite
Number
of
People
,
who
ran
together
from
all
Parts
of
France
,
upon
the
Report
of
the
Enterprise
of
a
Holy
War
,
wherein
every
one
was
desirous
to
have
a
share
;
there
was
about
the
Middle
of
the
Hill
a
Tribunal
Erected
,
upon
which
after
the
Letter
of
the
Pope
had
been
read
,
St.
Bernard
made
a
Speech
to
the
People
,
with
marvellous
Force
of
Spirit
,
Eloquence
and
Zeal
,
representing
to
them
in
most
Tender
and
moving
Terms
the
Miserable
Condition
of
the
Christians
in
the
East
,
particularly
since
the
second
taking
of
Edessa
by
Noradin
.
For
the
sad
News
was
already
come
to
France
by
the
late
Envoys
from
Antioch
and
Jerusalem
,
who
were
come
to
implore
the
Succours
of
the
French
.
He
forgot
nothing
that
might
most
effectually
move
their
Hearts
;
he
pressed
them
with
the
Considerations
of
the
Glory
of
their
Ancestors
,
whose
Conquests
they
were
in
Honor
bound
to
defend
and
preserve
;
he
urged
their
own
Eternal
Advantage
,
which
they
might
assure
to
themselves
by
this
kind
of
Martyrdom
,
which
they
Voluntarily
underwent
by
the
Spirit
of
Penitence
,
for
the
Abolition
of
all
the
Disorders
and
all
the
Crimes
of
their
former
Lives
;
and
above
all
he
insisted
upon
the
Honor
of
Jesus
Christ
,
whom
he
made
appear
as
marching
himself
at
the
Head
of
the
Crusades
to
Jerusalem
,
to
be
there
as
it
were
once
again
Crucified
,
if
it
were
necessary
for
the
Salvation
of
those
that
followed
him
.
So
soon
as
he
had
finished
his
Discourse
,
the
King
who
had
heard
him
with
all
the
Marks
of
a
most
tender
and
sensible
Devotion
,
rising
from
his
Throne
,
threw
himself
at
his
Feet
,
humbly
demanding
of
him
the
Cross
which
the
Pope
had
sent
to
this
pious
Abbot
to
bestow
upon
him
:
he
received
it
from
his
Hands
with
an
extreme
Respect
,
and
having
himself
fastened
it
to
his
Right
Shoulder
,
he
did
not
believe
he
prostituted
the
Royal
Dignity
in
any
sort
,
by
mounting
in
that
Condition
up
to
the
Tribunal
with
St.
Bernard
,
and
from
thence
to
exhort
the
People
,
as
he
did
with
incredible
Zeal
,
to
follow
the
Example
of
their
King
.
This
Action
far
stronger
and
more
perswasive
than
all
the
Eloquence
of
the
Saint
,
was
immediately
followed
with
a
General
Acclamation
of
all
those
who
stood
round
about
,
who
with
one
Voice
as
it
were
by
Consent
cried
out
,
The
Cross
,
The
Cross
.
And
at
the
same
time
Queen
Eleonor
,
the
Daughter
of
St.
William
Duke
of
Guienne
and
Earl
of
Poitiers
presented
herself
to
receive
the
Cross
,
and
was
followed
by
all
the
Great
Men
of
the
Realm
,
the
Principal
whereof
were
Robert
Earl
of
Dreux
,
Brother
to
the
King
;
Alphonsus
Earl
of
St.
Giles
,
Tierry
Earl
of
Flanders
,
Guy
Earl
of
Nevers
;
Renald
his
Brother
Earl
of
Tonnerre
;
Yues
Earl
of
Soissons
,
William
Earl
of
Ponthieu
;
Henry
the
Son
of
Theobald
Earl
of
Blois
;
William
Earl
of
Varrennes
;
Archibald
de
Bourbon
;
Enguerrand
de
Couci
;
Geoffry
Rancon
de
Taillebourg
;
Hugh
de
Lusignan
;
William
de
Courtenay
;
Renauld
de
Montargis
;
Ithier
de
Thoci
;
Guicher
de
Montgeay
;
Everard
de
Breteil
;
Dreux
de
Mouchi
;
Manasses
de
Bulli
;
Ancel
de
Trenel
;
Guerin
his
Brother
;
William
Bouteiller
;
William
Agilons
de
Trie
;
and
among
the
Prelats
,
Simon
Bishop
of
Noyon
;
Godfrey
Bishop
of
Langress
;
Alwin
Bishop
of
Arras
;
Arnoeld
Bishop
of
Lizieux
;
Herbert
Abbot
of
St.
Peter
of
Sens
;
and
Theobald
Abbot
of
St.
Colomb
,
of
the
same
City
.
In
short
,
there
was
not
one
of
the
whole
Assembly
who
did
not
protest
that
they
would
have
the
Cross
,
and
St.
Bernard
after
having
thrown
down
from
this
Tribunal
a
great
Quantity
which
he
had
caused
to
be
made
up
in
great
Bundles
,
was
obliged
to
satisfie
their
Importunity
,
to
cut
his
Robe
into
small
pieces
,
and
upon
the
Spot
to
make
it
into
new
Crosses
,
which
he
dispersed
among
them
;
being
forced
at
last
to
give
the
rest
the
Liberty
to
cross
themselves
since
it
was
impossible
to
make
so
many
Crosses
as
would
suffice
so
vast
a
Number
.
This
was
what
was
done
in
the
Assembly
of
Verelay
;
as
for
the
rest
the
King
adjourned
the
Deliberation
of
what
was
further
to
be
done
to
another
far
greater
,
which
was
to
be
held
the
third
Sunday
after
Easter
at
Chatres
,
where
almost
all
the
Arch
Bishops
and
Bishops
of
France
were
present
as
if
it
had
been
a
General
Councel
.
year
1146
The
Resolution
of
the
King
,
who
was
present
at
the
Synod
,
with
all
the
other
Princes
of
the
Crusade
,
was
there
generally
approved
;
and
which
one
cannot
without
some
difficulty
believe
,
if
St.
Bernard
himself
had
not
writ
it
,
that
which
made
the
greatest
Impression
upon
Mens
Spirits
,
was
that
the
happy
Success
of
the
Voyage
,
and
of
the
War
depended
upon
him
;
and
that
it
was
there
resolved
by
a
Common
Consent
,
not
only
that
he
should
go
along
with
them
,
but
also
that
he
should
have
the
General
Command
of
the
Army
,
which
could
not
fail
of
being
always
Victorious
,
under
a
Cheistain
,
who
was
believed
to
be
the
Disposer
of
God
Almighties
Power
,
by
the
Gift
of
Miracles
which
all
the
World
attributed
to
him
.
So
easily
do
the
Spirits
of
men
prepossessed
with
the
Opinion
of
the
Sanctity
of
a
Person
,
suffer
themselves
to
be
seduced
,
to
take
an
irregular
Conduct
,
abandoning
good
Sense
and
that
Reason
which
God
hath
bestowed
upon
them
to
regulate
and
govern
the
Deliberation
of
those
Affairs
which
they
are
about
to
undertake
.
But
St.
Bernard
who
was
a
man
of
a
different
Complexion
from
Peter
the
Hermit
,
and
who
knew
admirably
how
to
make
Wisdom
and
Reason
consort
with
Grace
and
Devotion
,
opposed
himself
stoutly
against
this
Resolution
,
which
he
believed
was
wholy
dissonant
to
Prudence
and
Reason
.
He
writ
to
the
Pope
concerning
it
,
and
made
it
so
evident
to
him
who
understood
War
,
which
he
did
not
in
the
least
,
that
it
must
needs
be
a
Prodigy
of
ill
Presage
,
to
see
a
man
devoted
to
a
severe
Profession
of
Religion
to
take
upon
himself
the
Command
of
the
Army
;
that
they
were
at
last
satisfied
that
he
should
do
his
Duty
according
to
his
Profession
,
in
preaching
up
the
Crusade
;
as
for
any
thing
more
,
the
Weakness
of
his
Natural
Constitution
and
his
Age
gave
him
a
Dispensation
from
the
Toils
and
Hazards
of
a
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
.
Being
therefore
resolved
to
preserve
himself
always
within
the
Bounds
of
his
Condition
and
to
apply
himself
only
to
that
which
was
his
proper
Ministry
;
he
set
himself
to
preach
the
Crusade
with
so
much
Zeal
,
Power
,
and
Success
,
that
there
was
never
seen
a
greater
Concourse
of
People
,
then
ran
from
all
Parts
to
have
the
good
Fortune
to
receive
the
Cross
from
his
Hands
,
Geossry
who
writes
his
Life
,
that
it
pleased
God
to
confirm
and
approve
of
his
preaching
by
a
Prodigious
Number
of
Miracles
which
he
did
in
healing
all
kind
of
Diseases
by
his
Prayers
and
the
Imposition
of
his
Hands
.
But
as
some
of
the
Historians
who
gives
us
this
Account
produce
no
manner
of
particular
Proofs
,
but
content
themselves
with
saying
so
only
in
general
Terms
,
and
on
the
other
Hand
it
is
well
known
that
in
those
times
,
they
were
not
so
strict
and
exact
in
their
Examination
of
those
kind
of
Things
,
as
they
are
in
our
days
,
but
were
rather
inclined
to
make
even
Credulity
it self
a
Matter
of
great
Merit
,
I
think
every
Person
is
at
Liberty
to
believe
at
his
own
Discretion
,
without
detracting
in
the
least
from
the
Eminent
Sanctity
of
St.
Bernard
.
And
that
which
makes
this
appear
more
reasonable
is
that
this
great
man
himself
,
in
that
Apology
which
he
made
after
the
ill
Fortune
of
this
Voyage
,
does
not
in
justifying
himself
,
in
the
least
inssist
upon
the
Miracles
which
God
wrought
by
his
preaching
,
but
by
the
Obedience
which
he
owed
to
the
Pope
,
who
had
commanded
him
to
preach
.
Be
it
as
it
will
;
it
is
most
certain
as
he
himself
says
,
the
Obedience
which
he
rendred
to
the
Pope
in
preaching
the
Crusade
,
became
so
successful
that
it
produced
an
infinite
of
Crusades
;
insomuch
that
the
Towns
and
Villages
,
were
almost
dispeopled
of
their
Inhabitants
,
except
the
Children
and
the
Women
,
who
remained
as
Widows
during
the
Lives
of
their
Husbands
;
thus
it
was
that
he
spoke
,
not
knowing
that
so
many
of
them
were
to
be
so
in
Reality
.
As
for
the
rest
,
in
that
time
that
he
preached
with
so
much
Success
in
France
,
he
advanced
the
Crusade
no
less
by
his
Pen
in
Italy
and
Germany
,
whither
he
writ
most
Eloquent
Letters
,
wherein
he
Exhorted
the
People
to
take
up
the
Cross
,
with
all
the
most
powerful
Motives
which
were
Capable
of
touching
their
Christian
Compassion
;
and
in
one
of
them
he
advertized
the
Germans
to
take
Care
that
they
did
not
suffer
themselves
to
be
seduced
by
a
certain
Vagabond
Monk
one
Radulph
who
had
taken
upon
him
without
any
Commission
to
preach
the
Crusade
,
at
Cologne
,
Mayence
,
Worms
,
Spire
,
Strasbourg
and
thereabouts
,
exciting
the
People
to
Massacre
the
Jews
under
Pretext
of
slgnalizing
their
Zeal
against
the
Enemies
of
Jesus
Christ
.
He
writ
the
same
in
pretty
Boisterous
Terms
to
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Mayence
,
year
1146
perswading
him
to
treat
this
Ignorant
Monk
as
an
Usurper
upon
the
Sacred
Office
of
Preaching
,
and
as
a
detestable
Heretick
,
who
Authorized
the
fearful
Sin
of
Murder
;
And
understanding
,
that
this
furious
Disorder
increased
daily
by
the
Seditious
Sermons
of
this
Impudent
Impostor
,
he
went
himself
into
Germany
to
acquit
himself
of
the
Commission
he
had
received
from
the
Pope
,
to
preach
the
Crusade
there
,
and
arrived
at
Spires
,
where
the
Emperor
had
called
a
General
Diet
against
the
Feast
of
the
Nativity
.
The
Emperor
at
that
time
was
Conrade
the
third
of
that
Name
Duke
of
Suabia
,
and
Franconia
,
who
after
the
Death
of
the
Emperor
Lotharius
,
of
the
House
of
Saxony
,
had
ascended
the
Imperial
Throne
about
eight
Years
before
,
and
till
then
had
reigned
with
abundance
of
good
Fortune
and
Glory
.
The
Devout
Abbot
treated
with
him
both
in
Private
and
Publick
concerning
the
intended
Enterprize
of
the
Holy
War
.
He
there
did
his
accustomed
Wonders
;
and
though
he
preached
in
a
Language
which
the
People
did
not
understand
,
yet
such
was
the
manner
of
his
Delivery
,
that
it
wrought
more
upon
them
,
then
did
his
Interpreters
who
endeavoured
to
make
them
understand
what
it
was
that
he
said
;
it
was
enough
that
the
People
saw
him
,
to
be
as
it
were
inchanted
by
his
very
Looks
,
and
in
Consequence
to
be
perswaded
;
for
they
ran
to
him
from
all
Parts
with
such
Heat
and
thronging
,
that
one
time
the
Emperor
was
forced
to
take
him
in
his
Arms
to
defend
him
from
the
Crowd
which
was
ready
to
stifle
him
.
In
short
,
he
acted
and
spoke
so
effectually
in
the
Dict
,
that
the
Emperor
and
his
Brother
Henry
Duke
of
Suabia
,
his
Nephew
Frederick
who
afterwards
succeeded
him
in
the
Empire
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
Princes
resolved
to
take
upon
them
the
Cross
,
which
they
also
did
about
two
Months
after
at
another
Diet
which
was
called
for
that
purpose
.
Their
Example
was
followed
by
the
famous
Otho
Bishop
of
Friburgh
,
half
Brother
by
the
Mother
to
the
Emperor
;
and
after
him
by
the
Bishops
of
Ratisbonne
and
Passau
,
and
an
Innumerable
Multitude
of
Lords
,
Gentlemen
and
Soldiers
,
who
ran
from
all
Parts
of
Germany
to
this
Assembly
to
take
part
in
this
Holy
War
.
Labuslaus
,
Duke
of
Bohemia
,
Odoacer
Marquis
of
Stiria
,
and
Bernard
Earl
of
Carinthia
,
did
the
same
not
long
after
,
and
assembled
a
great
Number
of
their
Subjects
,
disposing
themselves
to
attend
the
March
of
the
Emperor
in
the
beginning
of
the
Spring
.
During
which
time
St.
Bernard
after
having
Constrained
the
Impostor
Radulph
to
retire
to
his
Monastery
,
and
preached
the
Crusade
in
the
Low
Countries
,
returned
back
to
the
King
,
who
had
assembled
at
Estampes
the
Estates
of
his
Realm
,
in
February
upon
Septuagesima
Sunday
,
there
to
conclude
,
what
was
necessary
to
be
done
before
he
undertook
the
Voyage
.
This
Assembly
sat
but
three
days
,
in
the
first
of
which
he
gave
them
an
Account
of
the
Progress
he
had
made
in
Germany
,
and
the
Generous
Resolution
of
the
Emperor
,
and
Princes
of
the
Empire
,
who
had
undertaken
to
joyn
with
the
French
in
this
Enterprize
for
the
Holy
Land
.
This
was
received
with
so
much
Joy
,
and
so
great
Applause
,
that
nothing
further
could
be
done
that
day
:
the
next
day
the
way
by
which
they
should
march
into
Syria
came
under
Debate
,
where
the
Ambassadors
of
Roger
King
of
Sicily
,
who
were
too
well
acquainted
with
the
Malice
and
Persidiousness
of
the
Greeks
,
and
the
irreconcilable
Hatred
which
they
had
against
the
Franks
,
did
all
that
possibly
they
could
to
perswade
them
to
take
the
Sea
Passage
,
as
did
the
Venetians
,
the
Genoese
and
the
Pisans
,
offering
them
their
Ports
and
shipping
for
the
Commodious
transporting
of
the
Army
.
But
on
the
one
side
,
in
Regard
it
was
impossible
to
transport
so
many
Troops
but
at
several
times
,
which
would
too
much
protract
the
Business
,
and
on
the
other
,
that
they
could
not
believe
that
all
the
East
was
able
to
oppose
such
a
flourishing
Army
as
was
then
on
Foot
;
the
Resolution
was
taken
,
to
sollow
the
same
way
which
Godfrey
of
Bullen
had
done
,
and
to
march
by
Land
to
Constantinople
;
but
withal
to
follow
the
Emperor
at
some
distance
,
that
so
they
might
with
more
Ease
have
the
Convenience
of
Provisions
for
the
two
Armies
.
Upon
the
third
day
by
Express
Order
from
the
King
,
the
Debate
was
handled
concerning
the
Person
who
was
most
proper
to
be
intrusted
by
the
Government
of
the
Realm
,
during
the
Kings
Absence
in
so
long
and
dangerous
a
Voyage
.
And
therein
,
the
Opinion
which
all
men
had
of
the
extraordinary
Abilities
of
Sugerius
Abbot
of
St.
Dennis
,
year
1146
and
which
was
so
well
known
by
his
Management
of
the
greatest
Affairs
of
France
in
the
time
of
Lewis
the
Gross
,
was
so
general
,
that
without
any
Diversity
of
Opinions
,
they
unanimously
sollicited
the
King
,
already
of
himself
inclined
to
it
,
to
conferr
that
Trust
and
Honor
upon
him
.
This
Great
Man
who
without
all
doubt
was
one
of
the
most
able
Ministers
which
ever
served
any
of
our
Kings
,
was
about
the
Age
of
fifty
five
Years
,
of
a
Shape
and
Stature
something
surpassing
the
middle
,
of
a
Meagre
Countenance
,
and
a
Constitution
Weak
and
Tender
,
of
a
Birth
no
ways
Eminent
,
but
a
man
of
a
mighty
Soul
,
and
of
a
Mind
raised
as
high
as
ever
any
man
possessed
,
a
Spirit
lively
,
Subtile
,
Penetrating
,
and
of
a
Prodigious
Understanding
,
which
he
had
also
Cultivated
and
polished
with
all
manner
of
admirable
Learning
,
and
which
was
accompanied
with
a
most
happy
Memory
and
a
most
solid
Judgment
:
Upon
the
matter
he
was
Politick
,
Dextrous
,
Insinuating
,
Perswasive
,
Civil
,
Obliging
,
Liberal
and
Courteous
to
all
Persons
;
but
on
the
other
Hand
he
was
a
most
admirable
Justiciary
,
Magnanimous
,
Fearless
,
Firm
and
Inexorable
,
and
continually
opposite
to
those
,
who
went
about
to
shock
the
Royal
Authority
,
or
to
abuse
their
own
by
oppressing
the
Weak
and
Poor
.
And
that
which
Infinitely
heightned
the
Lustre
of
all
these
Excellent
Qualities
,
was
that
after
he
had
by
the
Advice
of
St.
Bernard
reformed
both
his
Monastery
and
himself
,
for
during
the
Reign
of
Lewis
the
Gross
who
was
none
of
the
best
bred
men
of
the
World
,
he
learnt
so
well
to
accommodate
all
the
Imploys
of
his
Ministry
with
those
Duties
which
became
him
as
a
Religious
and
an
Abbot
,
that
he
lived
at
the
Court
as
if
he
had
been
in
his
Monastery
,
and
when
he
lived
in
his
Monastrey
he
forgot
nothing
which
was
owing
to
the
Court
or
to
the
Publick
.
The
King
therefore
following
the
Counsel
of
the
Estates
of
France
,
declared
him
Regent
of
the
Kingdom
during
his
Absence
,
giving
him
for
an
Assistant
,
to
command
the
Military
Affairs
,
Raoul
Earl
of
Vermandois
,
who
though
he
was
a
Prince
of
the
Blood
,
being
Cousin
to
Lewis
the
Gross
,
yet
submitted
to
the
Authority
of
the
Regent
without
the
least
Jealousie
or
murmuring
;
so
much
was
that
of
the
King
reverenced
even
in
those
times
,
though
the
Royal
Power
was
not
then
in
any
measure
arrived
to
that
high
Elevation
and
Supreme
Greatness
,
to
which
,
for
the
Advantage
and
Glory
of
this
August
Monarchy
we
see
it
raised
at
this
day
.
And
that
which
was
yet
more
extraordinary
in
this
Choice
was
,
that
this
Wise
Minister
whose
foresight
was
more
piercing
,
and
reached
further
than
others
,
did
not
only
,
not
advise
the
King
to
undertake
this
Voyage
,
but
from
the
Beginning
did
all
that
possibly
he
could
to
oppose
that
Resolution
;
foreseeing
without
doubt
the
Pernicious
Consequences
,
which
according
to
all
Appearances
in
his
Opinion
it
was
like
to
have
:
So
that
it
was
out
of
pure
Respect
and
Necessity
,
that
he
was
at
last
obliged
to
cease
opposing
it
,
knowing
that
he
should
gain
nothing
but
to
be
blamed
for
endeavouring
to
no
purpose
to
hinder
the
Execution
of
a
Design
which
coming
from
the
King
his
Master
,
had
been
approved
by
the
General
Vote
of
four
Assemblies
of
all
the
Great
Men
of
the
Realm
.
Notwithstanding
all
this
,
Lewis
without
taking
it
amiss
,
that
he
was
almost
the
only
Person
in
his
Kingdom
that
did
not
seem
to
approve
of
this
Enterprise
,
did
not
fail
in
this
occasion
,
to
do
him
the
greatest
Honor
that
a
King
can
possibly
do
to
a
Subject
;
conferring
upon
him
the
Regency
,
that
is
,
all
the
Royal
Power
and
Authority
during
his
Absence
.
Which
makes
it
evident
to
Kings
and
Princes
,
that
though
their
Sovereign
Power
dispenses
with
them
from
any
Obligation
,
always
to
follow
those
Counsels
which
according
to
the
Rules
of
Prudence
they
require
from
their
Subjects
,
and
which
ought
to
be
given
them
with
all
Faithful
Sincerity
;
yet
it
is
great
Wisdom
in
them
to
leave
their
Counsellors
at
intire
Liberty
to
give
their
Advice
;
lest
otherwise
they
give
it
rather
according
to
the
Inclinations
of
their
Prince
,
than
the
Sentiments
of
their
own
Reason
,
Judgment
and
Conscience
,
which
ought
to
be
the
Rules
of
all
Faithful
and
Wise
Councellors
;
whereas
the
other
,
though
they
may
have
been
Grateful
to
their
Masters
,
and
sometimes
advantagious
to
their
Private
Interests
,
yet
have
too
frequently
proved
Fatal
to
those
who
have
received
and
followed
them
.
As
for
the
Abbot
,
he
having
at
last
submitted
out
of
Respect
and
Duty
to
the
Pleasure
of
his
Master
in
Reference
to
his
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
,
year
1147
he
made
a
most
obstinate
Resistance
to
that
of
the
Honor
of
so
great
a
Charge
;
nor
would
he
ever
have
accepted
it
,
had
not
the
King
,
as
it
were
to
compel
him
in
a
manner
wholly
sweet
and
obliging
,
had
the
Goodness
,
to
have
Recourse
to
the
good
Offices
,
and
even
the
Commands
of
Pope
Eugenius
,
to
prevail
with
him
to
accept
it
;
for
it
was
in
this
Year
,
some
time
after
the
Convention
of
the
Estates
at
Estampes
,
that
the
Pope
came
into
France
,
both
to
secure
himself
from
the
Persecution
of
the
Revolted
Arnaldists
,
as
also
there
to
determine
the
Differences
which
were
very
hot
,
concerning
certain
new
and
Dangerous
Propositions
which
were
maintained
by
Gibert
de
Porea
,
Bishop
of
Poitiers
.
Eugenius
was
most
honourably
received
by
the
King
,
and
was
by
the
Pope
reciprocally
received
with
the
Pontifical
Benediction
in
the
Church
of
St.
Dennis
,
where
the
Marks
of
his
Pilgrimage
to
the
Holy
Land
,
were
bestowed
upon
him
;
Lewis
there
desired
the
Pope
to
do
him
the
Honor
,
during
his
Absence
to
take
the
Realm
into
his
Protection
;
and
the
Pope
to
answer
that
Mark
of
Piety
and
Affection
towards
the
Holy
See
,
solemnly
Excommunicated
all
those
who
during
the
Kings
Voyage
should
attempt
any
thing
against
the
Royal
Authority
.
After
which
,
when
the
King
had
made
all
his
Preparations
,
and
had
amassed
great
Sums
of
Mony
for
the
Subsistence
of
his
Army
,
even
to
the
coining
of
several
Sacred
Vessel
belonging
to
diverse
Churches
,
and
borrowing
considerable
Summs
of
many
Monasteries
with
Promise
of
Repayment
after
the
War
,
he
went
according
to
the
Custom
of
his
Ancestors
to
St.
Dennis
to
take
the
Oriflame
or
Standard
of
that
Saint
.
From
thence
he
departed
a
little
before
Whitsunday
towards
the
middle
of
June
,
taking
his
way
for
Mets
,
where
was
to
be
the
general
Rendezvous
of
all
his
Troops
;
whilest
in
the
mean
time
the
Emperor
,
as
before
was
agreed
,
marched
with
his
towards
Constantinople
,
where
they
were
to
rejoyn
their
Forces
.
The
Emperor
accordingly
having
assembled
almost
all
the
Forces
of
the
Empire
,
parted
from
Noremberg
about
the
End
of
May
,
upon
Ascention
Day
with
a
most
flourishing
Army
,
consisting
in
seventy
Thousand
Men
,
at
Arms
all
Curiassiers
,
without
computing
the
light
Horsemen
,
and
with
an
Infantry
the
most
numerous
,
and
in
the
best
Condition
that
ever
any
Emperor
had
seen
before
.
After
having
passed
the
Danube
at
Batisbonne
,
crossed
through
Austria
,
Hungaria
,
Bulgaria
,
and
Thracia
,
without
any
of
those
mischievous
Rencounters
which
happened
to
the
first
Crusades
,
upon
the
seventh
of
September
,
they
entred
into
a
fair
,
large
and
delicious
Valley
,
in
the
middle
whereof
ran
the
River
Melas
,
in
his
Passage
into
the
Gulph
of
that
Name
or
the
Black
Sea
,
and
sometimes
borrowing
the
Name
of
Cardia
an
Ancient
City
of
the
Thracian
Chersonesus
.
The
Beauty
of
so
agreeable
a
place
,
obliged
the
Emperor
to
stay
there
to
refresh
his
Army
,
and
to
Celebrate
the
Nativity
of
the
Blessed
Virgin
which
was
the
next
day
.
But
there
happened
a
sad
Accident
,
which
seemed
to
portend
the
unlucky
Success
of
this
fatal
War
.
For
the
Army
encamping
while
it
was
yet
Early
day
,
and
it
happening
to
be
a
Serene
and
Glorious
Evening
,
and
the
Medows
on
each
side
of
the
River
extending
themselves
a
great
length
to
the
very
Foot
of
the
Mountains
,
there
was
nothing
during
the
whole
Voyage
to
be
seen
so
fair
and
magnificent
as
this
Encampment
.
For
the
Camp
represented
some
fair
and
lofty
City
,
being
composed
of
an
Infinite
Number
of
very
rich
Tents
,
which
were
disposed
in
diverse
Streets
the
whole
length
of
the
Plain
as
far
as
one
could
well
discern
,
till
they
came
to
a
little
rising
Hill
,
where
stood
the
Pavilions
of
Duke
Frederick
,
and
appeared
like
the
Cittadel
of
this
Enchanted
City
.
They
passed
the
Evening
with
great
Jollity
,
solacing
themselves
after
the
Fatigues
of
so
long
a
March
which
they
had
endured
a
little
before
they
were
to
go
to
their
Repose
;
after
that
the
Bishops
had
begun
the
Solemnity
of
the
following
Festival
by
the
Publick
Prayers
for
the
Eve
of
Ascention
,
the
Heavens
began
to
be
darkned
with
a
few
small
Clouds
which
produced
some
light
Drops
rather
of
Dew
than
Rain
;
but
within
a
Moment
after
there
arose
one
of
those
furious
Whirlwinds
which
they
call
Hurricanes
,
which
made
such
a
disorder
as
is
not
imaginable
;
for
immediately
the
Impetuosity
of
these
contrary
Winds
which
rushed
one
against
the
other
with
a
most
dreadful
roaring
,
was
so
great
,
that
having
broken
all
the
Cordages
which
held
up
the
Tents
,
all
this
City
without
Foundation
,
was
partly
tumbled
down
to
the
Ground
,
year
1147
and
partly
hoisted
up
into
the
Air
,
where
the
Winds
which
wrapt
themselves
up
in
the
Pavilions
,
made
them
sly
about
,
and
afterwards
tore
them
in
a
thousand
pieces
;
this
Storm
was
succeeded
by
such
fearful
Deluge
of
Rain
,
as
made
a
thousand
litle
Torrents
come
rolling
down
from
the
Neighbouring
Mountains
into
the
Plain
,
which
by
their
Rapidity
carried
before
them
Men
,
Beasts
,
Moveables
,
and
what
ever
they
incountred
in
their
Passage
;
and
at
the
same
time
the
South-Wind
the
most
violent
of
the
rest
,
drove
up
the
Water
of
the
River
,
and
swelled
it
with
the
Huge
Waves
of
the
Sea
to
that
prodigious
height
,
that
it
overflowed
all
the
Banks
in
that
furious
manner
,
that
all
the
Plain
was
drowned
to
the
very
Foot
of
the
Mountains
.
It
is
impossible
to
express
the
Tumult
,
the
Consternation
,
and
the
Desperation
of
the
Army
upon
this
Terrible
Accident
;
all
that
the
great
Lords
and
Cavaliers
could
do
,
was
to
run
half
naked
to
their
Horses
,
to
get
to
the
Mountains
over
this
new
Sea
,
which
had
now
taken
Possession
of
those
Beautiful
Medows
,
with
which
they
were
before
so
much
delighted
:
As
for
the
poor
Foot
some
of
them
got
hold
of
the
Tails
of
the
Horses
,
whilest
others
quaking
with
Wet
and
Cold
as
well
as
Fear
,
followed
the
Track
of
the
Horsemen
;
a
great
many
got
upon
the
Waggons
as
upon
a
Rampart
,
and
others
stood
immoveable
in
the
Places
where
they
were
up
to
the
middle
in
Water
,
waiting
for
the
End
of
this
Dreadful
Tempest
;
some
by
mistake
falling
into
the
River
by
reason
the
Banks
could
not
be
discerned
miserably
perished
in
the
Waters
,
and
almost
all
lost
the
greatest
part
of
their
Baggage
.
The
loss
of
men
however
was
not
extraordinary
in
regard
that
the
Tempest
was
too
violent
to
last
long
.
The
Inundation
ceased
in
a
few
hours
,
and
the
Waters
falling
immediately
after
,
the
dispersed
Souldiers
rendevouzed
upon
the
Mountain
before
the
Emperor
,
who
learnt
in
this
Rencontre
,
how
easie
it
is
in
a
Moment
for
God
to
abase
the
Pride
of
men
,
and
when
he
pleaseth
to
humble
the
most
formidable
Powers
of
the
Earth
which
are
weak
and
miserable
in
Comparison
of
him
.
This
Prince
,
who
entertained
himself
with
these
Pious
and
Christian
Meditations
,
received
this
Blow
of
the
Hand
of
Almighty
God
,
with
great
Humility
and
Submission
to
the
Orders
of
his
Providence
,
and
evidenced
an
extraordinary
Greatness
of
Soul
,
and
Constancy
of
Mind
under
this
Affliction
,
thereby
to
encourage
his
Army
,
at
the
Head
of
which
he
continued
to
march
very
chearfully
;
leading
them
to
lodge
in
the
Suburbs
of
Constantinople
,
there
in
some
measure
to
recover
this
Loss
.
In
this
time
a
fair
Fleet
composed
of
above
a
hundred
Sail
of
Germans
,
English
,
Flemings
and
French
,
which
several
private
Persons
had
rigged
out
to
make
their
Voyage
more
easily
and
quickly
by
Sea
,
was
diverted
by
an
Adventure
which
was
worth
more
than
one
Crusade
,
and
in
which
they
happily
found
in
Europe
all
that
Glory
which
they
went
to
search
after
in
Asia
;
This
Fleet
set
Sail
from
England
the
twelfth
of
April
,
having
on
board
three
or
four
Thousand
men
commanded
by
their
particular
Captains
.
After
they
had
for
a
long
time
met
with
foul
Weather
and
Cross
Winds
,
at
last
they
came
to
an
Anchor
before
Lisbon
thinking
there
to
refresh
themselves
;
when
they
were
surprised
by
finding
that
great
City
besieged
by
an
Army
of
Christians
,
to
whom
God
sent
this
unexpected
Succour
,
to
take
Lisbon
from
the
Sarasins
,
and
to
make
it
the
Capital
City
of
that
Realm
,
which
a
Prince
descended
from
the
House
of
France
had
newly
founded
.
This
Prince
was
Henry
the
Grand-Son
of
Robert
of
France
,
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
Second
Son
of
King
Robert
.
He
being
young
and
a
passionate
Lover
of
Glory
went
to
seek
for
it
in
Spain
,
at
the
Wars
against
the
Moors
,
towards
the
latter
end
of
the
Reign
of
Ferdinand
the
first
King
of
Castile
,
and
made
his
first
Campagne
under
that
famous
Captain
Dom
Roderigo
de
Bivar
,
so
well
known
in
the
World
under
the
Glorious
Name
of
Cid
.
After
the
Death
of
Ferdinand
,
he
linked
himself
to
Dom
Alphonso
King
of
Leon
,
and
rendred
him
such
Important
Services
in
both
his
Fortunes
,
that
that
Prince
after
the
Death
of
his
two
Brothers
Dom
Sancho
,
and
Dom
Garchia
,
succeding
to
all
the
Estates
of
his
Father
Ferdinand
,
he
gave
him
in
Marriage
his
Daughter
Theresa
,
whom
he
had
by
his
first
Wife
Chimena
de
Gusman
.
He
himself
also
marrying
the
Princess
Constantia
the
Daughter
of
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
and
Aunt
to
Prince
Henry
,
to
whom
he
also
gave
the
City
of
Porto
,
and
sometime
after
,
all
the
Estate
which
he
held
in
Portugal
,
year
1147
which
in
his
Favor
he
Erected
into
the
Dignity
and
Title
of
an
Earldom
.
It
is
said
also
that
he
sent
him
with
the
Princes
of
the
first
Crusade
to
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
,
whereupon
all
Occasions
he
Signalized
his
Courage
and
his
Conduct
.
But
in
regard
we
find
no
Traces
of
this
Voyage
in
the
Authors
,
his
Contemporaries
,
who
have
written
very
exactly
of
that
War
,
I
think
I
ought
not
to
Incur
any
Displeasure
,
if
I
give
little
Credit
to
some
of
the
Historians
of
Portugal
,
who
upon
very
weak
Conjectures
have
been
pleased
to
Rank
among
the
Heroes
of
that
famous
Crusade
,
the
Illustrious
Head
of
the
House
of
Portugal
,
though
he
had
such
a
sufficient
Stock
of
true
Glory
,
as
not
to
stand
in
need
of
searching
for
that
which
may
with
so
much
Justice
be
disputed
.
That
which
he
hath
which
is
most
certain
is
,
that
this
admirable
Earl
after
having
Defeated
the
Moors
in
seventeen
pitched
Battles
,
and
Conquered
from
them
the
greatest
part
of
Portugal
,
which
he
added
to
that
which
his
Father-in-Law
had
given
him
in
absolute
Soveraignty
,
he
dying
left
this
new
Earldom
to
his
Son
Alphonso
,
who
gloriously
changed
it
into
a
Kingdom
.
For
he
was
Solemnly
proclaimed
King
in
the
Field
of
Battle
,
at
the
memorable
Day
of
Ourique
,
where
he
defeated
the
Army
of
five
Moorish
Kings
who
had
Assembled
against
him
all
their
Forces
,
which
consisted
in
more
than
four
hundred
thousand
Men.
The
five
Kings
lay
upon
the
Place
Buried
in
the
Heaps
of
the
dead
Bodies
of
their
Soldiers
,
who
were
piled
one
upon
another
;
in
Memory
whereof
the
new
King
,
who
believed
that
during
the
Battle
he
had
seen
Jesus
Christ
upon
the
Cross
,
who
promised
him
the
Victory
,
changed
the
Cross
Azure
in
the
Field
Argent
,
which
his
Father
had
taken
for
his
Coat
Armor
,
into
five
Escoucheons
Azure
,
every
one
charged
with
five
Besants
Argent
in
Saltire
,
to
which
afterwards
was
added
a
Border
Gules
charged
with
seven
Castles
Or.
This
is
that
valiant
King
Descended
from
a
Prince
of
the
most
August
House
of
France
,
from
whom
in
a
direct
Line
Male
Issued
the
other
sixteen
Kings
,
who
Reigned
till
the
time
of
Cardinal
Henry
for
six
Hundred
Years
in
Portugal
,
whose
Dominions
Extended
afterwards
into
three
other
Parts
of
the
World
,
Affrica
,
Asia
,
and
America
,
where
the
Heroick
Piety
and
Courage
of
the
Portugese
,
by
finding
a
new
Passage
to
the
Indies
,
have
Established
the
Empire
of
Jesus
Christ
,
as
well
as
that
of
their
own
Nation
;
and
as
one
of
their
Rivers
having
for
some
time
hid
it self
under
the
Earth
,
afterwards
appears
again
and
runs
much
greater
than
before
;
so
doth
the
Illustrious
Blood
of
our
Kings
,
which
hath
so
long
run
in
the
Royal
Channel
of
Portugal
,
at
length
,
after
having
for
more
than
sixty
Years
ceased
to
appear
in
its
natural
Place
,
the
Throne
of
Portugal
,
which
it
ought
to
fill
,
begin
in
our
days
to
Recover
it self
with
the
Applause
of
all
the
World
,
in
the
Person
of
King
John
the
Fourth
,
the
Head
of
the
Royal
House
of
Braganza
,
who
besides
that
he
Possesses
all
the
Title
of
the
Infanta
Catharina
,
is
also
Descended
in
the
direct
Masculin
Line
,
as
also
from
that
of
John
the
First
,
from
whom
are
Issued
the
last
Kings
unto
Sebastian
.
But
it
was
this
great
Alphonso
,
the
Son
of
Earl
Henry
,
and
first
King
of
Portugal
,
who
after
he
had
taken
Santaren
,
and
all
the
places
about
Lisbon
,
Besieged
that
great
City
,
which
was
Defended
by
above
two
hundred
thousand
Men.
After
he
had
unprofitably
spent
a
whole
Month
in
the
Siege
,
having
but
a
few
Troops
in
comparison
of
such
a
Number
of
Defendants
,
he
began
to
despair
of
his
Enterprise
,
when
he
discovered
this
great
Fleet
at
Sea
,
which
he
imagined
to
be
that
of
the
Affrican
Kings
;
but
he
presently
after
perceived
by
the
Cross
which
they
bore
in
their
Flags
,
that
it
was
a
Christian
Fleet.
He
sent
immediately
to
be
satisfied
what
they
were
,
and
upon
what
Design
,
and
being
informed
that
it
was
a
Party
of
Crusades
,
who
were
going
against
the
Infidels
,
he
went
Aboard
the
Admiral
,
and
proposed
to
the
Captains
the
Conquest
of
one
of
the
fairest
Cities
in
the
World
,
from
those
Enemies
which
they
were
going
to
Search
for
in
Syria
.
He
Remonstrated
to
them
,
That
God
had
presented
to
them
a
fair
Occasion
for
the
present
Accomplishment
of
their
Vow
,
in
Combating
for
the
Glory
of
Christ
Jesus
,
against
his
Enemies
,
and
that
without
exposing
themselves
by
the
Hazard
of
the
Sea
,
to
the
Danger
of
never
Combating
them
at
all
:
That
they
would
acquire
more
Honor
by
taking
Lisbon
with
the
Assistance
of
those
few
Portugeses
who
Besieged
it
,
than
they
could
possibly
hope
for
,
year
1147
by
joyning
in
Syria
with
two
such
Puissant
Armies
as
were
those
of
the
Emperor
and
King
of
France
,
to
which
they
would
be
Esteemed
as
nothing
;
and
besides
,
that
the
Recompence
which
they
might
expect
would
be
incomparably
greater
,
giving
them
the
Word
of
a
King
,
that
they
should
share
the
Conquest
with
him
.
There
was
no
necessity
for
him
to
say
more
to
persuade
People
who
sought
nothing
but
Occasion
to
Fight
against
the
Sarasins
;
they
with
Joy
accepted
the
Offer
of
the
King
,
and
presently
gave
Order
for
the
Disimbarking
of
their
Troops
,
and
went
to
take
their
Post
upon
the
West
Quarter
,
the
King
with
his
Army
being
already
Incamped
on
the
East
Side
of
the
City
,
in
the
place
where
now
stands
the
Monastery
of
St.
Vincent
.
If
the
Attacque
was
Hot
,
Furious
,
and
often
repeated
by
the
Portuguese
and
the
Crusades
,
the
Resistance
was
no
ways
less
on
the
part
of
the
Moors
,
who
far
surpassed
the
Christians
in
Number
.
This
made
the
Siege
last
four
Months
,
till
the
twenty
fifth
day
of
October
,
when
the
City
was
in
the
End
taken
by
Assault
,
all
the
romainder
of
the
Sarasins
being
put
to
the
Sword
,
thereby
to
Extinguish
that
accursed
Race
of
Men.
Thus
this
new
Kingdom
of
Portugal
,
which
was
Founded
by
a
French
Prince
,
was
owing
for
the
glorious
Conquest
of
its
Capital
City
,
principally
to
the
Valour
of
the
French
Men
,
they
being
the
greatest
Number
of
this
Naval
Army
;
for
tho
there
were
English
and
other
Nations
among
them
,
yet
anciently
the
Title
which
the
Portuguese
gave
indifferently
to
all
Strangers
,
was
that
of
French
Men.
The
King
also
Imployed
them
in
the
taking
of
Almada
,
Sintria
,
Palmela
,
and
a
great
many
other
Places
:
After
which
,
it
being
now
too
late
to
pursue
their
Voyage
into
Palestine
,
the
greatest
part
of
these
generous
Crusades
,
highly
Satisfied
with
the
punctual
Fidelity
of
the
King
,
who
offered
them
one
half
of
Lisbon
,
nobly
refused
it
,
and
contenting
themselves
with
the
rich
Presents
which
the
King
was
pleased
to
make
them
,
Returned
loaden
with
those
and
Glory
into
their
respective
Countries
;
some
of
the
most
remarkable
of
the
Captains
being
willing
to
remain
in
the
Service
of
a
King
so
Valiant
and
Liberal
,
setled
in
Portugal
,
and
there
Founded
those
illustrious
Houses
,
which
to
this
very
time
hold
the
first
rank
of
Nobility
in
that
Kingdom
.
See
now
what
happy
Success
befel
the
smallest
of
the
three
Armies
of
this
second
Crusade
,
whilest
the
other
two
,
incomparably
the
greater
in
Number
,
but
incomparably
the
less
Successful
,
disposed
themselves
to
put
in
Execution
their
Enterprise
by
Land
.
For
in
the
same
time
that
the
Naval
Army
made
Sail
upon
the
Ocean
,
the
young
King
Lewis
began
to
March
with
his
by
Land
.
The
Earl
of
Morienne
,
and
the
Marquis
de
Monferat
,
his
two
Uncles
by
the
Mother
,
joyned
him
at
Mets
with
many
brave
Italian
Troops
;
he
received
also
a
Reinforcement
of
Troops
which
were
raised
in
Lorrain
by
the
Bishops
of
Metz
and
Toul
,
by
Renand
Earl
of
Monson
,
Brother
to
the
Bishop
of
Metz
,
and
by
Hugh
Earl
of
Vaudemont
.
So
that
this
Army
Royal
was
as
strong
in
Cavalry
,
and
much
better
Mounted
and
Armed
,
and
not
much
inferior
in
Infantry
to
the
Imperial
Army
,
which
taking
the
same
Way
,
it
Marched
to
joyn
in
Thracia
.
But
it
was
Difficult
for
one
single
Province
to
contain
such
a
prodigious
Multitude
of
Valiant
Soldiers
,
which
might
easily
have
Triumphed
over
the
whole
East
,
if
they
had
been
sufficiently
Precautioned
as
they
ought
against
the
most
dangerous
Enemy
which
they
had
to
Encounter
,
which
was
the
Greek
Emperor
,
whom
they
took
to
be
their
Friend
.
This
Emperor
was
Manuel
,
the
Son
of
Calo
Johannes
,
and
Grandchild
of
Alexis
Comnenius
,
who
hath
rendred
his
Name
so
Infamously
Odious
by
his
Persidiousness
towards
the
Princes
of
the
first
Crusade
,
and
who
notwithstanding
,
never
Arrived
near
the
height
of
that
horrible
Baseness
and
Wickedness
of
this
his
Grandson
,
of
whom
I
speak
.
He
was
a
Prince
in
whom
both
his
Good
and
his
Evil
Qualities
were
so
Interwoven
,
that
in
the
beginning
of
his
Reign
,
made
it
doubtful
whether
he
did
not
deserve
the
Empire
,
of
which
his
Father
had
Disinherited
his
Elder
Brother
,
to
bestow
it
upon
him
.
For
,
besides
that
the
Lustre
of
some
Virtues
which
he
had
,
seemed
very
well
to
Conceal
his
Vices
,
He
was
in
Person
very
well
made
,
tall
,
but
stooping
a
little
,
his
Face
was
very
Pleasing
,
his
Colour
Lively
,
his
Eyes
Sweet
and
Winning
,
accompanied
with
a
certain
Smile
very
natural
to
him
,
and
Charming
to
those
who
had
the
Honor
to
Approach
him
,
he
had
Spirit
,
a
natural
Eloquence
,
and
a
great
deal
of
Knowledge
;
he
was
besides
Politick
and
Prudent
above
his
Age
,
year
1147
which
was
yet
but
in
the
Flower
of
his
Youth
,
and
nevertheless
Brave
,
Fearless
,
Hardy
,
Daring
,
and
ready
in
the
Execution
of
what
he
undertook
,
never
considering
when
he
saw
an
Enemy
,
whether
he
should
give
Battle
or
not
,
and
one
who
not
only
Loved
War
,
but
supported
the
greatest
Toils
and
Hardships
of
it
,
with
as
much
Pleasure
as
the
meanest
Soldier
of
Fortune
.
But
all
these
good
Qualities
were
corrupted
by
his
Wickedness
which
far
surpassed
them
.
For
in
the
time
of
Peace
,
never
was
there
any
Prince
more
Dissolute
than
he
in
all
manner
of
Debauches
,
without
taking
the
least
Care
in
the
World
to
preserve
his
Reputation
by
concealing
his
Vices
;
for
he
Lived
in
most
,
scandalous
Incest
with
the
Princess
Theodora
his
Niece
,
with
as
little
Precaution
as
if
she
had
been
his
Wife
.
Besides
he
was
cruelly
Covetous
,
rapaciously
taking
what
he
pleased
,
and
fottishly
Prodigal
,
lavishing
all
,
even
the
Mony
with
which
he
was
to
pay
his
Soldiers
and
maintain
his
Navies
,
giving
away
his
Treasures
without
Discretion
and
without
Measure
,
to
his
Niece
,
to
the
Eunuchs
,
and
to
Strangers
,
who
flattered
him
in
his
Brutal
Passions
.
He
was
after
all
this
,
infinitely
Jealous
,
and
outrageously
Cruel
where
he
suspected
,
Superstitious
even
to
Folly
,
especially
in
Judicial
Astrology
,
believing
in
every
thing
the
false
Oracles
of
his
Figure-Flingers
,
who
Abused
him
to
his
very
Death
,
promising
him
a
little
before
it
fourteen
Years
of
a
most
delicious
and
pleasant
Life
;
but
that
which
is
infinitely
more
Dangerous
,
he
was
Rash
and
Presumptuous
in
the
matter
of
Religion
;
insomuch
that
he
commanded
by
an
Edict
that
a
place
of
Scripture
should
be
Explained
in
his
Sense
,
which
clearly
gave
it
for
the
Heresy
of
Arius
;
at
another
time
he
put
out
a
Decree
,
which
openly
favoured
the
false
Law
of
the
Impostor
Mahomet
.
But
in
short
,
that
of
his
devilish
Qualities
which
was
most
eminent
in
him
,
was
his
Persidiousness
,
which
made
him
commit
the
blackest
and
most
horrid
Crimes
upon
the
Occasion
of
this
second
Crusade
,
which
have
rendred
his
Memory
eternally
Execrable
to
the
whole
Earth
.
He
received
at
the
first
the
Ambassadors
of
Conrade
indifferently
well
,
they
coming
from
his
Brother-in-Law
;
for
these
two
Emperors
had
married
two
Sisters
,
the
Daughters
of
old
Berengarius
Earl
of
Luxemburgh
and
Sultzbach
;
He
also
sent
some
Troops
to
meet
the
Emperor
,
not
so
much
out
of
Respect
or
Honor
,
but
to
observe
his
Motion
during
the
remainder
of
his
March
to
Constantinople
,
where
at
his
Arrival
he
was
but
very
coldly
Received
;
either
because
Manuel
could
not
without
some
Displeasure
see
a
Prince
who
took
upon
him
that
Quality
,
which
the
Greeks
pretend
appertained
only
to
their
Emperor
;
or
that
he
feared
that
the
Germans
,
who
had
had
great
Differences
upon
the
March
with
the
Greeks
,
should
indeavour
to
Revenge
themselves
;
or
rather
that
he
was
resolved
to
Execute
what
he
had
plotted
against
them
,
as
soon
as
he
could
possibly
.
In
short
,
he
did
so
violently
press
their
Departure
,
that
without
giving
them
the
Liberty
almost
of
taking
Breath
,
the
Army
was
constrained
to
pass
the
Strait
,
upon
the
Vessels
which
he
had
ready
to
waft
them
over
into
Asia
,
where
this
perfidious
Emperor
had
long
before
disposed
all
things
for
the
ruine
of
this
Army
.
For
so
soon
as
he
understood
that
great
Preparations
were
making
in
the
West
for
this
second
Crusade
,
he
secretly
gave
Advise
to
Mamut
the
Nephew
of
Soliman
the
Sultan
of
Iconium
,
who
Reigned
in
Lycaonia
,
Cappadocia
,
and
Galatia
,
and
pressed
him
vigorously
to
take
up
Arms
against
this
Army
of
the
Crusades
,
which
he
was
like
to
have
upon
his
Hands
.
Whereupon
the
Sultan
,
immediately
sent
to
all
the
Princes
of
his
Nation
,
to
come
for
their
common
Interest
,
with
all
the
Forces
they
could
raise
,
to
Succour
him
against
the
Christians
;
which
they
did
before
one
could
well
think
it
possible
,
sending
him
a
most
formidable
Army
,
composed
of
an
infinite
number
of
Turks
of
the
two
Armenia's
,
Cappadocia
,
Isauria
,
Cilicia
,
Persia
and
Media
.
But
this
was
not
all
,
for
this
perfidious
Emperor
,
laid
of
his
own
Soldiers
continual
Ambuscades
within
his
Territories
,
on
both
sides
of
the
Army
in
their
March
,
commanding
them
to
Kill
,
as
they
did
without
Mercy
,
all
those
who
straggled
never
so
little
from
the
Body
of
the
Army
,
which
for
that
reason
not
being
able
to
march
at
any
Compass
,
suffered
extremely
for
want
of
Provisions
.
Not
contented
with
this
,
having
promised
the
Emperor
to
furnish
his
Troops
with
Provisions
for
their
Money
,
year
1147
he
gave
order
underhand
,
by
a
cursed
piece
of
Wickedness
,
to
mingle
Quick-lime
among
their
Flower
,
which
was
to
make
Bread
for
the
Soldiers
;
which
brought
a
strange
Mortality
among
the
poor
Germans
,
whose
extream
Hunger
would
not
permit
them
to
perceive
the
cruel
Cheat
;
for
they
greedily
devoured
these
poysoned
Morsels
,
to
satisfie
the
Importunity
of
their
starved
Appetites
;
and
so
miserably
perished
.
He
caused
the
Gates
of
all
the
Towns
in
their
Passage
to
be
shut
against
them
,
not
permitting
any
of
them
to
enter
,
to
buy
Provision
;
but
if
they
would
have
any
,
the
Greeks
upon
the
Walls
would
tell
them
,
they
would
furnish
them
for
their
Money
,
provided
they
first
received
it
by
Baskets
which
they
let
down
to
them
from
the
Walls
;
and
then
the
treacherous
Villains
,
as
if
they
had
been
inspired
by
their
perfidious
Emperor
,
returned
only
Derision
,
instead
of
Commodities
,
in
exchange
for
their
Silver
.
If
at
any
time
they
were
,
as
many
were
,
constrained
to
sell
some
part
of
their
Equipage
,
to
get
Subsistence
,
they
gave
them
,
who
understood
nothing
of
their
Coins
,
false
Money
instead
of
current
;
which
,
when
they
went
to
buy
for
their
necessity
,
would
not
pass
in
Payment
.
In
short
,
there
was
no
sort
of
Mischief
,
which
this
faithless
Prince
,
who
had
no
sparks
of
Honour
or
common
Honesty
left
,
did
not
invent
and
execute
,
for
the
destruction
of
this
Army
.
But
the
most
detestable
of
all
his
Treasons
,
and
that
which
compleated
their
entire
Ruin
was
,
that
he
gave
them
Traytors
for
their
Guides
and
Conductors
,
who
were
resolved
to
deliver
them
into
the
hands
of
the
Turks
.
There
are
two
Ways
by
which
one
may
go
to
Antioch
;
the
one
upon
the
Left
,
the
shorter
,
but
more
difficult
and
dangerous
,
by
reason
of
the
Deserts
,
and
the
Mountains
,
which
must
be
passed
,
in
going
through
those
more
In-land
Countries
,
which
lie
remote
from
the
Sea
:
the
other
Way
lay
upon
the
Right
Hand
,
and
was
further
about
,
following
all
along
by
the
Sea-Coast
;
but
withal
,
this
was
the
most
secure
,
and
most
plentiful
for
the
Subsistence
of
the
Army
.
When
they
were
arrived
at
Nicomedia
,
it
was
taken
into
Deliberation
,
what
Course
,
of
these
two
,
they
should
take
:
Otho
,
Bishop
of
Friburg
,
and
some
others
of
the
wiser
sort
,
were
of
Opinion
,
that
they
should
take
the
way
by
the
Sea
,
as
the
most
safe
;
especially
,
since
they
could
not
resolve
to
rely
upon
the
Faith
of
the
Greeks
,
in
their
Passage
in
an
unknown
Country
:
but
the
Emperor
,
who
desired
nothing
but
to
sight
with
the
Turks
,
believing
that
all
Asia
,
if
it
were
together
,
was
not
able
to
resist
him
,
would
follow
his
Guides
,
who
promised
,
in
a
few
days
,
to
bring
him
into
Lycaonia
,
a
most
fertile
Country
,
and
abounding
with
all
things
;
and
even
to
Iconium
,
where
,
they
assured
him
,
the
Sultan
would
never
have
the
Confidence
to
stay
for
his
Coming
.
There
is
nothing
that
,
in
probability
,
can
be
more
conducing
to
the
Ruin
of
the
bravest
Army
,
than
the
Presumption
of
their
General
;
who
,
believing
himself
invincible
,
does
not
take
those
Precautions
,
and
those
Measures
,
without
which
,
the
Greatness
of
his
Forces
serve
to
no
other
purpose
,
but
more
easily
to
occasion
their
Ruin
.
Conrad
,
puft
up
with
the
Glory
of
such
a
flourishing
Army
,
as
none
of
his
Predecessors
had
ever
commanded
,
lost
his
Judgment
,
to
that
degree
,
that
he
could
not
see
,
what
every
common
Man
of
Sense
must
needs
know
,
that
it
is
impossible
,
without
extream
Imprudence
,
and
running
the
most
dangerous
Risque
in
the
World
,
to
trust
to
the
good
or
ill
Faith
of
two
or
three
unknown
Persons
;
and
thereby
make
them
absolute
Masters
,
both
of
his
own
Fortune
,
and
that
of
his
whole
Army
.
Upon
the
matter
,
he
was
so
blinded
,
that
these
Traytors
having
assured
him
,
as
he
lay
encamped
near
Nice
,
that
there
was
no
necessity
of
taking
along
with
him
more
than
eight
days
Provision
,
for
that
in
that
time
they
would
not
fail
to
bring
him
to
Iconium
:
So
that
he
suffered
himself
to
be
conducted
,
with
all
his
great
Army
,
in
its
magnificent
Pomp
,
like
a
Victim
crowned
with
Flowry
Garlands
,
to
have
its
Throat
cut
upon
the
Altar
.
For
the
eight
days
being
past
,
they
perceived
that
the
Traytors
,
instead
of
taking
the
Right
Hand
,
to
conduct
the
Army
into
Lycaonia
,
had
taken
the
Left
,
to
engage
them
insensibly
in
the
Deserts
,
and
the
Straits
of
Mount
Taurus
,
towards
Cappadocia
;
where
they
found
themselves
without
Provisions
,
or
the
hopes
of
procuring
any
,
in
a
Country
so
frightfully
barren
,
that
it
had
no
other
Inhabitants
but
Bears
,
Tigers
,
Lyons
,
Wolves
,
and
other
wild
Beasts
,
who
dwelt
among
the
Rocks
and
Mountains
.
The
Emperor
,
year
1147
astonished
to
find
himself
in
this
terrible
danger
,
commanded
the
Guides
to
be
brought
before
him
,
where
he
reproached
them
severely
:
to
which
the
perfidious
Villains
answered
coldly
,
that
they
were
not
too
blame
,
for
they
thought
that
the
Army
would
have
taken
longer
Marches
;
but
they
assured
him
,
with
horrible
Oaths
,
that
,
provided
they
would
make
a
little
more
haste
,
they
should
,
within
three
days
,
arrive
in
a
most
plentiful
Country
.
It
is
some
pain
to
believe
there
should
be
so
injudicious
a
Conduct
in
a
Prince
,
to
whom
his
Age
,
and
Acquaintance
with
the
World
,
ought
to
have
given
more
Experience
:
for
,
instead
of
securing
these
Cheats
,
whose
Credit
ought
to
have
been
,
after
this
,
very
much
suspected
,
he
left
them
at
liberty
to
escape
,
as
they
did
the
Night
following
,
and
ran
over
the
Mountains
,
to
the
Camp
of
the
Turks
,
who
daily
expected
them
,
to
take
their
Measures
accordingly
.
And
thereupon
they
did
not
fail
,
immediately
to
appear
on
all
sides
,
upon
the
Rocks
,
and
the
Tops
of
the
Mountains
,
to
invest
this
Army
,
which
was
now
reduced
to
live
upon
the
Flesh
of
their
Horses
,
and
know
not
what
Resolution
to
take
;
whether
to
retreat
,
or
to
advance
.
Never
was
there
seen
so
piteous
an
Overthrow
of
so
gallant
an
Army
.
The
Turks
,
who
knew
the
Country
,
and
who
were
lightly
armed
,
flew
about
with
ease
,
and
without
danger
,
on
every
side
assailing
these
poor
Troops
,
half
defeated
with
Famine
,
and
heavily
armed
,
and
who
could
not
be
assisted
by
those
few
Horse
that
were
left
,
who
were
able
to
do
little
Service
among
the
craggy
and
impassable
Mountains
.
So
the
Infidels
,
who
never
came
nearer
than
within
the
distance
of
their
Bows
,
without
fear
of
Lance
,
Sword
,
or
these
cutting
Arms
,
which
were
of
no
use
to
those
who
carried
them
,
discharged
,
with
a
Certainty
of
hitting
,
and
at
their
pleasure
,
a
most
dreadful
Cloud
of
Arrows
upon
that
great
Multitude
,
and
then
retired
,
without
searing
a
Pursuit
from
the
half-dismounted
Cavalry
:
Within
a
Moment
they
would
return
again
,
to
make
another
Discharge
upon
these
poor
People
,
at
whom
they
shot
,
from
the
higher
Ground
,
to
the
lower
,
as
at
a
Butt
;
they
,
in
the
mean
time
,
being
neither
able
to
defend
themselves
,
nor
revenge
their
death
.
So
that
,
without
the
Expence
of
one
Man
to
the
Turk
,
the
poor
Conrade
,
who
himself
was
wounded
,
though
but
slightly
,
with
two
Arrows
,
was
compelled
to
abandon
all
his
Baggage
,
the
Dead
and
Dying
,
the
Sick
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
his
Infantry
to
the
Mercy
of
the
Turks
,
who
killed
a
great
number
,
and
carried
the
rest
into
miserable
Slavery
;
the
Emperor
himself
,
with
great
difficulty
,
escaping
,
not
with
above
the
tenth
part
of
his
Army
,
retired
to
the
French
Camp
,
which
was
now
advanced
as
far
as
Nice
.
For
while
the
Emperor
Conrade
marched
before
,
and
was
making
this
unfortunate
Voyage
,
the
King
,
after
having
taken
a
Review
of
his
Army
at
Metz
,
passed
the
Rhine
at
Wormes
,
the
29th
of
June
,
where
he
was
most
magnificently
entertained
;
and
the
Danube
,
at
Ratisbonne
;
from
whence
he
marched
to
Newburgh
,
and
so
through
Austria
and
Hungary
,
without
any
molestation
:
But
being
once
entred
upon
the
Territories
of
the
Greek
Emperor
,
he
found
,
oftner
than
once
,
the
perfidiousness
of
that
unworthy
Prince
;
who
had
given
underhand
Orders
to
all
his
Officers
,
to
do
him
all
the
mischief
which
possibly
they
could
do
in
his
Passage
.
He
did
the
same
also
himself
,
to
the
Ambassadors
which
the
King
had
sent
,
accompanied
with
a
considerable
number
of
the
French
Nobility
;
who
received
a
thousand
Affronts
and
Displeasures
,
at
the
same
time
that
this
dis-loyal
Man
made
them
a
thousand
Protestations
of
Amity
and
Friendship
.
The
King
,
however
,
who
was
resolute
to
pursue
his
first
Design
,
and
who
,
with
case
,
defeated
the
Troops
which
endeavoured
to
oppose
his
Passage
,
dissembling
these
Injuries
,
though
some
there
were
,
who
counselled
him
to
Revenge
,
he
being
much
stronger
than
the
Emperor
.
In
Conclusion
,
the
beginning
of
October
,
he
arrived
at
Constantinople
;
where
Manuel
,
who
knew
his
own
Guilt
,
and
was
in
mighty
fear
of
such
a
formidable
Power
,
as
he
was
in
no
possibility
of
resisting
,
received
him
with
all
the
Respects
and
Honours
imaginable
.
All
the
Great
Persons
of
the
Empire
,
the
Patriarch
,
with
the
whole
Clergy
,
and
all
the
several
Companies
of
the
City
,
went
out
to
meet
him
;
and
the
Emperor
himself
,
cloathed
in
his
Imperial
Robes
,
received
him
at
the
Gate
of
the
great
Palace
.
year
1147
The
meeting
of
these
two
Princes
was
,
certainly
,
a
very
great
and
extraordinary
Appearance
:
they
were
both
about
the
same
Years
,
being
near
twenty
eight
;
both
of
them
of
a
Majestick
Composure
,
admirably
well
shaped
,
and
of
noble
Presence
,
and
both
of
them
most
magnificently
habited
,
though
after
a
different
manner
:
and
as
they
both
knew
,
admirably
well
,
how
to
dissemble
;
the
one
,
by
Nature
and
Malice
;
the
other
,
by
Art
and
Prudence
;
there
was
not
the
least
Punctilio
of
Respect
,
Tenderness
and
Affection
,
which
they
did
not
,
upon
this
occasion
,
reciprocally
bestow
,
one
upon
the
other
;
They
embraced
,
they
kissed
,
and
entertained
each
other
,
by
their
Interpreters
,
for
a
long
time
,
in
the
Emperor's
Chamber
,
environed
with
the
principal
Lords
of
the
one
and
the
other
Nation
:
And
the
Emperor
,
after
he
had
given
the
King
a
thousand
Praises
upon
the
Subject
of
his
glorious
Enterprize
,
and
had
wished
him
all
manner
of
prosperous
Success
,
offering
to
serve
him
with
all
that
ever
he
had
,
his
Forces
and
Estate
,
he
made
him
be
conducted
by
all
the
great
Lords
of
the
Empire
,
to
the
Palace
,
which
was
most
magnificently
prepared
for
him
.
The
next
Day
,
he
accompanied
him
to
the
Church
of
St.
Sophia
,
and
the
other
most
celebrated
Churches
,
which
the
King
had
a
mind
to
visit
:
after
which
,
he
treated
him
at
an
Entertainment
,
where
the
magnificent
Preparations
,
the
sumptuous
,
rich
and
admirable
Variety
,
accompanied
with
all
the
usual
Attendants
of
Rejoycing
,
surpassed
all
that
ever
had
been
done
by
his
Predecessors
,
in
their
most
splendid
Receptions
of
other
Princes
and
Kings
.
He
himself
also
ordered
,
that
so
he
might
satisfie
the
King's
Devotion
,
that
the
Festival
of
St.
Dennis
the
Areopagite
,
the
Apostle
of
France
,
whom
the
Greek
Church
acknowledged
,
as
well
as
the
Latin
,
should
be
celebrated
with
a
most
extraordinary
Pomp
;
causing
the
Divine
Offices
to
be
performed
with
all
the
most
Ceremonious
Solemnity
,
and
most
admirable
Musick
;
which
,
to
the
French
,
who
are
naturally
Lovers
of
Novelties
,
was
most
pleasing
and
delightful
.
In
short
,
he
did
all
that
possibly
he
could
,
to
please
the
King
;
saying
to
him
such
smooth
and
obliging
things
,
and
framing
his
Countenance
,
his
Eyes
,
his
Gestures
,
and
all
his
Actions
,
into
so
perfect
a
Harmony
and
Composure
of
extream
Joy
and
Satisfaction
,
that
the
greatest
part
of
the
Lords
,
who
judged
the
depth
of
his
heart
by
these
deluding
Appearances
,
which
lay
uppermost
upon
his
Actions
,
were
persuaded
,
that
he
acted
most
sincerely
,
and
loved
the
King
with
all
his
heart
.
But
the
Bishop
of
Langress
,
who
was
a
Man
of
wonderful
Prudence
,
and
who
observed
every
thing
with
a
curious
eye
,
easily
perceived
that
all
this
was
Artifice
;
and
that
under
all
these
affected
Testimonies
of
a
feigned
Amity
,
there
lay
hid
some
dangerous
Treason
,
which
ought
,
by
some
generous
Resolution
,
to
be
prevented
,
by
putting
the
Greeks
,
the
mortal
Enemies
of
the
French
,
out
of
the
capacity
of
doing
them
any
mischief
.
Upon
the
Debate
,
therefore
,
of
the
Council
,
which
was
holden
to
deliberate
concerning
the
March
of
the
Army
,
which
the
Emperor
pressed
with
a
great
deal
of
Heat
and
Earnestness
;
when
it
came
to
the
Bishop's
share
to
speak
,
he
gave
advice
,
which
,
if
it
had
been
followed
as
warmly
,
as
it
was
slighted
imprudently
,
had
in
a
few
days
,
put
a
period
to
the
War
,
to
the
immortal
Glory
of
the
French
,
as
well
as
to
the
universal
Good
of
Christendom
.
For
he
said
that
,
In
his
Opinion
,
it
was
neither
convenient
for
the
King
to
stay
there
any
long
time
,
to
attend
the
coming
up
of
the
Troops
which
were
expected
from
Italy
;
nor
yet
,
according
to
the
sense
of
others
,
to
be
so
hasty
to
pass
the
Strait
,
to
joyn
with
the
Germans
:
but
that
in
his
Judgment
,
the
King
ought
to
lay
hold
on
that
fair
Occasion
which
God
Almighty
seemed
to
present
him
,
and
to
strike
the
last
,
and
the
great
Blow
to
that
Holy
War
,
by
making
himself
Master
of
Constantinople
.
This
,
Sir
,
added
he
,
is
the
only
,
absolute
,
and
necessary
way
for
Your
Majesty
,
happily
to
finish
this
War
,
to
assure
the
Conquests
in
the
East
,
and
to
make
new
ones
,
by
repulsing
,
to
the
remotest
Confines
of
Persia
,
those
Infidels
who
now
dispute
with
us
the
Possession
of
Palestine
,
and
of
Syria
.
For
,
most
certainly
,
so
long
as
we
leave
Constantinople
behind
us
,
in
the
hands
of
the
perfidious
Manuel
,
we
are
assured
there
of
a
most
potent
and
treacherous
Enemy
;
who
will
not
fail
to
cut
off
from
us
all
Re-inforcements
of
men
,
and
all
Supplies
of
Provision
;
without
which
,
it
is
impossible
for
Armies
to
subsist
:
and
who
will
do
more
towards
our
Destruction
,
by
his
secret
Correspondencies
and
Intelligence
with
our
Enemies
,
than
all
the
Barbarians
are
able
,
by
their
united
Forces
.
year
1147
The
implacable
,
the
ineconciliable
Hatred
which
this
perfidious
Nation
have
entertained
against
us
,
is
too
frequently
,
and
too
loudly
proclaimed
,
to
permit
us
to
repose
the
least
Confidence
in
them
;
Nor
does
it
now
sleep
under
these
slight
Appearances
of
Amity
,
but
out
of
pure
fear
of
the
Power
of
our
Arms
;
and
so
soon
as
they
shall
see
themselves
delivered
from
those
uneasie
Fetters
,
we
shall
find
the
same
Effects
,
which
others
before
us
have
felt
and
found
from
so
many
horrible
Treasons
of
these
Greeks
,
who
have
neither
any
sense
of
Honour
or
Honesty
,
or
any
manner
of
regard
to
the
Dictates
of
common
Faith
,
or
good
Conscience
.
Their
Intentions
are
most
evident
;
and
Manuel
makes
it
very
clearly
appear
,
that
he
intends
,
not
only
to
tread
in
the
steps
of
his
perfidious
Father
and
Grandfather
,
but
to
out-do
them
;
since
he
hath
had
the
Confidence
to
demand
of
the
French
Nobility
,
that
they
should
do
him
Homage
,
even
in
the
Presence
of
Your
Majesty
.
Let
us
therefore
,
once
for
all
,
remove
this
dangerous
Obstacle
of
our
Conquests
:
Let
us
,
by
one
generous
Blow
,
assure
our selves
,
both
of
the
Freedom
of
Passage
,
and
of
all
the
Cities
of
this
Empire
,
both
in
Europe
and
Asia
,
which
will
,
doubtless
,
follow
the
Fortune
of
this
Capital
City
:
And
let
us
not
,
by
a
foolish
Scrupulosity
,
spare
an
Enemy
,
who
will
never
cease
to
employ
all
the
blackest
Contrivances
of
a
mischievous
Mind
,
to
ruin
and
destroy
us
.
It
ever
was
,
and
ever
will
be
lawful
,
to
prevent
our
own
,
by
his
Ruin
,
who
hath
contrived
ours
:
And
were
there
nothing
else
,
the
repeated
Attempts
of
his
Troops
,
and
the
Baseness
of
his
People
towards
us
,
in
our
Passage
hither
,
which
,
doubtless
,
was
by
his
secret
Orders
,
so
contrary
to
the
Faith
they
had
given
us
,
and
for
which
that
dis-loyal
Man
will
not
make
the
least
Reparation
,
are
sufficient
to
legitimate
the
Vengeance
which
we
ought
to
take
upon
him
and
his
perfidious
People
.
In
short
,
Since
this
holy
War
which
we
have
undertaken
is
just
,
it
is
also
just
to
make
use
of
those
Ways
and
Means
which
are
absolutely
necessary
to
make
it
successful
;
and
that
,
nothing
can
assure
us
,
but
the
Taking
of
Constantinople
.
And
to
me
it
appears
,
the
Voice
of
God
,
who
himself
seems
to
call
us
to
it
;
and
,
by
opening
the
Gates
of
this
City
to
us
,
to
give
us
an
easie
Conquest
over
it
:
for
we
have
nothing
more
to
do
,
but
to
cut
off
their
Water
,
by
breaking
the
Conduits
,
and
slopping
those
proud
Aqueducts
which
supply
them
therewith
:
Or
if
we
be
obliged
to
make
use
of
Force
,
their
Fortifications
are
all
ruinous
,
the
Towers
half
demolished
to
our
hands
,
the
Ditches
almost
filled
and
grown
up
,
the
Walls
weak
and
defenceless
,
and
,
for
the
most
part
,
ready
to
fall
before
our
Faces
;
as
if
God
,
without
the
help
of
Engines
,
had
himself
undertaken
to
make
Breaches
,
large
enough
in
all
reason
for
us
to
enter
;
which
we
may
do
without
Resistance
,
since
we
have
,
not
only
one
of
the
bravest
Armies
that
ever
yet
were
seen
,
but
that
also
these
pitiful
Greeks
,
with
whom
we
have
to
do
,
are
most
miserable
Cowards
,
without
Conduct
,
without
Experience
in
War
,
and
abandoned
of
God
,
for
their
Schism
,
Heresie
,
and
horrible
Perfidiousness
and
Impieties
.
For
which
Reasons
,
Sir
,
I
argue
,
that
before
we
advance
any
further
in
the
Pursuit
of
the
great
End
which
Your
Majesty
hath
proposed
,
we
ought
to
take
this
Way
,
and
this
Means
,
which
will
conduct
us
to
it
,
and
which
does
not
only
appear
of
absolute
necessity
,
but
highly
just
,
and
equally
easie
.
This
Discourse
of
the
Bishop
was
diversly
received
in
the
Council
:
Some
of
the
Wisest
approved
it
,
but
it
was
contradicted
by
the
Majority
,
rather
out
of
a
vain
Scrupulosity
,
than
any
manner
of
Reason
which
they
had
to
oppose
it
.
They
confessed
indeed
,
that
it
was
a
very
easie
matter
to
take
Constantinople
;
and
at
the
same
time
,
they
could
not
deny
but
there
was
all
the
Justice
and
Prudence
in
the
World
to
do
it
:
but
,
on
the
other
hand
they
alledged
,
that
having
undertaken
this
War
out
of
pure
Devotion
,
by
their
Arms
to
deliver
the
Holy
Land
from
the
Oppression
of
the
Infidels
,
they
could
not
accomplish
their
Vow
,
and
,
by
Consequence
,
have
no
hope
of
the
Remission
of
their
Sins
,
if
they
should
chance
to
dye
in
sighting
against
Christians
,
and
taking
their
Cities
from
them
.
All
this
while
never
considering
what
the
Bishop
had
so
well
remonstrated
,
That
he
who
will
most
certainly
attain
the
End
which
he
proposes
,
must
make
use
of
such
Means
as
,
provided
they
be
lawful
,
are
most
necessary
and
conducing
to
it
;
and
that
,
who
endeavouring
the
one
,
does
the
other
,
must
of
necessity
,
lay
a
Claim
to
the
same
proportion
of
Merits
.
But
thus
it
is
;
When
once
a
groundless
Scruple
,
under
the
specious
name
of
Religion
,
hath
fixed
it self
in
the
Minds
of
Men
,
it
becomes
so
absolutely
Master
,
and
is
defended
with
so
much
Obstinacy
,
that
good
Sense
and
Reason
,
and
that
natural
Right
which
God
hath
given
to
Man
,
year
1147
for
his
Conduct
in
the
Management
of
either
publick
or
private
Affairs
,
cannot
come
so
much
as
to
obtain
a
fair
Hearing
.
But
however
,
when
it
was
too
late
,
they
afterwards
found
their
mighty
Error
,
in
not
following
this
Judicious
Counsel
.
The
crafty
Greeks
,
that
so
they
might
hasten
away
the
King
into
Asia
,
by
giving
a
Jealousie
to
the
French
,
whom
they
knew
to
be
extream
amorous
of
Glory
,
spread
a
malicious
Report
,
that
the
Germans
had
already
taken
Iconium
,
and
given
Chace
to
the
Infidels
,
who
fled
before
them
.
At
this
the
whole
Army
presently
took
fire
to
that
degree
,
that
,
what
with
their
Murmurings
,
and
what
with
their
importunate
Cries
,
they
constrained
the
King
to
pass
over
into
Asia
upon
the
Vessels
of
the
Emperor
,
which
lay
ready
for
that
purpose
;
and
no
sooner
did
he
see
the
greatest
part
of
them
on
the
other
side
,
but
he
threw
off
the
Mask
:
For
,
upon
pretext
of
some
particular
Disorders
,
committed
by
a
private
Soldier
,
who
had
taken
some
Merchandize
without
paying
for
it
,
he
took
occasion
to
stop
and
pillage
all
the
French
that
were
behind
at
Constantinople
:
And
though
the
King
had
commanded
instant
Justice
to
be
done
upon
the
Criminal
,
yet
he
thereupon
absolutely
prohibited
his
Subjects
from
carrying
any
manner
of
Provision
to
the
Army
.
And
so
fierce
and
furious
was
he
now
grown
on
the
suddain
,
knowing
that
their
Dependance
was
so
great
upon
him
,
that
it
was
not
without
great
difficulty
that
he
was
appeased
:
And
at
the
last
,
notwithstanding
all
the
generous
Remonstrances
of
the
Bishop
of
Langress
,
not
until
there
was
a
new
Treaty
concluded
,
by
which
the
King
engaged
,
that
he
would
take
neither
Town
nor
Castle
from
him
,
and
that
the
French
Princes
should
do
him
the
same
Homage
which
the
Princes
of
the
first
Crusade
had
done
to
his
Grandfather
Alexis
:
Manuel
,
for
his
part
,
promising
to
furnish
the
King
with
three
or
four
Greek
Noblemen
,
who
had
Skill
to
conduct
his
Army
by
good
Ways
;
and
that
he
would
furnish
Magazines
of
Provisions
for
them
,
during
their
March
.
The
French
Lords
,
who
were
ready
to
dye
with
the
desire
they
had
to
make
haste
,
to
have
their
share
in
the
good
Fortune
,
and
the
Glory
,
which
they
believed
the
German
Army
were
now
reaping
,
made
no
sort
of
difficulty
to
make
that
Oath
to
the
Emperor
;
saying
,
That
they
did
the
same
every
day
,
in
France
,
to
the
Lords
of
Fieffs
,
without
any
prejudice
to
the
Sovereignty
of
the
King
.
But
the
Count
de
Dreux
,
the
King's
Brother
,
believing
that
he
should
dishonour
the
Blood
of
France
,
if
he
should
acknowledge
for
his
Lord
,
any
one
,
except
the
King
his
Brother
,
took
occasion
to
give
them
the
slip
;
taking
along
with
him
some
of
the
most
Generous
,
as
also
the
Princess
,
his
Cousin
,
whom
Manuel
desired
for
a
Wife
for
one
of
his
Nephews
:
And
while
they
were
hotly
disputing
about
these
two
Articles
,
which
the
Bishop
of
Langress
ever
most
vigorously
opposed
,
he
had
Leisure
enough
to
get
as
far
as
Nicomedia
.
At
the
same
time
,
the
King
of
Sicily
,
who
made
War
with
Manuel
,
with
Success
enough
,
did
whatever
he
was
able
,
by
his
Ambassadors
,
to
oblige
the
King
to
joyn
with
him
,
in
a
League
against
that
Emperor
,
and
to
attack
him
,
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
in
Europe
,
and
in
Asia
.
But
the
Scruple
which
the
King
had
still
in
his
Mind
,
which
made
him
fearful
of
violating
his
Vow
,
if
he
should
make
never
so
little
a
Sally
from
this
Holy
War
,
made
him
refuse
all
these
fair
Offers
,
contrary
to
the
Advice
of
the
wise
Bishop
of
Langress
;
who
clearly
fore-saw
,
and
to
no
purpose
fore-told
,
the
Misfortunes
which
would
befall
him
and
the
Army
,
by
the
Perfidiousness
of
the
Grecian
Emperor
.
Thus
the
Treaty
being
concluded
,
and
the
Emperor
,
after
an
Interview
with
the
King
,
upon
the
Banks
of
the
Propontis
,
having
sent
over
all
the
French
that
yet
remained
at
Constantinople
,
the
whole
Army
marched
,
in
the
beginning
of
November
,
towards
Nicomedia
;
a
City
which
,
at
that
time
was
,
in
a
manner
,
wholly
ruinous
.
And
now
the
Baseness
and
Treachery
of
the
perfidious
Manuel
began
plainly
to
appear
;
for
the
Guides
and
Officers
which
he
promised
to
send
,
to
conduct
the
Army
through
a
good
Country
,
and
to
give
Orders
for
Provisions
,
were
not
to
be
found
;
and
in
the
Road
wherein
they
now
were
,
there
was
very
little
Subsistence
for
the
Army
:
so
that
it
was
resolved
to
change
it
;
and
quitting
the
lest
Hand
where
the
Provinces
were
very
barren
and
desolate
,
year
1147
to
take
the
Right
Hand
way
towards
the
South
,
and
to
incamp
upon
the
Lake
of
Ascanius
near
unto
Nice
.
There
it
was
,
that
in
the
Heat
of
those
Desires
which
possessed
the
Army
to
advance
,
and
joyn
as
soon
as
possible
with
the
Germans
,
who
were
supposed
to
be
so
victorious
,
they
were
extremely
surprized
with
hearing
of
their
Defeat
.
At
first
the
news
came
but
by
some
whispering
Rumors
,
but
it
was
in
a
little
time
confirmed
by
Frederick
Duke
of
Suabia
the
Emperors
Nephew
,
whom
that
unfortunate
Prince
,
who
with
great
difficulty
had
recovered
Nice
,
with
the
pittiful
Remainder
of
his
ruined
Army
,
who
in
their
Extremity
were
very
ill
treated
also
by
the
Greeks
,
had
sent
to
the
King
to
advertise
him
of
his
overthrow
,
and
to
request
of
him
that
he
might
see
him
,
to
the
End
that
from
his
disaster
he
might
give
him
Notice
of
some
things
of
great
Importance
in
this
unhappy
Conjuncture
.
The
King
who
certainly
was
a
Prince
the
most
Civil
and
Obliging
in
the
World
,
and
had
a
Soul
of
the
best
Temper
of
any
man
of
his
time
,
resolved
instantly
to
prevent
the
Emperor
in
his
Design
of
seeing
him
,
and
to
endeavour
to
sweeten
his
ill
Fortune
by
all
manner
of
Honors
and
good
Offices
which
he
was
capable
to
do
him
;
he
therefore
immediately
mounted
to
Horse
,
accompanied
with
all
the
great
Lords
and
Officers
of
his
Army
,
and
went
to
find
the
Emperor
in
the
Place
where
he
was
encamped
,
expecting
the
Return
of
his
Nephew
Frederick
.
Never
was
there
any
thing
seen
more
Tender
and
Moving
than
this
Enterview
;
for
no
sooner
did
these
two
great
Princes
see
each
other
,
but
they
ran
into
mutual
Embraces
,
wherein
they
held
one
the
other
for
a
long
time
,
without
being
able
to
speak
any
other
Language
,
but
those
Tears
which
the
Joy
,
the
Grief
and
Compassion
,
which
moved
so
diversly
in
their
Hearts
,
drew
at
last
into
their
Eyes
.
The
King
was
the
first
who
broke
the
Silence
,
and
endeavouring
to
force
a
Joy
into
his
Lips
,
in
Despite
of
the
Sorrow
which
surrounded
his
Heart
,
he
said
all
that
it
was
possible
in
the
most
Christian
and
obliging
manner
to
comfort
the
Afflicted
Emperor
for
his
Loss
;
he
offered
him
all
that
he
had
,
his
Forces
and
his
Fortune
,
and
protested
,
that
he
always
would
esteem
it
as
great
an
Honor
to
be
his
Faithful
Companion
in
this
War
,
as
he
should
have
done
were
he
still
at
the
Head
of
an
Army
,
as
numerous
and
flourishing
as
that
which
he
commanded
before
this
Disaster
.
The
Emperor
also
on
his
part
,
said
all
that
was
most
capable
to
touch
the
Heart
of
a
Christian
Prince
;
he
acknowledged
with
great
Humility
,
the
Heavy
hand
of
God
to
be
justly
laid
upon
him
for
the
Sins
of
his
Army
,
and
for
his
own
too
great
Presumption
,
in
relying
so
much
upon
the
Strength
of
his
own
Arms
,
to
the
Prejudice
of
that
Confidence
which
he
ought
to
have
reposed
in
God
alone
,
in
whose
Almighty
Hands
is
the
Disposal
of
the
Fortunes
of
Kings
.
Nevertheless
,
he
said
,
since
God
had
been
pleased
still
to
give
him
the
same
Ardent
Desire
to
accomplish
his
Vow
,
and
that
he
had
in
his
Extremity
found
out
for
him
such
a
Generous
Protector
,
he
hoped
that
his
Divine
Majesty
would
be
pleased
yet
to
make
use
of
him
to
combat
the
Infidels
among
the
Arms
of
France
,
which
he
hoped
would
be
happier
than
his
,
and
that
he
was
resolved
never
to
part
from
them
.
After
which
the
two
Princes
having
held
a
great
Councel
with
the
Principal
Lords
of
the
one
and
the
other
Nation
,
it
was
resolved
that
the
two
Armies
should
march
together
,
following
the
Road
which
the
King
had
already
taken
,
in
drawing
toward
the
lesser
Asia
,
between
the
Sea
and
Phrygia
.
But
this
Resolution
of
the
Emperor
did
not
continue
long
;
for
the
German
Lords
some
or
other
of
them
every
day
demanding
of
him
leave
to
depart
,
under
Pretext
that
they
had
lost
their
Equipage
,
when
they
were
arrived
at
the
City
of
Ephesus
after
having
suffered
much
by
the
mischievous
Greeks
,
this
poor
Prince
found
himself
so
slenderly
accompanied
that
he
was
ashamed
of
himself
;
and
believing
that
it
was
putting
an
Affront
upon
his
own
Character
,
and
the
Empire
which
he
governed
,
to
have
it
said
that
an
Emperor
of
Germany
without
an
Army
should
seem
to
serve
under
a
King
of
France
,
he
therefore
Excused
himself
in
the
best
manner
that
he
could
to
the
King
,
and
sending
away
the
little
Remainder
of
his
Infantry
by
Land
,
himself
with
a
few
Noblemen
who
yet
attended
him
,
took
the
Opportunity
of
the
Return
of
the
Greek
Ambassadors
who
had
followed
the
King
to
Ephesus
,
year
1147
and
went
by
Sea
to
Constantinople
,
where
his
miserable
Fortune
which
intituled
him
to
pity
,
procured
a
better
Reception
for
him
from
his
Brother
in
Law
the
Emperor
,
than
he
found
in
his
more
prosperous
Condition
to
whom
the
Attendance
of
a
flourishing
Army
which
he
had
before
,
gave
so
much
Occasion
of
Fear
and
Jealousie
:
So
Great
is
the
Malignity
of
Humane
Nature
,
that
it
is
a
Pleasure
to
see
men
become
unfortunate
.
As
for
the
Ambassadors
which
Manuel
had
sent
to
the
King
to
Ephesus
,
they
only
seved
more
to
manifest
the
base
Perfidy
and
Malice
of
this
Emperor
,
their
Business
was
only
to
present
the
King
with
Letters
from
their
Master
,
by
which
he
advertized
the
King
,
that
he
was
like
to
have
upon
his
Hands
such
an
innumerable
Company
of
Turks
that
it
was
impossible
for
him
to
resist
them
;
and
therefore
he
advised
him
to
secure
himself
from
so
furious
a
Tempest
by
retiring
into
some
Places
within
his
Empire
where
he
might
be
in
safety
.
The
King
who
easily
discovered
the
Malice
of
that
wicked
Prince
,
whose
Design
was
to
stop
his
further
Progress
,
and
by
obliging
him
to
divide
his
Troops
to
weaken
himself
in
such
sort
,
as
that
he
might
become
an
easie
Prey
to
the
Infidels
,
generously
answered
the
Ambassadors
,
That
as
he
did
not
in
the
least
Degree
stand
in
Fear
of
the
Turks
,
so
he
stood
in
no
Necessity
of
the
Favour
which
the
Emperor
their
Master
pretended
to
do
him
,
and
that
he
was
fully
resolved
to
pursue
his
Enterprise
.
Whereupon
the
Ambassadors
,
according
to
the
Orders
which
they
had
received
,
seeing
they
had
unprofitably
spent
the
other
foolish
Temptation
of
Fear
,
presented
the
King
with
other
Letters
,
by
which
that
Emperor
discovered
more
plainly
his
Malicious
Will
;
for
therein
he
complained
mightily
of
the
Disorders
which
he
said
the
Kings
Army
committed
in
his
Territories
,
and
with
a
kind
of
Menace
gave
him
to
understand
,
that
it
was
impossible
for
him
hereafter
to
prevent
his
Subjects
from
taking
Vengeance
upon
them
upon
all
Occasions
that
should
offer
.
To
this
the
King
who
amidst
all
the
Goodness
of
his
Natural
Disposition
,
ever
retained
a
certain
Air
and
Character
of
Greatness
,
and
a
Noble
Fierceness
,
worthy
of
the
Greatest
of
all
Kings
,
made
no
other
Answer
than
by
a
Gesture
of
Disdain
,
by
a
short
turn
Leaving
the
Ambassadors
to
carry
that
Account
,
for
he
would
send
no
other
,
to
their
Master
:
leaving
Ephesus
therefore
which
at
that
time
was
almost
nothing
but
a
miserable
Heap
of
Ruins
,
he
went
to
pass
the
Feasts
at
Christmass
in
the
open
Fields
in
that
fair
and
delicious
Valley
where
now
the
rest
of
that
City
is
situate
.
After
Christmass
he
quitted
the
Sea-Coast
,
and
advanced
more
within
Land
towards
the
East
,
drawing
right
toward
Laodicea
a
City
of
Lydia
between
Tralla
and
Apamia
,
upon
the
River
Lycus
,
where
it
goes
to
lose
it self
in
that
of
Meander
,
upon
the
Banks
whereof
all
the
Army
went
to
encamp
in
the
beginning
of
the
following
Year
.
The
River
of
Meander
so
celebrated
by
the
Songs
of
the
Poets
,
for
the
singing
of
her
Swans
,
of
which
they
have
there
created
great
Numbers
,
which
never
mortal
man
could
yet
find
,
is
one
of
the
fairest
Rivers
of
the
lesser
Asia
,
and
which
in
its
Course
waters
more
Countries
than
all
the
others
;
for
it
hath
so
many
several
Windings
and
Turnings
,
that
it
is
said
between
the
Head
of
its
Spring
,
and
its
Fall
into
the
Sea
it
makes
six
hundred
Semicircles
.
It
rises
out
of
a
Fountain
sometimes
called
Aulocrene
,
at
the
Foot
of
the
Mount
Selenus
in
the
greater
Phrygia
,
and
after
having
moistened
that
fair
Province
,
it
turns
from
the
East
to
the
West
running
between
the
Mountains
and
the
Hills
,
through
those
rich
and
spacious
Vallies
and
delightful
Medows
,
which
on
the
right
Hand
divide
Lydia
and
Ionia
from
Caria
,
whose
Boundary
it
is
on
the
left
Hand
,
till
it
falls
into
the
Egean
Sea
,
between
the
Cities
of
Miletus
and
Priena
.
When
the
Army
was
arrived
to
the
Banks
of
this
famous
River
,
it
was
resolved
to
stay
there
to
refresh
themselves
for
a
few
days
in
that
place
,
which
is
one
of
the
richest
and
most
delightful
Countries
of
all
Asia
.
But
they
were
no
sooner
incamped
,
but
they
perceived
that
the
Turks
had
posted
themselves
most
advantageously
upon
the
Mountains
which
lye
on
both
sides
of
the
River
.
For
the
Infidels
had
learnt
by
their
Greek
Spies
,
who
gave
them
constant
Intelligence
,
that
the
French
marching
from
Ephesus
,
took
the
way
for
Laodicea
,
which
lies
on
the
further
side
of
Meander
;
and
there
they
imagined
they
might
combat
them
with
great
advantage
,
and
defeat
them
without
difficulty
in
their
passage
over
the
River
.
year
1148
For
this
purpose
therefore
they
divided
their
Army
into
two
Parts
;
possessing
themselves
of
all
the
Heights
on
both
sides
of
the
River
,
that
when
the
French
Army
should
attempt
to
pass
it
,
the
one
should
fall
in
upon
their
Rere
,
at
the
same
time
that
the
others
being
posted
on
the
further
Bank
,
should
oppose
the
Van
in
their
Endeavours
to
pass
over
,
and
in
Case
either
of
them
found
themselves
pressed
,
they
should
retire
to
the
Mountains
which
were
at
no
great
distance
from
them
.
The
King
presently
apprehended
their
Design
,
and
finding
no
Possibility
of
passing
it
in
that
place
where
he
was
encamped
,
by
reason
the
River
was
too
deep
and
large
,
resolved
to
pass
up
higher
towards
Laodicea
;
and
to
secure
his
March
,
he
placed
the
Baggage
and
all
that
was
feeble
in
the
middle
,
ranging
his
best
Troops
in
the
Rere
,
and
on
his
left
towards
the
Mountains
;
for
he
feared
not
to
be
attacked
either
in
the
Front
,
or
on
that
side
where
the
River
separated
him
from
the
Enemies
who
marched
over
against
him
to
impeach
his
Passage
.
In
this
Condition
he
marched
some
time
,
but
could
make
no
manner
of
Progress
,
because
he
was
continually
obliged
to
make
Halts
,
to
repulse
the
Enemies
who
perpetually
followed
the
Army
,
coming
to
make
a
Discharge
with
their
Arrows
without
coming
nearer
,
and
then
wheeling
off
at
full
Speed
;
immediately
returning
in
the
same
manner
without
ever
coming
to
handy
Blows
.
So
that
the
second
day
,
seeing
that
he
could
neither
sight
,
nor
march
at
quiet
,
he
stopt
short
about
Noon
,
and
resolved
to
attempt
the
Pass
in
the
View
of
both
the
Armies
who
observed
his
Motions
.
In
Truth
it
was
a
brave
and
Generous
Resolution
,
but
extreme
difficult
in
the
Execution
;
for
the
Meander
though
it
be
not
very
Rapid
by
Reason
of
its
many
Windings
,
yet
it
is
very
broad
and
deep
.
It
was
in
the
Month
of
January
when
Rivers
usually
are
at
the
biggest
,
and
it
had
now
rained
for
four
days
in
such
abundance
,
that
its
Waters
were
considerably
increased
;
there
was
one
Army
at
his
Back
,
and
another
appeared
drawn
up
in
Batallia
upon
the
further
Bank
,
and
in
the
Plain
whither
it
was
descended
to
defend
the
Pass
;
and
if
the
Entry
into
the
River
was
easie
the
getting
out
was
difficult
,
the
further
Bank
being
not
only
possessed
by
the
Enemies
,
but
very
steep
and
high
;
and
that
which
made
the
Difficulty
greater
was
,
that
there
was
not
one
fordable
place
to
be
found
,
all
the
Country
People
though
several
Examined
agreeing
in
the
Protestation
that
they
never
knew
any
passing
there
.
And
besides
all
this
,
so
soon
as
any
of
the
Soldiers
entred
the
River
to
search
for
a
Ford
,
the
Turks
on
the
other
side
also
entred
the
River
,
and
showred
down
their
Arrows
upon
them
.
Nevertheless
the
Desire
which
the
Army
had
to
pass
and
fight
the
Infidels
was
so
great
,
that
after
having
tried
both
above
and
below
to
find
out
a
Ford
in
the
River
,
without
regarding
the
Arrows
of
the
Enemies
,
they
at
the
last
found
one
,
turning
a
little
upon
the
left
hand
,
which
those
of
the
Country
had
never
known
.
The
King
after
he
had
given
Orders
to
the
Cavalry
of
the
Avant-Guard
to
pass
the
Ford
,
he
put
himself
at
the
Head
of
the
Rere
,
which
faced
the
Turks
who
had
charged
them
there
,
and
running
upon
them
at
a
full
Cariere
before
they
had
the
Liberty
according
to
their
Custom
to
retire
,
he
cut
a
great
part
of
them
in
pieces
,
and
repulsed
the
rest
with
Sword
and
Lance
at
their
very
Reins
,
even
to
the
Mountains
.
At
the
same
time
Thierri
Earl
of
Flanders
,
Henry
the
Son
of
Thibald
Earl
of
Champagne
,
and
William
Earl
de
Mascon
,
having
thrown
themselves
with
the
first
Squadrons
into
the
River
,
were
followed
by
all
the
rest
,
and
in
Despight
of
the
Arrows
which
like
Hail
were
showred
most
furiously
upon
them
from
the
opposite
Bank
,
which
did
but
little
Execution
upon
those
armed
Troops
,
they
gained
the
other
Shoar
,
and
sustained
the
Shock
of
their
Enemies
,
till
the
rest
of
the
Troops
got
over
and
drew
up
in
Batalia
.
Immediately
thereupon
they
made
a
most
furious
Charge
upon
the
Turks
,
who
now
no
longer
able
to
use
their
Bows
were
presently
overthrown
;
for
these
Barbarians
having
no
defensive
Arms
,
and
not
accustomed
to
fight
Foot
to
Foot
against
the
Franks
,
were
constrained
to
give
way
to
that
Terrible
Shock
,
and
therefore
betook
themselves
to
Flight
,
leaving
a
great
Number
of
their
Men
extended
upon
the
Earth
,
and
a
great
many
of
Prisoners
;
the
rest
were
pursued
to
the
Mountains
where
they
saved
themselves
,
year
1148
but
the
Camp
which
they
had
pitched
in
the
Plain
,
fell
to
the
Share
of
the
Soldiers
;
thus
the
whole
Army
having
now
no
more
Enemy
neither
in
Front
or
Rear
which
durst
appear
,
passed
the
River
with
Ease
,
some
behind
the
Horse
,
others
upon
the
Wagons
and
Planks
of
Timber
.
There
ran
a
Report
in
the
Army
,
that
a
Cavalier
in
white
Arms
,
who
was
never
seen
before
nor
after
,
passing
before
the
rest
as
it
were
to
shew
them
the
Way
they
were
to
take
,
gave
the
first
Charge
upon
the
Squadrons
of
the
Enemy
.
But
as
it
was
the
Humour
of
those
times
to
feign
such
Visions
,
to
render
extraordinary
Actions
as
this
was
,
more
miraculous
,
one
may
without
scruple
dispense
with
disbelieving
this
Apparition
.
Eudes
a
Monk
of
St.
Dennis
who
was
the
Successor
of
Sugerius
,
and
who
was
by
that
great
Abbot
recommended
to
the
King
as
an
able
Man
to
serve
him
,
both
as
his
Chaplain
and
his
Secretary
,
during
that
Voyage
satisfies
himself
with
saying
,
that
there
were
several
who
affirmed
they
saw
that
white
Cavalier
,
but
that
for
his
own
particular
he
was
resolved
neither
to
be
deceived
nor
to
deceive
others
,
and
that
he
saw
no
such
thing
.
He
adds
,
like
a
man
of
Sense
,
that
without
having
Recourse
to
this
Marvel
which
was
not
easie
to
prove
,
there
was
another
Passage
not
less
remarkable
or
surprising
,
and
which
ought
to
be
wholly
attributed
to
the
Divine
Protection
,
and
that
is
,
that
in
this
Attempt
there
was
not
one
Person
of
Quality
lost
except
Milon
or
Miles
the
Lord
of
Nogent
who
was
drowned
.
A
strange
and
marvellous
Adventure
!
which
we
have
seen
repeated
within
a
few
days
,
by
that
admirable
Reflux
,
and
if
I
may
venture
to
express
it
so
,
Circulation
of
the
same
Events
which
produces
the
same
thing
in
succeeding
Ages
which
have
happened
in
those
past
so
long
ago
.
For
in
the
War
with
Holland
,
where
the
King
of
France
by
the
prodigious
Success
of
his
Arms
made
himself
Master
in
less
than
one
Champagne
of
above
thirty
strong
places
;
he
commanded
a
Party
of
his
Cavalry
to
pass
the
Rhine
not
far
from
its
Mouth
,
under
the
Conduct
of
the
Generous
Count
de
Guiche
,
where
those
Braves
,
in
the
View
of
their
Enemies
who
were
drawn
up
on
the
other
side
to
oppose
them
,
passed
that
great
River
,
partly
by
a
Ford
till
that
time
unknown
,
and
partly
by
swimming
,
without
any
other
considerable
Loss
than
that
of
the
Count
de
Nogent
,
who
there
perished
in
signallizing
by
a
glorious
Death
,
his
Zeal
and
Courage
in
one
of
the
fairest
Occasions
that
were
ever
seen
.
But
it
is
in
short
,
that
one
ought
to
expect
,
that
what
ever
was
great
or
Heroick
in
their
Ancestors
,
is
in
our
time
to
be
performed
by
their
Descendants
,
under
a
King
,
who
hitherto
hath
carried
the
Glory
of
this
August
Monarchy
to
a
higher
Degree
,
than
any
of
his
Illustrious
Predecessors
have
done
since
Charlemain
.
The
End
of
the
First
Part.
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
CRUSADE
,
OR
,
The
Expeditions
of
the
Christian
Princes
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
.
TOME
II.
BOOK
I.
The
CONTENTS
of
the
First
Book
.
The
Rereguard
of
the
Kings
Army
Defeated
in
the
Mountains
of
Laodicea
for
want
of
observing
the
Kings
Orders
.
The
Description
of
that
Combat
.
A
most
Heroick
Action
of
the
King
in
an
extreme
Danger
of
his
Life
.
His
March
,
and
admirable
Conduct
to
Attalia
.
The
new
Perfidy
of
the
Greeks
in
Betraying
the
Royal
Army
.
The
Arrival
of
the
King
at
Antioch
,
and
his
Difference
with
Prince
Raymond
.
The
Conquenty
March
to
Jerusalem
,
where
he
is
met
by
the
Emperor
Conrade
.
The
Councel
at
Ptolemaïs
,
where
the
Siege
of
Damascus
is
resolved
.
The
Description
of
the
City
of
Damascus
.
The
manner
of
the
March
of
the
Christian
Army
towards
that
City
.
The
young
King
Baldwin
makes
the
first
Attack
,
his
Character
,
and
extraordinary
Valour
in
the
Attack
against
the
Gardens
and
Suburbs
of
Damascus
.
The
great
Combat
upon
the
Bank
of
the
River
.
A
brave
Action
of
the
Emperor
Conrade
.
An
Account
of
the
Siege
of
Damascus
,
and
the
Treachery
of
the
Syrians
,
which
occasioned
the
ill
Success
of
that
Enterprise
.
The
Return
of
the
Emperor
and
the
King
.
The
Murmurs
against
St.
Bernard
,
and
his
Apology
.
The
Conquest
of
Noradin
after
the
raising
of
the
Siege
.
The
Death
of
King
Baldwin
and
his
Elogy
.
His
Brother
Amauri
Succeeds
him
.
The
History
of
that
Princes
Life
,
who
by
his
Avarice
looseth
the
Opportunity
of
Conquering
all
Egypt
.
The
History
of
Syracon
,
who
Seizes
upon
the
Kingdom
of
Egypt
,
and
leaves
it
to
his
Nephew
Saladin
.
The
Elogy
and
first
Conquest
of
that
Prince
.
The
Death
of
Amauri
,
and
the
Troubles
and
Divisions
which
it
caused
in
the
Realm
.
The
Conquests
of
Saladin
thereupon
.
The
Reign
of
Baldwin
the
Leprous
.
The
Ambassage
to
the
Princes
of
the
West
,
to
desire
their
Help
against
Saladin
.
The
Negotiation
of
the
Ambassadors
with
the
Pope
and
Emperor
,
in
France
,
and
England
with
Henry
the
Second
.
The
Artifices
of
that
King
to
Elude
this
Ambassage
.
A
famous
Care
of
Conscience
proposed
in
the
Parliament
at
London
upon
this
great
Affair
.
The
Reasons
on
one
side
and
the
other
.
The
best
Opinion
rejected
by
the
Bishops
as
False
.
The
Displeasure
of
the
Patriarch
Heraclius
against
the
King
.
The
Conference
between
Philip
Augustus
and
King
Henry
,
which
Recommences
the
War
.
The
Apostacy
and
Treason
of
a
Templer
.
The
Death
of
King
Baldwin
the
Fourth
,
and
of
the
young
King
his
Nephew
.
The
Artifice
of
Sybil
Mother
to
the
deceased
Infant
King
,
to
obtain
the
Crown
for
Guy
de
Lusignan
her
second
Husband
.
The
Despight
of
Raymond
Earl
of
Tripolis
thereupon
.
His
Character
.
His
horrible
Treason
,
and
secret
Treaty
with
Saladin
,
who
Enters
Galilee
and
Besieges
Tiberias
.
Division
in
the
Councel
of
War
held
by
the
King
.
The
unfortunate
Battle
of
Tiberias
;
which
was
lost
by
the
Treachery
of
Count
Raymond
.
The
Advantage
which
Saladin
made
of
his
Victory
.
The
Relation
of
the
Siege
and
taking
of
Jerusalem
by
that
victorious
Prince
.
The
sorrowful
Departure
of
the
Christians
from
Jerusalem
,
and
the
Generosity
of
Saladin
.
The
Cruelty
,
and
miserable
Death
of
the
Earl
of
Tripolis
.
The
Triumph
of
Saladin
.
An
Account
of
the
Preserving
of
Tyre
by
Marquis
Conrade
.
The
Causes
of
the
Loss
of
the
Holy
Land
.
year
1148
AFTER
so
fair
a
Victory
,
the
Greeks
who
could
by
no
means
indure
the
Glory
and
the
Advantages
of
the
French
,
began
more
openly
to
declare
themselves
against
them
than
before
;
for
now
they
plainly
joyned
with
the
Turks
,
to
whom
they
afforded
not
only
a
Retreat
to
Antioch
in
Pisidia
,
but
gave
them
also
the
Opportunity
with
Ease
to
Assemble
and
Re-unite
their
scattered
Troops
.
Whilest
in
the
mean
time
the
King
was
in
great
Straits
for
Subsistence
,
and
finding
himself
in
no
Condition
to
Attaque
them
in
so
strong
a
Place
,
drew
towards
Laodicea
,
a
large
City
,
but
not
so
well
Fortified
as
to
be
in
a
Condition
to
Resist
him
,
and
there
he
hoped
to
meet
with
some
Refreshment
for
his
Army
.
He
arrived
there
three
or
four
days
after
the
Battle
,
but
to
his
great
Disappointment
he
found
,
by
the
Baseness
of
him
that
Commanded
there
for
the
Emperor
,
that
there
was
no
manner
of
Provision
for
the
Army
.
It
was
this
wicked
Villain
,
who
pretending
to
Convoy
a
party
of
the
poor
Germans
who
had
saved
themselves
after
their
Defeat
,
lead
them
into
an
Ambuscade
of
Turks
,
who
put
them
all
to
the
Sword
,
and
with
whom
,
as
it
was
before
Agreed
,
he
divided
their
Spoil
.
This
Infamous
Traitor
,
fearing
,
it
seems
,
that
the
French
would
be
Revenged
of
him
for
his
Treachery
,
or
else
that
,
imagining
he
should
not
be
able
to
Betray
them
in
the
same
manner
,
he
was
resolved
to
do
them
a
greater
Mischief
,
after
having
caused
all
the
Inhabitants
to
Retire
with
their
Goods
and
Provisions
to
the
Woods
and
Mountains
,
went
himself
to
seek
a
Refuge
among
the
Turks
;
so
that
the
King
was
obliged
to
stay
there
,
till
those
Fugitives
could
be
found
and
perswaded
to
return
;
year
1148
after
which
loading
their
Waggons
and
Sumpters
with
Provisions
,
which
the
King
,
who
was
for
rendring
Good
for
Evil
,
would
have
them
paid
for
,
the
Army
decamped
and
took
the
way
of
Pamphilia
,
that
so
they
might
by
Marching
near
the
Sea
have
a
more
commodious
Passage
,
and
meet
with
better
Plenty
of
Forrage
and
Subsistence
.
And
tho
they
knew
that
both
the
Greeks
and
the
Turks
Coasted
along
with
them
,
tho
at
a
great
Distance
,
yet
they
were
esteemed
such
contemptible
Enemies
,
and
the
French
were
so
Confident
after
the
Victory
they
had
gained
,
that
there
was
too
little
care
taken
to
stand
upon
their
Guard
:
But
this
Presumption
,
as
it
usually
happens
,
did
not
fail
to
be
very
Pernicious
to
this
Army
,
which
was
unfortunately
beaten
by
the
Turks
,
by
the
Fault
of
one
Man
,
who
neglected
to
observe
the
Orders
which
were
wisely
Established
by
Military
Discipline
.
the
Army
following
the
Custom
of
those
Times
,
was
divided
only
into
two
Bodies
,
one
of
which
composed
the
Vanguard
,
and
the
other
the
Rereguard
.
To
avoid
Jealousies
,
these
two
Bodies
were
every
day
Commanded
by
two
of
the
Principal
Lords
,
who
under
the
King
took
their
several
Turns
,
the
King
sometimes
Marching
with
one
,
sometimes
with
the
other
:
Every
Night
they
Assembled
in
Councel
,
at
which
all
the
Lords
Assisted
,
where
Orders
were
issued
out
concerning
the
Way
of
the
next
days
March
,
and
the
Place
where
the
Army
was
to
Encamp
.
Now
there
happened
to
be
in
the
Way
which
they
must
of
necessity
pass
,
a
mighty
high
Mountain
,
extream
difficult
of
Access
by
reason
of
the
dangerous
Narrowness
and
broken
Craggs
and
Rocks
where
the
Army
must
file
off
.
The
King
therefore
following
the
Resolution
which
had
been
taken
at
the
Councel
,
gave
Order
,
that
they
should
Encamp
on
the
Top
of
the
Mountain
,
and
that
they
should
pass
the
Night
there
,
and
the
next
Morning
descend
into
the
Plain
in
order
of
Battle
.
He
who
led
the
Vanguard
that
Day
,
was
Geoffry
Rancon
of
Poitiers
Lord
of
Taillebourg
,
who
carried
the
Royal
Standard
according
to
the
Custom
,
next
the
Orislame
at
the
Head
of
this
Vanguard
;
The
Count
de
Morienne
,
the
King's
Uncle
,
with
the
Queen
and
all
the
Ladies
of
Quality
were
there
also
by
very
good
Fortune
,
going
before
,
that
so
they
might
come
in
better
time
to
the
Place
where
they
were
to
Incamp.
The
King
,
who
usually
chose
the
Place
where
there
was
most
Danger
,
had
put
himself
into
the
Rere
,
that
so
he
might
make
Head
against
the
Enemies
,
if
they
should
attempt
to
Follow
or
Molest
him
as
they
had
done
at
the
Battle
of
Meander
.
Geoffry
Arrived
at
the
Mountain
in
very
good
time
,
and
seeing
the
Sun
yet
of
a
great
height
,
and
his
Guides
telling
him
that
if
he
did
but
make
a
little
the
more
Hast
,
he
might
Incamp
far
more
Commodiously
,
in
one
of
the
fairest
Plains
of
all
Asia
,
where
he
should
meet
with
all
sorts
of
Refreshments
for
the
Army
;
forgetting
therefore
the
Orders
of
the
King
,
with
extream
Rashness
he
descended
from
the
Mountain
,
and
Marched
a
great
way
to
that
agreeable
Place
which
had
been
shewed
him
,
supposing
that
the
Arrierguard
not
finding
him
upon
the
Mountain
,
would
certainly
follow
him
.
But
he
took
very
false
Measures
,
and
in
deceiving
himself
in
this
manner
,
occasioned
the
Loss
of
the
other
part
of
the
Army
,
which
was
more
miserably
deceived
by
him
.
For
the
very
same
Reason
which
made
him
March
forward
from
the
Mountain
to
gain
the
Valley
,
made
the
others
also
,
seeing
the
Sun
so
high
,
to
make
no
hast
to
get
to
the
Mountain
,
where
they
doubted
not
but
to
find
him
Encamped
according
to
the
King's
Orders
.
By
this
means
the
Turks
,
who
Coasted
all
along
constantly
with
the
Army
,
perceiving
that
the
two
Bodies
were
so
separated
,
that
it
was
impossible
for
the
one
to
Assist
the
other
,
ran
immediately
to
Seise
upon
the
Top
of
the
Mountain
,
where
they
presently
cut
in
pieces
all
those
of
the
scattering
Infantry
,
whom
they
found
there
for
the
most
part
Unarmed
,
being
not
able
to
follow
the
Gross
of
the
Army
,
and
having
seised
the
Pass
,
they
cut
off
the
Rereguard
in
such
manner
that
it
was
impossible
for
them
to
joyn
with
the
Van
,
without
passing
through
the
whole
Army
of
their
Enemies
.
It
was
a
strange
Surprise
to
these
Troops
,
who
after
they
were
Advanced
a
good
way
up
the
Mountain
into
the
strait
Passages
,
believing
there
to
find
their
Companions
,
instead
of
them
to
meet
with
their
Enemies
,
who
at
an
Instant
discharged
upon
them
a
fearful
Cloud
of
Arrows
,
and
who
shooting
from
on
high
upon
a
company
who
were
Intangled
and
Disordered
one
among
another
,
tumbled
them
down
with
mighty
Blows
of
the
Mace
and
Cimiter
,
year
1148
before
they
almost
thought
of
betaking
themselves
to
their
Arms.
The
first
being
Overthrown
tumbled
upon
those
in
the
Middle
,
where
were
the
Chariots
Loaden
with
Arms
,
and
the
Beasts
of
Burthen
with
the
Baggage
,
so
that
the
most
valiant
Men
of
the
Army
which
followed
them
,
were
not
able
to
get
over
that
Stop
,
to
Charge
the
Enemy
,
who
made
a
horrible
Butchery
among
those
who
could
neither
Retreat
nor
Advance
:
The
Men
,
the
Mules
,
the
Horses
,
being
crowded
,
in
Shoals
came
tumbling
down
upon
those
who
indeavoured
to
gain
a
Passage
to
come
to
the
Enemies
,
who
Fought
with
all
manner
of
Advantage
,
since
in
this
fearful
Confusion
there
was
none
in
a
Condition
to
Oppose
them
.
In
the
End
,
the
Lords
followed
by
their
best
Soldiers
,
and
the
King
himself
at
their
Head
,
made
so
good
Way
,
that
whilest
the
others
Fled
in
Disorder
,
indeavouring
to
escape
round
the
Mountain
,
they
got
up
to
the
place
where
the
Turks
had
Posted
themselves
in
Battalia
,
to
support
those
of
their
Troops
who
had
made
the
first
Charge
.
There
it
was
that
there
was
a
kind
of
regular
Combat
;
the
French
Animating
one
another
by
the
Presence
of
the
King
,
and
by
the
little
Account
that
was
to
be
made
of
such
as
they
had
Vanquished
at
the
Meander
,
and
principally
by
the
fatal
Necessity
to
which
they
were
reduced
,
either
to
Conquer
or
to
Dye
.
The
Turks
on
the
other
hand
were
Incouraged
by
the
great
Advantage
which
they
had
already
gained
,
by
the
Disorder
in
which
they
saw
their
Enemies
,
by
the
small
Number
of
those
that
Charged
them
,
and
especially
by
the
Remembrance
of
the
Fortune
of
the
German
Army
,
which
they
had
so
luckily
Defeated
in
the
Straits
of
such
sort
of
Mountains
.
The
Fight
was
maintained
with
extreme
Fury
,
for
the
French
,
to
whom
still
those
who
could
Advance
joyned
themselves
,
slew
in
like
Lions
among
the
thickest
of
their
Enemies
,
where
they
made
a
most
horrible
Slaughter
.
But
the
Turks
,
who
had
there
their
whole
Army
,
sending
in
continual
Troops
of
fresh
Men
to
Inforce
their
Men
,
and
the
French
,
who
were
but
a
small
Handful
,
surrounded
with
a
vast
Multitude
,
could
do
no
more
than
it
was
possible
for
Men
to
do
,
so
that
it
was
impossible
,
but
being
drained
of
all
their
Blood
and
Strength
,
and
not
having
time
to
take
any
Breath
,
but
that
they
must
sink
under
that
Misfortune
;
most
of
those
gallant
Men
being
there
either
Slain
or
taken
Prisoners
;
the
Count
de
Va●ennes
,
and
his
Brother
Everard
de
Bretuïl
,
Count
Renaud
de
Tonnerre
,
Gauthier
de
Montjay
,
Ithier
de
Magni
,
Manasses
de
Bulli
,
and
five
and
thirty
other
great
Lords
who
Accompanied
the
King
,
lost
their
Lives
there
,
in
this
glorious
Occasion
of
defending
his
.
This
brave
Prince
still
Fought
with
an
invincible
Courage
,
Invironed
with
so
many
Enemies
,
and
the
Bodies
of
so
many
of
his
generous
Friends
who
lay
dead
at
his
Feet
,
till
such
time
as
some
one
of
his
Cavaliers
,
laying
hold
of
his
Horses
Bridle
,
made
way
with
their
Swords
quite
through
the
Body
of
the
Turks
,
and
so
gained
the
Top
of
the
Mountain
,
where
they
Inclosed
him
with
a
Wall
of
their
own
Bodies
,
to
defend
him
,
till
the
Obscurity
of
the
Night
,
which
now
drew
on
apace
,
favoured
him
with
a
Retreat
.
But
the
greatest
part
of
them
being
Slain
by
a
great
Troop
of
Turks
who
Pursued
them
,
without
knowing
that
it
was
the
King
,
he
found
himself
almost
alone
,
and
therefore
quitting
his
Horse
,
he
scrambled
up
a
Rock
by
the
help
of
some
Bows
of
a
Tree
which
grew
there
,
thinking
that
might
be
a
convenient
Place
to
enable
him
to
defend
himself
from
the
Pursuers
.
But
the
Turks
Compassing
him
round
,
some
shot
at
him
to
bring
him
down
,
others
indeavoured
to
Climb
up
after
him
,
to
Kill
or
take
him
Prisoner
.
In
all
appearance
it
was
impossible
that
he
could
Escape
,
but
nevertheless
by
a
particular
Protection
of
God
,
and
by
a
Prodigy
of
Courage
and
Valour
,
he
did
escape
this
Danger
.
His
Curiass
guarded
him
sufficiently
against
the
Arrows
,
and
with
his
Sword
cutting
off
the
Hands
,
and
splitting
the
Sculls
of
those
who
indeavoured
to
get
up
to
him
upon
the
Rock
,
he
Defended
himself
with
such
an
incredible
Force
,
and
without
Weariness
,
that
the
Turks
who
took
him
for
some
ordinary
Cavalier
,
surprised
by
his
astonishing
Valour
,
and
fearing
besides
that
here
they
should
get
nothing
but
Blows
,
and
loose
also
their
Share
in
the
Plunder
,
they
left
him
to
run
to
the
Booty
,
before
it
was
quite
Night
,
with
the
rest
of
their
Companions
.
In
the
mean
time
some
Soldiers
and
Servants
of
the
Army
,
who
under
the
Favour
of
the
Darkness
were
indeavouring
to
Escape
,
year
1148
among
the
Rocks
passed
by
the
Place
where
the
King
was
,
and
knowing
him
by
his
Voice
,
for
he
called
to
them
,
perceiving
them
to
be
of
his
own
People
;
and
thereupon
mounting
upon
a
led-Horse
,
after
having
wandred
a
good
part
of
the
Night
in
unknown
and
dangerous
Places
,
at
the
last
they
discovered
the
Fires
of
the
Vanguard
,
and
a
little
after
met
with
the
Troops
of
Horse
which
were
coming
to
meet
them
.
For
the
King
during
the
Combat
,
had
commanded
his
Chaplain
Eudes
,
the
Monk
of
St.
Dennis
,
to
save
himself
as
well
as
he
could
,
and
make
hast
to
the
Camp
of
the
Vanguard
,
to
order
them
to
March
instantly
to
his
Relief
;
but
the
Way
being
long
and
difficult
,
and
that
they
had
not
Notice
till
very
late
,
this
Succour
came
too
late
,
and
served
to
no
other
purpose
but
to
Conduct
the
King
to
the
Camp
,
after
having
found
him
in
this
pittiful
Estate
.
It
is
impossible
to
express
the
Consternation
which
the
Army
was
in
,
seeing
the
King
so
slenderly
Accompanied
,
after
the
Loss
of
so
many
Lords
of
the
first
Quality
,
and
almost
all
the
Rereguard
,
except
a
few
Soldiers
who
saved
themselves
in
the
Woods
and
Mountains
,
and
at
last
found
the
Way
to
the
Camp
,
whither
they
came
straggling
one
after
another
all
the
Night
.
There
was
scarcely
any
Person
in
the
Camp
but
what
had
some
Share
in
this
deplorable
Loss
:
One
lamented
his
Father
,
another
his
Son
,
this
his
Brother
,
that
his
Kinsman
or
his
Friend
;
some
ran
to
Embrace
those
of
their
Acquaintance
,
who
were
got
off
half
Naked
,
and
without
their
Arms
;
whilest
others
who
conceived
a
like
Hope
for
theirs
,
in
vain
expected
those
who
were
never
to
Return
.
However
all
of
them
Comforted
themselves
in
this
extream
Grief
,
by
the
Joy
which
they
had
at
the
Kings
Escape
,
after
he
had
run
such
a
fearful
Danger
of
being
Lost
,
and
had
defended
himself
from
it
in
that
Heroick
manner
which
hath
been
related
;
and
in
short
,
all
of
them
in
the
midst
of
this
Grief
and
Joy
,
tumultuously
and
loudly
demanded
the
Death
of
Geoffry
,
who
had
most
apparently
been
the
only
Cause
of
this
horrible
Loss
,
by
disobeying
those
Orders
which
had
been
prescribed
him
by
the
King
,
and
so
furiously
were
they
Incensed
against
him
,
that
nothing
would
satisfy
them
but
to
have
him
Hanged
immediately
:
And
certainly
it
is
impossible
to
deny
but
that
he
well
deserved
to
have
suffered
Death
,
but
such
was
the
Bounty
and
natural
Goodness
of
the
King
,
and
the
Count
de
Morienne
,
having
also
in
a
great
Measure
been
Guilty
of
that
Miscarriage
,
for
whom
the
King
had
a
great
Value
,
he
scaped
with
his
Life
.
The
next
Day
when
they
were
to
Decamp
,
the
Army
was
reduced
to
very
great
Extremities
.
For
they
discovered
the
Enemies
upon
the
Tops
of
the
Mountains
,
ready
to
follow
the
remainder
of
the
Army
,
and
to
take
all
Advantages
to
Surprise
them
again
upon
their
March
.
The
Provisions
began
to
fail
;
they
had
twelve
days
March
to
the
Place
whither
they
designed
to
go
,
they
wanted
good
Guides
,
and
must
of
necessity
pass
through
Countries
possessed
by
the
Turks
and
the
Greeks
who
were
equally
their
Enemies
.
All
these
Dangers
and
Difficulties
,
how
great
soever
,
did
not
yet
abate
the
Courage
of
the
French
,
who
are
usually
Reproached
with
loosing
a
great
part
of
their
Fire
and
their
natural
Confidence
,
when
they
are
under
adverse
Fortune
;
however
it
did
not
happen
so
upon
this
Occasion
,
which
only
made
them
more
Wise
,
and
not
less
Valiant
or
Resolved
.
The
King
to
model
this
new
Army
,
divided
it
also
into
two
Bodies
,
one
of
which
was
the
Rereguard
;
He
gave
the
Command
of
this
to
the
Great
Master
of
the
Temple
,
Everard
de
Barres
,
a
most
valiant
Gentleman
,
who
some
days
before
was
come
to
joyn
the
Army
with
a
good
Troop
of
the
Knights
of
that
Order
.
The
Conduct
of
the
other
he
intrusted
with
an
old
Captain
,
one
Gilbert
,
to
whom
all
the
others
,
though
in
Quality
much
Superior
to
him
,
yet
,
made
no
Difficulty
to
submit
themselves
,
since
the
King
himself
protested
that
he
would
obey
his
Orders
.
But
he
most
humbly
intreated
the
King
,
to
put
himself
between
these
two
Bodies
with
a
good
Body
of
Horse
and
Foot
,
that
so
he
might
be
able
from
thence
to
send
Assistance
to
either
of
them
,
if
they
should
happen
to
be
much
Pressed
by
the
Enemy
.
The
Baggage
marched
in
the
Middle
,
and
a
great
part
of
the
Horse
were
Ranged
upon
the
Wings
to
the
Right
and
Left
,
to
cover
the
Flanks
of
the
Army
.
In
this
manner
it
was
that
they
Advanced
,
and
in
this
Order
marched
daily
towards
Pamphilia
,
with
so
much
Conduct
,
that
the
Enemies
who
Coasted
along
with
them
,
and
Attacked
them
four
several
times
,
year
1148
were
continually
Repulsed
;
and
particularly
one
time
the
King
seeing
them
Ingaged
between
two
little
Rivers
,
Charged
them
so
smartly
,
that
he
took
a
sufficient
Revenge
upon
them
for
the
Defeat
of
his
Rereguard
,
cutting
in
pieces
the
greatest
part
of
those
Barbarians
,
and
putting
the
rest
to
a
shameful
Flight
.
The
most
troublesom
Enemy
which
he
had
to
Combat
was
Want
,
for
all
the
Country
was
either
Desert
,
or
ruined
by
the
Enemies
,
who
laid
all
wast
where-ever
the
Army
was
to
pass
;
so
that
they
were
reduced
to
that
Extremity
to
Eat
their
Horses
,
which
they
were
also
constrained
to
kill
for
want
of
Forrage
for
so
great
a
Number
.
But
that
which
supported
them
still
,
was
the
Example
of
the
King
,
who
indured
all
these
Inconveniences
as
if
he
had
been
one
of
the
meanest
Soldiers
:
Some
he
commended
,
others
he
incouraged
,
and
liberally
bestowed
what
he
had
among
them
to
Comfort
the
poor
Creatures
;
his
Care
was
every
where
,
and
he
took
his
Share
in
all
the
Troubles
of
the
War
,
having
his
Curiass
on
almost
Night
and
Day
,
and
performing
all
the
Functions
of
a
Great
Captain
and
a
Soldier
with
all
the
Vigor
imaginable
;
And
to
all
this
he
added
a
Piety
towards
God
so
constant
and
regular
,
that
in
all
the
time
of
this
laborious
Voyage
he
never
failed
to
attend
the
Divine
Offices
of
publick
Prayers
.
In
Conclusion
,
the
Enemies
after
their
last
Defeat
not
daring
to
appear
or
to
molest
the
Army
,
they
performed
this
long
March
with
the
greater
Ease
,
and
about
the
twentieth
of
January
Arrived
near
the
City
of
Attalia
,
Situate
upon
a
Bay
on
the
Coast
of
Pamphylia
,
near
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Cestrius
.
The
Governor
of
that
City
,
which
was
under
the
Dominion
of
the
Greek
Emperor
,
fearing
that
he
was
not
able
to
Resist
so
great
an
Army
,
if
he
declared
himself
their
Enemy
,
offered
the
King
Provisions
and
Ships
to
Transport
his
Army
into
Syria
,
which
was
the
Thing
he
most
ardently
Desired
,
thinking
himself
in
no
Condition
to
accomplish
so
long
a
March
by
Land
;
for
the
King
,
who
had
no
Engines
for
a
Siege
,
and
was
willing
to
satisfy
his
Army
by
shortning
the
Voyage
,
was
very
ready
to
accept
of
his
Offer
:
But
there
was
no
manner
of
Mischief
which
this
Perfidious
and
true
Greek
,
who
held
Intelligence
with
the
Turks
,
did
not
do
,
to
Incommode
and
Ruine
,
as
far
as
he
was
able
,
this
whole
Army
,
during
five
Weeks
which
they
lay
there
in
Expectation
of
a
Wind.
And
then
he
would
find
such
a
small
number
of
Ships
,
and
those
at
such
excessive
Rates
,
that
the
King
was
at
last
constrained
to
Imbarque
himself
,
without
his
Infantry
.
He
then
treated
with
the
Greeks
,
who
obliged
themselves
for
a
large
sum
of
Mony
,
which
was
paid
in
Hand
,
to
receive
the
Sick
into
the
Town
,
till
they
should
be
able
to
indure
the
Sea
,
and
to
Convoy
the
rest
who
chose
to
go
by
Land
,
through
the
midst
of
the
Turks
,
than
to
trust
to
these
Treacherous
Greeks
,
who
notwithstanding
failed
not
to
Sell
and
Betray
them
.
For
so
soon
as
the
King
was
gone
,
the
Infidels
,
who
received
Advertisement
from
these
Traitors
,
came
pouring
down
from
all
Parts
,
upon
these
who
were
to
venture
by
Land
;
and
for
those
who
were
received
into
the
Town
,
the
Greeks
either
Starved
them
,
or
inhumanly
Delivered
them
into
the
Hands
of
the
Turks
,
insomuch
,
that
of
all
those
brave
Men
,
there
was
but
a
very
few
who
Escaped
by
Land
with
the
Earl
of
Flanders
and
Archambald
de
Bourbon
,
who
generously
offered
themselves
to
be
their
Conductors
.
And
now
it
was
,
that
it
appeared
too
late
,
to
be
a
vain
Scruple
,
which
was
to
so
ill
Purpose
opposed
against
the
wise
Council
of
the
Bishop
of
Langres
,
who
advised
the
Seising
upon
Constantinople
;
and
which
occasioned
the
Loss
of
such
a
fair
Army
,
as
,
if
it
had
begun
with
that
Enterprise
so
just
,
so
easy
,
and
so
necessary
,
might
gloriously
have
Triumphed
over
the
whole
East
,
and
absolutely
assured
the
Christians
of
the
Possession
of
the
Holy
Land
.
But
it
is
the
common
Weakness
of
the
greatest
part
of
Mankind
,
not
to
know
what
they
ought
to
do
,
till
for
want
of
doing
it
,
all
is
so
far
lost
,
that
when
they
would
,
they
want
the
Power
proportionate
to
the
Will.
But
as
for
this
persidious
City
,
it
was
afterwards
equally
Punished
both
by
God
and
the
Greek
Emperor
,
though
for
very
different
Reasons
.
For
God
to
revenge
the
Inhumane
Treachery
with
which
they
had
treated
the
French
,
sent
such
a
Pestilence
amongst
the
Inhabitants
a
short
time
after
,
as
swept
away
the
greatest
part
of
them
;
and
the
Emperor
out
of
Madness
that
they
had
assisted
the
French
with
Provisions
and
Shipping
,
laid
such
a
Mul●t
upon
them
,
as
drained
them
of
all
their
ill
gotten
Gold
and
Silver
,
year
1148
and
reduced
the
Remainder
to
extream
Poverty
.
An
Instance
,
from
whence
we
may
learn
,
that
Injustice
,
Oppression
and
Cruelty
,
in
the
Conclusion
,
prove
more
mischievous
to
the
Actors
than
to
the
Sufferers
.
In
the
mean
time
the
King
,
who
had
taken
the
Sea
,
with
all
the
great
Lords
,
and
the
remainder
of
the
Cavalry
,
which
might
yet
compose
a
considerable
Army
,
came
happily
to
an
Anchor
at
the
Port
of
St.
Simeon
,
upon
the
Mouth
of
the
Orontes
,
about
four
or
five
Leagues
from
Antioch
;
into
which
place
he
made
his
Entry
,
upon
the
19th
Day
of
March
,
and
was
received
with
all
manner
of
Magnificence
by
Prince
Raymond
,
who
was
Uncle
,
by
the
Mother
,
to
Queen
Eleoner
.
Now
this
Prince
passionately
desiring
that
the
King
should
immediately
enter
upon
a
War
in
Syria
,
to
conquer
for
him
Aleppo
,
and
the
other
places
belonging
to
the
Principality
of
Antioch
,
which
were
yet
possessed
by
the
Turks
,
there
was
no
sort
of
Artifice
which
he
did
not
put
in
practice
,
to
oblige
him
to
undertake
it
.
He
had
Recourse
to
all
manner
of
Submissions
and
Prayers
;
he
made
use
of
the
Solicitations
of
the
Queen
,
his
Niece
;
he
made
magnificent
Presents
to
all
the
French
Lords
;
and
in
short
,
he
omitted
no
kind
of
Reasons
,
but
pressed
them
with
his
utmost
force
,
both
privately
,
and
in
Council
,
to
persu●de
the
King
,
that
it
must
be
,
not
only
for
his
own
Interest
and
Glory
,
but
for
that
of
all
that
part
of
Christendom
in
the
East
.
But
at
length
he
perceived
that
he
laboured
but
in
vain
.
The
King
,
whether
it
were
that
he
feared
to
engage
himself
in
so
long
and
so
da●gerous
a
War
,
for
the
particular
Interest
of
Prince
Raymond
;
or
whether
it
were
that
some
certain
Intrigues
which
the
Queen
had
in
Antioch
,
which
,
no
doubt
,
did
not
please
him
,
obliged
him
to
leave
that
City
;
he
always
answered
Raymond
,
that
he
was
fully
resolved
,
in
the
first
place
,
to
go
and
pay
his
Vows
at
the
holy
Sepulchre
.
So
that
,
as
it
commonly
happens
,
that
one
violent
Passion
easily
passeth
to
another
Extream
;
this
Prince
being
insinitely
exasperated
by
that
Refusal
,
and
it
may
be
,
not
a
little
animated
by
another
Passion
in
his
Niece
,
to
which
he
joyned
his
,
he
entertained
such
a
mortal
Hatred
against
the
King
,
that
there
was
nothing
which
he
did
not
resolve
to
do
,
to
revenge
himself
.
For
this
reason
,
the
King
,
who
knew
he
was
to
apprehend
all
things
from
a
Spirit
so
furiously
transported
,
that
he
valued
not
what
he
did
,
secretly
conveyed
himself
by
Night
out
of
the
City
,
in
a
manner
not
very
well
becoming
the
Majesty
of
so
great
a
Monarch
;
and
taking
the
Queen
along
with
him
,
not
much
to
her
Satisfaction
,
he
went
and
joyned
his
Troops
,
which
were
encamped
under
the
Walls
,
and
marched
directly
towards
Jerusalem
,
where
the
Emperor
Conrade
was
already
arrived
,
from
Constantinople
,
where
he
had
passed
the
Winter
.
For
that
Prince
,
who
was
resolved
to
accomplish
his
Vow
;
and
who
,
by
reason
of
the
small
Remainder
of
his
Troops
which
were
left
after
his
Misfortune
,
gave
no
Jealousie
to
Manuel
,
easily
obtained
from
him
Shipping
,
to
transport
himself
and
his
Troops
,
in
the
Spring
,
by
Sea
;
as
he
did
,
to
Ptolemais
,
or
Acon
:
from
whence
he
passed
by
Land
to
Jerusalem
.
Alphonsus
,
Earl
of
Tholose
,
and
Son
to
the
brave
Raymond
,
who
had
so
great
a
Part
in
the
first
Crusade
,
coming
at
the
same
time
,
to
the
same
Port
,
took
another
Way
,
all
along
by
the
Sea-Coast
;
but
he
was
stopped
in
his
Journey
,
by
a
deplorable
Death
,
as
he
passed
by
Cesarea
;
being
unfortunately
poysoned
one
Evening
,
at
his
Supper
,
without
ever
being
known
,
either
for
what
Reason
,
or
by
what
Person
,
that
execrable
Fact
was
committed
.
It
was
no
sooner
known
at
Jerusalem
,
that
the
King
,
who
,
it
was
feared
,
would
have
stayed
at
Antioch
,
according
to
the
earnest
Desires
and
Sollicitations
of
Raymond
,
was
parted
from
thence
,
and
that
he
took
the
Way
of
Tripolis
,
but
that
King
Baldwin
,
who
feared
lest
the
Earl
of
Tripolis
should
also
press
him
strongly
to
stay
there
,
sent
immediately
to
him
,
Fulcherius
the
Patriarch
,
to
propound
to
him
such
Reasons
as
,
he
believed
,
would
oblige
him
to
make
what
haste
he
could
to
Jerusalem
,
where
the
Emperor
had
now
been
for
some
time
;
that
so
there
they
might
take
some
good
and
solid
Resolution
,
for
the
common
and
publick
Advantage
of
Affairs
:
To
this
the
King
,
who
desired
nothing
more
,
easily
accorded
;
and
therefore
kept
on
his
way
,
without
staying
any where
,
till
he
arrived
at
the
Holy
City
.
There
he
was
received
with
most
extraordinary
Honours
;
year
1148
all
the
Princes
,
the
Prelates
and
Clergy
,
in
Procession
,
followed
by
a
Multitude
of
the
People
,
met
him
with
great
Acclamations
;
singing
,
as
they
did
to
the
Son
of
God
,
Blessed
be
he
that
cometh
in
the
Name
of
the
Lord
,
whilst
he
made
his
Entry
into
the
City
,
as
it
were
,
in
Triumph
:
After
which
,
all
the
Princes
and
Prelates
accompanied
him
,
to
visit
the
Holy
Places
;
which
he
did
with
a
great
Piety
and
Devotion
.
This
being
done
,
it
was
resolved
,
that
there
should
be
a
General
Assembly
held
at
Ptolemais
;
whither
all
the
Bishops
,
and
the
Lords
of
Palestine
and
Syria
,
might
easily
come
by
Sea
:
where
,
by
common
Consent
,
the
last
Resolution
was
to
be
taken
,
upon
what
was
to
be
undertaken
,
for
the
Security
of
the
Christians
in
the
East
.
There
never
was
a
more
illustrious
Assembly
seen
in
Palestine
,
than
this
;
which
was
honoured
with
the
Presence
of
so
many
great
Princes
.
There
was
the
Emperor
Conrade
,
accompanied
with
the
Cardinal
Theodin
,
Bishop
of
Porto
,
and
the
Great
Men
of
the
Empire
,
who
stayed
with
him
;
among
whom
,
the
principal
were
Otho
of
Fribourg
,
his
Brother
by
the
Mother
;
Frederick
,
Duke
of
Suabia
,
his
Nephew
;
the
Bishops
of
Metz
and
Toul
,
as
Princes
of
the
Holy
Empire
:
as
also
,
the
Bishop
of
Basle
,
Henry
his
Brother
,
Duke
of
Austria
;
Berthold
,
afterwards
Duke
of
Bavaria
;
William
,
Marquis
of
Montferat
;
Guy
,
Earl
of
Blandras
;
and
Herman
,
Marquis
of
Verona
.
The
King
came
attended
with
Guy
,
Cardinal
of
Florence
,
the
Pope's
Legat
in
his
Army
;
and
the
Bishops
of
Langres
and
Lizieux
:
The
Count
de
Dreux
,
his
Brother
;
Thierry
,
Earl
of
Flanders
;
Henry
,
Earl
of
Troyes
;
the
Son
of
Thibald
,
Earl
of
Champagne
;
Ives
de
Nele
,
and
many
other
Lords
of
the
first
Quality
,
who
came
with
him
from
Attalia
.
The
young
King
Baldwin
,
with
his
Mother
Queen
Melesintha
,
also
assisted
at
it
;
together
with
the
Patriarch
of
Jerusalem
,
the
Arch-Bishops
of
Cesarea
and
Nazareth
,
the
Bishops
of
Ptolemais
,
Sidon
,
Beritus
,
Paneas
and
Bethlehem
;
the
Earls
of
Napolis
,
Tiberias
,
Sidon
,
Cesaria
,
Beritus
:
as
also
,
the
Constable
Manasses
,
and
the
great
Masters
of
the
Temple
of
the
Hospitallers
.
It
was
a
long
time
under
Debate
,
what
was
most
advantageous
to
be
undertaken
for
the
common
Interest
;
and
in
conclusion
,
they
determined
to
besiege
Damascus
:
Which
being
,
as
it
were
,
in
the
Centre
and
Midst
of
the
four
Principalities
which
the
Christians
held
in
the
East
,
might
be
equally
dangerous
to
them
all
.
Upon
this
,
all
the
Troops
were
appointed
to
rendezvous
,
the
five
and
twentieth
Day
of
May
,
at
Tiberias
;
where
a
general
Review
being
made
of
the
Army
,
they
advanced
to
Paneas
,
near
the
Head
of
Jordan
;
the
Patriarch
carrying
the
true
Cross
,
or
,
at
least
,
that
which
was
believed
to
be
so
,
before
them
.
The
Measures
which
were
taken
for
the
Siege
,
were
according
to
the
Opinion
of
the
Lords
of
that
Country
,
who
were
best
acquainted
with
the
Strength
and
Weakness
of
the
place
.
After
which
,
crossing
the
celebrated
Mount
Lebanon
,
they
descended
into
the
fair
Champain
of
Damascus
,
and
encamped
at
Daria
,
a
little
Village
,
about
two
Leagues
from
Damascus
;
from
the
most
elevated
place
whereof
,
the
Towers
of
that
stately
City
were
easily
to
be
discerned
.
Damascus
,
one
of
the
most
ancient
,
and
sometimes
one
of
the
fairest
and
greatest
Cities
of
Asia
,
is
situate
in
a
large
Plain
,
at
the
Foot
of
Mount
Lebanon
;
which
is
watered
with
two
Rivers
,
and
a
great
number
of
little
Springs
and
Fountains
;
which
,
notwithstanding
its
natural
Inclination
to
Sterility
,
it
being
a
hungry
,
sandy
Soil
,
render
it
very
fruitful
and
delightful
.
These
two
Rivers
take
their
Rise
upon
the
East
,
at
no
very
great
distance
,
from
the
Foot
of
the
Mountain
Amana
,
which
is
a
part
of
Mount
Lebanon
:
the
lesser
is
called
Abana
,
and
slows
all
along
by
the
Walls
of
the
City
,
upon
the
West
;
the
greater
,
which
is
Pharpar
,
and
which
some
have
confounded
with
the
Orontes
;
and
,
for
the
beauty
of
its
Streams
,
is
called
Chryorrhoas
,
or
Golden
Stream
;
after
having
passed
through
the
City
,
and
wandred
through
the
Fields
and
the
Valleys
of
the
neighbouring
Country
,
loseth
it self
under
the
Earth
;
either
because
,
being
divided
into
a
multitude
of
Canals
,
which
are
drawn
,
to
render
the
Earth
more
fruitful
,
that
it
is
so
diminished
,
that
at
last
it
ends
in
them
;
or
that
by
some
unknown
,
Subterranean
Passages
,
it
dischargeth
it self
into
the
Phenician
Sea
.
It
was
the
great
Conveniency
of
making
these
Canals
,
year
1148
which
made
all
that
part
of
the
City
towards
the
North
,
and
a
great
part
of
the
West
,
be
inclosed
with
a
prodigious
number
of
Gardens
and
Orchards
,
where
were
planted
an
infinite
of
Trees
,
producing
all
manner
of
Fruits
,
the
most
delicious
of
all
the
East
.
These
Gardens
were
divided
,
one
from
the
other
,
by
little
narrow
Passages
,
which
cutting
one
another
,
and
turning
and
winding
several
ways
,
without
any
regular
Art
or
Figure
,
formed
a
kind
of
undesigned
Labyrinth
,
where
it
was
easie
for
those
who
were
unacquainted
with
them
,
to
lose
themselves
in
those
delightful
places
.
Every
Garden
had
its
House
,
and
its
little
Tower
,
according
to
the
Mode
of
the
Orientals
,
for
the
Convenience
,
and
the
Lodging
of
its
Master
:
So
that
the
City
being
very
populous
,
the
number
of
Gardens
which
covered
those
sides
,
was
very
great
,
and
extended
themselves
almost
two
Leagues
;
so
that
,
viewing
it
upon
that
side
,
it
represented
to
the
Sight
a
large
Forest
,
which
seemed
to
extend
it self
to
the
very
Walls
.
But
on
the
contrary
,
the
other
side
,
which
lay
to
the
East
and
South
,
had
not
so
much
as
a
Tree
,
a
Hedge
,
or
a
Bush
;
but
shewed
a
bald
Champaign
,
from
whence
it
was
easie
to
discern
the
whole
City
;
which
was
defended
with
high
Walls
,
which
were
fortified
with
great
Towers
,
whereof
four
,
which
listed
up
their
proud
Heads
above
the
rest
,
were
of
an
extraordinary
heighth
and
strength
:
and
above
all
,
it
was
defended
by
a
Fortress
,
which
was
esteemed
the
fairest
,
and
most
regular
of
all
Asia
.
This
City
had
been
taken
from
the
Sarasins
,
by
the
Turks
,
whose
Sultan
,
Dodequin
,
made
a
most
cruel
War
against
the
Christians
,
between
the
time
of
the
first
and
the
second
Crusade
.
After
his
death
,
his
Successors
,
seeing
themselves
attacked
by
Sanguin
,
the
redoubted
Sultan
of
Alepo
and
Ninevch
,
who
endeavoured
the
Conquest
of
all
Syria
,
joyned
themselves
with
the
Christian
Princes
,
to
make
War
against
this
common
Enemy
.
They
assisted
them
,
according
to
the
Treaty
in
the
Taking
of
Paneas
,
which
they
had
taken
from
the
Christians
before
,
and
Sanguin
from
them
again
.
But
there
being
little
Faith
to
be
expected
from
Infidels
,
they
soon
brake
the
Peace
,
and
declared
themselves
,
as
before
,
the
mortal
Enemies
of
the
Christians
.
For
this
reason
it
was
,
that
the
Resolution
was
sixed
to
attack
them
,
and
above
all
things
,
to
carry
this
City
,
which
was
in
a
Condition
to
give
the
Check-mate
to
the
four
Christian
Principalities
of
the
East
.
Hereupon
it
was
also
resolved
in
the
Council
,
to
attack
the
Town
on
the
Garden-sides
,
that
so
the
Army
might
have
the
Convenience
of
the
River
,
the
Fruits
and
Forrage
,
which
were
there
to
be
had
in
abundance
.
The
next
Morning
therefore
,
the
Army
,
being
divided
into
three
Bodies
,
marched
in
good
Order
towards
Damascus
;
drawing
from
the
West
,
towards
the
North
,
to
the
Garden-Quarter
of
the
City
.
The
young
King
of
Jerusalem
,
Baldwin
the
Third
,
commanded
in
Person
the
first
Body
,
composed
of
his
own
Troops
,
and
those
of
the
Princes
of
Syria
,
who
had
the
same
Interest
with
him
in
the
Siege
.
The
French
made
the
second
,
having
at
their
Head
King
Lewis
to
support
the
first
,
which
they
followed
at
a
little
distance
,
to
be
always
ready
to
afford
them
Succour
.
The
Emperor
,
with
his
Germans
,
had
the
Rere
,
to
oppose
the
Enemy's
Cavalry
,
if
they
should
attempt
to
fall
upon
them
as
they
made
their
Approaches
.
Baldwin
,
who
thirsted
mightily
after
Glory
,
and
was
transported
with
Joy
,
to
meet
with
so
fair
an
Opportunity
to
display
his
Courage
,
in
the
View
of
the
French
and
Germans
,
did
instantly
press
to
make
the
first
Attack
;
which
was
easily
granted
him
,
in
regard
he
alledged
,
that
his
People
were
better
acquainted
than
the
rest
,
with
the
nature
of
the
place
,
and
the
Turnings
of
the
Gardens
.
He
was
a
Prince
,
who
was
now
advanced
to
the
Flower
of
his
Youth
,
being
between
eight
and
nine
and
twenty
Years
of
Age
:
he
was
of
Stature
something
less
than
the
Middle
,
but
of
a
Proportion
so
just
and
regular
in
all
the
parts
of
his
Body
,
that
his
want
of
Heighth
did
not
lessen
that
Port
and
Majesty
of
a
King
which
he
wore
,
and
which
made
him
be
known
for
one
,
by
such
as
had
the
honour
to
see
him
;
the
Shape
of
his
Face
,
and
the
Turn
of
all
his
Lincaments
were
very
handsom
;
his
Eyes
indifferent
large
and
full
,
extream
sweet
and
sparkling
,
with
a
Fire
that
wanted
nothing
in
it
of
Attractive
;
his
Hair
was
inclining
to
Fair
,
of
a
lively
Colour
,
well
assuring
the
Beholders
of
the
strength
of
his
Robust
Constitution
;
his
Cheeks
plump
,
year
1148
and
tinctured
with
Vermilion
;
and
in
short
,
having
in
his
Composure
,
all
that
was
delicate
and
lovely
in
Queen
Melesintha
,
his
Mother
,
and
the
Vivacity
of
Baldwin
the
Second
,
his
Grandfather
,
whom
he
much
resembled
:
And
,
to
make
the
Harmony
compleat
,
he
had
a
Soul
proportionable
to
his
Body
;
for
his
Mind
was
quick
,
easie
,
ready
and
penetrating
,
which
had
been
cultivated
by
the
Study
of
all
manner
of
gentile
and
ingenuous
Learning
,
and
which
was
of
wonderful
Advantage
to
him
;
he
had
a
most
happy
Memory
,
and
a
marvellous
Facility
in
expressing
himself
eloquently
upon
the
suddain
,
concerning
any
kind
of
Subject
of
Discourse
;
he
was
naturally
of
one
of
the
best
Tempers
in
the
World
,
of
a
heart
truly
Royal
;
being
liberal
,
magnisicent
,
affable
,
obliging
,
complaisant
,
of
a
good
Humour
,
and
one
who
understood
innocent
and
divertive
Rallery
,
and
how
to
use
it
without
losing
his
Friend
,
rather
than
his
Wit
;
for
he
was
rather
naturally
sober
,
vigilant
and
provident
,
brave
and
undaunted
in
War
,
exposing
himself
freely
to
Dangers
,
and
suffering
equally
with
the
meanest
Soldier
:
And
,
to
conclude
,
all
his
greatest
Accomplishment
was
,
that
he
was
,
above
all
,
a
most
devout
and
religious
Prince
;
having
,
among
all
these
Perfections
that
could
be
wished
in
a
great
King
,
as
few
Failings
as
most
common
Men
,
being
a
little
inclined
by
his
Heat
,
to
love
Play
,
and
the
Conversation
of
the
Ladies
;
but
if
he
erred
in
any
thing
in
this
last
Particular
,
he
corrected
it
afterward
,
by
a
lawful
Marriage
.
Baldwin
being
such
as
I
have
endeavoured
to
describe
him
,
full
of
Courage
,
and
Martial
Fire
;
ambitious
of
Glory
,
in
valiantly
fighting
in
view
of
an
Emperor
,
and
a
King
of
France
,
who
were
followed
by
the
bravest
Men
of
the
West
,
marched
briskly
to
attack
these
Gardens
,
which
,
like
a
Labyrinth
,
seemed
to
render
the
Town
inaccessible
on
that
Quarter
:
but
he
found
that
the
Enterprise
was
not
so
easie
as
he
had
painted
it
in
his
conquering
Imagination
;
and
that
the
Honour
which
he
pretended
to
gain
,
was
like
to
prove
a
very
dear
Purchace
.
For
the
Turks
,
who
well
knew
that
their
Safety
depended
upon
the
Preservation
of
this
Post
,
had
placed
the
greatest
part
of
their
Garrison
there
to
defend
it
:
Some
of
them
were
retrenched
and
barricadoed
in
the
Narrow
Ways
,
where
not
above
two
could
pass
a-breast
;
where
they
repulsed
those
who
assisted
them
,
with
Push
of
Pike
:
Others
,
having
broken
small
Holes
in
the
Walls
which
parted
the
Gardens
,
pierced
with
their
Javelins
,
from
both
sides
,
such
Soldiers
as
were
in
the
Passages
,
who
could
not
come
to
be
revenged
of
those
Enemies
,
who
wounded
them
without
appearing
:
A
great
number
of
others
were
mounted
upon
the
Turrets
,
and
the
Tops
of
the
Houses
;
from
whence
they
poured
an
insinite
number
of
mortal
Arrows
from
above
,
upon
the
Christians
who
were
below
,
whilst
others
threw
down
huge
Stones
upon
those
who
were
wedged
in
those
narrow
Passages
,
and
could
no
ways
secure
themselves
from
that
fearful
Hail
.
So
that
the
Soldiers
being
neither
able
to
advance
,
nor
retreat
,
by
reason
of
the
multitude
of
those
who
pressed
forward
in
following
them
,
and
that
they
were
stopped
by
the
Retrenchments
,
perished
miserably
,
without
being
able
to
come
at
the
Enemy
,
who
attacked
them
under
their
Covertures
,
without
partaking
at
all
in
the
danger
of
the
Combat
.
The
young
King
,
fretting
with
Anger
and
Madness
,
to
see
his
first
Attempt
succeed
so
ill
,
resolved
to
repair
the
Loss
,
or
to
perish
;
and
therefore
commanded
to
change
the
Order
of
the
Attack
,
and
to
turn
the
Fight
from
Filing
two
and
two
a
breast
in
those
narrow
Ways
,
to
the
attempting
to
make
Breaches
into
these
Inclosures
,
through
the
Walls
.
Now
these
Walls
being
but
low
,
and
made
of
Earth
,
the
ardent
desire
of
the
Soldiers
to
be
revenged
,
re-doubled
their
Strength
:
so
that
they
fell
to
pulling
down
the
Walls
with
their
Ponyards
,
and
other
Instruments
which
were
brought
for
that
Service
;
and
in
a
little
time
they
had
made
a
great
many
Breaches
,
by
which
they
furiously
entred
into
these
Gardens
.
The
Turks
who
had
,
for
their
own
Security
,
and
to
keep
out
the
Christians
,
shut
themselves
close
up
in
these
Gardens
,
being
closely
pursued
,
had
so
cut
off
their
own
Retreat
,
that
in
a
little
time
there
was
made
a
mighty
Slaughter
among
them
:
Whereupon
,
the
others
,
who
were
yet
in
the
other
Gardens
that
were
not
taken
,
having
taken
the
Fright
,
as
well
as
those
who
guarded
the
Barricades
,
abandoned
them
,
and
saved
themselves
within
the
Town
.
The
Ways
being
thus
cleared
,
year
1148
all
the
Van-Guard
passed
without
any
Opposition
,
and
advanced
almost
to
the
City
,
where
they
were
necessitated
to
a
new
Combat
,
far
more
furious
than
the
first
:
For
all
the
Cavalry
of
the
Enemies
,
supported
by
the
best
part
of
their
Infantry
,
suspecting
that
the
Christians
,
after
they
had
carried
the
Gardens
,
would
run
in
disorder
to
the
River
,
had
placed
themselves
in
Battalia
upon
the
Banks
of
it
,
to
prohibit
their
Approaches
.
The
young
King
,
who
was
resolved
to
have
all
the
Honour
of
this
Day
,
making
use
of
the
Heat
of
his
Soldiers
,
who
,
all
covered
with
Sweat
and
Dust
,
and
burnt
with
Heat
and
Thirst
,
longed
for
the
Water
of
the
River
;
having
instantly
rallied
them
,
he
charged
fiercely
into
the
thickest
Squadrons
of
the
Enemies
:
But
they
being
all
fresh
,
whereas
his
People
were
faint
,
and
quite
tired
out
,
do
what
he
could
,
after
he
had
made
two
furious
Charges
,
he
was
repulsed
,
and
his
Troops
put
into
some
Disorder
.
There
was
a
necessity
that
he
must
stop
a
little
,
to
rally
his
Men
,
and
to
attend
the
coming
up
of
the
Main
Body
,
which
followed
slowly
;
and
was
also
obliged
to
make
a
little
Halt
,
after
it
had
joyned
him
,
for
Convenience
of
drawing
up
into
Order
.
It
was
upon
this
Occasion
,
that
the
Emperor
Conrade
performed
an
Action
,
which
,
though
certainly
something
too
rash
,
and
a
little
irregular
,
yet
ought
to
have
given
him
sufficient
Consolation
for
all
his
former
ill
Fortune
in
this
second
Crusade
:
For
having
demanded
why
these
two
Bodies
which
marched
before
his
,
halted
so
long
,
since
he
understood
that
the
Van-Guard
was
engaged
with
the
Enemy
,
who
had
gained
some
Advantage
upon
them
,
he
suffered
himself
to
be
so
transported
with
the
desire
of
the
Combat
,
that
running
at
full
Speed
,
followed
by
all
his
Germans
,
quite
through
the
Body
of
the
Battel
,
without
any
Order
,
he
flew
,
with
his
Sword
in
his
hand
,
into
the
midst
of
the
Enemies
;
who
,
unable
to
resist
the
Shock
of
such
a
furious
and
unexpected
Charge
,
instantly
gave
Ground
.
It
is
said
also
,
that
he
gave
such
another
dreadful
Blow
as
that
of
the
great
Godfrey
of
Bullen
,
which
finished
the
Victory
,
already
inclining
upon
his
first
Charge
;
for
a
puissant
Turk
,
armed
with
a
Curiass
,
having
attacked
him
,
he
discharged
with
all
his
force
such
a
furious
Blow
upon
the
place
where
the
Shoulder
joyns
to
the
Neck
,
that
the
Sword
passing
through
the
Neck
,
to
the
right
Shoulder
,
took
that
and
part
of
the
Breast
clear
off
;
the
Head
,
and
that
Arm
and
Shoulder
falling
to
the
Ground
,
whilst
the
other
remained
a
Spectacle
of
Horrour
,
for
some
time
,
upon
the
Horse
.
The
Turks
,
amazed
at
this
frightful
Blow
,
immediately
fled
,
and
saved
themselves
in
the
Town
,
leaving
all
the
Fields
and
the
Rivers
free
to
the
Christians
,
who
immediately
encamped
upon
the
Banks
,
and
in
the
Gardens
,
with
mighty
convenience
,
both
for
the
Men
and
Horses
.
This
Victory
brought
such
a
Despair
among
the
Turks
,
and
the
Inhabitants
of
Damascus
,
that
knowing
well
that
they
were
in
danger
of
losing
the
place
upon
the
first
Assault
which
should
be
given
,
there
being
on
that
side
no
other
Defence
beside
the
Gardens
,
which
were
now
lost
,
they
began
to
think
of
nothing
but
how
to
save
themselves
by
retreating
.
For
this
purpose
they
barricadoed
all
the
Streets
which
opened
that
way
,
to
the
end
,
that
while
their
Enemies
were
busie
in
breaking
the
Barricadoes
,
and
removing
the
great
Beams
which
they
had
laid
cross
the
Streets
,
they
might
have
the
more
time
to
save
themselves
and
their
Families
by
the
opposite
Gates
,
and
so
retreat
with
more
Security
to
such
neighbouring
Towns
as
were
in
the
Hands
of
their
Friends
.
Thus
had
Damascus
most
assuredly
fallen
into
the
Power
of
the
Christians
,
if
Covetousness
,
Hatred
and
Envy
;
three
furious
Passions
,
which
at
this
time
wrought
more
deplorable
Effects
than
the
Arms
of
the
Infidels
,
had
not
suddainly
precipitated
their
Affairs
,
by
a
most
infamous
Treason
,
from
a
certain
Hope
,
and
a
flourishing
Condition
,
into
the
very
Gulph
of
Misfortune
and
Confusion
,
from
whence
they
were
never
able
to
recover
again
.
Those
of
Damascus
seeing
themselves
thus
just
upon
the
Eve
of
their
Ruin
,
after
they
had
barricadoed
the
Streets
,
they
advised
themselves
again
of
another
Means
to
save
themselves
,
which
did
not
fail
of
the
wished
Effect
.
After
that
the
French
had
conquered
the
Holy
Land
,
many
Persons
of
both
Sexes
,
not
only
of
the
Common
People
,
but
also
of
the
Nobility
,
were
married
in
Palestine
and
Syria
,
with
the
Ladies
of
that
Country
;
and
many
of
the
great
Lords
who
were
in
Baldwin's
Army
,
were
such
as
were
born
of
those
Marriages
,
and
consequently
Syrians
by
Birth
,
year
1148
and
by
Original
,
either
by
Father
or
Mother
.
And
as
these
kind
of
Mungrels
usually
degenerate
from
the
fair
Qualities
of
the
more
noble
Nations
,
and
participate
of
the
Imperfections
of
the
other
,
so
many
of
these
half
French
,
half
Syrian
Lords
retained
the
Vices
of
the
Country
,
and
particularly
,
Greediness
of
Riches
,
and
Avarice
,
which
to
this
day
is
the
domineering
Vice
and
Passion
of
the
Orientals
.
The
Turks
,
and
principal
Men
of
the
City
,
who
being
of
the
same
Country
,
very
well
knew
their
Feeble
,
secretly
sent
some
of
the
most
dexterous
and
cunning
of
their
Citizens
,
to
these
Motley
Lords
and
Barons
,
whom
they
knew
to
be
of
the
most
covetous
Dispositions
,
and
consequently
most
capable
of
being
brought
into
Treason
:
To
these
they
gave
all
imaginable
Assurances
that
they
could
desire
,
that
they
should
have
certain
Payment
made
of
most
considerable
Sums
of
Money
,
provided
they
could
induce
the
Besiegers
only
to
change
their
Attack
,
and
remove
the
Siege
to
the
other
side
of
the
City
.
Now
he
to
whom
they
principally
trusted
the
Management
of
this
Affair
,
found
amongst
those
to
whom
he
addressed
himself
,
Inclinations
favourable
as
he
could
desire
,
to
entertain
his
Propositions
.
Prince
Raymond
,
who
mortally
hated
King
Lewis
the
Seventh
,
after
the
Affair
of
Antioch
,
had
,
as
it
is
said
,
beforehand
corrupted
some
of
his
People
,
and
obliged
them
underhand
,
to
do
all
that
possibly
they
could
against
him
,
that
so
he
might
not
acquire
any
Glory
from
this
War
.
There
were
others
who
could
not
,
with
Patience
,
think
of
permitting
the
Earl
of
Flanders
,
as
they
understood
it
was
concluded
between
the
Emperor
and
the
two
Kings
,
to
enjoy
the
Principality
of
Damascus
;
and
they
had
rather
that
it
should
continue
in
the
Possession
of
the
Turks
,
than
fall
to
the
share
of
a
Man
,
whom
they
looked
upon
as
a
Stranger
,
in
regard
he
was
not
born
in
Syria
.
Thus
the
Envy
of
some
,
and
the
Hatred
which
Raymond
had
inspired
into
others
,
being
joyned
with
the
Avarice
which
reigned
equally
in
both
the
one
and
the
other
,
produced
the
most
infamous
and
most
cowardly
Treason
,
that
it
was
possible
for
Lords
of
great
Quality
,
not
to
say
Christians
,
to
be
capable
of
:
For
,
counterfeiting
a
marvellous
Zeal
for
the
publick
Good
,
they
remonstrated
to
the
Council
,
That
hitherto
they
had
taken
very
false
Measures
;
That
they
had
too
long
permitted
themselves
to
be
deceived
with
vain
Appearances
of
a
commodious
Encampment
upon
the
Banks
of
the
River
,
among
the
Gardens
and
Orchards
;
not
considering
that
this
was
the
main
Obstacle
,
which
had
hitherto
hindred
the
Taking
of
the
City
;
for
that
the
River
,
one
part
whereof
served
for
the
Ditch
upon
that
Quarter
,
rendred
the
Access
more
difficult
,
and
the
Attack
most
dangerous
;
That
the
Gardens
hindred
the
disposing
of
the
Machins
to
such
convenient
Distances
as
were
requisite
for
the
Battery
;
and
that
the
Siege
being
spun
out
to
a
greater
length
than
had
been
promised
to
the
Soldiers
,
there
was
great
danger
that
being
disgusted
,
and
the
great
Heats
beginning
now
to
become
insupportable
,
they
would
quit
the
Siege
.
That
for
this
Reason
they
were
in
the
Opinion
,
that
they
ought
to
remove
the
Camp
to
the
other
side
of
the
City
,
between
the
South
and
East
,
in
regard
that
there
being
no
Gardens
,
nor
Rivers
,
nor
Ditches
full
of
Water
,
which
could
hinder
them
from
descending
to
the
very
Foot
of
the
Walls
,
which
were
low
,
weak
,
and
without
Terrasses
on
that
side
;
and
where
the
Besieged
,
having
not
expected
to
be
attacked
,
had
made
no
Retrenohments
,
there
was
all
the
Appearance
imaginable
that
they
should
carry
the
Town
at
the
first
Assault
,
without
so
much
as
making
use
of
any
Engines
against
it
.
There
is
a
great
deal
of
Room
for
Wonder
and
Astonishment
,
to
consider
the
Conduct
of
these
three
great
Frinces
upon
this
Occasion
;
who
at
other
times
wanted
neither
Spirit
,
nor
Judgment
,
nor
Experience
in
Martial
Affairs
,
in
which
it
commonly
happens
,
That
no
Man
fails
twice
;
the
first
Fault
that
is
committed
being
for
the
most
part
irreparable
.
But
whether
it
was
the
Eagerness
of
their
Desire
to
become
Masters
of
the
Town
in
a
little
time
,
which
blinded
them
;
or
that
they
believed
that
it
was
impossible
to
act
more
prudently
,
or
more
safely
than
by
the
Counsels
of
those
who
who
had
the
greatest
Interest
in
the
Taking
of
the
Place
;
and
who
being
Natives
of
the
Country
,
must
needs
be
much
better
acquainted
than
any
others
,
with
the
Strength
or
Weakness
of
the
City
,
they
fell
immediately
into
the
Trap
that
was
so
artfully
prepared
for
them
:
For
,
without
enquiring
into
what
might
be
the
Consequences
of
so
precipitate
a
Resolution
,
and
without
so
much
,
year
1148
which
Common
Sense
would
have
advised
them
,
as
sending
according
the
Rules
of
War
,
any
of
their
own
People
to
enquire
into
the
Nature
and
Strength
of
the
Place
,
the
Convenience
or
inconveniencees
of
making
their
Attack
there
,
or
so
much
as
whether
there
was
any
Truth
in
what
had
been
represented
to
them
,
they
gave
out
present
Orders
to
remove
the
Camp
to
the
other
side
of
the
Town
,
to
the
very
place
,
whither
these
Traytors
,
to
whose
Conduct
they
abandoned
themselves
,
had
before
resolved
to
lead
the
Army
,
to
the
Intent
to
starve
them
if
they
lay
any
time
there
,
or
constrain
them
to
raise
the
Siege
.
And
in
Truth
,
they
quickly
perceived
that
they
were
intollerably
abused
and
deceived
;
and
that
the
Walls
were
extraordinary
strong
and
well
slanked
with
very
good
Towers
,
that
there
was
no
possibility
of
assaulting
the
Town
on
that
side
;
that
the
Army
which
had
made
Provision
but
for
a
few
days
,
pretending
to
carry
the
Place
so
quickly
by
Force
,
was
in
no
Condition
to
subsist
in
an
Encampment
,
where
they
wanted
the
Convenience
of
the
River
,
the
Gardens
and
Orchards
stored
with
Fruits
and
Forrage
;
that
Provisions
could
not
be
brought
to
them
in
Regard
all
the
Places
round
about
were
possessed
by
the
Enimies
;
that
to
return
to
the
Camp
which
they
had
quitted
so
lightly
,
was
now
a
thing
impossibly
,
for
that
the
Enemies
as
soon
as
ever
they
had
left
it
,
had
seized
upon
it
,
and
had
so
well
fortified
all
the
Avenues
,
by
new
Barricadoes
and
huge
Trees
which
they
had
piled
one
upon
another
,
and
by
great
Ditches
and
good
Retrenchments
,
which
they
had
made
,
at
just
distances
one
from
another
,
that
now
it
was
as
easie
to
take
the
Town
as
to
regain
that
advantageous
Post
.
For
this
Reason
the
French
and
Germans
seeing
themselves
so
ignominiously
betrayed
by
those
very
People
,
for
whose
assistance
they
had
undertaken
so
tedious
a
Voyage
,
and
ran
through
so
many
horrible
Dangers
,
instantly
raised
the
Siege
and
returned
to
Jerusalem
,
openly
reproaching
the
Syrians
with
their
detestable
Treachery
.
After
this
their
Spirits
being
too
much
exasperated
to
hope
that
there
should
ever
be
a
firm
Union
or
accord
among
People
,
who
entertain
nothing
but
Jealousies
and
Distrusts
against
each
other
,
the
Siege
of
Ascalon
which
was
proposed
in
a
General
Assembly
,
was
in
little
Probability
of
succeeding
;
for
though
it
was
strongly
urged
,
that
something
of
Importance
ought
to
be
undertaken
,
and
that
so
brave
an
Army
ought
not
to
go
away
with
the
Infamy
of
having
to
no
purpose
consumed
the
Season
of
the
Year
for
Action
,
or
return
without
performing
any
thing
memorable
;
yet
the
Great
Lords
,
both
French
and
German
stiffly
and
resolutely
opposed
it
,
protesting
openly
,
that
they
would
never
trust
such
a
sort
of
People
,
who
had
neither
Conscience
nor
Honour
;
but
contrary
to
the
Faith
which
they
owed
to
God
and
Man
,
would
for
a
little
Money
basely
sell
their
Christian
Brethren
,
whom
with
earnest
Sollicitations
they
had
to
their
great
Cost
and
Danger
brought
so
far
to
their
Assistance
,
and
betray
them
into
the
Hands
of
the
Infidels
against
whom
they
pretended
to
sight
.
The
Emperor
Conrade
therefore
taking
his
Leave
of
the
Young
King
Baldwin
,
who
was
altogether
Innocent
and
who
abominated
the
Treason
of
the
Confederates
,
re-imbarked
upon
the
Ships
of
his
Brother-in-Law
Manuel
,
and
sailed
into
Achaia
,
and
from
thence
by
the
Adriatick
,
he
landed
upon
the
Territories
of
the
Venetians
,
and
so
returned
into
Germany
,
where
about
three
Years
after
he
died
,
leaving
the
Empire
to
Frederick
Duke
of
Suabia
his
Nephew
,
who
had
generously
taken
a
part
with
him
in
the
ill
Fortune
and
the
Fatigues
of
this
second
Crusade
.
year
1149
As
for
the
Kings
having
staid
at
Jerusalem
till
after
Easter
,
as
well
to
satisfie
his
Devotion
,
as
to
wait
for
some
Opportunity
of
rendring
any
considerable
Service
to
God
,
when
he
perceived
that
his
Longer
Stay
was
like
to
be
altogether
unprofitable
,
in
Regard
that
the
Count
de
Dreux
his
Brother
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
Princes
and
Lords
were
already
gone
he
resolved
also
immediately
to
return
into
his
own
Kingdom
.
He
was
also
obliged
by
the
pressing
Sollicitations
of
his
Faithful
Abbot
Sugerius
,
who
writ
to
him
to
return
,
in
the
most
pressing
and
yet
most
Tender
and
moving
manner
in
the
World
,
representing
to
him
the
Danger
to
which
he
exposed
his
Person
and
his
Realm
;
where
his
Brother
,
who
had
not
been
too
dutiful
during
the
Voyage
,
had
not
made
such
hast
to
return
before
him
;
but
to
execute
his
ill
Designs
in
his
Absense
.
taking
shiping
therefore
at
the
Port
of
Ptolemais
;
year
1149
he
arrived
upon
the
nine
and
twentieth
day
of
July
in
Calabria
,
where
he
was
magnificently
received
by
the
Officers
of
Roger
King
of
Sicily
,
who
were
ordered
to
entertain
him
;
for
there
is
little
Credit
to
be
given
to
the
Continuer
of
Sigeberts
History
,
who
reports
that
the
King
was
taken
at
Sea
by
the
Fleet
of
the
Emperor
Manuel
which
besieged
Corfu
,
and
afterwards
delivered
by
the
Admiral
of
the
King
of
Sicily
.
For
how
is
it
possible
this
should
be
true
,
since
the
King
in
his
Letters
yet
Extant
,
who
writes
so
exactly
,
even
to
the
least
particulars
of
his
Return
to
the
Abbot
Sugerius
,
makes
not
any
kind
of
mention
of
this
Accident
?
he
stayed
three
Weeks
in
Calabria
,
attending
the
coming
of
the
Queen
,
and
divers
of
the
Nobility
,
who
did
not
happen
to
meet
with
such
pleasant
Weather
at
Sea
as
he
had
in
his
Voyage
;
but
at
last
being
arrived
after
three
days
longer
Stay
,
and
a
great
Conference
with
King
Roger
,
who
came
to
pay
his
Respects
to
him
,
he
parted
for
Rome
,
where
having
likewise
for
three
days
treated
with
the
Pope
Eugenius
,
he
at
length
arrived
in
his
own
Kingdom
,
bringing
nothing
with
him
after
so
long
a
Voyage
,
as
to
what
concerns
this
present
Life
,
besides
the
Regret
to
have
lost
one
of
the
fairest
Armies
that
ever
was
raised
in
France
,
without
doing
any
thing
worthy
of
Consideration
.
There
was
nothing
to
be
heard
in
all
Places
now
,
but
the
Pitious
Complaints
of
such
as
lamented
their
deplorable
Loss
,
nor
was
there
a
Family
in
all
France
and
Germany
almost
,
but
had
an
Interest
and
Share
in
the
Suffering
;
above
all
they
were
cruelly
Exasperated
against
poor
St.
Bernard
,
whom
they
publickly
reproached
,
calling
him
false
Prophet
,
and
charging
him
with
abusing
so
many
Princes
,
and
so
much
People
,
whom
,
he
had
never
been
so
Zealous
,
they
said
,
to
draw
out
of
Europe
but
with
a
Design
to
make
them
perish
most
miserably
in
the
Deserts
of
the
lesser
Asia
,
by
Famine
,
Pestilence
,
and
the
Swords
of
the
Infidels
.
And
in
Truth
as
this
admirable
Abbot
,
who
was
only
the
Preacher
not
the
Author
of
this
Crusade
,
had
according
to
the
Order
which
he
received
from
the
Pope
not
only
published
it
,
but
also
,
as
he
himself
avows
,
by
particular
Command
and
Direction
,
had
undertaken
,
more
then
could
be
performed
by
man
,
to
promise
to
those
who
took
up
the
Cross
,
that
they
should
meet
with
prosperous
Success
;
this
was
to
him
a
sufficient
Subject
of
Mortification
,
in
Regard
it
seemed
to
have
some
reasonable
Foundation
to
establish
this
ill
Opinion
of
him
in
the
Belief
of
the
World
,
and
the
Judgement
of
most
men
.
But
being
a
man
,
he
was
so
touched
to
the
quick
with
these
cutting
Reproaches
that
he
was
not
able
to
dissemble
the
Affliction
which
they
gave
him
;
and
though
he
was
a
Saint
,
and
an
able
man
,
yet
not
able
to
bear
this
Cross
himself
,
he
made
use
of
all
the
Strength
of
his
Reason
and
his
parts
to
Apologize
for
himself
,
addressing
that
Discourse
sometime
after
to
Pope
Eugenius
,
which
may
be
seen
at
the
Beginning
of
his
Second
Book
of
the
Considerations
.
There
it
is
that
appearing
perfectly
loosned
from
himself
,
and
solely
fastened
unto
God
by
an
Ardent
Love
and
mighty
Zeal
for
his
Glory
,
he
saith
,
That
it
must
of
Necessity
happen
,
that
men
who
generally
make
their
Judgement
of
things
in
Proportion
to
their
Events
,
must
upon
this
sad
Occasion
fall
into
Discontents
and
Murmurings
,
but
that
it
was
a
Satisfaction
to
him
,
to
have
them
repine
rather
against
him
then
against
God
;
That
he
looked
upon
it
as
a
very
great
Happiness
,
that
God
was
pleased
to
condescend
so
far
as
to
make
use
of
him
as
a
Buckler
,
by
exposing
him
to
the
furious
Arrows
of
wicked
men
,
and
that
he
willingly
received
the
Wounds
of
those
envenomed
Darts
,
of
Curses
,
which
in
Reallity
were
shot
against
the
Divine
Providence
;
and
that
he
was
not
at
all
displeased
to
have
his
own
Reputation
covered
with
Dishonour
,
so
long
as
it
might
in
any
measure
redound
to
the
security
of
God's
Glory
;
that
he
wished
with
all
his
Soul
that
he
might
glorifie
God
with
David
,
in
saying
as
he
did
.
For
thy
Sake
have
I
suffered
Reproach
,
Shame
hath
covered
my
Face
.
And
in
short
that
it
was
his
Glory
to
be
made
like
the
Son
of
God
,
who
saith
to
his
Father
by
the
same
Prophet
.
The
Reproach
of
them
that
reproached
thee
is
fallen
upon
me
.
See
here
the
Temper
of
the
Heart
of
this
great
Saint
under
the
Persecution
of
Mens
Tongues
and
for
his
Parts
and
Wit
they
appeared
most
admirable
in
his
Defence
,
of
which
I
will
recite
one
Instance
,
the
Application
whereof
is
easie
;
and
which
he
did
in
some
measure
make
use
of
for
his
own
Justification
.
Moses
,
saith
he
,
to
perswade
the
sullen
People
of
Israel
to
depart
out
of
Egypt
,
where
they
were
mightily
in
Love
with
the
Onions
and
the
Flesh-pots
though
attended
with
insupportable
Slavery
,
year
1149
promised
to
conduct
them
into
a
Land
slowing
with
Milk
and
Honey
the
Glory
of
all
Lands
,
where
they
should
be
extreamly
happy
:
Nevertheless
that
People
miserably
perished
in
the
Wilderness
,
and
never
saw
that
pleasant
Land
,
which
was
reserved
for
their
Posterity
,
This
was
a
mighty
Promise
,
and
yet
ought
not
Moses
to
be
accused
either
of
Temerity
or
Malice
,
in
Regard
he
acted
by
the
Command
of
God
,
who
was
pleased
by
Miracles
,
to
confirm
what
he
had
promised
by
Moses
;
how
came
it
to
pass
then
that
the
Event
was
so
different
from
the
Promise
to
those
People
,
who
came
out
of
Egypt
to
die
in
the
Wilderness
?
All
the
World
knows
that
the
Reason
was
from
the
People
themselves
,
who
committed
a
thousand
Offences
against
God
,
during
their
murmuring
Passage
through
the
Desert
:
and
it
must
not
be
said
,
that
the
Punishments
which
befel
them
were
contrary
to
his
Promises
,
for
those
being
only
Conditional
and
the
perfect
Effects
of
his
Goodness
,
could
not
in
the
least
prejudice
the
Almighty
Prerogative
of
his
Justice
.
It
is
no
more
but
making
Application
of
this
Example
to
St.
Bernard
,
and
there
is
his
Justification
.
He
preached
the
Crusade
by
the
Command
of
God
,
since
he
did
it
by
the
Express
Command
of
his
Superiors
,
which
was
all
that
he
contributed
to
it
.
He
promised
them
happy
Success
,
and
he
promised
it
on
Gods
behalf
.
If
,
saith
he
,
it
be
demanded
what
Miracles
I
did
to
prove
my
Authority
and
Mission
,
it
is
a
Question
which
my
Modesty
will
not
permit
me
to
answer
,
and
my
Bashfulness
in
being
unwilling
to
be
my
own
Herald
,
ought
to
procure
my
Pardon
.
It
is
your
part
,
adds
he
,
speaking
to
the
Pope
,
It
is
your
part
,
Holy
Father
,
to
answer
for
me
,
according
to
what
you
saw
,
and
according
to
what
you
heard
.
And
the
natural
Conclusion
which
he
draws
from
the
whole
Discourse
is
,
that
the
unhappy
Success
of
this
Enterprise
was
wholly
to
be
imputed
to
the
Crimes
of
the
Crusades
,
and
that
it
was
no
way
repugnant
to
the
Promises
of
God
,
which
being
Conditional
could
no
more
deprive
him
of
the
right
of
his
Justice
then
the
promise
of
a
King
to
one
of
his
Subjects
to
bestow
upon
him
one
of
the
Chief
Offices
of
his
Crown
,
can
indemnifie
him
from
the
Rigor
of
the
Laws
,
if
he
shall
before
he
obtains
it
be
found
guilty
of
High
Treason
against
his
Soveraign
.
And
certainly
Otho
Frisingensis
,
who
in
this
unfortunate
Voyage
accompanied
the
Emperor
his
Brother
,
avows
upon
his
Reputation
,
that
there
were
mighty
Disorders
committed
by
the
Crusades
,
and
such
as
well
deserved
this
terrible
Punishment
.
And
others
affirm
that
the
Christian
Army
was
blackned
with
so
many
Vices
,
and
especially
most
brutal
Lust
,
that
it
is
no
wonder
if
they
drew
upon
themselves
the
heavy
Vengeance
of
Almighty
God
.
So
that
if
it
be
considered
that
the
Crimes
of
these
Christians
were
so
great
,
and
that
the
Punishment
inflicted
upon
them
was
just
,
it
must
be
great
Injustice
to
St.
Bernard
,
that
the
World
should
accuse
him
either
of
Malice
or
Treachery
in
preaching
up
the
Crusade
.
But
this
hath
ever
been
the
Destiny
of
Great
Men
,
to
suffer
as
well
as
do
great
things
,
that
so
their
Vertue
which
is
above
the
Praises
and
Recompences
of
men
,
may
expect
them
only
from
God
himself
.
year
1150
During
this
time
,
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
in
the
East
,
after
the
Departure
of
the
French
and
Germans
whom
they
had
so
basely
betrayed
,
were
reduced
into
a
most
pitious
Estate
.
For
Noradin
laying
hold
of
that
fair
Occasion
,
having
entred
into
the
Principality
of
Antioch
with
a
powerful
Army
,
overthrew
Prince
Raymond
,
and
slew
him
in
the
Field
;
after
which
he
took
the
strong
Fortress
of
Harene
and
in
Consequence
made
himself
Master
of
the
greatest
Part
of
that
Principality
He
also
took
Josselin
Earl
of
Edessa
,
in
an
Ambush
,
year
1152
and
sent
him
loaden
with
Irons
to
Alepo
,
where
shortly
after
he
miserably
died
,
siezing
upon
all
his
Dominions
,
chasing
out
by
force
,
the
Greeks
to
whom
King
Baldwin
and
the
Countess
had
resigned
it
.
He
also
conquered
Damascus
,
year
1154
whilest
King
Baldwin
with
all
the
Forces
of
his
Realm
besieged
Ascalon
,
which
after
seven
Months
Siege
was
surrendred
to
him
.
It
is
true
that
this
young
and
Valiant
King
,
always
opposed
himself
conrageously
against
the
Conquerer
,
and
more
than
once
most
gloriously
vanquished
him
:
But
at
length
the
Wise
Conduct
and
the
good
Fortune
of
this
Turkish
Prince
overcame
all
the
Attempts
that
were
made
to
stop
the
Course
of
his
Victorious
Arms.
He
pushed
on
his
great
Designs
afterwards
with
more
Ease
by
the
Taking
of
Paneas
,
after
the
deplorable
Death
of
this
unfortunate
King
,
who
was
poysoned
by
his
Physician
,
and
died
in
the
two
and
thirtieth
Year
of
his
Life
,
year
1163
and
the
one
and
twentieth
of
his
Reign
.
year
1163
He
was
a
Prince
who
by
his
admirable
Qualities
had
gained
so
great
an
Esteem
,
and
the
Hearts
,
not
only
of
his
Subjects
,
but
of
Noradin
himself
:
Insomuch
that
the
generous
Sultan
openly
protested
,
that
he
would
never
draw
any
Advantage
from
the
Grief
and
Consternation
into
which
his
unexpected
Death
had
put
the
Kingdom
;
saying
with
as
much
magnanimity
of
Soul
as
Modesty
,
That
he
thought
it
decent
to
have
a
Share
himself
in
the
Grief
and
Respect
which
was
due
to
that
Prince
,
who
ought
by
all
Men
to
be
Lamented
,
as
having
not
left
another
like
himself
in
the
whole
Earth
.
Baldwin
dying
without
Issue
,
his
Brother
Amauri
Succeeded
him
,
a
young
Prince
of
about
twenty
seven
Years
of
Age
,
who
with
a
great
many
admirable
Qualities
,
had
also
a
great
number
of
no
less
Vices
,
and
above
all
,
his
Avarice
was
the
most
Predominant
,
and
which
,
after
he
had
with
Success
enough
,
made
War
against
Egypt
in
the
Beginning
,
in
the
Conclusion
occasioned
the
Loss
of
Jerusalem
,
and
the
intire
Ruine
of
the
Christians
in
the
East
.
Egypt
had
for
a
long
time
been
under
the
Dominion
of
the
Sarasins
,
of
the
Sect
of
Ali
,
and
the
Soveraign
Monarch
was
called
the
Caliph
,
who
led
an
easy
and
voluptuous
Life
in
his
magnificent
Palace
of
Grand
Cairo
,
leaving
the
Administration
of
his
Affairs
to
one
,
who
under
his
Authority
Commanded
all
his
Subjects
,
and
was
called
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
.
He
who
had
been
Sultan
,
was
one
Sanar
,
and
he
being
thrown
out
by
his
Rival
Dorgan
,
went
to
implore
the
Assistance
of
Noradin
,
then
the
most
Powerful
among
the
Turks
;
who
besides
that
he
Possessed
all
Syria
and
Mesopotamia
,
had
also
extended
his
Conquests
even
into
Cilicia
as
far
as
Iconium
,
having
vanquished
that
Sultan
in
Battle
.
Now
this
Conquering
Prince
,
who
believed
that
Fortune
,
pleased
with
his
Ambition
,
presented
him
a
fair
Offer
,
to
Seise
also
upon
Egypt
,
failed
not
to
send
a
great
Army
under
his
General
Syracon
,
a
little
Man
,
but
a
great
Captain
,
whose
Merit
,
and
the
Justice
of
his
Master
,
notwithstanding
the
lowness
of
his
Birth
,
had
from
a
Slave
,
advanced
to
the
greatest
Charge
in
his
Kingdom
.
Dorgan
,
who
perceived
the
Tempest
coming
,
that
he
might
get
Shelter
,
had
Recourse
to
the
young
King
,
who
dazled
with
the
Promise
of
a
great
Tribute
,
Marched
into
Egypt
with
all
the
Troops
he
could
raise
,
but
something
with
the
latest
for
Dorgan
,
who
after
he
had
had
the
better
of
his
Enemies
,
was
unfortunately
slain
by
a
Traitor
,
leaving
his
Place
to
his
Rival
Sanar
,
who
instantly
went
to
take
Possession
of
it
at
Grand
Cairo
.
In
the
mean
time
the
dextrous
Syracon
,
who
was
resolved
to
make
his
Advantage
of
this
Alteration
,
Seised
upon
Pelusium
,
now
called
Belbeis
,
fully
Resolving
,
if
it
were
possible
,
to
make
himself
Master
of
all
Egypt
.
But
Sanar
inlarging
the
Promises
which
Dorgan
had
made
to
King
Amauri
,
was
so
Iucky
as
to
gain
him
to
his
Party
,
and
joyning
their
Forces
against
Syracon
,
who
had
not
had
time
sufficiently
to
Fortify
Pelusium
,
year
1164
they
constrained
him
to
Deliver
up
the
Town
upon
honorable
Terms
,
and
Liberty
to
Retire
to
Damascus
.
year
1165
Nevertheless
,
the
next
Year
he
returned
with
a
more
powerful
Army
,
and
the
King
also
re-entred
Egypt
,
and
for
a
Sum
of
Mony
undertook
the
War
against
Syracon
.
The
Success
was
much
to
his
Advantage
at
that
time
also
,
for
Syracon
was
Defeated
in
a
great
Battle
,
and
despairing
to
Defend
Alexandria
,
which
he
had
taken
,
year
1167
against
the
Arms
of
two
Kings
,
he
was
constrained
a
second
time
to
come
to
an
Accommodation
,
and
to
quit
the
Realm
of
Egypt
.
This
did
not
however
hinder
but
that
at
length
he
made
himself
Master
of
it
,
by
the
Avarice
and
Infidelity
of
that
same
King
,
whose
Arms
had
twice
,
with
so
much
Glory
chased
him
out
of
it
.
For
Amauri
,
blinded
with
the
ardent
Desire
which
he
had
to
possess
the
Treasures
of
Egypt
,
after
he
had
treated
upon
this
Design
with
the
Emperor
Manuel
,
whose
Niece
he
had
married
,
contrary
to
his
solemn
Faith
given
,
broke
the
Peace
which
he
had
made
with
the
Sultan
,
year
1168
and
upon
the
sudden
taking
Pelusium
by
Storm
,
and
giving
the
Plunder
of
it
to
his
Soldiers
,
he
went
and
presented
his
Victorious
Army
before
Grand
Cairo
,
which
doubtless
,
in
the
Consternation
and
Confusion
wherein
the
Surprise
had
put
the
Egyptians
,
must
have
fallen
into
his
Hands
,
if
the
same
Avarice
,
which
made
him
undertake
this
unjust
War
,
had
not
also
,
together
with
his
Honor
,
made
him
lose
all
the
Profit
of
it
.
For
fearing
if
he
took
the
Town
by
Force
,
the
Soldiers
would
have
all
the
Booty
as
they
had
at
Pelusium
,
he
thought
it
his
wisest
Course
to
treat
of
a
Composition
with
the
Sultan
;
and
he
knowing
the
Covetous
Disposition
of
the
King
,
year
1168
amused
him
so
long
with
the
pretence
of
gathering
up
for
him
two
millions
of
Gold
which
he
had
promised
him
,
that
the
Army
of
Noradin
,
which
he
expected
,
had
time
to
Arrive
to
his
Succour
,
conducted
by
the
same
Syracon
,
who
before
had
been
his
Enemy
.
Amauri
,
Surprized
at
this
unexpected
News
,
marched
imediately
to
give
him
Battle
,
before
he
should
joyn
with
the
Egyptians
.
But
he
found
that
this
Captain
,
as
Politick
as
himself
,
had
wheeled
off
,
and
taken
another
Way
than
he
expected
,
and
was
joyned
with
the
Egyptians
,
who
now
assembled
from
all
Quarters
against
him
.
And
therefore
finding
that
he
had
nothing
to
say
to
two
such
potent
Enemies
,
he
was
forced
to
return
without
the
Money
into
his
own
Kingdom
,
having
lost
his
Labour
,
his
Honour
,
and
the
yearly
Tribute
which
the
Egyptians
paid
him
.
But
it
was
quite
otherwise
with
Syracon
,
who
by
his
Retreat
,
finding
himself
in
a
Condition
to
Execute
his
first
Design
,
made
Sanar
be
Assassinated
as
he
came
to
do
him
the
Honour
of
a
Visit
;
after
which
,
forcing
the
Caliph
to
Establish
him
in
that
Place
,
he
easily
possessed
himself
of
all
Egypt
,
where
Noradin
,
whose
Creature
he
was
,
willingly
permitted
him
to
Reign
.
But
it
was
not
long
that
he
rejoyced
in
his
Crimes
,
for
he
died
the
very
same
Year
,
leaving
for
his
Successor
his
Nephew
,
the
mighty
Saladin
,
who
besides
his
Age
,
which
was
pretty
well
advanced
,
and
the
great
Experience
,
which
under
his
Uncle
,
he
had
gained
in
War
,
possessed
all
the
great
Qualities
,
and
all
the
Accomplishments
of
Body
and
Mind
,
which
could
be
wished
in
a
Captain
,
to
render
him
,
as
they
did
,
the
greatest
,
and
the
most
glorious
Conqueror
of
his
Age.
But
Ambition
,
which
especially
among
Infidels
,
does
think
nothing
Criminal
,
that
may
advance
their
Designs
,
and
judges
all
things
Lawful
which
seem
necessary
to
obtain
Dominion
,
being
his
predominant
Vice
.
This
Prince
,
who
was
not
able
to
indure
so
much
as
the
apparition
or
Shadow
of
Soveraignty
,
that
was
above
him
,
Massacred
the
Caliph
,
and
all
that
he
could
find
of
his
Relations
,
making
this
his
Pretext
,
That
he
had
discovered
a
Plot
of
the
Caliph
and
his
Friends
,
who
had
the
same
Intention
towards
him
.
After
which
,
he
gratified
the
Soldiery
with
such
prodigious
Largesses
out
of
the
Treasures
of
that
Prince
,
that
they
became
his
perfect
Idolaters
,
and
resolved
to
expose
all
they
had
for
his
Service
and
Glory
:
And
having
thus
established
himself
in
the
independent
Soveraignty
of
Egypt
,
which
he
looked
upon
as
the
first
Stage
of
his
Greatness
,
and
the
Carrier
of
his
Ambition
,
he
began
now
to
entertain
the
lofty
and
aspiring
Thoughts
of
Conquering
all
the
East
.
And
now
it
was
that
the
Christians
found
themselves
wedged
in
between
two
most
potent
and
redoubtable
Enemies
,
Noradin
upon
the
East
,
North
,
and
West
,
and
Saladin
upon
the
South
.
The
Apprehension
therefore
of
the
extreme
Dangers
with
which
they
were
Surrounded
,
made
them
begin
to
think
of
doing
all
that
possibly
they
could
for
their
own
Security
:
For
this
Purpose
they
sent
Frederick
Archbishop
of
Tyre
,
to
implore
the
Succours
of
the
Princes
of
the
West
,
and
to
attack
Saladin
by
Sea
and
Land
with
all
their
Forces
,
year
1169
before
he
was
well
Established
in
his
new
Dominions
.
But
all
in
vain
,
for
Amauri
,
though
Assisted
by
a
mighty
Navy
from
the
Greek
Emperor
,
laying
Siege
something
too
late
to
the
City
Damiata
,
which
lyes
upon
the
second
Branch
of
the
River
Nilus
over
against
Pelusium
,
was
constrained
by
the
excessive
Floods
,
and
the
want
of
Provisions
,
to
raise
his
Siege
;
and
the
Navy
was
miserably
lost
,
partly
burnt
by
the
Fires
which
the
Enemies
threw
among
them
,
and
partly
drowned
by
a
fearful
Tempest
which
wracked
the
greatest
part
of
them
in
their
Return
.
And
the
Archbishop
Frederick
,
after
having
unprofitably
Toiled
more
than
two
Years
in
the
West
,
where
the
Affairs
were
too
much
embroiled
by
civil
Dissentions
,
returned
without
any
other
Effects
of
his
Ambassage
,
than
fair
Words
,
and
fruitless
Promises
.
In
this
time
,
Saladin
who
was
resolved
to
make
use
of
this
Advantage
,
year
1170
which
the
Disorder
of
the
Christian
Army
offered
him
,
entred
into
Palestine
with
forty
thousand
Horse
,
and
took
Gaza
,
which
was
the
Key
of
the
Country
on
that
Side
towards
Egypt
and
the
Sea
.
And
not
long
after
having
levied
a
great
Army
both
of
Horse
and
Foot
,
he
Marched
on
the
right
Hand
by
Idumea
,
that
so
he
might
secure
another
Passage
,
and
fell
upon
the
Country
on
the
other
side
of
Jordan
,
where
he
made
a
most
horrible
Devastation
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
Army
of
Noradin
,
year
1170
did
the
same
about
Antioch
,
and
in
Phoenicia
,
where
the
terrible
Earth-quake
,
which
was
felt
throughout
the
whole
East
,
had
made
such
fearful
Disorders
,
overturning
the
Towers
,
and
throwing
down
the
Walls
of
the
greatest
part
of
the
Cities
,
as
if
it
were
to
facilitate
the
Conquests
of
Saladin
,
who
was
the
Scourge
of
God
,
the
Attila
of
those
Times
,
who
was
destined
to
Punish
the
Crimes
of
the
Christians
of
Syria
and
Palestine
.
In
short
,
to
perfect
the
Misfortune
,
the
King
,
who
opposed
himself
with
an
invincible
Conrage
against
all
the
Attempts
of
so
many
potent
Enemies
,
died
in
the
eight
and
thirtieth
Year
of
his
Age
,
just
in
the
very
Instant
,
when
he
was
about
to
make
considerable
Advantages
of
the
Death
of
Noradin
,
who
was
carried
off
by
a
Fever
a
little
before
.
And
this
deplorable
Accident
which
happened
in
so
critical
an
unlucky
Minute
,
occasioned
so
many
Domestick
Troubles
in
the
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
,
as
were
the
concluding
Causes
of
its
Ruine
.
This
Prince
left
for
his
Successor
his
only
Child
Baldwin
the
Fourth
,
who
besides
the
Impotence
of
his
Age
,
being
not
above
three
years
old
,
was
also
tainted
with
a
scurvy
Distemper
,
which
in
Conclusion
,
became
a
Leprosy
.
Raymond
Earl
of
Tripolis
,
his
nearest
Kinsman
,
being
Cousin-german
to
the
late
King
,
by
the
Mother
,
had
the
Regency
during
his
Minority
;
and
in
that
time
Saladin
,
who
never
missed
any
Occasion
to
advance
his
Power
,
Siezed
upon
Damascus
by
a
Correspondency
which
he
had
with
the
Widow
of
Noradin
,
whom
he
married
,
and
in
short
time
after
he
took
most
of
the
considerable
Places
in
Syria
,
dispoiling
the
young
Prince
the
Son
of
Noradin
,
after
he
had
Defeated
his
Uncle
the
Sultan
of
Nineveh
,
who
came
to
Assist
him
,
of
all
his
Dominions
.
At
the
same
time
he
entred
into
a
League
with
the
Earl
of
Tripolis
,
who
ingaged
not
to
Assist
his
Enemies
,
provided
that
for
the
remainder
of
their
Ransom
,
he
set
at
Liberty
certain
Prisoners
of
Quality
,
which
he
kept
in
the
Castle
of
Emessa
,
who
had
been
taken
by
Noradin
some
eight
Years
before
.
Thus
this
Infidel
Prince
rendred
himself
more
Potent
than
ever
,
by
the
Advantage
of
this
Treaty
,
which
gave
him
intire
Liberty
to
Conquer
the
whole
State
of
Noradin
,
both
on
this
and
the
other
side
of
Euphrates
and
Mesopotamia
,
year
1177
as
also
,
all
that
the
Sultan
of
Nineveh
Possessed
in
Syria
.
It
is
true
,
that
King
Baldwin
after
he
came
out
of
his
Minority
,
did
what
was
possible
for
him
to
do
in
the
Intervals
of
his
Distemper
,
to
oppose
the
Progress
of
the
Conqueror
,
and
that
he
obtained
many
considerable
Advantages
against
him
.
But
at
length
,
his
Distemper
increasing
,
he
was
obliged
to
chuse
some
of
the
Nobility
to
Govern
under
him
,
and
this
Choice
occasioned
those
Emulations
and
Divisions
in
the
Realm
,
which
at
the
last
completed
its
Ruin
:
For
as
when
once
a
Soveraign
Prince
becomes
unable
,
by
Diseases
,
to
mannage
his
own
Affairs
;
he
usually
grows
very
Jealous
and
Suspicious
,
and
full
of
Fears
to
be
Betraied
by
those
to
whom
he
is
obliged
to
trust
with
so
great
a
Charge
;
Baldwin
seeing
himself
reduced
to
this
piteous
Condition
,
and
fearing
least
,
Bohemond
the
young
Prince
of
Antioch
,
and
Raymond
Earl
of
Tripolis
,
should
attempt
something
against
him
,
under
pretext
of
his
Distemper
,
which
rendred
him
unable
to
Govern
in
his
own
Person
;
he
therefore
,
without
that
just
Deliberation
,
which
an
Affair
of
that
Importance
required
,
gave
Sybilla
his
Sister
,
who
was
the
Widow
of
William
Longsword
the
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
in
Marriage
to
Guy
de
Lusignan
,
a
young
French
Lord
,
the
third
Son
of
Hugh
the
Brown
Earl
of
March
,
and
Lord
of
Lusignan
,
who
had
made
the
Voyage
by
Sea
with
King
Lewis
the
Young
;
and
creating
him
Earl
of
Jaffa
and
Ascalon
,
year
1180
he
declared
him
Governor
of
the
Realm
,
to
the
mighty
Discontent
of
the
most
of
the
great
Lords
,
who
thought
themselves
more
worthy
of
that
Honor.
But
it
was
not
long
before
he
had
Occasion
to
Repent
of
his
Choice
,
for
he
found
by
Experience
,
that
he
had
but
little
Capacity
for
the
Charge
,
and
less
Courage
,
as
he
made
appear
a
little
after
,
in
a
fair
Opportunity
which
he
had
to
Defeat
his
Enemies
,
if
he
durst
have
sought
with
them
.
For
this
Reason
therefore
,
passing
from
one
Extreme
to
another
,
he
Disrobed
himself
of
all
his
Authority
,
and
made
the
little
Baldwin
the
Fifth
his
Nephew
,
year
1182
be
crowned
King
,
an
Infant
of
about
five
Years
of
Age
,
the
Son
of
his
Sister
Sybilla
by
the
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
her
first
Husband
,
leaving
the
Government
of
the
Kingdom
to
the
Earl
of
Tripolis
,
the
Man
whom
he
had
before
most
disgraced
,
and
who
was
the
declared
Enemy
of
Earl
Guy
,
against
whom
he
was
so
incensed
,
year
1182
that
he
had
recourse
to
Arms
to
be
Revenged
on
him
.
But
these
Matters
were
composed
by
the
Prudence
of
William
Archbishop
of
Tyre
,
great
Chancellor
of
the
Realm
,
year
1183
who
found
out
Expedients
to
patch
up
a
kind
of
Accord
between
these
two
quarrelling
Lords
.
Then
it
was
Resolved
to
send
with
all
speed
a
great
Ambassage
into
the
West
,
to
desire
a
quick
and
powerful
Assistance
against
Saladin
,
who
now
began
to
push
his
Conquests
even
into
Palestine
.
For
this
Purpose
,
Choice
was
made
of
Heraclius
the
Patriarch
of
Jerusalem
,
and
the
two
great
Masters
of
the
Temple
and
the
Hospital
,
who
were
then
the
two
most
considerable
Men
of
the
Holy
Land
,
both
in
regard
of
the
Number
,
and
the
Valor
of
the
Knights
of
these
two
Orders
,
who
were
now
become
most
Powerful
and
most
Famous
throughout
all
Christendom
.
These
Ambassadors
Arrived
happily
at
the
Port
of
Brindes
;
but
their
Negotiation
was
not
answerably
happy
to
that
of
their
Voyage
:
For
the
different
Interests
of
the
Christian
Princes
at
that
time
,
were
such
as
would
not
permit
them
to
ingage
in
an
Enterprise
of
such
Difficulty
,
as
was
the
Leading
of
an
Army
of
Crusades
into
Palestine
,
as
the
Ambassadors
desired
.
William
King
of
Sicily
was
ingaged
in
a
War
against
the
Cruel
Andronicus
,
to
take
Vengeance
upon
that
Tyrant
,
who
had
horribly
Massacred
all
the
Latins
that
were
at
Constantinople
,
that
so
he
might
with
greater
Facility
usurp
the
Imperial
Throne
,
by
putting
to
Death
the
young
Alexis
,
the
Son
of
Manuel
.
Having
therefore
been
able
to
procure
nothing
more
from
this
Prince
,
besides
great
Promises
for
the
future
,
they
crossed
through
Italy
to
Verona
,
where
Pope
Lucius
,
and
the
Emperor
Frederick
Barbarossa
,
held
a
great
Assembly
of
Princes
and
Prelates
,
to
determine
the
Differences
between
them
,
and
to
settle
the
Affairs
of
Italy
.
The
Emperor
,
who
was
absolutely
resolved
to
re-settle
his
Authority
,
which
the
Wars
,
during
the
Schism
,
which
had
been
made
with
the
Papal
See
,
had
so
much
weakned
,
gave
them
nothing
but
fair
Words
and
great
Hopes
;
and
for
the
Pope
,
as
he
ever
distrusted
the
Romans
,
who
not
long
before
had
Revolted
from
him
,
he
was
able
to
do
no
more
than
to
give
the
Ambassadors
his
Letters
,
to
the
Kings
of
England
and
France
,
wherein
he
exhorted
them
to
this
Enterprise
,
as
Alexander
the
Third
his
Predecessor
had
before
to
little
Purpose
done
.
The
Patriarch
therefore
,
and
the
great
Masters
of
the
Hospitallers
,
after
having
performed
their
last
Duty
to
the
Master
of
the
Temple
,
who
Died
at
Verona
,
passed
into
France
.
There
they
were
most
magnificently
Received
and
Treated
by
the
Order
of
the
King
Philip
Augustus
,
at
Paris
,
to
whom
they
presented
the
Keys
of
the
Holy
City
,
of
the
Tower
of
David
,
and
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
with
the
Royal
Standard
,
in
token
that
they
put
themselves
under
his
Protection
,
and
to
oblige
him
to
Succor
the
Holy
Land
,
as
if
it
were
his
own
Kingdom
,
now
that
it
was
reduced
to
such
extreme
Danger
by
the
Infidels
.
Whereupon
a
general
Assembly
of
all
the
Prelates
and
great
Men
of
the
Realm
,
was
called
at
Paris
,
to
Debate
this
great
Affair
;
and
they
considering
that
the
King
was
not
above
eight
and
twenty
Years
of
Age
,
and
had
no
Issue
,
were
of
Opinion
,
That
he
ought
not
in
Person
to
undertake
such
a
dangerous
Voyage
;
only
Philip
promised
the
Ambassadors
,
that
he
would
move
his
Subjects
throughout
the
whole
Realm
to
inrowl
themselves
for
this
War
,
and
that
he
would
at
his
own
Cost
,
furnish
all
those
liberally
for
their
Maintenance
,
who
would
take
up
Arms
for
so
Just
and
Holy
a
War
.
This
Answer
was
not
at
all
to
the
Satisfaction
of
the
Patriarch
;
however
he
contented
himself
as
well
as
he
could
,
upon
the
Hopes
which
he
had
that
the
King
of
England
,
upon
whom
they
did
particularly
rely
in
Syria
,
would
make
himself
the
Head
of
the
Enterprise
.
That
King
was
Henry
the
Second
,
the
Son
of
Geoffry
Earl
of
Anjou
,
who
had
married
Maud
the
Empress
,
the
Widow
of
the
Emperor
Henry
the
Fourth
,
she
was
Daughter
to
Henry
the
First
King
of
England
;
so
that
this
Henry
the
Second
was
Grand-child
both
to
Henry
the
First
,
and
to
Fowk
d'
Anjou
,
King
of
Jerusalem
,
who
was
the
Father
to
Geoffry
Earl
of
Anjou
,
and
to
Amauri
King
of
Jerusalem
;
and
by
reason
thereof
he
was
Cousin
German
to
Baldwin
the
Fourth
,
who
was
the
late
King
of
Palestine
;
so
that
doubtless
he
was
more
particularly
Obliged
than
any
other
Prince
,
to
Defend
that
Realm
which
might
one
Day
descend
to
him
by
Inheritance
.
He
was
also
more
especially
Obliged
to
it
for
the
Expitation
of
the
Crime
which
he
had
Committed
,
year
1183
in
permitting
the
Assassins
of
St
Thomas
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
to
Murder
him
in
his
own
Church
;
and
he
had
accepted
it
as
a
Penance
from
the
Pope
,
within
three
Years
to
lead
an
Army
in
Person
to
the
Holy
Land
.
More
than
ten
Years
were
already
slip'd
away
since
the
Term
prefixed
,
and
he
had
not
done
any
thing
towards
the
Accomplishment
of
his
Promise
;
of
which
he
was
by
a
Letter
from
Pope
Lucius
,
reminded
in
Terms
sharp
enough
,
who
told
him
plainly
,
that
it
was
impessible
for
him
to
escape
the
severe
Judgments
of
God
,
who
would
not
permit
himself
to
be
mocked
,
and
whose
Vengeance
he
would
have
cause
to
Fear
,
if
he
persisted
willfully
in
the
breach
of
his
Promise
.
All
these
Considerations
made
the
Patriarch
hope
for
more
happy
Success
to
his
Negotiation
in
England
,
in
regard
,
that
in
this
pressing
Necessity
,
it
was
probable
,
either
that
the
King
would
go
in
Person
into
Palestine
,
for
the
satisfaction
of
his
Promise
;
or
at
least
,
that
he
would
send
one
of
his
three
Sons
to
command
the
Army
;
and
bigg
with
these
Expectations
,
he
crossed
the
Sea
with
his
Colleague
,
and
in
the
beginning
of
the
Year
following
came
to
London
.
year
1185
Henry
,
who
was
beforehand
resolved
not
to
grant
what
the
Ambassadours
came
to
desire
,
would
nevertheless
save
his
Reputation
,
and
therefore
he
did
them
all
the
Honour
imaginable
,
and
took
the
most
plausible
Courses
to
justify
his
Conduct
.
He
therefore
sent
for
them
to
Reading
,
where
the
Court
then
was
,
and
gave
them
a
most
favourable
Audience
;
He
very
graciously
,
and
with
great
marks
of
Goodness
and
Compassion
,
heard
the
Patriarch
Heraclius
,
who
in
a
most
passionate
Discourse
,
after
he
had
presented
him
with
the
Keys
of
Jerusalem
,
and
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
represented
the
piteous
Condition
to
which
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
in
the
East
were
reduced
,
who
he
said
,
stretched
out
their
beseeching
Hands
to
him
,
who
above
all
others
,
had
so
many
powerful
Reasons
,
both
Divine
and
Humane
,
to
oblige
him
to
take
them
into
his
Protection
.
The
King
gave
him
Hopes
,
that
he
should
in
a
little
time
receive
Satisfaction
in
what
he
had
proposed
,
assuring
him
with
all
the
appearances
of
a
great
Sincerity
,
that
with
God's
Help
all
should
go
well
,
and
that
this
Affair
should
succeed
to
his
Contentment
:
And
in
the
Interim
he
conducted
the
Amhassadours
to
London
,
there
to
attend
the
more
particular
Answer
,
which
he
promised
to
give
them
,
after
he
had
first
,
according
to
the
Custom
,
taken
the
Advice
of
the
Prelates
and
Lords
of
his
Parliament
upon
it
,
which
he
had
ordered
to
be
called
against
the
first
Sunday
in
Lent
.
And
accordingly
,
he
did
not
fail
to
call
a
Parliament
,
where
,
besides
the
great
Men
of
England
,
there
were
also
present
,
William
King
of
Scotland
,
and
David
his
Brother
,
and
the
Lords
of
that
Realm
,
which
then
was
held
of
the
King
of
England
.
Now
the
Patriarch
,
as
the
Pope
in
his
Letter
,
and
himself
in
his
Speech
had
done
,
principally
insisted
upon
the
Promise
,
which
the
King
made
,
when
he
obtained
his
Absolution
,
to
go
in
Person
to
the
Holy
Land
;
the
King
consulted
the
Bishops
and
the
Abbots
in
the
Case
,
to
know
whether
,
considering
the
present
Circumstances
of
his
Affairs
,
he
was
obliged
to
aquit
himself
of
his
Promise
,
by
accomplishing
that
part
of
his
Penance
which
was
imposed
on
him
by
the
Pope
,
and
to
which
he
had
so
solemnly
obliged
himself
.
This
certainly
was
a
most
nice
and
curious
Case
of
Conscience
,
and
which
ought
in
the
first
place
to
be
decided
;
in
regard
,
that
if
his
Promise
was
binding
,
there
was
no
longer
place
for
Deliberation
,
and
that
he
had
but
one
Choice
to
make
,
which
was
,
to
acquit
himself
of
it
by
undertaking
the
Voyage
:
If
he
was
not
obliged
to
that
Condition
of
his
Penance
,
then
it
must
fall
under
Examination
,
whether
of
these
two
was
most
Expedient
,
either
that
the
King
should
assist
the
Orientals
without
going
in
Person
out
of
the
Kingdom
,
or
that
he
should
himself
conduct
the
Succours
into
Palestine
.
As
for
the
King
,
to
shew
that
his
Proceedings
were
clear
and
with
good
Faith
upon
the
matter
,
he
would
by
all
means
,
that
the
Patriarch
and
the
great
Master
,
should
themselves
Assist
at
the
Debate
,
while
this
Question
was
under
Deliberation
,
with
full
and
intire
Liberty
,
there
to
offer
what
they
should
judge
Convenient
.
And
withal
,
he
strictly
required
of
all
that
assisted
at
that
Assembly
,
that
they
should
faithfully
give
their
Opinions
,
without
any
sort
of
Complaisance
to
him
,
and
declare
their
Judgment
upon
their
Consciences
,
which
of
these
two
was
most
expedient
and
necessary
for
his
Souls
Health
and
Salvation
;
year
1185
protesting
that
he
was
firmly
resolved
to
put
in
Execution
what
should
be
determined
by
the
Plurality
of
Votes
in
that
Assembly
.
The
more
severe
Opinion
assuredly
was
,
That
the
King
should
abide
by
his
Word
and
Promise
,
that
he
should
accomplish
the
Penance
which
he
had
accepted
of
,
and
that
he
should
go
in
Person
to
the
Succour
of
the
Holy
Land
:
and
this
the
Patriarch
failed
not
to
support
with
all
the
Reasons
and
Arguments
which
could
be
alledged
:
For
,
urged
he
,
What
is
there
in
all
Civil
Society
,
which
ought
to
be
more
sacred
and
inviolable
,
than
the
Word
of
a
mighty
King
?
Can
there
be
any
thing
that
ought
more
religiously
to
be
observed
,
than
a
Promise
made
upon
receiving
the
Holy
Sacrament
,
at
the
Absolution
given
for
an
Offence
,
which
was
granted
upon
the
Condition
of
accomplishing
the
Penance
which
is
accepted
to
satisfie
God
Almighty
?
And
supposing
that
there
could
be
a
Dispensation
,
so
as
to
change
it
to
another
;
Who
could
give
that
Dispensation
,
or
make
that
Exchange
,
except
the
Pope
,
who
had
imposed
the
Penance
;
and
who
was
so
far
from
being
willing
to
grant
any
such
Dispensation
,
that
he
presssed
the
Performance
of
it
in
the
most
pressing
Terms
,
and
with
the
most
terrible
Menaces
of
the
Judgments
of
God
,
if
the
Satisfaction
was
longer
deferred
?
These
Arguments
,
without
doubt
,
appeared
very
strong
:
Nevertheless
,
all
the
Bishops
and
Abbots
,
among
whom
there
were
many
extraordinary
knowing
,
and
very
good
People
;
among
others
,
Baldwin
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
a
Man
of
most
wonderful
Merit
;
concluded
with
one
common
Consent
,
for
the
more
mild
Opinion
;
and
maintained
,
that
the
King
was
not
only
not
obliged
at
present
to
undertake
this
Voyage
to
Palestine
,
but
also
,
that
it
was
more
conducing
to
the
Health
of
his
Soul
,
that
he
should
stay
to
govern
his
Dominions
;
in
regard
that
the
Promise
which
he
had
made
in
accepting
the
Penance
,
was
not
only
in
its
own
Nature
dispensable
,
but
ought
to
be
dispensed
with
,
because
nothing
could
oblige
a
Prince
to
the
prejudice
of
another
Promise
which
was
made
before
it
,
and
which
was
indispensable
,
and
by
which
the
King
,
by
his
Coronation
Oath
,
had
obliged
himself
to
govern
his
Subjects
,
and
defend
them
against
the
Attempts
of
all
their
Enemies
,
both
Foreign
and
Domestick
;
which
it
was
impossible
for
him
to
do
in
his
Absence
,
in
a
Government
where
his
Presence
could
not
be
wanting
.
And
for
what
concerned
one
of
the
Sons
of
the
King
,
which
was
desired
in
default
of
the
King
's
going
in
Person
,
they
all
agreed
unanimously
with
the
Lords
Temporal
,
that
the
Parliament
had
no
power
to
determine
upon
it
,
in
regard
they
were
absent
;
and
that
therefore
the
Resolution
which
was
to
be
taken
upon
that
Matter
depended
absolutely
upon
their
own
Will
and
Pleasure
.
And
,
in
short
,
they
judged
all
together
,
that
though
the
King
had
,
of
himself
,
a
mighty
desire
to
go
this
Voyage
,
yet
he
ought
not
to
undertake
it
without
first
consulting
the
King
of
France
,
who
,
in
respect
of
the
Estates
of
Normandy
,
Guienne
,
and
other
Provinces
which
he
held
in
the
French
Monarchy
,
was
his
Lord
and
Soveraign
:
But
that
notwithstanding
,
he
might
give
liberty
to
his
Subjects
to
take
up
the
Cross
,
and
undertake
that
Voyage
upon
the
first
Occasion
;
and
that
the
King
should
advance
a
Sum
of
Money
for
their
Support
who
should
undertake
this
War
,
who
it
was
promised
,
should
follow
shortly
after
.
This
was
the
Resolution
which
was
taken
in
the
Parliament
of
London
,
and
with
which
the
Patriarch
Heraclius
,
who
was
of
a
very
violent
Humour
,
was
so
exasperated
,
by
thinking
all
his
Hopes
and
Endeavours
were
lost
,
that
he
instantly
threw
off
all
manner
of
Respect
which
was
due
to
so
great
a
Prince
,
and
treated
him
after
so
rude
a
fashion
,
that
it
is
impossible
to
excuse
it
under
the
soft
name
of
Zeal
,
as
he
endeavoured
to
persuade
the
World
.
For
the
King
,
that
he
might
sweeten
what
seemed
so
harsh
in
this
matter
,
was
resolved
himself
to
remonstrate
to
the
Ambassadours
,
whom
he
sent
for
,
the
Reasons
which
had
moved
the
Parliament
to
come
to
that
Resolution
,
which
they
esteemed
so
prejudicial
to
the
Hopes
of
their
Embassage
:
He
informed
them
,
that
it
was
the
fear
they
had
,
that
the
French
,
with
whom
they
never
continued
long
in
Peace
,
would
draw
some
advantage
from
his
Absence
;
as
also
,
that
they
were
not
without
Jealousies
and
Suspicious
,
that
his
own
Sons
,
of
whom
they
were
not
too
well
assured
,
might
occasion
some
disturbance
in
the
Realm
:
but
that
for
his
own
particular
,
he
would
with
all
his
heart
,
give
fifty
thousand
Marks
in
Silver
for
the
maintaining
of
the
War
,
year
1185
and
that
he
would
further
oblige
himself
to
maintain
all
such
of
his
Subjects
as
would
undertake
that
Enterprise
.
This
certainly
was
very
obligingly
and
advantageously
offered
by
the
King
:
but
the
Cholerick
Patriarch
,
fiercely
rejecting
the
Proposition
,
told
him
very
insolently
,
That
they
had
no
occasion
for
his
Money
,
but
for
his
Person
;
that
they
had
more
Gold
and
Silver
than
they
desired
;
and
that
they
were
not
come
so
far
,
but
to
search
for
a
Man
who
wanted
Money
,
as
he
did
,
and
who
therefore
might
,
to
his
advantage
,
make
a
profitable
War
against
the
Infidels
;
and
that
they
did
not
seek
for
Money
,
which
stood
in
need
of
a
Man
who
was
skilled
in
Military
Affairs
,
and
knew
how
to
employ
it
in
that
War
.
And
for
you
,
Sir
,
added
he
,
speaking
to
him
with
an
Air
,
as
offensive
and
disobliging
as
was
imaginable
;
You
have
hitherto
reigned
with
abundance
of
Glory
:
But
know
,
that
God
,
whose
Cause
you
have
now
abandoned
,
is
about
also
to
abandon
you
;
and
he
will
let
you
see
what
will
be
the
Consequence
of
repaying
him
with
Ingratitude
,
for
all
those
Riches
and
Kingdoms
which
you
have
not
obtained
,
but
by
your
Enormous
Crimes
.
You
have
violated
your
Faith
to
the
King
of
France
,
who
is
your
Soveraign
;
and
you
make
that
your
Excuse
to
refuse
this
War
,
that
you
are
afraid
he
should
make
War
upon
you
:
You
have
barbarously
caused
the
holy
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
to
be
murdered
;
and
yet
,
in
Expiation
of
your
Guilt
,
you
refuse
to
undertake
this
Holy
War
,
for
the
Defence
of
the
Holy
Land
,
to
which
you
had
engaged
your self
most
solemnly
upon
the
blessed
Sacrament
.
And
then
seeing
the
King
change
Colour
,
and
blush
with
Madness
and
Anger
;
Never
believe
,
pursued
he
,
thrusting
out
his
Neck
;
Never
believe
that
I
have
the
least
Apprehension
of
the
Effects
of
that
Fury
which
glows
about
your
Cheeks
and
Eyes
,
and
which
the
truth
of
what
I
have
spoken
,
which
you
cannot
endure
,
hath
kindled
in
your
Soul
;
there
taking
Head
.
Treat
me
as
you
have
done
St.
Thomas
:
I
had
rather
die
by
your
Hand
in
England
,
than
by
that
of
the
Sarasins
in
Syria
,
since
I
esteem
you
little
less
than
a
barbarous
Sarasin
.
In
truth
,
this
extravagant
,
raving
Language
in
a
Patriarch
,
and
a
Patriarch-Ambassadour
,
was
both
inexcusable
and
insupportable
;
but
the
King
,
whose
Age
and
Experience
,
and
the
dangerous
Consequences
which
had
followed
upon
the
death
of
Becket
,
the
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
,
had
rendred
more
moderate
,
made
a
great
Attempt
upon
himself
,
and
generously
surmounted
his
Passion
,
though
the
Patriarch
went
on
,
still
vomiting
out
of
indecent
Reproaches
,
worse
than
before
,
which
I
am
ashamed
to
relate
.
And
when
the
Transport
,
into
which
the
old
Prelate
had
put
himself
was
over
,
and
that
he
began
again
to
be
in
a
tolerable
Humour
,
the
King
did
not
,
for
all
this
,
fail
to
treat
him
with
abundance
of
Sweetness
and
Civility
,
till
such
time
as
he
carried
him
over
in
his
own
Ship
to
Roan
;
where
,
after
the
Celebration
of
Easter
,
he
went
with
him
to
the
Frontier
,
that
so
he
might
be
a
Witness
of
the
Conference
which
was
held
for
three
days
with
King
Philip
,
upon
the
Subject
of
this
Holy
War
.
But
for
all
that
,
the
Patriarch
was
no
more
satisfied
than
he
had
been
before
;
for
the
two
Kings
remained
fixed
in
their
Resolution
,
and
both
together
informed
him
,
that
their
Affairs
would
not
permit
to
be
so
far
and
long
absent
from
their
Dominions
,
but
that
they
were
both
willing
to
assist
him
with
such
Stores
of
Men
and
Money
,
as
might
defend
them
against
all
the
Power
of
Saladin
.
And
thus
it
happened
at
the
last
,
that
Heraclius
,
who
had
made
no
scruple
while
he
was
in
Palestine
,
but
he
should
bring
along
with
him
,
either
the
King
of
England
,
or
one
of
his
Sons
,
was
forced
to
return
,
not
only
without
them
,
but
without
the
Succours
also
which
were
offered
him
,
which
out
of
madness
he
foolishly
despised
,
contrary
to
all
the
Rules
of
Prudence
and
Reason
,
and
to
the
mighty
prejudice
of
the
declining
Affairs
of
his
Master
.
So
much
doth
it
import
Princes
,
not
to
abandon
their
Affairs
and
Interests
to
the
Discretion
of
those
who
have
so
little
themselves
,
as
to
suffer
their
unruly
Passions
to
govern
them
so
absolutely
,
as
to
lose
even
that
little
which
they
have
.
It
is
true
indeed
,
that
after
all
this
,
the
Arch-bishops
of
Canterbury
and
Roan
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
Lords
of
England
,
Normandy
and
Guienne
,
and
the
other
Provinces
which
the
English
possessed
in
France
,
took
up
the
Cross
,
as
soon
as
the
Soldiers
which
Philip
Augustus
had
levied
,
in
order
to
the
sending
them
to
the
Succour
of
the
Holy
Land
.
But
this
beginning
of
a
Crusade
turned
to
no
great
account
;
not
only
because
the
two
Kings
did
not
at
all
engage
in
it
,
year
1185
but
also
because
the
Peace
which
was
made
between
them
,
was
shortly
after
broken
;
the
occasion
of
which
,
and
the
renewing
of
the
War
,
happened
to
be
,
by
the
Refusal
of
Richard
,
the
Son
of
the
King
of
England
,
to
do
the
Homage
which
he
ought
to
have
rendred
to
King
Philip
,
for
the
Earldom
of
Poitou
,
which
he
held
of
the
Crown
of
France
by
that
ancient
Tenure
:
as
also
,
by
reason
that
King
Henry
refused
to
restore
the
Earldom
of
Gisors
,
after
the
death
of
the
young
Henry
,
his
eldest
Son
,
to
whom
it
was
given
in
Dowry
with
Margaret
of
France
,
his
Lady
,
the
Sister
of
Philip
Augustus
,
upon
Condition
that
it
should
revert
to
that
Crown
if
Henry
should
dye
without
Issue
,
as
he
did
three
Years
after
his
Marriage
.
Thus
the
Holy
Land
,
which
was
so
furiously
attacked
by
an
Enemy
so
formidable
as
Saladin
,
remained
destitute
of
all
Assistance
;
and
that
which
was
still
more
deplorable
was
,
that
this
sad
Relation
being
reported
throughout
Palestine
,
by
the
Indiscretion
of
the
Patriarch
,
struck
the
whole
Country
with
such
an
universal
Consternation
,
as
produced
a
most
dangerous
Effect
;
for
an
Enggish
Knight
of
the
Temple
,
one
Robert
de
St.
Alban
,
a
good
Captain
,
but
an
ill
Man
,
who
had
neither
Religion
,
Honour
,
nor
Conscience
;
believing
,
upon
this
Report
,
that
all
was
lost
as
to
the
Christians
,
and
that
he
could
no
longer
hope
to
establish
his
Fortune
amongst
a
ruined
People
,
he
began
to
think
of
making
it
among
the
Sarasins
;
and
to
make
himself
considerable
,
in
meriting
well
of
Saladin
,
though
by
the
blackest
of
all
Crimes
.
This
infamous
Man
therefore
rendred
himself
to
that
Prince
,
offering
him
his
Service
against
the
Christians
;
and
promised
him
,
that
in
a
little
time
he
would
destroy
them
,
and
also
take
the
City
of
Jerusalem
,
with
the
Weakness
whereof
he
was
perfectly
acquainted
:
And
that
he
might
give
him
such
Assurance
of
his
Truth
as
was
unquestionable
,
he
also
added
,
That
he
was
ready
to
renounce
his
Religion
,
and
turn
Mahometan
.
Saladin
,
who
very
well
knew
him
by
the
Reputation
which
he
had
acquired
,
and
which
had
given
him
the
Fame
of
one
of
the
ablest
and
most
valiant
Knights
of
his
Order
,
accepted
his
Offers
;
and
to
engage
him
the
more
strongly
to
his
Party
,
gave
him
his
Niece
in
Marriage
,
and
in
consequence
,
a
very
good
Army
,
with
which
this
infamous
Apostate
committed
most
horrid
Discorders
in
Palestine
;
but
as
he
approached
to
Jorusalem
,
which
he
believed
he
should
be
able
to
surprize
with
the
third
part
of
his
Troops
,
whilst
the
other
desolated
all
the
Country
as
far
as
Samaria
,
or
Sebastia
,
even
to
Jericho
,
the
small
number
of
Soldiers
which
were
in
the
City
,
with
the
Inhabitants
,
sallied
out
at
the
Postern-Gates
so
luckily
,
that
the
Traytor
,
who
expected
no
such
matter
,
was
himself
surprized
,
and
most
of
his
Companions
being
cut
in
pieces
,
he
was
constrained
to
sly
with
all
the
haste
his
Spurs
could
help
him
to
,
thereby
to
escape
the
just
Punishments
which
he
knew
he
deserved
for
his
detestable
Perfidy
.
This
was
some
little
Consolation
to
poor
King
Baldwin
,
who
had
tasted
little
in
his
Life
,
but
went
out
of
the
World
some
few
Days
after
,
with
this
small
Satisfaction
;
dying
in
the
twenty
fifth
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
the
twelfth
of
his
Reign
;
not
less
with
the
Violence
of
his
Disease
,
than
with
the
Grief
which
he
had
,
to
see
his
poor
Kingdom
destitute
of
all
hopes
of
Succour
,
and
left
in
the
hands
of
a
feeble
Infant
,
betwixt
eight
and
nine
Years
of
Age
;
and
which
was
in
extream
danger
to
be
miserably
torn
in
pieces
,
by
the
Factions
and
Ambition
of
the
Great
Men.
And
indeed
,
presently
after
the
death
of
this
Prince
,
year
1186
those
dangerous
Contests
for
the
Regency
began
to
break
out
,
between
the
Earl
of
Tripolis
,
and
Guy
de
Lusignan
:
But
this
Fire
became
a
mighty
Blaze
by
the
death
of
the
little
King
,
which
happened
about
seven
Months
after
that
of
his
Unkle
,
by
a
slow
Poyson
which
,
it
is
said
,
was
given
him
either
by
Count
Raymond
,
his
Governor
,
who
had
some
Pretensions
to
the
Throne
;
or
as
others
believed
,
by
his
own
Mother
Sybilla
,
an
ambitious
and
unnatural
Woman
,
who
was
not
able
to
suffer
this
little
Infant
to
take
from
her
the
Hope
of
being
a
Queen
.
But
let
it
be
as
it
will
,
that
the
Malignity
of
Men's
Natures
,
and
the
Liberty
which
they
give
themselves
,
to
publish
their
own
Suspicions
,
and
the
idle
Reports
of
the
People
,
for
undoubted
Truths
,
which
hath
often
given
Rise
to
the
Belief
of
such
supposed
Crimes
:
This
is
certain
,
that
the
death
of
this
Infant
King
gave
the
fatal
Blow
to
this
unhappy
Kingdom
,
year
1186
and
to
the
Liberty
of
the
unfortunate
City
of
Jerusalem
.
King
Baldwin
the
Fourth
had
two
Sisters
;
Sybilla
,
the
Mother
of
this
little
Baldwin
the
Fifth
,
which
she
had
by
her
first
Husband
,
William
,
Marquis
of
Montferrat
;
his
second
Sister
was
Isabella
,
the
Daughter
of
Mary
,
the
second
Wife
of
Amauri
,
and
Niece
to
Manuel
,
the
Emperor
of
Constaminople
;
who
was
married
to
Alfred
de
Thoron
,
Son
to
the
late
Constable
of
Jerusalem
.
Now
Raymond
,
who
was
the
nearest
Relation
to
the
deceased
Kings
,
pretended
that
,
in
the
present
Condition
of
their
Affairs
,
he
ought
to
succeed
to
the
Kingdom
,
to
the
Exclusion
of
the
Females
;
and
he
was
supported
in
his
Pretensions
by
the
Militia
,
the
People
,
and
the
Judgment
of
King
Baldwin
the
Fourth
,
who
had
intrusted
him
with
the
Minority
of
the
young
King
,
his
Nephew
;
excluding
from
it
Guy
de
Lusignan
,
the
second
Husband
of
his
Sister
Sybilla
.
On
the
other
side
,
all
the
great
Lords
of
the
Realm
,
who
were
for
maintaining
the
Succession
to
the
lawful
Heirs
of
the
Sisters
of
Baldwin
the
Fourth
,
were
resolute
to
recognize
the
Princess
Sybilla
for
their
Queen
;
but
with
this
Condition
,
that
some
Expedient
should
be
found
out
to
break
her
Marriage
with
Count
Guy
of
Lusignan
,
with
whom
they
would
have
nothing
to
do
,
both
in
regard
that
he
was
not
reputed
either
brave
or
able
,
as
also
,
that
they
could
not
endure
that
a
Stranger
,
newly
come
among
them
,
should
possess
the
Throne
,
to
the
prejudice
of
so
many
Lords
of
the
Realm
,
who
might
fill
it
more
advantageously
.
Nevertheless
,
Sybilla
,
who
was
altogether
as
dexterous
as
she
was
ambitious
,
having
for
some
time
concealed
the
death
of
her
Son
,
knew
so
well
how
to
gain
the
Patriarch
,
and
the
great
Masters
of
the
Temple
and
the
Hospital
,
who
made
the
most
powerful
Interest
,
that
she
procured
her self
and
Husband
to
be
crowned
,
almost
at
the
same
time
that
the
death
of
the
little
King
was
divulged
,
before
the
other
Pretenders
could
have
the
leisure
to
enterprize
any
thing
against
her
.
It
is
true
indeed
,
that
they
were
so
transported
with
Madness
at
this
surprizing
Artifice
,
that
they
offered
to
declare
Alfred
de
Thoron
King
;
but
whether
it
were
that
he
had
little
Ambition
,
or
little
Courage
,
he
rejected
the
Tender
,
and
went
himself
immediately
to
recognize
the
new
King
,
by
doing
him
Homage
;
the
others
thereupon
,
being
astonished
with
his
Action
,
yet
followed
his
Example
,
though
they
detested
in
their
hearts
this
Cowardly
Submission
of
his
,
as
they
termed
it
,
and
reserved
themselves
for
the
future
,
by
some
Opportunity
or
other
,
to
overthrow
that
Throne
,
to
which
they
now
submitted
only
in
Appearance
,
and
Compliance
to
the
present
Necessity
.
But
it
was
far
otherwise
with
the
Earl
of
Tripolis
;
for
he
,
neither
able
to
suffer
,
nor
to
dissemble
the
Injury
,
which
he
thought
he
received
by
preferring
his
Rival
,
was
so
transported
with
Rage
and
Fury
,
that
he
immediately
retired
into
his
own
Estates
;
and
presently
after
,
to
accomplish
his
Revenge
,
committed
a
Fact
,
the
most
black
,
dishonourable
and
detestable
,
that
ever
was
recorded
in
any
Story
.
This
Count
Raymond
the
Third
was
descended
in
the
Right
Line
from
the
famous
Raymond
Earl
of
Tholouse
,
who
was
his
third
Grandfather
,
and
who
,
after
he
had
done
so
many
fair
Actions
in
the
first
Crusade
,
died
in
the
Year
1105.
in
the
Fortress
of
Mount
Pilgrims
,
about
two
Miles
from
Tripolis
,
which
he
then
besieged
.
Bertrand
,
his
Son
,
who
took
that
City
,
succeeded
his
Father
in
the
Earldom
,
which
he
held
of
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
;
and
he
left
for
his
Successor
,
Pontius
de
Tholouse
,
his
Son
;
who
married
Cecilia
,
the
Widow
of
the
valiant
Tancred
,
the
Daughter
of
Philip
,
the
King
of
France
,
which
he
had
by
Bertrada
de
Monfort
;
who
had
also
had
by
Fowk
d'
Anjou
,
her
former
Husband
,
the
young
Count
Fowk
,
who
was
afterwards
King
of
Jerusalem
.
From
this
Earl
Pontius
and
Cecilia
,
descended
Raymond
the
Second
,
Nephew
to
King
Fowk
;
and
who
was
also
his
Brother
in
Law
,
by
the
Marriage
of
the
younger
Sister
of
Queen
Melesintha
,
the
Daughter
of
King
Baldwin
the
Second
,
and
Wife
of
King
Fowk
.
So
that
Raymond
the
Third
,
of
whom
I
now
speak
,
who
was
the
Son
of
Raymond
the
Second
,
was
,
by
his
Father
,
second
Cousin
;
and
by
his
Mother
,
Cousin-german
to
King
Amauri
,
the
Father
of
Sybilla
,
and
Unkle
to
the
little
King
deceased
.
Being
of
this
Illustrious
Blood
,
he
had
also
Qualities
answerable
to
the
Greatness
of
his
Birth
:
for
he
was
wise
and
judicious
in
Counsel
;
prudent
,
moderate
,
grave
,
serious
,
and
extream
sober
;
speaking
little
,
and
very
reserved
,
though
he
had
a
Spirit
quick
and
piercing
,
and
was
of
a
mighty
Courage
,
and
undaunted
Boldness
:
year
1186
He
was
very
ready
,
and
even
eager
in
the
Execution
of
what
he
undertook
,
as
too
well
appeared
in
the
Battle
of
Harenc
,
which
he
and
the
Prince
of
Antioch
lost
to
Noradin
;
wherein
he
was
taken
Prisoner
,
and
carried
to
Alepo
;
where
he
continued
in
Captivity
for
eight
Years
,
paying
for
his
Ransom
twenty
thousand
Pounds
,
the
greatest
part
whereof
he
received
from
the
King
Amauri
.
As
for
the
rest
,
he
was
wonderful
cunning
,
civil
,
popular
,
and
artificially
complaisant
to
those
with
whom
he
had
to
do
,
but
sierce
and
ruggid
to
his
Domesticks
,
where
he
acted
without
Constraint
,
according
to
the
Dictates
of
his
morose
Temper
,
which
made
it self
known
for
Saturnine
and
Melancholy
,
by
the
Habit
of
his
Body
,
which
was
thin
,
large
and
meagre
,
his
Visage
melancholy
,
his
Complexion
swarthy
,
his
Hair
black
and
lank
,
his
Nose
hooked
,
his
Eyes
quick
and
fiery
,
his
whole
Phisnomy
sierce
and
gloomy
,
which
,
in
despight
of
all
the
Art
which
he
made
use
of
to
sweeten
it
,
made
too
visible
Appearances
,
that
he
had
at
the
bottom
of
his
Soul
,
those
untamed
,
tumultuous
and
violent
Passions
,
which
were
capable
of
transporting
him
to
the
last
Extremities
of
Rage
and
Wickedness
,
as
made
themselves
manifest
in
that
fearful
manner
which
I
am
about
to
relate
.
For
Saladin
,
who
was
diligent
in
watching
how
to
make
his
Advantage
of
these
Divisions
among
the
Christian
Princes
,
the
noise
of
the
Rupture
being
come
to
his
knowledge
,
secretly
sent
to
Earl
Raymond
,
with
whom
he
had
before
had
some
Correspondency
.
He
sollicited
him
to
joyn
their
Forces
together
against
Guy
de
Lusignan
,
and
promised
him
to
set
him
upon
the
Throne
of
Jerusalem
,
and
to
assist
him
with
all
his
Power
,
to
maintain
him
there
,
provided
that
,
for
the
Security
of
his
Fidelity
,
he
would
renounce
Christianity
,
and
embrace
the
Law
of
Mahomet
.
There
are
few
Examples
in
History
which
make
it
more
apparent
,
into
what
a
fearful
Abyss
of
Blindness
and
Madness
the
violent
Passions
of
Jealousie
,
Ambition
,
Hatred
and
Revenge
precipitate
a
Man
,
who
hath
once
so
far
abandoned
himself
to
them
,
as
no
longer
to
give
ear
to
Reason
,
Honour
and
Conscience
,
which
oppose
them
.
Raymond
,
who
was
resolved
,
at
any
rate
,
that
his
Rival
should
perish
,
and
who
had
no
other
Thoughts
,
but
how
to
gratisie
his
importunate
Passions
,
though
at
the
Expence
of
the
greatest
Crimes
in
the
World
,
and
the
Damnation
of
his
Soul
;
without
further
weighing
the
the
Shame
,
or
the
Danger
,
into
which
,
in
all
senses
,
he
was
plunging
himself
,
in
giving
Credit
to
an
Enemy
,
and
an
ambitious
Infidel
;
promised
all
that
Saladin
desired
,
provided
that
he
would
follow
his
Direction
,
and
enter
into
the
Realm
with
a
powerful
Army
when
it
was
a
convenient
time
,
by
the
Way
which
he
should
advise
.
He
therefore
acquainted
him
only
with
his
Design
;
which
,
that
it
might
prosper
,
was
to
be
enterprized
in
this
manner
,
as
he
had
before
contrived
in
his
Imagination
:
There
was
a
necessity
that
he
must
for
the
present
dissemble
the
Change
of
his
Religion
,
of
which
nevertheless
he
assured
him
,
that
he
would
turn
Mahometan
;
as
also
,
that
it
was
necessary
that
he
should
conceal
his
implacable
Hatred
to
his
Enemy
,
by
pretending
a
perfect
Reconciliation
with
him
,
that
so
he
might
more
easily
destroy
him
,
when
he
should
not
have
the
least
suspition
of
him
.
And
therefore
Saladin
,
who
also
had
his
design
to
deceive
him
,
after
he
had
made
use
of
him
for
his
own
Project
,
having
highly
applauded
and
approved
of
his
Artifice
;
this
Traytor
,
seeming
to
have
recovered
his
Transports
,
and
now
to
be
a
true
Penitent
,
acted
with
so
much
Cunning
,
and
so
deep
Dissimulation
,
that
by
the
Mediation
of
some
of
the
principal
Lords
who
were
of
his
Confederacy
,
and
not
in
the
least
suspected
by
the
King
,
he
made
his
Peace
with
that
poor
Prince
,
who
was
ravished
with
Joy
to
think
that
now
he
had
nothing
more
to
fear
from
an
Enemy
so
potent
and
dangerous
;
who
,
being
now
reconciled
,
and
returned
to
his
Duty
,
might
make
him
also
hope
to
receive
considerable
Services
from
him
.
Thus
did
he
,
as
it
were
,
deliver
himself
bound
,
Hand
and
Foot
,
into
the
Power
of
his
mortal
Enemy
,
who
had
sworn
his
Ruin
,
and
who
had
already
sold
him
to
Saladin
:
For
Raymond
,
who
had
married
Eschina
,
the
Princess
of
Galilee
,
the
Widow
of
the
Count
de
Bures
,
the
Constable
of
the
Kingdom
,
which
was
the
Daughter
of
Hugh
de
St.
Omer
,
to
whom
King
Baldwin
had
given
that
Principality
,
was
by
that
Marriage
,
possessed
of
it
;
and
having
for
the
purpose
,
after
his
secret
Treaty
with
Saladin
,
year
1186
placed
a
very
weak
Garrison
there
,
he
advertised
him
to
enter
by
that
way
into
the
Kingdom
.
This
the
Conqueror
salled
not
to
do
;
and
having
first
defeated
the
Troops
of
the
Templers
and
Hospitaliers
,
upon
the
first
Day
of
May
,
in
a
Combat
wherein
the
Master
of
the
Hospital
and
sixty
of
the
bravest
Knights
sell
upon
the
place
,
he
easily
scized
upon
the
greatest
part
of
the
considerable
Towns
,
which
were
left
in
a
manner
wholly
desenceless
.
And
following
the
Advice
which
he
received
from
Count
Raymond
,
after
his
Accommodation
with
the
King
,
he
besieged
Tiberias
,
since
called
Tabary
,
with
an
Army
of
above
fourscore
thousand
Horse
,
and
a
great
number
of
Foot
.
This
was
a
fair
and
great
Town
,
anciently
called
Cenerth
,
situate
upon
the
West
of
the
great
Lake
of
Cenesareth
,
or
the
Sea
of
Galilee
,
which
Herod
the
Tetrarch
,
after
he
had
magnificently
rebuilt
it
,
and
sortified
it
with
strong
Walls
,
and
good
Towers
,
had
given
to
it
the
Name
of
Tiberias
,
after
the
Name
of
the
Roman
Emperor
then
reigning
.
Now
the
Earl
having
left
a
very
slender
Garrison
there
,
Saladin
attacked
it
without
any
difficulty
,
and
took
it
;
all
that
the
Princess
Eschina
,
who
knew
nothing
of
the
Treason
of
her
Husband
,
was
able
to
do
,
being
to
save
her self
by
retiring
into
the
Fortress
,
with
those
sew
Soldiers
which
she
had
to
defend
it
,
in
Expectation
of
the
Succours
,
which
she
sent
instantly
to
desire
from
the
King
.
Upon
this
News
,
the
Council
was
divided
in
their
Opinions
.
The
more
Wise
and
Prudent
were
utterly
against
attempting
to
relieve
the
place
by
main
Force
,
in
regard
,
That
this
could
not
be
done
,
but
by
drawing
the
Garrisons
out
of
the
other
Cities
,
to
re-inforce
the
Army
,
which
,
without
them
,
was
too
weak
to
undertake
so
great
an
Enterprise
;
and
that
this
was
,
in
effect
,
to
expose
the
whole
Realm
to
inevitable
Ruin
,
in
case
they
should
lose
the
Battel
.
But
the
Earl
of
Tripolis
,
who
would
not
lose
so
fair
an
Opportunity
to
accomplish
his
Treason
,
vehemently
opposed
that
Opinion
;
and
maintained
,
That
there
was
an
absolute
necessity
to
endeavour
the
Relief
of
the
Fortress
of
Tiberias
:
That
it
was
to
lose
all
,
to
lose
their
Honour
,
by
suffering
the
Princess
,
his
Wife
,
who
so
bravely
defended
it
,
to
perish
,
whilst
they
stood
cowardly
looking
on
:
And
that
all
the
other
Cities
despairing
,
after
such
an
Example
,
to
be
relieved
,
would
instantly
surrender
to
the
Conquerors
,
and
follow
the
Fortune
of
Tiberias
,
if
it
should
be
taken
.
And
for
any
thing
else
,
in
drawing
out
the
Garrisons
from
the
Cities
,
they
should
thereby
have
so
good
an
Army
,
and
so
numerous
,
that
there
could
not
be
any
room
for
Fear
,
but
that
they
should
beat
that
Enemy
,
whom
they
had
so
often
vanquished
with
far
less
Forces
.
The
four
Sons
also
of
the
Princess
Eschina
;
which
she
had
by
her
first
Husband
,
made
a
mighty
Noise
;
and
with
repeated
Instances
,
demanded
Relief
to
be
sent
to
their
Mother
.
The
Queen
Sybilla
also
employed
for
this
purpose
,
all
the
Power
which
she
had
over
the
Spirit
of
the
King
,
her
Husband
,
who
was
indeed
her
Creature
.
So
that
,
in
conclusion
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
Lords
inclining
to
this
Opinion
;
some
out
of
Complaisance
to
the
Queen
,
others
out
of
Service
to
the
four
Princes
of
Tiberias
,
and
divers
out
of
the
design
which
Count
Raymond
had
secretly
communicated
to
them
;
it
was
resolved
,
that
they
should
march
directly
against
the
Enemies
,
with
all
the
Forces
which
they
could
draw
out
of
the
Garrisons
;
where
none
were
to
be
lest
,
but
such
as
were
incapable
of
bearing
Arms.
And
thus
with
these
Troops
,
which
were
composed
of
a
great
many
Men
,
and
a
few
Soldiers
;
the
Army
consisting
in
twelve
thousand
Horse
,
and
twenty
thousand
Foot
,
besides
the
Citizens
,
who
were
compelled
by
Force
to
serve
in
the
War
,
they
advanced
towards
Tiberias
.
Now
as
Raymond
,
who
in
Right
of
the
Princess
,
his
Lady
,
was
Prince
of
Galilee
,
was
better
acquainted
with
the
Country
than
the
rest
;
and
that
he
was
not
only
esteemed
a
great
Soldier
,
but
that
he
seemed
also
to
have
the
greatest
Interest
in
the
Victory
,
which
was
to
deliver
the
Person
which
ought
to
be
the
dearest
to
him
,
the
Conduct
of
the
Army
was
unanimously
committed
to
him
.
That
perfidious
Traytor
,
who
gave
secret
Advertisement
of
all
things
to
the
Enemies
,
unfortunately
,
or
rather
maliciously
engaged
them
in
a
rude
and
steril
Country
,
among
the
Straits
of
the
Rocks
and
Mountains
,
where
there
was
neither
Water
nor
Forrage
.
The
Enemies
,
who
only
waited
for
this
lucky
Minute
,
failed
not
to
encompass
them
with
their
Troops
,
which
were
far
more
numerous
,
after
the
same
manner
that
the
Romans
had
some
time
been
inclosed
in
the
Furcae
Caudinae
,
year
1187
which
were
not
more
Famous
by
the
Shameful
Ignomony
into
which
the
ignorance
and
the
Temerity
of
their
Captains
there
precipitated
their
Soldiers
,
then
these
Straits
,
for
the
deplorable
Overthrow
of
the
Christian
Army
,
which
was
betrayed
into
the
Hands
of
the
Infidels
by
the
baseness
of
their
Perfidious
Conductor
.
It
was
now
high
Summer
,
in
the
beginning
of
July
,
when
the
Heats
of
that
Burning
Climate
are
most
insupportable
:
and
there
was
not
one
Drop
of
Water
to
be
found
among
those
Rocks
,
so
that
the
Men
and
Horses
died
with
Thirst
,
and
were
able
to
do
no
more
;
there
was
therefore
a
Necessity
of
resolving
immediately
to
sight
the
Enemy
.
For
though
the
Disadvantage
was
very
great
by
reason
that
it
was
impossible
to
draw
up
the
Army
in
Battalia
,
in
a
Post
which
was
so
uneven
and
so
strait
and
broken
with
Rocks
,
that
they
could
not
attack
the
Enemy
,
but
by
filing
off
,
yet
it
was
impossible
to
avoid
that
Choice
;
the
Army
was
divided
into
a
great
many
Bodies
commanded
by
the
Principal
Lords
,
who
were
to
follow
one
another
,
who
were
to
sustain
there
Companions
,
and
who
were
reciprocally
to
be
sustained
by
those
which
followed
them
.
The
Enemies
expected
them
in
good
Order
to
cut
them
off
,
as
they
marched
in
these
long
Files
,
before
they
should
have
Leisure
to
form
themselves
into
Squadrons
upon
the
Plain
,
to
give
them
Battle
.
The
great
Master
of
the
Temple
who
chose
to
have
the
Van
with
his
Noble
Knights
,
advanced
first
,
and
charged
so
furiously
upon
those
Enemies
which
opposed
him
,
that
overturning
them
upon
those
who
followed
them
he
put
them
into
Disorder
,
insomuch
that
these
Gallant
men
,
who
fought
most
Valiantly
after
the
Example
of
their
Captain
,
killing
,
overturning
,
or
putting
to
flight
all
that
durst
oppose
their
first
Fury
,
had
they
been
sustained
by
the
other
Bodies
,
who
had
Order
to
follow
them
,
the
whole
Army
might
with
little
Difficulty
have
been
drawn
from
that
disadvantageous
Post
,
and
have
had
the
Liberty
of
sighting
in
the
Plain
Field
,
where
they
would
doubtless
have
been
able
to
have
hoped
or
however
disputed
for
the
Victory
;
but
here
it
was
that
the
detestable
Treason
of
the
Perfidious
Earl
of
Tripolis
made
it self
most
infamously
Visible
;
For
he
had
so
ordered
the
Matter
,
that
he
himself
commanded
that
Body
which
was
to
follow
the
Templers
,
and
he
had
also
disposed
the
other
Troops
in
such
manner
,
that
all
the
Lords
who
were
of
his
Party
were
to
follow
him
.
Now
these
Traytors
would
not
advance
,
alledging
that
this
was
to
lead
their
Souldiers
to
a
perfect
Butchery
,
to
quit
their
advantageous
Post
and
to
march
them
thus
in
Files
into
the
Plain
,
which
was
all
covered
with
the
Battalions
and
squadrons
of
the
Enemies
,
who
must
needs
cut
them
all
in
Pieces
,
taking
them
thus
without
Trouble
one
after
another
:
So
that
these
brave
Knights
,
infamously
abandoned
by
their
Reserves
,
and
on
every
side
surrounded
by
an
innumerable
Multitude
of
Sarasins
were
all
either
slain
upon
the
Place
,
or
taken
Prisoners
,
not
so
much
as
one
of
them
escaping
.
After
this
Defeat
,
Saladin
seeing
that
no
more
durst
advance
to
the
Combat
,
approached
to
the
Camp
of
the
Christians
,
which
yet
he
would
not
adventure
to
attack
;
but
that
he
might
complete
their
Dispair
by
taking
from
them
all
Appearance
of
a
Possibility
to
draw
themselves
out
of
that
wicked
Strait
,
he
caused
Fires
to
be
made
in
the
Woods
,
which
invironed
the
greatest
Parts
of
those
Rocks
,
and
set
strong
Guards
upon
all
the
other
Avenues
,
that
so
he
might
sight
them
with
greater
Advantage
if
they
should
endeavour
to
Retreat
,
But
six
Fugitives
,
who
run
to
his
Army
,
and
to
gain
Credence
with
him
,
offered
to
become
Sarasins
,
as
they
presently
did
,
having
assured
him
that
the
Christian
Soldiers
were
half
dead
with
Hunger
and
Thirst
,
and
under
the
greatest
Consternation
,
so
oppressed
with
their
Misfortune
,
Weariness
and
Despair
that
they
were
scarce
able
to
stand
or
go
;
upon
this
Advice
he
instantly
resolved
to
Charge
them
;
which
he
did
with
that
Success
,
that
his
Army
powering
in
upon
them
by
the
Straits
which
the
Christians
had
abandoned
,
they
fell
upon
these
miserable
People
,
who
were
crouded
together
,
and
who
had
neither
Courage
to
defend
themselves
,
nor
Power
to
fly
cross
the
Flames
and
the
Rocks
,
that
it
was
no
longer
a
Combat
,
but
a
Horrible
Butchery
and
Slaughter
:
So
that
almost
all
the
Captains
and
Christian
Soldiers
,
either
perished
in
this
miserable
Day
,
or
were
taken
Prisoners
.
Few
there
were
who
saved
themselves
by
Flight
,
year
1187
except
the
Perfidious
Raymond
and
his
Complices
,
whom
the
Turks
permitted
to
escape
.
The
King
seeing
that
all
was
lost
,
thought
to
have
saved
himself
by
flying
,
but
Tokedin
the
Nephew
of
Saladin
pursued
him
so
quick
that
he
took
him
Prisoner
,
as
also
the
true
Cross
,
which
Rufin
the
Bishop
of
Ptolemais
,
according
to
the
Custom
,
carried
that
Day
in
the
Battle
.
That
Bishop
was
armed
with
a
Curiass
contrary
to
the
manner
of
all
the
other
Prelates
,
who
before
him
had
carried
that
Holy
Wood
unarmed
,
not
so
much
as
one
of
them
having
even
been
wounded
,
whereas
he
notwithstanding
his
Armour
,
was
shot
quite
through
the
Body
with
an
Arrow
,
wherewith
he
lost
both
his
life
and
the
Cross
which
he
carried
.
Tokedin
,
who
took
it
,
when
he
brought
the
King
a
Prisoner
before
his
Uncle
,
presented
that
also
to
him
as
the
most
Glorious
Trophy
of
his
Victory
.
There
never
was
any
Victory
,
more
sad
and
deplorable
to
the
Vanquished
or
more
complete
and
advantageous
to
the
Vanquishers
;
a
Victory
which
made
the
Conquerors
Masters
of
all
the
rich
Equipage
of
so
many
Princes
and
great
Lords
,
as
were
either
Slain
or
taken
in
that
Battle
.
And
as
Saladin
had
a
mortal
Hatred
to
the
Knights
of
the
two
Orders
,
of
the
Temple
and
the
Hospital
of
Jerusalem
,
he
caused
the
Heads
of
all
of
them
who
were
found
among
the
Prisoners
to
be
cut
off
in
his
Presence
,
excepting
only
the
great
Master
of
the
Temple
;
so
that
he
almost
extinguished
the
whole
Orders
of
them
that
were
in
Palestine
,
for
not
one
of
these
Valiant
men
had
once
offered
to
fly
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
them
perished
Nobly
with
their
Swords
in
their
Hands
during
the
Combat
.
He
also
with
his
own
hand
slew
the
Brave
Renaud
de
Chattillon
,
who
after
having
a
long
time
governed
the
Principality
of
Antioch
,
the
Heiress
whereof
,
the
Princess
Constantia
,
he
had
married
,
was
since
that
Governour
of
the
Countries
beyond
Jordan
,
where
he
had
so
often
arrested
the
Course
and
of
Saladin's
Victories
.
This
Prince
who
otherwise
was
a
Person
of
great
Humanity
,
when
his
Anger
did
not
transport
him
beyond
his
Reason
,
yet
could
not
bear
with
this
Valiant
man
,
who
being
by
him
briskly
and
with
a
little
insulting
over
his
Misfortunes
,
demanded
some
Questions
,
answered
him
with
an
Air
as
Fierce
and
Haughty
as
the
other
spoke
to
him
,
insomuch
that
the
Liberty
which
he
ought
to
have
admired
in
a
man
,
whose
Courage
neither
his
Misfortune
nor
his
Chains
could
abate
,
provoked
him
to
that
Degree
that
forgetting
himself
,
he
cut
of
his
Head
with
a
Blow
of
his
Cimiter
,
dishonouring
his
Victory
by
that
Brutal
Action
,
which
was
so
altogether
unworthy
of
so
great
a
man
as
he
otherwise
was
.
And
thus
by
this
unmanly
Action
he
made
it
appear
,
that
it
was
more
difficult
to
vanquish
himself
than
to
overcome
his
Enemies
.
As
for
the
rest
,
whether
it
were
that
he
repented
of
so
shameful
and
cruel
a
Transport
,
or
that
his
Avarice
opposed
his
Cruelty
;
the
Fear
that
he
had
to
lose
so
many
great
Ransoms
,
which
he
might
expect
from
such
considerable
Prisoners
,
made
him
treat
them
with
extraordinary
Civility
,
especially
the
King
,
the
Great
Master
of
the
Temple
,
and
the
old
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
the
Father-in-Law
of
Queen
Sybilla
,
who
being
come
a
little
before
to
Visit
the
Holy
Places
would
needs
make
one
in
that
unfortunate
Battle
.
But
this
was
the
smallest
Fruit
which
Saladin
drew
from
the
gaining
of
this
Memorable
Day
;
for
being
a
great
Captain
,
as
able
,
dexterous
and
diligent
in
making
the
best
of
a
Victory
,
as
he
was
Valiant
and
happy
in
gaining
it
;
and
that
he
knew
that
the
greatest
part
of
the
Cities
were
in
a
manner
destitute
of
Garrisons
,
and
without
Defence
;
he
therefore
immediately
marched
and
presented
his
Victorious
Army
before
Ptolemais
,
a
fair
and
flourishing
City
whose
Haven
was
Necessary
to
receive
the
Fleet
which
was
to
come
to
him
from
Egypt
.
There
were
no
Soldiers
in
the
City
,
all
those
which
had
been
in
Garrison
having
been
drawn
out
to
recruit
the
Army
,
where
they
perished
in
that
fatal
Battle
,
and
after
so
great
a
Loss
,
there
was
no
Expectation
of
any
Succour
for
them
;
so
that
though
it
was
a
mighty
strong
Place
,
yet
it
was
surrendred
to
him
in
two
days
,
upon
the
Assurance
which
he
gave
to
the
Native
Inhabitants
,
that
he
would
treat
them
most
favourably
,
and
that
the
Latins
should
have
Liberty
to
retire
whither
they
pleased
,
and
that
there
should
not
be
the
least
Injury
offered
either
to
their
Persons
or
Goods
,
which
they
might
carry
away
with
them
.
He
did
most
exactly
keep
his
Word
with
them
;
and
the
Reputation
which
he
had
gained
,
of
being
a
just
,
merciful
and
Generous
Prince
,
year
1187
together
with
the
Inability
which
the
other
Cities
found
to
defend
themselves
,
all
the
Forces
of
the
Kingdom
being
so
imprudently
exposed
upon
one
single
Hazzard
where
they
all
perished
,
was
the
Reason
,
that
in
less
than
three
Months
all
the
other
Cities
except
Tyre
,
Ascalon
and
Jerusalem
yielded
and
submitted
themselves
to
the
Will
of
the
Conqueror
.
He
made
some
little
Offer
to
besiege
Ascalon
;
but
seeing
that
Place
,
which
was
as
the
Bulwork
of
the
Realm
against
Egypt
,
was
extraordinary
strong
and
well
defended
,
he
was
in
the
Opinion
,
that
if
he
must
imploy
his
Forces
against
these
three
Cities
which
remainded
yet
untaken
,
it
was
much
better
to
begin
with
the
Capital
City
:
For
he
well
hoped
that
after
the
taking
of
that
the
two
others
,
seeing
themselves
separated
from
one
another
,
at
the
two
Extremities
of
the
Kingdom
,
would
quickly
follow
the
Fortune
of
Jerusalem
.
It
was
then
about
the
middle
of
September
that
Saladin
came
to
encamp
before
Jerusalem
,
with
the
most
powerful
and
numerous
Army
that
he
had
ever
before
had
;
sierce
with
his
Victories
and
rich
with
the
Spoils
of
the
Vanquished
,
and
despising
the
pitiful
Remainders
of
those
who
were
shut
up
in
the
Capital
City
,
which
he
looked
upon
as
the
End
of
his
Labours
and
the
Subject
of
his
Future
Triumph
.
There
was
in
the
City
,
the
Queen
Sybilla
,
the
patriarch
Heraclius
,
and
Renaud
Lord
of
Sidon
or
Sajetta
,
who
escaped
from
the
Battle
,
and
was
suspected
to
be
a
Accomplice
in
the
Treason
of
Count
Raymond
.
And
that
which
without
doubt
was
a
very
unlucky
Presage
to
this
poor
City
,
was
,
that
besides
the
frighted
Citizens
who
trembled
to
see
such
a
formidable
Enemy
at
their
Gates
,
there
were
but
a
very
inconsiderable
Number
of
Soldiers
who
had
escaped
the
Defeat
;
and
the
Inhabitants
of
the
little
Villages
and
Neighbouring
Burroughs
who
were
come
thither
for
Refuge
.
Saladin
immediately
caused
the
Besieged
to
be
summoned
to
surrender
the
City
,
proposing
to
them
Examples
of
others
,
who
had
experienced
his
Clemency
,
Equity
,
and
that
inviolable
Fidelity
with
which
he
always
kept
his
Word
and
Promise
.
He
promised
them
also
,
that
besides
those
advantageous
Conditions
which
he
had
granted
to
others
,
and
which
he
offered
to
them
,
he
would
confer
greater
Favours
upon
them
,
he
would
maintain
the
Priviledges
,
the
Honours
and
the
Dignities
which
they
injoyed
under
their
Kings
.
These
were
honourable
Terms
,
and
though
the
Defendants
had
not
overmuch
Courage
,
yet
they
had
some
Shame
left
to
prevent
their
yielding
so
soon
.
So
that
an
Answer
was
given
like
men
of
Bravery
,
that
they
were
resolved
to
defend
the
Place
to
the
last
Extremities
.
But
this
Courage
was
not
lasting
being
but
counterfeit
.
For
Saladin
having
for
ten
days
together
made
continual
false
Attacks
upon
the
West
,
to
draw
thither
the
greatest
Number
of
the
Defendants
,
did
at
the
same
time
batter
the
Walls
,
where
they
were
weakest
and
almost
ruinous
upon
the
North
Part
of
the
City
:
So
that
having
made
a
large
Breach
,
and
that
they
saw
he
was
now
preparing
for
a
General
Assault
,
the
Besieged
sent
out
to
him
to
capitulate
upon
the
Fourteenth
day
of
the
Siege
.
Saladin
,
who
was
determined
to
take
,
not
to
ruin
the
City
,
admitted
the
Treaty
and
at
last
it
was
finished
though
with
Conditions
much
less
favourable
and
advantageous
then
those
which
they
were
offered
before
.
For
now
he
was
resolved
that
every
own
should
redeem
his
Liberty
,
by
paying
a
certain
Imposition
or
Poll-Money
according
to
the
difference
of
Ages
and
Conditions
.
That
all
the
Franks
and
Latins
with
such
as
were
descended
from
them
,
should
depart
the
City
,
and
not
be
suffered
to
carry
away
any
more
of
their
Goods
then
what
they
could
bear
upon
their
Backs
.
And
that
no
Christians
except
Greeks
,
Syrians
,
Armenians
and
Jacobites
,
should
for
the
Future
be
permitted
to
inhabit
there
.
There
never
was
a
Spectacle
more
moving
or
more
lamentable
,
then
to
see
so
many
People
of
all
sorts
of
Conditions
constrained
to
quit
the
Holy
City
,
which
their
Fathers
had
so
gloriously
conquered
;
and
for
which
they
never
before
had
that
Tenderness
and
Passion
as
now
that
they
must
leave
it
:
But
this
is
the
usual
Folly
of
Mankind
,
that
they
rarely
perfectly
know
the
Good
things
which
they
possess
with
Ease
,
till
they
are
upon
the
Point
of
relinquishing
them
for
ever
.
During
the
whole
Night
,
which
was
to
usher
in
that
Gloomy
day
of
parting
,
nothing
was
to
be
heard
,
but
the
Groans
,
the
Lamentations
,
and
the
Howlings
of
Despair
,
year
1187
the
piteous
Cries
of
the
Women
and
Children
,
the
men
,
the
Youths
and
the
Aged
,
who
deplored
the
Misfortune
of
the
Holy
City
which
was
now
to
be
delivered
into
the
Hands
of
the
Infidels
,
and
their
one
Exile
,
which
in
those
sad
Moments
,
they
could
not
but
look
upon
as
the
greatest
of
their
Punishments
.
Above
all
it
was
the
Greatest
Difficulty
for
them
to
leave
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
which
they
bedewed
with
their
Tears
,
and
gave
it
those
last
Kisses
,
which
were
to
bid
it
eternally
farewel
.
Then
was
to
be
seen
the
weeping
Mothers
loaden
with
their
little
Infants
,
who
must
now
march
out
before
they
could
go
;
the
Husbands
supporting
them
with
one
Hand
,
and
with
the
other
leading
those
which
were
but
just
able
to
go
;
the
stronger
carrying
on
their
Backs
,
those
whom
either
Age
or
Weakness
had
made
impotent
;
and
the
Remainder
every
one
carrying
the
Money
and
the
most
portable
of
their
best
Moveables
which
they
had
,
in
this
Order
marched
out
of
the
City
,
every
one
loaden
with
something
which
either
Nature
or
Piety
,
Necessity
or
Charity
obliged
them
to
take
Care
of
.
In
this
time
Saladin
,
who
would
not
make
his
Entry
into
the
City
till
all
the
Franks
and
Latins
were
departed
,
obliged
them
by
his
Presence
to
make
the
more
hast
;
for
such
was
the
Vanity
of
this
Proud
and
insulting
Conqueror
,
that
he
would
himself
assist
at
this
deplorable
Spectacle
,
which
he
considered
as
one
of
the
fairest
Flowers
in
his
Triumphant
Gerland
.
The
Patriarch
with
all
the
Clergy
of
Jerusalem
marched
first
,
in
a
Condition
far
different
from
that
wherein
he
was
accustomed
to
appear
upon
the
solemn
days
,
with
the
sacred
Wood
of
the
true
Cross
,
which
the
Emperor
Heraclius
had
formerly
recovered
from
the
Infidels
,
and
which
was
now
unhappily
newly
fallen
into
their
Hands
again
,
under
this
unfortunate
Prelate
Heraclius
,
according
to
the
Remark
which
was
pubickly
made
by
one
upon
him
,
who
justly
reproached
him
with
the
Disorders
of
his
Life
,
so
little
conformable
to
the
Sanctity
of
his
Character
.
After
him
came
the
Queen
Sybilla
,
accompanied
with
the
two
little
Princesses
,
her
Daughters
,
and
all
the
People
of
Quality
.
Saladin
who
was
Civil
and
Courteous
,
much
above
what
could
be
expected
from
one
of
his
Nation
,
who
generally
were
not
guilty
of
being
over
polished
in
their
Manners
,
descended
from
his
Throne
,
and
receiving
her
with
abundance
of
Honour
and
Respect
,
gave
her
all
the
Consolation
she
was
capable
of
in
her
great
Misfortune
;
by
the
Hopes
which
he
made
her
entertain
of
the
Liberty
of
her
Husband
,
upon
a
reasonable
Composition
.
He
also
,
according
to
his
Promise
,
gave
her
a
good
Convoy
to
conduct
her
and
her
whole
Retinue
to
Ascalon
,
whither
she
resolved
to
retire
.
After
this
he
saw
the
Common
People
pass
bye
,
whose
sad
Equipage
and
miserable
Condition
,
and
above
all
the
Woful
Cries
of
some
Women
,
touched
him
so
nearly
,
that
the
Generous
Compassion
which
he
had
,
made
him
in
this
Rencounter
,
do
an
Action
,
which
the
Roman
Historians
would
have
judged
worthy
of
the
Vertue
of
the
Heroes
of
Ancient
Rome
.
For
as
in
this
general
Grief
and
Sorrow
,
which
sadly
appeared
through
the
whole
Company
of
these
poor
afflicted
Exiles
,
he
observed
that
the
Women
and
the
young
Ladies
of
Quality
,
as
well
as
the
rest
,
who
had
nothing
of
the
noble
Air
,
beheld
him
after
a
manner
infinitely
touching
,
whilest
with
piteous
Cryes
,
and
their
Hands
stretched
out
towards
his
Throne
,
they
seemed
in
that
posture
of
Suppliants
to
beg
some
Favor
from
him
;
whereupon
he
commanded
all
the
Company
to
stop
,
and
sent
to
know
of
these
Ladies
,
what
it
was
which
they
desired
of
him
.
They
returned
in
Answer
,
that
besides
the
Subject
of
their
Sadness
and
Affliction
,
which
was
common
to
them
,
with
the
rest
of
their
Nation
,
who
were
turned
out
of
their
Habitations
,
and
this
beloved
City
,
they
had
something
which
was
more
particular
,
having
lost
in
the
Battle
of
Tiberias
,
some
their
Husbands
,
others
their
Fathers
or
near
Relations
,
who
possibly
might
be
in
the
number
of
the
Captives
:
They
therefore
most
humbly
Requested
of
his
Majesty
,
that
he
would
not
deprive
them
of
that
last
Refuge
which
they
had
,
after
the
loss
of
their
Estates
,
in
the
Persons
of
those
who
were
so
dear
unto
them
,
and
so
necessary
to
them
in
that
Extremity
of
Misery
and
Poverty
,
to
which
they
now
found
themselves
reduced
.
Whereupon
that
generous
Prince
,
who
had
nothing
Barbarous
except
his
Birth
,
when
his
Choler
,
to
which
he
was
too
much
a
Subject
,
permitted
him
to
be
himself
,
was
so
nearly
touched
with
the
Words
,
and
the
Tears
of
these
poor
afflicted
Ladies
,
year
1187
that
he
instantly
commanded
,
that
diligent
Search
should
be
made
among
the
Prisoners
,
and
that
such
as
they
named
,
if
they
were
found
there
,
should
be
imediately
set
at
Liberty
,
and
bestowed
upon
their
Intercessions
and
their
charming
Tears
:
and
while
this
was
doing
,
he
had
the
Civility
to
Discourse
with
them
with
mighty
Sweetness
and
Humanity
,
giving
them
Consolation
for
their
Losses
,
and
exhorting
them
courageously
to
suffer
the
Disgraces
and
Capri●i●es
of
Fortune
,
which
is
not
less
constant
in
her
Persecutions
to
those
who
are
in
Adversity
,
than
Prodigal
in
conferring
her
Favors
upon
the
Prosperous
.
And
that
he
might
comfort
them
like
a
great
Prince
,
he
accompanied
the
sweetness
of
his
Words
with
the
Effects
of
a
Royal
Bounty
;
making
every
one
of
these
young
Ladies
magnificent
Presents
proportionable
to
their
several
Qualities
,
thereby
puting
them
into
a
Condition
,
not
to
have
much
reason
to
complain
of
the
Severity
of
their
Fortune
.
This
without
all
doubt
was
a
most
great
and
Heroick
Action
,
which
of
it self
was
very
Glorious
,
but
it
appeared
much
more
advantageously
afterwards
,
by
being
opposed
to
the
barbarous
Brutality
of
the
Earl
of
Tripolis
,
which
cannot
be
sufficiently
detested
;
for
having
lost
all
manner
of
Sentiments
of
Virtue
and
Humanity
,
which
he
seemed
to
have
renounced
with
his
Religion
,
he
by
the
most
barbarous
Avarice
,
so
soon
as
these
poor
Exiles
were
arrived
at
Tripolis
,
caused
to
be
taken
from
them
all
that
little
which
the
Turks
had
left
them
;
which
reduced
them
to
that
furious
Dispair
,
that
a
Woman
among
the
rest
,
from
whom
he
had
Ravished
by
this
horrible
Robbery
,
all
that
she
had
,
except
a
little
Insant
which
she
carried
upon
her
Shoulders
,
took
the
poor
Babe
,
and
to
secure
it
from
the
Jaws
of
inevitable
Famine
,
transported
with
Rage
and
Fury
,
she
threw
it
into
the
Sea
,
in
the
Presence
of
this
Apostate
and
unnatural
Earl
,
upon
whom
she
discharged
a
thousand
terrible
Imprecations
,
to
draw
down
from
Heaven
the
just
Vengeance
of
God
upon
him
.
Nor
was
it
long
deferred
,
for
presently
after
,
this
unfortunate
Prince
met
with
the
Punishment
due
to
his
horrible
Crimes
,
to
the
Load
of
which
he
had
now
added
this
last
.
The
manner
was
thus
;
presently
after
the
taking
of
Jerusalem
,
finding
that
his
Subjects
had
a
Horrour
and
Detestation
of
him
,
and
that
Saladin
,
was
so
far
from
bestowing
upon
him
the
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
,
as
he
had
promised
,
and
made
him
hope
,
that
he
would
now
take
Tripolis
also
,
from
him
;
he
fell
into
such
a
Grief
,
or
rather
Rage
,
that
running
stark
Mad
and
Distracted
,
he
presently
after
his
Wits
,
lost
also
his
execrable
Life
.
A
rare
and
fearful
Example
,
which
plainly
instructs
us
,
that
though
Treason
may
be
for
some
time
advantageous
to
those
in
Favour
of
whom
it
is
committed
,
yet
it
never
fails
to
render
the
Traitors
Odious
and
Insupportable
;
and
that
God
himself
,
where
Men
either
cannot
,
or
will
not
punish
it
,
commonly
makes
the
Effects
of
it
fall
by
some
extraordinary
and
remarkable
Stroak
of
his
Justice
,
upon
the
persidious
Heads
of
those
who
are
guilty
of
that
abominable
Crime
,
which
in
effect
,
while
it
strikes
at
his
imediate
Vicegerents
upon
Earth
,
is
an
Affront
to
his
supreme
Majesty
,
who
hath
intrusted
them
with
the
Government
of
the
World
.
Saladin
,
after
the
departure
of
the
Franks
,
was
resolved
to
enter
into
Jerusalem
in
Triumph
,
which
accordingly
he
did
,
with
all
the
Pomp
and
Magnificence
,
which
he
believed
was
most
proper
to
heighten
the
Lustre
of
his
Victory
,
and
the
Conquest
over
all
the
East
.
He
therefore
entred
it
in
the
middle
of
his
Army
,
which
was
inriched
with
the
Spoils
of
the
Vanquished
,
and
the
Rewards
with
which
this
Conqueror
,
who
gave
away
almost
all
to
his
Soldiers
,
was
pleased
to
honour
them
.
He
was
followed
by
the
captive
King
,
who
by
a
strange
Reverse
of
his
Fortune
,
appeared
a
Slave
in
the
same
City
,
where
but
a
few
Months
before
he
had
commanded
upon
the
Throne
;
then
came
the
great
Master
of
the
Temple
;
the
old
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
and
the
Constable
,
with
other
great
Lords
of
the
Realm
,
who
were
taken
Prisoners
at
the
Battle
of
Tiberias
;
and
last
of
all
,
by
twenty
thousand
Prisoners
which
he
had
taken
in
diverse
Rencounters
,
and
which
after
his
Triumph
were
sent
in
Fetters
to
Damascus
.
The
first
thing
which
he
did
,
after
he
saw
himself
Master
of
Jerusalem
,
was
to
abolish
all
the
Marks
of
Christian
Religion
in
the
Temple
of
Salomon
,
where
,
after
he
had
caused
it
to
be
washed
with
Rose-water
mingled
with
common
Water
,
year
1187
as
it
were
to
purify
it
,
he
went
to
make
his
Prayers
to
Mahomet
,
to
return
Thanks
to
God
for
his
Victory
.
The
other
Churches
were
most
horribly
pro●●●ed
by
the
Soldiers
,
who
after
having
plundred
them
,
turned
them
into
Stables
,
and
committed
a
thousand
Outrages
against
the
Cross
,
which
they
sacrilegiously
dragged
through
the
Streets
,
from
the
Temple
to
the
Tower
of
David
.
It
is
said
however
,
that
Saladin
had
no
share
in
these
Disorders
,
and
that
he
seemed
not
to
know
of
them
,
in
regard
it
was
difficult
for
him
to
have
hindred
them
:
But
he
absolutely
prohibited
any
manner
of
Injury
to
be
done
to
the
Church
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
either
because
he
had
a
real
Veneration
for
Jesus
Christ
,
whom
the
Mahometans
acknowledged
for
a
great
Profit
;
or
that
he
was
not
willing
to
deprive
himself
of
so
great
a
Gain
as
he
hoped
would
redound
to
him
from
the
Devotion
of
the
Pilgrims
,
who
undertook
that
Voyage
,
to
pay
their
Duty
at
the
sacred
Monument
of
their
Lord
and
God
.
For
he
obliged
the
Syrians
with
a
great
summ
of
Money
to
redeem
that
Holy
Church
,
to
whom
he
left
it
intirely
,
after
he
had
first
despoiled
it
of
all
the
rich
Ornaments
,
and
the
precious
Vessels
,
which
the
Christian
Princes
had
there
offered
.
He
also
afterward
published
an
Edict
,
by
which
he
forbid
all
Persons
to
disturb
the
Christians
in
their
Devotions
,
or
to
do
any
thing
contrary
to
the
Honour
which
was
due
to
that
Church
.
He
further
set
at
Liberty
abundance
of
Captives
,
and
commanded
that
all
the
Infirm
and
Sick
Persons
which
were
in
the
famous
Hospitals
of
Jerusalem
,
should
be
entertained
and
attended
there
as
formerly
,
where
he
also
left
all
the
Friars
Servitors
of
the
Hospitals
to
take
care
of
them
;
which
ought
to
render
the
Name
and
Memory
of
this
Insidel
Prince
Glorious
,
whether
it
were
that
it
proceeded
from
the
natural
Goodness
of
his
Soul
,
or
that
he
made
use
of
it
as
a
certain
kind
of
Policy
to
win
upon
the
Hearts
of
the
Christians
his
new
Subjects
.
Thus
Jerusalem
,
which
had
been
so
happily
delivered
from
the
Tyranny
of
the
Sarasins
by
the
Princes
of
the
first
Crusade
,
under
the
Pontificate
of
Vrban
the
Second
,
and
governed
by
nine
Christian
Kings
,
all
French
either
by
Birth
or
Extraction
,
for
the
space
of
fourscore
and
eight
Years
,
from
Godfrey
of
Bullen
to
Guy
of
Lusignan
,
was
again
taken
by
the
Barbarians
in
the
Popedom
of
Vrban
the
Third
,
and
reduced
under
the
Power
of
Saladin
.
And
not
long
after
,
Queen
Sybilla
surrendred
unto
him
the
strong
City
of
Ascalon
,
for
the
deliverance
of
the
King
her
Husband
,
and
the
great
Master
of
the
Templers
.
After
which
,
as
the
Conqueror
believed
that
he
could
with
ease
,
when
he
pleased
,
make
himself
Master
of
Tripolis
,
which
had
put
it self
into
the
Hands
of
the
Prince
of
Antioch
,
he
went
and
laid
Siege
to
the
famous
City
of
Tyre
,
which
by
the
Vertue
and
good
Fortune
of
one
Person
,
happened
to
be
preserved
,
in
the
manner
which
I
am
about
to
relate
.
The
most
illustrious
House
of
the
Ancient
Marquisses
of
Montferrat
,
which
was
descended
from
the
Dukes
of
Saxony
,
was
at
that
time
one
of
the
greatest
in
Europe
,
and
the
strongest
in
Italy
.
William
the
Third
,
surnamed
the
Old
,
who
was
the
Head
of
it
,
held
the
most
considerable
Rank
among
the
greatest
Princes
of
his
time
for
his
Vertue
,
for
his
Estate
,
his
Alliances
with
the
Emperour
and
the
King
of
France
;
but
above
all
,
for
the
extraordinary
Merit
of
four
Princes
,
his
Sons
,
which
he
had
by
the
Marchioness
his
Lady
,
who
was
the
Sister
of
the
Emperour
Conrade
.
His
eldest
Son
Boniface
,
received
the
Crown
of
Thessaly
as
the
Reward
of
those
famous
Actions
which
he
did
after
the
taking
of
Constantinople
.
William
Longsword
,
his
second
Son
,
was
designed
to
be
the
King
of
Jerusalem
,
by
Baldwin
the
Fourth
,
who
married
his
Sister
the
Princess
Sybilla
to
him
;
but
he
died
about
five
Months
after
his
Marriage
,
leaving
her
with
Child
of
the
little
King
Baldwin
,
who
soon
after
died
.
Reynier
,
which
was
his
third
Son
,
made
also
a
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
,
where
he
died
two
or
three
Years
before
the
loss
of
Jerusalem
.
And
the
last
,
who
was
after
the
Name
of
the
Emperour
,
his
Uncle
,
called
Conrade
,
was
he
of
all
the
Brothers
who
gained
the
greatest
Reputation
by
the
Glory
of
his
Arms.
This
young
Prince
,
in
whose
Person
Nature
had
joyned
with
a
marvellous
Beauty
,
a
most
extraordinary
Strength
both
of
Body
and
of
Mind
;
and
who
with
the
heroick
Courage
,
incredible
Heat
,
and
ready
Resolution
of
undaunted
Youth
,
had
also
acquired
the
Address
and
Prudence
of
an
old
and
experienced
Captain
,
and
most
perfect
Understanding
in
the
Military
Art
;
insomuch
that
the
old
Marquis
his
Father
,
year
1188
had
made
no
Difficulty
,
notwithstanding
his
want
of
a
Maturity
of
Age
,
to
give
him
the
Command
of
an
Army
,
which
he
had
raised
for
the
Interests
of
the
Pope
,
against
the
Emperour
Frederick
his
Kinsman
,
at
the
Sollicitation
of
Manuel
,
who
extremely
,
as
well
as
the
Pope
,
feared
the
growing
Power
of
that
Emperour
;
The
young
Conrade
,
so
well
managed
this
War
,
that
in
Conclusion
,
he
vanquished
the
German
Army
,
which
was
commanded
by
the
Archbishop
of
Mayence
,
whom
he
there
took
Prisoner
:
and
this
high
Reputation
which
he
so
well
merited
,
was
the
occasion
,
that
about
seven
or
eight
Years
afterwards
,
Isaac
Angelus
being
come
to
the
Constantinopolitan
Empire
,
gave
him
his
Sister
Theodora
in
Marriage
,
together
with
the
Dignity
of
Caesar
,
and
the
Hopes
that
he
should
succeed
him
in
the
Empire
:
And
truly
he
made
it
appear
by
a
most
illustrious
Action
,
that
he
well
deserved
it
:
For
Branas
the
General
of
the
Imperial
Army
,
having
caused
himself
to
be
proclaimed
Emperour
,
Isaac
,
who
had
not
expected
any
thing
less
,
and
who
had
neither
Men
,
nor
Money
wherewith
to
raise
them
,
and
being
also
of
a
cowardly
Spirit
,
believed
that
all
was
lost
;
and
therefore
instead
of
runing
to
his
Arms
,
he
,
as
his
last
Remedy
,
had
Recourse
to
the
Prayers
of
the
Monks
,
whom
he
assembled
at
the
Palace
to
implore
the
Succour
and
Assistance
of
God
:
But
the
young
Caesar
,
drawing
him
from
among
the
Religious
,
whom
he
sent
to
pray
to
God
in
their
Monasteries
,
remonstrated
to
him
so
powerfully
,
that
he
ought
to
joyn
other
Arms
to
those
of
his
Prayers
,
to
combat
and
oppose
his
Enemies
,
that
by
little
and
little
he
raised
up
his
Spirits
,
till
at
last
he
brought
him
to
the
Resolution
of
acting
,
and
dying
,
however
at
the
worst
,
like
an
Emperour
:
Thereupon
he
made
him
engage
all
that
he
had
,
his
rich
Furniture
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
that
so
he
might
have
wherewith
to
levy
Men
;
and
therein
the
young
Conrade
acted
with
so
much
Diligence
and
Readiness
,
that
in
a
few
days
he
raised
in
Constantinople
,
a
very
considerable
number
of
Troops
,
composed
of
Greeks
,
and
all
manner
of
Asiatique
Strangers
,
Latins
,
and
even
Turks
and
Sarasins
,
who
happened
to
have
Business
there
.
These
being
joyned
with
those
that
belonged
to
the
Court
and
the
City
Militia
,
made
up
a
very
good
Army
,
with
which
he
lead
the
Emperour
against
Branas
,
who
was
advanced
within
View
of
Constantinople
,
on
the
side
of
Blaquerness
;
and
in
the
Plain
which
is
on
the
other
side
of
that
Suburb
,
it
was
that
he
gave
Battle
to
the
Rebels
,
with
so
much
Vigour
,
and
such
admirable
Conduct
,
that
he
intirely
defeated
them
;
and
having
slain
Branas
with
his
own
Hand
,
he
cut
off
his
Head
and
presented
it
to
the
Emperor
.
But
he
presently
after
perceived
that
this
Prince
,
according
to
the
Custom
of
great
Men
,
who
rarely
love
those
Persons
sincerely
,
to
whom
they
stand
extremely
obliged
,
was
so
far
from
rewarding
his
Services
,
that
now
he
despised
him
,
and
that
he
would
give
him
no
other
Portion
with
his
Sister
,
but
the
vain
Title
of
Caesar
,
and
the
Honour
of
wearing
purple
Shoes
.
Being
therefore
of
a
good
fierce
Temper
,
and
besides
,
not
over
delicate
as
to
matter
of
Conscience
,
he
resolved
to
take
hold
of
the
first
Occasion
to
abandon
him
,
which
he
also
did
,
but
in
a
manner
,
which
certainly
neither
became
him
as
a
gallant
Man
,
nor
as
a
Christian
.
He
had
taken
the
Cross
for
the
Holy
War
when
he
came
to
Constantinople
,
and
there
he
understood
the
great
Progress
which
the
Arms
of
Saladin
made
in
Palestine
:
Now
the
Emperour
,
who
was
advanced
with
a
few
Troops
towards
the
Danubius
,
to
begin
the
War
against
the
Wallachians
,
had
left
him
at
Constantinople
,
to
gather
up
the
rest
of
the
Army
,
and
pressed
him
according
to
his
Promise
,
to
make
hast
to
joyn
him
with
them
:
But
he
,
resolving
to
delude
the
Emperour
in
his
turn
,
as
he
had
been
deluded
by
him
,
instead
of
going
to
joyn
with
him
,
he
went
aboard
certain
Ships
,
which
he
had
caused
upon
some
other
Pretext
to
be
rigged
out
,
with
all
those
Troops
in
whom
he
confided
;
making
no
Scruple
either
to
forsake
the
Emperour
or
the
Princess
his
Lady
;
but
as
if
his
Marriage
had
been
null
and
void
,
he
left
her
,
and
weighed
Anchor
for
Palestine
,
without
knowing
any
thing
of
the
defeat
of
the
Christian
Army
,
or
the
Captivity
of
his
Father
.
As
he
approached
to
Ptolemais
,
a
few
days
after
it
was
Surrendered
to
Saladin
,
he
was
something
surprized
that
he
did
not
hear
the
Bells
,
which
were
accustomed
to
be
rung
out
,
when
any
Christian
Vessels
were
ready
to
enter
the
Port
,
year
1188
but
in
a
moment
after
he
was
more
astonished
,
when
in
the
place
of
the
Cross
,
he
perceived
upon
the
Towers
,
all
the
Ensigns
of
the
Sarasins
,
by
which
he
knew
that
the
Town
was
reduced
under
the
Dominion
of
the
Insidels
.
This
made
him
take
a
sudden
Resolution
to
sail
to
Tyre
,
which
was
not
distant
above
eight
Miles
from
thence
to
the
Northward
.
This
City
,
so
flourishing
,
and
so
celebrated
for
its
Antiquity
,
for
its
Riches
,
and
for
the
famous
Seige
which
was
enterprized
against
it
by
Alexander
the
Great
,
who
from
an
Island
,
which
it
was
before
,
made
it
a
Peninsula
,
joyning
it
by
a
prodigious
Bank
of
Earth
,
to
the
firm
Land
of
the
Continent
,
was
now
under
the
utmost
Consternation
,
finding
it self
without
Defendants
,
and
just
upon
the
Point
to
run
the
same
Fortune
with
Ptolemaïs
.
The
brave
Marquis
who
landed
in
the
Critical
Moment
,
and
who
had
abundance
of
Courage
,
Resolution
,
and
Conduct
,
failed
not
to
lay
hold
upon
so
fair
an
Occasion
to
purchase
,
not
only
Glory
,
but
so
considerable
a
Fortune
in
Phoenicia
,
by
saving
this
renowned
City
.
He
therefore
offered
to
defend
them
against
all
the
Forces
of
the
Sarasins
,
with
those
which
he
had
brought
,
provided
they
would
Obey
him
;
and
as
a
Recompence
for
preserving
of
the
City
,
which
was
so
visibly
exposed
to
the
extreme
danger
of
falling
under
the
Power
of
the
Infidels
,
that
they
would
receive
him
for
their
Master
and
their
Lord
.
All
this
was
imediately
consented
unto
;
and
therefore
to
secure
the
City
,
the
next
day
he
caused
diverse
of
the
Earl
of
Tripolis
,
his
Complices
,
who
were
discovered
to
have
a
Design
to
seize
upon
the
Fortress
,
to
be
hanged
for
their
Treason
:
And
in
short
,
he
laboured
with
so
much
Diligence
in
repairing
the
Fortifications
,
by
the
help
of
the
Inhabitants
,
and
those
who
were
retired
thither
from
Ptolemaïs
,
and
furnished
it
with
all
things
necessary
to
sustain
a
Siege
,
that
he
saw
himself
in
a
Condition
to
resist
all
the
Forces
of
Saladin
.
And
that
crafty
Prince
,
fearing
to
receive
an
Affront
before
a
City
so
well
fortified
,
offered
Conrade
to
give
Liberty
to
the
old
Marquis
his
Father
,
and
if
he
would
put
the
Place
into
his
Power
,
to
recompense
him
with
so
great
a
Sum
of
Money
,
as
should
exceed
all
that
he
could
reasonably
hope
.
But
when
he
saw
the
Marquis
so
firm
,
that
neither
Pity
,
nor
Interest
were
able
to
work
upon
him
;
he
then
resolved
to
carry
the
Place
by
Force
,
and
therefore
attacked
it
by
Land
with
all
manner
of
Engines
,
and
blocked
it
up
by
Sea
with
a
mighty
Fleet
,
to
prevent
the
landing
of
any
Supplies
by
the
Shipping
of
Genoua
and
Sicily
.
But
all
his
Attempts
became
fruitless
by
the
Valour
and
good
Fortune
,
and
strong
Resolution
of
the
Marquis
,
who
by
two
or
three
stout
Sallies
,
which
he
made
with
great
Success
,
obliged
the
Turks
to
remove
to
a
greater
Distance
:
He
also
fitted
out
all
the
Shipping
in
the
Port
,
and
joyning
with
the
Fleet
of
Margaritus
,
Admiral
of
the
Royal
Navy
of
Sicily
,
he
attacked
the
Fleet
of
Saladin
,
ad
defeated
it
so
intirely
,
that
scarce
a
Ship
escaped
,
but
either
taken
,
burnt
,
sunk
,
or
constrained
,
to
avoid
being
taken
,
to
run
ashoar
in
the
View
of
Saladin
himself
,
who
saw
,
but
could
not
prevent
the
Misfortune
;
and
now
began
to
despair
of
Success
,
since
it
was
no
longer
possible
for
him
to
hinder
the
Succours
which
came
from
Europe
,
to
enter
at
Pleasure
into
Tyre
.
And
there
entred
such
considerable
Numbers
of
them
,
who
expected
the
arrival
of
the
Army
of
the
Crusades
,
that
Conrade
had
thereby
the
Means
,
not
only
to
establish
his
Dominions
,
but
also
to
carry
the
War
among
his
Enemies
,
and
to
meet
with
the
good
Fortune
in
one
Encounter
,
among
many
others
to
take
one
Prisoner
of
great
Quality
,
who
was
exchanged
for
the
old
Marquis
his
Father
,
to
whom
he
restored
his
Liberty
by
his
Valour
,
much
more
honourably
than
he
could
have
done
by
a
foolish
Pity
of
his
Captivity
.
But
Saladin
,
who
had
a
great
Soul
,
and
who
was
not
much
astonished
with
an
Accident
,
which
he
had
in
some
measure
foreseen
,
nor
surprised
with
this
little
Reverse
of
his
Fortune
,
to
which
the
Prudence
and
the
Success
of
the
greatest
Captains
must
sometimes
submit
,
quickly
repaired
this
Loss
by
throwing
himself
into
the
Principality
of
Antioch
,
which
he
totally
reduced
in
less
than
three
Months
under
his
Power
:
For
he
took
more
than
twenty
Places
,
and
constrained
the
Capital
City
to
come
to
Terms
,
by
which
they
promised
to
surrender
to
him
,
if
in
a
certain
time
they
were
not
relieved
by
an
Army
of
the
Princes
of
Europe
,
more
potent
than
his
.
Thus
of
all
the
Conquests
which
the
Franks
had
made
with
so
much
Glory
to
the
Christian
Name
in
Syria
,
Palestine
,
and
Mesopotamia
,
there
remained
nothing
but
these
three
Cities
,
Amioch
,
year
1188
which
was
not
theirs
neither
,
but
upon
a
Condition
which
might
fail
;
Tripolis
,
where
the
King
,
who
had
nothing
more
left
of
his
Kingdom
,
was
retired
after
his
Deliverance
,
and
Tyre
,
which
the
Marquis
Conrade
had
so
unexpectedly
preserved
.
And
that
which
was
yet
more
Deplorable
,
was
the
Division
which
happened
between
the
King
and
the
Marquis
,
who
pretended
to
retain
Tyre
,
as
having
justly
acquired
it
;
all
the
Men
of
Spirit
were
upon
this
divided
into
these
two
Parties
,
so
that
it
was
of
great
Advantage
to
Saladin
,
that
he
had
delivered
this
unhappy
King
,
who
by
this
new
Disturbance
,
was
the
cause
of
the
Loss
of
all
the
rest
.
Strange
Revolution
of
Fortune
,
which
in
so
small
a
time
made
such
a
prodigious
Change
in
the
Condition
of
the
Christians
and
the
Insidels
!
which
though
it
may
give
one
some
Astonishment
,
yet
to
me
it
doth
not
seem
mighty
Difficult
to
assign
the
Causes
,
which
therefore
for
a
little
we
will
indeavour
to
find
.
For
first
;
The
Crusades
who
founded
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
and
those
who
after
them
atchieved
those
glorious
Conquests
,
altho
they
had
their
Passions
,
and
their
Failings
,
and
were
as
other
Men
,
subject
to
humane
Infirmities
,
yet
for
the
most
,
they
were
good
in
the
main
,
Men
who
had
a
great
Fond
of
Honour
any
Honesty
,
solidly
Devout
,
and
strongly
inclined
to
the
good
of
Religion
,
fearing
God
,
and
above
all
,
most
zealous
for
his
Glory
.
Whereas
,
whether
the
Manners
of
their
Successors
were
by
little
and
little
corrupted
by
the
contagious
Commerce
which
they
had
with
the
Insidel
Nations
,
with
which
they
were
Surrounded
;
or
that
great
Numbers
of
wicked
People
,
who
passed
into
the
Holy
,
to
save
themselves
from
the
Pursuit
of
Justice
,
carried
thither
,
and
left
by
their
pernicious
Examples
,
those
Crimes
to
their
Posterity
,
which
they
had
escaped
the
just
Punishment
of
.
Most
certain
it
is
,
that
some
small
time
before
the
Fall
of
that
Kingdom
,
the
Lives
of
the
Christians
of
the
East
,
and
even
of
the
Clergy
themselves
,
were
so
horribly
Desolute
,
that
it
is
impossible
without
Horror
,
to
represent
the
frightful
Picture
,
which
the
Writers
of
those
Times
,
and
those
who
have
Copied
after
them
,
have
drawn
of
their
Crimes
.
And
I
wish
with
all
my
Soul
,
that
it
were
possible
to
efface
and
abolish
the
Memory
of
them
,
rather
than
with
a
kind
of
Scandal
to
expose
them
to
the
View
of
such
honest
People
,
whose
Modesty
may
recoil
at
the
reading
of
them
.
For
this
Reason
,
as
God
punished
the
Offences
of
the
Israelites
,
whom
himself
had
conducted
by
so
many
Miracles
into
this
same
Holy
Land
;
and
that
the
Punishment
which
they
had
so
justly
merited
,
was
the
depriving
them
of
their
Empire
,
and
delivering
them
into
the
Hands
of
the
Philistins
,
Chaldeans
,
and
other
Infidel
People
,
who
were
the
Executioners
of
his
Justice
;
so
did
he
punish
the
horrible
Crimes
of
the
Christians
,
whom
he
had
brought
into
Palestine
by
the
victorious
Arms
of
the
first
Crusades
,
by
depriving
them
of
that
Kingdom
,
and
abandoning
them
to
be
Slaves
to
those
People
whom
their
Ancestors
had
with
so
much
Glory
so
often
vanquished
.
But
farther
,
to
give
some
natural
Reason
for
this
Change
,
the
first
Conquerors
of
Palestine
were
warlike
and
most
valiant
Men
,
accustomed
to
Fatigues
,
and
such
as
frankly
exposed
themselves
to
all
manner
of
Dangers
,
and
were
never
known
to
recoil
,
let
the
number
of
their
Enemies
which
they
were
to
incounter
,
be
never
so
Prodigious
;
they
esteemed
it
a
Happiness
to
dye
Martyrs
in
combating
gloriously
for
the
Faith
,
and
for
the
Name
of
Jesus
Christ
:
And
the
Orientals
,
against
whom
they
fought
,
were
at
that
time
little
skilled
in
Wars
,
cowardly
,
undisciplin'd
,
and
half-armed
People
,
who
were
not
able
to
abide
above
one
Shock
,
as
having
nothing
to
trust
to
but
their
Bows
and
Arrows
,
which
they
shot
at
Rovers
,
and
commonly
rather
flying
than
fighting
:
Whereas
on
the
contrary
,
the
Christians
having
exchanged
with
the
Infidels
for
all
their
Vices
,
had
also
gotten
their
Cowardice
,
their
esseminate
and
idle
way
of
Living
;
loving
Repose
and
Pleasure
,
and
hating
the
trouble
of
War
,
and
the
Severity
of
that
Discipline
,
which
is
so
necessary
to
a
Soldier
,
and
which
they
wholly
neglected
.
The
Turks
and
Sarasins
on
the
other
hand
,
were
become
mighty
Warlike
under
their
victorious
Sultans
,
Sanguin
,
Noradin
,
Syracon
,
and
Saladin
,
who
having
learnt
at
their
Cost
to
arm
themselves
like
the
Europeans
,
with
good
Curiasses
and
strong
Lances
,
had
also
taught
them
to
follow
their
Colours
,
year
1188
to
fight
hand
to
hand
,
and
had
inspired
them
with
Courage
and
Considence
,
both
by
their
Examples
,
and
the
fortunate
Success
of
their
Arms.
And
in
short
,
The
Conquerors
of
the
Holy
Land
,
under
the
first
Kings
,
were
under
one
sole
Head
,
who
uniformly
governed
the
whole
Body
of
his
Estate
and
Army
,
which
acted
according
to
the
Measures
which
he
prescribed
,
with
a
perfect
Unity
,
without
Division
,
without
diversity
of
Interests
,
Inclinations
and
Opinions
,
as
if
the
whole
Army
had
been
as
one
Man
,
according
to
the
Expression
so
frequent
in
the
Scripture
.
Whereas
the
Turks
and
Sarasins
,
were
then
divided
almost
into
as
many
particular
Estates
as
there
were
Cities
in
Palestine
and
Syria
,
and
therefore
could
raise
no
great
Armies
,
but
what
must
be
commanded
by
many
Chiefs
,
who
,
for
the
most
part
,
never
accorded
very
well
,
by
reason
of
the
diversity
of
their
Opinions
and
Interests
,
which
made
them
almost
continually
be
overthrown
,
though
they
were
incomparably
the
stronger
in
number
of
Soldiers
than
their
Conquerors
.
But
upon
the
falling
of
the
Realm
,
the
Christian
Army
was
composed
of
the
Troops
of
diverse
Chiefs
,
those
of
the
King
of
Jerusalem
,
the
Prince
of
Antioch
,
the
Earl
of
Tripolis
,
and
the
great
Masters
of
the
Temple
and
the
Hospital
,
who
all
of
them
had
different
Prospects
and
Designs
,
which
did
not
at
all
agree
one
with
the
other
.
On
the
contrary
,
all
the
Estates
of
the
Infidels
,
bordering
upon
the
Christians
,
Egypt
,
Arabia
,
Mesopotamia
,
the
Realms
of
Damascus
and
Cilicia
,
were
at
that
time
united
into
one
single
Monarchy
,
under
the
great
Saladin
;
and
so
their
Army
had
but
one
Captain
and
Head
,
who
being
most
Wise
and
Valiant
,
gave
one
Impression
,
and
a
constant
regular
Movement
to
this
great
Body
,
which
did
not
act
but
according
to
his
positive
Orders
.
And
certainly
it
is
most
particularly
this
Unity
which
hath
always
made
great
Armies
Victorious
,
as
may
be
seen
in
all
Ages
and
Histories
,
but
was
never
more
manifested
than
in
this
last
Campaign
,
which
was
so
glorious
and
so
advantageous
to
the
King
of
France
.
For
on
the
one
part
,
the
Emperour
and
the
Spaniards
,
and
great
part
of
the
Princes
of
the
Circles
of
the
Empire
and
the
Hollanders
,
being
leagued
and
confederated
against
him
had
raised
very
strong
and
numerous
Armies
to
invade
France
,
both
by
Sea
and
Land
.
On
the
other
side
,
that
King
alone
,
without
imploying
any
other
Power
but
his
own
,
and
giving
out
himself
,
those
Orders
which
were
with
Fidelity
Executed
,
always
prevented
them
,
I
do
not
say
,
from
entring
,
but
so
much
as
approaching
France
:
Beat
them
thoroughly
to
the
very
Islands
;
and
in
Person
,
by
main
Force
conquered
one
fair
and
large
Province
;
and
his
Army
alone
in
Flanders
,
under
his
auspicious
Fortune
,
commanded
by
the
famous
Prince
of
Conde
,
having
to
oppose
them
three
great
Armies
of
the
Emperour
,
the
King
of
Spain
,
and
the
Hollanders
,
joyned
in
one
Body
under
three
Chieftains
,
yet
cut
in
pieces
their
Rere
,
took
their
Baggage
,
ravished
from
them
more
than
one
hundred
Colours
,
and
shamefully
chased
them
from
before
Oudenard
,
and
pursued
them
beyond
the
Scheld
.
And
there
it
was
,
that
their
Commanders
,
having
at
last
the
Leisure
to
take
Breath
,
and
to
complain
one
to
another
,
were
constrained
to
avow
,
by
their
Flight
,
which
they
disguised
under
the
name
of
a
Retreat
,
that
as
there
is
but
one
Soul
in
one
Body
,
to
give
it
Life
,
Movement
,
and
the
Power
to
perform
those
admirable
Operations
of
a
Man
;
so
there
ought
to
be
but
one
absolute
Monarch
in
a
Kingdom
,
and
one
General
in
an
Army
,
to
procure
the
Felicity
of
the
People
,
and
to
inable
them
to
triumph
gloriously
over
all
the
Enemies
which
go
about
to
trouble
their
Repose
,
or
rob
them
of
their
Happiness
.
But
after
these
Reflections
which
I
have
made
,
according
to
my
little
Art
in
Politicks
,
which
possibly
will
not
appear
altogether
Useless
,
or
at
least
Indivertive
,
it
is
time
to
return
to
my
Subject
,
and
pursue
this
History
of
the
Crusade
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
CRUSADE
,
OR
,
The
Expeditions
of
the
Christian
Princes
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
.
PART
II.
BOOK
II.
The
CONTENTS
of
the
Second
Book
.
The
Death
of
Pope
Urban
III.
upon
the
News
of
the
Loss
of
Jerusalem
.
The
Decrees
of
Pope
Gregory
VIII
.
and
the
Rules
of
the
Cardinals
,
to
move
God
Almighty
to
Mercy
and
Compassion
upon
the
Christians
.
Gregory
makes
Peace
between
the
Pisans
and
the
Genoese
.
Clement
III.
his
Successor
,
sends
his
Legats
to
the
King
of
France
,
and
to
the
King
of
England
.
The
Conference
at
Gisors
,
where
the
Archbishop
of
Tyre
proposes
the
Crusade
,
which
is
received
by
the
two
Kings
.
The
Ordinances
which
they
made
for
the
Regulation
of
it
.
The
War
re-commences
between
the
two
Kings
,
which
hinders
the
Effect
of
the
Crusade
.
Richard
,
Duke
of
Guinne
,
joins
with
King
Philip
,
against
his
own
Father
.
The
Death
of
Henry
II.
King
of
England
.
His
Elegy
and
Character
.
The
Legates
propose
the
Crusade
at
the
Diet
at
Mayence
.
The
Emperor
Frederick
Barbarossa
there
takes
upon
him
the
Cross
;
as
do
many
other
Princes
and
Prelates
of
the
Empire
.
The
Description
of
that
Emperor
.
His
March
to
Thracia
,
where
he
is
necessitated
to
combat
the
Greeks
.
The
Character
of
the
Greek
Emperor
,
Isaac
Angelus
.
The
Reason
why
this
Emperor
betrayed
the
Latins
.
The
History
of
the
false
Dositheus
,
who
seduced
him
,
and
of
Theodore
Balsamon
.
The
Victories
of
Frederick
in
Thracia
.
The
stupid
Folly
of
Isaac
,
and
his
dishonourable
Treaty
with
the
Emperor
.
The
Passage
and
March
of
Frederick
into
Asia
.
The
Treachery
of
the
Sultan
of
Iconium
,
and
the
Defeat
of
his
Troops
by
a
pretty
Stranagem
of
the
Emperor's
.
An
Heroick
Action
of
a
certain
Cavalier
.
The
first
Battel
of
Iconium
.
The
Description
,
Assaulting
and
Taking
of
that
City
.
The
second
Battel
of
Iconium
.
The
Triumph
of
the
Emperor
.
The
March
of
the
Army
towards
Syria
.
The
Description
,
and
the
Passage
of
Mount
Taurus
.
The
Death
of
the
Emperor
and
his
Elogy
.
Frederick
,
his
Son
,
leads
the
Army
to
Antioch
;
after
that
,
to
Tyre
;
and
from
thence
,
to
the
Camp
at
Ptolemais
or
Acon
.
The
Description
of
that
City
,
and
the
adjacent
Country
.
The
Relation
of
the
famous
Siege
against
it
,
begun
by
King
Guy
de
Lusignan
.
The
Succours
of
two
fair
Naval
Armies
.
The
Description
of
the
famous
Battel
of
Ptolemais
.
The
manner
of
the
Christians
Encampment
.
The
Reason
of
the
Length
of
the
Siege
.
The
Death
of
Queen
Sybilla
,
and
the
Division
between
Guy
de
Lusignan
and
the
Marquis
Conrade
,
who
marries
the
Princess
Isabella
,
the
Wife
of
Humphrey
de
Thoron
.
A
general
Assault
given
to
Ptolemais
upon
the
Arrival
of
Frederick
,
Duke
of
Suabia
.
A
brave
Action
of
Leopold
,
Duke
of
Austria
.
The
Death
of
Frederick
,
and
his
admirable
Vertue
.
year
1188
THe
sad
news
of
the
loss
of
Jerusalem
,
and
the
deplorable
estate
,
into
which
the
fortune
of
the
Christians
was
reduced
in
the
East
,
made
a
mighty
Change
upon
the
Spirits
,
and
a
strange
Revolution
of
all
the
Affairs
of
the
West
.
Pope
Vrban
III.
who
was
then
at
Ferrara
,
was
so
strangely
surprized
with
it
,
that
in
a
Moment
he
found
himself
seized
and
pierced
with
such
an
excessive
,
and
,
as
it
proved
,
a
mortal
Grief
,
which
,
in
a
little
time
after
he
had
heard
it
,
carried
him
to
his
Tomb.
Gregory
VIII
.
who
succeeded
him
,
and
was
chosen
the
very
next
Day
after
his
Decease
,
at
the
same
time
writ
most
pressing
and
passionate
Letters
to
all
faithful
Christians
,
exhorting
to
take
up
the
Cross
for
the
Recovery
of
the
Holy
Land
;
promising
to
them
the
same
Graces
which
his
Predecessors
,
the
Popes
,
Vrban
II.
and
Eugenius
III.
had
granted
to
those
who
were
enrolled
upon
the
two
first
Crusades
.
And
to
appease
the
Wrath
of
God
by
Humiliations
,
and
by
the
Sufferings
of
voluntary
Penitences
,
he
ordained
,
That
throughout
all
Christendom
,
for
the
space
of
five
Years
,
the
Fast
of
Friday
should
be
observed
with
the
same
Austerity
that
it
was
in
the
time
of
Lent
:
And
besides
the
Abstinence
upon
Wednesdays
and
Saturdays
,
he
obliged
himself
,
and
all
his
Brethren
,
the
Cardinals
and
Bishops
,
exactly
to
observe
the
like
Abstinence
upon
every
Monday
.
By
which
Method
he
made
,
upon
the
suddain
,
such
a
wonderful
Reformation
in
the
Court
of
Rome
,
that
the
Cardinals
did
not
only
voluntarily
submit
themselves
to
the
Rigour
of
this
Penitence
,
but
did
of
themselves
,
without
any
Command
from
him
,
which
certainly
must
strangely
surprize
my
Readers
,
oblige
themselves
to
very
strict
Rules
for
their
way
of
Living
,
and
the
Reformation
of
their
Manners
,
such
as
certainly
could
not
proceed
,
but
from
Hearts
perfectly
contrite
,
and
humbled
before
God
;
thereby
to
satisfie
his
Justice
,
and
to
implore
his
Mercy
and
his
Pity
.
For
being
,
with
the
Pope's
Consent
,
assembled
,
to
deliberate
among
themselves
,
upon
what
ought
to
be
done
for
the
Service
of
the
Church
in
this
pressing
Necessity
,
they
resolved
,
and
most
religiously
promised
,
one
to
another
,
to
observe
these
following
Articles
.
year
1188
That
they
would
retrench
in
their
Families
what
soever
was
superfluous
,
and
whatever
had
too
much
of
the
Pomp
and
Vanity
of
the
present
World
.
That
they
themselves
would
,
for
Example
,
be
the
first
who
would
take
up
the
Cross
;
and
not
only
preach
it
by
their
Words
,
but
by
their
Actions
.
That
for
this
purpose
,
they
would
neither
make
use
of
Horses
,
Mules
,
or
Litters
;
but
that
they
would
constantly
go
on
soot
,
so
long
as
the
Feet
of
the
Turks
and
Sarasins
defiled
that
Holy
Land
,
which
Jesus
Christ
had
sanctified
by
his
Presence
and
sacred
Steps
.
That
they
would
go
in
Person
themselves
before
the
rest
into
Palestine
,
without
any
other
Equipage
except
the
Cross
,
and
the
Poverty
of
Jesus
Christ
;
living
upon
Alms.
And
lastly
,
at
their
Return
,
that
they
would
no
more
receive
any
Presents
from
those
who
had
Affairs
in
the
Court
of
Rome
,
but
content
themselves
with
what
was
strictly
necessary
for
their
living
in
that
modest
Way
which
was
conformable
to
their
Condition
.
These
were
their
great
Resolves
:
And
truly
I
am
of
Opinion
,
that
without
doing
any
Injury
to
the
Memory
of
these
good
Cardinals
,
one
may
lawfully
say
,
that
their
Devotion
,
in
the
Transports
of
its
first
Heats
,
carried
them
something
further
,
than
the
Limits
of
a
holy
Discretion
would
have
prescribed
to
them
.
Nor
is
it
to
be
found
in
History
,
that
these
brave
Resolutions
produced
those
Effects
which
they
seemed
to
promise
,
and
which
might
have
been
expected
from
them
;
possibly
because
whilst
they
would
do
too
much
,
they
did
too
little
,
by
that
Weakness
,
which
is
so
commonly
incident
to
Mankind
to
fall
very
much
below
,
when
they
come
to
repent
themselves
of
having
gone
too
high
above
those
just
Measures
which
a
wise
Man
,
after
he
hath
once
taken
,
will
be
sure
in
all
things
to
observe
most
exactly
.
After
this
,
Gregory
seeing
that
it
was
impossibly
that
the
Design
of
Succouring
the
Holy
Land
should
prosper
,
so
long
as
the
Christian
Princes
of
Europe
were
engaged
in
Wars
among
themselves
,
he
resolved
to
send
his
Legates
to
bring
them
to
an
Accord
;
at
least
,
to
conclude
a
Truce
for
certain
Years
:
And
that
he
might
do
something
on
his
part
towards
such
an
excellent
Work
,
he
went
in
Person
with
the
Deputies
of
Genoua
,
to
accord
the
Differences
which
had
occasioned
a
War
between
them
and
Pisa
:
But
as
he
laboured
very
happily
in
re-uniting
these
two
potent
Republicks
,
who
in
conclusion
,
embraced
that
Spirit
of
Peace
,
wherewith
he
endeavoured
to
inspire
them
,
he
was
seized
with
a
Tertian
Ague
and
Fever
,
which
in
a
few
days
carried
him
off
,
in
the
second
Month
of
his
Pontificate
.
Clement
III.
who
in
twenty
days
after
succeeded
him
,
confirmed
all
that
he
had
done
,
and
pursued
the
same
holy
Enterprise
,
with
the
very
same
Zeal
.
He
was
admirably
seconded
by
the
Negotiation
of
William
,
Archbishop
of
Tyre
,
who
was
come
to
implore
the
Assistance
of
the
Christian
Princes
.
This
is
that
great
Man
,
who
with
so
much
strength
of
Judgment
,
writ
the
History
of
the
Holy
War
,
which
he
continued
till
a
little
before
the
death
of
Baldwin
IV.
and
who
,
after
he
had
so
often
managed
the
greatest
Affairs
of
that
Realm
,
whereof
he
was
the
Chancellor
,
was
at
last
sent
Ambassador
into
the
West
,
upon
the
hope
that
he
would
negotiate
in
a
different
manner
than
the
Patriarch
Heraclius
had
done
,
whom
he
much
surpassed
in
all
manner
of
Abilities
.
He
came
into
France
at
the
same
time
that
Cardinal
Henry
,
the
Bishop
of
Albano
,
Legate
from
the
Holy
See
,
arrived
there
:
And
there
are
some
Authors
who
assure
us
,
that
Pope
Clement
honoured
this
Archbishop
with
the
same
Character
,
and
joyned
him
in
Commission
with
the
Cardinal
,
to
treat
a
Peace
between
the
two
Kings
of
England
and
France
,
to
the
end
they
might
unite
in
the
Resolation
of
undertaking
the
War
against
Saladin
.
That
War
which
Philip
the
August
had
declared
against
Henry
II.
King
of
England
,
for
the
Restitution
of
the
Earldom
of
Vexin
,
had
been
terminated
by
the
Undertaking
of
Pope
Vrban
,
upon
condition
that
the
King
of
England
,
as
a
Dependant
for
those
Estates
upon
the
Crown
of
France
,
should
in
a
time
prefixed
,
submit
himself
to
the
Judgment
of
the
Court
of
France
.
That
Term
being
expired
,
Henry
not
only
still
retained
the
Earldom
,
which
he
was
obliged
to
restore
;
but
also
the
Princess
Alice
,
the
Sister
of
Philip
,
who
was
designed
to
be
married
to
Richard
,
the
Son
of
the
King
of
England
.
Philip
resolved
to
do
himself
Reason
for
such
a
visible
Injustice
,
year
1188
was
about
to
enter
into
Normandy
with
a
potent
Army
,
where
Henry
also
was
expecting
him
with
considerable
Forces
,
when
the
Archbishop
of
Tyre
arrived
very
opportunely
to
suspend
,
at
least
,
for
a
time
,
the
Anger
of
these
two
Princes
.
And
so
it
was
,
that
by
the
force
of
his
Genius
,
and
his
Eloquence
,
he
procured
an
Interview
between
them
,
in
a
Plain
between
Trie
and
Gisors
;
where
they
were
used
to
meet
,
when
they
treated
,
one
with
the
other
.
The
two
Kings
met
there
,
about
the
middle
of
January
,
accompanied
with
the
Princes
,
Prelates
and
great
Lords
of
both
the
Kingdoms
:
And
there
it
was
that
the
illustrious
Archbishop
employed
all
the
Power
of
his
Eloquence
,
and
of
his
Wit
,
to
represent
in
that
August
Assembly
,
The
deplorable
Estate
into
which
the
fatal
Divisions
of
the
Christian
Princes
of
the
East
had
reduced
the
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
,
which
the
first
Crusades
had
,
from
so
many
barbarous
and
Infidel
Nations
,
so
gloriously
conquered
with
their
victorious
Arms.
He
then
remonstrated
,
That
of
four
puissant
Estates
,
which
they
had
established
upon
the
Ruins
of
the
Mahomitan
Empire
,
and
which
extended
the
Dominions
of
the
Christians
,
from
Cilicia
to
Egypt
,
and
from
the
Sea
to
the
River
Tygris
,
there
remained
nothing
to
them
now
,
more
than
three
Cities
.
That
Antioch
,
dispairing
to
be
able
to
preserve
it self
by
its
own
Forces
,
had
already
promised
to
surrender
,
if
it
were
not
immediately
relieved
by
those
of
the
West
.
That
Tyre
,
without
necessary
Succours
,
was
not
in
a
condition
to
sustain
a
second
Siege
,
having
in
the
first
lost
the
greatest
part
of
its
Defendants
.
That
Tripolis
was
too
weak
to
endure
one
;
and
could
no
longer
remain
in
Freedom
,
than
it
pleased
Saladin
to
present
himself
before
it
,
to
add
it
to
his
other
Conquests
.
And
that
further
,
after
so
lamentable
a
Loss
as
that
of
Jerusalem
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Holy
Land
,
there
was
great
danger
of
losing
also
the
very
Hopes
which
remained
to
the
Christians
in
those
places
,
from
whence
they
might
take
a
Beginning
to
re-establish
the
Kingdom
of
Christ
Jesus
,
if
those
two
Kings
,
the
most
potent
of
Christendom
,
did
not
unite
their
Hearts
,
and
their
Arms
,
to
run
to
the
Relief
of
Christ
and
his
Cause
,
of
whose
only
Grace
and
Goodness
they
held
all
which
they
did
possess
.
And
,
in
short
,
he
said
upon
that
Subject
so
many
pathetick
things
,
and
in
a
manner
,
so
powerful
,
and
so
touching
,
that
the
two
Princes
,
whether
they
had
in
a
former
Conference
,
which
they
had
,
agreed
this
,
as
one
of
the
Articles
of
the
Peace
;
or
that
God
,
in
whose
Hands
are
the
Hearts
of
Kings
,
to
change
them
in
a
Moment
,
by
the
extraordinary
Working
of
his
Power
;
it
is
certain
that
they
embraced
one
the
other
mutually
,
in
the
Presence
of
the
whole
Assembly
;
and
did
it
with
all
the
Marks
of
a
perfect
Reconciliation
,
and
a
sincere
and
cordial
Friendship
,
as
if
there
had
never
been
any
Subject
of
Discontent
or
Difference
between
them
.
And
at
the
same
time
might
be
heard
on
all
sides
the
confused
Voices
of
a
Multitude
of
People
,
who
broak
out
into
great
Cries
of
Joy
;
and
from
every
Quarter
was
to
be
heard
,
Long
live
King
Philip
;
Long
live
King
Henry
:
Let
us
go
,
Let
us
go
to
this
War
against
the
Infidels
,
under
the
Conduct
of
these
two
mighty
Kings
.
Let
us
deliver
Jerusalem
,
and
extirpate
the
Enemies
of
Jesus
Christ
.
The
Cross
,
the
Cross
;
let
it
be
given
us
;
the
Sign
of
our
Salvation
,
and
the
Ruin
of
the
Sarasins
.
These
Acclamations
were
also
presently
followed
with
that
happy
Success
,
which
attended
the
Legation
of
this
brave
Archbishop
of
Tyre
,
that
the
two
Kings
first
presenting
themselves
,
to
receive
the
Cross
from
the
hands
of
the
Legates
,
they
were
followed
by
Richard
,
the
Son
of
the
King
of
England
,
Duke
of
Guienne
,
and
Earl
of
Poitou
,
who
had
voluntarily
taken
it
before
the
Loss
of
Jerusalem
,
but
would
now
anew
receive
it
from
the
hands
of
the
Legates
:
As
also
did
Philip
Earl
of
Flanders
,
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
the
Earls
of
Blois
,
Dreux
,
Champagne
,
Perche
,
Clermont
,
Barr
,
Beaumont
,
Nevers
;
James
Lord
of
Avesnes
,
and
almost
all
the
great
Lords
of
France
,
England
and
Flanders
,
who
were
present
at
this
Assembly
.
And
to
distinguish
the
one
from
the
other
,
it
was
ordained
,
that
the
French
should
take
a
Red
Cross
,
being
the
same
they
bore
in
the
first
Crusade
;
the
English
,
a
white
one
;
and
the
Flemmings
,
one
of
Green
.
It
is
said
that
at
the
same
time
there
appeared
one
in
Heaven
,
bright
and
shining
,
which
helped
to
inflame
the
Devotion
of
those
who
took
up
the
other
;
as
if
God
himself
had
manifestly
called
them
to
this
Holy
War
by
a
sacred
Signal
from
above
.
And
to
render
the
Memory
of
so
great
an
Action
Eternal
,
a
Cross
was
erected
,
and
a
Church
built
in
the
midst
of
the
Field
of
this
Conference
;
which
was
ever
after
called
,
The
Holy
Field
.
year
1188
After
this
,
the
Kings
,
to
support
the
Charges
of
this
War
,
and
to
prevent
the
Disorders
which
had
been
so
injurious
to
the
former
Crusades
,
resolved
to
publish
these
following
Ordinances
:
That
all
Persons
who
had
not
undertaken
the
Cross
,
of
what
Quality
soever
,
even
the
Ecclesiasticks
,
except
the
Chartreux
,
the
Bernardines
,
and
the
Religious
of
Fontevraud
,
should
pay
one
Tenth
of
their
Revenues
,
and
of
their
Moveables
,
except
their
Arms
,
their
Habits
,
Books
,
Jewels
,
and
consecrated
Vtensils
and
Ornaments
;
which
was
afterwards
called
by
the
name
of
Saladin's
Tenth
,
by
reason
that
it
was
raised
upon
the
Occasion
of
making
this
War
with
Saladin
.
That
the
Crusades
should
have
liberty
to
raise
a
Tenth
of
all
their
Subjects
who
did
not
go
to
this
War
.
And
that
the
Husbandmen
who
undertook
to
go
and
take
the
Cross
,
without
the
Leave
of
their
Lords
first
obtained
,
should
not
be
exempted
from
this
Impost
.
That
all
Interest
upon
Money
lent
,
should
cease
for
all
the
time
that
the
Debters
were
upon
Service
in
the
Holy
Land
.
That
all
Persons
might
mortgage
their
Inheritances
,
or
their
Benefices
,
for
three
Years
;
during
which
time
,
the
Creditors
should
peaceably
enjoy
them
,
whatever
happened
to
the
Owners
.
That
all
unlawful
Games
of
Chance
,
all
Swearing
,
Blasphemy
and
Disorders
should
be
severely
punished
.
To
which
were
also
added
very
admirable
Orders
for
the
Regulation
of
Excess
in
Apparel
,
in
the
Tables
,
and
the
Retinues
of
the
Crusades
;
and
above
all
,
that
except
some
old
Landresses
,
there
should
no
Women
be
suffered
to
go
along
with
the
Army
,
as
had
been
permitted
in
the
former
Crusades
,
and
which
had
occasioned
great
Disorders
.
These
Ordinances
were
received
,
and
solemnly
published
in
both
the
Kingdoms
,
where
an
infinite
number
of
People
enrolled
themselves
for
the
Cross
;
some
out
of
Zeal
,
and
true
Devotion
;
others
to
be
exempted
from
the
Tax
,
which
though
it
was
consented
to
by
the
Bishops
,
in
the
Parliament
of
Paris
,
which
was
held
this
Year
about
Mid-Lent
,
yet
there
were
some
Ecclesiasticks
,
who
declared
themselves
against
it
tartly
enough
:
Among
the
rest
,
Peter
de
Blois
,
one
of
the
most
knowing
Men
of
his
Age
,
writ
against
it
to
Henry
de
Dreux
,
Bishop
of
Orleans
,
the
King's
Nephew
,
in
very
hard
Terms
;
pressing
him
to
oppose
this
Ordinance
of
the
King
,
which
,
he
said
,
was
a
Breach
of
the
Liberties
and
Privileges
of
the
Ecclesiasticks
;
from
whom
,
he
pretended
,
no
other
Aids
ever
were
or
ought
to
be
exacted
,
besides
their
Suffrages
and
Prayers
.
But
this
Advice
of
this
Archdeacon
of
Bath
in
England
,
though
otherwise
an
able
Man
,
prevailed
nothing
upon
the
Bishops
of
France
,
whom
he
something
too
liberally
accused
of
following
too
gentle
and
easie
a
Conduct
:
For
they
,
as
well
as
the
Bishops
of
England
,
with
great
Justice
and
Reason
,
as
well
as
Piety
,
believed
that
such
a
part
of
the
Goods
of
the
Church
might
very
lawfully
be
employed
,
upon
such
an
holy
Occasion
,
for
the
Deliverance
of
the
Sepulchre
of
Jesus
Christ
,
and
so
many
poor
Christian
Slaves
,
and
in
a
manner
,
all
the
Oriental
Churches
from
the
Oppression
and
Tyranny
of
the
Infidels
.
See
now
how
Zeal
,
when
it
is
a
little
over-heated
,
easily
becomes
so
false
and
foolish
,
as
to
blind
Men
to
that
degree
,
that
they
are
not
able
to
see
that
for
good
Sense
,
which
common
Reason
alone
,
without
other
Theology
,
discovers
so
plainly
to
the
whole
World
.
Thus
then
all
things
were
disposed
for
a
happy
Beginning
to
this
Crusade
,
if
the
Division
which
,
in
a
little
time
after
,
broke
out
again
between
the
two
Kings
,
had
not
turned
those
Arms
against
Christians
,
which
they
had
before
prepared
,
to
fight
against
the
Sarasins
.
Among
other
Articles
which
were
agreed
upon
at
this
famous
Conference
in
the
Field
of
Gisors
,
it
was
ordained
,
That
all
Matters
in
difference
on
one
part
,
and
the
other
,
should
remain
in
the
same
Estate
wherein
they
stood
before
;
and
that
no
one
should
enterprize
any
thing
against
his
Neighbour
,
till
such
time
as
the
Holy
War
were
determined
.
In
this
time
,
Richard
Duke
of
Guienne
,
and
Earl
of
Poitiers
,
to
the
prejudice
of
a
Treaty
so
solemnly
made
,
concluded
and
ratified
,
renewing
the
ancient
Quarrel
betwixt
him
and
Count
Raymond
of
Tholouse
,
threw
himself
suddenly
into
that
Count's
Territories
,
and
presently
took
from
him
Cahors
and
Moissack
.
Philip
,
in
mighty
Indignation
for
this
Action
,
and
moved
with
the
Complaints
of
the
Count
,
who
came
to
implore
his
Succour
,
as
his
Soveraign
,
immediately
made
a
powerful
Diversion
in
the
Provinces
of
the
English
;
where
he
took
Castle-Roux
,
Busencais
,
Argemon
,
Levroux
,
Montrichard
,
and
all
the
places
which
the
English
at
that
time
possessed
in
Avergne
and
Berry
.
Henry
,
on
his
part
,
did
not
fail
to
make
haste
to
his
Son's
Assistance
,
who
went
to
joyn
him
in
Normandy
.
year
1188
Philip
also
marched
thither
with
his
Victorious
Army
,
where
he
obtained
great
Advantages
against
the
English
,
till
at
length
,
a
Conference
for
Peace
was
held
near
Bonmoulin
,
at
which
the
Earls
of
Flanders
and
Champaigne
,
with
divers
other
Princes
,
continually
importuned
the
King
to
conclude
,
protesting
to
him
that
otherwise
they
would
desert
him
,
for
that
they
were
resolved
to
accomplish
their
Vow
in
going
to
the
Holy
War
.
There
never
was
any
Conference
managed
with
greater
Dexterity
and
Policy
,
than
this
was
by
King
Philip
:
For
knowing
perfectly
the
Humour
and
the
Interests
of
the
King
of
England
and
his
Son
,
he
only
demanded
that
the
Princess
Alice
,
his
Sister
,
whom
the
late
King
,
his
Father
,
had
designed
to
be
married
to
Richard
,
and
who
was
kept
in
Custody
by
Henry
,
should
be
put
into
the
hands
of
her
intended
Husband
,
since
they
were
now
both
of
Age
;
and
that
Richard
should
be
declared
joynt
King
of
England
with
his
Father
,
as
the
deceased
Prince
Henry
had
been
,
who
had
married
Margaret
,
the
eldest
Sister
of
the
Princess
Alice
.
Henry
,
against
whom
the
Prince
,
his
eldest
Son
,
supported
by
the
French
,
had
formerly
made
a
most
cruel
War
,
fearing
lest
Richard
,
who
was
no
less
ambitious
than
his
Brother
,
should
create
him
the
same
trouble
;
or
possibly
,
having
his
Soul
pre-possessed
with
another
Passion
,
less
excusable
,
but
more
strong
than
either
Fear
or
Policy
,
would
by
no
means
agree
to
these
two
Articles
.
So
that
this
Conference
produced
no
other
Effects
,
but
only
a
Truce
of
a
few
Months
during
the
Winter
;
and
that
which
Philip
had
foreseen
,
did
not
fail
to
happen
,
to
his
advantage
,
as
well
as
according
to
his
Expectation
;
for
Richard
,
who
was
of
a
Temper
extream
ambitious
and
turbulent
,
was
so
exasperated
with
this
Denyal
,
that
he
instantly
abandoned
his
Father
,
and
passed
into
the
Party
and
Interests
of
Philip
,
did
him
Homage
for
all
the
Lands
which
he
held
in
France
,
and
promised
him
an
inviolable
Fidelity
,
and
to
serve
him
against
all
Persons
whatsoever
,
even
his
own
Father
;
as
he
did
.
And
indeed
,
as
soon
as
the
short
Truce
which
had
been
made
,
came
to
be
expired
,
which
it
did
the
next
Spring
,
the
King
,
with
all
his
Forces
,
joyned
with
those
of
Richard
,
who
had
drawn
to
his
Party
,
besides
the
Gascons
and
Poitenins
,
his
Vassals
,
many
Angevins
and
Bretons
,
marched
against
Henry
,
who
lay
with
a
very
few
Troops
at
Saumur
.
But
the
Cardinal
d'
Anaigne
,
the
Pope's
Legate
,
who
succeeded
in
the
place
of
the
Cardinal
d'Albano
,
who
was
dead
not
long
before
,
negotiated
so
happily
with
the
two
Kings
,
that
they
promised
to
meet
in
Whitsun-Week
,
near
Ferte-Benard
;
and
there
amicably
to
treat
before
him
,
and
the
Archbishops
of
Reims
,
Bourges
,
Rean
and
Canterbury
;
who
were
to
decide
all
their
Differences
.
Whereupon
these
Prelates
instantly
pronounced
an
Anathema
against
all
those
,
of
what
Quality
soever
,
except
the
Persons
of
the
two
Kings
,
who
should
any
way
go
about
to
obstruct
the
Conclusion
of
a
Peace
so
necessary
to
all
Christendom
;
and
without
which
,
the
Crusade
would
become
wholly
ineffectual
.
The
Kings
,
and
Richard
Duke
of
Guienne
,
and
Earl
of
Poitiers
,
accompanied
with
all
the
Great
Men
of
both
Realms
,
being
come
to
the
place
designed
for
the
Conference
,
Philip
demanded
as
before
,
That
his
Sister
,
the
Princess
Alice
,
who
was
affianced
to
Duke
Richard
,
should
be
delivered
to
him
by
King
Henry
,
who
,
contrary
to
all
Justice
,
had
kept
her
from
him
:
And
that
John
,
the
third
Son
of
King
Henry
,
usually
called
Sans-Terre
,
Without
Land
,
to
whom
it
seems
the
King
,
to
take
off
that
ignominious
Name
,
had
given
his
Interest
in
Ireland
,
should
also
take
up
the
Cross
.
Henry
,
on
the
contrary
,
persisted
obstinately
in
his
Protestations
,
that
he
would
never
suffer
this
Marriage
,
although
he
said
he
would
give
his
Consent
,
or
at
least
,
made
that
Pretence
,
that
the
Princess
should
marry
John
,
the
youngest
Brother
of
Richard
;
knowing
well
that
that
fierce
and
haughty
Prince
would
never
suffer
tamely
that
Indignity
to
be
put
upon
him
.
Whereupon
Philip
seeing
there
was
nothing
further
to
be
expected
from
that
Conference
,
broke
it
up
,
and
protested
that
he
would
do
himself
Justice
by
his
Arms
,
since
he
was
refused
it
by
Reason
.
But
the
Cardinal
d'
Anaigne
,
without
considering
that
the
Injury
proceeded
from
him
,
who
obstinately
refused
to
accomplish
a
Treaty
so
solemnly
sworn
;
whereas
he
ought
to
have
pressed
the
King
of
England
to
keep
his
Promise
,
and
to
restore
the
Princess
Alice
to
her
designed
Husband
,
year
1188
and
not
to
put
such
an
invincible
Obstacle
to
the
Peace
,
by
so
manifest
and
unjust
an
Infraction
of
the
Treaty
,
fell
upon
Philip
the
August
,
and
spoke
to
him
with
a
surprizing
Confidence
,
in
such
Language
as
,
without
doubt
,
Pope
Clement
had
made
no
part
,
either
of
his
Commission
or
Instructions
:
For
he
told
him
plainly
,
That
if
he
did
not
entirely
accord
Matters
with
the
King
of
England
,
he
would
put
the
whole
Realm
of
France
under
an
Interdict
.
To
which
Philip
,
who
had
a
great
Soul
,
and
who
was
perfectly
acquainted
with
the
Extent
,
both
of
the
Bounds
of
his
own
Power
,
and
that
of
the
Church
,
which
are
two
Orders
very
different
,
and
which
have
both
their
just
Limits
,
answered
him
very
readily
,
That
he
did
not
in
the
least
stand
in
fear
of
that
Sentence
;
and
that
,
being
most
unjust
,
as
there
could
be
no
doubt
but
it
was
,
it
must
therefore
be
mill
and
void
.
That
Rome
never
had
any
Right
to
make
any
Judgment
against
the
Realm
of
France
,
whether
the
King
should
take
up
Arms
or
not
,
either
to
oblige
his
Enemies
to
do
him
Reason
,
or
to
chastise
his
Rebellious
Subjects
.
And
for
any
thing
more
,
the
Sentence
seemed
to
be
the
Product
of
English
Sterling
,
and
not
to
proceed
from
a
dis-interessed
Legate
;
whose
Duty
was
to
perform
the
Office
of
a
common
Father
,
in
the
place
of
the
Pope
,
whom
he
was
sent
to
represent
.
This
was
to
speak
like
a
great
King
,
who
,
without
Emotion
,
knew
how
to
maintain
the
Rights
of
his
Crown
independent
from
any
other
but
God
alone
;
and
to
preserve
his
Soveraign
Authority
,
without
shocking
that
of
the
Church
,
whose
Kingdom
is
wholly
spiritual
,
and
which
it
holds
from
Jesus
Christ
;
and
therefore
,
as
he
hath
assured
us
,
is
not
of
this
World
.
But
Prince
Richard
,
who
though
he
had
seen
as
many
Years
as
Philip
,
was
not
by
far
so
moderate
;
nor
so
much
Master
of
his
Passion
,
as
to
be
able
to
contain
himself
in
such
reasonable
Terms
:
For
finding
himself
particularly
interessed
in
this
Procedure
of
the
Legate
,
which
wholly
ruined
all
his
Pretensions
,
he
was
so
transported
,
that
running
furiously
upon
him
with
his
Sword
in
his
Hand
,
without
considering
where
he
was
,
or
what
he
was
about
to
do
,
he
had
undoubtedly
run
him
through
,
if
the
Archbishops
and
Lords
,
who
assisted
at
the
Conference
,
had
not
all
together
rushed
upon
this
violent
Prince
,
to
stop
his
Fury
,
and
thereby
given
opportunity
to
the
Legate
,
half
dead
with
Fear
,
to
secure
himself
by
Flight
from
the
greatest
Danger
that
ever
he
had
run
in
all
his
Life
.
The
Preliminary
Discourse
of
the
Peace
being
thus
broken
,
Philip
,
who
was
powerfully
armed
,
pursued
his
Point
so
vigorously
,
that
he
took
Ferte-Benard
,
Montfort
,
Beaumont
,
and
some
other
places
;
and
afterwards
attacked
,
and
by
Force
carried
Mans
,
from
whence
Henry
,
who
was
retired
thither
,
did
,
not
without
great
difficulty
,
escape
to
Chinon
,
after
having
lost
the
greatest
part
of
his
Men
in
that
Retreat
,
which
was
little
better
than
a
Flight
.
His
Son
John
also
,
whom
,
among
all
his
Children
,
he
loved
the
most
tenderly
,
abandoned
him
,
to
joyn
with
Philip
,
who
,
at
the
Head
of
his
Army
,
passing
the
first
over
a
Ford
upon
the
Loir
,
took
Tours
by
Assault
.
After
which
,
the
King
of
England
,
being
in
fear
of
his
own
Person
,
and
having
no
assured
place
of
Retreat
,
was
forced
to
submit
to
the
Law
of
the
Vanquisher
,
and
accept
such
a
Peace
as
he
would
please
to
give
him
;
which
was
upon
these
following
Conditions
:
That
Henry
should
pay
to
Philip
twenty
thousand
Marks
in
Silver
,
for
the
Expences
of
the
War
.
That
he
should
put
the
Princess
Alice
into
the
Hands
of
such
as
should
be
appointed
by
the
King
and
Prince
Richard
,
who
was
to
marry
her
after
his
Return
from
the
Holy
Land
.
That
the
two
Kings
and
Prince
Richard
should
Rendesvouz
in
the
Mid-lent
of
the
Year
following
at
Vezelay
,
to
begin
together
the
Voyage
which
they
were
obliged
to
by
their
Vow
.
That
the
Vassals
of
the
King
of
England
should
take
an
Oath
of
Fealty
to
Richard
;
and
that
those
of
them
who
had
followed
him
in
this
War
,
should
not
be
obliged
to
render
their
Homage
to
Henry
,
till
such
time
as
they
were
to
go
this
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
.
That
the
Great
Men
of
England
should
promise
to
abandon
the
King
,
in
case
he
should
fail
in
the
performance
of
any
one
of
these
Articles
;
and
that
in
the
Interim
,
Philip
and
Richard
should
hold
certain
Towns
in
Hostage
,
till
such
time
as
he
should
fully
and
truly
have
performed
what
was
comprehended
in
the
Treaty
.
It
is
reported
,
that
as
the
two
Kings
were
in
a
Treaty
in
the
open
Field
,
towards
the
end
of
June
,
between
Tours
and
Chinon
,
concerning
the
Articles
of
this
Peace
,
year
1189
which
seemed
very
insupportable
to
Henry
,
there
happened
,
two
days
successively
,
two
most
terrible
Claps
of
Thunder
,
although
the
Heavens
were
so
serene
,
that
there
was
not
the
least
speck
of
a
Cloud
to
be
seen
in
the
Sky
;
at
which
Henry
was
so
dreadfully
amazed
,
that
if
some
of
his
Followers
had
not
instantly
run
to
him
,
to
support
him
,
he
had
fallen
from
his
Horse
:
and
that
being
thereupon
struck
with
mortal
Apprehensions
of
some
terrible
Punishment
from
Heaven
,
if
he
persisted
longer
to
retard
the
Crusade
,
by
refusing
the
Peace
,
he
accorded
to
Philip
whatsoever
he
demanded
,
and
immediately
signed
the
Treaty
.
He
had
,
nevertheless
,
a
few
Moments
after
,
so
many
terrible
Assaults
of
Shame
and
Grief
upon
his
Soul
,
and
was
,
in
particular
,
so
sensibly
touched
with
the
undutiful
Actions
of
his
own
Children
,
who
had
,
from
being
one
of
the
greatest
and
most
glorious
Princes
in
the
Universe
,
reduced
him
into
that
piteous
Estate
,
to
comply
so
meanly
and
tamely
to
what
was
imposed
upon
him
,
that
he
presently
fell
desperately
sick
,
and
in
three
days
time
dyed
,
in
the
sixty
first
Year
of
his
Age
,
upon
the
Octave
of
the
Apostles
,
St.
Peter
and
St.
Paul
,
at
the
Castle
of
Chinon
,
bestowing
his
Maledictions
upon
his
disobedient
Sons
,
which
he
would
never
be
persuaded
to
revoke
,
notwithstanding
the
repeated
Instances
which
were
made
to
him
by
the
Bishops
who
waited
on
him
in
his
Sickness
.
He
did
,
however
,
receive
the
Sacrament
,
and
Extream
Unction
,
with
great
Devotion
;
giving
manifest
Tokens
of
his
Repentance
,
in
submitting
to
the
Divine
Justice
,
which
he
acknowledged
,
had
justly
laid
this
great
Change
of
Fortune
upon
him
,
as
a
Punishment
for
those
Crimes
which
he
had
committed
in
his
Prosperity
.
He
had
also
the
Misfortune
,
that
his
Domesticks
,
every
one
seizing
upon
something
,
left
him
without
any
thing
else
but
a
poor
Sheet
to
cover
him
.
But
his
Son
Richard
,
who
had
so
furiously
opposed
him
in
his
Life
,
gave
all
the
Testimonies
of
an
excessive
Sorrow
for
his
Death
,
and
caused
him
to
be
carried
,
most
magnificently
adorned
in
his
Royal
Robes
,
to
be
interred
at
the
Nunnery
of
Fontevraud
,
where
he
had
a
desire
to
be
buried
.
This
new
King
himself
assisted
at
the
Funerals
,
where
he
testified
,
by
the
abundance
of
his
Tears
,
that
he
was
unfeignedly
touched
with
Sorrow
and
Remorse
for
his
Father's
Death
.
But
it
is
reported
that
,
to
his
other
Grief
,
he
had
the
Displeasure
to
be
afflicted
with
an
odd
and
unaccountable
Accident
;
for
,
as
he
approached
the
Corps
of
the
deceased
King
,
as
he
lay
in
the
Coffin
,
the
Blood
which
gushed
out
of
his
Nostrils
seemed
to
reproach
him
with
his
Ingratitude
,
and
unnatural
Rebellion
,
and
even
,
as
the
Discourse
went
,
the
Parricide
of
his
Father
;
whom
his
Disobedience
did
,
in
some
measure
,
seem
to
have
hastned
to
his
Tomb
sooner
than
Nature
,
which
was
yet
strong
and
vigorous
in
him
,
had
intended
.
He
,
nevertheless
,
stayed
out
the
whole
Ceremony
,
till
such
time
as
the
Royal
Defunct
was
interred
in
the
Quire
of
the
Church
of
those
Religious
Nuns
;
which
verified
the
Revelation
of
a
Monk
,
who
praying
,
upon
a
certain
time
,
for
the
Prosperity
of
the
King
,
heard
these
words
,
which
he
then
did
not
understand
,
but
which
were
explained
by
the
Event
;
He
shall
take
up
my
Sign
,
and
in
carrying
it
,
shall
be
mightily
tormented
:
The
Belly
of
his
Wife
shall
rise
up
against
him
;
and
at
the
last
,
he
shall
be
hid
among
the
Veils
.
For
,
as
he
took
the
Cross
for
the
Holy
War
,
he
carried
the
Sign
of
Jesus
Christ
;
and
he
was
immediately
after
cruelly
tormented
by
the
Persecutions
of
his
Sons
,
which
continued
till
his
Death
;
after
which
,
he
was
covered
with
the
Veil
of
Death
,
being
interred
in
a
Quire
of
Veiled
Nuns
.
We
must
however
,
do
Justice
to
the
Memory
of
this
Prince
,
who
was
one
in
this
Crusade
,
though
it
so
happened
,
that
he
never
had
his
part
in
any
Action
,
in
regard
it
was
so
long
deferred
by
the
War
,
whereof
he
was
the
Occasion
.
He
was
a
French
Man
by
Nation
,
born
in
the
City
of
Mans
,
which
he
therefore
used
to
call
his
Darling
:
and
most
assuredly
,
he
was
one
of
the
greatest
,
and
most
potent
Kings
that
ever
sat
upon
the
English
Throne
;
and
certainly
,
had
been
the
most
fortunate
,
if
either
he
had
never
been
a
Father
,
or
if
,
toward
the
latter
end
of
his
thirty
and
five
Years
Reign
,
he
had
not
met
with
the
Opposition
of
the
young
and
invincible
Philip
the
August
,
whose
Fortune
,
supported
by
his
Courage
and
admirable
Prudence
,
was
as
a
fatal
Curb
,
which
,
according
to
the
Prediction
of
the
famous
Morling
,
was
to
tame
this
fierce
and
haughty
Leopard
;
or
like
a
strong
Dam
,
which
stopped
short
,
and
broke
that
impetuous
Torrent
of
his
Power
and
Ambition
,
year
1189
which
menaced
an
Inundation
over
the
rest
of
France
,
whereof
Henry
already
possessed
a
very
great
part
:
For
,
besides
England
,
where
he
reigned
as
Soveraign
Monarch
;
and
Ireland
,
which
he
had
conquered
;
Scotland
,
which
was
Tributary
to
him
;
he
also
possessed
Normandy
in
the
Right
of
Inheritance
,
descending
to
him
by
his
Mother
Maud
,
the
Empress
,
Daughter
of
Henry
I.
King
of
England
;
and
by
Geoffrey
,
Earl
of
Anjou
,
his
Father
,
who
was
Son
to
Count
Fowk
;
he
had
Anjou
,
Maine
,
Touraine
,
a
great
part
of
Berry
and
Avignion
,
where
he
pretended
to
be
Soveraign
:
And
,
in
Right
of
Queen
Eleonor
,
his
Wife
,
whom
Lewis
the
Young
quitted
to
him
,
by
a
Canonical
Sentence
,
he
had
Gascon
,
Guienne
,
Poitou
,
and
the
other
Countries
which
depended
upon
them
:
Besides
that
,
Britanny
fell
to
his
third
Son
Geoffrey
,
by
the
Marriage
of
the
Heiress
of
that
Country
.
So
that
he
was
as
potent
on
this
Side
the
Sea
,
where
he
was
a
Homager
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
as
he
was
on
the
other
side
,
where
he
was
King
of
England
,
and
Lord
of
Ireland
.
He
was
of
a
middle
Stature
,
but
of
a
Shape
no
way
handsom
,
by
reason
that
he
was
extream
gross
and
corpulent
,
notwithstanding
that
he
was
,
not
only
very
temperate
,
but
amidst
the
great
Affairs
in
which
he
was
always
employed
,
and
which
he
managed
with
wonderful
Application
,
in
continual
Action
;
either
travelling
,
or
Walking
,
or
making
use
of
the
more
violent
Exercises
of
Riding
the
great
Horse
,
or
Hunting
;
that
thereby
he
might
abate
the
growing
unwieldy
by
his
Fatness
,
to
which
his
Sanguin
Complexion
had
condemned
him
.
As
for
any
thing
else
,
he
was
of
Temperament
,
robust
and
sound
;
having
a
large
,
full
Breast
,
and
a
big
Head
:
His
Eyes
were
blew
,
handsom
,
and
full
of
Fire
:
His
Hair
yellow
and
soft
,
inclining
something
too
much
towards
the
red
:
His
Voice
hoarse
,
his
Speech
rough
,
and
his
Mind
very
fierce
and
Martial
.
For
his
Mind
,
he
was
very
dexterous
,
and
of
a
penetrating
Understanding
;
but
something
more
crafty
than
became
so
great
a
Prince
:
He
had
,
however
,
cultivated
his
Spirit
with
the
Study
of
Ingenuous
Learning
,
which
inabled
him
with
a
certain
Eloquence
,
very
easily
and
naturally
to
express
himself
.
And
there
was
in
his
Soul
such
a
Stock
of
Vices
,
as
well
as
Vertues
,
natural
Perfections
and
Imperfections
;
which
were
so
blended
together
,
that
if
they
would
not
permit
it
to
be
said
of
him
,
that
he
was
a
very
exceeding
good
Prince
,
yet
they
very
absolutely
prohibit
the
fixing
the
Character
of
a
very
ill
one
upon
him
:
For
he
was
gentle
and
sweet
to
every
body
,
when
he
was
in
dangers
;
but
harsh
,
fierce
and
severe
when
he
saw
himself
out
of
them
:
he
was
complaisant
abroad
,
morose
to
his
Domesticks
;
liberal
to
Strangers
,
and
in
publick
,
but
parsimonious
to
his
own
,
and
too
great
a
Husband
in
his
private
Affairs
:
A
great
Promiser
,
but
a
slender
Performer
;
above
all
things
,
loving
his
Liberty
,
and
hating
Constraint
,
to
that
degree
,
that
he
could
not
endure
to
be
a
Slave
to
his
own
Word
,
or
his
Faith
,
which
he
made
no
great
scruple
,
upon
occasion
,
to
violate
.
In
matters
of
Justice
,
he
was
too
slow
;
and
sometimes
,
by
the
Interposition
of
Money
,
which
he
loved
excessively
,
he
would
wholly
remit
the
Execution
of
it
.
He
drew
great
Sums
from
his
Subjects
,
with
which
he
often
chose
rather
to
buy
Peace
,
than
maintain
War
,
in
which
he
did
not
delight
;
though
when
he
was
forced
to
make
War
,
he
did
it
like
a
great
Captain
,
and
an
expert
Soldier
;
shewing
more
Tenderness
and
Goodness
towards
his
Soldiers
,
when
he
understood
they
were
slain
,
and
in
lamenting
their
Deaths
,
than
he
used
to
shew
to
them
whilst
they
were
living
:
He
was
wonderful
kind
to
the
Church-men
,
and
above
all
,
to
the
Bishops
,
whom
he
always
loved
to
have
about
him
;
but
yet
not
concerning
himself
much
with
their
Franchises
and
Privileges
,
to
which
he
had
but
very
little
regard
:
He
was
a
passionate
Lover
of
his
Children
,
but
he
was
ever
raising
Differences
among
them
,
one
with
another
,
to
prevent
their
falling
into
Quarrels
with
himself
;
but
this
proved
an
unlucky
Project
to
him
,
and
at
last
was
the
occasion
that
they
all
joyned
together
against
him
.
He
was
magnanimous
and
generous
in
his
Enterprises
;
but
withal
,
so
haughtily
ambitious
,
that
he
was
used
to
say
,
that
the
whole
Earth
was
not
sufficient
to
satiate
the
Desires
of
a
King
like
him
:
He
was
equally
constant
in
his
Love
and
Hate
,
which
he
did
not
easily
change
;
a
great
Patron
of
Widows
,
Orphans
,
of
poor
distressed
People
who
were
without
Support
,
of
whom
he
took
great
care
;
above
all
,
he
was
kind
to
such
as
had
the
Misfortune
to
be
Shipwrack'd
upon
the
English
Coasts
;
year
1189
abolishing
that
barbarous
Custom
which
had
long
prevailed
,
of
despoiling
such
miscrable
Persons
of
all
that
which
they
had
saved
from
the
Sea
,
except
their
Lives
,
which
the
Country
People
were
used
to
call
,
God's
Goods
:
He
was
a
great
Lover
of
the
publick
Peace
and
Tranquility
,
which
he
maintained
in
his
Dominion
,
by
the
rigorous
Justice
which
he
caused
to
be
dispensed
to
such
notorious
Malefactors
as
were
found
Disturbers
of
them
;
so
that
he
cleared
his
Estates
of
Thieves
,
Robbers
and
Murderers
:
He
was
pious
,
and
fearing
God
;
but
very
shy
and
reserved
to
the
Church-men
,
after
the
publick
Penance
which
he
did
for
the
Death
of
Becket
.
But
all
these
Vertues
,
which
cannot
,
without
Injustice
,
be
suppressed
,
were
dishonoured
by
his
great
Vices
;
and
principally
,
by
his
Impudicity
and
Avarice
;
which
prevailed
so
upon
him
,
that
,
besides
the
Exactions
,
which
were
very
great
,
which
he
imposed
upon
his
People
,
he
ever
protected
the
Jews
;
dissembling
his
Knowledge
of
their
Insolencies
against
the
Christians
,
because
of
the
great
Gain
which
these
faithless
Usurers
made
,
whereof
he
had
a
Share
.
He
would
also
suffer
long
Vacancies
in
the
Bishopricks
,
to
the
end
he
might
enjoy
their
Revenues
;
giving
a
very
slender
Reason
in
Excuse
;
That
it
was
much
better
for
him
to
employ
that
Money
for
the
Service
of
the
Realm
,
than
that
it
should
be
spent
in
the
Prodigalities
of
proud
and
pompous
Trains
,
Pleasures
and
Delicacies
,
as
the
Bishops
wasted
it
,
after
the
manner
of
the
wicked
World
,
and
in
a
way
far
different
from
the
Temperance
and
Vertue
of
their
Predecessors
of
the
ancient
Church
.
But
in
talking
at
this
rate
,
he
condemned
himself
,
excusing
one
fault
by
committing
another
,
far
greater
than
that
which
he
reproached
;
for
he
usually
bestowed
the
Revenues
upon
such
a
sort
of
People
as
,
by
the
notorious
scandalous
way
of
their
living
,
even
in
his
own
Judgment
,
rendred
themselves
unworthy
of
them
:
Whereas
he
ought
rather
to
have
taken
care
that
those
great
Revenues
should
have
been
expended
according
to
the
Rules
of
the
Church
,
by
the
Nomination
of
good
Subjects
,
and
worthy
Men
,
to
those
high
and
great
Preferments
:
And
indeed
,
he
did
,
in
a
great
measure
,
towards
the
end
of
his
Life
and
Reign
,
make
a
Reparation
for
this
Errour
;
which
occasioned
him
much
Trouble
,
and
raised
many
uneasie
Scruples
in
his
Soul
;
for
he
nominated
to
the
Archbishoprick
of
Canterbury
,
Baldwin
,
a
Cistertian
Monk
,
a
most
excellent
Man
;
and
to
the
See
of
Lincoln
,
he
preferred
St.
Hugh
,
the
Chartreux
,
the
Person
,
of
all
the
Prelates
of
his
time
,
who
took
the
holy
Liberty
to
represent
their
Failings
to
the
Kings
,
his
Contemporaries
,
by
that
marvellous
Authority
which
,
by
the
Sanctity
of
his
Life
,
he
had
so
deservedly
acquired
.
In
short
,
The
great
Medly
of
Vertues
and
of
Vices
in
this
King
,
were
also
accompanied
with
that
of
his
good
and
evil
Fortune
;
but
with
this
remarkable
difference
;
that
his
happy
State
lasted
thirty
Years
,
wherein
he
flourished
in
all
Earthly
Glory
and
Felicity
;
whereas
he
was
persecuted
by
his
ill
Destiny
,
but
for
the
last
five
Years
of
his
Life
;
and
that
too
was
occasioned
by
his
invincible
Wilfulness
,
in
refusing
Peace
upon
such
just
and
honourable
Conditions
as
were
tendred
:
Whereby
he
brought
upon
himself
that
War
,
which
,
for
two
Years
,
retarded
the
Effect
of
the
Crusade
in
France
and
England
;
so
that
it
was
begun
by
the
Germans
alone
,
with
abundance
of
Zeal
and
Courage
.
For
presently
after
the
Conference
in
the
Field
of
Gisors
,
where
the
two
Kings
took
upon
them
the
Cross
,
Henry
Cardinal
d'
Albano
,
the
Pope's
Legate
,
and
William
Archbishop
of
Tyre
,
passed
into
Germany
,
to
persuade
the
Emperor
to
undertake
the
Holy
War
.
The
Emperor
then
reigning
,
was
the
famous
Frederick
,
the
first
of
that
Name
,
formerly
Duke
of
Suabia
;
who
after
having
so
gloriously
assisted
his
Uncle
Conrade
,
in
the
second
Crusade
,
succeeded
him
in
the
Imperial
Throne
,
which
he
possessed
for
six
and
thirty
Years
,
with
much
Glory
and
Prosperity
;
leaving
throughout
all
Germany
,
Poland
and
Italy
,
the
illustrious
Marks
of
the
greatness
of
his
Courage
,
his
Mind
,
his
Vertues
,
and
his
admirable
Actions
.
And
were
it
possible
to
obliterate
the
deadly
Remembrance
of
the
Schism
,
which
,
by
an
unhappy
Engagement
,
he
made
in
the
Church
,
and
which
he
so
long
supported
with
his
Arms
,
year
1189
it
might
with
great
Justice
be
affirmed
that
his
Reign
ought
to
be
esteemed
as
the
greatest
of
any
Prince
that
ever
the
Empire
had
,
since
the
Death
of
the
celebrated
Charlemain
.
He
was
then
about
sixty
and
eight
Years
of
Age
,
of
a
Port
extremely
Majestick
,
a
Stature
somewhat
surpassing
the
middle
,
but
of
a
Proportion
in
all
the
Parts
of
his
Body
,
regular
and
Exact
;
and
from
which
his
Age
which
did
him
no
other
Injury
but
to
render
him
Venerable
,
had
not
taken
much
of
that
natural
Force
,
which
he
had
in
so
great
a
Measure
,
and
which
was
accompanied
with
an
admirable
Agility
in
all
manner
of
Exercises
:
The
turn
of
his
Face
was
very
fine
,
and
the
Lines
delicate
considering
his
Age
;
his
Cheeks
were
plump
,
his
Eye-brows
large
,
his
Eyes
very
sweet
,
and
yet
lively
and
piercing
,
his
Speech
agreeable
,
his
Mouth
smiling
,
and
his
Air
so
engaging
that
to
whomsoever
he
did
the
Honour
but
once
to
speak
,
they
found
it
impossible
to
defend
themselves
from
his
Charmes
;
and
he
always
left
the
Image
of
Majesty
so
deeply
imprinted
and
graven
in
their
Memories
,
that
it
was
impossible
to
efface
it
from
the
Mind
,
or
to
prevent
its
being
continually
present
to
their
Remembrance
;
his
Hair
by
reason
of
the
Change
which
so
many
Years
had
brought
upon
it
,
was
perfect
white
,
which
still
seemed
to
add
something
more
Venerable
to
his
Majesty
,
though
the
Natural
Colour
of
it
had
been
red
,
from
whence
he
came
to
acquire
the
Name
of
Barbarousse
,
or
Red
beard
,
a
Name
which
his
fair
and
glorious
Actions
,
have
rendred
as
famous
among
Historians
,
as
those
others
more
beautiful
,
which
have
been
given
to
the
most
renowned
Princes
to
distinguish
them
by
a
particular
Appellation
and
as
an
Elogy
for
their
Vertues
and
Atchievements
.
As
for
the
Perfections
of
his
Soul
,
they
yet
far
surpassed
those
of
his
Body
;
for
he
had
a
most
Beautiful
Mind
,
a
most
happy
Memory
,
which
being
joyned
with
the
long
Experience
,
and
the
Care
he
had
taken
to
instruct
himself
in
all
things
,
had
made
him
acquire
an
infinite
Number
of
such
pretty
Sorts
of
Learning
and
Knowledge
,
as
might
well
rank
him
in
the
Catalogue
of
the
most
able
men
of
his
Time
.
He
was
extreme
Wife
and
Judicious
,
Liberal
and
of
great
Humanity
,
Affable
and
Courteous
to
all
men
,
condescending
even
to
the
meanest
of
his
Subjects
;
but
terrible
to
his
Enemies
,
and
above
all
to
Rebels
,
a
great
Captain
,
personally
Valiant
and
fearless
in
the
greatest
Dangers
,
always
carrying
himself
with
mighty
Evenness
,
and
Temper
in
both
the
one
and
the
other
Fortune
,
though
it
was
his
Happiness
not
to
be
much
acquainted
with
the
Worse
.
Being
such
as
I
have
now
described
him
,
and
therefore
equally
feared
,
loved
and
respected
by
all
the
Princes
of
the
Empire
,
he
had
called
a
General
Diet
at
Mayence
to
meet
the
Fourth
Sunday
in
Lont
,
in
the
Year
1188.
there
the
Legates
came
in
Person
,
where
after
they
had
happily
composed
all
the
Differences
,
which
remained
between
several
Princes
and
Cities
of
the
Empire
,
they
made
the
same
Remonstrances
for
relieving
the
Christians
of
Palestine
which
they
had
before
made
to
the
Kings
of
France
and
England
.
Frederick
who
for
above
ten
years
had
fully
reconciled
himself
with
the
Church
,
had
before
formed
that
generous
Resolution
,
for
his
own
Satisfaction
,
to
employ
those
Arms
for
Jesus
Christ
,
against
the
Sarasins
,
which
by
the
Misfortunes
of
the
Times
,
he
had
made
use
of
against
the
Christians
.
He
nevertheless
demanded
the
Advice
of
the
Assembly
thereupon
,
but
in
such
a
manner
as
made
it
easily
be
known
,
what
was
in
the
Intention
of
his
Soul
;
for
he
only
proposed
whether
it
was
to
the
Purpose
,
not
whether
he
should
refuse
that
Assistance
which
Jesus
Christ
himself
demanded
of
him
,
which
was
such
a
cowardly
and
shameful
Ingratitude
,
which
he
knew
the
whole
Assembly
would
disdain
,
but
whether
he
should
defer
taking
up
the
Cross
,
after
that
the
French
and
English
had
with
much
Ardour
embraced
it
.
Whereupon
all
the
Princes
and
the
Prelates
,
and
all
the
Deputies
of
the
Cities
,
cried
out
with
one
Voice
,
as
if
the
Emperor
had
at
the
same
instant
inspired
them
all
,
with
his
one
Zeal
and
Courage
,
That
without
deferring
any
longer
,
they
ought
to
take
up
the
Cross
,
that
all
the
World
might
see
that
the
German
Nation
,
especially
under
such
an
Emperor
,
would
never
yield
,
either
in
their
Zeal
,
or
in
their
Courage
to
the
English
,
French
,
or
any
Nation
under
Heaven
.
So
that
now
there
was
nothing
more
to
be
done
but
to
conclude
the
Holy
War
and
the
Crusade
.
The
Emperor
at
the
same
instant
descending
from
his
Throne
to
receive
the
Cross
by
the
Hands
of
the
Legates
,
year
1189
being
assisted
by
Godfrey
Bishop
of
Wirtsburgh
,
and
Frederick
Duke
of
Suabia
his
Second
Son
,
who
had
already
taken
it
himself
upon
the
hearing
the
sad
news
of
the
Loss
of
Jerusalem
,
but
now
would
have
it
also
in
Ceremony
after
the
Emperor
his
Father
.
The
greatest
part
of
those
who
were
present
at
that
Assembly
following
that
illustrious
Example
also
took
upon
them
the
Cross
with
an
incredible
Ardour
.
The
Principal
of
which
were
Leopold
Duke
of
Austria
,
Berthodus
Duke
of
Moravia
,
Herman
Marquis
of
Baden
,
the
Counts
de
Nassau
,
de
Thuringe
,
de
Missen
,
de
Hollandia
,
and
more
than
sixty
others
of
the
most
eniment
Princes
of
the
Empire
;
the
Bishops
of
Besanson
,
Cambray
,
Munster
,
Osnabrug
,
Missen
,
Passau
,
Wirzbourg
and
more
then
ten
besides
,
all
which
besides
the
Legates
,
went
immediately
to
preach
the
Crusade
in
their
several
Diocesses
,
and
throughout
Germany
,
where
an
infinite
Number
of
People
of
all
Conditions
took
up
the
Cross
.
But
the
Emperor
,
who
knew
by
the
Experience
of
the
Second
Crusade
,
that
two
great
a
Multitude
occasioned
nothing
but
Cumber
,
Trouble
and
famine
in
an
Army
,
therefore
caused
an
Edict
to
be
published
by
which
he
prohibited
,
all
those
who
were
not
able
to
expend
three
marks
in
Silver
to
provide
themselves
of
Necessaries
for
so
long
a
Voyage
,
to
engage
in
it
or
list
themselves
for
this
Expedition
;
and
also
commanded
those
of
the
greatest
Ability
,
to
make
the
best
Preparation
for
it
that
they
were
able
,
that
so
they
might
have
wherewith
to
serve
themselves
in
their
Necessities
.
After
which
he
gave
Command
that
all
the
Crusades
should
repair
to
their
Colours
at
Ratisbonne
,
in
the
Month
of
April
,
the
Year
insuing
,
where
he
promised
without
fail
to
be
himself
upon
the
Feast
of
St.
George
,
and
that
he
would
then
immediately
advance
without
staying
for
the
rest
.
This
being
done
he
sent
four
several
Ambassadours
to
so
many
Princes
with
whom
he
must
necessarily
treat
,
before
he
undertook
any
thing
further
.
Henry
Earl
of
Diets
was
sent
to
Saladin
,
to
summon
them
to
restore
the
Holy
Land
which
he
had
usurped
from
the
Christians
,
as
also
the
Wood
of
the
Holy
Cross
which
he
had
taken
at
the
Battle
of
Tiberias
,
and
in
Case
of
his
refusal
to
denounce
War
against
him
from
the
Emperor
.
I
do
not
here
pretend
to
insert
the
Letters
of
these
two
great
Princes
,
which
pass
for
Currant
with
many
Historians
,
in
regard
that
it
appears
clearly
that
they
are
Counterfiets
,
and
the
Forgeries
of
some
Prolifick
Scribe
,
who
had
more
desire
to
please
,
than
Art
in
the
compiling
of
them
,
so
as
to
render
them
either
probable
or
Pleasant
.
Godfrey
Baron
of
Wisenbach
was
dispatched
to
the
Sultan
of
Iconium
,
who
pretended
to
be
a
Wonderful
Friend
to
the
Christians
,
and
who
made
many
strong
Protestations
,
that
he
and
all
his
should
ever
be
at
the
Emperors
Service
,
who
might
at
his
Pleasure
pass
through
his
Estates
with
the
same
Freedom
as
if
they
were
his
own
.
Frederick
also
himself
at
the
same
time
writ
to
the
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
and
sent
to
desire
Passage
through
his
Territories
,
and
that
he
might
be
furnished
with
Provisions
at
the
Price
Currant
.
To
this
he
agreed
but
after
a
very
indecent
manner
,
detaining
the
Ambassadour
without
any
positive
Resolution
,
till
those
of
the
Sultan
of
Iconium
passed
by
Constantinople
,
to
go
into
Germany
,
there
to
make
the
Offers
and
Complements
of
their
Master
to
the
Emperor
.
The
Arch
Bishop
of
Mayence
was
the
only
man
of
that
Character
,
who
succeeded
most
advantageously
in
his
Negotiation
,
for
he
obtained
of
Bela
King
of
Hungary
all
that
he
desired
,
which
was
the
Princess
his
Daughter
for
Frederick
Duke
of
Suabia
Son
to
the
Emperor
,
and
Security
of
Passage
and
Provision
for
the
Army
at
most
reasonable
Rates
.
Thus
all
things
being
disposed
to
begin
this
great
Enterprise
,
Frederick
,
who
had
passed
all
the
Lent
and
the
Festivals
of
Easter
at
Ratisbonne
to
attend
the
coming
of
the
Crusades
,
parted
from
thence
the
latter
End
of
April
with
those
who
were
already
come
,
and
descended
down
the
Danubius
,
as
far
as
Presbourg
,
whereupon
Whitsunday
he
held
a
general
Council
of
all
the
Princes
,
Prelates
,
and
high
Officers
of
his
Army
,
to
regulate
their
March
,
and
to
establish
that
good
Order
and
those
wholesome
Laws
against
all
Crimes
,
and
Licentiousness
,
which
were
so
necessary
in
an
Army
,
and
which
he
was
resolved
should
be
most
exactly
obeyed
,
as
they
were
afterwards
during
the
whole
Voyage
.
In
Conclusion
after
having
caused
Henry
his
eldest
Son
to
be
crowned
King
,
of
the
Romans
,
he
took
his
March
at
the
Head
of
a
fair
and
flourishing
Army
,
year
1189
consisting
in
more
then
one
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
Soldiers
all
choise
men
,
with
which
he
crossed
all
Hungary
with
King
Bela
,
who
came
to
receive
him
upon
the
Frontier
,
conducted
him
as
far
as
Belgrade
;
from
whence
after
a
Repose
of
eight
days
he
entred
into
Bulgaria
,
which
he
was
two
Months
in
passing
,
by
reason
that
he
was
forced
so
often
to
combat
with
those
Barbarous
People
,
who
laid
continual
Ambushes
in
his
Passage
,
and
whom
he
could
defeat
no
other
ways
but
by
guarding
the
Passage
on
both
sides
of
his
Army
,
and
as
fast
as
they
could
be
taken
hanging
up
these
Thieves
upon
the
next
Trees
where
they
were
seized
.
But
he
had
something
more
to
doe
when
he
entred
upon
the
Territories
of
the
Greek
Emperor
,
where
believing
he
should
pass
as
a
Friend
and
meet
with
all
manner
of
Refreshments
and
Accomodations
for
his
Army
,
as
had
been
promised
him
,
he
found
nothing
throughout
,
but
Enemies
Armed
against
him
by
the
Perfidy
of
the
Greek
Emperor
:
but
it
did
not
fail
at
last
to
fall
heavy
upon
him
as
it
had
formerly
upon
the
two
Comnenius's
Alexis
and
Manuel
in
the
two
first
Crusades
.
This
Emperor
was
that
Isaacius
Angelus
,
who
about
five
Years
before
had
been
proclaimed
Emperor
in
a
Sedition
,
which
himself
had
raised
for
the
Destruction
of
the
Cruel
Andronicus
.
He
was
a
man
who
had
little
either
Soul
or
Heart
,
but
the
Want
of
those
was
supplied
with
Presumption
and
Vanity
in
abundance
,
by
which
he
made
all
his
Follies
and
those
Vices
most
apparent
,
which
are
most
capable
of
rendring
a
Prince
despicable
and
hated
;
for
he
was
sottish
even
to
downright
folly
,
extreme
light
and
inconstant
,
cowardly
,
Voluptuous
,
Effeminate
,
most
foolishly
Prodigal
,
and
infamously
Covetous
;
taking
a
Pleasure
to
receive
from
all
sorts
of
Persons
,
though
it
were
but
Toys
add
Trisles
,
and
making
no
Difficulty
to
take
any
thing
that
pleased
his
Fancy
,
even
to
the
horrible
Sacriledge
of
robbing
the
Churches
,
without
any
Scruple
,
of
their
Jewels
,
Plate
and
Ornaments
,
and
even
the
Consecrated
Vessels
,
to
make
use
of
at
his
Publick
Entertainments
,
notwithstanding
that
he
seemed
even
to
a
strange
Bigottry
to
make
Profession
of
Devotion
to
the
Blessed
Virgin
,
to
whom
he
made
most
Magnificent
Offerings
and
honoured
her
with
Images
consecrated
to
her
,
the
richest
in
the
World
,
all
glistering
with
Gold
,
and
sparkling
with
the
fairest
Stones
that
could
be
procured
.
As
for
any
thing
more
,
he
was
aman
without
Truth
,
Faith
and
Honour
,
who
delighted
in
nothing
but
the
Injoyment
of
his
Riches
,
and
the
Sweets
of
Empire
,
which
he
soolishly
promised
himself
he
should
enjoy
more
than
Thirty
Years
;
and
in
the
Interim
abandoning
all
the
Care
and
Trouble
of
it
to
some
one
of
his
Favourites
,
which
was
sometimes
a
doating
old
Eunuch
,
otherwhiles
some
young
fantastical
Boy
,
scarcely
past
the
Discipline
of
a
School
or
got
free
from
the
Ferula
,
who
now
must
manage
a
Sceptre
,
and
by
whom
he
permitted
himself
to
be
lead
as
if
he
had
been
a
meer
Child
.
See
what
sort
of
man
this
Emperor
Isaacius
was
,
who
after
he
had
promised
to
Frederick
not
only
all
safe
Passage
,
but
all
manner
of
Assistance
,
did
all
that
lay
in
the
Compass
of
his
Power
against
him
,
and
that
for
these
two
more
especial
reasons
.
First
for
that
Saladin
,
who
knew
well
how
to
amuse
him
had
made
him
abundance
of
Vain
Promises
to
bestow
Palestine
upon
him
;
upon
Condition
that
he
should
obstruct
the
Passage
of
the
Occidentals
;
That
he
should
enter
into
an
alliance
with
him
,
and
thereby
oblige
himself
to
send
his
Gallies
to
his
assistance
and
that
his
Ambassadors
,
which
he
had
at
the
Court
of
Constaminople
,
should
be
there
treated
with
all
manner
of
Honour
.
The
Second
Reason
was
,
that
he
permitted
himself
most
sottishly
to
be
seduced
by
the
Impostures
of
a
remarkable
Cheat
,
the
manner
of
which
I
am
about
to
relate
.
There
was
a
certain
Venetian
,
who
having
got
himself
naturallized
a
Geeek
at
Constantinople
,
took
upon
him
the
Name
of
Dositheos
,
and
there
turned
Monk
in
the
famous
Monastery
of
Studius
,
from
whence
he
hoped
that
he
should
one
day
be
able
to
Mount
to
the
highest
Dignities
of
the
Church
.
Now
whether
this
Fellow
was
really
a
great
Master
in
the
Art
of
Astrology
and
taking
the
true
Horescope
or
that
he
was
really
acquainted
with
that
which
is
more
Criminal
and
the
black
Art
,
or
which
I
think
was
the
most
easie
,
that
he
boldly
played
the
Prophet
at
all
Adventure
,
in
regard
he
had
nothing
to
loose
but
his
little
Credit
,
if
his
Prophecies
should
not
prove
true
,
certain
it
is
that
he
predicted
to
Isaacius
a
long
time
before
it
happened
,
that
he
should
one
day
attain
the
Empire
.
That
Prediction
had
made
such
an
Impression
upon
his
mind
,
year
1189
and
had
gained
so
much
Belief
and
Consideration
with
him
that
he
believed
it
as
an
Oracle
;
and
happening
luckily
to
fall
out
accordingly
,
there
was
nothing
which
he
thought
too
much
to
do
for
Dosithcos
.
So
that
some
little
time
after
having
made
two
Patriarchs
of
Constantinople
be
successively
deposed
under
false
Pretexts
,
he
having
therefore
elevated
them
to
that
Dignity
,
he
took
a
great
Phancy
to
transferr
his
Dositheos
from
the
Chair
of
Jerusalem
,
whereof
he
possessed
only
the
Titular
Right
as
being
one
of
the
Imperial
Cities
.
But
he
found
a
great
Obstacle
to
the
Accomplishment
of
his
Desire
,
in
Regard
that
in
the
Code
of
the
Oriential
Church
,
there
were
found
certain
Canons
of
more
than
one
Ages
standing
which
prohibited
these
kind
of
Translations
particularly
of
Metropolitans
,
and
much
more
of
one
Partiarchate
to
another
:
To
surmount
this
Difficulty
,
he
had
recourse
to
a
very
pleasant
Artifice
,
which
was
apparently
suggested
to
him
by
this
false
Dositheos
,
and
which
succeeded
according
to
his
Wish
.
There
was
in
his
Court
the
Famous
Theodore
Balsamon
,
who
of
all
the
Greeks
was
esteemed
the
most
able
and
skilful
Canonist
,
and
who
hath
left
us
a
Digest
of
the
Canons
of
little
Fidelity
,
more
then
to
inable
the
Adversaries
of
the
Roman
Church
,
of
which
he
declared
himself
upon
all
Occasions
the
Implacable
Enemy
,
from
thence
to
draw
Arguments
of
an
Eternal
Opposition
.
This
man
was
Patriarch
of
Antioch
,
where
he
yet
retained
not
the
least
Authority
,
in
regard
that
City
was
wholly
in
the
Power
of
the
Latins
,
who
had
there
a
Patriarch
of
their
own
.
I
would
by
no
means
indure
the
Goverment
of
a
Schismatick
.
Now
the
Emperor
who
knew
his
Ambitious
Humour
,
and
that
he
was
capable
of
doing
and
saying
what
he
pleased
,
provided
he
were
satisfied
in
that
governing
Passion
,
caused
him
one
day
to
be
sent
for
in
Private
,
where
making
to
him
a
pretended
Confidence
he
complained
to
him
miserably
of
the
small
Number
of
able
men
that
were
to
be
found
among
the
Ecclesiasticks
,
and
in
the
Monasteries
from
whence
he
said
Learning
and
Vertue
seemed
in
a
manner
to
be
banished
;
insomuch
that
in
all
his
Empire
he
could
find
but
one
man
,
who
was
capable
of
filling
the
Vacant
Seat
of
Constantinople
.
So
as
he
wished
to
do
Honour
to
the
Church
and
to
be
able
to
oppose
the
Latins
.
After
which
he
said
,
as
it
were
opening
his
very
Heart
to
him
,
that
not
knowing
any
Person
besides
himself
capable
by
reason
of
his
merit
,
to
sustain
that
great
Dignity
,
he
had
along
time
had
it
in
his
Thoughts
to
translate
him
from
the
Patriarchate
of
Antioch
,
of
which
he
possessed
only
the
empty
Title
,
to
that
of
Constantinople
where
he
might
have
the
Opportunity
of
displaying
more
advantageously
those
Great
Talents
which
God
had
imparted
to
him
,
and
particularly
,
that
profound
Skill
which
he
had
acquired
in
the
Laws
and
the
Discipline
of
the
Church
:
But
that
hitherto
he
never
durst
enterprize
it
,
in
regard
that
he
had
always
heard
it
said
,
that
such
Translations
were
not
lawful
or
according
to
the
Canons
;
but
notwithstanding
if
he
who
was
far
more
knowing
than
any
other
,
and
who
was
reputed
the
very
Oracle
of
those
kinds
of
Learning
,
was
able
to
demonstrate
and
perswade
the
World
by
interpreting
the
Canons
,
that
they
might
very
well
according
to
the
Intention
of
the
Church
upon
certain
Occasions
be
suspended
,
as
sometimes
they
had
been
,
it
would
be
the
greatest
joy
and
Satisfaction
in
the
World
to
him
,
and
that
without
deferring
a
Moment
longer
,
he
would
name
him
to
the
Chair
of
Constantinople
.
There
needed
no
more
to
make
Theodore
yield
,
after
the
Temptation
of
possessing
of
such
an
elevated
Dignity
,
which
that
ambitious
man
suffered
to
overcome
him
without
making
the
least
Resistance
against
it
.
He
therefore
readily
answered
the
Emperor
,
that
his
Majesty
should
not
fail
to
receive
full
satisfaction
,
and
that
it
was
easie
to
accomodate
the
Canons
to
his
advantage
.
See
now
the
deplorable
Weakness
of
the
greatest
part
of
Mankind
;
who
,
whereas
they
ought
to
regulate
their
Passions
,
by
submitting
them
to
the
Laws
,
chuse
rather
on
the
contrary
to
rule
the
Law
by
accomodating
it
to
their
Passions
,
whilest
they
endeavour
by
their
false
Subtileties
to
perswade
themselves
,
that
it
is
not
at
all
contrary
to
what
they
desir
.
The
Emperor
having
thus
artificially
drawn
him
into
the
Snare
,
the
next
day
assembled
all
the
Bishops
who
were
in
great
Numbers
about
the
Court
,
to
the
Church
of
St.
Sophia
,
where
it
was
in
his
Presence
proposed
,
whether
this
kind
of
Translation
,
might
be
allowed
according
to
the
Canons
.
Balsamon
,
who
had
not
been
wanting
the
preceding
Night
to
instruct
his
Brethren
,
shewed
by
many
famous
Instances
out
of
Antiquity
,
that
the
Ancient
Canons
did
not
absolutely
prohibit
it
,
year
1189
but
that
they
only
were
designed
to
reform
the
Abuse
which
might
be
made
of
it
.
All
his
Partisans
whom
,
he
had
gained
to
his
Opinion
,
and
the
others
who
were
nothing
so
knowing
as
himself
,
especially
in
the
Canon
Law
,
were
immediately
in
the
same
Sentiment
.
Thus
it
passed
without
Difficulty
as
their
Opinion
and
the
Translation
which
might
really
be
made
for
the
greater
advantage
of
the
Church
,
was
also
authorized
and
comfirmed
as
Lawful
by
the
Imperial
Letters
.
After
which
the
Emperor
who
had
now
all
that
he
desired
,
nominated
Dositheos
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
,
and
having
thus
gulled
poor
Theodore
,
left
him
as
he
found
him
,
to
starve
upon
his
lean
Honour
of
being
still
the
Titular
Patriarch
of
Antioch
.
However
Dositheos
,
who
made
his
Entry
into
Constantinople
with
all
the
Pomp
and
magnificence
of
a
Triumph
,
did
not
long
rejoyce
in
the
Enjoyment
of
his
wretched
Cheat
;
for
the
Bishops
unable
to
suffer
that
he
had
thus
abused
them
●
entred
into
so
many
Cabals
against
him
,
and
so
wrought
up
the
Hatred
of
the
Populace
,
to
whom
he
was
already
odious
by
the
manner
of
his
Living
which
was
altogether
unworthy
of
that
high
Dignity
,
that
the
Emperor
,
who
would
have
supported
him
by
Force
,
fearing
it
might
occasion
a
great
Sedition
,
was
at
length
constrained
to
abandon
him
,
and
to
suffer
him
to
be
deposed
,
about
two
Years
after
he
had
by
Fraud
obtained
it
,
Georgius
Xiphiline
succeeding
in
his
Place
;
so
that
he
not
only
lost
the
Chair
of
Constantinople
to
which
he
had
unlawfully
aspired
,
but
that
of
Jerusalem
also
,
which
upon
his
Translation
was
conferred
upon
another
.
But
in
that
time
that
he
was
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
,
he
absolutely
governed
the
Emperor
,
and
by
his
Delusions
turned
him
which
way
he
pleased
;
then
it
was
that
he
made
him
believe
,
that
the
Design
of
Frederick
was
not
with
that
powerful
Army
to
make
War
against
Saladin
for
the
Deliverance
of
the
Holy
Land
,
and
the
City
of
Jerusalem
,
but
a
pure
Artifice
to
cover
the
Design
which
he
had
to
make
himself
Master
of
Constantinople
.
And
to
confirm
this
,
counterfeiting
the
Prophet
,
he
shewed
him
certain
fantastical
Figures
,
which
he
said
had
been
drawn
by
Salomon
,
to
represent
the
future
State
of
things
;
from
which
he
assured
that
foolish
and
Credulous
Emperor
that
Frederick
was
to
enter
Constantinople
by
the
Gate
Xylocernos
,
which
joyned
to
the
Palace
of
Blaquernes
;
that
he
should
commit
a
thousand
abominably
things
,
but
that
in
the
end
he
should
be
most
severely
punished
.
All
these
Fooleries
he
pronounced
with
an
Air
so
affirmative
and
so
serious
,
that
this
ridiculous
Prince
,
to
prevent
the
Effects
of
his
Predictions
,
caused
the
Port
of
Blaquernes
to
be
walled
up
;
then
Dositheos
,
shewing
him
the
Windows
of
the
Highest
Tower
of
the
five
which
beautisie
that
fair
Palace
,
would
needs
carry
him
up
thither
,
where
with
two
Darts
,
which
he
usually
carried
in
his
left
Hand
,
he
was
to
stand
huffing
and
in
a
menacing
Posture
,
which
the
filly
Conjurer
told
him
,
should
strike
Frederick
with
his
Germans
to
the
Hearts
,
so
that
he
should
not
need
to
trouble
himself
to
march
out
to
give
them
Battle
:
Thus
did
he
expose
him
as
if
he
had
been
all
pure
Fool
,
to
the
Derision
of
all
that
saw
or
heard
of
this
silly
Adventure
.
However
he
did
not
fail
amidst
all
his
Stupid
Vanity
,
to
give
out
the
Necessary
Orders
,
for
obstructing
the
Passage
of
the
Emperor
,
to
whom
at
the
same
time
he
offered
the
most
insupportable
Affront
;
For
as
Frederick
approached
the
Frontier
,
he
sent
the
Bishop
of
Munster
,
Robert
Earl
of
Nassau
,
and
Count
Walram
in
Ambassage
to
him
,
to
desire
that
he
might
have
free
Passage
,
and
Provisions
for
the
Army
,
according
to
the
Stipulations
of
the
Treaty
;
this
perfidious
,
after
he
had
at
first
received
them
in
a
tollerable
good
manner
,
within
eight
days
,
threw
them
loaden
with
Irons
into
a
dark
and
loathsome
Prison
,
thereby
in
a
manner
wholly
Barbarous
,
violating
the
very
Law
of
Nations
,
to
oblige
the
Ambassadors
of
Saladin
,
who
used
their
utmost
Efforts
to
engage
him
so
deeply
in
a
War
with
Frederick
,
that
he
might
not
know
how
to
go
back
from
his
Promises
to
their
Master
.
Then
following
the
Advice
of
his
Dositheos
,
who
was
of
Confederacy
with
the
Sarasins
;
he
armed
powerfully
,
and
sent
his
Cousin
Manuel
,
the
Great
Master
of
the
Horse
,
with
a
numerous
Army
,
and
Orders
to
dispute
the
Passes
with
the
Germans
;
and
to
cut
off
all
Provisions
from
them
,
But
the
Cowardise
of
the
Greeks
was
but
a
feeble
Obstacle
to
the
Invincible
Forces
of
Frederick
;
for
not
being
able
so
much
as
to
indure
the
sight
of
the
Duke
of
Suabia
,
who
with
his
Sword
in
his
Hand
,
marched
against
them
at
the
Head
of
the
Vanguard
,
they
immediately
turned
their
Backs
and
abandoned
the
Barricades
and
Retrenchments
which
they
had
made
at
the
first
Pass
of
the
Mountains
,
year
1189
which
lead
into
Thracia
:
So
that
all
the
Army
falling
into
that
Country
,
the
Emperor
to
punish
the
Treachery
of
the
Greeks
,
permitted
them
to
live
at
Discretion
,
as
they
did
,
finding
in
the
Fields
great
abundance
of
all
kinds
of
Grain
,
it
being
now
August
,
which
the
Greeks
,
had
not
time
to
carry
into
the
fenced
Towns
and
Cities
according
to
the
Orders
which
had
been
given
.
But
that
which
finished
his
Ruin
,
was
the
insupportable
Vanity
of
Isaacius
,
who
sending
to
treat
with
Frederick
,
did
it
in
the
most
brutish
manner
in
the
World
denying
him
the
Title
of
Emperor
;
for
he
sent
to
him
to
let
him
understand
,
That
he
knew
no
other
Emperor
but
of
Constantinople
,
which
was
himself
;
and
that
if
he
would
acknowledge
him
in
that
Quality
for
his
Lord
and
Master
,
and
give
him
so
many
Hostages
as
he
demanded
,
for
Security
that
he
would
Enterprize
nothing
contrary
to
his
Service
or
Interests
,
and
give
him
the
Moiety
of
all
the
Conquests
which
he
should
make
upon
the
Sarasins
,
then
,
and
upon
no
other
Terms
he
was
resolved
to
afford
him
the
Liberty
of
the
Passage
which
he
desired
.
Now
whether
the
Greek
Emperor
was
so
indiscreet
to
command
in
this
kind
of
Insolent
Language
,
which
seems
agreeable
enough
to
his
Character
and
his
Genius
;
or
that
the
Envoys
,
as
Nicetas
in
excusing
it
,
would
assure
us
,
exceeded
the
Limits
of
their
Commission
,
is
uncertain
;
But
Frederick
though
he
was
not
a
little
picqued
,
yet
had
the
Discretion
to
conceal
and
smother
his
Resentment
,
till
he
had
procured
the
Liberty
of
his
Ambassadours
:
And
therefore
he
contented
himself
with
returning
this
Answer
with
a
disdainful
Smile
,
which
manifested
a
great
measure
of
Assurance
,
and
but
little
Sharpness
,
That
he
trusted
in
God
,
and
in
all
those
brave
men
which
accompanied
him
,
that
there
was
yet
no
great
Necessity
for
his
complying
with
such
kind
Terms
;
that
for
any
thing
more
when
their
Master
,
speaking
to
the
Ambassadours
,
had
restored
to
him
his
Ambassadours
whom
he
held
in
Chains
,
with
so
much
Inhumanity
,
and
so
much
against
the
Law
of
all
Nations
,
to
the
Shame
of
the
Christian
Name
which
thereby
he
exposed
to
the
Derision
of
the
Sarasins
,
he
should
have
a
Subject
whereupon
in
some
sort
to
acknowledge
himself
obliged
to
him
,
the
Honour
of
God
and
the
Empire
still
excepted
.
After
with
advancing
daily
without
staying
for
the
Answer
of
the
Greek
,
and
seizing
without
Resistance
,
upon
all
the
Places
in
his
Passage
,
upon
the
twentieth
fifth
day
of
August
he
incamped
within
View
of
Philioppopolis
,
a
great
and
rich
City
upon
the
Hebrus
,
scituate
between
three
Hills
at
the
Foot
of
Mount
Hemus
.
The
Historian
Nicetas
Acominatus
,
a
person
of
Quality
,
and
first
Gentleman
of
the
Bedchamber
to
the
Emperor
,
was
then
Governour
of
that
Province
,
whereof
this
was
the
Capital
City
.
Now
as
he
received
every
Day
several
Orders
,
by
the
lightness
and
instability
of
his
Masters
Mind
,
who
to
Day
would
command
that
all
Hands
should
be
at
work
upon
the
Fortifications
,
and
to
Morrow
,
that
they
should
demolish
them
and
quit
the
Town
;
he
was
,
before
he
could
do
the
one
or
the
other
,
surprized
,
in
such
manner
,
as
to
be
constrained
,
with
the
principal
of
the
Inhabitants
,
to
seek
his
Safety
in
quitting
the
City
:
There
Frederick
quartered
his
whole
Army
,
to
refresh
his
Men
with
the
prodigious
Plenty
of
Provisions
which
he
found
there
;
for
the
City
was
very
Rich
,
by
the
Traffick
which
they
had
with
the
Armenians
,
who
were
a
great
party
of
the
Inhabitants
,
and
who
loved
the
Franks
extremely
.
Four
Days
after
this
,
Manuel
,
the
General
of
the
Greek
Army
,
being
perpetually
sollicited
by
the
Emperor
,
who
accused
him
of
Cowardice
,
advanced
within
six
Miles
of
Philippopolis
,
with
express
Order
to
combat
the
Germans
.
But
he
was
so
little
acquainted
with
War
,
that
some
of
the
Vancouriers
of
the
Germans
,
who
were
abroad
to
discover
the
Enemies
Posture
,
having
taken
some
Prisoners
,
who
were
straggling
,
took
a
Resolution
to
assault
their
whole
Army
,
which
they
did
with
such
Courage
,
that
those
cowardly
Greeks
believing
that
they
had
all
Frederick's
in
the
Head
of
them
,
shamefully
turned
their
Backs
,
leaving
the
Field
intirely
to
those
few
Germans
:
Nor
did
they
after
this
find
any
thing
that
appeared
like
Body
of
an
Army
.
After
which
,
having
taken
some
strong
Places
which
were
defended
by
the
Alains
,
whom
Saladin
had
sent
to
aid
the
Greeks
,
they
were
all
,
for
a
Terror
to
the
rest
,
put
to
the
Sword
:
So
that
seizing
upon
Nicopolis
,
Adrianople
,
and
all
the
Cities
which
are
between
the
Egean
and
the
Euxine
Seas
,
they
inlarged
their
Conquests
on
both
sides
,
year
1189
to
the
very
Gates
of
Constantinople
.
Then
it
was
,
that
the
perfidious
Isaacius
,
finding
himself
reduced
to
the
last
Extremities
,
set
the
Ambassadors
of
Frederick
at
Liberty
,
and
in
all
suppliant
and
humble
manner
,
desired
a
Peace
.
He
offered
all
the
Shipping
that
was
necessary
for
his
Passage
into
Asia
,
intreating
that
this
Passage
might
be
as
quick
as
could
be
,
and
that
he
might
have
Hostages
for
his
Security
.
But
Frederick
,
who
was
resolved
to
pull
down
the
foolish
Pride
of
this
feeble
,
but
presumptuous
Prince
,
who
before
would
not
treat
with
him
,
but
as
King
of
the
Germans
,
made
him
now
very
sensible
that
he
was
the
Emperor
of
the
Romans
;
and
therefore
,
like
a
Caesar
,
he
answered
the
Ambassadors
,
That
it
was
the
Right
of
the
Conquerors
to
give
Laws
to
the
Vanquished
,
That
it
appertained
to
him
who
had
conquered
Thracia
,
to
dispose
of
it
as
he
thought
convenient
.
That
therefore
,
the
Year
being
so
far
advanced
,
he
was
resolved
to
winter
in
Thracia
with
his
whole
Army
,
to
punish
their
Master
for
having
so
long
retarded
his
Voyage
by
his
foolish
Perfidiousness
,
and
giving
him
the
trouble
to
beat
him
,
and
to
take
his
Towns
,
where
he
had
now
no
longer
any
Right
.
But
if
he
expected
any
Favour
from
him
,
that
he
must
take
Care
against
Easter
,
in
the
Year
ensueing
,
to
provide
him
so
much
Shipping
as
was
necessary
for
the
Transportation
of
his
whole
Army
into
Asia
,
by
the
Hellespont
;
and
to
give
him
sufficient
Security
for
his
Promises
,
of
which
he
knew
he
would
be
liberal
,
but
which
he
had
no
manner
of
Reason
to
repose
any
sort
of
Confidence
in
;
That
he
was
resolved
to
have
in
Hostage
four
and
twenty
of
the
principal
Officers
and
Lords
of
his
Court
,
and
eight
hundred
others
of
inferior
Quality
,
whom
he
must
forthwith
send
to
him
,
together
with
the
Ambassadors
of
the
Sultan
of
Iconium
,
whom
he
restrained
at
Constantinople
contrary
to
the
Law
of
Nations
.
That
upon
these
Conditions
he
would
give
him
the
Assurance
of
his
Oath
,
that
he
had
no
designs
upon
his
Empire
,
as
he
had
vainly
imagined
,
or
at
least
,
made
a
shew
of
believing
,
that
so
he
might
have
some
Pretext
,
though
a
very
ill
one
,
for
the
violation
of
his
Faith
.
There
is
certainly
nothing
so
Insolent
as
a
proud
Coward
in
Prosperity
,
when
he
finds
himself
extraordinarily
advanced
by
his
good
Fortune
;
nor
is
there
any
thing
so
Low
,
Mean
,
and
Croaching
,
when
once
his
Haughtiness
is
tamed
and
brought
down
by
the
reverse
of
Adversity
.
This
Isaacius
,
who
a
little
before
boasted
with
insufferable
Insolence
,
that
he
was
the
only
Emperor
,
and
next
to
God
,
the
Lord
and
Master
of
other
Kings
,
now
thought
himself
very
happy
to
be
offered
a
Treaty
,
which
gave
him
liberty
to
accept
even
of
these
dishonourable
Conditions
,
which
were
sufficiently
humbling
for
him
.
He
therefore
without
Delay
sent
the
Ratification
,
with
the
Ambassadors
,
the
Hostages
,
and
great
Presents
to
the
Emperor
,
who
passed
the
Winter
at
Adrianople
,
till
Easter
approaching
he
went
to
Callipolis
,
where
he
was
resolved
to
pass
the
Hellespont
.
There
he
did
not
fail
to
find
far
more
Shipping
than
Isaacius
had
promised
him
,
for
there
were
of
Barkes
,
Brigantines
,
Galliots
,
and
Gallies
,
near
upon
five
hundred
;
so
much
hast
did
that
poor
Prince
make
to
deliver
himself
from
these
dangerous
and
troublesome
Guests
,
who
had
perfectly
recruited
themselves
of
all
their
Fatigues
,
and
very
well
inriched
themselves
at
his
Expence
,
in
so
good
a
winter
Quarter
.
Thus
the
Army
,
to
which
diverse
new
Crusades
had
come
to
joyn
themselves
,
and
which
was
in
a
Condition
as
good
or
better
,
than
when
it
first
marched
out
of
Germany
;
year
1190
began
to
pass
the
Sea
upon
Good
Friday
,
the
twenty
third
day
of
March
,
and
in
seven
days
were
all
transported
over
the
Hellespont
.
They
had
so
good
a
Passage
,
that
not
one
Man
was
lost
,
such
Care
did
the
Emperor
take
,
who
was
continually
jealous
and
watchful
over
the
Greeks
;
and
fearing
least
when
the
first
were
passed
over
,
they
might
set
upon
the
last
,
he
was
resolved
to
embarque
with
the
last
himself
,
as
he
did
upon
the
seventh
Day
,
and
happily
joyned
the
rest
of
his
Army
in
Asia
,
near
the
City
of
Lampsacus
.
The
next
Morning
he
began
his
March
,
and
quitting
the
left
hand
Way
,
which
he
had
found
was
so
difficult
and
dangerous
,
when
he
accompanied
his
Uncle
the
Emperor
Conrade
,
he
took
to
the
Right
,
by
the
Sea
Coast
,
crossing
over
Mysia
,
Troas
,
Phrygia
,
and
Lydia
,
by
the
Cities
of
Thyatira
and
Philadelphia
,
to
the
Meander
,
which
he
passed
near
Laodicea
,
where
the
Army
reposed
for
a
few
days
.
The
Inhabitants
of
this
City
furnished
them
with
all
manner
of
Refreshments
,
year
1190
with
an
incredible
Chearfulness
,
which
was
a
pleasing
Surprise
to
the
Emperor
,
who
now
believed
that
the
Sultan
of
Iconium
,
whose
Government
extended
as
far
as
that
side
of
the
Meander
,
would
inviolably
keep
his
Promise
,
which
he
had
given
him
,
and
which
he
daily
repeated
by
his
Ambassadors
,
who
followed
the
Camp
.
But
he
was
no
sooner
arrived
at
that
dangerous
Mountain
,
which
is
near
the
Head
of
the
Meander
,
and
which
the
defeat
of
the
Rereguard
of
the
French
Army
,
under
Lewis
the
Young
,
had
made
so
Memorable
,
but
he
found
the
Enemies
in
the
Head
of
him
,
and
presently
understood
that
this
perfidious
Infidel
Prince
,
had
not
made
him
all
those
fair
Promises
,
but
to
draw
him
into
the
Snare
,
which
he
had
artfully
had
by
his
infamous
Treachery
.
Which
should
instruct
Christian
Princes
,
that
they
ought
to
take
all
imaginable
Precaution
,
and
extraordinary
Security
,
when
the
necessity
of
their
Affairs
obliges
them
to
treat
with
those
People
,
who
wanting
that
true
Faith
which
they
owe
to
God
,
usually
take
no
care
of
preserving
it
towards
Men.
This
Sultan
was
Caïscosroës
,
who
about
ten
years
before
had
been
dispoiled
of
his
Dominions
by
his
Brother
Rucratin
,
and
was
afterwards
re-established
by
the
Greeks
.
This
Prince
had
a
little
before
concluded
an
Alliance
with
Saladin
,
who
had
given
his
Daughter
in
Marriage
to
his
Son
Melich
,
who
succeeded
him
.
He
had
also
a
secret
Intelligence
with
Isaacius
,
who
corresponded
with
both
these
Sultans
against
the
Latins
,
whom
he
mortally
hated
,
as
do
all
the
Greeks
,
but
more
especially
in
those
times
:
So
that
all
the
Ambassadors
which
this
perfidious
Infidel
had
sent
to
Frederick
,
and
whom
Isaacius
had
apparently
by
Force
detained
at
Constantinople
,
were
sent
for
no
other
Purpose
but
to
abuse
the
Emperor
with
greater
ease
,
and
to
draw
him
from
Laodicea
,
into
those
desert
Countries
,
from
whence
he
had
caused
all
the
Provisions
to
be
withdrawn
,
that
so
he
might
destroy
that
Army
by
Famine
,
and
by
the
infinite
multitude
of
Troops
,
which
he
had
gathered
out
of
all
Asia
,
continually
to
molest
the
Army
in
their
March
,
and
to
attack
them
at
all
the
difficult
Passes
.
In
short
,
they
found
that
the
Straits
of
the
Mountain
were
possessed
by
the
Turks
,
but
nevertheless
,
they
were
such
miserable
Cowards
,
that
would
not
abide
more
than
the
first
Shock
of
the
Germans
,
who
there
made
a
great
Carnage
among
them
,
and
put
the
rest
to
flight
.
However
they
rallied
the
next
Morning
,
and
came
again
in
far
greater
Numbers
,
but
rather
like
Thieves
than
Souldiers
,
vexing
the
Army
on
all
Sides
with
slinging
great
Stones
,
and
discharging
their
Arrows
,
after
which
they
would
save
themselves
according
to
their
Custom
,
by
retireing
at
full
Speed
,
and
then
presently
return
again
after
the
same
manner
,
without
giving
the
Germans
,
who
were
heavily
armed
,
the
possibility
of
coming
to
Blows
with
them
;
and
having
thus
combated
with
them
all
the
Day
,
they
in
the
Night
seized
upon
the
Avenues
of
another
Mountain
,
which
were
extraordinary
strait
,
and
through
which
they
knew
the
Christian
Army
must
necessarily
pass
the
following
Day
.
But
Frederick
,
who
disposed
all
things
with
an
incredible
presence
of
Mind
,
thought
of
a
pretty
Stratagem
,
which
succeeded
perfectly
to
his
Wish
.
He
divided
his
Army
into
two
Bodies
,
leaving
the
smallest
Party
in
the
Camp
,
which
was
at
the
Foot
of
the
Mountain
;
after
which
,
seeming
to
be
afraid
of
the
Turks
,
and
to
dispair
of
forcing
the
Pass
,
he
marched
in
the
Morning
with
the
greatest
Party
quite
another
way
,
as
if
he
designed
to
find
some
other
Passage
.
He
was
not
distanced
far
from
the
Camp
,
when
the
Turks
really
believing
that
his
Fear
was
the
occasion
of
his
Flight
,
and
the
hast
which
he
made
to
draw
himself
out
of
such
a
dangerous
Place
,
had
made
him
abandon
his
Camp
;
but
that
the
desire
they
had
of
Plunder
,
and
that
Avarice
which
is
the
governing
Passion
of
these
Barbarians
,
blinded
them
in
such
sort
,
that
abandoning
their
advantageous
Post
,
they
tumbled
down
from
the
Mountain
in
the
greatest
Disorder
,
to
fall
upon
the
Camp
,
which
they
believed
they
should
rifle
at
their
Discretion
,
finding
it
without
Defence
.
But
those
who
guarded
it
,
shewed
them
their
Mistake
,
and
defended
it
so
vigorously
,
that
the
Emperor
making
a
short
Turn
,
upon
a
Signal
which
was
given
him
by
Fire
and
Smoak
,
charged
them
upon
their
Backs
;
so
that
being
shut
in
between
two
powerful
Bodies
,
they
were
most
of
them
cutt
in
Pieces
,
and
the
rest
scattered
,
leaving
the
Passage
free
to
the
victorious
Army
.
year
1190
Frederick
nevertheless
found
it
very
difficult
to
believe
that
he
was
betrayed
by
the
Sultan
of
Iconium
,
in
regard
that
his
Ambassadors
were
still
in
his
Retinue
,
and
they
always
highly
disavowed
these
to
be
their
Masters
Troops
;
but
it
was
not
long
before
he
came
to
be
disabused
;
for
about
the
Feast
of
the
Ascension
,
which
was
the
third
Day
of
May
,
the
Ambassadors
took
the
Opportunity
of
the
Night
to
steal
away
,
forcing
along
with
them
Godfrey
the
Emperor's
Interpreter
;
and
in
the
same
place
where
the
Sultan
Chisiastlan
,
the
Father
of
this
,
had
defeated
the
Army
of
the
Emperor
Manuel
,
about
fourteen
Years
before
,
he
found
more
than
thirty
thousand
Men
imbodied
into
an
Army
,
to
oppose
his
Passage
in
the
Straits
,
which
might
easily
be
maintained
by
a
very
inconsiderable
Number
.
The
Turks
had
gathered
great
heaps
of
Stones
,
that
so
they
might
,
from
the
high
Rocks
,
shower
them
down
out
of
their
Slings
,
upon
the
Christians
;
upon
whom
also
they
might
with
ease
tumble
down
huge
pieces
of
the
Craggs
,
which
they
had
before
loosened
for
that
purpose
.
But
Frederick
,
very
dexterously
drew
the
Army
out
of
that
Danger
also
;
for
having
promised
to
a
certain
Prisoner
,
that
he
would
give
him
his
Life
,
upon
Condition
that
he
should
,
as
he
offered
for
that
Favour
,
conduct
the
Army
by
another
way
over
the
Top
of
this
Mountain
,
which
was
three
Miles
in
the
Ascent
,
he
passed
it
the
same
Day
,
though
not
without
great
Difficulty
,
and
with
the
Loss
of
above
a
thousand
Horses
,
and
as
many
Beasts
of
Burthen
,
who
tumbled
over
the
Precipices
on
the
one
Side
and
the
other
.
As
soon
as
he
was
descended
into
the
Plain
,
he
incamped
there
,
to
refresh
his
Army
a
little
in
that
place
,
which
was
very
commodious
,
in
regard
of
the
plenty
of
Forrage
:
But
the
Turks
,
who
with
their
dreadful
Multitude
filled
all
the
Country
,
having
run
from
all
parts
during
the
whole
Night
,
the
next
Morning
fell
upon
the
Rereguard
,
whilest
that
another
Party
of
them
having
cut
them
off
from
the
Van
,
charged
them
in
the
Front
.
This
was
one
of
the
greatest
and
most
dangerous
Combats
which
happened
in
all
the
Voyage
;
but
the
Dukes
of
Suabia
and
Moravia
,
and
the
Marquis
of
Baden
,
who
commanded
that
Body
,
combated
with
so
much
Courage
and
Conduct
,
that
they
forced
the
Enemies
to
a
shameful
Flight
,
after
their
having
left
a
great
many
of
their
Number
dead
upon
the
place
,
and
without
so
much
as
the
Loss
of
one
Man
,
though
there
were
a
great
many
wounded
;
and
among
them
Frederick
the
Son
of
the
Emperor
,
who
had
two
of
his
Teeth
broaken
out
by
a
Blow
from
a
Sling
;
a
great
part
also
of
the
Baggage
was
lost
;
the
less
Valiant
among
the
Turks
,
having
taken
the
Opportunity
of
the
heat
of
the
Fight
,
to
fall
upon
those
who
guarded
it
:
After
this
,
as
the
Troops
of
the
Enemies
increased
daily
more
and
more
,
they
gave
such
continual
Alarms
,
that
the
Souldiers
were
forced
almost
continually
to
stand
to
their
Arms
to
defend
themselves
against
these
Infidels
,
who
attacked
them
Night
and
Day
without
Intermission
,
though
they
were
continually
beaten
;
and
that
one
time
among
many
,
that
they
ventured
to
attack
the
Camp
by
Night
,
there
were
slain
above
six
thousand
of
them
,
and
among
the
rest
,
one
hundred
seventy
four
of
their
most
considerable
Officers
.
But
after
all
,
These
Victories
could
not
deliver
the
Army
from
the
most
terrible
and
dangerous
of
their
Enemies
,
which
was
Famine
;
for
all
the
Provisions
which
they
had
carried
with
them
,
being
either
consumed
by
so
long
a
March
,
or
lost
with
the
Sumpters
and
that
part
of
the
Baggage
which
had
been
taken
,
and
all
the
Country
being
either
Barren
or
Uninhabited
,
or
desolated
by
the
Enemies
,
who
made
a
horrible
Wast
throughout
;
the
Army
was
forced
to
kill
the
Mules
,
and
Horses
,
which
would
otherwise
have
been
lost
for
want
of
Forrage
;
so
that
there
remained
but
a
few
of
them
,
and
they
so
feeble
and
meagre
,
that
their
Masters
were
so
far
from
receiving
the
Benefit
of
being
carried
by
them
upon
their
March
,
that
they
were
forced
to
walk
on
foot
,
and
lead
them
by
the
Bridles
:
Insomuch
that
I
cannot
but
relate
a
pretty
Adventure
which
happened
thereupon
,
and
which
the
Historian
Nicetas
,
as
much
a
Greek
all
over
as
he
was
,
yet
thought
fit
to
dedicate
to
the
Memory
of
Posterity
,
as
a
Prodigy
of
Valour
,
comparable
even
to
the
Fables
which
have
been
invented
,
to
frame
the
Heroes
of
the
first
Ages
.
A
certain
German
Cavaleer
,
of
an
extraordinary
Force
and
Stature
,
being
mighty
unwilling
to
part
with
his
Horse
,
who
by
reason
of
his
Poverty
was
in
no
condition
to
carry
him
,
marched
on
foot
,
year
1190
leading
him
softly
at
a
good
Distance
from
the
rest
of
his
Troop
,
when
he
was
presently
set
upon
by
fifty
of
the
stoutest
among
the
Turks
,
who
constantly
hovered
about
the
Army
,
and
who
all
together
discharged
their
Arrows
against
him
;
but
this
valiant
Man
regarding
them
with
a
Look
fierce
and
contemptuous
,
received
them
all
upon
a
Buckler
,
with
which
his
left
Arm
was
covered
,
through
which
he
had
put
his
Bridle
,
by
which
he
held
his
Horse
;
and
holding
his
Sword
in
his
other
hand
,
he
kept
still
on
his
Way
,
without
so
much
as
once
stopping
or
turning
,
till
at
last
,
a
Turk
more
resolute
than
his
Companions
,
leaving
his
Bow
,
and
putting
Spurs
to
his
Horse
,
came
galloping
upon
him
with
his
Sable
in
his
Hand
,
and
with
all
his
Force
discharged
a
mighty
Blow
upon
the
German
,
which
had
no
more
effect
than
if
he
had
struck
it
against
a
Rock
;
whereupon
the
fierce
Vndaunted
,
perceiving
that
he
could
not
make
a
sure
Blow
at
the
Rider
,
who
was
too
high
for
him
,
he
with
a
dreadful
Reverse
cut
off
both
the
Horses
Foreleggs
at
the
Knees
,
and
the
poor
Animal
at
the
instant
sinking
upon
his
Stumps
,
the
Rider
still
sitting
in
the
Saddle
,
he
discharged
such
a
horrible
Blow
upon
his
Head
,
that
he
cut
him
quite
down
to
the
very
Saddle
,
and
wounded
the
Horse
into
the
Bargain
.
This
so
affrighted
his
Companions
,
as
well
it
might
,
that
taking
the
Souldier
for
some
Daemon
,
rather
than
for
a
Man
,
they
betook
themselves
to
their
Spurs
,
as
if
the
Devil
had
drive
them
,
leaving
the
Hero
coolly
,
and
at
leisure
to
pursue
his
way
to
the
Camp
,
where
he
arrived
a
good
while
after
the
rest
.
The
Emperor
all
this
time
,
still
advanced
towards
Iconium
,
with
a
Resolution
to
Perish
or
to
take
that
City
,
and
both
to
punish
the
Sultan
for
his
Perfidy
,
and
to
refresh
his
Army
after
so
many
Fatigues
.
For
this
Reason
therefore
,
these
cowardly
Barbarïans
fearing
such
an
Affront
,
and
believing
on
the
other
side
,
that
they
had
to
do
,
with
Men
half
dead
with
Famine
,
resolved
at
length
,
to
expect
them
in
the
open
Field
,
and
with
all
their
Forces
to
put
it
to
the
hazard
of
a
Battle
.
And
therefore
having
mustered
up
all
their
Troops
,
which
composed
an
Army
of
more
than
three
hundred
thousand
Combatants
,
upon
the
eleventh
day
of
May
,
they
appeared
in
View
of
the
Christian
Army
,
under
the
Conduct
of
Melich
,
the
eldest
Son
of
the
Sultan
.
He
extended
his
Troops
to
the
right
and
left
upon
the
Heights
which
he
had
possessed
himself
of
all
thereabout
,
as
far
as
the
Sight
would
reach
,
that
thereby
he
might
strike
a
Terror
into
the
Hearts
of
the
Christians
;
who
after
having
lost
so
great
numbers
of
their
Souldiers
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
their
Horses
,
by
the
defect
of
Forrage
and
Provisions
,
in
such
a
difficult
March
of
three
Months
,
appeared
but
as
a
handful
in
comparison
of
such
a
fearful
Multitude
of
their
Enemies
.
The
Emperor
,
who
was
one
of
the
greatest
Captains
of
the
World
,
took
occasion
to
draw
an
Advantage
from
this
Action
of
the
Enemies
,
who
did
it
for
their
own
,
and
to
terrify
the
Christians
by
the
View
of
all
their
Forces
,
which
were
to
be
discovered
easily
from
their
Posts
;
for
he
put
on
a
counterfeit
Amazement
,
and
after
having
well
dissembled
a
Fear
,
by
the
little
Assurance
of
his
Countenance
,
and
the
many
Changes
which
he
made
in
the
order
of
his
Battle
,
he
caused
his
Troops
to
move
in
such
a
sort
of
Countermarch
,
as
gave
the
Turks
a
firm
Persuasion
that
he
had
not
the
least
Intention
to
Fight
,
but
rather
how
to
save
himself
by
a
Retreat
.
Hereupon
the
first
Squadrons
of
the
Barbarians
,
who
believed
that
the
Victory
was
already
as
good
as
in
their
Hands
,
and
that
they
had
nothing
more
to
do
,
but
to
change
this
Retreat
into
a
manifest
Flight
,
descended
from
the
Mountains
into
the
Plain
with
so
much
Precipitation
,
that
they
galloped
with
a
loose
Rein
,
and
in
great
Disorder
,
with
dreadful
Cries
,
according
to
their
Custom
,
after
these
supposed
Fugitives
.
But
they
soon
found
their
Mistake
,
for
the
Germans
turning
Head
imediately
upon
them
,
and
charging
them
with
their
Swords
,
quickly
made
them
fly
in
good
Earnest
,
after
having
left
a
great
many
stretching
upon
the
place
,
to
save
themselves
in
Hast
and
Confusion
upon
the
Mountains
,
with
the
gross
of
their
Army
,
which
was
not
yet
come
down
.
The
two
following
Days
passed
in
light
Skirmishes
,
but
upon
the
third
,
which
was
the
morrow
after
Whitsuntide
,
there
was
a
necessity
of
coming
to
a
general
Battle
.
Melich
,
who
had
too
many
Troops
to
be
able
to
range
them
commodiously
in
the
Ground
of
which
he
was
possessed
,
divided
his
Army
into
two
great
Bodies
,
which
he
posted
the
one
behind
the
other
,
year
1190
upon
two
Hills
which
were
separated
by
a
little
Valley
,
that
so
he
might
be
able
to
send
what
Troops
he
pleased
from
the
second
Hill
,
to
sustain
those
who
were
upon
the
first
.
He
commanded
the
first
Body
in
Person
,
his
Brothers
being
at
the
Head
of
the
other
,
which
served
as
a
Rereguard
.
The
Emperor
himself
,
on
his
side
,
led
the
Van
,
and
the
Command
of
the
Rere
he
gave
to
his
Son
,
the
Duke
of
Suabia
,
who
had
order
to
sustain
him
,
by
instantly
following
of
him
,
to
the
end
that
they
might
make
the
more
powerful
Effort
,
by
charging
both
together
,
almost
at
the
same
time
,
upon
the
first
Body
of
the
Enemies
.
Now
the
Ascent
of
the
Hill
upon
which
they
stood
in
Battalia
,
being
not
very
steep
,
the
Emperor
,
after
he
had
passed
the
prodigious
Discharge
of
their
Arrows
and
Stones
,
which
had
little
Effect
,
charged
upon
the
first
Squadrons
of
his
Enemies
;
after
which
,
contrary
to
their
Custom
,
they
made
some
Resistance
,
whereas
usually
their
manner
of
Fight
,
was
like
that
of
the
ancient
Parthians
,
from
whom
they
were
descended
,
in
vaulting
about
,
and
returning
to
the
Charge
after
they
had
wheeled
off
,
but
this
Resistance
lasted
but
a
little
time
,
for
these
sort
of
People
,
who
were
better
acquainted
with
robbing
and
killing
,
than
with
this
manner
of
sighting
,
not
being
able
to
sustain
the
furious
Shock
of
these
Germans
,
whose
very
Countenances
struck
them
with
Terrour
,
and
who
dealt
about
lusty
Blows
of
Pike
,
Sword
,
and
Battle-Axes
,
and
made
a
dreadful
Slaughter
among
such
as
either
durst
abide
their
Force
,
or
had
not
the
Opportunity
to
avoid
it
,
as
indeed
few
of
them
had
,
by
reason
of
the
greatness
of
their
Number
,
which
hindred
the
nimbleness
of
their
Flight
;
so
that
of
the
boldest
of
them
,
who
for
some
time
maintained
the
close
Fight
,
above
ten
thousand
lay
stretched
out
upon
the
Place
.
Melich
,
who
behaved
himself
very
gallantly
,
was
overthrown
by
a
Blow
of
the
Lance
,
and
four
of
the
Sultan's
principal
Noblemen
,
were
slain
by
his
Side
;
nor
was
it
without
extreme
Difficulty
and
Hazard
,
that
being
quickly
re-mounted
again
,
and
seeing
that
all
his
Vanguard
was
intirely
defeated
,
he
saved
himself
upon
the
Hill
,
where
the
Rereguard
,
commanded
by
his
Brothers
,
stood
in
Battalia
.
But
that
stood
but
a
small
time
;
it
was
already
half
defeated
,
by
the
Fear
which
seized
those
Troops
,
in
seeing
the
woful
Slaughter
of
their
Companions
of
the
Van
;
and
the
Flight
of
the
General
,
who
in
saving
himself
with
the
Flyers
,
carried
also
the
Terrour
and
the
Confusion
among
the
other
Squadrons
;
so
that
as
soon
as
ever
they
saw
the
Emperor
,
who
marched
over
the
Bellies
of
all
those
whom
he
found
in
the
Valley
,
advanced
gently
,
and
in
good
Order
against
them
,
they
presently
fled
at
full
Speed
,
towards
Iconium
,
having
the
Christians
still
at
their
Backs
,
who
pursued
them
until
it
was
Night
.
That
which
is
most
marvellous
in
this
Victory
,
is
that
the
Conquerors
obtained
it
without
almost
any
Loss
;
which
many
attributed
to
the
particular
Protection
of
St.
George
and
St.
Victor
,
which
are
the
ordinary
Names
that
are
called
upon
in
Battle
,
and
whom
some
affirmed
that
they
saw
combat
with
the
Turks
before
the
Squadrons
of
the
Christians
:
which
must
either
be
attributed
to
some
extraordinary
Effect
of
the
Divine
Commission
,
as
many
times
happened
to
the
People
of
Israel
,
according
to
the
Testimony
of
the
Scripture
it self
,
which
relates
to
us
the
Sun
's
standing
still
in
Gibeon
,
and
the
Moon
in
the
Valley
of
Ajalon
,
and
that
the
Stars
in
their
Courses
fought
against
proud
Sisera
,
and
that
the
Hailstones
,
of
prodigious
bigness
,
the
Artillery
of
Heaven
,
overthrew
the
Enemies
of
God
and
his
People
:
Or
else
it
is
possible
,
it
might
be
the
effect
of
what
diverse
of
them
had
often
heard
related
of
the
Celestial
Squadrons
which
were
reported
to
have
been
seen
in
the
first
Crusade
,
at
the
famous
Battle
of
Antioch
,
whose
Imagination
being
therefore
strongly
pre-possessed
with
the
Impressions
of
those
Ideas
,
might
upon
this
Occasion
frame
to
themselves
the
like
Apparitions
:
Be
it
as
it
will
,
this
is
certain
,
that
a
Cavaleer
of
Reputation
,
and
in
no
sort
to
be
thought
an
idle
or
dreaming
Visionary
,
whose
Name
was
Lewis
de
Helfenstein
,
affirmed
it
positively
before
the
Emperor
,
and
protested
to
him
before
the
whole
Army
,
upon
his
Oath
,
and
upon
the
Faith
of
a
vowed
Pilgrim
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
and
of
a
Crusade
,
that
he
had
more
than
once
seen
St.
George
at
the
Head
of
the
Squadrons
,
putting
the
Enemies
to
Flight
.
This
was
also
afterwards
confirmed
by
the
Turks
themselves
,
who
related
that
they
saw
,
year
1190
at
the
Head
of
the
Christian
Army
,
certain
Troops
in
white
Arms
,
which
were
no
where
to
be
found
among
them
.
I
must
needs
acknowledge
,
that
one
is
not
at
all
obliged
to
give
Credit
to
these
kind
of
Visions
,
which
for
the
most
part
are
the
Effects
of
great
Illusions
;
but
I
also
know
very
well
that
an
Historian
hath
no
manner
of
Right
,
by
the
Warrant
of
his
own
Authority
,
to
reject
such
as
are
supported
by
Testimonies
so
remarkable
as
this
is
;
and
that
if
he
be
left
at
his
own
Liberty
to
disbelieve
them
as
he
shall
please
,
yet
he
cannot
pretend
to
the
Liberty
by
suppressing
them
,
to
take
from
his
Readers
,
the
Right
which
they
have
after
the
reading
them
,
to
judge
of
them
as
they
think
fit
.
Now
as
these
Barbarians
did
again
,
with
the
same
ease
as
they
had
fled
,
rally
themselves
,
Melich
having
quickly
re-assembled
them
before
Iconium
,
sent
to
let
the
Emperor
know
,
from
the
Sultan
his
Father
,
that
he
was
ready
to
permit
him
free
Passage
,
and
to
furnish
him
with
all
manner
of
Provisions
in
Plenty
,
provided
,
that
he
would
,
for
Form
sake
only
,
pay
thirty
thousand
Crowns
,
and
oblige
the
Armenian
Christians
,
to
yield
to
the
Sultan
those
Places
which
they
held
in
Cilicia
,
which
the
Historians
of
that
time
,
do
for
this
Reason
,
so
often
confound
with
Armenia
.
To
this
Frederick
instantly
answered
,
sweetly
and
calmly
,
according
to
his
manner
,
but
magnificently
,
and
always
like
Caesar
;
That
a
Roman
Emperor
,
especially
at
the
Head
of
an
Army
of
Crusades
,
going
to
deliver
the
Sepulchre
of
Jesus
Christ
,
was
not
acquainted
with
the
way
of
Merchandising
for
his
Passage
with
Silver
,
when
he
knew
so
readily
how
to
open
it
more
nobly
,
with
the
harder
Metal
of
the
glittering
Steel
,
which
he
wore
by
his
Side
,
and
which
the
Sultan
should
ere
long
find
was
a
Key
,
that
would
not
only
let
him
out
of
his
Country
,
but
open
to
him
the
Gates
,
and
give
him
Entrance
into
his
Capital
City
of
Iconium
.
And
the
following
day
,
without
staying
for
any
other
Answer
,
he
removed
his
Camp
,
which
was
already
within
View
of
Iconium
,
and
advanced
towards
the
City
to
attack
it
.
Iconium
,
which
at
this
time
is
called
Cogny
,
the
Capital
City
of
Lycaonia
,
and
of
all
the
Dominions
of
this
Sultan
,
which
besides
this
Province
,
extended
into
Pisidia
,
Cappadocia
,
Pamphilia
,
and
Isauria
,
which
not
long
after
was
called
Caramania
,
was
afore
this
time
a
very
good
City
,
and
well
Fortified
,
where
the
Pacha
Governour
of
the
Province
made
his
Residence
.
But
it
was
at
this
time
much
Greater
,
more
Rich
and
Populous
,
environed
with
good
Walls
,
and
fortified
with
a
many
fair
Towers
,
of
a
wonderful
Thickness
,
and
extraordinary
Height
;
and
besides
it
had
in
the
fashion
of
a
Citadel
,
a
very
great
Castle
scituate
upon
a
Mountain
,
which
commanded
the
Town
;
and
in
the
Opinion
of
a
certain
Writer
,
who
was
present
at
that
War
,
the
City
was
no
way
less
than
Cologne
,
which
is
one
of
the
biggest
and
most
considerable
Cities
of
Germany
.
It
was
also
very
Beautiful
without
the
Walls
,
there
being
on
the
West
side
a
great
Park
inclosed
with
stone
Walls
,
in
which
the
Sultans
had
built
two
magnificent
Palaces
,
for
their
Diversion
during
the
Heats
of
the
Summer
;
there
were
also
round
about
it
abundance
of
Gardins
,
which
made
the
coming
to
it
on
that
part
very
pleasing
,
but
withal
very
difficult
,
by
reason
that
there
was
Convenience
for
the
placing
a
great
number
of
Souldiers
,
who
might
from
those
Covertures
discharge
in
great
Security
their
Arrows
,
against
those
who
approached
.
The
Emperor
nevertheless
,
having
commanded
every
Horseman
to
take
a
Footman
behind
him
,
that
so
upon
their
lighting
,
they
might
the
better
attack
those
who
defended
these
Inclosures
,
easily
made
himself
Master
of
them
,
and
there
lodged
all
the
Army
,
with
a
Resolution
the
next
Morning
,
being
the
twenty
eighth
of
May
,
to
Assault
the
City
,
though
it
was
defended
by
a
great
part
of
the
Enemies
Army
;
whilest
the
other
part
,
which
was
re-inforced
to
the
number
of
two
hundred
thousand
Men
,
was
in
the
Field
,
ready
to
charge
upon
the
Backs
of
the
Christians
,
in
case
they
attempted
any
thing
against
the
Town
.
So
soon
therefore
as
the
Day
appeared
,
the
Emperor
without
deferring
upon
the
Propositions
of
Peace
,
which
the
Sultan
made
only
to
amuse
him
,
divided
the
Army
into
two
Bodies
.
He
gave
the
Command
of
the
first
to
the
Duke
of
Suabia
,
his
Son
,
accompanied
with
Florent
Earl
of
Holland
,
with
Order
to
attack
the
City
:
And
the
other
he
commanded
himself
,
to
oppose
the
Enemies
,
if
they
should
attempt
to
fall
upon
them
behind
,
during
the
Attack
.
year
1190
Never
was
there
any
Enterprise
that
appeared
more
unadvisable
,
nor
never
any
that
did
more
happily
succeed
:
For
the
Sultan
,
who
was
issued
out
to
repulse
the
Assailants
,
scarcely
saw
the
foremost
Squadrons
,
who
ran
upon
him
with
their
Lances
conched
,
but
that
,
being
seized
with
the
Cowardly
Apprehension
of
Death
,
which
he
believed
,
without
flying
,
was
inevitable
,
he
ignominiously
shewed
them
his
Back
;
and
by
his
timerous
Example
,
drew
all
his
Troops
after
him
;
who
fled
with
such
a
Pannick
Fear
,
that
the
Germans
pursued
them
so
briskly
,
as
not
to
give
them
liberty
to
shut
the
Gates
before
they
also
were
entred
with
them
into
the
City
.
And
no
sooner
were
they
gotten
in
,
but
they
put
all
to
the
Sword
whom
they
met
in
the
Streets
and
Market-places
,
without
distinction
,
thereby
to
oblige
them
to
retire
into
their
Houses
,
and
leave
the
Streets
free
.
The
Sultan
,
with
great
difficulty
,
saved
himself
in
the
Castle
,
with
his
Children
,
and
that
which
was
most
considerable
in
the
Court
,
being
hotly
pursued
by
the
Duke
of
Suabia
,
who
chased
them
with
the
Sword
at
their
Backs
,
killing
and
slaying
all
that
opposed
him
,
or
stood
in
his
way
,
to
the
very
Gates
of
the
Fortress
.
Thus
this
great
City
was
taken
,
by
the
fearful
Disorder
occasioned
by
the
Cowardly
Timerousness
of
one
Man
:
And
the
Victors
made
themselves
Masters
of
it
,
without
almost
any
Loss
;
rather
owing
it
to
the
fear
of
the
Vanquished
,
than
to
their
own
Valour
,
since
they
found
no
Enemy
that
would
give
them
occasion
to
exercise
it
,
in
the
Execution
of
a
generous
Enterprise
.
All
this
time
the
Emperor
,
who
knew
nothing
of
the
Success
of
those
who
attacked
the
City
,
was
at
hard
Blows
with
the
great
Army
of
his
Enemies
;
for
they
knowing
that
he
had
only
a
Moyety
of
the
Army
,
charged
him
with
more
Resolution
than
was
customary
to
them
,
upon
the
hopes
which
they
had
,
that
they
should
easily
surround
such
a
little
Army
,
which
could
not
possibly
resist
two
hundred
thousand
Men
,
who
assailed
him
on
all
sides
at
the
same
time
.
And
,
in
truth
,
they
assailed
him
in
such
good
Order
,
and
with
so
much
Vigour
,
drawing
down
upon
him
on
every
side
,
all
together
,
with
fearful
Cries
,
and
an
infinite
number
of
Darts
,
Arrows
and
Stones
,
which
they
discharged
from
their
Bows
and
Slings
:
Insomuch
,
that
the
Christians
,
who
were
so
small
a
number
in
Comparison
,
and
so
harrassed
with
the
Fatigues
of
their
March
,
and
the
Combats
of
the
foregoing
Days
,
and
almost
spoiled
with
the
horrible
Rain
which
had
fallen
all
the
Night
before
,
began
to
despair
,
not
only
of
the
Victory
,
but
of
their
Lives
.
The
Bishops
themselves
,
and
the
Priests
,
habited
in
their
Rochets
,
Surplices
and
Stoles
,
who
expected
nothing
the
Stroak
of
Death
,
and
to
offer
to
God
their
Lives
as
a
Sacrifice
,
however
exhorted
the
Soldiers
,
with
great
Cries
,
to
do
the
same
,
and
expose
theirs
freely
,
after
their
Example
.
But
the
Emperor
,
ready
,
as
he
was
,
to
die
for
the
Love
of
Jesus
Christ
,
was
yet
resolved
,
if
it
were
possible
,
to
live
,
and
live
a
Conqueror
for
the
Love
of
Glory
;
and
therefore
,
galloping
amongst
the
Ranks
,
he
animated
them
by
his
Voice
and
Gesture
,
and
posted
to
put
himself
at
the
Head
of
the
foremost
Squadrons
;
where
regarding
his
People
with
Eyes
which
shot
Fire
into
the
very
Bottom
of
the
most
frozen
Courage
,
he
communicated
to
them
the
same
Ardour
with
which
his
noble
Heart
was
animated
.
What
do
you
stand
for
,
said
he
,
my
generous
Fellow-Soldiers
?
Let
us
go
,
Let
us
go
under
the
conquering
Ensign
of
the
Death
of
Christ
Jesus
,
who
calls
us
to
the
Victory
:
It
is
not
in
expecting
Death
from
them
,
but
in
carrying
it
among
our
Enemies
,
that
we
must
be
Victors
.
And
thereupon
,
setting
Spurs
to
his
Horse
,
he
threw
himself
into
the
thickest
Squadrons
of
the
Turks
,
all
covered
with
Sweat
and
Blood
,
as
he
was
;
and
his
Courage
furnishing
him
with
new
Forces
,
he
laid
about
him
,
cutting
,
overturning
and
killing
with
mighty
Blows
of
his
Sword
,
on
both
sides
of
him
,
all
those
that
durst
oppose
his
Fury
.
All
his
Soldiers
,
animated
by
his
Example
,
and
by
seeing
the
danger
to
which
their
Prince
exposed
himself
for
their
sakes
,
became
,
as
it
were
,
new
Men
;
and
as
if
they
had
but
just
freshly
begun
the
Combat
,
they
followed
him
with
so
much
Heat
,
Impetuosity
and
Fury
,
that
those
Squadrons
,
unable
to
sustain
the
terrible
Shock
,
being
overthrown
upon
those
who
followed
them
,
the
Terrour
spread
it self
so
among
the
rest
of
the
Army
,
that
they
presently
fell
into
Disorder
,
and
in
a
Moment
after
,
year
1190
into
a
downright
Flight
,
and
,
according
to
the
custom
of
these
Barbarians
,
saved
themselves
in
the
Mountains
,
leaving
ten
thousand
slain
upon
the
place
.
After
this
Execution
,
the
Emperor
,
who
was
not
willing
to
amuse
himself
,
by
pursuing
the
Fugitives
,
lead
his
victorious
Soldiers
to
the
City
,
of
the
Taking
whereof
he
was
by
this
time
advertised
;
where
he
was
received
,
as
it
were
,
in
Triumph
by
his
Son
.
He
gave
the
Plunder
of
it
to
his
Army
,
which
there
found
Riches
,
even
surpassing
Imagination
,
and
a
prodigious
quantity
of
all
kind
of
Provisions
,
to
refresh
them
,
after
so
many
Travels
,
Toyls
and
Hazards
.
The
Emperor
had
,
among
other
things
,
for
his
share
,
more
than
one
hundred
thousand
Marks
in
Gold
and
Silver
,
which
was
found
in
the
Palace
of
Melich
,
and
which
was
the
Money
,
which
Saladin
had
given
him
as
a
Portion
with
his
Daughter
.
The
next
Day
the
Emperor
caused
Prayers
to
be
publickly
sung
in
Iconium
,
and
Thanks
to
be
given
for
a
Victory
so
great
and
memorable
.
The
Sultan
then
,
seeing
himself
besieged
in
the
Castle
,
from
whence
he
could
not
escape
,
humbly
demanded
Peace
of
the
Emperor
,
upon
such
Conditions
as
he
should
please
:
And
Frederick
,
whose
great
design
was
to
advance
as
fast
as
possible
towards
Syria
,
to
combat
with
Saladin
,
after
having
publickly
reproached
this
miserable
Sultan
with
his
base
Perfidiousness
,
did
him
the
favour
to
promise
him
,
that
he
would
restore
the
City
to
him
in
the
Condition
wherein
it
was
,
provided
only
that
he
should
furnish
him
with
Provisions
for
all
the
time
he
marched
through
his
Dominions
;
and
that
for
a
Warranty
of
the
Performance
of
his
Word
,
he
should
put
into
his
hands
,
as
Hostages
,
twenty
of
the
greatest
Persons
of
his
Court
,
whom
the
Emperor
should
chuse
;
and
that
,
after
the
Repose
of
seven
days
,
wherein
his
Army
was
to
be
Quartered
,
partly
in
the
Town
,
and
partly
in
the
Sultan's
Park
,
he
would
take
his
March
,
and
quit
the
City
,
as
he
also
did
,
on
the
30th
Day
of
May
,
arriving
at
Laranda
,
upon
the
Frontier
of
Cilicia
,
at
the
Foot
of
Mount
Taurus
;
from
whence
,
nevertheless
,
he
did
not
release
the
Hostages
,
in
regard
that
his
Subjects
had
again
molested
the
Army
upon
their
March
.
The
Mountain
Taurus
is
the
greatest
,
and
the
highest
,
of
all
those
of
Asia
;
and
which
,
taking
different
Names
in
the
several
Provinces
through
which
it
passeth
,
or
which
it
divides
from
one
another
,
as
well
on
this
,
as
the
further
side
of
Euphrates
,
retains
particularly
the
Name
of
Taurus
in
Cilicia
;
which
it
separates
from
Isauria
,
Lycaonia
,
Cappadocia
,
and
the
lesser
Armenia
,
by
a
long
Chain
of
Mountains
and
Rocks
,
extream
broken
and
frightful
;
where
it
lifts
up
it self
upon
the
Sea-Coast
,
towards
the
Consines
of
Isauria
,
in
which
place
it
bends
it self
in
the
form
of
a
Crescent
:
and
after
having
formed
this
great
Demicircle
,
it
comes
to
a
Butt
upon
the
same
Sea
,
upon
the
East
,
near
the
City
of
Issus
,
so
celebrated
,
for
the
Battle
which
Alexander
the
Great
gained
against
Darius
,
in
the
Straits
of
these
Mountains
.
They
are
for
the
most
part
,
by
reason
of
their
excessive
heighth
,
covered
with
Snow
,
that
there
is
no
passing
of
them
,
but
in
Summer
;
and
then
so
broken
with
Precipices
,
so
steep
and
ragged
,
that
they
are
wholly
inaccessible
,
except
by
three
Passes
,
which
are
extream
narrow
,
and
difficult
of
Access
:
So
that
they
are
called
by
the
Greeks
,
Piles
,
or
Ports
,
by
one
of
which
there
is
a
necessity
of
passing
,
to
enter
into
Cilicia
.
It
was
by
that
,
of
these
three
,
which
leads
towards
Cappadocia
and
Lycaonia
,
that
the
Emperor
,
after
having
reposed
some
time
at
Laranda
,
began
to
engage
himself
in
the
Passage
of
these
Mountains
,
which
could
not
be
performed
in
many
days
,
and
with
a
great
deal
of
difficulty
.
He
received
,
during
this
troublesom
Passage
,
with
abundance
of
Joy
,
Livon
,
Prince
of
Armenia
,
the
Brother
of
Rupin
de
la
Montagne
,
who
,
with
the
principal
Persons
of
that
Country
,
came
to
wait
upon
him
,
and
pay
him
their
Respects
;
offering
all
that
they
had
,
at
his
Service
,
for
his
Accommodation
.
After
they
had
taken
their
leave
of
him
,
leaving
six
of
them
to
accompany
him
,
he
at
last
accomplished
this
difficult
Passage
,
the
10th
of
June
;
and
dis-incumbring
himself
of
these
tiresom
Rocks
,
he
descended
into
the
Valley
,
which
is
watered
by
the
River
Cydnus
.
This
River
ariseth
out
of
Mount
Taurus
,
in
the
Coast
of
Cappadocia
;
from
whence
,
entring
into
Cilicia
,
by
one
of
these
Valleys
,
which
are
formed
by
these
Mountains
,
it
rowls
its
gentle
Streams
,
extream
clear
and
fresh
,
upon
its
murmuring
Bed
of
clean
Gravel
and
Pebbles
;
and
is
not
very
spacious
tiil
,
year
1190
having
passed
through
the
famous
City
of
Tharsus
,
it
dischargeth
it self
into
the
Ocean
.
History
hath
made
this
River
famous
,
by
the
extream
danger
which
Alexander
there
run
of
losing
his
Life
,
whilst
in
the
Heat
of
Summer
,
being
all
on
fire
with
the
violence
of
the
burning
Season
,
he
would
needs
bath
himself
in
these
too
cool
Streams
of
Cydnus
,
being
then
upon
his
March
against
Darius
.
But
an
Accident
more
deplorable
,
which
here
happened
to
the
Emperor
Frederick
by
the
very
same
way
,
ought
for
ever
to
render
the
Memory
of
that
fatal
River
odious
.
For
the
very
same
day
,
which
was
a
Sunday
,
the
Eve
of
St.
Barnabas
,
this
great
Prince
,
after
having
dined
upon
the
Bank
of
that
River
,
which
he
had
just
passed
,
seeing
the
Water
,
which
to
him
seemed
very
delightful
,
and
not
able
to
support
the
intollerable
Heat
of
that
Season
of
the
Year
,
without
making
use
of
that
Remedy
which
was
so
easie
,
and
which
he
naturally
loved
,
would
needs
bath
himself
in
those
cool
and
refreshing
Streams
,
notwithstanding
all
that
was
alledged
to
divert
him
from
it
:
but
he
was
no
sooner
in
the
River
,
into
the
middle
of
which
he
threw
himself
,
but
that
the
excessive
Coldness
of
the
Water
seized
him
in
a
moment
;
and
penetrating
his
Pores
,
which
,
by
reason
of
the
extream
Heat
,
were
so
open
,
combated
his
natural
Heat
and
Spirits
with
so
much
Violence
that
,
in
a
Swound
,
he
sunk
down
to
the
bottom
of
the
Water
.
He
was
,
however
,
taken
up
alive
,
and
so
soon
as
he
began
to
return
to
his
Memory
,
perceiving
his
death
approaching
,
he
gave
Thanks
unto
Almighty
God
,
who
did
him
the
favour
to
call
him
in
his
Pilgrimage
,
and
in
the
Performance
of
his
Vow
;
and
recommending
his
Soul
into
his
Hands
,
and
offering
his
Life
in
Sacrifice
for
the
Remission
of
his
Sins
,
he
presently
expired
.
I
know
that
many
Writers
report
the
matter
otherwise
,
and
say
,
that
his
Horse
foundring
in
the
Passage
of
the
River
,
his
Foot
hung
in
the
Stirrup
,
and
so
he
was
drowned
,
as
he
was
passing
into
Armenia
,
over
the
River
Salef
:
but
as
the
most
ancient
Historians
,
his
Contemporaries
,
and
some
of
them
who
were
present
,
positively
,
some
of
them
,
affirm
,
it
was
the
River
Cydnus
:
And
others
of
them
say
,
it
was
a
River
near
Tarsus
,
in
which
he
was
drowned
,
swimming
after
Dinner
;
and
that
one
of
them
informs
us
,
that
he
died
not
till
the
Evening
.
In
my
Opinion
,
there
is
not
the
least
place
left
for
deliberation
,
which
of
them
we
ought
to
believe
;
especially
considering
that
it
is
very
easie
to
reconcile
these
Historical
Differences
,
by
what
was
before
observed
,
that
it
was
then
very
customary
to
confound
Armenia
with
Cilicia
,
and
that
the
River
Salef
is
the
same
Cydnus
,
as
the
Annalist
Roger
gives
us
to
understand
,
by
the
Description
which
he
makes
of
those
Countries
.
Thus
died
one
of
the
greatest
Princes
that
ever
filled
the
Throne
of
the
Caesars
,
Frederick
the
First
,
in
the
seventieth
Year
of
his
Age
,
whilst
he
was
marching
to
combat
Saladin
,
for
the
Re-Conquest
of
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
;
to
which
important
Design
,
he
had
levelled
the
Way
,
by
all
those
Victories
which
he
had
so
gloriously
gained
against
the
Greek
Emperor
,
and
the
Sultan
of
Iconium
,
the
Allies
of
Saladin
.
The
sole
Renown
of
the
Actions
of
this
invincible
Prince
struck
that
famous
Conqueror
with
so
great
a
fear
,
that
upon
the
very
Rumour
and
Noise
of
his
Coming
,
despairing
to
be
able
to
maintain
them
against
him
,
he
caused
the
Walls
of
Laodicea
in
Syria
,
of
Giblet
,
Tortosa
,
Biblis
,
Berytus
and
Sydon
to
be
demolished
;
and
had
thoughts
himself
of
retiring
into
Egypt
,
that
he
might
not
be
obliged
to
hazard
his
Fortune
against
that
of
an
Enemy
so
successful
and
formidable
.
He
was
happy
in
finishing
a
Life
so
illustrious
,
in
the
Course
of
his
Victories
,
and
before
giddy
Fortune
,
who
never
loves
to
court
one
Favourite
long
,
had
begun
to
forsake
him
:
but
much
more
happy
in
a
Death
so
full
of
Glory
,
and
of
Deserts
before
God
and
Men
,
since
he
died
in
the
generous
Pursuit
of
his
great
Design
,
in
quitting
his
own
Empire
,
to
re-establish
that
of
Jesus
Christ
,
in
that
mysterious
Spot
of
Ground
,
where
he
was
pleased
to
work
,
by
his
Life
,
and
by
his
Death
,
the
great
Wonder
of
our
Salvation
.
For
thus
it
is
that
we
ought
charitably
to
judge
of
the
Death
of
this
Prince
,
by
those
things
which
we
know
of
him
,
and
not
according
to
the
rash
,
medling
Humour
of
some
,
who
will
needs
pretend
to
enter
into
the
incomprehensible
Judgments
of
God
,
who
have
had
the
Confidence
to
attribute
his
Death
to
the
Divine
Vengeance
,
as
a
Punishment
for
the
War
which
he
made
against
the
Holy
See
.
year
1190
Great
Presumption
of
Humane
Nature
!
which
,
under
the
pretext
of
Religion
and
Piety
,
dares
so
audaciously
undertake
to
regulate
the
Decrees
of
Heaven
;
and
by
a
Judgment
which
,
in
its
own
nature
,
is
extreamly
criminal
,
to
pre-judge
that
which
Jesus
Christ
himself
only
hath
the
Authority
of
giving
,
and
which
must
be
kept
secret
until
the
last
Day
.
So
soon
as
the
general
Consternation
,
or
rather
the
extream
Despair
,
in
which
the
Army
was
,
by
reason
of
this
deplorable
Accident
,
was
a
little
over
,
the
Princes
and
General
Officers
being
assembled
,
by
a
common
Consent
,
acknowledged
Frederick
,
Duke
of
Suabia
,
for
their
General
;
the
Emperor
,
his
Father
,
at
his
death
,
having
recommended
the
Care
of
the
Army
to
him
,
and
left
it
under
his
Command
.
It
was
with
as
much
Joy
as
was
possibly
to
be
expected
in
such
a
deep
Affliction
,
that
the
Army
took
the
Oath
of
Fealty
to
him
,
whom
they
acknowledged
as
the
true
Heir
,
and
the
living
Image
of
all
the
great
Qualities
and
Vertues
of
his
Father
.
And
this
Prince
,
who
in
reallity
possessed
them
in
a
degree
very
nearly
approaching
the
Perfections
of
that
admirable
Emperor
,
made
it
appear
quickly
that
he
was
his
true
Successor
,
by
his
Liberality
,
in
bestowing
great
Largesses
upon
the
Soldiers
,
to
whom
he
divided
the
greatest
part
of
the
Treasure
which
fell
to
his
Father's
share
at
the
taking
of
Iconium
.
After
he
had
therefore
divided
the
Army
into
two
parts
,
the
lesser
number
imbarked
on
the
Vessels
which
the
Armenians
,
who
then
held
divers
places
in
Cilicia
,
furnished
him
withal
;
and
himself
with
the
greater
Party
,
after
having
interred
the
Emperor's
Entrails
,
and
embalmed
the
Body
of
his
Father
,
at
Tarsus
,
took
his
way
by
Land
towards
Antioch
,
where
he
did
not
arrive
till
after
a
tedious
March
of
six
Weeks
,
wherein
he
suffered
extreamly
,
both
by
the
defect
of
Provisions
,
and
by
the
continual
Ambushes
of
the
Turks
.
But
the
Abundance
which
he
found
in
this
great
City
,
where
he
was
most
magnificently
received
,
was
more
fatal
to
his
Army
,
than
either
all
the
Want
they
had
endured
,
or
all
the
Combats
they
had
undergone
,
since
their
parting
from
Constantinople
;
for
the
Soldiers
passing
suddenly
from
one
Extream
into
another
,
there
followed
so
much
Sickness
,
such
a
Mortality
,
and
at
last
,
the
Plague
among
them
,
in
such
a
furious
manner
,
that
of
a
numerous
and
flourishing
Army
,
which
it
was
when
it
entred
into
Asia
,
there
remained
not
more
than
seven
thousand
Foot
,
and
five
or
six
hundred
Horse
;
with
which
,
notwithstanding
,
the
valiant
Frederick
marched
over
the
Bellies
of
all
that
durst
oppose
him
,
and
happily
arrived
at
the
City
of
Tyre
.
There
it
was
that
he
payed
the
last
Duties
to
his
Father
,
whom
he
caused
to
be
interred
in
the
great
Church
,
with
all
the
Magnificence
and
Ceremonies
of
a
Funeral
Pomp
,
worthy
of
so
great
an
Emperor
,
the
Archbishop
of
Tyre
,
from
whom
he
received
the
Cross
,
making
his
Elegy
in
a
most
admirable
Funeral
Oration
.
After
which
,
Duke
Frederick
went
to
joyn
the
Christian
Army
,
which
for
two
years
had
undertaken
and
pursued
the
famous
Siege
of
Ptolemais
,
in
the
manner
which
I
am
about
to
relate
.
When
Saladin
,
after
a
Years
Imprisonment
at
Damascus
,
gave
Liberty
to
King
Guy
of
Lusignan
,
he
exacted
from
him
,
among
other
hard
Conditions
,
that
he
should
renounce
all
manner
of
Claim
to
the
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
;
and
to
engage
himself
by
a
soremn
Oath
,
to
repass
the
Sea
as
soon
as
it
was
possible
.
But
after
he
was
at
liberty
,
the
Bishops
declared
that
this
Oath
was
in
no
sort
obliging
,
in
regard
it
was
forced
from
him
by
Compulsion
,
and
in
his
Restraint
;
and
also
because
Saladin
himself
had
first
violated
his
Faith
,
in
not
delivering
his
Prisoner
so
soon
as
Ascalon
was
rendred
to
him
,
as
he
had
promised
.
And
for
this
Reason
the
King
,
who
was
retired
to
Tripolis
,
began
to
renew
the
War
,
after
he
had
assembled
a
considerable
number
of
Troops
of
those
of
his
own
Realm
,
who
before
durst
not
appear
,
but
flocked
in
to
him
upon
the
Arrival
of
the
Crusades
;
who
seeing
the
French
and
English
engaged
in
War
,
came
along
with
Geoffrey
de
Lusignan
,
his
Brother
.
Having
gained
some
Advantages
of
the
Turks
in
the
beginning
,
he
after
went
and
presented
himself
before
Tyre
,
where
the
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
who
pretended
he
had
justly
acquired
the
Principality
of
that
City
,
refusing
him
Entrance
,
he
was
so
enraged
,
that
although
he
had
not
half
Forces
enough
for
such
an
Enterprise
,
yet
he
encamped
before
the
place
,
and
put
himself
into
a
posture
of
besieging
it
.
year
1190
But
the
Patriarch
Heraclius
,
and
the
great
Master
of
the
Templers
,
wisely
representing
to
him
,
that
it
was
impossible
for
him
to
attempt
a
matter
of
this
nature
,
without
absolutely
ruining
,
not
only
himself
,
but
all
the
Hopes
that
yet
remained
to
the
Christians
in
Palestine
,
he
desisted
from
it
;
and
thereupon
,
desperate
to
see
that
he
had
not
one
place
left
to
him
in
all
his
Kingdom
;
for
Tripolis
appertained
of
Right
to
Raymond
,
Prince
of
Antioch
,
he
took
Counsel
of
his
Dispair
,
and
turning
short
to
the
Left
Hand
,
he
lead
his
little
Army
directly
to
Ptolemais
,
in
hopes
to
take
it
,
either
by
Assault
,
or
by
Surprise
.
Ptolemais
,
by
some
called
Accon
,
or
Acre
,
derives
its
Name
from
one
of
the
Kings
of
Egypt
,
who
was
its
Restorer
,
and
was
at
that
time
,
a
fair
and
large
City
,
lying
upon
the
Coast
of
the
Phoenician
Sea
.
It
was
of
a
Triangular
Figure
,
the
Base
of
it
being
towards
the
East
,
the
two
Sides
towards
the
North
and
South
,
and
the
Point
ended
in
a
Rock
,
which
advanced
it self
a
good
space
into
the
Sea
,
upon
the
West
;
where
the
Town
becoming
the
narrowest
,
abutted
upon
a
great
,
high
and
strong
Tower
,
which
was
called
the
Fly-Tower
,
because
that
formerly
,
in
that
place
stood
a
Temple
dedicated
to
Beelzebub
,
which
signifies
the
God
of
Flies
.
It
also
served
for
a
Watch-Tower
,
or
Light-House
,
to
discover
the
Entry
of
the
Haven
,
which
lay
towards
the
South
,
in
a
certain
Bay
which
the
Sea
made
in
that
place
,
which
was
very
commodious
,
and
capable
of
receiving
great
numbers
of
Ships
.
It
was
incompassed
with
very
strong
Walls
and
Barbicans
,
or
Out-Walls
,
with
large
and
deep
Ditches
and
Graffs
;
as
also
,
with
very
good
Towers
,
placed
at
convenient
distances
,
to
defend
each
other
:
The
principal
of
these
,
which
served
as
a
Castle
and
Fortress
to
the
City
,
was
called
the
Wicked
Tower
,
by
reason
that
the
People
,
by
an
old
sottish
Fable
,
which
,
according
to
Custom
,
was
held
for
an
Authentick
Tradition
among
them
,
had
a
Belief
that
it
was
built
with
those
thirty
Pieces
of
Money
,
for
which
Judas
sold
our
Saviour
.
The
Country
adjacent
was
very
pleasant
,
being
a
fair
and
rich
Champaign
,
which
upon
the
North
,
was
bounded
by
Mount
Saron
,
distant
about
two
Leagues
from
the
City
;
and
upon
Mount
Carmel
on
the
South
,
much
about
the
same
distance
;
towards
the
East
it
was
extended
to
the
Mountains
of
Galilee
,
from
whence
there
arose
two
small
Rivers
,
one
whereof
passing
through
the
City
,
emptied
it self
into
the
Sea
,
at
the
Haven
:
The
other
,
called
Belus
,
flows
about
two
hundred
and
fifty
Paces
from
the
City
,
Southwards
,
and
is
famous
for
having
been
the
occasion
of
the
Invention
of
Glass
,
by
furnishing
the
Materials
of
which
it
was
first
made
.
For
about
the
middle
of
its
Course
,
it
forms
a
kind
of
a
Lake
,
or
Marish
,
which
Pliny
calls
,
the
Lake
of
Cyndevia
,
of
a
round
Figure
,
which
may
be
some
hundred
Cubits
in
Compass
,
the
Bottom
whereof
is
full
of
a
certain
Sand
which
by
the
Winds
is
driven
into
it
from
the
Tops
of
the
adjacent
Hills
,
where
it
obtains
a
Disposition
which
inclines
it
easily
to
be
turned
into
Glass
;
for
being
boiled
and
purisied
in
a
Furnace
,
it
turns
into
a
transparent
Mass
,
white
and
clear
,
almost
like
Crystal
:
And
that
which
is
most
wondrous
,
any
small
piece
of
this
Crystal
being
thrown
upon
the
Banks
of
this
Lake
,
in
little
time
regains
its
former
Nature
,
and
is
converted
into
the
same
common
Sand
which
it
was
,
before
it
was
blown
by
the
Winds
into
this
Lake
.
But
though
this
Champaign
about
Ptolemais
be
very
equal
and
level
towards
the
Foot
of
the
Mountains
which
inviron
it
,
yet
there
are
two
Hills
near
the
Town
;
the
one
of
which
is
called
Turon
,
which
some
have
confounded
with
the
famous
Castle
of
Thoron
,
situate
some
three
or
four
Leagues
from
thence
,
upon
the
Extremity
of
the
Mountains
of
Tyre
,
which
extend
themselves
to
the
upper
Galilee
:
The
other
is
called
the
Hill
of
the
Mosquee
,
on
the
other
side
the
River
Belus
;
upon
which
,
besides
that
Mosquee
of
the
Sarasins
,
is
to
be
seen
an
ancient
Sepulchre
,
which
they
say
is
that
of
Memnon
,
though
without
giving
us
precisely
any
Foundation
whereupon
to
establish
that
Belief
.
This
was
the
nature
of
this
place
,
which
proved
the
Theatre
of
so
many
brave
Actions
as
were
performed
at
this
Siege
of
Ptolemais
,
which
one
may
well
say
,
was
one
of
the
most
memorable
which
is
related
in
any
History
.
year
1190
This
City
was
taken
from
the
Christians
,
about
the
Year
636.
by
Omar
,
the
Successour
of
Mahomet
,
who
easily
made
himself
Master
of
it
,
all
things
in
Asia
stooping
,
as
it
were
,
to
receive
the
Yoke
of
this
Conqueror
.
King
Baldwin
l.
regained
it
from
the
Sarasins
,
in
the
Year
1104.
in
twenty
four
days
,
by
the
help
of
the
Fleet
of
the
Genoese
;
and
after
the
unfortunate
Battle
of
Tiberias
,
Saladin
constrained
it
to
surrender
in
two
days
;
but
the
Christians
under
King
Guy
of
Lusignan
,
to
re-take
it
from
Saladin
,
laid
Siege
to
it
,
which
lasted
more
than
three
Years
;
where
the
gallant
Actions
which
were
done
upon
one
side
and
the
other
,
with
all
the
Forces
of
Europe
and
Asia
,
which
were
there
employed
,
either
to
attack
it
,
or
defend
it
,
have
rendred
it
most
celebrated
to
Posterity
.
The
King
therefore
being
resolved
to
have
this
Town
,
that
so
he
might
,
at
least
,
have
one
in
his
Realm
,
and
one
by
which
he
might
with
Convenience
receive
the
Succours
of
the
West
,
began
to
form
his
Siege
against
it
about
the
end
of
August
,
in
the
Year
1188.
with
his
little
Army
,
which
the
Sarasins
of
Ptolemais
looked
upon
with
such
Contempt
,
that
they
did
not
think
it
worth
the
shutting
of
their
Gates
against
him
:
And
,
in
truth
,
he
had
not
above
seven
hundred
Horse
,
and
about
eight
or
nine
thousand
Foot
,
comprising
the
Pisans
,
which
the
Archbishop
of
that
place
had
brought
to
the
Succour
of
the
Holy
Land
,
and
whom
the
Marquis
of
Montferrat
had
driven
out
of
Tyre
,
by
reason
that
he
espoused
the
Interest
of
Guy
de
Lusignan
,
as
the
Archbishop
of
Ravenna
,
with
the
Venetians
and
Lombards
,
did
that
of
the
Marquis
.
There
were
in
Ptolemais
four
times
the
number
of
Soldiers
,
under
very
good
Officers
,
whom
Saladin
had
placed
there
,
to
oppose
the
Garrison
of
Tyre
,
and
to
preserve
that
Port
;
which
being
in
the
middle
of
his
Conquests
,
was
most
convenient
to
receive
the
Fleet
which
he
was
rigging
in
Egypt
.
The
King
nevertheless
,
who
had
many
brave
Men
,
and
who
believed
that
he
might
draw
some
Advantage
from
this
foolish
Presumption
of
his
Enemies
,
and
from
the
Contempt
which
they
had
of
this
small
number
,
did
not
fail
to
attack
the
place
;
and
he
did
it
so
briskly
,
some
attempting
the
Gates
,
which
were
open
,
and
others
presenting
the
Scalade
at
those
places
where
the
Walls
were
lowest
,
that
they
had
infallibly
taken
the
Town
at
that
very
time
,
if
that
first
Fury
had
not
been
dashed
by
an
unlucky
Report
which
was
spread
about
,
and
which
they
afterwards
found
salfe
;
that
Saladin
,
with
a
powerful
Army
,
was
coming
to
fall
upon
their
Rear
:
for
without
giving
himself
the
leisure
to
examine
whether
the
Report
were
true
or
false
,
this
poor
Prince
,
who
was
accused
to
be
very
defective
in
point
of
Bravery
,
was
so
terrified
with
the
very
Shadow
of
Saladin
,
that
he
immediately
caused
the
Retreat
to
be
founded
,
and
went
and
fortified
himself
upon
the
Eminence
of
Turon
,
thinking
now
of
nothing
but
to
strengthen
his
Camp
,
and
expect
the
Succours
of
the
Crusades
,
who
,
during
the
War
between
the
two
Crowns
of
England
and
France
,
arrived
daily
,
one
after
another
,
in
Palestine
.
This
was
the
first
Errour
which
Guy
of
Lusignan
committed
during
this
Siege
,
which
was
occasioned
by
the
too
great
Apprehension
of
Danger
,
where
there
was
really
none
.
And
at
the
same
time
Saladin
fell
into
another
,
no
way
inferiour
on
his
part
,
in
that
he
had
not
taken
sufficient
Pre-caution
against
what
might
happen
:
For
that
Prince
,
who
then
besieged
the
Fortress
of
Beaufort
,
which
lay
upon
the
River
Eleutherus
,
some
five
or
six
Leagues
from
Ptolemais
,
and
which
belonged
to
the
Knights
of
the
Temple
;
having
understood
that
Guy
of
Lusignan
had
undertaken
the
Siege
of
that
City
,
he
thanked
God
,
that
he
had
put
his
Enemies
into
his
Hands
,
and
that
he
had
now
the
Opportunity
to
destroy
the
Remainder
of
the
Christians
,
who
were
come
,
he
said
,
to
put
themselves
into
their
own
Chains
.
And
as
those
who
applauded
this
brave
Speech
advised
him
,
immediately
to
lay
hold
of
so
fair
an
Occasion
to
defeat
them
,
as
then
presented
it self
;
he
made
Answer
,
That
the
Victory
being
indubitable
,
he
was
resolved
that
his
Brother
,
who
was
to
joyn
him
within
a
few
days
,
should
not
lose
his
share
in
the
pleasure
of
it
:
but
he
became
instructed
by
a
chargeable
Experiment
,
something
with
the
latest
for
so
great
a
Captain
,
That
in
Martial
Affairs
,
the
Loss
of
Time
is
an
irreparable
Error
;
and
that
,
deferring
the
Execution
of
what
is
to
be
done
in
a
Critical
Conjuncture
,
which
is
not
to
be
fixed
according
to
Fancy
and
Imagination
,
is
never
to
be
recovered
:
For
Victory
,
which
usually
attends
a
favourable
moment
is
no
more
to
be
recalled
then
that
happy
Minute
when
once
,
the
Insufficiency
,
year
1190
Negligence
or
Presumption
of
a
Captain
,
permits
it
to
slide
from
between
his
Hands
.
For
Saladin
coming
in
some
time
after
with
an
Army
of
an
hundred
Thousand
men
to
attack
the
Christians
,
whom
he
believed
he
should
defeat
without
any
dispute
,
found
he
was
in
a
mighty
mistake
and
that
though
he
had
to
do
with
an
Army
which
was
much
less
than
his
own
,
yet
they
were
far
more
Valiant
and
much
augmented
in
Numbers
in
Comparison
of
what
they
were
at
the
first
.
And
in
Fact
it
was
composed
of
very
gallant
men
,
who
having
retrenched
themselves
most
advantageously
upon
the
Hill
of
Turon
,
notwithstanding
all
the
Furious
Attacks
which
he
made
both
Night
and
Day
,
he
was
not
able
to
force
their
Camp
,
but
was
at
last
constrained
to
incamp
himself
at
the
Foot
of
the
Hill
which
he
totally
surrounded
,
to
besiege
these
Besiegers
,
not
doubting
in
the
least
but
he
should
have
them
at
his
Discretion
in
a
little
time
for
want
of
Provisions
.
And
certainly
the
Christians
who
had
neither
Force
enough
to
fight
him
in
the
Plain
Field
,
no
Provisions
sufficient
to
maintain
their
Camp
,
for
any
long
time
,
must
have
been
reduced
to
very
fatal
Extremities
,
when
there
appeared
in
a
suddain
a
great
Fleet
of
above
Fifty
Ships
who
with
full
Sail
bore
directly
afore
the
Wind
towards
the
Shoar
.
The
Christians
who
from
the
Top
of
the
Hill
easily
discovered
this
Navy
,
were
presently
under
the
Apprehensions
,
that
this
might
be
the
Naval
Force
of
Saladin
which
was
daily
expected
out
of
Egypt
;
and
those
who
were
on
Board
,
seeing
from
far
a
Camp
upon
the
Top
of
that
Hill
,
were
reciprocally
suspicious
,
that
it
was
the
Camp
of
the
Turks
,
who
having
gotten
Intelligence
of
the
great
Preparations
in
Europe
,
for
the
Succour
of
the
Christians
in
Palestine
,
attended
their
Landing
there
,
with
a
Resolution
to
fight
them
and
prevent
their
Descent
.
But
when
the
Fleet
drawing
nearer
,
both
the
Christians
in
the
Camp
perceived
the
Cross
in
the
Ensigns
of
the
Ships
which
they
wore
upon
the
Poopes
,
and
those
who
were
aboard
saw
the
same
displayd
in
the
Colours
of
the
Camp
,
they
mutually
faluted
each
other
with
great
Shouts
of
Joy
,
which
presently
informed
Saladin
of
the
Arrival
of
Succours
,
which
was
in
a
few
Moments
repeated
by
an
agreable
Surprise
,
in
the
discovery
of
another
Fleet
more
numerous
then
the
first
,
which
came
from
the
Coast
of
Tyre
to
reinforce
the
Camp
of
the
Christians
.
The
first
was
a
Fleet
of
Danes
and
Frisons
,
to
which
were
joyned
such
of
the
English
who
were
resolved
not
to
stay
till
the
two
Kings
were
accorded
to
make
their
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
.
These
were
all
chosen
men
,
resolute
to
employ
the
last
drop
of
their
Blood
for
the
deliverance
of
the
Sepulchre
of
Jesus
Christ
;
and
they
did
so
well
accomplish
that
resolution
,
that
of
twelve
thousand
Gentlemen
who
arrived
upon
this
Fleet
,
there
remained
not
above
one
hundred
alive
at
the
End
of
the
Siege
.
Their
Passage
also
was
no
less
glorious
than
advantageous
to
Christendom
,
for
in
their
Way
they
took
from
the
Sarasins
the
City
of
Silves
in
Portugal
,
which
they
put
into
the
Hands
of
the
King
Dom
Sancho
the
Son
of
the
great
Alphonso
:
and
it
hapned
that
they
were
at
the
same
time
joyned
by
several
other
Ships
,
who
had
on
board
a
great
Number
of
Volunteers
both
Nobility
and
Soldiers
under
diverse
French
Lords
and
Princes
;
the
Principal
of
which
were
Robert
Second
Count
de
Dreux
,
with
his
Brother
Philip
the
Bishop
of
Beavais
,
the
Cousins
of
the
King
;
Thiband
Earl
of
Chartres
and
Stephen
his
Brother
,
Earl
of
Sancerre
,
Rayoul
Count
de
Clermont
in
Beavoise
,
Thiband
Count
de
Bar
,
Erard
Count
de
Brienne
,
and
Andrew
his
Brother
,
who
was
esteemed
one
of
the
most
Gallant
men
of
his
time
;
William
Count
de
Châlon
upon
the
Saone
,
Geoffry
de
Joinville
,
Senescal
de
Champagne
,
Guy
de
Dampiere
,
Anseric
de
Montreal
,
Manasses
de
Gerland
,
Guy
de
Chatillon
Upon
the
Marne
,
and
his
Brother
Gaucher
the
Third
,
who
was
afterwards
Earl
of
St.
Paul
,
and
who
signalized
himself
under
that
illustious
name
by
a
thousand
noble
Actions
,
which
he
performed
in
the
War
against
the
Albigenses
,
and
in
serving
Philip
the
August
against
the
Enemies
of
the
Crown
,
and
above
all
in
the
Famous
Battle
of
Bovines
,
where
he
commanded
the
Rereguard
of
the
Royal
Army
.
Gaucher
the
Second
Grandfather
of
these
two
brave
Lords
,
and
his
Brother
Renaud
de
Chastillon
,
had
formerly
been
in
the
Second
Crusade
under
the
Conduct
of
King
Lewis
the
Young
.
year
1190
Gaucher
miserable
perished
in
the
unfortunate
Combat
of
the
Mountain
of
Laodicea
,
and
the
Valiant
Renaud
,
who
had
been
Prince
of
Antioch
,
was
slain
by
the
Hand
of
Saladin
himself
after
the
deplorable
and
fatal
Battle
of
Tiberias
;
Guy
de
Chattillon
,
who
was
imbarked
upon
this
Fleet
with
the
French
Princes
,
lost
his
Life
at
the
Siege
of
Accon
:
So
that
there
are
to
be
found
few
Families
in
France
,
which
have
contributed
so
many
great
Men
for
the
Holy
War
,
as
have
been
derived
from
this
Illustrious
House
of
Chastillon
;
from
whence
some
tell
us
was
descended
that
great
Eudes
de
Chastillon
,
Archdeacon
of
Reims
,
Prior
of
Clugny
,
Cardinal
de
Ostia
,
and
at
last
Sovereign
Pope
under
the
Name
of
Vrban
the
Second
,
who
was
the
Author
of
the
first
of
the
Crusades
.
But
we
are
otherwise
informed
by
Alberick
the
Monk
of
the
three
Fountains
of
the
Diocess
of
Chalons
upon
the
Marne
in
his
Chronicle
,
which
is
only
a
collection
of
old
Contemporary
Authors
,
and
of
which
I
have
had
a
fair
Manuscript
communicated
to
me
by
M.
Mabre
Craymoisy
,
Director
of
the
Royal
Printing-House
of
the
Louvre
,
who
also
printed
this
History
.
This
Alberick
in
his
Chronicle
,
under
the
Year
1087.
which
is
that
of
the
Exaltation
of
Vrban
,
produceth
not
only
Guy
de
Basosches
,
as
the
Writer
of
the
History
of
the
Popes
,
but
another
Author
called
Hugh
,
who
affirms
that
this
Pope
was
born
at
Chastillon
upon
the
Marne
,
and
that
he
was
Son
to
the
Lord
de
Lageri
,
whose
descendants
from
Rodolph
,
the
Brother
of
Vrban
,
to
the
fifth
Generation
he
there
gives
an
Account
of
;
so
that
Eudes
the
Monk
of
Clugny
took
his
Sirname
from
the
Place
of
his
Birth
,
according
to
the
Custom
of
those
times
,
and
of
our
own
also
in
some
Monasteries
,
his
Fathers
Name
according
to
Panvinius
being
Miles
;
another
of
our
most
Famous
Genealogists
,
will
by
all
means
have
him
to
be
the
Son
of
a
Lord
of
Chastillon
,
whom
he
calls
Miles
,
but
who
never
was
in
rerum
Natura
except
in
his
own
prolifick
Brain
,
since
it
is
most
evident
that
he
was
deceived
,
as
his
own
Son
a
most
knowing
Person
ingeniously
confesseth
,
and
is
made
apparent
by
comparing
what
he
saith
with
Guibert
the
Abbot
of
Nogent
,
an
Author
of
that
time
,
who
affirms
that
he
was
born
in
the
Territory
of
Reims
where
the
Seigniory
of
Lageri
lies
.
I
have
been
willing
contrary
to
my
Custom
to
make
this
Genealogick
Remark
,
to
shew
how
easie
it
is
for
Writers
to
be
deceived
in
these
kind
of
Matters
,
by
mistaking
sometimes
the
place
of
their
Birth
for
that
of
the
Seigniory
;
and
that
when
by
such
an
Equivocal
Slip
one
comes
to
be
perswaded
that
a
man
is
descended
from
such
a
House
,
into
which
Genealogical
Stemm
having
grafted
him
they
presently
find
out
for
him
such
imaginary
Fathers
,
Mothers
and
Grandfathers
as
never
were
in
being
,
as
they
have
done
for
this
Pope
Vrban
the
Second
.
And
for
this
reason
it
is
that
I
have
not
given
my self
or
the
Reader
much
Trouble
in
discussing
the
Genealogies
of
those
persons
of
whom
I
have
Occasion
to
speak
in
this
Work
,
in
regard
that
is
not
only
very
troublesome
,
but
uncertain
,
unprofitable
,
Invidious
and
Vain
,
and
in
no
sort
proper
for
an
Historian
,
who
ought
to
leave
such
Researches
to
those
who
make
it
their
peculiar
Design
to
record
the
History
of
some
Illustrious
House
.
To
return
therefore
to
my
Subject
,
James
Lord
of
Avesnes
,
and
Guise
,
one
of
the
most
renowned
Captains
of
his
Age
,
being
desirous
to
imitate
the
Zeal
of
Gerard
d'
Avesnes
one
of
his
Ancestors
who
was
in
the
first
Crusade
,
joyned
these
Princes
with
a
good
Troop
of
his
Subjects
.
So
that
these
generous
French
all
together
made
more
then
ten
thousand
brave
men
,
who
burning
with
an
earnest
Desire
as
soon
as
possible
to
combat
the
Infidels
had
not
the
Power
to
wait
till
the
two
Kings
should
be
in
a
Condition
to
accomplish
their
Vow
,
but
caused
a
Fleet
at
their
own
Charges
to
be
rigged
out
at
Marseilles
,
from
whence
in
thirty
five
days
time
they
arrived
prosperously
in
the
Road
of
Ptolemais
at
the
same
time
,
that
the
Dains
Frisons
and
English
came
to
an
Anchor
in
the
same
place
;
so
that
together
they
formed
a
very
fair
Army
.
The
other
Fleet
was
that
of
the
Germans
,
who
had
gone
to
Sea
to
reinforce
the
Army
of
the
Emperor
,
under
the
Conduct
of
the
Lantgrave
of
Thuringia
and
the
Duke
of
Guelderland
,
who
coming
to
ride
before
the
Port
of
Tyre
,
had
at
length
perswaded
the
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
who
was
before
frequently
sollicited
by
such
as
came
from
the
besieged
Army
upon
the
Hill
Turon
,
to
joyn
his
Fleet
with
theirs
,
so
that
weighing
Anchor
with
about
twenty
two
thousand
Soldiers
aboard
,
they
stood
directly
for
Ptolemais
,
year
1190
where
by
a
very
fortunate
adventure
they
arrived
at
the
same
time
with
the
other
Fleet.
So
that
Saladin
perceiving
he
had
two
powerful
Armies
in
the
Head
of
him
,
whose
landing
he
could
not
oppose
without
exposing
himself
to
be
attacked
by
those
who
were
incamped
on
the
Hill
,
drew
off
into
another
Eminence
opposite
to
that
of
Turon
and
there
retrenched
himself
,
in
Expectation
of
Reinforcements
,
which
were
marching
towards
him
from
all
Quarters
.
But
the
Captains
of
the
Christian
Army
in
a
few
days
,
having
also
received
fresh
Supplies
of
Crusades
,
French
and
Italians
,
and
seeing
they
had
more
Forces
then
the
Christians
had
ever
before
had
since
their
coming
into
Palestine
,
as
also
that
it
would
be
difficult
to
force
the
Town
in
the
View
of
such
a
Potent
Army
as
was
that
of
Saladin
,
they
resolved
at
last
to
oblige
him
to
a
Battle
,
to
which
that
Prince
was
already
sufficiently
inclined
,
There
was
between
the
two
Camps
a
fair
and
large
Plain
,
where
the
two
Armies
might
with
case
range
themselves
in
Battle
,
and
from
the
Hills
they
both
descended
as
if
it
had
been
by
concert
,
at
break
of
day
the
fourteenth
of
October
.
The
Christian
Army
consisted
in
forty
thousand
Horse
and
a
hundred
thousand
Foot
,
which
were
divided
into
four
Bodies
,
drawn
up
in
three
Lines
,
the
first
which
made
the
right
Wing
,
wherein
the
King
would
command
was
composed
of
his
own
Troops
,
with
those
of
France
and
the
Knights
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
.
The
Second
which
was
the
left
,
was
commanded
by
the
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
who
besides
his
own
Troops
which
were
the
best
in
all
the
East
,
had
also
those
which
Eudes
Archbishop
of
Ravenna
,
the
Venetians
and
Lombards
,
who
were
of
his
Party
,
had
brought
to
him
.
The
Body
of
the
Battle
which
was
the
third
was
formed
partly
of
the
Germans
,
under
the
Lantgrave
;
the
Danes
and
English
,
with
the
Pisans
under
their
ArchBishop
,
who
were
of
the
King's
Party
.
And
the
fourth
which
was
the
Body
of
Reserve
,
was
conducted
by
Gerrard
de
Bibesford
Great
Master
of
the
Temple
accompanied
with
his
Knights
,
and
the
Germans
under
the
Duke
of
Guelderland
,
as
also
of
the
Catalonians
,
who
had
joyned
the
French
at
Marseilles
.
Geoffry
de
Lusignan
,
and
James
de
Avesnes
with
their
Troops
,
remained
to
guard
the
Camp
,
and
to
defend
it
against
those
of
the
City
who
might
sally
out
to
attack
it
during
the
Battle
.
The
Cavalry
was
ranged
in
the
Intervals
of
the
Battallions
of
the
Second
Line
;
and
the
Light-Horse
,
being
all
Archers
,
were
in
the
Front
,
followed
by
the
men
at
Armes
,
who
were
all
of
the
Nobility
,
who
had
acquired
great
Experience
in
the
Wars
of
Europe
,
and
in
whom
consisted
the
Principal
Strength
of
the
Army
.
On
the
other
Side
Saladin
whose
Army
was
by
much
more
Numerous
,
consisting
in
an
Hundred
thousand
Horse
,
and
more
Foot
,
divided
this
great
Army
into
seven
Bodies
;
he
put
six
into
two
Lines
which
he
opposed
to
those
of
the
Christians
,
and
the
seventh
was
for
a
Reserve
,
besides
the
Troops
which
he
left
for
the
Guard
of
the
Camp
.
Never
was
there
seen
greater
Ardour
or
Chearfulness
in
any
Christian
Army
,
than
appeared
upon
this
Day
;
there
was
not
so
much
as
one
Soldier
who
made
the
least
doubt
of
a
certain
Victory
,
and
who
did
not
look
upon
the
Turks
as
a
Booty
abandoned
to
them
,
to
inrich
themselves
with
their
Spoils
;
and
there
was
one
among
the
Captains
,
who
seeing
the
Resolution
of
so
many
brave
men
as
composed
this
flourishing
Army
,
the
like
whereof
had
never
been
seen
in
the
Holy
Land
,
cried
out
by
a
horrible
Trusport
of
his
Indignation
and
a
Presumption
too
justly
to
be
blamed
as
Criminala
,
is
tthere
hen
any
Power
in
all
Asia
,
which
can
be
capable
of
resisting
us
in
the
Condition
wherein
we
are
?
It
is
impossible
for
me
not
to
despise
this
Multitude
of
Enemies
which
face
us
;
and
if
God
Almighty
will
but
stand
Neuter
without
aiding
the
one
or
the
other
Part
,
we
are
most
assured
of
the
Victory
,
since
we
have
nothing
else
to
do
but
to
march
to
it
over
the
Bellies
of
all
this
Army
which
opposes
us
.
Insupportable
Vanity
of
the
Spirit
of
Mankind
!
which
so
easily
loseth
it self
in
the
Foolish
Ideas
which
its
frames
of
its
own
Strength
,
which
in
reallity
without
his
Help
is
nothing
but
miserable
Weakness
,
as
too
plainly
appeared
in
the
Issue
of
this
Battle
.
The
two
Armies
being
drawn
up
stood
facing
one
the
other
without
attempting
any
thing
,
till
nine
of
the
Clock
in
the
Morning
,
and
then
the
first
Battallions
of
the
Christians
suddainly
opened
upon
the
signal
given
,
the
Cavalry
advanced
from
between
the
Intervals
and
began
the
Combat
.
year
1190
The
Light-Horse
after
having
discharged
their
Arrows
,
covering
themselves
with
their
Bucklers
,
sell
with
Sword
in
Hand
upon
the
first
Squadrons
of
the
Enemies
,
to
whom
they
scarce
gave
time
to
make
their
first
Discharge
.
Whereupon
the
Men
at
Armes
who
followed
them
close
,
entred
at
the
Breaches
they
had
made
,
overturning
and
killing
with
the
mighty
Force
of
the
Lance
whatever
they
met
with
that
opposed
them
;
and
at
the
same
time
the
Batallions
of
Foot
,
who
followed
at
a
great
Pace
after
the
Cavalry
,
threw
themselves
upon
those
People
already
disordered
by
the
first
Shock
,
and
charged
in
upon
them
with
Sword
and
Pikes
;
and
in
the
first
Heat
fought
with
so
much
Fury
,
that
they
found
him
to
recoil
,
and
in
a
Moment
after
pressing
vigorously
upon
them
,
they
threw
them
upon
the
Second
Line
,
which
instead
of
sustaining
them
,
were
so
struck
with
a
pannick
Fear
,
that
they
fell
into
a
Rout
,
and
betook
themselves
to
a
manifest
Flight
,
leaving
the
Field
quite
naked
,
that
so
according
to
their
Custom
they
might
themselves
fly
with
the
foremost
.
The
Christians
now
believing
themselves
with
the
Place
of
Battle
intirely
possessed
of
the
Victory
,
sent
forth
mighty
Shouts
of
Joy
,
which
still
the
more
terrified
their
Enemies
,
who
fled
at
loose
Rein
;
so
that
Saladin
himself
unable
to
stop
them
in
this
horrible
Disorder
,
was
also
carried
along
with
the
Croud
of
the
Fugitives
.
But
this
Joy
did
not
last
long
,
by
reason
of
a
suddain
Change
of
Fortune
,
which
happened
from
three
or
four
Causes
which
altogether
concurred
in
the
disaster
which
attended
the
Christian
Army
.
For
first
the
Soldiers
,
who
ought
to
have
pursued
their
Point
,
and
have
given
Chace
to
the
Enemies
to
hinder
their
rallying
,
immediately
fell
upon
the
Camp
,
which
Fear
had
caused
those
who
guarded
it
to
abandon
,
and
fell
to
plundering
,
especially
the
Tents
of
Saladin
,
which
were
replenished
with
Infinite
Riches
;
nor
was
it
in
the
Power
of
the
Captains
to
prevent
this
disorder
,
so
much
did
the
Sight
of
those
magnificent
Pavilions
,
all
shining
with
Silk
and
Gold
,
inflame
the
Covetousness
of
the
Soldiers
,
who
gave
ear
to
nothing
but
the
Dictates
of
their
Greedy
Avarice
.
Now
Saladin
who
was
a
great
Captain
,
and
perceived
this
Disorder
,
failed
not
to
make
his
Advantage
of
it
,
and
therefore
according
to
the
Custom
of
these
Barbarians
so
conformable
to
their
Predecessors
,
the
Ancient
Parthians
,
they
were
as
quickly
rallied
as
they
had
been
quickly
routed
;
of
all
the
Christian
Army
,
there
remained
none
in
the
Field
of
Battle
,
besides
the
great
Master
of
the
Temple
,
who
with
his
Body
,
without
runing
to
the
Spoil
,
as
did
the
rest
,
pursued
the
Victory
in
very
good
Order
.
Saladin
finding
himself
incomparably
the
Stronger
,
after
the
Rallyment
which
he
had
made
,
and
not
doubting
in
the
least
,
but
he
should
easily
deal
with
the
rest
,
if
he
could
only
defeat
this
single
Body
,
which
was
that
only
which
was
in
a
Condition
of
fighting
,
marched
instantly
towards
him
and
stopping
him
in
the
middle
of
his
Course
,
obliged
him
to
change
his
pursuit
into
a
more
regular
Combat
;
the
Fight
was
for
a
time
on
both
sides
maintained
with
a
most
obstinate
Courage
,
and
all
the
Vigour
imaginable
,
the
one
fighting
to
preserve
the
advantage
and
the
Victory
which
they
had
already
gotten
,
and
the
other
to
snatch
it
out
of
the
Hands
of
these
few
who
remained
in
order
of
Battle
,
and
who
could
not
expect
to
be
relieved
.
But
at
length
a
new
Re-inforcement
,
which
Saladin
did
not
in
the
least
expect
,
and
who
came
just
in
the
very
Heat
of
the
Fight
,
quite
turned
the
Scale
of
Fortune
to
his
side
.
It
was
five
or
six
thousand
men
,
who
during
the
Battle
had
issued
out
of
the
Town
,
and
who
having
made
a
shew
as
if
they
would
attack
the
Camp
only
to
amuse
those
who
defended
it
,
turned
short
to
the
left
,
to
fall
upon
the
Rere
of
those
whom
they
saw
in
so
small
a
number
combating
against
their
Party
.
So
that
this
small
number
being
overpowered
by
the
Multitude
of
their
Enemies
,
who
surrounded
them
on
all
Parts
,
was
at
last
constrained
to
give
way
,
and
endeavour
to
save
themselves
in
the
best
manner
that
they
could
,
after
having
left
the
greatest
part
of
their
Valiant
Companions
extended
upon
the
Earth
,
and
among
others
the
Great
Master
,
and
the
Steward
of
the
Order
,
and
eighteen
or
twenty
of
the
bravest
Knights
.
Saladin
without
losing
any
time
turned
short
towards
his
Camp
,
which
was
full
of
the
disorderly
Soldiers
of
the
Christians
,
who
were
so
busie
in
plundering
,
that
they
had
not
so
much
as
perceived
this
Action
of
Saladin
.
There
was
nevertheless
some
Rallyment
made
by
the
Diligence
of
the
Captains
,
year
1190
who
seeing
the
Danger
wherein
they
were
advanced
,
with
those
Troops
which
they
could
draw
together
,
to
oppose
the
first
Effort
of
the
Enemy
;
and
some
still
coming
after
others
,
and
putting
themselves
into
Order
of
Battle
as
well
as
they
could
,
they
began
again
to
renew
the
Combat
,
with
some
hope
of
regaining
the
advantage
by
their
Valour
,
which
they
had
lost
by
their
Indiscretion
.
But
it
happened
as
it
doth
frequently
,
that
the
greatest
Events
depend
upon
the
most
trifling
things
,
that
a
ridiculous
Accident
made
them
loose
anew
all
their
Hopes
,
and
put
all
into
disorder
and
Confusion
.
For
the
Germans
who
had
been
the
most
greedy
of
the
Booty
as
they
had
pillaged
the
Tents
of
Saladin
,
were
endeavouring
to
get
together
to
secure
their
Booty
before
they
returned
to
the
Combat
.
It
happened
,
that
a
Horse
the
most
beautiful
of
all
which
they
had
taken
,
being
broken
from
them
,
a
great
many
of
them
followed
him
with
all
Speed
to
take
him
again
,
thereupon
some
of
them
who
were
already
engaged
,
seeing
them
in
that
hast
and
Precipitation
almost
breathless
,
running
in
that
tumultuous
manner
,
there
being
nothing
so
disturbing
as
a
suddain
Fear
,
imagined
that
the
greatest
Part
of
their
Enemies
having
invested
them
,
were
falling
upon
their
Backs
,
whilest
that
Saladin
after
having
cut
the
Templers
in
pieces
,
came
to
attack
them
in
the
Front
.
This
Imagination
made
them
instantly
face
about
,
and
at
that
Moment
seeing
a
great
many
others
following
the
first
who
cried
after
the
Horse
,
they
made
no
doubt
but
that
they
fled
from
their
Enemies
who
pursued
them
,
and
thereupon
fell
to
running
also
,
thereby
drawing
by
their
Example
those
who
were
next
them
,
to
a
shameful
Flight
.
It
fortuned
also
at
the
same
time
,
that
some
demanding
in
this
Tumult
and
Confusion
What
is
the
Matter
?
Some
others
at
a
Venture
made
Answer
that
those
of
the
Town
having
defeated
the
Guard
were
plundering
the
Camp
,
so
that
this
Report
being
presently
spread
through
the
whole
Army
all
disbanded
,
and
ran
with
Precipitation
and
disorder
towards
the
Camp
,
some
to
save
that
,
others
to
save
themselves
,
all
to
lose
their
Honour
and
the
day
,
and
without
doubt
all
had
been
lost
,
if
Geoffry
de
Lusignan
,
and
James
de
Avesnes
,
who
came
out
in
order
of
Battle
with
the
Body
which
they
commanded
,
had
not
stopped
the
Turks
who
pursued
with
great
Eagerness
the
Flying
Christians
and
constrained
them
to
take
also
their
Turn
of
running
,
and
making
the
best
of
their
Way
to
their
own
Camp
.
Thus
ended
the
unlucky
Day
,
the
Honour
whereof
both
parties
challenged
as
their
own
,
and
endeavoured
as
well
as
they
could
to
frame
some
kind
of
Appearance
of
a
Victory
to
themselves
.
The
Christians
for
having
taken
and
plundered
the
Camp
of
the
Sarasins
,
who
were
also
finally
repulsed
by
them
.
The
Sarasins
for
that
they
had
put
the
Christians
to
Flight
,
and
beaten
them
to
their
very
Camp.
the
loss
however
certainly
fell
much
more
heavily
upon
the
Sarasins
than
upon
the
Christians
;
for
the
Christians
did
not
lose
above
two
thousand
Men
besides
the
great
Master
of
the
Temple
and
his
Knights
,
and
Count
Andrew
de
Brienne
,
who
was
slain
while
he
endeavoured
to
stop
the
Flight
of
his
Soldiers
.
Whereas
Saladin
,
beside
incomparably
a
greater
Number
of
Turks
,
which
were
slain
in
the
first
Charge
,
lost
also
Mirasalion
his
eldest
Son
,
his
Nephew
Tokedin
,
and
his
Lieutenant
General
Migebat
,
who
were
slain
upon
the
Place
,
with
the
greatest
Part
of
his
Officers
,
and
the
most
Valiant
men
of
his
Army
,
who
were
ashamed
to
fly
as
did
the
rest
at
the
very
Beginning
of
the
Battle
.
After
this
having
mutually
tasted
of
each
others
Courage
,
they
did
as
it
were
by
consent
on
both
sides
forbear
fighting
,
and
fell
to
fortifiing
themselves
;
Saladin
in
drawing
new
Troops
from
all
the
Places
in
his
Dominions
and
the
Christians
,
by
working
upon
their
Retrenchments
before
the
Town
,
and
making
Strong
Lines
of
Circumvallation
against
the
Army
of
Saladin
,
Contravallation
against
those
of
the
City
whom
they
Besieged
very
straitly
by
distributing
their
Quarters
within
the
two
Lines
in
this
manner
:
The
Marquis
of
Montferrat
took
his
Post
toward
Tyre
on
the
North
to
the
very
Coast
of
the
Sea
;
Upon
his
left
were
the
Knights
of
the
Hospital
,
in
a
fair
Estate
which
they
possessed
before
the
loss
of
Ptolemais
.
After
them
incamped
the
Genoese
,
upon
a
Hill
called
Mount
Musard
.
The
French
possessed
the
quarter
between
the
North
and
the
East
,
having
at
their
Head
Robert
Earl
of
Dreux
,
with
the
Bishop
of
Beavais
his
Brother
,
year
1190
the
Counts
de
Blois
,
de
Clermont
,
de
Bar
,
and
de
Brienne
,
Hugh
de
Gournay
,
and
the
brave
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
which
came
upon
the
Fleet
which
was
equipped
at
Marseilles
;
and
to
animate
them
to
the
War
,
they
had
also
with
them
the
Archbishops
of
Besanson
,
Nazareth
and
Montreal
,
on
the
further
side
of
Jordan
.
The
English
were
posted
more
to
the
East
,
under
the
Conduct
of
Baldwin
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
Hubert
Bishop
of
Salisbury
,
and
Ranulph
de
Glanvile
.
Next
to
them
were
the
Flemmings
,
accompanied
by
the
Bishop
of
Cambray
,
Raymond
the
Second
,
Viscount
de
Turenne
,
and
the
Lord
of
Issodun
,
who
extended
themselves
to
the
Hill
of
Turon
.
Upon
the
Hill
was
the
Quarter
of
the
King
,
who
besides
Queen
Sibyl
his
Wise
,
Geoffry
,
and
Aimar
de
Lusignan
his
Brothers
,
Humphrey
de
Thoron
his
Brother-in-Law
,
Hugh
Lord
of
Tabary
,
Renaud
de
Sidon
,
the
Patriarch
Heraclius
,
the
Bishops
of
Accon
and
Bethlehem
,
with
all
the
principal
Men
of
his
Realm
,
had
also
with
him
the
Viscount
of
Chastelleraud
,
with
the
Troops
of
Poiteumes
,
in
whom
he
had
the
greatest
Confidence
,
in
regard
they
were
his
own
Countrymen
.
The
Knights
of
the
Temple
encamped
next
,
under
James
d'
Avesnes
with
his
Hainaulters
,
over
against
the
Wicked
Tower
.
Lower
towards
the
South
,
the
Lawgrave
of
Thuringia
,
and
the
Duke
of
Guelderland
were
posted
with
the
Germans
,
Danes
,
and
Frisons
,
upon
the
Hill
of
the
Mosque
,
on
this
side
the
River
Belus
.
The
Archbishop
of
Pisa
,
with
the
Pisans
,
was
lodged
towards
the
Port
,
and
the
Archbishop
of
Ravenna
,
with
the
Venetians
and
Lombards
,
a
little
lower
upon
the
Brink
of
the
Sea
,
where
the
Lines
ended
upon
the
South
.
This
was
the
Disposition
of
the
Christian
Camp
during
all
the
time
of
this
Siege
,
which
proved
very
long
,
for
three
Reasons
more
especially
.
First
,
because
Saladin
,
who
had
re-inforced
his
Army
with
a
prodigious
number
of
Souldiers
,
which
repaired
to
him
continually
,
from
all
the
Provinces
of
Africa
and
Asia
,
attacked
the
Lines
,
so
often
as
the
Christians
attacked
the
City
,
and
that
way
made
so
great
a
diversion
of
their
Forces
,
that
they
never
had
a
sufficient
Force
to
take
it
by
Assault
.
The
second
was
,
that
the
Garrison
being
very
strong
,
and
consisting
in
the
most
valiant
Men
that
Saladin
had
,
under
the
Command
of
Caracos
,
the
most
experienced
of
all
his
Captains
,
and
under
whom
,
he
himself
had
served
his
Apprenticeship
in
the
Trade
of
War
,
they
defended
themselves
so
well
,
and
made
such
furious
Sallies
,
and
to
so
good
Effect
,
ruining
the
Works
,
burning
the
Engines
,
the
Towers
,
and
the
wooden
Castles
,
which
were
built
by
the
Besiegers
,
that
after
a
great
deal
of
Time
and
Trouble
,
and
the
loss
of
many
of
their
Men
,
they
were
always
,
as
it
were
,
beginning
,
which
raised
so
much
Dispair
in
some
,
that
quitting
the
Siege
,
they
returned
into
the
West
;
as
among
others
did
the
Lantgrave
,
after
that
the
Besieged
had
burnt
a
Tower
,
which
with
prodigious
Labour
he
had
raised
higher
than
the
highest
of
the
City
it self
.
And
without
all
doubt
,
this
precipitate
Retreat
,
gave
occasion
to
that
false
and
malicious
Report
,
which
was
so
much
to
his
Dishonour
,
spread
abroad
,
That
Saladin
had
beaten
him
home
with
a
golden
Sword
,
and
that
by
secret
Confederacy
,
he
had
suffered
that
formidable
Machin
to
be
burnt
for
want
of
a
sufficient
Defence
.
But
in
short
,
the
third
and
principal
Reason
of
the
excessive
length
of
this
Siege
was
,
that
both
the
one
and
the
other
received
great
Succours
of
Men
and
Provisions
by
Sea
,
whereby
they
still
indeavoured
to
increase
their
Power
.
In
the
beginning
the
Christians
were
absolute
Masters
;
for
a
few
days
before
the
Battle
,
they
received
a
Re-inforcement
of
ten
thousand
Foot
,
and
five
hundred
Horse
,
with
all
sorts
of
Munitions
;
and
in
the
first
Year
,
there
came
to
them
above
five
hundred
Ships
from
Pavia
,
Calabria
,
and
Sicily
,
who
after
having
discharged
themselves
of
the
Men
and
Provisions
,
returned
to
fetch
more
.
But
this
Assistance
failing
by
the
Death
of
William
King
of
Sicily
,
and
the
Fleet
which
Saladin
had
rigged
in
Egypt
,
riding
Mistress
of
the
Ocean
,
the
Besieged
received
all
manner
of
Refreshments
,
and
the
Besiegers
were
so
miserably
afflicted
with
a
cruel
Famine
,
which
constrained
them
to
feed
on
the
Carcasses
of
the
dead
Animals
;
and
which
became
so
insupportable
,
that
a
Party
of
the
Army
threw
themselves
in
Disorder
,
and
in
despight
of
the
Wills
of
their
Officers
,
upon
the
Enemies
Camp
,
that
there
they
might
get
some
Provisions
;
and
in
their
Return
,
falling
into
an
Ambuscade
,
were
all
cut
in
pieces
.
However
this
continued
not
long
,
in
regard
it
was
remedied
by
the
good
Conduct
of
the
Marquis
de
Montferrat
,
year
1190
who
returning
from
Tyre
with
his
Fleet
,
which
he
went
to
sit
out
to
Sea
,
defeated
that
of
Saladin
in
the
View
of
the
Town
,
and
revictualed
the
Camp
,
which
in
a
little
time
received
a
new
Reinforcement
of
excellent
Troops
,
under
the
Conduct
of
young
Henry
Earl
of
Champagne
,
and
also
all
kind
of
Provisions
and
Arms
,
which
were
now
with
Liberty
brought
in
by
Sea
.
Thus
,
as
the
Besiegers
and
Besieged
,
were
from
time
to
time
succoured
by
the
Way
of
the
Sea
,
they
were
as
it
were
,
by
turns
,
sometimes
Weak
and
Strong
,
according
as
they
had
the
Command
of
that
Passage
.
On
the
other
side
Saladin
,
who
believed
always
that
the
best
way
was
to
cire
out
the
Patience
of
the
Christians
,
or
to
famish
them
,
would
by
no
means
come
to
a
declsive
Battle
;
so
that
Matters
stood
as
it
were
in
a
continual
Balance
,
neither
Party
obtaining
any
considerable
Advantage
over
the
other
.
But
towards
the
end
of
the
second
Year
of
the
Siege
,
there
happened
a
new
Division
between
the
King
and
the
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
which
indangered
the
Loss
of
all
.
Queen
Sibyl
and
her
Daughter
being
dead
by
the
Incommodities
of
so
long
a
Siege
,
Humphrey
de
Thoron
,
the
Husband
of
Isabella
,
the
Sister
of
the
late
Queen
,
who
had
not
the
Courage
to
accept
of
the
Realm
when
it
was
offered
him
intire
,
before
the
Victories
of
Saladin
,
had
now
an
Inclination
to
pretend
to
it
,
when
it
was
reduced
to
the
last
Extremities
.
Guy
de
Lusignan
,
although
with
the
Queen
his
Wife
he
had
lost
all
manner
of
Right
,
which
he
held
only
from
her
Life
,
yet
protested
nevertheless
,
that
being
Chosen
,
Annointed
,
and
Acknowledged
King
,
he
could
not
be
divested
of
that
August
Character
,
which
he
was
absolutely
resolved
never
to
quit
,
but
together
with
his
Life
.
Hereupon
the
Princes
were
divided
into
diverse
Factions
:
But
the
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
who
was
the
most
powerful
and
most
cunning
among
them
,
taking
the
Part
first
of
the
one
and
then
of
the
other
,
with
an
Intention
to
remove
them
both
,
endeavoured
upon
their
Division
to
establish
himself
both
in
the
Possession
of
the
Princess
and
of
the
Realm
.
And
though
the
Enteprise
,
was
both
surprizing
and
bold
,
yet
it
did
not
appear
to
him
to
be
very
Difficult
;
for
being
Brave
,
Rich
,
Liberal
,
fortunate
in
War
,
and
of
a
mighty
Reputation
,
it
was
easy
for
him
to
gain
a
great
Party
among
the
Princes
,
who
knew
very
well
there
was
no
Comparison
between
him
and
his
two
Rivals
.
For
Guy
de
Lusignan
,
had
nothing
that
could
appear
in
competition
of
his
great
Qualities
,
and
Humphrey
de
Thoron
,
in
his
Face
,
his
Behaviour
,
and
his
Humour
,
no
way
Martial
,
together
with
mighty
Boyishness
,
had
more
of
the
Air
of
a
young
Girl
than
of
a
Man
:
And
besides
,
the
Marquis
had
a
secret
Understanding
with
the
Queen
Mother
,
Mary
the
Niece
of
the
Emperor
Manuel
,
and
the
Princess
Isabella
her
Daughter
,
who
had
no
Hatred
for
his
Person
.
Now
as
they
had
all
taken
their
Measures
,
the
Queen
Mary
and
the
Princess
,
caused
Humphrey
to
be
Cited
before
the
Bishop
of
Accon
,
the
Patriarch
Heraclius
being
then
sick
to
Death
;
and
upon
the
Testimony
of
Balian
Lord
of
Ybelin
,
who
had
espoused
the
Queen
Mary
,
the
Widow
of
King
Amauri
,
of
Payen
Lord
of
Caïphas
,
and
of
Renaud
de
Sidon
,
whom
the
Marquis
had
gained
;
the
Marriage
was
declared
Null
,
upon
the
Pretence
,
that
the
Princess
had
never
given
her
Consent
;
but
that
being
extreme
young
,
she
had
been
compelled
to
marry
Humphrey
;
and
that
she
had
always
disclaimed
it
,
and
protested
against
it
as
an
Act
of
Force
and
Violence
.
After
which
the
Marquis
publickly
Married
Isabella
by
the
Ministery
of
the
Bishop
of
Beavais
;
and
carried
himself
as
King
,
to
the
great
Scandal
of
all
good
People
,
who
plainly
saw
and
detested
this
shameful
Collusion
,
and
the
horrible
Injustice
which
was
done
to
Humphrey
.
It
is
said
also
,
that
Baldwin
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
was
so
sensibly
touched
with
the
Displeasure
which
he
took
at
this
abominable
Action
,
and
the
Apprehension
which
he
had
of
the
horrible
Disorders
which
were
like
to
insue
thereupon
in
the
Army
,
that
he
fell
sick
with
the
Vexation
;
and
in
five
days
died
,
as
Holily
as
he
had
lived
Religiously
.
But
the
greatest
part
adhered
to
the
Marquis
,
and
in
regard
the
publick
Fortune
seemed
to
depend
upon
him
,
principally
for
the
Provisions
which
were
to
come
from
Tyre
,
even
those
who
were
not
at
all
satisfied
,
yet
were
obliged
to
dissemble
their
Displeasure
;
so
that
a
patched
Accommodation
was
made
,
by
which
the
one
and
the
other
were
to
remain
in
the
State
wherein
they
were
,
year
1190
in
expectation
of
the
coming
up
of
the
Emperor
and
the
two
Kings
,
to
whom
the
Judgment
of
this
Affair
was
to
be
committed
.
In
this
Condition
it
was
,
that
the
Affairs
of
this
famous
Siege
stood
,
when
News
was
brought
of
the
Death
of
the
Emperor
,
and
the
Arrival
of
the
Duke
of
Suabia
at
Tyre
,
to
whom
the
Marquis
immediately
repaired
,
and
conducted
him
on
Board
his
Fleet
to
the
Camp
,
where
he
was
received
with
all
imaginable
Honour
;
He
took
his
Post
among
the
Germans
and
the
Danes
,
in
the
Quarter
which
the
Lantgrave
had
before
possessed
,
upon
the
Hill
of
the
Mosquee
,
extending
to
the
Bridge
of
the
River
Belus
:
So
soon
as
this
considerable
Re-inforcement
was
come
,
it
was
resolved
according
to
the
proposition
which
was
made
by
Duke
Frederick
,
to
make
a
general
Assault
:
Which
was
accordingly
done
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
with
all
the
Courage
imaginable
;
and
the
Souldiers
in
despight
of
the
brave
Resistance
of
the
Besieged
,
did
in
more
than
one
place
plant
the
Standards
of
the
Cross
upon
the
Walls
.
It
was
on
this
Occasion
,
that
it
is
reported
,
that
Leopold
Duke
of
Austria
,
made
his
heroick
Courage
most
Conspicuous
,
by
an
Action
,
whose
glorious
Marks
,
which
at
this
day
blazon
the
Armes
of
a
House
,
which
is
since
become
so
August
under
the
Name
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
do
eternally
publish
the
Memory
,
Fame
,
and
Glory
of
it
.
He
fought
from
the
Height
of
a
wooden
Castle
,
which
was
raised
at
the
Entry
of
the
Gate
against
the
Flye
Tower
,
and
which
was
built
upon
the
Deck
of
a
great
Ship
.
For
being
mounted
over
the
Walls
,
followed
by
a
few
of
his
Men
,
he
was
so
hardly
pressed
by
the
numerous
Infidels
,
that
all
his
Followers
being
slain
,
and
being
now
Single
,
he
was
constrained
to
throw
himself
into
the
Sea
,
half
drowned
already
in
his
own
,
and
the
Blood
of
his
Enemies
;
for
he
had
nothing
but
Red
about
him
,
except
the
white
Scarf
which
he
wore
;
whereupon
Frederick
to
eternize
the
Memory
of
such
a
noble
Action
,
gave
him
for
his
Armes
,
with
the
great
Applause
of
the
whole
Army
,
in
a
Shield
Gules
a
Fez
Argent
,
which
the
Princes
of
Austria
have
ever
since
that
time
born
.
The
Combat
was
not
much
more
Advantageous
by
Land
,
in
regard
that
Saladin
having
at
the
same
time
attacked
the
Lines
,
which
he
forced
in
many
places
,
they
were
obliged
to
quit
the
Assault
,
to
repulse
the
Enemies
,
who
were
at
last
constrained
to
retire
.
Saladin
in
this
Rencounter
,
lost
the
greatest
part
of
his
best
Men
,
and
did
not
without
great
Difficulty
disingage
himself
,
being
something
too
far
advanced
,
from
those
who
on
every
side
surrounded
him
,
and
who
pursued
him
a
great
way
beyond
the
Lines
.
This
was
the
last
military
Action
of
Duke
Frederick
,
who
,
this
being
the
second
Autumn
of
the
Siege
,
was
by
the
Distemper
which
raged
in
the
Camp
,
in
a
few
days
taken
off
,
to
the
incredible
Regret
of
the
whole
Army
,
who
even
adored
this
brave
Prince
,
whose
rare
Virtue
,
which
shined
at
his
Death
,
had
rendred
him
more
Illustrious
than
he
had
been
all
the
time
of
his
Life
,
although
a
thousand
Actions
had
made
it
most
Glorious
.
For
the
Eastern
Physicians
assuring
him
that
his
Distemper
might
easily
be
cured
by
the
use
of
Females
,
he
without
a
moments
Hesitation
answered
,
that
he
had
much
rather
lose
his
Life
,
than
preserve
it
by
such
a
Remedy
as
must
sully
both
his
Soul
and
Body
,
at
the
same
time
that
he
had
obliged
himself
by
the
Vow
of
his
Pilgrimage
,
to
do
what
was
pleasing
to
Jesus
Christ
,
who
is
the
King
,
the
Crown
,
and
Husband
of
chast
and
pure
Souls
,
being
all
Purity
and
Chastity
himself
;
and
thereupon
surrendered
his
victorious
Spirit
into
the
Hands
of
God
,
having
overcome
the
two
most
formidable
Enemies
of
Mankind
,
the
Pleasures
of
Life
,
and
the
Pains
,
as
well
as
Fears
of
Death
,
of
which
,
in
the
middle
of
a
flourishing
and
verdant
Youth
,
he
chose
to
receive
the
cold
Imbraces
,
rather
than
those
of
Life
,
which
he
could
not
save
but
by
the
loss
of
his
Chastity
and
Purity
.
A
rare
Example
,
which
having
been
followed
some
three
hundred
Years
after
,
and
in
a
like
Age
by
Prince
Casimir
Son
of
Casimir
King
of
Poland
,
and
Elizabeth
,
Daughter
of
the
Emperor
Albertus
,
Archduke
of
Austria
,
advanced
him
to
that
degree
of
Sanctity
,
as
to
deserve
those
supreme
Honours
,
which
the
Church
solemnly
renders
to
those
whom
she
believes
to
be
in
the
glorious
State
of
the
most
Happy
after
Death
.
But
this
Death
,
which
was
so
advantageous
to
Frederick
,
was
most
sad
and
pernicious
to
the
Army
;
for
the
Germans
now
become
desperate
by
having
lost
both
their
Emperor
and
their
Prince
,
would
no
longer
acknowledge
any
Captain
,
but
quitted
that
Enterprise
,
year
1190
which
in
Conclusion
had
been
so
Unfortunate
to
them
,
and
returned
,
as
well
as
they
could
,
into
their
own
Country
,
a
few
only
excepted
,
who
resolved
to
Accomplish
their
Vow
under
Leopold
Duke
of
Austria
.
Add
to
this
Accident
the
Sickness
which
daily
continued
in
the
Camp
,
and
the
Famine
which
at
some
times
they
suffered
,
and
by
which
the
Army
must
certainly
have
perished
,
if
the
Marquis
had
not
taken
Care
from
time
to
time
to
supply
them
abundantly
with
his
Fleet.
This
absolutely
gained
him
all
the
Commanders
and
the
Souldiers
,
who
took
his
Part
against
Guy
de
Lusignan
,
who
now
had
nothing
left
,
but
the
vain
Shadow
of
Royal
Majesty
,
without
the
least
Substance
of
Power
or
Authority
.
Thus
the
Army
being
extremely
diminished
,
did
nothing
now
but
act
upon
the
Defensive
,
in
their
Retrenchments
opposing
the
Assaults
of
Saladin
on
the
one
side
,
and
the
Sallies
of
the
Besieged
on
the
other
,
till
the
Arrival
of
the
two
Kings
,
whose
Voyage
and
Actions
it
is
now
time
for
me
,
after
having
given
myself
and
the
Reader
a
moments
Breath
,
to
recount
unto
him
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
CRUSADE
,
OR
,
The
Expeditions
of
the
Christian
Princes
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
.
PART
II.
BOOK
III.
The
CONTENTS
of
the
Third
Book
.
The
beginning
of
the
Reign
of
Richard
Caeur-de-Lion
,
King
of
England
,
and
his
Preparations
for
the
Holy
War
.
The
Preparations
of
Philip
the
August
.
The
Conferences
of
Nonancour
and
Vezelaï
between
the
two
Kings
.
The
Portraict
of
Philip
the
August
.
The
Character
of
Richard
King
of
England
.
The
Voyage
of
the
two
Kings
to
Messina
.
An
Adventure
of
the
English
Fleet.
A
Quarrel
between
the
English
and
the
Messineses
.
The
taking
of
that
City
.
The
Quarrel
between
the
two
Kings
,
and
their
new
Accommodation
.
The
Relation
of
the
Abbot
Joachim
,
and
his
Character
.
His
Conference
with
King
Richard
.
The
Departure
of
King
Philip
,
and
his
Arrival
before
Acre
.
The
Departure
of
Richard
.
The
Relation
of
the
Conquest
of
the
Kingdom
of
Cyprus
by
that
Prince
.
His
Arrival
before
Acre
.
A
new
Difference
between
the
two
Kings
,
and
the
true
Causes
of
it
.
Their
Accord
.
The
Reduction
of
the
City
of
Acre
.
The
extreme
Violence
of
King
Richard
.
The
Return
of
Philip
the
August
.
The
March
of
Richard
.
The
Battle
of
Antipatris
.
The
single
Combat
between
King
Richard
and
Sultan
Saladin
.
A
noble
Action
of
William
de
Pourcelets
,
who
saved
the
Life
of
that
King
.
Richard
presents
himself
before
Jerusalem
at
an
unseasonable
Time
,
and
therefore
retires
and
disperses
his
Army
into
Quarters
.
The
Marquis
Conrade
slain
by
two
Assassins
of
the
old
Mountain
.
The
Discription
of
that
Government
,
and
those
People
.
A
wicked
Action
of
the
Templers
,
which
hindred
their
Conversion
.
The
Cause
of
the
Marquis
his
Death
.
Richard
accused
of
that
Crime
.
His
Innocence
is
proved
.
Isabella
Marries
Count
Henry
,
and
is
declared
Queen
of
Jerusalem
.
Guy
de
Lusignan
made
King
of
Cyprus
.
Richard
pretends
a
second
time
to
besiege
Jerusalem
,
defeats
the
Enemies
,
takes
the
Caravan
of
Egypt
,
but
retires
by
a
cunning
Agreement
.
A
Calumny
against
Richard
,
which
he
clears
by
a
most
memorable
Action
.
The
Battle
of
Jassa
;
and
the
taking
of
that
Place
from
the
Sarasins
by
Richard
.
His
Treaty
with
Saladin
,
and
his
unfortunate
Return
.
He
is
taken
and
imprisoned
;
His
Deliverance
,
the
Justice
which
he
demanded
,
and
which
he
obtains
.
A
new
Division
among
the
Princes
of
the
East
,
appeased
by
the
Count
de
Champagne
.
The
Death
of
Saladin
,
and
his
Elogy
.
Division
happens
among
the
Infidels
,
which
gives
Occasion
to
a
fourth
Crusade
.
year
1190
T
The
Crusade
,
which
had
been
so
solemly
sworn
in
the
Holy
Field
,
and
which
the
War
that
was
kindled
between
the
two
Kings
,
had
so
long
time
retarded
,
had
at
length
its
Effect
,
by
the
perfect
Understanding
,
which
for
some
time
there
was
between
Philip
the
August
,
and
Richard
sirnamed
Caeur-de-Lion
,
at
the
beginning
of
the
Reign
of
this
new
King
.
For
so
soon
as
he
had
received
the
Sword
as
Duke
of
Normandy
,
at
our
Ladies
Church
in
Roan
,
and
the
Crown
of
England
at
Westminster
,
with
the
general
Applause
of
all
his
Subjects
,
who
saw
that
he
took
quite
differing
Courses
from
his
Father
,
who
was
not
at
all
beloved
;
he
had
no
other
Thoughts
,
but
of
making
Preparations
for
the
Holy
War
.
Above
all
things
,
he
applied
himself
to
the
procuring
a
good
Treasury
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
but
not
by
charging
the
People
with
the
rigorous
Exaction
of
Saladins
Tenth
,
as
did
his
Father
,
who
when
he
had
received
it
,
made
use
of
it
in
the
War
between
the
two
Crowns
.
For
this
purpose
he
took
the
way
of
selling
all
the
Dignities
which
he
could
,
all
Offices
,
and
the
Lands
of
his
Demesnes
,
at
a
very
low
rate
,
thereby
to
intice
the
Avarice
or
the
Ambition
of
unwary
Purchasers
,
who
easily
suffered
themselves
to
be
imposed
upon
with
those
cheap
Bargains
,
not
foreseeing
that
he
had
Design
of
Reassumption
after
his
Return
,
as
he
did
,
without
any
other
Reimbursment
than
by
allowing
upon
the
Foot
of
the
Account
,
what
they
made
over
and
above
their
Charges
of
the
Demesnes
,
during
the
time
that
they
injoyed
them
.
But
he
dissembled
the
matter
so
well
,
and
on
one
side
seemed
so
truly
to
have
a
design
to
sell
all
that
he
could
,
and
on
the
other
,
shewed
so
many
Marks
of
a
ruined
Constitution
,
which
both
his
constant
Fatigues
of
War
,
and
his
Debauches
gained
an
easy
Credit
to
,
that
the
Purchasers
,
without
any
Difficulty
,
suffered
themselves
to
be
perswaded
that
he
would
never
return
,
and
that
he
had
no
other
Prospect
than
of
the
present
,
as
not
having
any
hopes
of
living
long
.
And
for
these
Reasons
it
was
,
that
very
many
straitned
themselves
to
lay
hold
of
this
occasion
of
Profit
,
whereby
he
drew
from
them
vast
Summs
,
turning
every
thing
into
Money
,
even
to
protesting
to
those
who
were
astonished
at
his
Proceedings
,
that
if
he
could
find
a
Chapman
,
who
was
able
to
buy
of
him
the
City
of
London
,
he
should
make
no
Difficulty
to
sell
it
to
him
.
But
he
drew
the
greatest
Advantages
from
diverse
Prelates
of
his
Realm
that
were
extraordinary
Rich
,
from
whom
he
drew
all
the
Money
that
they
had
,
by
selling
to
them
temporal
Dignities
,
which
they
were
mighty
glad
to
add
to
their
Bishopricks
or
their
Abbies
.
It
was
by
this
Stratagem
,
that
he
drew
into
the
Net
the
Bishop
of
Durham
,
year
1190
an
old
Man
equally
Covetous
and
Ambitious
,
by
persuading
him
to
purchase
the
Earldom
of
that
Province
,
which
he
would
unite
to
his
Bishoprick
.
For
that
Prelate
,
who
was
ready
to
die
with
the
Desire
which
he
had
to
be
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
gave
him
for
that
Title
,
all
the
Riches
which
he
had
for
a
long
time
been
hoarding
up
,
out
of
the
Revenue
of
his
Bishoprick
,
as
well
as
those
other
less
honest
Markets
which
he
had
made
.
And
to
this
,
he
threw
in
also
all
the
Money
which
he
had
reserved
,
purposely
to
defray
his
Expences
in
the
Voyage
which
he
had
undertaken
to
make
to
Jerusalem
;
thereby
renouncing
his
Vow
,
his
Conscience
,
and
his
Honour
,
that
so
he
might
become
great
in
this
World
,
out
of
which
,
his
old
Age
was
even
now
ready
to
chase
him
,
which
made
the
King
very
pleasantly
to
say
,
when
he
had
gotten
all
his
Money
,
That
he
was
about
to
work
a
kind
of
Miracle
,
and
to
make
a
young
Earl
out
of
an
old
Bishop
.
He
also
seized
upon
all
the
Estate
of
Geoffry
Ridel
Bishop
of
Ely
,
for
appearing
before
him
with
the
Train
of
a
King
,
at
the
City
of
Winchester
;
but
all
this
magnifick
Pomp
could
not
prevent
the
Triumph
of
Death
,
which
seized
imediately
upon
him
,
by
this
Surprise
,
and
divested
him
of
this
stately
Vanity
,
so
unbecoming
the
Sacred
Character
of
a
Bishop
.
For
this
Prince
believed
,
that
these
great
Riches
might
to
much
better
Advantage
be
imployed
in
defraying
the
Expences
of
his
Coronation
,
than
so
foolishly
lavished
in
the
Pageantry
of
worldly
Pomp
;
and
that
he
might
thereby
spare
his
own
,
which
he
indeavoured
to
keep
as
a
Reserve
to
support
the
Charges
of
his
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
.
He
also
surrendred
to
William
King
of
Scots
,
for
ten
thousand
Marks
Sterling
,
the
Castles
of
Rocksborough
and
Berwick
,
which
he
had
been
constrained
to
yield
to
King
Henry
the
Second
,
for
his
Ransom
,
he
being
taken
Prisoner
in
the
War
between
them
.
He
also
acquitted
him
of
the
Homage
which
he
was
obliged
by
force
,
to
pay
as
one
part
of
the
Price
of
his
Liberty
.
And
in
short
,
as
on
one
hand
he
was
resolved
not
to
be
incumbred
with
the
multitude
of
the
Crusades
,
the
Multitudes
of
which
had
done
more
Hurt
than
Service
in
the
other
Expeditions
;
and
on
the
other
,
that
he
knew
very
well
,
that
diverse
of
the
richest
of
his
Subjects
,
who
had
ingaged
themselves
two
Years
before
to
undertake
that
Voyage
,
were
willing
enough
to
be
dispensed
with
;
he
therefore
obtained
Permission
from
the
Pope
,
to
discharge
all
such
from
their
Vow
,
upon
Condition
that
they
should
proportionably
to
their
Estate
,
contribute
a
summ
of
Money
towards
the
Charges
of
the
Holy
War
.
All
this
joyned
to
the
Treasure
of
his
Father
,
which
he
had
at
first
seized
upon
,
and
which
amounted
to
more
than
nine
hundred
thousand
Livers
in
Gold
and
Silver
,
gave
him
the
Ability
to
live
after
the
best
manner
,
and
in
a
far
more
Royal
Way
than
any
of
his
Predecessors
had
ever
done
.
So
that
he
caused
to
be
equipped
in
all
the
Ports
of
England
,
Normandy
,
Bretany
,
Poitou
,
and
Guienne
,
a
great
number
of
Ships
,
to
compose
one
of
the
fairest
Fleets
,
which
had
ever
before
been
put
to
Sea
.
For
when
he
weighed
from
the
Road
of
Messina
,
where
he
had
passed
the
Winter
,
he
had
one
hundred
and
fifty
great
Ships
,
fifty
three
Gallies
,
besides
Barks
,
Tartanes
,
and
other
small
Craft
,
which
attended
the
Navy
with
Provisions
,
and
Munitions
of
War
.
He
gave
the
Command
of
the
Fleet
to
Gerrard
Archbishop
of
Ousch
,
and
Bernard
Bishop
of
Bayonne
,
to
whom
he
joyned
in
Commission
,
Robert
de
Sablé
,
Richard
de
Chamville
,
and
William
Fortz
,
Earl
of
Albermarle
,
three
excellent
Men
in
Sea
Affairs
,
who
had
order
,
without
sparing
any
,
to
put
in
Execution
those
admirable
Orders
,
which
were
proclaimed
for
preventing
of
Disorders
,
and
Punishment
of
Offences
in
the
Fleet.
He
could
not
for
all
that
,
stop
those
which
were
at
the
same
time
committed
almost
all
over
England
,
upon
the
Jews
,
of
which
himself
was
the
Occasion
,
tho
he
did
not
command
it
.
For
as
the
Jews
,
whom
his
Father
had
always
favoured
,
were
upon
his
Coronation
Day
,
contrary
to
his
express
Command
,
entred
into
the
Palace
,
from
whence
they
were
thrust
out
,
and
some
of
them
treated
very
severely
,
the
People
,
who
imagined
that
it
was
the
King's
Inclination
that
they
should
exterminate
that
perfidious
Nation
,
who
for
their
Extortion
,
Avarice
,
and
other
enormous
Crimes
,
were
extremely
hated
,
fell
upon
them
with
such
Fury
,
that
it
was
impossible
to
appease
them
:
And
this
Example
spreading
it self
,
occasioned
a
most
horrible
Massacre
among
those
miserable
People
,
in
many
Cities
,
where
the
young
People
,
who
had
undertaken
the
Cross
,
year
1190
and
wanted
wherewith
to
furnish
themselves
for
so
chargeable
a
Voyage
,
were
ravished
with
such
opportunity
of
Plundring
their
Houses
,
and
thereby
being
inabled
to
put
themselves
into
an
Equipage
at
the
Expence
of
these
declared
Enemies
of
Jesus
Christ
.
In
this
time
,
Philip
the
August
prepared
for
this
Enterprise
,
in
a
manner
more
regular
,
and
did
not
to
procure
Money
,
take
those
Methods
of
selling
Offices
and
temporal
Dignities
,
to
the
Prelates
of
his
Realm
,
who
were
more
regular
and
modest
than
those
of
England
:
Neither
did
he
raise
any
Taxes
or
Contributions
for
the
Expences
of
this
Voyage
;
in
regard
that
all
the
French
Lords
,
who
had
taken
the
Cross
,
were
resolved
to
accomplish
their
Vow
;
and
he
believed
that
he
should
have
enough
out
of
his
good
Husbandry
,
of
that
Tenth
which
was
given
for
this
War
,
and
which
still
remained
in
Bank
ever
since
the
last
Year
.
For
this
Reason
therefore
he
caused
an
Edict
to
be
published
,
and
all
concerned
to
be
sworn
in
the
Parliament
which
he
held
at
Paris
,
that
they
should
render
themselves
at
Vezelay
in
the
Week
of
Easter
,
from
thence
together
to
take
the
Voyage
.
And
this
being
done
,
he
sent
Rotrou
Earl
of
Perche
into
England
,
to
advertise
King
Richard
of
his
Proceedings
,
who
on
his
side
,
made
those
who
had
taken
the
Vow
,
swear
the
same
thing
upon
the
Holy
Evangelists
,
in
the
Parliament
at
London
.
After
which
,
the
King
having
recommended
the
Care
of
the
Realm
to
Queen
Eleonor
his
Mother
,
having
delivered
her
from
the
Confinement
in
which
the
late
King
had
for
five
or
six
Years
last
kept
her
,
and
to
William
Longfield
Bishop
of
Ely
,
his
Chancellor
,
he
imbarked
the
fourteenth
day
of
December
at
Dover
,
and
landed
the
same
day
at
Graveling
,
from
whence
he
went
about
the
end
of
the
Month
to
Confer
with
King
Philip
at
Nonancour
;
There
it
was
,
that
after
they
had
mutually
given
the
one
to
the
other
,
all
the
assurance
of
an
inviolable
Amity
,
they
caused
Letters
,
Patents
in
the
Name
of
both
the
Kings
,
to
be
dispatched
,
whereby
they
fixed
the
time
of
their
Departure
,
with
all
their
Subjects
of
the
Crusade
,
and
promised
to
each
other
a
most
sincere
and
indissoluble
Friendship
,
according
to
the
Faith
which
they
had
severally
plighted
to
one
another
;
Philip
King
of
France
to
Richard
King
of
England
,
as
his
Friend
and
faithful
Liegeman
;
and
Richard
King
of
England
to
Philip
King
of
France
,
as
his
Lord
and
Friend
.
These
are
the
very
Words
of
these
Letters
dated
the
thirtieth
day
of
December
at
Nonancour
,
as
they
are
reported
by
Radulph
Dean
of
London
,
who
writ
in
that
time
such
Matters
as
he
himself
was
an
Eye
Witness
of
,
and
in
the
Transaction
whereof
he
had
a
considerable
Share
.
But
in
regard
the
Time
which
they
had
limited
appeared
too
short
,
for
the
Preparations
which
were
of
necessity
to
be
made
,
the
two
Kings
had
a
second
Interview
at
Vezelay
,
where
they
lengthened
the
time
of
their
Rendezvouz
till
the
Week
after
Midsummer
.
In
which
time
they
finished
their
Treaty
,
which
among
others
had
these
Articles
;
That
if
either
of
them
died
in
the
time
of
the
Holy
War
,
the
other
should
make
use
of
the
Money
and
the
Army
of
the
deceased
King
,
to
carry
on
and
finish
the
War
.
That
the
Lords
of
the
two
Kingdoms
,
should
maintain
a
fraternal
Correspondence
,
and
that
the
Bishops
should
excommunicate
all
those
who
should
enterprize
any
thing
to
the
Disadvantage
of
the
Crusades
during
their
Abscence
.
But
it
happening
that
about
this
same
time
Queen
Isabella
lost
her
Life
,
in
giving
it
to
two
Twins
,
who
did
not
survive
her
above
three
Days
,
an
inauspicuous
Augury
was
from
thence
drawn
concerning
this
Voyage
;
either
by
the
superstitious
Humour
of
the
People
,
who
love
to
make
their
foolish
Remarks
upon
such
Events
,
and
to
turn
every
surprizing
Accident
into
a
Mystery
of
future
Consequences
;
or
possibly
it
might
be
a
kind
of
Presage
,
which
God
is
sometimes
pleased
to
give
,
as
hath
been
frequenty
observed
,
and
was
more
remarkable
in
another
Accident
which
happened
at
this
very
time
;
For
as
the
King
of
England
at
the
Church
of
Saint
Martin
in
Tours
,
took
the
Marks
of
his
Pilgrimage
to
the
Holy
Land
,
the
Consecrated
Pilgrims
Staff
,
by
his
leaning
too
hard
upon
it
,
broak
in
the
Middle
.
This
Presage
gave
a
certain
Horrour
and
Fear
to
all
the
Assistants
at
the
Ceremony
,
but
not
the
least
to
this
immoveable
Prince
,
who
was
not
of
an
Humour
to
Philosophize
upon
such
sort
of
Adventures
,
which
gave
not
the
least
Trouble
or
Inquietude
to
his
unshaken
Soul
.
year
1190
The
Devotion
of
Philip
the
August
was
more
calm
and
edifying
:
He
received
,
upon
St.
John
Baptist's
Day
,
in
the
Church
of
St.
Dennis
in
France
,
the
consecrated
Pilgrim's
Staff
,
from
the
Hands
of
William
Archbishop
of
Reims
,
his
Uncle
by
the
Mother's
side
;
and
himself
took
from
the
Altar
,
the
Royal
Standard
,
or
the
Oriflame
,
with
all
the
most
sensible
Marks
of
a
most
tender
and
admirable
Devotion
;
imploring
the
Aid
of
Heaven
by
his
Prayers
and
Tears
,
in
such
an
uncommon
and
charming
Decency
of
Piety
,
as
produced
the
like
Sentiments
in
the
Souls
of
all
those
who
assisted
at
that
solemn
Action
.
After
which
,
having
left
the
Government
of
the
Realm
,
in
his
Absence
,
to
the
Queen
Adela
,
his
Mother
,
he
came
to
Vezelay
,
where
he
was
met
by
King
Richard
;
who
,
to
avert
the
Effects
of
the
unlucky
Presage
which
happened
to
him
at
Tours
,
would
there
anew
receive
the
Pilgrim's
Staff
before
the
Altar
of
St.
Magdalene
,
whose
Body
,
they
say
,
reposed
in
that
Abby
.
From
hence
the
two
Kings
marched
together
to
Lyon
,
where
,
for
the
Conveniency
of
the
Troops
which
followed
them
,
they
divided
themselves
,
and
took
different
Ways
;
the
King
of
France
taking
that
of
Genoa
,
and
the
King
of
England
,
that
of
Marseilles
;
which
two
Cities
they
had
made
choice
of
for
the
Rendezvouz
of
their
respective
Armies
.
At
their
parting
,
they
renewed
the
Protestations
of
an
inviolable
Amity
,
which
they
had
so
frequently
made
,
and
which
,
notwithstanding
,
were
presently
broken
at
their
next
Meeting
.
And
truly
,
it
was
not
reasonably
to
be
hoped
,
that
it
should
be
of
any
lasting
Continuance
between
two
Princes
,
whose
Interests
,
Temperaments
,
Humours
,
Sentiments
,
Inclinations
and
Manners
accorded
so
very
little
,
as
may
easily
be
observed
from
the
Portraicts
and
Characters
,
which
I
am
going
to
draw
from
the
Life
,
and
the
Truth
,
and
to
make
a
Present
of
them
to
the
Reader
.
Philip
was
then
in
the
very
Flower
of
his
Age
,
being
about
twenty
four
Years
of
Age
,
of
a
most
admirable
Shape
,
and
a
Stature
something
exceeding
the
Middle
,
of
a
Majestick
Port
,
and
an
Air
fierce
and
Martial
,
which
nevertheless
,
had
nothing
in
it
discouraging
the
Beholders
,
in
regard
it
was
accompanied
with
that
rare
Beauty
which
Nature
had
so
advantageously
bestowed
upon
him
;
for
the
whole
Turn
and
Composure
of
his
Face
was
admirable
,
and
all
the
Stroaks
of
it
regular
and
delicate
;
his
Forehead
was
fair
and
high
,
his
Nose
a
little
gracefully
rising
,
his
Hair
fair
,
his
Cheeks
wore
a
beautiful
Vermilion
,
his
Eyes
were
quick
,
and
sparkled
with
a
certain
gentle
Fire
,
which
,
with
a
kind
of
Fixedness
in
his
Looks
,
joyned
with
the
Colour
of
his
Complexion
,
manifestly
shewed
his
Temper
to
be
naturally
Sanguin
,
and
inclining
to
Choler
;
and
two
little
Moles
which
he
had
growing
at
the
Corner
of
his
left
Eye
,
not
at
all
to
the
disadvantage
of
its
Beauty
,
rather
augmented
the
Whiteness
of
his
Skin
,
by
the
Opposition
of
their
Blackness
.
But
that
which
was
the
Life
of
this
Royal
Beauty
,
and
which
added
the
greatest
Graces
to
all
those
Wonders
which
shined
about
him
with
such
a
charming
Glory
,
was
the
admirable
Qualities
of
an
incomparable
Mind
,
which
made
all
the
Vertues
necessary
for
a
great
King
shine
most
conspicuously
in
his
Conduct
,
and
all
his
Actions
:
For
he
was
extreamly
Religious
,
and
even
jealous
for
the
Glory
of
God
,
for
which
he
had
Sentiments
most
infinitely
tender
,
and
full
of
a
respectful
Veneration
:
He
was
an
implacable
Enemy
to
Blasphemers
,
whom
he
caused
to
be
thrown
into
the
Seine
;
and
of
Hereticks
,
whom
he
exterminated
with
Fire
and
Faggot
:
He
was
a
most
passionate
Adorer
of
Equity
,
Faith
and
Justice
,
which
he
caused
to
be
rendred
to
all
his
Subjects
with
the
greatest
Exactness
,
and
without
Discrimination
,
Distinction
of
Persons
,
or
Partiality
;
merciful
and
compassionate
to
the
Poor
,
as
if
he
had
been
their
Father
;
Liberal
,
but
according
to
the
Rules
of
Judgment
and
Discretion
;
Magnificent
above
the
Genius
,
and
the
Custom
of
the
Kings
of
his
Age
,
but
most
particularly
in
the
Expences
of
his
House
,
and
the
Entertainment
of
Military
Men
,
in
publick
Buildings
,
and
Royal
Foundations
,
as
well
appeared
by
the
ruinous
Walls
of
Paris
,
which
he
caused
to
be
re-built
at
the
same
time
that
he
was
engaged
in
the
Holy
War
.
Upon
the
whole
,
he
was
equally
wise
,
prudent
and
moderate
in
his
Counsels
,
and
quick
,
ardent
and
bold
in
the
Execution
of
them
;
brave
and
valiant
,
even
to
a
Fault
;
a
great
Lover
of
Learning
,
which
he
caused
to
re-flourish
,
especially
in
the
University
of
Paris
;
affable
,
vigilant
,
provident
;
happy
in
War
,
and
always
invincible
and
victorious
,
year
1190
as
he
evidently
made
appear
in
his
Wars
with
the
English
and
the
Flemmings
;
and
which
,
in
the
Process
of
his
Reign
,
more
remarkably
appeared
,
by
the
glorious
Conquests
which
he
made
of
a
great
part
of
Poitou
,
Guienne
,
and
all
Normandy
,
of
Avignion
,
Artois
,
Cambresis
,
Bullen
,
and
so
many
other
Earldoms
as
he
added
and
re-united
to
his
Crown
;
beginning
,
the
first
of
our
Kings
of
the
third
Race
,
the
great
Work
which
Lewis
the
Great
hath
in
our
time
so
happily
compleated
,
by
giving
to
France
the
ancient
Limits
,
from
the
Ocean
,
to
the
Rhine
.
In
short
,
if
Philip
,
who
always
triumphed
over
his
Enemies
,
had
had
the
power
to
vanquish
himself
,
and
that
Impatience
and
Choler
which
his
hot
Temper
raised
in
him
,
and
which
sometimes
overcame
his
Reason
,
and
for
some
Moments
took
from
him
the
liberty
of
acting
according
to
his
better
Inclinations
,
one
might
say
,
that
his
Character
is
that
of
a
Prince
accomplished
with
all
manner
of
Perfections
which
could
be
wished
in
a
great
and
admirable
King
.
And
it
is
much
to
his
advantage
that
he
stands
so
near
King
Richard
,
who
could
not
come
in
comparison
with
him
,
neither
for
his
Body
,
nor
his
Soul
;
although
it
must
not
be
denied
,
but
that
Prince
also
possessed
many
great
and
excellent
Qualities
;
but
they
were
mixed
with
so
many
Faults
and
Vices
,
which
exceeded
his
Perfections
,
that
they
were
obscured
and
sullied
by
them
.
He
was
about
the
three
and
thirtieth
Year
of
his
Age
,
of
Stature
very
tall
,
but
of
a
Shape
very
disproportionate
,
being
become
excessive
gross
,
either
by
his
Intemperance
,
or
by
a
Swelling
which
remained
after
a
long
Quartane
Ague
,
which
had
left
his
Vifage
of
a
pale
,
Leaden
Colour
:
His
Arms
were
also
somewhat
with
the
longest
,
though
very
strong
and
Nervous
;
and
his
Thighs
too
short
in
Proportion
:
His
Eyes
were
full
of
a
Fire
,
but
a
Fire
that
was
too
fierce
and
ardent
:
His
Hair
extraordinary
light
,
and
inclining
towards
Red
,
which
denoted
his
Complexion
to
be
excessively
hot
and
cholerick
,
and
naturally
strong
,
if
the
Violence
of
his
Exercises
,
his
Passions
,
and
his
Debauches
,
had
not
so
ruined
it
,
as
to
make
it
appear
almost
quite
overthrown
,
and
wholly
languishing
.
It
is
said
also
,
that
he
had
abundance
of
Cauteries
,
or
Issues
,
upon
his
Body
,
in
order
to
the
continual
discharging
of
those
corrupted
Humours
with
which
he
abounded
;
so
much
had
that
tedious
Ague
,
and
the
Disorders
of
his
Life
,
altered
the
Establishment
and
Foundation
of
his
Health
,
and
all
the
beauteous
Lineaments
of
his
Face
,
which
Nature
had
bestowed
on
him
.
He
was
however
,
in
the
main
,
a
Prince
magnanimous
,
bold
,
enterprizing
,
brave
,
fearless
,
and
of
an
invincible
Courage
,
by
which
he
acquired
the
Sir-name
of
Caeur-de-Lion
,
or
Lyon's
Heart
;
a
Name
which
the
English
and
Normans
bestowed
on
him
,
and
which
the
Memory
of
those
noble
Actions
which
he
so
happily
and
couragiously
executed
,
have
preserved
to
him
to
this
day
.
It
was
nevertheless
easily
discoverable
,
that
he
had
something
of
the
Fierceness
and
Brutallity
of
that
Animal
,
mixed
with
the
noble
Courage
of
the
Lyon
;
for
it
is
certain
,
that
he
was
most
violent
,
rash
and
turbulent
,
subject
to
the
Transports
of
Fury
;
hard
and
severe
,
even
to
Cruelty
,
which
rendred
him
odious
:
Besides
,
he
was
inconstant
,
making
little
Account
of
his
Word
and
Faith
;
without
a
true
Sense
of
Friendship
,
Tenderness
,
or
good
Nature
,
even
to
the
Violation
of
the
most
sacred
Laws
and
Rights
of
Nature
,
as
appears
by
his
frequent
taking
up
Arms
against
his
own
Father
:
Above
all
,
He
was
as
eager
to
draw
Money
from
every
thing
,
as
he
was
prodigal
in
wasting
it
when
he
had
it
:
He
was
presumptuous
,
proud
and
arrogant
;
voluptuous
and
debauched
,
even
in
publick
,
and
so
far
from
being
concerned
to
conceal
them
,
that
he
would
turn
his
Crimes
into
Raillery
;
witness
the
Answer
which
he
gave
one
day
to
that
holy
Man
,
Fouques
de
Neuilly
,
who
preaching
before
him
in
Normandy
,
told
him
seriously
,
that
it
was
time
for
him
to
set
his
Affairs
in
order
,
and
to
quit
himself
of
three
dangerous
Daughters
which
he
had
,
which
would
certainly
prove
his
Ruin
if
he
kept
them
any
longer
with
him
.
Richard
,
who
took
him
according
to
the
literal
meaning
,
thinking
that
it
was
very
easie
to
convince
him
of
Imposture
;
That
is
false
,
said
he
to
him
,
thou
Hypocrite
,
I
have
no
Daughters
at
all
.
Pardon
me
,
Sir
,
replied
the
good
Man
,
you
have
three
very
lewd
ones
;
your
Arrogance
,
your
Avarice
,
and
your
Luxury
,
which
will
infallibly
,
in
a
little
time
,
ruin
you
,
if
you
keep
them
them
with
you
.
Very
well
,
replied
the
King
,
year
1190
laughing
,
instead
of
seriously
thinking
of
Repentance
and
Amendment
;
Since
there
is
a
necessity
then
of
parting
with
them
,
therefore
I
do
immediately
bequeath
my
Arrogance
to
the
Templers
,
my
Avarice
to
the
Monks
,
and
my
Luxury
to
the
Prelates
of
my
Realm
.
But
as
on
the
one
side
,
notwithstanding
all
his
Debauches
,
he
had
a
Principle
of
Religion
which
was
firmly
rooted
in
his
Soul
;
and
on
the
other
side
,
according
to
his
impetuous
Nature
,
he
was
usually
in
the
Extreams
,
either
of
Good
or
Bad
;
he
had
sometimes
such
great
Transports
of
Devotion
,
and
was
so
sensible
of
the
Enormity
of
his
Crimes
,
that
to
witness
his
Repentance
,
and
to
satisfie
God
Almighty
for
his
Follies
,
he
would
do
such
things
as
certainly
,
the
most
severe
Directors
of
Conscience
would
never
have
thought
fit
to
be
exacted
from
so
great
a
King
.
And
that
which
was
infinitely
advantageous
to
this
Prince
was
,
that
this
Principle
of
Religion
,
summoning
up
all
its
Power
in
his
Soul
at
the
Hour
of
his
Death
,
made
him
express
the
most
rigorous
Repentance
that
is
possible
to
be
found
in
the
Histories
of
the
greatest
Saints
.
Thus
,
so
long
as
a
Man
,
more
especially
a
Prince
,
preserves
the
Principles
of
true
Faith
,
by
submitting
his
Sentiments
to
those
of
Religion
and
the
Catholick
Church
,
one
may
still
retain
a
Hope
,
notwithstanding
the
Infirmities
to
which
he
is
subject
,
that
this
Root
of
Life
will
,
in
time
,
produce
the
Fruits
of
a
true
Conversion
,
and
like
a
Plant
which
keeps
its
Root
,
how
dead
soever
it
may
appear
in
the
Winter
,
and
dispoiled
of
its
Leaves
and
Flowers
,
yet
at
the
Return
of
the
Spring
,
it
will
recover
its
native
Beauty
,
and
pleasant
Verdure
.
Sea
now
what
kind
of
Men
these
two
Kings
were
,
and
from
so
vast
a
difference
of
their
Tempers
and
Inclinations
,
it
will
be
easie
to
fore-see
,
that
they
could
not
remain
long
in
a
good
Understanding
,
one
with
the
other
,
as
appeared
but
too
visibly
in
the
Consequences
of
their
future
Voyage
.
Philip
,
whose
Fleet
waited
for
him
at
Genoa
,
parted
the
first
,
with
a
brave
and
flourishing
Army
,
composed
of
the
greatest
part
of
his
Nobility
,
and
the
choice
Soldiers
of
France
,
though
it
is
hard
to
determine
precisely
in
what
number
they
consisted
,
in
regard
the
Writers
of
those
times
have
not
left
us
any
certain
Information
:
But
this
is
most
certain
,
that
he
was
accompanied
with
the
greatest
Men
of
the
Realm
,
the
Principal
of
which
were
,
Eudes
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
Peter
Count
de
Nevers
,
Renaud
Count
de
Chartres
,
Geoffrey
Count
de
Perche
,
Aubrey
de
Rullen
,
Mareshal
of
France
;
Matthew
de
Montmorency
,
who
was
afterwards
Constable
of
France
;
the
Counts
de
Beaumont
,
Rochefort
,
Valery
,
Dreux
de
Mello
,
Lord
de
Loches
and
Chattillon
;
and
William
de
Mello
,
his
Brother
.
The
Fleet
was
met
at
Sea
with
a
furious
Tempest
,
which
gave
the
King
occasion
to
shew
the
Greatness
of
his
Soul
,
in
the
magnificent
Gifts
which
he
bestowed
on
chose
who
lost
their
Equipage
,
being
forced
to
throw
it
over-board
,
for
the
Safety
of
their
Lives
.
At
last
he
came
to
an
Anchor
,
upon
the
6th
of
September
,
in
the
Road
of
Messina
,
where
the
two
Kings
had
before
agreed
,
the
place
of
their
Joyning
should
be
.
In
this
time
King
Richard
,
after
having
waited
eight
days
,
to
no
purpose
,
the
Arrival
of
his
Fleet
at
Marseilles
,
being
pushed
on
by
his
natural
Impatience
,
he
imbarked
himself
,
the
17th
of
August
,
upon
thirty
Merchants
Ships
,
which
he
caused
to
be
fitted
up
;
and
after
having
Coasted
all
along
,
by
Genoa
,
Tuscany
and
Champaign
in
Italy
,
he
arrived
happily
at
Naples
;
from
whence
he
passed
to
Salernum
,
there
to
expect
News
of
his
Fleet
,
whose
long
and
unaccountable
Delay
gave
him
an
extraordinary
Inquietude
and
Displeasure
.
The
Fleet
had
put
to
Sea
in
Easter-Week
,
and
after
it
had
been
soundly
beaten
with
a
Tempest
,
which
,
they
say
,
was
miraculously
calmed
by
Thomas
of
Canterbury
,
who
had
raised
many
worse
in
his
Life
,
according
to
the
credulous
Humour
of
those
Ages
;
it
being
affirmed
by
some
,
that
he
appeared
upon
the
Deck
of
the
great
Ship
called
the
London
,
that
Vessel
came
up
with
Cape
St.
Vincent
,
over
against
the
City
of
Silves
,
nine
other
Ships
entring
the
River
of
Lesbon
,
where
they
came
to
an
Anchor
.
The
Miramolin
,
or
King
of
the
Sarasins
of
the
Western
Africa
,
at
that
time
made
War
,
with
a
potent
Army
,
against
Sancho
,
King
of
Portugal
,
whom
he
had
surprized
,
and
who
,
with
an
inconsiderable
number
of
Troops
,
had
put
himself
into
Santaren
.
This
Prince
believing
that
Heaven
had
sent
him
the
Succour
of
these
Strangers
,
year
1190
as
it
had
before
done
to
the
late
King
Alphonso
,
his
Father
,
requested
them
to
help
him
in
this
his
pressing
Necessity
.
Whereupon
five
hundred
of
the
bravest
of
them
immediately
went
into
his
Service
,
whilst
that
fourscore
of
the
most
valiant
young
Gentlemen
,
who
were
aboard
the
London
,
put
themselves
into
Sylves
,
for
the
Defence
of
that
City
:
But
Fortune
,
without
giving
them
the
liberty
of
drawing
their
Swords
,
put
an
end
to
this
War
,
by
the
suddain
Death
of
Mirmalion
;
after
which
,
his
Army
immediately
disbanded
it self
.
The
English
then
returning
to
their
Vessels
,
sound
there
sixty
three
more
of
their
Ships
,
who
had
put
in
there
to
refresh
themselves
,
and
all
that
great
City
in
Arms
against
their
People
,
who
had
committed
great
Insolencies
and
Disorders
against
the
Inhabitants
;
insomuch
that
Blood
had
been
drawn
on
both
sides
,
divers
Houses
plundred
and
burnt
,
and
some
of
the
English
committed
to
Prison
.
But
all
these
Matters
being
calmed
by
the
Prudence
of
King
Sancho
,
who
knew
very
well
how
to
pacifie
both
Parties
,
the
English
took
their
leave
,
the
25th
Day
of
July
,
and
the
same
Day
,
joyning
three
and
thirty
great
Ships
,
with
which
Admiral
William
Fortz
attended
them
at
the
Mouth
of
the
Tagus
,
they
prosperously
pursued
their
Voyage
,
till
they
came
to
an
Anchor
before
Salernum
.
There
it
was
that
King
Richard
met
his
Fleet
,
and
the
30th
of
September
arrived
at
the
Port
of
Messina
,
where
he
was
received
by
the
French
and
Sicilians
with
all
possible
Honour
,
and
with
all
the
Marks
of
a
sincere
and
perfect
Friendship
.
But
this
was
not
of
any
long
Continuance
;
and
the
good
Understanding
which
at
first
appeared
among
these
three
Nations
,
was
presently
interrupted
and
broken
by
two
great
Quarrels
which
Richard
had
,
and
which
were
the
Cause
that
the
two
Kings
,
instead
of
presently
pursuing
their
intended
Voyage
,
were
obliged
to
defer
it
till
the
following
Year
,
and
to
pass
all
the
Winter
at
Messina
.
The
manner
was
thus
.
William
,
king
of
Sicily
,
being
dead
without
Issue
,
the
Sicilians
,
who
were
resolved
to
have
a
King
of
the
Race
of
their
Norman
Princes
,
placed
his
Cousin
Tancred
,
the
Natural
Son
of
Roger
,
Duke
of
Pavia
,
upon
the
Throne
,
notwithstanding
that
,
before
his
Death
,
William
had
caused
Queen
Constance
,
his
Aunt
,
the
Wife
of
the
Emperor
Henry
VI.
to
be
acknowledged
their
Queen
,
and
had
declared
her
to
be
the
Inheretrix
of
the
Crown
.
Now
Richard
,
without
pretending
to
have
any
part
in
this
great
Difference
between
the
Emperor
and
Tancred
,
only
desired
of
this
new
King
,
that
he
would
send
to
him
Jane
,
his
Sister
,
the
Daughter
of
Henry
II.
King
of
England
,
the
Widow
of
the
deceased
King
William
,
that
he
would
restore
to
him
her
Dowry
,
with
several
other
things
,
to
which
he
pretended
;
and
above
all
,
an
hundred
Ships
,
which
the
late
King
had
promised
to
his
Father-in
Law
,
King
Henry
,
for
his
Voyage
to
the
Levant
.
Tancred
immediately
sent
the
Queen
to
him
,
but
deferring
to
give
him
Satisfaction
in
his
other
Pretensions
,
Richard
,
who
was
resolved
that
he
should
do
him
Reason
,
seized
upon
two
strong
Places
which
lay
upon
the
Straits
.
This
gave
such
a
Jealousie
to
the
Messineses
,
who
naturally
are
not
too
much
given
to
forbearing
,
that
they
took
Arms
against
the
English
,
and
beat
them
out
of
the
City
;
and
the
English
,
no
less
naturally
impatient
of
Beating
,
but
more
hot
and
brave
than
the
Sicilians
,
ran
immediately
to
their
Arms
,
and
issuing
in
Battalia
,
out
of
their
Camp
,
repulsed
these
forward
Burghers
into
the
City
,
and
put
themselves
into
a
Posture
to
attack
it
by
Force
.
There
was
however
,
a
few
Moments
Truce
agreed
to
,
by
the
Interposition
of
Philip
the
August
,
who
endeavoured
to
accommodate
this
Difference
between
them
.
But
Richard
,
having
discovered
,
or
at
least
believing
,
that
the
Messineses
had
an
Intention
to
surprize
him
,
during
the
Preliminary
Treaty
of
the
Peace
,
began
the
Assault
upon
the
Town
with
so
much
Fury
,
that
he
carried
the
Place
;
but
he
left
it
again
presently
,
after
he
had
received
the
Excuses
of
the
Magistrates
,
and
the
Satisfaction
which
he
demanded
of
them
,
out
of
Respect
,
as
he
said
,
to
King
Philip
,
who
had
his
Quarter
in
the
City
,
and
who
was
not
at
all
satisfied
with
these
violent
Proceedings
of
King
Richard
.
For
this
Reason
Richard
,
to
strengthen
himself
against
him
by
the
Alliance
of
Tancred
,
concluded
a
Peace
with
that
King
,
who
offered
him
,
besides
the
Ships
,
twenty
thousand
Ounces
of
Gold
,
to
quit
all
his
other
Pretensions
;
and
twenty
thousand
more
for
the
Portion
of
his
Daughter
,
year
1190
who
was
to
be
married
to
Arthur
,
Duke
of
Bretany
,
Nephew
to
King
Richard
.
So
that
the
Conclusion
of
this
Quarrel
was
the
Foundation
of
another
,
incomparably
more
dangerous
,
which
hereby
grew
between
the
kings
of
France
and
England
.
For
Tancred
perceiving
that
the
French
King
had
no
reason
to
be
satisfied
with
this
Marriage
,
which
was
surreptitious
,
concluded
without
his
Knowledge
,
and
which
directly
shocked
all
his
Interests
,
endeavoured
to
link
himself
more
closely
with
the
English
,
as
he
did
,
and
to
exasperate
them
against
King
Philip.
And
truly
,
finding
that
these
two
Princes
were
already
imbroiled
upon
the
Subject
of
the
Taking
Messina
,
where
Richard
having
caused
his
Standards
to
be
planted
,
Philip
sent
to
have
them
taken
down
.
He
went
to
the
King
of
England
,
and
shewed
him
the
Letters
,
which
,
he
assured
him
,
came
from
the
King
of
France
,
wherein
he
offered
him
the
Assistance
of
all
his
Forces
,
if
he
would
make
War
with
Richard
,
who
,
he
said
,
had
no
other
Thoughts
but
to
amuse
him
with
the
Shew
of
Peace
,
thereby
with
more
Ease
to
seize
upon
his
Realm
.
Richard
,
although
he
was
extreamly
provoked
with
this
Procedure
,
yet
was
very
well
pleased
to
have
so
specious
a
Pretence
to
break
with
Philip.
Philip
complaining
with
Justice
enough
,
reciprocally
against
him
,
that
having
,
so
long
since
,
affianced
his
Sister
Alice
,
he
had
now
altered
his
Thoughts
,
and
was
designed
to
marry
Berengera
,
the
Daughter
of
Garcias
,
King
of
Navarre
;
following
therein
the
Counsel
of
Queen
Eleonor
,
who
her self
had
conducted
that
Princess
thither
.
There
seemed
great
Foundation
for
the
Complaints
on
either
side
,
and
their
Spirits
were
wound
up
to
that
degree
,
as
indangered
the
Breaking
of
the
holy
League
,
by
a
deadly
War
between
these
two
Princes
;
which
,
if
it
had
happened
,
had
absolutely
ruined
all
the
Hopes
of
ever
re-establishing
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
in
the
Holy
Land
.
But
,
in
Conclusion
,
there
were
Expedients
found
out
for
the
appeasing
of
this
great
Quarrel
,
by
an
amicable
Composure
,
which
pacified
their
Spirits
,
at
least
,
in
Appearance
,
and
for
some
time
.
Richard
protested
that
he
would
most
inviolably
have
kept
his
Promise
in
marrying
the
Princess
Alice
,
if
he
had
not
been
most
certainly
assured
,
for
some
time
before
,
that
the
late
King
Henry
,
his
Father
,
who
was
known
to
have
been
most
passionately
Amorous
of
her
,
had
not
exceeded
the
Bounds
of
Modesty
in
his
Courtship
to
her
;
and
she
,
those
of
Vertue
,
in
the
Caresses
which
she
received
from
him
:
And
that
,
after
this
Discovery
,
all
the
Laws
,
both
of
God
and
Nature
,
opposed
this
Marriage
.
And
whereas
the
Princess
pretended
her self
to
be
wholly
innocent
of
these
Crimes
,
alledging
that
she
had
never
done
any
thing
Criminal
;
and
that
the
Appearances
of
Kindness
,
which
she
might
be
accused
of
,
in
permitting
the
Visits
of
that
importunate
old
King
,
as
she
never
consented
to
them
,
so
she
was
not
in
the
Capacity
of
hindring
them
,
which
possibly
might
be
true
;
yet
it
was
impossible
to
repair
the
Blemish
which
her
Honour
had
received
,
and
which
therefore
to
him
was
intollerable
because
it
was
incurable
;
and
the
malicious
World
would
,
to
his
Dis-reputation
,
believe
it
true
,
though
it
might
be
false
.
He
therefore
offered
to
restore
Vexin
,
which
she
was
to
have
in
Dowry
,
and
to
pay
her
ten
thousand
Marks
in
Silver
.
And
,
in
short
,
he
passed
his
Royal
Word
to
King
Philip
that
,
with
the
beginning
of
the
Spring
,
he
would
be
ready
,
without
any
further
delay
,
to
accompany
him
in
the
Enterprise
of
the
Holy
Land
.
Philip
also
,
on
his
side
,
complained
highly
,
and
protested
that
the
Letters
were
suppositious
,
and
a
treacherous
Artifice
,
to
engage
him
in
a
Quarrel
with
the
King
of
England
,
his
Ally
,
and
Companion
in
Arms
in
this
Holy
War
.
Thus
the
two
Kings
,
having
once
more
patched
up
an
Accord
,
did
unprofitably
renew
the
Protestations
of
their
Amity
,
which
was
impossible
to
hold
long
between
two
Princes
who
had
an
insuperable
Antipathy
the
one
to
the
other
.
However
,
they
passed
the
remainder
of
the
Winter
something
more
calmly
at
Messina
;
where
it
is
said
,
the
famous
Abbot
Joachim
foretold
the
little
Success
,
which
they
were
to
expect
from
their
Voyage
.
This
Man
who
,
whilst
he
lived
,
made
such
a
Noise
and
Figure
in
the
World
,
and
who
,
to
this
very
day
,
ever
since
his
Death
,
is
so
great
a
Riddle
and
Mystery
,
was
a
Calabrian
by
Birth
,
and
an
Abbot
of
the
Monastery
of
the
Cistertians
in
his
own
Country
;
his
Way
of
Living
,
and
his
Conduct
,
was
wholly
extraordinary
,
and
of
which
never
any
spoke
with
Mediocrity
,
whether
it
were
good
or
evil
;
for
some
would
have
him
pass
for
one
of
the
most
eminent
Doctors
,
year
1190
the
most
famous
Prophets
,
and
the
greatest
and
most
miraculous
Saints
that
ever
was
in
the
Church
of
God
:
On
the
contrary
,
Others
hold
him
for
a
most
impudent
Impostor
,
a
wicked
Hypocrite
,
and
a
most
dangerous
Tritheite
Heretick
;
for
the
proudest
,
most
arrogant
,
and
presumptuous
of
Mankind
.
But
those
who
,
without
prejudice
,
have
coolly
examined
all
that
is
alledged
on
both
sides
,
touching
this
famous
Abbot
,
believe
that
,
without
doing
him
Injustice
,
one
may
keep
the
middle
way
between
these
two
Extreams
,
and
affirm
that
he
was
a
bold
and
ignorant
Visionary
,
who
having
a
weak
Head
,
and
a
strong
Imagination
,
together
with
little
Learning
,
and
less
Solidity
of
Judgment
to
manage
it
,
took
all
his
Imaginations
,
and
his
own
Fancies
,
for
Oracles
;
and
that
therefore
undertaking
to
make
Predictions
,
amidst
a
hundred
things
which
he
pretended
to
foretel
,
he
must
play
with
very
ill
Fortune
,
if
some
of
them
did
not
prove
true
,
though
it
were
by
the
pure
Effect
of
Chance
:
So
that
those
who
had
took
their
Measures
of
him
,
according
to
what
he
had
foretold
them
truly
,
cried
him
up
as
a
mighty
Prophet
;
and
the
others
,
who
had
been
deceived
,
as
well
as
he
,
by
his
Presages
,
treated
him
as
a
Cheat
,
and
an
Impostor
:
Neither
the
one
nor
the
other
of
these
People
,
all
this
while
,
having
the
Wit
to
perceive
that
he
was
,
in
reallity
,
neither
Prophet
nor
Cheat
,
but
a
silly
,
over-run
Visionary
,
who
deceived
himself
first
,
and
afterwards
those
who
believed
him
,
by
his
ridiculous
Illusions
,
which
possibly
was
the
genuine
Effect
of
his
few
Brains
,
and
much
Presumption
.
And
for
certain
,
this
is
true
,
that
going
to
visit
the
holy
Places
at
Jerusalem
,
at
the
Age
of
fifteen
Years
,
when
he
hardly
understood
his
Grammar
,
he
pretended
that
the
Spirit
of
God
was
infused
into
him
,
in
the
Church
of
the
holy
Sepulchre
;
and
there
a
perfect
Knowledge
of
all
the
hidden
Mysteries
of
the
Scripture
was
bestowed
upon
him
,
especially
of
the
Book
of
the
Apocalyps
,
whereof
he
said
he
had
the
Key
,
which
no
Man
before
him
could
ever
find
.
That
thereupon
,
without
applying
himself
to
any
other
Studies
,
he
began
to
labour
with
the
Visions
of
that
Book
,
which
he
endeavoured
to
adjust
to
his
own
,
as
best
pleased
him
;
taking
his
own
Dreams
for
the
true
Sense
of
those
sacred
Mysteries
.
However
,
he
was
so
ingenuous
as
to
acknowledge
,
that
he
neither
had
any
Revelations
,
nor
yet
the
Gift
of
Prophecy
;
but
that
he
had
received
from
God
the
Spirit
of
Understanding
,
as
clearly
to
understand
what
was
contained
in
the
Prophecies
of
the
Old
and
New
Testament
,
as
the
Prophets
themselves
,
who
writ
them
by
the
Impulse
of
the
Spirit
of
God
.
Moreover
,
he
was
a
Man
who
affected
Singularity
,
and
who
aimed
at
nothing
but
was
very
uncommon
and
extraordinary
,
both
in
his
Conduct
and
his
Doctrine
;
and
that
therefore
,
in
the
Council
of
Lateran
,
under
Innocent
III.
he
was
declared
an
open
Heretick
,
because
he
had
undertaken
to
write
,
and
maintain
,
against
the
Great
Master
of
the
Sentences
,
some
Positions
concerning
the
Trinity
,
which
was
open
Tritheism
;
for
he
was
of
Opinion
,
that
every
Person
in
the
Holy
Trinity
had
a
distinct
,
Proper
and
peculiar
Essence
,
and
that
they
were
begotten
,
one
from
another
.
He
was
also
presented
in
the
Pope's
Court
,
and
accused
by
the
Religious
of
his
own
Order
,
among
whom
he
raised
a
most
dangerous
Schism
.
In
short
,
He
was
an
eternal
Medler
with
Prophecies
,
Predictions
,
and
the
Affection
of
foretelling
future
Contingencies
:
And
if
some
one
of
his
Presages
,
by
mere
Chance
,
proved
true
in
the
Event
,
there
were
a
hundred
of
them
,
so
obscure
and
ambiguous
,
that
might
be
interpreted
either
way
;
many
of
the
most
famous
of
those
which
he
published
with
so
much
Noise
and
Confidence
,
being
proved
false
in
their
Events
,
even
whilst
he
was
alive
;
which
cannot
be
made
appear
better
,
than
by
this
famous
Conference
which
he
had
at
Messina
,
with
King
Richard
.
For
there
being
a
mighty
Talk
of
this
Abbot
Joachim
,
who
was
at
this
time
in
the
Top
of
his
Reputation
,
especially
in
Italy
,
where
all
People
heard
him
as
a
Prophet
,
Richard
desired
Tancred
to
send
for
him
to
Messina
,
that
from
him
he
might
be
informed
of
the
Success
of
this
War
which
he
was
about
to
undertake
,
to
re-conquer
Jerusalem
from
the
Hands
of
the
Infidels
.
This
is
commonly
the
nature
of
Men
,
especially
of
Great
Men
,
to
have
a
longing
desire
to
penetrate
into
the
inscrutable
Secrets
of
the
time
to
come
,
year
1190
by
a
dangerous
and
vain
Curiosity
,
which
usurping
upon
the
peculiar
Prerogative
of
God
Almighty
,
who
hath
reserved
this
Knowledge
incommunicably
to
himself
,
he
does
not
fail
to
punish
that
bold
Presumption
,
by
some
Misfortune
,
either
agreeable
or
contrary
to
the
Prediction
which
is
made
.
But
that
which
gave
Richard
the
greater
desire
to
consult
this
famous
Abbot
was
,
the
sad
News
of
the
deplorable
Accident
which
had
befallen
the
Emperor
,
taking
him
out
of
the
World
in
the
middle
of
his
victorious
Course
,
and
which
,
it
was
confidently
reported
,
had
been
predicted
to
him
most
clearly
by
the
Abbot
,
who
positively
affirmed
,
that
he
should
have
no
good
Success
.
This
gave
a
mighty
Confirmation
to
all
those
People
who
had
conceived
this
Opinion
of
him
,
that
he
had
the
Gift
of
Prophecy
.
Come
he
did
then
,
and
,
according
to
his
custom
,
taking
upon
him
the
Tone
of
a
Prophet
,
he
presently
told
the
two
Kings
,
with
a
serious
Air
,
and
without
a
Moments
Hesitation
,
That
it
was
to
no
manner
of
purpose
that
they
were
going
to
Jerusalem
,
to
deliver
the
Holy
Land
,
in
regard
that
the
Time
appointed
for
its
Deliverance
was
not
yet
come
.
Philip
the
August
,
who
had
a
most
solid
Mind
,
and
who
took
no
further
care
but
to
give
good
Order
for
the
present
,
thereby
to
assure
the
future
,
in
which
consists
the
best
Art
of
Prediction
,
was
in
no
pain
for
this
Discourse
of
the
Abbot
,
to
which
he
gave
but
little
Credit
.
But
Richard
,
who
had
a
certain
Weakness
for
those
kind
of
Prophecies
,
had
a
Curiosity
to
be
further
satisfied
,
demanded
of
him
,
upon
what
kind
of
Knowledge
he
founded
this
Prediction
,
that
he
pronounced
with
such
Assurance
.
Whereupon
this
Visionary
,
whose
Head
was
full
of
nothing
but
the
Chimera's
of
his
own
Dreams
,
which
he
made
upon
the
Apocalyps
,
of
which
he
thought
he
had
as
perfect
an
Understanding
as
St.
John
,
who
writ
these
Revelations
,
fell
to
interpreting
the
Visions
contained
in
that
Book
,
and
especially
that
of
the
horrible
Dragon
with
seven
Heads
,
which
would
have
devoured
the
Man-child
which
was
to
be
born
of
the
Woman
cloathed
with
the
Sun
.
The
sixth
Head
of
this
Monster
,
he
said
,
was
Saladin
,
who
had
taken
Jerusalem
,
who
should
certainly
be
destroyed
by
the
Christians
,
who
should
regain
this
holy
City
;
but
that
,
according
to
the
Mystery
of
the
Numbers
denoted
in
the
Vision
,
it
should
not
be
till
seven
Years
,
from
the
Taking
of
it
,
were
accomplished
.
If
it
be
so
,
briskly
replied
Richard
,
interrupting
him
,
What
have
we
done
,
to
come
so
far
to
no
purpose
?
Your
Voyage
,
answered
the
Abbot
,
was
necessary
for
your
own
Glory
;
for
that
by
doing
this
,
God
will
make
you
triumph
over
all
your
Enemies
,
and
will
elevate
you
above
all
other
Princes
of
the
Earth
.
The
Events
plainly
shewed
,
that
these
two
first
Predictions
were
most
false
,
since
Jerusalem
was
not
taken
in
that
time
,
and
that
the
Voyage
was
,
in
conclusion
,
very
unfortunate
for
King
Richard
,
who
fell
into
the
Hands
of
his
Enemies
,
and
was
very
ill
treated
by
them
.
But
his
Illusion
,
or
rather
,
his
Extravagance
and
Folly
appeared
much
more
,
when
,
pursuing
the
Interpretation
of
this
Mystery
,
according
to
the
disorderly
Capricioes
of
his
own
Imagination
,
he
added
,
that
the
seventh
Head
of
this
Dragon
was
Antichrist
,
who
should
be
born
in
Rome
,
and
should
be
Pope
:
for
this
dangerous
Devote
had
the
Confidence
to
publish
this
Folly
,
and
boldly
to
affirm
,
that
this
Enemy
of
Jesus
Christ
was
,
at
that
time
,
in
his
youthful
Age.
That
in
the
Year
1199.
the
sixth
Seal
of
the
fatal
Book
should
be
opened
,
and
that
thereupon
should
ensue
the
Kingdom
,
Persecution
,
and
the
Death
of
Antichrist
;
and
that
the
Gospel
should
,
before
that
,
be
preached
in
all
the
World
.
But
he
might
very
well
,
himself
,
before
his
own
Death
,
see
the
falseness
of
his
Prediction
.
And
from
that
time
that
he
undertook
,
with
so
much
Confidence
,
to
maintain
that
Opinion
,
he
was
most
powerfully
confuted
,
and
convinced
of
the
little
probability
of
his
Prophecies
,
by
the
Archbishops
of
Ousch
and
Roan
,
the
Bishops
of
Bayonne
and
D'Eureux
,
and
other
learned
Ecclesiasticks
,
who
were
present
at
this
Conference
;
and
shewed
him
by
Scripture
,
which
plainly
tells
us
,
that
the
Time
which
he
undertook
to
limit
,
was
wholly
unknown
;
that
his
Conceptions
were
not
only
false
,
but
rash
and
vain
Imaginations
of
his
own
Fancy
,
which
he
endeavoured
to
obtrude
upon
the
World
for
Truths
.
Insomuch
that
King
Richard
himself
,
who
now
undertook
to
be
able
to
confute
him
,
made
no
more
Account
of
him
than
King
Philip
had
done
,
and
no
further
amused
himself
about
him
.
See
what
manner
of
Man
this
Abbot
Joachim
was
,
and
what
Belief
he
gained
upon
the
Minds
of
the
English
and
French
,
year
1190
who
were
not
altogether
so
credulous
as
the
Italians
,
many
of
which
,
though
,
did
not
believe
him
;
but
only
,
among
the
Common
People
,
his
Fictions
passed
Currant
,
as
if
they
had
been
Heavenly
Oracles
.
But
it
is
observable
,
that
this
hath
constantly
been
the
Destiny
of
those
who
would
undertake
to
prophesie
,
or
to
explain
future
Events
,
by
accommodating
them
to
the
Mysteries
of
the
Apocalyps
,
to
lose
the
greatest
part
of
their
Reason
and
Understanding
,
by
dashing
against
that
Rock
which
hath
split
so
many
Spirits
as
,
by
their
foolish
Curiosity
,
have
,
at
last
,
only
gained
the
infamous
Reputation
of
being
Visionary
Extravagants
.
The
two
Kings
therefore
,
without
being
retarded
by
the
Predictions
of
this
Man
,
whom
they
sent
back
to
his
Solitude
of
Haute-Pierre
in
Calabria
,
to
write
upon
the
Prophets
and
the
Apocalyps
,
resolved
to
pursue
their
Voyage
so
soon
as
the
Season
would
permit
.
Philip
,
who
always
pressed
the
King
of
England
,
not
to
delay
the
time
,
parted
the
first
,
in
the
Month
of
March
,
with
all
his
Fleet
,
and
arrived
fortunately
,
in
two
and
twenty
days
,
upon
Easter-Eve
,
before
Acre
,
where
he
was
received
by
the
Crusades
with
incredible
Transports
of
Pleasure
,
as
if
an
Angel
from
Heaven
was
come
to
the
Relief
of
the
Christian
Army
,
which
had
now
besieged
this
important
Place
very
near
three
Years
.
So
soon
as
he
was
arrived
,
he
visited
the
Works
,
and
took
his
Quarters
so
near
the
Walls
,
that
his
Lodgment
was
within
less
than
a
Discharge
of
the
Darts
and
Arrows
of
his
Enemies
.
He
then
began
to
plant
his
Slings
for
great
Stones
,
his
Rams
,
and
other
Engines
,
which
played
to
so
good
purpose
,
and
so
furiously
,
upon
the
place
,
that
in
few
days
he
had
made
a
reasonable
fair
Breach
.
At
which
time
the
French
presented
themselves
before
it
,
in
order
to
an
Assault
,
resolved
to
perish
,
or
to
carry
the
Place
,
and
all
the
Honour
of
the
Siege
.
And
no
doubt
can
be
made
,
but
the
City
had
certainly
,
that
day
,
been
taken
,
considering
the
mighty
Earnestness
which
so
many
brave
Men
shewed
,
so
fresh
,
and
so
resolute
,
if
King
Philip
,
who
always
acted
with
great
sincerity
,
had
not
been
something
too
scrupulous
upon
this
Occasion
,
even
to
the
disadvantage
of
the
publick
Interest
.
For
whereas
one
of
the
Articles
of
the
Treaty
which
he
had
made
with
the
King
of
England
imported
,
that
they
should
equally
share
their
Conquests
,
he
understood
this
Article
to
extend
even
to
Glory
,
and
was
resolved
that
Richard
should
share
it
with
him
in
the
Taking
of
the
Town
,
which
he
was
in
a
Condition
to
take
without
him
.
And
therefore
,
contenting
himself
with
lodging
at
the
Foot
of
the
Wall
,
he
resolved
to
put
off
the
Assault
till
his
Arrival
.
And
in
truth
,
that
Prince
was
resolved
to
put
to
Sea
immediately
after
Philip
,
but
he
was
constrained
to
defer
it
some
time
,
by
reason
that
Queen
Eleonor
,
his
Mother
,
who
brought
along
with
her
the
Princess
Berengera
,
arrived
the
same
day
that
Philip
sailed
.
He
caused
these
two
Princesses
to
be
magnificently
received
at
Messina
,
where
he
affianced
this
new
Mistriss
;
after
which
,
Queen
Eleonor
returning
for
England
,
taking
with
her
Jane
,
his
Sister
,
and
the
Princess
Berengera
,
he
commanded
part
of
his
Fleet
to
attend
them
,
and
himself
,
with
the
rest
,
darted
at
last
,
upon
Wednesday
in
Passion-Week
,
from
Messina
,
eighteen
days
after
King
Philip
the
August
.
It
is
true
,
the
Sea
was
not
at
all
propitious
to
him
,
for
,
upon
Good-Friday
,
he
was
met
by
a
most
furious
Tempest
;
but
having
,
till
this
time
been
ever
mighty
fortunate
,
he
drew
a
great
Advantage
from
this
Accident
,
and
the
Tempest
which
scattered
his
Navy
,
was
worth
to
him
the
Conquest
of
the
Island
of
Cyprus
:
The
manner
whereof
I
will
in
short
recount
.
The
Island
of
Cyprus
,
one
of
the
fairest
and
greatest
of
the
Mediterranean
Sea
,
lying
about
some
hundred
Miles
from
Syria
,
was
at
that
time
under
the
Dominion
of
the
Emperors
of
Constantinople
,
who
sent
thither
some
Duke
,
or
Lieutenant
,
to
be
their
Deputy-Governor
.
Isaac
,
a
Prince
of
the
House
of
the
Comnenius's
by
his
Mother
,
who
was
Daughter
of
another
Isaac
,
Brother
to
the
Emperor
Manuel
,
had
seized
upon
that
Government
,
during
the
Empire
of
Andronicus
,
by
virtue
of
Letters
Patents
from
that
Emperor
,
which
this
Cheat
had
counterfeited
;
and
not
long
after
,
he
very
openly
usurped
the
absolute
Dominion
of
the
Place
,
by
taking
upon
him
the
Title
and
Authorit●
of
Emperor
.
After
the
Death
of
the
unfortunate
Andronicus
,
he
maintained
himself
in
his
Usurpation
,
year
1191
against
all
the
Forces
of
Isaacius
Angelus
,
whom
he
defeated
,
with
the
Assistance
of
Margeritus
,
Admiral
of
the
Fleet
of
William
,
King
of
Sicily
.
After
which
,
as
this
Tyrant
,
who
was
one
of
the
most
wicked
of
Mankind
,
saw
himself
assured
in
his
new
Empire
,
according
to
the
custom
and
nature
of
Tyranny
,
which
is
,
indifferently
to
commit
all
manner
of
Crimes
,
to
enjoy
the
first
,
which
is
committed
by
revolting
from
a
lawful
Master
,
there
was
no
manner
of
Wickedness
,
Injustice
,
Robbery
,
Extortion
,
Violence
,
or
Cruelty
,
which
he
did
not
exercise
upon
the
poor
Islanders
,
whom
he
reduced
even
to
the
utmost
Dispair
.
Nor
had
he
much
more
Humanity
towards
Strangers
;
for
three
great
Ships
of
the
English
Fleet
,
which
,
by
the
Violence
of
the
Tempest
,
had
been
thrown
upon
the
Island
,
and
stranded
,
in
the
View
of
Limisso
,
anciently
called
Amathus
,
upon
the
South
side
of
the
Island
,
this
Barbarian
,
who
presently
run
,
with
his
Soldiers
,
to
the
Bank
,
caused
all
those
who
escaped
the
Wrack
to
be
taken
,
and
after
having
inhumanely
despoiled
them
of
all
they
had
about
them
,
and
in
their
Ships
,
he
caused
them
to
be
bound
,
Hand
and
Foot
,
and
thrown
into
a
deep
Dungeon
,
there
miserably
to
perish
by
Famine
.
Nor
would
he
permit
the
great
Ship
,
on
Board
of
which
were
the
two
Princesses
,
and
which
was
in
manifest
danger
of
being
lost
,
to
come
within
the
Port
of
Limisso
,
as
they
had
earnestly
desired
Permission
of
him
to
do
;
but
would
have
them
ride
it
out
,
exposed
to
the
Mercy
of
the
Seas
and
the
Waves
,
that
so
he
might
have
the
brutish
and
cruel
Pleasure
,
either
to
see
them
sink
to
the
Bottom
,
or
split
against
the
Rocks
.
In
this
time
,
the
Tempest
being
appeased
,
Richard
,
who
had
taken
Port
at
Candia
,
and
from
thence
had
sailed
to
the
Rhodes
,
where
he
re-assembled
his
Ships
;
and
hearing
of
the
ill
Treatment
which
some
of
his
Ships
had
met
with
in
the
Island
of
Cyprus
,
he
came
and
presented
himself
,
with
the
rest
of
his
Navy
,
in
good
Order
,
before
Limisso
,
the
6th
Day
of
May
,
and
immediately
sent
to
the
Tyrant
,
to
demand
Satisfaction
for
the
Affront
had
been
done
him
,
with
a
peremptory
Command
to
him
,
instantly
to
set
such
of
the
English
at
Liberty
as
he
had
made
Prisoners
,
and
to
make
full
Restitution
of
whatever
he
had
taken
from
them
.
The
furious
Brute
fiercely
replied
to
the
Envoys
of
the
King
,
That
they
should
go
tell
their
Master
,
that
he
was
so
far
from
giving
him
the
Satisfaction
he
foolishly
demanded
,
that
if
he
did
not
make
the
more
haste
,
and
take
the
advantage
of
his
Sails
and
Oars
,
he
must
expect
the
same
Treatment
for
himself
.
And
thereupon
he
marched
directly
to
the
Shoar
with
all
the
Troops
which
he
kept
in
Pay
,
and
a
multitude
of
confused
,
undisciplined
People
,
ill
armed
,
and
worse
ordered
,
who
ran
down
in
hopes
of
Booty
,
and
not
in
expectation
of
Blows
:
But
he
was
mightily
mistaken
in
the
Man
with
whom
he
was
to
deal
,
for
Richard
,
furiously
exasperated
by
his
Answer
,
gave
present
Order
that
all
his
Army
should
make
a
Descent
,
by
the
help
of
the
Barks
and
Chaloups
;
and
putting
himself
into
the
first
Row
of
the
Barks
,
at
the
Head
of
his
Archers
,
he
rained
such
a
Storm
of
mortal
Arrows
,
as
he
rowed
to
the
Shoar
,
upon
the
Heads
of
his
affrighted
Enemies
,
that
under
the
favour
of
that
Consternation
,
he
leaped
first
ashoar
,
and
was
followed
so
courageously
by
his
Men
,
who
sound
none
to
oppose
their
Descent
,
that
they
charged
so
briskly
upon
these
Barbarians
,
with
their
Swords
in
their
Hands
,
and
fell
into
the
Battalions
of
these
cowardly
and
disorderly
Greeks
,
they
presently
put
them
into
Confusion
,
and
in
a
few
Minutes
,
to
a
manifest
Flight
,
and
in
the
Pursuit
,
made
a
dreadful
Slaughter
among
them
,
till
they
got
to
the
Mountains
,
where
they
saved
themselves
:
Then
returning
,
the
victorious
Army
entred
Limisso
without
Resistance
,
the
Soldiers
,
who
were
to
have
kept
it
,
having
,
for
fear
,
abandoned
the
place
.
This
happy
Beginning
was
presently
succeeded
by
a
Conclusion
no
less
fortunate
;
for
the
Night
following
he
surprized
Isaac
,
who
,
having
rallied
his
People
,
came
to
encamp
within
five
Miles
of
Limisso
;
and
having
cut
the
best
part
of
his
Troops
in
pieces
,
dissipated
the
rest
,
and
taken
all
his
Baggage
:
So
that
this
miserable
Wretch
,
abandoned
of
the
Cypriots
,
who
,
the
next
day
after
the
Victory
,
came
to
do
Homage
to
King
Richard
,
was
constrained
,
in
most
humble
manner
,
to
beg
a
Peace
;
which
he
obtained
upon
Conditions
hard
enough
,
and
sufficiently
ignominious
,
and
such
as
,
possibly
,
King
Richard
would
not
have
required
of
him
;
but
his
Cowardly
Fear
dictated
them
to
him
:
year
1191
And
he
who
,
in
his
Prosperity
,
was
so
presumptuous
,
to
imagine
he
could
not
offer
too
little
;
in
this
Reverse
of
his
Fortune
,
thought
he
could
never
offer
enough
.
The
Conditions
were
these
;
That
he
should
own
the
King
of
England
for
his
Soveraign
,
and
should
do
him
Homage
for
the
Island
,
under
the
Title
of
the
Realm
of
Cyprus
.
That
he
should
give
his
only
Daughter
and
Heiress
to
whomsoever
King
Richard
should
nominate
.
That
,
besides
delivering
the
Prisoners
which
he
had
taken
,
he
should
pay
twenty
thousand
Marks
in
Gold
,
for
Dammages
to
those
whom
he
had
plundred
.
That
he
should
go
in
Person
,
with
twenty
thousand
choice
Men
,
to
serve
the
King
in
the
War
of
the
Holy
Land
.
That
,
for
the
Security
of
his
Promises
,
he
should
instantly
put
all
the
Places
in
his
Dominions
into
the
King's
Hands
:
and
that
,
reciprocally
,
the
King
should
engage
upon
his
Honour
to
restore
them
to
him
,
so
soon
as
he
had
accomplished
all
his
Engagements
.
And
,
to
begin
with
what
was
most
shameful
,
he
immediately
came
to
do
his
Homage
to
King
Richard
,
in
the
Presence
of
Guy
,
King
of
Jerusalem
,
and
Geoffrey
de
Lusignan
,
his
Brother
,
Raymond
,
Prince
of
Antioch
,
and
Bohemond
,
Count
of
Tripolis
,
his
Son
,
Aufrey
de
Thoren
,
and
the
other
Lords
,
who
were
come
to
Cyprus
,
to
oblige
King
Richard
to
enter
into
their
Interests
,
against
the
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
Prince
of
Tyre
,
whose
Party
King
Philip
the
August
seemed
much
to
favour
.
But
this
Peace
did
not
last
long
;
for
,
whether
this
unfortunate
Tyrant
was
ashamed
of
his
Cowardice
,
or
that
some
Person
had
advertised
him
secretly
,
that
there
was
a
design
to
make
him
a
Prisoner
,
he
fled
the
same
Day
,
and
made
it
be
told
to
the
King
,
That
he
was
resolved
never
to
keep
such
an
unjust
Treaty
;
which
being
the
Effect
of
Force
,
and
the
suddain
Disorder
of
his
Judgment
,
by
Dispair
,
was
not
at
all
obliging
.
For
this
Reason
Richard
,
who
was
better
pleased
with
War
than
Peace
,
which
,
how
advantageous
soever
,
ravished
from
him
a
Conquest
which
he
could
not
fail
of
obtaining
,
instantly
caused
him
to
be
pursued
both
by
Land
and
Sea
,
with
so
much
Heat
and
Expedition
,
that
,
running
over
the
whole
Island
,
with
his
Troops
divided
into
several
Parties
,
all
the
Cities
opened
their
Gates
to
him
,
so
soon
as
he
or
his
Lieutenants
appeared
before
them
.
So
that
the
miserable
Isaac
,
abandoned
of
all
the
World
,
who
had
him
in
Detestation
,
even
in
his
better
Fortune
,
was
constrained
to
surrender
.
The
Princess
,
his
Daughter
,
who
was
in
the
Castle
of
Cherin
,
was
the
first
to
implore
the
Clemency
of
the
King
;
who
received
her
with
great
Civility
,
and
caused
her
to
be
conducted
to
Limisso
,
where
was
the
Queen
,
his
Sister
,
and
the
Princess
Berengera
.
After
which
,
the
Tyrant
,
who
had
now
no
other
Retreat
left
,
besides
a
Monastery
fortified
upon
a
Rock
,
seeing
that
he
was
about
to
be
attacked
,
could
not
resolve
to
die
honourably
,
in
making
a
noble
Defence
,
but
,
by
extream
Lowness
of
Spirit
,
resolved
to
beg
a
Life
,
which
ought
to
have
been
more
insupportable
than
a
thousand
Deaths
.
He
came
then
from
the
Monastery
in
the
Habit
of
a
Mourner
,
his
Hair
and
Beard
neglected
,
his
Eyes
overflown
with
Tears
,
throwing
himself
,
like
a
Slave
,
at
the
Feet
of
the
King
;
and
he
,
who
had
so
audaciously
assumed
the
Title
of
an
Emperor
,
submitted
himself
entirely
to
his
Mercy
,
only
making
his
Request
,
that
he
would
not
put
him
in
Chains
;
which
,
of
all
the
things
of
the
World
,
he
said
,
was
what
he
most
feared
,
and
which
would
,
assuredly
,
make
him
die
with
Grief
.
Whereupon
,
King
Richard
,
who
naturally
loved
to
divert
himself
with
the
most
serious
things
,
and
who
was
so
far
from
being
touched
with
any
Compassion
for
the
Misery
of
this
Infamous
,
that
,
in
regard
of
his
woful
Cowardice
,
he
had
scarcely
the
Patience
to
see
him
;
turning
himself
to
Raoul
,
his
Chamberlain
,
to
whose
Charge
he
consigned
this
miserable
Man
,
and
smiling
,
he
commanded
him
to
use
him
as
an
Emperor
,
and
that
therefore
he
should
put
upon
him
Manacles
,
Fetters
and
Chains
of
Silver
,
to
distinguish
him
to
be
a
Prisoner
of
Quality
:
Which
Raoul
did
not
fail
,
solemnly
to
put
accordingly
in
Execution
.
Thus
the
Realm
of
Cyprus
was
,
without
any
considerable
Loss
,
conquered
in
less
than
three
Weeks
by
King
Richard
,
who
,
at
the
same
time
,
married
the
Princess
Berengera
at
Limisso
,
and
caused
her
to
be
Crowned
Queen
of
England
,
year
1191
and
of
Cyprus
,
with
all
manner
of
Magnificence
,
and
,
as
it
were
,
in
a
kind
of
Triumph
,
after
such
a
happy
Conquest
.
This
done
,
he
sent
the
two
Queens
and
the
Princess
,
the
Daughter
of
Isaac
,
with
a
good
Party
of
his
Fleet
,
who
arrived
happily
at
Acre
,
the
1st
Day
of
June
,
being
the
Eve
of
Whitsunday
.
He
caused
the
Tyrant
to
be
conducted
Prisoner
to
Tripolis
;
and
,
for
himself
,
after
he
had
regulated
the
Affairs
of
his
new
Kingdom
,
which
he
put
under
the
Conduct
of
two
Governors
,
he
received
from
his
new
Subjects
the
Value
of
half
their
Moveables
,
which
they
offered
him
of
their
own
Accord
,
that
so
they
might
have
from
him
the
Confirmation
of
the
Privileges
which
they
had
formerly
enjoyed
under
the
Emperor
Manuel
.
All
which
Matters
being
adjusted
,
upon
the
5th
of
June
,
he
parted
from
Cyprus
,
with
the
King
of
Jerusalem
,
and
the
Levantine
Princes
:
The
next
day
he
passed
before
Tyre
,
where
the
Garrison
of
Conrade
,
fearing
he
might
seize
upon
the
Place
,
would
not
permit
him
to
Land
.
The
next
Day
,
as
he
drew
near
to
Acre
,
he
discovered
the
biggest
of
all
the
Ships
that
he
had
ever
seen
upon
the
Sea
,
who
had
the
Arms
of
France
painted
upon
her
Stem
;
but
suspecting
it
might
be
some
Stratagem
,
and
sending
out
to
hall
her
,
he
found
it
was
a
Ship
of
Saladin's
,
which
had
on
Board
her
five
hundred
choice
Men
,
Provisions
,
Arms
and
Munition
;
as
also
,
Artificial
Fire-works
,
and
two
hundred
most
venemous
Serpents
,
in
Glasses
,
to
throw
into
the
Camp
of
the
Christians
.
Richard
caused
her
to
be
attacked
by
his
Galliots
;
and
,
after
a
long
and
furious
Combat
,
which
was
maintained
with
extraordinary
Obstinacy
by
those
desperate
People
,
till
such
time
as
being
pierced
in
a
great
many
places
by
the
Stems
of
the
Galliots
,
who
ran
upon
her
with
full
Sails
and
Oars
,
that
she
sunk
to
the
Bottom
,
all
the
Soldiers
and
Mariners
,
who
threw
themselves
into
the
Sea
,
or
into
the
Ships
of
the
Christians
,
to
save
themselves
,
being
either
drowned
or
slain
,
excepting
two
hundred
of
the
principal
Officers
and
Engineers
,
who
were
taken
Prisoners
.
After
which
,
Richard
,
landing
the
next
day
,
being
the
8th
of
June
,
entred
,
as
it
were
,
in
Triumph
,
laden
with
Spoils
and
Glory
,
into
the
Camp
before
Acre
.
Philip
the
August
received
him
with
the
greatest
Demonstrations
of
Joy
and
Friendship
.
But
that
Prince
,
too
generous
,
learnt
quickly
after
,
by
a
dangerous
Experiment
,
that
an
Excess
of
Vertue
,
which
causes
one
to
lose
a
fair
Opportunity
,
especially
in
Matters
of
War
,
is
always
a
great
Fault
in
a
Prince
or
Captain
.
And
certainly
,
he
ought
not
to
have
made
any
Scruple
of
Taking
the
City
,
as
he
might
easily
have
done
,
without
King
Richard
,
whom
he
unprofitably
staid
for
so
long
time
,
while
that
King
,
more
cunning
,
and
less
scrupulous
,
and
who
had
not
for
others
such
tender
Concerns
,
did
,
without
him
,
take
a
whole
Kingdom
.
For
,
in
short
,
the
missing
of
this
Opportunity
gave
Rise
to
many
Accidents
,
which
had
like
to
have
entirely
ruined
the
Enterprise
:
For
the
Besieged
made
great
advantage
of
that
long
Repose
,
and
the
leisure
which
was
given
them
by
a
kind
of
Truce
,
of
which
they
knew
not
the
Cause
;
however
,
they
employed
it
to
the
repairing
of
the
Breaches
,
and
were
so
strengthned
by
little
Succours
,
which
frequently
slip'd
into
them
,
that
they
found
themselves
in
a
Condition
often
to
repulse
the
great
Assaults
which
were
given
against
them
at
unseasonable
times
,
the
Opportunity
being
lost
before
.
Besides
,
the
King
of
France
first
,
and
after
some
time
,
the
King
of
England
,
fell
sick
of
that
dangerous
Malady
,
which
made
them
lose
their
Hair
,
Nails
and
Skin
,
by
its
subtil
and
Corrosive
Malignity
,
which
consumes
all
that
Matter
which
is
necessary
for
the
Defence
or
the
Ornament
of
the
Body
.
But
the
most
dangerous
Evil
of
all
,
and
which
endangered
the
common
Ruin
,
was
,
the
Division
which
broke
out
more
furiously
than
ever
between
the
two
Kings
.
The
ancient
English
Historians
of
that
time
lay
all
the
Blame
upon
Philip
,
whilst
the
French
,
who
writ
at
the
same
time
,
accuse
King
Richard
,
and
lay
all
the
Fault
at
his
Door
:
and
the
reason
is
plain
,
that
both
the
one
and
the
other
living
at
the
same
time
,
and
writing
what
was
done
in
their
own
time
,
either
their
Fear
or
their
Hope
,
their
Love
or
Hate
,
took
from
them
the
power
and
the
liberty
of
writing
the
Truth
sincerely
,
and
without
Partiality
.
For
my
own
particular
,
who
,
besides
the
natural
Love
I
have
for
it
,
have
always
made
Profession
to
speak
and
write
,
when
there
is
occasion
,
with
that
frank
and
honest
liberty
which
can
never
be
taken
from
a
good
Man
,
year
1191
and
who
am
under
no
manner
of
Temptations
from
any
of
these
Passions
,
which
may
hinder
me
from
speaking
concerning
these
Kings
what
I
believe
to
be
true
,
it
cannot
be
supposed
I
should
do
otherwise
,
since
I
have
nothing
either
to
hope
or
fear
from
them
;
and
that
there
is
no
danger
,
four
hundred
Years
after
their
Death
,
any
Person
should
so
warmly
espouse
the
Interests
of
their
Ashes
.
I
say
then
,
that
after
having
strictly
examined
whatever
is
written
upon
one
side
and
the
other
,
concerning
this
great
difference
,
I
find
,
that
Richard
did
not
use
King
Philip
with
that
Respect
which
was
due
to
him
,
as
his
Liege
Lord
for
so
many
great
and
fair
Provinces
as
he
held
of
him
in
France
:
For
as
he
had
amassed
prodigious
Sums
of
Money
in
England
,
in
Sicily
,
and
in
Cyprus
,
he
spared
no
Cost
to
allure
the
bravest
Men
to
his
Party
,
and
to
draw
them
to
his
Service
by
excessive
Profusions
,
and
the
extraordinary
Advantages
which
he
made
them
;
insomuch
that
,
understanding
that
Philip
gave
three
Crowns
in
Gold
by
the
Month
to
every
Horse-man
,
he
promised
four
to
such
as
would
quit
that
Service
,
and
take
Pay
under
him
.
So
that
he
seemed
to
endeavour
to
exhalt
himself
above
his
Master
,
and
to
render
him
contemptible
.
But
then
,
on
the
other
side
,
Philip
,
who
had
a
great
Heart
,
and
who
bore
it
very
impatiently
,
to
be
in
this
manner
insulted
over
by
his
Vassal
,
shewed
so
much
displeasure
,
that
he
gave
those
whom
the
Profusions
of
Richard
had
gained
,
especially
the
Levantines
,
who
were
most
charmed
with
them
,
occasion
to
believe
that
he
was
not
able
to
support
his
Greatness
,
and
his
Merit
,
to
be
thus
topped
and
overshaded
.
Moreover
,
as
Philip
,
before
the
Arrival
of
the
English
,
had
so
far
advanced
the
Works
,
and
so
beaten
down
the
Walls
,
and
ruined
the
Defences
,
that
he
might
easily
have
taken
the
place
,
if
he
had
not
been
too
scrupulous
of
taking
all
the
Glory
to
himself
;
whereas
Richard
,
to
whom
he
had
given
the
opportunity
of
taking
his
share
,
by
a
strange
Effect
of
Jealousie
and
Ambition
,
would
by
no
means
have
the
City
taken
whilst
Philip
was
there
;
insomuch
,
that
when
the
French
assaulted
the
Town
,
this
jealous
Prince
prohibited
the
English
,
either
to
sustain
them
,
or
to
assault
it
on
their
side
,
as
had
before
been
resolved
upon
at
the
Council
of
War
.
This
brought
on
Reproaches
,
Quarrels
and
Hatred
,
which
daily
increased
,
and
grew
more
violent
between
the
two
Nations
,
than
that
of
the
War
which
had
begun
to
break
out
before
,
under
King
Henry
;
there
being
,
besides
,
naturally
not
too
much
Sympathy
between
them
.
That
which
augmented
this
Division
was
also
the
Difference
between
Guy
de
Lusignan
and
the
Marquis
Conrade
de
Montferrat
,
for
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
;
which
the
one
pretended
to
keep
,
and
the
other
to
have
,
when
as
Saladin
was
yet
possessed
of
it
:
For
King
Philip
carried
himself
openly
for
the
Marquis
,
in
the
Right
of
his
Wife
;
and
for
that
being
a
great
Warrier
,
who
had
,
by
his
good
Conduct
,
preserved
the
small
Remainder
of
that
poor
Realm
,
it
seemed
much
better
that
he
should
have
it
,
rather
than
his
Rival
,
who
had
lost
it
so
unfortunately
,
for
want
of
Courage
,
and
sufficient
Conduct
.
On
the
contrary
,
the
King
of
England
,
for
that
very
reason
,
opposed
his
Pretensions
,
being
unwilling
it
should
fall
into
the
hands
of
so
brave
a
Man
;
and
therefore
,
with
all
his
Power
,
he
supported
Guy
of
Lusignan
,
by
reason
that
that
unfortunate
Prince
having
much
Weakness
,
and
little
Merit
,
Richard
was
in
hopes
of
disposing
of
the
Realm
according
to
his
own
Will.
And
,
in
short
,
the
new
Conquest
which
the
King
of
England
had
made
of
the
Island
of
Cyprus
,
which
he
was
resolved
to
keep
,
did
not
at
all
please
Philip
,
who
demanded
the
half
of
that
Realm
,
in
virtue
of
the
Treaty
,
by
which
they
were
obliged
to
divide
equally
between
them
whatsoever
should
be
gained
by
that
Voyage
.
But
Richard
maintained
,
either
that
this
Division
was
to
be
restrained
to
such
Conquests
as
were
made
upon
the
Infidels
,
or
otherwise
,
that
by
the
same
reason
he
ought
to
divide
the
Succession
to
the
Earldom
of
Flanders
with
the
King
,
since
,
by
the
Death
of
the
Earl
,
Philip
pretended
to
have
acquired
a
Right
unto
.
And
by
reason
of
this
Division
,
their
Spirits
were
so
exasperated
,
that
while
nothing
was
done
against
the
common
Enemy
,
both
sides
reproached
each
other
with
holding
a
secret
Intelligence
and
Correspondency
with
the
Infidels
,
both
the
one
Party
and
the
other
receiving
Presents
from
Saladin
.
And
,
in
truth
,
this
brave
Sarasin
Prince
,
who
was
naturally
generous
,
and
made
War
like
a
noble
Enemy
,
was
used
,
from
time
to
time
,
to
send
the
most
excellent
Fruits
of
Damascus
to
the
two
Kings
,
who
,
in
Return
,
sent
him
some
of
the
pretty
Rarities
of
Europe
.
year
1191
Thus
matters
were
so
far
from
being
advantaged
by
the
coming
of
these
two
mighty
Armies
to
the
Camp
,
which
with
the
Forces
of
the
Levant
and
other
Succours
come
from
Europe
made
more
than
three
hundred
thousand
men
,
that
they
were
reduced
into
a
worse
Condition
than
before
,
by
this
fatal
Discord
,
which
divided
all
the
Christian
Lords
,
and
armed
them
one
against
the
other
.
The
Knights
of
the
Temple
,
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
all
the
Party
of
the
Marquis
Conrade
and
the
Germans
declared
themselves
for
Philip.
Richard
had
of
his
Party
besides
his
own
Subjects
,
the
Hospitallers
the
Pisans
,
and
those
among
the
Levantine
Princes
who
favoured
Guy
de
Lusignan
,
the
Flemings
who
were
for
the
Young
Baldwin
,
the
Nephew
of
their
deceased
Earl
,
and
who
some
twelve
Years
after
obtained
the
Empire
of
Constantinople
,
as
also
some
French
men
,
among
others
,
Henry
Earl
of
Champagne
,
whom
Richard
had
gained
by
his
excessive
Liberalities
;
so
that
the
Camp
seemed
more
dangerously
besieged
than
the
City
,
being
attacked
from
without
by
the
Army
of
Saladin
,
and
more
miserably
within
by
this
fearful
Division
,
which
had
ruined
all
,
unless
God
,
who
was
resolved
to
crown
the
Zeal
of
these
two
great
Princes
,
notwithstanding
all
the
disorders
of
their
Passions
,
had
appeased
this
Tempest
,
and
unexpectedly
brought
a
Calm
among
them
by
the
undertaking
of
some
of
the
Wisest
and
most
prudent
Persons
,
of
both
Armies
who
made
a
Composure
of
all
Differences
between
the
two
Kings
on
this
manner
.
It
was
ordained
,
That
they
should
confirm
their
former
Treaty
and
most
inviolable
and
exactly
keep
it
on
one
side
and
the
other
.
That
they
should
devide
between
them
whatsoever
they
should
take
from
the
Infidels
.
That
when
one
of
the
two
Kings
should
give
an
Assault
to
the
City
,
the
other
should
oppose
Saladin
in
defending
the
Lines
;
and
for
the
difference
between
Guy
de
Lusignan
and
the
Marquis
de
Montferrat
,
it
should
be
referred
to
the
Determination
of
certain
Judges
equally
chosen
on
both
sides
.
And
not
long
after
a
solemn
Judgement
was
rendred
thereupon
by
which
it
was
decreed
,
That
Guy
de
Lusignan
should
for
the
remainder
of
his
Life
continue
King
of
Jerusalem
,
but
that
his
Children
if
he
should
marry
again
should
have
no
sort
of
Pretentions
to
that
Crown
,
the
Reversion
and
Succession
whereof
should
remain
to
the
Marquis
and
those
Children
he
should
have
by
the
Princess
Isabella
his
Lady
,
Sister
to
the
late
Queen
Sybilla
.
That
in
the
Interim
he
should
have
the
Moity
of
the
Revenues
of
the
Realm
,
together
with
the
Principalities
of
Tyre
,
of
Sydon
,
and
Baruth
,
by
holding
them
of
the
Crown
;
and
that
Geoffry
de
Lusignan
should
upon
the
same
Conditions
hold
the
Counties
of
Jaffa
and
Caesarea
.
This
being
done
,
and
the
Peace
in
this
manner
confirmed
at
least
in
Appearance
between
the
two
Kings
,
nothing
was
now
thought
upon
but
how
to
press
forward
the
Siege
;
and
it
was
done
with
so
much
Vigor
,
by
continual
battering
the
Walls
both
Night
and
Day
and
redoubling
the
Attacks
,
that
the
Besieged
Sarasins
now
dispairing
to
be
able
long
to
defend
the
Place
against
so
great
Forces
,
as
were
now
become
unanimous
,
offered
to
surrender
,
provided
they
might
be
assured
of
their
Lives
and
Liberty
to
retire
whither
they
pleased
,
without
carrying
any
thing
away
with
them
more
than
their
wearing
Apparel
,
The
Kings
,
who
were
assured
they
could
carry
the
Place
,
thought
to
make
a
considerable
Advantage
of
that
dispair
to
which
so
many
Brave
men
were
reduced
,
whom
they
believed
Saladin
would
not
suffer
to
perish
,
and
therefore
would
hearken
to
no
Terms
,
unless
Saladin
would
restore
the
true
Cross
,
Jerusalem
,
and
all
the
Cities
which
he
had
taken
after
the
Battle
of
Tyberias
.
Saladin
,
who
was
obliged
to
turn
his
Arms
against
the
Son
of
Noradin
,
who
attempted
to
take
from
him
Mesopotamia
,
was
willing
to
consent
to
these
very
Terms
,
provided
that
the
Kings
should
assist
him
against
his
Enemies
in
Person
with
thirty
thousand
Men
;
nay
he
was
contented
that
it
should
be
done
by
their
Lieutenants
,
and
with
fewer
Troops
,
to
which
he
would
join
his
,
provided
,
they
would
serve
him
one
Year
.
But
whether
the
two
Kings
judged
it
unworthy
of
their
Majesty
,
which
they
thought
must
suffer
an
Abasement
in
serving
an
Infidel
,
;
or
that
the
Son
of
Noradin
on
the
other
side
solliciting
them
to
joyn
with
him
against
Saladin
,
They
believed
that
by
such
a
favourable
diversion
they
should
be
able
with
Ease
to
take
from
him
all
those
Cities
,
they
absolutely
refused
these
Conditions
.
And
therefore
they
began
now
more
furiously
than
ever
to
attack
the
City
,
in
one
of
which
Assaults
,
Alberic
Clement
Mareschal
of
France
,
after
he
had
already
gained
the
Walls
was
slain
in
the
City
.
year
1191
That
which
was
of
mighty
Service
to
the
Besiegers
was
,
that
a
disguised
Christian
,
who
was
in
the
Town
,
and
who
was
one
of
the
Council
,
gave
them
frequent
Advertisement
by
Letters
,
which
he
threw
into
the
Camp
,
of
all
the
Resolutions
,
which
were
taken
by
the
Sarasins
;
so
that
all
their
Enterprises
being
discovered
,
were
rendred
ineffectual
;
but
this
Important
Service
was
never
recompensed
,
in
regard
the
Intelligencer
could
never
be
known
after
the
taking
of
the
City
,
which
was
at
last
constrained
to
surrender
.
For
on
the
one
hand
Saladin
who
was
obliged
to
retire
,
had
sent
to
them
to
make
the
best
Terms
they
could
;
on
the
other
,
there
was
no
more
Expectation
of
Succour
for
them
by
the
Sea
where
the
Christians
were
absolute
Masters
;
and
the
French
who
by
prodigious
Labour
,
had
drawn
their
Mines
to
the
very
Foundations
of
the
Wicked
Tower
,
and
the
eleventh
of
July
had
overthrown
all
the
Walls
,
and
were
just
now
ready
to
set
Fire
to
the
Wooden
Pillars
which
supported
it
;
therefore
the
sive
Admirals
or
Emirs
,
who
commanded
the
Garrisons
,
Caracos
,
Mesiock
,
Helsedin
,
Limathos
,
and
Jordic
,
hung
out
a
Flag
of
Parley
;
and
after
having
treated
with
the
Commissioners
,
of
the
two
Kings
,
the
next
morning
the
Agreement
was
perfected
in
these
Articles
.
That
they
should
immediately
surrender
the
place
with
all
the
Gold
,
Silver
and
Moveables
,
the
Ammunition
,
Arms
and
Provisions
which
were
in
it
,
without
retaining
any
thing
to
themselves
more
than
their
wearing
Apparel
.
That
they
should
procure
from
Saladin
the
true
Cross
,
together
with
all
the
Christians
,
which
he
detained
Captives
,
and
that
he
should
pay
to
the
two
Kings
one
hundred
thousand
of
those
pieces
of
Gold
which
were
called
Besans
,
from
the
Name
of
Constantinople
otherwise
called
Bysance
,
where
they
were
minted
with
the
Effigies
of
the
Greek
Emperor
;
that
in
Expectation
of
the
Performance
of
the
Treaty
,
they
with
the
whole
Garrison
should
remain
Prisoners
at
War
;
and
that
if
Saladin
did
not
in
forty
days
accomplish
these
Articles
,
they
should
be
wholly
at
the
Discretion
of
the
two
Kings
,
who
should
dispose
of
their
Lives
and
Liberties
as
they
should
judge
convenient
.
Thus
was
the
City
of
Ptolemais
or
Acre
taken
at
the
last
by
the
Christians
,
after
one
of
the
longest
and
most
memorable
Sieges
which
have
been
ever
seen
,
and
with
the
loss
of
as
many
brave
men
as
might
have
conquered
all
Asia
;
for
besides
an
Infinite
Number
of
Soldiers
,
Gentlemen
and
great
Lords
,
Germans
,
English
,
Italians
,
Flemings
and
Levantines
who
perished
during
the
Siege
,
either
by
the
Malady
,
or
by
the
frequent
Combats
which
happened
.
The
French
lost
there
,
a-among
the
Persons
of
the
greatest
Quality
,
the
Counts
Thibaud
de
Chartres
and
de
Blois
,
Stephen
de
Sancerre
,
John
de
Vendome
,
Rotrou
de
Perche
,
Erard
de
Brienne
,
Raoul
de
Clermont
.
Gilbert
de
Tilieres
,
the
Count
de
Ponthieu
,
the
Viscounts
de
Turenne
and
de
Castillane
,
Alberic
Clement
Mareschal
of
France
,
Adam
the
Great
Chamberlain
,
the
Lords
jocelin
de
Montmorency
,
Guy
de
Chastillon
,
Florem
de
Augest
Bernard
de
St.
Valery
,
Enguerand
de
Fiennes
,
Gautier
de
Moy
,
Geoffry
de
la
Briere
,
Anselm
de
Montreal
,
Guy
de
Dane
,
Hugh
de
Hoiry
,
Raoul
de
Fougeres
,
Eudes
de
Goness
,
Raoul
de
Hauterive
,
and
Renaud
de
Magni
,
all
whose
Names
I
have
found
among
the
Writers
of
those
times
,
and
which
I
thought
my self
obliged
by
no
means
to
suppress
;
but
that
in
this
History
the
Reader
may
receive
the
Pleasure
of
finding
among
his
Ancestors
,
by
consulting
the
Pedigree
,
some
of
these
Illustrious
men
,
whose
glorious
Memory
ought
to
be
an
Eternal
Honor
to
those
Houses
who
have
descended
from
them
.
The
City
being
taken
,
the
Kings
according
to
their
Treaty
divided
all
the
Booty
equally
between
them
,
as
also
the
Prisoners
and
the
Houses
.
The
Cardinal
Bishop
of
Verona
,
Legat
of
the
Holy
See
,
the
Archbishop
of
Tyre
and
Pisa
,
the
Bishops
of
Beavais
,
Chartres
d'
Eureux
,
Bayonne
,
Salisbury
and
Tripolis
,
solemnly
re-dedicated
the
Churches
,
which
the
Sarasins
had
turned
into
Mosches
.
There
were
also
assigned
to
the
Venetians
,
Genoeses
,
Pisans
,
to
the
Knights
of
the
Temple
and
those
of
the
Hospital
the
Quarters
and
Rights
which
they
were
to
possess
in
the
City
of
Acre
,
and
in
truth
every
thing
passed
peaceably
and
in
good
Order
,
except
that
King
Richard
,
who
too
easily
suffered
himself
to
be
transported
by
his
Natural
Violence
and
Choler
,
committed
two
Actions
,
of
surious
Madness
,
one
of
which
proved
afterwards
very
dangerous
to
himself
,
and
the
other
presently
to
the
poor
Christians
,
which
happened
thus
,
at
the
same
time
that
the
French
had
overthrown
the
Walls
adjoyning
to
the
Wicked
Tower
,
year
1191
and
were
ready
to
force
the
Place
,
and
that
the
Besieged
found
themselves
necessitated
to
capitulate
,
before
the
surrender
,
Leopold
,
Duke
of
Austria
,
who
attacked
a
quarter
on
the
opposite
part
had
seized
upon
another
Tower
,
and
had
there
planted
his
Standard
,
which
stood
there
after
the
Reduction
of
the
City
.
Richard
,
who
for
other
Matters
was
exasperated
against
Leopold
,
in
regard
that
as
well
as
the
rest
of
the
Germans
he
had
been
of
Philip's
.
Party
,
took
this
occasion
to
be
revenged
of
him
,
as
if
he
had
usurped
upon
the
Authority
of
the
two
Kings
,
and
therefore
caused
the
Standard
to
be
taken
down
by
plain
Force
,
and
being
torn
in
pieces
and
trampled
under
Foot
he
caused
it
to
be
thrown
into
the
Kennel
,
by
the
most
insupportable
of
all
Affronts
that
could
be
given
to
a
Prince
who
loved
Glory
.
The
Germans
who
were
naturally
jealous
of
the
Honor
of
their
Nation
,
and
incapable
of
bearing
,
I
do
not
say
,
such
a
horrible
Injury
as
this
was
,
but
even
the
Shadow
of
being
contemned
,
had
not
failed
instantly
to
do
themselves
reason
by
their
Arms
,
which
they
presently
took
against
the
English
;
but
Leopold
who
was
altogether
as
brave
,
but
something
a
better
Dissembler
than
King
Richard
,
chose
rather
for
a
time
to
respite
his
Vengeance
,
which
he
hoped
to
find
a
more
fit
occasion
for
,
where
he
should
not
be
blamed
by
induring
the
pain
of
this
Affront
for
doing
greater
Mischiefs
to
the
Christian
Affairs
,
which
must
needs
suffer
much
by
a
Civil
War
,
and
which
in
a
few
days
following
did
suffer
extremely
by
another
cruel
Effect
of
the
Violent
Nature
of
this
Prince
.
For
seeing
that
Saladin
persisted
in
refusing
to
satisfie
the
Articles
of
the
Capitulation
,
which
the
Besieged
had
on
his
Behalf
ratified
,
he
conceived
such
a
Despight
,
that
he
Inhumanly
caused
the
Heads
of
above
five
thousand
Prisoners
which
fell
to
his
Share
,
to
be
cut
off
.
Nor
could
he
be
diswaded
from
it
,
by
the
Consideration
of
so
many
Christian
Captives
,
to
whom
Saladin
as
he
had
menaced
caused
the
same
measure
to
be
given
,
by
a
kind
of
cruel
Reprisal
,
the
blame
of
which
is
always
laid
upon
him
who
begins
.
And
certainly
it
hath
always
been
seen
,
that
these
dangerous
Examples
,
which
are
given
to
an
Enemy
in
the
time
of
War
,
which
he
always
believes
he
hath
a
Right
to
render
the
like
measure
,
for
the
Security
of
his
own
People
,
have
always
been
condemned
by
others
who
have
had
the
Occasion
to
suffer
by
it
,
and
that
those
who
give
it
are
at
last
constrained
to
abstain
the
first
from
it
,
though
something
with
the
latest
,
and
after
it
hath
caused
the
Lives
of
so
many
unfortunates
,
as
have
perished
either
by
the
transports
of
the
one
or
the
Vengeance
of
the
other
.
As
for
King
Philip
who
was
more
moderate
,
he
used
his
with
more
humanity
and
contented
himself
to
leave
the
Prisoners
in
the
Hands
of
Marquis
Conrade
,
as
he
Passed
by
Tyre
in
his
return
from
the
Holy
Land
into
France
.
This
Prince
who
was
extreme
Wise
,
perceived
on
the
one
hand
that
Richard
,
become
now
more
Fierce
and
Violent
than
ever
,
after
the
taking
of
Acre
,
kept
no
sort
of
Measures
,
and
that
it
was
impossible
for
them
long
time
to
keep
in
any
Terms
of
Accord
;
and
on
the
other
,
perceiving
that
he
was
daily
infeebled
by
the
Distemper
into
which
he
was
again
relapsed
;
he
might
run
the
Hazard
of
dying
in
Palestine
,
without
being
able
to
do
any
Service
to
Christendom
;
and
that
in
the
mean
time
Advantage
might
be
taken
of
his
Absence
,
by
invading
the
Earldom
of
Flanders
,
which
ought
to
return
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
by
the
Death
of
Count
Philip.
He
made
this
to
be
most
civilly
represented
to
the
King
of
England
,
that
finding
by
the
increase
of
his
Distemper
,
he
was
like
to
be
rendred
incapable
to
serve
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
in
the
Holy
Land
,
he
judged
it
more
to
their
Advantage
,
that
one
single
Commander
should
finish
the
War
;
and
for
this
purpose
,
that
he
would
resign
all
wholly
to
his
Conduct
,
together
with
a
good
party
of
his
Army
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
.
He
added
also
,
that
to
take
from
him
all
manner
of
Pretext
which
he
might
have
to
complain
of
his
Departure
,
or
the
Fear
that
he
might
entertain
,
that
he
did
not
return
into
France
,
but
to
fall
upon
his
Dominions
there
during
his
Absence
,
he
assured
him
,
that
if
he
had
occasion
to
make
War
upon
him
,
it
should
not
be
till
the
Expiration
of
fourty
days
after
his
Return
.
After
which
,
having
left
five
hundred
Men
at
Armes
,
and
ten
thousand
Foot
,
with
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
some
Troops
which
he
lent
for
a
Year
to
the
Prince
of
Antioch
,
he
imbarcked
the
first
day
of
August
upon
thirty
Gallies
,
year
1191
with
the
remainder
of
his
Army
;
and
after
having
coasted
along
by
Syria
,
the
le●ser
Asia
,
Greece
,
Epirus
,
and
Calabria
,
from
time
to
time
,
making
such
Stays
by
the
Way
as
were
necessary
for
the
regaining
of
his
Strength
and
Health
,
he
went
to
pay
his
Devotions
at
Rome
.
There
he
was
received
with
all
imaginable
Honour
by
Pope
Celestin
the
III.
who
approving
of
his
Return
,
according
to
the
Custom
,
bestowed
upon
him
and
his
Followers
,
the
Palmes
and
the
Crosses
,
in
token
that
they
had
accomplished
their
Vow
.
From
thence
,
passing
by
Land
into
France
,
in
the
Month
of
December
he
arrived
at
Fountainbleau
,
and
from
thence
he
repaired
to
St.
Dennis
,
where
prostrating
himself
before
the
Altar
of
the
Holy
Martyrs
,
he
offered
his
Royal
Robe
,
and
gave
solemn
Thanks
to
Almighty
God
,
who
had
delivered
him
from
so
many
Dangers
as
he
had
run
by
Sea
and
Land
,
and
had
at
last
happily
reconducted
him
into
his
own
Kingdom
.
This
was
the
Conclusion
of
this
holy
Enterprise
of
Philip
the
August
,
and
as
one
may
say
absolutely
,
that
it
was
very
Fortunate
,
by
the
Reduction
of
the
City
of
Acre
;
so
it
is
most
certain
,
that
it
had
been
much
greater
,
if
it
had
been
performed
by
his
single
Forces
;
for
being
composed
of
the
very
Flower
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
of
France
,
and
conducted
by
the
most
Wise
and
Valiant
King
of
that
time
,
they
might
without
Difficulty
have
Triumphed
over
Saladin
,
if
the
Conjunction
of
a
most
potent
Rival
had
not
infeebled
them
by
than
unhappy
Division
which
his
haughty
,
jealous
,
and
ambitious
Humour
occasioned
among
them
.
But
in
short
,
this
is
generally
the
Fatality
which
accompanies
such
kind
of
Unions
,
which
being
made
among
differing
States
and
Princes
for
some
common
End
,
usually
by
the
growing
of
Discords
among
themselves
,
terminate
in
the
intire
Ruin
of
those
united
Sentiments
and
Designs
;
there
being
nothing
so
Improsperous
,
especially
in
the
Affairs
of
War
,
as
want
of
a
good
Understanding
and
Concord
among
Confederates
,
which
in
reallity
is
seldom
,
if
ever
,
to
be
expected
from
the
multitude
of
Coordinate
Captains
,
which
must
needs
produce
Differences
and
Oppositions
first
in
point
of
Opinion
,
and
afterwards
by
necessary
Consequence
,
in
the
very
Union
it self
.
But
in
this
time
King
Richard
,
who
was
now
the
sole
Commander
of
the
Christian
Army
in
Syria
and
Palestine
,
proved
not
much
more
Fortunate
in
the
end
of
his
Enterprise
,
by
reason
that
he
was
so
continually
agitated
by
the
Tempests
of
his
own
violent
and
tumultuous
Passions
,
that
he
was
difficultly
at
any
Agreement
with
himself
,
but
was
become
even
his
own
Rival
:
For
on
the
one
hand
,
his
Ambition
,
and
love
of
Glory
,
mingled
with
some
Remains
of
Piety
and
Religion
,
transported
him
vigorously
towards
the
pushing
forward
his
Conquests
against
Saladin
,
and
above
all
,
to
take
Jerusalem
,
which
was
the
main
End
of
this
Crusade
;
on
the
other
,
the
Jealousie
of
State
,
and
the
Fear
of
the
Armes
of
Philip
,
whom
in
his
Conscience
,
he
knew
to
be
most
justly
Exasperated
against
him
,
the
Distrust
which
he
had
of
the
French
which
were
left
behind
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
the
great
Friend
of
the
Marquis
the
Prince
of
Tyre
,
his
mortal
Enemy
,
and
above
all
,
his
Avarice
,
which
was
his
ruling
Passion
,
and
the
Covetousness
of
drawing
immense
summs
of
Money
from
the
Sarasin
Nobility
,
whom
he
detained
Prisoners
,
and
from
Saladin
himself
,
who
continualy
sollicited
him
for
a
Peace
;
all
these
Passions
put
him
into
great
Discomposures
of
Mind
,
and
he
was
under
very
strong
Temptations
of
making
some
Truce
with
the
Sarasins
,
and
passing
immediately
into
Europe
.
But
it
must
be
said
to
the
Glory
of
this
King
,
who
doubtless
was
one
of
the
bravest
of
his
Age
,
that
at
length
his
most
no●●e
Passion
,
which
was
the
Love
of
Glory
,
and
it
may
be
also
,
that
which
he
had
for
the
good
of
Religion
prevailed
over
the
rest
,
and
in
Conclusion
,
carried
him
to
the
War
,
which
he
recommenced
in
the
most
glorious
manner
in
the
World
.
He
employed
some
six
Weeks
in
repairing
the
Breaches
of
Acre
,
and
in
refreshing
his
Army
,
which
after
the
Retreat
of
Marquis
Conrade
,
and
almost
all
the
Italians
,
and
many
other
Crusades
,
whom
either
Poverty
or
Weariness
,
or
Discontent
,
caused
to
forsake
this
lingring
War
,
yet
consisted
in
above
one
hundred
thousand
Men.
After
which
,
towards
the
latter
end
of
August
,
he
began
to
move
,
and
took
the
right
hand
along
the
Sea
Coast
,
to
selve
upon
such
maritim
Places
as
Saladin
had
caused
to
be
dismantled
.
The
Fleet
constantly
plyed
along
the
Coast
with
them
,
year
1190
to
furnish
them
with
Provisions
,
but
he
had
also
on
his
left
hand
the
Army
of
Saladin
,
who
coasted
along
the
Mountains
,
to
molest
him
by
continual
Skirmishes
in
his
March
,
and
to
watch
some
favourable
Opportunity
to
give
him
Battle
upon
any
notable
Advantage
;
and
upon
the
seventh
of
September
,
the
Infidel
thought
he
had
found
the
lucky
Moment
at
the
Pass
of
a
River
,
which
dischargeth
it self
into
the
Sea
near
Antipatris
.
For
Saladin
,
who
had
above
three
hundred
thousand
Men
in
his
Army
,
had
divided
them
into
three
Bodies
,
one
of
which
was
posted
on
this
side
the
River
,
to
oppose
the
Passage
of
the
Christians
;
another
was
ranged
on
the
further
Bank
,
to
the
intent
that
if
the
first
Body
should
be
broaken
,
they
might
be
ready
to
charge
such
as
should
attempt
to
pass
the
River
;
Saladin
himself
with
the
third
,
which
was
by
much
the
greatest
,
and
composed
of
the
choicest
of
all
his
Troops
,
kept
himself
in
the
Coverture
of
the
Mountains
on
the
left
of
the
Christian
Army
,
ready
to
fall
upon
the
Rereguard
,
at
such
time
as
the
Van
should
be
ingaged
with
his
other
Troops
in
disputing
the
Pass
of
the
River
.
King
Richard
,
who
had
stayed
some
days
at
Cesarea
,
as
well
to
refresh
his
Army
,
as
to
repair
the
Ruines
of
that
Place
,
no
sooner
came
within
View
of
the
River
,
but
that
he
saw
it
on
both
sides
imbanked
with
his
Enemies
,
he
resolved
therefore
to
give
them
Battle
;
both
in
regard
there
was
no
stopping
to
loose
the
Pass
,
nor
no
retreating
without
manifest
Danger
of
being
surrounded
,
and
put
into
some
Disorder
by
retireing
.
Now
as
he
marched
always
in
Battalia
,
for
fear
of
being
surprized
,
his
Army
was
instantly
drawn
into
such
Order
as
was
convenient
.
The
Valiant
James
d'
Avesnes
that
day
commanded
the
Van
,
with
what
remained
of
the
Danes
,
Brabanters
,
Flemings
,
and
Hollanders
.
The
King
led
the
Body
of
the
Battle
,
where
were
the
English
,
the
Normans
,
the
Poiteuins
,
the
Gascons
,
and
the
Levantine
Troops
;
near
his
Person
was
the
Young
Henry
Count
of
Champagne
,
his
Nephew
,
who
to
the
Prejudice
of
what
he
owed
to
King
Philip
his
Soveraign
,
who
was
also
his
Uncle
;
this
young
Prince
being
born
of
the
Sister
of
the
King
,
the
Daughter
of
Queen
Eleonor
and
Lewis
the
Young
,
was
intirely
devoted
to
King
Richard
.
The
Rereguard
was
commanded
by
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
General
of
the
French
Army
,
who
was
accompanied
by
the
Templers
and
the
German
Troops
,
who
followed
Leopold
the
Archduke
of
Austria
,
who
never
abandoned
the
French
,
but
were
most
strictly
united
with
them
during
this
Crusade
.
So
soon
as
the
Armies
came
within
View
,
which
was
about
Noon
,
the
Combat
was
not
long
deferred
;
For
James
d'
Avesnes
,
who
was
one
of
the
bravest
and
most
prudent
Captains
of
his
Age
,
charged
so
furiously
upon
the
first
Squadrons
of
the
Enemies
,
who
were
posted
on
this
side
the
River
,
that
he
broak
into
them
twice
,
overturning
and
killing
all
that
opposed
his
Passage
:
But
being
transported
with
the
heat
of
his
Courage
,
as
he
returned
to
the
third
Charge
,
followed
but
by
a
few
,
in
comparison
of
that
fearful
Number
of
those
who
succeeded
in
the
place
of
the
broaken
Squadrons
,
he
received
a
terrible
Blow
with
a
Scymiter
,
which
cut
off
his
Leg
;
notwithstanding
which
he
sustained
himself
by
the
force
of
his
invincible
Courage
,
and
failed
not
still
to
fight
and
to
Slay
on
the
right
and
the
left
,
all
such
as
durst
venture
within
the
reach
of
his
dreadful
Sword
,
till
at
last
,
that
also
with
the
Sword
fell
by
another
unfortunate
Blow
of
the
Scymiter
,
whereupon
those
cowardly
Infidels
fell
upon
him
,
and
by
a
thousand
Wounds
gave
him
a
glorious
Death
,
after
he
had
opened
the
Way
to
Victory
by
that
Carnage
which
he
had
made
of
the
most
daring
of
the
Sarasins
,
and
by
the
Flight
of
the
more
Cowardly
.
For
Richard
,
who
sustained
him
,
and
who
heard
him
a
moment
before
his
Death
,
cry
out
aloud
,
Brave
King
,
come
and
revenge
my
Death
,
all
in
Fury
at
his
Fall
,
entred
at
the
Breach
which
this
illustrious
Deceased
had
made
,
and
fell
in
like
a
Thunderclap
among
the
thickest
of
the
Enemies
,
where
the
Flemings
,
mad
even
to
dispair
to
have
lost
their
General
,
already
made
a
dreadful
Slaughter
among
them
,
that
unable
to
stand
the
dreadful
Shock
,
they
turned
their
Backs
,
and
fled
amain
towards
the
Mountains
to
save
themselves
.
So
that
the
Bank
being
on
this
side
cleared
of
the
Enemies
,
this
valiant
Prince
,
without
giving
the
couragious
English
leave
to
cool
one
Moment
,
threw
himself
into
the
River
,
which
at
this
time
was
but
very
low
,
and
drawing
by
his
Example
,
all
his
Battail
after
him
,
and
the
Vanguard
,
who
now
had
no
other
General
,
year
1191
he
advanced
towards
that
great
Body
of
Sarasins
,
who
pretended
to
defend
the
other
Bank
.
This
he
did
with
so
much
Resolution
,
that
they
had
not
the
Considence
to
expect
him
,
but
instantly
dispersed
themselves
and
fled
,
the
King
not
offering
to
put
himself
to
the
trouble
to
pursue
them
;
so
that
finding
himself
Master
of
both
the
Banks
of
the
River
,
where
no
Enemy
appeared
,
he
believed
he
was
in
perfect
Possession
of
a
compleat
Victory
,
when
he
found
himself
mistaken
,
and
perceived
at
a
great
Distance
on
the
other
side
of
the
River
,
a
prodigious
Cloud
of
Dust
,
mingled
with
Darts
and
Arrows
,
which
might
be
seen
sly
from
all
Quarters
,
as
also
one
might
hear
a
confused
noise
of
the
Instruments
of
War
,
the
cryes
of
Men
,
and
the
neighing
of
Horses
:
This
was
occasioned
by
the
greatest
part
of
the
Army
of
the
Sarasins
,
commanded
by
Saladin
himself
,
who
descending
from
the
Mountains
into
the
Plain
,
had
surrounded
the
Arrere-guard
,
which
he
believed
was
at
too
great
a
distance
to
be
secured
by
the
main
Battle
:
For
Saladin
,
who
was
a
great
Captain
,
had
cut
them
off
so
much
to
his
Advantage
,
and
had
them
so
in
the
plain
Field
,
that
he
promised
himself
an
assured
Victory
,
and
doubted
not
but
he
should
certainly
either
cut
them
in
pieces
,
or
force
them
to
surrender
at
Descretion
.
But
he
quickly
found
that
he
had
to
do
with
People
who
were
Masters
in
the
Trade
of
War
,
who
having
without
any
Confusion
,
ranged
themselves
into
four
Battalions
,
sustained
on
the
right
and
left
by
what
Cavalry
they
had
,
formed
the
Face
of
a
Battle
every
way
,
and
with
little
Loss
sustained
all
the
Efforts
of
the
Sarasins
,
who
believed
themselves
already
Conquerours
,
till
such
time
as
Richard
advertised
of
the
Danger
of
these
gallant
Men
,
quickly
repassing
the
River
,
came
running
at
full
Speed
to
their
Assistance
.
Then
it
was
,
that
for
some
time
the
Combat
began
to
be
more
surious
and
bloody
than
it
was
before
,
the
two
Kings
by
their
Voice
and
Gesture
,
but
much
more
by
their
Example
,
animating
their
Souldiers
to
aspire
to
Victory
.
For
after
having
done
all
that
could
be
expected
from
two
of
the
most
able
Captains
in
the
World
,
Providing
against
all
Events
,
giving
out
necessary
Orders
,
and
themselves
in
the
Charge
giving
the
the
first
Blows
,
it
happened
that
in
the
Rencounter
,
knowing
each
other
by
those
Marks
which
distinguished
them
from
the
rest
,
they
both
hit
upon
the
same
thought
,
and
each
of
them
believing
he
had
sound
an
Enemy
worthy
of
himself
,
and
whom
with
honour
he
might
combat
,
both
as
a
Souldier
and
a
King
;
they
both
believed
that
the
general
Victory
would
depend
upon
their
particular
Encounter
,
and
that
he
whom
Fortune
should
declare
her
Favourite
,
would
not
fail
of
having
the
Glory
of
singly
obtaining
the
Victory
.
So
both
of
them
,
at
the
same
time
,
charging
his
Arm
with
a
strong
Lance
,
they
furiously
ran
one
against
the
other
,
and
being
both
of
them
most
Stout
and
Valiant
Men
,
admirably
mounted
,
and
animated
with
an
ardent
desire
of
Glory
,
wherein
Hatred
had
the
least
Share
,
the
Shock
was
extreme
Rude
and
Violent
,
their
Lances
flew
into
a
thousand
Splinters
,
and
Richard
was
something
disordered
with
the
mighty
Blow
which
he
received
,
but
he
had
managed
his
Lance
with
so
much
Adress
and
Force
,
that
he
overthrew
both
Horse
and
Man
upon
the
Ground
:
This
raised
a
mighty
Shout
from
both
the
Armies
,
as
if
Saladin
had
been
slain
;
and
the
Sarasins
came
tumbling
in
Shoals
about
him
,
so
thick
,
either
to
relieve
him
if
alive
,
or
to
carry
him
off
if
he
were
dead
,
that
Richard
,
who
was
approaching
with
his
Sword
,
advanced
to
finish
his
Victory
,
was
constrained
to
let
it
fall
upon
less
considerable
Enemies
,
of
whom
he
made
a
most
horrible
Slaughter
,
for
their
interposing
betwixt
him
and
Glory
.
Saladin
,
the
goodness
of
whose
Armes
had
saved
his
Life
,
sorely
bruised
in
Body
,
and
tormented
with
the
Shame
of
his
Fall
,
being
mounted
upon
a
fresh
Horse
,
did
by
his
speedy
Flight
prevent
a
worse
Destiny
,
and
left
the
Christians
in
possession
of
a
cheap
and
perfect
Victory
.
For
seeing
that
a
great
part
of
his
Men
,
frightned
by
the
Belief
they
had
that
he
was
slain
,
had
already
found
their
Heels
,
and
that
the
rest
being
altogether
in
Confusion
and
Disorder
,
retreated
before
the
Enemy
,
he
thought
now
no
longer
of
any
thing
but
how
to
save
himself
,
and
after
him
the
whole
Army
thought
it
no
Disgrace
to
make
the
best
hast
they
could
from
Death
and
Danger
,
which
followed
them
closely
at
the
Heels
.
Thus
the
Christian
Army
remained
Victorious
on
all
sides
,
year
1191
and
with
so
great
a
loss
of
the
Enemies
,
that
what
in
the
Battle
,
and
what
in
the
Pursuit
,
above
fourscore
thousand
of
them
were
slain
,
and
among
them
thirty
two
Emirs
were
found
among
the
Dead
on
the
Field
of
the
Battle
;
so
great
a
Victory
cost
the
Christians
but
a
very
few
private
Soldiers
,
and
not
one
Man
of
Condition
,
except
the
valiant
James
d'
Avesne
,
who
was
slain
at
the
beginning
of
the
Battle
of
the
Vanguard
.
But
it
must
be
said
,
that
if
King
Richard
knew
how
to
vanquish
in
this
famous
Day
,
with
all
the
Glory
which
can
be
gained
upon
a
like
Occasion
,
he
had
Hanibal's
Misfortune
,
not
to
have
the
Art
to
make
Advantage
of
his
Victory
:
For
if
instead
of
amusing
himself
with
Rebuilding
the
Maritim
Towns
,
which
Saladin
had
ruined
,
which
might
have
been
more
commodiously
done
at
another
Season
,
he
had
marched
straight
to
Jerusalem
,
most
assuredly
he
might
have
taken
it
without
Resistance
,
by
reason
that
Saladin
was
fled
among
the
Mountains
,
and
those
who
were
left
there
for
the
Defence
of
the
Place
,
not
being
able
to
hope
to
be
Relieved
,
and
fearing
to
meet
with
the
same
Measure
,
which
those
who
had
so
obstinately
defended
Acre
,
would
scarcely
have
had
the
Courage
to
defend
it
against
him
.
But
whether
it
were
his
Prosperity
,
and
the
excessive
Joy
,
with
which
so
great
a
Victory
had
disturbed
his
Mind
,
which
made
him
incline
to
tast
the
Pleasure
of
being
so
great
a
Conqueror
,
or
whether
it
were
,
that
after
having
done
very
well
,
one
naturally
loves
to
take
the
more
easy
part
,
and
not
to
hazard
that
Glory
which
one
hath
already
acquired
;
certain
it
is
,
that
this
is
a
Fault
with
which
almost
in
all
Ages
,
one
hath
occasion
to
reproach
the
greatest
Captains
;
and
it
is
observable
,
that
most
frequently
they
have
lost
the
Opportunity
of
finishing
a
War
,
by
attacking
,
after
great
Success
,
the
Enemy
,
and
following
the
fortunate
Blow
which
they
had
given
.
Thus
King
Richard
,
after
so
fair
a
Victory
,
lost
the
rest
of
the
Year
in
re-building
and
re-peopling
the
Maritim
Towns
,
and
especially
Jaffa
,
whither
he
caused
the
two
Queens
to
come
;
and
where
in
that
time
he
ran
a
far
greater
Danger
than
he
he
had
done
in
besieging
of
Jerusalem
.
One
Day
as
he
was
hunting
,
he
with
five
or
six
of
his
Gentlemen
,
fell
into
a
great
Ambuscade
of
the
Sarasins
,
where
he
had
been
infalibly
taken
and
lead
Captive
to
Saladin
,
if
one
of
the
Lords
who
accompanied
him
,
whose
Name
was
William
de
Pourcellets
,
a
Gentleman
of
Provence
,
who
was
wholly
devoted
to
his
Service
,
had
not
done
an
Action
which
History
ought
to
recommend
to
Posterity
,
as
a
most
illustrious
Example
of
that
inviolable
Fidelity
which
Servants
owe
to
their
Masters
,
and
much
more
Subjects
to
their
Soveraigns
,
though
to
the
hazard
of
their
Lives
:
For
seeing
the
King
,
who
valiantly
defended
himself
with
mighty
Blows
of
his
Sword
,
in
danger
to
be
taken
,
or
slain
,
as
already
four
of
the
Company
were
,
who
lay
extended
upon
the
Grass
at
their
Masters
Feet
,
he
cried
out
in
the
Language
of
the
Sarasins
,
I
am
the
King
:
Whereupon
,
all
of
them
desirous
to
have
a
share
in
the
taking
of
so
great
a
King
,
ran
to
him
,
and
gave
King
Richard
the
liberty
to
save
himself
,
whilest
without
regarding
any
others
,
they
all
fell
with
Precipitation
upon
him
whom
they
took
for
the
King
.
Saladin
,
who
had
nothing
of
the
Barbarian
in
his
Conduct
,
acting
like
a
generous
Prince
,
treated
his
Prisoner
according
to
the
merit
of
so
brave
an
Action
:
And
King
Richard
for
his
part
,
failed
not
to
recompence
him
with
Honours
proportionable
to
his
Deserts
,
for
he
gave
in
Exchange
for
him
ten
of
the
greatest
and
richest
Noblemen
among
his
Prisoners
,
to
manifest
the
Esteem
which
he
had
for
this
brave
Man
,
whom
alone
he
valued
at
the
rate
of
ten
Princes
,
for
whose
Ransoms
he
might
have
expected
very
great
Riches
and
Treasures
.
This
was
the
Glory
,
which
by
his
Virtue
,
this
gallant
Man
acquired
for
himself
whilest
living
,
and
which
dying
he
bequeathed
to
his
illustrious
House
,
which
to
this
day
preserves
its
Lustre
,
and
maintains
its
Rank
among
the
most
Ancient
and
the
most
Noble
of
Provence
.
All
this
time
Saladin
ceased
not
to
lay
all
the
Country
Wast
,
and
thereby
to
take
away
all
manner
of
Subsistence
from
the
Christians
;
as
also
to
ruine
all
the
Cities
of
Palestine
except
Jerusalem
and
two
or
three
strong
Fortresses
;
whilest
Richard
unprofitably
wasted
his
time
in
rebuilding
those
Places
,
which
being
demolished
,
could
give
no
trouble
to
his
principal
Design
.
He
also
suffered
himself
to
be
amused
by
a
Treaty
of
Peace
,
extremely
Advantageous
to
him
,
which
Saphadin
the
Brother
of
Saladin
pretended
to
negotiate
between
them
,
year
1191
by
which
he
proposed
to
the
King
to
relinquish
to
him
all
the
Country
on
this
side
Jordan
to
the
Sea
,
provided
that
Ascalon
,
which
was
to
be
demolished
,
should
appertain
to
neither
Party
.
These
Offers
seemed
so
Advantageous
to
Richard
who
was
already
imbroiled
with
the
French
under
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
that
he
was
very
much
disposed
to
conclude
with
Saphadin
.
But
at
length
he
perceived
that
he
was
deluded
,
and
that
the
Barbarian
,
more
cunning
than
honest
,
had
not
begun
this
Negotiation
but
to
gain
time
,
and
to
throw
him
upon
the
Winter
.
He
thereupon
fell
into
an
extreme
Rage
,
and
as
Rage
is
one
of
the
worst
of
Councellors
,
which
puts
Men
upon
acting
without
any
certain
Rules
or
Measures
,
to
satisfy
this
inpetuous
Passion
,
he
blindly
followed
its
Conduct
,
and
at
that
unseasonable
time
of
the
Year
undertook
the
Siege
of
Jerusalem
,
which
if
he
had
consulted
Reason
,
he
ought
to
have
done
,
and
might
happily
have
effected
it
,
three
or
four
Months
before
.
year
1192
He
went
therefore
with
Precipitation
enough
in
the
Month
of
January
,
with
the
whole
Army
,
already
much
diminished
by
the
departure
of
many
of
the
Crusades
,
who
were
displeased
with
his
Delays
of
Peopling
,
Planting
,
and
Rebuilding
,
in
which
he
consumed
the
Summer
,
and
passing
by
Rama
,
which
Saphadin
in
his
Retreat
had
demolished
,
he
advanced
within
three
or
four
Leagues
of
Jerusalem
.
All
the
Souldiers
witnessed
an
excessive
Joy
,
to
find
themselves
within
View
of
that
City
,
where
they
hoped
shortly
to
worship
before
the
Sacred
Sepulchre
of
Jesus
Christ
,
so
great
an
Assurance
had
they
of
the
Victory
.
But
when
the
Counsel
was
assembled
,
the
Passion
of
King
Richard
being
something
cooled
,
and
the
Matter
debated
in
cold
Blood
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
Captains
adjudged
that
the
Enterprise
was
too
rash
to
hope
that
it
should
Prosper
.
There
it
was
remonstrated
,
That
the
Town
was
very
Strong
,
and
well
provided
,
that
Saladin
was
there
in
Person
with
the
choicest
of
his
Troops
,
not
at
all
doubting
but
that
there
he
was
in
a
Condition
of
Security
,
as
Affairs
then
stood
,
the
Season
being
such
,
that
an
Army
could
not
possibly
undertake
a
Siege
,
without
putting
themselves
,
against
all
the
Rules
of
Art
and
War
,
into
a
most
manifest
Danger
of
being
Ruined
;
That
in
effect
,
the
Country
being
intirely
ruined
by
the
Wast
,
which
Saladin
had
made
,
there
was
not
Subsistence
to
be
found
for
one
single
day
for
the
Army
;
and
that
it
being
in
the
deep
of
Winter
,
there
was
no
probability
of
getting
Provision
by
the
Sea
.
And
for
that
extraordinary
Ardor
which
the
Soldiers
shewed
,
it
ought
to
be
suspected
,
by
reason
that
one
might
well
fear
,
that
so
soon
as
they
had
visited
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
they
would
quit
Palestine
to
return
into
their
respective
Countries
,
aand
abandon
the
new
Conquests
to
the
Sarasins
,
who
would
then
easily
recover
what
had
been
taken
from
them
.
And
for
these
Reasons
,
It
was
concluded
to
defer
the
Siege
till
the
Spring
should
be
advanced
,
and
in
the
mean
time
to
continue
the
Fortification
of
the
places
which
had
been
Demolished
,
and
above
all
,
the
City
of
Ascalon
,
which
was
infinitely
Commodious
,
for
hindring
the
Succours
which
might
come
to
the
Enemy
out
of
Egypt
,
and
to
receive
such
as
might
arrive
for
the
Assistance
of
the
Crusades
out
of
Europe
.
This
Resolution
was
no
sooner
taken
than
it
was
put
in
Execution
,
though
with
an
unconceivable
Displeasure
to
the
Souldiers
,
and
above
all
to
the
French
,
who
openly
murmured
against
Richard
,
whom
they
did
not
stick
to
accuse
of
having
a
secret
Understanding
with
Saladin
.
They
said
boldly
,
That
Saladin
had
never
shut
himself
within
the
Walls
of
Jerusalem
,
if
he
had
not
been
very
well
assured
that
he
had
nothing
to
fear
from
such
an
obliging
Enemy
.
And
that
without
all
question
,
he
was
ready
,
had
the
Army
but
once
faced
it
,
to
quit
the
Place
,
and
that
the
Garrison
would
either
quickly
have
followed
him
,
or
have
Surrendred
,
fearing
to
be
abandoned
by
him
,
like
those
who
so
bravely
defended
Acre
,
to
the
Descretion
and
Mercy
of
the
Vanquisher
.
But
however
it
were
,
so
soon
as
the
Army
came
to
Rama
,
a
great
part
of
it
disbanded
,
the
most
of
the
French
retiring
to
Jaffa
,
Tyre
,
and
Acre
;
but
this
did
not
hinder
King
Richard
to
pursue
the
Resolution
which
had
been
taken
,
to
go
and
fortify
Ascalon
,
whither
he
went
acompanied
with
the
Count
de
Champagne
,
his
Nephew
,
who
continued
always
constantly
faithful
to
him
.
The
Dukes
of
Burgundy
and
Austria
also
went
thither
with
him
,
but
it
was
not
long
before
they
left
him
;
the
Austrian
,
because
he
was
afresh
unworthily
,
as
he
thought
,
treated
by
him
,
for
refusing
to
take
one
part
of
the
Town
to
Fortify
,
year
1192
which
caused
him
,
with
all
his
Germans
,
to
retire
into
his
own
Country
;
the
Burgundian
,
because
having
desired
him
to
lend
him
some
Money
for
the
payment
of
his
Troops
,
he
briskly
refused
him
in
Terms
very
disobliging
,
which
caused
the
Duke
,
who
before
had
no
great
Kindness
for
King
Richard
,
to
carry
away
the
rest
of
the
French
to
Acre
;
in
a
little
time
after
which
,
there
happened
an
Accident
which
occasioned
a
mighty
Change
in
the
Face
of
Affairs
.
The
Pisans
and
the
Genoese
,
to
whom
Quarters
were
assigned
in
that
City
,
and
who
had
for
a
long
time
quarrelled
each
other
,
came
at
last
to
open
Hostilities
,
and
in
the
Fray
had
committed
great
Slaughters
one
upon
the
other
.
The
Genoese
,
who
had
always
joyned
with
the
French
,
in
taking
part
with
the
Marquis
Conrade
,
called
him
in
to
their
Assistance
;
but
the
King
of
England
,
to
whose
Service
the
Pisans
were
devoted
,
came
so
expeditiously
with
his
Army
to
their
Succour
,
that
Conrade
,
who
was
already
incamped
before
the
Town
,
finding
himself
too
weak
to
make
any
Resistance
,
was
constrained
to
draw
off
again
to
Tyre
.
And
within
a
few
days
after
,
about
the
end
of
April
,
as
the
Marquis
returned
from
the
Bishop
of
Beauvais
,
who
had
treated
him
at
a
Dinner
,
he
was
slain
in
the
open
Street
by
two
Assassins
of
the
Old
Man
of
the
Mountain
:
The
Prince
so
called
was
Lord
of
a
little
Estate
situated
in
the
Mountains
of
Phoenicia
,
between
Tortosa
and
Tripolis
,
which
consisted
in
ten
Castles
,
built
upon
most
inaccessible
Rocks
,
and
in
some
few
Towns
,
which
stood
in
the
most
fair
and
delicate
Valleys
which
lay
among
these
Mountains
.
These
People
,
who
from
a
Persian
Word
were
called
Assissins
or
Capyciens
,
consisted
in
about
sixty
thousand
Souls
,
who
came
from
the
Confines
of
Persia
near
Babylon
,
some
four
or
five
hundred
Years
before
,
about
such
time
as
the
Arabians
,
the
Successors
of
Mahomet
,
rendred
themselves
Masters
of
the
East
,
and
having
possessed
themselves
of
these
Mountains
,
whose
Avenues
they
had
rendred
inaccessible
,
they
had
so
well
fortified
them
,
that
till
this
very
time
they
had
maintained
their
Liberty
independent
from
either
the
Caliphs
,
the
Sultans
,
or
the
Kings
of
Jerusalem
.
Their
Prince
was
Elective
,
who
took
no
other
Name
but
that
of
the
Ancient
,
or
the
Old
Man
,
as
a
Mark
not
of
his
Age
,
but
of
his
Authority
and
Power
.
And
indeed
that
was
so
great
,
and
he
was
so
obeyed
by
his
Subjects
,
that
there
was
no
manner
of
Danger
to
which
they
did
not
freely
expose
themselves
in
the
Execution
of
his
Commands
,
tho
the
most
unjust
and
barbarous
in
the
World
,
even
to
throwing
themselves
headlong
from
any
Precipice
,
upon
the
least
signification
that
such
was
his
Pleasure
.
So
much
power
had
this
false
Belief
upon
their
Spirit
,
which
they
had
by
Tradition
received
from
their
Ancestors
,
and
in
which
they
took
great
Care
to
Educate
their
Children
,
that
by
dying
in
this
manner
,
in
Executing
without
Exception
or
Difference
,
what
was
commanded
them
by
the
Ancient
,
they
should
pass
imediately
to
the
injoyment
of
a
Life
infinitely
Happy
in
the
Heavens
.
So
that
when
he
sent
them
to
the
Court
of
any
Prince
,
either
Christian
or
Sarasin
,
who
had
disobliged
him
,
with
a
Command
to
dispatch
him
,
there
was
no
sort
of
Disguise
or
Artifice
,
no
manner
of
Treachery
which
they
would
not
make
use
of
,
to
perform
his
execrable
Commands
,
without
ever
flinching
at
the
most
cruel
Torments
,
which
they
might
expect
to
Suffer
;
and
in
the
midst
of
which
,
they
would
manifest
a
certain
Pleasure
,
that
they
had
with
Fidelity
acquitted
themselves
of
their
Commission
.
It
is
certainly
very
strange
,
that
the
Princes
who
had
so
much
Interest
to
exterminate
such
a
pernicious
Nation
,
should
so
long
time
permit
them
,
not
only
to
have
a
Being
,
but
looking
upon
them
as
it
were
,
as
Masters
of
their
Lives
,
by
the
Fear
which
they
had
of
these
Assassins
,
they
made
them
continual
Presents
,
thereby
to
gain
their
Favour
to
permit
them
to
live
.
For
never
any
except
the
Templers
,
were
so
bold
as
once
to
offer
to
attack
them
;
but
they
valiantly
set
upon
them
,
entred
their
Country
,
and
obliged
them
to
pay
the
yearly
Tribute
of
two
thousand
Crowns
,
to
secure
their
Villages
from
being
Plundred
;
but
in
this
Prosperity
of
their
Armes
,
they
did
an
Action
so
Base
and
Wicked
,
as
diservedly
drew
upon
them
the
Hatred
and
the
Curse
of
God
and
Men.
For
during
the
Reign
of
Amauri
King
of
Jerusalem
,
the
Old
Man
of
the
Mountain
,
who
was
a
Man
of
Sense
,
having
compared
the
Gospel
with
the
Alcoran
,
sent
to
let
that
King
Understand
,
that
he
with
all
his
People
,
were
ready
to
embrace
the
Christian
Religion
,
provided
that
at
the
same
time
,
year
1192
that
he
was
received
into
the
Liberty
of
the
Children
of
God
by
Baptism
,
he
might
also
be
freed
from
that
Tribute
which
he
was
constrained
to
pay
to
the
Templers
.
The
King
,
who
offered
to
make
the
Templers
an
Equivalent
to
the
loss
they
might
hereby
sustain
,
made
no
doubt
,
but
that
they
would
with
Joy
receive
a
Proposition
so
advantageous
to
all
Christians
,
but
especially
to
Princes
,
who
had
always
reason
to
fear
all
things
from
these
Desperadoes
;
but
Avarice
,
which
had
already
begun
to
corrupt
that
Order
,
,
so
far
blinded
them
,
that
one
of
the
Knights
,
upon
whom
the
great
Master
would
never
permit
Justice
to
be
done
,
assassinated
the
Ambassadour
,
who
was
come
to
propose
a
Condition
so
just
and
reasonable
.
This
so
exasperated
these
People
,
that
they
became
more
obstinate
in
their
Mahometanism
,
more
Enemies
to
the
Christians
,
and
more
Assassins
than
ever
they
had
been
before
.
It
was
for
such
a
kind
of
Injustice
that
these
two
Russians
murdered
the
Marquis
Conrade
,
Prince
of
Tyre
,
for
a
ship
loaden
with
rich
Merchandise
which
belonged
to
a
Subject
of
the
Old
man
of
the
Mountain
being
forced
by
a
Tempest
to
put
into
the
Port
of
Tyre
,
the
Marquis
caused
her
to
be
seized
,
and
put
the
Master
of
her
to
death
for
complaining
of
the
Injustice
which
was
done
him
.
The
Prince
of
the
Assassins
sending
to
demand
Satisfaction
and
Restitution
of
the
Ship
and
Goods
,
and
Reparation
for
the
Death
of
his
Subject
the
Marquis
made
a
laughing
matter
of
it
at
the
first
,
but
upon
a
Second
demand
,
he
commanded
one
of
the
Envoys
,
to
be
thrown
into
the
Sea
.
This
so
incensed
the
old
man
,
that
he
sent
two
of
his
Devotes
to
Tyre
,
who
there
counterfeited
to
renounce
Mahometanism
and
got
themselves
baptized
the
better
to
cover
and
enable
them
to
execute
their
Treason
;
After
some
time
they
found
means
to
get
into
the
Marquis
his
Retinue
,
and
ordinarily
to
attend
him
wherever
he
went
;
and
hereby
obtained
an
Opportunity
of
stabbing
him
as
he
returned
from
Dinner
from
the
Bishop
of
Beauvais
;
and
though
they
were
put
to
the
most
exquisite
Torments
which
could
be
suffered
,
and
roasted
alive
,
yet
would
they
never
accuse
any
Person
,
or
confess
who
it
was
that
set
them
on
to
commit
such
a
horrible
Murther
.
There
were
some
however
who
failed
not
to
suspect
King
Richard
,
who
was
known
to
be
his
declared
Enemy
,
and
the
report
was
so
strong
that
it
was
written
to
King
Philip
the
August
,
and
he
was
assured
that
this
Prince
with
whom
he
had
had
such
great
differences
,
had
hired
the
Old
man
of
the
Mountain
to
commit
this
Assassinate
upon
the
Marquis
.
There
cannot
indeed
be
too
much
Precaution
to
preserve
the
Sacred
Persons
of
Kings
upon
which
depends
the
Welfare
of
their
Dominions
;
and
upon
this
occasion
,
Philip
took
Guards
about
his
Person
,
to
protect
himself
from
a
like
Treason
,
and
such
damnable
Attempts
.
But
neither
History
nor
Historian
ought
so
far
to
take
the
particular
part
either
of
Princes
or
Nations
,
as
to
disingage
himself
of
that
Duty
which
he
owes
to
truth
;
and
for
the
Interest
I
have
in
that
,
I
think
my self
obliged
tosay
,
That
though
King
Richard
neither
loved
King
Philip
nor
the
Marquis
yet
nevertheless
he
was
,
not
at
all
culpable
of
these
horrid
Crimes
of
which
some
have
with
so
much
Injustice
and
so
little
Truth
accused
him
,
and
endeavoured
to
blacken
his
Memory
.
And
indeed
the
Prince
of
the
Mountains
did
in
a
short
time
after
wholly
justisie
and
acquit
him
of
this
suspicion
,
by
the
Testimony
of
his
Authentick
Letters
,
wherein
he
declared
the
true
cause
of
this
Murther
of
the
Marquis
,
according
to
the
manner
which
I
have
before
recounted
.
And
one
ought
with
Truth
to
avow
,
that
considering
the
Natural
Humour
and
Inclination
of
King
Richard
,
he
could
not
be
capable
of
so
black
a
Treason
;
for
although
he
was
extreme
Violent
,
Impetuous
and
mighty
Impatient
of
Injuries
and
Affronts
,
yet
he
had
a
great
and
generous
Soul
,
and
made
Profession
openly
and
like
a
Gallant
man
to
attack
such
as
he
believed
he
ought
to
esteem
his
Enemies
,
and
was
never
known
to
have
recourse
to
base
and
Ignominous
Ways
of
taking
his
Revenge
.
And
this
great
Courage
not
only
taught
him
to
despise
all
these
false
Reports
,
but
also
to
draw
all
those
advantages
which
an
able
Polititian
could
make
of
such
an
untoward
Accident
,
in
the
baseness
whereof
he
knew
he
had
no
share
.
For
he
managed
the
matter
so
well
,
that
without
much
difficulty
he
perswaded
the
Princess
Isabella
,
the
Widow
of
Marquis
Conrade
,
to
marry
Henry
Count
of
Champagne
,
to
whom
in
regard
of
his
Adherence
to
him
,
year
1191
he
was
resolved
at
his
return
to
leave
all
that
remained
to
the
Christians
of
the
Holy
Land
,
the
Promise
which
he
made
to
the
Princess
to
make
her
Queen
of
Jerusalem
by
the
Exclusion
of
Guy
of
Lusignan
,
was
the
thing
she
most
passionately
desired
,
was
the
most
powerful
reason
to
induce
her
to
this
Marriage
.
Nor
was
it
difficult
for
him
to
make
good
his
Promise
,
in
regard
that
on
the
one
hand
Count
Henry
was
extremely
beloved
by
the
great
men
of
the
Country
,
who
had
no
manner
of
kindness
for
Lusignan
;
and
on
the
other
that
he
promised
him
in
Exchange
for
a
Kingdom
,
which
was
almost
wholly
lost
,
to
give
him
that
of
Cyprus
,
provided
he
payed
to
the
Templers
a
certain
Summ
of
Money
for
which
he
had
engaged
it
to
them
.
This
despoiled
Prince
,
whose
Fortune
absolutely
depended
upon
his
Protector
,
willingly
received
this
Offer
;
so
that
shortly
after
,
the
Marriage
was
celebrated
between
the
Count
du
Champain
and
the
Princess
Isabella
,
who
from
that
time
took
upon
her
the
Title
of
the
Queen
of
Jerusalem
,
although
Henry
out
of
Modesty
would
pretend
to
nothing
higher
than
that
of
Prince
.
Thus
all
the
Forces
of
the
Realm
being
united
by
this
Accomodation
,
Richard
put
himself
at
the
Head
of
them
,
and
began
the
Champaign
early
in
the
Month
of
June
,
by
the
Siege
of
Darum
which
he
took
in
four
days
,
being
one
of
the
strongest
Fortresses
which
Saladin
had
;
and
after
the
taking
of
several
other
places
of
less
Importance
,
which
he
put
into
the
Hands
of
his
Nephew
,
he
returned
to
Ascalon
,
where
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
joyned
him
with
the
French
Troops
under
his
Command
.
After
which
to
save
his
Reputation
,
and
that
it
might
not
appear
to
have
been
his
Fault
that
Jerusalem
was
not
taken
,
he
seemed
resolved
to
besiege
and
take
it
in
good
Earnest
,
which
caused
a
mighty
joy
throughout
the
Army
,
which
seemed
to
breath
nothing
but
the
consummating
of
that
glorious
Enterprise
.
For
this
purpose
he
parted
from
Ascalon
,
and
advanced
to
Bethanopolis
between
Jaffa
and
Jerusasalem
,
to
the
same
place
where
he
was
posted
before
,
when
he
had
a
former
Design
of
besieging
the
City
.
When
he
arrived
there
he
understood
that
a
Part
of
the
Army
of
the
Sarasins
,
was
encamped
behind
the
neighbouring
Mountains
,
with
a
Design
to
fall
upon
him
,
when
he
should
be
about
making
his
Lodgements
;
whereupon
he
went
and
briskly
fell
upon
them
,
and
that
with
so
much
Fury
and
so
little
Expectation
,
that
he
cut
the
greatest
part
of
them
in
pieces
,
and
put
the
rest
to
Flight
,
taking
all
their
Baggage
,
and
so
returned
loaden
with
Booty
to
the
Camp
;
whilest
this
happened
news
was
brought
him
,
that
the
Caravan
of
Egypt
guarded
with
above
ten
thousand
men
with
all
sorts
of
Munitions
for
the
Relief
of
Jerusalem
,
was
advancing
thither
and
at
no
great
distance
;
whereupon
taking
five
thousand
Horse
,
he
marched
upon
the
Eve
of
St.
John
Baptist
to
surprize
them
and
charged
them
so
Impetuously
,
that
after
having
slain
the
greatest
part
of
the
Convoy
,
with
the
loss
of
not
above
seventeen
or
eighteen
Horsemen
,
and
dissipated
the
rest
,
he
took
betwixt
four
and
five
thousand
Camels
,
and
an
Infinite
Number
of
other
Beasts
of
Burden
,
charged
with
Gold
,
Silver
and
precious
Merchandises
,
not
only
for
Necessity
but
delight
,
such
as
come
from
the
Indies
by
the
Arabian
Gulph
to
Egypt
.
And
this
great
Booty
he
destributed
liberally
among
the
Army
without
reserving
any
thing
for
himself
which
was
more
then
ever
he
had
done
in
all
the
former
Battles
which
he
had
gained
.
And
in
Truth
it
seemed
very
resonable
that
,
after
two
such
great
Victories
,
and
the
taking
of
such
a
rich
Convoy
,
the
taking
of
Jerusalem
could
not
be
a
thing
to
be
doubted
;
but
the
Joy
which
possessed
the
whole
Army
which
with
incredible
Ardor
undertook
that
Enterprise
,
was
presently
after
changed
into
an
Excessive
Grief
,
when
the
Resolution
of
returning
to
Ascalon
was
declared
to
them
,
as
the
Advice
of
twenty
Captains
whom
Richard
had
chosen
to
deliberate
concerning
the
Siege
of
Jerusalem
,
whilest
he
marched
to
attack
the
Caravan
.
For
they
all
concluded
,
that
the
Siege
was
not
by
any
means
fit
to
be
undertaken
;
alledging
many
weak
and
feeble
reasons
,
but
concealing
the
true
ones
upon
which
it
was
grounded
,
which
was
that
the
King
of
England
,
had
strongly
resolved
to
return
to
his
own
Dominions
;
and
that
all
which
he
had
done
was
but
to
amuse
the
World
and
to
make
a
shew
,
as
if
he
would
besiege
Jerusalem
,
For
he
had
received
advice
two
several
times
,
after
Easter
by
two
Expresses
from
England
,
that
his
Brother
John
,
having
by
force
displaced
and
driven
out
of
the
Realm
,
the
Bishop
of
Ely
his
Chancellor
,
year
1192
and
the
Principal
Officers
of
the
Crown
,
manifestly
intended
to
make
himself
King
;
he
was
also
assured
that
he
was
powerfully
protected
by
the
King
of
France
,
who
was
ready
by
force
to
take
Vexin
,
because
it
was
refused
to
be
surrendred
to
him
,
according
to
the
Articles
of
Messina
.
Richard
who
was
extreme
hasty
,
would
have
immediately
imbarked
himself
,
leaving
to
the
Count
de
Champagne
,
with
the
Places
in
Palestine
,
three
hundred
men
at
Arms
,
and
two
thousand
English
Foot
,
together
with
the
Forces
of
the
Country
for
his
Defence
.
But
a
certain
Ecclesiastick
,
a
very
able
man
,
who
was
near
his
Person
,
and
in
whom
he
reposed
very
much
Confidence
,
perswaded
him
to
deferr
his
Departure
for
a
little
time
,
that
so
he
might
save
his
Honor
,
by
making
some
Movement
by
which
the
World
might
be
perswaded
that
it
was
not
his
Fault
that
Jerusalem
was
not
taken
;
and
upon
this
Account
it
was
,
that
he
did
all
that
is
before
mentioned
,
and
that
he
would
have
those
twenty
Captains
of
whom
he
was
very
well
assured
,
determine
the
Affair
concerning
the
Siege
of
Jerusalem
,
who
by
no
means
approved
it
;
but
urged
,
that
it
was
much
better
to
continue
the
Fortifications
of
Ascalon
and
Gaza
,
which
were
the
two
Keys
of
the
Realm
towards
Egypt
,
and
by
that
means
to
secure
themselves
from
the
Attempts
of
Saladin
,
before
they
undertook
the
Siege
of
the
Capital
City
.
So
that
Richard
seemed
only
to
deferr
it
upon
the
Opinion
of
so
many
knowing
men
who
were
chosen
from
among
the
Templers
and
Knights
of
the
Hospital
,
the
Lords
of
the
Country
,
and
several
of
those
who
come
from
Europe
;
after
which
he
declared
publickly
,
that
since
it
was
judged
inconvenient
at
that
time
to
attempt
the
Siege
of
Jerusalem
,
he
would
there
leave
thee
Count
de
Champagne
his
Nephew
to
undertake
it
in
due
time
;
and
that
for
himself
he
was
obliged
to
return
to
defend
his
Dominions
,
against
such
as
laid
hold
of
this
Advantage
of
his
Absence
to
Enterprize
against
him
and
to
invade
them
.
It
is
impossible
to
express
the
Mischief
which
this
Imprudent
Declaration
occasioned
,
which
he
did
before
he
had
perfected
his
Treaty
,
with
Saladin
which
was
then
a
Foot
;
for
Saladin
seeing
the
Danger
he
was
in
to
lose
all
,
was
contented
to
have
some
and
to
yield
the
rest
to
the
Christians
,
upon
most
advantageous
Conditions
:
But
so
soon
as
he
perceived
that
he
had
nothing
to
fear
from
that
quarter
,
and
that
upon
Richard's
resolving
to
depart
,
the
whole
Army
would
Instantly
disband
;
he
held
so
firm
and
fierce
,
that
a
Truce
in
such
a
manner
as
he
pleased
,
was
all
that
could
be
gained
from
him
;
a
Truce
unworthy
of
the
Reputation
and
Courage
of
a
King
of
England
.
the
Army
of
the
Crusades
being
herewith
most
furiously
inraged
,
and
almost
mad
,
to
see
themselves
robbed
of
the
Glory
of
delivering
the
Holy
Sepulchre
of
Jesus
Christ
,
which
they
had
with
so
much
Danger
,
come
so
far
to
search
after
,
disbanded
of
its
one
accord
,
the
greatest
part
of
them
thinking
now
of
nothing
but
returning
into
their
own
Country
,
bestowing
a
thousand
Curses
upon
King
Richard
,
whom
they
accused
more
than
ever
,
to
have
assassinated
the
Prince
of
Tyre
,
to
have
attempted
against
the
Life
of
Philip
the
August
,
and
sold
the
Holy
Land
to
Saladin
,
with
whom
he
held
a
Correspondence
.
Richard
by
the
Grandeur
of
his
Soul
and
his
Natural
Courage
,
gave
himself
no
manner
of
trouble
,
for
what
was
the
Effect
of
Rage
and
Anger
,
and
the
Malicious
pleasure
,
which
men
take
to
speak
Evil
of
those
whom
Fortune
or
Merit
have
elevated
above
them
or
what
they
spoak
so
outragiously
against
his
Conduct
in
this
War
;
and
,
indeed
in
a
short
time
after
he
made
it
evident
by
a
most
glorious
Action
,
that
this
last
Accusation
was
as
great
a
Calumny
as
the
two
former
.
For
as
he
arrived
at
Acre
,
where
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
with
the
French
,
were
also
come
to
give
order
for
their
Return
,
he
received
advice
that
Saladin
,
understanding
that
the
Christian
Army
was
broken
up
,
had
laid
Siege
to
Jaffa
;
Upon
this
news
he
rallied
all
the
Troops
he
could
,
and
dividing
them
into
two
Bodies
,
he
gave
one
to
the
Count
de
Champagne
,
with
Orders
to
march
by
Land
,
and
with
the
other
he
himself
went
by
Sea
,
with
the
choice
Lords
of
the
French
and
Flemings
who
would
follow
him
upon
this
great
occasion
.
Those
who
manifested
the
greatest
Ardour
,
and
whom
among
others
he
chose
to
be
near
his
Person
,
were
Gauchier
de
Chastillon
,
who
had
lost
his
Brother
in
the
Siege
of
Acre
.
the
Counts
of
Cleves
,
and
Limbourg
,
the
Baron
of
Stanford
,
Valeran
de
Luxenburg
,
Guy
de
Montfort
,
Bartholomew
de
Mortemar
,
Raoul
de
Mauleon
,
William
de
L'
Estang
,
Andrew
de
Savigni
,
Henry
de
Nevile
,
Dreux
de
Mello
,
and
William
de
Barres
.
He
was
for
some
time
stayed
by
contrary
Winds
,
and
did
not
arrive
,
till
precisely
the
Evening
of
that
day
,
wherein
those
who
had
retired
into
the
Castle
,
after
the
taking
of
the
City
,
had
promised
to
surrender
,
if
they
were
not
before
that
time
relieved
.
The
Sarasins
seeing
him
coming
,
had
put
themselves
in
Battalia
,
upon
the
Bank
to
hinder
his
Descent
;
and
the
greatest
part
looking
upon
such
an
Attempt
as
impossible
,
advised
the
King
to
return
:
But
this
undaunted
Prince
,
perceiving
that
the
Castle
yet
held
out
,
causing
his
Shallop
to
row
close
to
the
Shoar
,
was
the
first
that
leapt
into
the
Sea
,
and
drew
the
rest
after
him
,
rather
by
the
extreme
Danger
to
which
they
saw
him
expose
himself
,
than
by
the
Force
of
such
a
brave
Example
;
and
after
he
had
routed
the
Sarasins
who
fled
instantly
amazed
at
his
prodigious
Boldness
,
he
stormed
the
Town
by
the
same
Breaches
which
they
had
made
,
and
cutting
in
pieces
those
who
besieged
the
Castle
;
he
constrained
Saladin
with
the
remainder
of
his
Troops
,
to
retire
in
great
disorder
to
the
Mountains
,
But
this
was
not
all
;
for
three
days
after
,
seven
thousand
chosen
men
of
the
most
brave
of
all
Saladin's
Army
,
thinking
to
surprize
him
early
in
the
Morning
in
his
Quarters
while
he
was
asleep
,
taking
the
Alarm
he
so
quickly
rallied
what
Troops
of
Infantry
could
be
gotten
together
on
the
sudden
,
and
formed
them
so
well
into
a
square
Battalion
,
that
they
durst
never
so
much
as
approach
him
;
for
he
had
so
ranged
his
men
,
that
between
every
Pike
,
who
kneeled
with
one
knee
upon
the
Ground
,
two
Cross-Bows
were
placed
,
one
of
which
charged
the
Cross-Bows
,
whilest
the
other
let
fly
the
Mortal
Arrows
among
them
without
ceasing
;
and
at
last
seeing
the
Enemies
disordered
by
the
great
Showers
of
those
dreadful
forked
Arrows
,
and
that
they
did
nothing
but
wheel
about
his
Battalion
which
had
a
Front
every
way
,
he
by
an
excess
of
Courage
,
or
rather
Temerity
threw
himself
on
Horse-Back
into
the
midst
of
his
Enemies
,
although
he
had
not
with
him
above
ten
Lords
,
who
were
mounted
as
he
was
,
the
Cheif
of
which
were
the
Count
de
Champagne
,
the
Earl
of
Leicester
,
Bartholomew
Mortemar
,
Raoul
de
Mauleon
,
Andrew
de
Savigni
,
William
de
L'
Estang
,
and
Henry
de
Nevile
.
There
he
did
shew
the
Prodigies
of
Valour
with
those
Generous
Lords
,
who
by
his
Example
combated
like
so
many
inraged
Lyons
.
He
relieved
Robert
,
Earl
of
Leicester
,
who
happened
to
be
dismounted
;
he
cut
off
the
Arms
of
those
who
had
seized
upon
the
Lord
Mauleon
to
make
him
Prisoner
;
his
Sword
like
Lightning
flew
every
way
,
carrying
Death
and
Terror
along
with
it
among
his
Enimies
,
and
at
last
seeing
the
General
who
commanded
the
Sarasins
,
who
was
animating
his
men
to
the
Combat
,
and
reproached
them
of
Cowardice
to
suffer
such
a
handful
to
triumph
over
them
,
he
ran
up
to
him
and
with
a
mighty
Blow
of
his
Falchion
cut
off
his
Head
and
right
Arm
close
by
the
Shoulder
,
so
that
he
fell
dead
among
the
Horses
Feet
.
This
dreadful
Blow
so
terrified
the
Sarasins
,
that
they
durst
not
come
near
him
,
but
attacked
him
at
a
distance
with
their
Arrows
;
so
that
at
last
weary
of
their
Slaughter
he
returned
to
his
Camp
,
the
Caparison
of
his
Horse
being
bristled
with
the
Enemies
Arrows
of
whom
he
left
seven
hundred
Extended
upon
the
Earth
without
having
lost
any
more
then
two
of
his
Men.
In
truth
such
a
Noble
and
Heroick
Action
,
made
it
most
apparent
that
there
was
no
manner
of
Understanding
between
him
and
Saladin
,
against
whom
,
if
there
had
,
certainly
he
would
never
have
fought
with
such
apparent
Hazard
of
his
Person
to
drive
him
out
of
Jaffa
,
after
he
had
taken
it
.
But
all
this
did
not
hinder
,
but
that
Saladin
,
who
saw
very
well
that
Richard
,
who
was
fallen
sick
after
this
Combat
,
was
not
only
resolved
but
necessitated
to
return
into
Europe
,
obliged
him
in
Conclusion
to
accept
of
a
Truce
with
such
Conditions
as
he
was
pleased
to
give
,
as
if
he
had
been
the
Conqueror
.
They
were
these
.
That
the
Christians
should
demolish
all
the
places
which
they
had
siezed
upon
,
since
the
taking
of
Acre
,
and
above
all
Ascalon
.
That
all
the
Coast
from
Tyre
to
Jaffa
,
should
be
in
the
Power
of
the
Christians
,
that
the
rest
should
remain
in
the
Possession
of
Saladin
,
except
Ascalon
,
which
upon
the
Expiration
of
the
Truce
,
should
fall
to
his
Share
who
should
then
be
most
potent
;
year
1192
and
that
Richard
should
be
satisfied
from
him
for
the
Expences
which
he
had
been
at
in
the
Fortifications
of
that
Place
.
That
during
the
Truce
,
which
was
to
begin
at
Easter
,
in
the
following
Year
,
and
to
continue
for
three
Years
,
three
Months
,
three
Weeks
,
and
three
Days
,
the
Christians
should
have
liberty
,
in
small
numbers
,
freely
to
enter
into
Jerusalem
,
to
make
there
their
Devotions
at
the
Holy
Sepulchre
.
Thus
this
great
Crusade
,
wherein
all
the
Forces
of
Germany
,
France
and
England
were
employed
under
three
of
the
greatest
Princes
of
the
Universe
,
against
one
single
Conqueror
,
ended
,
at
last
,
in
nothing
more
than
the
Taking
of
one
poor
Town
,
which
cost
the
Lives
of
an
infinite
number
of
brave
Men
;
the
least
part
of
which
,
if
they
had
been
under
the
Command
of
one
single
Captain
,
might
with
ease
have
conquered
the
whole
Eastern
Empire
.
But
it
is
never
to
be
expected
,
or
hoped
,
but
that
Hatred
,
Envy
,
Ambition
,
Jealousie
of
State
,
and
Diversity
of
Interests
,
which
never
fail
to
happen
among
plurality
of
Commanders
,
should
ever
suffer
these
kind
of
Unions
to
continue
firm
or
long
:
And
it
would
be
a
kind
of
Prodigy
,
if
they
should
not
,
according
to
their
nature
,
produce
those
Divisions
and
Animosities
,
which
alone
,
without
the
Assistance
of
other
Mischiefs
,
are
capable
of
ruining
the
greatest
Enterprises
,
and
the
bravest
Armies
:
Whereas
one
single
Chief
,
with
far
less
number
,
shall
certainly
triumph
over
the
greatest
Multitude
,
leagued
against
him
,
provided
he
hath
but
Patience
to
permit
Discords
to
enter
into
the
Camp
of
the
Confederates
,
and
will
but
give
them
leave
to
overthrow
themselves
.
The
Truce
being
signed
,
Richard
,
who
found
himself
still
worse
in
the
unwholsom
Air
of
Jaffa
,
caused
himself
to
be
removed
to
Caiphas
;
where
Saladin
,
who
had
naturally
a
generous
Soul
,
sent
to
visit
him
,
with
great
Marks
of
Affection
,
Esteem
and
Respect
:
He
also
very
obligingly
received
the
Bishop
of
Salisbury
at
Jerusalem
,
who
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Pilgrims
,
went
thither
,
to
offer
the
Vows
of
the
King
,
who
still
continued
much
indisposed
in
his
Health
.
And
after
he
had
most
courteously
entertained
that
Prelate
,
he
obliged
him
to
demand
what
Favour
lay
in
his
Power
;
and
promised
,
he
would
grant
it
.
Whereupon
the
Bishop
requested
,
that
,
not
only
in
the
Church
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
but
those
of
Nazareth
and
Bethlehem
,
there
might
be
permitted
to
remain
two
Latin
Priests
,
and
two
Deacons
,
with
freedom
publickly
to
celebrate
Divine
Service
in
those
places
:
to
which
Saladin
without
any
difficulty
,
according
to
his
Word
,
accorded
.
After
this
,
the
King
,
finding
his
Health
in
some
measure
re-established
,
repaired
to
Acre
,
where
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
was
dead
of
the
Distemper
,
some
eight
Days
before
his
Arrival
:
There
he
caused
his
Fleet
to
be
rigged
,
upon
which
he
embarked
the
two
Queens
,
with
the
greatest
part
of
his
Forces
;
who
,
not
long
after
,
happily
arrived
in
England
:
And
about
the
beginning
of
October
,
he
also
departed
,
with
the
Displeasure
of
having
on
one
side
concluded
a
Truce
,
most
inglorious
and
disadvantageous
to
the
Christians
;
and
on
the
other
,
with
the
Honour
and
Pleasure
,
at
his
parting
,
to
have
bestowed
two
Kingdoms
,
that
of
Jerusalem
,
which
was
a
very
piteous
one
,
but
yet
a
Kingdom
,
upon
the
Count
de
Champagne
,
his
Nephew
;
and
that
of
Cyprus
,
which
he
had
conquered
,
upon
Guy
de
Lusignan
,
in
which
House
it
continued
two
hundred
and
eighty
Years
.
Thus
it
was
that
King
Richard
left
the
Holy
Land
,
with
a
Promise
to
these
two
Princes
,
that
,
upon
the
Expiration
of
the
Truce
,
he
would
return
with
more
powerful
Forces
;
and
to
persuade
the
World
that
this
Resolution
of
his
was
in
serious
Earnest
,
he
continued
still
to
wear
the
Pilgrim's
Cross
upon
his
Habit.
As
for
the
rest
,
his
natural
Impatience
and
Temerity
made
him
commit
two
mighty
Faults
,
which
rendred
his
Return
very
unfortunate
.
For
first
,
Whereas
he
ought
to
have
embarked
himself
like
a
great
King
,
upon
a
gallant
Fleet
,
that
so
he
might
return
with
Security
,
and
the
same
Magnificence
with
which
he
came
,
he
satisfied
himself
with
one
great
Ship
,
in
which
he
might
easily
,
by
Sea
,
have
fallen
either
into
the
hands
of
Enemies
or
Pyrates
;
and
after
that
,
when
he
was
at
Corsu
,
perceiving
that
his
Vessel
was
a
Slug
,
and
made
no
Way
,
he
threw
himself
,
for
the
more
Expedition
,
into
a
Galliot
,
and
was
,
by
Tempest
,
driven
into
the
Gulph
of
Venice
,
where
he
was
shipwrack'd
between
that
place
and
the
City
Aquilea
;
and
having
run
a
thousand
Dangers
in
crossing
through
Germany
in
Disguise
,
year
1193
the
greatest
part
of
his
Followers
being
taken
Prisoners
by
the
Germans
,
who
pursued
him
,
and
laid
all
the
Passages
for
him
,
he
was
,
at
last
discovered
near
Vienna
,
by
the
Subjects
of
the
Duke
of
Austria
,
his
mortal
Enemy
,
who
made
him
Prisoner
,
and
treated
him
with
sufficient
Inhumanity
,
in
Revenge
of
the
old
Quarrel
before
Acre
;
and
after
some
time
he
delivered
him
into
the
hands
of
the
Emperor
Henry
VI.
This
Prince
,
to
cover
his
abominable
Avarice
,
which
made
him
so
unjustly
detain
this
King
,
only
to
draw
a
great
Ransom
from
him
,
made
his
publick
Pretence
,
that
all
this
was
to
do
Reason
for
what
Richard
had
done
to
his
Prejudice
in
Sicily
,
and
for
the
Assassinate
of
the
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
and
those
other
Crimes
of
which
he
had
been
accused
in
Palestine
.
But
Richard
,
who
was
naturally
cloquent
,
in
a
full
Diet
before
the
Princes
of
the
Empire
at
Spire
,
made
his
Innocence
so
evidently
appear
,
that
the
whole
Assembly
was
moved
for
him
,
even
to
Tears
,
and
intreated
the
Emperor
that
,
for
the
future
,
he
might
be
treated
like
a
King
;
which
the
Emperor
,
more
out
of
Shame
than
Honour
,
consented
to
.
Pope
Celestin
also
sollicited
by
the
Letters
of
Queen
Eleonor
,
which
were
all
in
the
Style
of
Peter
de
Blois
,
who
writ
them
;
and
by
the
Prayers
and
Intreaties
of
Gautier
Archbishop
of
Roan
,
and
the
Bishops
of
Normandy
;
who
,
upon
this
occasion
,
manifested
great
Ardor
and
Affection
for
the
Service
of
King
Richard
,
did
all
that
he
possibly
could
,
to
obtain
his
Liberty
.
He
proceeded
so
far
as
to
denounce
the
Anathema
against
the
Duke
of
Austria
,
for
daring
to
make
a
Prisoner
of
a
Pilgrim
,
expresly
contrary
to
an
Article
of
the
Crusade
,
which
denounces
Excommunication
against
such
as
should
attempt
any
thing
either
against
the
Persons
or
Estates
of
such
as
had
taken
upon
them
the
Cross
.
He
also
menaced
the
Emperor
to
interdict
all
his
Dominions
,
if
he
did
not
presently
release
this
prince
,
who
came
to
employ
his
Blood
and
his
Fortune
against
the
Infidels
,
and
over
whom
he
could
pretend
no
sort
of
Right
.
But
this
had
very
little
Effect
upon
the
Germans
,
who
,
for
a
long
time
,
had
been
accustomed
to
be
in
no
pain
for
the
Thunders
of
Rome
:
For
,
notwithstanding
all
these
Menaces
,
year
1194
poor
Richard
could
not
be
set
at
Liberty
,
till
,
after
above
a
Years
Imprisonment
,
he
payed
a
hundred
thousand
Marks
in
Silver
before
his
Releasment
,
and
left
fifty
Hostages
,
among
which
was
the
Archbishop
of
Roan
,
for
the
Payment
of
fifty
thousand
Marks
more
;
of
which
,
the
Duke
of
Austria
was
to
have
twenty
thousand
,
and
the
third
part
of
the
hundred
thousand
already
received
by
the
Emperor
.
So
that
,
to
raise
this
Sum
,
all
England
was
taxed
;
and
even
the
Chalices
and
consecrated
Vessels
were
forced
to
be
melted
down
and
coyned
.
So
far
was
this
Prince
,
who
was
falsly
accused
to
have
sold
Palestine
to
Saladin
,
from
making
any
Advantage
of
the
Crusade
,
that
it
is
most
certain
,
that
,
in
this
Expedition
he
spent
an
immense
Treasure
,
to
the
great
Impoverishment
of
himself
,
and
his
whole
Realm
.
But
as
he
had
not
made
this
Treaty
,
but
whilst
he
was
under
a
Force
and
Violence
,
therefore
,
so
soon
as
he
was
returned
into
England
,
he
sent
his
Ambassadors
to
the
Pope
,
to
demand
Justice
from
him
.
He
desired
of
him
,
that
since
,
by
virtue
of
the
Protection
of
the
Holy
See
,
it
was
promised
to
all
the
Crusade
,
that
their
Persons
and
Estates
should
be
free
from
Injuries
,
during
the
whole
time
of
their
Pilgrimage
,
that
he
would
,
by
all
sorts
of
Canonical
Ways
,
compel
the
Emperor
and
the
Duke
of
Austria
to
set
at
liberty
his
Hostages
,
to
restore
the
Money
which
they
had
so
unjustly
exacted
from
him
,
and
to
make
him
Satisfaction
for
the
cruel
Injury
which
they
had
done
him
,
contrary
to
all
the
Laws
,
both
Humane
and
Divine
.
Celestin
,
who
saw
that
the
Treaty
of
the
Crusade
,
which
was
universally
received
and
confirmed
,
without
Contradiction
,
was
manifestly
infringed
in
this
great
Article
,
could
not
refuse
to
do
him
Justice
.
He
therefore
,
according
to
the
Canons
,
caused
these
two
Princes
to
be
three
several
times
admonished
to
make
Satisfaction
in
these
Particulars
;
and
seeing
that
they
persisted
obstinately
to
deride
his
Threatnings
,
he
did
anew
denounce
the
Anathema
of
the
Church
,
first
against
Leopold
,
and
then
against
the
Emperor
,
with
all
the
usual
Solemnities
.
The
Duke
hereupon
became
more
obstinate
,
and
was
so
far
transported
,
as
to
threaten
the
Hostages
which
he
had
with
Death
.
But
it
was
not
long
before
all
the
World
believed
,
that
those
terrible
Scourges
with
which
the
Duke
was
chastised
,
and
that
deplorable
Accident
which
befel
him
,
year
1193
were
the
evident
Effects
of
the
Anger
and
Justice
of
God
Almighty
,
who
would
punish
his
Obstinacy
in
this
World
,
that
so
he
might
find
Mercy
in
the
next
.
And
,
in
truth
,
besides
that
many
of
his
Cities
were
destroyed
,
either
by
Fire
from
Heaven
,
or
by
the
Waters
of
the
Danubius
,
which
drowned
the
greatest
part
of
his
Country
,
in
which
Plague
and
Famine
made
a
horrible
Ravage
,
one
Day
,
when
he
had
made
a
magnificent
Entertainment
at
Gretz
,
to
celebrate
his
Birth-day
,
his
Horse
falling
upon
him
,
broke
his
Leg
;
after
which
,
a
Fire
in
such
furious
manner
seized
upon
the
Part
,
that
,
unable
to
endure
the
violence
of
the
pain
of
that
terrible
Inflammation
,
he
caused
it
to
be
cut
off
;
but
the
Inflammation
,
of
whose
Nature
the
Physicians
were
wholly
ignorant
,
mounted
from
his
Leg
,
to
his
Thigh
;
and
from
his
Thigh
,
expanding
its
Flame
through
his
whole
Body
,
he
then
acknowledged
that
it
was
the
Hand
of
God
which
was
upon
him
,
confessed
his
Fault
,
delivered
the
Hostages
of
King
Richard
,
became
a
Penitent
,
received
Absolution
from
the
Bishops
,
and
died
in
the
Peace
of
the
Church
,
after
he
had
,
by
his
last
Will
and
Testament
,
ordered
Restitution
to
be
made
to
Richard
,
King
of
England
,
of
all
the
Money
which
he
had
received
from
him
.
But
it
is
commonly
to
be
observed
,
that
these
kind
of
Restitutions
,
with
which
dying
Persons
charge
their
Executors
,
are
rarely
discharged
by
the
Living
:
And
Pope
Innocent
III.
who
succeeded
Celestin
,
had
not
a
little
trouble
with
the
Successors
of
Leopold
,
when
he
endeavoured
to
oblige
them
to
the
Performance
of
that
part
of
his
Will
,
the
difficulty
of
Restitution
persuading
them
against
the
Justice
of
it
.
But
as
to
any
thing
further
,
it
is
to
be
observed
,
that
neither
this
Leopold
,
nor
his
Successors
,
of
whom
I
discourse
,
were
at
all
related
to
those
Princes
who
,
at
present
,
possess
the
Title
of
Austria
;
that
Family
,
which
,
about
a
hundred
Years
after
,
entred
into
the
House
of
Hapsbourg
,
being
descended
from
the
House
of
Alsatia
,
from
which
,
that
August
Family
,
which
now
bears
the
name
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
derives
its
Original
.
In
this
time
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
of
the
East
remained
in
great
Tranquility
in
reference
to
the
Sarasins
,
who
willingly
maintained
a
Truce
which
was
so
extreamly
advantageous
to
them
,
and
which
gave
them
reason
to
hope
,
that
in
a
small
time
they
should
become
Masters
of
all
the
Remainder
of
Syria
:
But
they
happened
to
be
something
embroiled
,
by
a
kind
of
Civil
War
,
which
was
like
to
break
out
by
the
Treachery
of
Bohemond
,
the
third
of
that
Name
,
Prince
of
Antioch
.
For
,
being
a
Man
of
great
Ambition
,
little
Prudence
,
and
less
Power
to
support
it
,
he
had
recourse
to
unworthy
Artifices
and
Cheats
,
which
he
made
use
of
to
oppress
the
Armenian
Princes
,
his
Neighbours
,
whose
Power
and
Greatness
,
which
increased
every
day
,
gave
him
a
troublesom
Jealousie
.
He
had
,
by
these
Cowardly
ways
,
made
Rupin
of
the
Mountain
his
Prisoner
,
upon
pretext
of
a
Conference
,
and
thought
to
have
done
the
same
to
Livon
,
who
did
not
only
succeed
in
the
Power
of
his
Brother
Rupin
,
but
was
also
more
successful
,
and
augmented
that
Power
,
by
the
taking
of
divers
places
from
Bohemond
.
This
Prince
,
after
he
had
made
an
Accommodation
with
him
,
thought
to
have
surprized
him
also
in
the
same
manner
;
and
having
sent
to
him
,
to
desire
an
Interview
in
a
certain
place
,
he
resolved
there
to
seize
upon
him
,
and
make
him
his
Prisoner
.
But
Livon
,
who
followed
the
Maxim
of
those
who
hold
,
That
one
ought
never
to
trust
a
Man
who
hath
once
violated
his
Faith
,
came
to
the
place
appointed
strongly
guarded
,
with
a
great
number
of
brave
Men
,
whom
he
placed
in
Ambuscade
,
in
a
place
at
a
convenient
distance
from
the
place
of
Meeting
;
and
then
advancing
,
only
accompanied
with
two
Persons
,
according
as
it
was
concluded
between
them
,
perceiving
by
the
Company
which
Bohemond
had
with
him
,
the
Treachery
which
was
intended
,
he
gave
the
Signal
to
his
People
,
who
immediately
came
pouring
in
upon
Bohemond
,
and
surprized
him
,
putting
him
into
the
hands
of
Prince
Livon
,
who
carried
him
Prisoner
into
his
Dominions
.
Count
Henry
,
who
saw
well
that
this
Quarrel
must
necessarily
divide
all
the
Christians
of
the
East
,
went
himself
into
Armenia
;
where
he
was
,
by
Livon
,
received
with
all
the
Respect
imaginable
,
but
with
a
strong
Resolution
,
nevertheless
,
to
draw
all
the
Advantage
he
could
possibly
from
his
good
Fortune
,
as
indeed
he
did
:
For
the
Count
so
well
managed
the
Spirit
of
Bohemond
,
year
1195
that
,
to
re-gain
his
Liberty
,
which
he
made
him
understand
,
was
never
to
be
obtained
,
but
upon
these
Terms
,
he
at
last
consented
,
that
Prince
Raymond
,
his
Son
,
should
marry
the
Princess
Alice
,
the
Daughter
of
Rupin
,
and
Neice
to
Livon
:
That
Livon
should
hold
all
the
Places
which
he
had
conquered
in
the
Principality
of
Antioch
,
and
that
,
for
the
future
,
that
Principality
should
do
Homage
to
Armenia
.
After
which
,
Livon
,
by
the
Consent
of
Count
Henry
,
took
upon
him
the
Title
of
King
of
Armenia
;
which
was
afterwards
confirmed
to
him
by
the
Pope
and
the
Emperor
.
It
is
most
certain
that
the
Sarasins
might
have
drawn
extraordinary
Advantages
from
these
Divisions
which
began
to
arise
among
the
Christians
;
but
the
Divine
Providence
averted
that
Misfortune
,
by
the
Revolution
which
happened
in
the
Empire
of
the
Infidels
,
by
the
Decease
of
Saladin
,
who
,
amidst
these
Actions
,
died
at
Damascus
,
after
he
had
tamed
all
the
Rebels
on
this
side
Euphrates
.
He
was
certainly
a
Prince
,
notwithstanding
all
the
Sarasin
he
had
about
him
,
who
was
possessed
of
Vertues
and
Qualities
,
which
might
well
be
compared
with
those
of
the
most
famous
Conquerors
of
Antiquity
;
and
who
,
after
having
performed
a
thousand
noble
Actions
in
his
Life
,
did
one
at
his
Death
which
ought
to
be
received
by
Posterity
,
as
a
most
admirable
Lecture
of
the
Vanity
of
all
Earthly
Pomp
and
Glory
:
For
,
some
Moments
before
his
Death
,
calling
for
him
who
used
to
carry
his
Banner
before
him
in
all
his
Battles
,
he
commanded
him
to
tie
to
the
Top
of
a
Lance
a
Linen
Shrowd
,
in
which
he
was
to
be
wrap'd
at
his
Interment
;
and
displaying
it
,
as
being
the
Standard
of
Death
,
which
triumphed
over
so
great
a
Prince
,
to
make
this
Proclamation
;
This
is
all
which
the
great
Saladin
,
Vanquisher
and
Master
of
the
Empire
of
the
East
,
must
carry
with
him
,
out
of
the
World
,
of
all
the
Treasures
and
the
Glory
which
he
hath
acquired
by
so
many
mighty
Conquests
.
A
rare
Spectacle
,
and
most
worthy
to
be
eternally
regarded
by
the
greatest
Kings
,
who
,
from
hence
,
may
see
and
know
,
that
,
though
their
Birth
and
Fortune
have
elevated
them
above
the
Level
of
Mankind
;
yet
Death
,
which
will
one
day
equal
them
with
the
meanest
of
their
Subjects
,
will
strip
them
of
all
the
Pomp
and
Grandure
of
this
World
;
and
that
nothing
but
the
Riches
of
the
Soul
,
and
the
Glories
of
their
Vertue
,
will
distinguish
them
from
others
in
the
Life
to
come
.
As
to
the
rest
;
This
great
Prince
,
who
,
by
the
Obligations
of
his
Birth
,
and
the
Policy
of
State
,
upon
which
his
Interest
and
his
Fortune
depended
,
had
,
during
his
Life
,
made
publick
Profession
of
Mahometanism
,
at
his
Death
seemed
not
so
very
well
satisfied
of
the
Truth
of
that
Sect
;
for
,
after
he
had
disposed
of
his
Dominions
in
favour
of
his
Children
,
he
divided
all
his
Personal
Estate
into
three
Parts
,
which
he
ordered
to
be
equally
distributed
among
the
poor
Sarasins
,
Jews
and
Christians
,
which
should
be
found
in
all
his
Dominions
.
And
this
he
did
with
an
Imagination
,
that
,
at
his
Death
,
he
having
these
three
Strings
to
his
Bow
,
though
two
should
fail
,
he
should
be
sure
of
the
third
;
and
that
,
though
he
lost
two
Thirds
of
his
Alms
upon
two
false
Religions
,
yet
the
other
falling
upon
the
true
,
he
should
undoubtedly
find
Advantage
by
it
,
for
the
good
of
his
Soul
.
Poor
,
well
meaning
Prince
!
He
did
not
know
that
there
is
a
vast
difference
between
Temporal
and
Eternal
Goods
:
And
that
though
those
are
submitted
to
the
Empire
of
Fortune
,
which
gives
or
takes
them
,
according
as
she
pleases
to
turn
her
sporting
Wheel
;
yet
in
these
it
is
far
otherwise
,
and
that
Eternal
Goods
are
never
exposed
to
Hazard
and
Adventure
but
they
are
certainly
lost
.
The
Death
of
Saladin
presently
made
a
Change
in
the
Face
of
Affairs
throughout
all
Asia
:
For
,
having
divided
his
Dominions
among
his
twelve
Sons
,
without
leaving
any
thing
to
his
Brother
Saphadin
,
who
had
most
faithfully
served
him
in
all
his
Wars
.
This
Prince
,
valiant
and
ambitious
,
resolved
to
revenge
himself
upon
the
first
Opportunity
;
nor
was
it
long
before
it
was
offered
,
and
by
him
laid
hold
of
:
For
his
Nephew
,
to
whose
Share
,
in
the
Distribution
,
Egypt
fell
,
being
slain
by
a
Fall
from
his
Horse
,
as
he
was
hunting
,
Saphadin
,
with
Ease
,
made
himself
Master
of
that
fair
Dominion
;
and
presently
raising
a
powerful
Army
,
all
the
Soldiers
of
Saladin
,
who
had
served
under
him
,
and
esteemed
him
,
infinitely
running
in
to
him
,
he
attempted
the
Ruin
of
his
other
Nephews
;
and
in
a
short
time
,
either
by
Force
of
Arms
,
or
by
Treachery
of
their
Subjects
,
he
overthrew
them
all
,
year
1195
except
the
Sultan
of
Alepo
,
to
whom
his
Subjects
always
preserved
a
most
inviolable
Fidelity
.
Thus
,
whilst
the
Infidels
armed
one
against
another
,
and
thought
of
nothing
but
how
to
destroy
themselves
,
it
was
believed
in
Europe
,
that
a
fair
Occasion
was
offered
for
the
Recovery
of
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
now
almost
entirely
lost
;
which
gave
occasion
to
a
new
Crusade
,
which
was
also
followed
by
three
others
,
as
in
the
ensuing
History
may
be
seen
.
The
End
of
the
Second
Part.
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
CRUSADE
,
OR
,
The
Expeditions
of
the
Christian
Princes
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
.
PART
III.
BOOK
I.
The
CONTENTS
of
the
First
Book
.
The
little
Disposition
which
was
found
in
Europe
to
this
fourth
Crusade
.
The
Pope
resolves
,
at
last
,
to
address
himself
to
the
Emperor
,
Henry
VI.
The
Diet
of
Wormes
,
where
the
Princes
of
Germany
take
up
the
Cross
.
An
Heroick
Action
of
Margarite
,
the
Sister
of
Philip
the
August
,
Queen
of
Hungary
,
who
takes
upon
her
the
Cross
.
The
Artifice
of
the
Emperor
,
who
raiseth
three
Armies
,
and
makes
use
of
one
of
them
to
assure
himself
of
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
;
where
he
extinguishes
the
whole
Race
of
the
Norman
Princes
.
The
Arrival
of
the
Armies
,
by
Sea
and
Land
,
at
Ptolemaïs
.
The
Truce
broken
by
the
Christians
.
The
deplorable
Death
of
Henry
Count
de
Champagne
,
and
King
of
Jerusalem
.
Jassa
taken
by
Saphadin
.
The
Battle
of
Sidon
,
gained
against
Saphadin
,
by
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
.
The
greatest
part
of
the
Cities
of
Palestine
taken
by
the
Christians
.
Emri
,
Brother
of
Guy
de
Lusignan
,
King
of
Cyprus
,
made
King
of
Jerusalem
.
The
Seige
of
Thoron
unhappily
raised
by
the
horrible
Treason
of
the
Bishop
of
Wertzbourg
,
and
his
Punishment
.
Division
among
the
Christians
.
The
Combat
of
Jaffa
.
The
Death
of
the
Emperor
Henry
VI.
The
Description
of
that
Prince
.
A
Schism
in
the
Empire
occasions
the
suddain
Return
of
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
,
who
abandon
the
Holy
Land
to
the
Insidels
.
The
Death
of
Pope
Celestin
III.
Innocent
III.
succeeds
him
.
The
Elegy
and
Portraict
of
that
Pope
.
He
endeavours
to
set
up
a
new
and
general
Crusade
.
Fouques
de
Nevilli
preacheth
it
in
France
.
The
Elegy
and
Character
of
that
holy
Man
.
The
Crusade
is
preached
in
England
.
King
Richard
engages
many
of
his
Subjects
in
it
.
The
Death
of
that
Prince
,
and
his
Penitence
.
The
Counts
of
Champagne
,
Blois
and
Flanders
take
upon
them
the
Cross
.
Their
Treaty
with
the
Venetians
,
by
the
Vndertaking
of
Henry
Dandolo
,
Doge
of
Venice
.
The
Description
and
Elegy
of
that
Prince
.
The
Death
of
the
Count
of
Champagne
.
Boniface
,
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
made
Chief
of
the
Crusade
,
in
his
place
.
The
Death
of
Fouques
de
Nevilli
.
A
new
Treaty
between
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
,
and
the
Venetians
,
for
the
Seige
of
Zara
.
A
great
Division
upon
that
Subject
.
Henry
Dandolo
takes
upon
him
the
Cross
.
The
Siege
and
Taking
of
Zara.
The
History
of
Isaac
,
and
the
two
Alexises
,
Emperors
of
Constantinople
.
The
young
Alexis
desires
the
Assistance
of
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
,
against
his
Vnkle
Alexis
Commenius
,
who
had
usurped
the
Imperial
Throne
.
The
Speech
of
his
Ambassadors
.
The
Treaty
of
the
French
and
Venetians
with
this
Prince
,
for
his
Re-establishment
.
A
new
Division
upon
this
Subject
.
A
new
Accord
among
the
Confederate
in
the
Isle
of
Corfu
.
The
Description
of
their
Fleet
,
and
their
Arrival
before
Constantinople
.
year
1194
THere
was
very
little
probability
for
the
Christian
Princes
of
the
East
to
hope
for
any
Assistance
from
the
Princes
of
Europe
,
where
there
was
now
not
the
least
favourable
Inclination
towards
the
Holy
War
.
The
Kings
of
England
and
France
,
upon
whose
Protection
they
had
always
chiefly
depended
,
were
so
far
from
uniting
,
as
they
did
before
,
year
1195
in
such
a
glorious
Design
,
they
were
engaged
in
a
most
cruel
War
,
which
was
only
discontinued
for
some
time
,
by
little
Truces
,
which
served
to
no
other
purpose
,
but
to
give
them
leisure
to
take
Breath
a
little
,
and
thereby
to
put
themselves
into
a
Condition
to
attack
each
other
with
greater
Fury
than
before
.
The
Emperor
was
wholly
taken
up
with
putting
himself
into
the
Possession
of
the
Kingdoms
of
Naples
and
Sicily
,
in
Right
of
his
Wife
Constantia
,
the
Empress
:
In
pursuit
of
which
,
after
the
death
of
Tancred
,
he
extinguished
the
whole
Race
of
those
brave
Normans
,
who
had
so
generously
conquered
,
and
so
gloriously
possessed
those
Realms
for
above
one
Age.
Pope
Celestin
III.
wasted
with
Age
and
Fatigues
,
being
now
advanced
to
ninety
Years
,
was
in
no
Condition
to
undertake
so
difficult
a
Task
as
the
Forming
of
a
new
Crusade
:
And
besides
,
he
was
extreamly
embroiled
with
the
Emperor
,
whom
he
had
excommunicated
for
the
Violence
which
he
had
used
to
the
King
of
England
;
so
that
he
had
little
hope
to
engage
him
in
the
Enterprise
.
Nevertheless
,
after
he
was
assured
of
the
death
of
Saladin
,
and
the
great
Revolutions
which
that
had
made
in
his
Empire
;
which
he
understood
by
Letters
from
Henry
Dandolo
,
Doge
of
Venice
;
he
applied
himself
,
with
the
same
Zeal
which
his
Predecessors
had
done
,
to
form
a
Holy
League
among
the
Christian
Princes
,
to
make
advantage
of
this
fair
Opportunity
for
the
re-gaining
of
Jerusalem
.
For
this
purpose
he
sent
his
Legates
throughout
all
Europe
:
He
did
all
that
lay
in
his
power
to
procure
Peace
between
the
two
Kings
of
France
and
England
;
and
conjured
them
,
at
least
,
to
send
some
Assistance
to
Palestine
,
if
the
posture
of
their
Affairs
was
such
,
as
would
not
permit
them
to
go
thither
in
Person
,
to
deliver
the
Sepulchre
of
Jesus
Christ
.
He
writ
very
pressing
Letters
to
Hubert
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
year
1195
and
Primate
of
all
England
,
and
to
his
Suffragan
Bishops
,
to
oblige
them
to
preach
the
Crusade
throughout
England
.
And
he
was
determined
also
to
constrain
,
by
the
Censures
of
the
Church
,
all
such
,
as
,
having
not
accomplished
their
Vow
,
had
quitted
the
Crusade
,
to
take
it
upon
them
again
;
and
,
with
all
convenient
Expedition
,
to
put
themselves
into
a
Condition
to
undertake
the
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
:
Or
however
,
if
their
imperfect
Health
would
not
allow
of
their
undertaking
it
in
Person
,
to
send
a
Man
in
their
place
,
who
might
be
able
to
serve
in
that
War
.
But
,
after
all
the
Care
and
Pains
of
this
devout
Pope
,
he
found
very
slender
Effects
of
them
in
the
two
Realms
:
For
Philip
,
who
,
after
having
discharged
his
Vow
,
no
longer
carried
the
Cross
,
was
not
at
all
inclined
to
re-assume
it
,
nor
to
joyn
himself
again
with
a
Prince
,
of
whom
he
had
so
many
and
great
Subjects
to
complain
;
and
with
whom
it
was
almost
impossible
that
he
should
have
any
firm
or
durable
Peace
;
so
much
did
their
Interests
,
as
well
as
their
Humours
,
contradict
each
other
.
However
,
he
permitted
the
two
Cardinal
Legates
,
whom
the
Pope
had
sent
to
him
,
to
cause
the
Crusade
to
be
preached
in
France
;
where
many
took
it
upon
themselves
,
fully
resolved
to
undertake
that
Voyage
with
the
first
Opportunity
that
should
fairly
offer
it self
.
King
Richard
still
carried
the
Cross
upon
his
Habits
,
as
a
Token
that
he
designed
,
upon
the
Expiration
of
the
Truce
,
to
return
to
the
Holy
Land
.
But
the
Troubles
which
he
daily
created
to
himself
,
as
by
degrees
they
lessened
his
Inclinations
,
so
also
,
at
length
,
they
took
from
him
the
power
of
putting
that
Design
in
Execution
:
So
that
he
was
forced
to
make
the
best
of
it
,
by
persuading
the
Great
Men
of
his
Realm
to
undertake
the
Expedition
,
for
the
Health
of
their
Souls
,
and
his
;
and
since
,
he
said
,
he
was
not
in
a
Condition
to
satisfie
the
Desire
and
Intention
which
he
had
,
once
more
to
combat
against
the
Infidels
in
Person
,
he
hoped
he
should
,
in
some
sort
,
accomplish
those
Intentions
,
by
the
brave
Actions
which
those
,
who
should
supply
his
place
,
would
perform
in
that
War
.
But
for
all
that
,
this
turned
to
no
great
Account
;
whether
it
were
that
the
Lords
were
a
little
shock'd
with
the
thoughts
of
a
Voyage
so
long
,
dangerous
and
toilsom
,
or
that
they
easily
discovered
the
little
Sincerity
in
these
Discourses
of
the
King
,
who
,
they
knew
,
had
much
rather
that
they
should
stay
at
home
,
than
abandon
him
in
the
Wars
which
he
then
had
with
France
.
The
Pope
therefore
,
perceiving
that
he
was
to
expect
little
Aid
,
either
from
France
or
England
,
in
such
an
unlucky
Conjuncture
,
turned
all
his
Thoughts
towards
the
Emperor
,
in
hopes
that
that
Prince
would
not
be
displeased
with
so
fair
an
Occasion
of
putting
himself
into
good
Terms
with
the
Holy
See
.
And
in
truth
,
this
way
,
which
seemed
next
to
impossible
,
after
such
a
notorious
Breach
as
had
been
betwixt
the
Pope
and
the
Emperor
,
had
an
unexpected
and
undifficult
Success
.
For
Henry
resolved
absolutely
,
upon
this
Occasion
,
to
give
the
Pope
all
manner
of
Satisfaction
;
whether
it
were
that
he
was
really
touched
with
a
true
Remorse
for
his
past
Faults
,
and
that
hereby
he
thought
to
oblige
Celestin
to
restore
him
to
the
Peace
of
the
Church
;
or
that
he
was
glad
to
have
so
fair
an
Opportunity
to
return
into
Italy
with
a
powerful
Army
,
where
the
Empress
her self
,
highly
dissatisfied
with
his
Conduct
towards
the
Norman
Princes
,
had
raised
a
potent
Interest
against
him
:
It
is
certain
that
he
received
the
Cardinal
Gregory
in
an
extraordinary
manner
at
Strasbourg
,
where
,
at
his
Return
from
Italy
,
he
had
caused
an
Assembly
of
the
States
and
Princes
of
the
Empire
.
He
most
favourably
heard
the
Speech
which
the
Legate
made
to
him
at
the
Diet
,
when
he
presented
to
him
the
Letters
of
Celestin
,
in
which
the
Pope
,
without
taking
the
least
notice
of
their
former
Differences
,
or
the
Anathema
which
he
had
denounced
against
him
,
exhorted
him
,
as
if
there
had
never
been
any
Unkindness
,
or
Breach
between
them
,
to
take
upon
him
the
Cross
,
and
to
unite
all
the
Forces
of
the
Empire
,
to
gain
the
Glory
of
establishing
that
of
Jesus
Christ
in
Palestine
.
The
Emperor
hereupon
,
at
least
in
outward
Appearance
,
embraced
that
glorious
Design
with
all
his
Heart
,
and
protested
publickly
,
that
he
was
ready
to
do
whatsoever
the
Pope
should
desire
,
in
reference
to
this
holy
Enterprise
;
and
that
he
was
resolved
to
employ
his
Estate
,
his
Forces
,
and
his
Life
,
to
put
it
in
Execution
;
and
,
following
the
Example
of
his
Father
,
to
march
himself
at
the
Head
of
the
Christian
Army
,
year
1195
against
the
Infidels
.
For
this
purpose
he
called
a
general
Diet
at
Wormes
,
where
almost
all
the
Princes
,
Ecclesiastick
and
Secular
,
were
assembled
,
about
the
latter
end
of
November
.
There
he
solemnly
declared
,
in
the
Cathedral
Church
,
his
Resolution
to
undertake
the
Holy
War
,
in
a
Discourse
which
moved
the
whole
Assembly
.
After
which
,
eight
of
the
most
famous
and
eloquent
Bishops
,
every
one
in
his
Turn
,
did
,
for
eight
days
,
make
elaborate
Speeches
upon
this
Subject
;
and
discoursed
it
with
so
much
Force
and
Zeal
,
that
the
whole
Assembly
took
upon
them
the
Cross
;
some
out
of
a
true
Sentiment
of
Piety
,
and
a
suddain
Transport
of
Devotion
;
others
by
the
Obligation
of
Shame
,
not
to
follow
the
Example
of
so
many
Great
Men
,
after
the
Throng
of
whom
,
they
were
necessitated
,
for
their
Honour
,
to
permit
themselves
to
swim
along
that
generous
Stream
.
Thus
it
sometimes
happens
,
that
Men
do
well
,
even
contrary
to
their
own
Inclinations
,
when
,
by
a
kind
of
Necessity
,
they
find
themselves
forced
by
the
Company
and
Example
of
such
as
out
of
good
Inclinations
,
and
Greatness
of
Soul
,
follow
the
Paths
of
Piety
and
Vertue
.
The
most
remarkable
of
those
,
who
,
in
this
Assembly
,
took
upon
them
the
Cross
,
were
Henry
Duke
of
Saxony
,
Otho
Marquis
of
Brandenbourg
,
Henry
Count
Palatin
of
the
Rhine
,
Harman
Lantgrave
of
Thuringia
,
Henry
Duke
of
Brabant
,
Albert
Count
of
Hapsbourg
,
Adolphus
Count
of
Scawenbourg
,
Henry
Count
de
Pappenheim
,
Mareshal
of
the
Empire
;
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
Frederick
,
the
Son
of
Leopold
,
Duke
of
Austria
;
Conrade
Marquis
of
Moravia
,
Valeran
,
Brother
to
the
Duke
of
Limbourg
;
and
the
Bishops
of
Wirtzbourg
,
Breme
,
Verden
,
Halberstad
,
Passau
and
Ratisbonne
.
But
that
which
was
the
most
extraordinary
,
and
which
deserves
the
Admiration
of
all
Ages
,
was
,
that
Bela
King
of
Hungary
being
dead
not
long
before
this
Diet
,
Queen
Margaret
,
a
Daughter
of
France
,
his
Widow
,
the
Sister
of
Philip
the
August
,
and
who
had
some
time
worn
the
Crown
of
England
,
as
Wife
to
the
young
Henry
,
finding
her self
a
second
time
in
a
State
of
Freedom
,
was
resolved
to
employ
that
Liberty
,
together
with
her
Life
and
Fortunes
,
in
the
Service
of
Jesus
Christ
,
in
this
fourth
Crusade
.
For
this
purpose
she
took
upon
her
the
Cross
,
and
solemnly
engaged
her self
in
this
Holy
War
,
with
the
Resolution
of
a
true
Heroine
;
and
having
joyned
her
Troops
with
the
Army
of
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
,
she
under
went
the
Voyage
with
them
,
with
as
great
Zeal
and
Ardour
as
any
of
them
,
and
with
far
more
Constancy
,
and
firmness
of
Resolution
.
For
,
being
ashamed
of
the
precipitate
Return
of
the
others
,
who
unworthily
abandoned
the
Interests
of
Jesus
Christ
in
the
East
,
in
the
very
Heat
of
the
War
,
she
only
remained
unmoveable
in
her
first
Resolution
,
and
passed
all
the
Remainder
of
her
Days
at
Ptolemais
,
that
so
she
might
be
always
ready
,
upon
all
Occasions
which
offered
,
either
to
attack
the
Infidels
,
or
defend
the
Christians
.
An
Example
which
confirms
what
hath
been
frequently
seen
in
other
Princesses
,
that
Heroick
Vertue
does
not
at
all
depend
upon
the
Quality
of
the
Sex
;
but
that
the
weakness
of
Temper
and
Body
may
be
supplied
by
the
greatness
of
the
Soul
,
and
the
Vigour
of
the
Spirit
.
During
this
time
,
the
Letters
of
the
Pope
,
with
those
of
the
Emperor
,
which
were
sent
all
over
Germany
,
produced
such
Effects
upon
the
Minds
of
Men
,
already
filled
and
prepossessed
with
the
haughty
Idea's
which
they
had
conceived
of
a
Crusade
,
wherein
the
Empire
only
should
be
concerned
;
so
that
every
City
,
willing
to
signalize
themselves
upon
this
Occasion
,
furnished
out
a
considerable
number
of
Crusades
.
Insomuch
that
the
Emperor
found
wherewithal
,
abundantly
to
satisfie
,
not
only
the
great
Desire
which
he
seemed
to
have
to
undertake
the
Holy
War
,
but
also
that
which
in
reallity
he
had
,
which
was
,
under
this
pretext
,
to
lead
a
potent
Army
into
Italy
,
to
exterminate
the
Remainder
of
the
Normans
,
who
had
caused
a
Revolt
in
the
Kingdoms
of
Naples
and
Sicily
.
And
that
he
might
play
his
Game
with
greater
Success
,
by
covering
his
principal
Intendment
under
this
specious
Appearance
of
a
mighty
Zeal
,
he
presented
himself
to
take
the
Cross
from
the
hand
of
the
Legate
;
protesting
that
for
the
Accomplishment
of
his
Promise
,
and
to
animate
others
by
his
Example
,
he
was
resolved
to
march
at
the
Head
of
his
Army
,
and
,
in
Person
,
to
combat
against
the
Infidels
.
But
whether
it
were
that
they
discovered
his
Artifice
,
and
saw
that
it
would
be
an
acceptable
Service
to
him
,
year
1195
to
stop
him
in
this
Design
;
or
that
they
really
believed
,
that
,
after
the
deplorable
Accidents
which
happened
to
his
Father
and
his
Brother
in
the
other
Crusade
,
it
was
not
at
all
expedient
that
he
should
engage
himself
,
in
Person
,
to
undertake
this
Voyage
,
it
is
certain
that
all
the
Princes
humbly
intreated
him
to
continue
in
the
Empire
;
remonstrating
to
him
,
that
thereby
he
would
render
greater
Service
to
God
,
by
constantly
taking
care
,
and
providing
the
Necessaries
for
Subsistence
and
Recruits
for
the
Armies
which
he
should
send
into
the
East
.
So
that
,
after
some
small
Struggling
,
and
faint
Oppositions
,
he
submitted
to
the
Request
of
the
Assembly
;
and
,
in
conclusion
,
resolved
to
set
on
foot
three
great
Armies
,
that
so
he
might
make
profitable
use
of
that
infinite
multitude
of
Soldiers
who
had
taken
upon
them
the
Cross
,
throughout
all
the
Provinces
of
Germany
.
The
first
of
these
Armies
,
under
the
Conduct
of
Conrade
Archbishop
of
Mayence
,
accompanied
by
the
Dukes
of
Saxony
and
Brabant
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
,
took
its
Way
,
by
Land
,
to
Constantinople
;
where
,
being
imbarked
upon
the
Fleet
of
the
Greek
Emperor
,
whose
Daughter
Irene
,
Philip
Duke
of
Suabia
,
Brother
to
the
Emperor
Henry
,
had
married
,
they
arrived
happily
at
Antioch
;
from
whence
they
marched
to
Tyre
,
and
a
few
days
after
to
Ptolemais
.
The
second
Army
passed
by
Sea
,
and
after
having
coasted
along
the
Low
Countries
,
England
,
France
and
Spain
,
in
their
Passage
,
they
took
the
City
of
Sylves
,
which
the
Sarasins
had
regained
from
the
Portuguese
;
and
fearing
lest
the
Infidels
should
again
seize
upon
that
important
place
,
which
had
been
so
ill
defended
by
Dom
Sancho
,
the
Crusades
demolished
it
from
the
very
Foundation
.
After
which
,
they
prosperously
held
on
their
Course
,
and
came
to
an
Anchor
in
the
Port
of
Acre
,
where
they
joyned
the
first
Army
.
And
for
the
third
Army
,
which
was
the
strongest
,
and
composed
of
the
best
Troops
,
drawn
particularly
out
of
the
Dutchies
of
Suabia
,
Bavaria
and
Franconia
,
consisting
in
sixty
thousand
Combatants
,
the
Emperor
,
in
Person
,
conducted
it
into
Italy
;
where
,
in
Execution
of
the
Design
which
he
had
so
artfully
concealed
under
the
specious
pretext
of
the
Holy
War
,
he
surprized
the
Norman
Princes
and
Lords
who
were
confederated
against
him
;
and
without
any
trouble
,
made
himself
Master
of
all
the
places
which
they
yet
held
against
him
in
the
Realms
of
Naples
and
Sicily
;
year
1196
putting
those
brave
Unfortunates
to
death
by
all
the
ways
of
Rage
and
Cruelty
:
Insomuch
that
the
Empress
Constantia
,
unable
to
endure
this
horrible
Butchery
which
was
made
of
those
of
her
Nation
,
whom
this
cruel
,
fierce
and
vindicative
Prince
resolved
utterly
to
exterminate
,
she
conspired
against
him
,
both
to
take
away
his
Life
and
Empire
.
And
that
her
wicked
Enterprise
might
prove
successful
,
she
covered
it
and
her
Resentment
,
for
the
present
,
with
a
deep
Dissimulation
.
Henry
,
who
believed
that
he
had
now
no
more
Enemies
who
were
in
a
Condition
to
enterprize
any
thing
against
him
,
caused
the
greatest
part
of
his
Army
to
be
imbarked
upon
the
Fleet
which
Conrade
,
Bishop
of
Wirtzbourg
,
his
Chancellor
and
Lieutenant
General
in
Italy
,
had
rigged
the
Year
before
,
who
conducted
them
with
a
prosperous
Voyage
,
in
a
few
days
,
to
the
Port
of
Acre
,
where
they
arrived
very
opportunely
to
reinforce
the
German
Troops
,
who
,
for
some
time
before
,
had
had
all
the
Forces
of
the
Insidels
upon
their
hands
.
For
Valeran
de
Limbourg
,
who
,
with
his
Brigade
,
having
marched
with
the
first
,
was
arrived
in
Palestine
before
the
rest
,
having
broken
the
Truce
which
was
made
with
the
Sarasins
,
they
,
who
before
thought
of
nothing
but
how
to
ruin
one
another
,
began
immediately
to
re-unite
,
under
Saphadin
,
against
the
common
Enemy
,
as
they
esteemed
the
Christians
.
This
Prince
,
who
was
a
great
Soldier
,
having
presently
raised
a
potent
Army
of
his
own
Troops
,
and
those
of
his
Nephews
,
who
,
upon
this
Occasion
,
owned
him
as
their
General
,
made
a
great
Slaughter
of
all
the
Christians
who
fell
into
his
Power
,
thereby
to
revenge
himself
of
Valeran
,
who
,
by
an
Action
very
little
Christian
,
and
of
most
dangerous
Consequence
,
had
in
like
manner
treated
the
Sarasins
,
whom
he
surprized
upon
his
breaking
the
Truce
.
After
which
,
by
a
wonderful
Diligence
,
preventing
the
Army
of
the
Crusades
,
he
laid
Siege
,
before
their
Arrival
,
to
Jaffa
,
into
which
the
King
of
England
had
put
a
strong
Garrison
before
he
quitted
Palestine
.
year
1196
The
young
Henry
Count
de
Champagne
,
who
had
all
the
Authority
of
a
Soveraign
,
after
his
Marriage
with
Queen
Isabella
,
saw
very
well
of
what
Importance
it
was
to
save
that
Place
,
without
which
it
was
almost
impossible
to
undertake
the
Siege
of
Jerusalem
;
and
therefore
he
resolved
to
march
to
relieve
it
with
all
the
Expedition
possible
,
and
with
all
the
Forces
of
his
Realm
,
joyned
to
the
Troops
of
Valeran
,
and
those
,
which
in
such
hast
he
could
raise
at
Acre
.
But
by
a
most
sad
Misfortune
,
as
he
looked
out
of
a
Window
of
the
Palace
to
see
the
Troops
march
bye
,
and
thrust
himself
out
of
the
Casement
,
to
give
Orders
to
some
of
the
Officers
,
the
Frame
of
the
Window
,
upon
which
he
leaned
,
brake
,
and
with
its
Fall
drew
him
along
,
so
falling
headlong
upon
the
Pavement
,
he
broke
his
Neck
,
the
accident
being
so
sudden
,
Violent
and
Surprizing
,
that
neither
those
about
him
above
,
or
those
beneath
,
could
once
think
to
lay
hold
on
him
,
or
indeavour
to
break
his
Fall
;
this
deplorable
Accident
gave
a
stop
to
the
intended
Succors
,
so
that
they
could
not
make
that
hast
in
their
March
which
the
Occasion
required
.
And
as
it
usually
happens
,
that
one
Misfortune
follows
another
,
the
Garrison
of
the
besieged
City
making
an
unfortunate
Sally
,
Saphadin
counterfeiting
a
Flight
,
drew
them
so
far
,
that
with
his
Horse
he
cut
off
their
Retreat
,
and
then
turning
head
upon
them
,
he
attacked
them
so
furiously
on
all
sides
,
that
they
were
all
cut
in
Pieces
.
After
which
,
forcing
the
City
without
much
Resistance
,
he
put
all
the
Christians
in
it
to
the
Sword
,
and
to
deliver
himself
at
once
from
the
Fears
of
this
dangerous
Post
,
which
might
so
much
incommode
Jerusalem
,
he
caused
the
City
to
be
intirely
ruined
from
the
very
Foundations
.
Whilest
these
Matters
were
transacting
,
the
Dukes
of
Saxony
and
Brabant
,
with
the
other
Princes
of
the
Crusade
,
being
arrived
at
Ptolemais
,
a
Councel
of
War
was
held
,
where
it
was
determined
to
march
immediately
against
Saphadin
,
in
regard
that
his
Army
being
at
present
Master
of
the
Field
after
his
Victory
,
and
that
he
had
equipped
a
powerful
Navy
in
Egypt
,
consequently
if
they
did
not
indeavour
presently
to
remove
him
by
giving
him
Battle
,
he
must
of
necessity
hinder
all
manner
of
Passage
of
Provisions
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
whereby
they
should
be
reduced
to
great
Extremities
at
Acre
.
They
were
not
long
searching
for
an
Opportunity
,
for
Saphadin
,
understanding
that
the
Christians
,
to
draw
to
him
to
a
Combat
,
advanced
towards
the
City
of
Baruth
,
which
he
was
obliged
to
relieve
,
being
extreme
brave
,
and
his
Army
since
the
taking
of
Jaffa
,
very
much
augmented
,
he
took
the
same
Resolution
of
fighting
them
,
and
to
meet
them
half
way
,
he
descended
from
the
Mountains
of
Antilchanon
to
the
Plain
by
the
Sea
,
there
to
oppose
them
in
their
Passage
.
So
that
the
two
Armies
happening
to
Rencounter
between
Tyre
and
Sidon
,
the
Battle
was
fought
in
the
plain
Field
,
with
an
incredible
Courage
on
the
one
side
and
the
other
,
and
with
far
more
Obstinacy
on
the
part
of
the
Sarasins
,
than
had
ever
been
known
in
any
of
the
preceding
Wars
.
For
as
they
were
grown
very
Martial
,
having
for
so
long
time
been
accustomed
to
Wars
without
any
Interruption
,
either
against
the
Christians
,
or
against
those
of
their
own
Nation
since
the
Death
of
Saladin
,
and
their
civil
Broils
;
so
they
were
mightily
animated
by
the
happy
Success
which
they
had
met
with
in
the
Siege
of
Jaffa
;
and
Saphadin
who
commanded
them
,
forgot
nothing
upon
this
Occasion
,
that
could
be
expected
from
a
compleat
General
,
and
one
of
the
gallantest
Men
in
the
World
:
So
that
their
Efforts
were
wholly
extraordinary
;
whilest
they
indeavoured
to
follow
the
Example
of
so
great
a
Captain
,
and
to
preserve
the
Glory
and
Advantage
which
they
had
already
gained
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
Germans
,
who
were
no
less
Brave
,
and
much
better
armed
than
these
Barbarians
,
and
who
had
at
the
Head
of
them
so
many
great
Princes
,
who
animated
them
not
only
with
their
Voice
and
Gesture
,
but
by
the
gallant
Actions
which
they
saw
them
perform
,
combated
so
generously
,
and
so
briskly
pursued
their
Point
,
continually
pressing
upon
the
Enemy
,
without
so
much
as
recoiling
a
single
Step
,
or
making
the
least
Halt
,
as
determining
either
to
overcome
or
perish
,
that
in
Conclusion
the
Sarasins
,
who
were
never
before
known
for
so
long
time
to
maintain
a
standing
Fight
against
the
Christians
of
Europe
,
were
put
into
Disorder
,
and
in
a
few
Moments
after
,
to
an
intire
Rout
and
downright
Flight
,
leaving
all
the
Field
covered
with
the
Bodies
of
the
Slain
,
among
whom
were
two
Sons
of
Saladin
,
year
1196
and
more
than
threescore
Emirs
,
Saphadin
himself
being
also
supposed
to
be
slain
;
nor
was
it
without
great
Difficulty
that
he
escaped
,
being
grievously
wounded
,
after
he
had
that
day
done
all
that
became
a
great
Captain
and
a
gallant
Soldier
.
This
glorious
Victory
was
followed
by
the
Reduction
of
the
greatest
part
of
the
Cities
which
the
Sarasins
had
seized
;
Sidon
,
Laodicea
in
Syria
,
Giblet
,
and
several
other
Places
of
lesser
Importance
,
either
surrendred
themselves
or
were
taken
without
much
Difficulty
.
So
that
they
had
Time
and
Covenience
to
repair
the
Ruines
of
Jaffa
,
year
1197
where
a
strong
Garrison
was
placed
,
thereby
to
make
sure
of
a
Post
so
advantageous
and
necessary
for
the
Conquest
of
Palestine
.
At
the
same
time
one
of
the
Sons
of
Saladin
,
who
was
Master
of
Jerusalem
,
sent
to
the
Princes
to
offer
his
Alliance
,
making
a
shew
as
if
he
intended
to
renounce
his
Sect
,
and
become
a
Christian
;
but
whether
with
an
intention
only
,
by
this
Artifice
to
amuse
them
,
and
to
divert
the
furious
Tempest
of
their
Arms
,
which
he
feared
was
ready
to
be
poured
upon
his
Head
;
or
that
in
reallity
his
Intention
was
to
joyn
with
the
Christians
,
to
revenge
himself
of
his
Uncle
Saphadin
,
who
before
had
made
War
upon
him
,
and
indeavoured
his
Ruin
,
is
uncertain
:
There
also
happened
at
the
same
time
another
unexpected
piece
of
good
Fortune
to
the
Christians
;
for
as
in
prosecution
of
their
first
Intention
,
they
came
within
view
of
Baruth
,
which
they
designed
to
Besiege
,
they
saw
appear
the
Christian
Fleet
,
commanded
by
the
Archbishop
of
Mayence
,
which
returned
from
the
Isle
of
Cyprus
,
whither
they
had
sailed
to
Crown
,
and
bring
along
to
Palestine
,
Emeri
,
who
had
succeeded
to
Guy
de
Lusignan
his
Brother
,
who
was
lately
deceased
without
any
Children
.
Upon
the
sight
of
these
two
mighty
Armies
,
which
at
the
same
time
appeared
before
the
City
,
the
Sarasins
,
altho
they
had
there
a
very
strong
Garrison
,
were
so
dismaid
,
that
they
suffered
the
Castle
to
be
taken
by
the
Christian
Captives
,
who
in
that
Consternation
found
means
to
knock
off
their
Irons
;
and
in
Conclusion
,
the
Infidels
dispairing
to
be
able
to
Defend
the
Place
,
made
hast
to
save
themselves
by
abandoning
the
Town
to
the
Conquerors
,
who
there
found
an
inestimable
Booty
.
There
the
Princes
,
to
give
a
Chieftain
to
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
and
a
Successor
to
Count
Henry
,
without
much
Trouble
persuaded
Queen
Isabella
to
Marry
Emri
de
Lusignan
,
who
was
her
fourth
Husband
,
and
who
joyned
the
Crown
of
Cyprus
to
that
of
Jerusalem
.
Hitherto
all
things
succeeded
most
admirably
to
the
Army
of
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
;
and
if
after
this
happy
beginning
they
had
marched
straight
to
Jerusalem
,
it
is
almost
certain
,
that
in
the
Condition
wherein
the
City
then
was
,
without
all
manner
of
Hopes
of
being
relieved
,
and
under
a
Prince
who
already
seemed
to
Capitulate
,
it
must
either
have
been
surrendred
upon
Composition
,
or
carried
by
Force
.
But
there
is
no
time
wherein
it
is
not
easy
to
observe
,
that
those
who
have
known
very
well
how
to
Vanquish
their
Enemies
,
have
not
yet
been
so
Fortunate
as
to
know
how
to
make
the
best
Use
of
their
Victories
;
and
that
they
have
lost
all
the
Fruit
of
their
gallant
Actions
,
for
want
of
taking
Time
and
their
Enemies
by
the
Head
,
after
such
considerable
Defeats
:
For
the
Crusades
,
whereas
they
ought
immediately
to
have
lead
the
conquering
Army
to
Jerusalem
,
and
to
take
all
the
Advantage
they
could
of
the
Disorder
of
the
Sarasins
,
before
they
could
be
able
to
recover
the
Consternation
of
the
Blow
,
and
to
re-settle
their
Affairs
;
they
very
unadvisedly
undertook
the
Siege
of
Thoron
,
which
was
the
most
impregnable
of
all
the
Places
which
the
Sarasins
yet
held
in
Palestine
,
and
the
most
able
to
stop
the
Course
of
a
Victorious
Army
to
no
purpose
.
This
place
was
rather
a
great
Castle
than
a
Town
,
which
Hugh
de
St.
Omer
,
Lord
of
Tiberias
,
had
beforetime
caused
to
be
built
in
the
Reign
of
Baldwin
the
I.
about
seven
or
eight
Leagues
from
Tyre
towards
the
East
,
to
oppose
the
Excursions
of
the
Sarasins
,
who
at
that
time
were
Masters
of
that
great
City
.
It
was
situate
upon
the
top
of
a
high
Mountain
,
which
was
invironed
round
with
broaken
Rocks
,
which
rendred
it
wholly
inaccessible
to
an
Army
;
for
there
was
no
coming
to
it
,
but
by
one
way
,
which
was
very
Narrow
,
and
on
each
hand
whereof
lay
most
dreadful
Precipices
,
so
that
a
few
Defendants
might
easily
maintain
it
against
all
the
Forces
of
the
Earth
,
only
by
rolling
down
great
Stones
in
this
narrow
Way
,
where
not
above
two
Men
could
march
abreast
:
The
Lords
of
Thoron
had
also
taken
great
Care
;
year
1197
to
add
all
that
Art
could
do
,
towards
the
Fortification
of
it
,
as
far
as
the
Invention
of
those
Times
would
admit
,
to
render
the
Place
impregnable
.
The
Army
coming
to
incamp
before
it
in
the
beginning
of
the
Winter
,
it
was
quickly
perceivable
that
the
way
of
Force
would
be
to
no
purpose
against
a
place
of
that
Nature
;
for
there
were
no
kind
of
Engines
which
could
be
elevated
proportionably
to
the
height
of
the
Walls
and
Towers
,
to
batter
them
;
the
Darts
,
Arrows
,
and
Stones
which
were
thrown
from
below
upwards
,
lost
all
their
Force
of
doing
any
Execution
,
before
they
could
come
at
the
Besieged
,
who
laughed
at
the
vain
Efforts
which
were
used
against
them
;
whereas
at
the
same
time
their
Engines
discharging
from
above
,
showred
down
a
furious
Tempest
of
Darts
,
Stones
,
and
Arrows
,
upon
the
Camp
,
which
had
much
to
do
to
cover
it self
from
the
dreadful
Storm
.
They
indeavoured
however
,
by
mining
,
to
find
a
Way
under
the
Earth
,
after
the
Example
of
the
Dictator
Camillus
,
who
by
that
means
entred
the
City
of
Veiae
,
scituate
like
Thoron
upon
the
top
of
a
Mountain
.
But
the
German
Engineers
who
began
the
Work
,
found
the
Rock
so
very
hard
,
that
they
dispaired
of
Success
,
year
1198
and
were
at
last
obliged
to
give
it
over
;
so
that
after
three
Months
spent
unprofitably
in
the
Siege
,
they
found
themselves
no
nearer
taking
the
Place
,
than
when
they
first
sate
down
before
it
.
In
the
mean
time
Saphadin
,
who
was
cured
of
his
Wound
,
had
time
to
levy
Men
,
and
raise
an
Army
more
numerous
than
before
,
with
which
he
intended
to
besiege
the
Christians
in
their
Camp
.
Nevertheless
Thoron
,
which
began
to
be
in
great
want
of
Provisions
,
and
which
had
already
desired
to
Capitulate
,
had
undoubtedly
fallen
into
the
hands
of
the
Christians
,
if
the
Avarice
and
infamous
Treason
of
those
,
whose
principal
Interest
it
was
to
have
it
taken
,
had
not
saved
it
.
For
the
Templers
,
who
served
in
the
Army
,
and
whose
Manners
were
already
abominably
degenerated
,
suffered
themselves
to
be
corrupted
by
the
Gold
of
Saphadin
,
who
promised
them
vast
Summs
if
they
would
find
out
some
way
to
cause
the
Siege
to
be
raised
;
they
therefore
gained
by
the
same
way
Conrade
Bishop
of
Wirtzbourg
,
the
Emperor's
Chancellor
,
who
either
out
of
Jealousie
and
Envy
of
the
Glory
of
the
Archbishop
of
Mayence
,
and
the
Dukes
of
Saxony
and
Brabant
,
who
commanded
the
whole
Army
;
or
blinded
with
the
Lustre
of
the
prodigious
quantity
of
Gold
which
was
offered
him
,
no
longer
regarded
either
his
Conscience
,
his
Honour
,
his
Truth
,
or
Fidelity
,
Vertues
which
in
all
Ages
have
been
the
Glory
of
the
German
Nation
;
but
that
he
joyned
with
the
wicked
Templers
to
betray
the
Interests
of
Jesus
Christ
.
For
having
persuaded
the
greatest
part
of
the
Italian
Captains
,
who
came
along
with
him
into
Palestine
,
to
enter
into
the
same
Sentiments
with
himself
;
these
joyned
with
the
Templers
made
the
major
part
of
the
Councel
:
And
first
therefore
he
opposed
the
receiving
the
Besieged
to
Conditions
,
alledging
that
it
was
impossible
but
they
must
presently
come
and
submit
themselves
with
Halters
about
their
Necks
;
and
after
that
having
spread
a
Report
that
Saphadin
,
who
had
received
a
most
powerful
Reinforcement
by
his
Fleet
from
Egypt
,
was
about
to
attack
Baruth
,
at
the
same
time
that
he
would
also
besiege
them
in
their
Camp
,
he
therefore
protested
that
there
was
an
absolute
Necessity
that
they
should
march
the
next
day
to
relieve
that
City
.
And
accordingly
marching
out
of
his
Quarter
,
with
those
of
his
Party
,
to
take
that
Way
,
he
obliged
the
rest
of
the
Army
instantly
to
raise
the
Siege
and
follow
them
,
least
Saphadin
,
coming
upon
them
,
thus
divided
,
with
his
whole
Strength
,
they
might
fall
into
a
worse
Disaster
.
Thus
was
Jesus
Christ
,
in
his
Interest
,
and
the
Reputation
of
his
Religion
,
sold
to
the
Sarasins
by
these
Traitors
,
as
he
had
formerly
been
in
his
Person
to
the
Jews
by
Judas
.
But
as
that
Infamous
received
little
Benefit
by
that
ill
gotten
Money
,
and
afterwards
came
to
a
deserved
End
;
so
these
perfidious
Men
gained
little
by
their
detestable
Bargain
,
more
than
the
Vexation
and
Shame
to
find
that
the
Besances
,
with
which
the
crafty
Saphadin
had
in
such
profusion
paid
them
,
were
nothing
but
counterfeit
Gold
,
which
,
so
blinded
were
they
at
the
receiving
,
as
not
to
discover
.
And
for
the
traiterous
Bishop
of
Wirtzbourg
,
returning
some
time
after
to
his
Bishoprick
,
he
was
unluckily
assassinated
by
some
Officers
of
his
Chapiter
,
with
whom
he
had
made
a
cruel
War
.
Thus
it
is
,
year
1198
that
by
the
most
just
Judgments
of
God
,
Treason
never
fails
to
fall
upon
the
Heads
of
those
who
act
it
;
to
the
end
,
that
if
the
Infamy
of
such
a
black
and
cowardly
Crime
be
not
sufficient
to
deter
those
from
it
,
who
by
an
extreme
debasedness
of
Soul
,
are
tempted
to
commit
it
,
they
may
at
least
be
restrained
by
the
Fear
of
Divine
Vengeance
,
and
the
Justice
of
Almighty
God
,
which
never
fails
,
where
that
of
Men
either
is
too
short
or
too
slow
in
punishing
it
.
After
this
Misfortune
,
a
mighty
Division
arose
between
the
Orientals
and
the
Germans
,
who
now
began
to
perceive
that
they
were
betrayed
,
so
that
separating
from
the
Templers
and
Hospitallers
,
whom
they
left
at
Piolemais
,
resolving
to
have
nothing
further
to
do
with
such
base
and
infamous
Traitors
,
they
drew
off
to
Jaffa
,
to
preserve
that
place
,
which
they
had
fortified
,
and
to
defend
it
against
Saphadin
,
who
threatned
to
besiege
it
.
And
in
truth
,
that
Sultan
,
that
he
might
make
his
Advantage
of
this
Disorder
among
the
Christians
,
after
having
made
them
raise
the
Siege
of
Thoron
,
took
that
Resolution
,
and
came
to
Incamp
in
view
of
Jaffa
,
almost
at
the
same
time
that
the
German
Army
arrived
there
.
Now
as
it
was
very
much
weakned
by
the
Fatigues
of
a
long
Siege
,
and
by
the
Retreat
of
the
Orientals
,
who
had
separated
from
the
Germans
,
they
durst
not
adventure
upon
a
Battle
,
but
satisfied
themselves
with
molesting
the
Sarasins
by
continual
Skirmishes
,
wherein
they
generally
had
the
Advantage
.
And
particularly
,
one
time
having
drawn
the
Sarasins
into
a
great
Ambuscade
which
they
had
laid
for
them
,
they
cut
in
pieces
the
greatest
part
of
their
Army
;
but
this
cost
the
Life
of
the
brave
Duke
of
Saxony
,
who
was
slain
upon
the
Place
,
and
of
Frederick
Duke
of
Austria
,
who
died
the
night
following
of
a
Wound
which
he
received
in
Combating
against
the
Lieutenant
of
Saphadin
,
whom
he
overthrew
dead
upon
the
Place
with
the
stroak
of
his
Lance.
Such
a
considerable
Victory
gave
some
room
to
hope
that
in
a
little
time
they
might
become
Conquerors
,
and
that
they
might
happily
Re-establish
the
Affairs
of
the
East
;
but
the
unhappy
News
which
arrived
while
these
Matters
were
in
Agitation
,
from
the
West
,
caused
all
these
blooming
Hopes
to
wither
in
a
Moment
,
together
with
the
Reinforcements
which
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
expected
;
which
obliged
them
instantly
to
return
into
Germany
,
where
all
was
in
a
Flame
of
War
,
for
the
Reason
which
I
am
about
to
relate
.
The
Emperor
Henry
the
VI.
who
had
so
cruelly
treated
the
Norman
Princes
in
the
Realms
of
Naples
and
Sicily
,
died
a
little
before
at
Messina
in
the
Month
of
September
,
of
the
preceeding
Year
,
either
with
the
Regret
which
he
had
to
submit
to
those
shameful
Conditions
imposed
upon
him
by
the
Empress
Constantia
his
Wife
,
who
with
the
Assistance
of
the
Sicilians
,
had
surprized
and
besieged
him
in
a
Castle
,
from
whence
it
was
impossible
for
him
to
escape
;
or
as
some
suspected
,
but
with
more
malignity
than
Probability
,
of
Poison
,
which
that
Princess
,
who
for
his
proud
and
cruel
Humor
,
hated
him
,
had
caused
to
be
given
him
.
Now
he
knowing
that
he
had
formerly
been
Excommunicated
by
the
Pope
for
his
unjust
Imprisonment
of
Richard
King
of
England
,
in
his
Return
from
the
Crusade
,
when
he
came
to
die
he
manifested
great
Sorrow
for
the
same
:
He
also
sent
to
that
King
,
that
so
he
might
make
him
some
sort
of
Satisfaction
,
by
the
acknowledgment
of
his
Offence
;
and
by
his
last
Will
he
obliged
his
Heirs
to
make
Restitution
of
the
Money
which
he
had
so
unjustly
exacted
from
him
for
his
Ransom
,
and
in
case
of
failure
,
he
desired
the
Pope
to
employ
all
his
Power
to
see
it
performed
.
Great
Weakness
of
Princes
,
who
cannot
resolve
to
make
Restitution
while
they
live
,
of
what
they
believe
themselves
unjustly
possessed
when
they
come
to
die
;
or
to
think
they
discharge
themselves
sufficiently
by
charging
it
upon
their
Successors
,
who
commonly
are
of
the
same
Temper
,
and
not
troubled
with
these
Sucruples
till
they
come
to
die
,
where
it
is
not
very
difficult
to
make
fruitless
Orders
,
which
rarely
oblige
the
Living
,
who
may
be
supposed
after
their
Example
,
will
detain
it
as
long
as
they
live
,
and
then
only
relinquish
it
,
when
they
leave
the
World
,
and
can
hold
it
no
longer
.
This
unhappy
Prince
died
in
the
very
prime
of
his
Age
,
being
about
two
and
thirty
Years
old
;
and
when
he
was
upon
the
point
of
putting
in
Execution
those
great
Designs
which
he
had
formed
against
the
Greek
Emperor
,
whom
he
had
compelled
by
the
only
Terror
of
his
Armes
and
Name
,
year
1198
to
pay
him
a
great
Tribute
for
the
Provinces
which
William
King
of
Sicily
had
formerly
conquered
from
the
Greeks
,
and
which
they
had
recovered
during
the
Troubles
of
Italy
.
He
was
of
a
middle
Stature
,
having
a
weak
Constitution
,
and
a
lean
Body
,
his
Face
was
handsome
enough
,
but
something
too
Meagre
,
his
Complexion
was
delicate
and
very
fair
,
his
Head
not
altogether
large
enough
for
the
Proportion
of
the
other
parts
of
his
Body
,
which
were
well
made
,
and
fit
for
all
manner
of
Exercises
,
in
which
he
was
very
dextrous
,
either
on
foot
or
horsback
;
he
was
an
excessive
lover
of
Hunting
,
Walking
,
and
Field
Sports
,
and
therefore
he
chose
the
Country
rather
than
the
City
,
for
his
usual
Residence
,
and
it
was
very
seldom
that
he
repaired
to
the
City
,
unless
it
were
to
shew
his
Magnificence
in
the
Spectacles
and
publick
Sports
or
Festivals
,
which
he
loved
to
make
with
great
Magnificence
,
and
even
Vanity
:
This
nevertheless
did
not
in
the
least
hinder
his
applying
himself
to
publick
Affairs
,
or
acting
upon
all
Occasions
with
abundance
of
Vigor
,
Prudence
,
and
Resolution
;
for
he
had
a
Spirit
lively
,
penetrating
,
cultivated
by
Study
,
and
supported
by
an
Eloquence
Easy
and
Natural
,
a
Judgment
solid
,
a
Soul
great
and
enterprizing
,
and
a
Heart
truly
generous
.
But
all
these
noble
Qualities
were
dishonoured
by
his
Avarice
,
his
Violence
,
and
Injustice
,
his
extreme
Ambition
,
and
above
all
,
by
his
insupportable
Humor
,
his
herce
and
insatiable
desire
of
Revenge
,
and
his
barbarous
Cruelty
,
which
rendered
him
odious
to
his
own
Wife
,
by
whom
he
held
the
Realms
or
Naples
and
Sicily
,
which
made
her
conspire
against
him
,
thereby
to
stop
the
horrible
Inundation
of
his
Hatred
and
Fury
.
He
left
only
one
Son
about
three
Years
of
Age
,
whose
Name
was
Frederick
,
as
was
his
Grandfather
,
and
who
afterwards
was
Emperor
.
He
had
caused
him
from
his
Cradle
to
be
recognised
for
his
Successor
to
the
Empire
;
but
the
Princes
and
Estates
,
notwithstanding
their
Oath
,
being
on
one
hand
resolved
to
have
an
Emperor
,
who
was
able
to
manage
the
publick
Affairs
,
and
on
the
other
hand
,
not
being
able
to
agree
among
themselves
,
upon
whom
to
fix
the
Choise
,
there
arose
a
most
furious
Schism
among
them
,
in
which
some
of
them
chose
Philip
of
Suabia
,
Brother
of
the
deceased
Emperor
,
others
elected
Otho
,
the
Brother
of
Henry
Duke
of
Saxony
;
and
both
the
one
and
the
other
took
Arms
to
support
and
defend
their
Emperor
.
This
raised
great
Troubles
and
War
,
not
only
in
Germany
,
but
all
Europe
,
by
the
different
Interests
of
the
several
Princes
,
who
believed
themselves
obliged
to
joyn
upon
this
Occasion
with
each
Party
.
Richard
King
of
England
,
joyned
with
Otho
his
Nephew
,
the
Son
of
his
Sister
,
to
whom
he
had
given
the
Earldome
of
Poitiers
.
Philip
the
August
,
who
took
the
opposite
part
to
the
English
,
declared
himself
for
Philip
;
and
the
Pope
on
the
contrary
,
who
believed
that
the
House
of
Suabia
,
whose
Princes
had
made
War
against
the
Holy
See
,
ought
to
be
humbled
,
employed
all
his
pontifical
Authority
to
maintain
Otho
against
Philip
;
so
that
this
unhappy
Division
disturbed
the
whole
West
,
and
in
consequence
ruined
all
the
Hopes
of
the
Christians
in
the
East
.
For
so
soon
as
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
,
who
were
in
Palestine
,
received
an
Account
of
this
News
,
although
after
the
Defeat
of
the
Sarasins
before
Jaffa
,
they
were
upon
the
point
of
turning
their
victorious
Arms
against
Jerusalem
;
they
instantly
changed
that
Resolution
,
and
by
common
Consent
agreed
to
return
into
Germany
without
any
Delay
,
although
the
Pope
writ
to
them
in
most
pressing
Terms
,
conjuring
them
not
to
abandon
the
Holy
Land
to
the
Infidels
;
but
the
particular
Luterest
which
every
one
of
them
had
in
one
Party
or
the
other
in
the
Affairs
of
Europe
,
prevailed
above
that
of
Christ
Jesus
,
and
re-established
the
Affairs
of
the
Sarasins
,
who
failed
not
to
make
Advantage
of
their
Absence
,
and
in
a
short
time
after
their
Departure
,
to
recover
Jaffa
,
and
Baruth
,
and
all
the
other
Places
which
they
had
taken
.
Thus
this
Crusade
,
which
was
composed
wholly
of
the
German
Nation
,
some
few
Italians
only
excepted
,
served
to
no
other
Purpose
but
to
manifest
what
hath
in
all
Ages
been
too
apparent
,
and
what
we
do
too
plainly
know
at
this
very
day
,
that
the
Mahometan
Empire
,
which
hath
robbed
Christianity
of
the
greatest
part
of
the
World
,
had
hardly
grown
to
that
prodigious
and
unweildy
Bulk
,
or
even
been
able
to
subfist
,
had
it
not
been
for
those
fatal
Divisions
,
which
support
and
strengthen
them
by
enfeebling
the
Christians
;
and
that
all
their
Power
would
not
be
able
to
resist
one
of
our
Monarchs
,
year
1198
had
he
nothing
to
fear
either
from
the
Ambition
or
the
Jealousy
of
his
Neighbours
.
But
to
comfort
Christendom
for
this
Loss
,
Providence
raised
up
almost
at
the
same
time
,
a
new
Pope
to
unite
all
Europe
in
another
general
Crusade
,
one
part
whereof
made
it
most
evidently
apparent
,
that
a
few
Christians
well
united
,
and
who
have
no
occasion
to
distrust
among
themselves
,
might
easily
make
themselves
Masters
of
the
Capital
City
of
the
Ottoman
Monarchy
,
and
consequently
recover
the
Empire
of
the
East
.
This
great
Pope
was
Innocent
the
III.
who
by
an
unanimous
Consent
,
and
which
is
not
commonly
known
in
the
Conclave
,
was
chosen
the
same
day
that
his
Predecessor
Celestin
died
,
being
the
8th
.
day
of
January
;
and
that
which
increased
the
Wonder
,
was
,
that
he
was
the
youngest
of
all
the
Cardinals
,
having
not
yet
seen
more
than
thirty
Years
;
and
although
the
more
Antient
had
taken
mighty
Pains
to
make
their
Parties
,
during
the
Indisposition
of
the
deceased
Pope
,
yet
the
Succession
fell
upon
one
least
expected
.
This
Pope
was
of
noble
Extraction
,
being
descended
from
the
illustrious
House
of
the
Counts
de
Signie
;
he
was
of
just
Proportion
,
and
very
well
made
,
having
an
agreeable
Aspect
,
the
Air
of
a
great
and
generous
Man
,
he
had
a
Spirit
subtle
and
clear
,
a
prodigious
Memory
,
a
most
solid
Judgment
,
and
a
marvellous
Vivacity
,
joyned
with
an
indefatigable
Diligence
;
which
in
a
short
time
rendred
him
one
of
the
most
knowing
Men
,
that
the
Church
ever
had
,
in
all
sort
of
Sciences
,
both
Divine
and
Humane
,
all
which
he
chiefly
gained
in
the
famous
and
learned
University
of
Paris
,
where
he
soon
made
himself
be
known
and
admired
as
the
Honor
and
Ornament
of
the
Age.
And
besides
all
this
,
he
had
a
Soul
truly
Great
and
Noble
,
naturally
inclined
to
all
those
Vertues
which
concur
to
the
making
one
of
the
first
Rank
among
Mankind
,
and
particularly
,
great
in
the
Church
;
for
he
was
extreme
Zealous
,
Vigilant
and
Active
,
always
upon
his
Guard
for
the
Defence
of
the
Catholick
Faith
,
and
maintaining
the
Purity
of
its
Principle
,
which
is
the
Word
of
God
,
against
the
Attempts
of
Hereticks
;
which
he
made
appear
in
a
manner
,
which
possibly
will
not
be
disagreeable
to
be
known
,
that
so
the
Conduct
of
the
Church
at
that
time
,
in
Affairs
of
that
Importance
,
may
be
the
better
observed
.
The
Bishop
of
Metz
,
a
knowing
Prelate
,
and
who
carefully
watched
over
his
Flock
,
writ
to
him
,
That
there
ran
about
in
his
Diocess
,
a
French
Version
of
the
New
Testament
,
and
of
some
Books
of
the
Old
,
very
Dangerous
,
and
which
occasioned
great
Disorders
;
that
those
who
favoured
and
supported
them
were
Laicks
and
Women
,
of
whom
the
Number
was
very
great
,
and
who
were
so
besotted
and
blinded
,
that
with
the
greatest
Obstinacy
they
held
their
Erronious
Opinions
,
and
would
by
no
means
hearken
to
such
as
indeavoured
to
reduce
them
to
their
Reason
.
And
then
he
adds
,
These
People
are
arrived
to
those
Degrees
of
Insolence
,
as
openly
to
deride
their
Pastors
,
who
go
about
to
prohibit
the
Reading
of
those
ill
Translations
,
pretending
to
prove
the
Lawfulness
of
them
by
the
Holy
Scriptures
;
and
that
they
impudently
protested
,
with
an
incredible
Confidence
,
that
they
would
neither
obey
Bishop
,
Archbishop
,
nor
the
Pope
himself
,
though
he
should
,
by
a
solemn
Decree
,
condemn
this
Translation
,
which
they
were
resolved
never
to
forsake
;
and
that
strangely
despised
,
and
with
the
utmost
Contempt
,
treated
all
those
as
simple
and
Ignorant
,
even
the
Priests
,
as
well
as
others
,
who
would
not
receive
it
as
they
did
.
Innocent
,
for
the
Remedy
of
this
Disorder
,
the
dangerous
Consequences
whereof
he
plainly
saw
,
did
not
only
Authorize
what
the
Bishop
of
Metz
had
done
against
this
Translation
,
but
also
nominated
certain
Commissaries
,
whom
he
associated
with
him
,
to
inform
against
the
Authors
and
Favourers
of
this
Disorder
,
to
cite
them
Canonically
before
their
Tribunal
,
and
there
to
Correct
and
pass
Sentence
upon
them
without
Appeal
;
commanding
these
Commissaries
,
with
great
Care
and
Diligence
to
put
in
Execution
the
Commands
which
they
had
received
from
the
Holy
See
,
Because
,
saith
he
in
the
Decretal
,
Herein
the
Vniversal
Church
is
deeply
Concern'd
,
and
the
Cause
of
the
Catholick
Faith
lies
at
the
Stake
.
This
wondrous
Pope
,
being
such
as
I
have
described
,
burning
with
a
mighty
Zeal
for
the
good
of
the
Christian
Religion
,
was
no
sooner
setled
in
the
Chair
,
but
he
began
seriously
to
think
of
establishing
it
in
the
City
of
Jerusalem
,
where
it
took
its
first
Original
:
For
this
purpose
,
he
did
all
that
possibly
could
be
done
by
his
Letters
,
to
stay
the
Princes
of
the
German
Crusade
in
Palestine
;
But
when
he
saw
the
Revolution
which
had
happened
in
the
Empire
had
recalled
them
all
from
thence
,
year
1198
he
endeavoured
to
make
another
general
Crusade
in
Despight
of
the
Devisions
and
Troubles
which
those
of
the
Empire
had
raised
throughout
all
Europe
.
For
this
purpose
therefore
he
dispatched
his
Legates
to
all
places
,
with
most
pressing
Letters
,
by
which
he
exhorted
the
Kings
,
the
Princes
,
the
Prelates
,
the
Nobility
and
the
People
to
take
upon
them
the
Cross
according
to
their
Power
,
for
the
carrying
on
this
Holy
War
,
and
to
excite
the
whole
World
by
his
Example
,
and
that
of
the
Ecclesiasticks
,
and
above
all
the
Sacred
College
,
he
ordained
that
all
the
Clergy
,
who
possessed
the
Goods
of
the
Church
,
should
give
the
fortieth
penny
of
their
Revenue
,
and
the
Cardinals
the
tenth
for
the
carrying
on
of
this
Holy
War
.
Obliging
himself
in
particular
to
send
considerable
Summs
of
Money
and
store
of
Provisions
for
that
purpose
;
and
to
raise
Money
for
those
Expences
,
he
caused
all
his
Plate
,
both
Gold
and
Silver
to
be
melted
down
,
and
would
be
served
in
nothing
but
earthen
,
Wooden
,
or
Vessels
made
of
Glass
.
At
the
same
time
he
sent
Cardinals
to
Venice
,
Genoa
and
Pisa
,
to
exhort
those
potent
Republicks
to
rigg
out
their
Shipping
as
well
to
transport
the
Crusades
into
Palestine
,
as
to
attack
the
Sarasins
by
Sea
.
He
also
took
great
care
to
pacifie
the
Troubles
of
Hungary
,
which
hindred
the
Effect
of
the
Crusade
there
;
and
which
Duke
Andrew
,
the
Youngest
Son
of
the
deceased
King
Bela
,
had
raised
in
that
Realm
against
Henry
his
Brother
who
succeeded
to
the
Crown
.
But
in
regard
the
happy
Success
of
this
Crusade
depended
more
especially
upon
the
Kings
of
England
and
France
,
the
two
most
potent
Monarchies
of
Christendom
,
who
were
now
engaged
in
a
cruel
War
,
he
sent
the
Cardinal
Peter
of
Capua
his
Legate
,
who
negotiated
so
skilfully
and
with
such
Success
between
them
,
that
at
length
at
a
Conference
which
they
had
at
Andeli
,
they
consented
to
a
Truce
of
five
Years
,
in
which
time
it
was
supposed
the
Enterprise
of
the
Holy
War
might
be
happily
concluded
.
And
in
the
mean
time
the
Crusade
,
was
published
in
all
Places
but
especially
in
France
where
that
Devout
man
Fouques
de
Nevilli
preached
it
by
order
from
the
Pope
.
This
so
famous
man
,
who
without
Dispute
was
one
of
the
greatest
and
most
admirable
Preachers
that
ever
was
,
was
Curate
of
Nevilli
upon
the
Marne
,
not
far
from
Paris
,
a
man
of
a
great
temporal
Estate
,
but
most
Zealous
for
the
Glory
of
God
,
and
the
Salvation
of
Souls
,
which
he
endeavoured
after
,
by
exercising
,
with
an
incredible
Fervency
,
that
extraordinary
Talent
which
he
had
received
from
God
to
preach
his
Holy
word
.
This
he
did
with
all
the
Force
imaginable
,
not
only
in
his
own
Parish
Church
,
but
in
all
the
adjacent
Places
,
and
especially
in
Paris
,
where
he
declared
himself
the
Implacable
Enemy
of
all
Vices
,
but
above
all
of
Usury
,
and
Impudicity
,
which
occasioned
such
horrible
disorders
in
that
time
,
which
he
reproved
boldly
,
without
fearing
any
person
,
and
with
all
the
Heat
and
Zeal
which
his
Temperament
,
ardent
and
billious
,
could
furnish
him
with
.
God
who
at
the
Beginning
of
his
Ministry
,
to
elevate
him
by
the
Way
of
Humiliation
,
permitted
him
for
two
Years
to
toil
and
labour
without
any
Fruit
,
whilest
preaching
with
all
his
Power
against
those
two
Vices
,
some
mocking
him
,
others
wholly
abandoning
him
,
whilest
a
third
sort
,
took
occasion
outrageously
to
abuse
his
Sermons
,
not
any
one
seeming
to
reform
,
or
be
converted
by
all
his
preaching
;
insomuch
that
he
was
just
upon
the
point
of
quitting
and
giving
over
his
preaching
,
despairing
ever
to
do
any
good
by
it
.
But
God
who
was
resolved
to
make
use
of
him
,
did
so
suddenly
Change
their
Hearts
and
gave
such
Power
to
his
words
,
that
piercing
like
flaming
Darts
into
the
most
obdurate
Hearts
,
they
made
such
a
Prodigious
Change
upon
the
Manners
of
Men
,
that
to
astonishment
all
France
seemed
to
be
reformed
by
him
;
For
he
did
not
only
abolish
that
Extravagant
Extortion
and
unjust
Usury
,
which
had
so
prevailed
,
that
neither
the
Ordinances
of
the
King
,
nor
the
Censures
of
the
Church
,
had
been
able
to
repress
;
but
he
touched
,
the
Hearts
of
the
Usurers
so
to
the
quick
,
that
publickly
detesting
their
Crime
,
they
made
restitution
of
what
they
had
gotten
by
this
kind
of
Robbery
,
unto
those
whom
they
had
oppressed
by
those
horrid
Extortions
;
and
where
they
could
not
sind
those
to
whom
they
ought
to
make
Reparation
,
they
came
drowned
in
Tears
throwing
themselves
at
his
Feet
,
year
1198
and
intreating
him
to
take
that
unlawful
Gain
and
destribute
it
among
the
Poor
.
That
which
added
still
more
Force
and
Efficacy
to
his
Discourses
was
,
that
it
pleased
God
to
bestow
upon
him
the
Gift
of
Miracles
,
which
he
wrought
in
the
Presence
of
the
whole
World
,
either
before
or
after
his
Preaching
,
curing
all
sorts
of
Maladies
and
Infirmities
,
by
the
sole
Imposition
of
his
Hands
.
The
Writers
of
those
times
tell
us
of
great
Wonders
which
he
did
,
and
one
among
the
rest
assures
us
that
he
durst
not
recount
all
that
he
knew
,
in
regard
of
the
great
Incredulity
of
Mankind
:
as
for
my
own
particular
I
believe
that
the
greatest
Miracle
which
he
did
,
was
the
clearing
of
Paris
of
those
Infamous
Places
,
and
the
converting
of
so
many
lewd
and
debauched
Women
,
some
of
which
making
the
Vow
of
Chastity
,
filled
the
new
Nunnery
of
St.
Antonina
,
whic'h
he
sounded
for
so
pious
a
Design
;
others
of
them
publickly
promised
for
the
Future
to
lead
a
most
austere
and
penitent
Life
;
and
among
the
Young
Women
,
many
who
distrusted
their
Courage
and
their
Power
,
accepted
the
Favour
which
he
offered
,
which
was
a
handsome
Portion
,
by
the
help
whereof
they
easily
passed
from
that
danderous
Condition
wherein
they
were
,
into
that
of
an
honest
and
lawful
Marriage
.
For
this
Purpose
he
procured
mighty
Contributions
,
even
the
Schollars
of
the
University
raising
for
him
five
hundred
Livres
in
Silver
,
and
the
Burgers
of
Paris
in
a
Body
,
not
reckoning
the
Particular
Benefactions
,
adding
above
a
thousand
more
,
which
was
a
very
extraordinary
Summ
for
those
times
.
So
many
Wonders
,
which
his
Renown
published
of
this
admirable
Preacher
,
caused
the
Bishops
to
invite
him
into
their
Diocesses
,
where
he
was
received
with
extraordinary
respect
,
the
People
and
Clergy
flocking
to
him
as
if
he
had
been
an
Angel
sent
from
Heaven
.
The
good
man
did
not
hereupon
grow
proud
and
vain
,
or
distinguished
himself
by
any
foolish
Affectation
;
for
he
always
went
according
to
his
Custom
on
Horseback
,
decently
habited
like
a
man
of
his
Profession
;
he
kept
his
Beard
shavenaccording
to
the
Custom
of
that
Age
;
his
Diet
,
which
he
always
received
with
Benediction
and
giving
of
Thanks
,
was
indifferently
what
was
offered
him
;
neither
did
there
appear
any
thing
singular
,
either
in
his
Person
or
in
his
manner
of
Living
;
so
that
his
preaching
and
his
Miracles
always
produced
good
Effects
,
wherever
he
came
,
excepting
in
two
Places
in
Normandy
where
he
was
very
ill
treated
.
For
coming
to
Lizieux
,
and
taking
upon
him
with
his
usual
Liberty
and
Vehemence
to
reprove
the
Disorders
of
the
Ecclesiasticks
,
who
were
very
irregular
,
they
made
him
Prisoner
,
but
without
being
able
to
abridge
him
,
even
in
his
Fetters
,
of
the
Fredom
,
which
he
took
to
reprehend
them
;
so
that
being
ashamed
to
detain
him
,
after
they
were
a
little
recovered
from
the
Brutal
Transport
,
they
set
him
again
at
Liberty
.
After
which
,
as
he
preached
at
Caen
,
doing
his
usual
Wonders
before
the
People
,
The
Governor
of
the
Castle
,
thinking
he
should
do
the
King
of
England
a
great
pleasure
,
the
good
man
having
been
very
liberal
in
reproving
his
Debauches
,
committed
him
to
Prison
,
from
whence
,
being
in
a
marvellous
way
delivered
,
according
to
the
Command
of
the
Gospel
,
he
shook
off
the
dust
of
his
Feet
against
them
,
and
continued
his
preaching
constantly
to
other
Cities
,
till
such
time
as
Pope
Innocent
being
well
imformed
of
the
Vertue
and
the
admirable
Talent
,
which
this
marvellous
man
had
in
preaching
,
he
appointed
him
by
his
Breve
bearing
Date
November
the
fifth
in
the
Year
1198
,
to
publish
the
Crusade
with
all
its
Indulgences
and
prerogatives
throughout
all
France
.
Sometime
after
understanding
that
the
Abbots
of
the
Cistercian
Order
held
their
general
Chapiter
,
being
accompanied
with
abundance
of
his
Disciples
,
he
there
solemnly
took
upon
him
the
Cross
,
as
did
also
at
the
same
time
,
Garnier
Bishop
of
Langress
,
possibly
to
put
himself
into
good
Terms
with
the
Pope
,
who
was
not
over
well
satisfied
with
him
for
his
Conduct
.
After
which
he
made
his
Supplication
to
the
Assembly
,
that
since
there
were
met
there
so
many
Abbots
,
famous
for
their
Learning
and
their
Vertue
,
they
would
be
pleased
to
appoint
some
one
of
their
Number
,
who
might
share
with
him
in
this
glorious
Employ
for
the
Service
of
Jesus
Christ
and
his
Religion
by
assisting
him
in
preaching
the
Crusade
,
and
accompanying
him
in
this
Holy
Voyage
.
But
he
could
not
meet
with
a
Gratification
,
in
his
Request
,
it
may
be
,
year
1199
because
the
Pope
having
already
given
Commission
to
some
Abbots
of
the
Cistercian
Order
to
preach
the
Crusade
in
France
,
Germany
and
Italy
,
they
did
not
judge
it
convenient
to
draw
any
more
of
their
Abbots
from
their
Charges
to
employ
them
in
this
Ministry
.
So
that
Fouques
departed
from
the
Assembly
,
and
was
scarce
got
out
of
the
Gate
of
the
Monastry
,
where
an
Infinite
Number
of
People
were
assembled
upon
the
Report
of
the
Arrival
of
this
Holy
Man
;
but
he
began
to
preach
up
the
Cross
with
so
much
fervency
and
Eloquence
,
that
all
of
them
indifferently
engaged
themselves
to
take
it
upon
them
.
After
which
having
made
choice
of
one
among
his
Disciples
,
who
was
most
capable
to
second
him
in
this
Exercise
of
preaching
,
he
travailed
over
almost
all
France
,
where
an
infinite
Number
of
Persons
of
all
sorts
and
Conditions
took
upon
them
the
Cross
,
whilest
Herloin
,
a
Monk
of
St.
Dennis
,
a
very
able
and
knowing
man
,
and
well
acquainted
in
the
lower
Bretanie
did
the
same
in
all
that
Country
;
and
that
those
whom
the
Pope
had
commissioned
to
publish
the
Crusade
in
England
proceeded
there
also
with
admirable
Success
.
For
King
Richard
,
who
ever
since
his
return
from
the
Holy
Land
wore
the
Cross
,
as
a
mark
of
his
Resolution
to
return
thither
,
made
a
most
Magnisicent
Entertainment
at
London
,
where
the
greatest
part
of
the
Gentlemen
,
who
resorted
thither
to
gain
Honour
in
the
Tilts
and
Tournaments
which
were
held
there
,
engaged
themselves
after
his
Example
to
combat
more
nobly
against
the
Sarasins
for
the
Honour
of
Jesus
Christ
.
But
whether
this
was
done
in
reallity
,
this
Prince
having
an
Intention
to
go
once
more
to
Palestine
;
or
that
it
was
only
in
Appearance
,
and
to
ingratiate
himself
with
the
Pope
,
that
so
he
might
fix
him
to
the
Interests
of
his
Nephew
Otho
,
and
assure
his
Pretensions
to
the
Empire
is
very
uncertain
,
but
let
it
be
which
of
them
soever
,
there
presently
after
happened
an
Accident
which
put
an
end
to
his
Intentions
and
Designs
;
For
having
understood
that
the
Poitouins
were
revolted
from
him
,
he
passed
over
with
an
Army
so
suddenly
,
that
by
his
only
Presence
he
repressed
the
Rebels
;
but
though
he
knew
how
to
overcome
his
Enemies
,
yet
he
was
not
so
happy
in
conquering
his
Passions
,
and
his
Natural
Temerity
,
instigated
by
the
Rebelious
Vice
of
Covetousness
,
brought
this
brave
Prince
to
an
untimely
Grave
,
when
his
Affairs
were
in
the
most
flourishing
and
prosperous
Condition
.
For
Vinomare
,
Vicount
of
Limoges
,
having
found
a
mighty
Treasure
in
some
of
his
Lands
,
offered
him
one
half
,
provided
he
might
possess
the
other
himself
.
But
King
Richard
,
who
inordinately
doated
upon
Money
,
resolved
to
have
it
all
,
alledging
that
the
Treasure
of
right
appertained
to
the
Lord
of
the
Fee
;
and
upon
the
Vicounts
refusal
,
he
presently
laid
Siege
to
the
Castle
of
Chalus
,
where
he
imagined
the
Treasure
was
kept
.
So
soon
as
those
of
the
Garrison
saw
their
Prince
in
Person
before
the
Place
;
fearing
to
fall
into
his
Hands
,
they
offered
to
surrender
the
place
provided
they
might
be
permitted
to
march
out
of
it
honourably
,
and
with
their
Arms
;
but
this
sierce
Prince
to
discourage
them
commanded
it
to
be
signified
to
them
,
that
he
did
not
use
to
capitulate
with
his
Subjects
,
that
he
was
resolved
to
take
the
Place
by
Force
,
and
to
hang
every
one
of
them
who
had
dared
to
oppose
him
;
This
terrible
Menace
,
reduced
these
poor
people
to
Despair
,
and
that
Despair
begat
in
them
a
Courage
and
Resolution
to
defend
themselves
to
the
last
:
Whereupon
this
Prince
,
whose
Heart
was
always
a
Stranger
to
fear
,
coming
to
take
a
View
of
the
place
in
order
to
attack
it
,
and
approaching
too
near
,
one
Bertrand
Gourdon
,
a
principal
Officer
of
the
Garrison
,
knowing
him
,
took
so
true
aim
at
him
,
that
he
shot
him
out
of
a
Cross-Bow
with
a
barbed
Arrow
,
through
the
left
hand
and
a
little
under
his
Shoulder
;
the
King
inraged
with
the
Wound
caused
the
Place
to
be
so
furiously
stormed
night
and
day
without
Intermission
,
that
according
to
his
Desire
it
was
at
last
carried
by
Assault
;
after
which
he
caused
all
the
Officers
and
Soldiers
who
defended
it
to
be
hanged
,
Gourdon
only
excepted
who
had
wounded
him
,
and
whom
after
his
recovery
,
he
resolved
to
put
to
death
by
the
most
cruel
Punishments
:
But
it
was
in
vain
that
he
promised
himself
Health
and
Revenge
.
For
the
Chirurgeon
,
who
when
he
attempted
to
draw
out
the
Arrow
left
the
Head
behind
,
being
an
unskilful
Bungler
,
made
so
many
cruel
and
dangerous
Incisions
,
that
the
Wound
Gangreen'd
,
and
the
Cure
became
impossible
;
year
1199
for
in
twelve
days
after
he
was
hurt
,
he
died
,
being
in
the
forty
second
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
the
tenth
of
his
Reign
,
the
sixth
Day
of
April
,
in
the
Year
1199.
He
died
in
the
Arms
of
Gautier
Archbishop
of
Roan
,
with
so
many
Sentiments
and
Marks
of
true
Repentance
,
as
one
shall
rarely
find
greater
among
the
most
celebrated
Saints
.
So
rigorously
did
he
permit
himself
to
be
treated
in
those
Extremities
of
his
Life
,
that
,
by
his
Patience
and
Submission
,
he
might
in
some
manner
attone
the
Divine
Justice
,
by
offering
to
God
the
Sacrifice
of
a
Heart
perfectly
and
truly
humble
and
contrite
,
and
a
Body
mortified
by
the
severe
Pains
which
he
endured
,
besides
those
which
he
suffered
by
his
Wound
.
A
little
before
his
Death
he
caused
Gourdon
,
who
had
given
him
the
mortal
Wound
,
to
be
brought
into
his
Presence
;
and
calmly
demanded
of
him
,
Why
he
had
endeavoured
to
take
away
his
Life
?
It
is
,
replied
he
siercely
,
and
very
resolutely
,
because
thou
hast
slain
my
Father
and
my
two
Brothers
;
because
thou
didst
resalve
,
by
the
ignominious
Halter
,
to
take
away
my
Life
;
and
because
thou
hast
done
an
insinite
deal
of
Mischief
in
the
World
.
And
after
this
,
there
is
nothing
that
thou
canst
do
to
me
which
I
fear
:
And
since
I
am
assured
of
thy
Death
,
I
shall
,
with
Joy
,
be
ready
to
receive
my
own
,
though
it
comes
accompanied
with
all
the
Terrors
and
cruel
Torments
that
can
be
inflicted
on
me
.
And
I
,
replied
the
King
immediately
,
will
,
for
the
Love
of
God
,
that
thou
shalt
live
.
And
thereupon
he
caused
him
presently
to
be
set
at
liberty
,
commanding
that
an
hundred
Pounds
Sterling
should
be
bestowed
upon
him
,
and
straitly
prohibiting
all
his
People
to
do
him
any
Injury
.
But
presently
after
the
death
of
the
King
,
the
Lieutenant
General
of
his
Army
causing
him
to
be
seized
,
made
him
be
hanged
and
roasted
alive
,
in
a
most
barbarous
and
horrible
manner
.
At
his
Death
,
the
King
commanded
a
good
part
of
his
Treasure
to
be
distributed
among
his
Domesticks
,
and
the
Poor
.
He
ordered
that
his
Body
should
be
interred
at
Fontevraud
,
at
the
Feet
of
his
Father
,
as
it
were
,
to
make
some
honourable
Reparation
,
by
this
little
Humility
at
his
Death
,
for
the
ill
Treatment
which
he
had
given
him
during
his
Life
:
He
bequeathed
his
Heart
to
the
Church
of
our
Lady
at
Roan
,
which
he
had
always
particularly
cherished
:
And
for
his
Soul
,
he
entirely
submitted
it
to
the
Divine
Justice
;
offering
himself
,
after
such
an
exemplary
Repentance
,
to
suffer
the
Pains
of
Purgatory
,
even
till
the
Day
of
Judgment
,
for
the
Expiation
of
his
Crimes
.
It
is
not
my
Province
to
judge
of
what
it
pleaseth
God
to
determine
and
ordain
;
but
this
is
certain
,
that
three
and
thirty
Years
after
his
Death
,
Henry
Bishop
of
Rochester
in
England
,
preaching
,
after
he
had
given
holy
Orders
,
the
Saturday
before
the
Passion-Sunday
,
on
which
Day
the
Church
begins
the
Service
with
those
words
of
Isaiah
,
Ho!
Every
one
that
thirsteth
,
come
to
the
Waters
,
saith
the
Lord
;
Come
and
drink
with
Joy
:
In
the
midst
of
his
Sermon
,
as
if
it
had
been
by
a
suddain
Enthusiasm
,
he
cried
out
,
Rejoyce
,
my
Brethren
,
the
Soul
of
the
glorious
King
Richard
,
after
having
,
till
this
time
,
been
purified
like
Gold
in
the
Furnace
,
is
now
passed
into
Heaven
.
And
he
affirmed
it
with
such
an
assured
Air
,
exposing
to
every
Person
all
the
Circumstances
of
the
Revelation
which
he
pretended
to
have
had
,
that
the
Authority
of
a
Prelate
,
who
was
known
to
be
a
most
vertuous
and
learned
Man
,
and
who
was
never
accused
for
a
Visionary
,
made
very
many
wise
People
believe
,
that
,
without
Weakness
,
they
might
give
Credit
to
it
.
However
it
be
,
it
is
not
so
much
upon
these
sort
of
Revelations
,
which
are
liable
to
be
doubted
,
as
upon
the
manner
of
the
Death
of
this
great
Prince
,
that
one
may
reasonably
found
a
Belief
of
his
Salvation
.
However
,
I
thought
fit
to
recount
these
edifying
Particularities
of
the
Death
of
this
King
,
who
had
so
great
a
Share
in
these
Crusades
;
that
so
Princes
may
understand
,
that
when
they
have
had
the
happiness
to
render
unto
God
any
considerable
Service
by
any
Heroick
Action
,
as
did
this
King
Richard
,
in
being
the
first
that
took
upon
him
the
Cross
in
this
Holy
War
,
where
he
performed
so
many
brave
things
,
they
have
great
reason
to
hope
that
the
Divine
Goodness
,
which
is
never
slow
in
rewarding
the
meanest
Services
,
will
recompense
them
by
the
greatest
of
all
Favours
,
in
permitting
those
to
die
well
,
who
have
employed
their
Lives
in
his
Service
,
and
for
his
Glory
.
year
1199
In
this
time
Fouques
de
Nevilli
continued
his
preaching
the
Crusade
with
a
most
wonderful
Success
;
and
after
he
had
run
through
abundance
of
Provinces
,
distributing
an
infinite
number
of
Crosses
among
the
People
,
he
at
last
happily
finished
his
Enterprise
,
by
the
Engagement
of
two
great
Princes
in
his
Design
,
who
could
not
but
,
by
their
Example
,
draw
after
them
a
great
number
of
considerable
Persons
.
These
two
Princes
were
Theobald
IV.
Count
de
Champagne
,
Brother
to
Henry
II.
King
of
Jerusalem
,
who
died
by
the
unfortunate
Accident
at
Ptolemais
;
and
Lewis
,
his
Consin-german
,
Count
de
Blois
and
Chartres
,
both
of
them
nearly
related
to
I
hilip
the
August
,
both
by
the
Father
and
the
Mother
.
They
were
both
young
,
and
both
passionate
of
Glory
.
And
Theobald
,
who
was
a
magnificent
Prince
,
that
he
might
declare
himself
with
more
Splendor
,
and
draw
after
him
more
Persons
of
Quality
,
published
a
Tournament
to
be
held
at
his
Castle
of
Escri
,
upon
the
River
Aisne
,
in
Advent
of
that
Year
1199.
whither
the
principal
Gentry
of
the
Neighbouring
Provinces
assembled
themselves
,
to
be
Sharers
in
those
Manly
Exercises
.
There
it
was
that
the
brave
Count
Theobald
,
amidst
those
noble
Exercises
of
Chivalry
,
which
the
French
,
and
particularly
the
Counts
de
Champagne
,
have
always
so
much
delighted
in
;
resolving
to
pass
magnificently
,
from
that
gallant
Representation
of
War
,
to
that
true
and
holy
War
which
he
was
about
to
undertake
,
in
most
solemn
manner
took
upon
him
the
Cross
,
together
with
the
Count
de
Blois
,
his
Cousin
.
They
were
immediately
followed
by
two
Lords
of
extraordinary
Merit
,
and
high
Reputation
;
the
famous
Simon
de
Montfort
,
and
the
valiant
Renaud
de
Montmirail
,
the
Cousin
of
Count
Lewis
.
After
which
,
all
those
who
were
under
any
particular
Obligation
to
these
two
Counts
,
and
many
other
Gentlemen
and
Barons
,
especially
of
the
Isle
of
France
,
and
of
Picardy
,
also
followed
their
Example
,
and
took
upon
them
the
Cross
.
The
principal
among
these
new
Champions
of
Jesus
Christ
,
whose
Names
are
most
known
,
and
which
I
mention
in
this
place
,
reserving
my self
to
speak
of
the
others
upon
occasion
of
their
brave
Actions
,
were
Geoffry
de
Joinville
,
Steward
,
and
Geoffry
de
Ville
Hardouin
,
Mareshal
of
Champagne
,
who
,
like
a
frank
and
generous
Cavalier
,
hath
obliged
Posterity
with
the
History
of
this
War
;
the
Counts
Gautier
,
and
John
de
Brienne
,
Gautier
de
Vignori
,
William
and
Villain
de
Neully
,
Erard
de
Montigni
,
Manasses
de
l'
Isle
,
Guy
de
Chappes
,
Renard
de
Dampierre
,
Oliver
de
Rochefort
,
Ives
de
Laval
,
Anselme
de
Courselles
,
Henry
de
Montreil
,
Paien
d'Orleans
,
Matthew
de
Montmorenci
,
Guy
de
Couci
,
Robert
de
Malvoisin
,
Enguerrand
,
Hugh
and
Robert
de
Boves
,
Counts
d'
Amiens
;
to
whom
,
the
Year
following
,
joyned
the
Counts
Hugh
de
St.
Paul
,
Renand
de
Bologne
,
and
Geoffry
de
Perche
,
and
Stephen
,
his
Brother
;
with
divers
other
Lords
which
followed
them
.
And
to
take
care
of
the
spiritual
Militia
of
this
Army
designed
for
a
Holy
War
,
Garnier
Bishop
of
Troies
,
who
had
taken
the
Cross
the
Year
before
,
and
Nevelon
Bishop
of
Soissons
,
resolved
to
accompany
this
Crusade
.
Such
a
famous
Action
,
which
could
not
fail
of
making
a
mighty
noise
in
the
World
,
was
the
Parent
of
others
,
great
Examples
being
commonly
very
prolisick
,
which
were
produced
thereby
in
generous
Minds
,
and
Hearts
,
which
were
amorous
of
Glory
.
The
young
Baldwin
Earl
of
Flanders
,
and
Henault
,
Nephew
to
the
late
Count
Philip
,
who
died
at
the
Siege
of
Acre
,
seeing
himself
at
liberty
by
the
Peace
of
Peronne
,
which
he
had
concluded
with
Philip
the
August
,
was
resolved
not
to
be
behind
his
Brother-in
Law
,
the
Count
de
Champagne
,
whose
Sister
he
had
married
,
in
this
glorious
Career
of
Honour
and
Vertue
.
He
therefore
solemnly
took
upon
him
the
Cross
,
in
the
Beginning
of
Lent
,
in
the
Year
1200
in
the
Church
of
St.
Donatien
at
Bruges
;
as
did
also
the
Countess
Mary
,
year
1200
his
Lady
,
a
Princess
of
a
most
Heroick
Courage
,
and
a
Resolution
to
bear
him
faithful
Company
,
and
run
the
same
Fortune
with
him
until
Death
.
He
was
followed
in
this
gallant
Action
by
his
two
Brothers
,
Henry
and
Eustace
,
by
Thierri
,
his
Cousin
,
the
Natural
Son
of
the
late
Earl
Philip
;
Eustace
Count
de
Sarbruck
,
Conon
de
Bethune
,
James
d'
Avesnes
,
the
Son
of
the
noble
Lord
of
that
Name
,
who
performed
so
many
brave
Actions
in
Palestine
;
and
by
the
greatest
part
of
the
Flemish
Nobility
.
A
part
of
these
Princes
and
Lords
being
assembled
at
Soissons
,
could
there
come
to
no
determined
Resolution
,
in
regard
they
were
not
as
yet
assured
that
they
had
sufficient
Forces
;
year
1200
but
two
Months
after
,
at
a
Meeting
of
all
the
great
Men
of
the
Crusade
at
Compiegne
,
they
found
themselves
in
so
good
a
Condition
,
that
there
it
was
agreed
,
for
expediting
this
Affair
,
that
the
three
Earls
of
Champagne
,
Flanders
and
Blois
,
should
each
of
them
nominate
two
Deputies
,
who
should
be
authorised
with
full
Power
,
to
take
care
of
all
things
relating
to
the
Design
,
both
as
to
the
number
of
Troops
,
and
the
Choice
of
the
Men
,
among
such
an
innumerable
Multitude
of
People
as
had
taken
upon
them
the
Cross
:
As
also
,
to
treat
with
such
as
it
was
necessary
,
for
their
Passage
and
Provisions
.
The
six
Deputies
having
debated
an
Affair
of
this
Importance
,
found
that
,
to
secure
themselves
from
those
terrible
Inconveniences
which
the
Christian
Armies
had
suffered
in
the
first
Crusades
,
by
long
and
hazardous
Land-Marches
,
it
was
much
more
convenient
to
take
the
Passage
of
the
Sea
;
and
,
that
the
Passage
might
be
short
and
commodious
,
with
so
much
Provision
,
and
so
many
Ships
,
as
was
necessary
for
the
transporting
of
so
great
an
Army
,
either
into
Syria
or
Egypt
,
there
could
not
be
any
way
more
proper
than
to
treat
with
the
Venetians
,
who
,
without
all
Contradiction
,
were
at
that
time
,
the
People
,
of
all
Europe
,
the
most
powerful
upon
the
Mediterranean
Sea
.
This
Advice
therefore
being
approved
of
by
the
Princes
,
year
1201
the
Deputies
repaired
to
Venice
in
the
Beginning
of
the
following
Year
1201.
where
,
in
a
few
days
,
they
negotiared
most
successfully
with
the
famous
Henry
Dandolo
,
who
,
for
nine
Years
past
,
had
been
the
Doge
of
that
flourishing
Republick
.
This
Henry
was
a
Prince
of
a
great
and
Majestick
Port
;
and
being
now
above
fourscore
Years
old
,
though
,
to
a
Miracle
,
neither
decrepit
in
Body
,
nor
decayed
in
Mind
,
his
great
Age
rendred
him
still
more
August
and
venerable
;
he
had
Prudence
,
the
consummated
Effect
of
long
Experience
,
a
most
invincible
Courage
,
and
an
immovable
Firmness
in
such
Resolutions
as
he
took
for
the
Good
of
his
Country
,
of
which
he
was
a
most
passionate
Lover
.
He
was
a
great
Captain
,
and
a
valiant
Soldier
,
an
able
Politician
,
and
,
even
at
those
Years
,
wonderfully
taken
with
the
fair
Image
of
Glory
.
Above
all
,
he
was
the
most
dexterous
Manager
of
Affairs
;
and
though
he
were
almost
blind
,
not
so
much
by
the
Decay
of
Nature
,
as
the
Effect
of
Cruelty
,
yet
was
he
the
clearest
sighted
Man
of
his
time
in
Matters
of
State
.
The
Occasion
of
the
Loss
of
his
Sight
was
this
,
About
fifty
Years
before
,
being
employed
from
the
Republick
,
as
their
Ambassador
at
Constantinople
,
where
he
generously
sustained
his
Character
,
and
stoutly
maintained
the
Interests
of
his
Country
;
the
perfidious
Emperor
Manuel
,
not
able
to
bear
that
Freedom
,
caused
a
red
hot
Plate
of
Iron
to
be
held
before
his
Eyes
,
to
put
them
out
:
But
for
all
this
barbarous
Outrage
,
whereby
he
violated
the
Law
of
Nations
,
though
his
Sight
was
mightily
impaired
,
yet
it
was
not
wholly
lost
;
nor
did
his
Eyes
lose
any
thing
,
to
Appearance
,
of
their
Lustre
and
Clearness
,
till
,
after
this
,
he
received
an
unfortunate
Blow
upon
his
Head
at
the
Seige
of
Zara
,
which
,
if
it
did
not
altogether
take
away
his
Sight
,
yet
left
him
but
a
very
little
.
Notwithstanding
which
,
never
any
Duke
acted
with
more
Application
,
or
better
Success
,
for
the
Interests
of
Venice
,
where
his
well
known
Merit
gained
him
an
universal
Respect
,
and
gave
him
more
Authority
and
Power
than
either
his
Charge
or
Dignity
,
although
at
that
time
the
Power
was
far
more
unlimited
than
it
hath
been
since
,
by
the
Laws
which
that
sage
Republick
hath
enacted
,
to
abridge
the
Authority
of
its
Head
.
It
was
then
with
this
great
Man
,
that
the
Deputies
immediately
treated
in
his
private
Council
,
which
was
composed
of
six
Senators
;
and
they
managed
their
Negotiation
with
that
frankness
,
remitting
themselves
wholly
to
him
for
what
they
must
give
the
Republick
for
the
Assistance
which
they
desired
from
them
,
that
in
eight
days
they
came
to
agree
upon
the
Conditions
of
the
Treaty
,
which
were
these
;
That
the
Venetians
should
furnish
them
with
flat
bottom'd
Boats
and
Ships
,
either
to
pass
into
Syria
or
Egypt
,
for
four
thousand
five
hundred
Knights
with
their
Horses
,
nine
thousand
Esquires
,
and
twenty
thousand
Foot
,
with
so
much
Munitions
and
Provisions
which
should
suffice
this
Fleet
for
a
Year
.
That
all
the
Vessels
should
be
rigged
and
ready
to
sail
in
the
Month
of
June
following
,
and
should
serve
them
for
one
Year
,
accounting
from
the
Day
that
the
Fleet
should
part
from
the
Port
of
Venice
.
That
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
should
pay
for
the
same
eighty
five
thousand
Marks
in
Silver
;
which
,
according
to
the
true
Supputation
,
year
1201
is
about
eight
hundred
thousand
Crowns
French
Money
,
which
was
a
very
extraordinary
Sum
in
those
times
.
But
the
Doge
,
who
had
a
great
Soul
,
being
resolved
that
it
should
not
be
said
that
the
Venetians
acted
just
like
Merchants
,
in
furnishing
Ships
and
Provisions
at
a
reasonable
Rate
;
having
besides
,
a
great
desire
to
signalize
himself
upon
this
Occasion
,
and
to
have
a
share
in
the
Glory
which
was
to
be
acquired
in
this
War
;
therefore
acquainted
them
,
that
the
Republick
,
to
contribute
to
such
a
holy
Enterprise
,
was
resolved
to
joyn
with
them
at
the
least
fifty
Gallies
,
well
rigged
and
armed
,
with
so
many
Soldiers
as
were
necessary
to
serve
profitably
by
Sea
at
the
same
time
that
the
French
acted
by
Land
;
and
that
they
should
equally
part
betwixt
them
the
Conquests
which
should
be
made
during
the
time
of
their
Confederation
.
Dandolo
having
easily
brought
the
great
Council
of
forty
Senators
to
approve
of
the
Treaty
,
as
also
the
three
other
Assemblies
of
the
Notables
of
the
City
,
judged
that
it
was
convenient
to
have
it
ratified
by
the
People
,
whom
,
to
the
number
of
above
ten
thousand
,
he
caused
to
be
assembled
in
the
place
,
and
the
Church
of
St.
Mark
;
where
,
after
the
Mass
of
the
Holy
Ghost
had
been
sung
,
the
six
Deputies
being
introduced
,
as
before
had
been
agreed
with
the
Doge
,
Geossry
Mareshal
of
Champagne
,
who
spoke
for
his
Collegues
,
delivered
himself
in
few
,
but
very
moving
Words
,
to
the
Senate
and
People
,
after
this
manner
;
That
the
most
powerful
Princes
of
France
having
solemnly
devoted
themselves
to
the
Service
of
Jesus
Christ
,
for
the
Deliverance
of
his
Holy
Sepulchre
,
and
Holy
City
,
which
groaned
under
the
Tyranny
of
the
Insidels
,
had
,
among
all
the
People
of
Europe
,
made
choice
of
the
Venetians
,
as
the
most
potent
and
generous
,
the
most
capable
of
engaging
in
such
a
glorious
Enterprise
,
to
desire
their
Assistance
,
and
the
Conjunction
of
their
Forces
;
without
which
,
they
had
no
hope
ever
to
re-conquer
the
holy
City
of
Jerusalem
.
And
for
this
purpose
,
added
he
,
with
a
very
odd
and
surprizing
Frankness
,
as
on
the
one
hand
they
are
resolved
to
undertake
this
Conquest
;
and
on
the
other
,
that
they
are
fully
satisfied
,
that
without
your
Assistance
it
is
impossible
to
succeed
,
they
have
therefore
given
us
in
Commission
,
to
use
no
other
Arguments
to
persuade
you
,
but
to
prostrate
our selves
at
your
Feet
,
with
a
Protestation
that
we
will
never
rise
from
thence
,
till
you
have
agreed
to
our
Desires
,
and
to
such
Conditions
as
you
shall
judge
fit
to
prescribe
.
And
thereupon
they
fell
upon
their
Knees
,
and
without
saying
any
thing
further
,
with
their
Hands
extended
to
the
Assembly
in
the
posture
of
Suppliants
,
by
that
piteous
Gesture
,
accompanied
with
Sighs
and
Groans
,
they
moved
them
much
more
than
they
could
have
done
by
the
most
Rhetorical
and
passionate
Discourses
.
And
here
it
is
that
we
must
be
forced
to
acknowledge
,
that
our
Ancestors
had
a
great
Stock
of
a
certain
frank
and
generous
Goodness
,
which
the
following
Ages
,
which
have
been
much
refined
upon
the
point
of
Honour
,
would
be
far
from
submitting
to
,
or
imitating
,
upon
a
like
Occasion
.
But
though
they
did
not
so
exactly
observe
all
the
Measures
and
Punctilioes
of
Breeding
,
which
at
this
day
are
with
so
much
Nicity
and
Scruple
observed
,
for
the
maintaining
of
the
Dignity
which
is
owing
to
the
Character
of
Ambassadors
,
yet
they
had
this
Advantage
,
that
many
times
they
accomplished
that
in
a
Moment
,
which
now
costs
whole
Years
of
tedious
Negotiations
;
which
,
when
they
are
finished
,
are
yet
scarely
to
be
confided
in
.
This
Action
,
which
the
Envoy
of
a
Gentleman
would
scarce
be
persuaded
to
now
,
had
such
an
Effect
upon
all
this
great
Assembly
,
that
the
Doge
,
the
Senate
and
the
People
raising
them
up
immediately
from
that
beseeching
Posture
,
as
it
were
,
by
Consent
,
all
together
lifting
up
their
Hands
,
and
their
Eyes
,
drowned
in
Tears
of
Compassion
,
cried
out
with
one
Voice
,
We
will
,
We
will
;
making
the
Church
,
the
Palace
and
the
great
Place
resound
with
their
repeated
Echoes
,
which
instantly
ran
chearfully
to
the
City
,
where
they
were
so
redoubled
,
that
they
made
the
very
Arched
Roof
of
Heaven
ring
;
and
embracing
the
Deputies
,
they
protested
that
they
would
employ
their
Lives
and
Fortunes
with
these
generous
French
Princes
,
for
the
Re-establishment
of
Jesus
Christ
in
his
Inheritance
,
and
his
Empire
,
which
had
been
invaded
by
his
Enemies
.
After
which
,
the
Treaty
,
which
to
this
day
remains
in
the
Archives
of
St.
Mark
,
together
with
the
Confirmation
of
Pope
Innocent
,
being
ratified
by
all
the
Orders
of
the
Republick
,
and
signed
by
both
Parties
,
with
an
Oath
upon
the
Holy
Evangelists
,
year
1201
that
it
should
be
most
inviolably
kept
,
maintained
and
observed
,
the
Deputies
returned
into
France
,
where
the
Mareshal
de
Champagne
found
the
Count
,
his
Master
,
sick
of
the
Distemper
of
which
in
a
few
days
after
he
died
most
religiously
,
in
the
very
Flower
of
his
Youth
,
being
aged
but
twenty
five
Years
,
having
,
upon
his
Death-bed
,
appointed
Count
Renaud
de
Dampierre
to
be
his
Substitute
,
and
in
his
Name
to
take
the
Voyage
with
the
Troops
which
he
put
under
his
Conduct
.
Now
the
Count
de
Champagne
having
been
chosen
Head
of
the
Crusade
,
there
was
a
necessity
of
putting
another
in
his
place
.
For
this
purpose
the
Princes
concerned
,
after
that
Eudes
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
Theobald
Count
de
Bar
,
the
Cousin
of
the
deceased
Count
,
to
whom
this
Honour
was
offered
,
had
excused
themselves
,
by
reason
that
they
were
not
inclined
to
engage
in
this
Voyage
,
deputed
some
to
offer
it
to
Boniface
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
Brother
to
that
famous
Marquis
Conrade
Prince
of
Tyre
,
who
had
acquired
so
much
Honour
by
the
glorious
Actions
which
he
performed
in
the
third
Crusade
.
He
willingly
accepted
of
the
Honour
which
was
done
him
,
hoping
thereby
to
gain
Glory
to
himself
,
by
being
employed
to
procure
that
of
Jesus
Christ
.
He
therefore
instantly
repaired
to
Soissons
,
where
the
Princes
,
who
were
there
assembled
,
declared
him
Head
of
the
Army
of
the
Crusades
,
with
the
general
Applause
,
and
the
particular
good
Liking
and
Approbation
of
Philip
the
August
,
to
whom
he
had
the
Honour
to
be
related
.
He
solemnly
received
the
Cross
from
the
hands
of
the
Bishop
of
Soissons
,
and
the
holy
Man
,
Fouques
de
Nevilli
.
This
great
Preacher
of
the
Crusade
,
who
had
done
far
more
Wonders
than
ever
did
Peter
the
Hermite
,
year
1202
was
yet
more
happy
,
in
that
a
little
time
after
,
God
was
pleased
to
call
him
to
receive
the
Recompence
of
so
many
Labours
,
it
being
not
his
Divine
Pleasure
to
make
further
use
of
his
Ministry
than
he
did
that
of
St.
Bernard
,
to
assemble
the
Army
of
the
Crusades
,
but
not
to
accompany
them
,
much
less
conduct
them
to
the
Wars
;
where
Priests
,
if
they
act
regularly
,
and
contain
themselves
within
the
Bounds
of
their
Profession
,
according
to
God's
Appointment
,
ought
to
make
use
of
no
other
Arms
but
Prayers
,
nor
to
combat
otherwise
than
Moses
did
against
the
Amalekites
,
by
lifting
up
their
Hands
to
Heaven
.
This
holy
Man
died
of
the
Disease
in
his
Parish
of
Nevilli
,
where
he
was
making
preparation
for
his
Voyage
.
He
appointed
by
his
last
Will
,
that
all
the
Money
,
which
he
had
collected
from
the
Charity
of
well
disposed
People
,
should
be
employed
for
the
Assistance
of
the
Holy
Land
.
Thus
died
this
devout
Preacher
,
to
whose
Memory
,
the
Church
,
at
this
day
,
renders
great
Honours
;
and
who
deserved
,
for
his
Piety
,
to
be
eternally
reverenced
by
all
the
Earth
.
In
this
time
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
,
having
made
their
Preparations
during
the
Winter
,
about
Whitsunday
put
themselves
upon
their
March
towards
Venice
,
where
an
untoward
Adventure
,
which
they
could
not
possibly
foresee
,
had
like
to
have
ruined
the
whole
Enterprise
,
just
upon
its
first
beginning
.
For
on
one
part
,
the
Venetians
had
so
exactly
performed
their
part
of
the
Treaty
,
that
there
were
more
Ships
rigged
,
and
furnished
with
all
things
necessary
,
than
was
needful
for
the
Transporting
and
Entertainment
of
the
Army
after
their
Disimbarkment
,
besides
the
fifty
Gallies
well
armed
,
which
they
had
furnished
at
their
own
Charge
;
so
that
it
was
but
reasonable
that
the
French
,
according
to
their
Stipulation
,
should
,
before
their
setting
out
,
pay
so
much
of
the
Money
as
they
were
obliged
to
do
.
But
on
the
other
side
,
a
great
number
of
the
Lords
,
who
had
promised
to
repair
to
Venice
,
in
order
to
their
Transportation
,
had
changed
their
Resolution
,
and
went
to
embark
at
Marseilles
;
as
did
the
Bishop
of
Autun
,
and
the
Burgundians
,
John
de
Nele
,
Chastelain
of
Bourges
,
Nicholas
de
Mailli
,
and
Thierri
,
the
Cousin
of
Baldwin
,
with
whom
that
Count
had
intrusted
the
Fleet
which
he
had
equipped
in
Flanders
:
And
others
of
them
in
the
Ports
of
Pavia
;
among
which
,
the
brave
William
de
Nevilli
,
Henry
de
Longchamp
,
and
Renaud
de
Dampierre
,
General
of
the
Troops
of
Champagne
;
either
because
they
believed
that
the
Passage
would
be
shorter
,
and
less
dangerous
that
way
,
than
to
embark
at
Venice
;
or
that
they
had
some
Distrust
and
Jealousie
of
the
Venetians
;
or
,
which
is
most
probable
,
that
they
thought
they
should
thereby
be
exempted
from
paying
their
Quota
of
so
great
a
Sum
of
Money
as
was
promised
to
be
paid
to
that
Republick
.
Insomuch
,
that
there
being
a
great
number
of
those
who
ought
to
have
contributed
to
the
Charge
,
drawn
off
,
year
1202
and
that
many
of
those
who
were
present
were
not
able
,
or
rather
,
not
willing
to
pay
more
than
their
first
Proportion
;
being
inwardly
pleased
to
think
that
the
Army
would
,
by
this
Accident
,
be
broken
,
and
they
should
be
at
liberty
to
return
,
it
was
absolutely
impossible
for
the
Princes
to
raise
the
Sum
which
they
ought
to
pay
for
the
Re-imbursment
of
the
Venetians
:
So
that
,
after
they
had
generously
,
above
what
was
their
Part
,
given
all
that
they
had
in
Gold
,
Silver
and
Jewels
,
they
still
found
themselves
in
Arrear
thirty
four
thousand
of
the
eighty
five
thousand
Marks
,
which
they
were
,
by
Contract
,
obliged
to
pay
.
Thus
this
noble
Enterprise
,
which
was
so
happily
begun
,
ran
the
danger
of
being
shipwrack'd
,
even
in
the
Port
where
it
was
to
be
imbarked
.
But
the
Doge
,
who
was
a
mighty
Politician
,
made
his
Advantage
of
this
Accident
to
serve
the
Republick
,
by
furnishing
the
Princes
,
who
extreamly
desired
it
,
with
an
Opportunity
of
dis-engaging
themselves
from
the
trouble
and
perplexity
of
this
untoward
Accident
.
For
,
after
he
had
communicated
his
Design
to
the
Senate
,
who
approved
it
as
a
most
suitable
Expedient
to
secure
both
their
Honour
and
their
Interest
;
and
also
to
purchase
them
a
considerable
Advantage
;
he
went
to
the
Princes
,
and
offered
to
give
them
time
for
the
Payment
of
the
residue
of
their
Debt
,
till
such
time
as
the
Holy
War
should
be
happily
accomplished
by
their
Conquests
,
provided
they
would
presently
joyn
with
the
Venetians
for
the
recovering
of
Zara
,
a
strong
and
potent
City
in
Dalmatia
;
which
having
revolted
four
or
five
times
from
them
,
had
,
about
three
Years
before
,
put
it self
into
the
Power
of
the
King
of
Hungary
.
There
were
a
great
many
who
stoutly
opposed
this
Proposition
;
some
out
of
a
secret
Malignity
of
Spirit
,
and
a
desire
they
had
to
see
the
Army
disbanded
;
others
,
on
the
contrary
,
by
the
eager
desire
which
they
had
to
go
immediately
to
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
;
amongst
whom
,
the
hottest
were
some
Abbots
of
the
Cistertian
Order
,
as
the
Abbot
du
Val
de
Sernay
,
the
Abbot
of
Trappe
,
and
a
German
,
named
Martin
Litz
,
Abbot
of
a
Monastery
in
Alsatia
;
who
,
after
he
had
,
by
the
Order
of
Pope
Innocent
,
preached
the
Crusade
about
Baste
,
after
the
Example
of
Peter
the
Hermite
,
had
put
himself
at
the
Head
of
an
Army
of
Crusades
,
and
conducting
them
by
Trent
and
Verona
,
arrived
at
Venice
a
little
before
this
Accident
fell
out
.
Great
Disputes
there
were
upon
this
Subject
,
and
the
Reasons
which
were
urged
on
one
side
and
the
other
were
very
plausible
:
Those
who
were
against
it
alledged
,
that
,
besides
its
being
a
most
detestable
thing
for
Christians
,
who
had
taken
upon
them
the
Cross
,
to
turn
those
Arms
which
they
had
taken
up
against
Infidels
,
upon
their
Brethren
,
by
making
War
against
a
Christian
King
;
it
was
a
known
thing
,
that
the
Bulla
of
the
Crusade
declared
all
those
Excommunicate
,
who
should
attempt
any
thing
,
during
the
Holy
War
,
against
the
Crusades
;
and
that
none
could
be
ignorant
,
that
the
King
of
Hungary
,
who
was
in
possession
of
Zara
,
had
taken
upon
him
the
Cross
,
and
was
making
Preparation
to
pass
into
Palestine
.
And
,
in
truth
,
Pope
Innocent
fearing
that
they
would
undertake
this
Siege
,
had
,
a
little
before
,
sent
Cardinal
Peter
de
Capua
to
Venice
,
to
oppose
that
Design
,
and
expresly
to
forbid
the
Crusades
,
under
pain
of
Anathema
,
to
engage
therein
.
But
on
the
other
part
,
Henry
Dandolo
,
the
Doge
,
remonstrated
,
That
these
Lightnings
of
Rome
were
not
discharged
,
but
against
such
as
went
about
to
make
any
Advantage
of
the
Absence
of
the
Crusades
,
and
thereby
unjustly
to
ravish
from
them
their
Estates
;
and
that
they
were
not
designed
against
such
as
,
pursuing
that
natural
Right
wherewith
God
had
invested
them
,
and
which
it
was
not
in
the
power
of
any
Pope
to
take
from
private
Persons
,
much
less
from
Soveraigns
,
designed
only
to
recover
their
own
Estates
,
to
reduce
their
Rebels
to
Obedience
,
and
to
constrain
those
who
supported
them
to
leave
them
to
the
Justice
and
the
Clemency
of
their
Masters
.
That
if
this
were
not
allowed
to
be
Truth
,
it
must
of
necessity
follow
,
that
a
thing
so
sacred
as
the
Crusade
,
must
be
the
Cause
of
all
manner
of
Injustice
,
by
favouring
,
and
giving
Protection
to
Thieves
,
Robbers
,
Revolters
,
Rebels
and
Vsurpers
;
to
whom
the
Popes
,
by
virtue
of
their
Bulla's
,
under
pretext
of
the
Holy
War
,
must
give
the
Opportunity
to
glory
in
their
Crimes
,
and
to
confirm
themselves
in
their
Revolts
and
Vsurpations
.
That
the
Authority
of
the
Church
extending
it self
only
to
things
purely
spiritual
,
which
were
intrusted
to
it
by
Jesus
Christ
,
year
1202
whose
Kingdom
,
as
he
declares
,
is
not
of
this
World
,
could
not
undertake
to
be
the
Arbiter
either
of
Peace
or
War
,
which
Princes
make
,
according
as
they
judge
it
conducive
to
the
publick
Good
,
and
their
own
Interest
.
That
therefore
the
Church
had
nothing
to
do
in
this
Case
,
or
to
hinder
them
from
taking
Arms
against
the
Zarantines
,
who
,
besides
that
they
were
Rebels
,
were
also
,
by
their
continual
Piracies
,
and
destroying
Commerce
,
publick
Enemies
to
Mankind
,
and
particular
Enemies
to
the
Crusades
,
whose
Passage
into
Palestine
by
Sea
,
as
that
of
their
Provisions
,
they
made
very
unsecure
and
dangerous
.
Now
as
these
Reasons
,
both
on
the
one
side
and
the
other
,
appeared
very
strong
,
it
was
a
long
time
before
any
Resolution
could
be
taken
;
and
in
that
time
,
many
of
the
Germans
,
who
were
come
thither
under
the
Conduct
of
the
Abbot
Martin
,
having
consumed
what
they
brought
with
them
for
their
Voyage
,
and
divers
others
of
the
more
Wealthy
,
resolving
not
to
make
War
against
the
Christians
,
took
occasion
to
return
back
into
their
own
Countries
.
But
at
length
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
French
suffered
themselves
to
be
persuaded
by
the
Reasons
of
the
Doge
,
which
made
a
strong
Impression
upon
their
Spirits
,
to
which
the
necessity
to
which
they
found
themselves
reduced
,
either
to
joyn
with
the
Venetians
,
or
give
over
the
Enterprise
,
contributed
not
a
little
towards
the
finishing
this
Agreement
.
Nevertheless
,
it
was
made
with
this
Condition
,
that
after
the
Taking
of
Zara
,
the
Venetians
should
joyn
their
Forces
with
them
in
order
to
the
attacking
of
Egypt
,
the
Conquest
whereof
they
hoped
would
not
be
difficult
,
which
,
by
reason
of
the
Famine
and
the
Pestilence
,
had
been
extreamly
desolated
for
five
Years
,
in
which
it
had
wanted
the
Inundation
of
the
River
Nilus
.
Dandolo
ravished
with
Joy
to
have
obtained
what
he
so
earnestly
desired
,
upon
this
Occasion
,
did
an
Action
which
was
wholly
unexpected
from
him
,
and
by
which
he
most
justly
acquired
immortal
Fame
:
For
,
notwithstanding
his
extream
Old
Age
,
and
the
Weakness
,
and
,
in
a
manner
,
entire
Loss
of
his
Sight
,
which
might
well
have
dispensed
him
from
going
to
the
Wars
;
yet
one
Day
,
in
a
great
Assembly
of
the
Senate
,
the
Lords
of
the
Crusade
,
and
the
People
,
being
in
the
Church
of
St.
Mark
,
he
unexpectedly
mounted
the
Tribunal
,
and
earnestly
intreated
the
Republick
to
give
him
permission
to
take
upon
him
the
Cross
,
and
in
Person
to
conduct
the
Venetian
Army
;
and
that
,
leaving
his
Son
to
supply
his
place
,
after
the
Taking
of
Zara
,
he
might
accompany
the
brave
and
generous
Princes
of
France
,
either
to
partake
with
them
in
the
Glory
of
delivering
the
Sepulchre
of
Jesus
Christ
,
or
to
die
with
them
in
the
pursuit
of
such
a
glorious
Enterprise
.
These
Words
were
received
both
by
the
Crusades
and
Venetians
,
with
mighty
Applause
,
and
with
such
great
Acclamations
,
mingled
with
Tears
and
Cries
of
Joy
,
that
the
venerable
old
Prince
,
more
encouraged
by
the
general
Consent
,
and
the
glorious
Testimonies
which
were
rendred
to
his
Vertue
,
descending
instantly
from
the
Tribunal
,
made
himself
be
conducted
to
the
Foot
of
the
Altar
,
where
,
prostrating
himself
to
offer
his
Life
as
a
Sacrifice
to
Almighty
God
,
to
whose
Service
he
now
d●●oted
the
Remainder
of
his
Days
,
he
caused
the
Cross
to
be
affixed
to
his
Duca●
Bonnet
,
that
so
it
might
be
the
more
conspicuous
and
visible
to
all
the
Beholders
.
An
Example
so
illustrious
was
presently
followed
by
several
of
the
principal
Persons
of
the
Republick
.
And
that
which
augmented
the
Joy
was
,
that
at
the
same
time
there
was
seen
to
arrive
a
noble
Troop
of
brave
German
Lords
and
Brabamers
,
who
had
taken
upon
them
the
Cross
,
with
Conrade
Bishop
of
Halberstad
,
and
Berthold
Count
de
Catzenelbogen
.
So
that
by
the
favour
of
these
Reinforcements
,
the
Army
found
it self
compleat
,
and
being
all
imbarked
,
in
the
Month
of
October
,
they
parted
from
the
Port
of
Venice
upon
the
gallantest
Fleet
which
had
ever
spread
Canvas
upon
those
Seas
,
and
which
consisted
in
three
hundred
Vessels
charged
with
all
manner
of
Warlike
Engines
and
Munitions
.
Upon
the
Eve
of
St.
Martin
they
came
within
view
of
Zara
;
and
though
,
considering
the
heighth
and
thickness
of
the
Walls
,
and
the
strength
of
its
Towers
,
which
were
defended
by
a
strong
Garrison
,
many
of
those
who
beheld
it
at
a
distance
judged
it
impregnable
,
yet
the
next
Day
they
attacked
the
Port
with
so
much
Fury
,
that
having
dispersed
those
who
defended
it
with
the
mighty
force
of
Stones
and
Darts
from
the
Engines
,
and
having
broken
the
Chain
which
defended
it
,
they
gained
it
by
main
Force
,
and
landed
on
the
other
Shoar
,
year
1202
there
to
attack
the
City
,
so
soon
as
they
had
made
their
Lodgments
,
and
taken
up
their
several
Posts
.
This
vigorous
Attempt
did
so
terrify
the
Besieged
,
that
the
next
Day
they
sent
out
Deputies
,
to
make
Offers
of
Surrendring
the
City
upon
Condition
,
of
only
having
their
Lives
saved
.
And
they
had
most
infallibly
done
it
,
if
those
of
the
Cabal
,
who
before
had
indeavoured
to
break
up
the
Army
,
had
not
by
a
most
base
Perfidiousness
,
altered
their
Resolution
,
by
assuring
them
,
that
they
had
none
to
deal
with
but
the
Venetians
,
for
that
the
French
,
in
Obedience
to
the
Pope
,
were
resolved
to
undertake
nothing
against
them
.
At
the
same
time
Guy
,
Abbot
du
Val
de
Sernay
,
the
same
Person
who
had
done
such
great
Things
against
the
Albigenses
,
and
who
was
afterwards
Bishop
of
Carcassone
,
went
to
speak
with
the
Doge
and
the
rest
of
the
Princes
;
and
by
a
Zeal
,
which
had
like
to
have
caused
great
Disorders
,
certainly
a
Zeal
which
made
him
act
very
unseasonably
,
by
unnecessarily
exposing
to
Contempt
the
Authority
of
the
Holy
See
,
he
forbad
them
,
in
behalf
of
the
Pope
,
to
proceed
any
further
,
or
to
enterprise
any
thing
against
Zara
,
declaring
those
who
should
disobey
this
Order
,
to
be
Excommunicate
by
Virtue
of
the
Apostolical
Letters
,
which
he
there
presented
to
them
:
An
Action
so
Surprizing
,
did
so
Exasperate
the
Venetians
,
that
they
had
certainly
cut
this
indiscreet
Abbot
in
a
thousand
Pieces
,
if
Simon
Earl
of
Montfort
,
who
was
of
his
Party
,
had
not
stoutly
opposed
it
,
declaring
himself
his
Protector
,
and
protesting
that
he
would
obey
the
Holy
See
,
and
never
employ
those
Arms
against
Christians
,
which
in
taking
upon
him
the
Cross
,
he
had
taken
up
to
make
War
against
the
Infidels
.
But
the
Princes
,
and
other
French
Lords
,
to
let
the
Venetians
see
that
they
did
not
only
condemn
this
Action
,
but
that
they
were
resolved
,
like
Men
of
Honor
,
and
in
despite
of
all
those
who
opposed
it
,
to
perform
,
what
they
had
not
promised
,
but
that
notwithstanding
their
Vow
,
they
might
well
,
both
in
point
of
Conscience
,
and
for
very
considerable
Reasons
do
,
gave
such
a
furious
Assault
to
the
City
,
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
without
Intermission
,
for
five
days
successively
,
that
the
Besieged
were
compelled
to
Surrender
upon
Discretion
,
their
Lives
only
saved
.
After
this
,
the
Season
of
the
Year
being
too
far
declined
,
to
think
of
making
War
in
Egypt
,
it
was
resolved
to
pass
the
Winter
at
Zara
,
where
the
Marquis
Boniface
came
,
about
fifteen
days
after
the
Reduction
of
the
Place
;
for
he
would
not
imbark
with
the
rest
,
upon
pretence
of
giving
some
necessary
Orders
,
concerning
the
pressing
Affairs
of
his
Marquisate
;
but
in
reallity
,
that
he
might
dexterously
avoid
appearing
at
the
Siege
of
Zara
,
and
prevent
the
Displeasure
of
the
Pope
;
tho
not
long
after
the
Pope
received
the
Excuses
which
the
French
made
him
by
their
Deputies
,
and
granted
them
the
Pardon
which
they
demanded
,
for
the
greater
Satisfaction
of
their
Consciences
.
He
also
permitted
them
,
for
the
removing
of
all
Scruples
,
the
Liberty
of
Treating
at
all
times
with
the
Venetians
,
who
could
not
be
persuaded
to
believe
themselves
obliged
,
to
desire
from
him
the
Absolution
from
those
Censures
,
which
they
thought
they
had
not
at
all
deserved
;
for
which
Reason
,
some
time
after
,
he
denounced
them
Excommunicated
by
a
Decree
,
which
the
Princes
thought
convenient
to
suppress
,
fearing
that
otherwise
it
might
give
occasion
intirely
to
ruine
the
Enterprise
of
the
Holy
War
,
as
undoubtedly
it
would
have
done
.
It
was
for
this
Reason
that
this
sage
Pope
,
to
whom
the
French
Princes
gave
an
account
of
their
Proceedings
,
by
Letters
respectful
,
but
very
resolute
,
after
having
throughly
weighed
the
Matter
,
approved
the
Prudence
of
their
Conduct
;
and
some
time
after
,
their
Spirits
being
sweetned
by
a
more
propitious
Conjuncture
,
a
Reconciliation
easily
ensued
,
to
the
satisfaction
of
all
Parties
.
Thus
it
is
,
when
Matters
are
managed
with
Charity
,
Sweetness
,
and
Descretion
,
and
that
Authority
acts
prudently
and
seasonably
,
it
ever
preserves
its
own
Rights
,
by
preserving
theirs
whom
it
reduces
by
gentle
Methods
to
their
Obedience
,
but
when
untuly
Passion
comes
to
intermedle
,
and
to
pour
out
its
Lightnings
and
Thunder
,
with
more
Precipitation
than
Reason
,
it
loseth
it self
,
making
those
become
Rebels
,
who
would
easily
have
been
brought
back
again
to
be
Subjects
,
and
is
at
last
obliged
to
have
Recourse
to
Rigor
,
to
make
them
submit
to
the
Yoke
,
which
with
good
Usage
they
might
have
,
with
far
less
Difficulty
,
have
been
persuaded
to
receive
,
year
1202
and
which
upon
any
Advantage
they
will
never
fail
to
indeavour
to
shake
off
.
In
the
mean
time
,
the
Crusades
had
the
leisure
of
the
whole
Winter
,
in
a
rich
City
,
and
the
Country
about
,
abounding
with
all
manner
of
Provisions
,
to
make
the
necessary
Preparations
against
the
Spring
,
for
the
Conquest
of
Egypt
;
when
the
Ambassadors
of
the
Emperor
Philip
of
Suabia
,
and
his
Brother-in-Law
Alexis
,
Prince
of
Constantinople
,
made
them
suddenly
alter
their
Design
,
and
undertake
an
Enterprise
,
which
was
most
glorious
to
the
French
,
to
whom
God
had
designed
the
Empire
of
the
East
,
which
was
translated
from
the
Greeks
to
the
Latins
,
in
this
admirable
Manner
,
which
I
am
about
to
relate
,
wherein
I
shall
briefly
recount
the
Cause
,
the
Progress
,
the
Consequence
,
the
Execution
and
Accomplishment
of
one
of
the
most
surprizing
and
memorable
Adventures
that
ever
was
known
in
the
World
.
It
was
about
seven
Years
before
,
that
the
Emperor
Isaac
Angelus
,
by
the
most
just
Judgment
of
God
,
who
was
determined
to
punish
so
many
horrible
Crimes
as
he
had
committed
during
the
nine
Years
of
his
Reign
,
was
tumbled
from
his
Throne
by
his
own
Brother
Alexis
,
who
took
upon
him
the
Sirname
of
Comnenius
,
and
who
after
having
barbarously
put
out
his
Eyes
,
caused
him
also
inhumanly
to
be
put
in
Irons
,
with
his
Son
Alexis
,
a
young
Prince
,
of
about
twelve
Years
of
Age.
Now
it
being
only
his
Ambition
,
which
had
rendred
this
Tyrant
so
Cruel
,
who
otherways
was
of
a
Nature
Humane
and
Sweet
enough
,
so
soon
as
he
believed
he
was
firmly
Established
in
his
unjust
Domination
,
and
that
he
had
no
reason
to
fear
that
any
thing
Dangerous
could
be
enterprized
against
him
,
he
forgot
that
Maxim
of
Tyrants
,
which
informs
them
,
That
he
who
will
peaceably
and
securely
enjoy
his
Vsurpation
,
must
not
do
his
Work
by
halves
.
Insomuch
that
he
began
to
compassionate
those
whom
he
had
despoiled
of
the
Imperial
Dignity
,
and
after
some
Years
of
severe
Imprisonment
,
to
restore
them
to
a
great
share
of
unexpected
Liberty
.
He
gave
Permission
to
his
Brother
to
live
handsomely
in
a
Palace
,
which
he
assigned
him
out
of
the
City
,
between
the
two
Colomnes
;
and
suffered
the
young
Alexis
to
hold
the
Rank
of
one
of
the
Princes
of
his
Court
,
commanding
him
to
attend
upon
his
Person
,
and
be
his
Companion
in
all
his
Divertisements
.
But
he
learnt
presently
after
,
that
the
Policy
of
an
Usurper
ought
to
take
better
Precautions
,
than
to
bestow
that
kind
of
Bounty
upon
those
whom
he
hath
injustly
Oppressed
,
which
may
furnish
them
with
an
Opportunity
of
doing
themselves
Reason
for
the
Violence
which
they
have
suffered
.
For
Isaac
having
the
Liberty
to
receive
all
such
as
came
to
visit
him
,
treated
so
secretly
with
the
Latins
,
that
by
their
means
he
found
a
safe
way
of
Corresponding
with
his
Daughter
Irene
,
the
Wife
of
the
Emperor
Philip.
And
so
soon
as
that
Princess
had
disposed
the
Spirit
of
her
Husband
,
to
take
these
poor
Princes
into
his
Protection
,
and
to
receive
the
young
Alexis
her
Brother
,
a
Merchant
of
Pisa
undertook
to
carry
him
off
in
his
Ship
;
To
effect
this
,
he
caused
him
to
be
disguised
like
an
Italian
Seaman
,
and
when
the
Guards
,
which
the
Tyrant
sent
to
search
in
all
the
Ships
,
so
soon
as
he
understood
his
Flight
,
came
aboard
the
Pisan
,
who
lying
at
the
Mouth
of
the
Hellespont
,
ready
to
Sail
,
was
searched
with
more
Exactness
than
any
of
the
rest
:
The
disguished
Prince
,
with
those
of
his
Retinue
,
who
were
all
on
the
suddain
become
Mariners
,
boldly
received
them
upon
the
Deck
,
and
undertook
himself
to
be
their
Conductor
,
leading
them
into
the
most
secret
Places
of
the
Vessel
,
and
thus
,
by
not
being
hid
,
escaped
most
securely
the
Danger
of
being
Found
;
so
that
the
Ship
being
thereupon
discharged
,
passed
the
Strait
,
and
the
Prince
was
safely
landed
in
Sicily
,
from
whence
he
went
to
Rome
,
to
implore
the
Assistance
of
Pope
Innocent
;
from
thence
he
passed
by
Land
to
the
Court
of
his
Brother-in-Law
into
Germany
,
and
in
his
Way
coming
to
Verona
,
he
met
with
abundance
of
Pilgrims
,
who
were
going
to
joyn
the
Army
of
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
at
Venice
;
there
some
of
his
Retinue
advised
him
to
send
Deputies
to
them
,
to
lend
him
their
Assistance
for
the
Recovery
of
his
Empire
.
They
arrived
at
the
Army
whilest
they
were
making
their
Preparations
in
Dalmatia
,
for
their
Voyage
into
Egypt
;
but
the
Princes
judged
that
before
they
came
to
any
Conclusion
in
an
Affair
of
that
Importance
,
it
was
necessary
to
send
to
the
Emperor
Philip
into
Germany
,
to
be
informed
from
him
,
what
Terms
the
Prince
of
Constantinople
would
offer
,
and
what
was
to
be
expected
from
him
,
year
1202
after
they
should
have
Re-established
him
in
his
Dominions
.
Philip
,
who
had
now
upon
his
Hands
great
Affairs
in
Germany
,
to
maintain
himself
in
the
Empire
,
which
he
was
still
forced
to
dispute
with
Otho
his
Competitor
,
and
who
notwithstanding
extremely
desired
the
Re-establishment
of
Isaac
and
Alexis
,
Irene
his
Empress
,
of
whom
he
was
most
passionately
Amorous
,
continually
also
pressing
him
with
her
powerful
Sollicitations
,
he
acquainted
his
Brother-in-Law
,
the
Prince
Alexis
,
that
in
the
Posture
of
the
Affairs
of
Europe
at
present
,
he
saw
no
manner
of
Hope
of
his
Re-establishment
,
but
by
ingaging
the
French
and
Venetians
to
assist
him
,
who
had
now
a
great
Army
on
Foot
,
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
;
and
that
therefore
he
ought
for
this
Purpose
to
offer
them
Conditions
so
Advantageous
,
that
they
might
be
tempted
to
Comply
with
them
,
both
out
of
Interest
,
Honour
,
and
the
publick
good
of
Christendom
;
and
thereupon
,
being
it
was
not
to
cost
him
any
thing
,
he
was
the
more
Bold
in
proposing
the
Conditions
,
which
the
young
Prince
,
how
hard
and
high
soever
they
seemed
,
received
with
Joy
,
and
instantly
closed
with
them
;
herein
following
the
Example
of
those
,
who
to
deliver
themselves
from
a
present
Evil
,
and
to
draw
themselves
out
of
the
last
Extremity
to
which
their
Affairs
are
reduced
,
promise
whatever
is
demanded
,
without
consulting
either
their
own
Hearts
,
and
future
Intentions
,
or
the
possibility
of
their
Performance
;
but
being
seduced
by
the
Hope
of
re-entring
into
the
Possession
of
what
they
desire
above
all
things
,
they
promise
what
they
persuade
themselves
they
are
willing
to
do
,
though
in
reallity
they
are
resolved
,
though
possibly
at
that
time
,
without
being
sensible
of
it
,
upon
second
Thoughts
,
never
to
perform
.
Philip
having
after
this
Manner
gained
the
Consent
of
Alexis
,
instantly
dispatched
the
Ambassadors
of
the
Princes
,
together
with
his
own
,
and
those
of
his
Brother-in-Law
Alexis
,
who
arrived
at
Zara
about
the
middle
of
December
.
The
Doge
presently
gave
them
Audience
in
his
Palace
at
Zara
,
where
all
the
Princes
and
great
Lords
of
the
Crusade
,
being
assembled
,
the
principal
of
the
Ambassage
,
who
had
order
to
omit
nothing
that
might
oblige
the
Republick
and
the
Princes
,
to
conclude
the
Treaty
,
according
to
his
Instructions
addressed
his
Discourse
to
that
august
Assembly
,
to
this
Effect
.
My
Lords
,
if
you
see
appear
in
our
Faces
,
more
Assurance
and
more
Joy
than
may
seem
becoming
poor
and
miserable
dispoiled
Persons
,
who
come
to
implore
your
Assistance
,
it
is
to
be
attributed
to
our
Hopes
;
for
besides
the
Knowledge
which
we
have
of
the
Generosity
of
so
many
illustrious
Princes
and
great
Personages
as
compose
this
August
Assembly
,
we
have
Commission
to
assure
you
,
that
we
do
not
present
our selves
before
you
with
the
least
intention
,
to
retard
your
glorious
Enterprise
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
,
but
to
present
you
with
a
Way
most
Safe
,
Easy
,
and
absolutely
Necessary
,
not
only
happily
from
this
Moment
to
begin
it
,
but
in
consequence
,
most
certainly
to
atchieve
it
,
with
all
the
Glory
and
Advantage
which
you
can
hope
or
desire
:
For
the
Subject
of
our
Ambassy
is
to
request
,
that
those
Arms
which
you
design
to
carry
into
Egypt
,
and
by
that
Way
to
enter
into
Palestine
,
may
be
employed
to
render
you
Masters
of
Constantinople
,
by
placing
there
the
true
Heir
the
Prince
Alexis
,
and
by
overturning
the
Imperial
Throne
of
the
Vsurper
,
who
hath
seized
upon
it
by
the
most
perfidious
Cowardice
,
and
the
most
detestable
Treason
that
ever
was
.
See
my
Lords
,
the
shortest
and
most
infallible
Way
of
Conquering
the
Holy
Land
,
and
without
which
,
it
will
be
always
impossible
.
You
know
,
generous
French
,
nor
is
it
unknown
to
all
Germany
,
what
happened
to
the
late
King
Lewis
,
and
to
the
Emperor
Conrade
,
for
want
of
assuring
themselves
of
Constantinople
,
before
they
passed
any
further
,
as
they
were
advised
by
a
most
able
Politician
:
This
very
Oversight
was
the
cause
of
the
loss
of
two
such
flourishing
Armies
,
as
might
with
ease
have
triumphed
over
all
the
East
,
if
they
had
been
Masters
of
that
great
City
,
which
is
the
very
Key
of
Europe
and
Asia
;
without
which
,
one
cannot
,
but
with
extreme
Difficulty
,
and
a
thousand
Dangers
,
receive
,
either
by
Sea
or
Land
,
those
Assistances
which
are
absolutely
necessary
,
for
the
Maintenance
of
an
Army
,
either
in
Egypt
or
Syria
.
Nor
is
it
probable
that
you
can
repose
any
sort
of
Confidence
in
that
perfidious
Man
who
is
now
Master
of
it
;
for
how
can
he
be
trusted
,
who
hath
so
basely
betrayed
his
own
Brother
,
who
hath
banished
all
the
Latins
;
who
hath
so
barbarously
affronted
the
Emperor
Philip
,
and
Philip
King
of
France
,
both
the
Allies
of
these
two
poor
Princes
,
year
1202
whom
this
wicked
Tyrant
and
Vsurper
hath
despoiled
of
their
Dominions
?
This
Tyrant
,
Barharous
and
Cruel
as
he
is
,
yet
will
neither
have
the
Courage
nor
the
Power
to
resist
your
invincible
Arms
,
which
are
supported
by
the
Justice
of
the
Cause
;
nor
is
there
any
thing
so
fearful
,
and
so
basely
Mean
and
Cowardly
,
as
a
perfidious
,
guilty
Tyrant
,
the
terrible
Images
of
whose
Crimes
,
continually
pursue
him
with
the
dreadful
Fear
of
Vengeance
,
and
render
him
the
most
Jealous
,
Vneasy
,
and
Fearful
of
Mankind
:
And
so
soon
as
the
Prince
Alexis
shall
be
seen
at
the
Head
of
this
flourishing
Army
of
French
and
Venetians
,
at
whose
very
Names
the
usurping
Tyrant
will
grow
pale
and
tremble
,
all
Greece
,
which
groans
under
the
load
of
his
servitude
,
will
declare
themselves
for
this
amiable
Prince
whom
they
adore
;
and
the
Tyrant
who
is
in
Execration
with
the
whole
World
,
believing
that
he
is
Surrounded
with
so
many
Enemies
,
armed
for
his
Destruction
,
as
there
are
Men
in
Constantinople
,
will
indeavour
,
by
an
early
Flight
,
to
save
himself
,
and
leave
you
an
easy
Conquest
over
a
City
willing
to
be
Overcome
.
And
for
the
Advantages
which
you
shall
draw
from
a
Conquest
so
Easy
,
and
so
Glorious
,
besides
what
I
have
already
said
that
it
appears
of
absolute
Necessity
for
the
happy
Accomplishing
of
the
Holy
War
,
it
is
convenient
to
let
you
understand
that
you
are
to
expect
not
only
Words
,
but
real
Performances
,
not
altogether
Contemptible
:
For
this
Purpose
I
am
to
inform
you
,
my
noble
Lords
,
that
the
Prince
Offors
,
and
we
have
ample
and
full
Power
to
treat
with
you
upon
these
Conditions
:
First
,
That
so
soon
as
he
shall
be
Re-established
in
the
imperial
Throne
of
Constantinople
,
he
will
pay
you
two
hundred
thousand
Marks
in
Silver
,
to
be
divided
between
the
Confederates
,
for
the
Charges
of
the
War
,
and
to
make
Provision
for
the
Army
.
Secondly
,
That
he
will
accompany
you
in
Person
,
with
an
Army
,
to
the
Conquest
of
Egypt
;
or
if
it
shall
please
you
better
,
that
he
shall
send
along
with
you
ten
thousand
choise
Men
,
and
maintain
them
at
his
own
Charge
there
,
for
one
Year
;
and
further
,
that
he
will
,
during
his
Life
,
maintain
five
hundred
Knights
well
Armed
,
for
the
Preservation
of
the
Conquests
which
shall
be
made
in
the
Holy
Land
.
And
lastly
,
which
ought
doubtless
to
be
the
most
powerful
Argument
of
any
which
I
have
hitherto
used
,
he
promises
and
engages
inviolably
upon
his
Faith
,
that
if
it
shall
please
God
by
your
Assistance
,
to
raise
him
to
his
Throne
,
that
he
will
reduce
his
whole
Empire
under
the
Obeisance
of
the
Roman
Church
,
from
which
it
hath
been
so
long
time
separated
by
the
Heresie
and
Schism
After
this
,
my
Lords
,
Judge
if
the
Means
which
we
propose
to
you
for
the
Execution
of
your
Enterprise
of
the
Holy
War
,
is
not
more
Safe
,
more
Easy
,
and
most
Advantageous
to
you
,
and
to
the
whole
Church
,
and
in
short
,
the
Thing
of
the
World
,
most
capable
to
acquire
for
you
Immortal
Fame
on
Eurth
,
and
Glory
in
Heaven
.
This
Discourse
,
which
seemed
so
reasonable
and
persuasive
,
was
very
diversly
received
by
that
Assembly
,
who
resolved
to
take
some
time
to
deliberate
upon
such
fair
Propositions
.
In
truth
,
the
Venetians
and
the
greatest
Party
of
the
French
,
who
,
besides
the
Interest
of
the
publick
,
and
the
common
Cause
of
Christianity
,
found
also
therein
their
own
,
made
not
the
least
doubt
,
but
that
the
Propositions
ought
to
be
accepted
;
but
those
who
had
before
used
their
utmost
Efforts
,
to
hinder
the
Seige
of
Zara
,
opposed
them
with
abundance
of
Heat
;
and
,
above
all
the
rest
,
the
Abbot
du
Val
de
Sernay
,
who
was
constantly
in
the
Head
of
the
discontented
Party
,
made
a
mighty
Noise
with
his
Monks
,
protesting
against
this
Diversion
,
and
urging
that
they
could
not
,
with
a
safe
Conscience
,
turn
those
Arms
against
Christians
,
which
they
had
taken
up
for
a
Holy
War
against
the
Infidels
,
for
the
Deliverance
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
.
On
the
contrary
,
the
Abbot
de
Los
,
of
the
same
Order
,
a
Man
of
great
Estate
and
Interest
,
who
came
along
with
the
Marquis
de
Montferrat
,
together
with
several
other
Abbots
of
his
Party
,
did
what
was
possible
to
confute
all
the
Reasons
of
the
Abbot
du
Val
de
Sernay
;
and
endeavoured
to
persuade
the
whole
Army
,
that
the
only
Means
to
make
the
Enterprise
upon
the
Holy
Land
succeed
,
was
this
of
Constantinople
,
and
to
close
with
the
Conditions
proposed
by
Alexis
and
the
Ambassadors
.
Whereupon
,
before
any
thing
was
concluded
,
the
Cardinal
of
Capua
,
one
of
the
Legates
,
at
the
Request
of
the
Princes
and
the
Confederates
,
went
immediately
to
consult
the
Pope
;
who
put
the
Matter
under
the
Deliberation
of
the
Sacred
College
at
the
same
time
,
when
,
by
an
odd
Adventure
,
the
Ambassadors
of
the
Usurper
Alexis
Comnenius
,
who
came
to
justifie
the
Proceedings
of
their
Master
,
arrived
at
Rome
.
year
1202
The
Pope
presently
gave
them
Audience
;
and
they
,
according
to
their
Instructions
,
and
the
Emperor's
Letters
,
remonstrated
to
him
,
That
Isaac
having
been
lawfully
deposed
for
his
apparent
Insufficiency
,
the
Empire
could
not
,
by
Right
of
Succession
,
appertain
to
the
young
Alexis
,
by
reason
that
he
was
born
before
his
Father
was
Emperor
;
and
that
therefore
,
of
consequence
,
it
must
necessarily
belong
to
his
Unkle
Alexis
Comnenius
,
who
was
legally
chosen
Emperor
.
That
he
therefore
made
it
his
Request
to
the
Pope
,
that
he
would
not
favour
his
Nephew
,
who
was
supported
in
his
unjust
Pretences
by
Philip
Duke
of
Suabia
,
the
declared
Enemy
of
the
Holy
See
,
as
his
Father
and
Grandfather
had
been
,
who
had
raised
so
many
Wars
against
the
Popes
,
his
Predecessors
.
And
further
,
they
desired
that
he
would
prohibit
the
Crusades
from
going
to
attack
Constantinople
,
contrary
to
the
Vow
which
they
had
made
to
endeavour
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
:
And
then
following
the
Custom
of
the
Greek
Emperors
,
who
,
when
they
have
any
need
of
the
Assistance
of
the
Popes
,
always
promise
the
Re-union
of
the
Church
,
they
made
a
thousand
Protestations
of
the
sincere
Intentions
of
their
Master
;
and
that
he
would
cause
that
Obedience
to
be
rendred
to
the
Pope
,
throughout
the
whole
Eastern
Empire
,
which
was
due
unto
him
.
But
whether
the
Pope
hoped
for
that
Re-union
from
Comnenius
,
who
was
in
Possession
of
the
Empire
,
rather
than
from
the
young
Alexis
,
who
was
a
banished
,
despoiled
Prince
;
and
that
he
apprehended
that
the
Success
of
this
War
would
not
prove
fortunate
;
or
that
he
could
not
,
upon
this
Occasion
,
persuade
himself
to
favour
the
Pretensions
of
Philip
of
Suabia
,
whom
he
did
not
love
,
and
whose
Competitor
to
the
Empire
he
openly
protected
;
or
whether
it
was
the
earnest
desire
which
he
had
,
that
the
Expedition
to
the
Holy
Land
should
be
more
vigorously
prosecuted
,
which
made
him
disapprove
these
kind
of
Diversions
which
were
made
of
the
Christian
Arms
against
Christians
,
it
is
certain
that
he
received
the
Ambassadors
of
old
Alexis
very
favourably
,
acknowledging
their
Master
as
an
Emperor
.
And
further
,
He
was
so
far
from
protecting
the
Prince
,
as
many
of
the
Cardinals
advised
,
that
he
sent
back
the
Legate
to
the
Army
of
the
Confederates
,
with
Letters
,
by
which
he
command
them
,
in
most
peremptory
Terms
,
to
march
immediately
to
the
War
against
the
Infidels
,
for
the
Deliverance
of
the
Holy
Land
,
and
to
give
over
the
Enterprise
of
Constaminople
,
as
apparently
contrary
to
their
first
Design
.
But
in
this
time
,
the
French
Princes
,
and
the
Venetians
,
who
were
of
another
Opinion
,
and
believed
this
to
be
the
readiest
Way
to
obtain
that
End
;
as
also
,
considering
that
the
Pope
had
said
nothing
in
his
Letters
to
oppose
that
Reason
,
they
believed
that
he
had
been
misinformed
of
their
Intentions
of
making
Constantinople
the
Way
to
Jerusalem
:
And
therefore
,
notwithstanding
his
Letters
,
they
proceeded
in
the
Treaty
,
and
at
length
finished
it
,
by
accepting
of
the
Conditions
offered
by
the
Ambassadors
of
Philip
and
the
young
Alexis
;
they
reciprocally
engaging
to
establish
him
upon
the
Throne
,
and
in
order
thereto
,
fifteen
Days
after
Easter
,
to
march
with
the
Army
and
Navy
,
to
his
Assistance
.
The
Articles
of
which
Treaty
were
on
each
side
ratified
by
mutual
Oaths
,
and
signed
by
the
Doge
,
Marquis
Boniface
,
the
Counts
of
Flanders
,
Blois
and
St.
Paul
,
and
eight
of
the
principal
Lords
of
their
Party
,
which
,
without
Comparison
,
was
much
the
strongest
.
The
Division
,
however
,
still
continued
,
and
was
so
far
from
being
quieted
by
these
Letters
of
the
Pope
,
that
,
on
the
contrary
,
it
was
more
angmented
by
them
;
and
there
being
such
a
fair
Colour
for
a
Separation
,
after
this
plain
Declaration
of
a
Soveraign
Pope
,
many
thereupon
took
occasion
to
abandon
the
Army
;
some
to
return
into
their
Native
Country
,
which
notwithstanding
,
they
never
did
,
but
miserably
perished
,
either
by
Shipwracks
upon
the
Sea
,
or
by
Thieves
and
the
Peasants
at
Land
,
who
fell
upon
them
in
their
Passage
,
and
robbed
them
of
all
they
had
,
even
to
their
very
Lives
:
Others
left
the
Army
,
to
go
directly
into
Palestine
;
as
did
Simon
and
Guy
,
Earls
of
Montfort
,
with
their
Abbot
du
Val
de
Sernay
;
who
were
followed
by
the
three
Brothers
,
Enguerrand
,
Robert
and
Hugh
de
Boves
,
and
all
those
whom
they
could
draw
along
with
them
,
either
by
their
Example
,
their
Persuasions
,
or
the
Authority
they
had
upon
their
Dependants
.
The
Abbot
de
la
Trappe
,
who
,
from
the
Beginning
,
fell
in
with
that
Party
,
did
not
fail
to
follow
it
to
the
End
,
and
accompanied
them
to
joyn
in
Pavia
,
year
1202
with
Renard
Count
de
Dampierre
,
with
whom
being
passed
into
Syria
,
he
there
soon
learnt
,
as
well
as
his
Companions
,
by
the
unfortunate
Success
of
that
Voyage
,
that
it
is
always
dangerous
to
joyn
with
those
,
who
,
under
the
pretext
of
Piety
and
Religion
,
cause
Divisions
,
by
separating
from
the
main
Body
.
Thus
the
Christian
Army
remained
much
weakned
by
the
Retreat
of
so
many
brave
Men
,
who
,
had
they
been
firmly
united
to
their
Head
,
might
have
done
considerable
Services
,
and
avoided
those
Misfortunes
which
,
by
their
Separation
,
fell
upon
them
.
As
for
the
Pope
,
he
took
it
so
heinously
that
the
Confederates
had
not
obeyed
his
Orders
and
Advice
,
that
he
commanded
his
two
Legates
,
the
Cardinals
of
Capua
and
St.
Praxede
,
to
withdraw
from
the
Army
,
and
sent
them
express
Order
to
sail
to
Cyprus
,
and
after
into
Syria
,
there
,
on
his
Behalf
,
to
negotiate
with
the
Crusades
who
were
gone
from
Hungary
,
and
had
imbarked
in
the
Ports
of
Italy
and
Marseilles
.
The
Princes
,
notwithstanding
this
Defection
,
pursued
their
Enterprise
with
more
Courage
and
Resolution
;
and
they
had
the
Comfort
presently
after
to
understand
that
the
Pope
,
as
they
had
hoped
,
being
better
informed
,
had
at
last
consented
to
their
Design
:
So
that
the
Venetians
,
after
they
had
demolished
Zara
,
to
prevent
its
Revolt
for
the
future
,
caused
the
whole
Army
,
consisting
in
about
forty
thousand
Combatants
,
to
imbark
immediately
after
Easter
.
The
Earls
of
Flanders
,
Blois
and
St.
Paul
sailed
first
,
steering
for
the
Isle
of
Corfu
,
at
that
time
belonging
to
the
Eastern
Empire
,
where
the
whole
Navy
was
appointed
to
rendezvous
.
The
Doge
and
the
Marquis
de
Montferrat
stayed
some
time
longer
at
the
Port
of
Zara
,
to
attend
the
Prince
Alexis
,
who
in
a
few
days
,
according
as
had
been
agreed
,
arrived
there
,
very
handsomly
attended
.
There
he
was
received
by
the
Doge
with
all
manner
of
Magnificence
;
there
were
Gallies
and
other
Vessels
presented
him
,
for
himself
,
and
those
of
his
Retinue
:
And
the
Marquis
Boniface
,
who
had
the
Honour
to
be
his
Ally
,
and
to
whom
the
Emperor
had
extreamly
recommended
the
Care
of
him
,
after
he
had
done
him
all
the
Honours
imaginable
,
protested
to
him
,
that
he
would
sacrifice
all
for
his
Service
,
and
that
he
would
never
abandon
him
,
till
he
saw
him
seated
upon
that
Throne
which
the
Usurper
so
injuriously
detained
from
him
.
After
this
,
the
Fleet
weighed
;
and
,
for
a
happy
Beginning
of
this
War
,
as
they
came
before
Duras
,
anciently
Dyrrachium
,
a
most
important
City
of
Macedonia
,
and
one
of
the
Keys
of
the
Grecian
Empire
,
the
Inhabitants
having
learnt
that
the
Prince
Alexis
was
on
Board
that
Fleet
,
they
carried
him
the
Keys
of
the
Place
,
and
swore
an
inviolable
Fidelity
to
him
.
And
with
this
happy
Presage
,
they
proceeded
,
in
a
few
days
,
to
joyn
the
other
part
of
the
Army
,
which
was
already
landed
upon
the
Isle
of
Corfu
.
This
Island
is
that
of
the
antient
Pheaques
,
which
Homer
hath
rendred
so
Famous
,
by
the
notable
Description
which
he
hath
given
of
the
Shipwrack
of
Vlysses
upon
it
,
the
proud
Palace
,
and
the
delicious
Gardens
of
King
Alcinous
.
It
lies
between
the
Gulph
of
Venice
and
the
Ionian
Sea
,
five
or
six
Miles
distant
from
Epyrus
,
being
between
twenty
and
thirty
Leagues
in
Length
from
North
to
South
,
and
about
nine
or
ten
in
Breadth
,
a
Soil
Rich
and
Plentiful
,
with
a
City
of
the
same
Name
,
very
Strong
,
and
a
Port
very
Commodious
,
in
a
Peninsula
on
that
side
which
looks
towards
Epyrus
.
It
was
returned
to
the
Obedience
of
the
Greeks
about
fifty
Years
before
,
the
Emperor
Manuel
by
the
Aid
of
the
Venetians
,
having
recovered
it
from
Roger
King
of
Sicily
,
who
had
before
taken
it
from
the
Greeks
.
But
those
who
kept
it
for
the
Emperor
,
having
learnt
that
the
Army
of
the
Crusades
was
going
to
re-establish
the
young
Alexis
,
they
acknowledged
him
for
their
Master
,
and
were
so
far
from
opposing
the
Descent
of
the
Army
,
that
they
promised
to
Surrender
the
City
so
soon
as
Constantinople
should
be
taken
;
so
that
the
Army
Landed
,
and
without
Hindrance
incamped
before
the
City
,
from
whence
they
received
all
manner
of
Necessaries
for
their
Refreshment
;
and
so
soon
as
they
understood
the
Arrival
of
the
rest
of
the
Fleet
,
they
marched
to
meet
the
Prince
Alexis
,
and
conducted
him
to
the
Camp
,
as
it
were
in
Triumph
,
through
the
Army
,
ranged
in
Battalia
,
amidst
the
loud
Acclamations
of
the
Captains
and
the
Soldiers
,
and
with
all
the
Testimonies
of
a
most
extraordinary
Joy
.
year
1203
But
it
was
not
long
Lived
,
for
those
who
before
the
Siege
of
Zara
,
had
indeavoured
to
break
the
Confederacy
,
either
out
of
a
De●●●e
of
returning
Home
,
or
as
they
pretended
,
going
immediately
into
Syria
,
by
a
Way
of
their
own
Chusing
,
began
here
to
renew
their
Trade
of
tampering
with
the
Army
,
heightning
the
Difficulties
and
Dangers
which
they
said
were
inevitable
in
this
Enterprise
upon
Constantinople
,
which
would
ingage
them
in
a
Work
of
many
Years
.
By
these
Arts
they
debauched
a
great
Party
of
the
Soldiers
,
of
whom
they
had
Assurance
upon
Occasion
,
though
for
the
present
they
durst
not
declare
themselves
.
The
Princes
,
who
perceived
it
,
were
dreadfully
afraid
of
the
Danger
which
they
apprehended
might
ensue
upon
their
being
Abandoned
by
the
greatest
part
of
their
Soldiers
,
and
thereby
seeing
themselves
reduced
to
a
Disability
of
pursuing
the
Enterprise
which
they
had
so
happily
begun
.
Whereupon
after
mature
Deliberation
,
and
a
clear
Understanding
of
the
Matter
,
they
concluded
,
that
if
upon
this
Occasion
they
should
go
about
to
make
use
of
their
Authority
,
and
think
by
Compulsion
to
procure
Obedience
,
therebeing
so
many
considerable
Lords
and
Gentlemen
,
who
were
not
used
to
be
so
treated
,
it
might
make
them
run
the
Hazard
of
destroying
one
another
,
and
prove
a
Remedy
incomparably
worse
than
the
Disease
;
they
resolved
therefore
upon
an
odd
Experiment
,
which
as
it
was
without
all
President
,
so
in
probability
,
it
will
never
be
an
Example
for
future
Imitation
.
For
immediately
mounting
on
Horseback
,
with
the
Prince
of
Constantinople
,
and
all
the
Bishops
and
Abbots
,
which
were
of
their
Party
,
they
went
to
find
out
the
principal
of
the
Cabal
,
who
were
already
separated
from
the
Army
,
the
chief
of
which
were
Eudes
de
Champlite
,
James
d'
Avesnes
,
Peter
de
Amiens
,
Guy
de
Coucy
,
William
d'
Aunoy
,
Guy
de
Chappes
,
Guy
de
Constans
,
Richard
,
and
Eudes
de
Dampierre
.
The
Princes
no
sooner
saw
them
but
they
alighted
from
their
Horses
,
which
obliged
the
Malecontents
to
do
the
same
,
being
much
surprized
to
see
those
great
Princes
come
with
so
much
Respect
to
Gentlemen
,
who
assuredly
were
much
their
Inferiors
both
in
Birth
and
Quality
;
but
they
were
much
more
amazed
,
when
the
Princes
being
come
up
to
them
,
threw
themselves
at
their
Feet
,
and
with
Eyes
bathed
in
Tears
,
conjured
them
in
the
Name
of
God
,
not
to
abandon
them
in
an
Enterprise
,
upon
which
the
Recovery
of
the
Holy
Land
absolutely
depended
;
and
protested
that
they
would
never
rise
from
that
Posture
,
till
they
had
obtained
the
Favour
they
desired
.
In
truth
,
this
surprizing
way
,
so
wholly
Irregular
,
and
so
much
below
the
Dignity
of
Princes
,
had
nothing
of
Policy
in
it
,
being
apt
to
expose
Majesty
to
Contempt
,
and
render
Authority
dispisable
to
Subjects
and
Soldiers
,
who
by
such
Submissions
are
usually
made
more
Fierce
,
because
they
seem
to
make
them
more
Considerable
:
But
there
are
certain
Moments
and
Encounters
,
wherein
a
kind
of
irregular
Conduct
,
wholly
extraordinary
,
and
against
all
manner
of
Forms
,
shall
immediately
gain
that
by
Surprise
,
which
all
humane
Prudence
,
managed
by
Methods
,
and
according
to
Rules
of
Art
,
shall
never
be
able
to
obtain
by
the
strongest
Force
of
Reason
and
Argument
.
These
Gentlemen
,
afraid
and
ashamed
to
see
those
Persons
at
their
Feet
,
whom
Nature
had
elevated
above
them
,
and
their
own
Choice
had
made
their
Heads
,
were
so
touched
with
this
Action
,
that
unable
to
retain
their
Sobs
and
Tears
,
they
prostrated
themselves
before
the
Princes
,
and
promised
them
intire
Satisfaction
of
their
Demands
.
And
after
having
consulted
a
few
Minutes
among
themselves
,
that
so
they
might
act
more
firmly
by
common
Consent
,
they
ingaged
to
serve
them
with
all
their
Troops
,
in
the
War
of
Constantinople
,
till
the
end
of
September
,
provided
the
Princes
would
promise
upon
Oath
,
upon
the
expiration
of
that
Term
,
in
fifteen
days
to
furnish
them
with
such
Shipping
as
was
requisite
for
their
Transportation
from
Constantinople
into
Syria
.
The
Conditions
being
accepted
,
and
mutual
Faith
on
both
Sides
given
,
with
all
the
Marks
of
a
perfect
Reconciliation
,
they
Imbarked
on
the
Eve
of
Whitsunday
,
and
after
having
coasted
all
Morea
and
Achaia
,
the
Fleet
came
to
an
Anchor
in
the
Negropont
,
where
being
divided
into
two
Squadrons
,
the
first
,
wherein
was
the
Prince
Alexis
,
with
the
Marquis
Boniface
,
and
Count
Baldwin
,
sailed
to
the
Isle
of
Andros
,
where
the
Inhabitants
immediately
yielded
themselves
to
their
Prince
:
The
second
sailed
to
rights
to
the
Straits
of
the
Hellespont
,
where
they
made
a
Descent
at
the
City
of
Abydus
,
year
1202
which
is
in
the
Entrance
of
the
Strait
on
the
Coast
of
Asia
,
the
inhabitants
immediately
presenting
them
with
the
Keys
of
their
City
.
So
that
all
the
Fleet
had
the
Opportunity
to
assemble
,
as
it
did
in
eight
Days
after
;
and
then
passed
the
Chanal
which
seemed
all
covered
between
Europe
and
Asia
,
with
Ships
and
Gallies
,
which
composed
the
gallantest
Fleet
that
the
Christians
had
ever
seen
upon
those
Seas
;
they
came
to
an
Anchor
at
the
Port
of
the
Abby
of
St.
Stephen
upon
the
Bank
of
the
Propontis
,
on
the
Thracian
Coast
;
about
five
or
six
miles
from
Heptapyrgium
,
which
is
the
famous
Castle
of
seven
Towers
.
From
thence
,
as
they
resolved
to
go
to
the
Islands
of
those
Seas
,
to
secure
themselves
of
Provisions
before
they
attempted
to
form
a
Siege
by
Land
against
so
great
and
strong
a
City
,
the
Wind
and
the
Current
carried
the
Fleet
from
the
West
to
the
East
along
by
the
Coast
of
the
City
which
is
situate
upon
the
Propontis
so
near
the
Walls
,
which
were
all
crouded
with
Greek
Soldiers
,
that
with
their
Darts
they
might
reach
the
Ships
.
The
Ships
also
came
so
near
as
to
be
able
to
strike
a
Terror
into
the
Hearts
of
the
most
undaunted
,
who
might
at
one
View
discover
three
hundred
Vessels
,
in
order
of
Battle
,
which
made
the
fairest
and
yet
one
of
the
most
terrible
Sights
in
the
World
;
the
Standards
flying
upon
the
Poops
,
the
Ensigns
displaid
,
the
Flags
,
and
Pendants
flying
in
the
Wind
,
the
Machines
mounted
upon
the
Decks
,
and
the
Shields
of
the
Knights
painted
with
their
Arms
,
glittering
with
Gold
and
Silver
,
ranged
all
along
the
Hatches
,
seemed
to
represent
the
Battlements
of
some
glorious
City
.
It
was
in
this
Condition
that
this
Gallant
and
formidable
Navy
bearing
with
full
Sails
before
the
Wind
,
was
carried
to
the
Port
of
Chalcedon
where
the
Army
made
an
immediate
Descent
.
Chalcedon
sometimes
so
famous
for
the
fourth
Universal
Council
,
which
was
there
held
under
the
Emperor
Martian
in
the
Papacy
of
St.
Leo
,
in
the
magnificent
Church
of
St.
Euphemia
,
was
at
this
time
an
indifferent
fair
City
,
situate
in
a
Peninsula
,
which
advancing
it self
into
the
Sea
at
the
Entrance
of
the
Bosphorus
over
against
Constantinople
,
forms
upon
its
two
sides
two
Ports
,
whereof
that
which
is
upon
the
East
,
was
very
large
and
capable
of
receiving
a
great
number
of
ships
;
that
which
rendred
it
more
considerable
was
the
proud
Palace
,
which
the
Emperors
had
caused
to
be
built
,
near
that
City
,
there
to
enjoy
the
Beauty
of
the
Place
,
and
the
Sweetness
of
the
Country
Air
which
hath
the
Reputation
of
being
very
healthful
.
But
since
the
Turks
are
become
Masters
of
the
Empire
,
they
have
in
such
manner
ruined
this
poor
City
and
all
the
Country
thereabout
.
That
there
remain
scarcely
any
Footsteps
either
of
Palaces
or
so
much
as
of
any
Walls
;
nor
is
it
any
thing
but
a
wretched
Village
,
composed
of
the
Cabins
of
a
few
pitiful
Fishermen
.
The
Port
for
want
of
use
and
care
being
also
now
so
grown
up
with
Sand
,
that
it
admits
of
no
other
Vessels
but
those
poor
Fisher
Boots
.
There
it
was
that
upon
St.
John
Baptist's
Day
,
the
whole
Army
landed
and
lodged
themselves
most
commodiously
,
partly
in
the
City
,
partly
in
the
Palace
,
and
the
remainder
in
the
Country
Houses
,
of
Pleasure
thereabouts
where
they
found
abundance
of
Wealth
which
they
put
into
the
Ships
,
which
had
now
only
the
Mariners
aboard
them
.
Two
days
after
this
fair
Fleet
was
conducted
to
the
Port
of
Scutari
formerly
known
by
the
name
of
Chrysopolis
,
over
against
the
Promontory
of
Bosphorus
,
or
that
of
Acropolis
,
now
the
Seraglio
,
which
is
seperated
by
the
Strait
not
above
a
good
mile
.
At
the
same
time
the
whole
Army
took
its
March
by
Land
,
in
order
of
Battle
,
along
the
Bosphorus
,
having
Constantinople
upon
their
left
hand
,
which
they
fiercely
beheld
as
their
approaching
Conquest
,
and
the
Subject
of
their
future
glory
,
and
went
and
encamped
below
Scutari
,
upon
the
Bank
of
the
Strait
,
fully
resolved
to
pass
it
in
the
Sight
of
their
Enemies
,
as
they
did
in
the
manner
,
which
I
shall
relate
,
so
soon
as
I
shall
have
given
an
Account
of
the
Condition
wherein
the
City
of
Constantinople
then
was
to
resist
such
resolute
Enemies
,
as
came
generously
to
attack
it
and
fully
determined
to
carry
it
,
or
to
perish
.
year
1203
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
CRUSADE
OR
,
The
Expeditions
of
the
Christian
Princes
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
.
PART
III.
BOOK
II.
The
CONTENTS
of
the
Second
Book
.
The
Condition
wherein
the
City
of
Constantinople
was
when
it
was
besieged
by
the
French
and
Venetian
Crusades
.
The
Defeat
of
the
Vsurpers
Brother-in-Law
by
a
small
Party
of
the
French
.
The
Passage
and
the
Battle
of
the
Bosphorus
.
The
taking
of
the
Castle
of
Galatha
.
The
Venetians
force
the
Entry
of
the
Port.
An
Assault
given
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
to
Constantinople
.
The
Venetians
take
five
and
twenty
Towers
.
A
Sally
made
by
the
Emperor
Alexis
with
a
prodigious
Army
,
and
his
Infamous
Cowardice
.
His
Flight
,
and
the
Reduction
of
Constantinople
.
The
Establishment
of
Isaac
and
the
young
Alexis
.
A
Prolongation
of
the
Treaty
,
for
a
Tear
between
that
Emperor
and
the
Confederate
Princes
.
Their
Exploits
in
Thracia
.
A
dreadful
Fire
at
Constantinople
.
The
History
of
the
horrible
Treason
of
Murrzuphle
.
The
young
Alexis
suffers
himself
to
be
surprized
by
the
Artifices
of
that
Traytor
,
and
breaks
with
the
Confederates
.
The
Speech
of
Conon
de
Bethune
to
the
Emperors
,
to
oblige
them
to
accomplish
their
Treaty
.
War
declared
against
them
upon
their
Refusal
.
The
Greeks
attempt
in
Vain
to
burn
the
Venetian
Fleet.
The
Discription
of
that
wild
Fire
.
year
2103
The
consequent
Treasons
of
Murtzuphle
.
The
Election
of
Cannabus
.
The
double
Treason
of
Murtzuphle
;
who
makes
himself
be
proclaimed
Emperor
.
The
Death
of
Isaac
,
and
of
the
young
Alexis
,
whom
Murtzuphle
strangles
with
his
own
Hands
.
The
Confederates
make
War
against
the
Tyrant
.
His
Defeat
by
Henry
the
Brother
of
Count
Baldwin
.
The
first
Assault
given
upon
the
Port
side
of
Constantinople
,
wherein
the
Confederates
are
repulsed
.
The
Second
Assault
by
which
the
City
is
taken
by
plain
Force
.
The
Flight
of
Murtzuphle
.
The
Greeks
lay
down
their
Arms.
The
City
plundered
,
and
the
Booty
there
gained
.
The
Reliques
from
thence
transported
to
several
Churches
of
Europe
.
Baldwin
,
Earl
of
Flanders
,
chosen
Emperor
The
Policy
of
the
Venetians
in
the
Election
of
that
Prince
.
His
Elogy
and
Character
.
The
Election
of
a
Patriarch
.
The
Destribution
of
the
Provinces
of
the
Empire
.
The
happy
beginning
of
the
Emperor
,
who
reduceth
all
Thracia
.
Murtzuphle
surprized
,
and
betrayed
by
the
Old
Alexis
,
who
puts
out
his
Eyes
.
The
Flight
of
Alexis
,
and
the
taking
of
Murtzuphle
.
He
is
brought
back
to
Constantinople
,
where
for
the
Punishment
of
his
Crimes
,
he
is
thrown
headlong
from
a
high
Columne
.
Old
Alexis
taken
.
His
End
.
The
Glorious
Success
of
this
Crusade
.
THE
Imperial
City
of
Constantinople
,
of
which
I
have
given
the
Survey
and
exact
Description
,
in
the
Second
Book
of
the
History
of
the
Iconclastes
,
conformable
to
the
Condition
,
wherein
it
was
under
the
Empire
of
Constantinus
Copronymus
,
was
neither
so
strong
,
so
fair
,
nor
so
well
peopled
at
that
time
,
as
it
was
now
when
the
French
and
Venetians
,
undertook
to
make
themselves
Masters
of
it
by
plain
Force
;
as
for
the
Multitude
of
Inhabitants
,
the
Turks
having
now
overrun
and
conquered
the
greatest
part
of
Natolia
,
except
some
Maritime
places
upon
the
Bosphorus
,
the
Propomis
and
the
Aegean
Sea
,
the
Asiatick
Greeks
came
generally
to
inhabit
at
Constantinople
,
to
secure
themselves
from
the
Tyranny
of
the
Infidels
.
And
for
its
Beauty
,
it
was
so
far
from
having
lost
any
,
that
it
was
mightily
augmented
by
the
great
number
of
Palaces
,
publick
Buildings
and
magnificent
Churches
,
which
since
that
time
had
been
built
,
which
were
so
increased
that
one
might
count
above
five
hundred
of
them
,
which
rearing
their
lofty
Spires
,
and
stately
Towers
,
above
the
rest
of
the
City
,
shewed
at
once
a
most
pleasing
and
Majestick
Prospect
to
the
Beholders
;
so
that
when
the
Crusades
first
discovered
this
great
and
Illustrious
City
from
the
highest
places
of
the
Port
of
the
Abby
of
St.
Stephen
,
they
were
so
pleasingly
surprized
,
that
they
were
forced
to
avow
,
that
they
had
never
seen
any
thing
comparable
to
it
in
the
whole
World
.
And
lastly
for
its
Strength
,
it
had
all
that
Nature
could
contribute
to
it
by
its
incomparable
Situation
between
three
Seas
,
which
invironed
it
in
the
Nature
of
a
Peninsula
of
a
Triangular
Figure
,
the
Propontis
on
the
South
,
the
Bosphorus
on
the
East
,
and
the
Gulph
which
makes
the
Port
,
upon
the
North.
Nor
was
there
any
thing
wanting
,
which
Art
could
add
either
towards
the
Sea
or
Land
,
to
render
it
impregnable
;
and
though
the
Avarice
and
Negligence
of
some
of
the
later
Emperors
,
had
suffered
it
to
be
much
weakned
in
the
Fortifications
,
yet
was
it
in
such
a
Condition
,
that
the
greatest
Captains
among
the
Crusades
,
believed
they
had
never
seen
any
thing
more
difficult
to
be
undertaken
than
to
besiege
it
.
For
to
the
Landward
it
was
encompassed
with
double
Walls
of
hewn
Stone
mingled
with
Brick
,
with
a
Ditch
of
five
and
twenty
paces
breadth
,
which
was
filled
with
a
Spring
which
never
suffered
it
to
be
dry
;
the
two
Walls
were
eighteen
Foot
distance
from
each
other
,
and
extending
from
the
Angle
of
the
Propontis
on
the
South
,
to
the
seven
Towers
,
and
from
thence
to
the
Gulph
upon
the
North
,
joyning
the
Palace
and
the
Gate
of
Blaquerness
.
The
inward
Wall
was
one
hundred
Foot
high
,
year
1203
and
about
twenty
broad
,
having
at
just
distances
eighty
six
Towers
to
defend
it
.
The
outward
Wall
was
not
above
half
so
high
,
but
in
like
manner
fortified
with
the
same
Number
of
strong
Towers
;
and
reached
from
the
one
Sea
to
the
other
upon
the
Thracian
side
,
being
near
two
Leagues
in
length
.
The
Walls
which
were
next
the
Sea
were
much
lower
,
but
very
thick
,
being
above
a
good
mile
in
length
upon
that
side
,
which
is
washed
by
the
Propontis
to
the
point
of
the
Bosphorus
,
and
defended
by
one
hundred
eighty
and
eight
Towers
;
that
side
of
the
Gulph
,
which
stretches
it self
towards
the
North
,
and
makes
the
Port
of
Constantinople
in
the
form
of
a
Crescent
,
being
above
two
Leagues
,
reacheth
as
far
as
Blaquerness
,
and
is
defended
by
one
hundred
and
ten
Towers
;
so
that
admitting
there
were
men
enough
to
guard
so
many
Towers
,
which
mutually
defend
one
another
,
it
must
needs
be
a
very
difficult
attempt
to
take
the
City
by
Assault
.
Besides
the
Port
was
not
only
defended
by
these
Towers
,
and
Walls
,
by
the
Acropolis
or
Fortress
which
was
upon
the
Point
of
the
Promontory
of
the
Bosphorus
;
but
also
by
the
strong
Town
of
Galatha
,
situate
on
the
other
side
of
the
Gulph
,
but
above
all
by
the
Tower
or
Castle
there
,
from
whence
a
vast
Chain
,
supported
by
great
Timbers
in
the
Sea
,
was
drawn
to
the
Acropolis
,
and
locked
up
the
Entrance
into
the
Haven
.
And
for
the
Multitude
of
those
who
were
to
defend
the
City
,
it
was
innumerable
;
for
there
were
then
at
Constantinople
above
a
hundred
thousand
men
sit
to
serve
on
Horseback
,
and
more
than
three
times
that
number
of
Foot
well
armed
;
besides
the
Soldiers
of
the
Imperial
Guard
,
which
was
very
strong
and
composed
principally
of
the
English-Danes
,
whom
the
Greeks
call
Barranges
,
which
being
banished
from
England
by
Edward
,
who
was
descended
from
the
Ancient
English
Saxon
Kings
,
had
betaken
themselves
to
the
Greek
Emperors
,
who
had
used
these
People
for
above
a
hundred
and
fifty
Years
,
as
their
Ordinary
Guards
.
This
was
the
Condition
wherein
Constantinople
then
stood
,
to
the
Strength
of
which
Alexis
Commenius
too
much
trusted
,
believing
it
impossible
for
the
Power
of
the
whole
Earth
,
if
it
were
assembled
together
to
be
able
to
force
it
.
This
Prince
had
acquired
the
Reputation
of
a
valiant
man
and
a
great
Captain
before
he
came
to
the
Empire
;
and
that
was
one
great
reason
that
he
met
with
no
greater
Opposition
in
his
Usurpation
;
for
it
was
generally
believed
that
he
was
another
kind
of
man
for
War
and
Business
than
his
Brother
Isaac
Angelus
,
and
that
therefore
he
would
by
his
Arms
,
better
support
the
Majesty
of
the
Empire
and
its
Dominions
against
the
Barbarians
,
who
frequently
attacked
them
with
great
advantage
.
But
it
is
too
often
seen
that
the
Change
of
Fortune
and
a
happy
State
,
produce
also
a
Change
in
the
manners
,
and
the
Conduct
of
men
;
and
those
Vices
,
which
before
it
was
necessary
to
conceal
,
by
the
appearance
of
Vertue
,
appear
barefaced
when
they
come
to
have
Liberty
fortified
by
Power
,
and
are
from
under
the
Curb
and
Discipline
of
Fear
.
So
this
Alexis
was
no
sooner
an
Emperor
,
but
that
he
became
the
most
cowardly
and
dissolute
Person
in
the
World
,
never
thinking
of
any
thing
but
how
to
drown
himself
in
Pleasures
,
and
abandoning
the
Care
of
the
publick
Affairs
to
those
who
either
wholly
neglected
them
,
or
at
least
regarded
them
only
to
search
for
opportunities
of
inriching
themselves
out
of
the
Spoils
of
the
publick
.
And
indeed
he
was
certainly
now
become
most
stupid
,
for
though
it
was
the
Town
Discourse
at
Constantinople
,
what
great
Preparations
the
French
and
Venetians
were
making
,
and
that
they
had
undertaken
to
resettle
the
Young
Alexis
in
the
Throne
,
yet
did
he
not
make
the
least
Preparations
for
a
War
;
only
some
times
in
the
Jollity
of
his
Entertainments
,
and
the
Heat
of
his
Wine
,
in
which
he
plunged
himself
day
after
day
;
when
his
Head
was
warm
he
would
tell
those
who
were
the
Companions
of
his
Debauches
,
that
he
would
send
out
a
Party
of
his
Guards
,
who
should
bring
this
handful
of
Hairbrain
Fellows
bound
in
Irons
,
who
being
weary
of
their
Lives
were
come
so
far
to
search
for
Death
at
so
great
a
charge
,
to
have
the
Honor
to
die
by
his
Commands
.
Nor
did
he
recover
out
of
this
profound
Lethargie
,
till
he
understood
that
the
Confederate
Army
,
after
the
Reduction
of
Duras
,
had
assured
themselves
of
the
Isle
of
Corfu
;
and
then
indeed
he
began
to
give
Orders
for
the
Defence
of
Constantinople
,
causing
all
the
Soldiers
which
were
quartered
round
the
Country
to
enter
into
the
City
;
year
1203
all
that
he
could
do
to
hinder
them
from
entring
into
the
Port
,
was
to
arme
twenty
Gallies
,
to
guard
the
Chain
,
so
disfurnished
was
his
Arsenal
by
the
Negligence
or
Covetousness
of
his
Brother-in-Law
Michel
Stryphnus
,
the
high
Admiral
,
who
had
turned
the
Sails
,
the
Cordage
,
the
Anchors
,
and
even
the
Bolts
and
Iron
Nails
of
his
Navy
into
Gold
and
Silver
.
Having
in
this
manner
provided
for
the
Defence
of
Constantinople
,
so
soon
as
he
saw
the
Confederate
Army
was
landed
at
Scutari
,
he
drew
out
and
encamped
also
with
the
greatest
part
of
his
Army
upon
the
Bank
of
the
Bosphorus
,
opposite
to
the
Camp
of
the
Confederates
,
who
took
some
days
to
refresh
themselves
,
before
they
resolved
to
pass
the
Arm
of
the
Sea
,
in
the
sight
of
the
Emperor
and
his
Army
,
which
was
incomparably
more
in
number
than
theirs
:
And
in
the
mean
time
Alexis
caused
his
Brother-in-Law
with
the
choice
of
his
Cavalry
to
pass
over
three
or
four
Leagues
,
below
the
two
Camps
,
to
hinder
the
Latins
from
forraging
,
and
to
glean
up
such
as
they
found
straggling
for
Forrage
in
the
Fields
.
This
gave
an
occasion
to
some
brave
men
to
make
a
happy
Presage
of
this
War
,
by
such
an
uncommon
Action
of
Galantry
,
as
made
it
equally
apparent
,
how
resolute
and
undaunted
the
French
were
,
and
what
shameful
Cowards
those
were
upon
whom
the
Emperor
depended
as
the
most
Valiant
men
of
his
Army
.
For
about
fourscore
Cavaliers
under
the
Conduct
of
Eudes
and
William
de
Champlite
,
the
Count
Gras
,
who
came
along
with
the
Marquis
Montferrat
,
of
Oger
de
Saint
Cheron
,
and
Manasses
de
L'
Isle
,
being
gone
out
to
score
the
Fields
and
Convoy
the
Forragers
,
discovered
at
a
good
distance
this
Brigade
of
Greeks
,
wherein
there
was
at
least
five
hundred
men
at
Arms
,
with
a
Proportionate
number
of
Foot
,
incamped
at
the
Foot
of
a
Hill
which
covered
them
.
This
great
in
equality
could
not
hinder
these
Valiant
men
from
a
sudden
and
generous
resolution
to
attack
them
even
in
their
Camp
.
Having
therefore
divided
themselves
into
four
little
Squadrons
,
at
the
same
time
that
the
Greeks
dispising
so
finall
a
number
of
Horse
,
who
had
no
Infantry
to
sustain
them
,
were
putting
themselves
in
Battle
without
their
Camp
,
with
an
Intention
to
surround
them
,
they
marched
to
charge
the
Enemy
,
who
made
shew
of
receiving
them
;
but
upon
the
first
shock
these
cowardly
Greeks
,
unable
to
indure
the
Sight
of
the
Latins
,
whom
they
thought
Devils
rather
than
men
,
seeing
with
what
Heat
and
Fury
they
ran
to
the
Charge
,
immediately
routed
themselves
and
betook
them
to
a
shameful
Flight
,
following
the
example
of
their
Captains
who
were
not
in
the
Rere
at
that
time
;
so
that
the
Squadrons
who
pursued
them
for
a
good
League
killed
a
great
many
without
resistance
,
whilest
the
rest
saved
themselves
upon
their
ships
,
leaving
the
Conquerors
Masters
of
their
Camp
,
where
they
found
a
rich
Booty
,
which
infinitely
rejoyced
the
whole
Army
,
who
now
regarded
no
more
the
Cowardly
Multitude
of
their
Enemies
,
but
as
a
sort
of
People
with
whose
spoils
they
were
to
inrich
themselves
.
There
is
nothing
so
pitifully
Timerous
as
a
wicked
man
,
who
is
attacked
with
a
potent
Enemy
without
,
at
the
same
time
that
his
guilty
Conscience
makes
a
cruel
War
within
his
Soul
;
Alexis
who
was
astonished
at
this
unlucky
beginning
,
and
who
had
now
more
than
ever
before
his
Eyes
the
terrible
Image
of
his
Crimes
,
the
dreadful
Punishment
whereof
he
feared
the
Latins
were
to
execute
,
besieved
that
it
was
his
best
way
to
endeavour
to
make
a
Peace
and
avoid
an
unpropitious
War
,
but
withal
without
shewing
any
Fear
,
that
so
he
might
obtain
what
he
did
so
earnestly
hope
.
For
this
purpose
the
next
day
he
sent
to
the
Princes
a
Gentleman
of
Lombardy
,
called
Nicholas
Rossi
,
who
was
an
Inhabitant
of
Constantinople
.
The
Lombard
after
he
had
shewn
them
his
Letters
of
Credence
,
the
Confederates
being
Assembled
in
the
Palace
of
Scutari
,
to
give
him
Audience
,
delivered
himself
after
this
manner
.
He
acquainted
them
that
the
Emperor
his
Master
,
was
very
well
acquainted
with
their
Merit
and
their
Quality
,
which
did
not
give
place
to
any
in
the
World
,
except
crowned
Heads
;
That
he
was
well
informed
that
they
had
taken
upon
them
the
Cross
,
and
armed
themselves
against
the
Sarasins
,
to
recover
the
Holy
Sepulchre
of
Jesus
Christ
out
of
their
wicked
Hands
;
that
therefore
he
was
much
amazed
to
,
find
that
instead
of
pursuing
that
glorious
Design
,
they
were
entred
upon
the
I
erritories
of
a
Prince
;
a
Christian
Emperor
.
year
1203
That
if
they
wanted
Provisions
,
he
should
with
great
Joy
be
ready
most
liberally
to
supply
them
with
what
ever
they
wanted
,
that
so
he
might
have
the
Satisfaction
on
his
part
to
contribute
something
to
that
Holy
Enterprise
;
that
after
this
,
he
fairly
desired
them
to
retreat
with
all
Expedition
out
of
the
Countries
of
the
Empire
,
lest
otherwise
he
should
to
his
great
regret
find
himself
constrained
to
employ
all
his
Forces
against
them
,
which
had
they
five
times
the
Number
of
Troops
they
had
,
they
would
find
it
impossible
for
them
to
resist
.
This
was
what
the
Envoy
had
in
charge
to
say
,
who
by
the
cunning
Artifice
of
the
Tyrant
,
was
taught
not
to
touch
in
the
least
upon
that
jarring
String
of
his
violent
Usurpation
,
which
he
very
well
knew
was
the
sole
Canse
of
this
Enterprise
.
It
was
for
this
reason
that
the
Princes
,
after
a
Moments
Deliberation
upon
what
was
fit
to
be
done
upon
this
occasion
,
desired
Conon
de
Bethune
,
a
Knight
who
had
the
Reputation
to
be
one
of
the
discreetest
men
and
best
Speakers
of
his
time
to
give
an
Answer
to
the
Envoy
,
which
with
great
Majesty
and
Eloquence
he
did
in
these
Terms
.
Tell
your
Master
from
the
Princes
and
Confederate
Lords
,
that
his
Astonishment
is
neither
rational
nor
sincere
;
That
he
knows
better
than
to
need
any
Information
,
that
it
is
not
upon
the
Lands
of
his
Empire
that
we
are
entred
,
since
the
Empire
does
not
appertain
to
him
;
but
to
the
Prince
Alexis
his
Nephew
,
whom
you
see
here
present
in
this
August
Assembly
,
and
who
is
the
only
lawful
Heir
of
the
Emperor
Isaac
,
from
whom
his
Brother
hath
most
unjustly
and
cruelly
usurped
the
Empire
.
But
that
,
if
repenting
of
this
horrible
Injustice
,
he
will
come
and
beg
his
Pardon
of
the
Prince
,
who
hath
Arms
in
his
Hand
to
punish
him
,
and
at
the
same
time
lay
the
Crown
at
his
Feet
,
which
he
hath
ravished
from
him
,
by
the
most
detestable
Treason
and
Violence
,
the
Princes
hope
they
shall
be
able
not
only
to
procure
him
that
favour
,
but
to
prevail
with
the
Emperor
Alexis
to
make
such
a
Provision
for
him
,
as
may
inable
him
to
pass
the
rest
of
his
Days
in
peaceable
Honor
;
but
that
without
this
compliance
they
desired
him
not
to
be
so
rash
as
to
bring
any
more
such
Messages
unto
them
.
This
was
the
answer
which
in
the
name
of
the
Princes
,
was
returned
by
the
Brave
and
Sage
Conon
de
Bethune
,
whose
illustrious
House
,
which
before
flourished
in
the
Reign
of
Hugh
Capet
,
in
the
Person
of
Robert
Lord
de
Bethune
,
protector
of
Arras
,
hath
not
only
hitherto
maintained
its
first
Lustre
,
but
hath
been
much
augmented
in
his
Descendants
by
the
great
Employs
,
and
the
high
Dignities
,
which
their
Merit
and
Services
,
have
acquired
from
the
Bountiful
acknowledgements
of
our
Kings
.
After
this
,
that
the
Confederates
might
once
more
try
what
was
to
be
done
by
the
Ways
of
sweetness
,
before
they
should
come
to
make
use
of
Force
,
they
resolved
,
to
sail
by
the
City
,
upon
the
side
of
the
Propontis
,
and
to
shew
the
young
Alexis
to
the
People
who
would
run
to
the
Walls
,
and
invite
them
to
declare
in
his
Favour
against
the
Usurper
,
thereby
if
it
were
possible
to
avoid
those
Mischiefs
of
a
War
,
which
must
of
Necessity
be
severe
to
such
as
must
expect
to
be
treated
like
Conquered
Rebels
,
and
Complices
in
the
Crimes
of
the
detestable
Tyrant
,
But
when
they
perceived
that
either
the
Fear
of
the
Power
of
the
Usurper
,
or
the
hatred
which
the
Greeks
had
to
the
Latins
,
hindered
the
Constantinopolitans
from
doing
any
thing
in
favour
of
the
Prince
,
a
great
Council
of
War
was
held
the
next
day
on
Horseback
in
the
open
Field
,
where
it
was
resolved
,
that
the
French
should
attempt
to
pass
over
the
Bosphorus
below
Scutari
,
in
sight
of
the
great
Army
of
Alexis
Comnenius
,
which
was
encamped
on
the
further
Bank
,
and
that
they
should
attack
Galatha
,
to
make
themselves
Masters
of
the
Port
,
at
the
same
time
that
the
Venetians
should
set
upon
the
Gallies
,
which
desended
the
Chain
at
the
Entry
of
it
.
For
this
purpose
the
whole
French
Army
was
divided
into
six
Bridages
;
the
first
was
that
of
the
Earl
of
Flanders
,
who
had
the
Van
,
in
regard
that
he
had
under
his
Command
,
more
Archers
and
Cross-Bow
men
than
any
of
the
rest
,
who
were
most
proper
to
disperse
the
Enemies
.
Henry
his
Brother
accompanied
with
Matthew
de
Valincourt
had
the
Second
.
The
Count
de
St.
Paul
with
his
Nephew
Peter
de
Amiens
,
led
the
third
The
fourth
was
commanded
by
Lewis
Earl
of
Blois
.
The
Brave
Matthew
de
Montmorenci
,
the
Son
of
the
Constable
Matthew
the
first
,
with
Geoffry
de
Ville-Hardouin
,
Mareshal
of
Champagne
,
was
at
the
Head
of
the
fifth
.
And
the
Marquis
Boniface
brought
up
the
Rear
,
year
1203
with
a
fair
and
numerous
Troop
of
his
own
Subjects
,
and
the
French
who
inhabit
betwixt
the
Alpes
and
the
Rhone
.
Never
was
there
seen
to
appear
greater
Courage
and
Resolution
,
than
to
engage
in
this
Enterprise
,
which
seemed
to
be
the
most
rash
Undertaking
in
the
World
,
among
all
the
Captains
and
the
Soldiers
:
For
,
to
shew
that
they
were
all
determined
either
to
die
or
to
force
their
Passage
,
in
despight
of
the
Army
of
the
Enemies
,
though
ten
times
stronger
than
theirs
,
they
made
their
Wills
,
and
received
Absolution
from
the
Bishops
and
Abbots
;
who
,
to
encourage
them
to
do
bravely
,
put
themselves
also
aboard
the
Ships
with
the
Princes
and
Soldiers
.
There
were
about
two
hundred
who
were
ranged
in
two
great
Lines
:
The
Knights
and
the
Men
at
Arms
went
foremost
upon
the
flat
bottom'd
Boats
,
their
Servants
holding
their
Horses
,
sadled
and
caparison'd
with
rich
Housses
of
Taffata
down
to
their
Feet
,
and
,
according
to
the
manner
of
that
Age
,
adorned
with
the
Arms
of
their
Masters
:
Upon
each
side
of
them
rowed
the
Long-Boats
,
filled
with
Archers
and
Cross-Bows
,
who
,
as
they
advanced
to
the
other
side
,
discharged
a
mortal
Shower
of
Steel
,
without
ceasing
,
upon
their
Enemies
.
The
second
Line
was
composed
of
Gallies
,
every
one
of
which
towed
a
great
Ship
,
that
so
they
might
come
up
all
together
,
and
make
the
stronger
Charge
upon
the
Enemy
,
by
fighting
all
at
once
on
the
several
parts
of
the
Bank
upon
which
they
were
posted
.
The
whole
Army
being
in
this
manner
imbarked
,
every
one
keeping
the
Order
wherein
the
six
Squadrons
were
disposed
upon
the
two
Lines
,
early
in
the
Morning
,
the
8th
Day
of
July
,
they
began
to
row
to
rights
against
the
Enemy
;
who
,
on
their
side
,
advanced
in
good
Order
towards
the
Shoar
.
Never
could
there
be
seen
any
thing
more
terribly
beautiful
than
this
Spectacle
:
The
Sky
was
mighty
serene
,
and
the
Sun
,
which
now
just
began
to
raise
his
glorious
Head
above
the
Hemisphere
,
darting
his
bright
Beams
upon
the
Helmets
,
the
Bucklers
,
and
the
naked
Swords
,
which
were
advanced
in
the
Air
,
made
such
a
dreadful
Glittering
,
as
being
augmented
by
the
Reflection
of
the
Bosphorus
,
whose
Waters
being
as
smooth
as
polished
Glass
by
reason
of
the
great
Calm
which
then
happened
,
dazled
the
Eyes
of
the
Beholders
,
and
appeared
as
if
all
the
Air
had
been
on
fire
.
That
glorious
Luminary
,
in
this
Rencounter
,
was
doubly
favourable
to
the
French
,
by
reason
that
the
Fleet
rowing
from
East
to
West
,
they
had
it
on
their
Backs
at
the
same
time
that
he
shot
his
kind
Beams
directly
into
the
Eyes
of
their
Enemies
:
besides
that
,
a
small
Easterly
Wind
rising
with
the
Sun
,
drove
them
gently
toward
the
other
Shoar
,
which
was
at
no
great
distance
,
the
Bosphorus
,
in
that
place
,
being
not
above
half
a
League
over
:
So
that
one
might
easily
distinguish
the
Squadrons
and
Battalions
of
the
Greeks
in
very
good
Order
,
and
in
prodigious
numbers
,
drawn
up
all
along
the
opposite
Shoar
,
and
the
Emperor
at
the
Head
of
them
,
endeavouring
to
animate
them
by
his
Voice
and
Gesture
,
to
repulse
that
handful
of
Pirates
,
as
he
called
them
in
Contempt
,
who
had
no
other
Force
but
what
they
borrowed
from
a
Brutal
Rashness
,
and
the
little
Esteem
they
had
for
their
wretched
Lives
,
which
they
might
,
without
trouble
,
be
quickly
eased
of
,
by
throwing
them
headlong
from
the
steep
Banks
which
they
endeavoured
to
gain
,
and
cooling
their
foolish
and
audacious
Courage
in
the
Waters
of
the
Bosphorus
.
The
Shoar
echoed
,
and
the
Sea
seemed
to
tremble
at
the
dreadful
Sound
of
a
thousand
Trumpets
and
Cornets
,
and
the
Shouts
of
the
Soldiers
,
which
were
terribly
repeated
,
thereby
to
encourage
one
another
,
and
to
strike
a
Terrour
into
their
Enemies
:
The
very
Oars
were
not
wanting
to
make
up
the
dreadful
Harmony
,
clashing
against
the
Water
with
an
extraordinary
force
,
to
gain
the
Shoar
;
which
they
quickly
did
,
with
an
incredible
Heat
,
both
of
the
Mariners
and
Soldiers
,
and
above
all
,
the
Captains
,
and
the
Gentlemen
of
Quality
.
For
so
soon
as
they
came
near
the
Land
,
the
Knights
,
in
their
Compleat
Armour
,
covered
with
their
Shields
,
leap'd
up
to
the
Middle
into
the
Sea
,
with
their
Swords
in
their
Hands
;
and
in
despight
of
the
dreadful
Shower
of
Darts
and
Arrows
.
which
the
Greeks
from
all
Parts
poured
upon
them
,
they
ran
to
charge
the
first
Battalions
,
whilst
the
Soldiers
,
animated
by
their
brave
Examples
,
threw
themselves
out
of
the
Ships
,
some
into
the
Sea
,
some
upon
the
Shoar
,
every
one
having
a
desire
of
the
Honour
of
being
foremost
to
come
to
the
Combat
;
but
the
Cowardice
of
Commenius
and
his
Greeks
did
not
permit
them
that
Favour
;
year
1203
for
though
at
first
they
put
on
the
Countenance
of
Soldiers
and
resolute
Men
,
whilst
there
was
no
other
fighting
but
with
the
Cross-bows
and
Arrows
,
yet
so
soon
as
they
saw
the
French
,
without
staying
for
the
dis-imbarking
of
their
Horses
,
march
directly
towards
them
,
with
their
Swords
in
their
Hands
;
this
infinite
Rabble
turned
Head
,
and
fled
with
so
much
speed
,
that
the
Count
de
St.
Paul
,
who
was
one
of
the
first
that
charged
them
,
pleasantly
writ
in
his
Letter
to
the
Duke
of
Brabant
,
that
they
out-ran
the
very
Arrows
which
were
shot
after
them
;
so
swift
were
their
Feet
,
by
the
suddain
Terrour
which
then
siezed
them
;
and
put
all
those
Spirits
,
which
should
have
actuated
their
Hands
and
Hearts
,
into
their
Heels
.
So
that
the
Army
was
constrained
to
give
them
over
to
their
own
Fear
,
which
pursued
them
,
nothing
else
being
able
to
overtake
them
,
whilst
the
Princes
had
leisure
to
throw
out
the
Bridges
,
and
disimbark
the
Horses
,
and
range
the
Army
,
as
was
before
agreed
,
into
six
Squadrons
.
Now
they
imagining
that
Alexis
Comnenius
,
after
his
Flight
,
was
retreated
to
his
Camp
,
they
resolved
immediately
to
attack
him
there
;
but
he
eased
them
of
that
trouble
,
for
they
presently
found
that
this
Cowardly
Prince
had
,
for
his
safety
,
abandoned
it
with
so
much
Precipitation
,
that
he
had
left
behind
him
his
Tents
and
Equipage
,
and
all
the
Baggage
of
his
Army
;
with
which
the
Soldiers
inriched
themselves
.
After
this
,
the
Night
approaching
,
they
lodged
themselves
commodiously
in
the
Quarter
of
the
Jews
,
which
was
upon
the
Bank
of
the
Bosphorus
,
near
the
Castle
of
Galatha
,
which
they
resolved
the
next
Day
to
attack
,
thereby
to
gain
the
Command
of
the
Haven
;
but
they
were
prevented
by
the
Garrison
of
the
English-Danes
,
Pisans
,
and
other
Strangers
,
to
whom
the
Emperors
had
intrusted
the
Keeping
of
that
Place
;
who
,
by
the
Order
of
Comnenius
,
made
a
vigorous
Sally
the
next
Morning
,
being
re-inforced
by
an
infinite
Multitude
of
Greek
Soldiers
and
Burghers
,
who
continually
passed
from
Pera
to
relieve
them
.
Insomuch
,
that
these
Strangers
,
who
were
good
Men
,
and
found
few
of
the
French
prepared
to
receive
them
,
had
,
at
first
,
some
Advantage
.
The
valiant
James
d'
Avesnes
,
who
was
the
first
that
advanced
with
what
Infantry
he
could
get
together
to
oppose
them
,
received
a
great
Wound
in
his
Face
with
a
Lance
,
and
had
undoubtedly
been
slain
,
if
he
had
not
been
instantly
succoured
by
Nicholas
de
Laulain
,
one
of
his
Knights
,
who
drew
him
out
of
the
Press
of
his
Enemies
,
with
which
he
was
surrounded
;
and
by
a
prodigious
Valour
,
almost
singly
sustained
the
Brunt
,
till
the
rest
of
the
Troops
came
up
,
who
hasted
from
all
Parts
,
to
the
Combat
.
Then
it
was
that
they
furiously
charged
these
Soldiers
of
the
Garrison
of
Galatha
,
who
sighting
bravely
,
were
most
of
them
cut
in
pieces
;
the
rest
,
crowded
by
that
confused
Multitude
of
Greeks
,
who
presently
took
the
Fright
,
fled
with
so
great
haste
and
Disorder
,
that
one
part
of
them
running
towards
the
Port
,
to
recover
their
Barks
,
threw
themselves
into
them
with
such
Precipitation
,
that
they
sunk
the
Vessels
,
and
were
drowned
,
whilst
others
thinking
to
save
themselves
in
the
Castle
of
Galatha
,
did
in
such
a
manner
,
by
their
Multitude
,
stop
up
the
Passage
of
the
Gate
,
every
one
being
desirous
to
be
the
foremost
,
that
those
who
pursued
them
closely
would
not
give
them
the
liberty
to
shut
it
:
so
that
,
after
a
bloody
Combat
,
which
was
maintained
by
these
miserable
Men
out
of
perfect
Necessity
and
Despair
,
and
not
by
true
Courage
and
Valour
,
the
French
gained
the
Gate
;
and
after
they
had
either
taken
or
slain
all
such
as
made
any
Resistance
,
they
remained
Masters
of
the
Fortress
,
and
of
the
Chain
.
At
the
same
time
also
wherein
the
French
performed
this
memorable
Action
,
the
Venetians
having
drawn
up
their
Fleet
in
Order
,
in
the
Chanal
below
Scutari
,
turned
the
Prows
of
their
Gallies
and
Ships
against
the
Entry
of
the
Haven
;
and
under
the
favour
of
a
Tide-Wind
,
which
blew
from
the
East
,
just
in
their
Sterns
,
they
bore
up
to
the
Chain
,
from
their
Engines
,
which
threw
Darts
and
great
Stones
,
battering
and
bruising
the
five
and
twenty
Gallies
,
and
other
Ships
,
which
lay
there
to
defend
it
:
Insomuch
,
that
one
of
the
greatest
Ships
coming
up
close
to
the
Chain
,
whilst
the
others
continually
discharged
against
the
Greeks
,
they
cut
the
Chain
in
two
with
prodigious
Scissors
of
Steel
,
which
were
opened
and
shut
with
an
Engine
.
After
which
,
having
broken
and
chopped
in
pieces
the
Timbers
that
supported
the
Chain
,
the
whole
Venetian
Fleet
freely
entred
the
Port
,
and
all
the
Greek
Vessels
were
either
taken
,
disabled
or
sunk
.
This
was
but
the
beginning
of
the
most
wonderful
and
hazardous
Enterprise
that
ever
was
undertaken
;
which
was
,
to
take
a
City
,
in
which
,
for
one
that
attacked
it
,
the
Mareshal
de
Ville
Hardouin
tells
us
,
there
were
two
hundred
to
defend
it
.
However
,
in
order
thereunto
,
it
was
resolved
that
there
should
be
two
Attacks
;
the
one
by
Sea
,
on
the
Port
side
;
and
the
other
by
Land
,
towards
the
Palace
of
Blaquerness
,
near
that
end
of
the
Wall
which
adjoyns
to
the
Haven
.
The
Venetians
undertook
the
first
,
and
the
French
made
Choice
of
the
second
,
because
that
,
in
those
times
,
they
were
not
acquainted
with
fighting
on
Ship-board
,
as
were
the
Venetians
,
who
were
then
accounted
the
most
potent
and
able
Sea-men
of
the
World
,
having
,
as
it
were
,
founded
their
Empire
upon
that
Watry
Element
.
Having
therefore
,
for
four
days
,
made
all
the
Preparations
necessary
for
their
Attacks
,
the
French
Army
coasting
along
by
the
Fleet
,
marched
near
two
Leagues
to
the
Stone-Bridge
,
which
is
a
little
below
the
place
where
the
River
Barbyses
,
joyning
its
Streams
with
that
of
Cydaris
,
dischargeth
it self
into
the
Bottom
of
the
Haven
.
This
Bridge
was
something
longer
than
that
which
is
called
the
Small
Bridge
,
at
Paris
;
and
so
narrow
,
that
not
above
three
Horse-men
could
pass
abreast
upon
it
:
So
that
,
if
the
Greeks
had
had
any
Courage
,
they
might
easily
have
maintained
it
;
but
they
contented
themselves
with
breaking
it
,
and
that
being
easily
repaired
in
the
Night
,
the
whole
Army
passed
over
it
without
Molestation
;
and
having
put
themselves
into
the
same
Order
as
before
,
of
six
Bodies
,
they
encamped
in
the
Valley
of
Blaquerness
,
between
the
City
and
the
Cosmidium
or
Monastery
of
St.
Cosmus
,
which
was
sometimes
called
Bohemond's
Castle
,
because
that
Prince
lodged
there
when
he
was
at
Constantinople
,
in
the
first
Crusade
.
The
Camp
was
immediately
fortified
,
and
the
Engines
prepared
to
batter
the
Courtain
,
and
the
Towers
,
which
were
on
the
Right
and
Left
,
near
the
Palace
,
and
the
Gate
of
Blaquerness
,
which
was
the
only
Quarter
which
could
be
besieged
by
such
a
small
number
of
Men
;
whereas
the
multitude
of
the
Enemies
was
innumerable
,
and
therefore
made
continual
Sallies
,
especially
under
the
Conduct
of
Theodore
Lascaris
,
the
Emperor's
Son-in-Law
,
the
most
valiant
Man
of
his
Nation
:
So
that
the
French
were
obliged
,
almost
Night
and
Day
,
to
stand
to
their
Arms
,
to
repulse
them
;
which
did
so
tire
out
the
Army
,
and
besides
,
they
had
no
great
quantity
of
Provisions
,
that
there
was
a
necessity
for
them
to
do
what
could
be
done
quickly
;
otherwise
,
in
a
little
time
,
they
would
be
obliged
to
raise
the
Seige
.
For
this
Reason
,
after
having
,
for
ten
Days
,
continually
battered
the
Walls
,
it
was
with
that
Effect
as
gave
them
hopes
they
might
carry
the
Place
by
Force
.
It
was
therefore
resolved
to
give
a
general
Assault
,
both
by
Sea
and
Land
;
accordingly
,
upon
the
17th
Day
of
July
,
by
Break
of
Day
,
the
whole
Army
fell
on
with
all
the
Courage
and
Resolution
imaginable
.
The
Venetians
had
drawn
all
their
great
Ships
along
the
Brink
,
in
a
great
Line
,
about
three
Flight
Shots
in
length
,
with
Intervals
between
them
,
for
the
Gallies
which
lay
behind
them
,
when
it
was
time
to
row
close
to
the
Shoar
,
to
make
the
Descent
.
All
the
great
Engines
were
placed
upon
the
Decks
,
and
the
Round
Tops
of
the
Masts
were
filled
with
Archers
and
Cross-Bows
,
who
might
shoot
downwards
,
from
that
Heighth
,
with
great
advantage
:
There
were
also
,
by
the
Main
Masts
,
great
Towers
raised
with
strong
Timber
,
which
surpassed
the
heighth
of
those
of
the
City
,
upon
the
Tops
of
which
five
or
six
Soldiers
might
go
in
a
Front
,
by
great
and
large
Steps
,
which
were
made
from
the
Top
to
the
Bottom
:
They
were
covered
with
raw
Hides
,
to
preserve
them
from
Fire
;
and
they
had
long
,
large
and
strong
Ladders
,
which
were
so
fastned
to
the
Timbers
,
that
by
the
help
of
certain
Pullies
,
and
other
little
Engines
,
which
were
made
for
the
purpose
,
they
might
have
the
furthest
end
fall
upon
the
Walls
,
like
a
Draw-bridge
,
or
be
brought
to
rest
upon
the
Towers
in
those
places
where
they
jutted
out
towards
the
Sea
.
So
soon
as
the
Signal
was
given
,
all
the
Engines
,
from
the
Ships
,
began
to
play
in
an
instant
,
and
one
might
see
an
infinite
of
Stones
,
Darts
and
Arrows
fly
,
to
scatter
those
who
defended
the
Walls
;
and
at
the
same
time
the
Bridges
were
thrown
upon
the
Walls
,
and
the
Ladders
clapp'd
to
the
Towers
,
the
Soldiers
,
three
abreast
,
year
1203
mounting
the
Ladders
with
a
marvellous
Resolution
,
fought
hand
to
hand
against
the
Greeks
,
who
being
assisted
both
by
their
number
,
and
the
advantage
of
the
place
,
defended
themselves
successfully
,
by
rowling
great
Stones
and
peices
of
Timber
upon
the
Assailants
,
throwing
abundance
of
Wild
sire
among
them
,
and
discharging
from
all
the
Towers
a
prodigious
Shower
of
Arrows
,
to
hinder
the
Gallies
,
who
did
what
they
could
,
from
landing
.
Here
the
famous
Henry
Dandolo
did
an
Action
which
exacts
the
Justice
of
all
Posterity
to
his
Memory
,
in
celebrating
his
Name
,
as
one
of
the
greatest
Men
in
the
World
:
For
,
quite
worn
with
old
Age
,
and
blind
as
he
was
,
yet
was
he
to
be
seen
in
compleat
Armour
,
with
his
naked
Sword
in
his
hand
,
upon
the
Fore-castle
of
the
Capitana
,
or
Admiral-Gally
,
having
the
great
Standard
of
St.
Mark
born
before
him
.
The
old
Prince
,
transported
with
a
valiant
Impatience
,
and
and
an
extream
Heat
,
with
which
he
burnt
,
to
have
a
share
in
the
Combat
,
briskly
commanded
the
Sea-men
to
use
their
utmost
Skill
and
Force
to
get
ashoar
,
upon
peril
of
their
Lives
,
telling
them
,
if
they
did
not
land
him
presently
,
he
would
hang
them
up
every
Man
.
This
Command
,
given
with
such
a
terrible
Menace
,
and
which
Fear
made
still
more
strong
,
was
followed
with
such
a
quick
Obedience
,
that
the
Gally
was
in
an
instant
brought
to
the
Shoar
,
through
a
terrible
Storm
of
Stones
,
Darts
and
Arrows
,
which
from
all
parts
fell
upon
her
.
Then
was
to
be
seen
the
Standard
of
St.
Mark
advance
to
the
Walls
,
followed
by
the
brave
Doge
,
who
caused
himself
to
be
lead
to
the
Assault
:
And
at
the
same
time
,
by
his
Example
and
Heroick
Courage
,
he
drew
the
rest
after
him
;
for
this
sight
gave
so
much
both
of
Shame
and
Courage
to
the
other
Gallies
,
who
stood
yet
aloof
,
that
the
Captains
and
Soldiers
fearing
they
should
fall
under
the
Infamy
of
having
abandoned
their
General
in
such
a
noble
Danger
,
they
left
playing
the
good
Husband
,
and
rowed
with
all
their
force
,
like
resolute
Men
exposing
themselves
,
to
the
utmost
Perils
,
to
gain
the
Shoar
,
which
they
did
almost
all
at
the
same
time
;
and
throwing
themselves
with
Precipitation
out
of
the
Gallies
,
every
Man
as
well
as
he
could
,
striving
who
should
get
first
ashoar
,
then
ran
like
so
many
enraged
Lions
,
after
their
General
,
to
the
Assault
.
Never
was
any
thing
to
be
seen
more
furious
or
terrible
;
for
the
Walls
on
that
side
being
lowest
,
and
having
,
for
ten
Days
,
been
continually
battered
,
were
in
many
places
ruined
;
so
that
while
some
strove
to
enter
by
the
Breaches
,
others
presented
the
Scaling
Ladders
:
the
number
of
those
who
defended
the
Walls
and
Breaches
far
surpassed
that
of
the
Assailants
;
so
that
both
the
one
and
the
other
found
a
stout
Resistance
:
nor
did
it
seem
probable
,
that
such
a
small
number
were
capable
of
surmounting
such
a
difficult
Enterprise
;
nor
,
in
probability
,
had
it
succeeded
,
but
that
,
all
of
a
suddain
,
the
great
Standard
of
St.
Mark
was
seen
planted
,
and
flying
upon
one
of
the
Towers
,
no
Man
,
to
this
day
,
being
ever
able
to
give
an
Account
how
,
or
by
whom
it
was
carried
thither
.
This
made
the
Soldiers
assume
new
Courage
;
for
,
according
to
the
humour
of
those
Times
,
the
Superstition
whereof
,
which
was
so
advantageous
to
them
,
the
wise
Captains
knew
very
well
how
to
improve
,
they
believed
that
S.
Mark
fought
for
them
,
and
commanded
them
to
follow
him
;
and
the
Enemies
astonished
to
to
see
it
,
lost
both
their
Judgment
,
and
their
Courage
;
so
that
,
believing
that
the
City
was
taken
,
and
that
the
French
were
upon
their
Backs
,
they
forsook
the
Walls
,
and
giving
all
for
lost
,
ran
to
secure
themselves
in
their
Houses
:
so
that
the
Venetians
finding
no
more
Resistance
,
siezed
upon
a
great
part
of
the
Walls
,
and
made
themselves
Masters
of
twenty
five
of
the
hundred
and
ten
Towers
which
were
on
the
side
of
the
Haven
;
and
when
they
saw
the
Greeks
,
who
had
recovered
their
Consternation
,
return
,
with
the
Soldiers
of
the
Garrison
,
in
a
prodigious
number
,
and
good
Order
,
to
dislodge
them
,
sinding
it
impossible
,
with
so
small
a
Force
,
to
be
able
to
maintain
their
Post
against
so
many
Enemies
,
they
set
fire
to
the
adjacent
Houses
;
which
being
driven
with
extream
Violence
,
by
a
strong
North
Wind
which
then
blew
,
the
whirling
Flames
were
carried
full
in
the
Faces
of
the
Greeks
,
which
obliged
them
to
stop
,
and
endeavour
by
all
Means
,
immediately
to
extinguish
the
Fire
.
year
1203
All
this
time
the
French
made
prodigious
Attempts
on
their
side
,
to
gain
the
double
Wall
which
they
attacked
near
the
Palace
of
Blaquerness
.
Of
the
six
Battalious
,
those
two
which
were
commanded
by
the
Marquis
Boniface
,
and
Matthew
de
Montmorency
,
were
placed
in
Battalia
between
the
City
and
the
Camp
,
as
well
to
guard
it
from
Surprise
,
as
to
sustain
those
who
made
the
Attack
.
The
four
others
,
commanded
by
the
Earl
of
Flanders
,
and
Prince
Henry
his
Brother
,
the
Counts
of
Blois
and
St.
Paul
,
gave
a
furious
Assault
to
the
out
Wall
,
which
was
vigorously
defended
by
the
stranger
Soldiers
,
whose
Courage
was
quite
different
from
that
of
the
Greeks
;
the
Combat
was
long
and
obstinately
maintained
on
both
Sides
;
the
Engines
all
this
time
playing
with
horrible
Fury
,
and
one
of
the
Towers
,
which
was
half
overthrown
by
Mining
,
and
a
part
of
the
Wall
,
was
gained
;
fifteen
brave
Knights
,
with
two
stout
Soldiers
,
being
the
first
that
mounted
them
,
presently
planting
their
Ensigns
there
;
they
fought
for
some
time
with
their
Swords
and
Battle-Axes
,
against
those
,
who
in
great
Numbers
came
to
dislodge
them
,
but
not
receiving
timely
Succors
,
being
oppressed
by
Multitude
,
they
were
at
last
forced
to
leap
from
the
Walls
,
leaving
two
of
their
Company
Prisoners
with
the
Enemies
,
who
immediately
carried
them
to
the
Emperor
as
a
mighty
Pawn
of
an
assured
Victory
.
But
the
News
which
was
at
the
same
time
brought
of
the
good
Success
of
the
Venetians
on
their
side
,
gave
so
much
Joy
,
and
so
inflamed
the
Hearts
of
the
French
with
Courage
and
Emulation
,
that
they
renewed
the
Attack
with
more
Fury
than
before
,
till
such
time
as
a
terrible
Cloud
of
Dust
,
which
advanced
towards
them
from
the
West
,
and
the
sound
of
the
Trumpets
,
the
neighing
of
Horses
,
and
the
noise
of
an
infinite
number
of
People
,
which
they
heard
,
but
could
not
well
descern
,
obliged
them
to
quit
the
Assault
,
and
put
themselves
in
a
posture
of
Defence
.
It
was
the
Emperor
Alexis
,
who
compelled
by
the
Cries
and
the
Murmurs
of
the
People
and
Soldiers
,
who
openly
reproached
him
with
his
Cowardice
,
and
by
the
Fear
which
he
had
,
lest
they
should
fall
upon
him
and
pull
him
in
pieces
,
was
at
last
sallied
out
of
Constantinople
with
above
sixty
great
Battalions
,
sustained
by
all
his
Cavalry
,
to
charge
the
Army
in
the
Rere
,
if
they
should
continue
the
Assault
,
or
to
give
them
Battle
in
the
open
Field
if
they
should
dare
to
expect
it
,
not
doubting
in
the
least
,
but
that
he
should
be
able
to
surround
them
,
and
cut
them
in
pieces
;
it
being
very
improbable
that
six
Battalions
wearied
with
a
desperate
Assault
,
should
be
able
to
resist
sixty
of
fresh
Men
,
the
least
of
which
was
incomparably
greater
than
the
biggest
of
the
other
.
For
this
reason
the
Princes
,
that
they
might
not
be
attacked
but
in
Front
,
ranged
their
Troops
before
the
Barriers
and
Palisado's
of
their
Camp
,
at
the
Foot
of
the
Hill
of
Blaquerness
,
resolving
there
,
firmly
to
expect
and
receive
their
Enemies
,
without
being
the
least
astonished
at
their
Numbers
;
which
,
by
Experience
,
they
knew
consisted
in
a
great
many
Men
,
but
a
few
Soldiers
.
In
the
Front
stood
the
Archers
and
Cross-bows
,
who
were
sustained
by
a
seventh
Battalion
,
composed
of
two
hundred
Knights
,
who
were
Dismounted
;
The
other
six
Bodies
followed
according
to
their
Order
,
which
they
had
always
observed
since
their
Passage
over
the
Bosphorus
;
there
were
some
Companies
left
in
the
Camp
,
to
prevent
its
being
surprized
,
during
the
Combat
.
As
they
were
thus
drawing
up
their
Troops
,
the
Army
received
,
with
incredible
Joy
,
the
Reinforcement
which
the
generous
Henry
Dandolo
brought
to
their
Assistance
;
for
having
understood
that
the
Emperor
had
made
this
Sally
,
he
caused
himself
to
be
immediately
Conducted
to
the
Camp
,
which
was
at
no
great
Distance
from
his
Post
,
with
all
the
Force
which
he
could
rally
,
drawing
what
could
be
spared
from
the
Towers
which
he
had
taken
,
and
protesting
that
he
would
live
and
die
with
his
Brethren
and
brave
Companions
in
Armes
.
That
which
was
still
more
favourable
to
the
Confederate
Army
,
was
,
that
the
Greeks
had
no
other
General
,
but
this
miserable
cowardly
Alexis
;
for
by
a
little
Frieque
of
Jealousy
and
Glory
,
and
by
a
sottish
Vanity
,
he
would
not
suffer
his
Son-in-Law
Theodore
Lascaris
,
to
make
one
in
the
Sally
;
for
had
he
Commanded
,
being
both
a
Soldier
and
a
Captain
,
he
would
with
Advantage
against
so
few
Enemies
,
have
made
use
of
that
infinite
Number
of
Hands
,
which
remained
wholly
Unprofitable
that
Day
,
by
reason
that
their
Commander
had
neither
Courage
nor
Skill
enough
to
manage
them
to
the
best
Advantage
.
And
in
reallity
,
year
1203
as
he
came
only
with
the
Hope
that
he
should
be
able
to
Oppress
the
Confederates
with
Multitude
,
by
surrounding
them
on
all
Sides
,
being
advanced
within
the
Distance
of
the
Darts
and
Arrows
,
which
began
already
to
fly
from
one
side
to
the
other
;
so
soon
as
he
saw
that
they
would
not
ingage
in
the
open
Field
,
or
be
drawn
from
their
Retrenchments
,
he
never
durst
take
the
Courage
once
to
Attack
them
,
but
with
a
shameful
Cowardice
caused
the
Retreat
to
be
sounded
,
and
towards
Evening
,
took
the
Way
towards
the
City
with
his
great
Army
,
that
little
Handful
of
Men
having
the
Confidence
to
follow
him
for
some
time
,
in
good
Order
,
discharging
continually
upon
his
Rere
,
he
never
once
turning
Head
to
give
them
Battle
,
as
he
might
have
done
in
the
open
Field
.
However
to
hide
his
Shame
,
and
shelter
himself
from
the
Reproaches
of
the
People
,
for
this
cowardly
Action
,
he
told
them
,
as
he
entred
the
City
,
that
he
had
deferred
the
Combat
by
reason
it
was
so
late
,
and
that
the
next
Morning
he
was
resolved
to
attack
the
Enemies
in
their
Camp
,
if
they
had
the
Courage
to
expect
him
.
But
at
last
,
as
when
once
Fear
and
Dispair
have
once
seized
upon
the
Heart
of
a
Man
,
especially
an
ill
Man
,
and
that
he
hath
the
War
which
his
Guilt
hath
raised
in
his
Soul
,
though
he
were
surrounded
with
all
the
Forces
of
the
Earth
,
and
though
he
have
no
other
Enemy
to
Combat
besides
himself
and
his
own
Fear
,
yet
will
he
think
of
nothing
but
flying
,
and
how
to
save
himself
;
Thus
this
unworthy
Prince
,
pursued
by
his
own
Conscience
,
instead
of
preparing
for
the
Encounter
the
next
Morning
,
secretly
embarked
himself
at
the
Port
of
the
great
Palace
,
with
a
few
of
his
Domesticks
,
all
the
Gold
,
Silver
,
and
the
Imperial
Ornaments
,
and
fled
by
the
Bosphorus
and
the
Euxin
Sea
,
to
Zagora
,
antiently
called
Debeltus
,
a
City
of
Thracia
,
at
the
Foot
of
Mount
Hemus
,
where
,
by
reason
of
his
Guilt
,
his
Cowardice
,
and
the
Contempt
into
which
he
was
fallen
,
having
reason
to
fear
some
great
Revolution
in
his
Fortune
,
he
had
beforehand
assured
himself
of
a
Retreat
.
Before
Day
,
this
Flight
was
discovered
,
and
the
People
detesting
this
infamous
Cowardice
,
and
fearing
moreover
,
lest
the
Army
of
the
Latins
,
making
Advantage
of
this
Disorder
,
and
such
a
favourable
Conjuncture
,
should
by
a
second
Assault
take
the
City
by
Force
,
ran
by
Shoals
to
the
Prison
where
the
Tyrant
,
after
the
Escape
of
the
young
Alexis
,
had
caused
Isaac
to
be
detained
;
and
seizing
upon
the
Empress
Euphrosine
and
her
Children
,
whom
the
unhappy
Comnenius
had
brutishly
abandoned
,
his
excessive
Fear
having
extinguished
in
his
Soul
all
the
Sentiments
of
Tenderness
,
as
a
Father
and
a
Husband
,
they
resolved
to
Sacrifice
them
in
his
Room
,
to
the
blind
Fury
of
the
People
.
They
instantly
knock'd
off
the
Manacles
of
poor
Isaac
,
who
had
been
so
barbarously
treated
by
his
own
Brother
;
and
Fortune
,
who
plays
with
the
Destinies
of
Men
,
whom
she
mounts
up
and
throws
down
,
as
she
is
pleased
to
turn
her
slippery
Wheel
,
continuing
her
old
Trade
,
she
mounted
upon
the
imperial
Throne
,
the
same
Isaac
,
whom
about
eight
years
before
,
she
had
so
tragically
tumbled
out
of
it
.
After
which
,
all
the
Orders
of
the
City
,
with
the
Consent
of
this
poor
old
Man
,
who
in
truth
,
was
nothing
but
the
Shadow
of
an
Emperor
,
sent
Deputies
to
the
Princes
,
to
give
them
an
account
of
the
happy
Change
of
their
Affairs
by
the
Flight
of
the
Usurper
,
and
the
Re-establishment
of
the
Emperor
Isaac
,
and
to
desire
the
young
Prince
to
come
and
take
part
of
the
good
Fortune
,
and
the
Empire
of
his
Father
.
The
Princes
pleasingly
surprized
by
a
thing
so
little
expected
,
and
which
was
confirmed
to
them
by
those
who
came
from
Constantinople
,
one
after
another
,
striving
who
should
be
the
first
to
joy
the
young
Alexis
with
this
good
Fortune
;
yet
nevertheless
acted
with
their
wonted
Prudence
upon
this
Occasion
,
and
omitted
no
necessary
Precautions
,
as
being
suspicious
of
the
Greeks
,
whom
by
Experience
they
had
no
reason
to
trust
;
and
therefore
they
followed
the
Maxim
of
those
,
who
believe
that
one
can
never
act
more
securely
than
by
acting
cautiously
,
and
early
the
next
Morning
drew
out
the
Army
in
Battalia
,
as
if
they
had
been
going
to
the
Combat
;
and
then
they
acquainted
the
young
Alexis
,
that
if
this
good
Fortune
of
his
was
true
,
being
procured
by
their
Arms
,
they
did
,
before
any
other
Marters
were
considered
,
expect
from
him
an
Assurance
of
the
Performance
of
the
Treaty
,
and
that
the
Emperor
his
Father
,
should
ratify
it
to
them
;
whereupon
the
Mareshal
de
Ville
Hardouin
,
and
Matthew
de
Montmorency
,
with
two
Venetian
Noblemen
,
year
1203
were
dispatched
to
that
Prince
from
the
Confederates
;
he
received
them
most
Ceremoniously
,
and
with
all
manner
of
Honor
and
Magnificence
imaginable
,
in
the
great
Hall
of
the
Palace
of
Blaquerness
.
After
which
,
having
in
a
particular
Audience
proposed
the
Articles
to
him
,
though
he
found
them
very
hard
,
yet
was
he
so
Overjoyed
to
see
himself
Re-established
;
and
so
fearful
to
lose
his
Empire
a
second
time
,
if
he
should
make
his
Deliverers
and
Benefactors
become
his
Enemies
,
that
he
instantly
ratified
them
,
and
caused
his
Letters
Patents
,
with
the
golden
Bulla's
,
to
be
expedited
,
and
delivered
to
the
Ambassadors
,
wherein
he
promised
,
with
most
solemn
Oaths
,
that
he
would
inviolably
fulfil
and
perform
those
Articles
of
the
Treaty
.
Whereupon
the
young
Alexis
was
conducted
by
the
Princes
and
Confederate
Lords
,
as
it
were
in
Triumph
,
into
Constantinople
,
where
,
after
he
had
been
received
by
the
Emperor
his
Father
,
and
the
Empress
his
Mother-in-Law
,
the
Daughter
of
Bela
,
King
of
Hungary
,
with
all
the
Marks
of
Tenderness
,
and
those
Transports
of
Joy
,
which
it
is
impossible
to
express
,
he
was
associated
with
his
Father
in
the
Empire
,
and
with
all
Magnificence
and
Solemnity
,
upon
the
first
day
of
August
,
crowned
in
the
stately
Church
of
Sancta
Sophia
.
This
noble
Ceremony
being
over
,
as
the
Confederates
had
accomplished
their
Part
of
the
Treaty
,
it
was
also
necessary
that
Alexis
should
take
Care
of
the
performance
of
his
Engagements
.
And
immediately
therefore
,
that
he
might
satisfy
the
Princes
in
one
of
the
most
important
Articles
of
the
Treaty
,
he
writ
mighty
handsome
Letters
to
Pope
Innocent
,
in
which
he
renounced
the
Schism
of
his
Ancestors
,
and
acknowledged
him
to
be
Christ's
Vicar
upon
Earth
,
and
supreme
Pastor
and
Head
of
the
Universal
Church
;
promising
to
render
to
him
and
his
Successors
,
that
filial
Obedience
which
was
their
Due
;
and
to
employ
all
his
Power
to
oblige
the
Greek
Church
to
follow
his
Example
,
and
to
re-unite
it self
to
the
Head
.
He
also
obliged
the
Patriarch
to
consent
to
the
Re-union
,
and
to
promise
him
,
with
an
Oath
,
that
he
would
in
Person
go
to
Rome
,
to
acknowledg
the
Pope's
Supremacy
,
and
to
receive
the
Pall
from
his
Hands
.
But
these
were
only
Letters
and
Promises
,
and
Words
,
which
were
very
cheap
to
a
Greek
;
and
Alexis
easily
,
by
this
Artifice
,
drew
himself
out
of
this
Article
,
in
regard
it
was
not
reasonable
to
desire
more
from
him
upon
that
Point
for
the
present
;
but
it
was
not
so
easy
for
him
to
disengage
himself
from
the
other
Articles
,
in
which
he
had
obliged
to
satisfy
them
with
more
than
Words
,
to
pay
them
good
Money
,
and
furnish
the
Troops
,
which
he
had
promised
to
maintain
in
the
Holy
War
:
But
however
,
he
was
dexterous
enough
to
deliver
himself
,
at
least
,
for
some
time
,
from
those
too
,
hoping
still
,
that
if
he
could
but
delay
the
Performance
,
Fortune
would
furnish
him
with
some
Convenience
or
other
,
wholly
to
free
himself
from
those
hard
Conditions
.
After
he
had
therefore
,
to
make
a
Shew
that
he
acted
with
great
Sincerity
,
by
doing
all
that
he
could
for
the
present
,
paid
them
a
considerable
part
of
the
Money
which
he
owed
them
;
one
day
,
as
he
was
wont
,
going
to
make
the
Princes
a
Visit
in
their
Camp
,
without
the
Gate
,
by
the
Banks
of
the
Bosphorus
,
he
took
occasion
to
Remonstrate
to
them
on
this
Manner
;
That
he
acknowledged
himself
obliged
to
them
for
every
thing
,
his
Life
,
his
Honor
,
and
his
Empire
,
and
that
there
was
nothing
which
he
did
so
passionately
Desire
,
as
to
manifest
to
them
his
Gratitude
,
by
the
Performance
of
what
he
had
promised
by
his
Treaty
;
but
that
if
according
to
their
Resolution
,
they
should
the
next
Month
quit
him
,
and
retire
to
the
Isle
of
Corsu
,
in
order
to
the
Pursuit
of
their
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
,
it
was
absolutely
impossible
for
him
to
satisfy
his
Ingagements
,
or
in
so
short
a
time
to
furnish
them
with
Money
,
Shipping
,
and
the
Troops
which
he
had
promised
them
:
That
they
very
well
knew
he
was
not
firmly
established
in
his
Empire
,
for
,
that
his
Vncle
was
still
in
Thracia
,
where
he
had
a
strong
Party
,
who
still
owned
him
as
Emperor
,
and
that
Theodore
Lascaris
had
another
also
on
the
other
side
the
Bosphorus
,
in
Bithynia
;
and
that
for
his
own
particular
,
it
was
too
evident
,
that
he
was
extremely
hated
by
the
Greeks
for
the
Treaty
which
he
had
made
with
them
,
and
that
the
Antipathy
and
Hatred
which
they
had
to
the
Latins
,
was
so
great
,
that
the
very
Discourse
of
it
would
make
them
Sullen
and
out
of
Humor
;
and
consequently
,
that
besides
,
that
he
was
not
in
a
Condition
to
force
them
to
do
what
was
necessary
for
the
Accomplishment
of
the
Treaty
,
he
should
by
attempting
it
expose
himself
to
their
Hatred
,
and
possibly
to
be
outraged
by
them
,
and
run
the
manifest
hazard
of
losing
the
Empire
,
year
1203
and
his
Life
,
together
with
the
possibility
of
giving
them
the
just
Satisfaction
which
he
desired
;
and
more
especially
,
if
they
should
find
him
destitute
of
the
powerful
Succours
of
his
Allies
,
and
abandoned
by
his
Protectors
.
That
therefore
it
was
,
not
only
the
Honour
,
but
the
Interest
of
the
Princes
,
to
perfect
their
Work
,
and
to
fix
that
Throne
in
Safety
,
upon
which
they
had
re-placed
him
with
so
much
Generosity
and
Glory
.
That
all
that
he
requested
from
them
was
,
but
for
a
little
time
to
defer
their
Voyage
,
which
might
prove
unsuccessful
,
and
possibly
fatal
,
if
they
should
make
too
much
haste
;
for
the
Winter
now
approaching
,
they
must
be
constrained
to
pass
it
in
Syria
,
without
being
able
to
do
any
thing
;
where
they
would
be
in
danger
of
losing
their
Army
for
want
of
Provisions
,
which
in
that
tempestuous
and
dangerous
Season
of
the
Year
,
they
could
not
expect
from
Italy
;
nor
if
they
left
him
in
that
uncertain
State
,
could
he
assure
them
of
Supplies
from
Constantinople
.
That
therefore
it
appeared
of
absolute
necessity
,
both
for
their
own
Affairs
and
his
,
to
prolong
the
Confederacy
for
one
Year
more
;
or
however
,
to
defer
their
Voyage
till
the
Spring
:
And
that
in
that
time
he
hoped
to
put
his
Affairs
into
so
good
a
Posture
,
by
their
kind
Assistance
,
as
not
to
fear
any
thing
from
his
Subjects
,
and
to
be
able
,
without
difficulty
,
to
perform
all
the
Articles
of
the
Treaty
,
and
to
accompany
them
to
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
,
with
an
Army
becoming
an
Emperor
of
Constantinople
.
And
that
in
this
time
he
would
plentifully
furnish
them
with
whatsoever
was
requisite
for
the
Subsistence
of
their
Army
,
and
pay
the
Venetians
all
their
Charges
in
maintaining
their
Fleet
during
the
War
.
This
Discourse
of
Alexis
found
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
easily
inclinable
to
to
comply
with
it
,
for
they
plainly
discovered
in
it
both
his
and
their
own
Interest
,
and
that
no
other
rational
Choice
could
be
made
;
but
there
was
a
necessity
of
proposing
it
to
those
who
were
under
no
Obligation
longer
than
September
,
and
,
it
was
very
probable
,
would
not
agree
to
it
.
The
next
Day
therefore
it
was
proposed
before
the
whole
Army
,
and
with
so
much
force
and
efficacy
,
by
demonstrating
the
strength
of
the
Reasons
which
supported
it
,
that
notwithstanding
all
the
Endeavours
of
the
discontented
Party
,
who
had
so
often
attempted
to
divide
the
Army
,
who
now
also
opposed
this
Offer
with
all
their
power
,
it
nevertheless
passed
at
last
,
by
the
general
Approbation
of
the
whole
Army
,
in
favour
of
the
most
prudent
and
wholsom
Opinion
:
So
that
the
Confederation
was
renewed
for
another
Year
,
and
the
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
deferred
till
the
Easter
following
.
But
the
Joy
of
this
new
Union
was
much
diminished
,
by
the
unhappy
Loss
which
then
happened
,
by
the
death
of
the
brave
Matthew
de
Montmorency
,
one
of
the
most
amiable
and
valiant
Knights
of
France
;
and
who
,
by
the
glorious
Advantages
which
his
Ancestors
,
the
Lords
of
that
illustrious
House
,
had
acquired
,
and
by
their
extraordinary
Merits
preserved
,
was
infinitely
esteemed
,
beloved
,
and
even
adored
by
the
Soldiers
.
He
died
spent
with
the
mighty
Toils
and
Fatigues
which
he
had
suffered
in
that
laborious
Campaign
;
and
was
interred
,
with
a
magnificent
Funeral
,
and
general
Grief
,
in
the
Church
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
.
After
this
,
That
they
might
employ
the
Remainder
of
the
Year
to
the
best
advantage
,
the
young
Emperor
,
accompanied
with
Marquis
Boniface
,
the
Count
de
St.
Paul
,
and
Henry
,
the
Brother
of
Count
Baldwin
,
with
a
considerable
number
of
French
and
Flemish
Troops
,
joyned
with
a
great
Army
of
Greeks
,
marched
against
his
Uncle
,
who
had
siezed
upon
Adrianople
.
He
was
easily
defeated
,
and
forced
elsewhere
to
search
for
a
more
secure
Retreat
.
After
which
,
he
reduced
the
greatest
part
of
the
Cities
of
Thracia
under
his
Obeysance
;
and
all
the
Revolted
,
both
on
this
and
the
other
side
the
Bosphorus
,
except
the
Bulgarians
,
who
,
about
twenty
Years
before
,
had
thrown
off
the
Grecian
Yoke
,
under
the
Conduct
of
their
famous
King
Joannize
.
The
Winter
then
approaching
,
he
returned
full
of
Glory
to
Constantinople
,
where
the
solemn
Entry
which
he
made
lost
much
of
its
Splendour
,
by
reason
of
the
piteous
Estate
to
which
a
dreadful
Conflagration
,
during
his
Absence
,
had
reduced
the
Capital
City
of
his
Empire
;
which
happened
in
this
manner
.
Among
the
great
number
of
Strangers
of
all
Nations
who
traded
at
Constantinople
,
there
were
a
many
rich
Sarasin
Merchants
,
to
whom
the
Greek
Emperors
,
by
an
infamous
Avarice
,
year
1203
lest
they
should
lose
the
Gains
they
drew
from
their
Commerce
,
had
given
liberty
to
build
a
Mosquee
,
to
the
great
Scandal
of
the
Latins
who
inhabited
the
City
,
and
to
the
common
People
,
who
,
a
little
before
,
had
pulled
down
their
Houses
.
Now
it
happened
that
some
Flemish
Soldiers
,
joyned
with
a
Company
of
Venetians
and
Pisans
,
upon
whom
Isaac
,
to
please
the
Latins
,
and
regain
their
Esteem
,
had
bestowed
a
good
Largess
,
after
a
Debauch
at
Galatha
,
they
resolved
,
either
out
of
Zeal
or
Revenge
,
or
rather
the
Heat
of
Brutish
Wine
,
to
fall
upon
the
plunder
the
Houses
and
Mosquee
of
these
Sarasins
.
The
Sarasins
,
at
first
surprized
by
the
unexpectedness
of
the
Action
,
gave
way
to
the
Out-rage
;
but
seeing
themselves
supported
by
the
Greeks
,
who
from
all
Quarters
ran
to
their
Defence
,
they
took
heart
upon
the
matter
,
and
in
a
Crowd
flew
upon
this
small
number
of
Mad-men
who
attacked
them
in
Disorder
;
and
charging
them
at
once
with
Curses
,
and
lusty
Blows
,
they
repulsed
them
,
and
put
them
to
flight
:
But
some
or
other
among
these
Brutes
,
desperately
mad
to
see
themselves
thus
disappointed
of
the
Booty
,
and
beaten
too
,
and
it
may
be
,
to
give
a
stop
to
those
who
pursued
them
,
and
would
have
treated
them
severely
,
if
they
had
fallen
into
the
hands
of
an
incensed
Rabble
,
they
set
fire
to
some
Wooden
Houses
which
were
upon
the
Key
;
and
immediately
getting
into
their
Barks
,
they
repassed
the
Gulph
.
It
is
impossible
to
express
the
horrible
Ravage
this
dreadful
Fire
made
,
for
expanding
its
Flames
in
an
instant
in
these
Tinder
Buildings
,
it
attacked
the
next
with
a
horrible
Impetuosity
;
and
instantly
leaping
from
them
to
others
,
it
run
on
in
a
Train
like
Wild-fire
,
from
Street
to
Street
,
till
it
became
so
masterless
and
raging
,
that
there
seemed
no
Remedy
for
a
Mischief
which
looked
as
if
it
proceeded
from
some
supernatural
Cause
;
and
,
in
short
,
it
surmounted
all
the
Power
and
Industry
of
Men
,
nothing
being
able
to
give
a
Check
to
its
Force
and
Violence
;
for
,
as
if
some
malicious
Demons
had
managed
it
,
one
might
behold
the
rowling
Flames
send
out
,
as
it
were
,
their
Detachments
from
the
main
Body
of
the
Conflagration
,
and
terribly
throw
themselves
over
the
Tops
of
the
Houses
,
cross
the
Streets
,
to
a
great
distance
,
and
instantly
setting
those
all
in
a
terrible
Blaze
,
as
if
they
acted
by
Consent
,
turn
back
again
,
and
re-joyn
with
the
main
Fire
from
whence
they
came
,
consuming
all
that
they
had
thus
surrounded
between
them
.
It
happened
also
,
by
a
kind
of
Prodigy
,
the
Hand
of
God
seeming
to
be
stretched
out
against
this
unfortunate
City
,
that
the
Wind
which
before
blew
from
the
North
,
and
carried
the
Flames
to
the
South
,
as
far
as
the
Propontis
,
came
about
to
the
South
and
South-West
,
and
carried
the
Fire
into
the
other
Quarters
of
the
City
,
which
before
seemed
out
of
danger
,
by
lying
from
the
Wind.
So
that
the
Fire
,
which
began
about
the
middle
of
the
Haven
,
being
pushed
,
by
these
contrary
Winds
,
higher
to
the
West
and
North
,
extended
its
Rage
from
Sea
to
Sea
,
above
a
League
,
passing
by
the
famous
Church
of
Sancta
Sophia
,
without
touching
it
;
the
furious
Element
seeming
to
pay
a
Respect
,
even
in
its
greatest
Violence
,
to
that
goodly
Pile
,
at
the
same
time
that
it
manifested
no
Compassion
to
the
great
and
wealthy
Streets
of
the
Merchants
which
were
round
about
it
,
nor
the
Palaces
,
or
other
Churches
,
or
the
proud
and
stately
Edifices
of
the
Imperial
Place
of
the
great
Constantine
;
all
which
,
in
a
little
time
,
were
reduced
to
Ruines
,
Rubbidge
and
Cynders
.
Such
a
horrible
Conflagration
,
which
continued
all
that
Night
,
and
the
two
following
Days
,
in
its
full
Rage
and
Fury
,
and
which
was
not
in
a
Weeks
time
wholly
extinguished
,
was
a
most
miserable
Spectacle
to
the
Princes
,
who
,
from
the
Eminencies
of
Galatha
,
saw
with
an
extream
Trouble
,
what
was
not
in
theirs
,
nor
any
Humane
Power
to
help
.
One
may
say
,
however
,
that
it
was
a
Presage
of
the
Ruin
of
the
Grecian
Empire
,
whom
God
was
pleased
thus
to
punish
for
so
many
infamous
Treasons
which
they
had
plotted
and
executed
against
the
Latins
in
the
first
Crusades
,
and
to
translate
their
Empire
to
the
French
,
as
he
did
presently
after
,
in
the
manner
which
I
am
going
to
relate
.
There
was
at
the
Court
of
Constantinople
a
Lord
of
the
first
Quality
of
the
Illustrious
House
of
Ducas
,
nearly
related
to
the
Emperors
,
whose
Name
was
Alexis
,
and
commonly
called
Murtzuphle
,
by
reason
that
his
Eye-brows
joyning
,
and
very
thick
,
hung
over
his
Eyes
;
which
hath
always
been
looked
upon
as
a
Mark
of
a
very
ill
Man
:
And
in
truth
,
one
shall
difficultly
find
one
in
all
History
more
wicked
,
or
who
had
a
blacker
Soul
,
a
Nature
more
savage
and
cruel
,
year
1203
or
more
capable
of
the
most
base
and
cowardly
Treasons
,
to
come
to
the
Accomplishment
of
his
own
Ends.
Now
,
as
he
was
the
most
insatiably
ambitious
of
Mankind
,
he
easily
persuaded
himself
,
that
,
after
the
Example
of
Alexis
Comnenius
,
whom
he
had
served
against
Isaac
,
he
might
make
himself
Emperor
,
provided
he
durst
undertake
the
Enterprise
,
without
scrupling
the
greatest
Crimes
,
to
lay
hold
quickly
of
the
Opportunity
which
seemed
to
favour
his
wicked
Projection
,
considering
in
what
manner
of
Disposition
the
Spirits
of
the
Greeks
were
at
present
,
in
regard
to
the
two
Emperors
and
the
Latins
.
And
certainly
,
as
for
Isaac
,
besides
that
he
had
ever
been
one
of
the
most
fantastical
Men
in
the
World
,
and
least
capable
of
Governing
,
as
may
be
seen
by
his
Character
,
which
I
have
given
in
the
fifth
Book
of
this
History
,
he
seemed
,
by
his
Imprisonment
,
to
have
lost
all
that
little
Soul
which
he
had
before
;
for
he
acted
and
said
so
many
extravagant
things
,
after
he
had
once
entertained
these
crazed
Imaginations
,
that
he
was
guilty
of
the
most
pleasant
Dotage
in
the
World
;
for
he
sancied
that
he
was
destined
,
one
day
,
to
be
the
Universal
Monarch
of
the
World
,
and
that
he
should
also
recover
his
Sight
,
together
with
the
Vigour
and
Beauty
of
a
flourishing
Youth
,
and
become
,
in
a
manner
,
a
Demi-God
.
This
was
confirmed
to
him
by
his
Astrologers
,
who
made
a
mere
Fool
of
him
,
and
by
the
Monks
of
Constantinople
,
the
most
of
which
,
since
their
Schism
,
had
shaken
hands
with
Truth
,
Honour
and
good
Manners
,
and
studied
nothing
so
much
as
the
servile
and
unmanly
Art
of
Flattering
their
Emperors
,
even
in
their
most
sottish
Follies
,
thereby
to
procure
good
Entertainment
for
their
Bellies
,
which
was
the
chief
thing
which
these
lazy
Cheats
and
Hypocrites
regarded
.
These
Extravagancies
of
the
poor
old
Dotard
brought
him
into
the
very
last
degrees
of
Contempt
with
the
People
,
who
made
no
manner
of
account
of
him
,
and
in
all
publick
Ceremonies
and
Transactions
,
boldly
named
his
Son
before
him
.
Nor
was
the
Son
in
much
better
Terms
,
in
the
Opinion
of
his
Subjects
,
than
the
Father
;
for
,
by
reason
of
the
Confederacy
which
he
had
made
with
the
Latins
,
they
had
changed
that
Love
which
before
they
had
for
him
,
into
the
most
implacable
Hatred
:
the
very
name
of
the
Latins
was
so
odious
to
them
,
that
they
could
not
hear
it
without
Grief
and
Horrour
,
esteeming
them
the
Cause
of
all
their
Miseries
,
and
those
Exactions
which
were
made
to
satisfie
the
Treaty
.
And
to
augment
this
Detestation
,
the
last
Desolation
of
their
City
,
they
knew
,
was
wholly
owing
to
those
lewd
Fellows
whom
they
protected
in
their
Army
,
although
it
was
no
fault
of
the
Princes
that
Justice
was
not
done
upon
them
;
but
so
long
as
they
kept
themselves
concealed
,
the
impossibility
of
Discovery
who
were
the
Authors
of
that
horrible
Fact
,
which
protected
them
from
the
Hand
of
Justice
.
Murtzuphle
therefore
,
to
make
his
Advantage
of
this
great
Aversion
which
the
People
had
for
the
Emperors
,
believed
that
his
first
Step
was
,
by
Popularity
,
to
ingratiate
himself
with
the
discontented
Multitude
:
And
this
was
no
difficult
matter
;
for
it
was
no
more
but
his
declaring
himself
a
mortal
Enemy
of
the
Latins
,
and
he
was
sure
of
the
People
.
And
the
next
thing
was
,
to
find
some
way
to
create
a
Difference
between
the
young
Emperor
and
the
Princes
;
but
yet
so
,
as
that
the
Quarrel
with
the
Latins
might
not
diminish
the
People's
Hatred
against
the
Emperor
,
which
such
a
Difference
,
he
foresaw
,
would
be
apt
to
do
.
This
,
indeed
,
seemed
no
easie
matter
to
do
;
but
yet
,
notwithstanding
all
the
difficulty
,
he
found
the
opportunity
,
in
a
little
time
,
to
effect
it
.
For
this
purpose
,
being
a
Man
of
a
most
supple
and
smooth
Conversation
,
cunning
,
complaisant
and
assiduous
;
and
besides
,
having
got
the
Reputation
of
being
a
Man
of
Spirit
and
Courage
,
he
presently
conveyed
himself
into
the
Esteem
and
Affections
of
Alexis
:
Insomuch
,
that
the
young
Prince
,
who
had
not
too
much
Soul
,
nor
was
over-burdened
with
the
Talent
of
Conduct
and
Government
,
made
this
wicked
Traitor
his
only
Confident
;
and
that
he
might
have
him
constantly
near
his
Person
,
he
made
him
the
great
Master
of
the
Wardrobe
.
The
insinuating
Murtzuphle
being
thus
got
into
his
Bosom
,
made
use
of
all
the
Artifices
which
an
ambitious
Cheat
could
invent
,
to
render
the
Prince
jealous
,
and
the
Latins
odious
and
suspected
to
him
,
and
to
efface
out
of
his
Mind
all
the
Obligations
of
his
Benefactors
;
and
,
in
short
,
to
oblige
him
to
an
open
Breach
,
and
to
declare
War
against
them
;
pretending
that
he
did
not
doubt
but
to
be
able
to
furnish
him
with
all
things
necessary
for
the
carrying
it
on
,
year
1203
and
happy
ending
of
it
.
He
laboured
,
however
,
some
time
in
vain
,
in
regard
that
though
he
had
gained
a
mighty
Ascendant
upon
the
feeble
Spirit
of
the
Prince
,
yet
that
very
weakness
of
Spirit
,
which
had
delivered
him
up
into
his
Hands
,
to
dispose
of
him
at
his
pleasure
,
proved
the
main
Obstacle
to
his
Design
.
For
the
Prince
,
who
was
thoroughly
acquainted
with
the
Courage
of
the
Confederates
,
was
in
the
most
dreadful
Apprehensions
of
Fear
,
that
if
he
should
render
those
,
who
had
established
him
in
the
Throne
,
his
Enemies
,
he
should
certainly
sink
under
the
Power
and
the
Justice
of
their
Arms
:
And
this
Fear
was
much
too
predominant
for
all
the
other
Passions
with
which
this
Traytor
endeavoured
to
possess
and
fortifie
his
Soul
.
But
as
there
is
nothing
so
proper
to
beget
,
in
low
and
debased
Minds
,
Presumption
,
Ingratitude
,
Oblivion
of
good
Offices
,
and
take
off
even
the
fear
of
Vengeance
,
as
Prosperity
,
which
many
times
,
by
a
strange
kind
of
Injustice
,
makes
Men
seek
for
the
Opportunities
of
defeating
those
to
whom
they
owe
it
,
and
quitting
the
Score
of
Obligations
by
the
Payment
of
Injuries
;
so
did
it
happen
to
Alexis
:
For
,
so
soon
as
he
was
returned
from
the
Thracian
Expedition
,
which
was
so
much
to
his
Glory
and
Advantage
,
Murtzuphle
presently
fell
to
his
old
Trade
of
buzzing
into
his
Ears
,
That
he
had
now
nothing
further
to
fear
:
That
he
was
as
absolute
Master
of
the
Empire
as
he
could
wish
:
That
now
he
might
easily
quit
himself
of
this
handful
of
Latins
,
who
had
only
been
strong
,
because
the
Greeks
were
weak
with
their
own
Intestine
Divisions
:
That
under
the
specious
name
of
Protectors
,
they
covered
the
most
cruel
Tyranny
over
himself
and
Subjects
,
by
insisting
upon
the
performance
of
those
shameful
Conditions
,
and
insupportable
Articles
,
which
,
making
Advantage
of
his
Fortune
,
they
had
extorted
from
him
.
And
,
in
short
,
by
his
Sollicitations
,
he
so
prevailed
upon
the
young
Emperor
,
elated
by
his
little
Prosperity
,
that
he
brought
him
to
the
Resolution
of
shaking
off
the
Yoke
,
as
he
called
it
,
which
he
had
imposed
upon
his
own
Neck
;
and
to
endeavour
to
destroy
those
who
had
saved
him
.
The
Princes
quickly
perceived
by
his
Carriage
,
wholly
differing
from
what
it
used
to
be
,
that
there
was
a
manifest
Change
;
but
in
a
short
time
they
plainly
discovered
,
that
,
besides
the
Intention
which
he
had
to
perform
nothing
of
what
he
had
promised
,
he
also
sought
all
Opportunities
of
destroying
them
by
some
suddain
Surprise
;
and
therefore
they
resolved
to
oblige
him
to
deal
clearly
with
them
,
and
either
to
give
them
just
Satisfaction
,
or
to
declare
War
.
Whereupon
they
sent
six
Deputies
,
three
French
,
and
three
Venetians
,
who
received
their
Audience
of
the
Emperors
in
the
Palace
of
Blaquerness
;
where
Conon
de
Bethune
,
who
spoke
for
them
all
,
addressed
himself
to
the
young
Emperor
,
with
whom
only
they
had
treated
,
and
spoke
to
him
in
a
manner
extreamly
bold
and
Majestick
,
in
these
Terms
.
My
Lord
,
We
come
hither
in
behalf
of
the
Princes
and
Lords
of
the
Crusade
,
both
French
and
Venetians
,
to
let
you
understand
,
that
after
the
great
and
signal
Services
,
which
all
the
World
knows
we
have
rendred
to
you
,
they
have
it
in
extream
Admiration
that
you
should
do
nothing
for
their
Satisfaction
,
according
to
the
Treaty
which
you
your self
have
sworn
to
perform
,
and
which
the
Emperor
,
your
Father
,
hath
also
ratified
.
They
have
often
required
of
you
the
performance
of
those
Stipulations
;
and
we
do
here
,
this
day
,
in
their
Names
,
peremptorily
require
you
,
for
the
last
time
,
to
be
at
last
Master
of
your
Word
,
and
presently
to
accomplish
the
Articles
of
your
Treaty
,
without
longer
abusing
of
their
Patience
:
If
you
do
,
you
shall
do
only
what
you
are
obliged
to
do
,
which
is
the
only
Satisfaction
they
expect
from
you
:
But
if
you
refuse
,
we
are
,
from
them
,
to
declare
to
you
,
that
they
will
do
themselves
Justice
by
the
same
Arms
which
have
been
so
auspicious
to
you
;
and
that
from
hence
forward
they
will
esteem
you
their
Enemy
,
and
declare
War
against
you
;
which
they
were
resolved
not
to
begin
,
till
they
had
given
you
this
solemn
Defiance
,
according
to
the
Custom
of
their
Country
,
which
does
not
allow
them
to
steal
a
Victory
by
surprizing
their
Enemies
,
but
which
they
resolve
to
gain
nobly
,
by
defying
you
to
the
Combat
.
This
,
my
Lord
,
is
what
we
have
in
Commission
to
say
to
you
.
We
have
,
I
think
,
sufficiently
explained
our
Intentions
;
it
remains
on
your
part
,
immediately
to
give
your
Resolution
,
and
to
let
us
know
which
part
you
chuse
,
whether
Peace
or
War
.
year
1203
This
Declaration
,
so
frank
and
generous
,
and
delivered
with
a
noble
Fierceness
,
being
what
was
very
uncustomary
in
the
Greek
Empire
,
immediately
raised
a
fearful
Tumult
in
the
Hall
,
where
all
began
to
exclaim
,
that
this
was
an
insufferable
Violation
of
the
Majesty
of
the
Emperors
,
to
talk
with
so
much
Confidence
and
Insolence
;
and
to
desie
them
,
even
upon
the
Throne
,
was
an
Attempt
,
which
,
since
the
Foundation
of
the
Empire
,
never
any
Person
before
had
the
Presumption
to
execute
.
Above
all
,
the
young
Emperor
was
the
loudest
;
and
foaming
with
Madness
and
Choler
,
broke
out
into
most
outrageous
Language
:
Insomuch
,
that
they
who
before
had
declared
themselves
most
highly
in
favour
of
the
Latins
,
now
appeared
the
most
heated
and
violent
against
them
.
In
the
mean
time
,
whilst
the
Debate
was
hot
what
Measures
were
to
be
taken
,
and
that
nothing
was
to
be
heard
but
the
fearful
and
confused
Cries
of
People
,
who
were
all
Speakers
,
the
Deputies
seeing
there
was
no
Conclusion
,
in
probability
,
to
be
expected
,
but
rather
some
Indignities
and
Outrages
to
their
Persons
,
they
gently
descended
from
the
Hall
,
and
presently
mounting
on
Horseback
,
returned
to
the
Camp
;
and
now
nothing
was
thought
on
by
either
side
,
but
the
ensuing
War
.
It
was
immediately
begun
by
little
Skirmishes
between
the
Greeks
and
Latins
,
wherein
the
last
always
carried
the
Advantage
.
But
the
Greeks
believing
that
the
main
of
their
Success
depended
upon
destroying
the
Venetian
Fleet
,
and
that
if
they
could
effect
that
,
it
was
impossible
for
the
Confederates
to
subsist
long
,
but
that
they
should
have
them
,
in
a
little
time
,
at
their
Discretion
;
they
therefore
resolved
to
attempt
the
siring
of
the
Navy
,
as
they
lay
at
Anchor
in
the
Gulph
.
They
therefore
took
seventeen
great
Vessels
of
a
long
Built
,
which
the
Greeks
call
Chelandies
,
which
they
were
accustomed
to
make
use
of
for
Fire-Ships
:
These
they
filled
with
Faggots
,
and
all
sorts
of
Combustible
Materials
,
and
especially
with
Barrels
of
Rosin
,
Pitch
and
Grease
,
to
put
to
them
their
Greek
Fire
,
or
Wild-Fire
,
when
the
time
should
serve
.
This
Wild-Fire
was
called
Greek
Fire
,
by
reason
that
the
Greeks
were
the
first
that
made
use
of
it
.
It
was
invented
about
the
seventh
Century
,
by
an
Engineer
of
Heliopolis
in
Syria
,
whose
name
was
Callinicus
,
who
made
such
admirable
use
of
it
in
the
famous
Battle
,
which
the
Admirals
of
the
Navy
of
the
Emperor
Constantine
Pogonatus
fought
against
the
Sarasins
,
near
Cizicum
,
upon
the
Hellespont
,
that
he
burnt
their
whole
Fleet
,
and
thirty
thousand
Men
which
were
aboard
it
,
in
the
midst
of
the
Sea
;
for
it
was
the
property
of
this
Fire
,
not
only
to
burn
till
it
came
to
the
Water
,
but
to
burn
in
the
Water
,
which
seemed
to
increase
its
Force
and
Violence
;
and
by
a
Prodigy
,
quite
contrary
to
the
nature
of
these
two
Elements
,
which
are
Enemies
one
to
the
other
,
it
seemed
to
make
use
of
it
for
its
Food
and
Nourishment
.
It
had
also
a
Movement
wholly
contrary
to
that
of
common
Fire
,
which
always
raiseth
it self
,
and
with
its
pointed
Head
,
aspires
upward
,
as
it
were
,
tending
to
its
Sphere
:
But
this
joyning
to
its
extream
Quickness
,
the
property
of
heavy
and
Terrestrial
Bodies
burnt
downwards
,
and
all
along
to
the
Right
and
Left
,
with
an
Impetuosity
proportionable
to
the
Impression
which
it
received
from
those
who
had
the
Art
to
manage
it
;
for
they
might
either
throw
it
a
great
distance
,
by
the
Machines
,
which
were
made
for
that
purpose
,
after
the
same
manner
as
they
threw
Darts
and
great
Stones
;
or
they
might
blow
it
by
long
Trunks
and
Pipes
of
Copper
,
through
which
they
discharged
this
liquid
Fire
,
with
Impetuosity
,
like
Water
out
of
a
Syringe
,
either
against
Men
,
or
any
thing
which
they
intended
to
set
on
fire
;
and
where
it
once
laid
hold
,
it
would
stick
so
fast
,
that
there
was
no
way
to
extinguish
it
,
but
with
Vinegar
,
mingled
with
Urine
and
Sand
;
or
,
which
is
more
wonderful
,
Oyl
,
which
is
the
proper
Nourishment
of
other
Fire
,
and
which
makes
it
more
quick
and
violent
,
would
extinguish
this
.
Thus
Art
,
whose
Perfection
,
we
commonly
say
,
consists
in
the
Imitation
of
Nature
,
is
never
more
admirable
,
than
when
,
in
its
Operations
,
it
is
so
far
from
imitating
her
,
that
it
bestows
upon
them
Properties
wholly
different
,
and
even
contrary
to
those
of
Nature
.
For
the
main
,
this
wondrous
Fire
was
composed
of
Brimstone
,
Naphta
,
Pitch
,
the
Gums
of
certain
Trees
,
and
Bitumen
,
tempered
with
the
Water
of
a
Fountain
which
had
this
particular
Quality
,
and
some
other
Ingredients
,
which
served
to
produce
this
marvellous
Effect
.
But
this
Invention
is
now
quite
lost
,
year
1203
particularly
since
that
of
Powder
was
found
out
,
with
which
we
make
all
our
Artificial
Fires
,
and
which
produces
by
our
Cannons
,
Bombes
and
Mines
,
Effects
incomparably
more
wonderful
and
terrible
than
those
of
this
Grecian
Fire
,
with
its
Engines
,
Blasts
and
Pipes
.
The
Greeks
having
in
this
manner
prepared
their
seventeen
great
Fire-Ships
,
and
charged
them
with
the
Wild-fire
,
one
Night
,
when
the
Wind
blew
for
their
purpose
,
a
good
stiff
Gale
at
West
,
they
sent
them
adrift
towards
the
middle
of
the
Venetian
Fleet
,
which
lay
to
the
Leeward
,
at
the
Entrance
of
the
Haven
.
All
these
Ships
,
having
a
Stern
Wind
,
and
all
their
Sails
filled
with
it
,
appeared
in
an
instant
all
on
fire
,
like
so
many
glowing
Furnaces
,
driven
before
the
Wind
with
mighty
Violence
,
upon
the
Venetian
Fleet
;
and
advancing
still
with
their
whirling
Flames
towards
them
,
seemed
ready
to
set
them
on
fire
,
there
appearing
to
the
distant
Spectators
,
almost
no
possibility
of
avoiding
the
threatning
danger
.
All
the
City
ran
to
the
Port
,
and
to
the
Towers
and
Walls
,
to
have
the
pleasure
of
the
burning
of
the
Navy
,
every
one
impatiently
expecting
the
agreeable
Show
which
they
believed
was
ready
to
appear
,
and
all
of
them
together
,
as
upon
an
Amphitheatre
,
clapping
their
Hands
,
and
making
great
Shouts
of
Joy
,
with
a
most
horrible
Noise
,
as
if
all
had
been
their
own
.
But
this
Joy
was
quickly
changed
into
Shame
and
Grief
,
when
they
saw
all
these
artificial
Fires
,
from
which
they
stood
gaping
for
such
Miracles
,
vanish
into
Smoak
,
by
the
Skill
and
Dexterity
of
the
Venetians
,
who
,
so
soon
as
they
saw
them
,
leap'd
into
their
Skiffs
and
Long-Boats
,
and
,
with
an
incredible
diligence
,
having
run
the
Fire-Ships
one
upon
another
,
in
despight
of
all
the
Showers
of
Darts
and
Arrows
,
which
were
discharged
upon
them
,
by
the
force
of
mighty
Hooks
and
Grappling
Irons
,
they
drew
them
out
of
the
Port
,
into
the
Chanal
,
where
leaving
them
to
the
Wind
and
Current
,
they
were
carried
into
the
Propontis
,
where
at
length
they
spent
themselves
in
unprofitable
Flames
.
So
that
the
Venetians
lost
not
so
much
as
one
Skiff
;
nor
was
there
more
than
one
single
Merchant-man
of
Pisa
,
which
being
unluckily
in
their
Way
,
could
not
so
suddenly
avoid
them
,
but
that
she
was
quite
burnt
down
.
year
1204
This
Accident
gave
Murtzuphle
a
fair
Opportunity
of
finishing
the
Ruin
of
the
poor
Alexis
,
by
the
blackest
and
most
detestable
Treason
that
the
wickedest
of
Mankind
could
be
capable
of
:
For
as
he
had
a
most
absolute
power
over
the
Soul
of
this
miserable
Prince
,
who
acted
wholly
by
his
Counsels
,
and
esteemed
him
as
an
Oracle
,
he
told
him
,
that
to
secure
himself
from
the
danger
wherein
he
was
of
falling
,
like
his
Uncle
,
under
the
hands
of
the
Latins
,
it
was
necessary
that
he
should
endeavour
to
amuse
them
,
by
sending
secretly
to
them
,
and
protesting
,
that
whatever
he
had
done
against
them
,
was
purely
the
Effect
of
Constraint
;
and
that
,
for
his
own
part
,
he
was
readily
disposed
to
do
more
than
he
had
promised
,
provided
that
they
would
assist
him
against
his
Subjects
,
who
took
from
him
the
liberty
and
the
power
of
keeping
his
Word
;
and
that
if
they
would
assist
him
to
become
Master
of
Constantinople
,
as
he
ought
to
be
,
he
should
then
be
in
a
Condition
most
faithfully
to
perform
,
as
he
most
earnestly
desired
,
all
the
Articles
of
the
Treaty
.
Poor
Alexis
immediately
fell
into
the
Snare
,
which
was
so
artfully
placed
for
him
,
for
he
instantly
dispatched
Envoys
,
charged
with
this
Commission
,
to
the
Princes
;
when
,
at
the
same
time
,
the
Traytor
having
,
by
his
Emissaries
,
blazed
it
all
about
the
City
,
he
,
that
very
Day
,
being
the
25th
of
January
,
raised
such
a
furious
and
general
Insurrection
throughout
the
Town
,
that
believing
themselves
betrayed
,
after
having
,
with
the
greatest
Insolence
,
charged
the
Emperor
with
a
thousand
Imprecations
,
calling
him
a
Slave
to
the
Latins
,
and
a
Traytor
to
the
Empire
,
they
ran
tumultuously
to
the
Church
of
Sancta
Sophia
,
there
presently
to
make
Choice
of
a
new
Emperor
.
The
Historian
Nicetas
,
who
was
at
that
time
Lord
Chancellor
,
although
he
does
,
with
Passion
enough
,
declare
himself
an
Enemy
to
the
Latins
,
yet
upon
this
Occasion
,
did
whatever
lay
in
his
Power
to
oppose
this
Resolution
;
remonstrating
to
the
People
,
that
they
were
in
no
manner
of
Condition
to
defend
the
Emperor
whom
they
should
chuse
,
against
the
Army
of
the
Crusades
.
But
the
Populace
,
which
after
it
is
once
heated
,
is
no
longer
capable
of
Reason
,
or
of
following
any
other
Conduct
,
but
that
of
their
blind
and
impetuous
Passions
,
year
1204
cried
out
terribly
that
they
would
never
stir
from
thence
till
they
had
a
new
Emperor
;
and
in
the
Heat
of
the
Tumult
seizing
upon
the
most
Eniment
Persons
of
the
City
,
they
endeavoured
to
constrain
them
,
even
with
Menaces
and
the
Ponyard
at
their
Throats
to
accept
of
the
Imperial
Crown
.
At
last
seeing
that
all
the
Ancient
Senators
to
whom
they
addressed
themselves
,
as
most
capable
of
governing
,
excused
themselves
upon
divers
pretences
,
they
took
a
young
man
of
a
good
House
,
whose
name
was
Nicholas
Cannabus
,
and
notwithstanding
all
that
he
could
do
to
oppose
it
,
they
carried
him
to
the
Imperial
Throne
which
was
in
the
Body
of
the
Church
upon
the
right
side
over
against
the
Tribunal
and
proclaimed
him
Emperor
,
compelling
the
Patriarch
also
to
Crown
him
.
Alexis
astonished
at
this
News
,
ran
to
consult
his
Oracle
,
the
Traitor
,
and
he
resolving
to
push
his
Treason
to
the
utmost
,
to
the
end
that
he
might
procure
himself
to
be
elected
Emperor
in
the
place
of
Cannabus
,
got
a
Deputation
instantly
for
himself
to
go
to
the
Marquis
Boniface
,
to
whom
he
promised
,
on
the
Behalf
of
Alexis
,
who
implored
his
Assistance
in
this
pressing
Necessity
,
to
deliver
to
him
the
Palace
and
Fortress
of
Blaquerness
,
as
a
pawn
of
his
Fidelity
,
provided
he
would
instantly
come
with
all
his
Forces
to
deliver
him
out
of
this
extreme
Danger
in
which
he
was
.
The
Marquis
not
doubting
but
that
the
rest
of
the
Princes
would
be
in
this
particular
in
his
opinion
accepted
the
Proposition
;
but
before
he
had
the
Leisure
to
conferre
with
them
,
the
Perfidious
Murtzuphle
being
returned
,
failed
not
the
Night
following
to
advertise
the
Principal
Persons
of
the
City
and
of
the
Militia
of
this
Treaty
:
And
as
he
had
a
great
Party
of
his
Friends
and
Relations
,
so
having
assured
himself
of
the
Guards
of
Strangers
,
by
the
Lord
Treasurers
Interest
whom
he
had
gained
,
he
caused
the
People
to
be
put
in
Arms
before
the
Palace
,
to
hinder
the
Effect
of
this
Treason
of
Alexis
,
who
as
they
were
made
to
believe
,
had
sold
the
City
to
the
Latins
,
and
for
other
Matters
he
took
upon
him
so
to
order
them
,
that
they
should
have
nothing
to
fear
;
then
the
Traitor
making
use
of
the
Power
which
his
Place
about
the
Emperor
gave
him
,
entred
at
Midnight
into
the
Bed-chamber
where
the
poor
Prince
was
fast
asleep
,
without
dreaming
of
his
horrible
Treachery
;
he
instantly
awakned
him
,
and
with
a
trembling
Voice
,
intercepted
with
Sighs
,
as
if
he
had
been
quite
out
of
his
Senses
,
he
told
him
that
all
was
lost
,
that
all
the
City
was
in
Arms
,
that
the
Commonalty
,
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
with
the
Guards
were
all
ready
to
fall
upon
the
Palace
with
intent
to
cut
him
in
Pieces
,
having
understood
by
some
of
their
Spies
,
who
were
come
from
the
Camp
,
that
he
had
a
Design
to
deliver
up
the
City
to
the
Latins
.
Whereupon
the
amazed
Prince
wholly
abandoning
himself
to
the
Conduct
of
Murtzuphle
,
that
Perfidious
Villain
,
who
pressed
him
to
save
himself
,
throwing
about
him
a
Morning
Gown
,
he
carried
him
through
many
windings
into
a
strait
Place
,
in
the
remotest
and
most
obscure
part
of
the
Palace
,
whither
he
was
no
sooner
come
,
but
he
found
men
posted
by
this
wicked
Traitor
,
who
instantly
seized
upon
him
,
and
clapping
Irons
upon
his
Hands
and
Feet
,
dragged
him
into
the
most
horrible
Prison
that
was
in
that
place
.
This
being
done
he
went
and
immediately
presented
himself
to
the
People
,
and
in
a
cunning
Harangue
gave
them
an
Account
of
what
had
passed
,
and
what
he
had
done
to
deliver
them
from
the
terrible
Danger
wherein
they
were
,
of
losing
their
Liberty
;
he
exhorted
them
generously
with
their
Arms
to
assist
him
in
preserving
it
,
and
the
Glory
of
the
Empire
against
the
Latins
,
and
to
chuse
an
Emperor
,
who
had
Courage
to
defend
them
against
these
Tyrants
,
who
endeavoured
to
oppress
them
.
Hereupon
the
Guards
,
and
all
those
who
were
of
his
Faction
having
saluted
him
Emperor
with
mighty
Acclamations
,
the
People
,
who
are
wont
in
Tumults
,
blindly
to
take
those
Impressions
which
are
given
them
,
did
so
too
,
never
thinking
of
the
poor
Cannabus
,
the
late
Idol
of
their
own
making
,
who
was
presently
by
this
new
Tyrant
Unemperor'd
again
,
and
sent
to
the
Prison
from
the
Throne
,
to
bear
Alexis
Company
.
As
for
that
other
Fantome
of
an
Emperor
the
miserable
Isaac
,
who
was
desperately
Sick
,
when
the
news
was
brought
him
of
this
suddain
Revolution
,
he
died
in
a
few
hours
after
,
either
of
Fear
or
Grief
,
or
as
some
believe
,
by
the
Cruelty
of
Murtzuphle
,
whose
Impatience
of
Competitors
,
or
even
the
Shadow
of
them
,
would
not
permit
him
to
wait
till
the
Disease
should
put
an
end
to
the
Destiny
of
this
deplorable
old
man
.
year
1204
But
this
is
most
certain
,
that
this
Barbarian
being
in
continual
Fears
,
lest
the
Latins
should
once
more
endeavour
to
restore
the
Prince
Alexis
,
after
he
had
two
or
three
times
given
Poison
to
this
young
,
unfortunate
Emperor
,
to
ease
himself
of
the
Disquiets
which
might
rise
from
that
Quarter
,
finding
that
they
did
not
dispatch
him
so
quickly
as
he
expected
,
he
himself
went
to
the
Prison
where
he
was
kept
,
and
by
an
execrable
Cruelty
,
which
is
scarcely
to
be
found
among
all
the
Examples
of
the
most
Sanguinary
Tyrants
,
which
are
branded
with
Infamy
by
Historians
,
he
there
strangled
him
with
his
own
Hands
.
A
notable
Instruction
for
all
Crowned
Heads
,
and
which
may
inform
them
,
of
how
dangerous
Consequence
it
is
,
blindly
to
commit
themselves
to
the
Conduct
of
one
single
Person
,
who
having
no
Companions
in
his
Ministry
,
has
the
Opportunity
of
betraying
them
without
being
perceived
;
and
that
there
can
be
nothing
more
fatally
dangerous
to
them
,
than
to
trust
to
those
who
have
once
violated
their
Faith
,
which
they
had
given
them
,
as
this
wicked
man
had
done
,
who
was
one
of
the
first
that
had
declared
himself
for
the
Usurper
Alexis
Comnenius
,
when
he
seized
upon
his
Brothers
Diadem
.
Thus
miserably
perished
the
Young
Alexis
,
who
having
by
a
manifest
Perjury
broken
the
Oath
which
he
had
solemnly
sworn
to
the
Confederates
,
who
came
to
establish
him
in
his
Empire
,
God
the
just
Avenger
of
the
Persidy
of
Princes
,
of
whom
he
is
the
sole
Judge
,
permitting
him
to
lose
his
Empire
and
his
Life
by
another
Persidy
more
Execrable
,
and
by
the
Hands
of
the
same
Person
,
whom
he
had
raised
so
high
,
and
who
by
his
wicked
Counsels
had
perswaded
him
to
that
Perjury
to
destroy
him
.
Thus
one
may
in
all
Ages
see
,
by
a
multitude
of
Examples
,
that
great
Crimes
,
especially
of
great
men
,
are
usually
punished
even
in
this
Life
,
and
most
commonly
by
the
very
Instruments
and
Causes
of
those
Crimes
.
This
Abominable
Parricide
being
in
a
little
time
discovered
,
notwithstanding
all
the
Artifices
with
which
Murtzuphle
endeavoured
to
conceal
it
,
the
Princes
,
the
Prelates
and
Confederate
Lords
assembled
themselves
to
take
a
firm
and
the
last
Resolution
upon
an
Affair
so
little
foreseen
or
expected
by
them
;
and
it
was
at
length
concluded
by
them
,
that
for
the
present
,
laying
aside
the
Enterprise
of
the
Holy
Land
,
they
should
endeavour
to
take
Constantinople
,
and
imploy
their
Forces
about
it
for
the
remainder
of
the
Year
of
their
Confederation
;
and
that
for
three
Reasons
,
first
to
revenge
the
horrible
Murder
committed
upon
the
Person
of
him
,
whom
they
had
made
Emperor
,
and
to
overthrow
the
Throne
of
the
Usurper
,
who
had
seized
upon
it
by
such
abominable
Crimes
.
Secondly
,
to
do
themselves
Justice
,
by
taking
that
by
Force
,
which
it
was
in
vain
for
them
to
expect
from
the
Tyrant
,
and
which
was
really
due
to
them
in
Virtue
of
the
Treaty
which
they
had
made
with
the
late
Emperor
Alexis
.
And
in
the
last
place
to
make
themselves
Masters
of
Constantinople
,
and
consequently
of
all
the
Empire
of
the
East
,
which
was
the
thing
of
the
World
,
the
most
glorious
for
the
Crusades
,
the
most
advantageous
to
the
Church
,
and
the
most
necessary
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
;
as
had
been
but
too
evident
in
all
the
other
Crusades
,
and
without
which
they
could
difficultly
Expect
to
be
Successful
,
and
especially
when
they
should
have
this
Tyrant
,
their
mortal
Enemy
,
possessed
of
it
,
who
would
certainly
employ
all
his
Power
and
his
Malice
for
their
Destruction
;
especially
since
now
there
could
not
be
the
same
Scruple
,
which
was
made
against
the
Advice
of
the
wise
Bishop
of
Langress
,
who
counselled
Lewis
the
Young
,
by
all
means
to
seize
upon
Constantinople
,
before
he
passed
any
further
;
in
regard
that
there
could
not
be
the
least
Colour
that
the
War
against
an
Usurper
,
and
a
Parricide
,
against
Rebels
and
Traitors
was
unjust
or
unlawful
.
All
the
Bishops
the
Abbots
,
and
even
the
Friends
of
the
Pope
were
so
far
from
opposing
this
Resolution
,
that
they
endeavoured
to
promote
it
with
all
their
Power
,
assuring
the
Army
that
in
the
Execution
of
this
Enterprise
they
should
obtain
the
same
Indulgences
,
which
the
Pope
had
granted
to
those
who
went
to
combat
against
the
Infidels
.
So
that
all
mens
minds
being
perfectly
well
disposed
to
it
,
and
the
Army
fully
resolved
to
perform
their
Duty
,
the
War
was
again
begun
both
by
Land
and
Sea
;
and
to
encourage
them
,
in
the
very
beginning
they
met
with
a
lucky
Presage
of
the
Success
of
the
Enterprise
,
by
a
most
signal
Victory
which
was
obtained
against
the
Tyrant
Murtzuphle
.
year
1204
For
Henry
the
Brother
of
Count
Baldwin
,
accompanied
with
James
de
Avesnes
,
Baldwin
de
Beavoir
,
Eudes
and
William
de
Chamlite
,
with
a
good
Party
of
the
most
Valiant
men
of
the
Army
,
resolved
to
endeavour
the
surprise
of
the
City
Philea
,
anciently
Phinopolis
,
situate
some
five
or
six
Leagues
from
the
Camp
,
on
the
Thracian
Side
near
the
Mouth
of
the
Bosphorus
,
upon
the
Euxine
Sea
.
After
they
had
in
order
to
it
marched
all
night
,
early
in
the
morning
they
came
before
the
Place
without
being
discovered
,
and
presently
presented
the
Scalade
,
and
notwithstanding
all
the
Resistance
of
the
Inhabitants
,
who
as
soon
as
they
perceived
their
Danger
ran
from
all
parts
to
repulse
them
,
these
brave
men
took
it
by
Force
.
And
the
City
being
a
Place
of
great
Traffick
and
consequently
very
rich
,
they
made
there
a
mighty
Booty
,
which
,
together
with
the
Prisoners
,
and
abundance
of
Provisions
which
they
found
there
,
they
sent
down
the
Chanal
in
their
Barks
to
the
Camp
.
And
having
refreshed
themselves
for
two
days
,
they
returned
loaden
with
the
Spoils
,
the
remainder
of
their
Booty
,
towards
the
Camp
.
But
Murtzuphle
being
advertised
thereof
,
by
Night
drew
out
of
Constantinople
with
a
great
Party
of
his
Army
,
and
having
placed
himself
in
Ambush
near
a
Wood
by
which
they
must
of
Necessity
return
,
he
suffered
the
first
Squadrons
to
pass
by
,
and
immediately
with
all
his
Forces
fell
upon
the
Rereguard
which
was
led
by
Prince
Henry
.
Now
although
this
Surprise
was
very
suddain
and
unexpected
,
yet
this
Brave
Prince
shewed
his
great
Courage
,
and
admirable
Resolution
;
for
without
being
in
the
least
daunted
,
to
see
so
great
an
Army
ready
to
charge
him
,
and
the
Emperor
in
Person
at
the
Head
of
them
,
or
to
find
himself
with
such
a
Handful
of
men
,
divided
from
the
rest
,
who
were
already
advanced
a
good
way
into
the
Forest
,
and
who
could
not
come
up
to
him
in
any
Order
but
by
filing
off
in
small
Parties
by
reason
of
the
Straitness
of
the
Passage
;
he
notwithstanding
all
these
disadvantages
,
made
Head
against
the
Enemy
,
and
generously
sustained
their
first
Charge
,
when
it
came
to
his
turn
,
charging
them
also
so
vigorously
that
he
still
gained
Ground
of
them
till
such
time
as
his
Companions
hearing
the
Noise
of
the
Combat
,
made
hast
to
his
Assistance
,
and
drew
up
in
Order
without
the
Wood.
Then
seeing
that
he
should
be
seconded
by
his
Party
,
he
charged
with
so
much
Fury
upon
the
Greeks
,
who
were
already
in
Disorder
,
that
they
all
took
the
Rout
and
followed
the
Emperour
,
who
to
make
more
hast
in
his
Flight
,
lightned
himself
of
his
Buckler
and
his
Arms
,
and
yet
notwithstanding
had
like
to
have
left
his
Life
too
behind
him
,
had
it
not
been
for
the
Swiftness
of
an
excellent
Horse
,
to
whose
Heels
and
the
Spurs
of
his
own
Fear
,
he
that
day
owed
his
Life
.
He
left
however
twenty
of
the
most
principal
Men
of
his
Army
among
the
Slain
,
together
with
a
great
Number
of
private
Soldiers
,
and
many
Prisoners
with
all
his
Baggage
;
and
that
which
most
rejoyced
the
Army
was
,
that
together
with
the
Great
Standard
of
the
Empire
,
they
took
that
famous
Image
of
the
Blessed
Virgin
,
which
the
Grecian
Emperors
,
were
accustomed
to
have
carried
before
them
in
all
their
Battles
as
the
invincible
Companion
of
the
Romans
,
as
Nicetas
saith
,
who
tells
us
that
the
Emperor
Zimisces
after
he
had
conquered
the
Bulgarians
,
caused
it
to
be
carried
in
the
Triumphant
Chariot
,
which
was
prepared
for
himself
,
protesting
that
it
was
to
the
Virgin
represented
by
that
Image
,
to
whom
he
ought
to
render
that
Honor
,
since
to
her
he
owed
the
Victory
.
However
the
taking
of
this
Banner
and
Image
was
looked
upon
as
a
happy
Presage
that
they
should
gain
the
Empire
of
Constantinople
,
since
the
Blessed
Virgin
,
to
whom
that
Imperial
City
was
dedicated
by
the
mighty
Constantine
,
seemed
to
forsake
it
to
pass
into
the
French
Camp
,
as
it
were
to
guide
and
conduct
them
in
their
Entrance
into
the
City
.
Murtzuphle
astonished
with
this
Blow
,
began
now
to
think
of
attempting
the
ways
of
Artifice
,
having
for
that
purpose
obtained
a
Conference
with
the
Doge
of
Venice
;
but
with
all
his
Arts
he
was
not
able
to
delude
this
clear
sighted
,
blind
old
man
,
who
by
the
Eyes
of
his
Soul
saw
through
all
his
Juggles
and
Slight
of
Hand
.
So
that
all
things
were
prepared
to
give
a
general
Assault
upon
the
City
by
Sea
;
for
in
regard
that
on
that
side
there
was
only
a
single
Wall
,
it
was
believed
that
the
French
,
who
were
to
land
upon
the
Key
,
making
their
Attack
there
,
whilest
at
the
same
time
the
Venetians
should
make
theirs
by
sighting
upon
their
Ships
,
the
place
might
soon
and
most
easily
be
carried
.
year
1204
On
the
other
side
,
the
Tyrant
who
was
a
Soldier
,
and
who
saw
that
his
safety
wholly
depended
upon
his
strong
Resolution
of
a
stout
defence
,
failed
nor
to
give
all
necessary
Orders
for
opposing
the
Latins
in
the
best
manner
that
he
could
;
he
marched
quite
through
the
City
in
his
Habiliments
of
War
,
his
Sword
by
his
side
,
and
a
huge
Horsemans
Mace
in
his
Hand
,
encompassed
with
his
Guards
,
and
with
a
mind
fierce
and
resolute
,
he
endeavoured
to
encourage
the
Greeks
to
defend
their
Liberty
,
with
a
stern
and
menacing
tone
reproaching
the
Great
men
of
the
Empire
with
their
Effeminate
and
Voluptuous
way
of
living
,
and
obliged
them
more
by
the
fear
of
his
Savage
Humour
,
than
by
the
hopes
of
Victory
,
or
his
Example
,
to
betake
themselves
to
their
Arms.
And
as
he
imagined
that
the
Latins
intended
to
storm
the
City
,
he
forgot
nothing
that
might
contribute
to
its
Defence
;
he
fortified
the
Walls
and
Towers
;
he
raised
them
where
they
were
low
with
Parapets
,
made
of
strong
Timber
and
floored
with
boards
two
or
three
Stories
high
,
that
so
his
men
might
under
Shelter
discharge
upon
the
Assailants
.
All
the
Curtain
and
the
Platforms
of
the
Towers
,
were
stored
with
such
a
great
number
of
all
kinds
of
Engines
,
that
one
could
scarcely
believe
there
was
in
the
whole
World
a
City
so
well
fortified
and
provided
,
or
which
could
be
more
difficult
to
be
taken
.
But
the
Princes
who
were
not
much
concerned
at
these
Preparations
,
knowing
they
signified
nothing
unless
they
were
defended
by
men
of
Courage
,
after
they
had
laboured
in
making
all
things
ready
,
till
Thursday
,
the
Week
after
mid-lent
,
upon
that
day
,
being
the
eighth
of
April
,
they
caused
all
the
Army
to
be
imbarked
upon
the
Ships
which
were
ranged
into
two
Lines
,
extending
half
a
League
in
their
Front
.
The
Great
Ships
were
in
the
first
with
their
long
Ladders
in
manner
of
a
Draw-Bridge
,
which
were
fastned
to
the
Masts
and
the
Wooden
Towers
of
an
extraordinary
Height
.
The
Gallies
and
Flat
Bottoms
were
in
the
Second
,
and
were
to
advance
through
the
Intervals
which
were
left
between
Ship
and
Ship
.
Early
in
the
next
Morning
all
the
Fleet
weighed
,
and
with
the
Help
of
Sails
and
Oars
,
crossing
the
Gulph
in
good
Order
,
they
presented
themselves
before
the
Walls
:
They
had
all
the
Success
they
could
have
hoped
;
for
in
Despight
of
the
Discharge
of
the
Enemies
Engines
,
and
the
Infinite
number
of
Darts
and
Arrows
which
were
powered
upon
them
from
the
Curtain
and
the
Towers
,
those
who
were
aboard
the
Gallies
and
the
flat
Bottoms
,
observing
their
order
of
passing
between
the
great
Ships
,
got
safely
ashoar
,
and
planting
their
Engines
all
along
the
Key
,
they
clapt
their
Ladders
to
the
Walls
;
and
then
the
great
Ships
coming
up
close
,
the
Venetians
throwing
out
their
Bridges
made
of
Masts
and
Yards
,
placed
them
against
the
Towers
,
and
both
the
one
and
the
other
mounting
Courageously
went
to
the
Assault
with
their
Swords
in
their
Hands
.
The
Combat
was
maintained
on
both
sides
with
an
Incredible
Fury
;
the
Assaillants
animated
by
the
Ardent
Desire
which
they
had
,
and
the
certain
hope
they
entertained
that
they
should
that
day
take
the
richest
City
in
the
World
:
And
the
Defendants
forced
by
the
Necessity
whereto
they
were
reduced
either
to
Vanquish
or
lose
all
.
But
in
Conclusion
the
number
of
these
Desperate
Defendants
being
Infinite
in
Comparison
of
the
Assailants
,
and
the
Emperor
who
had
pitched
his
Tents
in
a
spacious
place
upon
a
rising
Ground
in
the
City
,
near
the
Walls
,
continually
sending
fresh
Supplies
,
to
refresh
those
who
were
weary
,
and
the
Towers
which
he
had
raised
upon
the
Walls
surpassing
those
Wooden
ones
to
which
they
had
applyed
the
scaling
Ladders
;
so
that
the
Greeks
fought
with
all
manner
of
Advantage
in
discharging
their
Darts
,
Arrows
and
stones
from
the
higher
place
,
the
Assailants
were
every
where
repulsed
,
and
about
three
of
the
Clock
in
the
Afternoon
they
were
forced
to
retreat
with
the
loss
of
many
Soldiers
and
a
great
many
Engines
of
Battery
.
This
ill
success
did
a
little
trouble
the
Princes
,
but
it
was
so
far
from
abating
their
Courage
,
that
it
raised
it
much
higher
,
by
inflaming
it
with
a
generous
Despight
to
find
themselves
obliged
to
yield
to
those
whom
they
had
so
often
beaten
.
And
the
same
Night
they
held
a
Councel
of
War
,
where
it
was
resolved
that
all
things
should
be
disposed
within
two
days
,
to
give
a
second
Assault
upon
the
same
side
,
and
not
on
that
of
the
Propontis
,
as
the
French
proposed
,
in
regard
that
part
of
the
City
was
not
so
well
fortified
;
for
the
Venetians
,
who
better
understood
the
Sea
,
made
them
apprehend
,
that
if
they
once
went
out
of
the
Port
,
the
Current
would
undoutedly
carry
them
into
the
Chanal
of
the
Bosphorus
,
year
1204
and
that
it
was
impossible
to
stem
the
Course
of
the
Sea
,
or
to
bring
the
Ships
near
to
the
Walls
.
They
therefore
only
added
to
the
order
which
had
been
formerly
observed
in
the
Assault
,
that
there
should
not
now
be
one
Ship
alotted
to
each
Tower
,
but
two
tied
together
,
that
thereby
they
might
be
able
to
attack
the
great
numbers
which
defended
the
Towers
,
with
greater
Force
than
could
be
expected
from
the
Soldiers
of
one
single
Ship
;
It
was
also
resolved
that
the
French
should
be
intermixed
with
the
Venetians
,
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
that
so
the
two
Nations
might
not
lay
the
Blame
of
a
Miscarriage
if
any
should
happen
upon
one
another
.
Upon
Munday
therefore
the
twelth
of
April
,
they
came
to
the
Assault
with
greater
Vigor
,
resolution
and
sierceness
than
before
,
notwithstanding
that
they
saw
all
the
Towers
and
the
Walls
covered
with
an
Infinite
of
Soldiers
.
This
consident
Approach
struck
a
Terror
into
the
Greeks
,
who
believed
they
should
have
terrified
the
Assailants
with
that
number
or
men
,
and
little
expected
the
Latins
would
so
suddainly
make
another
Attempt
,
of
which
they
so
assured
themselves
,
that
they
had
spent
the
two
days
with
great
rejoycings
,
and
abundance
of
Bonsires
,
for
the
Joy
of
the
Victory
.
The
Assault
was
extremely
furious
,
and
continued
a
long
time
without
the
French
and
Venetians
advancing
any
thing
more
than
in
the
first
Assault
or
giving
it
over
for
the
obstinate
resistance
with
which
they
met
;
they
sought
on
both
sides
every
where
with
an
equal
desire
and
resolution
of
being
the
Victors
,
and
the
advantage
seemed
till
noon
to
continue
with
the
Greeks
;
but
then
a
Gale
arising
from
the
Norward
,
proved
mighty
favourable
to
the
Assailants
,
by
driving
the
Ships
close
up
to
the
very
Walls
;
Whereupon
two
great
Ships
,
one
called
the
Pilgrim
,
the
other
the
Paradise
,
being
tied
together
by
a
good
Omen
for
the
Crusades
,
having
on
board
of
them
among
other
French
Lords
,
the
Bishops
of
Soissons
and
Troyes
,
were
carried
so
near
to
a
Tower
adjoyning
to
the
Hill
where
the
Tyrant
was
posted
,
that
they
applied
their
Bridges
and
Ladders
without
any
difficulty
;
immediately
then
two
of
the
most
Valiant
Knights
,
one
a
French
man
,
whose
name
was
Andrew
d'
Vrboise
,
a
Domestick
of
the
Bishop
of
Soissons
;
the
other
a
Venetian
,
who
was
called
Peter
Alberti
,
mounted
courageously
well
covered
with
their
Shields
,
and
with
their
Scimiters
in
their
Hands
,
they
both
leaped
down
together
into
the
Tower
,
and
were
upon
a
signal
immediately
followed
by
John
de
Choisy
and
all
the
brave
men
which
were
aboard
those
two
Ships
.
It
some
times
happens
in
War
,
that
there
is
but
one
single
Moment
,
and
one
brave
Action
of
some
Valiant
man
to
decide
a
day
;
those
who
defended
this
Tower
,
were
so
terrified
with
this
Heroick
Confidence
of
these
two
men
,
and
much
more
by
the
dreadful
Blows
which
they
bestowed
,
making
Heads
,
Arms
and
Legs
fly
off
where
ever
they
sell
,
that
losing
their
Courage
and
Judgement
they
made
all
the
hast
they
could
to
get
out
of
their
reach
,
and
with
Precipitation
abandoned
the
Tower
to
these
two
Heroes
and
those
who
thronged
up
after
them
with
desire
to
pertake
of
the
Honor
of
the
Action
.
Those
who
sought
ashoar
,
and
those
who
were
upon
the
Gallies
to
support
them
,
seeing
that
those
who
were
aboard
these
two
Ships
,
had
planted
their
Ensigns
upon
this
Tower
,
and
the
Greeks
already
took
the
Fright
,
were
so
ashamed
to
see
themselves
behind
hand
,
that
some
of
them
with
Precipitation
throwing
themselves
ashoar
,
whilest
others
planted
the
Ladders
against
the
Walls
,
the
one
and
the
other
mounting
in
Shoals
,
pushing
,
overthrowing
with
their
Bucklers
,
and
with
huge
Blows
killing
all
those
,
who
in
this
horrible
disorder
,
into
which
Fear
and
Dispair
had
driven
the
Greeks
,
made
any
resistance
;
and
continually
pursuing
their
Point
,
with
a
Courage
extremely
heightned
by
the
Hopes
of
Victory
,
they
quickly
made
themselves
Masters
of
four
other
Towers
,
and
there
planted
their
Victorious
Ensigns
.
At
the
same
time
they
who
fought
upon
the
Key
,
and
they
who
descended
from
the
Gallies
and
Ships
,
where
they
were
employed
continually
to
shoot
against
the
Curtain
,
inraged
to
think
that
they
should
be
the
last
in
the
taking
of
Constantinople
,
ran
to
the
Gates
,
and
with
their
Rams
broak
three
of
them
open
;
they
also
who
were
already
gotten
into
the
Town
over
the
Walls
,
having
opened
the
others
which
were
between
the
Towers
,
which
they
had
taken
,
the
whole
Army
entred
,
year
1204
and
drew
up
in
order
between
the
Walls
and
the
Heads
of
the
Streets
which
abutted
upon
the
Haven
,
that
so
they
might
not
be
surprized
indisorder
,
but
be
in
a
Condition
regularly
to
attack
any
that
should
be
commanded
to
oppose
them
:
For
they
saw
the
Emperor
advantageously
posted
before
them
upon
his
Hill
,
and
who
had
put
his
Troops
in
Battalia
,
before
his
Tents
upon
the
rising
Grounds
which
lay
on
each
Hand
of
him
;
so
that
he
seemed
either
resolved
to
charge
the
Confederate
Army
,
to
drive
them
again
out
of
the
City
,
or
at
least
,
firmly
to
expect
them
in
his
advantageous
Post
,
if
they
should
venture
to
attack
him
;
and
however
to
prevent
them
from
proceeding
further
.
But
by
the
Cowardice
of
his
men
or
possibly
his
own
,
and
the
fear
he
was
in
,
to
fall
into
the
hands
of
the
Princes
,
wanting
the
Resolution
of
a
Valiant
man
to
conquer
or
to
die
nobly
with
his
Sword
in
his
Hand
,
he
did
neither
the
one
nor
the
other
;
for
the
Greeks
did
no
sooner
see
the
Knights
in
their
glittering
Armour
mount
their
charging
Horses
,
with
the
Visors
of
their
Helmets
down
,
and
the
Lance
in
the
rest
begin
to
move
,
to
run
against
them
,
having
at
the
Head
of
them
a
brave
Lord
of
great
Stature
,
whom
their
fear
made
them
magnifie
into
a
Giant
,
but
they
instantly
disbanded
,
and
with
all
the
hast
they
could
,
began
to
run
and
save
themselves
,
some
out
of
the
City
by
the
Dorean
Gate
,
others
in
the
Palace
,
and
in
the
Churches
which
they
Barricadoed
to
defend
themselves
.
The
Emperor
at
full
Speed
threw
himself
into
the
great
Palace
,
which
had
one
Gate
upon
the
Propontis
;
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
Lords
and
Officers
,
retrenched
themselves
in
that
Quarter
,
and
in
the
Palace
of
Blaquerness
.
All
the
rest
,
following
that
Example
,
ran
in
a
dreadful
disorder
through
the
Streets
to
gain
their
Houses
,
the
Victors
still
being
at
their
Heels
,
who
in
this
first
fury
,
which
was
not
easie
to
be
stopped
in
the
taking
of
a
City
by
Assault
,
overthrew
and
killed
all
that
they
could
reach
,
making
a
most
horrible
Slaughter
among
these
miserable
People
;
and
above
all
the
Latins
who
had
inhabited
Constantinople
,
made
the
most
cruel
carnage
to
revenge
themselves
,
for
having
been
banished
out
of
it
upon
the
great
Conflagration
of
that
unfortunate
City
.
The
Night
,
which
now
came
on
apace
,
favourably
for
the
Greeks
,
stopped
the
Current
of
this
Fury
;
a
retreat
was
sounded
,
and
the
Princes
having
rallied
their
men
in
an
open
Place
,
distributed
them
into
three
Quarters
and
ordered
them
to
fortifie
themselves
there
,
not
doubting
,
but
that
they
must
have
more
fighting
work
to
gain
the
rest
of
the
City
,
and
that
the
Greeks
would
not
fail
to
retrench
themselves
in
so
many
advantageous
Posts
,
which
they
might
very
easily
be
able
to
defend
;
as
in
our
time
we
have
known
the
People
of
Naples
and
the
Spaniards
retrench
one
against
the
other
,
in
divers
Quarters
of
the
Streets
and
in
the
Monasteries
,
and
to
fight
for
several
Months
in
one
City
,
as
if
it
had
been
a
great
Province
,
in
which
one
is
obliged
to
take
several
Cities
and
Forts
,
to
make
a
Conquest
of
the
whole
.
Thus
the
whole
Army
was
posted
near
the
Towers
and
the
Wall
which
they
had
taken
,
and
which
they
were
able
to
defend
;
the
Duke
of
Venice
encamped
close
by
the
Walls
to
be
near
his
Ships
,
if
any
Attempt
should
in
the
Night
be
made
against
them
.
The
Earl
of
Flanders
by
a
happy
Presage
,
lodged
himself
in
the
Imperial
Tents
,
which
Murtzuphle
had
lest
ready
for
him
upon
the
Hill
,
where
he
was
posted
during
the
Assault
.
Prince
Henry
and
the
Earl
of
Blois
his
men
lay
upon
his
right
,
and
retrenched
themselves
before
the
Palace
of
Blaquerness
;
and
Marquis
Boniface
took
his
Lodgement
to
the
left
in
a
quarter
lying
more
to
the
East
,
where
certain
Soldiers
,
fearing
to
be
surprized
by
the
Greeks
,
set
sire
to
some
Houses
,
that
,
as
they
thought
,
lay
too
near
them
,
and
so
occasioned
a
third
sire
which
reduced
the
greatest
part
of
that
quarter
of
the
City
into
Ashes
.
As
for
the
Earl
of
Blois
he
was
not
at
the
taking
of
the
City
being
extremely
ill
that
day
with
a
sit
of
a
terrible
Quartane
Ague
which
kept
him
in
his
Bed
,
and
hindred
him
from
being
at
the
Attack
,
which
was
no
small
Affliction
to
him
,
who
was
as
desirous
of
being
present
there
as
he
was
stout
and
courageous
,
being
esteemed
,
as
he
really
was
,
one
of
the
most
Brave
and
Valiant
men
of
his
time
.
But
all
these
Precautions
of
the
Confederates
were
unnecessary
,
for
early
the
next
morning
being
drawn
up
in
Battalia
,
and
expecting
to
be
incountred
with
at
least
a
hundred
thousand
Enemies
,
they
were
met
with
nothing
but
Processions
,
which
from
all
Quarters
came
before
them
,
bearing
the
Crosses
,
year
1204
the
Banners
and
Images
of
Saints
to
implore
the
Clemency
of
the
Victors
.
For
while
the
Princes
were
in
this
manner
retrenching
themselves
in
their
several
Ports
;
Murtzuphle
,
who
had
ordered
all
things
ready
for
his
concealed
Design
,
issuing
out
of
the
Palace
,
ran
about
the
Streets
and
the
Market
Places
,
animating
the
People
to
defend
their
Liberty
against
this
Handful
of
Desperado's
,
as
he
termed
them
,
who
had
now
shut
themselves
into
a
Place
from
whence
it
was
impossible
for
them
to
escape
,
provided
they
could
find
Courage
enough
to
oppose
them
,
and
telling
them
it
was
the
easiest
matter
in
the
World
to
surround
them
,
and
take
them
alive
and
make
them
all
Slaves
;
this
he
spoak
with
so
much
assurance
,
and
protested
that
he
would
march
at
the
head
of
those
who
had
the
Courage
to
follow
him
to
a
most
undoubted
Victory
,
that
a
great
many
of
the
People
and
all
the
Soldiers
,
resolved
the
next
morning
under
his
Conduct
,
to
attack
the
French
in
their
Quarters
.
But
this
Infamous
Coward
was
so
far
from
the
Intention
of
executing
what
he
pretended
,
that
retiring
to
the
great
palace
,
as
he
said
,
a
little
to
repose
himself
,
he
followed
the
Example
of
his
usurping
Predecessor
old
Alexis
,
and
in
the
night
made
his
escape
upon
a
Ship
which
he
had
caused
to
be
made
ready
for
him
.
He
took
along
with
him
the
Empress
Euphrosine
,
Wife
to
Alexis
,
and
her
Daughter
the
Princess
Eudoxia
,
of
whom
he
was
so
desperately
Amorous
,
that
he
chose
rather
to
lose
his
Honor
and
his
Empire
,
than
to
expose
himself
to
the
Danger
of
missing
the
Satisfaction
of
his
Passion
,
which
,
cost
what
it
would
,
he
was
resolved
to
gratifie
,
as
he
did
,
by
abandoning
his
Lawful
Wife
to
espouse
that
foolish
Princess
.
So
blind
and
Tyrannous
,
is
irregular
Love
,
in
a
Heart
which
yields
it self
up
to
its
Usurpation
,
where
,
when
once
those
Gross
and
Earthy
Flames
prevail
,
they
extinguish
all
the
Lights
of
Reason
,
and
Vertue
,
and
even
those
more
common
Principles
of
good
sense
and
Nature
.
So
soon
as
this
Shameful
Flight
of
Murtzuphle
was
known
,
the
People
ran
thundring
to
the
Church
of
Sancta
Sophia
to
make
a
new
Emperor
,
and
in
the
Tumult
Theodore
Lascaris
,
who
was
just
returned
to
Constantinople
was
instantly
chosen
,
and
compelled
to
take
the
Helm
of
this
Ship
of
the
Government
which
was
now
agitated
by
such
a
Furious
Tempest
.
But
in
a
few
Moments
after
this
new
Prince
perceiving
that
this
Ardor
of
the
People
began
to
slag
,
and
that
instead
of
following
him
to
oppose
the
Enemy
,
every
man
began
to
think
of
saving
one
,
he
also
took
the
same
Measures
,
and
before
day
made
his
Escape
in
the
best
manner
that
he
could
.
Upon
this
the
whole
City
threw
down
their
Arms
and
fell
to
their
Prayers
and
Processions
,
to
implore
the
Mercy
and
Compassion
of
the
Conquerors
;
addressing
themselves
principally
to
the
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
who
was
known
among
them
,
and
to
whom
the
flattering
Greeks
already
gave
the
Title
of
Emperor
,
believing
that
he
ought
to
be
the
man
.
Thus
by
the
most
astonishing
and
prodigious
Event
which
hath
nothing
comparable
to
it
in
all
History
,
the
greatest
City
of
the
World
,
the
richest
and
according
to
the
manner
of
those
times
,
the
best
fortified
,
and
defended
by
above
four
hundred
thousand
men
,
was
taken
by
Assault
,
and
peaceably
possessed
by
the
Confederates
,
whose
Army
did
not
consist
in
above
twenty
thousand
Combatants
.
Which
may
inform
the
Christians
,
That
this
very
same
City
,
which
at
this
day
is
neither
so
strong
,
so
well
furnished
,
nor
peopled
,
by
far
as
it
was
then
,
and
upon
the
taking
whereof
the
Conquest
of
the
Eastern
Empire
would
most
certainly
depend
,
could
never
be
able
to
resist
one
of
those
great
Armies
,
which
their
Divisions
,
so
fatal
to
the
Interest
of
Christian
Religion
,
oblige
them
so
often
to
bring
into
the
Field
for
their
mutual
Destruction
.
But
this
is
an
Evil
which
for
a
long
time
we
have
deplored
,
and
must
still
lament
,
unless
it
shall
please
Almighty
God
,
in
whose
hands
are
the
Hearts
of
Princes
,
to
give
a
firm
and
solid
Peace
among
them
,
and
inspire
the
Heart
of
some
generous
Hero
with
Courage
equal
to
this
of
these
Brave
French
Princes
,
who
with
so
few
Forces
accomplished
this
glorious
Enterprise
;
which
would
not
be
so
great
an
Impossibility
even
for
their
Descendants
to
undertake
if
they
were
in
a
Condition
of
Assurance
from
the
Hatred
,
the
Ambition
and
the
Jealousie
of
their
Neighbours
.
The
Princes
pleasingly
surprized
to
find
that
they
had
nothing
but
Suppliants
,
where
they
expected
Enemies
,
immediately
,
with
the
Generosity
which
always
accompanies
true
Valour
,
year
1204
promised
them
their
Lives
,
their
Honour
,
their
Liberty
,
and
one
part
of
their
Estates
,
which
they
knew
by
the
Laws
of
War
,
all
appertained
to
the
Conquerors
.
They
therefore
commanded
them
to
retire
into
their
Houses
;
and
then
gave
the
Soldiers
the
Plunder
of
the
City
for
that
day
,
but
with
strict
Command
to
shed
no
blood
,
and
to
preserve
the
Honor
of
the
Women
,
above
all
other
things
:
they
also
commanded
that
all
the
Spoils
should
be
brought
into
Common
Repositories
,
to
the
End
that
a
just
Distribution
might
be
made
with
Equality
,
according
to
the
Merit
and
Quality
of
every
Person
.
This
being
done
,
the
Marquis
of
Montferrat
went
to
the
great
Pal●ce
of
the
Emperors
,
where
were
the
two
Empresses
,
Agnes
the
Sister
of
Philip
the
August
,
the
Widow
of
the
two
Emperors
,
Alexis
the
Son
of
Manuel
,
and
Andronicus
,
and
Margaret
the
Widow
of
the
Emperor
Isaac
,
and
most
of
the
Ladies
of
the
first
Quality
who
were
retired
thither
.
The
Marquis
treated
them
with
all
imaginable
Honor
and
Civility
due
to
their
Character
,
and
not
long
after
married
the
Empress
Margaret
.
At
the
same
time
Prince
Henry
having
presented
himself
before
the
Palace
of
Blaquerness
,
whither
the
greatest
part
of
the
Nobility
and
men
of
Condition
were
retired
,
they
rendred
themselves
to
him
as
Prisoners
of
War
,
their
Lives
only
saved
.
There
were
found
in
these
two
Palaces
most
Inestimable
Riches
,
which
the
two
Princes
caused
to
be
most
carefully
guarded
from
Spoil
and
Imbezlement
.
As
for
the
Soldiers
,
who
dispersed
themselves
all
over
the
City
as
they
pleased
,
no
man
daring
to
resist
them
,
the
Historian
Nicetas
,
who
was
present
,
affirms
,
that
they
committed
all
the
most
horrible
Excesses
that
can
be
imagined
,
by
all
sorts
of
Violence
,
Cruelty
,
Avarice
,
Lust
and
Impiety
,
not
sparing
so
much
as
the
Churches
,
the
Shrines
,
the
Images
,
the
Reliques
,
the
Holy
Vessels
,
the
very
Boxes
where
the
consecrated
Host
was
kept
,
nor
the
most
Sacred
Mysteries
of
Religion
,
but
profaned
them
with
a
thousand
such
abominable
Sacriledges
,
as
the
very
thought
of
them
is
sufficient
to
raise
in
devout
Minds
the
greatest
Horror
and
detestation
,
but
on
the
contrary
,
those
of
our
Historians
,
who
have
with
the
greatest
Exactness
given
us
the
Relation
of
all
the
Circumstances
of
the
taking
and
plundring
of
Constantinople
,
say
nothing
at
all
of
this
disorder
,
although
they
were
more
likely
to
know
the
Truth
than
Nicetas
,
who
,
during
the
first
Tumult
,
together
with
the
Patriarch
,
John
Camaterus
,
saved
himself
with
his
Family
at
Selyvrea
.
They
only
assure
us
,
that
the
Soldiers
made
there
the
greatest
Booty
in
Gold
,
Silver
,
Vessels
,
Pearls
,
precious
Stones
,
Cloth
of
Gold
,
Silks
,
Rich
Furs
,
and
in
all
sorts
of
precious
Moveables
,
that
ever
was
made
at
the
taking
of
any
City
since
the
Creation
of
the
World
,
as
the
Mareshal
de
Ville
Hardouin
after
his
manner
ingeniously
expresseth
himself
.
But
to
speak
without
Dissimulation
,
I
believe
,
after
the
matter
is
throughly
considered
,
one
may
affirm
that
one
of
them
says
too
much
,
and
the
other
too
little
.
For
as
to
what
concerns
Nicetas
,
it
is
but
reading
this
part
of
his
History
,
and
one
shall
be
perfectly
convinced
,
that
the
Excess
of
his
Grief
,
and
the
hatred
,
which
upon
all
Occasions
he
makes
appear
against
the
Latins
,
transported
him
beyond
all
Limits
whatsoever
,
not
only
to
speak
sharply
,
but
with
a
kind
of
Fury
in
Exaggerations
,
mingled
with
Invectives
,
injurious
reproaches
and
most
tragical
Exclamations
,
which
as
they
are
insupportable
even
in
a
Declamer
upon
a
feigned
Subject
,
who
is
paid
for
making
Lies
and
Scurrilities
,
are
intolerable
,
and
wholly
unworthy
of
an
Historian
,
who
ought
not
to
be
credited
when
he
writes
after
such
a
manner
.
As
for
our
Writers
who
most
assuredly
were
men
of
Honour
and
Honesty
,
as
it
is
below
all
men
of
Spirit
and
Courage
,
there
is
great
Probability
that
they
would
not
be
guilty
of
so
base
a
Vice
as
lying
,
and
cheatting
the
World
with
Falsities
;
though
it
is
impossible
they
might
think
themselves
dispensable
,
if
they
did
not
relate
all
the
ill
things
,
which
were
done
,
and
which
are
impossible
to
be
prevented
in
such
dismal
Events
,
as
the
taking
of
Cities
by
Assault
.
For
as
it
is
very
likely
that
all
the
Soldiers
,
who
were
not
Saints
,
though
they
were
Crusades
,
might
commit
disorders
,
like
to
those
which
in
our
time
,
we
have
known
upon
such
occasions
;
so
this
is
certain
,
that
the
report
was
too
publick
,
not
to
be
too
true
;
for
Pope
Innocent
,
in
a
Letter
,
which
some
time
after
he
writ
to
the
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
the
General
of
the
Army
,
although
he
at
last
approved
of
the
taking
of
Constantinople
,
as
a
means
to
make
the
Enterprise
of
the
Holy
Land
succeed
,
year
1204
yet
nevertheless
he
complains
of
the
great
Excesses
committed
upon
this
Occasion
,
and
above
all
,
of
the
Violation
of
the
Churches
,
which
were
dispoiled
of
their
Ornaments
,
and
of
their
Riches
.
Be
it
how
it
will
,
this
is
most
certain
,
that
both
the
Officers
and
Soldiers
,
who
before
were
poor
,
and
at
best
,
but
in
an
indifferent
Condition
,
as
being
reduced
to
an
extreme
Necessity
of
all
things
,
became
that
day
Rich
,
and
in
an
instant
exchanged
their
Wants
,
for
a
most
prodigious
Plenty
of
all
things
;
for
without
accounting
the
Moveables
,
the
Statues
,
the
Pictures
,
and
the
Jewels
,
and
a
hundred
other
things
of
mighty
Value
,
and
that
part
of
the
Booty
which
most
of
them
reserved
to
themselves
,
notwithstanding
all
the
Prohibitions
to
the
contrary
,
yet
there
remained
to
the
French
,
after
all
their
Debts
to
the
Venetians
were
paid
,
and
they
too
had
half
of
the
Spoil
,
above
four
hundred
thousand
Marks
in
Silver
,
to
be
distributed
among
them
;
besides
that
a
fourth
part
of
what
was
thus
brought
to
the
common
Stock
,
was
reserved
for
him
who
should
be
chosen
Emperor
.
And
nevertheless
the
Greeks
had
time
enough
during
the
Night
after
the
Assault
,
to
hide
,
as
they
did
,
the
greatest
part
of
their
Silver
and
best
things
,
which
they
afterwards
peaceably
injoyed
.
Besides
the
three
dreadful
Fires
,
must
needs
be
supposed
to
have
consumed
an
infinite
of
Goods
and
Treasure
;
and
the
Emperors
,
and
most
eminent
Persons
of
the
Empire
,
who
made
their
Escape
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
had
carried
with
them
whatever
they
had
,
that
was
most
portable
and
precious
.
So
that
hereby
one
may
judge
of
the
Riches
of
this
imperial
City
,
which
fell
under
the
Power
of
the
Crusades
,
without
any
other
Loss
in
the
taking
,
than
of
one
single
Knight
,
who
in
too
eagerly
pursuing
the
flying
Greeks
,
fell
into
a
Ditch
which
they
had
cut
in
the
Street
,
and
was
slain
by
his
Fall
.
But
in
my
Opinion
,
the
best
part
of
this
great
Booty
,
was
the
precious
Treasure
of
an
infinite
number
of
holy
Relicks
,
which
the
Emperors
,
after
great
Constantine
,
had
caused
to
be
transported
from
the
whole
East
,
and
especially
from
Palestine
to
Constantinople
,
and
which
since
the
taking
thereof
,
have
inriched
many
famous
Churches
in
Italy
,
Germany
,
Flanders
,
and
all
Europe
,
especially
France
.
For
from
thence
came
the
greatest
part
of
those
which
are
in
the
Royal
Church
of
St.
Dennis
,
Philip
the
August
,
to
whom
the
Emperor
Baldwin
sent
them
,
in
Person
receiving
them
,
and
transporting
them
thither
,
with
a
Pomp
and
Magnificence
worthy
of
the
Piety
of
so
great
a
King
:
From
thence
we
have
the
sacred
Crown
of
Thornes
,
the
true
Cross
,
the
top
of
the
Spear
with
which
our
Saviour's
precious
Side
was
pierced
,
and
the
other
holy
Relicks
,
which
are
reverenced
in
the
sacred
Chappel
of
Paris
,
where
they
were
put
by
St.
Lewis
,
who
by
the
Consent
of
the
Emperor
Baldwin
de
Courtenai
,
his
Kinsman
,
redeemed
them
out
of
the
Hands
of
the
Venetians
,
to
whom
they
were
pawned
.
And
that
I
may
not
trouble
the
Reader
with
a
long
Catalogue
,
those
which
are
possessed
by
the
Churches
of
Soissons
,
Troyes
,
Beauvais
,
Langres
,
Chartres
,
Laon
,
and
so
many
others
,
as
appears
by
the
Deeds
of
those
Churches
,
came
all
from
hence
;
and
from
hence
it
was
that
the
Church
of
Amiens
had
the
Head
of
that
Divine
Precursor
of
Christ
Jesus
,
St.
John
the
Baptist
,
which
renders
it
so
Famous
:
Nor
can
the
Truth
of
that
precious
Depositum
be
longer
doubted
,
since
that
Monsieur
Cange
,
in
the
excellent
Treatise
which
he
hath
written
about
that
Relick
,
hath
so
solidly
Established
,
and
so
cleared
the
Truth
,
by
dissipating
all
the
Clouds
which
have
been
raised
to
obscure
it
,
that
in
my
Opinion
there
are
none
but
those
who
are
willfully
Blind
,
but
must
see
the
Truth
of
it
.
There
remained
nothing
now
to
be
done
,
but
to
create
a
new
Emperor
;
and
for
this
Purpose
there
had
been
twelve
Electors
named
,
so
soon
as
the
Siege
of
Constantinople
was
resolved
upon
.
There
were
six
Venetians
which
were
,
the
Admiral
,
Vitalis
Dandolo
,
Otho
Quirini
,
Bertaccio
Contarini
,
Nicholas
Navagieri
,
Pantaleon
Barbo
,
and
John
Basegio
;
the
French
also
named
as
many
on
their
Part
,
which
were
the
Bishops
of
Soissons
,
Troyes
,
and
Halberstad
,
the
Bishop
of
Bethlehem
,
whom
the
Pope
had
caused
to
pass
from
Palestine
to
the
Army
,
to
be
his
Agent
there
,
John
Bishop
Elect
of
Acre
,
and
the
new
Abbot
of
Los
in
Montserrat
.
An
Election
of
this
Nature
was
without
doubt
a
very
tender
Affair
,
in
regard
that
there
being
many
Pretenders
to
this
extraordinary
Honor
,
there
was
great
reason
to
fear
,
that
those
who
were
excluded
by
the
Choice
of
their
Competitors
,
should
abandon
the
new
Emperor
,
year
1204
and
by
leaving
him
almost
alone
,
put
him
out
of
the
Condition
of
maintaining
himself
in
an
Empire
newly
conquered
,
and
wholly
unsetled
.
Besides
,
there
was
reason
to
apprehend
that
the
Electors
of
the
French
would
be
mightily
divided
,
by
reason
of
the
underhand
Influence
of
the
Pretenders
upon
them
,
and
that
consequently
the
Venetians
would
indubitably
be
the
Masters
of
the
Election
,
who
would
all
concur
to
place
that
Honor
upon
the
Person
of
the
Doge
,
who
,
notwithstanding
the
loss
of
his
Sight
,
was
most
capable
of
Governing
a
great
Empire
,
as
for
a
long
time
he
had
made
it
apparent
by
his
most
admirable
Government
of
that
flourishing
Republick
.
Notwithstanding
all
these
Appearances
to
the
contrary
,
by
the
marvellous
Prudence
of
the
Venetians
,
the
Election
was
made
in
the
most
peacable
manner
in
the
World
,
and
to
the
great
Satisfaction
of
all
Parties
.
For
these
People
being
most
wise
and
able
Politicians
,
considered
,
that
if
they
should
chuse
a
Venetian
for
the
Emperor
,
they
should
run
the
Hazard
of
Overthrowing
their
Republick
,
which
without
doubt
would
be
swallowed
up
in
Monarchy
,
the
inseparable
Companion
of
the
Empire
;
and
besides
,
they
saw
plainly
,
that
they
were
not
in
a
Condition
long
to
maintain
this
Empire
without
the
Assistance
of
the
French
,
and
that
also
a
new
Emperor
would
be
obliged
mutually
to
depend
of
them
,
it
being
impossible
for
him
long
to
subsist
without
their
Maritim
Succors
.
Hereupon
they
had
no
further
Thoughts
of
placing
one
of
their
own
Nation
upon
the
imperial
Throne
,
but
turned
their
Indeavours
and
Aims
wholly
to
the
Point
of
making
all
the
Advantage
they
could
of
this
new
Conquest
,
for
the
Increase
of
their
Republick
:
On
the
other
side
,
the
French
did
themselves
all
the
Justice
imaginable
,
and
were
unanimous
in
their
Opinion
,
that
the
Election
ought
to
fall
either
upon
the
Marquis
Boniface
,
who
was
their
General
,
or
upon
Count
Baldwin
,
in
regard
,
that
without
Dispute
these
two
Princes
were
the
most
potent
of
all
the
Confederates
,
and
consequently
,
most
capable
of
maintaining
and
defending
the
new
Empire
.
Whereupon
to
avoid
all
manner
of
Disputes
and
Differences
,
which
might
happen
betwixt
them
after
the
Election
,
it
was
by
their
Consent
agreed
,
that
whichsoever
of
them
two
should
be
Chosen
,
should
bestow
upon
the
other
,
to
be
held
in
fee
of
the
Empire
,
all
those
Territories
which
formerly
belonged
to
the
Greek
Empire
,
on
the
other
side
the
Bosphorus
,
together
with
the
Isle
of
Candia
.
This
being
done
,
the
twelve
Electors
being
assembled
in
the
Chappel
of
the
great
Imperial
Palace
,
called
Bucoleon
,
to
proceed
to
the
Election
,
the
six
Venetians
nominated
Baldwin
Earl
of
Flanders
,
herein
following
the
Counsel
of
their
Doge
,
with
whom
they
had
before
conferred
about
it
.
That
wise
Prince
,
besides
that
he
tenderly
loved
this
young
Prince
,
who
used
to
treat
the
old
Doge
with
that
Respect
,
as
if
he
had
been
his
Father
,
believed
also
that
he
was
the
most
proper
Person
to
hold
the
Empire
,
as
well
by
reason
that
he
was
in
the
prime
of
his
Age
,
as
of
his
Power
,
wherein
he
did
assuredly
much
surpass
the
Marquis
,
both
in
the
extent
of
his
Dominions
,
number
of
Men
,
and
in
Estate
;
he
also
,
by
a
profound
Policy
,
wisely
considered
,
that
it
was
much
more
conducive
to
the
good
of
the
Republick
,
to
chuse
a
Prince
,
whose
Dominions
lay
remote
from
those
of
Venice
,
as
did
Flanders
and
Hainault
,
whereas
the
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
who
was
their
near
Neighbor
,
and
a
great
Soldier
,
might
prove
a
terrible
Enemy
,
in
case
of
any
Breach
between
them
,
and
being
strengthened
with
the
Forces
of
so
great
an
Empire
,
might
be
in
a
Condition
to
do
them
much
Damage
both
by
Sea
and
Land
.
For
these
Reasons
,
the
six
Venetians
,
without
any
Hesitation
,
named
Baldwin
Earl
of
Flanders
,
for
the
Emperor
,
and
those
who
were
of
his
Party
among
the
French
,
at
the
same
time
joyning
with
them
in
the
Choice
;
the
others
,
who
were
for
the
Marquis
,
perceiving
that
it
was
but
lost
Labor
to
give
their
Votes
for
him
,
and
that
it
would
be
to
no
purpose
,
but
to
manifest
an
unprofitable
Imprudence
to
oppose
them
,
they
also
closed
with
them
,
and
declared
themselves
for
Prince
Baldwin
;
so
that
by
common
Consent
of
the
twelve
Electors
,
Baldwin
Prince
of
Flanders
and
Hainault
,
was
solemnly
proclaimed
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
the
second
Sunday
after
Easter
,
and
in
eight
days
after
he
was
solemnly
Crowned
in
the
Church
of
Sancta
Sophia
,
with
all
the
magnificent
Ceremonies
which
were
used
to
be
observed
at
the
Coronation
of
the
Emperors
,
and
with
the
Applause
and
general
Acclamations
of
the
Latins
and
the
Greeks
.
year
1204
And
in
truth
,
this
Prince
had
all
the
admirable
Qualities
which
could
be
wished
in
an
Emperor
,
and
such
as
never
failed
to
attract
the
Esteem
,
the
Respect
and
Veneration
,
the
Love
and
kind
Affections
of
his
Subjects
.
He
was
then
in
the
one
and
thirthieth
Year
of
his
Age
;
of
a
tall
Stature
,
a
Shape
extremely
Majestick
,
and
of
a
noble
Mind
;
the
Turn
of
his
Face
,
and
all
the
Lineaments
of
it
were
most
agreeable
,
his
Hair
fair
,
his
Eyes
sweet
,
and
a
graceful
Smile
continually
sate
about
his
Mouth
,
the
Air
of
his
Face
was
naturally
Modest
,
but
it
was
such
as
did
not
in
the
least
diminish
that
Fire
and
Vivacity
which
upon
Occasion
appeared
in
it
.
He
had
a
very
strong
Constitution
,
and
a
Health
,
which
had
been
so
well
managed
with
Temperance
,
the
best
Physician
,
that
it
was
Proof
against
all
the
Fatigues
of
War
,
and
all
the
Inconveniences
of
Life
,
which
he
pleasantly
Supported
,
without
losing
any
thing
of
his
Vigor
,
either
of
Body
or
Mind
:
His
Soul
seemed
naturally
to
partake
of
all
the
Vertues
and
Perfections
of
Mind
,
for
he
was
,
as
even
Nicetas
himself
is
constrained
to
acknowledge
,
of
a
rare
Piety
towards
God
,
and
of
admirable
Charity
and
Goodness
towards
his
Subjects
,
especially
towards
the
Poor
and
Miserable
,
for
whose
Comfort
and
Relief
he
spared
nothing
;
he
was
a
passionate
Lover
of
Justice
,
which
he
did
indifferently
distribute
to
all
Persons
;
he
was
Free
and
Sincere
,
easy
in
his
Conversation
,
willingly
hearing
what
was
the
Opinion
of
those
who
took
the
Liberty
to
differ
from
his
Sentiments
;
plain
and
mighty
Moderate
about
his
own
Person
,
tho
wonderful
Magnificent
in
all
other
things
;
Liberal
and
Bountiful
to
all
except
himself
:
and
that
which
infinitely
heightned
all
these
admirable
Qualities
,
he
was
so
Chast
,
that
he
never
bestowed
any
amorous
Glances
upon
any
other
Woman
besides
the
Empress
,
his
Wife
;
nor
would
he
suffer
any
Lewdness
or
Debauchery
among
his
Domesticks
,
or
permit
such
as
were
convicted
to
have
in
any
manner
violated
the
Laws
of
Chastity
,
to
remain
in
his
Court
.
This
is
the
true
Pourtraict
of
the
Emperor
Baldwin
,
who
was
the
first
of
the
Latins
who
held
the
Empire
of
Constantinople
,
which
had
been
so
gloriously
Conquered
by
the
Crusades
.
The
first
thing
which
he
did
,
that
so
he
might
inviolably
keep
and
observe
what
was
decreed
before
this
Election
,
was
to
cause
one
of
the
Venetian
Ecclesiasticks
to
be
chosen
Patriarch
;
this
was
Thomas
Moresini
,
whose
Election
,
tho
at
first
it
was
declared
null
and
contrary
to
the
Canons
by
Pope
Innocent
,
yet
at
the
Instance
of
the
Emperor
,
he
did
anew
create
him
Patriarch
;
and
then
it
was
that
the
Greek
Church
was
re-united
with
the
Latin
,
by
the
Obedience
which
it
rendred
to
the
Pope
,
as
Head
of
the
Universal
Church
,
from
which
it
had
been
so
long
separated
by
Schism
and
Heresie
.
After
this
,
there
was
a
Division
and
Distribution
made
of
the
Lands
and
Provinces
of
the
Empire
:
The
Marquis
Boniface
exchanged
the
Provinces
which
he
was
to
have
had
in
Asia
,
for
the
new
Kingdom
of
Thessaly
,
which
he
desired
,
that
so
he
might
be
nearer
his
Brother-in-Law
,
the
King
of
Hungary
.
The
Venetians
had
the
Isles
of
the
Archipelagus
,
and
a
great
part
of
Peloponnesus
,
or
Morea
,
with
many
Cities
upon
the
Coasts
of
the
Hellespont
,
and
Phrygia
,
together
with
the
Isle
of
Candia
,
which
they
purchased
of
the
Marquis
of
Montferrat
,
to
whom
it
had
been
given
by
the
young
Alexis
.
Bithynia
,
under
the
Title
of
a
Dutchy
,
fell
to
the
Share
of
the
Count
de
Blois
;
William
de
Champlite
of
Champagne
,
had
the
Principality
of
Achaia
and
Peloponnesus
,
which
he
Conquered
,
and
at
his
Death
left
to
Geoffry
de
Ville
Hardouin
,
Nephew
to
the
Mareshal
of
Champagne
,
who
had
also
for
his
Share
the
Province
of
Romania
.
There
were
also
several
other
Principalities
,
Lands
,
and
great
Cities
,
both
in
Europe
and
Asia
,
conferred
upon
the
most
considerable
Persons
in
the
Army
.
After
this
,
the
Emperor
taking
the
Field
,
before
the
Winter
,
reduced
all
the
Cities
of
Thracia
under
his
Obeysance
;
and
to
compleat
his
good
Fortune
,
the
old
Alexis
,
and
the
persidious
Murtzuphle
,
who
still
carried
themselves
as
Emperors
in
that
Province
,
fell
alive
into
his
victorious
Hands
,
and
received
Justice
according
to
their
Demerits
.
Murtzuphle
,
after
his
Flight
,
was
retired
into
a
City
of
Thracia
,
about
four
days
March
from
Constantinople
,
and
having
rallied
some
Troops
,
he
,
with
them
,
seized
upon
Tzurulum
,
at
this
day
called
Chiorli
,
between
the
imperial
City
and
Adrianople
;
But
when
he
perceived
that
all
Places
surrendred
themselves
to
Prince
Henry
,
year
1204
whom
the
Emperor
had
sent
before
,
with
the
Men
at
Armes
,
he
quitted
that
open
Country
,
and
retreated
to
Messinople
,
anciently
and
truly
called
Maximinianopolis
,
in
the
Province
of
Rhodope
,
where
the
old
Alexis
had
made
himself
be
acknowledged
as
Emperor
during
the
Siege
of
Constantinople
.
Murtzuphle
sent
to
him
,
to
offer
him
his
Troops
and
his
Service
against
the
common
Enemy
,
and
intreated
him
to
do
him
the
Honor
,
to
consider
him
,
and
receive
him
as
his
Son-in-Law
,
who
could
have
no
other
Interests
but
his
.
But
Alexis
,
whether
it
were
that
he
hated
him
because
he
was
more
wicked
than
himself
,
or
that
he
distrusted
him
,
or
that
he
was
resolved
to
revenge
the
Affront
and
Dishonor
that
had
been
done
by
him
to
his
Daughter
,
or
possibly
,
that
wholly
Miserable
as
he
was
himself
,
yet
he
could
not
indure
that
another
should
call
himself
Emperor
,
he
resolved
to
destroy
him
,
and
to
punish
his
Perfidy
by
another
Treason
.
For
as
the
Devils
in
the
other
World
are
the
Executioners
of
God's
Decrees
upon
the
Damned
;
so
the
Crimes
of
wicked
Men
in
this
Life
,
serve
his
Justice
,
in
the
punishing
of
those
Offences
which
other
wicked
Men
have
committed
.
This
dissembling
and
treacherous
old
Man
,
therefore
made
shew
of
receiving
these
Offers
of
his
Son-in-Law
,
with
all
the
Marks
of
Tenderness
and
Affection
which
he
could
have
wished
;
he
went
in
Person
to
Confer
with
him
,
they
imbraced
,
they
kissed
,
and
reciprocally
gave
to
each
other
their
Faith
,
protesting
that
they
would
hereafter
never
have
any
other
but
the
same
Interest
and
the
same
Heart
.
After
which
Murtzuphle
made
no
difficulty
intirely
to
trust
his
Father-in-Law
,
and
went
confidently
to
an
Entertainment
,
to
which
he
was
invited
by
him
;
but
as
he
was
conducted
into
a
Chamber
,
where
the
Trap
was
set
for
him
,
the
People
of
Alexis
,
who
were
in
Readiness
for
that
Purpose
,
fell
upon
him
,
and
overthrowing
him
,
they
immediately
pulled
his
Eyes
out
of
his
Head
.
Thus
divine
Justice
,
the
wise
Disposer
of
all
things
,
ordered
it
,
that
one
Tyrant
should
execute
upon
another
,
the
same
Cruelty
which
he
himself
had
,
about
nine
Years
before
,
advised
him
to
act
upon
his
own
Brother
,
the
Emperor
Isaac
.
Not
long
after
,
Alexis
understanding
that
Baldwin
,
to
whom
all
Thracia
submitted
,
was
coming
against
him
,
he
fled
into
Macedon
with
so
much
Precipitation
and
Disorder
,
that
some
of
the
Friends
of
Murtzuphle
,
all
whose
Troops
were
disbanded
,
found
the
Means
to
procure
his
Escape
:
But
after
he
had
for
some
time
wandred
in
Disguise
with
a
small
Attendance
,
intending
to
pass
the
Strait
of
the
Hellespont
,
to
save
himself
in
Asia
,
he
was
surprized
by
Thierri
de
Los
,
who
had
got
notice
of
him
,
and
carried
Prisoner
to
Constantinople
,
where
the
Emperor
would
have
him
proceeded
against
in
due
course
of
Law
.
He
was
therefore
accused
before
the
Princes
of
an
infinite
number
of
Crimes
,
and
above
all
,
of
being
guilty
of
the
most
detestable
Parricide
upon
the
Person
of
the
young
Emperor
Alexis
,
who
he
had
strangled
with
his
own
Hands
.
The
Fact
was
publickly
notorious
,
nor
could
he
deny
it
;
but
yet
he
had
the
audacious
Confidence
to
indeavour
to
justify
himself
,
by
maintaining
that
he
had
done
nothing
but
what
was
most
Just
,
and
what
was
approved
by
the
Greeks
,
and
even
the
Relations
of
Alexis
,
who
had
lost
his
Right
to
the
Empire
,
and
deserved
Death
for
having
betraied
his
Country
in
selling
it
to
Strangers
.
But
as
his
insolent
Answers
,
were
so
far
from
diminishing
his
Crime
,
that
they
rendred
him
more
Odious
,
so
he
was
condemned
to
a
Death
,
which
might
strike
a
Terror
into
all
those
who
were
the
Accomplices
or
Approvers
of
his
Parricide
.
For
this
Purpose
he
was
led
into
the
great
Square
,
called
that
of
the
Bull
,
in
the
middle
of
which
,
the
great
Theodosius
had
erected
a
marble
Column
of
extraordinary
Height
,
which
being
hollow
,
had
a
Staircase
within
,
by
which
they
might
go
to
the
Top
,
upon
which
that
Emperor
had
caused
his
Statue
in
Brass
,
upon
Horseback
,
to
be
placed
;
but
that
happening
to
be
thrown
down
by
an
Earthquake
in
the
Reign
of
Zeno
,
Anastatius
his
Successor
,
caused
his
to
be
set
up
in
the
Room
of
it
,
and
that
having
also
the
same
Fate
,
there
was
nothing
after
set
up
,
but
it
remained
as
a
little
Lodge
,
which
was
inhabited
by
a
new
Stylite
,
who
by
the
means
of
that
Retreat
injoyed
a
Solitude
in
the
midst
of
the
greatest
and
most
populous
City
in
the
World
.
It
was
to
the
Top
of
this
high
Column
that
the
Unfortunate
Murtzuphle
was
carried
,
and
in
the
view
of
the
whole
City
,
which
might
easily
see
it
from
all
parts
,
this
Square
of
the
Bull
being
one
of
the
most
eminent
of
the
seven
.
Hills
upon
which
Constantinople
stands
,
year
1204
he
was
thrown
down
headlong
,
and
dashed
in
pieces
.
Just
it
was
,
that
he
should
thus
die
by
this
fearful
manner
of
Death
,
that
from
thence
Posterity
may
learn
,
that
if
Ambition
sometimes
mounts
wicked
Men
to
the
Eminency
of
Fortune
,
by
Treasons
,
Poisonings
,
Murders
,
Parricides
,
and
all
manner
of
Crimes
,
which
she
never
spares
to
prompt
her
Followers
to
,
when
she
judges
them
for
her
Purpose
.
Yet
does
she
at
the
last
bring
them
,
when
at
the
top
of
this
Height
,
to
the
most
horrible
Precipice
,
from
whence
their
Fall
is
so
much
the
more
Fatal
,
by
how
much
they
fall
from
the
greater
Height
.
That
which
is
most
strange
in
this
terrible
Execution
,
is
,
that
among
other
Figures
which
were
carved
round
about
this
Column
,
there
was
to
be
seen
that
of
an
Emperor
thrown
down
in
that
very
manner
from
a
Column
,
which
the
People
took
for
a
Prophetick
Mark
of
the
Destiny
of
this
miserable
Prince
,
conformable
to
an
ancient
Oracle
,
which
ran
currant
by
Tradition
among
them
at
Constantinople
,
That
the
Ox
should
bellow
,
and
the
Bull
should
weep
.
It
is
true
,
that
the
Combats
and
the
Victories
of
the
great
Theodosius
,
were
represented
upon
this
Column
,
as
are
to
be
seen
at
this
day
at
Rome
,
those
of
Trajan
and
Antoninus
upon
the
two
famous
Columns
there
,
which
bear
their
Names
;
and
thus
it
is
possible
,
that
among
those
Figures
there
may
be
the
Representation
of
some
barbarous
Prince
falling
headlong
from
a
high
Tower
,
which
they
took
for
a
Prediction
of
this
Emperor's
Destiny
;
but
that
there
should
be
any
real
Prediction
,
either
in
this
Figure
,
or
in
the
Story
of
the
Bull
's
weeping
,
to
forebode
the
Death
of
Murtzuphle
,
is
what
I
cannot
easily
believe
.
For
in
short
,
these
sort
of
Prophecys
,
of
which
there
are
numerous
Examples
,
are
so
obscure
,
that
they
either
signify
nothing
at
all
,
or
all
that
one
would
have
them
signify
;
and
that
commonly
they
are
taken
in
a
Sense
far
different
,
from
that
,
wherein
by
the
Event
they
explain
themselves
.
Witness
that
Prediction
which
they
had
,
and
upon
which
the
Greeks
so
much
relied
,
that
the
Latins
should
never
take
Constantinople
by
Force
,
because
the
Prophecy
told
them
that
the
City
should
never
be
taken
but
by
an
Angel
.
But
the
foolish
Greeks
were
mightily
mistaken
in
their
Interpretation
,
as
the
Event
shewed
,
there
being
the
Picture
of
an
Angel
in
the
very
place
where
the
City
was
forced
.
And
this
ought
to
teach
Christians
,
not
to
amuse
themselves
with
these
Predictions
,
which
are
not
at
all
authorised
by
the
Holy
Scripture
,
or
the
Church
;
and
ordinarily
those
over
curious
Persons
,
in
their
own
Sottishness
and
Credulity
find
their
own
Punishment
,
the
Event
deceiving
them
,
by
proving
contrary
to
their
Hopes
and
Expectation
,
which
are
cheated
by
the
Ambiguous
Riddles
,
such
as
were
formerly
the
Oracles
of
the
Pagans
.
This
was
the
tragical
End
of
one
of
the
Tyrants
;
as
for
the
other
,
the
old
Alexis
,
it
is
true
indeed
,
that
his
was
not
altogether
so
sad
,
but
altogether
as
unhappy
.
For
having
for
some
time
followed
Leon
Scurus
,
one
of
his
Sons-in-Law
,
who
pretended
to
oppose
the
Progress
of
Marquis
Boniface
in
Macedon
and
Greece
,
when
he
saw
that
all
things
stooped
under
the
Arms
of
this
Victorious
Prince
,
he
despaired
of
being
able
to
save
himself
;
to
prevent
his
being
taken
therefore
he
voluntarily
yeilded
himself
and
the
Empress
Euphrosine
,
with
the
imperial
Ornaments
,
to
the
Marquis
,
who
instantly
sent
them
to
the
Emperor
.
After
which
,
the
poor
Alexis
only
desiring
wherewith
to
pass
the
rest
of
his
miserable
Age
in
some
sort
of
Repose
,
there
were
some
Lands
assigned
him
for
that
purpose
,
but
it
being
found
out
that
he
fell
to
his
old
trade
of
secret
Caballing
,
the
Marquis
,
to
take
from
him
the
means
of
doing
Mischief
,
since
he
could
not
cure
him
of
the
Will
to
do
it
,
sent
him
Prisoner
to
Montferrat
:
Some
say
that
he
found
Means
to
escape
from
thence
,
and
to
pass
over
into
Asia
,
to
his
other
Son-in-Law
Lascaris
,
who
had
seized
upon
Nice
,
and
against
whom
,
this
perfidious
Dotard
stirred
up
the
Turks
,
so
that
he
was
forced
to
take
him
and
clap
him
into
a
Monastery
,
where
he
had
time
to
finish
his
Life
in
Repentance
.
Thus
the
Empire
of
Constantinople
,
about
nine
hundred
Years
after
its
Establishment
under
the
great
Constantine
,
was
translated
from
the
Greeks
to
the
French
,
by
the
strangest
and
most
memorable
Conquest
that
ever
was
made
by
so
small
a
Force
,
and
in
so
little
a
time
,
being
undertaken
and
accomplished
in
one
Campagne
.
year
1204
This
may
disabuse
those
who
have
imagined
that
the
Crusade
was
not
prosperous
;
and
certainly
four
great
Estates
established
for
the
Christians
between
the
Sea
and
the
River
Tygris
,
Egypt
and
Armenia
,
and
all
the
Eastern
Empire
reduced
under
the
Power
of
the
Crusades
,
are
Conquests
worthy
the
Fortune
and
the
Glory
of
the
Caesars
and
the
Alexanders
.
And
if
those
who
succeeded
them
failed
of
that
good
Fortune
,
or
the
Conduct
to
preserve
them
,
it
is
not
to
be
attribute
to
them
,
who
did
so
gloriously
accomplish
these
noble
Enterprises
.
But
as
the
Matters
which
happened
afterwards
,
under
the
French
Emperors
of
Constantinople
,
are
not
at
all
related
to
the
Crusade
,
it
is
not
requisite
that
I
speak
further
of
them
,
but
proceed
regularly
to
pursue
the
Course
of
my
History
,
and
to
describe
the
Success
of
those
who
took
the
other
Way
,
and
followed
other
Designs
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
CRUSADE
,
OR
,
The
Expeditions
of
the
Christian
Princes
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
.
PART
III.
BOOK
III.
The
CONTENTS
of
the
Third
Book
.
The
unfortunate
Success
of
those
who
abandoned
the
Confederates
to
pass
into
Syria
.
The
Care
of
the
Pope
for
Constantinople
,
who
sends
Doctors
from
Paris
to
reduce
the
Schismaticks
.
The
Death
of
Mary
the
Empress
,
Wife
of
Baldwin
.
The
Death
of
Isabella
Queen
of
Jerusalem
.
The
Princess
Mary
her
Daughter
succeeds
in
the
Realm
,
and
Marries
Count
John
de
Brienne
.
The
Relation
how
that
Prince
and
Count
Gautier
his
Brother
conquered
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
.
The
Exploits
of
King
John
de
Brienne
.
The
Pope
procures
him
Aid
.
A
piteous
Adventure
of
some
young
Men
,
who
by
a
strange
Illusion
took
upon
them
the
Cross
.
The
Design
of
Pope
Innocent
to
procure
a
general
Crusade
,
favoured
by
the
Victory
of
Philip
the
August
against
the
Emperor
Otho
.
The
Battle
of
Bovines
.
The
Relation
of
the
Council
of
Lateran
,
where
the
Crusade
is
Decreed
.
The
Pope
himself
Preacheth
it
.
His
Death
in
that
Holy
Exercise
.
A
Fable
concerning
his
Purgatory
.
The
Election
of
Pope
Honorius
III
of
that
Name
.
His
Zeal
and
Industry
to
promote
the
Crusade
.
Andrew
King
of
Hungary
the
Head
thereof
.
The
Princes
that
Accompanied
him
,
and
their
Voyage
.
Their
Conjunction
with
King
John
de
Brienne
.
Their
Expedition
against
Coradin
.
The
Description
of
Thabor
,
and
the
Relation
of
the
Siege
of
that
Fortress
,
which
had
been
built
there
by
Coradin
.
The
Return
of
the
King
into
Hungary
.
The
Arrival
of
the
Northern
Fleet
of
the
Crusades
,
under
the
Earl
of
Holland
.
The
Relation
of
their
Adventures
and
Exploits
against
the
Moors
in
Portugal
.
The
Siege
and
Battle
of
Alcazar
.
The
Victory
of
the
Crusades
.
Their
Voyage
to
Ptolemais
.
The
Reasons
of
the
Resolution
which
they
took
to
attack
Egypt
.
The
Description
of
Damiata
.
The
Account
of
that
memorable
Siege
,
which
lasted
eighteen
Months
.
The
Attack
and
taking
of
the
Tower
of
Pharus
.
A
Description
of
certain
Engines
of
a
new
Invention
.
The
Death
of
Saphadin
upon
the
News
of
the
taking
of
that
Place
.
His
Elogy
and
Character
.
Meledin
succeeds
him
.
An
Error
of
the
Christians
after
the
taking
of
Pharus
.
Cardinal
Albano
arrives
with
a
potent
Reinforcement
to
the
Crusades
.
The
Division
between
the
King
and
the
Legate
,
and
the
Cause
of
it
.
An
heroick
Action
of
certain
Soldiers
,
who
break
the
Enemies
Bridge
.
The
Army
passeth
the
Nile
.
Sultan
Meledin
flies
.
The
City
Besieged
by
Land
.
Two
great
Armies
of
Sarasins
besiege
the
Camp
.
They
attack
the
Lines
and
force
them
.
A
great
Combat
within
the
Lines
.
The
Enemy
at
last
repulsed
.
The
Arrival
of
St.
Francis
before
Damiata
.
His
Conference
with
the
Sultan
.
The
Battle
without
the
Lines
lost
by
the
Crusades
.
An
advantageous
Peace
offered
to
the
Christians
by
the
Sultan
.
The
Reasons
for
and
against
it
.
It
is
at
last
rejected
by
the
Legate
.
Damiata
taken
by
Night
.
year
1204
WHilest
the
Confederate
Princes
,
did
with
so
much
Glory
and
good
Fortune
conquer
a
whole
Empire
;
those
who
had
separated
from
them
,
to
go
directly
into
Palestine
,
or
who
had
taken
other
ways
to
put
themselves
under
other
Commanders
,
met
with
all
manner
of
ill
Success
;
and
were
so
far
from
supporting
that
tottering
State
,
that
in
conclusion
,
they
did
nothing
but
weaken
the
poor
remainders
of
the
Christian
Power
in
the
Holy
Land
.
The
Truce
which
had
for
some
time
continued
between
them
and
the
Sarasins
,
having
been
broaken
by
one
of
the
Admirals
of
Egypt
,
and
no
sort
of
Satisfaction
to
be
obtained
for
it
,
the
War
broke
out
more
furiously
than
before
,
between
King
Emeri
,
and
Coradin
the
Son
of
Saphadin
,
who
was
as
great
a
Captain
as
his
Father
:
By
Saphadin's
Orders
therefore
,
he
immediately
advanced
with
a
powerful
Army
,
and
incamped
within
a
League
of
Ptolemais
.
Now
John
de
Nele
,
who
commanded
the
great
Fleet
which
had
been
equipped
in
Flanders
,
and
who
staid
at
Marseilles
to
Winter
,
having
heard
this
News
,
made
hast
from
thence
,
and
whereas
he
should
have
joyned
the
Princes
who
besieged
Constantinople
,
as
Count
Baldwin
had
ordered
him
,
he
sailed
directly
for
Ptolemais
,
where
he
landed
,
having
more
Soldiers
aboard
his
Fleet
,
than
there
was
in
the
whole
Army
of
the
Consederate
Princes
:
So
that
with
those
who
were
already
passed
by
the
Ports
of
Brindes
and
Otranto
,
under
Simon
de
Montfort
,
Renard
de
Dampierre
,
and
the
other
Lords
who
had
quitted
the
Confederates
before
they
left
Venice
,
together
with
that
great
Multitude
of
Bretons
who
followed
the
Monk
Herloin
thither
,
there
were
more
Forces
than
might
have
chased
the
Infidels
out
of
Palestine
.
But
there
happened
so
many
ill
Accidents
to
them
,
as
ruined
all
their
Designs
;
for
the
Plague
,
which
began
a
little
before
in
Ptolemais
,
raged
so
furiously
among
these
new
Comers
,
that
it
is
reported
,
there
died
in
that
City
at
one
time
,
above
two
thousand
Persons
in
an
Hour
;
so
that
almost
one
half
of
them
perished
of
that
terrible
Disease
,
and
the
remainder
to
avoid
that
Danger
,
year
1204
instantly
re-imbarking
,
failed
back
again
to
Europe
.
There
was
also
a
fearful
Dissention
between
the
Christians
themselves
and
the
Crusades
,
occasioned
by
a
War
betwixt
Livon
King
of
Armenia
,
and
Bohemond
Earl
of
Tripolis
,
and
Prince
of
Antioch
,
for
the
Principality
of
that
State
;
and
as
many
great
Lords
,
and
among
others
Renard
de
Dampierre
,
with
whom
Theobald
Count
de
Champagne
,
at
his
Death
had
intrusted
his
Troops
,
took
the
Part
of
Bohemond
,
and
marched
to
his
Assistance
,
they
were
surprized
by
the
Sultan
of
Alepo
,
who
defeated
them
so
intirely
,
that
there
was
scarce
one
who
escaped
either
being
taken
or
flain
.
Villaine
de
Nevilly
,
one
of
the
most
valiant
Men
of
his
time
,
was
there
unfortunately
slain
;
and
his
Bother
William
de
Nevilly
,
Bernard
de
Montmirail
,
and
John
de
Villiers
,
were
taken
,
as
Renard
de
Dampierre
,
General
of
the
Champenois
,
who
was
led
to
Alepo
,
where
he
remained
a
Prisoner
for
thirty
Years
;
as
for
the
poor
Bretons
,
they
having
only
the
Monk
to
lead
them
,
and
he
knowing
better
how
to
persuade
them
to
take
Arms
,
than
how
to
manage
them
;
they
,
like
those
who
followed
Peter
the
Hermite
,
were
quickly
dispersed
,
and
neither
knowing
what
they
had
to
do
,
nor
how
to
do
it
,
they
perished
either
by
the
Plague
,
or
Famine
,
or
the
Swords
of
the
Infidels
;
and
the
poor
remainders
of
that
great
number
,
did
not
,
without
great
Difficulty
,
at
last
regain
their
Country
of
Bretany
,
without
having
done
any
thing
worthy
of
the
great
Zeal
and
Courage
,
which
carried
them
out
of
it
.
But
it
hath
been
an
old
Observation
,
that
Lions
,
with
a
timerous
Stagg
for
their
Captain
,
will
all
prove
Harts
,
and
that
even
fearful
Deer
,
when
led
by
a
Lion
,
will
do
like
Lions
.
But
in
short
,
there
was
not
one
of
those
who
separated
from
the
Army
of
the
Confederates
,
to
go
without
them
into
the
Holy
Land
,
who
had
not
sufficient
Reason
of
Repentance
,
either
for
the
Disgrace
,
or
the
Damage
which
he
suffered
.
Even
Simon
de
Momfort
,
who
before
this
had
done
so
many
Wonders
in
the
War
against
the
Albigenses
,
was
forced
to
return
into
France
,
without
bringing
home
with
him
from
the
Voyage
,
any
thing
except
the
Trouble
to
have
done
nothing
.
So
dangerous
it
is
to
quit
the
main
Body
to
which
one
is
related
,
and
from
which
no
better
Fortune
is
to
be
expected
,
but
like
a
Branch
cut
from
the
Stem
of
a
Tree
,
to
be
blasted
and
withered
.
In
this
miserable
Estate
were
the
Christians
in
the
East
,
and
almost
reduced
to
the
utmost
Dispair
,
when
they
received
the
News
of
the
taking
of
Constantinople
by
the
Confederate
Princes
,
of
whom
,
even
those
,
who
had
abandoned
them
,
were
constrained
to
demand
Help
from
those
to
whom
they
had
before
denied
theirs
,
tho
it
was
not
to
be
expected
,
that
so
small
a
Number
,
ingaged
in
so
great
an
Enterprise
,
as
the
settling
of
their
new
Conquests
,
and
inlarging
them
,
could
,
for
the
present
,
be
able
to
afford
them
.
It
is
impossible
however
to
express
the
Joy
which
this
News
gave
the
Christians
of
Palestine
,
who
now
,
did
not
question
in
the
least
,
but
the
Way
was
opened
for
the
most
short
and
certain
Deliverance
of
the
Holy
Land
,
from
the
Oppression
of
the
barbarous
Infidels
.
But
in
regard
of
the
Fear
they
were
in
of
losing
all
,
after
so
many
Misfortunes
,
as
one
upon
the
Neck
of
another
had
fallen
upon
them
,
King
Emeri
had
before
made
a
most
disadvantageous
Truce
with
the
Infidels
,
for
six
Years
;
whereupon
all
the
Crusades
who
were
in
Palestine
,
went
to
wait
upon
the
new
Emperor
at
Constantinople
.
The
Legate
himself
,
Peter
de
Capua
,
Cardinal
of
St.
Marcellus
,
being
sent
for
thither
by
Baldwin
,
to
regulate
the
Affairs
of
the
Church
,
sailed
thither
,
and
was
followed
by
his
Collegue
,
the
Cardinal
of
St.
Praxede
,
and
such
a
multitude
of
the
Oriental
Christians
,
of
all
Conditions
,
that
the
King
was
,
almost
,
left
quite
alone
,
without
any
Forces
considerable
enough
to
oppose
the
Infidels
,
if
they
should
attempt
to
break
the
Truce
,
as
they
quickly
after
did
.
The
Pope
was
hereupon
mightily
afraid
,
and
extremely
troubled
,
that
his
Legats
should
also
without
his
Order
,
abandon
the
Holy
Land
.
But
the
Providence
of
God
averted
this
threatned
Misfortune
,
by
a
War
,
which
presently
broke
out
among
the
Sarasins
,
one
against
another
;
and
the
Pope
comforted
himself
with
the
Conquest
of
Constantinople
,
which
was
altogether
so
unexpected
to
him
.
He
now
no
longer
condemned
this
Enterprise
of
the
Crusades
,
as
he
had
done
formerly
,
the
fortunate
Success
thereof
fully
justifying
the
Undertaking
;
And
besides
,
year
1204
he
now
was
convinced
,
that
nothing
could
have
been
done
more
profitable
and
advantageous
,
either
for
the
Glory
of
God
,
in
the
Good
of
the
universal
Church
;
or
,
in
particular
,
for
the
Deliverance
of
the
Holy
Land
.
And
for
this
purpose
,
that
such
a
Conquest
might
be
preserved
,
whereupon
that
of
Palestine
depended
,
he
writ
his
Circular
Letters
to
all
the
Archbishops
of
France
,
and
their
Suffragans
,
by
which
he
exhorted
and
commanded
them
to
persuade
the
French
to
take
Arms
,
and
march
to
the
Assistance
of
their
Brethren
at
Constantinople
:
And
,
above
all
,
he
desired
that
they
would
send
some
zealous
,
learned
Men
,
furnished
with
Books
,
to
labour
in
the
Conversion
of
the
Greeks
.
The
University
of
Paris
,
which
Philip
the
August
had
taken
such
care
of
,
that
it
might
flourish
in
all
manner
of
Learning
and
Knowledge
,
was
then
in
high
Reputation
throughout
the
World
;
and
this
wise
Pope
,
who
had
himself
been
sometimes
a
Member
of
that
great
Body
,
writ
to
them
upon
this
Subject
with
so
much
force
,
that
many
Doctors
and
Batchellors
,
persuaded
by
his
Reasons
,
and
inflamed
with
a
Zeal
truly
Apostolical
,
went
to
propagate
the
Light
of
Truth
,
and
the
Orthodox
Doctrine
in
the
Greek
Empire
,
which
had
been
obscured
by
many
Errours
of
the
Schism
.
Thus
the
Divine
Providence
,
which
,
with
infinite
Wisdom
,
takes
care
of
all
things
,
so
disposed
Matters
,
that
,
upon
this
Occasion
,
it
seemed
to
make
a
Retalliation
,
by
ordering
that
Paris
should
render
the
same
Service
to
Greece
,
which
Greece
had
sometime
bestowed
upon
France
,
by
sending
thither
St.
Denis
,
to
be
an
Apostle
for
that
Country
.
The
Pope
also
,
at
that
time
,
did
not
fail
to
write
to
the
victorious
Army
,
which
had
so
gloriously
executed
that
marvellous
Enterprise
,
to
oblige
them
to
stay
another
Year
in
that
Empire
,
to
assure
those
Conquests
,
provided
that
,
by
the
Infidels
breaking
of
the
Truce
,
there
was
not
an
absolute
necessity
that
they
should
speedily
repair
to
Palestine
,
to
succour
the
Christians
there
,
against
the
Barbarians
.
But
whilst
the
Pope
laboured
with
so
much
diligence
for
the
Good
of
Christendom
in
the
East
,
there
happened
in
the
Holy
Land
two
deplorable
Accidents
,
which
very
much
disturbed
the
Joy
of
that
happy
Success
of
the
Arms
of
the
Confederates
.
The
first
was
,
the
Death
of
the
Countess
Mary
,
Sister
of
the
deceased
Count
de
Champagne
,
Niece
to
Philip
the
August
,
and
Wife
to
Baldwin
Earl
of
Flanders
,
who
had
so
generously
taken
up
the
Cross
with
her
Husband
,
resolving
to
run
the
same
Fortunes
with
him
;
but
being
big
with
Child
,
she
was
not
at
that
time
in
a
Condition
to
go
along
with
him
;
and
therefore
,
after
she
had
lain
in
,
she
imbarked
upon
the
Fleet
which
was
commanded
by
John
de
Nele
.
She
had
not
been
long
at
Ptolemais
,
where
she
landed
in
expectation
of
her
Husband
,
Count
Baldwin
,
before
she
received
the
News
,
that
,
after
the
Taking
of
Constantinople
,
he
was
elevated
to
the
Imperial
Throne
.
The
Joy
which
this
News
occasioned
,
made
such
a
violent
Impression
upon
her
Body
,
extreamly
infeebled
with
the
Fatigues
of
so
long
a
Voyage
,
that
not
being
able
to
surmount
it
,
she
died
of
the
two
Excesses
of
Joy
and
Weakness
.
So
that
the
Ships
which
were
sent
by
the
Emperor
,
to
conduct
her
with
Pomp
to
Constantinople
,
to
receive
the
Crown
Imperial
with
her
dearest
Husband
,
transported
her
Body
only
thither
,
to
be
,
as
it
was
,
with
the
most
magnificent
Ceremonies
,
usual
upon
such
sad
Occasions
,
interred
in
the
Church
of
Sancta
Sophia
.
year
1205
This
sad
Accident
was
presently
succeeded
by
another
,
which
brought
a
great
Change
in
the
Affairs
of
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
:
For
King
Emeri
de
Lusignan
dying
in
the
City
of
Acre
,
and
the
little
Emeri
,
his
Son
,
not
long
surviving
him
,
Isabella
,
his
Mother
,
the
Wife
of
Emeri
,
at
the
same
time
also
following
them
to
the
Tomb
,
the
Crown
,
by
Right
of
Succession
,
descended
to
the
Princess
Mary
,
her
eldest
Daughter
,
who
was
usually
called
the
Marchioness
,
because
she
was
born
to
her
of
the
famous
Marquis
de
Montferrat
,
Prince
of
Tyre
,
her
second
Husband
.
Hereupon
the
Estates
being
assembled
,
to
provide
a
Husband
for
the
young
Queen
,
who
might
be
able
to
act
and
govern
the
Realm
,
in
a
time
wherein
there
was
such
need
of
a
King
of
great
Abilities
,
to
supply
the
defect
of
Forces
which
remained
in
the
Realm
,
after
so
many
Disasters
:
But
the
Jealousie
and
Ambition
of
so
many
Great
Men
of
the
same
Realm
,
not
permitting
them
to
agree
in
an
Election
of
one
of
their
own
number
,
they
being
all
Rivals
,
and
resolved
not
to
give
place
one
to
another
,
at
last
,
year
1205
after
they
had
a
long
time
debated
this
tender
and
important
Point
,
they
resolved
,
that
so
they
might
steer
an
even
Course
betwixt
the
Natives
and
Strangers
,
year
1206
since
they
could
not
possibly
please
them
both
,
year
1207
that
they
would
not
take
one
of
the
Natives
of
the
Country
,
but
that
they
would
send
into
France
,
from
whence
the
first
Kings
of
Jerusalem
came
,
and
into
no
other
Country
,
and
from
thence
desire
one
of
Philip
the
August
;
and
thereupon
they
dispatched
the
Bishop
of
Ptolemais
,
and
the
Lord
of
Cesarea
,
as
their
Ambassadors
,
year
1208
to
receive
from
the
hands
of
that
great
King
,
some
Prince
or
Lord
of
France
,
upon
whom
,
together
with
the
young
Queen
,
they
might
confer
the
Crown
of
Jerusalem
.
There
was
,
no
question
,
something
very
surprizing
and
unaccountable
in
the
Conduct
of
Philip
in
this
Encounter
;
for
there
were
in
France
many
great
Princes
and
Lords
of
very
high
Quality
,
upon
whom
he
might
have
cast
his
Eyes
;
yet
,
nevertheless
,
whether
their
illustrious
Merit
,
his
own
particular
Inclination
,
or
some
unknown
politick
Reasons
governed
him
in
his
Choice
,
two
several
times
successively
,
he
chose
,
it
is
true
,
out
of
a
very
Noble
House
,
though
something
inferiour
in
Quality
to
many
others
,
two
Brothers
,
whom
upon
two
Occasions
he
preferred
in
the
Disposal
of
two
Crowns
:
They
were
Gautier
II.
Count
de
Brienne
in
Champagne
;
and
his
Brother
John
de
Brienne
,
the
Son
of
Erard
II.
Count
de
Brienne
,
and
Agnes
de
Montheliard
.
He
married
Gautier
to
Alberia
,
eldest
Daughter
of
Tancred
King
of
Sicily
,
who
,
with
her
Mother
Sybilla
,
escaping
out
of
the
Prison
,
wherein
they
had
been
kept
by
the
Emperor
Henry
IV.
in
Germany
,
had
fled
for
Refuge
into
France
.
This
valiant
Man
,
accompanied
with
no
more
than
threescore
Knights
,
and
forty
Esquires
of
the
Crusades
,
who
resolved
to
follow
his
Fortune
,
instead
of
going
to
Venice
with
the
Princes
,
had
the
Confidence
to
pursue
the
Rights
of
his
Wife
,
and
re-conquer
a
Kingdom
,
without
any
other
Fond
than
twenty
thousand
Livres
,
which
he
received
from
King
Philip
,
and
five
hundred
Ounces
of
Gold
which
he
had
from
the
Pope
,
which
would
raise
but
a
very
inconsiderable
number
of
Troops
,
but
notwithstanding
this
,
with
his
few
Men
,
he
acted
with
so
much
Courage
and
Conduct
,
that
after
having
defeated
the
Emperor's
Lieutenants
in
several
Encounters
,
he
made
himself
Master
of
Pavia
,
Calabria
,
Capua
,
and
even
Naples
it self
,
and
,
in
a
manner
,
the
whole
Realm
,
the
Germans
not
daring
to
appear
in
the
Field
.
But
after
so
many
Victories
,
as
he
besieged
their
General
Diepold
in
a
certain
Castle
to
which
he
had
driven
him
,
the
Contempt
which
he
had
of
his
Enemies
was
the
occasion
of
his
falling
into
their
Hands
;
for
in
the
Night
the
General
surprized
him
in
his
Tent
,
and
carried
him
Prisoner
to
the
Castle
,
all
covered
in
Blood
,
where
he
shortly
after
died
,
more
of
Grief
than
of
his
Wounds
;
so
much
nearer
than
their
Swords
had
done
did
the
Trouble
and
Affliction
go
to
his
heart
,
to
see
himself
in
the
power
of
those
whom
he
had
so
despised
;
complaining
that
he
had
so
ill
guarded
himself
against
the
Cowardly
Germans
,
who
,
he
said
,
by
Day-light
,
though
in
compleat
Armour
,
durst
not
venture
to
attack
the
French
stark
naked
,
and
unarmed
.
Thus
,
by
his
Presumption
,
he
lost
that
in
a
Moment
,
which
,
by
his
Valour
and
great
Abilities
,
he
had
acquired
by
abundance
of
gallant
Actions
,
which
he
had
performed
in
four
Years
before
.
As
for
his
Brother
,
John
de
Brienne
,
who
,
among
all
the
great
Lords
of
France
,
was
chosen
by
King
Philip
the
August
,
to
marry
the
young
Queen
of
Jerusalem
;
he
received
that
Honour
with
all
the
marks
of
a
profound
Acknowledgment
,
and
promised
the
Ambassadors
,
before
their
Parting
,
that
he
would
,
with
all
the
Forces
he
could
raise
,
come
for
Palestine
before
the
Expiration
of
the
Truce
.
Now
Saphadin
,
who
apprehended
there
would
be
a
new
Crusade
,
to
accompany
this
King
,
who
was
sent
for
from
France
,
offered
the
Christians
to
prolong
the
Truce
;
but
the
Templers
rejecting
his
Proposition
,
the
War
was
broke
out
afresh
when
John
de
Brienne
arrived
there
,
which
was
the
3d
of
September
,
in
the
Year
1210.
year
1210
And
whereas
Saphadin
believed
that
this
new
King
would
bring
a
great
Army
with
him
,
he
found
that
he
had
only
brought
a
few
Troops
,
together
with
about
three
hundred
Knights
,
who
had
imbarked
with
him
at
Marseilles
,
to
serve
at
their
own
Charges
against
the
Infidels
:
For
the
Troubles
of
Germany
and
Italy
,
by
occasion
of
the
new
Schism
in
the
Empire
,
and
the
War
which
was
breaking
out
between
Philip
the
August
,
year
1210
and
the
Emperor
Otho
,
who
was
excommunicated
by
the
Pope
;
together
with
the
famous
Crusade
which
then
began
to
be
set
on
foot
in
France
,
against
the
Albigenses
,
hindred
the
raising
of
one
to
accompany
King
John
de
Brienne
into
the
Holy
Land
.
So
that
he
was
able
to
raise
no
greater
Fond
of
Mony
than
forty
thousand
Livres
,
which
he
had
from
the
French
King
;
and
as
many
more
which
the
Pope
procured
him
from
the
Romans
,
upon
his
Estate
,
the
Earldom
of
Brienne
,
which
he
was
forced
to
mortgage
for
it
.
He
did
not
,
however
,
fail
,
with
his
small
Power
,
to
do
all
that
could
be
expected
from
a
Prince
equally
wise
and
valiant
;
for
,
presently
after
his
Coronation
,
which
was
celebrated
at
Tyre
,
he
took
the
Field
;
and
entring
upon
the
Territories
of
the
Infidels
,
he
took
divers
places
from
them
,
and
returned
without
Loss
,
bringing
a
considerable
Booty
from
them
to
Ptolemais
.
But
so
soon
as
the
Sarasins
understood
what
a
small
number
of
Men
he
had
brought
with
him
out
of
Europe
,
they
joyned
all
their
Forces
,
and
came
to
encamp
about
that
City
with
a
mighty
Army
,
commanded
by
Coradin
;
so
that
the
Christians
durst
not
stir
out
,
but
were
in
a
manner
besieged
;
especially
after
the
Sultan
had
seized
upon
all
the
neighbouring
Places
,
principally
the
Mountain
of
Thabor
,
upon
which
he
built
a
Fortress
,
from
whence
they
made
continual
Incursions
,
year
1211
even
to
the
very
Gates
of
Ptolemais
.
Hereupon
the
Knights
,
and
Persons
of
Quality
,
who
came
along
with
the
King
,
seeing
they
were
too
weak
to
sally
and
sight
their
Enemies
in
the
plain
Field
,
and
being
unable
to
suffer
themselves
to
be
lock'd
in
the
City
,
without
doing
any
thing
,
they
returned
,
before
the
Winter
,
into
France
;
so
that
this
poor
Prince
remained
almost
all
alone
,
in
danger
to
have
taken
Possession
of
a
Kingdom
,
only
to
have
the
Displeasure
and
the
Shame
to
see
himself
driven
out
of
it
,
unless
he
received
some
seasonable
Assistance
.
year
1212
This
News
gave
a
mighty
trouble
to
the
Pope
,
who
now
began
to
apprehend
that
his
principal
Design
,
which
was
the
Relief
of
the
Holy
Land
,
would
be
wholly
ruined
by
being
so
long
delayed
;
he
resolved
therefore
,
after
the
Example
of
Pope
Vrban
II.
the
first
Author
of
the
Crusades
,
to
employ
his
utmost
power
to
procure
one
by
calling
a
General
Council
,
that
thereby
he
might
engage
all
the
Christian
States
and
Kingdoms
in
it
.
But
in
regard
,
that
,
considering
the
present
posture
of
Affairs
in
Europe
,
year
1213
this
great
Assembly
could
not
be
so
soon
held
;
and
that
besides
,
the
pressing
Evil
required
a
more
speedy
Remedy
,
he
writ
his
Circular
Letters
to
all
faithful
People
,
to
excite
them
to
march
with
all
possible
haste
to
the
Relief
of
their
oppressed
Brethren
in
Palestine
:
And
after
having
renewed
the
Prohibitions
which
he
had
so
often
made
before
,
That
,
upon
pain
of
Excommunication
,
none
should
presume
to
sell
any
Merchandise
,
more
especially
any
Arms
,
to
the
Sarasins
,
he
commanded
certain
Prayers
,
with
Fasting
and
Alms
,
to
be
used
in
the
Church
,
for
the
imploring
the
Mercy
and
Pity
of
God
,
and
his
Blessing
upon
the
Council
which
was
to
be
held
for
the
taking
care
of
the
Necessities
of
the
Church
,
and
,
above
all
other
things
,
the
Relief
of
the
Holy
Land
.
He
also
resolved
to
try
other
Ways
,
since
he
saw
those
which
had
before
been
made
use
of
,
did
not
prosper
,
and
addressed
himself
to
Saphadin
,
Sultan
of
Babylon
and
Damascus
,
who
was
now
become
almost
as
potent
as
his
Brother
,
the
great
Saladin
,
had
been
,
who
took
Jerusalem
.
He
writ
to
him
,
to
exhort
him
to
restore
that
holy
City
to
the
Christians
,
which
,
besides
that
of
it self
it
brought
no
considerable
Advantage
to
him
,
put
him
to
vast
Expences
,
to
be
always
in
a
Condition
to
resist
the
whole
Powers
of
Christendom
,
who
would
eternally
arm
themselves
to
take
it
from
him
.
He
remonstrated
to
him
,
That
it
was
much
better
for
him
,
as
a
wise
Politician
,
freely
,
and
by
Reason
,
to
do
that
which
he
must
one
day
be
constrained
to
do
,
whether
he
would
or
not
,
with
the
loss
of
his
Honour
,
and
possibly
,
all
that
he
might
,
upon
the
Surrender
of
that
City
,
quietly
and
peaceably
be
permitted
to
possess
in
the
East
.
That
it
was
impossible
but
he
must
,
at
last
,
fall
under
those
Arms
,
whose
invincible
Force
he
was
sufficiently
sensible
of
already
,
and
whose
Courage
and
Valour
were
above
all
fear
of
Danger
.
That
they
esteemed
it
not
only
a
point
of
Honour
,
but
of
Religion
,
to
re-conquer
that
holy
City
,
which
their
Ancestors
had
taken
by
Force
,
with
not
above
twenty
thousand
Men
,
from
forty
thousand
Defendants
,
and
in
the
very
sight
of
an
Army
incomparably
greater
than
theirs
.
That
in
restoring
to
the
Christians
that
City
,
which
he
could
not
long
defend
against
them
,
he
would
thereby
assure
himself
of
the
rest
of
his
Dominions
by
the
Peace
which
was
offered
him
,
upon
Condition
that
the
Prisoners
on
both
sides
should
be
set
at
liberty
.
year
1213
But
these
Letters
of
the
Pope
produced
not
those
Effects
which
he
hoped
,
and
promised
himself
;
for
Saphadin
,
who
had
so
frequently
combated
against
the
Christians
,
knew
by
Experience
that
the
Crusades
would
overthrow
themselves
,
if
the
fury
of
their
first
Efforts
were
but
prevented
;
and
,
above
all
,
having
the
Courage
,
the
good
Fortune
,
and
the
Success
of
Saladin
,
he
was
not
much
moved
by
the
Remonstrances
of
Innocent
,
for
whom
he
had
no
great
Consideration
.
And
for
the
other
Letters
which
the
Pope
writ
to
all
Christian
People
,
they
came
to
nothing
at
last
,
but
to
raise
those
great
Disorders
which
had
happened
in
the
former
Crusades
:
For
it
happened
by
a
strange
Illusion
,
or
rather
,
a
kind
of
Frensy
,
which
,
like
a
Plague
,
spread
it self
over
all
France
and
Germany
,
the
Youths
of
all
sorts
of
Conditions
,
taking
a
strong
Impression
in
their
Minds
that
God
would
make
use
of
their
Hands
,
to
deliver
the
Holy
Sepulchre
out
of
the
Hands
of
the
Sarasins
;
and
that
he
commanded
them
to
go
to
Jerusalem
,
to
atchieve
that
high
Enterprise
,
they
assembled
to
the
number
of
thirty
thousand
in
France
,
and
twenty
thousand
in
Germany
,
who
took
upon
them
the
Cross
.
There
were
many
Monks
and
Priests
,
who
undertook
to
justifie
this
Folly
by
another
which
was
greater
;
and
,
as
if
God
had
commanded
it
,
put
themselves
at
the
Head
of
these
Boys
,
and
other
Vagabonds
,
who
maliciously
followed
them
,
to
make
some
advantage
of
this
Disorder
;
and
it
being
impossible
to
stop
the
Torrent
of
this
furious
Folly
,
they
pleasantly
marched
along
,
singing
and
crying
all
together
,
with
all
their
power
,
Lord
Jesus
,
bestow
upon
us
thy
Holy
Cross
.
The
greatest
part
of
those
of
Germany
taking
disserent
Roads
,
either
perished
miserably
on
the
Way
,
or
were
dispoiled
by
Thieves
and
Robbers
.
Those
of
France
,
who
could
escape
to
Marseilles
,
were
there
miserably
cheated
by
two
Merchants
,
whose
Names
were
Hugh
le
Fer
,
and
William
Porc
,
notorious
Villains
;
who
,
having
promised
to
transport
them
into
Palestine
for
nothing
,
putting
them
on
Board
seven
of
their
Ships
,
two
of
the
Vessels
were
shipwrack'd
,
with
the
loss
of
all
those
poor
Boys
with
which
they
were
charged
:
and
for
those
who
were
upon
the
other
sive
,
these
Traytors
carried
them
into
Egypt
,
and
there
sold
them
for
Slaves
to
the
Sarasins
.
It
is
true
that
God
,
who
alone
can
bring
Good
out
of
Evil
,
for
his
Glory
,
drew
this
Advantage
from
this
great
Disorder
,
and
horrible
Treachery
,
that
divers
of
these
Innocents
,
whom
the
Infidels
endeavoured
to
force
to
deny
and
renounce
their
Faith
,
persisted
so
constantly
to
confess
Jesus
Christ
,
for
whose
sake
they
had
taken
the
Cross
,
that
they
chose
rather
to
be
cut
in
pieces
,
than
to
renounce
their
Faith
;
and
by
this
irregular
and
frantick
Action
,
came
at
last
to
obtain
the
Crown
of
Martyrdom
.
At
last
,
the
memorable
Victory
which
Philip
the
August
obtained
against
Otho
,
who
,
having
been
crowned
after
the
Death
of
the
Emperor
Philip
,
troubled
all
Europe
,
gave
the
Pope
the
occasion
to
accomplish
,
by
the
General
Council
,
the
great
Design
of
the
Crusade
,
which
he
had
begun
by
his
Letters
,
and
which
the
Preachers
,
by
his
Orders
,
published
every
where
.
This
Emperor
Otho
made
a
most
cruel
War
against
the
Pope
,
who
had
always
been
his
Protector
,
so
that
he
was
,
at
last
,
constrained
,
by
his
extream
Ingratitude
,
to
excommunicate
him
;
as
also
,
for
his
openly
invading
the
Churches
Patrimony
,
seizing
upon
what
the
Holy
See
had
received
from
the
magnificent
Liberality
of
the
Kings
of
France
.
Philip
the
August
,
who
,
besides
that
he
hated
Otho
,
as
being
the
Nephew
of
his
Enemy
,
the
King
of
England
,
thought
himself
obliged
to
maintain
what
his
Predecessors
had
done
in
favour
of
the
Holy
See
,
sailed
not
to
declare
himself
for
the
Pope
;
and
negotiated
so
powerfully
with
divers
Princes
of
the
Empire
,
the
principal
whereof
were
the
King
of
Bohemia
,
the
Dukes
of
Austria
and
Bavaria
,
the
Archbishops
of
Treves
,
Mayence
and
Cologne
,
that
they
deposed
this
ingrateful
,
excommunicate
Prince
,
and
elected
Frederick
,
whom
his
Father
,
the
Emperor
Henry
VI.
had
caused
to
be
declared
King
of
the
Romans
,
at
the
Age
of
three
Years
,
and
who
was
also
King
of
Naples
and
Sicily
,
in
Right
of
the
Empress
Constantia
,
his
Mother
.
He
came
soon
after
into
Germany
,
where
he
was
received
by
the
Princes
,
and
crowned
Emperor
at
Aix-la-Chapelle
,
year
1213
by
Thierri
Bishop
of
Cologne
:
And
that
he
might
support
his
Right
by
the
Arms
of
his
Protector
,
he
came
directly
to
Vaucouleur
,
where
,
after
a
Conference
with
Lewis
,
the
Son
of
King
Philip
,
he
made
a
new
Treaty
with
the
King
,
and
renewed
the
ancient
Alliance
,
which
had
been
between
his
Predecessors
and
the
Crown
of
France
.
Otho
,
on
his
side
,
who
had
a
powerful
Party
in
Germany
,
believing
that
if
he
could
but
ruin
Philip
,
he
should
be
able
easily
to
manage
Frederick
and
the
Pope
,
made
a
League
against
France
,
with
the
English
,
Ferrand
de
Portugal
Earl
of
Flanders
,
who
had
revolted
against
his
Master
,
and
his
Benefactor
,
who
had
married
him
to
the
Heiress
of
Flanders
;
year
1214
and
joyned
the
Troops
of
the
English
and
Flemmings
,
which
,
together
with
his
own
,
composed
an
Army
of
above
two
hundred
thousand
Men
:
So
that
making
no
doubt
but
that
he
should
be
able
to
cut
the
French
Army
in
pieces
,
who
were
not
a
third
part
so
numerous
,
he
assailed
them
,
when
they
least
expected
a
Battle
,
as
they
were
passing
the
Bridge
of
Bovines
.
But
Philip
,
without
being
dismayed
at
this
Surprise
,
having
put
himself
at
the
Head
of
the
Rereguard
,
whilst
the
Vant-guard
re-passed
the
Bridge
,
sustained
their
first
Shock
,
and
gave
a
Check
to
the
Enemies
,
till
such
time
as
the
other
Troops
were
drawn
up
in
Battalia
upon
his
Right
and
Left
,
according
to
the
Orders
which
he
had
given
:
And
then
the
French
,
animated
by
the
Sight
,
the
Words
,
but
much
more
by
the
Example
of
their
King
,
who
this
Day
behaved
himself
like
one
of
the
ancient
Heroes
,
charged
with
so
much
fury
every
where
,
that
,
after
having
fought
victoriously
in
all
places
,
from
Noon
till
Night
,
the
Army
of
the
Enemies
was
totally
routed
.
All
the
principal
Captains
lay
stretched
out
at
length
upon
the
place
,
or
else
were
taken
Prisoners
,
Otho
only
excepted
,
who
escaped
by
the
swiftness
of
his
Horse
,
and
retreated
into
the
Lower
Saxony
,
where
,
about
two
Years
after
,
he
died
with
Grief
to
see
himself
forsaken
by
all
the
Princes
of
the
Empire
,
and
another
Emperor
generally
acknowledged
and
received
by
all
the
Germans
.
This
great
Victory
of
Philip
,
and
that
which
Prince
Lewis
,
his
Son
,
obtained
,
almost
at
the
same
time
,
in
Poitou
,
against
the
King
of
England
,
having
made
a
great
Calm
in
the
Church
and
the
Empire
,
the
Pope
,
who
,
during
the
Wars
,
which
troubled
all
Europe
,
could
not
assemble
the
Council
,
now
caused
it
to
be
called
;
year
1215
:
and
accordingly
it
was
held
the
Year
following
,
in
the
famous
Church
of
the
Lateran
at
Rome
.
This
was
the
twelfth
Oecumenical
Council
,
and
the
fourth
of
Lateran
,
and
one
of
the
greatest
which
the
Church
had
ever
had
;
for
,
besides
the
Pope
,
who
presided
in
Person
,
the
Patriarchs
of
Constantinople
and
Jerusalem
,
and
the
Deputies
of
those
of
Antioch
and
Alexandria
were
present
at
it
,
together
with
seventy
one
Archbishops
,
four
hundred
and
twelve
Bishops
,
with
the
Proxies
of
divers
others
,
above
eight
hundred
Abbots
and
Priors
,
and
the
Ambassadors
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
II.
Henry
the
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
of
the
Kings
of
England
,
France
,
Hungary
,
Jerusalem
,
Cyprus
and
Aragon
.
The
Pope
,
who
was
a
Man
very
learned
and
eloquent
,
opened
the
Session
by
a
Speech
which
is
verbatim
inserted
into
the
Acts
of
the
Council
,
as
he
spoke
it
;
and
therein
,
after
he
had
acquainted
them
,
that
the
principal
Reason
why
he
had
assembled
them
,
was
to
consider
how
they
might
relieve
the
Holy
Land
,
he
brought
in
Jerusalem
addressing
her self
to
the
Christians
of
the
West
,
and
to
implore
their
Assistance
,
in
the
Language
of
the
holy
Scripture
;
representing
,
in
a
manner
so
pathetick
and
moving
,
the
piteous
Estate
to
which
she
was
reduced
under
the
Tyrannick
Dominion
of
the
Sarasins
,
to
the
shame
of
the
Christian
Name
,
that
it
was
impossible
but
the
whole
Assembly
should
be
moved
with
it
,
or
refuse
taking
the
generous
Resolution
of
employing
all
things
for
the
Deliverance
of
the
holy
City
from
that
cruel
Servitude
.
So
that
,
after
they
had
established
the
Doctrines
of
the
Faith
,
against
the
Heresies
of
Berengarius
,
Amauri
de
Chartres
,
the
Albigenses
,
and
the
Abbot
Joachim
,
without
meddling
with
his
Person
,
by
reason
that
he
submitted
himself
to
the
Judgment
of
the
Holy
See
;
and
after
they
had
regulated
such
Matters
as
concerned
Discipline
,
and
the
Reformation
of
Manners
,
the
Fathers
,
with
the
Consent
of
the
Ambassadors
of
the
Princes
,
made
these
following
Orders
for
the
Crusade
:
That
the
Bishops
should
cause
it
to
be
preached
in
their
respective
Diocesses
;
above
all
,
enjoyning
the
Preachers
to
press
it
as
a
thing
necessary
for
all
those
who
took
it
upon
them
,
to
put
themselves
,
by
true
Repentance
,
into
a
State
of
Grace
,
thereby
to
preserve
themselves
in
the
Favour
of
God
,
year
1215
and
to
procure
his
Blessings
upon
them
,
and
the
Vndertaking
.
That
they
themselves
should
exhort
the
Kings
,
the
Princes
,
and
Persons
of
the
greatest
Quality
,
to
take
upon
them
the
Cross
,
and
to
contribute
to
the
Expences
of
the
Holy
War
.
That
the
Bishops
,
the
Abbots
,
the
Priors
,
and
all
other
Ecclesiasticks
,
should
give
the
twentieth
part
of
their
Revenues
,
and
the
Pope
and
Cardinals
the
tenth
,
towards
the
carrying
on
the
Crusade
.
And
to
excite
others
,
by
his
Example
,
to
this
Liberality
,
the
Pope
promised
,
that
,
besides
this
Tax
,
he
would
provide
Shipping
,
and
great
Sums
of
Money
for
the
particular
Maintenance
of
such
of
the
Romans
as
should
take
upon
them
the
Cross
.
That
the
Crusades
should
have
all
the
same
Privileges
,
Spiritual
and
Temporal
,
which
the
former
Popes
had
indulged
to
the
first
Crusades
.
That
they
should
all
be
in
readiness
to
pass
into
Palestine
by
the
1st
Day
of
June
,
in
the
following
Year
.
That
,
in
the
Interim
,
those
who
resolved
to
be
of
the
Land-Army
should
come
to
the
Rendezvouz
which
should
be
appointed
,
whither
the
Pope
would
send
his
Legate
;
and
that
those
who
chose
rather
to
go
by
Sea
,
should
repair
to
the
Port
of
Brindes
in
Pavia
,
or
to
Messina
in
Sicily
,
where
he
himself
would
be
present
,
to
take
care
,
and
give
Orders
,
for
what
should
be
needful
,
since
he
was
not
,
as
he
passionately
desired
,
permitted
to
pass
beyond
the
Seas
,
and
take
the
Voyage
with
the
Crusades
.
That
there
should
be
either
a
Peace
,
or
a
Truce
among
the
Christian
Princes
for
four
Years
;
and
that
,
during
that
time
,
all
publick
Sports
and
Turnaments
should
be
straitly
prohibited
.
That
those
who
aided
the
Crusades
,
or
furnished
them
with
Equipage
,
should
enjoy
the
Benefits
of
the
Indulgences
.
And
,
on
the
contrary
,
that
such
as
favoured
the
Pyrates
,
and
such
Christian
Merchants
as
betrayed
their
Brethren
,
by
selling
Arms
and
Ammunition
to
the
Sarasins
,
should
,
as
impious
Traytors
to
God
and
Religion
,
be
exposed
to
all
the
Censures
of
the
Church
.
It
must
be
avowed
that
our
Ancestors
,
who
acted
as
exactly
and
prudently
,
but
with
far
fewer
Intrigues
of
Nicity
and
Ceremony
than
we
do
at
this
Day
,
were
far
more
expeditious
in
the
concluding
of
their
greatest
Affairs
,
than
in
the
succeeding
Ages
.
This
great
Council
,
wherein
so
many
,
and
such
important
Matters
were
debated
,
both
in
relation
to
Faith
and
Manners
,
so
many
things
of
a
differing
Nature
,
as
the
Policy
and
the
Discipline
of
the
Church
,
the
Peace
among
the
Christian
Princes
,
and
the
War
against
the
Insidels
,
and
almost
the
general
Interests
of
all
Europe
,
was
terminated
in
less
than
three
Weeks
,
continuing
only
between
the
Feast
of
St.
Martin
,
and
that
of
St.
Andrew
:
a
time
which
now
would
scarcely
be
thought
sufficient
for
the
regulating
of
one
single
Preliminary
Article
in
an
Assembly
of
far
less
importance
than
this
was
:
And
that
which
is
still
more
admirable
,
the
Execution
immediately
succeeded
the
Debates
and
Determinations
,
no
manner
of
Considerations
,
Passions
or
Interests
being
capable
of
stopping
,
or
even
so
much
as
retarding
it
;
every
one
gladly
contributing
what
was
his
part
,
towards
the
Performance
and
Accomplishment
of
the
whole
Design
.
The
Bishops
preached
the
Crusade
in
all
places
,
year
1216
with
mighty
Zeal
,
and
great
Success
;
and
the
Pope
,
to
give
the
greater
Authority
to
it
,
after
he
had
published
it
in
Rome
,
went
to
preach
it
himself
in
Tuscany
,
where
there
was
an
insinite
of
Crusades
,
every
one
desiring
to
have
the
Honour
to
receive
the
Cross
from
his
own
Hands
.
But
as
he
was
going
to
Pisa
,
to
accord
the
Differences
between
that
Republick
,
and
the
other
of
Genoa
,
which
did
something
hinder
the
Effect
of
the
Crusade
,
in
his
Passage
by
Perusa
,
he
was
seized
with
a
violent
Fever
,
occasioned
by
his
great
Pains
,
and
the
excessive
Heats
of
the
Season
,
which
,
in
a
few
days
,
carried
him
out
of
the
World
.
He
died
the
6th
Day
of
July
,
in
the
19th
Year
of
his
Pontificate
,
and
the
49th
of
his
Life
,
after
having
performed
all
the
Duties
of
a
Soveraign
Pope
,
in
such
perfection
,
that
there
have
been
few
of
his
Successors
,
I
do
not
say
,
that
have
surpassed
him
,
but
that
have
been
equal
to
him
;
and
if
we
may
give
Credit
to
the
unanimous
Consent
of
all
the
Authors
that
write
of
him
,
none
greater
,
either
in
Learning
,
in
Prudence
,
in
Firmness
of
Resolution
,
in
Authority
,
over
all
the
Powers
of
the
Earth
,
for
the
maintaining
the
Discipline
of
the
Church
in
its
Force
and
Vigour
;
or
any
more
zealous
for
the
Purity
of
the
Faith
,
or
more
conversant
than
himself
in
all
manner
of
vertuous
Actions
,
which
,
as
they
are
the
Effects
,
so
they
are
,
upon
Earth
,
the
most
certain
Marks
of
a
most
eminent
Sanctity
.
And
from
hence
,
doubtless
,
we
may
conclude
,
year
1216
that
there
is
nothing
more
Unjust
or
more
Weak
,
than
the
giving
Credit
to
the
Fable
of
the
Apparition
of
this
Pope
being
pursued
by
a
Dragon
after
his
Death
,
which
demanded
Justice
of
God
against
him
;
till
at
last
covered
all
over
in
slames
,
he
was
condemned
to
Purgatory
till
the
day
of
Judgment
,
for
having
commited
three
great
Crimes
in
his
Life
,
for
which
he
had
certainly
been
condemned
to
Hell
for
ever
,
if
our
Lady
,
to
whose
Honor
he
had
built
a
Church
,
had
not
obtained
the
Grace
for
him
,
that
he
repented
of
them
before
his
latest
Breath
.
Now
this
which
calls
it self
an
Apparition
,
so
plainly
resembles
the
travelling
Stories
of
Apparitions
of
this
Nature
,
that
I
am
astonished
there
should
be
any
who
should
doubt
of
its
Falshood
,
so
much
as
for
a
Moment
;
but
it
is
the
sordid
Humor
of
low
Spirits
,
to
dishonor
the
Memories
of
the
greatest
Lives
in
the
World
,
whom
they
durst
scarcely
speak
of
or
look
upon
whilest
they
were
in
it
;
and
nothing
is
more
frequent
than
for
Calumny
to
blast
the
Reputation
of
the
Dead
,
by
reason
of
that
Impunity
which
Men
hope
for
by
being
undiscovered
;
nor
is
there
any
thing
so
silly
,
but
what
will
either
by
the
Weakness
of
some
,
or
the
Malice
of
others
,
be
believed
;
so
that
the
most
sottish
and
groundless
Illusions
,
come
many
times
to
gain
the
Reputation
,
as
well
as
the
Name
of
supernatural
Visions
and
Revelations
.
The
Cardinal
Cencius
,
a
Roman
of
the
illustrious
House
of
Savelli
,
a
Person
of
a
great
Estate
,
and
as
great
Learning
,
succeeded
Innocent
within
two
days
,
by
the
Name
of
Honorius
the
III
,
and
imitating
his
Predecessor
in
his
Zeal
for
the
Deliverance
of
the
Holy
Land
,
he
at
the
same
time
writ
Letters
to
the
Princes
and
Prelates
throughout
all
Europe
,
exhorting
them
powerfully
not
to
cool
in
their
Zeal
,
which
they
had
till
then
manifested
for
the
Execution
of
what
had
been
Decreed
in
the
Holy
Council
,
in
reserence
to
the
Crusade
.
And
the
Consequence
of
these
Letters
,
and
the
Negotiations
of
his
Legats
which
he
sent
to
all
places
,
to
press
the
Accomplishment
of
this
great
Affair
,
which
lay
so
near
his
Heart
,
and
which
he
followed
so
closely
with
his
utmost
Application
and
Diligence
,
was
so
successful
,
that
an
infinite
number
of
Crusades
,
particularly
among
the
Northern
Nations
,
were
ready
to
pass
both
by
Sea
and
Land
into
the
Holy
Land
,
at
the
time
appointed
.
He
who
ought
to
have
Headed
them
,
was
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
II.
who
had
with
the
first
taken
upon
him
the
Cross
,
then
when
he
stood
in
need
of
the
Assistance
of
the
late
Pope
Innocent
,
for
his
Establishment
against
Otho
,
in
the
imperial
Dignity
.
He
took
it
upon
him
with
more
Solemnity
,
the
year
after
the
Battle
of
Bovine
,
when
all
things
being
at
Peace
in
Germany
,
he
was
by
the
Authority
of
Pope
Innocent
,
the
second
time
crowned
at
Aix
,
by
the
Hands
of
Siffride
Archbishop
of
Mayence
:
There
he
renewed
his
Vow
,
and
with
a
great
deal
of
Reverence
and
Submission
,
received
the
Decree
of
the
Council
for
the
Crusade
.
But
as
he
had
a
specious
Pretext
to
deser
his
Voyage
,
in
regard
he
had
not
been
at
Rome
to
receive
the
imperial
Crown
,
nor
to
regulate
the
Affairs
of
Italy
,
the
Pope
thought
it
was
not
convenient
at
that
time
to
press
him
further
with
the
Accomplishment
of
his
Vow
.
year
1217
So
that
Andrew
King
of
Hungary
was
taken
in
to
supply
his
Place
,
upon
this
great
Occasion
,
being
the
only
King
of
Europe
who
was
in
a
Condition
to
march
at
the
Head
of
the
Crusades
.
For
Peter
de
Courtenay
,
the
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
had
by
Treachery
been
taken
Prisoner
in
Macedon
,
by
Theodore
Comnenius
,
who
had
seized
upon
Thessaly
.
Philip
the
August
,
who
had
already
fulfilled
his
Vow
,
did
not
believe
that
he
was
obliged
to
ingage
himself
in
another
Crusade
,
at
a
time
when
France
stood
in
need
of
him
to
oppose
the
Albigenses
.
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
were
extremely
agitated
by
the
Troubles
which
the
Fury
of
Civil
War
had
raised
in
them
.
The
Kings
of
Castile
,
Portugal
,
and
Navarre
,
were
in
Arms
against
the
Moors
,
who
always
prevented
the
People
of
Spain
from
entring
into
the
Crusades
with
other
Nations
,
for
the
Deliverance
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
by
obliging
them
in
continual
Action
against
those
Infidels
,
who
were
possessed
of
many
of
their
Provinces
.
And
the
King
of
Arragon
,
was
so
far
from
joyning
with
the
Crusades
,
that
he
had
taken
Arms
in
favour
of
the
Hereticks
,
the
Albigenses
,
against
whom
there
was
another
Crusade
at
the
same
time
.
And
the
King
of
Norway
,
who
had
caused
a
great
many
Men
of
War
to
be
fitted
out
for
the
Holy
War
,
would
not
abandon
his
Realm
by
taking
the
Cross
,
altho
he
obliged
many
of
his
Subjects
to
undertake
it
,
year
1217
that
so
he
might
have
a
share
in
the
Honor
of
the
Enterprise
.
The
King
of
Hungary
was
therefore
the
only
Prince
of
Europe
,
who
in
Person
made
that
Holy
Voyage
,
and
the
principal
Princes
and
Prelates
who
accompanied
him
in
the
Undertaking
,
were
the
Dukes
of
Austria
,
Bavaria
,
Moravia
,
Brabant
,
Limbourg
,
the
Counts
Palatin
of
the
Rhine
,
of
Los
,
of
Juliers
,
of
Holland
,
and
Wida
,
the
Marquis
of
Baden
,
the
Archbishop
of
Mayence
,
and
the
Bishops
of
Bamberge
,
Passau
,
Strasbourg
,
Munster
,
and
Vtrecht
,
as
also
the
greatest
part
of
the
Prelates
of
Hungary
,
who
would
accompany
their
King
in
this
War
.
The
Cousades
,
whose
Number
increased
daily
,
without
expecting
those
,
who
not
being
yet
ready
,
might
well
enough
follow
after
to
Re-inforce
the
Army
in
Palestine
,
divided
themselves
into
several
Bodies
for
the
greater
Convenience
of
Passage
.
Andrew
King
of
Hungary
,
with
Leopold
Duke
of
Austria
,
Lewis
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
other
Princes
,
took
their
Way
by
Land
to
Venice
,
where
they
imbarked
upon
the
Shipping
of
the
Republick
,
which
expected
them
to
transport
them
to
the
Island
of
Cyprus
,
which
was
appointed
by
the
Pope
for
the
Place
of
Rendezvouz
:
It
is
said
that
upon
this
Occasion
,
to
pay
the
Charges
of
their
Passage
,
the
King
quitted
Dalmatia
to
the
Venetians
.
Another
Party
of
the
Crusades
were
embarked
at
Genoa
,
Messina
and
Brindes
;
where
they
received
Orders
from
the
Pope
,
by
which
he
commanded
them
,
with
all
possible
Expedition
to
joyn
the
King
of
Hungary
in
Cyprus
,
and
to
follow
him
whithersoever
he
should
judge
it
necessary
to
lead
them
;
expressly
prohibiting
them
,
upon
pain
of
Excommunication
,
to
separate
from
the
Gross
of
the
Army
,
under
pretence
of
going
as
Pilgrims
to
visit
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
in
regard
that
he
feared
that
this
irregular
Devotion
,
at
such
an
unseasonable
time
,
might
weaken
the
Army
,
and
inrich
the
Infidels
,
by
the
great
Tributes
which
they
exacted
of
the
Pilgrims
,
and
the
continual
Excursions
which
they
made
,
at
last
,
to
rob
them
of
all
they
had
.
Those
of
Cologne
,
and
the
Frisons
,
animated
by
the
sight
of
three
wonderful
Crosses
which
miraculously
appeared
in
Heaven
,
whilest
the
Crusade
was
preaching
upon
the
Friday
before
Whitsunday
,
put
to
Sea
with
a
gallant
Fleet
of
three
hundred
Ships
,
and
about
the
end
of
May
,
joyning
in
the
Mouth
of
the
Maze
,
with
that
of
William
Earl
of
Holland
,
and
George
Count
of
Wida
,
they
all
together
set
Sail
for
Ptolemais
by
the
Straits
of
Gibraltar
.
The
King
of
Hungary
arrived
first
at
Cyprus
,
about
the
Feast
of
the
Nativity
of
our
Lady
,
and
those
who
imbarked
at
the
Ports
of
Brindes
,
Messina
,
and
Genoa
,
coming
up
within
a
few
days
,
he
parted
from
thence
,
accompanied
with
Hugh
de
Lusignan
,
King
of
Cyprus
,
and
the
Archbishop
of
Nicosia
,
who
had
taken
upon
them
the
Cross
,
and
all
together
came
happily
to
an
Anchor
in
the
Port
of
Acre
.
After
the
Army
had
for
some
time
refreshed
themselves
about
the
City
,
where
the
Bavarians
,
by
an
ill
Beginning
,
and
an
unlucky
Presage
of
this
War
,
committed
fearful
Disorders
upon
the
Lands
of
the
Christians
,
whom
they
treated
most
inhumanely
.
King
John
de
Brienne
,
joyned
himself
with
the
Kings
of
Hungary
and
Cyprus
,
with
those
few
Troops
which
he
had
,
accompanied
with
the
Knights
of
the
Temple
,
the
Hospital
,
and
the
Teutonick
Order
.
And
the
Truce
which
had
been
made
with
the
Sarasins
being
expired
,
they
went
and
incamped
in
a
convenient
Place
,
near
the
Brook
Kison
,
there
to
take
a
general
Review
of
their
Troops
,
and
then
to
march
directly
to
find
out
Coradin
,
who
had
already
passed
the
River
Jordan
with
a
powerful
Army
,
and
made
a
shew
,
as
if
he
would
give
the
Christians
Battle
.
The
Patriarch
of
Jerusalem
,
whose
Residence
was
now
in
the
City
of
Acre
,
believing
that
upon
this
Occasion
he
ought
to
imitate
his
Predecessors
,
who
were
used
to
carry
the
sacred
Cross
in
their
Wars
,
before
the
Kings
,
therefore
in
the
beginning
of
November
,
being
followed
by
all
the
Clergy
in
Procession
,
went
to
the
Camp
carrying
a
part
of
that
sacred
Wood
which
the
Christians
had
preserved
.
For
James
de
Vitri
,
who
was
afterwards
a
Cardinal
,
and
who
before
had
been
Curate
of
Argentucil
near
Paris
,
and
then
of
Ogniez
in
the
Diocess
of
Liege
,
where
he
was
made
Canon
Regular
,
and
at
this
time
was
Bishop
of
Acre
,
and
accompanied
the
Kings
in
this
War
,
assures
us
that
he
had
heard
it
of
some
antient
People
in
Palestine
,
that
before
the
Battle
of
Tiberias
,
where
they
fought
so
unfortunately
against
Saladin
,
they
being
according
to
custom
,
year
1217
to
carry
the
Cross
before
King
Guy
de
Lusignan
,
he
was
advised
,
by
a
certain
Presage
of
the
future
Loss
,
to
cause
the
sacred
Wood
to
be
cut
,
and
one
part
of
it
to
be
kept
,
that
such
a
precious
Treasure
,
in
case
it
should
be
taken
in
the
Battle
,
as
it
happened
,
might
not
be
wholly
lost
.
Upon
the
Approach
of
the
Patriarch
,
the
Kings
and
Princes
came
out
of
the
Camp
,
and
walked
barefooted
to
meet
him
,
to
receive
that
sacred
Pledge
,
the
Instrument
whereupon
our
Salvation
was
wrought
,
with
a
marvellous
Devotion
,
and
perfect
Confidence
in
Jesus
Christ
,
who
,
they
hoped
,
would
in
that
Sign
give
them
Power
to
overcome
all
the
Enemies
of
his
holy
Name
,
as
he
had
upon
it
overcome
all
the
Enemies
of
our
Salvation
.
The
next
Morning
,
the
Army
being
drawn
up
in
Battalia
,
passed
the
Torrent
,
marching
Eastward
towards
the
great
Valley
of
Esdrelon
,
anciently
called
Megiddo
,
now
called
the
Plain
of
Faba
,
and
that
Day
advanced
as
far
as
the
Fountain
of
Tubany
,
in
old
time
called
Jesreel
,
near
the
City
of
that
Name
.
There
the
Couriers
,
who
were
sent
to
discover
the
Enemy
,
brought
word
that
they
had
seen
great
Clouds
of
Dust
,
so
that
it
was
believed
Coradin
was
advancing
to
give
them
Battle
.
That
was
then
the
thing
which
the
Army
most
desired
,
so
that
very
early
the
next
Morning
,
the
Army
marched
to
meet
the
Enemy
,
and
entred
into
the
great
Valley
of
Jesreel
,
having
the
Mountains
of
Gilboa
on
the
right
Hand
,
and
the
Mount
Hermon
upon
the
left
,
with
a
great
Morass
at
the
Foot
of
it
.
This
was
a
very
commodious
Post
,
where
they
might
advantageously
make
the
Field
of
Battle
;
but
no
Enemy
appearing
,
they
advanced
as
far
as
Bethshan
,
otherwise
called
Sythopolis
,
a
great
City
,
lying
in
a
Plain
very
convenient
for
the
giving
Battle
,
between
the
Mountain
of
Gilboa
and
the
River
Jordan
.
Coradin
had
been
there
,
and
incamped
in
the
Plain
,
boasting
that
there
he
would
fight
the
Christian
Army
;
but
when
he
understood
that
the
Kings
were
there
in
Person
,
and
that
their
Army
was
stronger
than
his
,
he
durst
not
tempt
Fortune
by
a
decisive
Blow
;
and
therefore
following
the
Orders
and
the
Example
of
his
Father
Saphadin
,
who
kept
himself
at
Babylon
,
expecting
till
the
Christians
should
have
weakned
themselves
,
he
was
already
retired
beyond
the
River
the
Day
before
,
which
was
the
Occasion
of
the
Dust
which
the
Scouts
had
discovered
,
and
thought
he
had
been
therefore
approaching
to
meet
the
Christians
.
But
it
was
the
quite
contrary
,
for
he
was
then
retreating
,
leaving
the
Country
to
the
Kings
,
who
after
they
had
,
with
the
whole
Army
,
with
great
Devotion
,
washed
themselves
in
the
Waters
of
Jordan
,
and
coasted
along
the
Sea
of
Tiberias
,
or
the
great
Lake
of
Genasareth
,
to
visit
the
Places
consecrated
by
the
Presence
and
the
Miracles
of
Jesus
Christ
,
they
returned
about
the
end
of
the
Month
to
Ptolemais
,
with
a
very
rich
Booty
,
and
abundance
of
Prisoners
,
which
they
had
taken
in
the
Country
of
the
Sarasins
.
But
this
not
being
what
was
expected
from
so
great
an
Army
,
and
there
appearing
no
Enemy
to
combat
with
in
the
Field
,
they
resolved
to
besiege
the
Fortress
which
Coradin
had
built
upon
the
top
of
Mount
Tabor
,
which
did
extremely
inconvenience
the
City
of
Acre
.
This
Tabor
,
which
is
so
famous
in
both
the
old
and
new
Testament
,
is
one
of
the
fairest
and
most
pleasant
Mountains
of
the
World
:
It
raiseth
its
lofty
Head
in
the
middle
of
a
fair
Plain
in
Galilee
,
about
some
thirty
Furlongs
in
height
,
which
is
near
a
League
and
half
of
our
Measure
,
so
that
like
a
Pharus
or
watch
Tower
,
it
may
be
seen
at
a
great
Distance
by
those
who
sail
upon
the
Sea
,
and
also
from
the
top
of
this
Mountain
one
may
discover
a
great
part
of
the
Holy
Land
,
especially
all
the
Champion
of
Galilee
,
the
main
Ocean
,
the
Sea
of
Tiberias
,
and
the
Course
of
the
River
Jordan
.
All
this
Prospect
lay
so
exactly
round
about
it
,
that
Nature
seemed
to
have
pleased
herself
in
forming
this
pleasant
round
Circle
,
from
the
Base
whereof
Mount
Tabor
raiseth
it self
by
small
Degrees
,
lessening
the
new
Circles
with
an
equal
Roundness
to
the
very
Top
,
which
by
reason
of
its
Height
looks
like
a
mighty
Pyramid
to
those
who
are
at
the
Bottom
of
it
.
It
is
on
all
sides
very
steep
,
and
on
the
North
side
wholly
inaccessible
,
and
there
is
no
coming
up
to
it
on
the
other
sides
,
but
by
very
strait
and
difficult
Passages
.
And
tho
it
be
thus
steep
and
high
,
yet
receiving
continually
the
most
pure
Due
of
Heaven
,
which
falls
sweetly
from
its
Top
,
and
expands
it self
downwards
,
it
is
cloathed
particularly
towards
the
West
and
South
,
with
abundance
of
Trees
which
are
continually
Green
,
year
1217
loaden
with
pleasant
Fruits
,
and
where
the
Birds
,
who
inhabit
in
these
agreeable
Thickets
,
fill
the
Air
with
their
melodious
Songs
;
the
Earth
,
which
at
the
Foot
of
these
Trees
,
is
by
their
Shade
protected
from
the
scorching
Heats
,
is
ever
green
,
being
enamelled
with
many
Plants
,
and
beautiful
Flowers
,
which
Nature
there
,
without
the
help
of
Art
produceth
in
abundance
,
and
which
by
the
infinite
sweetness
of
their
mixed
Odors
,
perfume
and
embalm
the
Air
which
one
draws
in
,
upon
that
delightful
spot
of
Ground
.
From
the
Foot
of
this
Mountain
riseth
the
famous
Brook
of
Kison
,
which
after
having
for
a
while
slowed
Southward
,
divides
it self
into
two
Rivolets
near
the
City
of
Endor
,
about
the
Place
where
Barak
descending
from
Mount
Tabor
,
overthrew
the
mighty
Host
of
Sisera
.
The
lesser
of
these
Rivulets
,
rowls
gently
towards
the
East
,
all
along
by
the
famous
Hill
of
Hermon
,
receiving
the
smaller
Springs
,
which
fall
from
thence
in
abundance
,
and
at
last
loseth
it self
in
the
Sea
of
Tiberias
,
near
the
City
of
Bethshan
;
the
greater
of
these
two
Brooks
takes
a
quite
contrary
Course
towards
the
West
,
along
by
the
Mountain
of
Son
,
and
the
little
City
Naim
,
and
after
having
traversed
the
greatest
part
of
the
Vally
of
Megiddo
,
and
growing
proud
with
the
Tribute
of
several
little
Torrents
which
descending
from
Mount
Ephraim
,
swell
its
Streams
,
at
last
it
dischargeth
it self
into
the
Phenician
Sea
,
about
a
Mile
from
Caiphas
,
at
the
Foot
of
Mount
Carmel
.
There
was
formerly
a
Fortress
upon
the
top
of
this
Mount
Tabor
,
which
Josephus
,
as
he
himself
tells
us
,
caused
in
forty
days
to
be
incompassed
by
a
Wall
,
thereby
to
defend
himself
against
the
Romans
,
who
notwithstanding
took
it
,
and
demolished
it
.
The
Empress
Helena
,
a
long
time
after
that
built
a
fair
and
magnificent
Church
there
,
in
the
place
where
the
Son
of
God
was
transfigured
before
the
three
Disciples
;
and
that
there
might
be
there
three
Tabernacles
,
according
to
the
Wish
of
St.
Peter
;
there
were
also
two
fair
Monasteries
,
consecrated
to
the
Memory
of
those
two
great
Prophets
,
Moses
and
Elias
,
who
had
the
honor
to
participate
of
the
Glory
of
Jesus
Christ's
Transsiguration
.
The
Christians
had
always
preserved
these
sacred
Places
,
as
well
as
divers
others
in
Palestine
,
even
during
the
Domination
of
the
Turks
and
Sarasins
,
to
whom
they
payed
Tribute
for
their
Possessing
of
them
.
But
Saladin
,
after
the
Battle
of
Tiberias
becoming
Master
of
them
,
caused
them
to
be
demolished
,
together
with
all
the
remaining
Fortifications
;
and
Coradin
his
Nephew
becoming
Master
of
the
Field
after
the
Retreat
of
those
few
Troops
which
King
John
de
Brienne
had
brought
with
him
,
at
his
Arrival
in
the
Holy
Land
,
built
there
a
strong
Fortress
,
environed
with
seventy
seven
Towers
,
and
put
into
it
a
strong
Garrison
,
who
by
their
continual
Excursions
,
laid
wast
all
the
Country
for
seven
or
eight
Leagues
around
Mount
Tabor
,
even
to
the
very
Gates
of
Ptolemais
.
The
Princes
therefore
being
resolved
to
attack
that
Place
,
they
marched
the
Army
thither
about
the
beginning
of
December
;
they
presently
found
the
Ascent
so
Difficult
,
that
it
was
thought
the
Enterprise
was
next
to
impossible
.
But
the
Patriarch
who
carried
the
Cross
,
which
he
shewed
to
the
whole
Army
,
marched
at
the
Head
of
them
with
so
much
Resolution
,
followed
by
the
Bishops
,
and
the
Clergy
,
singing
of
Hymns
,
that
the
Princes
,
the
Officers
and
Soldiers
were
ashamed
to
stay
behind
:
But
,
above
all
,
the
King
of
Jerusalem
,
who
animated
all
the
rest
by
his
Example
,
having
,
at
last
,
gained
the
Top
of
the
Mountain
before
the
rest
,
charged
so
furiously
upon
those
who
were
sallied
out
of
the
Fortress
,
to
defend
the
Avenues
,
that
,
after
having
slain
the
two
Captains
who
commanded
them
,
he
forced
them
to
turn
their
Backs
,
and
make
more
haste
into
the
Fortress
,
to
save
themselves
,
than
they
had
done
to
come
out
of
it
,
to
repulse
him
;
and
so
terrified
were
they
by
his
prodigious
Valour
,
that
they
abandoned
those
Posts
,
which
they
might
easily
have
maintained
against
him
,
only
by
rowling
down
great
Stones
upon
such
as
should
attempt
to
mount
the
Hill
.
But
this
Valour
signified
nothing
by
reason
of
the
Obstinacy
,
the
Jealousie
,
and
,
it
may
be
,
the
Treachery
of
Bohemond
Earl
of
Tripolis
;
for
a
Council
being
held
,
in
what
manner
they
should
attack
the
place
,
he
maintained
stiffly
,
that
this
Siege
could
by
no
means
be
undertaken
,
without
manifestly
exposing
themselves
to
the
danger
of
being
besieged
by
the
Army
of
Coradin
,
year
1217
who
,
by
seising
the
Foot
of
the
Mountain
,
might
starve
them
to
death
;
or
,
if
they
should
oppose
him
with
a
part
of
their
Army
,
might
easily
cut
them
in
pieces
.
It
was
remonstrated
to
him
,
on
the
contrary
,
that
they
should
certainly
carry
the
place
before
Coradin
could
come
up
to
relieve
it
.
But
still
he
persisted
so
pertinaciously
in
his
Opinion
,
and
found
himself
backed
by
such
a
strong
Party
,
whom
he
had
gained
,
that
,
at
length
,
his
Advice
was
taken
,
and
by
one
of
the
most
unaccountable
Adventures
which
ever
was
seen
in
War
,
the
same
day
that
they
had
,
by
main
force
,
with
their
Swords
in
their
Hands
,
gained
the
Top
of
the
Mountain
,
in
order
to
attack
the
Fortress
,
as
they
might
successfully
have
done
,
they
coldly
descended
from
thence
without
doing
any
thing
,
as
if
they
had
fought
for
nothing
else
but
to
get
upon
the
Top
of
Mount
Tabor
,
to
walk
,
and
take
the
Air
,
and
look
about
them
from
that
delightful
Prospect
.
The
Enemies
,
whom
they
had
beaten
in
mounting
the
Hill
,
now
also
took
Courage
;
and
when
they
saw
this
unexpected
Retreat
,
took
occasion
to
return
their
Visit
,
and
beat
their
Vanquishers
down
the
Hill
again
,
killing
many
valiant
Men
with
their
Darts
and
Arrows
as
they
descended
with
difficulty
down
those
strait
and
troublesom
Passages
.
This
so
enraged
the
Patriarch
,
that
he
would
no
longer
march
with
the
Cross
at
the
Head
of
an
Army
,
whom
such
a
sacred
Sign
could
not
animate
with
more
Courage
.
After
this
also
,
the
Kings
undertaking
to
make
a
third
Irruption
into
the
Countries
of
the
Infidels
in
Phenicia
,
received
there
a
new
Disgrace
,
and
a
greater
Loss
than
before
,
both
by
the
Rigour
of
the
Season
,
which
was
so
extream
cold
that
many
of
their
Soldiers
were
benummed
and
frozen
to
death
by
the
way
,
and
by
the
continual
Ambushes
which
the
wild
Arabian
Robbers
laid
for
them
in
all
the
Passes
:
But
,
above
all
,
upon
Christmas-Eve
,
they
were
surprized
in
the
plain
Field
,
between
Tyre
and
Sarepta
,
by
such
a
fearful
Tempest
of
Wind
,
Rain
,
Hail
,
Whirl-blasts
,
mingled
with
most
terrible
Thunder
and
Lightning
,
that
they
had
all
like
to
have
been
there
lost
.
After
these
unhappy
Accidents
,
the
Army
,
which
could
not
subsist
in
such
narrow
Quarters
as
were
in
and
about
Acre
,
was
divided
into
four
Bodies
,
which
separated
in
such
a
manner
,
that
it
was
easie
to
foresee
they
would
never
meet
together
again
:
For
those
who
were
disgusted
at
the
Proceedings
of
the
War
,
which
were
the
greatest
number
,
remained
at
Acre
,
expecting
the
Convenience
of
returning
into
Europe
.
year
1218
The
King
of
Jerusalem
,
the
Duke
of
Austria
,
the
great
Master
of
the
Hospital
,
with
the
greatest
part
of
the
Bishops
,
went
and
encamped
about
Cesarea
,
where
they
caused
the
Citadel
which
formerly
joyned
to
that
great
City
,
and
which
had
been
demolished
,
to
be
re-built
with
so
much
Expedition
and
Diligence
,
that
they
had
wholly
finished
it
before
the
Army
of
the
Sarasins
could
draw
together
to
interrupt
them
in
the
Work
.
The
great
Masters
of
the
Temple
and
the
Teutonick
Order
,
with
a
small
number
of
Crusades
,
under
the
Conduct
of
Gautier
d'
Avesnes
,
remained
between
the
City
of
Acre
and
Cesarea
,
and
there
fortified
an
old
Castle
of
the
Pilgrims
,
upon
a
Promontory
which
advanceth
it self
into
the
Sea
,
near
Mount
Carmel
;
and
in
the
clearing
of
the
Ruins
,
found
a
Treasure
which
defrayed
the
Charges
they
were
at
in
the
repairing
of
it
.
The
Kings
of
Hungary
and
Cyprus
,
with
the
greatest
part
of
the
Pilgrims
,
and
Earl
Bohemond
,
retired
to
Tripolis
,
where
,
a
few
days
after
,
the
King
of
Cyprus
died
in
the
very
Flower
of
his
Age.
And
for
the
King
of
Hungary
,
believing
that
he
had
accomplished
his
Vow
,
he
only
staid
till
the
Season
was
convenient
to
pass
the
Seas
,
and
then
returned
with
his
Men
,
and
all
the
Booty
they
had
gotten
,
into
his
own
Kingdom
,
where
his
Presence
was
become
mighty
necessary
,
by
reason
of
the
dangerous
Troubles
which
had
been
raised
during
his
Absence
,
and
a
deplorable
Accident
which
happened
to
his
House
,
which
is
not
at
all
relating
to
this
History
;
and
that
was
the
true
Reason
why
nothing
was
able
to
prevail
with
him
to
make
a
longer
Stay
,
neither
the
Intreaties
of
the
Patriarch
,
nor
the
Excommunication
which
he
thundred
out
against
him
,
and
all
such
as
should
follow
him
into
Europe
.
But
this
Prince
,
who
doubted
not
but
the
too
zealous
Prelate
had
herein
exceeded
the
Bounds
of
his
Power
,
gave
himself
no
trouble
for
the
severe
Censure
,
being
satisfied
that
he
had
no
Power
or
Jurisdiction
over
him
,
and
that
no
Power
upon
earth
had
any
right
over
Kings
in
the
Temporal
Affairs
of
the
Realms
,
year
1218
with
the
Conduct
whereof
they
are
solely
intrusted
by
God
Almighty
,
to
whom
alone
they
are
obliged
to
give
an
Account
of
the
Government
of
their
Estates
,
to
which
,
next
to
the
Duty
to
God
,
they
owe
their
chief
Care
,
and
their
chief
Diligence
.
This
Loss
of
the
Assistance
of
two
such
considerable
Kings
,
accompanied
with
so
many
brave
Men
,
was
quickly
after
repaired
by
another
Re-inforcement
,
which
came
very
seasonably
to
begin
the
next
Campaigne
;
for
almost
at
the
same
time
that
King
John
de
Brienne
,
Leopold
Duke
of
Austria
,
and
the
three
great
Masters
of
the
Military
Orders
,
after
they
had
finished
the
Fortresses
of
Cesarea
and
the
Pilgrims
Castle
,
were
come
to
Ptolemais
,
to
deliberate
upon
what
was
to
be
done
in
the
posture
wherein
their
Affairs
then
stood
,
they
were
agreeably
surprized
to
see
the
greatest
part
of
the
Northern
Fleet
arrive
,
for
they
had
utterly
despaired
of
it
,
there
having
not
been
the
least
Account
what
was
become
of
it
since
the
time
that
it
first
put
to
Sea
.
This
great
Fleet
had
weighed
from
the
Mouth
of
the
Mase
,
the
29th
Day
of
May
,
and
had
happily
passed
the
Coasts
of
England
and
France
,
but
they
were
a
long
time
stayed
,
by
contrary
Winds
,
upon
the
Coast
of
Spain
;
and
after
they
had
been
bruised
by
a
furious
Tempest
,
in
which
they
lost
several
Ships
,
upon
the
Coast
of
Portugal
,
the
rest
of
the
Fleet
,
which
had
been
separated
by
the
Storm
,
had
been
,
with
great
difficulty
,
at
last
met
together
about
the
middle
of
July
,
in
the
River
of
Lisbon
.
Now
as
the
Earls
of
Holland
and
Wida
,
who
were
gotten
up
to
the
Port
of
this
great
City
,
had
given
Order
to
re-sit
their
Ships
,
the
Bishops
of
Lisbon
and
d'
Evora
,
the
great
Priors
of
the
Temple
and
Hospital
,
and
the
Commander
of
the
Order
of
the
Knights
of
St.
James
of
the
Sword
,
or
Palmela
,
and
many
great
Lords
of
the
Realm
,
came
to
wait
upon
them
from
Alphonsus
II.
King
of
Portugal
,
to
remonstrate
to
them
,
That
it
was
by
a
most
particular
Disposal
of
the
Divine
Providence
,
for
the
Good
of
Portugal
,
that
the
Tempest
had
thrown
them
upon
the
Port
of
Lisbon
,
and
that
it
shill
continued
to
stay
them
there
.
That
thereby
it
appeared
manifestly
that
God
would
make
use
of
them
,
to
drive
the
Moors
out
of
the
Realm
;
who
,
having
seized
upon
the
Fortress
of
Alcazar
,
held
all
the
Country
,
from
Algarves
to
the
Tagus
,
in
Subjection
.
That
before
their
Fleet
could
be
repaired
so
as
to
be
put
into
a
Condition
of
going
to
Sea
,
the
Season
for
Navigation
would
be
past
:
And
that
if
they
should
resolutely
pursue
their
Voyage
,
yet
would
it
be
ineffectual
,
in
regard
that
,
before
they
could
arrive
at
Palestine
,
it
would
be
far
advanced
in
the
Year
;
that
they
must
pass
the
Winter
there
unprofuably
.
That
therefore
it
would
be
more
advantageous
and
glorious
for
them
to
pass
it
in
Portugal
,
and
lend
them
their
Assistance
to
take
Alcazar
from
the
Sarasins
,
which
they
conjured
them
to
do
by
the
Zeal
which
they
had
to
Religion
;
assuring
them
,
that
this
Enterprise
,
of
which
they
would
give
an
Account
to
the
Pope
,
would
be
most
pleasing
to
him
;
and
that
thereby
they
should
merit
the
Recompence
of
a
Crusade
.
The
Earls
having
proposed
this
Affair
to
the
Council
of
the
Crusades
,
there
were
many
that
opposed
it
;
protesting
that
they
would
immediately
go
to
accomplish
their
Vow
.
The
Frisons
,
above
all
,
appeared
most
determined
in
this
Resolution
;
and
the
Matter
went
so
far
that
they
separated
from
the
Earls
,
and
parted
with
the
first
fair
Wind
,
the
twenty
sixth
of
July
,
with
above
eighty
Ships
,
who
were
followed
by
some
others
of
several
Nations
,
and
tho
the
Weather
for
some
time
proved
favourable
to
them
,
they
were
constrained
to
Winter
at
Corneta
,
at
Gaieta
,
and
several
other
Ports
of
Italy
.
But
the
Earls
,
who
after
that
Separation
,
and
those
which
had
been
lost
during
the
Tempest
,
had
not
above
a
hundred
Ships
,
believed
that
they
could
not
more
profitably
serve
Christendome
than
upon
this
Occasion
,
resolved
to
undertake
the
Siege
of
Alcazar
,
which
accordingly
therefore
they
undertook
with
the
Portuguese
,
in
the
beginning
of
the
Month
of
August
:
They
first
attempted
to
storm
the
Place
,
but
that
Attempt
not
Succeeding
,
in
regard
that
the
Garrison
,
which
was
very
strong
,
defended
themselves
with
abundance
of
Vigor
,
they
found
themselves
obliged
to
besiege
it
according
to
the
regular
Way
,
by
Sapping
and
Mining
;
this
they
followed
without
making
any
great
Progress
,
till
the
ninth
of
September
,
at
which
time
a
great
Succor
of
four
Moorish
Kings
of
Andalusia
,
appeared
within
a
League
of
the
Christian
Army
.
The
Battle
was
not
long
deferred
,
for
the
Christians
,
year
1218
wonderfully
encouraged
by
the
Arrival
of
the
Troops
of
the
Templers
,
who
,
the
Night
before
the
Battle
joyned
the
Army
;
and
much
more
by
the
Sight
of
the
glorious
Standard
of
the
Cross
,
which
appeared
in
the
Air
,
as
it
were
,
to
give
them
,
not
only
the
Signal
of
the
Combat
,
but
an
assured
sign
of
Victory
and
Triumph
,
went
courageously
against
the
Enemy
,
although
their
numbers
were
incomparably
greater
than
theirs
.
The
Battle
began
early
in
the
Morning
,
the
eleventh
Day
of
September
,
with
an
incredible
Heat
on
both
Sides
;
the
Christians
trusting
in
the
Aid
of
Heaven
,
which
the
Cross
they
had
seen
,
seemed
to
promise
them
;
and
the
Sarasins
in
their
Multitude
;
and
besides
being
ranged
in
Battalia
towards
the
East
,
they
had
the
Sun
upon
their
Backs
,
and
the
Christians
full
in
their
Eyes
.
Thus
the
Combat
was
very
obstinate
on
both
sides
,
Victory
continuing
in
Suspence
for
a
long
time
to
which
side
she
would
incline
;
till
at
last
,
the
Sarasins
,
struck
with
a
pannick
Fear
,
as
if
new
Enemies
had
fallen
upon
them
,
began
to
stagger
and
recoil
,
and
in
a
short
time
to
throw
down
their
Arms
,
and
betake
themselves
to
Flight
,
with
all
the
Hast
the
desire
of
Safety
could
lend
them
.
It
is
said
that
in
the
heat
of
the
Battle
,
there
appeared
new
Squadrons
of
Cavaleers
in
white
Armor
,
who
advanced
at
the
Head
of
the
Christians
,
and
charged
upon
the
Sarasins
with
an
infinite
Storm
of
Darts
and
Lances
,
and
that
the
brightness
of
their
glittering
Arms
and
Shields
so
dazled
the
Infidels
,
that
they
were
not
able
to
indure
the
shining
Beams
,
or
the
furious
Shock
they
gave
them
,
but
that
they
instantly
threw
away
their
Arms
and
fled
.
However
it
happened
,
it
is
most
certain
that
their
whole
Army
was
intirely
defeated
,
and
that
there
remained
above
fourteen
thousand
Sarasins
dead
upon
the
Place
,
with
two
of
their
Kings
;
that
they
pursued
the
Fugitives
for
three
Leagues
,
gleaning
up
abundance
of
Straglers
,
who
all
fell
by
the
Daughter
of
the
Sword
.
They
lost
all
their
Tents
and
Baggage
,
together
with
a
number
of
Prisoners
,
who
all
inquired
who
those
white
Horsemen
were
,
who
with
the
Lustre
of
their
Bucklers
had
so
blinded
them
,
and
put
them
into
Disorder
.
And
it
is
said
that
Pope
Honorius
seemed
by
one
of
his
Letters
to
give
credit
to
this
miraculous
Event
.
For
my
own
particular
,
as
I
do
not
pretend
to
give
all
these
sorts
of
Apparitions
for
Truths
,
which
I
find
in
some
credulous
Authors
,
which
is
a
great
though
too
frequent
Weakness
;
So
I
think
myself
obliged
to
take
care
not
to
suppress
such
as
have
any
probability
of
Establishment
upon
Truth
,
and
are
related
by
such
credible
Authors
,
to
whom
a
Man
of
Sense
and
Prudence
may
give
some
Faith
.
After
this
great
Victory
,
the
Crusades
returned
to
the
Siege
of
Alcazar
,
which
defended
it self
still
for
a
Month
longer
;
but
at
last
it
was
constrained
to
surrender
upon
Descretion
,
upon
the
one
and
twentieth
Day
of
October
.
There
were
made
above
two
thousand
Slaves
of
the
Sarasins
,
which
remained
in
the
Garrison
,
and
the
Place
was
put
into
the
Hands
of
the
Knights
of
Palmela
,
to
whom
it
belonged
,
the
great
Master
of
which
Order
had
signalised
his
Courage
in
an
extraordinary
manner
,
both
in
the
Battle
and
the
Siege
.
They
also
gave
Liberty
to
the
Sarasin
Governor
of
the
Place
,
and
a
hundred
of
his
Officers
,
and
several
of
his
Soldiers
,
who
with
him
received
holy
Baptism
,
and
renounced
the
Superstition
of
Mahomet
.
The
Pope
,
to
whom
the
Earl
of
Holland
and
the
Portuguese
sent
the
Relation
of
this
great
Success
,
caused
publick
Thanks
to
be
given
to
God
in
all
Places
,
exhorting
all
faithful
Christians
to
imitate
this
glorious
Example
,
and
to
take
Arms
to
fight
against
the
Sarasins
who
Possessed
the
Holy
Land
.
But
he
would
never
consent
that
the
Hollanders
,
and
those
of
Cologne
,
who
had
gained
this
important
Victory
,
should
thereby
be
dispensed
with
from
their
Vow
,
as
the
Portuguese
desired
,
that
so
these
brave
Men
might
finish
what
they
had
so
happily
begun
in
Spain
,
by
chasing
the
Moors
from
thence
.
For
this
Reason
therefore
William
Earl
of
Holland
,
General
of
the
Crusades
,
who
had
assured
the
Pope
that
he
would
inviolably
observe
his
Orders
,
after
he
had
passed
the
Winter
at
Lisbon
,
set
Sail
in
the
beginning
of
April
.
Having
passed
the
Straits
of
Gibraltar
,
he
was
surprized
by
a
Tempest
,
which
lasted
for
three
days
,
which
so
dispersed
his
Fleet
,
that
without
being
able
to
unite
again
,
some
of
them
were
forced
into
Barcelona
,
others
into
Marseilles
,
Genoa
,
Pisa
,
and
Messina
,
from
whence
they
continued
their
Voyage
to
Ptolemais
,
where
they
arrived
one
after
another
.
year
1218
Those
who
arrived
first
were
the
Frisons
,
who
had
wintred
in
Italy
.
The
Hollanders
,
and
those
of
Cologne
,
came
up
presently
after
,
and
whilest
they
expected
the
rest
it
was
resolved
by
King
John
de
Brienne
,
the
Duke
of
Austria
,
the
Bishops
and
great
Masters
of
the
Orders
,
for
the
future
to
change
the
manner
of
the
War
,
and
instead
of
amusing
themselves
about
Palestine
,
as
they
had
done
hitherto
,
to
fall
directly
upon
Egypt
,
and
indeavour
to
take
away
the
Cause
,
and
cut
up
the
Root
of
the
War
.
It
was
remonstrated
,
That
from
thence
came
all
the
great
Armies
which
the
Sultans
sent
to
the
Holy
Land
,
to
oppose
those
of
the
Crusade
,
and
that
therefore
,
if
they
could
once
make
themselves
Masters
of
the
Source
from
whence
those
terrible
Inundations
of
Barbarians
came
,
which
did
so
often
deluge
Palestine
,
there
would
be
nothing
then
capable
of
resisting
the
Forces
of
the
Christians
.
That
the
Sarasins
being
in
no
manner
of
Apprehensions
of
Danger
on
that
side
,
would
be
without
difficulty
surprized
.
That
there
was
nothing
in
all
Egypt
considerably
fortified
,
except
Damiata
;
and
that
,
after
the
Taking
of
that
City
,
which
might
easily
be
stormed
by
such
a
potent
Army
,
which
would
daily
be
re-inforced
by
the
Arrival
of
other
Crusades
which
were
expected
,
they
might
,
without
difficulty
,
march
and
attack
the
Sultan
in
Babylon
,
which
was
in
no
condition
to
resist
them
,
having
no
Fortifications
,
and
being
only
crouded
with
People
incapable
to
defend
it
.
And
,
in
short
,
That
this
was
the
Opinion
of
Pope
Innocent
,
in
the
Council
of
Lateran
;
and
seemed
as
if
he
had
a
Divine
Inspiration
;
and
that
therefore
it
was
to
be
hoped
,
that
God
would
assist
them
in
the
happy
Execution
of
the
great
Design
which
himself
had
inspired
.
This
Resolution
being
taken
,
all
the
Fleet
rendezvouzed
at
the
Pilgrims
Castle
,
from
whence
the
Frisons
and
Cologners
,
who
were
the
first
that
were
in
readiness
,
having
chosen
the
Count
de
Sarpont
to
command
them
,
set
Sail
,
and
with
the
favour
of
a
Stern-Wind
,
which
blew
a
lusty
Gale
from
the
Northward
,
they
came
in
three
Days
,
upon
the
30th
of
May
,
before
Damiata
,
and
,
by
a
lucky
beginning
of
the
War
,
made
their
Descent
without
Resistance
,
and
retrenched
themselves
before
the
City
,
expecting
the
coming
up
of
the
rest
of
the
Christian
Army
.
Damiata
was
,
at
that
time
,
one
of
the
fairest
and
richest
Cities
of
Egypt
,
and
,
without
dispute
,
the
strongest
,
as
being
the
Key
of
the
Kingdom
,
situate
upon
the
Nile
,
about
a
Mile
from
one
of
its
Mouths
.
This
great
River
,
whose
Spring
was
for
so
long
time
unknown
,
is
now
discovered
to
rise
from
five
or
six
Fountains
at
the
Foot
of
the
Mountains
of
the
Moon
,
in
thirteen
or
fourteen
Degrees
of
Southern
Latitude
,
and
so
to
cross
the
great
Lake
of
Zembr
;
and
after
having
wandred
from
the
South
to
the
North
,
quite
through
the
vast
Tracts
of
Ethiopia
,
and
the
higher
Egypt
,
it
divides
it self
below
Grand
Caire
,
or
Babylon
,
some
twenty
Leagues
from
the
Sea
,
into
two
Arms
;
one
of
which
drawing
to
the
Right
Hand
,
towards
the
East
,
and
the
other
to
the
Left
,
towards
the
West
,
form
that
great
Triangle
,
which
is
the
lower
Egypt
,
and
which
,
by
reason
of
its
Triangular
Figure
,
the
Greeks
call
Delta
.
These
two
Arms
divide
themselves
again
into
others
,
which
,
discharging
themselves
into
the
Sea
,
make
those
Mouths
of
the
Nile
,
whose
number
is
very
uncertain
;
most
Authors
make
them
seven
,
some
nine
,
and
others
will
have
it
that
there
are
eleven
;
but
William
of
Tyre
,
who
had
most
exactly
searched
the
number
of
them
upon
the
place
,
assures
us
that
there
are
no
more
than
four
:
All
which
Differences
may
be
easily
reconciled
,
by
considering
that
when
this
River
overflows
the
Country
,
as
it
doth
every
Year
,
about
the
middle
of
June
,
till
towards
the
midst
of
September
,
it
then
dischargeth
it self
by
other
Chanals
,
which
remain
dry
all
the
rest
of
the
Year
;
and
that
then
it
is
restrained
to
those
four
,
which
are
the
natural
Branches
,
by
which
its
Waters
flow
regularly
,
and
without
Interruption
,
to
the
Sea
.
The
greatest
of
the
Western
Chanals
is
called
the
Peleusiaque
,
from
the
name
of
the
City
Pelusium
,
which
since
is
called
Belbeis
upon
the
Nile
,
towards
the
Coast
of
Palestine
.
This
City
is
usually
confounded
with
Damaita
,
by
a
Mistake
which
certainly
cannot
be
defended
;
for
William
of
Tyre
,
who
speaks
exactly
of
these
two
Cities
which
he
had
seen
,
and
which
were
besieged
by
Amauri
King
of
Jerusalem
,
saith
positively
,
that
the
King
,
who
had
by
Force
,
taken
Pelusium
,
anciently
called
Belbeis
,
which
,
it
is
well
known
,
stood
upon
the
first
Branch
of
the
Nile
,
towards
the
East
,
passed
the
first
Arm
of
the
River
,
year
1218
and
marched
at
two
Encampments
,
which
is
about
twenty
Miles
,
to
besiege
Damiata
upon
the
Oriental
Coast
of
the
second
Branch
of
the
Nile
,
about
a
Mile
from
the
Sea
.
This
City
was
invironed
with
a
double
brick
Wall
,
towards
the
Nile
,
and
a
trible
one
on
that
side
toward
the
Land
,
the
second
was
higher
than
the
first
,
and
the
third
than
the
second
,
with
an
infinite
number
of
Towers
to
defend
them
,
and
a
great
Ditch
,
by
which
there
is
a
Passage
into
the
Nile
,
which
compasses
it
round
about
,
and
makes
it
a
great
Island
something
longer
than
it
is
broad
.
But
that
which
it
wants
in
Breadth
is
supplied
by
the
fair
Suburbs
,
which
in
Beauty
and
Riches
,
yield
not
to
the
City
.
And
it
being
thither
that
all
the
Merchandises
which
come
from
Ethiopia
and
the
Indies
,
by
the
Red
Sea
,
were
brought
,
to
be
from
thence
transported
into
Europe
and
Asia
,
the
Sultans
had
caused
to
be
built
upon
the
other
side
the
River
a
very
strong
Tower
,
capable
of
containing
three
hundred
Soldiers
to
defend
it
,
from
whence
there
was
drawn
a
huge
Chain
,
to
one
of
the
Towers
of
the
City
,
so
that
there
was
no
comming
in
,
or
going
out
of
the
Harbor
without
the
Permission
of
the
Sultan
,
who
drew
from
them
what
Tribute
he
pleased
,
for
the
Exportation
of
all
the
Merchandises
and
Spiceries
which
were
not
to
be
had
,
but
from
Egypt
.
So
soon
as
the
rest
of
the
Army
,
which
was
for
some
time
stayed
by
contrary
Winds
,
was
come
up
,
the
Soldiers
being
marvellously
animated
by
an
Eclipse
of
the
Moon
,
which
they
took
for
a
certain
Presage
of
Victory
,
and
the
Ruine
of
the
Sultan
,
a
Resolution
was
taken
to
attack
the
Tower
upon
the
Nile
,
in
regard
that
without
that
it
was
impossible
to
batter
the
City
on
the
River
side
,
which
was
the
thing
in
design
,
that
being
the
weakest
part
.
For
this
purpose
the
Duke
of
Austria
,
and
the
Knights
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
,
caused
the
great
Ladders
,
in
form
of
Draw-Bridges
,
to
be
fastned
to
their
Masts
,
such
as
had
been
made
use
of
to
be
let
down
with
Pullies
,
at
the
Siege
of
Constantinople
.
The
Germans
and
Frisons
,
under
the
Conduct
of
Count
Adolphus
du
Mont
,
made
a
kind
of
a
Fort
upon
a
great
Ship
,
which
below
the
Round
Top
of
the
Main
Mast
,
was
like
a
little
Castle
,
from
whence
they
might
commodiously
shoot
against
those
who
defended
the
Tower
;
and
the
Templers
raised
upon
one
of
the
ablest
of
the
Ships
another
Machin
in
form
of
a
Cavalier
,
to
batter
the
Enemy
at
the
same
time
from
another
Quarter
;
but
these
Engines
had
not
the
happy
Success
which
they
had
promised
from
them
;
the
main
Mast
which
supported
the
Bridge
of
the
Knights
of
St.
John
,
breaking
in
the
middle
,
in
the
Fall
drew
along
with
it
the
Bridge
;
that
also
of
the
Duke
of
Austria
,
was
overturned
and
broaken
under
the
Feet
of
the
Soldiers
,
who
thronged
upon
it
,
and
pushed
one
another
forward
with
Precipitation
,
every
one
striving
to
be
foremost
to
sight
with
the
Sarasins
,
who
expected
them
upon
the
top
of
the
Tower
.
So
that
these
valiant
Men
who
marched
with
so
much
Heat
,
with
their
Swords
in
their
Hands
,
against
the
Enemy
,
falling
with
their
Bucklers
and
Swords
one
upon
another
,
being
intangled
in
the
Cordage
,
tumbled
one
upon
another
,
and
wounded
themselves
sorely
with
their
own
Arms
,
before
they
fell
from
the
Bridge
into
the
River
,
where
they
were
miserably
plunged
in
the
deep
Waters
,
and
being
armed
,
and
such
a
number
of
Men
,
Planks
,
and
great
pieces
of
broaken
Timber
that
hindred
their
Swiming
,
they
could
not
possibly
save
themselves
.
The
Christian
Army
,
which
saw
this
lamentable
Accident
,
without
being
able
to
remedy
it
,
was
infinitely
troubled
at
it
;
but
the
Infidels
,
who
,
from
the
Towers
and
Walls
saw
this
agreeable
Spectacle
,
sent
forth
Shouts
of
Joy
,
mingled
with
horrible
Noises
,
Insultings
and
Blasphemies
,
which
were
so
far
from
discouraging
the
Christians
,
that
they
were
thereby
animated
more
than
before
,
to
revenge
these
horrible
Affronts
&
Impieties
.
For
this
Reason
therefore
,
after
they
had
drawn
off
the
other
two
Machins
of
the
Templers
and
the
Germans
,
which
were
for
no
purpose
but
to
favor
the
other
two
which
were
ruined
,
it
was
resolved
,
that
the
Gallies
and
lighter
Ships
should
pass
by
the
Chanal
of
the
Nile
,
which
was
between
the
Tower
and
the
other
Bank
,
that
so
they
might
make
themselves
Masters
of
the
higher
part
of
the
River
,
and
break
the
Bridge
of
Boats
which
made
the
Communication
between
the
Town
and
the
Tower
of
the
Nile
.
This
Design
was
as
happily
Executed
as
could
be
wished
;
for
in
despight
of
the
horrible
storm
of
Darts
,
Arrows
,
and
Stones
,
which
were
poured
upon
them
from
the
great
Tower
to
defend
the
Passage
,
which
the
Besieged
did
not
believe
they
would
be
so
mad
as
to
attempt
,
year
1218
the
Ships
passed
up
the
River
;
and
lay
so
that
no
Ship
could
come
down
to
relieve
the
Town
:
then
they
fell
upon
those
who
defended
the
Bridge
with
so
much
Fury
,
that
they
broak
it
in
divers
places
;
so
that
the
Tower
could
now
no
longer
be
succoured
from
the
City
.
In
the
mean
time
a
very
able
Engineer
invented
a
new
sort
of
Machin
,
which
at
last
had
that
Effect
which
they
had
in
vain
expected
from
the
others
.
This
Man
was
called
Master
Olivier
,
who
had
been
the
Scholemaster
of
the
Church
of
Cologne
,
a
most
famous
Preacher
,
and
who
,
after
he
had
preached
the
Crusade
by
the
Pope's
Order
,
in
Germany
,
Frieseland
,
and
Flanders
,
resolved
also
to
go
along
with
them
,
and
afterwards
came
to
be
Bishop
of
Paderborn
,
and
Cardinal
by
the
Title
of
St.
Sabine
.
It
is
to
him
that
we
are
obliged
for
the
Relation
of
this
Siege
,
beginning
after
the
taking
of
the
Tower
of
the
Nile
,
in
which
,
by
his
Invention
he
had
so
great
a
Share
,
but
withal
so
much
Modesty
,
as
not
to
make
any
the
least
mention
of
it
.
This
Person
then
,
who
was
a
man
of
a
great
Soul
,
and
mightily
beloved
,
especially
by
the
Soldiers
which
came
from
Cologne
,
with
whom
he
took
up
the
Cross
,
caused
this
new
Machin
to
be
made
with
the
Charity-money
which
he
had
collected
for
the
Crusade
.
He
caused
two
great
Ships
to
be
tied
together
with
strong
Cables
and
Hawsers
,
and
that
they
might
be
the
stronger
,
he
caused
strong
Piles
of
Timber
,
which
joyned
the
Ships
together
at
the
Heads
and
Sterns
,
to
be
fastned
with
strong
Clasps
and
Bolts
of
Iron
;
and
all
along
between
the
two
Ships
were
laid
strong
Planks
from
the
Hatches
of
one
Ship
to
the
other
,
upon
which
the
Men
might
pass
conveniently
;
and
these
also
were
strongly
fastned
to
the
Ship
at
each
End
,
which
kept
them
close
from
moving
one
from
another
.
Upon
these
two
Ships
,
thus
joyned
firmly
together
,
four
of
the
strongest
Masts
that
could
be
found
were
planted
and
joyned
together
in
a
Square
by
four
of
the
largest
Yards
,
which
were
fastned
to
the
Masts
almost
at
the
top
;
upon
these
Yards
there
lay
Joysts
fastned
,
and
over
them
Planks
nailed
down
in
the
manner
of
a
Platform
;
upon
this
was
erected
a
wooden
Castle
,
higher
than
the
Tower
of
the
Nile
;
and
this
Castle
was
covered
with
raw
Hides
of
Oxen
and
Camels
,
to
defend
it
from
the
Enemie's
Fire
;
below
this
Castle
,
upon
the
Platform
,
was
fastned
a
great
Ladder
covered
with
Planks
in
form
of
a
Draw-bridge
,
which
hung
by
Pullies
ready
to
be
let
down
upon
the
Walls
of
the
Tower
,
and
this
was
so
long
that
it
extended
several
Yards
over
the
Heads
of
the
Ships
;
below
this
Machin
there
were
placed
certain
long
Tables
,
very
thick
and
strong
,
which
were
so
fastned
to
the
Prows
,
that
by
the
help
of
Ropes
they
might
be
heaved
out
to
the
Walls
of
the
Tower
,
and
served
as
Bridges
for
the
Miners
,
who
might
be
at
Work
below
in
Sapping
,
whilest
the
other
attacked
them
above
.
This
Work
being
finished
,
and
approved
by
the
Captains
,
who
found
it
was
a
most
proper
and
rational
Invention
for
the
Execution
of
such
a
difficult
Design
,
they
resolved
to
make
use
of
it
,
and
to
make
their
utmost
Effort
to
carry
the
Tower
.
And
the
better
to
dispose
and
animate
the
Soldiers
,
and
to
obtain
the
Protection
of
God
for
the
Army
,
the
Patriarch
,
Bishops
,
and
all
the
Clergy
,
followed
by
the
King
,
Princes
,
and
Officers
,
went
barefoot
in
Procession
to
the
place
where
the
Cross
was
kept
,
which
according
to
custom
was
carried
to
this
War
.
After
which
,
Friday
,
the
Feast
of
the
Apostle
St.
Bartholomew
,
was
appointed
for
the
Day
to
begin
the
Assault
;
and
choice
was
made
for
that
Service
,
of
Officers
and
Soldiers
of
all
the
Nations
,
who
were
to
be
Conducted
by
the
brave
Leopold
,
Duke
of
Austria
,
and
this
was
done
to
avoid
Jealousies
,
and
that
they
might
all
be
Sharers
in
the
Glory
of
so
great
an
Action
.
The
Day
,
which
with
so
much
impatience
was
expected
,
being
come
,
the
Attack
was
made
in
this
manner
.
A
great
Ship
well
armed
,
sailed
up
the
Nile
,
which
was
mightily
swelled
,
and
went
as
it
were
to
shew
the
Way
to
the
great
Machin
which
followed
it
filled
on
all
Sides
,
below
,
upon
the
Platform
,
and
the
Castle
with
those
Valiant
Men
,
upon
whom
the
Eyes
of
the
whole
Army
were
fastned
,
as
the
dear
Pawns
of
their
Honor
,
and
the
Fortune
of
the
rest
.
These
proud
of
the
glorious
Choice
which
had
been
made
of
them
to
sustain
such
an
illustrious
Enterprise
,
looked
upon
the
Danger
,
and
the
Tower
with
a
generous
Contempt
,
and
a
certain
fierce
and
menacing
Joy
,
which
shewed
the
Resolution
they
had
taken
,
either
to
Perish
or
to
Conquer
;
standing
in
the
View
of
the
City
,
year
1218
and
the
Army
upon
the
Machin
,
as
upon
the
Theatre
of
their
Glory
.
The
Clergy
marched
bare-footed
in
Procession
upon
the
Bank
at
the
Right
Hand
of
the
Assailants
,
singing
of
Psalms
,
and
imploring
the
Aid
of
the
God
of
Armies
,
in
favour
of
his
Champions
,
against
the
Enemies
of
his
holy
Name
:
And
the
Infidels
,
who
were
run
all
to
their
Towers
and
their
Ramparts
,
answered
these
Songs
of
Piety
with
fearful
Howlings
,
and
horrible
Blasphemies
;
at
the
same
time
discharging
from
their
Stone-Bows
and
Slings
a
dreadful
Shower
of
Stones
,
to
break
or
stop
this
Machin
,
which
,
crossing
this
furious
Tempest
,
sailed
directly
to
the
North
side
of
the
Tower
,
which
lies
to
Seaward
,
not
being
able
,
by
reason
of
the
scantness
of
the
Water
,
to
get
these
heavy
Ships
into
the
Western
Chanal
,
between
the
Tower
and
the
Bank
that
lies
against
the
Town
.
All
the
which
Army
was
placed
,
partly
upon
the
Decks
of
the
Ships
as
they
lay
at
Anchor
,
and
partly
drawn
up
upon
the
rising
Grounds
,
nearest
the
Enemy
,
stood
there
to
encourage
the
Assailants
,
and
to
be
Spectators
and
Witnesses
of
the
brave
Actions
which
were
to
be
performed
in
a
Combat
of
so
extraordinary
a
nature
.
So
soon
as
the
Anchors
were
dropt
on
all
sides
of
the
great
Machin
to
keep
it
immovable
in
the
distance
,
which
was
necessary
for
the
lower
Bridges
and
the
great
Ladder
which
hung
upon
the
Platform
,
to
reach
to
the
Walls
of
the
Tower
,
those
who
were
in
the
Wooden
Castle
,
gave
a
most
furious
discharge
of
Darts
,
and
Arrows
,
from
that
high
place
downward
upon
the
Enemies
,
who
defended
the
Tower
;
at
the
same
time
some
fastned
the
Bridges
to
the
Walls
,
whilest
others
threw
themselves
upon
them
with
a
most
Heroick
Courage
and
without
thinking
of
the
Dangers
,
which
threatned
them
in
such
different
manners
,
some
marched
to
the
foot
of
the
Tower
to
endeavour
a
Breach
with
the
Force
of
Pick-Axes
and
other
Instruments
,
whilest
those
above
ran
with
their
Swords
in
their
hands
,
directly
against
the
Sarasins
,
who
defended
the
Walls
,
whilest
at
the
same
time
all
the
Engines
of
the
City
played
upon
the
Assailants
,
and
threw
their
Wild-fire
by
the
long
brazen
Conduits
,
from
the
Tower
against
the
Castle
,
the
Platform
and
the
Bridges
,
which
began
every
where
to
take
sire
;
but
there
being
great
Provision
made
of
Sand
and
Vinegar
,
the
Infallible
Cure
of
this
evil
,
otherwise
irremediable
,
it
was
soon
extinguished
in
all
places
,
except
the
end
of
the
Draw-Bridge
Ladder
,
which
had
like
to
have
occasioned
the
loss
of
all
in
a
Moment
.
For
the
Soldiers
running
violently
to
put
out
the
fire
,
the
Bridge
had
like
to
have
been
quite
overthown
by
the
Crowd
,
that
was
upon
it
;
insomuch
that
by
its
leaning
all
upon
one
side
,
he
who
carried
the
Banner
of
the
Duke
of
Austria
,
was
overthrown
into
the
Nile
,
and
the
Sarasins
who
were
about
him
,
as
he
fell
from
the
end
of
the
Bridge
,
snatched
the
Colours
from
him
.
Thereupon
the
Barbarians
gave
a
mighty
Shout
,
as
it
were
to
celebrate
their
Victory
,
which
they
now
held
most
certain
.
The
Patriarch
,
who
lay
prostrate
before
the
Cross
and
the
Clergy
,
round
about
it
,
sent
forth
a
greater
to
implore
the
Succour
of
Heaven
,
and
the
Army
,
which
was
upon
the
Hills
,
and
perceived
this
Fall
,
fell
upon
the
Ground
,
humbling
themselves
before
God
,
and
joyning
their
Tears
and
Prayers
to
those
of
the
Patriarch
and
the
Bishops
,
they
made
all
resound
with
their
piteous
Cries
,
which
pierced
the
Heavens
from
which
they
desired
Mercy
and
Help
.
Nor
was
it
long
before
,
so
many
fervent
Prayers
obtained
it
,
the
fire
was
presently
extinguished
,
the
Bridge
which
hung
all
upon
one
side
,
was
set
right
and
sixed
,
and
the
Assailants
,
without
giving
the
Enemy
the
Leisure
to
make
a
new
Attempt
upon
the
Machin
,
pressed
up
to
the
Walls
,
and
pushing
forward
with
their
Bucklers
in
one
hand
,
and
charging
with
the
Scimiter
in
the
other
,
they
loaded
the
Sarasins
with
such
heavy
Blows
,
with
those
,
and
the
Battle
Axes
,
and
Iron
Maces
,
and
pierced
them
with
the
Points
of
the
half
Pikes
and
Javelins
,
so
that
they
forced
them
to
recoil
;
then
a
brave
Liegeois
,
who
was
advanced
foremost
,
immediately
leaped
into
the
Tower
,
and
was
at
the
same
time
seconded
by
a
young
Frieslander
,
who
throwing
himself
into
the
middle
of
the
Sarasins
with
a
flail
,
the
swipple
of
which
was
tied
to
the
handle
by
little
Chains
,
and
which
he
handled
in
such
an
admirable
manner
;
that
whisking
it
round
about
with
mighty
Force
,
Swiftness
,
and
without
ceasing
,
he
so
thrashed
the
Infidels
breaking
Skulls
and
Arms
,
and
in
a
few
moments
overthrowing
all
that
came
within
the
reach
of
his
formidable
Instrument
,
against
which
,
year
1218
according
to
the
Proverb
,
There
was
no
fence
,
that
the
rest
fled
to
the
lower
part
of
the
Tower
,
and
left
the
upper
part
to
the
Conquerors
,
who
presently
seized
it
,
and
planted
the
Victorious
Ensign
of
the
Cross
in
their
Standards
upon
its
Battlements
.
The
Sarasins
still
made
some
resistance
,
by
setting
fire
to
the
planchards
,
thereby
to
stop
those
who
pursued
them
and
the
Victory
;
but
perceiving
,
that
during
the
Combat
,
those
below
had
opened
a
breach
in
the
Wall
,
and
were
now
ready
to
enter
at
it
,
they
called
for
quarter
,
and
yielded
themselves
to
the
Duke
of
Austria
,
who
generously
gave
them
their
lives
.
Besides
those
who
were
slain
in
this
furious
Assault
,
which
lasted
from
nine
of
the
Clock
in
the
morning
till
the
next
day
at
noon
,
and
those
who
in
the
Night
endeavoured
to
make
their
escape
by
the
Windows
,
whereof
some
where
drowned
and
others
slain
by
those
who
in
the
Ship
accompanied
the
Machin
,
there
were
about
one
hundred
,
who
were
taken
in
the
Tower
and
made
Slaves
.
So
soon
as
the
Tower
was
taken
the
Christrians
unlocked
the
Chain
,
which
shut
up
the
great
Chanal
,
and
all
the
Fleet
had
Liberty
to
enter
and
to
attack
the
City
upon
the
side
of
the
Water
.
The
news
of
this
loss
touched
Saphadin
so
nearly
,
that
in
a
few
days
after
,
while
he
was
making
Preparation
to
come
to
the
relief
of
Damiata
,
he
died
of
Grief
in
his
Palace
at
Caire
.
He
was
a
Prince
who
yielded
nothing
to
his
Brother
,
the
great
Saladin
,
either
in
good
or
ill
Qualities
.
For
if
his
ambition
had
made
him
usurp
the
Kingdoms
of
the
East
,
by
the
Murder
of
his
Nephews
,
as
Saladin
had
seized
upon
that
of
Egypt
by
the
Murder
of
the
last
Caliph
,
he
had
also
as
much
Courage
,
Valour
,
Address
and
good
Fortune
,
to
maintain
himself
in
them
,
as
had
that
great
Conqueror
,
who
made
himself
Master
of
them
and
possessed
them
till
his
death
.
He
had
also
this
advantage
above
him
,
that
during
his
life
,
he
divided
his
Empire
among
six
of
his
Sons
,
nine
others
,
which
he
had
,
satisfying
themselves
without
Jealousie
with
the
Revenues
,
which
he
assigned
them
for
their
subssistance
;
they
also
rendred
him
continually
a
perfect
Obedience
,
and
a
respect
approaching
even
to
Adoration
:
for
this
Prince
,
who
was
extreme
politick
,
and
throughly
acquainted
with
the
Genius
of
the
Orientals
,
born
to
Servitude
,
maintained
so
great
a
Majesty
,
that
unless
it
were
when
he
went
to
the
Wars
,
and
that
he
appeared
at
the
head
of
his
Army
,
and
that
in
the
greatest
Pomp
imaginable
,
he
was
never
seen
in
publick
but
six
times
in
the
Year
,
and
then
with
more
terror
than
joy
to
his
Subjects
,
who
durst
not
look
upon
him
but
in
the
Posture
of
prostration
,
upon
their
Bellies
with
their
Faces
to
the
Earth
.
He
left
Egypt
and
Grand
Caire
,
the
Capital
City
of
his
Empire
,
to
Meledin
,
his
eldest
Son
,
with
Soveraign
Authority
over
all
his
Brothers
,
who
held
their
Dominions
of
him
.
Coradin
the
second
,
and
he
,
of
his
five
other
Sons
,
who
most
resembled
him
,
both
in
Valour
and
Ambition
,
Anger
and
Cruelty
,
had
the
Realms
of
Palestine
and
Damascus
;
and
for
the
other
Provinces
of
the
Higher
Asia
,
they
were
divided
among
the
other
four
of
his
Sons
,
whom
he
made
his
Successors
in
his
Dominions
.
The
new
Sultan
Meledin
,
who
was
nothing
so
great
a
Soldier
as
his
Father
,
and
who
was
of
an
humour
sweet
enough
and
pacifick
for
a
Sarasin
,
nevertheless
did
not
fail
,
with
a
great
deal
of
Care
,
to
make
the
Preparations
,
which
Saphadin
had
begun
for
the
relief
of
the
besieged
;
Coradin
also
his
Brother
,
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
with
whom
during
this
War
,
he
always
acted
by
concert
,
and
who
understood
it
far
better
than
himself
,
prepared
on
his
side
a
puissant
Army
and
demolished
most
of
the
Garrisons
in
Palestine
,
and
,
among
the
rest
,
the
Fortress
of
Thabor
,
to
reinforce
those
Garrisons
,
which
he
still
kept
there
.
As
for
the
Christians
,
they
did
not
make
that
use
of
their
Victory
,
which
they
ought
to
have
done
in
vigorously
pressing
the
Siege
;
but
as
if
after
this
great
Success
,
they
could
not
fail
of
Victory
,
they
suffered
a
great
deal
of
time
to
slip
away
,
without
enterprizing
any
new
thing
,
against
the
besieged
,
taking
unseasonably
that
repose
,
which
they
ought
to
have
deferred
till
after
their
Conquest
.
There
were
also
divers
,
who
by
a
base
desertion
,
contrary
to
their
Vow
,
reimbarked
themselves
to
return
into
Europe
,
notwithstanding
all
the
Prohibitions
,
which
the
Patriarch
could
make
,
and
all
the
threatnings
of
the
Judgments
of
God
,
by
which
he
endeavoured
,
tho
to
little
purpose
,
to
stay
them
.
But
they
were
not
without
Effect
,
year
1218
and
indeed
a
dismal
event
it
was
for
them
.
For
six
thousand
of
these
Deserters
,
who
followed
Hervey
de
Leon
,
a
Gentleman
of
the
lower
Bretany
,
the
death
of
whose
Brother
made
him
return
into
France
to
seize
upon
his
Estate
,
having
been
a
long
time
tossed
with
a
furious
Tempest
near
the
Coasts
of
Italy
,
perished
by
a
miserable
Shipwrack
in
View
of
the
very
Port
of
Brindes
,
not
above
fourscore
of
these
miserable
men
being
saved
upon
the
broken
Planks
.
A
Party
also
of
Frieselanders
,
who
hitherto
had
so
well
behaved
themselves
,
having
abandoned
their
Companions
,
were
no
sooner
returned
into
Frieseland
but
they
were
miserably
swallowed
up
by
the
Sea
,
which
having
this
Year
broken
the
Banks
and
passed
all
the
Bounds
,
overflowed
all
the
Country
with
such
a
fearful
deluge
,
that
above
a
hundred
thousand
Persons
were
swallowed
up
of
the
merciless
Waves
.
But
nevertheless
the
loss
,
which
the
Christian
Army
suffered
by
this
desertion
,
was
quickly
repaired
by
the
Arrival
of
diverse
Troops
of
Crusades
,
who
being
excited
by
the
Letters
,
which
Pope
Honorius
had
writ
continually
to
all
the
Princes
of
Europe
,
arrived
one
after
another
during
all
the
Autumm
.
The
Cardinal
d'
Alban●
,
the
Popes
Legate
for
the
Holy
War
,
arrived
with
the
first
,
accompanied
with
a
fair
Troop
of
the
Nobility
of
Rome
,
whom
the
Pope
,
who
was
himself
of
the
first
of
those
orders
,
had
obliged
to
take
upon
them
the
Cross
,
that
so
they
might
draw
others
by
their
Example
.
There
came
also
from
Germany
,
the
Low
Countries
,
Venice
,
Genoa
,
and
Pisa
,
and
many
from
France
,
who
inbarked
at
Genoa
,
with
Robert
de
Corceone
,
an
English
man
,
Cardinal
of
St.
Stephen
upon
Mount-Coelius
,
whom
the
Pope
ordered
to
accompany
them
in
this
Voyage
.
The
most
signal
of
those
,
who
with
the
consent
of
Philip
the
August
,
went
from
France
,
were
the
Counts
Hervey
de
Nevers
,
Hugh
de
la
Marche
,
Miles
de
Barr
,
upon
the
Seine
with
his
Sons
,
and
the
Lords
,
John
d'
Artois
,
Ponce
de
Grancey
,
Ithier
de
Tacy
,
Savary
de
Mauleon
;
and
among
the
Prelates
,
William
Arch-Bishop
of
Bourdeaux
,
William
de
Beaumont
,
Bishop
of
Angers
,
Gautier
Bishop
of
Autun
,
Miles
de
Chastillon
de
Nantueil
,
Bishop
Elect
of
Beauvais
,
with
Andrew
his
Brother
,
and
Peter
de
Nemours
,
Bishop
of
Paris
,
the
Son
of
Gautier
great
Chamberlain
of
France
,
and
Brother
to
the
Bishop
of
Meaux
and
Noyon
.
This
good
Prelate
,
after
he
had
for
ten
years
governed
with
great
Wisdom
the
Church
of
the
Capital
City
of
the
Realm
,
where
he
took
great
care
to
maintain
the
Purity
of
the
Faith
against
the
Errors
of
Amauri
of
Chartres
,
which
he
caused
to
be
condemned
,
resolved
also
to
signalise
his
Zeal
against
the
Infidels
,
by
taking
upon
him
the
Cross
,
with
which
he
gloriously
consummated
that
kind
of
Martyrdom
at
Damiata
,
where
he
died
after
the
taking
of
the
City
.
Prince
Oliver
also
,
the
Son
of
Henry
the
third
,
King
of
England
,
came
by
the
same
passage
in
September
,
with
the
Earls
of
Chester
,
Winchester
,
and
Arundel
,
and
William
de
Harcourt
accompanied
with
a
Gallant
Troop
of
English
,
who
had
devoted
themselves
to
the
Holy
War
.
The
Legate
being
arrived
with
so
considerable
a
Succour
,
presented
to
the
King
of
Jerusalem
,
the
Duke
of
Austria
,
and
the
other
Princes
,
the
Letters
by
which
the
Pope
,
after
having
extremely
commended
the
Cardinal
,
informed
them
,
that
he
had
sent
him
principally
to
create
and
preserve
a
perfect
Union
in
the
Army
,
and
to
animate
them
to
do
well
by
going
before
them
,
not
with
the
Pomp
and
Majesty
of
a
Prince
to
command
,
but
with
that
humility
worthy
of
Jesus
Christ
,
whom
he
represented
,
and
for
whose
Cause
the
Crusades
in
taking
up
his
Cross
had
obliged
themselves
to
combat
.
But
it
must
be
avowed
,
that
this
good
Prelate
,
did
very
ill
acquit
himself
of
his
Charge
,
and
acted
directly
contrary
to
the
Intentions
of
the
Pope
,
and
the
good
Instructions
which
he
had
given
him
.
For
at
the
first
Conference
,
which
he
had
with
King
John
de
Brienne
,
to
whom
all
the
Chief
of
the
Crusades
yielded
Obedience
,
he
told
him
plainly
and
without
a
Complement
,
that
he
was
resolved
to
command
the
Army
,
alledging
for
his
reason
,
that
the
Church
having
commanded
the
Crusade
,
and
that
the
Crusades
,
who
were
come
to
the
relief
of
the
Holy
Land
,
were
not
Subjects
of
the
King
of
Jerusalem
,
but
depended
upon
the
Church
,
by
the
Authority
whereof
they
had
taken
upon
them
the
Cross
.
The
King
was
extremely
surprized
with
such
a
foolish
Proposition
,
which
he
had
so
little
expected
;
but
as
he
was
very
discreet
,
he
did
not
declare
it
,
lest
he
should
be
obliged
openly
to
break
with
a
man
,
whose
Ambition
,
year
1218
which
keeps
no
measures
,
especially
when
it
is
supported
by
a
great
name
,
might
carry
him
to
dangerous
Extremities
,
in
abusing
a
Power
and
Authority
,
which
Jesus
Christ
hath
not
given
to
the
Church
,
but
for
the
spiritual
Kingdom
,
which
is
not
of
this
World
,
as
he
himself
assures
us
,
and
hath
nothing
to
do
with
the
Temporal
.
On
the
other
side
,
notwithstanding
this
,
as
this
Prince
had
a
great
Soul
,
he
was
resolved
to
do
nothing
to
stain
his
Honour
,
or
to
lessen
the
August
Character
of
Royalty
,
which
he
was
resolved
to
support
,
with
the
utmost
Vigour
,
against
all
that
should
enterprize
any
thing
against
it
.
He
therefore
kept
fair
with
the
Legate
,
he
made
no
direct
answer
to
any
thing
which
he
said
,
but
would
turn
the
discourse
to
some
other
Subject
,
always
treating
him
with
extraordinary
Civility
;
but
in
the
same
time
he
continued
more
positively
than
ever
to
give
out
his
Orders
independant
of
any
other
Person
,
and
caused
them
to
be
exactly
obeyed
,
and
acted
in
all
things
so
like
an
absolute
Master
and
a
King
,
that
the
good
Legate
at
last
perceived
that
he
had
to
do
with
a
Prince
,
who
in
rendring
to
God
with
a
profound
Veneration
,
that
which
was
due
to
him
,
knew
also
continually
how
to
maintain
the
Rights
that
appertained
to
Caesar
.
This
nevertheless
did
not
fail
to
occasion
some
Trouble
in
the
Army
,
by
dividing
the
principal
Officers
;
for
those
who
found
themselves
any
ways
dissatisfied
with
the
King
,
inclined
always
to
the
Legate
,
and
he
finding
himself
able
to
do
nothing
more
,
usually
came
to
the
Council
only
to
give
his
Opinion
in
contradiction
to
the
King
.
But
at
length
the
Arrival
of
the
Sultan
Meledin
,
who
came
down
the
Nile
to
Damiata
,
with
a
potent
Army
,
before
the
Christians
had
passed
the
River
to
besiege
the
City
by
Land
,
obliged
all
the
Commanders
to
re-unite
,
and
recover
the
time
which
they
had
wasted
and
lost
by
an
extreme
Negligence
,
and
seriously
to
dispose
themselves
to
Combat
the
Enemy
.
After
some
light
Skirmishes
,
wherein
the
Sarasins
were
constantly
beaten
,
upon
the
thirtieth
of
November
there
arose
such
a
furious
Tempest
,
that
the
Sea
repelling
the
Waters
of
the
Nile
,
and
breaking
over
all
the
Banks
,
the
whole
Army
had
like
to
have
perished
by
the
Inundation
;
many
of
the
Ships
were
driven
ashoar
and
beaten
in
pieces
,
and
four
great
Vessels
,
upon
which
there
were
Castles
built
in
order
to
attack
the
City
,
were
driven
by
the
Wind
and
the
Waves
,
against
the
Towers
and
the
Walls
,
where
they
were
unfortunately
Consumed
by
the
Wildfire
which
the
Besieged
with
ease
threw
into
them
,
in
the
sight
of
the
Christians
,
who
during
that
dreadful
Storm
were
not
able
to
Relieve
them
.
Several
Knights
of
the
Temple
,
who
were
in
another
great
Ship
,
which
the
Tempest
had
also
forced
to
the
Shoar
near
the
City
,
seeing
,
after
they
had
fought
most
valiantly
for
a
long
time
,
that
it
was
impossible
to
resist
the
infinite
number
of
the
Sarasins
,
who
having
on
all
sides
surrounded
them
,
and
making
themselves
Masters
of
the
Vessel
,
threw
themselves
in
Shoals
upon
her
,
they
imitated
Samson
,
and
resolved
to
bury
themselves
together
with
their
Enemies
;
for
boreing
Holes
in
the
Ship
,
they
let
in
the
Water
so
fast
,
that
during
the
Combat
she
sunk
in
a
Moment
to
the
Bottom
,
nothing
but
the
top
of
the
main
Mast
appearing
above
the
Water
.
And
certainly
all
had
been
lost
,
if
God
in
Mercy
had
not
been
intreated
by
the
incessant
Prayers
and
Tears
of
the
Bishops
,
who
continued
Night
and
Day
in
Prayers
to
implore
his
Pity
and
Compassion
,
and
that
upon
the
third
day
he
was
pleased
to
cause
the
Tempest
to
cease
,
so
that
the
River
returned
to
its
Chanal
,
and
the
Waters
again
came
to
their
old
Course
,
to
run
within
their
Banks
.
As
soon
as
the
Tempest
was
over
,
the
Army
,
which
had
saved
themselves
by
getting
upon
the
higher
Grounds
,
returned
to
their
Camp
,
and
some
time
after
,
ten
Soldiers
,
Friselanders
and
Germans
,
performed
an
Action
so
Heroick
,
as
astonished
both
the
Sarasins
and
Christians
,
who
were
equally
the
Spectators
and
Admirers
of
it
.
For
the
Enemy
having
repaired
their
Bridge
of
Boats
,
which
hindred
the
Ships
from
passing
up
the
River
to
the
Place
where
the
Army
was
resolved
to
pass
the
Nile
;
these
ten
brave
resolute
Men
,
having
put
themselves
into
two
Shallops
,
undertook
to
gain
it
and
break
the
Bridge
.
They
set
upon
it
then
in
open
day
,
and
mounting
it
,
chased
those
who
defended
it
,
with
dreadful
Blows
of
the
Sword
,
from
their
Posts
,
and
having
made
themselves
Masters
of
it
,
whilest
some
of
them
fought
at
the
Entrance
of
the
Bridge
to
defend
it
against
all
the
Forces
of
the
City
,
year
1218
as
sometimes
the
famous
Horatius
Cocles
had
done
at
Rome
,
opposing
the
whole
Army
of
Porsenna
upon
a
Bridge
of
the
Tiber
;
others
of
them
broak
this
Bridge
of
Boats
,
and
in
despight
of
the
fearful
Tempest
of
Stones
,
Darts
,
and
Wildfire
,
which
were
showred
upon
them
from
the
Ramparts
and
Towers
of
the
City
,
they
brought
off
diverse
of
the
Boats
which
composed
the
Bridge
,
as
it
were
in
Triumph
,
to
their
Companions
,
who
with
the
loud
noise
of
Drums
,
Trumpets
,
and
Acclamations
,
celebrated
the
Praises
of
their
Victory
,
and
an
Action
which
well
deserves
to
be
consecrated
to
their
eternal
Glory
and
the
Knowledge
of
Posterity
by
immortal
History
.
So
that
this
Obstacle
being
removed
all
the
Ships
sailed
up
above
the
City
,
year
1219
and
the
Engines
being
sitted
for
the
Combat
,
the
Resolution
was
taken
to
pass
to
the
other
side
of
the
River
,
and
Land
in
the
sight
of
the
Sultan
,
who
had
fortified
all
the
Bank
with
good
Retrenchments
,
behind
which
his
Army
was
drawn
up
in
Battalia
in
the
great
Lines
,
which
being
ranged
upon
a
rising
Ground
like
a
kind
of
Amphitheatre
,
gave
them
the
Opportunity
of
discharging
all
their
Arrows
and
Darts
together
upon
the
Enemy
,
without
being
in
danger
of
hurting
one
another
.
And
in
truth
it
did
not
only
seem
a
most
temerarious
Action
to
attempt
a
Passage
so
well
defended
,
but
wholly
impossible
to
succeed
.
But
God
was
pleased
in
an
instant
to
open
it
,
against
all
Appearance
,
by
one
of
the
most
extraordinary
Events
imaginable
,
and
which
could
not
reasonably
be
attributed
to
any
thing
besides
that
Providence
,
which
he
hath
for
those
whom
he
hath
taken
into
his
Protection
.
For
the
same
Night
,
which
was
the
fourth
,
or
fifth
of
February
,
and
that
all
things
were
disposed
to
adventure
the
Passage
the
Morrow
of
the
following
Day
,
the
Sultan
Meledin
with
his
Emirs
,
and
the
principal
Commanders
of
the
Army
,
leaving
in
his
Camp
the
most
resolute
of
his
Troops
to
receive
the
Enemy
,
not
doubting
but
they
would
be
able
to
do
it
,
he
posted
with
full
speed
towards
Caire
,
as
if
he
had
been
pursued
by
a
victorious
Army
after
a
mighty
Overthrow
;
nor
could
there
ever
be
assigned
any
Reason
for
this
precipitate
Flight
,
but
that
sort
of
Terror
which
God
sometimes
fills
the
Hearts
of
those
withal
,
whom
he
will
punish
,
and
of
which
we
find
frequent
Examples
in
the
Holy
Scriptures
.
A
Christian
Renegade
,
who
had
for
a
long
time
served
the
Sultan
,
and
who
was
big
with
the
Desire
of
being
the
first
Discoverer
of
a
thing
so
astonishing
,
came
running
to
the
Bank
of
the
Nile
,
and
called
aloud
in
French
,
that
they
should
pass
over
immediately
,
for
that
the
Sultan
had
forsaken
his
Men
and
was
fled
;
desiring
them
presently
to
send
a
Skiff
,
as
they
did
,
to
take
him
in
,
that
so
they
might
be
the
better
assured
of
what
he
told
them
.
In
this
time
the
Army
of
the
Sarasins
seeing
themselves
abandoned
by
the
Sultan
,
believing
themselves
betrayed
,
they
disbanded
,
and
presently
fled
after
him
in
the
greatest
Fear
and
Disorder
.
So
that
the
Christians
ravished
to
see
such
a
visible
Effect
of
the
divine
Protection
,
passed
the
River
without
Resistance
;
but
not
altogether
without
Difficulty
,
in
regard
that
the
Banks
of
the
Nile
were
so
Muddy
and
Slimy
on
that
side
,
that
the
Horses
,
whom
they
led
by
the
Bridles
,
being
up
to
the
Saddle
Skirts
in
the
Quick-Sands
and
Quagmires
,
did
not
gain
the
Bank
without
extreme
Trouble
;
which
made
it
clearly
appear
that
if
there
had
been
but
a
few
Defendants
,
it
had
been
almost
impossible
to
have
forced
it
.
As
soon
as
all
the
Army
was
passed
over
,
they
entred
into
the
Camp
of
the
Sarasins
,
which
they
plundred
,
and
then
they
took
up
their
Quarters
about
the
City
,
which
was
invironed
with
good
Lines
,
and
a
great
Ditch
,
which
was
drawn
from
one
Part
to
the
other
,
to
the
River
Nile
,
upon
which
they
built
a
Bridge
of
Boats
,
that
so
they
might
have
a
Communication
with
those
who
were
incamped
on
the
other
side
the
River
to
guard
the
Ships
upon
which
the
Attack
was
to
be
made
upon
the
side
next
the
Water
.
There
was
necessity
however
of
making
use
of
all
manner
of
Precautions
;
for
as
the
City
was
extreme
strong
,
so
there
were
in
it
fourty
thousand
Men
who
were
resolved
to
make
a
brave
Defence
;
it
was
also
Winter
,
and
many
Diseases
,
especially
the
Scurvy
,
raged
among
the
Soldiers
,
and
many
died
of
them
.
The
Siege
was
like
to
prove
long
,
so
that
the
Enemies
had
leisure
to
come
to
the
Relief
of
the
Besieged
,
with
potent
Armies
.
The
first
that
appeared
was
Coradin
,
who
after
he
had
gathered
all
the
Troops
that
he
possibly
could
in
Syria
,
year
1219
to
which
he
joined
all
that
could
be
drawn
of
the
dismantled
Garrisons
he
marched
directly
to
Jerusalem
,
and
before
he
passed
further
he
set
on
all
hands
to
work
to
demolish
that
Holy
City
,
which
then
was
held
to
be
Impregnable
;
he
●ased
the
Walls
and
all
the
Towers
to
the
very
Foundations
,
the
Tower
of
David
only
excepted
,
which
could
not
defend
it self
singly
,
and
in
short
reduced
that
strong
and
famous
City
to
the
condition
of
a
miserably
Village
;
either
that
thereby
he
might
strengthen
his
Army
by
the
Troops
,
which
otherwise
he
must
be
obliged
to
leave
for
the
defence
of
so
strong
a
Garrison
;
or
possibly
that
he
feared
that
the
Christian
Army
,
after
they
had
taken
Damiata
,
would
enter
victorious
into
Palestine
,
and
take
that
City
,
which
he
knew
to
be
the
end
of
their
Enterprise
,
and
the
occasion
of
all
the
Crusades
,
which
had
been
made
in
Europe
.
This
being
done
he
marched
directly
to
Damiata
;
and
as
his
Army
was
far
more
numerous
than
that
of
the
Christians
,
which
wasted
every
day
,
and
also
that
he
had
seized
upon
certain
very
advantageous
Posts
,
by
the
negligence
of
those
who
ought
to
have
defended
them
,
the
besiegers
found
themselves
in
a
manner
as
straitly
besieged
by
his
Army
as
Damiata
was
by
theirs
;
and
that
they
were
more
easily
and
dangerously
to
be
attacked
themselves
,
than
they
could
attack
the
City
,
their
retrenchments
being
nothing
so
terrible
or
strong
as
the
Treble
Wall
with
which
the
City
was
surrounded
.
And
in
truth
Coradin
,
who
was
a
brave
,
and
a
great
Captain
,
attempted
the
lines
three
several
times
with
all
the
Vigour
imaginable
,
and
particularly
upon
Palm
Sunday
,
having
made
himself
Master
of
the
Bridge
,
which
joined
the
two
Camps
,
he
had
forced
them
on
that
side
,
if
the
brave
Duke
of
Austria
,
who
with
the
Germans
and
Templers
came
rushing
in
upon
him
,
had
not
chocked
his
Success
,
and
at
last
repulsed
him
after
a
most
obstinate
Combat
,
maintained
from
morning
till
it
was
high
noon
.
This
was
the
last
of
those
fair
actions
which
that
gallant
Duke
performed
in
this
Crusade
,
for
having
on
one
side
accomplished
his
vow
,
having
staid
in
the
Levant
above
six
Months
longer
than
the
time
of
Service
which
he
had
only
vowed
for
a
year
;
and
on
the
other
side
his
own
Affairs
recalling
him
into
his
Dominions
he
took
Sea
in
the
Spring
;
and
this
example
was
quickly
followed
by
a
great
number
of
Crusades
,
who
wearied
with
the
length
,
and
the
inconveniences
of
the
Siege
returned
into
Europe
.
So
that
the
Army
being
extremely
weakned
by
this
retreat
,
and
the
diseases
,
ran
the
Fortune
of
being
at
last
forced
in
their
retrenchments
,
if
the
great
Succours
of
new
Crusades
of
all
Nations
,
whom
the
Pope
pressed
continually
to
part
from
all
the
Ports
of
Italy
,
had
not
come
most
seasonable
in
the
very
nick
of
time
with
great
plenty
of
all
manner
of
refreshments
in
abundance
,
of
which
the
besiegers
stood
in
great
want
.
And
certainly
the
arrival
of
these
recruits
was
no
more
than
necessary
;
for
shortly
after
,
Meledin
having
recovered
his
courage
out
of
the
Swound
into
which
it
had
fallen
,
raised
an
Army
more
numerous
than
the
first
,
and
marched
to
join
his
Brother
Coradin
,
that
so
with
their
joint
forces
they
might
make
one
great
attempt
for
all
upon
the
Camp
of
the
Christians
,
which
they
believed
was
then
in
no
condition
of
resisting
them
;
so
soon
therefore
as
the
necessary
time
to
make
all
the
Preparations
for
so
great
an
Action
was
over
,
these
two
great
Armies
of
Sarasins
,
having
ranged
themselves
in
Battalia
,
early
in
the
morning
upon
the
last
day
of
July
,
presented
themselves
in
good
order
before
the
Lines
,
and
made
four
or
five
several
attacks
,
thereby
to
divide
the
forces
of
the
Christians
,
which
notwithstanding
their
recruits
,
were
not
by
far
so
numerous
as
theirs
.
It
was
fought
with
incredible
heat
and
Fury
on
the
one
side
,
and
the
other
;
the
Sarasins
animated
by
the
presence
of
their
Sultans
and
the
certain
hope
they
had
conceived
,
that
they
should
that
day
deliver
the
besieged
City
:
the
Christians
by
the
fatal
necessity
to
which
they
were
reduced
,
either
to
repulse
the
Enemy
,
or
to
be
all
cut
in
pieces
,
their
camp
being
shut
up
,
between
two
mighty
Armies
,
an
Enemies
City
,
and
a
great
River
,
over
which
it
was
impossible
for
them
to
escape
.
In
this
time
,
those
who
attacked
the
quarter
of
the
Knights
Templers
,
made
such
a
vigorous
impression
,
and
returned
so
often
to
the
Assault
,
that
they
forced
the
Lines
on
that
side
,
entered
the
Camp
,
charged
furiously
upon
the
Infantry
,
whom
the
Knights
had
posted
for
the
defence
of
that
place
,
and
pressed
so
stoutly
upon
them
,
that
at
length
they
put
them
to
slight
,
and
pursued
their
point
so
briskly
,
being
followed
by
their
reserves
,
who
came
crouding
after
them
into
the
lines
,
that
the
intire
ruin
of
the
Army
seemed
inevitable
,
when
the
French
and
English
arriving
in
good
time
with
their
Swords
in
their
hands
,
year
1219
made
these
fierce
Enemies
stop
short
in
their
carreer
,
and
again
turned
the
Face
of
the
Combat
.
For
being
all
Fresh
men
,
and
desirous
above
all
things
to
signalize
their
Courage
by
some
gallant
action
,
they
charged
the
Enemy
according
to
their
manner
,
with
so
much
fury
that
they
forced
them
to
recoil
,
and
beat
them
back
again
to
the
Lines
,
where
the
Sarasins
finding
themselves
sustained
by
those
without
,
who
continually
mounted
over
the
Works
,
they
also
took
their
turn
and
as
they
had
been
themselves
beaten
back
,
so
now
they
made
the
French
retreat
.
But
in
a
minute
after
,
the
shame
and
madness
,
which
they
had
to
be
thus
bassed
,
redoubling
their
Courage
and
their
Strength
,
they
came
up
to
the
Charge
again
,
and
three
several
times
fell
upon
the
Enemy
with
such
irresistable
Valour
,
that
being
unable
to
sustain
their
Fury
,
they
tumbled
over
the
Lines
and
into
the
ditch
;
when
at
the
same
time
those
of
the
City
making
a
notably
Sally
,
by
setting
fire
to
the
Machins
,
which
put
the
Christians
into
great
fear
and
disorder
,
gave
them
the
opportunity
of
regaining
their
advantage
.
Thereupon
the
great
Master
of
the
Temple
,
and
the
other
of
the
Knights
of
the
Teutonick
Order
,
who
hasted
to
their
relief
,
observing
that
the
Sarasins
,
who
believed
themselves
assured
of
the
Victory
,
advanced
with
precipitation
and
disorder
,
shouting
for
Joy
as
they
ran
to
the
Charge
,
they
marched
to
charge
them
in
the
Flanks
on
both
sides
,
whilest
the
French
who
now
took
new
Courage
by
the
sight
of
these
Succours
attacked
them
in
the
Front
;
so
that
being
beset
on
three
sides
by
so
many
Valiant
men
,
whom
the
danger
of
losing
all
had
rendred
furious
,
they
were
almost
all
cut
in
pieces
,
and
those
who
followed
them
were
chased
over
the
Lines
and
the
Ditch
,
which
was
almost
filled
up
with
the
heaps
of
the
slain
.
After
which
the
Army
falling
upon
those
of
the
Town
who
had
made
the
Sally
,
they
were
presently
repulsed
with
a
most
dreadful
Slaughter
,
though
notwithstanding
they
had
first
destroyed
a
great
number
of
Machins
by
setting
them
on
fire
,
which
could
not
in
that
great
Confusion
be
suddainly
quenched
.
Thus
ended
this
great
Battle
which
lasted
from
morning
until
night
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
Venetians
,
the
Pisans
and
Genoese
,
who
were
wholly
managed
by
the
Legate
,
were
not
much
more
fortunate
in
their
Enterprise
,
and
though
they
had
assured
him
the
Success
was
infallible
,
yet
they
happened
to
be
mistaken
;
for
all
the
new
Machins
,
which
they
had
built
upon
four
great
Ships
,
were
in
several
Assaults
,
which
they
gave
to
little
purpose
,
either
broken
by
the
Engines
of
the
Town
,
or
burnt
by
the
Greek
Wildfire
,
from
which
they
were
never
able
to
secure
them
.
But
the
greatest
of
all
the
evils
,
which
the
Besiegers
suffered
,
was
the
division
which
happened
between
the
Infantry
and
Cavalry
,
which
had
like
in
one
day
to
have
ruined
the
whole
Army
.
For
the
Cavalry
in
those
times
was
in
a
manner
wholly
composed
of
Gentlemen
,
who
loved
their
ease
and
pleasure
so
much
that
they
left
the
Foot
to
all
the
hard
duty
,
and
exempted
themselves
from
it
.
The
Foot
,
who
believed
themselves
undervalued
,
loudly
murmured
against
them
,
reproaching
them
with
want
of
Courage
,
and
accusing
them
of
leaving
them
to
shift
for
themselves
in
the
most
dangerous
combats
.
On
the
contrary
,
the
Cavalry
maintained
the
quite
contrary
,
saying
,
the
Foot
did
nothing
at
all
,
as
appeared
plainly
in
the
last
Battle
within
the
Lines
,
where
the
Infantry
proved
themselves
good
Footman
in
running
for
it
,
and
that
all
had
been
infallibly
lost
,
if
the
Cavalry
had
not
spurred
up
to
their
assistance
,
and
almost
alone
repulsed
the
Enemies
.
So
that
by
the
most
foolish
and
strange
adventure
that
ever
was
seen
in
an
Army
,
both
Horse
and
Foot
,
that
they
might
manifest
who
had
the
greatest
Courage
and
most
Valour
,
compelled
the
King
to
lead
them
against
the
Enemy
and
oblige
them
to
a
Battle
.
It
was
then
that
St.
Francis
of
Assise
,
who
by
the
earnest
desire
which
he
had
to
gain
the
Crown
of
Martyrdom
,
by
preaching
the
Faith
to
the
Infidels
,
was
come
to
the
Camp
at
Damiata
;
and
contrary
to
his
custom
,
in
medling
with
matters
,
which
were
not
religious
or
agreable
to
his
Profession
,
opposed
himself
stoutly
against
this
foolish
Resolution
.
And
the
Spirit
of
God
being
an
Emanation
of
the
divine
Wisdom
upon
us
,
which
agrees
perfectly
with
good
sense
and
reason
,
made
him
predict
with
a
great
deal
of
reason
to
these
foolish
Braves
,
that
if
they
would
be
so
rash
,
to
undertake
such
an
ill
grounded
Enrerprise
,
it
would
prove
fatal
to
them
.
year
1219
But
these
People
could
hear
no
other
Language
but
that
of
their
Passions
,
and
such
was
their
Fury
that
they
compelled
their
Captains
to
go
along
with
them
,
making
little
Account
of
what
St.
Francis
threatned
them
withal
,
who
was
a
man
of
no
presence
,
and
whom
they
did
not
believe
to
be
a
Prophet
.
Leaving
therefore
a
few
men
to
guard
the
Camp
,
against
the
Besieged
,
they
marched
against
the
Enemy
in
Battalia
,
upon
the
nine
and
twentieth
day
of
August
.
The
Sarasins
upon
the
sight
of
them
drew
off
,
and
retreated
into
a
large
Champaign
between
the
Nile
and
the
Sea
,
where
there
being
no
water
,
and
the
season
excessive
hot
,
they
were
reduced
to
the
utmost
extremities
of
weariness
and
thirst
and
broak
all
their
Ranks
and
order
,
to
search
for
water
to
refresh
themselves
.
The
Sarasins
then
,
who
waited
for
this
disorder
,
to
make
advantage
of
it
,
immediately
faced
about
,
and
came
pouring
upon
the
Cyprus
Cavalry
,
which
was
upon
the
left
Wing
,
and
charging
them
in
the
Flank
,
broak
them
,
and
dissipated
them
in
a
moment
;
whereupon
the
Italian
Infantry
,
who
were
covered
by
them
,
presently
fled
,
and
after
them
the
Horse
,
the
Legate
and
Patriarch
,
who
carried
the
Cross
,
being
not
able
to
stop
them
:
and
in
short
all
had
been
infallibly
lost
that
day
,
if
the
King
,
who
was
in
the
main
Battle
,
perceiving
the
horrible
disorder
,
and
letting
the
Fugitives
pass
by
him
,
that
they
might
not
hinder
his
march
,
had
not
instantly
advanced
,
being
followed
by
the
Knights
of
the
three
orders
,
the
English
,
French
and
Flemings
,
who
stopped
the
Pursuit
of
the
Sarasins
,
and
made
good
an
honourable
retreat
to
their
Camp
,
where
the
Army
entred
well
mortified
with
the
ill
Fortune
which
they
had
met
withal
in
this
foolish
adventure
.
For
they
lost
above
six
thousand
men
,
besides
the
Prisoners
,
among
which
were
the
Bishop
of
of
Beauvais
,
and
his
Brother
Andrew
de
Chastillon
Nantueil
,
Gautier
de
Nemours
Brother
of
Peter
,
the
Bishop
of
Paris
,
John
d'
Arcis
,
and
Henry
de
l'
Orme
,
the
Marshal
of
the
order
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
,
and
above
thirty
Knights
of
the
Temple
.
Thus
the
Prediction
of
the
holy
man
St.
Francis
d'
Assise
was
accomplished
;
but
he
pursuing
his
principal
design
,
wandered
from
the
Christian
Camp
,
and
permitted
himself
to
be
taken
by
the
Sarasins
,
who
,
after
they
had
given
him
a
thousand
blows
,
presented
him
to
Meledin
,
to
get
the
reward
which
he
had
promised
to
those
who
should
bring
him
a
Christian
dead
or
alive
.
The
good
man
notwithstanding
this
,
preached
the
Gospel
to
him
with
an
admirable
Zeal
,
offering
himself
to
the
Flames
for
the
proof
of
the
truth
thereof
.
But
he
laboured
in
vain
as
to
the
design
which
he
had
propounded
to
himself
,
being
neither
able
to
gain
the
Crown
of
Martyrdom
,
by
reason
that
the
Sultan
,
charmed
with
his
discourse
,
his
Patience
,
and
his
Vertue
,
was
so
far
from
putting
him
to
death
,
that
he
gave
him
a
thousand
carresses
,
and
all
the
obliging
Usage
imaginable
;
nor
could
he
obtain
the
Conversion
of
this
Prince
,
the
fear
in
which
he
was
of
his
Subjects
being
more
prevalent
with
him
than
the
truth
which
was
propounded
to
him
.
So
that
the
Saint
finding
there
was
no
good
to
be
done
,
took
his
way
back
again
,
and
the
Prayers
which
the
Sultan
,
whose
presents
he
refused
,
desired
of
him
for
his
Salvation
proved
ineffectual
by
the
just
Judgement
of
God
,
who
rigorously
punishes
those
,
who
either
out
of
fear
or
malice
,
refuse
his
Grace
and
the
tenders
of
Salvation
:
For
the
Authors
who
have
written
for
the
Honour
of
St.
Francis
,
that
in
Virtue
of
his
Prayers
,
this
Sultan
was
converted
,
and
baptized
before
his
Death
,
are
under
a
mistake
of
the
Sultan
of
Iconium
,
who
never
saw
St.
Francis
,
who
this
very
year
of
the
Siege
,
of
Damiata
received
Baptism
at
his
death
,
whereas
this
Sultan
of
Egypt
neither
died
that
year
nor
was
ever
baptized
.
And
it
is
a
great
weakness
,
to
give
it
no
worse
Title
,
to
make
such
fabulous
relations
of
holy
men
;
for
the
Saints
,
who
in
Heaven
enjoy
infinite
happiness
,
do
neither
desire
nor
stand
in
necessity
,
that
those
who
write
their
lives
,
or
make
their
Elogies
should
give
them
praises
upon
Earth
that
are
not
true
,
whether
it
be
in
magnifiing
their
Actions
,
or
in
attributing
to
them
such
miracles
as
may
well
be
doubted
,
and
rationally
disproved
,
and
which
is
the
most
abominable
and
pernicious
flattery
,
making
them
so
perfect
in
all
things
,
as
to
be
free
from
all
manner
of
sin
.
That
which
is
certainly
true
in
this
matter
is
,
That
Sultan
Meledin
not
only
treated
St.
Francis
,
but
after
this
the
Christians
,
and
particularly
the
Prisoners
with
great
humanity
,
sending
some
of
the
principal
of
them
to
the
Christian
Camp
to
treat
of
a
Peace
.
year
1219
This
Sultan
,
who
was
a
better
Politician
them
a
Soldier
,
understood
very
well
,
that
notwithstanding
his
Victory
,
he
had
many
pressing
Considerations
to
move
him
to
labour
all
he
could
for
a
Peace
.
All
the
provisions
in
the
City
were
almost
spent
,
the
Siege
having
continued
so
long
that
by
reason
of
the
Famine
,
many
deseases
began
to
make
a
cruel
Ravage
among
the
defendants
,
so
that
he
could
not
hope
,
having
so
often
deceived
them
with
vain
promises
,
but
that
they
must
come
to
a
Capitulation
,
and
besides
he
himself
began
to
be
straitned
in
provisions
for
his
Army
;
by
reason
that
the
Besiegers
being
Masters
of
the
Sea
with
a
strong
Fleet
,
received
them
in
abundance
and
hindred
all
others
from
furnishing
his
Army
with
supplies
,
so
that
it
was
impossible
for
him
longer
to
subsist
in
the
Posts
which
now
he
was
in
.
Moreover
the
inundation
of
the
Nile
having
not
been
very
favourable
this
year
,
he
feared
,
that
the
scarcity
which
he
foresaw
,
would
not
permit
him
to
raise
or
maintain
an
Army
if
he
should
be
obliged
to
continue
the
War
;
that
after
the
taking
of
Damiata
,
he
should
not
therefore
be
in
a
condition
of
resisting
the
Crusades
,
who
would
infallibly
march
against
him
in
Grand
Caire
.
For
these
reasons
therefore
,
after
the
Retreat
of
diverse
of
the
Crusades
,
who
had
reimbarked
themselves
for
Europe
in
the
Month
of
September
,
having
again
made
an
unsuccessful
attempt
against
the
Christians
to
force
them
in
their
retrenchments
,
by
the
consent
of
his
Brother
Coradin
he
sent
to
propose
a
Peace
,
or
at
least
a
Truce
for
several
years
,
upon
Conditions
,
which
were
very
fair
and
advantageous
to
the
Christians
,
which
were
as
follow
,
That
he
would
restore
to
them
the
true
Cross
;
which
was
taken
by
Saladin
at
the
Battle
of
Tyberias
;
That
he
would
restore
to
the
King
all
that
they
held
in
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
and
That
he
would
give
so
much
money
as
should
be
sufficient
to
rebuild
the
Walls
of
that
City
,
and
put
it
into
the
same
Condition
wherein
it
was
before
;
That
he
would
release
all
the
Prisoners
which
had
been
taken
in
Egypt
and
Syria
,
not
only
during
this
,
but
all
the
preceding
Wars
;
That
the
strong
holds
of
Thoron
,
of
Sephet
,
and
Beaufort
should
be
surrendred
to
the
Christians
in
the
same
condition
which
they
were
now
in
;
and
in
short
,
that
he
would
keep
nothing
but
the
two
Cities
of
Crac
,
and
Montreal
on
the
other
side
of
Jordan
,
in
regard
they
were
necessary
for
the
Security
of
the
Pilgrims
,
which
should
travel
to
Mecca
,
and
that
these
two
Cities
should
also
be
in
some
sort
under
the
Authority
of
the
King
of
Jerusalem
,
by
paying
to
him
a
moderate
acknowledgement
of
tribute
during
the
time
of
the
peace
or
Truce
.
Now
this
being
a
decisive
affair
,
there
was
an
Assembly
called
of
all
the
Commanders
,
and
Prelates
,
and
the
question
was
debated
,
Whether
leaving
the
Enterprise
of
Damiata
,
the
Propositions
of
the
two
Sultans
ought
not
to
be
accepted
.
The
opinions
were
diverse
,
the
King
of
Jerusalem
,
and
all
the
Lords
and
great
Officers
among
the
French
,
English
,
Germans
,
Flemings
,
and
Hollanders
were
of
the
opinion
,
that
they
ought
to
be
received
;
and
without
doubt
this
Judgment
was
founded
upon
reasons
equally
plausible
and
substantial
.
For
,
said
they
,
that
which
ought
to
govern
us
in
this
deliberation
,
is
the
end
which
we
have
proposed
to
our selves
in
undertaking
this
War
:
And
what
is
that
end
?
Is
it
not
to
reconquer
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
and
to
recover
the
Sepulchre
of
Jesus
Christ
out
of
the
hands
of
the
Infidels
,
for
the
deliverance
whereof
so
many
Crusades
,
have
from
time
to
time
been
undertaken
?
Nor
had
we
besieged
Damiata
,
but
upon
the
belief
that
the
taking
of
that
City
would
prove
the
most
proper
and
conducive
means
to
arrive
at
that
end
;
and
although
we
have
now
besieged
the
place
for
seventeen
Months
,
yet
we
have
not
taken
it
,
and
it
is
uncertain
when
we
shall
,
since
not
only
our
one
Soldiers
daily
quit
the
tedious
Service
,
but
the
Enemies
receive
daily
reinforcements
,
and
redouble
their
attacks
,
which
we
did
not
without
difficulty
,
resist
,
even
when
we
were
stronger
,
and
the
Events
of
War
being
uncertain
,
it
is
but
reasonable
to
accept
those
offers
now
,
which
we
would
willingly
have
embraced
before
the
Siege
.
That
it
is
but
to
quit
a
certainty
for
an
uncertainty
to
refuse
them
,
and
that
what
we
aim
at
ultimately
is
now
offered
unto
us
.
That
when
we
have
taken
Damiata
,
we
should
be
willing
to
exchange
it
for
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
since
that
is
the
only
reason
for
which
we
endeavour
to
take
it
,
and
there
is
all
the
reason
in
the
World
to
accept
that
now
which
will
deliver
the
Army
from
all
future
difficulties
and
dangers
in
continuing
the
Siege
,
and
not
only
spare
the
blood
of
so
many
brave
men
as
were
dayly
lost
before
the
Town
,
but
also
the
exposing
of
the
whole
Army
to
the
disgrace
of
not
taking
it
at
the
last
,
that
if
as
might
be
objected
,
it
was
to
be
feared
,
that
the
Sarasins
never
intended
to
perform
the
Condition
,
year
1219
which
they
so
liberally
offered
,
it
was
easie
to
assure
themselves
of
performance
,
by
taking
sufficient
Hostages
from
them
;
and
that
admitting
the
worst
,
they
might
so
fortifie
Jerusalem
before
the
Army
separated
,
and
before
the
Enemies
could
be
in
a
Condition
to
obstruct
them
,
as
to
render
it
impregnable
for
the
future
.
On
the
other
side
the
Legate
,
who
rarely
was
in
the
same
Opinion
with
the
King
,
and
who
wanted
neither
Wit
nor
reason
to
support
his
own
,
stifly
maintained
,
That
these
Propositions
ought
by
no
means
to
be
accepted
;
That
this
was
nothing
but
the
pure
Artifice
of
the
Sultans
,
to
prevent
the
taking
of
the
City
,
which
they
found
it
was
impossble
for
them
to
relieve
;
That
all
they
offered
being
now
only
a
naked
Country
,
and
defenceless
Villages
,
it
was
easie
to
take
it
from
them
without
the
help
of
a
Treaty
;
That
the
Infidels
had
no
other
intention
,
by
all
these
seeming
advantages
,
which
they
offered
to
the
Christians
,
but
to
separate
their
Army
,
by
a
delusive
Peace
,
that
so
they
might
afterwards
with
ease
recover
,
what
they
had
yielded
to
them
only
to
amuse
them
.
And
for
what
concerned
the
true
Cross
,
they
were
certainly
informed
that
the
Sarasins
had
suffered
it
to
be
lost
or
destroyed
;
since
Saladin
,
if
after
the
most
diligent
search
he
could
have
found
it
,
would
most
willingly
have
restored
it
,
for
the
Ransom
of
so
many
Valiant
men
,
and
so
many
considerable
Emirs
,
as
were
made
Prisoners
upon
the
taking
of
Ptolemais
.
And
in
short
,
that
the
Siege
was
now
so
far
advanced
,
that
the
Defendants
being
reduced
to
the
last
Extremities
,
it
was
impossible
but
they
must
take
Damiata
,
and
that
after
that
,
it
was
easie
to
know
what
they
had
to
do
,
and
that
then
they
might
if
they
pleased
,
treat
with
more
Honour
and
more
advantage
.
Now
as
the
Legate
had
a
strong
Party
,
and
a
great
authority
especially
among
the
Ecclesiasticks
,
and
that
his
reasons
also
were
not
without
a
Foundation
of
great
Probability
,
the
Patriarch
,
the
Arch-Bishops
,
the
Bishops
,
and
all
the
Ecclesiasticks
,
together
with
the
three
great
Masters
of
the
Military
Orders
,
all
the
Italians
,
and
many
other
Crusades
were
in
his
Opinion
;
so
that
the
others
also
standing
firmly
to
their
Sense
,
the
whole
Army
was
divided
,
and
in
perpetual
contests
for
several
days
.
But
the
Sultan
,
who
made
use
of
that
Opportunity
to
endeavour
to
put
some
succour
into
the
place
,
during
this
discourse
of
Peace
,
the
King's
Party
,
which
was
the
least
,
reunited
again
with
the
Legate
.
Hereupon
the
Conferences
for
Peace
were
broken
,
and
it
was
resolved
to
pursue
the
Siege
with
all
imaginable
Vigor
.
But
it
lasted
not
long
,
for
one
of
the
Towers
,
which
lay
upon
a
Corner
of
the
Town
,
being
by
the
force
of
the
Machins
so
ruined
,
that
it
was
easie
to
enter
by
the
Breach
,
and
there
appearing
no
great
number
of
Defendants
to
secure
the
Breach
,
the
Legate
made
choice
of
a
very
dark
night
wherein
the
Wind
blew
very
loud
,
to
cause
it
to
be
attacked
.
The
Soldiers
approached
the
Tower
and
the
Gate
adjoining
,
which
they
set
on
sire
,
and
passed
to
the
second
Wall
,
whilest
others
clapt
up
Ladders
,
and
scaled
the
first
Wall
in
diverse
places
without
resistance
;
then
the
King
being
immediately
advertised
of
this
strange
Success
led
his
Troops
thither
in
good
order
,
and
with
the
same
facility
gained
the
second
Wall
;
and
the
next
morning
being
the
fifth
of
November
by
break
of
day
they
took
the
third
Wall
with
so
little
resistance
,
that
there
was
but
one
man
lightly
wounded
in
his
Foot
Immediately
the
Christian
Standards
were
planted
upon
the
Towers
,
which
the
Sultans
perceiving
,
they
retired
with
precipitation
,
setting
fire
to
their
Camp
and
Bridge
,
that
so
they
might
not
be
pursued
.
Thus
Damiata
,
which
had
cost
so
much
Blood
and
labour
for
eighteen
Months
,
was
in
one
night
taken
by
the
Christian
Army
without
Noise
,
without
Tumult
,
there
being
none
left
in
this
fair
and
great
City
in
Condition
to
defend
it
.
For
the
extreme
Famine
which
they
had
indured
,
and
the
diseases
which
followed
upon
it
,
had
made
such
a
horrible
ravage
,
that
of
eighty
thousand
Soldiers
and
Citizens
which
were
in
it
at
the
Beginning
of
the
Siege
,
there
were
scarcely
lest
three
thousand
alive
,
and
of
those
not
above
one
hundred
,
who
were
able
to
bear
Arms.
All
the
Streets
and
houses
were
filled
with
dead
and
dying
Persons
,
which
the
living
,
who
with
extreme
weakness
expected
the
same
Fate
,
were
not
able
to
bury
;
so
that
the
Army
was
forced
for
a
long
time
to
encamp
without
the
City
before
they
could
get
it
cleansed
.
There
were
found
in
the
City
infinite
Riches
in
Vessels
of
Gold
,
Silver
,
Pearls
,
precious
Stones
,
Silks
and
all
manner
of
Indian
Drugs
and
Spices
:
year
1219
But
the
Sarasins
during
the
Siege
having
buried
most
of
their
Money
,
and
notwithstanding
that
the
Legate
had
denounced
the
Anathema
against
those
who
should
conceal
any
of
the
Booty
,
which
he
ordered
to
be
brought
together
to
make
a
just
distribution
among
the
whole
Army
,
yet
particular
persons
concealed
the
greatest
part
of
the
Booty
;
so
that
there
could
never
be
got
together
above
four
hundred
thousand
Crowns
in
Money
,
which
was
distributed
among
the
Soldiers
.
There
were
about
four
hundred
among
the
Prisoners
,
who
were
the
most
considerable
,
who
were
reserved
to
be
exchanged
for
those
who
had
been
taken
by
the
Enemies
during
the
Siege
.
year
1220
The
Principal
Mosque
,
which
was
supported
by
one
hundred
and
fifty
Marble
Pillars
,
and
invironed
by
five
curious
Galleries
,
with
a
noble
Cupelo
in
the
middle
,
upon
which
was
a
lofty
Spire
,
was
consecrated
to
God
,
in
honour
of
the
blessed
Virgin
,
and
upon
the
Feast
of
the
Purification
,
the
Cardinal
Legate
,
accompanied
by
the
Patriarch
,
the
Bishops
and
Clergy
of
Ptolemais
,
followed
by
the
King
,
the
Princes
,
the
Lords
,
and
all
the
Chief
Commanders
,
went
in
Solemn
Procession
,
there
to
celebrate
the
Sacred
Mysteries
of
the
Christian
Religion
,
after
which
they
built
a
new
Bridge
,
which
joyned
the
City
and
the
Fort
,
which
they
had
during
the
Siege
,
built
upon
the
other
bank
of
the
Nile
;
and
then
Damiata
by
the
consent
of
the
Legate
,
and
the
whole
Army
,
was
annexed
to
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
and
to
add
to
the
good
Fortune
,
some
few
dayes
after
a
Party
of
a
thousand
Soldiers
being
commanded
to
go
abroad
for
Forrage
and
Provisions
,
failing
up
the
second
branch
of
the
River
Nilus
,
which
is
called
the
Tanitique
,
the
Egyptians
terrified
by
their
comming
,
cowardly
abandoned
the
strongest
of
their
Castles
,
which
was
built
upon
the
Ruines
of
the
Famous
City
of
Tanis
,
in
Ancient
Time
the
Capital
City
of
Egypt
,
and
the
Residence
of
the
Pharaohs
,
the
place
where
Moses
,
to
move
the
heart
of
that
obdurate
Prince
,
wrought
all
those
memorable
Prodigies
,
which
are
recorded
in
the
Holy
Story
in
the
Book
of
Exodus
.
It
is
also
reported
,
that
in
a
place
near
Damiata
,
the
Christians
found
a
Book
written
in
Arabick
,
the
Author
whereof
,
who
assures
us
that
he
was
neither
Jew
,
Christian
,
nor
Mahometan
,
predicted
the
Victories
of
the
great
Saladin
,
the
taking
of
Ptolemais
by
the
Kings
of
England
and
France
,
that
of
Damiata
nine
and
twenty
Years
after
;
and
that
one
day
there
should
come
a
King
from
the
East
,
whose
name
should
be
David
,
and
another
from
the
West
,
whom
he
does
not
name
,
who
joyning
together
should
overthrow
the
Empire
of
the
Mahometans
,
and
recover
the
City
of
Jerusalem
.
But
as
one
cannot
judge
of
the
Truth
of
this
Prophecy
by
the
former
part
of
the
things
which
it
doth
predict
,
since
they
were
already
come
to
pass
when
the
Book
was
found
;
so
it
must
be
Posterity
,
who
only
can
be
able
to
make
a
certain
judgment
of
the
truth
of
the
second
part
,
when
it
shall
happen
to
be
accomplished
,
which
we
have
not
yet
seen
.
The
End
of
the
Third
Part.
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
CRUSADE
,
OR
,
The
Expeditions
of
the
Christian
Princes
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
.
PART
IV.
BOOK
I.
The
CONTENTS
of
the
First
Book
.
The
Condition
,
the
manners
,
and
the
Religion
of
the
People
of
Georgia
,
who
resolve
to
join
with
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
,
but
are
hindred
by
an
irruption
of
the
Tartars
into
their
Country
.
The
Emperor
Frederick
sends
a
considerable
relief
to
Damiata
.
The
return
of
King
John
de
Brienne
to
the
Army
of
the
Crusades
.
The
Legate
Pelagius
opposeth
his
advice
,
and
makes
them
resolve
upon
a
Battle
against
Meledin
,
who
once
more
offers
Peace
upon
most
advantageous
Terms
.
The
Legate
occasions
the
refusal
of
them
.
The
humour
and
discription
of
this
Legate
.
An
account
of
the
miserable
adventure
of
the
Christian
Army
,
which
by
the
innundation
of
the
Nile
,
is
reduced
to
the
Discretion
of
Meledin
.
The
wise
Policy
of
this
Sultan
,
who
saves
the
Army
by
a
Treaty
,
which
he
was
willing
to
make
with
the
Crusades
.
This
misfortune
is
followed
by
the
Rupture
of
Frederick
the
Emperor
with
the
Pope
.
The
Character
of
that
Emperor
.
The
Complaints
of
Pope
Honorius
against
him
.
His
Answers
and
their
Reconciliation
.
A
famous
Conference
for
the
Holy
War
.
King
John
de
Brienne
comes
to
desire
assistance
throughout
Europe
.
The
death
of
Philip
the
August
.
His
Elogy
,
his
Will
and
his
Funerals
.
New
Endeavours
of
the
Pope
and
the
Emperor
for
the
Holy
War
.
The
Marriage
of
Frederick
with
the
Princess
Jolante
,
the
daughter
of
King
John
de
Brienne
,
Heiress
of
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
.
John
de
Brienne
is
dispoiled
of
his
Crown
by
his
new
Son-in-Law
.
He
puts
himself
under
the
Protection
of
the
Pope
Honorius
.
The
good
Offices
of
the
Pope
to
pacifie
the
Princes
.
The
death
of
Lewis
the
eight
King
of
France
.
He
is
succeeded
by
his
Son
Lewis
the
ninth
.
The
death
of
Pope
Honorius
.
He
is
succeeded
by
Gregory
the
ninth
.
The
Portraict
of
this
new
Pope
.
The
Army
of
the
Crusades
much
diminished
by
diseases
.
The
Emperor
takes
shipping
.
He
stays
at
Otranto
,
where
the
Lantgrave
of
Thuringia
dies
.
A
great
rupture
between
the
Pope
and
the
Emperor
.
The
Pope
excommunicates
him
.
Their
Manifests
.
The
Revenge
which
Frederick
takes
.
He
passes
at
last
into
Syria
.
His
differences
with
the
Patriarch
and
the
Templers
.
His
Treaty
with
the
Sultan
,
his
Coronation
at
Jerusalem
,
his
return
and
accord
with
the
Pope
.
The
Conference
of
Spolata
,
for
the
Continuation
of
the
Crusade
.
The
History
of
Theobald
the
fifth
Earl
of
Champagne
,
and
King
of
Navarr
.
His
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
with
the
other
Princes
of
the
Crusade
.
His
description
,
and
his
Elogy
.
A
Crusade
published
for
the
Succour
of
Constantinople
.
An
Abridgement
of
the
History
of
the
Latin
Emperors
there
.
The
Causes
of
the
little
Success
of
the
King
of
Navarr's
Enterprise
.
A
new
Rupture
between
the
Pope
and
the
Emperor
.
The
Occasions
thereof
.
The
deplorable
effects
of
that
breach
,
which
ruins
the
Affairs
of
the
Holy
Land
.
The
Jealousie
among
the
Princes
occasions
their
loss
.
Their
defeat
at
the
Battle
of
Gaza
.
The
unsuccessful
Voyage
of
Richard
Earl
of
Cornwall
.
The
death
of
the
Constable
Amauri
de
Montfort
.
His
Elogy
,
his
Burial
,
and
that
of
his
Ancestors
,
and
of
Simon
de
Montfort
,
in
the
Monastery
of
Hautebruiere
.
A
Council
called
at
Rome
.
The
Pope's
Fleet
defeated
by
the
Emperor's
,
and
the
taking
of
the
Legates
and
Prelates
going
to
the
Council
.
The
death
of
Pope
Gregory
.
The
election
of
Celestin
the
fourth
,
and
of
Innocent
the
fourth
.
He
breaks
with
the
Emperor
,
and
retires
into
France
.
year
1220
THe
report
of
the
Victory
,
which
the
Crusades
of
the
West
had
obtained
against
the
Sultans
of
Egypt
and
Damascus
,
being
spread
all
over
Asia
,
raised
the
Courage
and
hopes
of
the
Christians
in
the
East
,
and
more
particularly
of
the
Georgians
,
who
then
were
,
and
are
at
this
day
,
the
bravest
among
all
those
Nations
.
These
People
to
whom
that
name
was
given
,
either
from
their
particular
Veneration
of
St.
George
,
upon
whom
they
call
in
their
Combats
;
or
by
Corruption
of
the
word
Gurges
,
their
Country
being
called
Gurgiston
,
inhabit
those
Regions
,
which
extend
themselves
from
the
West
to
the
East
,
between
the
Euxine
and
the
Caspian
Sea
,
the
Countries
which
anciently
were
called
,
Colchis
,
Iberia
,
a
part
of
Albania
,
and
also
of
the
great
Armenia
as
far
as
Derbent
.
They
were
at
this
time
under
the
Obeisance
of
one
King
,
who
governed
the
whole
Nation
united
into
one
Monarchy
,
and
not
divided
as
they
are
now
,
among
many
small
Princes
,
who
are
not
able
to
free
themselves
from
paying
tribute
either
to
the
Turk
or
Persian
.
They
have
been
Christians
ever
since
they
were
converted
by
a
young
Maid
,
a
Christian
Slave
,
in
the
Reign
of
Constantine
the
Great
,
and
followed
the
belief
and
Cerimonies
of
the
Greeks
,
although
in
some
things
they
differ
from
them
much
,
and
especially
in
this
.
That
they
have
nothing
of
that
Aversion
for
the
Church
of
Rome
,
which
the
Greeks
have
.
They
all
shave
the
middle
of
their
heads
in
form
of
a
Crown
,
but
with
this
difference
among
them
,
That
the
Ecclesiasticks
have
it
round
,
like
that
of
the
Roman
Churchmen
,
the
other
square
,
with
great
Mustaches
,
year
1220
and
a
long
Beard
which
reaches
down
to
their
very
Girdle
.
They
are
in
the
main
,
People
well
proportioned
and
of
a
good
Mind
,
kind
and
obliging
to
Strangers
,
terrible
to
their
Enemies
,
great
Soldiers
,
extremely
brave
,
even
to
the
very
Women
,
who
like
Amazons
,
will
go
to
the
Wars
and
sight
most
valiantly
;
and
they
are
so
taken
notice
off
for
this
Valour
above
all
other
of
the
Eastern
Christians
,
that
the
Sarasins
either
out
of
Fear
or
respect
,
permit
them
to
enter
with
their
Colours
flying
like
Soldiers
into
Jerusalem
,
and
without
paying
any
thing
when
they
come
to
visit
the
Holy
Sepulchre
.
But
they
have
this
great
Blemish
that
they
are
most
intolerable
Drinkers
,
and
make
little
account
of
such
People
as
will
not
debauch
with
them
,
having
entertained
a
brutish
persuasion
,
that
it
is
impossible
for
any
persons
to
be
truely
valiant
,
who
are
not
excessive
Lovers
of
drinking
.
So
that
they
never
go
to
the
Combat
till
they
have
well
drunk
;
for
which
purpose
they
always
carry
to
the
field
,
a
Bottle
of
Wine
tied
to
their
Girdles
,
and
before
they
begin
the
Battle
they
presently
and
with
Chearfulness
toss
it
off
to
the
last
drop
,
and
then
furiously
charge
the
Enemies
,
being
elevated
with
the
Wine
and
half
drunk
.
This
was
the
Temper
of
these
Georgians
,
who
were
now
most
highly
incensed
against
Coradin
,
because
without
consulting
them
,
he
had
caused
the
Walls
of
the
Holy
City
to
be
demolished
during
the
Siege
of
Damiata
;
for
which
,
as
a
common
Injury
done
to
all
Christians
in
General
,
they
loudly
threatned
to
be
avenged
on
him
.
For
this
purpose
so
soon
as
they
heard
the
news
of
the
taking
of
Damiata
,
their
King
writ
to
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
to
give
them
joy
of
their
Victory
,
and
to
exhort
them
to
follow
their
good
Fortune
,
assuring
them
,
that
for
his
own
particular
,
,
as
he
should
esteem
it
a
dishonour
to
him
not
to
follow
the
glorious
Example
,
which
they
had
given
him
,
so
he
was
resolved
in
favour
of
them
to
make
a
powerful
diversion
in
Syria
,
and
to
attack
Coradin
even
in
his
Capital
City
of
Damascus
.
But
all
these
fair
hopes
of
chasing
the
Insidels
out
of
the
Holy
Land
,
quickly
vanished
by
two
unhappy
Accidents
,
which
ruined
all
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
in
the
East
.
The
first
was
,
that
as
the
King
of
the
Georgians
,
was
preparing
for
this
Holy
War
,
he
received
advice
that
the
Tartars
,
who
began
to
make
diverse
Conquests
in
Asia
,
were
ready
to
fall
into
his
Dominions
;
and
this
hindred
this
Valiant
Prince
from
executing
what
he
had
so
generously
resolved
against
Coradin
.
The
second
was
the
deplorable
misfortune
,
which
befel
the
Christian
Army
,
which
having
lost
a
great
deal
of
time
,
had
at
last
took
the
field
to
endeavour
to
finish
in
conquering
the
rest
of
Aegypt
,
what
they
had
so
happily
begun
,
by
taking
the
strongest
of
all
the
Cities
of
that
Realm
,
and
it
is
this
which
I
am
now
to
treat
of
,
and
in
few
words
to
give
an
Account
of
the
Causes
of
this
sad
event
.
After
that
the
Army
had
passed
the
Winter
at
Damiata
,
and
the
Country
about
it
,
to
recover
themselves
from
so
many
Fatigues
,
they
were
so
far
from
being
in
a
Condition
to
pursue
their
Conquests
,
in
the
Beginning
of
the
Spring
,
that
they
found
themselves
more
weak
than
at
the
end
of
the
Siege
;
for
many
of
the
Crusades
of
all
Nations
,
believing
that
they
had
fully
accomplished
their
Vow
,
and
being
weary
of
a
tedious
War
,
returned
into
their
respective
Countries
:
and
that
which
weakned
them
still
more
,
was
,
that
the
King
of
Jerusalem
,
who
commanded
the
Army
,
quitted
them
and
returned
into
Palestine
.
This
King
,
who
was
in
no
sort
satisfied
with
the
Legate
,
who
had
so
often
shocked
him
,
and
with
whom
he
found
it
impossible
to
keep
himself
in
any
good
Terms
,
was
not
at
all
sorry
to
have
a
fair
pretext
to
retire
himself
;
and
the
death
of
Livon
the
King
of
Armenia
,
which
then
happened
,
furnished
him
with
a
plausible
reason
,
to
go
and
pursue
the
Right
of
the
Queen
,
his
Wife
,
who
,
in
Opposition
to
the
Prince
of
Antioch
,
pretended
that
that
Realm
appertained
to
her
.
Besides
he
said
,
that
having
heard
that
the
Sarasins
of
Alepo
,
were
fallen
into
the
Territories
of
the
Templers
,
he
was
obliged
to
go
instantly
to
repel
these
dangerous
Neighbours
,
who
made
Advantage
of
his
Absence
.
So
that
notwithstanding
what
ever
the
Legate
could
remonstrate
to
him
to
stop
his
Journey
,
he
left
the
Command
of
the
Army
to
him
,
and
imbarked
with
his
Troops
,
he
carried
them
with
him
to
the
City
of
Acre
,
promising
nevertheless
to
return
and
join
the
Army
so
soon
as
he
could
.
But
the
long
stay
,
which
he
made
to
no
purpose
at
Ptolemais
,
year
1220
without
either
making
War
against
the
Sarasins
,
or
in
Armenia
,
made
it
evident
that
the
reasons
,
which
he
alledged
to
justifie
his
retreat
,
were
nothing
but
colourable
pretences
to
withdraw
himself
.
So
that
the
Crusades
having
not
sufficient
Troops
to
guard
the
Conquests
,
and
to
march
into
the
field
,
were
constrained
to
pass
the
Summer
without
doing
any
thing
;
and
in
the
Interim
they
writ
to
the
Pope
to
intreat
him
to
hasten
the
Supplies
of
the
New
Crusades
,
which
were
expected
;
and
above
all
to
procure
the
Emperor
Frederick
to
put
himself
at
the
head
of
them
,
that
so
under
so
great
a
General
,
whose
Commands
no
person
would
presume
to
dispute
,
there
might
be
no
more
such
divisions
as
might
retard
the
progress
of
the
Christian
Arms.
This
Prince
who
had
more
than
once
promised
that
he
would
presently
accomplish
his
Vow
,
yet
continually
put
of
the
Voyage
for
reasons
,
which
appeared
very
plausible
,
pretended
that
the
present
posture
of
the
Affairs
of
the
Empire
,
would
not
admit
of
his
Absence
;
and
that
he
had
not
yet
received
the
Crown
Imperial
at
Rome
,
without
which
at
that
time
they
were
scarcely
thought
to
be
compleat
Emperors
.
The
Pope
therefore
to
take
from
him
these
Excuses
,
which
he
had
hitherto
made
use
of
,
sent
for
him
to
Rome
,
where
he
was
solemnly
crowned
upon
St.
Cecily's
day
in
St.
Peter's
Church
,
together
with
the
Empress
Constance
his
Wife
;
there
he
again
received
the
Cross
,
and
renewed
his
Vow
to
take
the
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
,
giving
his
Promise
and
his
Oath
to
the
Pope
thereupon
;
upon
which
Confidence
the
Pope
writ
to
Damiata
,
to
encourage
the
Legate
and
Crusades
,
assuring
them
that
in
the
Month
of
March
in
the
following
year
,
the
Emperor
would
send
before
him
,
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
the
Bishop
of
Metz
his
Great
Chancellour
with
considerable
Succours
,
and
that
he
himself
would
follow
in
the
Month
of
August
with
all
his
forces
.
year
1221
The
first
part
of
his
Promise
he
exactly
performed
,
and
was
something
better
than
his
word
;
for
besides
that
Lewis
,
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
according
to
his
promise
imbarked
in
the
Spring
with
above
four
hundred
Lords
and
Gentlemen
,
Germans
and
Italians
,
who
conducted
noble
Troops
,
which
arrived
happily
at
Damiata
;
he
also
rigged
out
three
and
fourty
Gallies
out
of
the
Ports
of
Sicily
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Bishop
of
Catania
,
Chancellour
of
that
Realm
.
The
Venetians
,
the
Genoese
,
and
the
Pisans
also
brought
thither
great
reinforcements
,
as
did
the
Arch-Bishops
of
Milan
,
of
Genoa
and
Candia
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Brescia
,
who
were
accompanied
by
many
Italian
Lords
;
insomuch
that
the
Legate
who
had
a
great
longing
to
sight
,
whilest
he
commanded
the
Army
,
which
he
had
once
before
drawn
out
to
no
purpose
to
meet
the
Enemy
,
and
now
believed
that
with
this
reinforcement
,
of
so
many
brave
Troops
,
he
might
more
easily
execute
his
Enterprise
.
He
communicated
his
Design
to
the
principal
Commanders
of
the
Army
,
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Milan
,
and
all
the
other
Bishops
,
who
were
constantly
in
the
Council
;
and
they
who
were
very
willing
to
be
at
his
Devotion
,
were
in
his
Opinion
,
and
all
concluded
as
he
did
,
that
such
a
flourishing
Army
ought
not
to
lie
idle
,
but
that
without
waiting
any
longer
,
they
ought
to
march
against
the
Sultan
,
who
had
not
had
much
time
to
make
his
Preparations
,
and
who
would
doubtless
perfect
his
Levies
if
they
should
any
longer
defer
attacking
of
him
.
But
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
and
so
many
Lords
as
accompanied
him
,
and
generally
all
the
Commanders
,
who
were
not
pleased
to
see
a
Churchman
at
the
Head
of
an
Army
as
a
General
in
the
day
of
Battle
,
were
unanimous
in
the
opinion
,
that
since
the
Emperor
could
not
possibly
come
so
soon
as
was
desired
,
they
ought
to
expect
the
King
John
de
Brienne
,
whom
the
whole
Army
desired
as
their
General
,
and
who
would
most
certainly
be
there
in
a
very
small
time
.
And
in
truth
the
Pope
having
understood
that
this
Prince
was
withdrawn
in
discontent
,
under
pretence
of
the
difference
with
the
Prince
of
Antioch
for
the
Kingdom
of
Armenia
,
had
writ
to
him
in
very
pressing
Terms
to
oblige
him
to
return
to
Damiata
;
and
all
the
Lords
of
the
Army
,
who
were
resolved
to
have
a
Captain
of
his
Quality
and
Valour
,
pressed
him
so
strongly
to
return
and
take
the
Command
of
the
Army
,
that
in
four
or
five
days
he
arrived
at
Damiata
;
and
that
which
augmented
the
Joy
of
this
happy
return
,
which
was
so
welcome
,
and
had
been
so
long
hoped
and
wished
by
the
Army
was
,
that
Count
Matthew
,
Governour
of
Pavia
for
the
Emperor
,
came
almost
at
the
same
time
to
anchor
in
the
Port
of
Damiata
with
eight
Gallies
,
which
Frederick
,
year
1221
who
was
then
in
his
Kingdom
of
Sicily
,
had
sent
as
a
reinforcement
,
upon
which
were
seven
hundred
of
the
most
brave
among
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
of
Sicily
,
who
in
their
passage
having
met
with
twelve
great
Ships
of
the
Sarasins
had
sunk
four
,
chaced
the
rest
,
and
taken
two
of
them
,
whom
they
brought
in
as
the
Trophees
of
their
Victory
to
Damiata
.
In
this
time
Meledin
,
who
had
had
leisure
to
make
advantage
of
this
sad
division
,
which
still
continued
between
the
King
of
Jerusalem
and
the
Legate
Pelagius
,
being
marched
out
of
Grand
Caire
,
accompanied
with
his
two
Brothers
,
Coradin
,
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
and
Seraph
,
Sultan
of
Alepo
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
his
Allies
,
which
together
made
the
greatest
Army
,
which
they
had
ever
had
,
came
and
posted
himself
a
little
above
the
place
,
where
the
Pelusiack
and
Tanitick
,
the
two
Eastern
Chanals
of
the
Nilus
,
divide
themselves
from
each
other
;
there
he
retrenched
himself
very
strongly
,
and
built
a
Fortress
which
he
called
the
new
Damiata
,
with
two
Bridges
,
one
upon
the
Pelusiack
Chanal
,
for
the
Convenience
of
Communication
with
Grand
Caire
,
which
lies
upon
the
Bank
of
the
Nile
on
the
right
hand
;
and
the
other
upon
the
Tanitick
,
to
make
his
Excursions
as
far
as
Damiata
,
that
by
this
means
he
might
draw
the
Christian
Army
into
a
Country
where
he
believed
he
should
most
assuredly
ruin
them
without
running
the
hazard
of
coming
to
a
Battle
.
And
the
Success
proved
better
for
him
than
he
had
foreseen
or
could
have
imagined
.
For
immediately
after
the
arrival
of
the
King
of
Jerusalem
,
a
great
Council
was
held
to
determine
,
what
was
to
be
undertaken
with
so
brave
an
Army
as
was
then
together
.
There
this
Prince
with
great
Judgement
gave
his
Opinion
,
That
besides
that
it
was
extreme
dangerous
to
engage
the
Army
in
such
a
Country
,
particularly
at
that
season
of
the
year
,
when
the
Nilus
began
to
swell
in
order
to
its
constant
Immdation
,
it
was
also
to
no
purpose
to
make
any
further
Conquests
there
,
which
would
weaken
the
Army
,
and
not
conduce
in
the
least
to
the
great
end
,
which
they
had
proposed
to
themselves
.
For
having
Damiata
and
Tanis
,
which
were
the
two
strongest
places
of
Egypt
,
and
the
two
Keys
of
the
Kingdom
towards
Palestine
,
they
would
certainly
hinder
the
Sultan
,
who
durst
never
leave
these
two
strong
places
behind
him
,
from
going
to
the
Assistance
of
his
Brother
Coradin
;
and
that
before
he
could
possbly
regain
them
,
they
might
easily
reconquer
all
the
Holy
Land
,
and
rebuild
Jerusalem
,
which
was
the
ultimate
end
of
the
Crusade
:
And
that
after
this
,
if
the
Christians
of
the
West
,
had
a
desire
to
recover
Egypt
from
the
Insidels
,
they
might
make
another
Crusade
,
to
the
Success
whereof
,
a
King
of
Jerusalem
well
established
in
his
Dominions
,
might
contribute
very
much
.
But
on
the
other
part
the
Legate
,
who
after
the
taking
of
Damiata
,
to
which
without
doubt
,
he
had
contributed
in
a
great
measure
,
and
after
the
Retreat
of
John
de
Brienne
,
which
shewed
that
he
was
in
fear
of
him
,
was
now
become
more
hot
,
fierce
and
untractable
,
strongly
opposed
this
advice
.
And
seeing
himself
supported
in
his
Opinion
,
not
only
by
the
Bishops
,
but
by
the
greatest
part
of
the
Crusades
,
who
were
lately
come
,
who
desired
nothing
so
much
as
to
see
the
Enemy
,
he
said
a
hundred
things
with
more
heat
than
Prudence
,
to
prove
,
That
this
was
to
betray
the
Common
Cause
,
to
let
such
a
fair
opportunity
escape
them
of
cutting
in
pieces
a
patched
Army
,
and
consequently
the
taking
of
Grand
Caire
,
which
had
no
manner
of
Fortifications
,
capable
of
resisting
them
;
That
besides
that
this
would
be
the
most
Illustrious
action
in
the
World
,
for
the
Glory
of
the
Christian
Name
,
this
was
to
strike
directly
at
the
Foundation
of
the
Sarasin
Empire
,
and
the
way
to
reverse
it
from
the
top
to
the
bottom
;
that
after
this
glorious
Conquest
there
would
remain
nothing
either
in
Palestine
or
Syria
,
that
could
oppose
the
victorious
Arms
of
the
Christians
.
And
in
short
this
Legate
,
who
was
of
an
humour
extremely
Martial
,
said
so
much
,
and
that
with
Menaces
of
Excommunication
against
those
who
should
oppose
it
,
that
the
most
ancient
Captains
among
the
Crusades
,
who
when
they
had
before
opposed
this
Prelate
,
had
not
done
it
,
but
that
the
King
was
at
their
head
;
and
the
King
himself
fearing
,
that
he
should
render
himself
suspected
and
might
make
the
Soldiers
believe
,
that
he
acted
only
for
his
particular
Interest
,
suffered
himself
at
length
to
be
hurried
down
this
impetuous
Torrent
,
and
concluded
as
the
rest
to
come
to
a
Battle
.
It
was
then
in
the
Month
of
July
,
that
the
Christian
Army
,
composed
of
above
seventy
thousand
men
,
without
computing
those
who
were
aboard
the
Fleet
,
year
1221
which
consisted
in
a
great
number
of
Vessels
,
marched
directly
against
the
Sultan
towards
Caire
,
which
is
about
thirty
Leagues
from
Damiata
.
They
marched
between
the
two
Eastern
Branches
of
the
Nile
,
the
Fleet
being
upon
their
right
hand
,
which
sailed
up
the
Tanitique
Arm
,
to
furnish
them
with
Provisions
,
and
if
there
were
occasion
to
combate
the
Vessels
of
the
Sarasins
.
Immediately
all
the
Enemies
which
were
in
the
Field
fled
and
retired
to
the
main
Body
of
the
Sarasin
Army
on
the
other
side
the
River
;
and
the
Christians
taking
this
flight
for
a
happy
presage
of
their
Victory
,
marched
pleasantly
,
almost
as
far
as
the
half-way
towards
Caire
,
to
the
Angle
which
these
two
Arms
of
the
Nile
make
,
where
they
must
of
necessity
stop
,
by
reason
that
the
Enemy
was
incamped
on
the
other
side
the
River
,
and
which
was
extremely
difficult
and
dangerous
to
pass
in
view
of
an
Army
more
numerous
than
theirs
.
Now
though
the
Sultan
saw
his
Design
begin
to
thrive
so
well
,
he
having
drawn
the
Christians
to
the
place
which
he
desired
,
yet
nevertheless
seeing
them
in
so
good
a
condition
,
and
that
they
were
much
stronger
than
he
had
believed
,
he
was
afraid
that
they
would
at
last
,
in
despight
of
all
his
Art
and
Force
,
find
some
way
to
pass
the
River
;
the
Christians
having
more
than
once
before
this
done
the
same
in
the
sight
of
stronger
Armies
than
his
:
For
this
reason
therefore
,
having
no
mind
to
be
constrained
to
expose
his
Empire
to
the
hazard
of
a
Battle
,
which
he
was
afraid
he
might
lose
,
he
chose
rather
once
more
to
offer
Peace
upon
the
same
conditions
which
he
had
before
proposed
;
adding
moreover
this
time
that
he
would
leave
them
in
the
peaceable
possession
of
Damiata
,
with
its
Territories
for
above
six
Leagues
round
about
it
,
provided
that
they
passed
no
farther
.
And
in
truth
this
was
all
that
which
the
Crusades
could
reasonably
have
desired
or
wished
for
;
nor
was
it
possible
to
make
a
Peace
either
more
glorious
or
more
advantageous
to
all
Christendom
;
since
thereby
they
would
most
assuredly
recover
the
whole
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
for
which
only
the
War
was
undertaken
,
without
the
Expence
of
one
drop
of
Christian
Blood
:
But
it
hath
been
an
observation
of
more
than
one
Ages
Experience
,
that
when
a
Person
,
who
is
not
acquainted
with
the
Mystery
and
Profession
of
War
,
takes
a
Fancy
in
his
imagination
to
the
honour
of
that
Employ
,
and
believes
that
he
ought
to
do
some
wonderful
action
to
render
himself
illustrious
and
considerable
by
his
Arms
;
there
is
nothing
which
he
will
not
do
to
satisfie
that
foolish
passion
,
which
usually
carries
him
further
than
his
Fear
,
the
common
and
natural
disposition
of
those
people
,
who
become
courageous
and
resolute
when
they
think
their
Enemies
timerous
and
cowardly
.
The
Legate
,
who
had
once
before
rejected
the
Propositions
of
Peace
,
was
now
so
far
from
hearkning
to
them
,
that
looking
upon
this
offer
of
the
Sultan's
,
as
an
indubitable
sign
,
that
he
was
in
his
own
opinion
desperate
,
and
gave
all
for
lost
,
unless
he
could
weather
this
dreadful
Tempest
which
hung
over
his
head
,
he
pressed
the
Commanders
now
more
vigorously
than
ever
,
to
come
to
the
decision
of
a
general
Battle
.
This
Legate
was
a
Spaniard
by
birth
,
and
by
profession
a
Benedictine
Monk
,
a
man
of
Spirit
and
great
Abilities
,
but
of
a
Nature
extremely
fierce
,
and
so
mightily
Opinionatretive
,
that
Pope
Innocent
the
Third
,
who
had
made
him
Cardinal
,
had
at
one
time
thoughts
of
depriving
him
of
that
Dignity
,
for
opposing
himself
singly
and
pertinaciously
against
a
Bulla
,
which
the
whole
Sacred
College
had
signed
in
favour
of
the
Cistercian
Monks
.
But
that
which
at
this
time
rendered
him
more
conceited
and
obstinate
in
his
own
Opinion
,
was
that
he
had
the
weakness
too
common
in
all
times
to
abundance
of
people
,
which
made
him
give
strange
credit
to
certain
Predictions
,
which
still
discovered
his
Vanity
and
Folly
,
and
with
which
he
continually
permitted
himself
to
be
abused
.
For
having
heard
it
said
in
his
Country
,
that
there
was
an
old
Prophecy
which
gave
assurance
,
that
at
that
time
there
should
a
man
go
out
of
Spain
,
who
should
ruin
and
overthrow
the
Sect
and
Empire
of
Mahomet
in
the
East
.
He
had
an
imagination
that
he
might
be
that
glorious
man
,
who
was
designed
by
the
Oracle
for
that
mighty
Action
,
and
consequently
that
he
ought
to
attempt
all
things
to
finish
that
admirable
Adventure
.
And
this
ridiculous
Fancy
was
the
reason
,
that
,
by
obstinately
refusing
the
Peace
which
the
Sultan
offered
upon
conditions
so
advantageous
to
the
Christians
,
whilest
he
coveted
all
,
he
lost
all
.
So
much
doth
it
import
Princes
not
to
trust
the
manage
of
their
Affairs
,
year
1221
but
to
such
Persons
who
govern
themselves
by
no
other
Rules
,
but
those
of
Conscience
,
Reason
,
Honour
,
the
Publick
Good
,
and
the
true
Interest
of
their
Masters
.
The
Sultan
,
who
then
perceived
that
he
had
to
do
with
people
whose
presumption
had
so
far
blinded
them
,
that
they
never
once
perceived
the
danger
into
which
by
an
extreme
imprudence
they
had
thrown
themselves
,
now
had
no
other
thoughts
,
but
how
to
oppose
their
passage
with
all
his
Forces
,
in
expectation
of
executing
the
design
which
he
had
formed
of
destroying
the
Christian
Army
,
without
ever
drawing
his
Sword
.
And
in
truth
he
guarded
the
other
Bank
of
the
Nile
so
well
,
as
it
was
easie
for
him
to
do
with
those
innumerable
Troops
,
which
he
had
disposed
in
all
places
where
there
was
any
possbility
of
landing
,
that
they
could
never
come
to
lay
a
Bridge
,
so
that
they
were
constrained
to
stay
between
the
two
Chanals
of
that
great
River
near
a
Month
,
wasting
the
time
in
little
Combats
and
Skirmishes
,
with
their
Arrows
cross
the
River
;
and
in
this
time
the
Army
was
lessened
by
ten
thousand
men
,
who
weary
of
this
slow
and
foolish
way
of
fighting
,
or
doubting
what
would
be
the
Event
,
and
fearing
that
which
happened
,
retired
in
good
time
to
Damiata
.
For
the
Nile
,
which
at
this
time
continually
increases
,
being
now
risen
to
that
height
which
the
Sultan
expected
,
he
caused
the
Sluces
to
be
opened
,
and
filled
all
the
great
Canals
,
which
cross
all
the
lower
Egypt
,
from
the
Western
Arm
of
the
Nile
,
which
anciently
was
called
Canopus
,
and
afterwards
Rossetta
,
about
two
miles
from
Alexandria
,
to
the
Pelusian
Branch
;
and
having
filled
these
Canals
,
he
brought
his
Ships
in
,
which
passing
over
to
the
Tanitique
below
Damiata
,
surprized
the
Christian
Fleet
,
which
expected
nothing
less
,
for
they
did
not
believe
they
could
come
thither
but
by
the
Tanitique
Chanal
,
and
by
Damiata
,
which
shut
up
that
passage
;
and
in
this
surprise
the
Christians
not
being
upon
any
Guard
,
the
Sarasins
,
who
were
for
the
purpose
provided
of
store
of
Greek
wild-fire
,
set
the
Ships
on
fire
at
their
pleasure
,
and
the
Christians
being
unfurnished
of
Materials
to
extinguish
it
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
Ships
were
burnt
,
and
they
hindred
the
rest
without
any
difficulty
,
from
carrying
Provisions
to
the
Army
.
The
Commanders
finding
now
too
late
,
that
it
was
impossible
for
them
either
long
to
subsist
there
,
or
to
pass
further
,
thought
of
retreating
towards
Damiata
,
marching
at
a
good
distance
from
the
River
,
and
the
Enemies
Fleet
,
which
they
kept
upon
their
left
hand
;
but
they
had
marched
but
a
little
way
,
when
the
Sultan
causing
the
other
Sluces
to
be
opened
,
all
the
little
Ditches
,
which
cross
the
Fields
were
presently
filled
,
and
the
water
continually
increasing
,
all
the
Country
was
so
drowned
in
a
few
hours
,
that
the
whole
Army
found
themselves
under
an
inevitable
danger
of
perishing
;
insomuch
that
they
were
forced
to
do
that
which
nothing
but
extream
necessity
could
excuse
,
by
constraining
them
to
accept
what
Meledin
by
a
most
surprizing
adventure
,
offered
them
at
the
same
time
to
draw
them
out
of
that
terrible
danger
,
to
which
they
were
reduced
.
For
whether
it
were
that
this
Sultan
,
who
naturally
had
abundance
of
humanity
,
could
not
see
so
many
Princes
and
Lords
of
the
highest
Quality
perish
in
this
miserable
manner
;
or
that
God
,
who
disposeth
absolutely
of
all
hearts
,
did
upon
this
occasion
mollifie
that
of
this
Egyptian
,
to
save
this
poor
Army
;
or
at
last
that
this
Prince
,
who
was
Wise
and
Politick
,
chose
rather
presently
to
draw
Damiata
out
of
the
hands
of
the
Christians
,
than
to
put
it
to
the
hazard
not
to
take
it
at
all
,
though
this
Army
should
be
lost
;
it
is
certain
that
he
offered
them
a
Truce
for
eight
years
,
which
was
instantly
accepted
,
upon
condition
that
Damiata
should
be
presently
surrendred
to
him
,
and
that
he
should
reciprocally
restore
the
true
Cross
,
which
had
been
taken
by
his
Uncle
Saladin
;
and
that
all
the
Prisoners
,
which
had
been
taken
on
both
sides
,
as
well
in
Egypt
as
in
Syria
,
should
be
set
at
liberty
.
Those
who
were
in
Garrison
at
Damiata
made
some
difficulty
of
surrendring
the
place
;
but
as
on
the
one
part
they
were
not
provided
to
maintain
a
long
Siege
,
and
that
on
the
other
the
Sultan
that
he
might
be
secure
of
it
,
would
have
the
King
himself
,
the
Legate
,
and
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
for
Hostages
,
there
was
a
necessity
of
yielding
it
;
so
that
the
Treaty
was
with
great
sidelity
performed
on
both
sides
,
and
Meledin
himself
did
such
things
as
could
not
be
reasonably
expected
from
a
Sarasin
,
year
1221
and
which
at
this
time
would
be
thought
no
dishonour
to
a
Christian
Prince
to
do
them
.
For
after
he
had
caused
the
Sluces
to
be
shut
up
,
and
the
water
to
be
let
out
to
leave
the
Christians
a
free
passage
,
he
also
furnished
them
with
plenty
of
Provisions
for
five
dayes
,
and
upon
the
rendition
of
Damiata
the
tenth
of
September
,
he
sent
his
Son
to
attend
the
King
and
Princes
,
and
to
furnish
them
magnificently
with
whatever
was
necessary
for
their
return
either
by
Sea
or
Land
into
Phoenicia
.
This
was
the
unhappy
Effect
which
was
produced
by
that
Division
,
which
always
continued
during
the
whole
War
,
between
the
King
of
Jerusalem
and
the
Legate
Pelagius
,
who
assuredly
had
done
much
better
,
if
according
to
his
Profession
,
and
the
Intention
of
him
from
whom
he
was
sent
,
he
had
not
gone
beyond
his
Commission
,
but
had
applied
himself
wholly
to
maintain
a
perfect
Union
among
the
Crusades
,
and
to
exhort
them
to
do
bravely
;
leaving
the
management
of
the
War
to
the
King
,
whom
God
hath
ordained
to
carry
the
Sword
,
and
to
make
use
of
it
upon
occasion
as
he
shall
judge
most
expedient
.
But
that
which
was
still
most
deplorable
,
was
that
this
loss
of
Damiata
,
was
the
thing
which
begot
that
sad
difference
between
the
Emperour
and
the
Holy
See
,
which
beginning
under
Pope
Honorius
,
upon
the
miscarriage
of
this
Crusade
,
had
those
dreadful
consequences
under
the
two
following
Popes
,
which
produced
an
infinite
number
of
mischiefs
to
the
Church
,
and
in
Italy
,
and
were
at
last
the
principal
cause
of
the
ruine
of
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
in
the
East
.
But
in
regard
,
that
it
is
in
this
part
of
History
where
the
Writers
observe
the
worst
measures
,
and
for
the
most
part
on
the
one
side
and
the
other
fall
into
the
Invective
and
Declamation
,
which
a
Historian
ought
above
all
things
to
avoid
,
as
the
most
dangerous
to
his
honour
,
and
the
credit
which
he
desires
to
have
in
the
World
,
I
have
,
therefore
,
indeavoured
to
secure
my self
from
that
prepossession
,
which
by
reason
of
my
profession
may
render
me
suspected
of
partiality
;
and
have
resolved
faithfully
and
impartially
to
relate
matters
of
fact
,
as
I
find
them
in
the
most
Authentick
Acts
and
Records
,
and
in
those
Authors
least
liable
to
Suspicion
or
Exception
,
without
undertaking
to
pass
my
Censure
and
Judgment
,
either
of
the
Intentions
of
People
,
which
only
appertains
to
God
;
or
of
the
right
,
which
they
either
had
,
or
had
not
to
do
as
they
then
did
;
leaving
this
wholly
to
the
pleasure
and
discretion
of
the
Reader
,
whom
it
is
necessary
that
I
should
first
make
acquainted
with
this
same
Emperour
Frederick
the
Second
,
of
whom
there
are
such
different
paintings
and
Portraicts
drawn
by
different
Historians
.
He
was
then
of
the
Age
of
near
eight
and
twenty
years
,
of
a
just
Stature
and
majestick
Shape
,
a
good
Proportion
,
and
a
Complexion
strong
and
vigorous
;
his
Face
was
very
agreeable
,
his
Hair
fair
,
inclining
something
to
yellow
,
and
in
the
turn
of
his
Mouth
,
his
Forehead
,
his
Eyes
,
and
his
whole
Face
,
there
was
a
certain
briskness
,
fine
and
sprightly
,
which
produced
in
those
who
saw
him
,
at
the
same
time
both
Love
and
Veneration
.
As
for
his
Mind
,
one
may
truly
say
that
he
had
there
a
strange
Medley
of
the
admirable
good
Qualities
of
his
Grandfather
,
and
the
ill
ones
of
his
Father
;
for
like
him
he
was
of
temper
,
very
vindicative
in
the
pursuit
of
his
Enemies
,
severe
and
vigorous
in
taking
his
revenge
even
to
cruelty
;
not
too
religious
or
exact
in
observing
his
Promises
,
nor
overburdened
with
true
Piety
or
Devotion
:
he
was
cunning
,
dexterous
,
and
a
notable
Dissembler
,
commonly
preferring
his
Interest
before
his
Conscience
;
and
above
all
,
an
excessive
lover
of
the
pleasures
and
delights
of
Sence
,
in
which
he
would
drown
himself
sometimes
,
even
to
Scandal
and
Infamy
.
But
on
the
other
part
,
it
must
not
be
concealed
or
denied
,
but
that
he
was
Master
of
many
most
admirable
Qualities
and
Perfections
worthy
of
a
Great
Prince
,
even
by
the
confession
of
his
very
Enemies
.
For
he
had
a
Heart
truly
Great
and
Noble
,
he
was
most
Liberal
and
Magnificent
,
and
above
all
things
never
failed
in
plentifully
rewarding
the
Services
which
were
done
for
him
;
he
was
Prudent
and
Mighty
knowing
in
Affairs
of
State
,
and
of
strong
natural
Parts
and
Reason
;
really
brave
,
and
a
most
excellent
Soldier
,
perfectly
a
Master
in
the
Trade
of
War
;
He
had
a
Mind
very
quick
,
apprehensive
,
and
generally
knowing
,
and
which
being
stored
with
a
large
stock
of
acquired
Learning
,
rendered
him
very
able
in
most
of
the
Liberal
Arts
,
but
more
particularly
in
Mechanicks
,
which
he
knew
even
to
perfection
;
and
that
which
was
still
more
rare
,
year
1221
he
spoke
six
several
Languages
so
well
,
that
in
any
one
of
them
he
was
able
to
express
himself
with
ease
and
Eloquence
,
either
in
the
Latin
,
Greek
,
Italian
,
French
,
German
,
or
Sarasin
;
he
was
a
great
admirer
and
lover
of
Learning
,
and
learned
men
,
for
whose
sake
he
caused
an
exact
Latin
Translation
of
the
Works
of
Aristotle
to
be
made
from
the
best
Copies
,
Greek
and
Arabian
,
of
which
he
made
a
Present
to
the
University
of
Bologne
.
Such
in
truth
was
this
Prince
,
of
whom
Authors
write
so
differently
;
the
various
passions
,
with
which
they
are
possessed
,
too
frequently
transporting
them
with
immoderate
and
unbecoming
heat
in
favour
of
the
several
Parties
and
Interests
which
they
follow
,
making
some
of
them
conceal
his
Vices
,
and
speak
of
nothing
but
his
Perfections
,
whilest
others
overlooking
all
his
good
Qualities
,
will
permit
the
Reader
to
see
only
with
their
Opticks
his
Vices
and
his
Faults
.
Now
the
Emperor
having
understood
in
Pavia
,
where
he
then
was
,
the
sad
news
of
the
loss
of
Damiata
,
which
was
brought
him
from
the
East
by
the
Great
Master
of
the
Teutonick
Order
,
he
sent
immediately
to
the
Pope
,
to
let
him
know
how
great
an
Affliction
this
misfortune
of
the
Christian
Army
was
unto
him
,
and
to
assure
him
that
he
would
omit
nothing
,
which
in
the
present
condition
of
his
Affairs
was
possible
for
him
to
do
,
to
put
himself
as
soon
as
could
be
into
a
condition
of
going
in
Person
with
a
powerful
Army
into
Syria
.
But
the
Pope
,
who
was
strucken
with
this
News
,
as
if
it
had
been
a
Thunderbolt
,
and
whose
Grief
admitted
of
no
Consolation
,
vented
his
Passion
by
writing
to
him
in
very
hard
Language
,
bitterly
complaining
of
him
,
and
accusing
him
of
being
the
occasion
of
this
Disaster
,
in
so
often
abusing
his
good
Nature
,
and
puting
off
his
Voyage
from
time
to
time
,
notwithstanding
that
he
stood
obliged
to
the
performance
of
it
,
both
by
his
Oath
and
Vow
;
laying
to
his
charge
the
guilt
of
this
great
blow
which
Christendom
had
received
by
the
deplorable
loss
in
Egypt
.
And
after
having
exhorted
him
to
repair
this
fault
by
immediately
conducting
into
Syria
the
Assistance
which
he
had
so
often
promised
,
protesting
that
if
he
did
not
do
it
without
any
longer
amusing
the
World
by
his
Excuses
and
Delaies
,
he
would
declare
him
,
and
cause
him
to
be
solemnly
denounced
,
to
his
confusion
,
an
Excommunicate
Person
throughout
the
Christian
World
,
as
a
Sacrilegious
Violater
of
the
Vow
which
he
had
made
unto
Almighty
God
.
year
1222
Frederick
,
who
believed
that
the
Gallies
of
Italy
,
and
the
Army
of
Germany
,
which
he
had
sent
to
Damiata
;
but
above
all
the
Importance
of
the
War
,
which
he
was
obliged
to
attend
in
Sicily
,
were
sufficient
Excuses
for
him
,
was
extreamly
provoked
by
these
Letters
and
these
Menaces
.
And
being
of
a
violent
Nature
when
he
was
shocked
,
and
the
good
Fortune
,
which
hitherto
in
all
his
Enterprises
had
attended
him
,
rendring
him
more
fierce
and
haughty
,
he
openly
broke
with
the
Pope
,
entred
upon
the
Lands
of
the
Church
,
which
he
said
belonged
to
the
Empire
;
he
chased
several
Bishops
out
of
the
Kingdoms
of
Naples
and
Sicily
,
who
were
suspected
to
favour
the
Pope
,
and
of
his
own
Authority
named
others
,
renewing
the
Ancient
Pretensions
of
the
Kings
of
Sicily
,
who
affirmed
that
this
Right
appertained
to
them
;
and
to
justifie
his
proceedings
he
made
a
long
Deduction
in
his
Manifest
,
how
many
and
great
Subjects
he
had
of
Complaint
for
the
Injustices
,
which
he
said
were
done
him
by
Pope
Innocent
,
his
Guardian
during
his
Minority
,
in
seizing
upon
,
and
usurping
his
Regalities
and
Rights
;
and
even
by
Honorius
also
,
whom
he
accused
to
have
,
contrary
to
all
Justice
,
exacted
many
things
of
him
,
which
he
was
constrained
to
yield
so
much
against
his
will
,
that
so
he
might
receive
from
him
the
Imperial
Crown
,
which
he
could
not
in
Justice
have
dispenced
with
himself
in
denying
to
place
it
upon
the
Head
of
an
Emperour
so
lawfully
Elected
,
and
who
had
two
several
times
before
been
Crowned
.
The
Pope
,
who
was
very
prudent
,
and
of
a
temper
very
soft
and
sweet
,
was
resolved
not
to
carry
matters
to
Extremity
;
and
therefore
he
answered
to
these
Complaints
,
that
he
was
a
Father
;
and
that
his
Son
though
he
were
disobedient
and
undutiful
,
yet
was
not
therefore
either
a
Stranger
or
an
Enemy
,
so
long
as
there
was
any
hope
that
he
might
return
to
his
Duty
.
He
therefore
satisfied
himself
to
answer
to
the
Complaints
and
Reproaches
of
Frederick
with
abundance
of
mildness
,
in
a
long
Letter
,
which
to
speak
properly
,
was
a
Manifest
,
or
Apology
for
the
Conduct
of
his
Predecessors
and
his
own
,
year
1222
in
reference
to
this
Prince
.
He
exhorted
him
also
by
other
Letters
,
full
of
Tenderness
and
Reason
,
seriously
to
recollect
himself
,
and
to
consider
,
that
as
he
was
Emperor
,
he
was
the
Protector
of
the
Church
,
and
that
therefore
he
ought
not
to
oppress
her
,
or
take
away
her
Liberties
;
but
to
take
pity
of
Christianity
in
the
East
,
which
held
up
her
suppliant
hands
to
him
,
from
whom
only
she
had
hopes
of
being
assisted
.
But
whether
Frederick
was
moved
by
these
Remonstrances
of
the
Pope
;
or
whether
he
feared
the
dangerous
consequences
of
this
Rupture
,
particularly
in
Lombardy
,
where
they
began
to
form
a
great
League
against
him
,
it
is
certain
that
this
procedure
sweetned
both
Parties
,
and
that
the
Emperor
satisfied
the
Pope
,
taking
all
his
Dominions
into
his
Protection
,
and
that
the
Pope
during
all
his
Pontificate
,
never
proceeded
further
than
these
Menaces
and
Anathema's
,
as
may
be
seen
plainly
by
the
Letters
of
Honorius
,
and
that
after
this
,
they
both
acted
by
Agreement
for
the
Succour
of
the
Holy
Land
,
in
this
following
manner
.
They
had
first
a
meeting
at
Veroli
,
between
the
Cities
of
Anagnia
and
Sora
,
where
after
a
Consultation
of
five
Dayes
with
the
Cardinals
,
they
ordained
that
there
should
be
another
Conference
,
to
which
were
to
be
invited
King
John
de
Brienne
,
the
Legate
Pelagius
,
the
Patriarch
,
and
the
Great
Masters
of
the
Temple
and
the
Hospital
,
who
were
better
able
than
any
others
to
give
them
such
an
understanding
of
these
Affairs
,
as
might
enable
them
to
come
to
the
last
Resolution
upon
them
.
After
which
the
Emperor
sent
four
Gallies
to
bring
them
over
,
and
upon
their
arrival
this
famous
Conference
was
appointed
to
be
held
in
Champagne
in
Italy
the
year
following
.
There
it
was
that
to
ingage
Frederick
more
strongly
than
ever
to
undertake
this
Holy
War
,
year
1223
it
was
agreed
by
common
consent
,
that
this
Prince
,
who
had
in
the
preceeding
year
lost
the
Empress
Constantia
his
Wife
,
the
Daughter
of
the
King
of
Aragon
,
should
marry
the
Princess
Jolante
,
the
Daughter
of
King
John
de
Brienne
,
the
Heiress
of
the
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
,
in
the
Conquest
whereof
it
was
believed
he
would
take
more
Interest
than
before
,
when
it
should
be
his
own
Estate
for
which
he
was
to
sight
.
It
was
also
ordained
,
that
in
two
Years
he
should
part
with
all
the
Forces
of
the
Empire
at
Midsummer
,
to
which
those
that
were
present
,
and
Parties
obliged
themselves
by
a
Solemn
Oath
,
that
whoever
should
fail
in
the
performance
of
his
Promise
,
should
be
Excommunicate
.
After
which
the
Pope
,
the
Emperor
,
and
the
King
of
Jerusalem
parted
,
every
one
to
indeavour
for
his
part
,
according
to
his
power
,
to
dispose
all
things
for
this
Holy
War
,
which
was
to
be
begun
two
Years
after
.
For
this
purpose
,
the
King
of
Jerusalem
,
who
was
able
to
do
nothing
more
in
Europe
,
but
to
sollicite
the
Princes
to
contribute
their
part
to
this
War
,
went
to
desire
the
Assistance
of
England
,
Spain
,
Germany
,
and
above
all
in
France
,
where
he
arrived
a
little
before
the
Death
of
Philip
the
August
,
his
Benefactor
and
Protector
.
This
great
Prince
,
who
had
laboured
under
a
Quartan
Ague
for
above
a
Year
,
and
who
nevertheless
did
not
cease
to
visit
his
Provinces
,
and
always
to
carry
himself
as
a
Great
King
,
with
all
the
strength
imaginable
of
a
Soul
,
which
did
not
seem
to
be
concerned
at
the
weakness
of
the
Body
,
died
this
Year
at
the
Castle
of
Mante
,
the
fourteenth
day
of
July
,
in
the
eight
and
fiftieth
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
the
three
and
thirtieth
of
his
Reign
,
which
by
the
Glory
of
his
Actions
,
by
his
Heroick
Qualities
,
by
his
Power
,
and
by
the
Force
of
his
Arms
,
he
had
rendred
the
most
flourishing
of
all
that
France
had
ever
seen
since
that
of
Charlemagne
.
And
as
he
had
worn
the
Cross
in
the
third
Crusade
,
which
was
famous
for
the
remarkable
winning
of
the
City
of
Ptolemais
;
so
he
gave
in
his
Will
a
Noble
Testimony
of
the
Zeal
which
he
still
preserved
for
the
Glory
of
Jesus
Christ
,
and
for
the
Deliverance
of
his
Holy
Sepulchre
.
For
among
other
Magnificent
Effects
of
his
pious
Liberality
,
which
are
therein
to
be
observed
,
for
the
comfort
and
relief
of
the
Poor
,
for
the
Deliverance
and
Ransom
of
the
Wife
of
Amauri
,
Count
de
Montfort
,
who
was
a
Prisoner
amongst
the
Albigenses
,
and
for
other
Works
of
Christian
Piety
,
he
bequeathed
three
hundred
thousand
Livres
for
the
Relief
of
the
Holy
Land
;
one
hundred
thousand
to
King
John
de
Brienne
,
and
so
much
to
each
of
the
two
great
Masters
of
the
Temple
,
and
the
Hospital
;
nor
was
his
going
of
the
Theater
of
the
World
less
glorious
than
his
Actions
on
it
;
year
1223
for
there
being
at
that
time
a
Council
assembled
at
Paris
against
the
Albigenses
,
they
all
assisted
at
his
Funerals
,
as
did
also
the
King
of
Jerusalem
,
who
was
also
present
at
the
Coronation
of
Lewis
the
eighth
,
the
Son
and
Successor
of
King
Philip.
As
for
the
Pope
,
he
being
perswaded
that
it
was
to
be
in
his
Papacy
,
that
Palestine
was
to
be
reconquered
,
which
was
the
thing
of
the
World
which
he
most
desired
,
he
did
all
that
lay
in
his
power
to
render
the
Crusade
following
most
numerous
and
powerful
.
He
sent
new
Preachers
throughout
Europe
to
excite
the
People
to
undertake
it
;
he
writ
to
the
Bishops
to
oblige
them
to
preach
it
themselves
,
and
to
collect
all
the
Money
,
which
the
Ecclesiasticks
were
obliged
to
contribute
out
of
their
Revenues
towards
the
carrying
on
of
the
Holy
War
.
And
in
short
he
did
all
that
it
was
possible
for
him
to
do
,
to
oblige
the
Christian
Kings
and
Princes
to
make
Peace
among
themselves
,
and
to
join
their
Forces
to
those
of
the
Emperor
,
and
to
march
in
Person
with
him
to
pertake
of
the
Glory
of
delivering
the
Sepulchre
of
Jesus
Christ
.
year
1224
The
Emperor
Frederick
also
in
this
time
,
acted
in
such
a
manner
as
might
make
it
be
believed
that
he
applied
himself
cordially
to
make
preparations
for
such
an
Enterprise
worthy
of
himself
:
For
he
caused
to
be
built
and
equipped
,
in
the
several
Ports
of
the
Kindgdoms
of
Naples
and
Sicily
,
one
hundred
Gallies
very
well
Armed
,
and
fifty
Ships
of
Burden
,
able
to
carry
two
thousand
men
at
Arms
,
and
their
Horses
,
and
ten
thousand
Foot
;
besides
an
infinite
of
other
Vessels
,
which
he
had
already
in
other
Ports
,
without
accounting
those
also
,
which
he
designed
to
have
from
the
other
Ports
of
Italy
,
which
all
together
were
sufficient
to
transport
as
great
an
Army
of
Crusades
,
as
would
in
probability
undertake
that
Voyage
.
And
in
regard
that
the
War
,
which
he
then
made
with
the
Sarasins
,
who
at
that
time
also
possessed
some
part
of
Sicily
,
was
upon
the
point
of
being
very
fortunately
ended
,
would
not
permit
him
to
go
in
person
to
hold
the
Diet
in
Germany
to
move
the
Princes
to
go
to
this
Holy
War
;
he
sent
thither
the
great
Master
of
the
Teutonick
Order
,
to
sollicite
in
his
behalf
the
Duke
of
Austria
,
the
Lantgrave
of
Thuringia
,
and
the
other
Princes
of
the
Empire
,
as
also
the
King
of
Hungary
to
prepare
for
the
undertaking
of
this
Enterprise
,
promising
that
he
would
furnish
all
the
Crusades
with
money
,
shipping
and
Provisions
,
and
what
ever
should
be
necessary
for
their
transportation
.
year
1225
Never
was
there
any
thing
more
promising
or
effective
in
all
appearance
than
this
Application
of
the
Emperor
;
insomuch
that
it
seemed
beyond
the
Possibility
of
doubting
,
but
that
Frederick
would
certainly
march
at
the
head
of
a
most
gallant
Army
into
the
East
.
But
whether
it
were
that
this
Prince
feared
that
his
absence
might
prove
extreme
prejudicial
to
him
in
the
present
Condition
of
his
Affairs
,
and
that
it
would
encourage
the
League
,
which
he
knew
was
formed
against
his
Interests
in
Lombardy
;
or
whether
it
were
that
he
was
resolved
before
his
departure
to
put
himself
in
Possession
of
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
by
accomplishing
his
Marriage
with
Jolante
;
or
possibly
that
he
thought
it
wholly
unjust
and
ungenerous
to
break
the
Truce
,
which
had
been
made
with
the
Sultans
,
Meledin
and
Coradin
,
by
which
the
whole
Christian
Army
was
saved
,
which
must
otherwise
have
infallibly
perished
;
it
is
certain
that
upon
a
request
,
which
was
presented
to
Honorius
upon
the
Part
of
the
Emperor
,
the
Pope
after
having
thereupon
taken
the
Advice
of
the
Sacred
College
,
consented
that
the
Voyage
should
be
put
off
for
two
years
,
accounting
from
the
Month
of
August
in
the
Year
1225
,
till
the
same
Month
in
the
Year
1227
,
and
he
also
consented
to
those
advantageous
Conditions
,
which
Frederick
himself
proposed
,
and
to
which
he
obliged
himself
in
the
City
of
St.
Germain
,
in
the
presence
of
his
Barons
,
inviolably
to
observe
,
upon
pain
of
Excommunication
,
which
the
Cardinals
of
Albano
,
and
St.
Martin
,
the
Pope's
Legates
to
conclude
this
treaty
,
were
instantly
to
pronounce
against
him
in
case
of
his
Failure
in
the
Performance
of
what
he
had
promised
.
year
1226
Not
long
after
the
Princess
Jolante
,
for
whom
the
Emperor
had
sent
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Capua
with
fourteen
Gallies
,
happily
arriving
at
Brindes
,
she
was
conducted
by
him
to
Rome
,
where
the
Ceremonies
of
their
Marriage
having
been
performed
by
the
Pope
,
she
was
in
St.
Peter's
Church
crowned
Empress
and
Queen
of
Jerusalem
,
with
a
marvellous
applause
of
the
People
of
Rome
,
who
never
made
their
joy
more
conspicuous
,
year
1226
than
by
all
the
magnificent
Testimonies
of
rejoycing
,
upon
this
occasion
.
But
the
satisfaction
,
which
John
de
Brienne
received
from
this
Marriage
,
which
was
of
his
own
procuring
,
and
which
he
looked
upon
as
his
principal
support
,
did
not
continue
long
.
For
Frederick
,
who
was
resolved
to
have
the
present
enjoyment
of
what
he
desired
,
and
could
not
perswade
his
hope
to
live
upon
the
spare
diet
of
future
incertainty
,
told
his
Father-in-Law
,
that
he
was
absolutely
resolved
from
that
moment
,
to
have
the
Soveraignty
,
the
Rights
,
the
Titles
and
the
Demesnes
of
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
which
appertained
to
him
,
as
the
Dowry
of
the
Empress
his
Wife
,
and
that
he
would
not
permit
any
other
to
enjoy
them
.
This
Poor
Prince
to
whom
the
Great
Master
of
the
Teutonick
Order
,
had
promised
upon
the
Treaty
of
this
Marriage
,
that
he
should
during
his
life
enjoy
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
was
strangely
surprized
at
this
discourse
,
which
he
had
so
little
expected
.
But
as
he
was
not
in
a
condition
to
oppose
the
Will
of
an
Emperor
,
who
was
resolved
to
make
himself
be
obeyed
,
and
moreover
that
the
disobliging
manner
,
with
which
he
was
treated
,
made
him
sensible
that
the
Emperor
was
highly
incensed
against
him
,
there
was
a
necessity
that
he
should
strip
himself
of
all
,
and
renounce
all
his
Rights
and
pretensions
to
that
Realm
to
yield
it
to
Frederick
;
and
ever
since
that
time
the
Kings
of
Naples
and
Sicily
,
have
added
in
their
bearing
the
Cross
of
Jerusalem
to
their
other
Arms.
It
had
like
also
to
have
happened
,
that
the
Emperor
,
not
contented
to
have
dispoiled
him
of
his
Kingdom
,
failed
but
little
of
taking
his
life
also
,
as
well
as
that
of
his
Nephew
Gautier
,
Count
de
Champagne
,
the
Son
of
him
who
had
done
such
gallant
actions
in
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
in
the
time
of
Pope
Innocent
.
For
some
People
having
put
it
into
the
Emperors
head
,
that
this
Count
,
who
was
the
Son
of
the
Daughter
of
Tancred
,
King
of
Sicily
,
pretended
a
Right
to
that
Kingdom
,
and
that
his
Uncle
secretly
encouraged
and
assisted
him
in
caballing
and
making
a
strong
Party
to
seize
upon
it
,
this
suspicion
had
like
to
have
cost
them
both
their
lives
;
for
there
is
nothing
,
which
makes
Princes
so
easily
dip
their
hands
in
Blood
as
Jealousie
of
State
,
a
disease
,
which
,
when
once
it
gets
the
Possession
of
the
minds
of
Great
men
,
drives
them
to
the
most
outrageous
Extremities
,
so
that
it
hath
been
often
seen
,
that
neither
the
Fathers
have
spared
their
Children
,
nor
Children
their
Parents
,
when
the
Jealousie
hath
been
concerning
Crowns
and
Scepters
.
The
Uncle
and
the
Nephew
therefore
to
secure
themselves
,
not
trusting
to
the
good
Intervals
of
an
humour
,
which
rarely
is
able
wholly
to
overcome
even
the
most
groundless
suspicious
,
thought
best
to
retire
out
of
the
reach
of
danger
,
the
Count
into
his
Earldom
of
Brienne
in
Champagne
,
and
King
John
to
Rome
,
where
he
put
himself
under
the
Protection
of
the
Pope
,
who
had
a
wonderful
esteem
for
this
Prince
,
and
who
to
no
purpose
did
what
he
could
by
his
Remonstrances
,
and
by
his
intreaties
,
to
oblige
Frederick
to
restore
the
Crown
of
Jerusalem
to
him
for
his
Life
;
but
not
being
able
to
prevail
,
that
he
might
in
some
manner
comfort
him
for
his
disgrace
,
he
made
him
Governour
of
the
greatest
part
of
the
Ecclesiastick
Dominions
.
But
although
this
discreet
Pope
,
had
no
great
reason
to
be
satisfied
,
with
a
proceeding
of
the
Emperor
so
little
obliging
;
nevertheless
as
he
desired
nothing
so
much
,
as
to
quiet
all
those
discords
and
Wars
,
which
might
be
prejudicial
to
that
,
which
he
so
much
desired
,
should
be
made
against
the
Enemies
of
Jesus
Christ
and
his
Church
,
he
did
not
forbear
doing
what
was
most
advantageous
for
the
Emperors
Interest
,
insomuch
that
he
perswaded
the
greatest
part
of
the
Cities
of
Lombardy
,
who
were
confederated
against
him
,
to
lay
down
their
Arms
;
and
obliged
himself
to
obtain
their
Peace
and
pardon
,
with
the
Conservation
of
their
Privileges
,
and
Immunities
,
upon
condition
that
they
should
at
their
own
charge
,
maintain
a
certain
number
of
Soldiers
to
serve
under
the
Emperor
for
two
years
,
in
the
Holy
War
.
It
was
for
the
same
reason
that
he
hindred
Henry
the
third
,
King
of
England
,
from
Enterprizing
any
thing
against
France
,
whilest
Lewis
the
eighth
made
War
against
the
Albigenses
.
That
King
prosecuted
the
War
against
them
with
so
much
heat
and
Zeal
,
that
he
did
not
spare
continually
to
expose
his
Royal
Person
to
all
hazards
and
dangers
;
and
after
having
taken
Avignion
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
considerable
places
in
Languedoc
,
he
was
seized
with
that
dangerous
Malady
,
which
was
got
into
his
Army
,
year
1226
of
which
he
died
at
Montpensier
,
the
eight
of
November
in
the
fourtieth
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
the
third
of
his
Reign
,
leaving
for
his
Successor
his
eldest
Son
,
Lewis
the
ninth
,
of
the
Age
of
twelve
years
,
under
the
Regence
of
the
Queen
his
Mother
,
Blanch
of
Castile
.
This
was
he
who
by
the
August
Sirname
of
Lewis
the
Saint
,
which
was
given
him
by
God
,
by
the
Authority
which
he
hath
given
to
his
Church
,
hath
made
himself
be
more
gloriously
distinguished
by
that
title
since
his
death
,
than
all
other
Kings
have
done
during
their
lives
,
by
all
the
most
Illustrious
Sirnames
and
most
magnificent
appellations
,
which
men
have
bestowed
upon
them
.
At
last
the
term
drawing
near
,
wherein
the
Emperor
had
obliged
himself
to
begin
this
Voyage
,
and
that
all
things
appeared
better
disposed
than
ever
they
had
been
before
to
the
undertaking
,
the
Pope
believed
that
the
deciding
Blow
,
which
he
had
so
long
desired
,
was
now
certainly
to
be
given
:
And
therefore
redoubling
his
Efforts
,
as
one
shall
see
a
Flambeau
blaze
out
twice
or
thrice
with
mighty
Force
before
it
is
extinguished
,
so
he
pressed
the
Crusades
with
so
much
Ardour
,
that
an
infinite
number
of
them
came
from
all
Europe
into
Italy
;
it
is
reported
that
out
of
England
alone
there
came
above
sixty
thousand
men
,
to
whom
the
appearance
of
a
marvellous
Crucifix
from
Heaven
all
glorious
and
shining
,
in
which
were
plainly
to
be
seen
the
five
Wounds
,
had
given
so
much
Courage
,
that
they
desired
nothing
so
much
as
to
combat
and
to
die
for
Jesus
Christ
.
But
as
this
devout
Pope
believed
that
he
should
enjoy
upon
Earth
the
Fruit
of
so
much
care
and
pains
as
he
had
taken
to
assemble
so
many
Crusades
,
he
was
taken
more
happily
for
himself
to
receive
them
in
Heaven
;
from
whence
he
might
see
,
though
without
trouble
,
in
a
small
time
after
,
that
which
would
have
sufficiently
afflicted
him
in
this
life
,
that
the
Success
of
this
Crusade
proved
quite
otherways
than
he
had
vainly
flattered
himself
withal
in
the
time
of
his
Pontificate
.
But
that
a
man
may
therefore
never
be
disappointed
,
there
is
nothing
better
than
for
any
Person
constantly
to
do
what
he
ought
to
do
,
and
what
he
can
do
,
without
promising
himself
any
certainty
of
future
contingencies
and
Events
,
for
which
God
alone
is
able
to
answer
.
year
1227
He
died
at
Rome
the
sixth
of
March
in
the
Year
1227
;
and
two
days
after
the
Sacred
College
by
common
consent
,
gave
him
for
his
Successor
,
the
famous
Hugoline
Cardinal
of
Ostia
,
who
took
the
name
of
Gregory
the
ninth
.
He
was
Nephew
to
Innocent
the
third
,
who
had
imployed
him
in
the
most
important
Affairs
of
the
Church
;
a
man
of
a
mighty
Spirit
,
well
made
,
and
of
a
Port
extremely
Majestick
,
very
knowing
,
a
great
Canonist
,
and
of
an
irreproachable
Life
,
to
whom
St.
Francis
,
whose
order
he
took
into
his
Protection
,
had
predicted
that
he
should
be
Pope
.
He
was
in
short
of
great
Courage
,
and
incapable
of
yielding
even
in
the
greatest
dangers
,
but
withal
too
quick
in
Execution
of
what
he
proposed
without
fearing
the
Consequences
how
mischeivous
soever
they
might
happen
to
be
.
The
first
thing
that
he
did
after
his
Exaltation
,
was
to
pursue
the
Enterprise
of
his
Predecessor
,
and
to
press
the
Emperor
Frederick
to
put
himself
as
soon
as
it
was
possible
into
a
Condition
to
perform
what
he
had
so
solemnly
promised
.
This
Prince
,
who
after
so
many
delays
,
durst
no
longer
desire
the
time
to
be
prolonged
,
appointed
the
Rendevouz
to
be
at
Brindes
,
where
the
Shipping
lay
all
ready
for
the
Transportation
of
that
Infinite
number
of
Crusades
,
who
descended
from
all
parts
of
Italy
.
But
as
they
came
into
Pavia
,
during
the
great
heats
of
the
Summer
,
which
in
that
Country
are
excessive
,
an
Epidemical
Distemper
began
to
disperse
it self
among
them
,
which
took
off
a
great
number
,
and
made
others
withdraw
themselves
,
though
few
of
them
ever
returned
into
their
own
Country
,
but
perished
miserably
by
the
Way
.
That
which
further
contributed
to
the
diminution
of
the
Army
,
was
,
that
a
certain
Imposture
,
set
up
by
some
of
the
Principal
Persons
in
Rome
,
who
had
no
kindness
for
the
Pope
,
as
it
appeared
presently
after
,
counterfeited
an
Authority
and
Power
from
Gregory
,
who
had
appointed
him
his
Vicar
,
for
that
purpose
,
to
take
of
the
Cross
from
such
as
desired
to
be
dispensed
with
,
as
to
the
Performance
of
the
Voyage
,
and
to
commute
their
Vow
into
some
considerable
Alms
,
of
which
this
Cheat
made
his
own
advantage
.
It
is
true
that
he
was
taken
by
the
order
of
the
Pope
,
year
1227
and
paid
the
price
of
his
imposture
;
but
it
was
not
till
after
many
,
who
were
very
glad
to
be
dispensed
with
from
a
Voyage
,
which
they
found
already
to
be
troublesome
and
dangerous
,
had
quitted
the
Cross
by
this
Way
,
which
they
believed
was
a
very
lawful
and
authentick
way
of
being
disbanded
.
In
short
,
those
who
remained
into
Pavia
came
to
Brindes
,
with
the
Emperor
,
and
Lewis
,
Lantgrave
of
Thuringia
and
Hesse
,
who
had
conducted
a
gallant
Troop
of
Germans
,
who
were
imbarked
about
the
middle
of
August
,
and
sailed
towards
Syria
,
not
doubting
but
they
should
be
followed
by
the
Emperor
,
who
seemed
continually
disposed
and
ready
to
part
thither
also
.
And
accordingly
so
soon
as
he
saw
the
Lantgrave
a
little
recovered
of
some
Fits
of
a
Fever
,
which
he
had
gotten
in
a
little
Island
near
Brindes
,
whether
he
had
gone
to
divert
himself
,
he
put
to
Sea
the
eight
of
September
with
this
Prince
and
the
Patriarch
of
Jerusalem
,
and
those
few
Troops
which
remained
.
But
he
sailed
not
far
,
for
the
third
day
of
the
Navigation
,
he
commanded
them
of
a
sudden
to
tack
about
,
and
stand
for
the
Port
of
Otranto
,
alledging
that
he
found
himself
much
indisposed
,
and
that
in
the
Condition
wherein
he
was
,
he
could
not
possibly
brook
the
Sea
.
But
this
little
Voyage
was
very
unfortunate
to
the
poor
Lantgrave
,
for
the
Fever
redoubling
upon
him
,
he
died
in
a
few
days
after
,
receiving
the
Sacrament
from
the
hands
of
the
Patriarch
with
great
Piety
and
Devotion
.
He
was
a
Prince
of
an
extraordinary
merit
,
and
had
so
well
profited
by
the
Admirable
Example
of
his
Wise
St.
Elizabeth
,
the
Daughter
of
Andrew
,
King
of
Hungary
,
to
whom
he
did
not
yield
in
Sanctity
;
and
it
is
said
that
it
pleased
God
to
make
his
Piety
more
resplendent
after
his
death
by
diverse
Miracles
,
which
were
done
at
his
Tomb.
I
cannot
affirm
positively
what
effect
the
death
of
this
Prince
had
upon
the
Soul
of
Frederick
;
or
whether
he
believed
,
that
it
furnished
him
with
a
specious
Pretext
to
break
of
his
Voyage
;
but
it
is
certain
that
after
this
he
thought
no
more
of
departing
;
but
continually
pretended
that
his
Malady
was
the
Obstacle
to
it
;
insomuch
that
near
forty
thousand
Crusades
,
who
were
gone
before
him
,
hearing
this
news
they
also
suddenly
returned
to
Brindes
,
and
from
thence
into
their
respective
Countries
.
Now
the
Pope
,
who
was
then
at
Anagnia
,
being
informed
in
what
manner
the
Emperor
,
after
having
begun
the
Voyage
,
had
broken
it
off
,
he
was
seized
with
an
excessive
Grief
,
seing
all
the
hopes
,
which
he
had
of
the
happy
Success
of
this
Crusade
,
vanished
in
a
moment
.
He
had
no
Consideration
of
what
was
alledged
concerning
the
Indisposition
of
the
Emperor
;
he
believed
that
it
was
all
a
Fiction
,
and
nothing
but
a
false
pretext
,
which
this
Prince
made
,
who
notwithstanding
all
his
Oaths
,
had
no
Inclination
to
accomplish
his
Vow
,
thereby
to
elude
the
Punishments
both
of
God
and
man
.
And
therefore
without
deferring
any
longer
,
and
without
having
recourse
to
Menaces
,
or
so
much
as
giving
him
any
notice
of
it
,
or
giving
him
longer
time
as
had
been
done
before
,
he
went
in
his
Pontifical
Robes
,
accompanied
with
the
Cardinals
and
the
Prelates
,
the
nine
and
twentieth
day
of
September
,
being
St.
Michael's
day
,
to
the
great
Church
,
where
he
solemnly
declared
him
excommunicate
,
according
to
the
Sentence
to
which
he
himself
had
voluntarily
submitted
before
the
two
Legates
of
the
late
deceased
Pope
.
At
the
same
time
he
writ
to
the
Princes
,
and
Bishops
throughout
all
Christendom
his
circular
Letters
,
wherein
he
shewed
the
reasons
which
had
obliged
him
to
have
recourse
to
this
severe
Method
,
which
was
the
Crimes
,
the
Perjuries
and
the
Artifices
of
the
Emperor
;
and
especially
,
That
having
nothing
in
readiness
for
the
transportation
of
the
Crusades
at
the
time
prefixed
,
that
he
had
with
a
formed
design
of
mischeif
stopped
them
,
that
so
the
greatest
part
of
the
Army
might
perish
by
the
Intemperance
of
the
Air
,
during
the
excessive
heats
of
the
year
as
accordingly
it
had
unfortunately
happened
.
And
in
short
,
he
said
,
that
this
Prince
nevertheless
having
not
the
Power
to
stop
them
all
,
but
that
in
despight
of
his
detestable
Arts
,
there
still
remained
a
great
number
,
who
having
set
sail
for
Syria
,
he
had
basely
abandoned
them
,
under
the
pretence
of
a
feigned
Sickness
,
by
the
most
abominable
Artifice
,
that
so
he
might
return
into
his
Realm
and
there
plunge
himself
in
his
scandalous
Debauches
.
On
the
contrary
,
Frederick
furiously
incensed
against
the
Pope
,
and
resolving
,
being
as
he
was
,
Potent
and
Vindicative
,
to
carry
matters
to
the
utmost
Extremities
of
Revenge
,
failed
not
also
on
his
part
to
send
to
all
the
Kings
of
Europe
,
year
1227
and
to
all
the
Princes
of
the
Empire
,
his
Manifest
in
answer
to
the
Pope's
Letters
,
wherein
,
After
having
protested
,
that
the
pressing
Affairs
of
his
Estate
,
and
the
War
,
which
he
was
constrained
to
make
against
his
Rebels
,
had
obliged
him
to
desire
those
prolongations
of
time
from
the
Pope
,
which
could
not
with
any
manner
of
Justice
be
denyed
him
;
That
he
took
God
to
Witness
,
that
it
was
no
feigned
but
a
real
Indisposition
of
Body
,
which
hindred
him
from
pursuing
that
Holy
Voyage
,
which
he
had
begun
with
a
most
real
Intention
of
performing
it
;
and
that
in
despight
of
the
Injustice
,
which
was
done
him
,
he
was
resolved
so
soon
as
he
was
in
a
Condition
for
it
,
to
undertake
it
anew
.
And
then
inlarging
himself
in
sharp
Invectives
,
against
the
abuses
and
the
Crimes
,
whereof
he
accused
the
Court
of
Rome
,
he
did
what
he
could
to
interest
all
Crowned
heads
in
that
which
he
said
was
their
several
and
particular
concern
;
and
to
perswade
them
to
unite
with
him
,
to
oppose
those
Vsurpations
,
which
were
designed
against
them
and
their
temporal
Rights
which
they
held
only
and
immediately
from
God
alone
.
These
Letters
,
which
on
both
sides
were
with
great
diligence
dispatched
to
all
places
,
produced
the
Effects
,
which
are
usual
in
such
quarrels
as
happen
between
Great
men
,
which
is
to
divide
into
parties
the
People
and
the
Writers
of
those
times
;
some
declaring
themselves
for
the
Pope
,
others
for
the
Emperor
,
and
both
the
one
and
the
other
,
accusing
their
adverse
Party
of
Calumnies
and
Impostures
.
But
the
Emperor
,
who
was
resolved
to
make
use
of
other
Arms
besides
Invectives
,
that
he
might
make
his
Vengeance
the
more
remarkable
,
instead
of
seeking
for
the
Favour
of
absolution
as
the
Pope
by
his
Letters
invited
him
to
do
,
found
means
to
chase
the
Pope
from
Rome
.
For
having
got
to
him
the
Frangepanis
,
year
1228
and
diverse
other
great
Lords
,
and
Roman
Barons
,
who
endeavoured
nothing
so
much
as
powerfully
to
establish
their
own
Fortunes
;
He
made
them
Princes
and
Feudatories
of
the
Empire
,
after
a
manner
very
advantageous
unto
them
.
For
he
bought
all
their
Lands
for
ready
Money
,
which
he
presently
surrendred
to
them
again
to
be
held
of
him
in
Fee
,
by
making
them
take
an
Oath
to
do
him
true
and
Faithful
Service
,
and
to
obey
all
his
Orders
without
exception
;
so
that
upon
their
return
to
Rome
,
the
Pope
having
upon
Holy
Thursday
anew
excommunicated
the
Emperor
,
they
raised
against
him
such
a
horrible
Sedition
among
the
People
,
who
in
those
times
did
not
love
the
Domination
of
the
Popes
,
that
he
was
constrained
to
quit
Rome
,
and
for
his
Security
to
retire
to
Perusa
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Emperor
,
who
omitted
nothing
to
satiate
his
Revenge
,
terribly
prosecuted
the
Ecclesiasticks
,
whom
he
believed
to
adhere
to
the
Pope
,
ravaging
their
Lands
,
and
the
Patrimony
of
the
Church
by
the
Sarasins
,
whom
he
had
transported
out
of
Sicily
into
Pavia
,
pillaging
and
Sacking
the
Houses
of
the
Templers
,
and
the
Hospitallers
,
whom
he
held
for
Enemies
;
and
by
his
Lieutenants
making
a
most
cruel
War
in
the
Duchies
of
Spoleta
and
Beneventum
,
and
in
the
Marquisate
of
Ancona
,
from
whence
King
John
de
Brienne
,
whom
Gregory
set
to
oppose
him
as
his
particular
Enemy
,
repulsed
his
Troops
,
being
speedily
assisted
by
a
powerful
Succour
from
the
Lombards
,
who
upon
this
occasion
manifested
a
very
great
Zeal
for
the
Service
of
the
Church
.
But
all
these
Hostilities
did
not
at
last
hinder
Frederick
from
taking
the
resolution
to
undertake
the
Voyage
into
Palestine
;
to
which
he
found
himself
obliged
by
many
reasons
.
For
that
it
might
appear
that
the
Sickness
which
he
had
made
use
of
for
the
Excuse
of
his
delay
,
was
not
feigned
,
he
had
engaged
his
Word
to
all
the
Princes
of
Europe
,
that
so
soon
as
his
health
would
permit
him
he
would
pass
into
Syria
,
and
that
being
now
very
well
established
,
there
was
a
necessity
that
he
should
make
good
his
Promise
,
lest
otherwise
he
might
incurr
the
disfavour
,
and
ill
opinion
of
so
many
great
Princes
,
as
he
should
thereby
delude
.
Moreover
the
Patriarch
of
Jerusalem
,
to
whom
he
had
given
two
Gallies
at
Otranto
,
and
all
the
other
Commanders
of
the
Crusades
,
who
were
already
passed
into
Syria
had
writ
the
most
pressing
Letters
to
the
Pope
,
which
he
sent
all
over
Europe
to
oblige
all
Faithful
People
to
go
to
the
relief
of
their
Christian
Brethren
in
Palestine
.
Besides
,
Frederick
was
afraid
lest
John
de
Brienne
should
put
himself
at
the
head
of
those
,
who
would
go
and
recover
the
Kingdom
of
which
he
had
despoiled
him
.
And
in
short
the
Empress
Jolante
,
who
died
after
her
Lying-in
,
had
left
him
a
Son
called
Conrade
,
who
assuring
the
Crown
of
Jerusalem
to
his
House
,
well
deserved
that
he
should
be
at
the
Pains
to
recover
it
out
of
the
hands
of
the
Sarasins
;
year
1228
so
that
all
these
things
considered
he
resolved
,
notwithstanding
the
War
,
which
he
had
with
the
Pope
,
to
pass
over
into
Palestine
.
For
this
purpose
having
assembled
all
the
Great
men
of
his
Realm
at
Barletta
,
and
those
of
Germany
,
who
had
followed
him
into
Italy
he
ascended
a
Throne
,
which
he
had
caused
to
be
erected
in
the
middle
of
a
great
field
filled
with
an
infinite
number
of
People
,
who
flocked
from
all
parts
to
this
new
and
magnificent
Spectacle
,
and
in
this
lofty
manner
he
was
resolved
to
declare
his
intention
,
that
so
it
might
make
the
greater
noise
in
the
World
,
and
persuade
the
whole
Earth
,
that
he
looked
upon
this
Enterprise
of
the
Conquest
of
Palestine
,
as
an
Affair
which
lay
nearest
to
his
heart
,
and
which
he
esteemed
of
the
greatest
Importance
of
all
others
.
There
he
caused
his
last
Will
and
Testament
to
be
publickly
read
,
in
which
he
declared
at
large
what
was
his
desire
in
case
it
pleased
God
to
dispose
of
his
life
in
this
dangerous
Voyage
,
and
obliged
all
the
Sicilian
and
Neopolitan
Nobility
,
to
promise
with
an
Oath
,
that
they
would
see
it
performed
,
unless
they
received
another
Written
with
his
own
hand
.
And
this
without
doubt
was
capable
of
blinding
abundance
of
People
,
and
destroying
the
report
,
which
ran
currant
,
that
whatever
he
had
done
hitherto
was
only
perfect
Pageantry
to
amuse
the
World
;
and
that
notwithstanding
his
repeated
Vows
,
promises
and
oaths
,
he
never
had
any
real
intention
of
putting
himself
at
the
head
of
the
Crusades
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
.
And
after
all
this
,
it
must
be
avowed
,
that
the
end
did
not
at
all
correspond
with
these
specious
Beginnings
.
For
leaving
the
greatest
part
of
his
Forces
with
Renard
Duke
of
Spoleta
,
whom
he
declared
Vicegerent
of
the
Empire
,
in
Italy
,
and
his
Lieutenant
General
in
the
Kingdoms
of
Naples
and
Sicily
,
he
gave
him
Order
to
continue
the
War
,
with
the
Pope
;
and
in
the
Month
of
August
,
he
himself
imbarked
upon
twenty
Gallies
with
such
a
retinue
and
an
Army
,
as
for
the
smallness
of
their
number
,
were
neither
becoming
the
Majesty
of
such
a
potent
Prince
,
nor
proportionable
to
the
Enterprise
in
which
he
was
engaged
:
Insomuch
that
the
Pope
,
who
had
the
greatest
Interest
in
this
Affair
,
wherein
the
general
good
of
the
Church
and
the
Honour
of
the
Christian
Name
was
so
nearly
concerned
,
sent
a
Prohibition
to
him
,
absolutely
forbidding
him
to
concern
himself
with
the
Holy
War
;
it
being
as
he
said
altogether
insupportable
,
that
a
Prince
,
who
was
cut
off
from
the
Body
of
the
Church
by
the
Anathema
,
should
appear
at
the
head
of
the
Army
of
God
against
the
Infidels
;
and
besides
that
he
had
nothing
near
the
number
either
of
shipping
or
of
Soldiers
,
which
by
his
Oath
he
was
obliged
to
carry
to
the
Holy
Land
,
and
that
with
that
small
Fleet
he
went
rather
like
a
Pyrate
than
an
Emperor
.
But
Frederick
the
more
inraged
against
Gregory
for
this
Ambassage
,
whom
he
no
longer
now
regarded
but
as
his
mortal
Enemy
,
embarked
himself
and
set
sail
in
the
view
of
the
Pope's
envoyes
,
to
whom
he
would
not
condescend
to
give
any
other
answer
than
what
they
received
from
the
Sterns
of
his
Gallies
;
And
after
having
as
he
passed
by
,
determined
to
his
own
advantage
,
a
difference
in
the
Isle
of
Cyprus
,
which
he
had
with
the
Lord
of
Baruch
,
the
Governour
of
the
Young
King
Henry
,
he
arrived
prosperously
at
the
Port
of
Acre
,
the
Eve
of
the
Nativity
of
our
Lady
.
The
Patriarch
accompanied
with
his
Clergy
and
People
came
to
meet
him
,
and
received
him
with
all
the
Honors
which
were
due
to
an
Emperor
,
but
withal
protested
to
him
with
great
Freedom
,
that
it
was
not
permitted
him
to
communicate
or
treat
with
his
Imperial
Majesty
,
till
such
time
as
he
should
have
received
Absolution
from
the
Pope
,
to
whom
he
most
humbly
intreated
him
to
apply
himself
above
all
things
,
and
to
obtain
this
Favour
from
him
,
without
which
God
would
never
bless
his
designs
;
and
this
he
repeated
to
him
several
times
after
upon
occasion
.
And
this
was
the
first
cause
of
the
rupture
between
this
Prince
and
the
Patriarch
,
who
afterwards
writ
Letters
against
him
into
Europe
full
of
sharpness
and
Injuries
;
And
I
must
needs
affirm
that
it
hath
not
been
possible
for
me
to
perswade
my self
to
write
my
History
after
such
Copies
,
as
many
others
have
done
,
upon
the
disposition
of
one
Witness
,
who
appears
so
Cholerick
and
transported
with
Anger
;
and
which
is
an
Injury
,
which
the
meanest
Person
in
the
World
before
any
equitable
Judge
would
have
reason
to
complain
of
,
and
think
himself
unfairly
dealt
withal
,
if
being
accused
in
such
a
manner
,
he
should
be
condemned
.
Of
such
Importance
it
is
to
those
who
write
,
year
1228
that
when
they
relate
the
truth
,
if
they
desire
to
gain
Credit
and
Reputation
,
they
ought
to
do
it
in
such
a
Fashion
,
as
may
not
render
them
suspected
,
by
mingling
Invective
,
Satyr
,
and
Passion
with
it
,
which
always
gives
the
Reader
just
occasion
to
suspect
them
guilty
of
Partialty
.
As
for
Frederick
he
did
not
shew
much
resentment
in
this
Rencontre
,
but
after
he
had
received
the
Complements
of
the
Princes
and
Lords
of
the
Crusade
,
he
satisfied
himself
with
protesting
to
them
,
as
he
had
ever
done
,
that
his
Indisposition
was
the
only
Cause
,
which
had
obstructed
his
Voyage
till
that
time
;
and
that
also
the
Sentence
,
which
the
Pope
had
pronounced
against
him
,
without
giving
him
the
hearing
,
and
without
informing
himself
in
a
judicial
Way
of
the
truth
of
his
case
,
was
therefore
in
its
own
Nature
null
and
void
.
After
which
he
took
an
Account
of
the
Affairs
of
the
Country
,
which
were
then
in
this
Condition
.
After
the
Departure
of
the
great
number
of
Crusades
,
who
had
quitted
Palestine
the
preceding
year
,
upon
the
new
retardment
of
the
Emperor's
Voyage
,
there
were
not
then
in
Palestine
remaining
of
the
new
comers
,
more
than
about
eight
hundred
men
at
Arms
,
and
ten
thousand
Foot
,
besides
the
Knights
,
which
the
Great
Masters
of
the
three
Orders
had
upon
the
place
.
All
these
Crusades
had
chosen
for
their
General
,
Henry
,
Duke
of
Limbourg
,
who
after
a
long
deliberation
with
the
Officers
of
the
Army
,
the
Patriarch
and
the
Bishops
of
Caesarea
and
Nazareth
,
and
those
of
Oxford
and
Winchester
in
England
,
seeing
themselves
too
weak
to
attack
Coradin
,
they
had
imployed
themselves
in
the
rebuilding
and
Fortification
of
Caesarea
,
and
some
other
little
Maritim
places
,
resolving
to
do
the
same
to
Jaffa
,
in
expectation
of
the
Succours
,
which
were
to
come
from
Europe
.
In
this
time
Coradin
died
,
leaving
for
his
Successor
his
Son
Melesel
,
of
the
Age
of
twelve
years
,
under
the
Tutelage
and
Regency
of
the
Emir
Esedinebec
:
Hereupon
the
Sultans
his
Neighbours
failed
not
to
enterprize
immediately
against
him
;
and
this
doubtless
was
of
great
advantage
to
the
Crusades
,
who
were
not
only
delivered
from
the
most
formidable
of
their
Enemies
,
but
saw
them
also
engaged
in
Civil
Wars
.
This
was
the
State
of
the
Christian
Affairs
at
the
arrival
of
the
Emperor
,
who
was
not
able
to
prevent
it
,
but
that
many
of
this
small
number
of
Crusades
,
believing
that
they
had
satisfied
their
Vow
by
a
Years
Service
,
returned
by
the
Conveniency
of
passage
,
which
they
had
that
Autumn
.
On
the
other
part
,
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
who
always
maintained
a
good
Intelligence
with
his
Brother
Coradin
,
was
come
to
the
Assistance
of
his
Nephew
with
a
potent
Army
,
and
was
incamped
at
Napolose
,
anciently
Sichem
or
Sichar
,
where
he
expected
the
coming
up
of
all
the
Forces
of
Damascus
,
who
were
to
join
with
his
.
Upon
this
,
whether
the
Emperor
believed
that
he
could
not
with
those
few
Troops
he
had
,
undertake
this
War
but
to
his
dishonour
;
or
whether
it
was
that
the
matter
was
so
preconcerted
betwixt
him
and
the
Sultan
before
his
coming
thither
,
as
the
common
report
went
,
although
there
is
no
manner
of
Foundation
for
it
in
History
;
or
which
is
most
probable
,
that
he
had
a
great
desire
to
return
with
all
Expedition
into
Italy
;
it
is
certain
that
he
sent
Count
Thomas
his
Confident
,
and
Balian
,
Lord
of
Tyre
,
to
Meledin
,
to
whom
,
after
they
had
in
the
Emperors
name
made
magnificent
presents
,
they
acquainted
him
,
That
it
was
not
at
all
the
desire
of
their
Master
,
that
there
should
be
any
thing
betwixt
them
two
,
which
might
prevent
their
living
in
perfect
Amitie
;
That
Frederick
,
who
was
the
most
potent
Prince
in
Christendom
,
was
not
come
into
the
East
to
make
new
Conquests
there
,
for
that
he
was
possessed
of
such
large
Dominions
in
the
West
,
as
were
capable
to
satisfie
the
vastest
Ambition
;
That
the
great
reason
of
his
coming
,
was
to
visit
the
Holy
places
,
and
to
redemand
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
which
the
Christians
had
conquered
,
and
for
so
long
a
time
possessed
,
and
which
appertained
to
his
Son
,
in
right
of
the
Empress
Jolante
,
his
Mother
,
who
was
the
Queen
and
the
lawful
Inheretrix
of
that
Kingdom
;
That
if
he
were
satisfied
in
a
demand
so
just
and
reasonable
,
he
was
ready
to
return
into
Europe
without
drawing
his
Sword
;
and
therefore
desired
the
Sultan
,
that
by
an
unjust
refusal
he
would
not
be
the
occasion
of
sheding
so
much
humane
Blood
which
might
be
spared
,
there
having
been
so
much
already
miserably
spilt
in
so
many
cruel
Battles
,
as
had
been
already
fought
upon
this
quarrel
.
year
1228
Meledin
,
who
had
a
Soul
naturally
inclined
to
mildness
and
to
peace
,
as
had
most
evidently
appeared
in
the
War
of
Damiata
,
gave
the
Ambassadors
a
favourable
Audience
,
and
promised
that
he
would
send
Ambassadors
of
his
own
,
who
should
carry
to
the
Emperor
his
Answer
in
an
Affair
of
that
Importance
,
and
having
made
them
very
rich
Presents
he
sent
them
back
to
Frederick
;
whilest
these
matters
were
in
Agitation
,
two
Cordeliers
,
who
came
immediately
from
Rome
,
presented
the
Patriarch
,
and
the
three
great
Masters
of
the
Military
Orders
,
Letters
from
the
Pope
;
by
which
he
strictly
prohibited
them
from
giving
any
Obedience
to
the
Emperor
,
and
appointed
the
Patriarch
to
declare
him
Excommunicate
:
now
as
this
could
not
be
done
without
making
a
mighty
noise
,
the
Sultan
was
quickly
by
his
Intelligencers
made
acquainted
with
it
;
and
therefore
seeing
that
besides
that
the
Emperor
had
but
a
very
slender
Army
,
he
was
in
danger
of
having
the
fortune
to
be
ill
obeyed
;
but
yet
nevertheless
being
very
willing
to
deliver
himself
from
the
continual
Fear
which
he
had
of
some
new
Crusade
,
which
was
only
to
be
done
by
some
good
and
long
Truce
;
and
not
doubting
but
now
he
had
an
opportunity
to
do
it
as
he
pleased
;
he
put
on
a
Countenance
something
fierce
and
haughty
,
as
if
he
were
very
indifferent
in
the
matter
;
however
he
sent
his
Ambassadors
,
who
from
him
were
to
acquaint
the
Emperor
,
That
he
was
far
from
refusing
his
Amity
,
but
for
that
which
concerned
the
Article
of
Jerusalem
,
that
which
was
desired
of
him
,
was
of
such
a
Nature
,
that
neither
his
Conscience
,
his
Honour
,
nor
his
Religion
would
permit
him
to
agree
to
it
;
in
regard
that
the
Sarasins
themselves
had
as
great
a
Veneration
for
the
Temple
of
the
Lord
,
whither
they
resorted
from
all
Parts
,
to
worship
God
,
as
the
Christians
had
for
the
Church
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
to
which
they
came
in
Pilgrimage
to
adore
Christ
Jesus
.
But
that
nevertheless
,
if
his
Imperial
Majesty
would
please
to
send
new
Ambassadors
to
their
Master
,
he
would
make
such
reasonable
Propositions
,
as
that
he
should
have
cause
to
find
himself
very
well
satisfied
.
And
thereupon
they
presented
the
Emperor
from
him
with
a
huge
Elephant
,
several
admirable
Camels
,
and
divers
other
rare
Animals
of
Egypt
and
Arabia
:
And
Frederick
,
after
having
magnificently
treated
them
,
and
honoured
them
with
Noble
Presents
,
sent
them
back
with
his
Ambassadors
to
treat
with
the
Sultan
.
That
Prince
,
who
was
resolved
to
come
to
his
Ends
,
in
the
manner
which
he
had
formed
in
his
own
Imagination
,
did
not
presently
give
them
Audience
,
but
only
made
them
be
informed
that
they
must
follow
him
to
the
City
of
Gaza
,
whither
he
marched
with
his
Army
,
leaving
that
of
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
his
Nephew
,
at
Napolose
.
This
procedure
made
the
Emperor
Frederick
believe
,
that
Meledin
had
a
Design
to
affront
him
,
and
therefore
having
caused
all
the
Captains
to
Assemble
,
he
acquainted
them
,
that
according
to
the
resolution
which
they
had
taken
,
he
thought
it
convenient
to
march
with
the
Army
to
Jaffa
,
and
to
fortifie
it
,
thereby
to
secure
the
passage
to
Jerusalem
,
they
all
submitted
to
his
Orders
,
except
the
two
great
Masters
of
the
Templers
and
Hospitallers
,
who
said
in
plain
terms
,
that
the
Pope
,
to
whom
they
owed
obedience
,
had
forbidden
them
to
obey
an
Excommunicate
Prince
,
and
that
therefore
if
the
Orders
were
issued
out
in
his
Name
,
they
would
not
obey
them
.
The
Emperor
extremely
surprized
by
an
answer
so
little
expected
,
seemed
to
slight
it
,
and
therefore
presently
put
himself
upon
his
March
;
but
at
last
,
when
he
saw
these
two
great
Bodies
separated
from
the
rest
of
the
Army
,
and
that
there
was
reason
to
fear
,
that
many
others
might
be
induced
to
follow
their
Example
,
so
that
he
should
be
in
a
manner
wholly
diserted
by
all
,
except
the
Germans
,
who
always
continued
their
Fidelity
to
him
;
he
made
a
great
attempt
upon
himself
,
and
reserving
his
Vengeance
for
another
time
,
he
consented
that
his
Lieutenants
should
give
out
his
Orders
,
not
in
his
Name
,
but
in
the
behalf
of
God
and
Christendom
;
and
thereupon
the
whole
Army
being
reunited
,
they
continued
their
March
to
Jaffa
,
where
they
fell
to
work
upon
the
Fortifications
,
which
nevertheless
were
presently
interrupted
by
the
News
which
was
received
from
Italy
.
For
whilest
he
did
all
these
things
directly
contrary
to
the
Pope's
prohibitions
,
which
he
despised
and
contemned
,
Gregory
,
who
had
been
attacked
in
that
time
by
his
Lieutenants
,
who
spoiled
the
Lands
of
the
Church
,
had
with
the
assistance
of
his
Allies
raised
two
good
Armies
,
which
under
the
Conduct
of
King
John
de
Brienne
,
and
the
Counts
de
Celano
and
Aquila
,
his
Lieutenants
,
year
1228
did
not
only
drive
the
Imperialists
out
of
the
Marquisate
of
Ancona
,
into
which
they
had
fallen
,
but
also
pursued
them
into
the
Realm
of
Naples
,
where
,
after
they
had
taken
the
strong
place
of
St.
German
,
they
made
themselves
Masters
of
all
the
others
even
to
Capua
.
And
in
the
mean
time
the
confederate
Cities
of
Lombardy
,
sollicited
by
the
Cardinal
of
St.
Martin
,
who
was
sent
Legate
to
Milan
for
that
purpose
,
declaring
themselves
for
the
Pope
,
made
War
against
the
other
Cities
,
who
were
of
the
Emperor's
Party
:
And
after
this
not
only
the
Villages
of
these
Provinces
,
but
the
Families
of
the
same
City
,
being
divided
into
these
two
furious
Factions
,
which
by
an
odd
name
,
the
Original
of
which
is
very
uncertain
,
were
called
the
Guelphes
and
the
Gibelins
;
the
first
of
which
held
for
the
Pope
,
and
the
other
for
the
Emperor
:
these
two
Factions
did
in
all
places
an
infinite
of
mischief
,
silling
the
Cities
and
the
Villages
with
Desolations
,
Ruins
,
Massacres
and
Fires
;
this
implacable
hatred
,
which
they
had
entertained
one
against
another
,
arming
them
to
their
mutual
destruction
,
and
to
the
commission
of
all
the
most
barbarous
Inhumanities
,
and
most
detestable
Crimes
.
Such
are
generally
the
miserable
Consequences
of
the
differences
of
Princes
,
in
which
those
,
who
take
their
part
,
having
neither
their
Intentions
,
Sentiments
,
nor
Manners
,
frequently
run
into
those
transports
and
excesses
of
Fury
,
which
bring
neither
Reputation
nor
Advantage
to
the
Cause
which
they
support
,
and
,
which
those
Princes
are
so
far
from
esteeming
acceptable
Services
,
that
they
are
the
first
in
condemning
such
false
Zeal
,
and
horrible
brutality
.
year
1229
This
news
of
the
Progress
of
the
Pope's
Army
,
was
such
a
surprise
to
Frederick
,
and
affrightned
him
so
much
,
that
to
expedite
his
return
,
he
was
resolved
to
comply
with
the
Sultan
almost
at
any
rate
,
and
therefore
sending
Count
Thomas
with
one
of
his
Secretaries
to
him
,
they
concluded
a
Truce
for
ten
Years
upon
these
conditions
.
That
the
Sultan
should
yield
the
City
of
Jerusalem
to
Frederick
,
together
with
the
Cities
of
Bethlehem
,
Nazareth
,
Thoron
,
and
Sajeta
,
or
Sidon
,
and
the
Villages
,
which
are
directly
upon
the
Road
between
Jerusalem
and
Jaffa
;
That
it
should
be
lawful
for
the
Christians
to
fortifie
these
places
,
and
to
rebuild
the
Walls
of
Jerusalem
,
of
which
the
Emperor
might
dispose
as
he
pleased
,
excepting
only
the
Temple
,
with
its
appendages
,
which
was
to
be
reserved
to
the
Sarasins
,
with
liberty
there
to
perform
all
the
Exercises
of
their
Law
;
That
the
City
of
Tripolis
,
the
Principality
of
Antioch
,
and
the
other
places
,
which
did
not
appertain
to
the
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
,
should
not
be
comprised
in
this
Treaty
,
and
that
the
Emperor
should
not
permit
the
Christians
to
assist
them
.
This
Treaty
was
mutually
signed
between
them
in
the
Month
of
February
,
and
though
the
Patriarch
,
who
did
not
approve
of
it
,
nor
would
have
any
Commerce
with
the
Emperor
,
did
not
only
refuse
to
perform
the
Ceremonies
of
his
Coronation
,
but
had
also
interdicted
all
the
Churches
of
Jerusalem
if
he
should
attempt
to
go
thither
;
yet
he
did
nevertheless
,
make
his
Publick
Entry
there
,
as
it
were
in
Triumph
,
upon
the
seventeenth
day
of
March
,
followed
by
his
whole
Army
,
all
the
Prohibitions
of
the
Patriarch
being
not
able
to
hinder
him
from
visiting
the
Holy
Sepulchre
The
next
day
,
which
was
the
third
Sunday
in
Lent
,
he
went
cloathed
in
his
Imperial
Habit
,
with
abundance
of
Pomp
and
Majesty
to
the
Church
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
where
after
having
said
his
private
Devotions
,
there
being
not
found
any
one
,
who
by
reason
of
the
interdict
durst
attempt
to
celebrate
the
Divine
Mysteries
,
he
caused
a
Crown
of
Gold
to
be
placed
upon
the
great
Altar
,
and
without
troubling
himself
about
the
Ceremonies
,
which
the
Church
is
wont
to
observe
in
the
Coronation
of
Kings
,
he
went
himself
up
to
the
Altar
,
and
taking
the
Crown
,
he
placed
it
upon
his
Head
,
and
with
his
own
hands
crowned
himself
King
of
Jerusalem
,
with
the
mighty
Acclamations
of
the
Germans
,
and
the
Knights
of
the
Teutonick
Order
,
who
highly
approved
of
this
Action
,
as
well
as
the
Treaty
,
which
the
Emperor
had
made
.
At
the
same
time
he
writ
to
the
Pope
,
and
to
all
Christian
Kings
and
Princes
,
Letters
,
by
which
he
invited
them
in
most
Pompous
and
Magnisicent
Termes
,
to
render
solemn
thanks
unto
Almighty
God
,
who
had
in
this
manner
,
by
a
miraculous
Effect
of
his
Power
happily
finished
this
Enterprise
without
Effusion
of
Christian
Blood
,
and
almost
without
Forces
,
which
so
many
great
Princes
had
not
been
able
to
execute
with
the
most
potent
Armies
,
and
after
so
many
cruel
Battles
,
which
had
been
fought
to
oblige
the
Infidels
to
restore
to
the
Christians
the
Holy
City
,
year
1229
with
the
Sepulchre
of
Jesus
Christ
,
for
which
so
many
Crusades
had
been
made
;
and
in
Conclusion
he
made
a
Relation
of
all
the
Advantages
,
which
he
pretended
were
to
be
drawn
from
this
Treaty
.
But
on
the
other
part
,
the
Patriarch
writ
to
the
Pope
,
and
to
all
Christian
People
,
long
Letters
,
in
which
he
complains
bitterly
of
Frederick
,
whom
he
treats
in
such
a
manner
,
as
at
the
least
one
must
say
,
is
very
injurious
;
there
he
indeavours
to
lay
open
the
Shame
,
the
Dishonour
,
and
Illusion
of
the
Treaty
,
by
which
he
maintains
,
that
Frederick
hath
betrayed
Christianity
;
First
,
because
it
is
most
shameful
to
have
the
Sarasins
share
the
Holy
City
with
the
Christians
;
Secondly
,
because
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
having
never
given
his
consent
to
the
Agreement
,
the
Treaty
signified
just
nothing
;
and
in
short
,
that
all
those
places
,
which
were
in
shew
,
yielded
to
the
Emperor
,
were
in
reallity
as
much
the
Sarasins
,
as
they
were
before
,
since
he
returned
into
Europe
without
fortifying
any
one
of
them
.
And
in
truth
Frederick
,
who
took
no
care
now
but
to
reimbark
himself
and
to
return
into
Italy
as
soon
as
was
possible
,
to
recover
the
places
which
the
Pope's
Army
had
taken
in
his
Dominions
there
,
left
all
things
in
Palestine
,
in
the
same
condition
wherein
he
had
found
them
,
not
giving
himself
the
trouble
to
build
either
the
Walls
of
Jerusalem
,
or
any
other
of
those
Cities
,
which
were
yielded
to
him
by
the
Treaty
,
insomuch
that
the
Sarasins
,
who
were
much
the
stronger
in
the
Country
,
especially
after
his
departure
,
were
as
much
Masters
as
they
had
been
before
the
Treaty
,
which
Established
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
in
nothing
but
appearance
.
But
the
Emperor
,
who
believed
he
had
reason
to
charge
the
Pope
as
the
Cause
of
all
those
Mischiefs
,
which
might
follow
upon
his
hasty
departure
,
was
not
at
all
concerned
at
it
;
but
after
having
treated
the
Patriarch
and
the
Templers
very
contemptuously
at
Acre
,
he
commanded
all
his
Soldiers
to
follow
him
,
alledging
there
was
no
necessity
for
their
stay
in
Palestine
during
the
Treaty
;
and
therefore
upon
the
first
day
of
May
he
departed
with
two
Gallies
only
,
and
in
a
few
dayes
arrived
in
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
where
in
a
little
time
he
recovered
all
the
places
,
which
had
been
taken
from
him
during
his
absence
;
year
1230
and
the
Year
following
by
the
Mediation
of
Herman
de
Saltza
,
great
Master
of
the
Teutonick
Order
,
and
divers
other
Princes
and
Prelates
of
Germany
,
he
made
his
peace
with
the
Pope
,
who
received
him
at
Anagnia
,
with
all
manner
of
Honours
,
and
Marks
of
Affection
,
giving
him
Absolution
,
and
restoring
him
to
all
his
Rights
.
Thus
the
differences
of
Princes
,
the
most
highly
exasperated
one
against
the
other
,
may
by
a
Treaty
of
a
few
days
come
to
be
determined
;
but
many
Ages
ofttimes
will
not
suffice
to
repair
the
Evils
which
they
have
produced
in
the
World
.
year
1232
In
this
time
Meledin
,
who
was
come
to
a
Rupture
with
his
Nephew
,
whom
he
had
driven
out
of
Damascus
,
fearing
that
during
the
War
,
which
he
made
with
him
,
there
should
be
some
new
Crusade
formed
in
the
West
,
sent
his
Ambassadors
to
Frederick
to
renew
the
Amity
,
which
they
had
contracted
,
and
presented
him
,
among
other
precious
Rarities
of
the
East
,
a
most
Magnificent
Tent
,
which
was
valued
at
above
one
hundred
thousand
Crowns
,
in
which
,
surpassing
all
that
ever
was
written
of
the
Magnificence
of
the
Ancient
Kings
of
Persia
,
the
Heavens
were
so
perfectly
represented
,
that
this
admirable
Pavilion
look'd
like
the
true
and
natural
Skie
;
in
it
were
to
be
seen
the
shining
Globes
of
the
Sun
and
Moon
,
which
by
secret
Movements
,
turning
like
those
glorious
Luminaries
,
by
the
Skill
of
Art
,
kept
exactly
the
same
measures
in
their
Regular
Motions
,
which
Nature
hath
prescribed
to
those
two
beautiful
Planets
;
insomuch
that
by
this
well
governed
Motion
all
the
Hours
of
the
Day
and
Night
were
as
well
to
be
known
by
the
Artificial
Course
of
these
two
Globes
within
the
Tent
,
as
by
a
Dial
or
Exact
Quadrant
from
the
natural
Motions
of
the
Sun
and
Moon
.
It
is
said
also
,
that
these
Ambassadors
addressed
themselves
to
the
Pope
,
to
desire
peace
with
him
;
but
that
he
dismissed
them
without
an
Audience
,
in
regard
that
he
would
not
have
any
Commerce
with
Infidels
,
and
that
he
still
continued
in
the
Design
of
pursuing
the
Crusade
.
year
1233
And
indeed
,
as
soon
as
the
Troubles
of
Italy
were
quieted
,
at
least
for
a
time
,
by
the
fervent
Preachings
of
the
Religious
of
the
Orders
of
St.
Dominick
and
St.
Francis
,
whom
the
Pope
sent
into
all
the
Cities
,
to
compose
the
Minds
of
men
to
peace
,
he
called
a
great
Assembly
of
Prelates
to
Spoleta
,
year
1234
at
which
the
Emperor
himself
assisted
,
together
with
the
Patriarchs
of
Constantinople
,
Antioch
,
and
Jerusalem
,
whom
Gregory
had
caused
to
come
thither
to
deliberate
with
them
upon
the
Affairs
of
the
East
.
There
it
was
resolved
,
That
so
soon
as
the
Truce
was
expired
,
the
War
should
be
renewed
in
Palestine
;
and
that
in
the
interim
,
Theoderick
,
Archbishop
of
Ravenna
,
should
be
sent
into
Palestine
in
quality
of
Legate
,
with
Letters
from
the
Pope
to
all
the
Prelates
,
and
from
the
Emperor
to
all
his
Officers
,
by
which
they
should
be
injoyned
to
obey
him
:
year
1235
And
in
short
,
that
the
Pope
should
write
to
all
the
Princes
,
and
should
send
Preachers
to
all
places
,
to
exhort
all
faithful
Christians
to
take
upon
them
the
Cross
,
and
to
give
notice
to
such
as
had
already
taken
it
,
to
hold
themselves
ready
for
the
Voyage
within
four
Years
,
which
was
exactly
the
time
when
the
Truce
expired
,
this
did
not
fail
to
produce
the
same
Effects
,
which
had
been
seen
in
the
other
Crusades
;
for
the
Devotion
of
that
Holy
Voyage
being
the
thing
in
Vogue
in
those
times
,
there
were
always
a
multitude
of
People
of
all
Ranks
and
Conditions
,
who
either
then
took
the
Cross
,
or
having
taken
it
before
,
resolved
with
the
first
opportunity
to
accomplish
their
Vow
.
He
,
who
upon
this
occasion
shewed
the
most
Zeal
and
Fervour
,
and
whom
all
the
rest
were
obliged
to
look
upon
as
their
Chieftain
,
was
the
King
of
Navarr
.
This
Prince
was
the
famous
Theobald
,
the
Fifth
of
the
Name
,
Count
de
Champagne
and
Brie
,
who
renouncing
the
League
,
which
the
Princes
had
made
against
the
Regency
of
Queen
Blanche
,
and
discovering
the
Ambushes
,
which
they
had
laid
for
the
Surprisal
of
the
young
King
,
her
Son
,
thereby
rendred
a
most
signal
Service
to
France
,
and
to
St.
Lewis
,
who
reciprocally
also
defended
him
against
all
the
Forces
of
the
Princes
of
the
League
,
who
had
turned
their
Arms
and
all
their
Rage
against
him
for
having
advertised
the
King
of
this
Treason
,
which
was
hatched
against
him
.
He
was
the
Posthumous
Son
of
that
brave
Theobald
the
Fourth
,
who
died
in
his
preparations
for
the
Crusade
,
of
which
he
was
the
Chief
,
and
of
Blanche
de
Navarr
,
Sister
of
Sancho
the
strong
,
the
last
of
the
Male
Descendants
of
Garcias
Ximenes
,
who
had
reigned
five
Years
in
Navarr
;
and
therefore
according
to
the
Custom
of
the
Laws
of
Spain
,
where
in
default
of
Males
,
the
Crown
descends
to
the
Daughters
,
this
Count
Theobald
was
in
right
of
his
deceased
Mother
,
proclaimed
King
of
Navarr
at
Pampelona
,
in
the
Month
of
May
,
1224.
He
was
then
about
the
Age
of
three
and
thirty
Years
,
a
goodly
Prince
,
of
an
Excellent
Mind
,
and
most
Noble
Inclinations
,
extreamly
addicted
to
the
Catholick
Religion
,
which
he
took
great
care
to
preserve
free
from
Heresies
in
his
Dominions
;
above
all
,
he
was
liberal
and
magnificent
,
Vertues
which
he
enjoyed
as
it
were
by
Succession
from
the
Counts
de
Campagne
his
Ancestors
,
who
possessed
these
Royal
Vertues
in
such
a
degree
of
perfection
,
as
distinguished
them
from
all
the
other
Princes
of
their
time
;
he
was
besides
,
of
an
humour
sweet
and
pleasant
,
a
Mind
extream
quick
and
polite
,
and
which
he
had
diligently
cultivated
and
improved
by
all
manner
of
gentile
Learning
,
and
particularly
Poetry
,
in
which
he
had
made
himself
an
able
Master
,
as
appears
by
certain
Copies
of
Verses
,
which
he
made
after
he
had
left
the
Court
of
France
,
to
which
a
well
known
passion
tied
him
,
and
in
which
he
expresseth
himself
in
thoughts
infinitely
tender
,
though
at
the
same
time
full
of
that
profound
respect
,
which
he
had
lying
so
near
his
heart
.
year
1236
So
soon
as
he
saw
himself
peaceably
settled
in
his
Dominions
,
and
that
he
believed
himself
safe
on
the
side
of
Arragon
,
the
King
of
which
Realm
pretended
some
manner
of
ill
grounded
Title
to
that
of
Navarr
;
he
was
resolved
to
accomplish
the
Vow
,
which
his
Father
Count
Theobald
had
made
when
he
took
the
Cross
with
the
Earls
of
Flanders
and
of
Blois
.
He
therefore
took
it
himself
,
and
by
his
Example
,
ingaged
in
the
same
Enterprise
Hugh
,
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
Peter
de
Dreux
,
surnamed
Illclerk
,
Duke
of
Bretagne
,
John
his
Brother
,
Count
de
Brain
and
Mascon
,
Henry
,
Count
de
Bar
,
Guy
,
Count
de
Nevers
,
the
Constable
Amauri
,
Count
de
Montfort
,
the
Counts
de
Joigni
and
Sancerre
,
and
many
other
Barons
of
France
,
Navarr
and
Bretagne
,
as
the
Counts
Guiomar
de
Leon
,
Henry
de
Go●tlo
,
Andrew
de
Vitrey
,
Raoul
de
Fougeres
,
Geoffry
de
Avesnes
,
and
Fouques
Paynel
,
who
all
acknowledged
him
for
their
Head
and
General
,
together
with
an
infinite
number
of
Crusades
of
France
and
Germany
,
who
waited
only
for
a
General
of
that
high
Reputation
to
conduct
them
.
year
1236
And
certainly
there
was
great
probability
of
the
Success
of
this
third
Effort
,
which
was
about
to
be
made
happily
to
determine
this
Crusude
,
if
there
had
not
happened
Accidents
,
which
could
not
be
foreseen
,
which
contributed
extremely
to
the
rendring
it
unfortunate
and
unsuccessful
.
First
,
by
an
unhappy
Incounter
,
it
fell
out
that
the
Pope
was
obliged
to
publish
in
the
same
time
another
Crusade
for
the
Relief
of
the
Empire
of
Constantinople
,
which
was
reduced
to
the
last
Extremity
.
For
the
French
,
as
it
is
observed
of
them
,
who
know
much
better
to
make
great
Conquests
in
a
little
time
,
than
afterwards
to
preserve
them
very
long
,
were
not
so
fortunate
in
keeping
this
Empire
,
as
they
had
been
in
gaining
it
;
the
Emperor
Baldwin
the
First
lost
it
,
being
taken
prisoner
in
a
Battle
against
the
King
of
the
Bulgarians
,
who
barbarously
put
him
to
death
.
His
Brother
Henry
,
who
succeedeed
him
,
did
truly
for
above
ten
Years
,
hold
it
with
great
Success
and
Glory
:
but
his
Successors
found
nothing
of
the
same
good
Fortune
;
For
Peter
de
Courtenay
,
Count
d'
Auxerre
,
the
Husband
of
Yolanda
of
Flanders
,
Sister
to
the
last
Emperor
,
having
succeeded
him
,
was
taken
by
treachery
as
he
passed
through
Macedon
to
Constantinople
,
and
afterwards
murdered
by
Theodore
Comnenius
,
Prince
of
Epirus
;
and
in
a
short
time
after
the
Empress
,
who
had
taken
her
passage
by
Sea
,
died
of
Grief
at
Constantinople
,
after
her
delivery
of
the
last
Child
she
had
by
Peter
her
Husband
.
Robert
de
Courtenay
his
second
Son
,
upon
the
refusal
of
his
Eldest
Brother
Philip
,
Count
de
Namur
,
succeeded
Peter
in
the
Empire
,
and
had
the
Misfortune
in
his
time
to
see
it
miserably
dismembred
.
For
after
he
had
lost
a
great
Battle
in
Asia
against
John
Ducas
,
furnamed
Vatacus
,
the
Successor
and
Son-in-Law
of
Theodore
Lascaris
,
the
Conqueror
took
from
him
all
that
the
French
were
Masters
of
on
the
other
side
the
Bosphorus
,
and
the
Hellespont
.
And
on
the
other
side
the
Prince
of
Epirus
won
from
him
all
Thessaly
,
and
a
great
part
of
Thracia
;
insomuch
that
after
his
Death
,
the
French
Barons
,
seeing
that
his
Brother
Baldwin
,
who
was
not
above
eight
or
nine
years
of
Age
,
was
not
in
a
condition
to
sustain
the
burthen
of
an
Empire
,
which
was
in
so
great
disorder
,
and
attacked
on
all
hands
,
they
sent
to
desire
of
the
Pope
to
have
King
John
de
Brienne
,
who
was
then
the
General
of
his
Army
for
their
Emperor
,
assuring
him
that
after
his
Death
the
Succession
of
the
Empire
should
return
to
Baldwin
,
who
was
to
marry
the
Princess
Mary
,
his
Daughter
,
whom
he
had
by
his
second
Wife
Berengera
,
the
Daughter
of
Alphonsus
,
King
of
Castile
.
It
is
true
that
this
Emperor
,
who
was
one
of
the
greatest
Captains
of
his
time
,
did
in
some
measure
re-establish
the
Affairs
of
this
miserable
Empire
,
and
with
a
poor
handful
of
men
he
defeated
a
great
Army
,
which
besieged
Constantinople
,
both
by
Sea
and
Land
.
But
at
last
two
potent
Armies
,
Vatacus
,
Emperor
of
the
Greeks
,
and
Azen
,
King
of
Bulgaria
,
who
had
confederated
against
him
,
attacked
him
on
both
sides
with
very
great
Forces
,
whereas
he
had
precisely
no
more
men
than
were
necessary
to
defend
himself
in
Constantinople
,
in
which
he
was
forced
to
shut
himself
up
;
he
was
obliged
to
send
Prince
Baldwin
,
his
Son-in-Law
,
to
implore
in
Europe
the
Succours
,
which
he
had
so
often
desired
,
and
so
long
in
vain
expected
;
and
in
the
midst
of
these
Transactions
he
died
,
leaving
to
all
Gentlemen
in
the
History
of
his
Life
,
year
1237
an
admirable
Example
,
by
which
they
may
learn
,
by
what
ways
they
must
expect
,
in
despight
of
all
the
disgraces
of
a
malicious
Fortune
,
to
raise
themselves
to
the
height
of
all
earthly
Greatness
and
Glories
.
For
he
had
nothing
from
his
Father
,
who
would
have
constrained
him
,
contrary
to
his
Martial
Inclinations
,
to
devote
himself
to
the
Church
;
notwithstanding
which
,
he
made
it
his
indeavour
to
find
his
good
Fortune
in
himself
,
and
establish
an
Inheritance
upon
the
Foundations
of
his
Vertue
;
and
by
that
it
was
that
he
so
well
distinguished
himself
in
the
Court
of
Philip
the
August
,
that
that
great
Prince
,
who
knew
how
to
esteem
men
for
their
Vertue
,
judged
him
worthy
,
not
only
of
his
Esteem
,
but
his
particular
Favour
,
and
after
he
had
acquired
a
high
Reputation
for
those
Gallant
Actions
,
which
together
with
his
Brother
he
performed
in
Italy
,
he
raised
him
to
the
Throne
of
Jerusalem
,
from
whence
it
seemed
that
Fortune
had
not
made
him
descend
,
but
to
mount
him
with
more
Glory
by
his
Vertue
to
the
Empire
of
the
East
;
from
whence
it
is
easie
to
observe
,
that
true
Merit
is
the
best
supporter
of
such
Noble
Persons
,
who
indeavour
to
obtain
the
favour
of
Kings
,
year
1237
who
without
this
are
apt
to
tumble
those
down
for
their
Vices
,
whom
they
had
for
their
pleasure
raised
,
rather
than
for
their
Vertue
.
In
this
time
Baldwin
,
his
Son-in-Law
,
and
Successor
to
the
Empire
,
found
the
Pope
so
well
inclined
to
assist
him
,
that
,
as
if
he
had
now
had
no
other
concern
,
but
for
the
Establishment
of
the
Empire
of
Constantinople
,
he
writ
to
the
Kings
of
France
,
England
,
and
Hungary
,
and
to
all
the
Bishops
of
those
Realms
,
to
exhort
them
to
contribute
the
utmost
of
their
power
,
to
the
Aid
of
the
Emperor
,
Baldwin
the
Second
,
even
so
far
as
to
permit
those
,
who
had
undertaken
the
Crusade
for
the
Holy
Land
,
to
change
their
Vow
to
that
of
succouring
Constantinople
.
He
caused
also
a
new
Crusade
to
be
preached
every
where
for
that
purpose
,
and
that
the
greatest
part
of
the
money
,
which
was
designed
for
the
Holy
Land
should
be
employed
that
way
.
Hereupon
the
Emperor
Baldwin
went
into
France
,
and
from
thence
into
England
with
the
Bulla
of
this
Crusade
,
and
the
Pope's
Letters
,
which
exhorted
the
Crusades
to
follow
him
;
so
that
he
sound
a
great
many
,
who
either
to
please
the
Pope
,
or
that
they
thought
this
Enterprise
less
difficult
and
dangerous
than
that
of
the
Holy
Land
,
presently
joyned
with
him
,
and
among
others
,
Peter
de
Dreux
,
Duke
of
Bretagne
,
who
promised
to
assist
him
with
twelve
thousand
men
.
This
gave
so
great
a
displeasure
to
the
King
of
Navarr
,
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
the
Counts
of
Bar
,
Vendosme
and
Montfort
,
who
had
before
devoted
themselves
for
the
Holy
Land
,
and
who
thought
very
hard
that
one
Crusade
should
be
ruined
,
or
at
least
extremely
weakned
by
another
,
that
they
complained
thereof
to
the
Pope
himself
,
and
in
a
manner
reproached
him
with
Levity
,
and
this
Change
,
which
they
said
was
most
prejudicial
to
the
principal
Enterprise
,
the
deliverance
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
of
Jesus
Christ
.
But
Gregory
made
them
answer
,
that
being
at
least
as
zealously
interested
as
they
in
the
Affairs
of
the
Holy
Land
,
he
also
understood
himself
better
than
they
could
inform
him
,
and
was
in
the
Opinion
that
it
was
impossible
ever
to
chase
the
Infidels
out
of
Palestine
,
unless
the
Conquest
of
Constantinople
was
first
well
assured
,
and
that
now
it
was
in
danger
to
fall
under
the
Power
of
the
Schismatical
Greeks
:
and
therefore
he
conjured
them
to
joyn
with
Baldwin
,
remonstrating
to
them
,
that
this
was
to
labour
most
efficaciously
for
the
End
,
by
applying
themselves
to
the
means
,
which
was
so
absolutely
necessary
for
the
attainment
of
it
.
year
1238
The
Princes
nevertheless
would
not
suffer
themselves
to
be
perswaded
,
but
remained
firm
in
their
first
Resolution
:
Even
the
Breton
himself
,
Peter
de
Dreux
,
who
had
promised
the
Pope
to
serve
for
Constantinople
,
wheeled
off
again
,
and
chose
rather
to
joyn
himself
to
the
King
of
Navarr
;
so
that
by
this
Accident
,
there
being
a
great
Division
among
the
Minds
of
men
,
some
following
Baldwin
,
others
the
King
of
Navarr
,
it
fell
out
,
that
in
the
place
of
one
great
Crusade
,
which
might
have
proved
successful
,
either
in
Greece
or
Palestine
,
there
were
two
very
indifferent
ones
,
which
had
in
neither
place
the
good
Fortune
,
which
was
to
be
hoped
and
desired
.
This
was
the
first
Division
,
which
hurt
the
Army
of
the
Crusades
,
but
that
which
happened
presently
after
,
between
the
Pope
and
the
Emperor
,
was
much
more
fatal
to
them
,
and
had
like
to
have
ruined
all
.
The
Island
of
Sardinia
,
as
well
as
several
other
Estates
had
been
now
for
a
long
time
held
as
Fiefs
from
the
Holy
See
,
and
Gregory
had
sent
thither
one
Roland
,
one
of
his
Chaplains
,
to
receive
the
Homages
,
and
Reserved
Rents
,
and
to
take
possession
of
some
Lands
about
Cagliari
.
Frederick
,
who
notwithstanding
all
the
Intreaties
and
Remonstrances
of
the
Pope
,
who
had
sufficient
cause
to
be
afraid
of
his
Power
,
was
now
come
from
Germany
into
Lombardy
with
an
Army
of
one
hundred
thousand
men
;
and
having
gained
a
great
Victory
over
the
Milaneses
,
and
reduced
the
greatest
part
of
the
Confederate
Cities
under
his
Obedience
,
he
believed
himself
to
be
in
a
condition
to
make
himself
Master
of
what
ever
he
pretended
appertained
to
him
,
as
being
dismembred
from
the
Body
of
the
Empire
.
And
thereupon
those
of
the
Principality
of
the
Tour
,
which
now
is
called
Sassari
,
having
given
it
to
him
after
the
Death
of
their
Lord
Vbald
,
he
sent
thither
his
natural
Son
Henry
,
who
was
usually
called
Entius
,
who
presently
seised
upon
the
whole
Isle
,
which
his
Father
erected
for
him
into
the
title
of
a
Feudatory
Kingdom
to
be
held
of
the
Empire
.
year
1239
The
Pope
,
who
was
in
Possession
of
the
Sovereignty
of
this
Isle
,
strangely
surprized
at
this
procedure
,
complained
bitterly
of
it
,
and
demanded
reparation
.
But
Frederick
was
so
far
from
giving
him
Satisfaction
,
that
he
seized
upon
other
Lands
of
a
Bishop
of
Sardinia
,
which
the
Magistrates
had
adjudged
as
Demesnes
to
the
new
King
;
and
withal
he
made
it
be
answered
to
the
Pope
for
good
and
all
,
that
Sardinia
had
been
usurped
from
the
Emperors
,
and
before
those
Usurpations
,
had
always
belonged
to
the
Empire
,
and
that
for
his
own
particular
,
it
was
well
enough
known
,
that
as
he
was
Emperor
he
had
sworn
that
he
would
do
all
that
lay
in
his
Power
to
reunite
to
the
Body
of
the
Empire
whatsoever
had
been
dismembred
from
it
,
and
that
he
was
fully
resolved
most
exactly
to
acquit
himself
of
his
Duty
in
this
particular
.
Hereupon
the
Pope
seeing
that
he
remained
immoveable
in
that
Resolution
,
solemnly
excommunicated
him
upon
Palm
Sunday
,
and
Holy
Thursday
for
invading
the
Patrimony
of
the
Church
,
and
such
other
Causes
as
are
comprized
in
the
Decretal
,
which
he
pronounced
himself
,
and
which
he
sent
to
all
Christian
Kings
,
Princes
,
and
Prelates
,
with
orders
for
them
to
publish
it
by
the
Sound
of
Bells
,
prohibiting
all
the
Emperor's
Subjects
to
obey
him
,
and
all
the
Ecclesiasticks
from
celebrating
the
Divine
Offices
in
the
Cities
or
Castles
,
wherever
he
should
be
.
It
is
said
also
,
that
having
declared
that
he
was
fallen
from
the
Imperial
Title
and
Dignity
,
he
offered
the
Crown
to
St.
Lewis
for
his
Brother
Robert
,
Count
d'
Artois
,
but
that
for
very
good
reasons
that
pious
King
rejected
the
Offer
;
and
this
is
most
certain
,
that
by
a
most
discreet
Policy
he
would
never
concern
himself
in
this
difference
,
nor
be
persuaded
to
change
the
Conduct
and
Maximes
of
his
Government
,
by
taking
Arms
against
the
Emperor
,
although
he
was
extremely
sollicited
to
do
so
by
the
Pope
,
as
in
the
following
year
the
King
gave
the
Emperor
an
account
by
his
Letters
.
The
War
between
the
Pope
and
the
Emperor
began
by
the
Writings
,
the
Letters
and
the
Manifests
,
which
both
the
one
and
the
other
dipersed
abroad
,
in
which
were
contained
the
Accusations
and
the
Answers
,
which
they
made
,
which
may
be
seen
at
their
full
length
in
Matthew
Paris
,
after
which
the
Emperor
Frederick
having
a
potent
Army
,
whilest
the
Pope
sent
to
all
places
to
demand
the
Assistance
of
the
Princes
and
Republicks
,
caused
his
Son
Entius
to
enter
into
the
Marquisate
of
Ancona
,
whilest
he
himself
taking
the
Right
Hand
marched
over
Tuscany
,
where
the
greatest
part
of
the
Cities
,
and
even
Viterbum
receiving
him
and
declaring
against
the
Pope
,
he
advanced
directly
towards
Rome
,
not
doubting
but
that
he
had
such
a
Party
there
,
as
would
upon
his
Appearance
open
the
Gates
of
that
City
to
him
.
But
Gregory
,
who
in
the
extreme
danger
wherein
he
found
himself
,
destitute
of
all
humane
Succours
,
had
recourse
to
God
,
by
a
great
Procession
from
the
Church
of
the
Lateran
to
that
of
St.
Peter
,
in
which
he
did
so
movingly
harangue
the
Romans
,
holding
between
his
Arms
the
Venerable
heads
of
the
Apostles
,
protesting
with
Sighs
and
Tears
,
that
he
was
not
in
any
sort
able
to
protect
them
without
the
Assistance
of
the
People
of
Rome
,
who
were
their
Protectors
,
that
they
cried
out
with
an
incredible
Ardour
,
that
they
would
all
perish
in
the
defence
of
them
.
Hereupon
the
Pope
,
who
was
resolved
to
make
his
advantage
of
this
extraordinary
Zeal
of
the
People
,
whilest
the
first
heat
of
it
lasted
,
caused
a
new
Crusade
to
be
instantly
published
,
with
great
Indulgences
to
all
those
,
who
would
take
up
the
Cross
against
Frederick
;
and
his
endeavours
proved
so
effectual
,
that
the
same
Romans
,
who
before
had
been
raised
against
him
,
and
had
driven
him
out
of
Rome
in
favour
of
the
Emperor
,
now
took
up
the
Cross
against
him
.
So
easily
is
the
Spirit
of
the
People
turned
from
one
Extremity
to
another
,
especially
when
they
are
acted
by
some
high
Object
of
Devotion
,
and
that
Religion
,
or
what
they
call
so
,
which
is
able
to
do
all
things
,
when
once
it
becomes
Mistress
of
their
Souls
seems
to
call
them
to
the
performance
of
what
they
think
their
Duty
.
It
happened
therefore
that
Frederick
coming
to
Rome
,
which
he
believed
he
should
enter
without
resistance
,
was
strangely
surprized
to
meet
with
a
whole
Army
of
Crusades
,
who
were
marched
out
in
Battalia
to
hinder
his
entrance
,
and
had
posted
themselves
under
the
Walls
in
shelter
of
the
Engines
:
However
he
did
not
fail
to
attack
them
in
the
Order
wherein
they
were
,
rather
with
Fury
than
hope
to
overcome
them
:
and
all
those
,
which
he
took
both
in
this
Combat
and
during
the
whole
War
,
he
treated
in
the
most
cruel
manner
,
year
1239
and
in
hatred
of
this
Crusade
,
he
caused
their
heads
to
be
cut
in
a
Cross
.
After
this
there
were
no
kind
of
disorders
,
miseries
and
calamities
,
publick
and
private
,
which
this
cruel
War
did
not
produce
between
the
two
furious
Factions
of
the
Guelphes
,
and
the
Gibelins
,
who
like
Infernal
Furies
let
loose
with
Fire
in
one
hand
,
and
the
Sword
in
the
other
,
laid
wast
all
the
Provinces
,
and
all
the
Cities
of
Italy
,
whilest
to
satisfie
their
Revenge
,
they
buried
one
another
under
the
Ruins
of
their
miserable
Country
.
It
was
this
Rupture
,
which
did
the
greatest
mischief
to
the
Army
of
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
,
who
were
already
advanced
as
far
as
Lyons
.
For
the
Pope
,
who
saw
himself
so
vigorously
attacked
,
was
so
far
from
giving
them
any
assistance
,
that
he
himself
desired
it
of
all
the
World
,
and
sent
to
them
to
Lyons
,
to
desire
them
to
procede
no
further
,
but
to
defer
their
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
,
till
a
more
proper
and
convenient
Season
.
Besides
all
the
Italians
were
wholly
divided
between
the
two
parties
of
the
Guelphes
and
Gibelins
,
who
made
a
mostcruel
War
against
each
other
without
thinking
of
the
Crusade
;
insomuch
that
all
those
,
who
had
a
design
to
imbark
themselves
in
the
Ports
of
Italy
,
could
find
there
neither
convenience
nor
safety
for
their
transportation
into
Syria
.
For
the
Genoese
,
who
were
of
the
Pope's
Party
,
stood
in
need
of
all
their
shipping
to
oppose
the
Emperor's
Navy
,
which
was
commanded
by
his
Son
,
the
King
of
Sardinia
.
The
Venetians
were
taken
up
in
the
Service
of
the
Emperor
of
Constantinople
against
the
Greeks
;
and
the
Pisans
,
who
declared
themselves
highly
for
the
Emperor
Frederick
,
were
taken
up
in
his
Service
against
the
Genoese
;
so
that
there
was
only
Province
and
Languedoc
where
the
Crusades
could
hope
for
shipping
to
transport
them
.
But
there
being
not
a
sufficient
number
of
shipping
to
supply
so
great
an
Army
of
the
Crusades
,
they
were
forced
to
divide
themselves
;
One
Part
with
the
King
of
Navarr
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
Princes
,
embarked
themselves
at
Marseilles
and
Aigues
Mortes
;
and
the
other
being
forced
to
take
their
Way
by
Land
,
and
as
the
first
Crusades
did
,
to
cross
over
all
Germany
,
Hungaria
,
Bulgaria
,
Tracia
,
and
all
the
lesser
Asia
,
they
lost
a
World
of
men
in
that
long
March
,
by
Famine
,
Diseases
,
and
the
Ambushes
,
which
the
Barbarians
laid
for
them
in
the
Straits
of
Mount
Taurus
,
insomuch
that
not
above
the
third
part
of
them
ever
came
into
Syria
,
where
the
King
of
Navarr
,
to
whom
the
Sea
had
been
very
civil
,
was
arrived
before
and
in
Expectation
of
them
.
year
1240
It
seems
that
the
condition
of
the
Affairs
of
the
Sarasins
at
that
time
in
the
East
were
extremely
favourable
to
this
Enterprize
of
the
Christians
;
For
Meledin
,
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
being
dead
the
year
before
,
Edel
,
his
Successor
,
and
Nazer
,
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
who
was
reentred
into
his
Dominions
,
out
of
which
he
had
been
driven
by
his
Uncle
Meledin
,
made
a
most
cruel
War
one
against
the
other
,
so
that
undoubtedly
great
advantages
might
easily
have
been
made
of
this
division
of
these
Infidels
,
if
the
Christians
had
not
lost
those
opportunities
by
those
divisions
of
their
own
,
which
ruined
all
their
Affairs
.
And
in
truth
the
Emperor's
Lieutenants
,
having
by
his
orders
renewed
the
Truce
with
the
Successor
of
Meledin
,
notwithstanding
all
that
the
Templers
could
do
to
persuade
them
against
it
,
they
would
never
join
their
Forces
with
those
of
the
Crusades
,
and
besides
,
although
the
princes
had
all
owned
the
King
of
Navarr
for
their
Head
,
yet
he
found
that
he
had
nothing
but
the
Title
and
Honour
of
the
name
without
any
manner
of
Authority
;
for
every
one
of
them
would
be
independant
of
another
,
and
act
according
to
his
own
pleasure
,
without
receiving
Orders
from
any
Person
:
Hereupon
as
the
Army
marched
towards
Ascalon
,
which
they
resolved
to
rebuild
,
the
Duke
of
Bretany
,
separating
with
his
Troops
from
the
rest
of
the
Army
without
their
consent
,
made
an
irruption
into
the
Terretories
of
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
from
whence
,
after
having
taken
and
sacked
some
places
of
small
Strength
,
he
returned
with
a
rich
Booty
,
&
was
received
with
great
Acclamations
of
the
Soldiers
,
as
if
he
had
gained
some
memorable
Victory
over
his
Enemies
.
There
is
no
Passion
so
dangerous
to
men
of
Courage
as
Jealousie
of
their
Honour
,
which
by
diminishing
the
Strength
of
their
reason
and
Judgment
,
in
proportion
as
it
augments
their
natural
Boldness
,
generally
does
precipitate
them
blindly
into
inevitable
misfortunes
.
The
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
the
Count
de
Bar
,
and
the
Constable
Amauri
de
Montfort
,
year
1240
were
so
piqued
with
the
praises
,
which
were
given
to
the
Breton
,
who
in
truth
had
done
no
such
considerable
Exploit
to
deserve
them
,
that
they
believed
it
would
be
a
dishonour
to
them
,
if
they
also
should
not
do
some
brave
thing
to
be
talked
on
;
Dividing
therefore
from
the
main
Body
of
the
Army
,
contrary
to
the
opinion
of
all
the
other
Commanders
,
they
took
the
Field
,
and
after
having
made
a
great
Booty
in
a
Country
where
they
found
no
manner
of
resistance
;
puft
up
with
their
good
Fortune
,
they
resolved
to
attempt
the
surprizing
of
Gaza
,
a
strong
City
and
admirably
provided
;
now
though
they
knew
nothing
of
it
,
it
happened
also
,
that
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
had
not
only
reinforced
the
Garrison
,
but
that
his
Army
,
which
advanced
daily
to
oppose
that
of
the
Crusades
,
was
at
no
great
distance
from
the
City
.
Conducted
therefore
by
their
ill
Destiny
,
after
they
had
marched
one
whole
night
with
Intention
early
in
the
Morning
,
to
execute
their
design
before
the
Enemy
should
have
notice
of
their
march
,
just
upon
the
break
of
day
,
they
found
themselves
engaged
in
a
Valley
so
deeply
Sandy
and
loose
,
that
both
the
men
and
Horses
,
who
were
soundly
harrassed
by
the
nights
march
,
had
much
difficulty
to
dragg
their
Legs
out
of
this
deep
Sand.
The
Governour
of
Gaza
,
who
had
by
his
Spies
been
advertised
hereof
,
laid
himself
in
Ambush
behind
some
little
Hills
,
and
all
of
a
suddain
appeared
upon
the
top
of
them
with
some
of
his
Squadrons
,
but
without
advancing
,
as
first
resolving
to
observe
the
Countenance
of
the
Christians
.
And
accordingly
seeing
that
they
made
a
Halt
,
and
shewed
some
surprize
to
find
those
People
in
order
of
Battle
,
whom
they
had
thought
to
have
found
asleep
in
their
Beds
,
he
commanded
some
Squadrons
to
descend
,
and
charge
them
at
full
Speed
;
and
the
light
Arabian
Horses
,
running
as
freely
upon
these
Sands
,
as
if
they
had
been
upon
firm
ground
,
they
made
a
furious
discharge
of
their
Arrows
,
and
then
retreated
to
their
main
Body
,
in
a
little
time
returning
again
in
greater
numbers
,
shooting
always
without
coming
nearer
than
the
distance
of
their
Arrows
,
and
without
danger
of
being
pursued
by
the
Christians
,
who
did
not
without
difficulty
advance
over
the
heavy
Sands
;
so
that
wheeling
and
running
round
about
the
Army
all
day
,
they
harassed
them
till
Night
,
a
Night
that
was
to
be
spent
in
Arms
,
without
repose
,
and
repast
,
and
without
the
Possibility
of
advancing
or
retreating
,
and
in
nothing
but
miserable
trouble
and
waking
dispair
,
in
which
they
were
overwhelmed
.
And
indeed
their
Fortune
was
much
more
deplorable
,
the
next
morning
,
when
the
whole
Army
of
the
Sultan
being
joined
to
the
Garrison
of
Gaza
,
encompassed
them
on
all
sides
,
and
without
fear
attacking
the
poor
Soldiers
already
half
dead
,
and
almost
unable
to
carry
their
Arms
,
they
came
to
charge
them
with
the
Sword
and
Lance.
The
Christians
indeed
performed
in
despight
of
their
Fortune
all
that
could
be
expected
from
men
of
Courage
,
and
infinitely
above
their
Strength
;
but
there
was
a
necessity
that
they
must
yield
to
multitude
with
which
they
were
oppressed
,
most
of
them
being
either
slain
or
taken
that
miserable
day
:
Henry
,
Count
de
Bar
,
one
of
the
most
Valiant
Princes
of
his
time
,
Simon
,
Count
de
Clermont
,
the
Lords
,
John
de
Barres
,
Robert
Malet
,
Richard
de
Beaumont
,
and
many
others
of
the
Bravest
and
most
remarkable
men
,
remained
dead
upon
the
place
;
The
Constable
Amauri
,
and
seventy
other
great
French
Lords
,
after
having
fought
most
courageously
,
and
by
their
long
resistance
given
an
opportunity
to
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
to
make
his
escape
,
were
taken
Prisoners
and
carried
in
Chains
to
Grand
Caire
.
Thus
ended
this
unhappy
Jealousie
,
Ambition
,
and
Vain
Glory
,
which
were
governed
by
rashness
and
Imprudence
in
this
fatal
Encounter
of
our
Ancient
Worthies
,
whose
misfortune
may
teach
all
the
Gallant
men
of
our
times
,
that
they
can
never
be
truely
Brave
unless
their
Courage
be
regulated
by
Prudence
in
the
Commanders
,
and
Obediences
in
the
Inferior
Officers
and
Soldiers
.
This
unfortunate
news
did
so
astonish
all
the
rest
of
the
Army
,
which
was
at
Ascalon
,
in
no
very
good
understanding
among
themselves
,
that
they
presently
returned
to
Ptolemais
,
where
the
divisions
,
which
continued
still
among
them
,
as
well
as
between
the
Sultans
of
Egypt
and
Damascus
,
compleated
the
loss
of
all
,
by
two
most
Shameful
Treaties
with
the
Infidels
.
For
the
Templers
,
who
had
one
part
of
the
Army
on
their
side
,
made
a
Truce
with
Nazer
,
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
year
1240
upon
condition
that
he
should
surrender
to
them
the
Castles
of
Beaufort
and
Saphet
,
with
all
the
Territory
of
Jerusalem
,
and
that
they
should
assist
him
with
all
their
Forces
against
Melech-Salah
,
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
who
had
dethroned
his
Brother
Edel
to
possess
himself
thereof
:
and
the
Hospitallers
,
supported
by
the
King
of
Navarr
,
the
Dukes
of
Burgundy
,
and
Bretany
,
and
the
other
part
of
the
Army
,
made
a
truce
quite
opposite
to
this
with
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
against
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
.
After
which
the
King
of
Navarr
,
the
Duke
of
Bretany
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
Cusades
,
embarking
in
the
Port
of
Acre
,
returned
into
their
own
Country
,
almost
at
the
same
time
that
Richard
,
Earl
of
Cornwall
,
Brother
to
King
Henry
the
third
of
England
,
arrived
in
Palestine
with
good
Troops
of
English
Crusades
.
This
Prince
,
who
following
the
Example
of
his
Uncle
Richard
Coeur
de
Lyon
,
had
taken
the
Cross
with
a
great
Party
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
of
England
,
embarked
at
Dover
about
Whitsontide
,
and
landing
in
France
,
passed
to
Paris
,
where
he
was
magnificently
received
by
St.
Lewis
,
who
lodged
him
in
his
Palace
,
and
caused
him
to
be
royally
treated
,
and
conducted
to
Lyons
,
from
whence
passing
by
Roan
,
to
Arles
,
where
he
was
to
be
received
by
Count
Raymond
de
Provence
,
he
came
to
Marseilles
,
and
about
the
middle
of
September
,
he
imbarked
upon
the
Fleet
,
which
he
had
sent
through
the
Straits
,
and
upon
the
eleventh
of
October
,
in
fifteen
days
after
the
departure
of
the
King
of
Navarr
,
he
came
to
Anchor
in
the
Road
of
Ptolemais
.
The
Sarasins
had
a
strange
fear
upon
them
,
for
this
Prince
,
whose
very
name
was
formidable
to
them
,
renewing
the
memory
of
the
famous
Richard
,
King
of
England
,
who
by
his
marvellous
Feats
of
Arms
was
so
terrible
to
these
Infidels
,
that
the
Women
were
wont
to
quiet
their
Children
when
they
cried
with
threatning
them
with
King
Richard
;
and
the
Horsemen
to
make
a
Skewish
boggling
Horse
go
forward
,
would
commonly
say
to
him
in
clapping
their
Spurrs
to
him
,
What
?
dost
think
it
is
King
Richard
?
And
certainly
his
Nephew
wanted
neither
Spirit
nor
Courage
,
neither
Money
nor
Conduct
,
to
support
a
name
so
great
,
and
so
terribly
to
the
Sarasins
.
He
did
all
that
could
be
expected
from
a
very
great
Prince
,
to
put
things
into
a
Condition
,
so
that
it
might
be
hoped
the
War
against
the
Infidels
might
be
happily
prosecuted
;
for
within
three
days
after
his
arrival
he
caused
it
to
be
proclaimed
by
the
sound
of
Trumpet
through
the
whole
City
,
That
if
any
one
of
those
,
who
remained
in
the
Holy
Land
,
stood
in
need
of
Money
,
he
would
furnish
them
during
all
the
time
of
their
Service
.
But
he
quickly
learnt
,
that
in
the
deplorable
condition
to
which
matters
were
reduced
,
by
the
division
,
which
still
continued
among
the
principal
Officers
,
and
above
all
the
Templers
and
Hospitallers
,
there
was
no
appearance
of
succeeding
by
the
way
of
Arms.
And
therefore
seeing
that
it
was
impossible
to
bring
them
to
any
agreement
,
and
that
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
did
not
at
all
observe
the
truce
,
whereas
he
of
Egypt
offered
to
continue
it
,
with
new
advantages
to
the
Christians
,
he
resolved
at
last
by
the
advice
of
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
the
great
Master
of
the
Hospital
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
Crusades
,
to
accept
of
it
upon
these
conditions
,
That
all
the
Prisoners
an
each
side
,
and
especially
those
,
who
were
taken
at
the
Battle
of
Gaza
,
should
be
set
at
liberty
;
and
that
the
Christians
should
enjoy
certain
Lands
,
which
the
Sultan
possessed
in
Palestine
.
Mean
time
the
Earl
,
whilest
he
staid
for
the
ratification
of
the
Treaty
,
caused
a
Fortress
to
be
built
near
Ascalon
,
which
was
finished
before
his
departure
.
After
which
the
Sultan
,
who
acted
like
his
Father
,
Meledin
,
with
great
Sincerity
having
signed
and
ratified
the
Treaty
,
which
he
caused
to
be
approved
by
all
his
Emirs
,
he
sent
back
all
the
Prisoners
together
with
the
Constable
of
Montfort
,
who
during
his
Imprisoment
had
been
treated
more
rigorously
than
all
the
others
,
in
regard
that
out
of
his
Generosity
he
could
never
be
perswaded
to
discover
the
quality
of
the
Barons
,
who
were
in
Captivity
with
him
.
After
which
Richard
,
having
caused
the
bones
of
the
French
,
who
were
slain
in
the
Battle
of
Gaza
,
to
be
gathered
up
,
and
honourably
interred
in
the
Church
yard
at
Ascalon
,
reimbarked
upon
his
Fleet
and
steered
towards
Italy
.
The
Ship
,
which
carried
the
Constable
Amauri
,
put
in
at
Otranto
,
where
this
Illustrious
Count
died
by
a
kind
of
Martyrdom
by
the
hardships
which
he
indured
in
his
Captivity
;
happy
in
this
that
he
had
spent
the
best
part
of
his
Life
,
either
in
Combating
against
the
Albigensian
Hereticks
,
year
1241
or
the
Sarasin
Infidels
for
the
Interests
of
Jesus
Christ
,
of
whom
he
had
the
Honour
to
be
a
Knight
after
a
most
particular
manner
,
and
such
a
one
as
doth
not
afford
us
another
Example
besides
himself
.
For
Count
Simon
,
his
Father
,
General
of
the
Holy
League
,
and
the
Crusade
against
the
Albigenses
,
having
made
a
great
meeting
of
Barons
and
Bishops
at
Castelnau-d'-Arry
,
upon
St.
John
Baptist's
day
,
in
the
year
twelve
hundred
and
thirteen
,
there
to
celebrate
with
great
Pomp
and
magnificence
,
the
promotion
of
his
eldest
Son
,
Amauri
,
to
the
order
of
Knighthood
,
his
absolute
pleasure
was
,
contrary
the
common
to
Custom
,
that
the
Ceremony
should
be
performed
by
the
Bishops
.
And
for
this
purpose
addressing
himself
to
two
of
the
greatest
Prelates
of
their
time
,
Manasses
,
Bishop
of
Orleance
,
and
William
,
Bishop
of
Auxerre
,
who
was
afterwards
removed
to
Paris
,
and
who
were
two
Brothers
of
the
Illustrious
House
of
Seignelay
,
whose
name
they
bore
,
he
obliged
them
notwithstanding
all
their
modest
resistance
to
satisfie
him
,
telling
them
,
that
since
he
was
resolved
that
his
Son
should
be
a
Knight
of
Jesus
Christ
,
it
was
reasonable
that
he
should
receive
that
order
by
the
Hands
of
the
Bishops
,
who
represent
Christ
Jesus
,
our
Master
and
our
King
.
Thereupon
the
Bishop
of
Orleance
in
his
Episcopal
Habits
,
having
celebrated
Mass
in
a
most
magnificent
Pavilion
,
which
was
erected
in
the
Field
of
Castelnau-d'-Arry
,
which
was
filled
with
Knights
,
Soldiers
and
People
,
the
Count
,
and
Countess
his
Lady
,
presented
Amauri
before
the
Altar
,
supplicating
the
Bishops
to
give
him
the
order
of
Knighthood
,
to
serve
Jesus
Christ
against
the
Enemies
of
his
Holy
Name
;
then
the
Bishop
who
officiated
,
and
William
,
Bishop
of
Auxerre
,
kneeling
down
,
girded
the
Sword
about
him
,
and
by
their
Prayers
begged
the
Blessings
of
Heaven
upon
this
new
Knight
,
who
about
three
Months
after
signalized
himself
in
the
memorable
Battle
of
Muret
,
where
his
Father
with
less
than
two
thousand
men
defeated
a
hundred
thousand
Albigensians
and
Aragoneses
,
under
their
King
,
Peter
,
who
was
slain
upon
the
field
with
twenty
thousand
of
his
men
.
And
afterwards
he
performed
so
many
gallant
things
,
following
the
Example
and
the
orders
of
that
great
Captain
,
that
some
time
after
his
death
,
King
Lewis
the
eighth
acknowledging
him
for
a
Son
,
who
had
rendred
himself
most
worthy
of
such
a
Father
,
bestowed
upon
him
the
Sword
of
a
Constable
of
France
.
And
as
this
brave
Count
was
extremely
considered
by
the
Pope
,
both
for
his
own
Merit
,
and
for
that
of
the
famous
Simon
de
Montfort
,
he
caused
magnificent
Funerals
to
be
made
for
him
at
Rome
,
where
he
was
interred
in
the
Church
of
the
Vatican
;
his
heart
,
according
to
his
desire
at
his
death
,
being
carried
into
France
,
and
buried
under
the
Monument
,
where
his
Statue
lies
in
the
Church
of
the
Nunnery
of
Hautebruiere
,
which
is
at
this
day
more
famous
than
ever
,
not
only
for
the
rare
Vertues
of
so
many
illustrious
Virgins
as
are
consecrated
to
God
,
but
also
,
by
reason
of
the
certainty
,
that
besides
the
heart
of
the
Constable
Amauri
,
and
the
Bodies
of
his
Grandfather
and
his
Uncle
,
Gui
de
Montfort
,
there
lieth
interred
that
of
Simon
his
Father
,
that
invincible
Champion
of
Jesus
Christ
,
who
with
so
much
Courage
and
good
Fortune
combated
for
his
Glory
against
the
Albigensian
Hereticks
.
For
as
they
were
at
work
in
the
Year
one
thousand
six
hundred
fifty
six
,
to
repair
his
Tomb
,
which
is
to
be
seen
in
the
middle
of
that
Church
,
there
were
found
the
Bones
of
a
man
and
a
Woman
lying
in
their
natural
order
,
wrapped
up
neatly
in
Carnation
Taffata
,
which
being
compared
with
the
inscription
,
gives
no
place
for
doubting
,
but
that
these
are
the
Bones
of
this
famous
Count
,
and
Alice
his
Wise
,
which
are
deposited
in
that
Tomb.
And
this
is
so
far
from
contradicting
,
what
Peter
du
Val
de
Sernay
writes
,
that
Count
Amauri
caused
the
Body
of
his
Father
to
be
carried
from
the
Field
of
Tolouse
to
Carcassone
,
that
it
is
most
conformable
to
him
,
because
he
says
that
he
caused
it
to
be
first
carried
thither
,
and
that
word
makes
it
clear
to
me
,
that
he
had
a
design
to
transport
them
to
some
other
place
,
after
which
,
according
to
the
custom
of
France
in
that
time
,
that
they
had
separated
the
Flesh
from
the
Bones
with
boyling
Water
,
which
the
Historian
expresseth
by
these
words
,
Primùm
apud
Carcassonam
curatum
Gallico
more
,
exportavit
.
They
first
did
that
to
his
Body
at
Carcassone
,
which
the
French
were
accustomed
to
do
,
and
which
sometime
after
was
done
to
the
Body
of
St
Lowis
,
separating
the
Flesh
from
the
Bones
.
The
Flesh
and
the
Intrals
of
Count
Simon
were
interred
at
Carcassone
,
and
the
Bones
were
transported
into
France
by
his
Son
into
the
Earldom
,
year
1241
which
bore
his
name
,
and
which
to
this
day
carries
that
of
his
and
his
great
Grandfather
,
being
called
Montfort-l'-Amauri
.
I
have
contrary
to
my
custom
,
made
this
little
remark
by
the
by
,
to
do
Justice
to
this
Famous
Nunnery
,
and
to
shew
,
that
many
times
People
dispute
much
at
ramdom
out
of
passages
in
Ancient
Authors
concerning
the
Monuments
they
pretend
to
possess
,
either
by
reading
them
only
in
Quotations
,
or
not
examining
them
with
that
exactness
as
they
ought
,
in
order
to
their
making
an
equitable
Judgment
of
them
.
Thus
it
was
that
the
Constable
Amauri
de
Montfort
ended
his
days
at
Otranto
in
his
return
from
the
Holy
Land
,
at
the
same
time
that
Richard
,
Earl
of
Cornwall
,
landing
in
Sicily
,
after
he
had
conferred
with
the
Emperor
Frederick
,
passed
to
Rome
to
endeavour
an
accomodation
of
matters
with
the
Pope
,
whom
he
found
still
firm
and
inflexible
in
his
refolution
to
have
intire
Satisfaction
;
but
yet
nevertheless
extremely
troubled
with
the
sad
news
,
which
he
had
received
of
the
taking
of
his
Legates
,
and
all
the
Prelates
,
which
he
had
convoked
to
Rome
.
The
Pope
considering
the
pitious
condition
,
to
which
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
in
the
East
were
reduced
,
and
that
Frederick
drawing
his
advantage
from
this
ill
Success
,
charged
it
all
upon
the
Pope
,
to
render
him
odious
to
all
the
Princes
;
and
that
he
became
still
more
powerful
and
more
hot
in
his
Persecutions
of
the
Holy
See
,
and
that
while
the
West
was
troubled
with
this
War
,
it
was
impossible
for
any
Crusade
to
prosper
in
the
East
;
all
these
considerations
had
made
him
resolve
in
the
preceding
Year
,
according
to
the
advice
of
the
King
,
St.
Lewis
,
who
passionately
desired
the
Peace
of
the
Church
,
to
call
a
general
Council
at
Rome
,
to
meet
in
Easter
of
this
Year
,
to
which
he
invited
all
the
Princes
and
Prelates
of
Christendom
.
Frederick
himself
at
first
made
some
appearance
of
consenting
to
it
,
and
in
order
thereto
to
admit
of
a
Truce
with
the
Pope
;
but
he
presently
changed
his
opinion
,
and
upon
the
demand
that
the
Lombards
should
be
also
comprised
in
this
truce
,
to
the
end
that
this
War
might
not
obstruct
the
Freedom
of
passage
to
the
Council
,
he
took
occasion
to
write
to
all
Princes
,
whom
he
endeavoured
to
interest
in
his
Cause
,
in
which
Letters
he
complained
,
That
this
Council
was
not
called
by
the
Bishop
of
Rome
,
his
mortal
and
declared
Enemy
,
for
any
other
end
,
but
to
give
his
Rebellious
Subjects
,
who
were
at
the
last
gasp
,
the
leisure
to
take
breath
,
and
to
renew
the
War
with
more
Vigour
than
before
,
at
the
same
time
when
he
would
condemn
and
depose
him
in
a
Council
,
wherein
his
Capital
Enemy
was
to
preside
,
and
wherein
it
was
well
known
,
that
many
People
,
who
were
Enemies
to
the
Empire
,
and
others
of
whom
he
was
well
assured
,
that
they
were
his
Creatures
and
dependants
,
were
to
be
his
Judges
.
That
for
these
reasons
he
desired
them
to
advertise
all
the
Prelates
in
their
Dominions
,
that
they
should
forbear
this
Voyage
,
for
which
he
could
not
promise
them
any
safety
,
in
regard
,
that
though
for
the
love
of
the
Princes
,
his
Friends
and
Allies
,
he
was
ready
to
favour
their
Subjects
in
all
things
,
he
was
nevertheless
absolutely
resolved
not
to
permit
any
that
should
be
so
audacious
as
to
go
to
a
Council
,
which
was
called
against
him
by
his
mortal
Enemy
.
Mean
while
he
caused
all
the
Passages
to
be
diligently
guarded
,
taking
,
imprisoning
,
treating
ill
and
cruelly
Massacring
some
of
those
,
who
adventured
to
go
by
Land
;
and
to
guard
the
Sea
,
he
set
out
a
great
Fleet
,
and
armed
out
twenty
new
Gallies
at
Naples
and
in
Sicily
,
which
towards
the
end
of
March
joined
those
of
Pisa
,
who
were
of
the
Emperor's
Party
,
under
Entius
,
the
King
of
Sardinia
.
The
Pope
also
on
his
side
having
a
great
Soul
,
as
upon
all
occasions
,
he
made
apparent
,
and
a
Vigour
much
surpassing
his
Age
,
which
now
approached
to
a
hundred
years
,
and
whose
Courage
was
invincible
in
maintaining
the
Rights
of
the
Church
and
the
Supream
dignity
of
the
Pontificate
,
writ
the
most
curious
Letters
in
the
World
to
all
Prelates
,
to
exhort
them
by
all
Considerations
,
both
Divine
and
humane
,
to
despise
the
Menaces
of
Frederick
,
and
generously
to
expose
themselves
to
all
hazards
,
for
the
Service
of
the
Church
in
the
most
important
of
all
occasions
,
which
was
to
hinder
her
from
being
oppressed
and
robbed
intirely
of
all
her
Liberty
,
promising
them
withal
,
that
he
would
take
care
to
Arm
so
potently
at
Sea
for
their
safe
passage
,
that
they
should
have
no
occasion
to
fear
their
Enemies
.
year
1241
And
in
truth
he
gave
particular
and
most
pressing
orders
to
Cardinal
Gregory
,
whom
he
had
sent
Legate
to
Genoa
,
to
spare
for
no
charges
to
reinforce
his
Fleet
with
a
great
number
of
Ships
,
which
he
was
to
join
with
those
of
Genoa
;
and
the
Genoeses
,
who
made
no
doubt
,
but
they
should
be
able
to
beat
all
that
they
should
encounter
upon
the
Sea
,
promised
with
so
much
certainty
and
Considence
to
the
Prelates
of
France
,
Spain
,
England
and
Italy
,
who
were
come
to
that
Port
,
with
the
two
Legates
of
France
and
England
,
that
they
would
conduct
them
to
Rome
without
any
manner
of
danger
,
that
they
resolved
to
venture
that
passage
rather
than
trust
to
the
offers
of
the
Emperor
.
For
that
Politick
Prince
seeing
them
arrived
at
Genoa
,
notwithstanding
all
his
menaces
,
changed
his
method
;
and
whether
it
were
,
that
he
had
a
design
to
surprize
them
,
or
that
he
would
thereby
endeavour
to
persuade
the
World
,
that
he
was
ready
on
his
side
to
make
all
manner
of
reasonable
advances
,
towards
Peace
,
which
could
be
expected
from
him
,
he
offered
them
all
the
Security
,
which
they
could
desire
,
and
in
such
manner
as
should
best
like
them
for
their
free
passage
through
Lombardy
and
Romanca
,
that
so
he
might
have
the
opportunity
of
informing
them
of
the
Justice
of
his
care
;
it
being
as
he
said
,
altogether
unreasonable
,
that
,
after
having
already
been
condomned
by
his
Enemy
,
Gregory
,
without
being
heard
,
he
should
also
be
condemned
by
those
,
whom
the
Pope
had
called
together
to
serve
his
own
Passion
against
an
Emperor
,
who
desired
nothing
but
throughly
to
instruct
them
,
after
which
he
would
willingly
submit
to
their
Judgment
.
But
the
Prelates
durst
not
trust
to
the
Faith
of
a
Prince
,
who
was
accused
not
to
have
too
great
an
Honour
for
his
word
;
and
being
encouraged
by
the
Pope
,
and
the
Genoese
Admiral
,
who
considently
affirmed
always
that
they
should
not
need
to
fear
any
thing
,
they
all
in
conclusion
went
aboard
the
Fleet
,
except
the
Arch-Bishops
of
Bourges
and
of
Tours
,
and
the
Bishops
of
Chartres
,
and
some
others
,
who
not
finding
the
Convoy
,
that
was
promised
them
beyond
Vienna
,
and
judging
it
was
not
safe
for
them
to
pass
any
further
,
returned
into
their
respective
Diocesses
.
And
certainly
it
appeared
quickly
after
,
that
they
had
acted
with
reason
and
foresight
;
for
the
Enemies
Fleet
,
which
expected
that
of
Genoa
in
their
passage
,
meeting
with
them
about
Pisa
;
there
was
a
necessity
of
coming
to
an
engagement
,
which
was
very
fatal
to
the
Genoese
,
and
to
all
the
Prelates
,
whom
they
conducted
.
For
three
of
their
Gallies
were
sunk
,
two
and
twenty
taken
,
with
the
greatest
part
of
the
other
Ships
,
together
with
the
three
Legates
,
a
hundred
Ambassadours
or
Procurators
of
Cities
and
Bishops
,
four
thousand
Genoese
,
and
almost
all
the
Prelates
,
who
were
going
to
the
Council
;
among
which
for
France
,
where
the
Arch-Bishops
of
Roan
,
Ausch
,
Bourdeaux
,
and
Besanson
,
the
Bishops
of
Nismes
,
Agde
,
and
Carcassone
,
the
Abbots
of
the
Cluniaques
,
Cistercians
,
and
Clairvalleys
,
whom
Frederick
,
who
was
then
at
Faenza
,
which
after
a
long
Siege
he
had
taken
,
caused
to
be
carried
bound
to
the
Castle
of
the
Egg
at
Naples
,
where
the
greatest
part
of
them
perished
miserably
,
by
their
long
Sufferings
,
only
the
Prelates
of
France
escaped
better
by
the
interposition
of
St.
Lewis
,
who
sent
to
demand
them
of
the
Emperor
.
At
first
Frederick
made
some
difficulty
to
deliver
them
,
they
being
,
as
he
said
,
his
Enemies
;
but
the
King
writ
to
him
a
Letter
so
reasonable
,
but
withal
so
positive
,
giving
him
to
understand
,
on
the
one
hand
,
that
they
had
no
manner
of
intention
to
do
him
prejudice
;
and
on
the
other
,
that
though
he
had
a
resolution
to
maintain
a
good
understanding
with
the
Empire
,
yet
he
was
not
deposed
to
purchase
it
at
the
rate
of
so
disobliging
and
dishonourable
a
refusal
of
his
demands
;
insomuch
that
this
Prince
,
as
fierce
as
he
was
,
being
afraid
to
provoke
a
King
,
whom
he
both
extremely
honoured
and
feared
,
in
consequence
upon
his
more
cool
and
deliberate
thoughts
,
judged
it
convenient
to
satisfie
him
,
and
therefore
sent
home
his
Bishops
and
Abbots
into
France
.
In
short
this
Accident
,
so
fatal
to
the
whole
Church
,
and
which
ruined
all
the
good
designs
of
the
Pope
for
the
Holy
Land
,
did
so
afflict
him
,
that
his
extreme
old
Age
,
although
wonderful
vigorous
,
being
unable
long
to
resist
the
Violence
of
his
Grief
,
he
died
of
Age
,
and
his
resentment
of
this
Blow
,
about
three
Months
after
,
having
for
above
fourteen
years
with
marvellous
Courage
steered
the
Ship
of
St.
Peter
,
in
that
terrible
Tempest
,
which
had
been
raised
by
the
Quarrels
,
year
1241
and
Persecutions
of
Frederick
.
Geossry
de
Chastillon
,
a
Milanese
,
was
thirty
days
after
chosen
by
the
name
of
Celestine
the
fourth
,
and
did
immediately
all
that
he
could
by
writing
to
the
Emperor
,
Letters
full
of
tenderness
to
sweeten
his
Spirit
,
and
incline
him
to
restore
Peace
to
the
Church
;
But
the
death
of
this
Pope
,
which
followed
within
ten
days
after
his
Exhaltation
,
hindred
him
from
finishing
,
what
he
had
so
happily
begun
.
After
his
death
the
Holy
See
was
Vacant
for
above
two
years
,
by
reason
that
the
Cardinals
always
refused
to
assemble
,
unless
Frederick
would
deliver
their
Bretliren
,
who
had
protested
the
Nullity
of
such
Elections
,
as
should
be
made
without
them
,
and
whom
the
Emperor
persisted
obstinately
to
detain
all
that
time
.
But
at
length
Baldwin
the
Second
the
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
who
in
the
extremity
to
which
his
Affairs
were
reduced
,
was
come
in
Person
to
desire
the
Assistance
of
the
West
,
wrought
so
effectually
upon
his
Spirit
,
already
shaken
by
the
Clamours
of
all
Christendom
,
that
he
restored
them
to
their
Liberty
.
And
then
by
common
consent
Cardinal
Sinibald
de
Fiesque
,
was
chosen
at
Anagnia
,
upon
the
twenty
fourth
day
of
June
,
year
1243
who
took
the
name
of
Innocent
the
fourth
,
which
he
rendred
so
famous
by
his
Virtue
,
and
by
his
Knowledge
in
the
Canon
Law
,
of
which
he
was
called
the
Father
.
It
was
the
General
belief
of
the
World
that
this
Election
,
would
fully
reestablish
the
Peace
of
the
Church
,
in
regard
that
this
Pope
,
while
he
was
Cardinal
,
had
been
a
mighty
Friend
to
Frederick
,
and
that
at
first
the
Emperor
,
sent
to
him
a
magnificent
Ambassage
,
to
congratulate
him
upon
his
Exaltation
,
to
offer
him
whatever
was
in
his
power
,
by
submitting
himself
intirely
to
him
in
all
things
,
the
Rights
and
Dignities
of
his
Empire
and
his
Realms
always
excepted
.
After
this
also
he
sent
his
Chancellor
,
Peter
de
Vignes
,
and
Thadeus
de
Sessa
,
who
promised
solemnly
in
his
behalf
,
and
with
an
Oath
,
that
he
would
stand
to
his
Judgment
,
as
to
the
satisfaction
,
which
he
was
to
make
;
insomuch
that
there
seemed
to
remain
no
doubt
,
but
Peace
would
be
concluded
.
But
this
belief
was
quickly
lost
;
for
the
Pope
having
sent
his
Legates
to
the
Emperor
,
to
let
him
know
that
he
was
ready
to
receive
him
to
peace
and
to
the
Communion
of
the
Church
,
provided
,
that
he
purged
himself
of
those
Crimes
,
for
which
Gregory
had
condemned
him
;
and
that
Innocent
on
his
side
was
disposed
to
give
him
satisfaction
,
if
in
a
General
Council
,
which
should
judge
of
it
,
it
should
be
found
that
he
had
offended
.
This
so
exasperated
the
Emperor
,
that
he
carried
matters
to
the
utmost
Extremities
,
so
that
the
Pope
finding
that
he
was
not
in
safety
in
Italy
,
was
obliged
to
take
refuge
in
France
,
which
hath
ever
been
the
Sanctuary
and
retreat
of
persecuted
Popes
.
year
1244
But
as
the
first
and
the
greatest
care
which
he
had
,
so
soon
as
he
was
elevated
to
St.
Peter's
Chair
,
was
to
reestablish
Jerusalem
,
and
to
secure
it
to
the
Christians
,
by
procuring
all
the
Princes
of
Europe
to
contribute
to
the
rebuilding
of
the
Walls
of
that
City
,
so
as
to
render
it
impregnable
,
it
was
at
the
same
time
,
that
he
received
a
terrible
Surcharge
of
grief
,
by
the
sad
news
,
which
he
received
of
the
intire
desolation
of
that
Holy
City
,
and
the
horrible
Profanation
of
the
Sacred
places
by
the
Corasmins
,
whom
the
Tartars
,
who
ravaged
the
whole
East
,
had
chased
out
of
their
Country
.
And
this
is
the
Subject
,
which
I
am
next
to
recount
,
this
miserable
accident
being
the
principal
Cause
of
the
seventh
and
last
Crusade
,
which
was
wholly
managed
in
a
manner
by
the
French
,
under
the
King
St.
Lewis
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
CRUSADE
,
OR
,
The
Expeditions
of
the
Christian
Princes
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
.
PART
IV.
BOOK
II.
The
CONTENTS
of
the
Second
Book
.
The
Original
of
the
Tartars
,
and
their
Empire
.
They
drive
the
Corasmins
,
the
Descendants
of
the
Ancient
Parthians
,
out
of
Persia
.
The
Irruption
of
these
Barbarians
into
Palestine
.
The
intire
Desolation
of
Jerusalem
.
The
Effect
which
this
produced
in
the
West
.
The
Relation
of
the
first
Council
of
Lyons
,
where
Frederick
is
excommunicated
and
deposed
.
The
Decree
of
the
Council
for
the
Crusade
.
The
Decision
of
the
Pope
touching
the
Deposition
of
Dom
Sanches
,
King
of
Portugal
.
A
marvellous
Example
of
Fidelity
in
the
Governour
of
Conimbra
.
The
Emperor
's
Manifest
,
and
his
Exploits
.
A
Crusade
published
against
him
,
which
hinders
the
Effect
of
the
General
Crusade
for
the
deliverance
of
the
Holy
Land
.
St.
Lewis
undertakes
it
singly
with
the
French
.
He
takes
the
Cross
,
and
causes
many
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
of
France
,
to
follow
his
Example
in
the
Assembly
of
Paris
.
The
Conference
of
Clugri
for
this
Crusade
.
The
Ambassage
of
Frederick
to
St.
Lewis
,
and
the
wise
Conduct
of
the
King
in
reference
to
the
Emperor
.
The
Politick
Reasons
to
justifie
this
Enterprise
of
St.
Lewis
,
with
an
account
of
what
was
done
at
the
beginning
of
it
.
His
Voyage
to
Aigues-Mortes
,
where
he
takes
shipping
.
His
arrival
in
the
Isle
of
Cyprus
.
He
commits
a
great
Error
by
staying
there
six
Months
.
The
Death
of
divers
Lords
there
.
That
of
Archambald
de
Bourbon
.
The
Marriage
of
his
Grand-daughter
,
Beatrix
of
Burgundy
,
with
Robert
the
fourth
,
the
Son
of
St.
Lewis
,
from
whom
the
Princes
of
the
Angust
House
of
Bourbon
are
descended
.
The
Ambassage
of
the
Tartars
to
St.
Lewis
,
during
his
stay
in
Cyprus
.
His
arrival
in
Egypt
.
The
Battle
of
Damiata
,
and
the
taking
of
that
City
from
the
Sarasins
,
who
abandon
it
,
and
the
reason
of
their
doing
so
.
The
Entry
of
the
King
into
Damiata
.
The
Error
which
he
commits
by
stopping
there
.
The
Army
grows
dissolute
and
debauched
by
lying
idly
there
.
The
arrival
of
the
Count
de
Poitiers
.
The
Resolution
which
is
taken
of
going
directly
to
Caire
.
The
Situation
of
the
Places
where
the
two
Armies
are
incamped
.
The
unsuccessful
attempt
of
the
Crusades
to
turn
the
Nile
.
They
pass
the
River
.
The
first
Battle
of
Massore
,
where
the
Count
d'
Artois
is
slain
.
The
second
Battle
,
and
the
admirable
Actions
of
the
King
.
The
Plague
and
Famine
in
the
Camp
.
An
unfortunate
Retreat
wherein
the
whole
Army
is
defeated
,
and
the
King
,
with
all
the
Princes
and
Lords
are
taken
Prisoners
.
An
Heroick
Action
of
Gaucher
de
Chastillon
in
this
Retreat
.
The
admirable
Constancy
of
the
King
in
his
Imprisonment
.
His
Treaty
with
the
Sultan
.
The
Original
of
the
Mamalukes
.
The
Revolution
in
the
Empire
of
Egypt
by
the
Murder
of
the
Sultan
.
The
Confirmation
of
the
Treaty
,
with
the
Admirals
.
The
King
absolutely
refuseth
to
take
the
Oath
,
which
these
Barbarians
would
exact
from
him
.
The
Refutation
of
the
Fable
touching
the
pawning
of
the
Holy
Eucharist
to
the
Sarasins
by
the
King
Lewis
.
His
Deliverance
,
and
admirable
Fidelity
to
his
Promise
,
and
the
perfidiousness
of
the
Egyptians
.
year
1244
ALL
that
vast
Tract
of
Land
,
which
anciently
comprised
the
Asiatick
Sarmatia
,
the
two
Scythia's
,
the
one
on
this
side
,
the
other
beyond
the
Mount
Imaus
,
with
the
third
,
which
was
unknown
to
Ptolomy
,
from
Tanais
to
the
Strait
of
Anian
,
was
formerly
called
,
as
it
is
at
this
Day
,
Tartaria
,
from
the
Name
of
the
River
Tartar
,
or
Tattar
,
which
dischargeth
it self
at
the
farthest
part
of
this
vast
Continent
towards
the
East
into
the
Northern
Sea
.
It
was
inhabited
by
an
infinite
number
of
People
extremely
Barbarous
,
who
were
called
Tartars
and
Mongols
,
and
who
for
a
long
time
lived
without
Cities
,
without
Laws
,
without
Civil
Policy
,
being
divided
into
divers
Troops
,
who
had
every
one
their
Conductor
,
to
lead
them
from
time
to
time
into
divers
places
proper
for
the
feeding
of
their
Flocks
and
Herds
,
till
such
time
as
one
named
Cyngis
obliged
all
the
rest
,
either
by
cunning
or
by
force
to
acknowledge
him
for
their
Master
and
their
Sovereign
.
Then
he
took
the
Surname
of
Can
,
which
signifies
Master
,
Prince
,
and
Emperor
;
and
after
having
instructed
and
disciplined
his
new
Subjects
,
he
lead
them
,
about
the
beginning
of
this
Century
,
into
Indostan
against
King
David
,
to
whom
they
were
Tributaries
,
and
having
vanquished
him
in
a
great
Battle
,
he
put
him
with
his
whole
Family
to
death
,
excepting
one
of
his
Daughters
,
whom
he
married
,
and
made
himself
Master
of
all
that
Country
where
his
discendants
,
which
are
called
Mogols
,
a
name
of
the
Tartars
Reign
even
to
this
present
day
.
After
which
this
Can
being
slain
with
a
stroak
of
Lightning
,
his
Son
Hocloda-Can
,
who
had
as
much
Courage
and
Conduct
as
Ambition
,
indeavoured
the
Conquest
of
all
Asia
,
and
having
divided
his
Troops
,
whose
number
was
infinite
,
into
four
terrible
Armies
,
the
Conduct
of
three
of
which
he
gave
to
three
of
his
Sons
,
year
1244
and
to
his
Lieutenant
Cabesabada
;
the
first
of
them
moving
Northward
,
seized
in
Europe
upon
the
Regions
lying
between
the
Tanais
,
the
Taurick
Chersonesus
,
and
the
Euxin
Sea
,
which
at
this
time
are
called
the
lesser
Tartars
.
The
second
,
after
having
desolated
the
great
Armenia
,
and
the
Country
of
the
Georgians
,
penetrated
Westward
as
far
as
Transylvania
,
Hungary
,
and
Poland
,
even
to
the
Confines
of
Germany
,
putting
all
before
them
to
Fire
and
Sword
.
The
third
entring
into
the
le●ser
Asia
,
there
defeated
Gajazadin
,
the
Sultan
of
Iconium
,
and
compelled
the
Turks
to
pay
Tribute
to
the
Tartars
.
The
fourth
having
subdued
all
Persia
,
obliged
the
Corasmins
,
the
Descendants
of
the
Ancient
Parthians
to
go
in
search
of
their
Fortunes
beyond
the
Tigris
and
Euphrates
;
whereupon
they
addressed
themselves
to
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
to
desire
of
him
some
place
of
residence
,
they
being
driven
out
of
their
own
Country
by
the
Tartars
.
This
Sultan
,
who
did
not
like
such
dangerous
Guests
,
and
yet
,
who
was
very
glad
to
make
use
of
them
against
his
Enemies
,
caused
it
to
be
told
them
,
that
he
left
to
them
all
the
Country
of
Palestine
,
upon
which
they
might
without
difficulty
seize
,
in
regard
,
that
the
greatest
part
of
the
places
there
were
open
,
and
without
defence
.
And
this
he
did
in
revenge
,
because
almost
all
the
Christians
of
the
Holy
Land
,
following
the
Advice
and
Example
of
the
Knights
of
the
Temple
,
having
broken
the
Truce
,
which
they
had
made
with
him
,
had
confederated
against
him
with
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
his
Enemy
,
upon
condition
that
he
should
relinquish
to
them
all
Palestine
,
from
Jordan
to
the
Sea
.
Certainly
there
is
nothing
more
unlawful
or
dishonourable
than
to
violate
ones
Faith
,
when
once
it
is
given
,
whether
it
be
even
to
Infidels
and
Barbarians
;
for
he
who
receives
it
does
at
the
same
time
acquire
a
natural
Right
to
the
observing
of
it
so
long
as
the
Treaty
continues
,
except
he
does
first
violate
and
infringe
it
himself
.
And
the
true
Religion
,
which
Christians
profess
,
can
never
,
without
being
rendred
extreme
odious
,
be
pretended
as
a
sufficient
Reason
to
authorise
Persidiousness
,
which
it
prohibits
,
and
which
it
abhors
;
and
therefore
we
have
frequently
seen
,
that
the
Breach
of
Faith
,
which
men
have
covered
with
the
specious
pretext
of
Religion
,
as
if
God
would
permit
us
to
deceive
those
,
who
differ
from
us
in
their
Belief
,
hath
always
been
followed
by
some
great
Misfortune
;
which
justifies
the
Providence
of
God
,
by
making
it
apparent
that
he
is
so
far
from
approving
such
Infractions
of
mutual
Treaties
and
Stipulations
,
that
he
does
most
visibly
and
terribly
punish
such
as
are
guilty
of
them
,
as
was
manifested
in
this
Rencounter
.
For
the
Corasmins
being
assured
of
the
Protection
and
the
Assistance
of
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
who
resolved
to
make
use
of
them
to
revenge
himself
of
these
Infractors
of
the
Peace
,
which
had
been
mutually
sworn
between
him
and
the
Christians
,
instantly
threw
themselves
all
over
Palestine
with
a
fearful
Number
,
which
covered
all
the
Country
like
some
mighty
Inundation
,
which
being
formed
of
a
thousand
Torrents
,
precipitates
it self
from
the
Mountains
,
and
overflows
all
the
Banks
with
a
furious
Tempest
.
They
did
in
consequence
commit
the
most
horrible
mischiefs
,
plundring
,
sacking
,
burning
,
murdering
,
and
ruining
all
before
them
,
without
resistance
in
this
Surprize
;
and
after
having
taken
and
cut
in
pieces
six
thousand
Christians
,
who
upon
the
noise
of
their
approach
had
fled
into
Jerusalem
,
they
attacked
,
and
without
difficulty
forced
the
pitiful
Retrenchments
,
which
had
been
there
thrown
up
in
hast
,
and
entring
with
the
Sword
,
they
slew
all
they
met
,
cutting
the
Throats
of
such
as
had
taken
Sanctuary
there
,
even
upon
the
Altar
of
the
Church
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
,
which
till
then
had
been
reverenced
by
the
Sarasins
themselves
;
and
by
a
thousand
execrable
abominations
profaning
all
the
Sacred
Places
about
the
City
;
and
in
short
,
they
did
what
ever
Cruelty
,
Avarice
,
Luxury
,
Impiety
,
Rage
and
Fury
,
and
all
the
most
brutish
Passions
could
inspire
the
most
brutish
and
unnatural
of
all
mankind
withal
.
At
last
,
all
the
Forces
of
the
Christians
in
the
Countrey
being
joyned
with
those
of
the
three
Great
Masters
of
the
Military
Orders
,
and
the
Succors
of
the
Sultans
,
their
Allies
,
they
came
to
a
Battle
near
Gaza
,
where
the
Corasmins
had
joyned
the
Troops
of
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
.
The
Battle
lasted
two
dayes
,
the
seventeenth
and
eighteenth
of
October
,
wherein
the
Christians
fought
with
more
Courage
,
but
also
with
greater
misfortune
than
ever
they
had
done
in
all
their
former
Battles
.
year
1244
The
whole
Army
,
was
divided
into
three
Bodies
.
Gantier
the
third
,
Count
de
Brienne
,
and
Jaffa
,
Nephew
to
King
John
,
and
the
Son
of
that
Count
Gautier
,
who
died
in
the
Conquests
of
the
Realm
of
Naples
,
commanded
the
Left
Hand
Body
,
with
the
Knights
of
the
Hospital
.
The
Sultan
of
Chamella
or
Emessa
,
who
conducted
the
Confederate
Sarasins
,
had
the
Right
,
And
the
Patriarch
,
accompanied
with
the
other
Knights
and
Barons
was
in
the
main
Battle
.
He
had
sometime
before
excommunicated
the
Count
,
upon
his
refusing
to
give
him
a
Tower
in
the
Castle
of
Jaffa
,
to
which
he
pretended
,
it
being
called
the
Patriarch's
Tower
.
This
Prince
,
who
was
a
very
good
Christian
,
and
unwilling
to
have
any
thing
lie
upon
his
Conscience
,
which
might
hinder
him
from
courageously
exposing
himself
to
death
,
demanded
absolution
of
him
two
several
times
before
they
came
to
charge
.
And
as
this
Prelate
without
doubt
criminally
rigorous
,
and
too
severe
in
an
occasion
of
this
nature
,
persisted
obstinately
in
his
refusal
to
give
it
him
.
The
Bishop
of
Rama
,
a
man
of
great
Courage
,
and
who
made
use
of
the
Sword
in
this
War
against
the
Insidels
,
as
well
as
of
the
Cross
in
his
Church
,
unable
to
indure
that
by
this
accident
so
much
leisure
was
given
to
the
Enemies
to
range
their
Troops
,
cried
out
aloud
,
My
Lord
,
Let
not
this
Scruple
trouble
you
any
longer
,
Let
us
charge
.
The
Patriarch
is
in
the
Fault
,
and
therefore
I
absolve
you
in
the
name
of
the
Father
the
Son
and
the
Holy
Ghost
.
And
thereupon
the
Count
,
who
took
it
for
a
sufficient
absolution
went
to
the
Charge
with
his
Lance
couched
,
and
being
followed
by
his
Valiant
Bishop
,
he
threw
himself
into
the
thickest
Battalions
and
Squadrons
of
the
Enemies
,
in
the
place
where
he
observed
the
Prince
of
the
Corasmins
invironed
with
all
the
most
brave
of
his
Army
.
The
Sultan
of
Emessa
also
on
his
side
did
very
Nobly
,
but
he
was
not
followed
by
above
two
thousand
of
his
Sarasins
,
the
others
flying
upon
the
first
Charge
.
Nevertheless
,
the
Christians
,
though
abandoned
by
these
Cowards
,
yet
never
fought
more
bravely
,
being
resolved
rather
to
perish
in
the
Field
of
Battle
than
ever
to
quit
it
.
So
that
after
having
always
maintained
their
ground
without
ever
recoiling
one
step
in
two
days
from
Morning
until
night
:
at
last
oppressed
by
the
Multitude
of
their
Enemies
,
who
were
not
only
stout
men
,
but
also
infinitely
surpassed
them
in
number
,
and
of
whom
notwithstandhing
they
made
a
horrible
Carnage
,
they
were
almost
all
either
slain
upon
the
place
,
or
taken
Prisoners
.
So
great
was
this
defeat
,
that
there
escaped
with
the
Patriarch
,
Robert
,
and
some
of
the
Bishops
and
Abbots
,
not
above
three
and
thirty
Knights
of
the
Temple
,
six
and
twenty
Hospitallers
,
and
three
of
the
Teutonick
Knights
,
the
Constable
,
Count
Philip
de
Montfort
,
Prince
of
Tyre
,
Nephew
to
the
Illustrious
Count
Simon
,
and
some
hundreds
of
Soldiers
,
who
retired
to
Ascalon
,
from
whence
they
came
to
Ptolemais
,
were
all
was
in
the
utmost
Consternation
for
this
dreadful
loss
.
The
great
Masters
of
the
Temple
and
the
Teutonick
Order
,
were
slain
upon
the
place
,
and
the
Master
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
,
was
taken
Prisoner
and
carried
in
Irons
into
Egypt
;
as
was
also
the
brave
Gautier
de
Brienne
,
who
after
he
was
taken
did
an
Action
,
which
made
him
triumph
even
in
his
Captivity
over
all
the
Forces
of
his
Conqueror
,
and
which
doubtless
deserves
to
be
recorded
to
his
immortal
glory
.
For
the
Prince
of
the
Corasmins
,
who
thought
to
make
advantage
of
his
being
taken
,
to
gain
the
City
and
Castle
of
Jaffa
,
caused
the
Valiant
Count
,
to
be
bound
under
his
Arms
to
a
Cross
,
which
he
had
erected
before
the
Gate
of
the
Castle
,
telling
the
Soldiers
of
the
Garrison
,
who
from
the
walls
beheld
this
woful
Spectacle
,
that
he
would
in
the
most
cruel
manner
put
the
Count
to
death
,
except
they
presently
ransomed
his
life
by
the
surrender
of
the
place
.
But
this
invincible
Hero
,
making
a
Sacrifice
of
his
life
to
Jesus
Christ
,
to
save
that
little
remainder
of
his
Inheritance
in
the
Holy
Land
,
cried
to
his
Soldiers
as
loud
as
ever
he
could
from
his
Cross
,
that
they
should
take
no
care
for
him
,
but
leaving
him
to
the
rage
of
these
Dogs
,
to
whom
he
should
be
obliged
for
the
Crown
of
Martyrdom
,
that
they
should
courageously
defend
the
place
with
which
he
had
intrusted
them
not
only
for
himself
,
but
to
preserve
it
for
Jesus
Christ
,
for
whose
only
sake
they
had
come
into
Palestine
.
So
that
the
Barbarian
losing
all
hope
of
gaining
the
place
by
this
cruel
Artifice
,
and
not
daring
to
attack
it
by
main
Force
,
he
would
not
also
lose
the
opportutunity
,
which
he
had
of
making
an
agreable
Present
to
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
year
1244
to
whom
he
sent
the
brave
Count
with
the
other
Prisoners
:
and
in
a
few
days
after
the
Sarasins
of
Grand
Caire
,
who
esteemed
him
their
greatest
and
most
terrible
Enemy
,
having
demanded
him
of
the
Sultan
,
who
durst
not
deny
them
,
they
fell
upon
him
with
the
Fury
of
cruel
Wolves
or
inraged
Dogs
,
and
after
having
made
him
suffer
an
Infinite
number
of
horrible
Torments
,
they
tore
him
in
a
thousand
pieces
,
acquiring
for
him
a
thousand
Palms
,
and
a
thousand
Crowns
of
Martyrdom
,
for
one
which
he
had
wished
,
and
which
he
believed
he
should
have
obtained
upon
his
Cross
before
Jaffa
.
Some
years
after
St.
Lewis
,
who
had
the
Memory
of
this
great
man
in
singular
Veneration
having
recovered
his
Bones
,
which
the
Admirals
of
Egypt
caused
to
be
restored
to
him
,
he
rendred
to
him
at
Acre
,
all
the
Funeral
Honours
which
were
due
untohim
,
who
had
so
gloriously
given
his
Life
to
the
Honour
of
Jesus
Christ
.
As
for
the
Corasmins
,
who
had
exercised
so
much
cruelty
upon
the
Christians
,
and
had
committed
so
many
horrible
Sacrileges
in
the
holy
places
,
they
afterwards
fell
out
among
themselves
,
and
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
having
drawn
from
them
all
the
Service
,
which
he
expected
,
he
drove
them
out
of
his
Dominions
,
so
that
they
all
miserably
perished
by
the
hands
of
the
Sarasins
themselves
,
who
united
all
against
them
for
their
destruction
,
having
a
horror
for
them
as
the
most
wicked
and
most
execrable
of
all
Mankind
.
Mean
time
the
news
of
the
lamentable
desolation
of
Jerusalem
,
and
the
defeat
of
the
Christian
Army
,
and
of
the
dangerwherein
those
few
,
which
remained
,
were
to
be
presently
besieged
by
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
being
brought
to
the
Pope
,
made
him
resolve
to
make
his
last
Efforts
,
to
procure
Succours
for
them
from
a
General
Council
,
which
he
had
convoked
.
For
this
Pope
,
fearing
to
fall
into
the
hands
of
Frederick
,
had
saved
himself
by
Sea
at
Genoa
,
his
Native
Country
,
and
from
thence
he
went
by
land
by
Montferrat
and
Savoy
to
Lyons
,
where
he
put
himself
under
the
Protection
of
the
King
of
France
;
resolving
to
follow
the
design
of
his
Predecessor
,
year
1244
to
redress
the
Evils
of
the
Church
by
a
General
Council
;
for
the
calling
whereof
he
sent
his
Circular
Letters
throughout
all
Europe
.
It
was
held
at
Lyons
the
year
following
,
and
was
opened
upon
the
Eve
of
the
Feast
of
St.
Peter
and
St.
Paul
the
Apostles
.
It
was
at
this
Council
that
the
Cardinals
received
from
Innocent
the
Red-Hat
for
a
distinction
of
their
Dignity
,
and
the
Obligation
which
they
had
to
loose
even
their
Lives
for
the
cause
of
God
and
of
his
Church
,
especially
in
this
Persecution
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
.
The
Patriarchs
of
Constantinople
and
Antioch
,
as
also
those
of
Aquilea
and
Venice
,
assisted
at
this
Council
,
together
with
one
hundred
and
fourty
Arch-Bishops
and
Bishops
of
France
,
Italy
,
Spain
,
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
,
the
Deputies
of
many
other
places
,
the
Abbots
of
Cluni
,
the
Cistercians
and
Claraval
,
the
General
of
the
order
of
St.
Dominick
,
and
the
Vicar
of
that
of
St.
Francis
,
as
also
a
great
number
of
other
Abbots
and
Priors
of
the
same
Kingdoms
.
There
came
scarcely
any
at
all
from
Germany
,
for
fear
of
offending
the
Emperor
,
nor
from
Hungary
,
by
reason
of
the
irruption
,
which
the
Tartars
had
made
at
that
time
into
those
Countries
.
Baldwin
,
the
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
who
came
to
desire
assistance
from
the
Pope
was
there
also
together
with
Raymond
,
Count
of
Tholose
,
Raymond
,
Berenger
,
Count
de
Provence
,
and
the
Ambassadors
of
the
Emperor
,
the
Kings
of
England
,
France
,
and
the
other
Christian
Princes
.
Affairs
of
the
greatest
moment
certainly
passed
with
wonderful
Expedition
,
in
those
times
in
Comparison
of
what
they
do
in
our
days
.
For
this
great
Council
,
wherein
matters
of
the
Greatest
Importance
were
treated
of
,
the
smallest
of
which
would
now
take
up
much
a
longer
time
,
and
would
be
discussed
and
debated
with
extraordinary
difficulty
,
was
finished
in
three
Sessions
.
In
the
first
of
them
the
Pope
being
seated
upon
a
Throne
,
which
was
raised
in
the
great
Church
at
Lyons
,
having
at
his
Right
hand
the
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
and
upon
his
Left
the
other
Princes
,
he
made
a
most
Pathetick
Discourse
,
in
which
comparing
his
pains
and
Grief
to
those
of
Jesus
Christ
upon
the
Cross
,
he
said
that
the
Church
had
received
five
great
Wounds
,
from
which
it
was
impossible
but
he
must
be
extremely
sensible
of
her
pain
.
The
first
,
was
the
abuses
and
disorders
,
which
were
so
frequent
among
the
Ecclesiasticks
.
The
Second
,
was
by
the
Insolence
and
the
Tyranny
of
the
Sarasins
,
year
1245
who
had
prophaned
the
Sacred
places
,
and
laid
wast
the
Holy
City
,
and
were
upon
the
point
of
taking
all
that
remained
in
Palestine
from
the
Christians
.
The
third
Wound
was
that
which
was
given
by
the
Schism
of
the
Greeks
,
whose
power
,
though
it
had
been
brought
down
,
yet
now
began
to
rise
again
and
even
to
threaten
Constantinople
,
which
was
reduced
to
the
last
Extremities
.
The
fourth
was
by
the
furious
irruption
of
the
Tartars
,
into
Hungary
,
even
to
the
very
consines
of
Germany
,
where
they
filled
all
with
Blood
,
Slaughter
and
Ruin
.
The
Fifth
was
by
the
terrible
Persecution
of
Frederick
,
who
exposed
the
Church
to
all
those
Sufferings
,
for
which
Pope
Gregory
had
cut
him
off
from
the
Body
of
the
Church
,
in
which
he
not
only
persisted
,
but
daily
augmented
his
former
guilt
by
new
and
greater
Crimes
.
After
which
,
the
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
,
and
Valeran
,
Bishop
of
Berylus
,
who
was
sent
by
the
Patriarch
of
Jerusalem
to
implore
the
Succour
of
the
Christians
of
the
West
,
gave
a
Relation
of
the
deplorable
condition
,
wherein
the
Affairs
of
the
Latins
were
in
Greece
and
Palestine
;
And
then
Thadeus
de
Sessa
,
the
Judge
of
the
Imperial
Palace
,
and
the
Emperors
Ambassador
,
rose
up
and
spoke
to
the
Council
in
the
name
of
his
Master
.
At
first
,
that
he
might
gain
the
Favour
of
the
Assembly
,
he
repeated
in
general
,
and
few
words
,
what
the
Pope
had
said
concerning
the
Sarasins
,
Greeks
,
Tartars
,
and
the
Emperor
,
and
protested
,
that
Frederick
,
whose
Power
by
reason
of
so
many
Victories
,
as
he
had
gained
against
his
Enemies
,
was
greater
than
ever
it
had
been
before
,
offered
himself
withal
his
heart
to
employ
all
that
he
had
,
his
Fortunes
and
his
Arms
,
to
reduce
the
Greeks
to
reason
,
and
to
repulse
the
Tartars
,
and
that
he
was
ready
to
go
himself
in
person
,
and
at
his
own
charges
,
into
Palestine
,
to
drive
out
the
Corasmins
,
and
there
to
reestablish
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
,
which
were
in
such
ill
terms
;
and
that
in
the
mean
time
he
promised
to
restore
to
the
Church
whatsoever
should
be
found
that
he
had
taken
from
it
,
and
to
make
all
the
satisfaction
that
could
be
expected
,
if
in
any
thing
he
had
offended
.
To
this
the
Pope
,
not
doubting
but
all
this
was
said
,
as
an
Artifice
to
surprize
and
amuse
the
Council
,
only
answered
,
that
they
were
not
met
there
to
talk
of
new
promises
,
but
to
see
that
he
performed
those
,
which
he
had
already
made
upon
his
Oath
,
which
he
had
so
often
eluded
.
And
then
,
added
he
,
after
having
so
often
deceived
us
,
what
Caution
will
he
give
to
Warrant
,
that
which
he
promiseth
?
The
Kings
of
France
and
England
,
boldly
and
without
delay
answered
Thadeus
,
ought
not
they
to
be
accepted
?
By
no
means
,
replyed
the
Pope
,
because
if
he
should
again
fail
in
his
promises
,
as
thereis
reason
enough
to
believe
that
he
will
,
we
shall
be
obliged
to
take
our
remedy
against
these
two
Kings
.
So
that
the
Church
for
one
Enemy
,
which
she
hath
now
upon
her
hands
,
shall
then
have
three
,
which
are
the
three
most
puissant
Princes
in
all
Europe
.
Then
Thadeus
continuing
his
discourse
to
come
to
the
point
,
which
was
in
question
,
and
upon
which
he
was
defired
to
insist
,
he
endeavoured
to
answer
precisely
to
all
the
Crimes
,
which
the
Pope
had
objected
against
Frederick
.
And
being
very
dexterous
and
wonderful
Eloquent
,
he
spoke
with
so
much
Art
,
and
gave
so
soft
and
plausible
a
turn
to
his
defence
,
that
there
were
very
many
in
the
Assembly
,
who
appeared
highly
satisfied
.
But
Innocent
,
who
was
a
very
able
man
,
and
who
was
perfectly
well
acquainted
with
all
the
Circumstances
of
this
Affair
,
replied
instantly
to
all
that
the
Emperors
Ambassadour
had
said
in
defence
of
his
Master
,
and
answered
to
every
particular
,
with
as
much
exactness
and
Strength
,
as
if
he
had
been
a
long
time
before
prepared
,
by
seeing
what
Thadeus
would
say
upon
this
Subject
.
And
this
was
what
was
done
in
this
first
Session
.
In
the
Second
,
which
was
held
eight
days
after
,
upon
Tuesday
the
fifth
of
July
,
diverse
Bishops
,
especially
the
Spaniards
,
who
were
come
in
greater
numbers
to
the
Council
than
any
other
Nation
,
tendered
an
accusation
consisting
in
many
Articles
against
the
Emperor
,
urging
the
Pope
to
condemn
him
,
especially
upon
this
whereon
they
insisted
principally
,
That
it
was
the
intention
of
that
Prince
,
as
appeared
by
his
own
Letters
,
to
dispoil
the
Ecclesiasticks
of
all
their
Estates
,
and
to
reduce
them
to
the
same
condition
that
they
were
in
,
during
the
times
of
the
primitive
Persecution
.
The
Ambassadour
on
the
other
side
endeavoured
to
satisfie
the
Council
in
every
particular
of
the
Charge
.
year
1245
But
perceiving
that
the
greatest
part
of
his
Judges
,
were
not
like
to
be
favourable
to
him
,
he
desired
,
that
at
least
it
might
be
deferred
for
some
days
till
the
third
Session
,
to
the
end
,
that
the
Emperor
,
who
he
assured
them
was
upon
his
way
to
come
to
the
Council
,
might
have
time
according
to
his
desire
,
to
make
his
appearance
.
To
this
,
the
Pope
willingly
consented
,
as
believing
that
if
that
Prince
were
present
,
all
differences
would
easily
be
adjusted
.
And
although
many
,
who
desired
that
this
Affair
should
be
quickly
determined
,
opposed
it
,
he
gave
twelve
days
respit
,
in
which
they
laboured
in
the
private
meetings
to
regulate
all
the
other
matters
,
that
were
under
debate
.
At
last
the
term
being
expired
,
and
that
the
Emperor
,
who
would
by
no
means
acknowledge
the
Council
to
be
the
Judge
of
his
differences
with
the
Pope
,
did
not
appear
,
the
third
Session
was
held
upon
the
Monday
,
being
the
seventeenth
day
of
July
,
where
the
seventeen
Decrees
,
which
were
made
for
the
reformation
of
manners
and
discipline
,
were
approved
,
as
also
those
,
for
finding
out
the
ways
to
succour
the
Empire
of
Constantinople
,
and
to
oppose
the
irruption
of
the
Tartars
,
and
for
the
Publication
of
a
Crusade
,
against
the
Sarasins
,
who
possessed
the
Holy
Land
.
That
which
was
decreed
upon
this
Article
was
,
That
the
Crusade
should
be
preached
in
all
places
;
That
those
,
who
had
already
taken
upon
them
the
Cross
,
and
had
not
accomplished
their
Vow
,
should
be
constrained
by
the
Prelates
to
take
it
up
,
upon
pain
of
Excommunication
;
That
the
Ancient
Crusades
,
and
those
who
should
take
it
up
anew
,
should
at
a
certain
time
and
place
to
be
appointed
,
repair
to
the
Pope
to
receive
his
Benediction
;
That
there
should
be
either
a
Peace
or
a
Truce
for
four
years
,
among
all
the
Christian
Princes
;
That
during
all
that
time
,
there
should
be
no
publick
Turnaments
or
Tiltings
held
;
That
the
Lords
of
the
Crusade
should
retrench
all
manner
of
Superfluity
,
and
Vain
Magnificence
in
their
train
,
their
Equipage
,
their
habits
,
and
their
Tables
;
That
the
Bishops
should
take
great
care
to
exhort
their
People
,
and
especially
such
upon
whom
they
imposed
any
Pennance
for
their
Crimes
,
to
contribute
some
part
of
their
Goods
to
the
Holy
War
;
and
that
they
should
keep
an
exact
Register
of
what
was
thus
collected
;
That
all
the
Ecclesiasticks
should
be
obliged
to
pay
for
this
War
the
twentieth
part
of
their
Revenue
for
three
years
,
those
only
excepted
,
who
took
up
the
Cross
themselves
;
and
that
the
Pope
and
the
Cardinals
should
pay
the
tenth
to
give
an
example
to
others
,
who
might
be
ashamed
not
to
follow
them
.
And
in
short
,
all
the
Privileges
granted
by
the
Councils
,
and
by
the
Popes
in
Favour
of
the
Crusades
were
confirmed
,
and
all
those
Punishments
denounced
by
the
Bullas
and
the
Canons
against
such
as
enterprised
any
thing
against
the
Persons
or
Estates
of
the
Crusades
,
or
against
such
as
favoured
the
Pyrates
,
or
carried
Arms
to
the
Infidels
,
were
also
ratified
.
And
for
the
obtaining
the
aid
of
God
Almighty
,
it
was
ordered
that
Prayers
should
be
made
in
all
Churches
in
the
Octaves
of
the
Nativity
of
our
Blessed
Lady
.
After
this
the
Cause
of
the
Emperor
,
who
had
refused
to
appear
,
was
taken
into
consideration
;
And
as
his
Ambassador
Thadeus
,
perceived
that
the
Sentence
,
which
was
already
prepared
,
was
going
to
be
pronounced
by
the
Pope
,
he
protested
aloud
against
it
,
to
stop
it
from
proceding
any
further
,
crying
,
That
he
appealed
to
a
general
Councel
.
To
which
the
Pope
replyed
with
great
Moderation
,
That
this
was
one
that
all
the
Prelates
and
Princes
had
been
called
to
;
and
that
if
the
Bishops
of
Germany
,
and
some
others
were
not
present
,
it
was
the
Fault
of
his
Master
,
who
had
hindred
them
from
coming
.
On
the
other
part
,
Hugh
Bigod
,
William
de
Chanteloup
,
and
Philip
Basset
,
the
Ambassadours
of
England
,
who
favoured
Frederick
,
the
Brother-in-Law
of
their
King
,
whose
Sister
he
had
married
,
to
gain
time
presented
to
the
Pope
Letters
in
the
Name
of
the
whole
English
Nation
,
which
contained
two
very
nice
points
,
wherein
they
demanded
to
have
Justice
done
them
;
and
which
doubtless
would
take
up
a
great
deal
of
time
.
The
first
was
upon
what
the
late
King
John
had
done
,
who
in
despight
and
contrary
to
all
right
,
as
well
as
against
the
Inclination
of
all
his
People
,
had
,
they
said
,
made
a
Donation
of
England
and
Ireland
,
to
the
Pope
,
to
have
the
Crown
for
the
future
held
of
the
Holy
See
;
which
they
protested
was
wholly
null
and
void
,
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
having
in
the
name
of
the
whole
Body
of
the
Realm
opposed
it
.
The
Second
was
a
complaint
to
the
Pope
that
his
Legates
,
Nuncio's
and
other
Ministers
,
year
1245
whom
he
sent
into
England
,
besides
the
levying
of
the
Peter-Pence
,
made
there
under
a
thousand
Pretexts
such
insupportable
Exactions
upon
the
People
,
as
they
were
resolved
no
longer
to
suffer
.
To
this
,
Innocent
,
who
easily
discovered
the
Artifice
,
answered
coldly
,
That
the
Council
being
not
assembled
for
those
matters
,
the
discussion
of
them
must
be
deferred
till
some
other
time
,
wherein
they
might
be
debated
more
fully
and
with
more
leisure
.
And
then
,
after
having
acquainted
the
Assembly
with
how
much
respect
,
Honour
,
and
all
the
Testimonies
of
a
sincere
affection
,
he
had
treated
the
Emperor
Frederick
,
both
before
and
since
his
Pontificate
,
and
acquainted
them
how
many
times
,
he
had
ineffectually
endeavoured
to
reduce
him
to
his
Duty
by
mild
and
gentle
methods
,
he
first
pronounced
the
Sentence
against
him
viva
voce
,
and
afterwards
caused
it
to
be
read
,
by
which
,
He
declared
him
excommunicate
;
deprived
him
of
the
Empire
and
all
his
Realms
,
and
of
all
manner
of
Honours
,
preheminences
and
Dignities
,
for
all
those
Crimes
,
which
are
therein
at
large
expressed
,
absolving
all
his
Subjects
from
the
Oaths
of
Allegiance
,
which
they
had
taken
to
him
;
and
expresly
prohibiting
all
manner
of
persons
under
pain
of
Excommunication
,
to
acknowledge
him
either
as
Emperor
,
or
as
King
,
or
in
that
quality
to
give
him
either
Counsel
or
Aid
:
And
at
the
same
time
the
Bishops
,
who
held
the
Tapers
lighted
in
their
hands
,
approved
and
confirmed
the
Sentence
,
and
in
extinguishing
them
,
pronounced
the
Anathema
against
him
.
After
which
,
the
Pope
rising
from
his
Throne
,
began
the
Te
Deum
,
with
which
Hymn
this
famous
Council
was
concluded
;
in
which
,
there
was
neither
Decree
,
nor
Canon
made
concerning
matters
of
Faith
,
though
there
were
many
Heresies
in
those
times
,
there
being
nothing
made
,
but
certain
Regulations
for
the
Discipline
of
the
Church
;
and
after
the
Judgment
,
which
was
given
against
Frederick
,
the
Pope
decided
nothing
,
but
a
Politick
and
tender
Affair
of
State
,
in
which
all
Sovereigns
seemed
to
have
a
great
Interest
.
For
upon
occasion
of
this
Council
,
the
Estates
of
Portugal
being
disatisfied
with
their
King
Dom
Sanches
,
whom
in
by
reason
of
the
weakness
of
his
Mind
,
they
believed
unfit
and
unable
to
govern
,
they
sent
to
Lyons
the
Archbishop
of
Braganza
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Conimbra
,
to
request
from
the
Pope
,
that
he
would
permit
them
to
place
upon
the
Throne
his
Brother
,
Prince
Alphonso
,
who
was
his
presumptive
Heir
,
and
who
possessed
all
the
admirable
Qualities
,
which
could
be
desired
in
a
King
.
Innocent
,
who
understood
that
an
action
of
this
nature
might
produce
very
dangerous
Consequences
,
would
by
no
means
consent
to
what
they
desired
;
yet
nevertheless
he
was
willing
,
that
Alphonso
should
govern
in
the
room
of
the
King
,
to
whom
he
ordered
,
that
they
should
give
a
sufficient
allowance
for
the
support
of
his
Royal
Dignity
,
in
what
ever
place
he
should
chuse
for
his
retreat
.
But
the
most
of
the
Governours
of
places
would
not
at
all
consent
to
this
Change
,
which
they
did
not
believe
to
appertain
to
the
spiritual
Jurisdiction
,
to
which
the
Popes
in
Virtue
of
their
Authority
derived
from
Jesus
Christ
,
either
ought
to
pretend
,
or
had
any
Right
to
determine
.
And
consequently
they
refused
absolutely
to
receive
Alphonso
,
contrary
to
the
Oath
,
which
they
had
taken
to
the
King
.
And
the
Action
,
which
was
done
upon
this
occasion
by
the
generous
Martin
Flecho
,
Governour
of
the
Castle
of
Conimbra
,
deserves
the
commendation
of
all
Posterity
.
This
brave
man
having
maintained
the
Siege
against
Alphonso
with
so
much
constancy
,
that
having
spent
all
their
Provisions
,
he
and
the
Soldiers
were
reduced
to
feed
upon
Hides
and
the
Coverings
of
Trunks
;
at
length
a
Message
was
sent
to
him
,
that
now
he
might
surrender
the
place
and
yet
save
his
Honour
,
by
reason
that
Dom
Sanches
,
the
King
was
dead
at
Toledo
without
Issue
;
he
desired
a
Truce
for
so
many
days
as
was
necessary
for
him
to
go
thither
and
return
back
again
;
which
being
granted
,
he
took
Post
and
so
soon
as
he
came
thither
,
he
caused
the
Tomb
of
the
King
,
his
Master
,
to
be
opened
in
the
Presence
of
a
Publick
Notary
and
Witnesses
,
and
seeing
that
he
was
really
dead
he
put
the
Keys
of
the
Castle
,
with
which
that
Prince
had
intrusted
him
,
into
his
hands
,
and
had
it
recorded
;
And
then
returning
within
the
Term
,
which
he
had
demanded
,
he
set
open
the
Gates
to
receive
his
new
King
;
leaving
to
all
Subjects
an
Illustrious
Example
of
that
Inviolable
Fidelity
,
which
they
owe
to
their
Soveraigns
;
and
a
fair
Copy
for
all
Soldiers
,
to
shew
them
in
what
manner
they
ought
to
defend
a
place
they
are
instrusted
with
,
that
so
they
may
answer
the
expectation
,
of
their
King
,
who
hath
done
them
the
Honour
to
commit
it
to
their
keeping
.
year
1245
Mean
time
the
Council
being
thus
ended
with
the
Condemnation
of
Frederick
;
that
Prince
,
who
was
then
at
Turin
,
conceived
at
it
an
extreme
grief
mixed
with
Fury
,
Choler
,
and
Contempt
,
which
he
manifested
by
a
most
surprizing
Action
.
For
causing
his
Crown
to
be
brought
to
him
,
he
put
it
upon
his
Head
,
and
then
addressing
himself
to
those
about
him
.
This
Crown
,
said
he
,
which
you
now
see
upon
my
head
,
is
not
to
be
disposed
of
,
or
lost
by
the
Decrees
of
the
Pope
or
Council
;
there
must
be
other
kind
of
Arms
employed
to
take
it
from
me
,
and
there
will
be
whole
Rivers
of
Blood
let
out
before
that
be
done
.
And
thereupon
he
writ
to
all
the
Kings
and
Princes
of
Christendom
,
large
Letters
,
in
which
he
answered
in
Order
to
every
particular
point
of
the
Sentence
,
shewing
the
nullity
of
it
by
all
the
reasons
,
which
could
be
drawn
either
from
Law
or
Fact
,
and
above
all
he
endeavoured
to
interest
all
Kings
in
his
Cause
,
which
he
said
was
the
Common
Cause
of
all
Soveraigns
.
He
protested
that
he
did
in
this
occasion
,
defend
not
only
his
particular
,
but
all
their
Rights
in
maintaining
as
he
did
,
That
though
those
Crimes
which
were
falsely
objected
against
him
,
and
those
which
might
be
objected
against
any
other
Princes
,
were
undoubtedly
true
,
yet
neither
Popes
,
nor
Councils
had
any
manner
of
Right
to
punish
them
by
depriving
them
of
the
least
part
of
their
Temporal
Rights
,
over
which
Jesus
Christ
had
not
given
them
any
manner
of
Power
,
and
consequently
did
not
in
any
way
appertain
to
them
to
concern
themselves
about
.
Adding
further
,
that
as
he
was
not
the
first
Prince
in
whom
ambitious
and
medling
Popes
had
endeavoured
to
depose
and
dispossess
of
their
Crowns
,
so
he
should
not
be
the
last
,
unless
all
Kings
would
joyn
with
him
to
oppose
an
Usurpation
so
dangerous
and
prejudicial
to
the
Rights
of
all
Crowned
Heads
,
who
for
their
Temporal
Dignities
depended
upon
no
other
except
God
alone
.
He
remonstrated
to
them
,
that
according
to
his
observation
,
the
source
and
Spring
of
all
this
disorder
was
the
overgrown
Temporal
power
of
the
Church
;
and
so
far
was
he
from
retracting
what
he
had
been
accused
for
in
the
Council
to
have
said
,
that
it
was
necessary
to
reduce
the
Ecclesiasticks
to
the
condition
,
wherein
they
were
in
the
Primitive
Church
,
that
he
took
God
to
Witness
that
this
was
his
Intention
,
and
to
begin
with
the
greatest
and
the
richest
;
and
that
this
was
certainly
a
work
of
great
Charity
,
to
take
from
them
those
great
Riches
,
which
were
the
Cause
of
all
their
disorders
,
and
to
reduce
them
to
that
State
of
happy
Poverty
,
which
rendred
their
Predecessors
like
to
the
Apostles
by
doing
of
Miracles
,
and
not
thinking
to
triumph
like
Kings
,
but
by
their
Sanctity
,
and
the
holiness
of
their
Lives
and
Doctrine
,
imitating
and
submitting
themselves
to
Jesus
Christ
.
And
in
short
he
exhorted
all
Princes
to
join
with
him
to
take
from
the
Ecclesiasticks
,
of
what
quality
soever
,
all
that
was
superfluous
,
to
the
end
that
contenting
themselves
with
a
little
,
they
might
have
the
greater
Liberty
to
serve
God
the
better
.
I
must
needs
say
that
there
are
many
things
to
be
answered
to
this
design
of
Frederick
,
and
that
it
is
easie
to
oppose
it
with
many
invincible
reasons
.
But
this
shall
not
hinder
me
here
from
making
one
little
remark
,
which
so
far
as
I
believe
hath
never
been
made
by
any
Person
,
and
which
may
be
of
use
to
such
as
apply
themselves
to
reading
of
History
.
Matthew
Pariso
,
an
English
man
,
and
a
Monk
of
St.
Albans
,
a
rich
Abby
in
England
,
who
writ
in
those
times
,
declares
himself
openly
upon
all
occasions
for
Frederick
,
whom
he
praiseth
rather
with
the
Affectation
of
an
Orator
than
the
Modesty
of
an
Historian
,
and
does
so
eternally
exclaim
against
the
Popes
,
whose
conduct
he
blames
in
a
Manner
,
which
is
displeasing
even
to
those
,
who
are
not
too
favourable
to
the
Holy
See
;
but
in
this
place
he
turns
his
Stile
on
the
suddain
,
and
his
own
Pittance
coming
to
be
touched
in
the
Revenue
of
his
Monastry
,
which
according
to
Frederick's
Design
was
to
be
retrenched
;
he
declames
fearfully
against
this
Emperor
,
saying
,
that
by
his
writing
at
this
rate
he
lost
all
the
Reputation
,
which
he
had
acquired
of
being
a
Wise
and
Prudent
Prince
,
and
rendred
himself
extremely
suspected
of
Heresie
.
This
makes
it
evident
,
that
an
interrested
Writer
,
changeth
his
opinion
,
not
only
according
to
the
Nature
and
Quality
of
the
Persons
,
which
are
changed
,
but
according
to
the
differing
Prospects
,
which
his
Interest
gives
him
,
in
which
he
finds
himself
ingaged
in
what
he
writes
.
year
1245
So
that
in
making
use
of
this
Author
,
who
hath
very
good
things
,
I
have
endeavoured
to
make
a
just
difference
betwixt
what
he
writes
,
as
himself
,
and
those
authentick
Pieces
,
which
he
produceth
,
which
give
great
insight
into
the
true
History
,
such
as
are
the
Relations
sent
by
those
,
who
had
a
share
in
the
Affairs
then
transacted
,
the
Letters
of
the
Popes
and
Princes
,
as
also
those
of
the
Emperor
,
which
contain
,
what
I
have
now
related
,
and
which
the
continuator
of
Baronius
,
hath
inserted
into
his
Annals
,
printed
at
Rome
,
where
the
Reader
may
find
this
and
much
more
to
the
same
purpose
that
I
have
recounted
,
But
Frederick
did
not
satisfie
himself
with
Writings
,
but
pushing
on
his
Sentiments
to
all
things
,
which
his
Vindicative
Nature
,
and
his
Anger
furiously
inflamed
could
transport
him
,
there
was
nothing
which
he
did
not
attempt
,
or
which
he
did
not
put
in
Execution
to
revenge
himself
of
the
Pope
;
persecuting
and
ruining
his
Relations
,
banishing
and
dispoiling
them
of
all
their
Estates
,
as
he
did
all
the
Priests
and
Bishops
,
who
refused
to
celebrate
the
Divine
Offices
in
those
places
where
he
was
;
constraining
all
the
Ecclesiasticks
to
pay
the
third
part
of
their
Revenues
to
maintain
the
War
against
the
Pope
.
Making
use
of
Fire
and
Sword
and
all
those
Violent
Ways
by
himself
and
his
Gibelins
against
all
those
,
who
were
of
the
Pope's
Party
.
So
that
the
Pope
was
obliged
in
his
own
defence
against
such
a
Potent
Enemy
to
cause
a
Crusade
to
be
preached
by
his
Cordeliers
against
him
and
his
Sons
,
who
on
their
side
acted
with
as
much
Violence
and
Ardour
as
their
Father
.
Thus
the
Succours
designed
for
Constaminople
,
against
Vatacus
,
the
Greek
Emperor
,
and
those
for
Hungary
against
the
Tartars
,
were
frustrated
,
and
the
Troubles
of
Germany
and
Italy
,
which
insued
upon
the
Condemnation
of
Frederick
and
the
Crusade
which
was
published
against
that
Prince
,
were
so
many
diversions
,
which
weakned
the
Principal
Crusade
in
such
a
manner
,
that
notwithstanding
that
,
it
was
resolved
in
the
Council
against
the
Sarasins
.
Of
all
the
Kings
of
Europe
,
there
was
none
,
except
St.
Lewis
,
who
with
the
French
only
undertook
the
Holy
War
,
he
having
taken
upon
him
the
Cross
,
even
before
the
Council
of
Lyons
.
For
as
in
the
Year
before
,
after
his
return
from
the
War
of
Poitu
,
where
he
had
so
gloriously
vanquished
the
Earl
of
Marche
,
and
the
English
,
at
the
Battle
of
Tailebourg
,
he
fell
sick
in
the
Month
of
December
,
and
by
the
Violence
of
the
Distemper
,
he
was
reduced
to
that
Extremity
,
that
he
was
believed
to
be
dead
,
remaining
without
pulse
and
without
Sense
for
one
whole
day
;
insomuch
that
they
were
consulting
of
his
Funerals
,
when
suddainly
comming
,
as
it
were
,
out
of
an
Ecstasie
,
and
blessing
God
,
who
had
drawn
him
from
the
Gates
of
Death
;
and
looking
upon
the
Standers
by
,
he
made
choice
among
all
the
Bishops
,
who
where
assembled
in
his
Chamber
,
of
the
Bishop
of
Paris
,
who
was
at
that
time
the
famous
William
d'
Avergne
,
whom
his
learned
Writings
,
and
the
eminent
Sanctity
of
his
life
have
rendred
so
much
celebrated
.
He
presently
called
him
to
him
and
desired
him
to
fasten
a
Cross
to
his
Right
Shoulder
,
as
a
mark
of
the
immoveable
Resolution
,
which
he
had
taken
after
the
example
,
of
his
Grandfather
,
Philip
the
August
,
and
his
great
Grandfather
,
Lewis
the
young
,
to
undertake
the
Holy
War
,
for
the
deliverance
of
the
Sepulchre
of
Jesus
Christ
:
and
he
spoke
to
him
in
a
manner
so
resolute
,
either
because
in
that
Extremity
wherein
he
was
,
he
had
made
a
Vow
to
take
upon
him
the
Cross
if
it
should
please
God
to
deliver
him
,
or
else
as
an
ancient
Writer
assures
us
,
that
during
this
long
Swoon
,
which
Nanges
calls
an
Ecstasy
,
he
had
a
Vision
in
which
he
thought
he
saw
the
Christian
Army
vanquish
by
the
Sarasins
,
as
it
was
before
Gaza
,
and
heard
a
Voice
from
Heaven
,
which
said
to
him
,
King
of
France
,
Go
and
revenge
this
irreparable
Loss
.
Let
it
be
how
it
will
,
it
is
certain
,
that
notwithstanding
the
Prayers
and
the
Tears
of
the
two
Queens
,
his
Mother
and
his
Wife
,
who
conjured
him
upon
their
Knees
to
deferr
the
taking
of
such
a
Resolution
till
he
was
in
a
better
condition
,
he
protested
that
he
would
neither
take
any
nourishment
,
nor
Medicin
,
till
such
time
as
he
had
received
the
Cross
.
Insomuch
that
in
conclusion
the
Bishop
of
Paris
,
all
in
Tears
,
fastned
the
Cross
upon
him
,
whilest
the
Queens
,
the
Princes
,
his
Bothers
,
and
all
those
who
were
present
began
afresh
to
weep
as
if
he
had
again
been
at
the
point
of
death
;
but
he
on
the
contrary
with
a
pleasant
Countenance
and
a
perfect
assurance
,
notwithstanding
his
extreme
weakness
,
year
1245
protested
,
that
God
would
restore
him
to
his
health
for
the
accomplishment
of
his
Vow
.
And
in
short
,
in
a
little
time
he
recovered
,
and
whilest
he
staid
till
the
condition
of
his
Affairs
would
permit
him
to
pass
the
Sea
with
a
powerful
Army
,
he
continually
sent
great
Succours
of
men
and
money
into
Palestine
,
with
many
Knights
of
the
Temple
and
Hospital
to
encourage
the
Christians
of
Syria
,
to
defend
themselves
vigourously
against
the
Forces
of
Egypt
in
Expectation
of
his
comming
in
person
to
their
assistance
.
Hereupon
Pope
Innocent
in
Execution
of
the
Decree
of
the
Council
of
Lyons
,
touching
the
Crusades
,
sent
Cardinal
Eudes
of
Castle
-
Roax
,
Bishop
of
Tusculum
,
his
Legate
,
into
France
,
to
publish
it
in
that
Realm
.
The
King
received
him
at
Paris
,
with
all
kind
of
magnificence
,
and
to
give
the
greater
weight
to
the
Publication
of
the
Crusade
,
he
called
to
meet
in
the
Month
of
October
,
in
the
Octaves
of
St.
Dennis
,
a
great
assembly
of
the
Princes
,
Prelates
,
and
Barons
,
where
he
spoke
so
powerfully
to
animate
them
to
the
Holy
War
,
taking
upon
him
the
Office
of
a
Preacher
after
the
Legate
,
that
the
greatest
part
of
the
Assembly
following
his
example
,
took
upon
them
the
Cross
.
The
most
Illustrious
and
signal
among
them
were
the
three
Princes
,
the
Brothers
of
the
King
,
Alphonsus
,
Count
de
Poitiers
,
Robert
,
Count
d'
Artois
,
and
Charles
,
Count
d'
Anjou
.
The
Princesses
,
their
Ladies
,
imitating
the
example
of
the
Queen
,
who
resolved
to
go
along
with
the
King
,
also
took
upon
them
the
Cross
.
So
much
Piety
and
Courage
,
so
much
love
had
they
for
these
three
brave
Princes
,
their
Husbands
,
that
they
would
also
pertake
with
them
,
the
pains
and
the
dangers
of
this
War
,
leaving
to
them
all
the
Glory
,
to
which
their
Sex
would
not
permit
them
to
pretend
.
Also
Hugh
,
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
Peter
,
Duke
of
Bretany
,
William
,
Earl
of
Flanders
,
Hugh
de
Chastillon
,
Count
de
St.
Paul
,
and
Gautier
de
Chastillon
,
his
Nephew
,
Hugh
de
Lusignan
,
Earl
of
March
,
and
his
Son
Hugh
the
Brown
,
followed
them
,
together
with
the
Counts
de
Dreux
,
de
Bar
,
de
Soissons
,
de
Blois
,
de
Retel
,
de
Montfort
,
and
de
Vendosme
.
The
Lords
,
John
de
Beajeu
,
Constable
of
France
,
John
de
Beaumont
,
Admiral
,
and
great
Chamberlain
of
France
,
Philip
de
Courtenay
,
Guion
de
Flanders
,
Archambald
de
Bourbon
the
Younger
,
Raoul
de
Couci
,
John
de
Barres
,
Gaubert
,
and
John
de
Apremont
,
Giles
de
Mailli
,
Robert
de
Bethune
of
Arras
,
Oliver
de
Termes
,
and
Simon
,
Count
de
Sarbruc
,
and
Lord
de
Comerci
,
Companion
in
Arms
with
the
famous
Seneschal
de
Champagne
,
John
Sire
de
Joinville
,
so
celebrated
for
the
gallant
Actions
,
which
he
performed
in
this
Voyage
for
seven
years
,
and
for
the
History
,
which
he
writ
of
the
great
Actions
of
St.
Lewis
,
and
for
the
extraordinary
Esteem
in
which
he
was
to
this
great
Prince
for
one
of
the
most
Wise
and
most
Valiant
Knights
of
his
time
,
insomuch
that
he
thought
him
worthy
to
be
honoured
,
with
being
his
particular
Confident
.
There
were
also
many
great
Prelates
,
who
resolved
to
be
of
this
Crusade
,
as
Jubellus
,
de
Mathfellons
,
Arch-Bishop
of
Rheims
,
the
Holy
Man
Philip
Berruier
,
Arch-Bishop
of
Bourges
,
most
Illustrious
by
his
Vertues
,
by
his
Doctrine
,
and
by
his
Miracles
,
Robert
de
Cressonsart
,
Bishop
of
Beauvais
,
Garnier
,
Bishop
of
Laon
,
William
de
Bussy
,
Bishop
of
Orleance
,
and
lastly
the
Cardinal
Legate
,
whom
the
Pope
had
designed
,
not
only
to
publish
the
Crusade
in
France
,
as
he
did
in
many
Provinces
,
but
also
to
accompany
the
King
in
this
War
.
It
was
with
this
magnificent
and
fair
train
of
Lords
of
the
Crusade
,
that
Lewis
,
accompanied
with
the
Queen
Blanch
,
his
Mother
,
came
about
the
end
of
November
,
to
the
Famous
Abby
of
Cluny
,
where
the
Pope
,
who
was
arrived
there
from
Lyons
,
met
him
with
twelve
Cardinals
,
the
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
,
and
a
great
number
of
Prelates
,
to
conferr
with
the
King
,
where
in
Person
he
celebrated
the
Mass
in
his
Pontificalibus
,
upon
St.
Andrew's
day
.
It
is
said
that
this
Famous
Abby
,
was
then
of
so
great
extent
,
and
had
so
many
appartments
,
that
the
Pope
,
the
King
,
the
Queen
,
the
Cardinals
,
the
Princes
,
Prelates
,
and
Lords
,
were
all
lodged
most
commodiously
there
with
their
Domesticks
,
without
giving
any
disturbance
to
the
Religious
,
or
obliging
them
to
quit
their
Chambers
,
or
any
places
in
the
Monastry
,
which
were
designed
either
for
their
Service
or
for
the
performance
of
their
Functions
.
The
Pope
,
the
King
and
Queen
Blanch
were
there
for
seven
days
in
continual
secret
Conferences
,
which
as
it
was
believed
,
were
principally
to
treat
of
a
Reconciliation
,
year
1245
between
the
Emperor
and
the
Pope
,
lest
that
unhappy
difference
,
might
either
retard
or
weaken
the
effect
of
this
Crusade
;
but
all
came
to
nothing
,
although
this
did
not
hinder
King
Lewis
,
who
was
equally
Wise
and
Religious
,
and
who
would
not
enter
further
,
into
that
Affair
than
became
him
,
from
living
perfectly
well
with
the
Pope
,
and
yet
without
breaking
with
Frederick
,
who
at
the
same
time
did
what
lay
in
his
Power
,
to
preserve
himself
in
Amity
with
the
King
.
And
truely
not
contenting
himself
only
to
have
writ
in
his
own
defence
,
as
he
did
to
other
Kings
presently
after
the
Council
of
Lyons
,
he
sent
to
him
the
year
following
,
the
famous
Peter
de
Vignes
,
his
Councellour
,
and
William
d'
Ocre
,
one
of
the
principal
Ministers
,
with
Letters
addressed
to
all
the
French
,
by
which
,
after
having
complained
of
the
Enterprises
,
which
he
pretended
the
Pope's
abusing
their
Power
,
made
upon
the
temporal
Rights
,
both
of
Princes
and
private
Persons
,
in
many
differing
ways
,
which
he
exposed
;
he
protested
,
that
provided
this
abuse
were
reformed
,
he
was
ready
to
submit
to
the
Judgment
of
the
King
and
his
Barons
,
all
the
differences
,
which
were
betwixt
him
and
the
Pope
;
and
moreover
provided
,
that
either
the
Lombards
,
were
obliged
to
give
him
that
Obedience
,
which
was
due
to
him
;
or
in
case
of
their
refusal
,
that
whilest
he
endeavoured
to
compel
them
to
it
,
the
Pope
should
not
support
them
in
their
Rebellion
,
he
promised
to
go
to
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
,
either
by
himself
,
or
with
the
King
of
the
Romans
,
or
to
send
thither
the
King
his
Son
,
as
King
Lewis
should
judge
to
be
most
convenient
,
and
not
to
give
over
the
Enterprise
,
until
the
Christians
were
put
into
possession
of
the
whole
Realm
of
Jerusalem
.
And
if
this
Peace
could
not
be
had
upon
these
reasonable
Conditions
,
yet
he
offered
the
King
to
furnish
him
with
Provisions
for
his
whole
Army
,
with
shipping
and
all
the
Assistances
,
which
he
could
wish
from
him
,
either
by
Sea
or
Land
.
And
to
make
it
appear
,
that
he
would
perform
,
what
he
had
promised
,
he
writ
to
all
his
Officers
in
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
and
Sicily
,
giving
them
Orders
to
furnish
the
King
liberally
at
the
price
Currant
,
during
the
whole
time
of
the
War
in
the
East
,
with
Arms
,
Horses
,
Victual
,
and
all
manner
of
Provisions
,
forbidding
all
manner
of
Persons
to
hinder
the
transportation
of
them
upon
any
pretext
whatsoever
.
These
Letters
,
which
were
sealed
with
the
Golden
Bulla
of
Frederick
,
and
dated
in
the
Months
of
Sptember
and
November
,
in
the
year
1246
,
year
1246
are
kept
in
the
Kings
Treasury
at
Chartres
,
and
are
inserted
at
large
in
the
learned
observations
of
Monsieur
du
Cange
,
upon
the
History
of
St.
Lewis
,
written
by
the
sire
Joinville
.
And
certainly
it
must
be
said
,
that
this
Prince
did
not
make
only
vain
and
Verbal
Offers
of
his
Service
,
either
to
amuse
the
King
,
or
to
acquit
himself
of
a
pure
piece
of
Civility
without
any
other
effects
:
For
he
gave
such
orders
in
all
his
Ports
,
and
especially
in
Sicily
,
for
the
transporting
of
Wines
,
Corn
,
and
all
kind
of
refreshments
into
the
Isle
of
Cyprus
,
where
the
King
erected
his
Magazins
,
that
the
Army
found
there
a
prodigious
abundance
of
all
things
necessary
for
their
subsistence
;
so
that
the
King
held
himself
mightily
obliged
to
this
Prince
,
and
the
Queen
Mother
writ
to
him
Letters
full
of
acknowledgments
,
testifying
her
real
sense
of
his
kindness
by
magnificent
presents
,
which
she
sent
him
;
adding
that
,
which
without
doubt
was
most
agreable
to
him
,
by
confessing
that
all
France
was
obliged
to
him
for
the
Conservation
of
the
Kings
whole
Army
.
In
the
mean●htime
St.
Lewis
,
who
owed
the
first
of
his
Care
to
his
Dominions
made
no
great
haste
of
his
departure
,
by
reason
that
he
was
resolved
first
to
finish
what
remained
to
be
done
before
he
engaged
in
so
long
and
dangerous
a
Voyage
;
And
indeed
it
must
be
said
,
that
such
persons
as
speak
not
very
favourably
of
this
expedition
of
St.
Lewis
,
either
are
no
great
Politicians
,
or
else
most
unreasonable
and
unjust
.
For
it
is
impossible
that
there
could
be
taken
a
more
favourable
Conjuncture
,
more
just
Measures
,
or
more
safe
Precautions
than
those
which
he
took
upon
this
occasion
,
to
make
an
Enterprise
of
this
nature
successful
,
to
the
Honour
of
France
,
without
running
any
manifest
hazard
;
an
Enterprise
wherein
in
those
times
the
greatest
Princes
of
the
World
thought
the
greatest
of
their
Glory
did
consist
.
For
all
his
Kingdom
injoyed
a
profound
Peace
,
after
the
glorious
Victories
,
which
this
Prince
,
who
was
one
of
the
most
valiant
and
wisest
that
ever
Reigned
in
France
,
year
1246
had
gained
over
the
Princes
of
the
League
,
over
the
Duke
of
Bretany
,
the
Counts
of
Tholouse
and
March
,
and
over
the
King
of
England
,
and
the
Prince
Richard
,
his
Brother
,
who
had
indeavoured
to
support
the
Earl
of
March
,
and
by
a
pretty
piece
of
Policy
he
carried
along
with
him
all
the
Princes
,
and
all
the
Great
men
of
the
Realm
,
who
might
give
any
Suspicion
,
or
the
least
occasion
to
fear
,
that
they
had
either
the
Power
,
the
Will
,
or
the
Temptation
during
his
absence
to
trouble
the
Repose
of
his
Dominions
.
For
of
the
two
most
mutinous
Spirits
,
of
whom
he
had
most
reason
to
be
distrustful
,
he
took
one
of
them
,
which
was
the
Earl
of
March
,
along
with
him
;
and
the
other
,
which
was
Raymond
the
Young
,
who
was
Earl
of
Tholouse
,
who
had
also
taken
upon
him
the
Cross
,
died
before
the
Voyage
,
leaving
his
Dominions
to
Alphonsus
,
the
King's
Brother
,
the
Count
of
Poitiers
,
who
had
married
the
Princess
Joanna
,
his
Daughter
and
Heiress
;
and
the
King
,
for
his
greater
assurance
,
sent
that
Prince
to
establish
himself
in
his
new
Dominion
of
Languedoc
before
he
imbarqued
himself
,
as
he
afterwards
did
,
to
go
and
joyn
him
in
the
East
.
Moreover
he
deferred
his
Voyage
for
almost
four
Years
,
to
take
the
advantage
of
two
fair
occasions
,
which
presented
themselves
,
the
one
to
reunite
the
County
of
Mascon
to
the
Crown
,
which
he
bought
of
the
Countess
,
who
,
after
she
had
distributed
the
money
,
for
which
she
sold
it
to
the
poor
,
retired
to
the
Nunnery
of
Maubuisson
,
and
there
professed
herself
:
the
other
was
to
bring
the
County
of
Provence
into
the
Royal
House
,
which
had
been
separated
from
it
for
above
three
hundred
Years
.
For
Raymond
Berenger
,
the
Fifth
of
the
Name
,
and
the
last
of
the
Catalonian
Family
,
who
had
reigned
in
Provence
,
being
dead
the
year
preceeding
,
the
King
knew
with
so
much
Art
how
to
gain
Romee
de
Villeneuve
,
and
Albert
de
Tarascon
,
the
Trustees
and
Guardians
of
the
Princess
Beatrix
,
the
remaining
Daughter
of
the
four
,
which
Count
Raymond
had
had
,
who
was
Sister
to
the
Queen
,
and
the
Heiress
to
the
Count
;
that
he
obtained
her
for
Charles
d'
Anjou
,
his
Brother
;
and
without
losing
of
time
,
advancing
towards
Provence
with
one
part
of
the
Army
,
which
was
ready
for
the
Holy
War
,
he
broke
all
the
measures
of
James
the
King
of
Aragon
,
Cousin
German
to
the
deceased
Count
,
and
hindered
his
carrying
the
Princess
away
by
force
,
as
he
had
designed
if
he
could
not
procure
her
by
other
wayes
,
in
order
to
oblige
her
to
marry
his
Son
,
and
by
that
means
to
retain
this
fair
County
in
his
Family
,
which
lay
so
conveniently
for
him
.
During
this
time
Lewis
had
all
the
leisure
which
could
be
reasonably
desired
to
make
his
preparations
and
provisions
,
year
1247
which
were
the
greatest
that
ever
had
been
seen
;
and
also
to
settle
that
Publick
Peace
and
Tranquility
which
he
had
so
happily
given
to
all
his
Dominions
,
and
to
assure
himself
on
the
side
of
England
also
.
For
he
prolonged
the
Truce
,
which
had
been
made
with
that
King
two
or
three
Years
before
,
after
the
Victory
of
Taillebourg
,
and
also
engaged
the
Pope
to
be
the
Guarranty
that
it
should
be
inviolably
observed
,
as
it
was
during
all
the
time
of
his
absence
,
although
the
English
hearing
of
his
being
taken
Prisoner
indeavoured
to
break
it
.
In
short
,
this
Wise
Prince
neither
went
as
the
first
Crusades
had
done
by
Land
,
and
thereby
he
avoided
the
dangers
,
into
which
they
had
fallen
,
of
perishing
by
Famine
,
and
the
miseries
which
attended
those
vast
Desert
Countries
,
which
were
possessed
by
the
Barbarians
,
neither
did
he
go
with
a
confused
Multitude
of
all
manner
of
Persons
and
People
,
who
were
to
be
gotten
together
,
who
served
for
no
other
purpose
,
but
to
put
all
into
disorder
;
but
with
a
good
Army
consisting
in
betwixt
thirty
and
forty
thousand
men
,
which
was
such
a
number
as
the
Great
Alexander
had
when
he
went
to
the
Conquest
of
Asia
;
but
this
Army
was
composed
for
the
greatest
part
of
Gentlemen
,
and
choice
Souldiers
,
such
as
were
capable
of
marching
over
the
bellies
of
all
that
Egypt
and
Syria
could
oppose
against
them
,
unless
some
accident
should
happen
,
or
some
extraordinary
misfortune
befal
them
,
against
which
no
humane
Prudence
can
give
any
Warranty
or
Assurance
.
And
that
which
was
most
considerable
,
the
whole
Army
was
absolutely
at
his
disposal
,
in
regard
that
it
consisted
wholly
of
French
;
for
the
King
of
England
would
not
permit
the
Bishop
of
Berytus
,
who
went
thither
to
preach
the
Crusade
,
to
publish
it
in
his
Dominions
,
alledging
that
he
stood
in
need
of
all
his
Subjects
to
defend
himself
against
his
Enemies
,
if
they
should
attack
him
.
year
1245
King
Lewis
having
wisely
provided
all
things
necessary
for
his
Voyage
,
which
he
undertook
in
his
very
prime
strength
,
being
about
three
and
thirty
Years
of
Age
,
he
had
nothing
further
to
do
but
to
take
care
of
the
Government
of
his
Realm
in
his
absence
,
and
this
he
left
to
his
Mother
,
Queen
Blanch
,
the
most
able
Woman
,
and
most
capable
of
Governing
of
any
of
her
time
;
after
which
he
went
,
according
to
the
Custom
of
those
Ages
,
to
St.
Dennis
,
to
receive
the
Oristame
,
the
Scarf
,
and
the
Pilgrim's
Staff
,
which
he
did
in
great
Solemnity
,
for
he
parted
from
Paris
upon
the
Friday
after
Whitsunday
,
in
the
year
1248.
accompanied
with
the
two
Princes
,
his
Brothers
,
the
Legate
,
year
1248
and
the
most
part
of
the
Princes
of
the
Crusade
,
being
preceded
by
all
the
Processions
of
the
whole
City
,
which
were
followed
by
an
infinite
number
of
People
,
who
,
all
in
tears
,
marched
from
the
Palace
to
the
Nunnery
of
St.
Antonina
,
singing
Psalms
and
Letanies
for
the
prosperity
of
his
Voyage
.
From
thence
he
went
by
Burgundy
to
Lyons
,
where
he
made
his
Entry
with
all
manner
of
Magnificence
,
for
never
any
King
was
better
acquainted
with
the
Art
of
making
his
Royal
Majesty
most
conspicuous
in
those
Publick
Ceremonies
,
where
he
was
minded
to
shew
it
;
and
the
Historians
of
that
Age
inform
us
,
that
among
other
remarkable
Circumstances
of
this
Magnificent
Entry
,
there
were
an
hundred
Knights
,
who
being
compleatly
armed
,
and
mounted
upon
their
great
charging
Horses
,
caparisoned
with
their
Coat
Armor
,
according
to
the
manner
of
those
times
,
marched
before
him
with
their
Swords
drawn
in
their
hands
;
and
this
is
that
which
our
present
King
,
who
in
Magnificience
and
Grandeur
surpasseth
all
his
Predecessars
,
hath
revived
in
our
dayes
,
to
render
to
the
Majesty
of
our
Kings
,
that
which
St.
Lewis
himself
,
as
great
a
Saint
as
he
was
,
judged
necessary
upon
some
occasions
,
for
the
manifesting
his
Lustre
and
his
Greatness
.
After
this
,
the
Holy
King
having
again
conferred
with
the
Pope
,
who
kept
his
Court
at
Lyons
,
descended
by
the
Rhone
,
and
went
to
take
Shipping
with
the
Queen
upon
the
twenty
fifth
of
August
,
at
Aigues-Mortes
,
where
the
greatest
part
of
his
Fleet
waited
for
him
,
the
remainder
being
at
Marseilles
,
there
to
take
in
the
rest
of
his
Army
.
After
which
setting
sail
upon
the
twenty
seventh
,
he
arrived
about
the
twentieth
of
September
in
the
Isle
of
Cyprus
,
where
the
other
Ships
,
which
came
from
Aigues-Mortes
,
and
Marseilles
,
sooner
or
later
,
as
the
Troops
came
up
,
which
were
to
be
imbarqued
upon
them
,
came
to
joyn
him
in
a
little
time
after
.
There
it
was
that
St.
Lewis
committed
a
great
Error
,
which
must
not
be
dissembled
,
and
which
most
assuredly
was
the
cause
of
his
Misfortune
,
by
following
,
against
his
own
Judgment
,
the
advice
of
the
Lords
of
his
Army
,
and
the
Barons
of
the
Isle
of
Cyprus
;
For
one
part
of
them
being
very
glad
to
repose
themselves
,
and
the
other
to
have
time
to
prepare
themselves
for
the
Voyage
,
which
they
promised
to
undertake
with
the
French
,
and
they
lay
so
continually
at
him
,
that
they
persuaded
the
King
contrary
to
his
Inclination
to
stay
in
the
Island
till
after
Easter
,
pretending
that
the
Winter
was
now
approaching
,
and
that
it
was
most
convenient
to
expect
the
coming
up
of
several
other
Troops
,
which
were
to
arrive
;
and
this
occasioned
two
great
Mischiefs
;
For
first
,
the
Waters
in
the
Island
were
nothing
so
wholesome
,
as
those
of
Egypt
,
and
the
Air
was
very
bad
,
and
not
at
all
favourable
to
Strangers
,
who
were
not
accustomed
to
it
,
by
reason
whereof
Diseases
fell
into
the
Army
,
and
considerable
numbers
of
them
died
,
and
divers
even
of
the
first
Quality
to
the
number
of
at
least
an
hundred
and
fifty
,
among
whom
were
extremely
regretted
,
the
Counts
de
Dreux
,
Vendosme
,
St.
Paul
,
and
Montfort
,
the
Bishops
of
Beauvais
and
Noyon
,
and
the
Illustrious
Archambaud
de
Bourbon
.
This
is
he
,
who
was
the
last
of
the
Race
of
the
Archambauds
,
who
having
held
,
during
the
time
of
seven
Counts
of
that
name
,
Bourbon
,
and
a
great
part
of
Avergne
for
three
hundred
and
eight
years
,
lost
them
happily
for
the
Glory
of
that
House
,
by
the
Heiress
thereof
,
marrying
into
the
August
Race
of
St.
Lewis
,
there
to
revive
again
in
the
most
glorious
manner
in
the
Descendants
of
that
King
,
who
are
raised
,
as
we
see
them
at
this
day
,
with
greater
Splendour
than
ever
,
to
one
of
the
tallest
Thrones
of
Christendom
.
For
the
Prince
John
de
Burgogne
,
the
second
Son
of
Hugh
the
Fourth
,
who
was
of
this
Crusade
,
having
married
Agnes
,
year
1248
the
Inheretrix
of
Archambaud
,
had
by
her
only
one
Daughter
,
Beatrix
de
Burgogne
,
a
Princess
of
the
Blood
of
France
,
by
her
Father
,
and
Heiress
of
Bourbon
,
by
her
Mother
.
Robert
of
France
,
the
fourth
Son
of
St.
Lewis
,
and
Count
de
Clermont
in
Beavoise
,
married
this
Princess
Beatrix
,
by
whom
he
had
Lewis
,
who
took
the
Surname
of
the
Inheritance
of
his
Mother
,
and
was
the
first
Duke
of
Bourbon
;
and
from
him
,
by
James
de
Bourbon
,
Constable
of
France
,
his
second
Son
,
are
descended
the
Princes
of
that
Royal
House
,
of
which
the
Eldest
,
after
the
Race
of
Valois
was
Extinct
,
succeeded
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
from
Henry
the
Great
,
whose
Grandson
Lewis
fourteenth
,
the
Inheritor
of
his
admirable
Vertues
,
and
the
glorious
Surname
of
The
Great
,
hath
with
the
Crown
rendred
that
Name
the
most
August
,
and
the
most
revered
of
all
the
Earth
,
which
he
hath
received
from
so
many
Kings
,
his
Predecessors
,
accounting
from
this
St.
Lewis
,
to
whom
he
is
the
Twelfth
in
a
Lineal
Succession
.
And
I
cannot
believe
that
this
Digression
will
be
disagreeable
,
which
I
make
of
this
Genealogy
upon
so
favourable
an
opportunity
,
since
it
falls
in
so
naturally
with
the
Subject
of
my
History
,
which
I
now
am
about
again
to
pursue
.
The
second
ill
consequence
which
this
too
long
stay
in
the
Isle
of
Cyprus
produced
,
was
the
leisure
,
which
was
thereby
given
the
Sarasins
,
who
were
then
at
War
among
themselves
,
to
reunite
,
or
at
least
to
suspend
their
private
quarrels
,
to
put
themselves
into
a
condition
to
oppose
the
Forces
of
the
Christians
.
And
in
truth
,
when
the
King
came
to
Land
in
the
Isle
of
Cyprus
,
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
who
sometime
before
had
seized
upon
Damasous
,
and
all
the
other
Sultans
upon
his
hands
,
who
were
united
against
him
for
their
common
defence
,
and
would
not
treat
at
all
of
any
peace
,
as
he
desired
,
unless
he
would
first
withdraw
his
Forces
out
of
Syria
.
He
was
himself
sick
at
Damascus
,
and
fearing
that
the
Christian
Army
should
in
the
mean
time
fall
into
Egypt
,
he
was
at
last
obliged
at
least
to
obtain
a
Truce
from
the
Sultan
of
Alepo
,
and
to
draw
off
his
Army
from
before
Emessa
,
which
he
had
besieged
;
so
that
if
St.
Lewis
in
stead
of
stopping
in
Cyprus
,
had
gone
directly
to
attack
Egypt
,
he
had
found
it
without
any
Forces
capable
of
resisting
him
,
and
might
have
made
himself
Master
of
it
,
with
very
little
difficulty
.
Whereas
during
these
six
Months
,
which
were
spent
unprofitably
in
this
Island
,
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
had
all
the
time
and
opportunity
,
which
he
could
desire
to
accommodate
matters
with
the
Sultan
of
Alepo
,
and
to
recover
of
his
Distemper
;
as
also
to
draw
his
Army
into
Egypt
,
and
there
to
raise
new
Troops
,
and
put
all
things
into
a
posture
to
receive
the
Christians
:
on
the
contrary
,
the
King's
Army
was
extremely
weakned
by
this
long
time
of
lying
still
;
and
besides
consumed
all
the
great
Provisions
,
which
had
been
made
;
insomuch
,
that
unless
the
Emperor
,
Frederick
,
and
the
Venetians
to
whom
he
made
applications
for
Provisions
,
which
the
Isle
could
not
furnish
him
withal
,
and
who
served
him
with
it
,
in
a
manner
infinitely
obliging
,
had
not
furnished
him
,
he
had
been
constrained
to
return
into
France
,
without
doing
any
thing
at
all
.
It
was
during
his
stay
in
this
Island
,
and
towards
the
end
of
the
Year
,
that
he
received
from
Nicosia
the
Embassadors
of
one
of
the
Tartarian
Princes
,
whose
name
was
Ercalthay
,
and
,
who
was
then
in
the
most
Eastern
Parts
of
Persia
.
After
they
had
presented
their
Letters
of
Credence
,
which
were
written
in
the
Persian
Language
,
and
in
Arabick
Characters
,
and
translated
into
Latin
by
Father
Andrew
,
a
Monk
of
the
Order
of
St.
Dominick
,
who
had
formerly
known
these
Ambassadors
in
Persia
,
whither
he
had
been
sent
by
Pope
Innocent
,
they
informed
the
King
,
that
the
Great
Cham
of
Tartary
had
about
three
Years
before
been
baptized
,
having
been
converted
by
the
good
Example
and
the
Exhortations
of
the
Empress
,
his
Mother
,
the
Daughter
of
a
King
of
the
Indians
,
she
having
always
been
a
Christian
;
That
their
Master
,
Prince
Ercalthay
,
who
had
also
for
a
long
time
been
a
Christian
,
had
been
sent
by
the
Great
Cham
,
with
a
Potent
Army
against
the
Calife
of
Baldac
,
as
great
an
Enemy
of
the
Christians
,
as
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
.
That
that
Sultan
to
afright
the
Sultan
of
Mussule
,
or
Nineveh
,
who
was
also
a
Friend
of
the
Christians
,
had
written
to
him
,
that
the
King
of
France
,
being
come
to
attack
Egypt
,
had
been
defeated
at
Sea
,
and
had
lost
above
sixty
of
his
Ships
,
which
had
been
carried
in
Triumph
into
Damiata
.
They
added
,
that
their
Master
had
not
doubted
but
that
this
Defeat
by
the
Egyptians
was
a
pure
Fiction
;
year
1248
and
that
therefore
having
understood
that
a
King
so
renowned
throughout
the
World
,
was
come
to
make
War
upon
Egypt
,
he
had
sent
them
to
inform
his
Majesty
,
that
he
was
marching
to
besiege
the
Calife
in
Baldac
in
the
beginning
of
the
Summer
,
and
therefore
requested
him
at
the
same
time
to
attack
Egypt
;
and
that
the
Sultan
and
the
Calife
being
thereby
hindered
from
mutually
assisting
the
one
the
other
,
they
might
both
of
them
with
more
ease
come
to
the
ends
,
which
they
had
proposed
.
All
this
,
which
these
Ambassadors
had
related
,
and
the
account
which
they
gave
of
the
puissance
of
the
Tartars
,
was
exactly
conformable
to
the
Letters
,
which
the
Constable
of
Armenia
,
who
had
made
a
Great
Voyage
into
Tartaria
,
had
before
written
to
the
King
of
Cyprus
;
so
that
St.
Lewis
received
them
with
an
incredible
joy
,
year
1249
and
himself
conducted
them
upon
the
Holy
Days
of
the
Nativity
and
Epiphany
,
to
the
Divine
Offices
,
caused
them
to
be
entertained
at
his
own
Table
,
and
kept
them
there
till
the
beginning
of
February
,
that
so
he
might
treat
with
them
with
more
deliberation
.
After
which
he
dispatched
them
,
loaden
with
Noble
Presents
,
together
with
Father
Andrew
,
and
two
other
Religious
of
his
Order
,
two
Cordeliers
,
two
Secular
Ecclesiasticks
,
and
Gentlemen
Attendants
,
whom
he
sent
Ambassadors
,
some
to
the
Prince
Ercalthay
,
and
others
to
the
Great
Cham
,
with
most
Magnificent
Presents
,
both
for
the
one
and
the
other
.
There
was
sent
to
the
Great
Cham
,
among
other
Rarities
and
curious
Pieces
of
great
value
,
a
most
Sumptuous
Tent
of
Scarlet
,
in
form
of
a
Chappel
,
where
was
to
be
seen
in
rich
Embroidery
,
all
the
Mysteries
of
the
Life
and
Passion
of
Jesus
Christ
,
admirably
represented
in
Silk
raised
with
Gold
,
there
was
also
belonging
to
the
Chappel
sent
all
the
necessary
Ornaments
and
Furniture
for
the
Celebration
of
the
Divine
Offices
;
as
also
to
each
of
them
a
small
piece
of
the
Wood
of
the
Holy
Cross
;
and
the
King
writ
to
them
Letters
full
of
the
Spirit
of
Religion
,
with
which
his
Soul
abounded
,
in
which
he
exhorted
them
to
persevere
in
the
love
of
God
,
who
by
his
Grace
had
been
pleased
to
illuminate
their
Minds
.
and
had
called
them
to
the
happy
knowledge
of
himself
.
The
Legate
also
on
his
part
did
the
same
,
writing
to
the
Mother
of
the
Great
Cham
,
and
to
all
the
Christians
of
that
huge
Empire
,
exhorting
them
to
take
great
care
to
preserve
themselves
in
the
true
Faith
,
and
the
Unity
of
the
Catholick
Church
,
under
the
Obedience
of
the
Vicar
of
Jesus
Christ
upon
Earth
.
After
this
the
King
spent
the
rest
of
the
Winter
in
pacifying
some
troubles
among
the
Christians
,
especially
those
of
Syria
and
Palestine
,
and
in
according
the
differences
,
which
were
between
the
King
of
Armenia
,
and
the
Princes
of
Antioch
,
who
were
continually
in
some
quarrel
or
other
.
He
caused
also
a
great
number
of
slat
bottomed
Boats
to
be
built
in
order
to
the
landing
of
his
men
;
and
at
last
after
he
had
assembled
all
his
Troops
,
who
were
with
part
of
his
Ships
in
the
neighbouring
Islands
,
and
had
received
a
reinforcement
from
Europe
,
of
about
two
hundred
English
Gentlemen
,
conducted
by
William
Longsword
,
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
who
were
resolved
to
have
a
share
in
this
War
,
and
after
he
had
escaped
the
Treachery
of
certain
Sarasins
,
who
were
come
disguised
into
Cyprus
with
intention
to
poyson
him
,
he
imbarqued
the
Week
before
Whit
sunday
,
together
with
Henry
,
King
of
Cyprus
,
and
set
sail
for
Egypt
.
But
being
by
ill
weather
,
which
separated
his
Fleet
,
driven
into
Limisso
,
he
parted
the
day
after
the
Feast
from
that
Port
,
and
with
a
fair
gale
of
Wind
arrived
in
four
days
before
Damiata
,
which
place
he
resolved
to
besiege
.
Damiata
,
of
which
I
have
formerly
given
the
description
,
both
as
to
its
Situation
and
Strength
,
was
at
this
time
nothing
so
well
fortified
,
as
it
was
when
about
thirty
Years
before
it
was
taken
by
the
Christians
,
after
a
Siege
of
eighteen
Months
;
neither
was
it
defended
by
such
gallant
men
as
those
,
who
sustained
that
long
Siege
;
and
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
Melech-Salah
,
although
he
was
a
great
Soldier
,
yet
was
much
declined
from
his
first
Vigor
,
being
in
a
weak
and
languishing
condition
,
by
reason
of
the
great
Sickness
,
which
he
had
had
during
the
Winter
at
Damascus
.
Nevertheless
,
as
he
did
expect
,
that
the
King
would
make
his
first
attempt
against
the
City
of
Damascus
,
which
was
the
Key
of
Egypt
,
he
brought
thither
all
the
Army
,
which
came
with
him
from
Syria
;
and
so
soon
as
the
Signal
was
given
from
the
Tower
of
Pharus
,
that
the
Christian
Fleet
appeared
,
he
ranged
his
Army
along
the
Shoar
,
and
caused
his
Ships
and
Gallies
to
descend
to
the
Mouth
of
the
Nile
;
year
1249
so
that
the
first
object
,
that
appeared
before
the
Eyes
of
the
French
,
were
two
great
Armies
,
one
by
Sea
,
to
oppose
their
Entry
into
the
River
;
the
other
by
Land
upon
the
Brink
of
the
Shoar
to
hinder
their
descent
,
from
which
two
Armies
they
heard
the
terrible
noise
of
their
Instruments
of
War
,
and
the
dreadful
shouts
of
so
many
millions
of
Sarasins
,
as
made
the
Arched
Roof
of
Heaven
resound
again
;
the
Sultan
himself
,
as
ill
as
he
was
,
would
put
himself
at
the
head
of
them
,
armed
completely
from
head
to
foot
in
his
fairest
Arms
,
all
of
fine
Gold
,
and
sparkling
with
precious
Stones
,
which
receiving
a
marvellous
reduplication
from
the
shining
Beams
of
the
Sun
cast
such
glittering
Rayes
,
as
made
him
seem
all
on
fire
.
Hereupon
the
King
held
a
Council
with
the
King
of
Cyprus
,
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
William
Hardoum
,
Prince
of
Achaia
,
who
came
from
Morea
,
John
d'
Ybelin
,
Count
de
Jaffa
,
who
was
come
from
Palestine
,
and
with
the
rest
of
the
Princes
and
Great
Lords
.
They
were
all
in
the
Opinion
,
that
they
ought
not
to
endeavour
a
descent
in
View
of
two
such
great
Armies
,
they
having
not
the
third
part
of
the
number
of
their
Enemies
,
and
that
they
ought
rather
to
expect
the
arrival
of
those
,
who
had
been
separated
by
the
Tempest
,
among
whom
there
were
above
twelve
hundred
Knights
,
who
were
the
choice
men
of
the
Army
.
But
the
King
maintained
the
contrary
opinion
,
and
made
it
clearly
appear
,
that
if
they
deferred
it
any
longer
,
they
might
put
themselves
in
evident
danger
of
losing
all
,
in
regard
that
they
had
no
Port
,
to
which
they
might
retire
and
secure
themselves
from
a
suddain
Tempest
,
which
as
it
had
done
before
,
might
chance
to
overtake
them
,
and
either
separate
them
,
or
force
them
ashoar
upon
the
Enemies
Coasts
.
And
that
besides
this
delay
,
would
not
only
give
the
Enemies
an
increase
of
Courage
,
but
the
time
to
retrench
themselves
with
greater
advantage
.
This
resolution
of
the
King
,
and
the
Power
of
his
reasonings
,
having
dissipated
the
Fear
,
which
they
had
,
That
they
should
not
succeed
in
their
attempt
with
so
small
a
number
,
it
was
ordered
that
the
next
morning
,
they
should
move
directly
against
the
Enemies
if
they
should
again
appear
,
to
dispute
the
descent
the
day
following
accordingly
,
being
the
Friday
after
Whitsunday
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
Knights
and
Soldiers
,
descending
from
the
Ships
in
their
Arms
into
the
Shallops
and
flat-Boats
,
which
were
built
in
the
Isle
of
Cyprus
for
the
purpose
,
the
King
ranged
them
in
two
great
Lines
,
which
extended
upon
a
long
Front
,
to
possess
the
whole
length
of
the
Bank
,
upon
which
the
Enemies
stood
in
Battalia
,
in
the
same
posture
as
the
day
before
,
only
the
Sultan
was
not
there
,
by
reason
that
his
sickness
increasing
,
he
had
caused
himself
to
be
carried
to
a
Country
house
,
about
a
League
from
Damiata
.
The
King
was
upon
the
right
hand
accompanied
with
the
two
Princes
,
his
Brothers
,
the
King
of
Cyprus
,
the
other
Princes
,
and
the
Flower
of
the
Nobility
and
Knights
,
who
encompassed
him
with
their
Boats
;
He
was
in
his
with
the
Cardinal
Legate
,
who
himself
carried
his
Cross
,
which
he
held
up
aloft
to
animate
the
Soldiers
by
beholding
the
Saviour
of
the
World
represented
,
dying
for
them
,
and
for
whose
sake
,
they
were
going
to
expose
their
Lives
.
The
Bark
,
which
carried
the
Oriflame
or
Banner
of
St.
Dennis
,
went
before
all
those
,
which
accompanied
the
King
;
The
Count
de
Jaffa
was
upon
the
Left
hand
,
drawing
towards
the
Mouth
of
the
River
,
and
appeared
at
the
head
of
his
Vessels
,
in
a
magnificent
Galliot
,
painted
all
over
with
his
Arms.
And
Count
Errard
de
Brienne
was
in
the
middle
of
these
two
Squadrons
,
with
Baldwin
de
Reims
,
who
led
a
thousand
Gallant
Knights
.
As
soon
as
the
Signal
was
given
all
these
Vessels
began
to
row
towards
the
shoar
,
and
so
soon
as
they
approached
within
distance
the
Archers
and
Cross-Bows
,
made
a
furious
discharge
to
scatter
the
Enemy
,
who
advanced
to
the
Bank
shooting
without
Intermission
from
their
side
also
;
and
at
the
same
instant
,
sooner
or
later
found
themselves
aground
according
as
the
Sea
was
deeper
or
shallower
,
in
diverse
places
to
which
they
rowed
,
the
Soldiers
leaped
out
of
the
Boats
,
and
advancing
out
of
the
Water
upon
the
Sand
,
they
drew
up
in
their
Battalions
,
covering
themselves
with
their
Bucklers
,
and
presenting
the
points
of
their
Pikes
and
Swords
to
their
Enemies
,
who
durst
never
so
much
as
once
charge
them
.
One
of
the
first
Barks
,
which
landed
,
was
that
,
which
carried
the
Banner
of
St.
Dennis
;
which
the
King
no
sooner
perceived
,
year
1249
but
without
staying
till
they
could
run
his
Barge
aground
,
and
notwithstanding
all
the
remonstrances
of
the
Legate
,
who
used
his
utmost
Power
to
restrain
him
,
he
threw
himself
into
the
Sea
up
to
the
very
Shoulders
,
his
Shield
hanging
about
his
neck
,
his
Cask
upon
his
head
,
and
with
his
Sword
in
his
hand
;
he
had
in
this
Posture
advanced
directly
against
the
Enemy
,
if
those
who
crouded
after
him
,
had
not
in
a
manner
by
Force
stop'd
him
till
the
Knights
,
who
animated
by
his
Example
precipitated
themselves
overboard
,
with
the
desire
to
come
up
to
him
,
had
put
themselves
into
order
of
Battle
,
as
they
did
presently
after
.
Hereupon
the
Sarasins
,
whom
those
,
who
were
already
landed
,
had
beaten
and
repulsed
twice
or
thrice
,
seeing
that
the
whole
Army
began
to
move
to
charge
them
in
good
order
,
and
that
the
King
himself
marched
at
the
head
of
his
Battalion
,
they
no
longer
thought
of
sighting
,
but
after
a
faint
resistance
,
the
Governour
of
Damiata
,
who
commanded
them
,
being
slain
upon
the
place
,
with
two
Admirals
,
and
a
considerable
number
of
their
men
,
they
presently
fell
to
running
with
so
much
Precipitation
and
disorder
,
that
they
had
not
time
to
break
their
Bridge
of
Boats
,
by
which
they
entered
into
Damiata
.
And
that
which
was
still
more
surprizing
was
,
that
they
instantly
quitted
the
City
,
which
was
one
of
the
strongest
in
all
Egypt
,
and
after
having
set
fire
to
the
Magazins
and
Merchants
Ware-Houses
,
they
marched
out
,
and
retreated
towards
Caire
.
And
to
compleat
the
good
Fortune
of
this
famous
day
,
at
the
same
time
that
the
Army
gained
the
shoar
from
the
Enemy
,
and
that
they
fought
upon
Land
in
this
Heroick
manner
,
the
great
Ships
and
the
Gallies
entring
almost
without
resistance
into
the
Mouth
of
the
River
,
constrained
the
Sarasins
Ships
to
save
themselves
by
Flight
,
as
they
did
all
,
except
those
,
who
having
sailed
up
the
River
as
far
as
the
Bridge
,
could
not
pass
so
soon
through
the
passage
,
which
they
had
made
,
but
that
they
were
taken
by
the
Christians
.
And
in
truth
all
this
seemed
to
look
like
something
miraculous
,
to
see
a
puissant
Army
,
which
consisted
principally
in
Cavalry
,
routed
in
so
short
a
time
by
so
few
men
,
all
on
foot
,
and
all
moiled
in
the
Mud
and
Water
,
so
that
they
could
not
land
,
but
in
small
numbers
,
and
had
scarce
time
to
draw
themselves
up
into
some
disorderly
Battalions
;
and
that
the
Ships
,
in
which
there
were
scarce
any
besides
the
Seamen
,
should
overcome
and
dissipate
a
great
Navy
well
armed
;
but
above
all
,
that
one
of
the
strongest
Cities
of
the
East
,
which
it
was
believed
could
never
be
taken
but
by
Famine
,
should
immediately
after
be
abandoned
by
men
,
who
after
all
this
were
excellent
Souldiers
,
and
wanted
neither
Skill
nor
resolution
,
as
had
well
been
made
appear
both
in
Syria
,
and
as
too
well
appeared
afterwards
in
Egypt
.
But
besides
that
they
were
amazed
at
the
Courage
of
the
French
,
and
the
surprizing
Boldness
of
the
King
;
and
that
God
,
as
it
may
well
be
believed
,
possessed
their
hearts
with
that
kind
of
Pannick
fear
,
which
makes
valiant
Men
sometimes
lose
both
their
Judgment
and
their
Courage
;
I
find
that
a
false
Rumor
,
which
was
brought
them
of
the
Death
of
the
Sultan
,
by
some
,
who
came
from
Caire
,
and
which
was
believed
to
be
true
by
both
the
Armies
contributed
much
to
this
extraordinary
Event
;
in
regard
that
all
the
principal
Officers
,
had
an
inclination
to
go
directly
to
Caire
,
to
take
care
of
their
particular
Interests
;
in
this
great
revolution
of
Affairs
,
which
the
Death
of
the
Sultan
would
in
probability
make
;
so
that
they
thought
no
longer
of
Fighting
,
or
of
keeping
a
City
,
which
they
chose
rather
to
set
on
fire
,
than
to
leave
it
intire
to
their
Enemies
.
However
it
was
,
it
is
most
certain
that
they
did
abandon
it
,
and
that
so
much
of
the
Bridge
of
Boats
,
as
their
precipitation
had
given
them
leave
to
break
,
having
been
in
a
few
hours
repaired
,
a
great
part
of
the
Army
marched
over
and
seized
upon
it
,
and
having
extinguished
the
Fire
,
and
cleansed
the
Houses
,
and
put
the
great
Mosquee
into
the
condition
wherein
it
was
,
when
it
was
consecrated
to
God
in
the
Honor
of
our
Lady
,
at
the
first
taking
of
Damiata
,
thirty
years
before
the
King
made
his
solemn
entry
into
the
City
.
And
certainly
he
did
it
in
a
manner
,
which
evidently
shewed
,
that
he
had
an
intention
,
that
God
alone
should
have
the
Honor
of
the
Triumph
of
such
a
memorable
Victory
,
which
had
not
been
gained
,
but
by
the
extraordinary
wonders
of
his
Power
and
his
Goodness
.
For
he
commanded
that
the
Cross
should
enter
first
,
year
1249
and
should
immediately
be
followed
by
the
Legate
,
the
Patriarch
,
the
Archbishops
,
the
Bishops
,
and
all
the
Clergy
singing
Hymns
in
the
praise
of
the
great
God
of
Armies
:
after
which
the
King
,
accompanied
with
the
Queen
,
the
King
of
Cyprus
,
the
Counts
D'
Artois
and
D'
Anjou
,
marched
bareheaded
and
barefooted
with
a
profound
Humility
,
giving
all
the
Glory
to
God
only
:
he
was
followed
in
this
manner
by
all
the
Princes
,
the
Lords
,
the
Officers
,
and
the
whole
Army
,
which
afterwards
continued
there
all
the
Summer
,
and
the
Autumn
,
partly
in
the
City
and
partly
in
the
Camp
,
which
he
caused
to
be
fortified
against
the
Sarasins
,
who
indeavoured
to
surprize
it
.
That
which
made
him
take
this
Resolution
was
the
fear
of
falling
into
a
misfortune
by
the
inundation
of
the
Nilus
,
as
the
Christian
Army
under
King
John
de
Brienne
had
done
.
But
in
regard
that
the
River
does
not
begin
to
swell
till
towards
Mid-summer
,
if
they
had
marched
presently
towards
Caire
,
and
not
deferred
it
to
an
unseasonable
time
,
as
they
did
afterwards
,
it
is
almost
certain
that
in
the
disorder
,
which
the
Sultans
Sickness
,
and
the
defeat
of
his
Army
had
occasioned
,
they
might
have
had
time
enough
before
the
rising
of
the
Nile
,
to
have
taken
that
great
City
,
which
being
not
at
all
fortified
,
would
upon
its
Reduction
,
have
made
them
Masters
of
all
Egypt
without
ever
drawing
the
Sword
.
But
it
is
the
Misfortune
which
usually
attends
Prosperity
,
which
is
apt
so
to
Blind
,
and
unbend
Mens
spirits
,
and
to
make
them
slacken
their
pace
in
the
full
Career
of
their
pursuit
of
Glory
,
and
then
to
stop
,
when
they
ought
by
acting
most
vigourosly
to
seek
that
safe
Repose
,
which
is
only
to
be
had
by
going
through
with
their
great
designs
.
The
Pious
King
was
not
able
to
oppose
the
Torrent
of
Opinions
,
which
ran
so
impetuously
strong
for
their
stay
at
Damiata
,
under
a
hundred
specious
pretexts
,
which
were
alledged
for
it
;
and
during
this
stay
so
fatal
to
their
Affairs
,
the
Army
not
only
wasted
with
this
long
idleness
,
but
pulled
down
upon
themselves
the
just
Vengeance
of
the
incensed
Omnipotence
,
by
all
manner
of
dissoluteness
,
and
the
most
shameful
and
infamous
Debauches
,
into
which
both
the
Officers
and
Soldiers
continually
plunged
themselves
;
nor
was
it
possible
for
St.
Lewis
by
his
utmost
Efforts
to
prevent
them
either
by
his
Reproofs
and
Exhortations
,
by
his
orders
,
which
were
ill
observed
,
of
by
the
Punishments
which
he
did
inflict
upon
the
Criminals
,
in
banishing
many
Officers
of
his
own
houshold
from
the
Court
,
or
even
by
that
which
is
ordinarily
most
prevalent
from
Kings
,
by
the
admirable
examples
of
all
manner
of
Virtues
,
which
upon
all
occasions
were
so
conspicuous
in
his
Life
and
Actions
.
At
length
,
the
Count
de
Poitiers
,
who
had
been
so
long
expected
,
arriving
about
the
end
of
October
,
with
his
Sister-in-Law
,
the
Countess
D'
Artois
,
and
a
great
and
Noble
Reinforcement
of
the
choice
Gentlemen
of
the
Arrier-ban
,
a
Council
was
held
,
to
consider
what
enterprise
was
to
be
undertaken
.
And
in
this
matter
there
were
two
Opinions
,
very
remote
and
different
.
The
first
was
maintained
by
the
Duke
of
Bretany
,
who
was
of
Opinion
that
they
ought
to
Attack
the
City
of
Alexandria
,
in
regard
that
if
they
could
take
that
place
,
they
should
thereby
become
Masters
of
all
that
side
of
Egypt
;
that
they
should
be
Masters
of
an
admirable
and
safe
Port
for
the
Fleet
to
ride
in
;
that
they
should
thereby
have
the
great
conveniency
,
not
only
of
receiving
the
Succours
of
Men
and
Provisions
,
which
they
should
stand
in
need
of
,
but
also
be
able
absolutely
to
hinder
any
from
coming
to
the
Enemies
by
Sea
.
But
the
Count
D'
Artois
declared
himself
for
the
second
Opinion
,
and
strongly
argued
,
that
as
the
certain
way
to
destroy
a
Serpent
was
to
crush
his
head
;
so
to
finish
the
Conquest
of
Egypt
in
a
little
time
,
the
certain
way
was
to
march
directly
against
Caire
,
which
was
the
Capital
City
of
the
Realm
.
This
advice
,
which
seemed
most
plausible
,
in
regard
it
seemed
to
carry
more
Honor
in
it
,
was
imbraced
by
all
with
great
applause
;
and
thereupon
the
King
gave
orders
for
the
Army
to
march
,
which
they
did
upon
the
twentieth
of
November
.
I
have
shewed
formerly
that
the
Nilus
entring
into
the
lower
Egypt
,
a
little
below
the
Grand
Caire
,
which
is
also
the
ancient
Memphis
,
divides
it self
into
four
Arms
,
which
when
this
great
River
increases
,
as
it
doth
certainly
more
or
less
every
Year
,
from
about
the
Feast
of
St.
John
the
Baptist
,
till
towards
the
middle
of
September
,
it
also
makes
several
other
great
Channels
,
which
remain
dry
when
the
Waters
fall
,
and
retire
within
their
proper
shoars
,
from
whence
as
before
was
observed
arises
that
opinion
so
common
among
Authors
,
year
1249
who
frequently
talk
of
the
seven
Mouths
of
the
Nilus
.
The
Ancient
Pelusium
stood
upon
the
first
of
these
Branches
towards
Palestine
.
Damiata
was
situate
upon
the
second
Arm
towards
the
left
hand
,
about
a
good
mile
from
the
Sea
;
for
as
for
the
City
of
that
Name
at
this
time
,
it
stands
above
two
Leagues
further
up
the
River
,
and
upon
the
other
side
;
there
is
also
a
little
City
called
Massora
on
the
other
side
the
River
in
the
Land
of
Goshen
,
upon
the
Road
that
leads
to
Caire
,
in
the
place
where
this
second
Arm
divides
it self
from
the
first
.
And
this
is
the
true
situation
of
these
places
,
as
appears
evidently
by
the
Consequences
of
this
History
;
and
that
which
hath
occasioned
so
much
trouble
in
these
matters
,
is
the
confounding
of
these
Names
,
whilst
they
give
to
the
first
of
the
Arms
of
the
Nilus
,
that
of
Rexi
or
Rossette
,
which
at
present
is
the
Name
of
the
Fourth
,
and
was
anciently
called
Canonique
upon
which
Alexandria
stands
,
as
the
second
upon
which
Damiata
was
situate
was
called
the
Tanitique
.
It
was
near
the
Angle
which
the
parting
of
these
two
Armes
of
the
Nilus
,
formed
near
Massora
,
that
the
Sarasins
were
incamped
with
all
their
Forces
,
commanded
by
the
Emir
Secedun
Faroardin
,
the
most
renowned
and
bravest
of
their
Captains
,
to
whom
the
Sultan
Melech-Salah
,
who
was
almost
ready
to
breath
his
last
,
had
intrusted
the
Government
of
all
his
Dominions
,
and
the
Conduct
of
his
Army
against
the
Christians
,
in
expectation
of
the
return
of
his
Son
Almoadam
,
whom
he
had
sent
into
Syria
to
raise
new
Troops
.
The
Kings
Army
which
had
received
a
reinforcement
of
the
Troops
of
the
King
of
Cyprus
,
those
of
the
Prince
of
Achaia
,
of
all
the
Forces
of
the
Templers
and
Hospitallers
,
together
with
those
brought
by
the
Patriarch
,
and
the
Arrierban
of
France
,
which
the
Count
of
Poitiers
had
happily
conducted
to
Damiata
,
consisted
in
sixty
thousand
Men
,
whereof
there
were
twenty
thousand
Horse
;
these
were
as
many
as
were
sufficient
to
have
conquered
the
Realm
of
Egypt
,
if
they
had
been
as
well
disciplined
,
and
as
obedient
to
the
Orders
of
the
King
,
as
they
were
brave
and
resolute
.
But
every
one
was
for
acting
according
to
his
own
Opinion
;
and
St.
Lewis
,
who
together
with
his
Devotion
had
as
much
Courage
and
Resolution
,
as
was
capable
of
making
him
like
a
Hero
desire
to
combate
his
Enemies
without
fear
of
the
greatest
dangers
,
either
had
not
power
or
severity
sufficient
to
make
himself
be
obeyed
,
and
to
cause
the
discipline
of
War
to
be
exactly
observed
.
The
Army
therefore
Marching
over
the
Bellies
of
all
those
who
presented
themselves
to
oppose
them
or
molest
them
in
their
passage
,
and
the
Knights
of
the
Temple
having
cut
in
pieces
five
hundred
Sarasin
Horse
,
who
pretending
to
come
over
to
the
King
,
had
a
design
treacherously
to
surprize
his
Person
,
a
little
before
Christmas
came
to
incamp
in
sight
of
Massora
,
over
against
the
Army
of
the
Sarasins
,
the
River
only
parting
them
,
but
which
could
not
hinder
the
Christians
from
the
Resolution
of
passing
it
,
that
so
they
might
come
to
a
Battle
with
them
.
It
is
certain
that
there
was
commited
a
second
mighty
Error
;
for
whereas
they
ought
to
have
sounded
the
River
above
and
below
to
have
found
some
Ford
,
as
King
Lewis
the
Young
had
done
at
the
Famous
passage
of
the
Meander
,
they
indeavoured
to
make
a
Causway
,
over
this
Arm
of
the
Nile
,
and
to
turn
the
course
of
the
River
,
that
so
they
might
gain
a
free
passage
for
the
Army
.
For
this
purpose
they
built
great
Wooden
Towers
with
several
stories
of
Stages
,
upon
which
the
Crosbows
and
Archers
were
placed
;
there
were
also
Wooden
Castles
,
and
covered
Gallies
built
for
the
defence
of
the
Labourers
;
and
eighteen
Machins
,
the
Invention
of
Josselin
Courvaut
,
a
great
Ingeneer
of
that
time
,
were
framed
in
the
manner
of
a
Counter
Battery
,
to
oppose
six
great
Machins
of
the
Sarasins
,
which
did
terrible
Execution
upon
the
Army
;
but
after
they
had
spent
near
two
Months
in
these
Works
,
with
the
loss
of
a
great
many
Men
,
year
1250
they
found
themselves
no
further
advanced
than
at
the
beginning
;
for
the
Enemies
ruined
more
in
one
day
,
than
could
be
repaired
in
five
,
and
all
the
Machins
were
either
broken
by
their
Slings
,
which
discharged
against
them
stones
of
a
Prodigious
bigness
,
or
else
burnt
by
the
Greek
Wild-fire
,
which
was
discharged
upon
them
in
a
most
dreadful
manner
.
For
these
Fires
which
were
with
an
extreme
violence
thrown
from
a
certain
kind
of
Sling
through
their
Pipes
,
which
were
almost
as
large
as
our
Canons
,
appeared
in
the
Air
like
flaming
Dragons
of
the
bigness
of
a
Barrel
with
a
long
train
like
a
Rocket
,
year
1250
which
making
a
noise
like
thunder
,
and
afterwards
falling
down
,
darted
themselves
against
the
Men
and
the
Engines
with
the
same
impetuosity
,
as
one
shall
see
the
Waves
of
the
Sea
,
during
a
Tempest
,
dash
themselves
one
after
another
against
the
Rocks
which
lie
upon
the
Shoar
;
insomuch
that
nothing
was
able
to
resist
the
furious
outrage
of
this
Fire
,
which
in
a
moment
consumed
whatsoever
it
met
withal
;
so
that
they
now
despaired
of
making
their
passage
by
these
wayes
,
when
chance
presented
them
with
that
which
they
ought
long
before
to
have
found
out
by
their
own
diligence
and
industry
.
For
at
length
the
Constable
Imbert
de
Beaujeu
,
acquainted
the
King
that
an
Arabian
,
who
had
deserted
the
Enemies
,
offered
to
shew
them
a
Ford
something
below
the
place
where
they
were
incamped
,
provided
they
would
give
him
five
hundred
Besants
.
The
Condition
was
immediately
accepted
,
and
the
Arabian
was
assured
of
his
Reward
,
if
his
Promise
proved
true
,
and
thereupon
it
was
resolved
,
trial
having
been
made
,
that
the
next
Morning
,
being
Shrove-Tuesday
,
one
part
of
the
Army
should
pass
the
Ford
,
whilest
the
other
guarded
the
Camp
against
the
Enemies
,
who
had
the
passage
open
on
the
other
side
,
and
thereby
might
fall
upon
them
in
the
Reer
.
The
King
with
the
three
Princes
,
his
Brothers
,
resolved
to
be
of
the
number
of
those
,
who
were
to
pass
the
Ford
,
whilest
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
remained
to
guard
the
Camp
.
The
next
Morning
early
the
Troops
were
divided
into
three
Bodies
;
the
Vanguard
was
given
to
the
Templers
,
Robert
Count
d'
Artois
lead
the
Body
of
the
Battle
,
and
the
third
the
King
reserved
as
the
Reerguard
to
himself
,
commanding
the
Troops
,
as
they
landed
on
the
other
side
,
to
draw
up
in
the
same
manner
.
In
this
Order
they
marched
along
the
River
,
descending
to
the
Ford
,
which
was
found
very
dangerous
and
more
difficult
than
they
believed
,
there
being
in
it
several
places
so
deep
,
that
the
River
being
high
,
they
were
forced
to
swim
.
However
they
passed
it
without
loss
,
in
the
view
of
three
hundred
Horse
,
who
made
shew
as
if
they
would
defend
the
Pass
;
the
Templers
being
in
the
Van
,
according
to
the
King's
Orders
,
drew
up
first
in
Battalia
,
and
stopped
in
expectation
of
the
passage
of
the
rest
.
But
the
Count
d'
Artois
was
no
sooner
got
to
the
other
side
of
the
River
,
but
that
seeing
the
Sarasins
fly
,
he
galloped
in
pursuit
of
them
,
with
his
whole
Brigade
at
full
speed
.
The
Templers
,
who
could
not
indure
to
be
put
out
of
the
Port
,
which
the
King
had
assigned
them
,
cried
out
to
them
to
halt
till
the
rest
of
the
Army
was
drawn
up
,
but
all
was
to
no
purpose
,
in
regard
that
a
stout
old
Knight
,
whose
Name
was
Fouquant
de
Melle
,
to
whom
the
King
had
committed
the
charge
of
the
Count
d'
Artois
,
being
deaf
,
understood
not
what
they
meant
,
but
on
the
contrary
cried
out
with
all
his
might
,
following
the
Count
,
Fall
on
,
Fall
on
,
the
Day
is
our
own
.
Whereupon
the
Templers
losing
all
their
patience
,
and
believing
their
honor
would
suffer
,
if
they
did
not
advance
,
spurred
up
after
the
Count
,
without
staying
till
the
King
was
passed
,
and
charged
with
the
first
,
even
to
the
Camp
of
the
Enemies
over
against
the
Causway
,
in
the
place
where
all
their
Machins
were
,
upon
which
they
instantly
seized
.
But
they
were
not
satisfied
with
this
,
for
seeing
that
those
who
guarded
them
,
being
surprized
with
such
a
brisk
Attacque
,
which
they
did
not
in
the
least
expect
,
fled
towards
Massora
,
they
followed
them
at
full
speed
,
and
passing
after
them
quite
throw
the
Town
,
into
the
Champion
,
upon
the
Way
to
Caire
,
never
considered
the
danger
to
which
they
exposed
themselves
,
of
being
surrounded
by
the
gross
of
the
Army
,
which
advanced
from
the
other
side
of
the
City
,
to
fall
upon
their
Reer
.
And
thereupon
the
Fugitives
perceiving
their
disorder
,
and
the
small
number
of
those
,
who
so
blindly
pursued
them
,
and
seeing
themselves
succoured
by
their
Men
,
who
advanced
to
their
relief
,
they
faced
about
,
and
stopped
the
Pursuers
,
constraining
them
to
think
of
a
retreat
.
But
it
was
now
to
late
,
for
when
they
thought
to
repass
thorough
the
Town
of
Massora
,
they
found
all
the
streets
possessed
,
and
stopped
by
the
Sarasins
,
who
having
surrounded
them
on
every
part
,
and
discharging
upon
them
from
the
houses
,
as
at
a
certain
mark
,
they
were
almost
all
Slain
,
the
Count
d'
Artois
himself
fell
there
also
,
after
he
had
for
a
long
time
defended
himself
in
a
House
which
he
had
gained
and
Barricado'd
against
the
Enemy
,
and
with
him
Raoul
de
Couci
,
and
above
three
hundred
Knights
with
their
Attendants
,
year
1250
as
also
two
hundred
Templers
there
lost
their
lives
,
after
having
made
a
wonderful
Slaughter
among
the
Sarasins
,
both
in
the
Field
and
in
their
Camp
.
The
Great
Master
of
the
Temple
,
who
made
a
shift
to
disingage
himself
from
his
Enemies
,
yet
lost
one
of
his
Eyes
in
the
Encounter
;
and
Peter
,
Duke
of
Bretany
,
with
some
others
who
fought
like
Lions
after
his
Example
,
retreated
from
this
Slaughter
all
covered
with
Wounds
and
Blood
,
which
issued
in
great
quantity
from
his
Mouth
;
the
Seneschal
Joinville
,
and
the
Lords
,
Hugh
de
Trichasteau
,
Peter
de
Neville
,
Raoul
de
Vanon
,
Erard
d'
Esmeray
,
Hugh
of
Scotland
,
Renaud
de
Menoncour
,
and
a
few
more
,
who
were
not
got
over
when
the
Count
ran
upon
the
Enemy
,
were
invested
with
above
six
thousand
Sarasins
,
who
coming
from
all
quarters
charged
them
most
furiously
;
and
after
having
slain
the
Lord
de
Trichasteau
,
and
wounded
almost
all
the
rest
,
they
were
just
upon
the
point
of
taking
them
all
Prisoners
,
when
they
were
stopped
by
the
relief
which
the
Count
d'
Anjon
brought
to
their
assistance
,
and
in
a
moment
after
forced
to
retire
to
the
gross
of
their
Army
,
there
appearing
to
them
a
mighty
Cloud
of
dust
,
which
rise
from
the
Neighbouring
heights
,
from
whence
also
was
to
be
heard
the
fearful
Noise
of
Trumpets
,
Cornets
,
Drums
,
Flutes
and
Fifes
,
mingled
with
the
neighing
of
Horses
,
and
the
shouts
of
War
,
like
those
of
Men
,
who
were
going
to
the
charge
;
which
made
them
imagine
that
all
the
Christian
Army
was
ready
to
fall
upon
them
.
And
in
truth
,
it
was
St.
Lewis
,
who
having
understood
the
disorder
of
his
People
,
was
advancing
to
their
assistance
,
with
all
his
Men
at
Armes
,
and
had
made
a
halt
upon
that
eminence
,
to
give
out
his
Orders
according
to
the
Condition
wherein
he
should
find
his
own
Men
and
the
Enemies
.
There
was
never
any
thing
that
appeared
more
beautiful
and
withal
more
formidable
than
this
Prince
,
so
soon
as
this
Cloud
of
dust
which
covered
him
was
dissipated
.
For
whether
it
were
that
his
charging
Horse
,
was
really
larger
than
any
of
his
Guards
,
or
that
he
raised
himself
upon
his
styrops
,
to
speak
to
his
Men
,
and
to
incourage
them
in
this
dangerous
occasion
,
or
that
God
was
pleased
to
increase
his
Majesty
in
this
great
Day
,
and
to
make
him
appear
taller
than
he
was
,
it
is
certain
,
that
the
Sieur
Joinville
,
who
saw
him
in
this
condition
from
the
plain
where
he
was
,
assures
us
,
that
he
surpassed
all
the
Knights
that
were
about
him
by
the
Head
and
Shoulders
;
it
was
in
this
posture
that
having
his
head
covered
with
a
Golden
Cask
,
a
mighty
German
Sword
in
his
hand
,
his
Shield
upon
his
left
Arm
,
an
assured
countenance
,
and
a
Noble
Fire
sparkling
from
his
Eyes
,
which
pierced
the
hearts
of
his
Souldiers
,
communicating
some
part
of
his
generous
Flames
to
every
one
that
saw
him
,
he
so
animated
his
People
,
that
many
gallant
Men
,
without
staying
for
the
Command
,
flew
to
charge
these
six
thousand
Sarasins
,
who
were
retreating
;
and
they
also
receiving
them
like
Valiant
Men
,
and
,
contrary
to
their
custom
,
Fighting
Foot
to
Foot
,
there
never
was
seen
in
all
these
Wars
a
more
furious
Combate
than
this
,
which
was
maintained
with
mighty
blows
of
the
Sword
,
the
Mace
,
and
Battle
Ax.
The
King
,
who
beheld
this
great
Combate
,
transported
by
a
generous
impatience
to
come
to
blows
,
was
upon
the
point
of
spurring
up
after
his
Men
,
to
throw
himself
into
the
midst
of
his
Enemies
;
but
John
de
Valery
,
one
of
the
wifest
and
most
experienced
Knights
of
his
time
,
remonstrated
to
him
,
that
it
was
not
there
that
the
affair
was
to
be
decided
;
but
that
there
was
a
necessity
to
draw
up
in
Battalia
,
more
to
the
Right
hand
along
by
the
River
,
that
so
he
might
not
be
surrounded
by
the
Enemy
,
who
without
this
precaution
might
easily
fall
upon
his
Rear
;
and
that
also
by
this
means
he
might
receive
succour
from
his
Forces
which
were
on
the
other
side
of
the
River
with
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
who
now
having
no
Enemy
at
their
Head
might
have
time
enough
to
lay
over
a
Bridge
.
And
the
event
presently
shewed
that
this
was
wholesome
advice
.
For
the
Sarasins
,
who
after
the
defeat
of
the
Count
d'
Artois
,
and
the
Templers
no
longer
doubted
of
the
Victory
,
came
all
together
to
attack
the
King
,
whom
they
would
easily
have
encompassed
with
their
innumerable
multitude
,
if
he
had
not
been
secured
by
having
the
River
at
his
back
.
The
Combate
was
long
and
bloody
,
and
the
Enemies
charged
at
first
with
so
much
Vigor
,
and
gave
such
a
furious
Volly
of
Darts
and
Arrows
,
that
many
of
the
Kings
People
believing
all
was
lost
,
year
1250
thought
basely
,
how
to
save
themselves
by
getting
back
again
over
the
River
,
but
with
the
ill
fate
of
Cowards
,
who
commonly
find
their
Death
by
flying
,
they
unhappily
in
their
amazement
mistook
the
Ford
,
and
so
were
drowned
.
But
the
invincible
courage
of
the
King
,
and
the
Heroick
Actions
,
which
upon
this
occasion
he
performed
,
again
established
all
,
and
even
constrained
Fortune
at
last
to
declare
in
favour
of
Vertue
.
For
having
overthrown
the
Enemies
,
and
with
his
Sword
in
his
hand
charged
into
the
thickest
of
their
Battalions
,
he
presently
drew
after
him
,
by
the
greatness
of
the
danger
to
which
he
exposed
himself
,
and
by
his
example
,
all
the
Lords
and
Knights
,
who
were
about
his
Person
,
and
who
all
of
them
shewed
prodigious
effects
of
Valour
,
but
yet
not
comparable
to
those
,
which
this
Noble
King
performed
;
for
being
got
mingled
with
the
thickest
of
his
Enemies
,
at
some
distance
from
his
Men
,
six
of
the
bravest
of
the
Sarasins
fell
upon
him
,
and
laid
hold
of
the
bridle
of
his
Horse
,
to
carry
him
away
by
Force
,
before
he
could
be
rescued
;
but
he
disingaged
himself
from
them
all
by
his
own
single
Valour
;
and
by
the
blows
which
he
bestowed
among
them
,
for
he
overthrew
one
with
his
Buckler
,
and
spurring
his
Horse
against
a
second
,
laid
Horse
and
Man
upon
the
Ground
,
a
third
he
ran
quite
through
the
Body
,
and
with
a
dreadful
reverse
made
the
Head
and
Cask
roll
from
the
shoulders
of
a
fourth
,
and
one
of
them
still
hanging
upon
his
Bridle
he
cut
off
both
his
hands
at
the
wrists
,
and
so
passed
over
the
Bellies
of
them
all
,
still
pursuing
his
point
and
advancing
,
as
resolved
either
to
vanquish
or
to
die
;
so
that
if
it
had
been
a
private
Souldier
,
who
had
so
bravely
acquitted
himself
,
he
must
have
been
esteemed
an
extraordinary
Prodigy
of
Courage
and
Valour
.
These
great
Actions
,
did
so
increase
the
Courage
and
Strength
of
all
his
Men
,
that
after
they
had
for
three
hours
after
Noon
sustained
the
utmost
Efforts
of
so
many
thousands
of
Enemies
,
who
believed
they
should
easily
Triumph
over
so
small
a
Number
,
they
constrained
them
to
recoil
,
and
,
at
last
,
after
they
had
in
vain
attempted
to
regain
their
advantage
,
to
draw
off
towards
the
evening
,
leaving
to
the
Conquerors
their
Machins
and
their
Camp
,
upon
which
the
Count
d'
Artois
had
seized
at
the
beginning
of
this
Famous
Battle
.
The
Slaughter
was
great
both
on
the
one
side
and
the
other
,
but
especially
of
the
Sarasins
,
who
left
among
the
Slain
,
with
which
the
whole
Field
was
covered
,
the
Valiant
Fracardin
their
General
,
and
divers
of
their
Admirals
,
who
were
surprized
and
slain
in
the
Camp
.
The
King
with
those
few
Men
,
who
escaped
this
bloody
Day
,
lodged
himself
near
the
Machins
,
which
had
been
taken
,
and
which
the
brave
Gaucher
de
Chastillon
,
to
whom
the
King
gave
the
Guard
of
them
,
preserved
notwithstanding
all
the
Attempts
which
the
Sarasins
,
who
were
posted
close
by
,
vainly
made
,
under
the
savour
of
the
darkness
,
to
recover
them
.
The
two
following
Days
were
imployed
in
fortifying
the
Camp
,
and
passing
over
the
greatest
part
of
the
Troops
,
which
were
in
the
Duke
of
Burgundy's
Camp
on
the
other
side
the
River
,
and
certainly
this
diligence
was
no
more
than
necessary
;
for
the
King
was
advertised
by
his
Spies
,
upon
the
Thursday
in
the
evening
,
that
he
,
who
succeeded
Fracardin
,
was
resolved
to
attack
the
Camp
the
next
morning
with
their
whole
Army
,
which
had
received
a
great
reinforcement
from
Grand
Caire
.
For
this
new
General
,
whom
the
Sarasins
had
chosen
for
his
extraordinary
Valour
and
admirable
Conduct
,
having
caused
to
be
carried
round
the
Camp
upon
the
top
of
a
Lance
,
the
Coat
of
Arms
of
the
Count
d'
Artois
,
which
was
richly
Embroidered
with
his
Arms
,
the
Flowers
de
Lys
Or
,
caused
it
to
be
Proclaimed
,
that
it
was
the
King
himself
,
who
was
slain
,
and
that
the
Christian
Army
being
in
the
utmost
Consternation
after
the
loss
of
their
King
,
and
so
many
gallant
Men
as
were
slain
in
the
Battle
,
they
ought
to
Attack
them
instantly
in
those
feeble
retrenchments
,
without
giving
them
leisure
to
recover
or
to
save
themselves
.
The
Sarasins
,
who
believed
that
they
were
to
be
led
to
a
certain
Victory
,
and
to
the
Booty
,
rather
than
the
Combate
,
by
their
great
shouts
of
Joy
,
witnessed
,
that
they
were
ready
to
march
against
the
Enemy
;
and
accordingly
it
was
resolved
,
that
they
should
go
the
next
Morning
to
attack
the
Christians
in
their
Camp
.
The
King
,
who
had
received
this
advice
,
made
very
good
use
of
it
;
for
having
disposed
all
things
during
the
Night
for
the
receiving
the
Enemy
,
he
caused
the
Army
to
disloge
about
break
of
Day
,
and
divided
it
into
eight
Bodies
,
year
1250
which
he
placed
in
Battalia
before
the
Retrenchments
,
which
lay
all
along
the
bank
of
the
River
,
the
Army
was
drawn
up
all
upon
one
line
,
that
so
they
might
possess
the
whole
length
of
the
Camp
,
and
make
head
against
the
Enemies
in
all
places
,
if
they
should
attack
them
on
all
sides
at
once
,
as
by
reason
of
their
infinite
multitude
it
might
very
well
be
imagined
they
would
.
The
Count
d'
Anjou
,
who
commanded
the
first
Body
,
was
upon
the
Right
hand
,
above
the
River
,
towards
Caire
;
and
had
a
this
left
,
Guy
d'
Ibelin
the
Constable
,
and
Baldwin
his
Brother
,
High
Steward
of
Cyprus
,
who
lead
the
Auxiliaries
of
that
Kingdom
.
The
Valiant
Gaucher
de
Chastillon
,
followed
with
the
third
Body
,
composed
of
the
brave
Nobility
and
Gentry
of
France
.
William
Sonnac
,
Great
Master
of
the
Temple
,
made
the
fourth
,
with
the
little
remainder
of
his
Knights
.
Gui
de
Malvoisin
,
one
of
the
stoutest
Knights
of
the
Army
,
led
the
fifth
.
The
Earl
of
Flanders
was
with
his
Body
posted
in
the
place
where
the
Retrenchments
turned
towards
the
River
,
to
secure
the
Camp
on
that
side
.
Joinville
,
Seneschal
of
Champagne
was
upon
his
left
,
drawing
down
to
the
River
,
and
the
Count
de
Poitiers
,
who
was
next
him
,
appeared
alone
upon
Horseback
,
at
the
head
of
a
great
Battalion
,
which
made
the
last
of
the
Bodies
,
to
whom
Josserand
de
Brianson
,
who
came
along
with
him
,
joyned
himself
with
twenty
of
his
Knights
,
who
fought
that
Day
on
Foot
:
so
that
the
two
Princes
,
the
Brothers
of
the
King
,
had
the
two
Wings
of
the
Army
.
The
General
of
the
Sarasins
,
who
observed
it
,
and
who
was
a
great
Captain
,
ranged
his
Men
also
according
to
the
order
of
the
Kings
Army
,
and
extended
himself
upon
two
great
lines
,
which
answered
to
the
length
of
the
Retrenchments
.
He
placed
all
his
old
Souldiers
upon
the
first
,
dividing
them
into
so
many
Battalions
,
which
were
sustained
by
his
best
Horse
,
which
were
drawn
up
in
a
separate
Body
before
the
Army
.
All
his
Battalions
were
incomparably
stronger
than
the
Christians
,
and
he
strengthened
them
more
or
less
according
as
he
observed
the
opposite
Battalions
,
which
they
were
to
encounter
,
were
Stronger
or
Weaker
.
For
as
for
Cavalry
the
French
had
but
a
few
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
Horses
having
been
either
killed
or
wounded
in
the
last
ingagement
.
Upon
the
second
Line
he
ranged
an
infinite
number
of
new
Troops
,
which
were
come
to
him
from
Caire
,
and
all
the
upper
Egypt
.
The
Armies
stood
thus
facing
one
another
till
about
Noon
,
when
the
Sarasins
began
to
move
from
all
p
arts
,
and
with
dreadful
shouts
mingled
with
the
sound
of
an
infinite
number
of
Drums
,
Trumpets
,
and
Cornets
,
they
charged
upon
all
the
French
Battalions
all
together
,
with
so
much
Fury
,
that
those
,
who
had
for
a
long
time
been
acquainted
with
the
Wars
in
the
East
,
assure
us
,
that
they
had
never
seen
the
like
in
all
the
Battles
,
wherein
they
had
fought
against
the
Sarasins
.
For
at
the
same
time
that
some
of
them
discharged
their
Darts
and
Arrows
,
in
infinite
Numbers
,
to
disorder
the
Christians
,
the
first
Ranks
of
their
Infantry
,
running
in
to
them
,
threw
from
their
long
Brasen
Pipes
,
their
dreadful
Wild-fire
among
them
to
break
their
Ranks
;
and
at
the
same
time
the
Cavalry
,
which
followed
them
,
indeavoured
to
enter
by
the
breaches
,
which
the
Fire
had
made
,
and
to
hinder
the
Souldiers
while
they
were
buisy
to
secure
themselves
from
the
Wild-fire
,
from
closing
their
ranks
and
getting
into
order
again
.
The
Battalion
of
the
Count
d'
Anjou
which
received
the
first
charge
from
the
left
Wing
of
the
Enemies
,
and
was
at
first
so
disordered
,
that
the
Souldiers
not
being
able
to
rally
again
presently
,
that
Prince
was
in
great
danger
either
to
be
slain
or
taken
by
the
Sarasins
.
The
King
,
who
was
in
the
middle
of
his
Troops
,
to
give
the
necessary
orders
for
all
things
,
being
advertised
of
the
extreme
danger
of
his
Brother
,
did
an
Action
,
which
it
will
be
very
difficult
to
find
one
to
equal
it
,
even
among
the
most
boasted
Actions
,
of
the
so
much
celebrated
Heroes
of
Antiquity
.
For
he
had
no
sooner
received
the
News
,
but
without
deliberating
one
Moment
,
and
without
staying
to
give
out
his
Orders
,
or
even
so
much
as
commanding
any
to
follow
him
,
he
ran
to
his
relief
,
and
spurring
his
Horse
at
full
speed
towards
the
Battalion
of
the
Count
,
breaking
throw
the
Crowd
,
he
threw
himself
with
his
Sword
in
his
hand
,
like
Lighting
into
the
middle
of
the
Sarasins
,
who
were
carrying
off
the
Count
,
wounding
,
overturning
,
and
trampling
under
his
Horses
feet
what
ever
opposed
his
passage
,
laying
about
him
on
both
sides
upon
the
Insidels
with
his
terrible
Sword
,
year
1250
whose
furious
blows
made
Heads
and
Arms
fly
off
at
every
stroak
,
receiving
himself
also
a
thousand
blows
of
the
Sword
and
Mace
upon
his
Cask
and
Shield
;
till
at
last
he
forced
his
passage
through
all
the
Darts
and
Wild-fire
,
which
on
all
sides
were
Lanced
at
him
,
and
came
up
to
his
Brother
and
disingaged
him
from
his
Enemies
.
After
which
being
seconded
by
that
brave
Prince
and
his
Men
,
who
animated
by
the
sight
of
this
Prodigy
of
Valor
,
were
now
become
quite
other
Men
,
he
repulsed
,
routed
,
and
at
length
put
to
flight
the
remainder
of
the
Enemies
,
who
opposed
him
,
after
so
great
an
Action
.
But
that
which
was
still
more
odd
,
was
,
that
the
Count
de
Poitiers
,
his
other
Brother
,
who
fought
upon
the
Left
,
against
the
Right
Wing
of
the
Sarasins
,
had
at
the
same
time
a
Fortune
much
resembling
that
of
the
Count
d'
Anjou
,
but
a
deliverance
from
his
danger
in
a
manner
wholly
different
.
For
the
Enemies
having
overthrown
him
;
as
they
had
done
his
Brother
,
defeated
his
People
,
who
were
all
Infantry
,
and
forced
the
Camp
on
that
side
,
making
the
Count
a
Prisoner
;
they
were
now
leading
him
away
,
without
any
hopes
of
his
being
relieved
by
the
King
,
who
could
not
work
the
Miracle
after
those
others
he
had
done
to
be
present
in
two
places
at
one
time
.
Thereupon
the
Sutlers
,
the
Grooms
,
and
Servants
,
who
were
all
Armed
,
and
even
the
Women
,
who
followed
the
Camp
to
sell
Provisions
,
not
contenting
themselves
to
cry
out
for
help
,
ran
upon
their
Enemies
with
so
much
resolution
and
charged
them
so
furiously
,
the
Men
with
Swords
,
the
Women
with
great
stones
,
that
they
drive
them
out
of
the
Camp
,
and
followed
them
so
closely
still
beating
of
them
,
till
they
came
up
to
those
,
who
were
carrying
away
the
Prince
;
they
presently
caused
them
to
quite
their
Prize
,
and
consult
their
safety
by
running
away
,
and
he
thereupon
instantly
rallying
his
Battalion
,
marched
to
sustain
these
brave
Sutlers
of
the
Camp
.
And
certainly
the
Courage
and
Valor
,
which
so
much
to
their
Honour
they
manifested
upon
this
occasion
,
makes
it
evident
,
that
provided
they
have
heart
and
Resolution
,
the
most
Heroick
Actions
may
sometimes
be
performed
by
all
sorts
of
Persons
,
of
what
Quality
or
Profession
soever
,
nay
,
even
by
the
weaker
sex
,
since
Virtue
makes
no
distinction
among
such
as
follow
her
,
with
equal
Courage
and
Resolution
.
The
Fortune
of
the
Knights
of
the
Temple
was
not
altogether
so
good
;
for
there
being
but
a
few
of
them
left
after
their
defeat
in
Massora
,
and
their
weak
Retrenchments
which
they
had
made
of
the
Planks
,
which
they
had
pulled
off
from
the
Engines
,
which
had
been
taken
from
the
Sarasins
,
being
quickly
burnt
by
the
Greek
Wild-sire
,
they
were
so
overpowered
with
the
multitude
of
their
Enemies
,
that
they
were
almost
all
cut
in
pieces
,
together
with
their
Great
Master
,
who
having
lost
his
Eye
in
the
first
Battle
,
lost
his
Life
also
in
this
second
.
But
at
last
all
the
other
Bodies
were
Victorious
,
and
constrained
their
Enemies
,
after
a
most
bloody
Combate
,
to
retire
and
leave
behind
them
a
great
number
of
their
bravest
Men
dead
upon
the
place
;
and
to
the
Christians
the
Glory
to
have
gained
the
Day
without
Cavalry
,
and
for
the
most
part
without
defensive
Arms
,
in
regard
,
that
the
Wounds
,
which
they
had
received
in
the
first
Battle
,
would
neither
permit
them
to
put
on
their
Curiasses
,
nor
to
indure
to
Fight
on
Horseback
,
and
in
short
to
have
vanquished
them
upon
such
great
disadvantages
,
repulsing
so
many
Horsemen
,
who
were
well
Armed
,
against
whom
they
fought
.
This
was
what
King
Lewis
took
notice
of
to
his
Lords
and
to
the
principal
Officers
of
his
Army
,
thereby
to
raise
their
Courage
and
their
Hope
;
but
nevertheless
the
plain
truth
was
,
that
as
on
the
one
hand
they
did
not
find
themselves
in
a
condition
to
attack
those
Enemies
whom
they
had
with
difficulty
repulsed
;
nor
able
to
force
them
,
so
as
to
March
against
Caire
;
so
on
the
other
,
a
longer
stay
in
the
place
where
they
were
incamped
,
was
but
daily
to
weaken
themselves
,
and
to
give
the
Enemy
the
leisure
to
fortifie
themselves
,
they
ought
therefore
after
these
two
Victories
to
have
retired
to
Damiata
,
and
not
to
have
stayed
so
long
,
till
it
was
impossible
for
them
to
make
a
safe
and
honourable
retreat
.
But
so
it
was
,
that
they
stayed
there
all
the
Lent
;
whilst
in
the
mean
time
the
new
Sultan
Almoadan
Caiatadin
arrived
at
Massora
with
a
puissant
Army
,
which
he
brought
with
him
from
the
East
.
This
redoubled
the
Courage
of
the
Sarasins
,
who
,
to
let
the
Christians
understand
their
Arrival
,
year
1250
received
them
with
all
the
Testimonies
of
rejoycing
.
And
on
the
contrary
all
sorts
of
misfortunes
came
rolling
one
upon
the
neck
of
another
,
to
the
disadvantage
of
the
Christians
,
who
were
not
able
to
guard
themselves
against
them
.
For
the
infection
of
the
dead
Bodies
which
they
had
thrown
into
the
Nile
,
and
which
after
the
breaking
of
their
Galls
,
floated
again
upon
the
Water
,
and
were
stopped
at
the
Bridge
,
which
was
made
for
the
Communication
of
the
two
Camps
,
putrefying
,
infected
the
Air
,
and
filled
the
Camp
with
diseases
;
and
above
all
the
Scurvy
in
that
moist
Country
seized
upon
the
Souldiers
,
insomuch
that
there
was
scarcely
a
Tent
,
wherein
every
Day
there
was
not
found
some
Person
either
Dead
or
Dying
.
The
Vessels
also
which
brought
Provisions
from
Damiata
to
the
Camp
,
by
the
way
of
the
Sea
and
the
River
,
were
all
taken
by
the
Sultan's
Gallies
,
who
possessed
themselves
of
all
the
passages
of
the
Nilus
,
both
above
and
below
.
Two
great
Convoys
also
,
which
came
by
Land
,
were
intirely
defeated
by
great
parties
of
Sarasins
,
who
continually
ranged
the
Campaign
,
to
hinder
any
thing
from
coming
to
the
Army
.
So
that
all
Provisions
being
thus
cut
off
,
abundance
perished
most
miserably
by
Famine
;
and
they
were
reduced
to
feed
upon
certain
Fishes
of
the
Nilus
,
which
being
fed
with
the
putrid
Carcasses
of
the
Slain
,
Poisoned
rather
than
nourished
,
such
as
were
forced
to
live
upon
such
corrupted
food
.
At
last
,
to
compleat
the
Misfortune
,
the
King
himself
was
seized
with
this
Disease
of
the
Camp
,
so
that
in
conclusion
the
Army
after
having
in
vain
so
obstinately
and
long
contested
with
so
many
Evils
,
was
obliged
to
resolve
upon
a
Retreat
,
which
certainly
in
the
condition
wherein
they
were
,
was
impossible
,
and
which
two
Months
before
,
they
might
have
hoped
to
have
done
with
Honour
.
It
is
true
,
that
before
this
there
had
been
some
overtures
of
a
Peace
or
Truce
between
the
Commissioners
of
the
King
,
and
those
of
the
Sultan
,
and
that
it
proceded
so
far
that
the
King
was
to
surrender
Damiata
,
and
that
the
Sultan
also
should
yield
to
the
Christians
all
the
Places
which
he
held
in
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
.
But
it
appeared
plainly
,
that
this
was
not
proposed
by
the
Sultan
,
but
to
amuse
the
King
;
for
he
had
the
confidence
to
demand
that
,
which
there
was
no
probability
that
it
should
ever
be
condescended
unto
,
which
was
that
for
the
security
of
the
Treaty
,
the
Person
of
the
King
should
be
delivered
to
him
as
an
hostage
.
Whereupon
one
of
the
Commissiones
,
Geoffrey
de
Sergines
,
one
of
the
wisest
and
most
Valiant
Knights
of
that
Age
,
briskly
broke
up
the
conference
,
protesting
that
the
French
would
chuse
rather
to
be
cut
all
in
a
thousand
pieces
,
than
to
indure
being
always
subject
to
the
intolerable
reproach
of
having
given
the
King
of
France
for
an
Hostage
,
or
to
owe
their
safety
to
such
a
base
and
detestable
submission
.
It
was
therefore
upon
a
Tuesday
,
the
fifth
of
April
,
that
the
Army
attempted
to
retreat
in
view
of
an
Enemy
,
whose
Forces
were
infinitely
augmented
by
the
conjunction
of
new
Troops
,
which
he
had
received
from
time
to
time
,
from
all
parts
of
his
Empire
.
All
was
done
that
could
possibly
be
represented
to
the
King
to
oblige
him
considering
his
Sickness
,
to
go
before
the
Army
,
and
save
himself
as
did
the
Legate
,
and
divers
Bishops
,
who
went
off
in
a
great
Gally
,
which
breaking
through
the
Sarasins
,
arrived
safe
at
Damiata
.
But
he
constantly
refused
,
protesting
that
he
would
dye
a
thousand
times
,
rather
than
abandon
so
many
Gallant
men
,
who
had
so
generously
exposed
their
Lives
for
his
,
and
the
Service
of
God
.
Thus
by
his
orders
,
they
began
in
the
Evening
to
imbark
the
Sick
and
wounded
upon
those
Vessels
,
which
were
come
up
the
Nilus
,
for
the
Service
of
the
Army
,
when
they
approached
Massora
;
and
for
himself
taking
his
way
by
Land
,
he
put
himself
with
Geoffrey
de
Sergines
,
into
the
Reerguard
,
which
was
led
by
the
brave
Gaucher
de
Chastillon
.
But
certainly
it
was
impossible
,
without
running
the
danger
of
losing
all
,
to
make
a
movement
before
an
Enemy
,
who
was
ten
times
stronger
,
and
who
only
watched
for
this
opportunity
,
to
fall
upon
an
Army
already
half
overthrown
by
Famine
and
Diseases
;
and
in
truth
they
followed
them
so
quickly
,
that
they
had
not
so
much
time
as
to
destroy
the
Bridge
,
but
that
the
Enemy
passed
it
almost
as
soon
as
the
Reerguard
were
got
over
,
whilest
that
a
Party
of
the
Sarasins
falling
into
the
Camp
,
pitilesly
cut
the
throats
of
all
the
Sick
and
Wounded
,
who
waited
upon
the
bank
of
the
River
,
year
1250
for
the
Vessels
that
were
to
take
them
in
.
After
this
there
was
nothing
to
be
seen
throughout
,
but
a
fearful
disorder
,
which
was
followed
by
the
most
intire
and
lamentable
loss
,
that
any
History
ever
gives
a
Relation
of
;
for
on
the
one
part
,
of
all
the
Vessels
which
went
down
the
Nilus
,
to
save
themselves
by
Sea
at
Damiata
,
there
were
only
a
few
Boats
,
which
secured
themselves
under
the
favour
of
the
Legate's
great
Gally
,
which
opened
her
way
by
the
Force
of
her
Oars
;
all
the
rest
were
either
taken
or
burnt
by
the
Saltan's
Fleet
;
and
one
might
hear
the
piteous
cries
of
the
Poor
Sick
Men
,
who
not
being
able
to
throw
themselves
into
the
River
,
to
yield
themselves
to
the
Enemies
by
Swimming
,
were
miserably
consumed
by
the
Flames
,
whilest
the
greatest
part
of
those
who
could
get
out
of
the
burning
Vessels
,
either
perished
in
the
Waters
,
or
were
slain
by
the
Sarasins
.
On
the
other
side
,
those
who
went
by
Land
,
finding
themselves
presently
surrounded
by
an
infinite
multitude
of
Enemies
,
were
so
vigorously
at
tacked
on
all
sides
,
that
after
having
in
vain
done
all
that
was
possible
to
defend
themselves
,
and
to
make
way
through
so
many
Battalions
,
and
Squadrons
,
as
invironed
them
,
they
were
either
all
taken
or
Slain
,
not
so
much
as
one
escaping
.
There
it
was
,
that
Guyde
Chastell
of
the
House
of
Chastillon
,
upon
the
Marne
,
Bishop
of
Soissons
,
a
most
Valiant
Man
,
who
chose
rather
to
die
by
this
kind
of
Martyrdom
in
a
Holy
War
,
than
to
be
taken
Prisoner
,
threw
himself
single
,
his
Sword
in
his
hand
,
into
the
midle
of
a
Squadron
of
Sarasins
,
who
presently
gave
him
that
happy
Death
,
which
he
sought
among
a
thousand
Swords
,
in
Fighting
against
the
Enemies
of
Jesus
Christ
.
The
Greeks
indeed
are
often
used
to
reproach
us
,
that
our
Priests
and
Bishops
make
no
scruple
of
going
to
the
Wars
and
Fighting
contrary
to
the
Canons
,
which
prohibit
them
under
most
rigorous
penalties
,
to
manage
Arms
;
and
I
must
acknowledge
that
there
have
been
great
disorders
in
this
particular
among
us
in
former
Ages
,
and
that
the
Popes
have
frequently
complained
of
it
to
our
Kings
.
But
in
these
times
of
the
Crusades
,
our
Ancestors
believed
well
,
that
the
Canons
did
not
extend
to
these
Holy
Wars
,
to
which
when
the
Ecclesiasticks
had
devoted
themselves
,
by
taking
up
the
Cross
,
as
well
as
the
Laicks
,
it
was
permited
them
to
fight
against
the
Infidels
;
and
esteemed
as
Lawful
as
for
a
Shepherd
,
who
leaves
his
Flock
to
pursue
the
Wolves
if
he
can
to
kill
them
.
Neither
was
it
known
that
for
this
they
ever
abstained
from
the
exercise
of
their
sacred
Function
;
witness
the
Valiant
Chaplain
of
the
Lord
de
Joinville
.
He
was
a
Priest
and
constantly
officiated
for
his
Master
,
but
that
nevertheless
did
not
hinder
him
,
but
that
Armed
with
a
Curiass
,
and
his
Head
covered
with
an
Iron
Cask
,
his
Sword
in
his
hand
,
he
went
and
attacked
six
Captains
of
the
Sarasins
singly
,
in
the
sight
of
both
the
Armies
,
and
beat
them
all
,
to
the
admiration
of
all
the
beholders
,
who
could
not
but
praise
his
Courage
,
and
his
bravery
.
This
makes
it
clear
,
that
the
Canons
and
the
Councils
,
which
are
the
Laws
of
the
Church
,
ought
to
be
taken
and
interpreted
according
to
the
usage
which
they
permit
or
tolerate
.
However
it
be
,
the
Bishop
of
Soissons
,
believed
that
inexposing
himself
in
this
manner
to
a
certain
Death
,
he
should
acquire
a
Crown
of
Immortality
,
both
in
fame
upon
Earth
and
in
Heaven
;
nor
ought
it
reasonably
to
be
doubted
but
that
he
did
.
At
the
same
time
Gaucher
de
Chastillon
,
his
kinsman
,
who
Commanded
the
Reer-guard
,
performed
an
Action
of
the
like
extraordinary
Merit
,
and
which
deserves
the
Honor
of
Posterity
,
the
Recompence
of
Heroick
Actions
,
of
which
it
may
be
,
his
was
one
of
the
greatest
that
was
ever
done
.
For
having
posted
himself
the
last
Man
,
in
a
narrow
passage
,
through
which
the
King
was
to
go
,
to
gain
a
little
Village
called
Kasel
;
he
alone
for
a
long
time
sustained
the
shock
of
all
the
Sarasins
,
upon
whom
,
facing
about
,
he
threw
himself
like
Lightning
,
killing
and
slaying
,
all
those
whom
he
could
overtake
;
and
then
,
after
he
had
pursued
them
a
while
,
making
his
retreat
,
whilest
he
received
their
Arrows
and
their
Darts
,
upon
his
Shield
,
his
Curiass
,
and
his
Body
,
which
was
all
bristled
with
them
,
he
would
return
again
upon
his
Enemies
with
greater
fury
than
before
,
and
every
time
as
he
charged
,
raising
himself
upon
his
Styrrops
,
he
cried
amain
,
Follow
Chastillon
,
Follow
Chastillon
,
my
Noble
Knights
!
Where
are
all
our
gallant
Men
?
And
thus
he
maintained
continually
this
strange
kind
of
Combate
,
wherein
he
was
singly
against
them
all
,
year
1250
till
such
time
as
being
oppressed
with
the
throng
of
his
Enemies
,
who
yet
were
not
able
to
dismount
him
,
they
wounded
him
with
a
thousand
Swords
and
Javelins
,
and
at
last
cut
of
his
head
,
as
he
still
sate
upon
Horseback
.
Thus
heroically
died
this
brave
Lord
,
in
the
eight
and
twentieth
year
of
his
Age
,
sacrificing
so
great
a
Life
,
worthy
of
a
much
better
destiny
,
with
so
much
Courage
for
the
safety
of
the
whole
Army
,
which
nevertheless
he
could
not
save
by
his
glorious
Death
.
For
this
Obstacle
being
removed
,
the
Sarasins
pursued
their
Victory
so
eagerly
,
that
they
came
up
even
to
the
Person
of
the
King
,
whom
the
Faithful
and
Valiant
Geoffrey
de
Sergines
covered
with
his
Body
,
and
with
his
Sword
in
his
hand
,
made
those
stand
further
off
,
who
had
the
considence
to
approach
him
.
But
in
conclusion
,
all
that
they
could
do
,
whilest
they
did
to
no
purpose
perform
the
bravest
Actions
in
the
World
,
was
to
Conduct
the
King
into
Kasel
,
and
it
being
impossible
there
to
defend
him
against
the
whole
Army
of
the
Sarasins
,
which
had
already
inclosed
the
rest
of
the
Troops
,
and
the
Life
of
the
King
being
in
great
danger
,
who
was
reduced
to
that
condition
by
his
Sickness
,
that
he
seemed
to
be
in
the
last
extremity
,
a
Herauld
,
either
of
his
own
accord
,
or
by
order
,
having
Proclaimed
that
they
should
lay
down
their
Arms
,
and
not
expose
the
Life
of
the
King
,
all
yielded
,
and
submitted
themselves
to
the
discretion
of
these
Barbarians
,
who
did
not
fail
accordingly
to
make
a
most
Barbarous
use
of
their
Victory
.
For
immediately
,
without
Mercy
or
Compassion
,
they
cut
the
throats
of
all
the
Sick
and
Wounded
,
which
they
found
in
the
Army
;
and
then
having
separated
all
the
Persons
of
Quality
,
the
Captains
and
Officers
,
from
the
private
Souldiers
,
and
the
Servants
,
they
did
upon
the
spot
,
cut
of
the
heads
of
all
the
last
,
who
had
the
constancy
to
refuse
renouncing
of
Jesus
Christ
,
making
so
many
Martyrs
,
as
there
were
Christians
thus
brutishly
Murdered
.
As
for
the
Persons
of
Quality
,
who
were
Prisoners
,
the
Covetousness
of
the
Infidels
prevailing
over
their
Cruelty
,
they
spared
their
Lives
,
in
hopes
to
draw
from
them
,
considerable
Sums
of
Money
for
their
Ransoms
:
but
they
treated
them
in
their
Imprisonment
in
a
worse
manner
,
than
the
most
unfortunate
Slaves
are
wont
to
be
used
among
Christians
;
and
that
they
might
make
them
suffer
in
their
Souls
as
well
as
Bodies
,
they
vented
before
them
a
thousand
Blasphemies
,
and
committed
a
thousand
outrages
against
the
Cross
,
thereby
to
dishonour
that
adorable
God
and
Man
,
who
was
Crucified
upon
it
.
And
that
which
was
most
surprizing
in
this
Rencountre
,
and
which
ought
to
serve
the
Christians
with
an
excellent
instruction
,
which
God
was
pleased
to
give
them
from
the
Mouth
of
one
of
these
Barbarians
,
which
will
one
day
confound
them
,
if
they
do
not
change
their
superstitious
sentiments
,
was
,
That
an
old
Sarasin
Lord
,
who
,
by
the
richness
of
his
habiliments
,
and
by
the
great
train
of
Armed
young
Sarasins
,
who
accompanied
him
,
appeared
to
be
a
Person
of
the
first
quality
among
the
Infidels
,
coming
into
the
Pavilion
,
where
most
of
the
Lords
were
put
,
gravely
demanded
of
them
by
an
Interpreter
,
if
they
believed
really
that
their
God
was
made
Man
,
and
that
he
had
suffered
Death
for
them
upon
the
Cross
,
and
that
he
was
raised
from
the
Dead
after
three
Days
?
All
the
Lords
,
who
believed
they
should
instantly
be
made
Martyrs
,
upon
their
frank
confession
of
Jesus
Christ
,
answered
with
one
Voice
,
and
without
the
least
hesitation
,
That
this
was
their
firm
belief
.
If
it
be
so
Messieurs
,
replied
the
Wise
Sarasin
,
comfort
your selves
in
your
Affliction
,
you
have
not
yet
suffered
Death
for
your
God
as
he
hath
done
for
you
;
and
since
he
had
the
Power
to
raïse
himself
again
,
you
ought
also
to
believe
,
that
having
had
so
much
kindness
for
you
,
and
having
so
much
Power
,
he
will
very
speedily
deliver
you
out
of
your
Captivity
and
Misfortunes
.
And
thereupon
without
saying
any
more
he
instantly
withdrew
.
And
in
truth
he
could
not
have
said
a
greater
thing
.
For
certainly
it
is
all
that
can
be
said
to
Christians
,
to
give
them
the
strongest
and
most
solid
consolation
,
in
the
greatest
of
all
adversities
,
which
may
befal
them
,
in
this
Mortal
State
.
And
this
was
it
without
doubt
this
admirable
thought
,
in
which
Lewis
had
been
long
confirmed
,
and
from
whence
this
Holy
King
drew
that
incomparable
constancy
of
Mind
,
which
made
him
appear
greater
in
this
Gulph
of
his
Misfortunes
,
into
which
he
was
plunged
,
than
ever
he
had
appeared
upon
his
Throne
in
France
,
in
the
fairest
day
of
his
Triumphs
,
after
so
many
Victories
as
had
laid
all
his
Enemies
under
his
Feet
.
year
1250
The
first
thing
which
he
did
,
after
he
was
come
out
of
the
long
Swound
,
into
which
his
weakness
and
the
pain
of
his
Disease
had
thrown
him
,
and
in
which
it
was
thought
he
would
have
expired
,
was
to
ask
of
one
of
his
Chaplains
for
the
Book
of
his
Prayers
,
which
he
presently
said
for
that
day
,
with
the
same
Peace
and
Tranquility
,
that
by
custom
he
had
acquired
,
as
if
he
had
been
in
his
Oratory
at
Paris
.
He
praised
God
with
all
his
Soul
,
that
he
was
found
worthy
to
suffer
for
his
sake
,
and
resolved
that
he
would
do
nothing
for
his
deliverance
to
the
prejudice
of
his
Honor
or
his
Conscience
,
or
disadvantageous
either
to
his
Realm
,
or
to
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
in
the
East
.
It
is
true
that
at
first
the
Sultan
,
either
that
he
was
moved
with
Compassion
for
the
miserable
condition
,
to
which
he
saw
so
great
a
Prince
reduced
,
or
rather
that
he
feared
to
lose
his
Ransom
,
treated
the
King
with
great
Humanity
,
and
gave
Order
that
he
should
be
served
with
all
manner
of
Care
and
Honor
,
sending
to
him
the
most
able
of
his
Physicians
,
who
being
acquainted
with
the
Nature
of
the
Malady
,
with
which
he
was
afflicted
,
in
a
few
days
put
him
into
a
condition
quite
out
of
danger
.
But
the
Infidel
soon
returned
to
his
own
Natural
Barbarity
,
and
seeing
that
the
King
constantly
refused
to
surrender
any
of
those
places
,
which
the
Christians
held
in
Syria
and
in
Palestine
,
he
suffered
himself
to
be
so
brutishly
transported
as
to
threaten
to
put
him
to
the
Bernacles
,
which
was
a
kind
of
most
cruel
Torture
,
which
the
Sarasins
made
use
of
to
Torment
their
Enemies
,
or
their
Criminals
withal
,
by
dislocation
of
all
their
Bones
.
But
when
he
saw
that
this
admirable
Prince
received
all
his
Menaces
with
a
generous
disdain
,
and
without
Emotion
;
and
that
he
remained
fixed
in
his
first
Resolution
,
he
treated
him
more
reasonably
,
and
caused
it
to
be
demanded
of
him
,
whether
besides
Damiata
,
he
would
give
a
Million
of
Bysances
of
Gold
for
his
Ransom
.
The
Lord
Joinville
reduceth
it
in
his
History
to
five
hundred
thousand
Livres
,
which
in
my
Opinion
,
ought
to
be
understood
of
so
many
Crowns
in
Gold
,
for
there
is
no
manner
of
probability
,
that
a
Bysance
of
Gold
,
which
was
a
considerable
Price
,
as
appears
in
all
Historians
,
should
be
of
no
greater
value
,
than
six
pence
of
our
Money
.
To
this
the
King
answered
instantly
,
with
a
Marvellous
greatness
of
Soul
,
that
he
would
give
that
Million
for
the
Ransom
of
the
Prisoners
,
and
Damiata
for
his
own
,
in
regard
,
he
said
,
it
was
dishonourable
for
a
King
of
France
,
to
buy
himself
with
Silver
.
This
so
surprized
the
Sultan
,
who
like
a
Merchant
had
demanded
much
more
than
he
thought
ought
to
be
given
,
to
come
at
last
to
the
finishing
of
a
bargain
,
that
he
cried
out
,
that
the
French
King
was
too
Free
and
Generous
,
so
soon
to
agree
to
pay
so
great
a
Sum
,
upon
the
first
demand
,
and
that
he
would
quit
him
of
one
hundred
thousand
,
and
content
himself
with
four
of
the
five
hundred
thousand
Livres
.
Thus
the
Treaty
was
quickly
concluded
,
by
which
it
was
agreed
,
That
there
should
be
a
Truce
for
ten
Years
;
That
all
the
Prisoners
which
had
been
taken
on
either
side
in
Egypt
or
in
Syria
,
as
well
those
which
had
been
taken
since
the
Truce
,
which
the
Emperor
Frederick
had
made
with
Sultan
Meledin
,
as
those
which
had
been
taken
since
the
Arrival
of
the
King
in
Egypt
,
should
be
set
at
Liberty
;
That
the
Christians
should
peaceably
possess
all
the
places
which
they
held
in
Palestine
and
Syria
;
That
the
King
should
pay
eight
hundred
thousand
Bysances
of
Gold
,
for
the
Ransom
of
all
the
Prisoners
,
and
surrender
Damiata
to
the
Sultan
for
his
own
;
That
all
the
moveables
which
the
King
,
the
Princes
,
the
Lords
,
and
in
general
all
the
Christians
,
should
leave
in
Damiata
,
should
be
there
secured
by
a
Guard
from
the
Sultan
,
till
such
time
as
the
King
should
send
shipping
to
transport
them
whither
he
pleased
;
That
all
the
Sick
,
and
those
who
had
any
Affairs
at
Damiata
,
might
remain
there
in
safety
,
till
they
were
in
a
condition
to
be
removed
;
And
that
then
they
might
with
Freedom
retire
whither
they
should
please
;
And
that
the
Sultan
should
give
those
,
who
went
by
Land
,
a
Convoy
,
until
they
arrived
at
some
place
in
the
Possession
of
the
Christians
.
This
being
agreed
,
the
Sultan
sent
to
the
King
the
two
Counts
,
his
Brothers
,
all
the
Princes
and
Great
Lords
upon
four
Gallies
,
which
fell
down
the
River
to
a
certain
Place
,
where
there
was
a
Wooden
Palace
,
built
for
the
Sultan
,
upon
the
Bank
of
the
River
,
and
a
Magnificent
Tent
erected
,
where
the
King
and
this
Prince
had
an
interview
,
in
the
beginning
of
May
,
about
a
Week
before
Ascension
Day
;
where
after
having
reciprocally
confirmed
the
Treaty
,
year
1250
the
King
promised
the
Sultan
,
that
within
three
days
he
would
surrender
Damiata
to
him
:
Insomuch
that
now
there
seemed
to
be
nothing
which
might
hinder
or
retard
the
Liberty
of
the
King
,
when
upon
a
suddain
their
happened
a
strange
Revolution
in
Egypt
,
which
overturned
all
;
and
as
an
unexpected
Tempest
happening
at
Sea
,
forces
out
a
Ship
when
she
is
just
ready
to
drop
her
Anchor
,
and
happily
to
enter
into
the
Port
,
so
this
unforeseen
Accident
,
which
in
a
moment
changed
the
Face
of
Affairs
,
ruined
all
the
fair
hopes
of
the
approaching
deliverance
of
the
King
,
and
did
not
only
plunge
him
again
into
the
same
Afflictions
,
but
put
him
into
the
manifest
danger
of
losing
both
his
Liberty
and
his
Life
.
The
manner
of
this
change
was
thus
.
The
Sultans
of
Egypt
had
for
their
Guard
a
great
Body
of
Militia
,
of
ten
or
twelve
thousand
Choice
Men
,
much
like
which
we
have
since
seen
,
and
which
to
this
day
continues
among
the
Turks
,
composed
of
Tribute
Children
,
of
which
those
who
are
looked
upon
as
most
proper
to
be
made
Souldiers
,
are
instructed
in
Military
Discipline
,
and
inrolled
among
the
Guards
of
the
Prince
,
which
are
called
Janizaries
.
For
the
Sultans
caused
to
be
bought
in
Europe
and
Asia
,
and
especially
in
the
Countries
which
lie
between
the
Euxin
Sea
,
the
River
Tanais
,
and
the
Caspian
Sea
,
and
in
the
greater
Armenia
,
great
numbers
of
Slaves
,
and
reserving
the
lustiest
young
men
,
and
the
Children
of
those
who
were
born
to
these
Slaves
in
Egypt
,
after
having
caused
them
to
be
carefully
instructed
in
all
Military
Skill
,
they
placed
them
into
this
Body
of
Souldiers
of
their
Guards
,
which
were
called
Mamalukes
,
which
in
their
Language
signifies
Servant
or
Slave
,
and
in
regard
that
they
were
bought
with
the
Sultan's
money
,
and
knew
no
other
Master
,
they
were
intirely
at
his
devotion
.
And
according
as
these
Mamalukes
made
themselves
considerable
by
their
gallant
Actions
,
they
were
advanced
in
their
Charges
,
and
made
either
Captains
of
Troops
,
or
Governours
of
Cities
and
Provinces
,
which
in
the
Arabian
Language
were
called
Amir
,
or
Emir
,
and
which
the
Writers
of
those
Times
have
expressed
by
the
Term
of
Admiral
,
which
we
have
borrowed
from
the
Sarasins
;
and
it
is
fit
to
advertise
the
Reader
,
that
one
of
our
Writers
,
hath
had
the
confidence
to
affirm
,
that
we
make
use
of
that
word
upon
this
occasion
,
out
of
Ignorance
;
when
in
truth
,
he
himself
was
ignorant
of
the
true
Original
of
the
Word
,
and
was
not
acquainted
,
that
all
the
Learned
World
have
constantly
used
it
in
this
sence
,
giving
indifferently
to
these
sort
of
Persons
the
Title
of
Emir
,
Amir
,
or
,
as
it
is
expressed
in
Latin
,
Admiral
,
as
in
the
Greek
also
,
as
may
be
seen
in
all
the
Historians
of
those
Times
.
But
it
was
ever
thus
,
that
they
who
see
the
least
are
the
most
confident
in
pronouncing
their
decisive
opinion
;
for
having
but
a
short
sight
,
which
yet
in
their
opinion
is
very
good
,
they
have
not
so
much
as
the
Art
of
thinking
or
doubting
there
may
be
something
which
at
present
they
either
do
not
discover
,
or
cannot
see
.
Now
the
last
of
the
Sultans
,
taking
notice
of
this
powerful
Body
of
these
Mamalukes
,
who
were
the
bravest
Souldiers
of
the
East
,
began
to
stand
in
fear
of
their
Captains
;
and
for
this
reason
,
when
any
one
of
them
grew
Rich
,
or
very
considerable
for
some
great
Action
,
they
did
not
fail
under
some
pretext
or
other
to
take
them
out
of
the
way
of
their
Jealousie
;
thus
the
deceased
Sultan
Mclech-Salah-Nayem-Addin
,
put
to
death
the
Admirals
,
who
at
the
Battle
of
Gaza
had
taken
the
Counts
de
Bar
and
Montfort
.
His
Son
Almoadam
Gaiat-Addin
returning
from
the
East
to
take
possession
of
his
Empire
,
had
at
his
first
coming
to
the
Crown
,
by
this
wicked
and
to
him
unfortunate
Policy
,
taken
the
Principal
Charges
from
all
the
Ancient
Admirals
,
the
Captains
of
the
Mamalukes
,
and
had
conferred
them
upon
those
Strangers
,
whom
he
brought
along
with
him
into
Egypt
.
This
did
so
furiously
provoke
the
Captains
against
him
,
that
fearing
,
lest
being
now
so
firmly
established
by
his
Victory
over
the
French
Army
,
and
the
recovery
of
Damiata
,
he
should
follow
the
Example
of
his
Father
,
and
put
them
to
Death
;
they
resolved
to
be
beforehand
with
him
,
and
to
cause
him
to
be
slain
by
the
Mamalukes
,
who
they
were
assured
were
at
their
devotion
;
and
accordingly
the
next
day
,
after
he
had
conferred
with
St.
Lewis
,
his
own
Guards
set
upon
him
just
as
he
rose
from
the
Table
after
dinner
,
and
when
he
indeavoured
to
save
himself
in
the
highest
of
the
three
Towers
,
year
1250
which
were
in
this
Wooden
Palace
,
which
had
been
built
upon
the
bank
of
the
Nilus
,
they
set
it
on
fire
,
and
constrained
him
to
throw
himself
half
burnt
into
the
River
,
where
he
was
pursued
by
the
furious
Mutineers
,
who
murdered
him
close
by
the
Gally
where
the
Seneschal
of
Champagne
was
,
who
from
thence
beheld
this
horrible
Execution
.
After
which
,
one
of
these
Executioners
having
pulled
out
the
heart
of
this
miserable
Sultan
,
had
the
brutish
impudence
to
enter
into
the
King's
Tent
,
and
in
shewing
it
to
him
,
to
say
,
What
wilt
thou
give
me
as
a
reward
for
having
slain
thine
Enemy
,
who
,
if
he
had
lived
,
would
have
done
the
same
to
thee
?
To
which
St
Lewis
made
no
other
reply
,
but
by
a
Look
,
which
made
him
know
,
that
he
had
a
horror
for
this
execrable
Parricide
.
At
the
same
time
the
greatest
part
of
these
Murderers
,
following
the
Admirals
,
entred
like
so
many
unchained
Furies
,
with
horrible
Cries
,
and
dreadful
Menaces
,
their
Eyes
sparkling
with
rage
and
fury
,
and
with
frightful
Countenances
,
in
which
was
painted
the
lively
Image
of
their
Crime
,
they
all
together
presented
the
points
of
their
naked
Swords
to
the
Throat
and
Breast
of
this
admirable
Prince
;
who
without
the
least
sign
of
astonishment
,
and
without
losing
any
thing
of
that
Royal
Air
which
inspires
the
most
barbarous
Persons
with
respect
for
Sacred
Majesty
,
appeared
so
resolute
,
and
easie
in
the
middle
of
these
Savage
Beasts
,
as
if
he
had
been
among
his
Barons
.
And
whether
it
pleased
God
,
who
governs
all
hearts
,
suddainly
to
sweeten
those
of
the
Barbarians
,
and
to
calm
the
storm
of
their
sury
;
or
that
these
Admirals
were
unwilling
to
lose
the
benefit
of
their
Crimes
,
by
losing
the
Ransom
of
the
King
,
which
they
might
divide
among
themselves
,
they
proceeded
no
further
than
to
Menaces
,
thereby
to
oblige
him
immediately
to
ratifie
the
Treaty
which
he
had
made
,
and
presently
to
put
Damiata
into
their
hands
.
At
the
same
instant
their
Companions
,
who
acted
by
agreement
with
them
,
used
the
Princes
and
the
Lords
,
who
were
aboard
the
Gallies
,
at
the
same
rate
;
so
that
they
believing
,
when
they
saw
them
come
rushing
in
upon
them
with
their
Swords
in
their
hands
,
that
they
should
all
be
presently
butchered
by
the
Infidels
,
they
all
fell
upon
their
knees
to
confess
themselves
to
an
Ecclesiastick
,
who
belonged
to
the
Earl
of
Flanders
.
The
Sire
de
Joinville
saith
,
that
as
he
was
holding
his
neck
ready
for
these
hangmen
.
The
Steward
of
Cyprus
Gui
d'
Ibelin
,
who
believed
also
that
he
was
going
to
Execution
,
confessed
himself
honestly
to
him
;
and
he
adds
very
ingeniously
,
that
in
good
faith
he
gave
him
the
best
Absolution
that
he
could
,
giving
him
all
that
God
had
given
him
power
to
give
;
but
tells
us
that
he
could
never
remember
one
word
of
what
the
Cypriote
confessed
,
so
was
he
prepossessed
,
and
taken
up
with
the
thoughts
of
that
death
which
he
saw
present
before
his
Eyes
.
But
all
this
was
done
by
the
Emirs
for
no
other
reason
,
but
to
gain
by
these
Menaces
,
the
present
ratification
of
the
Treaty
,
which
lay
close
to
their
hearts
in
consideration
of
that
great
Sum
of
Money
which
they
hoped
to
get
before
there
should
be
a
new
Sultan
.
The
King
,
who
had
resolved
to
surrender
Damiata
for
his
Ransom
,
in
regard
that
he
found
by
the
Opinion
of
all
the
Lords
of
his
Council
,
that
it
was
absolutely
impossible
to
keep
it
in
the
condition
wherein
his
Affairs
then
stood
,
answered
coolly
to
the
Admirals
,
that
what
he
had
once
agreed
ought
to
be
unchangeable
,
and
that
he
was
ready
to
renew
the
Treaty
with
them
,
which
he
had
before
made
with
the
Sultan
.
Whereupon
it
was
again
concluded
upon
the
same
conditions
on
one
side
and
the
other
,
only
with
this
addition
,
That
before
the
King
parted
from
the
River
,
he
should
pay
two
hundred
thousand
Livres
to
the
Admirals
;
That
the
Count
de
Poitiers
should
remain
their
Prisoner
at
Damiata
,
till
the
whole
was
paid
;
That
for
the
security
of
the
payment
of
two
hundred
thousand
Livres
more
,
they
should
keep
the
Sick
,
the
Munitions
,
the
Arms
,
and
the
Machins
,
till
such
time
as
the
King
should
discharge
this
Sum
in
the
City
of
Acre
.
There
remained
nothing
now
to
be
done
,
but
to
confirm
this
Treaty
by
a
Solemn
Oath
on
the
one
part
and
the
other
,
as
the
Admirals
desired
.
They
made
theirs
in
the
strongest
terms
,
in
which
it
could
be
made
according
to
their
Law
;
but
when
according
to
the
Counsel
which
was
given
them
by
some
Renegado's
,
they
would
have
imposed
upon
the
King
a
dreadful
Oath
,
conceived
in
these
Terms
,
That
in
case
he
should
fail
in
the
accomplishment
of
his
Promises
,
he
would
be
reputed
perjured
;
as
a
Christian
who
had
renounced
his
God
,
his
Baptisme
,
and
his
Gospel
;
and
as
one
that
in
despight
of
God
had
spit
upon
the
Cross
,
and
trampled
it
under
his
Feet
;
year
1250
he
had
such
a
horror
for
these
fearful
Expressions
,
that
he
protested
he
would
sooner
lose
his
Life
than
wound
his
Conscience
by
taking
such
an
Oath
.
There
were
however
learned
men
,
and
Persons
of
Authority
,
who
maintained
that
he
might
with
a
safe
Conscience
take
it
,
provided
,
that
he
was
resolved
to
perform
in
reallity
all
that
he
should
promise
.
The
Patriarch
of
Jerusalem
also
,
whom
the
Admirals
had
already
caused
to
be
tied
to
a
Stake
to
torment
him
,
because
they
believed
that
it
was
he
who
had
put
this
Scruple
into
the
King's
mind
,
cried
out
to
him
,
that
he
should
boldly
take
the
Oath
,
and
that
he
would
be
answerable
for
,
all
that
was
criminal
in
it
;
so
did
likewise
one
Master
Nicholas
an
Inhabitant
of
the
City
of
Acre
,
who
was
very
much
esteemed
by
the
Sarasins
,
in
whose
Customs
and
Language
he
was
very
skilful
,
and
of
whom
they
made
use
in
such
occasions
,
as
his
industry
might
be
serviceable
to
them
;
and
he
told
the
King
plainly
,
to
perswade
him
to
it
,
that
if
he
did
not
take
this
Oath
,
the
Infidels
were
resolved
to
cut
off
his
Head
,
and
those
of
all
the
other
Prisoners
.
But
all
this
was
not
able
to
shake
the
constancy
of
St.
Lewis
,
who
would
by
no
means
expose
himself
to
the
danger
of
committing
what
he
thought
so
black
a
Crime
;
but
answered
,
with
an
admirable
resolution
,
That
they
might
do
what
they
pleased
,
as
for
his
own
particular
,
he
would
never
do
a
thing
of
that
Nature
,
which
was
against
his
Conscience
.
Whereupon
the
Emirs
,
admiring
the
greatness
of
his
Soul
,
were
so
far
from
doing
him
any
outrage
,
that
they
submitted
with
respect
,
and
receiving
Law
from
him
,
satisfied
themselves
with
such
an
Oath
as
he
was
pleased
to
take
.
This
shews
us
with
how
little
light
of
Judgment
and
Integrity
,
the
Protestant
John
de
Serres
,
hath
in
his
History
recorded
,
as
an
undoubted
Truth
,
one
of
the
most
improbable
Fables
that
ever
was
invented
,
when
he
tells
us
that
St.
Lewis
for
the
security
of
his
Promises
pawned
to
these
Emirs
the
Box
wherein
it
was
kept
,
and
the
Sacrament
of
the
Eucharist
.
For
what
appearance
is
there
that
this
Holy
King
,
who
chose
rather
to
die
than
to
take
an
Oath
,
which
he
believed
was
contrary
to
the
Law
of
God
,
although
he
was
assured
that
he
might
do
it
with
a
safe
Conscience
,
would
thus
throw
Pearls
before
Swine
,
and
deliver
Jesus
Christ
himself
,
whom
he
believed
by
a
faith
so
lively
to
be
present
under
the
Species
of
that
adorable
Sacrament
,
and
like
Judas
put
him
once
again
into
the
hands
of
his
mortal
Enemies
,
to
be
exposed
to
those
Outrages
and
Indignities
which
they
might
offer
.
And
in
reality
with
all
my
search
I
could
never
find
,
nor
can
there
one
single
witness
be
produced
of
such
an
Extraordinary
Action
,
nor
among
all
the
Authors
of
that
time
,
any
one
Writer
be
found
,
who
hath
said
the
least
thing
upon
which
it
is
possible
to
lay
the
Foundation
of
such
a
groundless
Calumny
.
The
Pledges
which
St.
Lewis
gave
for
the
security
of
the
two
payments
,
are
positively
told
us
.
Alphonsus
,
Count
de
Poitiers
his
Brother
,
for
the
first
;
all
the
Sick
,
all
the
Munitions
and
Engins
for
the
second
;
that
there
is
neither
necessity
,
room
,
nor
one
word
concerning
the
Holy
Sacrament
.
How
then
can
he
dare
to
assure
us
that
St.
Lewis
left
it
in
pawn
with
the
Barbarians
?
A
Modern
Writer
ought
to
say
nothing
of
the
Ages
past
,
but
upon
good
Warranty
from
the
Records
of
those
Times
for
what
he
writes
;
for
otherwise
he
is
so
far
from
being
a
good
Historian
,
that
he
becomes
a
paltry
Romancer
and
Inventer
of
Fictions
.
And
herein
du
Haillan
is
excusable
,
who
having
given
this
Account
in
a
few
words
,
adds
very
honestly
,
that
there
is
no
certainty
of
this
Story
.
And
the
Continuator
of
William
of
Tyre
,
Heroldus
,
another
Protestant
,
is
much
an
honester
man
,
when
he
tells
us
plainly
,
that
all
this
is
a
meer
Fable
,
which
hath
been
raised
upon
an
ill
grounded
conjecture
,
as
many
learned
Persons
have
observed
;
For
by
reason
that
after
this
the
Egyptians
caused
a
Chalice
with
the
Hostia
,
to
be
represented
upon
their
Money
,
their
Tapistry
hangings
,
and
their
Publick
Buildings
,
some
have
conjectured
,
that
the
reason
was
in
commemoration
,
that
St.
Lewis
had
left
there
the
Ciboir
or
Box
,
and
the
consecrated
Hostia
:
But
from
whence
can
one
draw
this
untoward
consequence
?
or
is
it
therefore
that
conjectures
,
and
such
feeble
conjectures
as
this
must
be
imposed
upon
us
for
Truths
in
Fact
,
that
men
take
the
liberty
to
publish
them
,
as
things
of
the
greatest
certainty
?
If
conjectures
be
of
any
value
,
it
is
more
reasonable
and
natural
to
say
,
That
the
Egyptians
did
this
,
as
in
Triumph
,
and
that
these
were
the
Publick
Trophies
and
Marks
of
the
Victory
,
year
1250
which
in
defeating
the
Christian
Army
,
they
believed
they
had
gained
against
the
God
of
the
Christians
,
who
was
adored
in
the
Eucharist
,
and
to
whom
they
knew
very
well
that
St
Lewis
did
most
assiduously
pay
his
duty
with
an
infinite
respect
.
And
this
is
the
more
credible
,
in
regard
that
this
great
Prince
after
his
return
into
France
,
carried
money
to
be
minted
,
whereupon
was
to
be
seen
Manacles
,
to
shew
his
imprisonment
,
and
thereby
to
animate
the
French
one
day
to
revenge
upon
the
Sarasins
,
the
Injuries
and
Outrages
which
they
had
received
from
them
during
their
Captivity
.
I
have
thought
it
necessary
,
in
short
,
thus
to
refute
this
gross
mistake
,
that
so
I
might
prevent
many
,
and
some
even
among
the
Catholick
Writers
,
who
have
suffered
themselves
to
be
miserably
deceived
,
and
who
have
misled
others
in
relating
a
thing
so
little
credible
,
upon
the
bare
word
of
Paulus
Jovius
,
who
is
their
only
Warranty
for
it
in
the
first
Book
of
his
Elogies
,
which
he
hath
written
of
illustrious
men
,
in
that
of
Saladin
.
And
yet
even
this
Author
saith
no
more
,
but
barely
without
quoting
any
Person
,
That
it
is
reported
that
St.
Lewis
gave
him
for
a
pledge
the
Holy
Sacrament
.
And
so
little
doth
he
know
what
it
is
that
he
says
,
that
in
the
same
place
he
adds
,
that
it
was
to
Saladin
,
or
as
he
believes
it
is
most
probable
,
to
his
Brother
Saphadin
that
St.
Lewis
gave
this
Pledge
.
Whereas
it
is
of
publick
notoriety
in
History
,
that
these
two
Sultans
were
dead
,
the
one
above
fifty
,
the
other
more
than
thirty
years
before
the
War
,
which
St.
Lewis
made
in
Egypt
.
How
can
any
one
then
pretend
to
be
so
far
in
the
Right
,
I
do
not
say
to
assure
it
,
but
even
to
relate
upon
the
Authority
of
a
Modern
Historian
of
so
little
exactness
and
fidelity
,
as
Paulus
Jovius
,
a
thing
so
little
probable
,
and
so
highly
injurious
to
one
of
the
greatest
,
and
without
contradiction
one
of
the
holiest
Kings
of
Europe
.
But
further
,
all
the
Mamaluke
Admirals
,
and
the
Sarasins
themselves
were
of
a
quite
different
opinion
,
and
could
not
imagine
that
St.
Lewis
was
so
cowardly
,
as
at
last
to
resolve
to
give
them
for
an
Hostage
,
the
Eucharist
which
he
adored
,
after
that
Geoffrey
de
Sergines
had
protested
,
as
he
did
before
them
all
,
that
they
would
all
chuse
to
perish
rather
than
give
the
King
himself
in
Hostage
,
as
the
Sultan
had
demanded
.
For
they
were
so
smitten
with
the
bright
lustre
of
the
Royal
Vertues
of
this
great
King
,
and
with
that
Majesty
with
which
he
treated
them
,
as
if
they
had
been
his
Subjects
,
and
indeed
his
Prisoners
,
as
they
would
say
themselves
in
admiration
of
the
strength
of
his
Mind
,
the
greatness
of
his
Soul
,
and
his
Heroick
Courage
,
that
one
day
in
sounding
before
his
Pavilion
,
in
honor
of
him
all
their
Trumpets
and
Warlike
Instruments
,
they
had
it
under
debate
,
whether
they
should
chuse
him
for
their
Sultan
;
and
there
was
nothing
that
obstructed
it
,
besides
his
immoveable
Resolution
to
do
nothing
which
might
in
the
least
shock
his
Religion
,
the
Exercises
whereof
he
would
perform
aloud
like
a
Master
,
and
as
if
he
were
assured
,
that
they
durst
not
so
much
as
entertain
a
thought
of
opposing
him
;
so
that
they
were
used
to
say
,
That
he
was
the
most
Fierce
Christian
,
that
they
had
ever
seen
.
And
one
may
from
hence
well
judge
,
whether
after
this
these
Emirs
would
have
the
Confidence
to
demand
from
him
to
put
that
into
their
hands
which
they
knew
he
acknowledged
to
be
,
and
worshipped
as
true
God
.
And
that
which
was
yet
most
admirable
in
this
adventure
,
was
,
that
this
Holy
King
demanded
sometime
after
of
the
Lord
De
Joinville
,
what
his
opinion
was
in
this
matter
,
and
supposing
the
Admirals
should
offer
him
the
Crown
,
whether
he
should
accept
it
?
to
whom
the
good
Seneschal
,
after
his
manner
answered
very
bluntly
,
That
he
should
be
a
very
fool
to
accept
it
,
and
trust
himself
to
these
Villains
,
who
had
murdered
their
Prince
.
And
I
,
answered
the
King
,
For
my
part
,
I
declare
to
you
,
that
I
would
never
have
refused
it
.
And
this
without
doubt
proceeded
from
the
pleasure
with
which
he
was
ravished
,
to
have
so
fair
an
opportunity
of
sacrificing
himself
,
by
accepting
this
Empire
,
for
the
re-establishment
of
the
Kingdom
of
Jesus
Christ
in
Egypt
,
where
Christianity
had
sometimes
flourished
by
an
infinite
multitude
of
the
Servants
of
God
,
in
the
first
Ages
of
the
Church
.
The
Treaty
being
thus
at
last
confirmed
by
all
parties
,
according
to
the
agreement
,
the
King
surrendred
Damiata
,
upon
the
Friday
after
Ascension-Day
,
and
was
at
the
same
time
set
at
Liberty
himself
with
all
the
Prisoners
,
so
far
,
as
that
the
four
Gallies
fell
down
the
River
to
the
Bridge
of
Damiata
,
into
which
place
Geoffrey
de
Sergines
entred
,
early
in
the
Morning
,
year
1250
to
deliver
it
into
the
hands
of
the
Sarasins
,
after
he
had
drawn
out
all
the
French
,
together
with
the
Queen
,
who
after
the
Imprisonment
of
the
King
,
had
been
reduced
to
great
extremities
.
For
so
soon
as
she
received
the
sad
news
,
she
fell
into
such
an
excessive
grief
,
that
believing
she
was
upon
the
point
of
falling
into
the
hands
of
the
Sarasins
,
she
threw
her self
upon
her
knees
,
before
a
Knight
of
fourscore
years
of
Age
,
who
never
forsook
her
,
and
obliged
him
to
promise
her
with
an
Oath
,
to
grant
her
one
request
,
which
she
desired
him
to
do
for
her
;
and
this
was
,
that
if
the
Sarasins
took
the
City
he
would
cut
off
her
head
;
the
Old
Knight
promised
her
he
would
,
adding
with
great
frankness
,
that
before
she
had
done
him
the
Honor
to
desire
it
of
him
,
he
had
already
resolved
to
do
it
,
thereby
to
put
her
into
a
place
of
security
,
and
out
of
the
Power
of
those
Barbarians
,
The
Extremity
and
Violence
of
her
grief
,
brought
her
also
into
her
Travail
three
Days
before
her
time
,
and
she
was
delivered
of
a
Son
,
to
whom
they
gave
a
Surname
,
drawn
from
her
Affliction
,
calling
him
Tristan
,
as
being
in
truth
the
true
Son
of
her
Sorrow
.
And
upon
the
same
Day
understanding
that
the
Pisans
,
the
Genoese
,
and
all
the
rest
of
the
People
were
resolved
to
abandon
the
place
,
fearing
the
Siege
,
and
Famine
,
she
prevailed
so
far
upon
them
with
her
Prayers
,
and
Tears
,
that
they
were
contented
to
stay
,
she
promising
to
furnish
them
with
Provisions
at
her
own
Charges
,
which
she
did
at
the
Expence
of
above
three
hundred
thousand
Livres
.
At
length
the
Queen
,
the
Legate
,
the
Bishops
,
and
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
who
retired
thither
in
a
good
hour
,
together
with
all
the
Garrison
,
which
was
Commanded
by
Oliver
de
Termes
,
imbarqued
upon
the
Ships
which
expected
them
below
the
Bridge
,
and
steered
away
directly
for
Acre
,
according
to
the
Order
of
the
King
;
and
the
Sarasins
entred
into
Damiata
,
where
presently
making
themselves
Drunk
with
the
Wines
they
found
there
,
they
most
brutishly
slew
all
the
Sick
,
and
fired
the
Machins
,
which
according
to
the
Treaty
they
were
to
surrender
.
But
the
Admirals
did
far
worse
,
for
instead
of
delivering
the
King
and
the
Prisoners
,
so
soon
as
Damiata
was
put
into
their
Possession
,
they
put
it
under
deliberation
,
Whether
they
should
not
rather
cut
all
their
throats
;
and
one
among
them
maintained
,
that
having
committed
so
great
a
Crime
against
the
Law
of
Mahomet
,
as
they
had
done
in
killing
their
Sultan
,
they
should
yet
commit
a
greater
,
as
he
shewed
them
out
of
one
of
their
Books
,
if
they
should
suffer
the
greatest
Enemy
of
their
Law
,
to
escape
with
his
Life
out
of
their
hands
.
And
the
matter
went
so
far
,
that
the
four
Gallies
rowed
up
the
River
till
they
came
within
a
League
of
Caire
,
insomuch
that
all
the
Prisoners
,
except
the
King
,
whom
they
Guarded
in
his
Pavilion
upon
the
Bank
of
the
River
,
had
now
lost
all
manner
of
hopes
of
Life
or
Liberty
.
But
at
last
the
better
Opinion
prevailed
,
and
there
were
some
among
them
who
urged
vigorously
,
that
if
,
after
having
slain
their
Sultan
,
they
should
again
imbrue
their
hands
in
the
Blood
of
one
of
the
greatest
Kings
in
the
World
,
after
having
given
their
Faith
to
him
,
by
such
a
Solemn
Treaty
;
they
should
pass
through
the
whole
Earth
,
for
the
most
infamous
,
and
the
most
abominable
of
all
Mankind
;
but
to
speak
truth
,
I
am
rather
of
an
Opinion
,
that
the
eight
hundred
thousand
Bysances
,
which
they
would
have
lost
by
committing
such
a
horrible
Crime
,
without
any
manner
of
advantage
,
was
the
weight
which
turned
the
Scale
,
and
was
the
strongest
reason
to
perswade
them
,
for
this
time
at
least
,
to
be
honest
,
and
to
keep
their
Word
and
their
Oath
.
And
this
informs
us
,
that
interest
is
the
best
Guarranty
of
any
Treaty
,
being
the
thing
which
hath
more
Power
over
most
People
,
to
oblige
them
to
stand
to
their
agreements
,
than
all
the
Oaths
,
and
all
the
Hands
and
Seals
which
they
can
give
.
Thus
then
,
after
two
and
thirty
Days
Captivity
,
the
King
,
all
the
Princes
,
and
the
Lords
of
France
and
Cyprus
,
and
of
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
with
the
poor
remainder
of
Soldiers
,
which
there
was
left
after
such
a
terrible
defeat
,
wherein
there
were
lost
near
thirty
thousand
Men
,
were
set
at
Liberty
,
the
Count
de
Poitiers
,
only
excepted
,
who
was
kept
at
Damiata
for
the
security
of
the
first
Payment
,
and
the
same
Evening
the
King
was
Conducted
by
twenty
thousand
Sarasins
,
who
to
do
him
Honor
,
Marched
on
Foot
,
to
a
large
Genoese
Gally
,
which
attended
him
below
the
Bridge
,
and
upon
which
he
imbarqued
with
his
Brother
Charles
,
year
1250
Count
d'
Anjou
,
Alberic
Marshal
of
France
,
the
Lord
de
Joinville
,
Philip
de
Nemours
,
who
sold
the
Town
of
that
name
to
the
King
,
the
brave
Geoffrey
de
Sergines
,
and
Nicholas
,
General
of
the
Order
of
the
Trinity
or
the
Mathurins
.
The
others
went
aboard
the
Vessels
which
were
prepared
for
them
,
and
the
next
Day
the
Counts
of
Flanders
,
Bretany
,
and
Soissons
,
accompanied
with
divers
Great
Lords
,
took
their
leave
of
the
King
,
and
set
Sail
for
France
,
where
they
all
happily
arrived
,
except
Peter
de
Dreux
,
Duke
of
Bretany
,
who
being
very
much
indisposed
when
he
took
Ship
,
died
upon
the
Sea
three
Weeks
after
.
His
Body
was
carried
by
his
Knights
into
Bretany
,
where
he
reposeth
in
the
Nunnery
of
Villeneuve
near
Nantes
;
and
although
the
War
which
he
made
with
St.
Lewis
in
the
beginning
of
his
Reign
,
and
which
thrive
so
ill
,
that
he
only
got
by
it
,
the
shameful
name
of
Illclerk
,
will
be
a
blemish
to
him
in
History
,
yet
his
Zeal
and
Courage
,
which
he
made
so
highly
conspicuous
in
his
two
Voyages
to
the
Holy
War
,
have
so
effaced
that
blot
,
by
the
Blood
which
he
therein
shed
,
for
the
interest
of
Jesus
Christ
,
and
by
the
happy
Death
which
he
found
in
that
service
,
that
one
may
lawfully
give
him
a
place
among
the
Hero's
of
the
Crusade
.
The
King
stayed
yet
two
Days
,
the
Saturday
and
the
Sunday
after
Ascension
,
upon
the
River
in
his
Gally
,
in
expectation
of
the
finishing
of
the
first
payment
,
that
so
the
Count
de
Poitiers
might
be
set
at
Liberty
,
and
understanding
in
the
Evening
of
the
Sunday
,
that
there
wanted
thirty
thousand
Livres
to
make
up
the
two
hundred
thousand
,
and
that
the
Templers
,
who
had
store
of
Money
aboard
their
Gallies
,
refused
to
lend
him
so
much
,
under
pretext
that
by
their
Rule
they
were
under
an
Oath
,
to
part
with
nothing
of
their
Revenue
,
but
to
their
Great
Master
;
the
devout
King
made
them
know
upon
this
occasion
,
that
he
was
their
first
and
their
greatest
Master
,
and
that
he
would
dispense
with
this
Article
of
their
Rule
,
from
which
they
could
every
day
dispense
with
themselves
,
in
other
points
that
were
much
more
Essential
.
For
the
Lord
Joinville
who
executed
his
Orders
most
punctually
,
going
into
one
of
their
Gallies
,
with
a
good
Hatchet
,
which
he
had
already
lifted
up
to
break
open
one
of
their
strong
Coffers
,
in
the
name
of
the
King
;
the
Marshal
of
the
Temple
,
who
found
that
he
would
be
obeyed
,
caused
the
Keys
to
be
given
him
,
and
thereupon
he
took
out
what
Money
he
pleased
,
and
the
King
,
who
was
very
well
satisfied
with
the
Action
,
instantly
caused
to
be
paid
to
the
Sarasins
,
not
only
the
thirty
thousand
Livres
which
was
wanting
of
the
Sum
which
was
due
,
but
also
ten
thousand
more
,
of
which
they
had
cheated
themselves
without
perceiving
it
,
in
weighing
the
Money
in
their
Scales
.
So
exact
was
this
incomparable
Prince
,
religiously
to
observe
his
Word
and
Faith
,
even
to
those
who
had
none
themselves
,
and
who
had
so
brutally
violated
that
which
they
had
given
him
,
with
so
many
horrible
Oaths
.
After
which
the
Count
de
Poitiers
,
whom
the
Sarasins
set
at
Liberty
,
being
come
up
to
the
Road
,
which
Philip
Count
de
Montfort
,
where
the
King
,
who
after
the
Money
was
paid
,
was
now
gotten
,
and
staid
for
them
;
they
set
Sail
,
and
in
a
few
Days
,
came
happily
to
an
Anchor
in
the
Port
of
Ptolemais
,
where
this
great
Prince
was
received
with
as
much
Joy
for
his
deliverance
,
as
there
had
been
sorrow
for
his
Captivity
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
CRUSADE
,
OR
,
The
Expeditions
of
the
Christian
Princes
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Holy
Land
.
PART
IV.
BOOK
III.
The
CONTENTS
of
the
Third
Book
.
The
General
Consternation
all
over
France
,
upon
the
News
of
the
King's
Imprisonment
;
the
Tumult
,
the
Shepherds
,
their
Original
,
their
Disorders
,
and
Defeat
.
St.
Lewis
after
his
deliverance
performs
his
Articles
with
great
Justice
.
The
Admirals
fail
on
their
part
.
The
Original
of
the
Hospital
of
the
Fifteen
Score
.
The
Councel
debates
the
matter
of
the
King's
return
.
The
Reasons
on
the
one
side
and
the
other
.
It
is
at
last
concluded
for
his
stay
in
Palestine
.
Four
Famous
Ambassages
to
St.
Lewis
;
from
Pope
Innocent
,
from
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
from
the
Ancient
of
the
Mountain
,
and
from
the
Emperor
Frederick
.
The
Death
of
that
Emperor
,
and
the
different
Opinions
thereupon
.
An
Error
of
St.
Lewis
,
who
loseth
a
fair
opportunity
of
making
use
of
one
Party
of
the
Sarasins
,
to
ruin
the
other
.
The
Election
of
a
Mamaluke
Sultan
.
The
gallant
Actions
of
St.
Lewis
in
Palestine
.
The
Death
of
Queen
Blanch
,
and
the
return
of
the
King
into
France
.
The
Rupture
and
War
between
the
Venetians
and
Genoese
occasions
the
loss
of
the
Holy
Land
.
The
Conquests
of
Haulon
,
Brother
to
the
great
Cham
,
stops
the
Progress
of
the
Sarasins
.
The
Relation
of
the
Mamaluke
Sultans
.
They
vanquish
the
Tartars
which
ravage
Palestine
.
The
Character
of
Sultan
Bendocdar
,
the
great
Enemy
of
the
Christians
.
His
Conquests
upon
them
.
His
Cruelty
,
and
the
Glorious
Martyrdom
of
the
Souldiers
of
the
Garrison
of
Sephet
,
and
of
two
Cordeliers
,
and
a
Commander
of
the
Temple
.
The
taking
and
Destruction
of
Antioch
by
this
Sultan
.
The
quarrels
between
the
Popes
and
the
Princes
of
the
House
of
Suabia
,
obstruct
the
Succours
of
the
West
.
The
Histories
of
Pope
Innocent
,
and
the
Emperor
Conrade
;
of
Pope
Alexander
and
Mainfrey
,
against
whom
he
vainly
publishes
Crusades
.
The
History
of
Charles
d'
Anjou
,
to
whom
Pope
Urban
,
the
Successor
of
Alexander
,
and
Pope
Clement
the
Fourth
,
give
the
Realms
of
Naples
and
Sicily
,
as
Fieffs
escheated
to
the
Church
by
Felony
.
His
Exploits
,
his
Battles
,
and
his
Victories
over
Mainfrey
and
Conradin
.
The
deplorable
Death
of
that
young
Prince
.
The
Victories
of
Charles
,
cause
the
Pope
and
St.
Lewis
to
entertain
a
Design
for
a
new
Crusade
.
An
Assembly
at
Paris
about
that
Affair
,
where
the
King
,
the
Princes
,
and
Lords
,
take
upon
them
the
Cross
.
All
other
Nations
decline
the
Crusade
.
The
Collusion
of
the
Emperor
,
Michael
Paleologus
.
The
Condition
of
the
King's
Army
.
The
Resolution
taken
to
Attack
Tunis
,
and
the
Reas●ns
wherefore
.
The
Description
of
Tunis
and
Carthage
.
The
taking
of
the
Port
,
the
Tower
,
and
the
Castle
of
Carthage
.
The
Malady
makes
great
Destruction
in
the
King's
Army
.
His
Death
,
Elogy
and
Character
.
The
Arrival
of
Charles
,
King
of
Sicily
.
The
Exploits
of
the
Army
.
The
Treaty
of
Peace
with
the
King
of
Tunis
,
who
becomes
Tributary
to
Charles
.
The
return
of
the
two
Kings
;
their
Fleet
is
horribly
beaten
by
a
Tempest
.
Prince
Edward
of
England
saved
,
his
Vow
to
go
to
the
Holy
Land
.
His
Voyage
,
his
Exploits
,
and
his
return
.
The
vain
indeavours
of
Pope
Gregory
the
Tenth
,
for
a
new
Crusade
.
The
second
Council
of
Lyons
.
The
last
causes
of
the
loss
of
the
Holy
Land
.
The
quarrel
among
the
Christian
Princes
for
the
Succession
to
the
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
.
The
Death
of
Bendocdar
.
The
defeat
of
his
Successor
by
the
Tartars
.
The
hopes
of
the
recovery
of
all
Palestine
,
by
the
Arms
of
King
Charles
of
Anjou
,
ruined
by
the
sad
accident
of
the
Sicilian
Vespers
.
The
new
division
among
the
Princes
,
and
the
Progress
of
the
Mamaluke
Sultans
.
The
Relation
of
the
lamentable
Siege
,
and
the
taking
of
Acre
by
these
Barbarians
.
All
the
other
places
are
lost
,
and
the
Christians
of
the
West
wholly
driven
out
of
Palestine
and
Syria
.
The
vain
and
fruitless
attempts
which
have
since
been
made
to
renew
the
Crusades
.
year
1250
WHilest
matters
went
thus
in
the
East
,
the
news
,
which
was
received
in
France
,
of
the
two
Victories
,
which
the
King
had
gained
near
Massora
,
was
followed
with
a
false
report
,
which
was
currant
,
of
the
defeat
of
the
Sultan
,
and
the
taking
of
Grand
Caire
.
And
this
coming
from
the
Court
of
the
Pope
,
to
whom
the
Bishop
of
Marseilles
,
who
had
seen
it
in
Letters
Written
to
the
Commandator
of
the
Hospital
of
St.
John
,
had
sent
it
,
Men
being
apt
easily
to
believe
that
which
they
passionately
desire
,
there
was
no
doubt
made
but
it
was
true
;
so
that
all
was
full
of
rejoycing
,
even
then
when
upon
the
suddain
,
they
were
obliged
to
change
this
excessive
joy
into
an
extreme
afflicton
,
by
the
certain
intelligence
which
they
received
of
the
loss
of
the
whole
Christian
Army
,
and
the
Captivity
of
the
King
and
all
the
Princes
.
And
this
Affliction
was
followed
by
most
furious
disorders
,
year
1250
which
were
occasioned
by
the
illusion
and
folly
of
some
,
and
the
extreme
Wickedness
of
others
,
who
made
use
of
the
simplicity
of
the
former
to
commit
,
with
impunity
,
the
most
detestable
Crimes
,
under
the
false
pretences
of
Zeal
and
Piety
,
for
the
deliverance
of
the
King
.
In
Germany
a
Troop
of
Vagabonds
,
mingled
with
young
People
,
and
the
Scum
and
Refuse
of
the
Peasantry
,
ran
all
over
,
crying
that
they
must
make
a
Crusade
for
the
deliverance
of
the
Ring
of
France
.
And
a
certain
Hungarian
Apostate
,
of
the
Cistercian
Order
,
one
of
the
most
prosligate
Villains
in
the
World
,
but
very
able
and
Learned
in
many
Languages
,
put
himself
at
the
head
of
them
,
and
undertook
to
be
their
Captain
Conductor
.
For
this
purpose
he
passed
into
France
,
with
his
Company
,
and
fell
to
Preaching
as
if
he
had
been
a
Prophet
,
and
published
this
Crusade
,
as
he
said
from
God
Almighty
,
for
the
deliverance
of
the
King
,
telling
of
a
world
of
Miracles
,
Visions
and
Revelations
which
he
had
,
especially
from
the
Blessed
Virgin
and
the
Angels
,
which
these
simple
well
meaning
People
,
especially
the
Countrymen
and
Shepherds
,
looked
upon
as
the
express
Commands
of
God
.
For
he
said
himself
,
and
caused
it
to
be
Preached
also
by
his
Impostors
,
whom
he
sent
abroad
,
that
Jesus
Christ
,
who
was
the
good
Shepherd
,
and
Innocence
it self
,
was
resolved
to
make
use
of
Shepherds
,
and
the
good
innocent
Country
People
for
the
deliverance
of
the
best
King
in
the
World
.
And
herewith
he
assembled
an
infinite
number
of
young
People
,
Shepherds
and
Peasants
,
who
,
leaving
their
Teams
and
their
Toils
,
their
Flocks
and
Herds
,
took
upon
them
the
Cross
,
and
took
up
Arms
;
all
the
Rabble
joyning
with
them
under
this
new
head
of
the
Crusade
,
thereby
to
gain
their
Liberty
under
such
a
specious
pretext
,
as
this
of
the
deliverance
of
the
King
.
And
in
truth
it
was
an
Army
of
Villains
,
of
Thieves
,
Murderers
,
and
Sacrilegious
Wretches
,
which
was
divided
into
Companies
,
who
had
a
Lamb
painted
in
their
Colours
,
which
gave
occasion
to
their
name
of
Shepherds
.
He
also
himself
created
Captains
among
them
,
who
were
called
Masters
,
to
whom
he
gave
the
Sacrilegious
Licence
,
to
exercise
the
Sacerdotal
and
Pontifical
Functions
:
so
that
they
undertook
to
bless
the
People
,
giving
remission
not
only
for
Sins
already
committed
,
but
such
as
should
be
committed
for
the
future
,
making
Marriages
and
Divorces
according
to
their
pleasure
,
committing
a
thousand
other
Sacrileges
,
and
above
all
,
declaring
War
against
the
Priests
and
Monks
,
whom
they
cruelly
Murdered
,
alledging
they
had
drawn
down
the
indignation
of
God
upon
the
People
,
and
were
by
their
dissolute
Lives
the
cause
of
the
King's
Misfortunes
and
Captivity
.
The
People
at
first
were
so
Sottish
as
to
favour
these
new
Crusades
,
who
,
where-ever
they
came
,
committed
infinite
disorders
.
Those
of
Orleans
were
so
silly
as
to
permit
them
to
do
what
they
pleased
in
their
City
,
where
they
put
all
the
Clergy
to
the
Sword
.
They
would
have
done
the
same
at
Berri
,
where
they
began
to
Plunder
;
but
they
found
there
some
People
too
Wise
and
Courageous
to
endure
it
.
For
after
they
had
been
driven
out
of
Bourges
,
where
they
thought
to
have
done
the
same
they
did
at
Orleans
,
the
Gentlemen
of
Berri
took
Arms
together
with
the
Commons
,
and
pursued
these
Robbers
,
and
overtaking
them
between
Mortemer
and
Villeneuve
upon
the
Char
,
they
cut
the
greatest
part
of
them
in
Pieces
,
together
with
their
Apostate
General
,
who
was
slain
upon
the
place
.
The
remainder
of
this
Rout
,
who
saved
themselves
by
Flight
,
and
all
that
could
be
found
of
them
in
the
other
Provinces
,
perished
shortly
after
,
either
by
the
Halter
,
or
by
the
hands
of
such
as
followed
the
Example
of
these
brave
Gentlemen
of
Berri
,
to
whom
the
Queen
Regent
,
was
obliged
for
the
Tranquillity
,
which
they
restored
to
the
state
in
the
absence
of
the
King
,
who
in
this
time
was
busie
in
the
Affairs
of
the
Realm
of
Jesus
Christ
in
the
East
.
The
first
thing
which
he
did
after
his
Arrival
at
Ptolemais
,
was
to
deliver
all
the
Sarasin
Prisoners
according
to
his
Promise
,
and
to
send
Men
and
Ships
into
Egypt
,
to
bring
the
Christian
Captives
from
thence
,
according
to
the
Treaty
,
as
well
those
,
who
were
taken
last
,
as
those
who
had
been
made
Prisoners
after
the
Truce
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
with
Sultan
Meledin
,
who
had
so
generously
exposed
their
Lives
and
Liberty
,
for
the
Glory
of
Jesus
Christ
.
But
these
perfidious
Admirals
,
who
already
repented
,
and
reproached
their
own
folly
as
they
called
it
,
in
letting
so
great
a
King
escape
out
of
their
hands
,
could
never
be
perswaded
to
restore
more
than
four
hundred
,
year
1250
of
above
twelve
thousand
,
whom
they
held
in
Chains
at
Caire
,
unless
he
would
pay
more
Money
for
their
Ransom
.
It
is
reported
also
,
that
they
did
most
inhumanely
cause
the
Eyes
of
three
hundred
of
the
most
Noble
and
bravest
among
the
other
Captives
to
be
put
out
,
before
they
sent
them
back
to
the
King
,
thereby
to
put
them
out
of
a
condition
of
ever
being
able
to
bear
Arms
against
them
any
more
.
And
it
was
,
as
it
is
credibly
believed
,
in
Memory
of
these
three
hundred
blind
Gentlemen
,
that
St.
Lewis
afterwards
founded
the
Famous
Hospital
of
the
fifteen
score
at
Paris
,
as
it
is
declared
in
the
Bulla
which
Pope
Sixtus
Quartus
,
gave
in
the
year
one
thousand
four
hundred
eighty
three
,
in
favour
of
that
Famous
House
,
wherein
there
are
at
this
Day
maintained
three
hundred
poor
blind
People
of
both
Sexes
,
according
to
the
intention
of
their
Founder
St.
Lewis
.
But
it
was
not
here
that
the
Perfidy
and
the
Cruelty
of
these
Infidel
Emirs
stopped
;
for
besides
that
they
would
never
restore
either
the
Arms
,
the
Horses
,
the
Munitions
,
nor
the
Baggage
of
the
Christians
,
they
picked
out
all
the
handsomest
young
Men
,
and
making
them
kneel
down
one
after
another
,
under
a
Scymiter
which
the
Executioner
held
up
ready
to
give
the
blow
,
they
pressed
them
to
renounce
Jesus
Christ
,
and
embrace
the
Law
of
Mahomet
.
And
in
truth
some
of
them
overcome
by
a
Cowardly
fear
of
Death
,
abandoned
their
Religion
to
preserve
a
Criminal
Life
,
which
rendred
them
Infamous
before
God
and
Man
,
for
their
base
Apostacy
;
but
the
greatest
number
of
them
dispising
the
Menaces
of
these
Barbarians
,
died
gloriously
in
confessing
Jesus
Christ
,
for
whose
sake
they
had
taken
upon
them
the
Cross
.
And
thus
it
was
that
the
Success
of
this
Crusade
,
which
appeared
so
unfortunate
in
humane
appearance
,
became
most
happy
in
the
sight
of
God
,
whose
Glory
was
highly
exalted
by
these
new
Martyrs
.
The
King
was
surprized
with
this
News
and
the
perfidiousness
of
these
Barbarians
,
meaning
well
himself
he
thought
during
all
the
time
of
the
Truce
,
which
he
had
concluded
for
ten
years
,
that
nothing
was
to
be
feared
as
to
Palestine
;
but
now
perceiving
he
was
deceived
,
although
he
had
caused
the
Ships
to
be
made
ready
for
his
return
into
France
,
yet
he
called
an
Assembly
of
all
the
Princes
and
Lords
both
of
France
and
Palestine
.
Where
having
opened
to
them
the
condition
of
his
Affairs
in
France
,
where
it
was
apprehended
that
the
English
would
make
advantage
of
his
absence
;
as
also
the
terms
in
which
they
then
stood
with
the
Egyptians
,
who
openly
infringed
the
Treaty
of
the
Truce
,
and
that
in
the
most
Barbarous
and
insolent
manner
in
the
World
,
he
commanded
them
to
consider
seriously
what
they
thought
fit
to
advise
him
thereupon
;
and
to
give
him
their
Opinions
within
eight
Days
,
Whether
he
ought
to
return
into
France
,
or
remain
some
time
longer
in
the
East
.
The
eight
Days
being
expired
,
the
Council
was
reassembled
,
where
there
were
two
Opinions
,
directly
opposite
one
to
the
other
,
proposed
.
The
first
was
that
of
the
greatest
number
of
the
French
who
concluded
,
That
he
ought
with
all
convenient
Expedition
to
return
into
France
.
First
,
to
give
the
necessary
Orders
for
the
Affairs
of
his
Realm
,
which
stood
in
great
necessity
of
his
presence
.
Secondly
,
in
regard
that
having
but
a
very
few
Knights
,
and
Souldiers
,
and
who
having
nothing
to
subsist
upon
,
nor
being
Master
so
much
as
of
any
one
place
in
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
he
could
not
remain
there
either
with
safety
,
Honour
,
or
Advantage
to
himself
or
the
Affairs
of
the
Christians
in
the
East
.
And
that
he
might
serve
them
much
more
effectually
,
if
after
having
been
sometime
in
France
to
raise
Money
,
and
Levy
new
Troops
,
he
should
have
a
desire
to
return
into
Egypt
,
to
take
Vengeance
upon
these
perfidious
Enemies
of
God
,
who
had
so
barbarously
violated
their
Faith
and
Treaty
.
But
all
the
Knights
of
the
Temple
,
and
the
Hospital
,
the
Patriarch
,
the
Prelates
,
and
all
the
Lords
of
Palestine
,
Cyprus
,
and
Syria
,
and
even
divers
of
the
French
Lords
among
which
was
the
High
Steward
of
Champagne
,
the
brave
Lord
Joinville
,
declared
themselves
of
the
contrary
opinion
,
and
strongly
urged
,
That
the
Honour
of
the
King
,
and
welfare
of
all
Christendom
in
the
East
,
obliged
him
to
stay
some
time
longer
in
the
Holy
Land
;
That
it
would
be
most
shameful
to
abandon
so
many
brave
Men
,
as
had
so
faithfully
served
him
in
Egypt
,
and
also
to
expose
them
to
the
fury
of
their
Enemies
,
who
would
find
them
after
his
retreat
much
weaker
than
they
were
at
his
coming
thither
;
That
it
was
most
certain
that
in
the
condition
wherein
things
were
,
the
Christians
of
Palestine
would
not
stay
there
;
year
1250
but
so
soon
as
they
should
see
the
King
depart
,
they
would
also
abandon
the
Country
,
and
retire
to
Places
of
safety
,
and
therefore
his
suddain
Retreat
must
of
necessity
occasion
the
loss
of
all
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
for
the
Conquest
whereof
the
Christians
of
Europe
,
and
especially
those
of
France
had
spent
so
much
of
their
Blood
,
and
undertaken
so
many
Crusades
;
and
that
so
many
thousands
of
poor
Captives
,
who
sighed
in
the
Prisons
of
Caire
,
whereof
many
were
the
Relations
,
the
Allies
,
or
the
Friends
of
those
who
were
in
the
opinion
for
the
King's
return
,
would
be
reduced
to
the
utmost
dispair
,
having
once
lost
all
hope
of
even
a
possibility
of
their
deliverance
;
since
the
Infidels
would
have
nothing
either
to
hope
or
fear
from
the
Christians
,
after
having
once
chased
them
out
of
Palestine
.
And
in
conclusion
,
they
added
,
That
the
stay
of
the
King
in
the
Holy
Land
for
some
time
longer
,
would
without
doubt
produce
the
quite
contrary
Effects
to
all
these
Misfortunes
,
which
would
infallibly
be
consequent
upon
his
return
;
That
it
was
well
known
,
that
the
King
notwithstanding
all
his
losses
sustained
in
Egypt
,
was
in
a
condition
to
repair
one
part
of
them
,
and
to
strike
a
terror
into
his
Enemies
,
in
regard
that
all
the
Money
which
he
had
yet
expended
,
he
had
drawn
out
of
the
Purses
of
his
Receivers
,
who
had
gained
it
unjustly
from
him
;
That
he
had
still
his
whole
Treasure
intire
,
with
which
he
might
raise
store
of
good
Troops
,
and
that
so
soon
as
it
was
known
that
he
would
pay
well
,
he
could
not
want
Souldiers
,
but
that
men
at
Arms
,
and
Knights
would
resort
to
him
from
all
places
,
with
which
he
might
serve
himself
,
upon
the
present
occasion
,
to
very
good
purpose
,
there
being
in
reality
so
great
a
Division
among
the
Infidels
,
that
the
Sultan
of
Alepo
,
the
most
potent
of
the
Sarasins
of
Syria
,
made
War
against
those
of
Egypt
;
That
he
had
already
taken
Damascus
from
them
,
And
that
he
was
resolved
in
Person
to
lead
his
Army
into
Egypt
to
revenge
the
Death
of
the
Sultan
his
Cousin
,
whom
those
infamous
Mamalukes
had
so
barbarously
murdered
;
That
the
least
advantage
which
the
King
could
draw
from
this
War
,
would
be
to
oblige
these
perfidious
Wretches
by
the
fear
which
they
would
have
lest
he
should
joyn
with
their
Enemy
,
to
set
all
the
Prisoners
at
liberty
;
That
however
hereby
he
would
hinder
the
Infidels
from
invading
the
Lands
of
the
Christians
;
And
that
in
the
mean
time
he
might
fortifie
the
places
,
which
were
demolished
;
and
thereby
leave
the
Country
in
a
Condition
to
defend
it self
whensoever
at
last
he
should
be
obliged
to
return
and
leave
the
Holy
Land
.
After
he
had
patiently
heard
all
these
Reasons
,
the
King
took
eight
days
more
to
consider
of
what
Resolution
he
ought
to
make
;
after
which
having
again
caused
his
Lords
to
be
assembled
,
and
imploring
before
them
the
Light
and
the
Grace
of
God's
Holy
Spirit
,
he
spoke
to
them
in
these
Terms
.
That
he
gave
all
of
them
hearty
thanks
for
the
Counsel
which
they
had
on
both
parts
given
him
;
That
if
any
worldly
consideration
could
oblige
him
to
return
into
France
,
most
assuredly
it
was
the
Interest
of
his
Realm
,
to
which
he
owed
his
Principal
Applications
,
and
his
greatest
Care
;
But
in
regard
that
he
was
sufficiently
satisfied
,
that
France
had
nothing
to
fear
,
so
long
as
it
was
under
the
wise
Government
of
the
Queen
,
his
Mother
,
who
had
Forces
,
Courage
and
Conduct
enough
to
defend
it
against
all
those
,
who
should
in
his
absence
have
any
designs
against
it
,
he
was
resolved
not
to
abandon
the
Interests
of
the
Kingdom
of
Jesus
Christ
in
Syria
;
but
that
he
would
stay
there
some
time
longer
to
put
them
into
a
posture
of
safety
;
That
nevertheless
he
left
all
Persons
,
who
had
a
desire
to
it
,
at
liberty
to
return
if
they
so
pleased
;
but
withal
he
promised
also
on
the
other
side
to
all
those
who
were
resolved
to
run
his
Fortune
,
that
he
would
make
their
choice
so
advantageous
,
that
they
should
have
sufficient
reason
to
be
satisfied
with
it
.
This
Discourse
of
the
King
moved
the
whole
Assembly
,
though
with
very
different
Sentiments
;
in
some
it
excited
tenderness
and
Devotion
,
so
that
they
devoted
themselves
most
heartily
with
this
amiable
Prince
to
the
Service
of
Jesus
Christ
;
in
others
it
occasioned
Grief
and
Sadness
,
by
understanding
the
King's
Resolution
,
which
was
so
unexpected
to
them
,
and
by
seeing
that
their
honour
obliged
them
against
their
Inclinations
still
to
remain
in
Palestine
.
But
hereupon
St.
Lewis
did
not
fail
presently
to
give
out
Commissions
,
and
Money
for
making
of
Levies
;
however
for
the
satisfaction
of
the
Queen
,
his
Mother
,
he
sent
home
the
two
Princes
,
his
Brothers
,
into
France
,
whither
he
writ
to
all
the
orders
of
the
Realm
,
that
admirable
Letter
,
by
which
,
after
he
had
given
them
a
full
account
of
all
the
transactions
,
which
till
then
had
happened
,
he
exhorted
them
by
all
the
considerations
both
Divine
and
Humane
,
year
1250
to
come
and
share
with
him
in
the
Glory
,
which
was
to
be
acquired
by
generously
sacrificing
their
Lives
and
Fortunes
to
the
Service
of
Jesus
Christ
.
Whilest
these
things
were
doing
,
the
King
,
who
made
his
preparations
with
so
much
diligence
,
received
the
Ambassadors
,
which
came
to
him
from
Europe
and
from
Asia
.
Pope
Innocent
sent
to
give
him
consolation
by
his
Legates
for
his
misfortune
;
and
writ
to
him
most
excellent
Letters
,
dated
from
Lyons
the
twelfth
of
August
,
by
which
,
after
he
had
said
all
the
finest
and
most
Christian
things
suitable
to
give
consolation
to
a
Prince
in
Afflictions
of
this
nature
,
he
conjured
him
by
no
means
to
abandon
Palestine
;
but
offered
him
all
that
he
himself
should
think
the
Holy
See
was
able
to
assist
him
in
.
The
Sa●tan
of
Damascus
also
by
his
Ambassadors
,
desired
the
conjunction
of
his
Arms
against
the
Mamalukes
,
promising
to
yield
to
him
thereupon
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
;
to
which
St.
Lewis
willingly
accorded
,
provided
that
the
Admirals
refused
to
give
him
satisfaction
.
But
they
fearing
the
Arms
of
the
King
offered
to
give
him
all
manner
of
satisfaction
,
and
to
surrender
to
him
all
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
which
was
in
their
hands
,
provided
that
he
would
assist
them
against
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
who
,
they
said
,
offered
the
King
what
was
none
of
his
own
.
And
to
manifest
at
this
time
that
they
dealt
sincerely
,
they
sent
immediately
to
him
all
the
Christian
Prisoners
,
as
also
the
Bones
of
Count
Gantier
de
Brienne
;
and
sometime
after
the
King
peremptorily
demanding
that
as
a
preliminary
,
before
he
would
enter
upon
a
new
Treaty
with
them
,
they
sent
him
the
Heads
of
the
Christians
,
which
they
had
set
upon
the
Walls
of
Grand
Caire
,
and
all
the
Children
and
Young
People
,
whom
they
had
compelled
to
deny
the
Faith
of
Christ
;
which
alone
were
considerable
Effects
of
the
resolution
,
which
this
Prince
had
taken
to
stay
in
Syria
.
The
Ancient
of
the
Mountain
also
,
who
at
first
,
according
to
his
insolent
custom
,
had
sent
to
demand
a
kind
of
Tribute
,
which
the
other
Princes
had
been
used
to
pay
him
,
that
thereby
they
might
live
in
safety
,
sent
new
Ambassadors
to
him
,
with
presents
of
Rock-Crystal
in
diverse
Figures
,
which
was
the
only
Rarity
of
his
Country
,
desiring
his
Amity
and
Protection
in
a
most
submissive
manner
.
And
the
King
in
return
also
sent
him
,
with
rich
presents
,
Father
Breton
,
a
Dominican
,
who
was
very
skilful
in
the
Sarasin
Language
,
to
endeavour
his
conversion
,
although
that
pious
design
was
not
followed
with
answerable
Success
.
But
that
which
was
most
taken
notice
of
by
the
French
Lords
,
was
the
Ambassage
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
,
who
believing
the
King
was
still
a
Prisoner
offered
him
all
that
lay
in
his
Power
for
his
deliverance
;
and
assured
him
,
that
he
had
writ
in
most
positive
terms
to
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
of
whose
death
he
was
then
ignorant
,
to
let
him
know
,
that
he
would
renounce
his
Amity
and
his
Alliance
,
if
he
did
not
immediately
restore
the
King
to
Liberty
,
with
all
his
People
,
who
were
Prisoners
.
In
truth
the
greatest
part
of
the
French
Lords
distrusted
the
Intention
of
this
Emperor
,
in
regard
that
although
the
King
would
never
break
with
him
,
notwithstanding
his
differences
with
the
Pope
,
yet
nevertheless
,
that
Prince
had
alway
manifested
a
displeasure
,
because
St.
Lewis
had
protected
Pope
Innocent
,
by
affording
him
a
Sanctuary
in
France
,
and
giving
him
the
Liberty
to
hold
a
Council
at
Lyons
,
where
matters
were
carried
so
high
against
him
.
However
they
rejoiced
mightily
,
that
these
Ambassadours
did
not
arrive
till
after
the
King
had
regained
his
liberty
;
in
regard
their
was
reason
to
be
afraid
lest
if
they
found
him
still
a
Prisoner
they
might
possibly
have
endeavoured
underhand
to
hinder
his
deliverance
:
But
let
it
be
as
it
will
,
this
was
one
of
the
last
Actions
,
good
or
bad
,
that
Frederick
did
,
for
he
died
not
long
after
in
the
same
Year
at
Tarentum
,
the
third
of
December
.
As
the
Actions
of
his
Life
were
diversly
discoursed
of
,
so
was
also
his
Death
;
some
will
have
it
,
That
he
died
impenitent
,
without
any
fence
of
God
or
Religion
,
without
Sacraments
;
That
he
was
poysoned
,
and
also
strangled
by
the
hands
of
Mainfrey
,
one
of
his
Natural
Sons
,
whom
he
had
made
Prince
of
Tarentum
,
and
who
,
by
this
Parricide
,
thought
to
seize
upon
his
Treasure
,
and
the
Kingdom
of
Sicily
.
And
the
Monk
of
Padua
,
makes
no
manner
of
difficulty
to
send
him
directly
to
Hell
,
loaden
,
as
he
clownishly
enough
expresseth
it
,
with
a
Sack
full
of
his
sins
.
On
the
contrary
others
affirm
that
he
died
very
peaceably
in
his
Bed
,
between
the
Arms
of
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Palermo
,
year
1250
who
gave
him
absolution
,
he
having
confessed
himself
,
with
marvellous
Sentiments
of
contrition
and
humility
;
that
he
forgave
all
his
Enemies
,
and
submitted
himself
wholly
to
whatsoever
the
Church
should
ordain
concerning
the
restitution
of
what
appertained
to
it
;
by
his
Will
giving
great
Alms
to
pious
uses
,
and
commanding
,
that
for
the
health
of
his
Soul
,
all
the
Prisoners
which
were
in
the
Empire
,
and
in
his
other
Kingdoms
,
except
Traitors
to
the
State
,
should
be
set
at
Liberty
;
and
in
short
,
saying
and
doing
all
the
great
things
which
might
give
hopes
of
his
Salvation
,
But
it
is
frequent
to
find
in
History
Relations
directly
contrary
one
to
another
,
which
the
Passions
of
contemporary
Historians
,
who
have
been
ingaged
in
different
Parties
,
have
left
us
,
and
wherein
it
is
not
very
easie
to
distinguish
Truth
from
Falsehood
,
which
many
times
fails
not
of
very
plausible
Probabilities
to
impose
upon
the
Reader
.
For
my
own
part
,
who
if
I
could
avoid
it
,
would
neither
deceive
any
,
nor
be
deceived
,
I
leave
the
Judgement
of
this
Dead
Prince
to
God
Almighty
,
to
whom
only
it
appertains
,
and
in
his
Character
,
which
I
have
given
,
I
have
drawn
both
the
good
and
the
ill
qualities
,
which
appeared
during
his
Life
;
and
as
to
what
appertains
to
the
History
of
the
Crusades
,
I
only
say
,
that
as
appears
by
an
extract
out
of
his
last
Will
and
Testament
,
which
may
be
seen
in
the
Imperial
Constitutions
of
Goldastus
,
he
gave
a
Legacy
of
a
hundred
thousand
Ounces
of
Gold
,
towards
the
carrying
on
the
War
for
the
recovery
of
the
Holy
Land
;
and
certainly
this
deserves
so
well
,
that
an
Historian
of
the
Crusades
,
is
bound
to
shew
some
respect
to
the
Memory
of
an
Emperor
,
who
after
all
,
performed
many
most
brave
and
noble
Actions
,
if
he
had
not
had
the
misfortune
to
do
some
very
ill
ones
.
year
1251
Mean
while
,
the
King
finding
,
that
he
had
now
an
Army
able
to
take
the
Field
,
he
parted
from
Acre
towards
the
end
of
the
Winter
,
and
went
to
incamp
near
Cesarea
,
which
the
Sarasins
had
demolished
,
and
which
he
undertook
to
rebuild
and
fortifie
,
as
he
did
,
neither
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
nor
the
Egyptians
offering
to
oppose
him
;
in
regard
that
both
the
one
and
the
other
,
were
in
continual
hopes
to
conclude
their
Treaty
with
him
,
and
to
strengthen
themselves
by
his
assistance
in
the
War
which
they
were
about
to
make
.
Here
it
was
that
the
Admirals
of
Egypt
,
to
anticipate
their
Enemy
and
ingage
the
King
into
their
Party
,
sent
their
Commissioners
to
assure
him
,
that
they
were
ready
to
surrender
the
Young
Runnegado's
,
and
the
Heads
of
the
Christians
,
which
they
had
set
upon
the
Walls
and
Towers
of
Grand
Caire
,
and
that
they
would
also
acquit
him
of
the
two
hundred
thousand
Livres
,
which
were
yet
unpaid
,
which
the
King
resolved
before
he
would
treat
with
them
,
in
regard
that
they
had
broken
the
Truce
,
by
not
observing
the
Conditions
of
their
former
Treaty
,
and
thereupon
,
as
the
Admirals
gave
him
all
the
Satisfaction
,
which
he
demanded
,
he
appointed
them
a
day
to
meet
him
at
Jaffa
,
where
a
new
Treaty
was
to
be
made
,
by
which
the
Admirals
obliged
themselves
to
put
into
his
hands
all
the
Places
of
the
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
,
to
which
they
should
for
the
Future
make
no
more
pretensions
;
and
the
King
reciprocally
promised
to
assist
them
with
all
his
Forces
against
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
their
Enemy
.
So
soon
as
the
Sultan
,
who
was
a
man
of
Courage
and
Conduct
,
understood
that
the
King
had
accorded
with
the
Egyptians
,
he
sent
twenty
thousand
men
to
seize
upon
the
Passes
between
Egypt
and
Palestine
;
but
this
did
not
hinder
the
King
from
leading
his
Army
to
Jaffa
,
the
Castle
whereof
was
very
strong
though
the
Town
was
wholly
ruinous
;
and
fell
to
rebuilding
and
fortifyng
of
it
at
great
charges
and
with
incredible
diligence
,
although
the
Enemies
gave
continual
Alarms
to
his
Camp
,
and
daily
made
a
shew
as
if
they
would
attack
it
.
This
made
the
Mamaluke
Admirals
,
who
had
not
yet
set
their
Army
on
foot
,
and
therefore
durst
not
repair
to
Jaffa
,
request
the
King
to
deferr
their
Interview
,
and
to
appoint
another
day
,
when
they
might
be
in
a
condition
to
attend
him
;
and
in
the
mean
time
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
having
assembled
all
his
best
Troops
,
took
a
review
of
them
about
Gadres
,
which
was
anciently
called
Gadara
,
a
strong
City
on
the
other
side
the
Sea
of
Galilee
;
and
from
thence
passing
over
the
Jordan
he
went
and
joined
with
thirty
thousand
Horse
,
which
he
had
sent
before
him
to
the
Frontier
of
Egypt
,
into
which
he
entred
to
revenge
upon
the
Admirals
the
death
of
his
Cousin
.
And
they
who
had
had
leisure
to
prepare
for
his
coming
did
not
fail
to
give
him
a
welcome
like
men
of
Courage
,
year
1251
and
who
understood
War
.
It
came
presently
to
a
Battle
,
and
at
first
the
Sultan
had
the
advantage
,
breaking
in
upon
one
of
their
Wings
so
vigorously
,
that
he
put
it
into
disorder
,
and
wholly
routed
it
.
But
the
Egyptians
,
understanding
that
their
Army
was
Victorious
in
the
other
Wing
,
rallied
,
and
came
to
the
charge
more
furiously
than
before
against
their
Vanquishers
;
and
then
those
also
,
who
had
been
Victorious
on
the
other
side
falling
upon
their
Rere
,
cut
them
in
pieces
and
made
the
Victory
so
complete
,
that
all
the
Sultan
could
do
was
to
save
himself
,
and
retreat
to
Gadres
sorely
wounded
,
with
two
thousand
men
which
only
escaped
in
that
Bloody
Battle
.
After
this
great
Victory
,
the
Admirals
made
a
suddain
turn
like
able
Politicians
.
For
now
perceiving
that
they
had
no
more
need
of
the
Arms
of
the
King
,
they
believed
that
to
preserve
to
themselves
the
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
,
which
by
Treaty
they
were
obliged
to
surrender
unto
him
,
it
was
much
better
for
them
to
make
Peace
with
the
Sultan
,
who
seing
himself
abandoned
by
the
King
,
would
without
doubt
be
very
glad
to
revenge
himself
,
and
for
fear
of
having
both
Armies
upon
his
Hands
,
year
1252
to
accomodate
matters
with
them
.
They
sent
therefore
to
him
to
Gadres
,
offering
him
Peace
,
and
at
the
same
time
desiring
it
from
him
.
They
excused
themselves
for
the
death
of
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
his
Cousin
,
by
the
necessity
,
which
they
had
to
prevent
their
own
by
giving
him
his
;
and
remonstrated
to
him
,
that
it
was
for
their
Common
Interests
,
rather
to
unite
against
the
Christians
,
who
were
their
Common
Enemies
,
than
by
their
divisions
to
give
them
the
opportunity
to
make
use
of
their
Arms
to
the
mutual
destruction
one
of
another
.
The
Sultan
,
who
desired
nothing
so
much
,
willingly
harkned
to
the
Proposition
,
so
that
without
any
difficulty
,
a
Peace
was
presently
concluded
betwixt
them
;
and
the
King
by
too
long
deferring
to
conclude
with
the
one
or
the
other
of
them
,
was
miserably
deceived
by
them
both
,
and
lost
not
only
the
noblest
opportunity
of
recovering
the
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
by
an
honourable
Treaty
,
but
on
the
suddain
found
he
had
two
puissant
Enemies
,
to
encounter
,
who
would
now
no
more
hear
either
of
a
Peace
or
a
Truce
,
and
who
might
easily
have
both
been
ruined
,
by
keeping
up
the
Quarrel
between
them
,
and
uniting
with
the
one
against
the
other
,
as
they
both
desired
.
But
though
the
King
was
a
great
Saint
,
we
must
not
believe
that
Saintships
render
men
infallible
,
especially
in
Policy
,
and
above
all
not
in
matters
of
War
,
which
is
the
remotest
thing
from
Religion
,
whose
Principles
are
those
of
Love
and
Peace
.
All
the
advantage
,
which
the
King
gained
by
this
Rencontre
,
was
to
quit
himself
of
the
two
hundred
thousand
Livres
to
the
Admirals
,
which
yet
in
reality
he
was
no
ways
obliged
to
pay
,
after
they
had
so
perfidiously
broken
their
first
Treaty
.
Sometime
after
they
had
made
this
Peace
with
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
,
although
they
saw
they
had
nothing
to
fear
,
either
from
this
Prince
,
their
Allie
,
or
from
the
Christians
,
who
were
in
too
weak
a
condition
to
attack
them
;
yet
considering
that
it
was
impossible
for
their
Empire
to
subsist
any
considerable
time
without
a
Head
,
they
resolved
at
last
to
create
one
of
their
own
Body
to
the
exclusion
of
the
Arabians
,
Egyptians
,
and
all
the
Descendants
of
the
Great
Saladin
and
Saphadin
.
And
being
well
assured
that
there
were
none
able
to
oppose
them
,
they
accordingly
chose
for
their
Sultan
one
of
the
Mamaluke
Admirals
,
whom
they
named
Azzadin
Aibec
,
or
Elmahec
:
For
there
is
not
one
of
these
Sultans
,
but
who
have
different
names
,
in
diverse
Authors
,
who
have
writ
concerning
them
.
This
Sultan
was
a
Turcoman
by
Nation
,
and
from
thence
it
is
,
that
many
Historians
call
him
Turquemin
.
However
from
this
time
the
Mamalukes
held
the
Empire
of
Egypt
,
not
by
Succession
but
Election
,
till
the
Year
one
thousand
five
hundred
and
seventeen
,
when
Selim
the
Emperor
of
the
Turks
conquered
it
,
after
he
had
in
a
great
Battle
overthrown
and
near
Grand
Caire
taken
Tomombey
their
last
Sultan
.
Mean
time
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
under
the
Favour
of
this
Peace
,
having
assembled
his
Army
,
came
with
thirty
thousand
men
to
discharge
his
Indignation
upon
the
Territories
of
the
Christians
.
He
presented
himself
before
Acre
,
and
threatned
to
fire
the
Suburbs
,
if
they
would
not
redeem
them
from
that
danger
,
with
fifty
thousand
Bysances
of
Gold
;
but
the
Lord
of
Assur
,
the
Constable
of
the
Realm
,
thought
fit
to
pay
him
in
another
Metal
,
year
1252
and
sent
him
away
loaden
with
Blows
instead
of
the
Money
he
demanded
.
And
from
thence
therefore
having
understood
,
that
the
King
,
who
had
rebuilded
Jaffa
,
was
about
to
repair
Sidon
or
Sajetta
,
had
but
a
few
Troops
with
him
,
by
reason
that
he
had
sent
the
greatest
part
of
his
Souldiers
to
seize
upon
Belinas
,
formerly
called
Cesarea
Philippi
,
he
marched
with
a
design
to
surprize
him
.
The
King
,
who
was
advertised
thereof
,
was
obliged
to
retire
into
the
Castle
and
to
quit
the
Town
,
which
was
not
yet
in
a
condition
to
be
defended
.
The
Sarasins
therefore
having
surprized
and
cut
in
pieces
two
thousand
of
the
Servants
and
Peasants
,
who
followed
the
Camp
,
entred
without
resistance
into
Sidon
,
which
they
once
again
demolished
,
overthrowing
the
Walls
to
the
very
Foundation
.
But
the
Sultan
being
afraid
that
the
other
part
of
the
Army
,
which
had
by
force
taken
Belinas
,
should
march
and
take
Damascus
,
he
marched
away
in
all
haste
to
defend
his
Capital
City
.
Whilest
the
Troops
which
he
feared
,
having
not
been
able
to
take
the
Castle
of
Belinas
,
and
being
drawn
from
a
dangerous
Country
by
the
Wise
Conduct
of
Oliver
de
Termes
,
one
of
the
most
hardy
and
Valiant
Knights
of
the
Army
marched
back
again
by
another
way
to
join
the
King
of
Sidon
.
year
1253
It
was
at
this
place
,
that
this
great
Saint
did
that
admirable
Action
of
Charity
and
Humility
,
which
to
this
very
day
surprizes
all
mens
minds
with
wonder
,
for
that
he
might
oblige
both
the
Officers
and
Souldiers
,
to
render
with
him
the
last
duty
to
those
poor
creatures
,
who
had
been
slain
by
the
Sarasins
,
and
lay
unburied
,
whose
Bodies
lay
half
putrefied
above
ground
near
the
City
,
he
himself
took
the
most
infected
of
them
upon
his
Royal
shouldiers
,
carrying
those
to
their
interment
,
whose
offensive
smell
was
scarcely
to
be
endured
,
without
shewing
any
manner
of
aversion
for
his
loathsome
burden
,
as
did
those
of
his
retinue
,
and
without
receiving
the
least
inconvenience
from
these
infected
Bodies
.
A
rare
example
even
among
the
greatest
Saints
,
but
much
more
among
the
greatest
Princes
,
and
which
may
well
make
the
delicacy
of
those
blush
,
who
being
so
much
below
such
elevated
Majesty
have
such
an
extreme
aversion
for
the
Exercises
of
Christian
Piety
,
when
they
are
never
so
little
contrary
to
the
Inclinations
of
Nature
;
so
that
they
are
only
contented
to
serve
God
when
they
can
so
accomodate
his
service
with
their
own
,
as
that
they
may
do
it
without
losing
any
thing
of
either
their
profit
or
their
pleasure
.
After
this
,
the
King
,
according
to
the
desires
of
the
Lords
of
the
Country
,
began
to
repair
the
ruins
of
Sidon
,
which
he
made
stronger
than
ever
it
had
been
before
.
He
did
the
same
to
the
City
and
Castle
of
Caiphas
,
which
was
very
necessary
for
covering
the
City
of
Acre
,
whose
Walls
and
Towers
also
he
took
care
to
repair
,
and
to
fortifie
the
Suburbs
in
such
a
manner
as
to
put
them
in
safety
against
the
attempts
of
the
Sarasins
.
This
did
so
much
surprize
them
with
wonder
,
that
they
were
not
able
sufficiently
to
admire
the
Power
,
the
Riches
,
and
the
Magnificence
of
this
great
King
,
who
after
he
had
,
as
they
thought
,
by
his
extreme
misfortune
lost
all
in
Egypt
,
had
still
so
much
treasure
as
to
defray
those
prodigious
expences
,
which
it
is
well
known
are
so
necessary
for
the
maintaining
of
Armies
,
building
of
Cities
,
and
erecting
of
Fortresses
.
In
short
,
during
the
time
that
he
remained
in
the
Holy
Land
,
he
fully
satisfied
his
devotion
to
God
as
well
as
his
Duty
to
the
Interest
of
the
Country
,
for
he
visited
the
Holy
Mountain
of
Tabor
,
and
the
Sacred
Chamber
of
Nazareth
,
where
,
accompanied
with
the
Legate
and
all
the
Lords
,
he
celebrated
the
Feast
of
the
Annunciation
with
the
magnificence
of
a
King
,
thereby
to
honour
God
more
eminently
among
the
Infidels
with
the
Piety
of
a
Saint
,
and
to
inflame
the
devotion
of
the
Christians
of
the
Country
,
who
generally
were
not
addicted
too
much
to
it
,
or
to
lead
their
Lives
conformable
to
the
Holiness
of
those
sacred
places
,
which
they
did
inhabit
.
Above
all
,
he
had
an
extreme
desire
to
visit
the
Holy
City
of
Jerusalem
,
whose
Walls
the
Sarasins
had
rebuilded
,
and
who
would
willingly
have
given
him
the
liberty
to
enter
into
it
as
a
Pilgrim
.
But
his
Council
did
not
think
it
convenient
,
that
one
of
the
greatest
Kings
of
Christendom
ought
to
go
thither
to
worship
Jesus
Christ
before
his
Holy
Sepulchre
,
before
he
had
conquered
it
from
the
Infidels
;
for
otherwise
they
said
,
the
other
Princes
,
who
after
him
should
undertake
the
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
,
would
believe
themselves
acquitted
of
their
Duty
,
year
1253
when
they
should
have
accomplished
their
Pilgrimage
as
the
King
of
France
had
done
,
which
might
be
of
great
prejudice
to
the
Crusades
,
the
end
of
which
was
to
be
the
deliverance
of
Jerusalem
.
year
1254
The
King
,
who
was
resolved
that
his
private
Devotion
and
Piety
should
never
be
prejudicial
to
the
Rights
of
his
Royal
Majesty
,
which
ought
to
be
maintained
inviolably
,
yielded
his
desires
to
this
advice
;
And
therefore
,
after
having
acted
for
five
years
so
advantageously
for
the
Affairs
of
the
Holy
Land
,
by
putting
all
the
Maritim
places
of
the
Country
into
a
very
good
condition
;
having
received
the
sad
news
of
the
death
of
Queen
Blanche
,
his
Mother
,
for
whom
he
had
ever
had
a
most
Infinite
tenderness
and
Reverence
,
and
seeing
that
thereupon
his
presence
would
be
absolutely
necessary
in
his
Realm
,
he
resolved
at
last
to
return
.
But
for
the
safety
of
Palestine
he
left
the
Legate
there
with
considerable
store
of
money
,
and
a
good
part
of
his
Army
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Wise
and
Valiant
Geoffrey
de
Sergines
.
After
which
,
upon
the
three
and
twentieth
of
April
,
he
imbarked
with
the
rest
of
his
People
upon
fourteen
Ships
,
in
the
greatest
of
which
he
would
have
,
together
with
the
Queen
and
the
Princes
,
his
Children
,
Jesus
Christ
himself
present
in
the
most
Holy
Sacrament
of
the
Altar
,
both
for
the
consolation
,
and
the
security
of
his
Voyage
.
And
it
was
under
the
Conduct
of
this
Divine
Pilot
,
who
nevertheless
seemed
sometimes
to
sleep
during
the
Tempest
,
that
having
escaped
the
most
extraordinary
dangers
,
which
during
two
months
he
had
run
at
Sea
,
he
at
last
landed
at
Yeres
,
from
whence
coming
into
France
,
he
went
directly
to
St.
Dennis
,
to
render
most
humble
thanks
unto
Almighty
God
for
his
return
,
which
he
acknowledged
he
had
obtained
by
the
intercession
of
the
Holy
Martyrs
,
the
Protectors
of
France
.
The
Queen
,
who
in
an
eniment
danger
of
suffering
shipwrack
had
made
a
Vow
,
that
if
she
escaped
,
she
would
send
a
ship
of
Silver
to
St.
Nicholas
in
Lorrain
,
did
not
fail
to
accomplish
it
.
She
caused
this
Ship
to
be
made
,
wherein
is
to
be
seen
her
Picture
from
the
Life
,
together
with
that
of
the
King
,
and
the
three
Princes
,
her
Children
.
The
Steward
of
Champagne
,
and
Joinville
,
who
had
persuaded
her
to
make
this
Vow
,
did
himself
carry
this
Offering
,
marching
barefoot
from
Joinville
to
this
famous
Church
of
St.
Nicholas
,
where
it
hath
pleased
God
to
continue
to
this
day
,
the
working
of
an
infinite
of
Wonders
for
the
Honour
of
this
Holy
Bishop
,
the
Protector
of
those
who
sail
upon
the
Sea
.
year
1255
But
whilest
France
enjoyed
the
happy
Fruits
of
the
Presence
of
the
King
,
who
by
his
wise
Government
maintained
it
in
a
most
profound
tranquillity
,
Palestine
began
to
feel
those
misfortunes
,
which
fell
upon
it
in
his
absence
,
by
the
deadly
division
,
which
had
he
been
there
he
would
have
prevented
,
and
which
was
the
last
cause
of
the
loss
of
the
Holy
Land
.
The
Venetians
,
the
Genoese
,
and
the
Pisans
,
who
had
most
advantageously
served
in
all
the
Crusades
by
their
shipping
,
had
in
Acre
their
quarter
and
their
Jurisdiction
assigned
them
,
and
their
Magistrate
,
who
was
Independant
of
any
other
;
though
the
Church
of
the
fair
Monastery
of
St.
Sabas
was
common
to
the
three
Nations
for
the
celebration
of
the
Divine
Offices
.
The
Venetians
and
the
Genoese
,
who
in
those
times
rarely
agreed
,
had
abundance
of
quarrels
under
diverse
pretences
,
which
served
to
cover
the
true
cause
of
all
these
Embroilments
,
which
in
truth
was
the
Jealousie
of
State
and
the
Ambition
,
which
they
had
to
be
the
sole
Masters
of
the
Sea
;
and
every
one
of
them
equally
pretended
,
that
this
Church
appertained
solely
to
their
Republick
.
And
whereas
Alexander
the
fourth
,
who
succeeded
to
Pope
Innocent
,
had
declared
that
the
Church
ought
to
be
in
common
to
the
three
Nations
;
the
Genoese
,
who
first
received
this
declaration
,
nevertheless
being
supported
by
the
Authority
and
the
Forces
of
Count
Philip
de
Montfort
,
who
was
then
the
Governour
of
Ptolemais
,
chased
the
Venetians
from
the
City
,
and
seized
upon
the
Church
and
the
Monastery
,
which
they
fortified
in
the
form
of
a
Cittadel
.
They
took
for
their
Pretext
a
great
violence
,
which
a
Venetian
had
offered
to
a
Genoese
,
whom
he
used
very
scurvily
,
and
which
had
been
sufficiently
revenged
by
the
Genoeses
upon
the
Venetians
,
who
would
never
receive
the
excuses
,
which
had
been
offered
to
them
in
the
name
of
the
Republick
,
which
constantly
disavowed
these
actions
of
private
Persons
.
The
War
then
being
declared
in
this
manner
,
by
the
Way
of
Fact
,
year
1256
the
Venetians
,
assisted
by
the
Pisans
,
who
declared
for
them
,
in
renouncing
the
Amity
of
the
Genoese
,
with
whom
they
were
confederated
before
,
rigged
out
a
potent
Navy
,
year
1257
with
which
they
seized
upon
the
Port
of
Ptolemais
,
burnt
the
Genoese
ships
,
entred
the
City
and
there
fought
,
gaining
by
Inches
the
quarter
of
the
Enemy
;
besieging
and
forcing
the
Monastery
,
year
1258
the
Church
of
St.
Sabas
,
and
chasing
from
Ptolemais
Count
Philip
and
the
Genoese
,
who
retreated
to
Tyre
;
from
whence
,
coming
the
year
following
,
with
nine
and
forty
Gallies
and
four
great
men
of
War
,
they
came
to
a
great
Battle
which
they
lost
between
Ptolemais
and
Caiphas
.
So
that
the
Cities
,
the
Princes
,
the
Lords
and
all
the
Knights
of
the
Country
,
being
divided
upon
this
quarrel
,
some
declaring
for
the
Venetians
,
and
others
for
the
Genoese
,
their
happened
between
these
two
Potent
Republicks
a
most
cruel
War
,
which
being
from
time
to
time
suspended
by
Feeble
Treaties
,
which
were
quickly
broken
,
continued
for
a
whole
Age
,
to
the
great
prejudice
of
all
Christendom
,
and
especially
to
the
Affairs
of
the
East
,
being
the
principal
Cause
of
the
irreparable
loss
of
all
.
And
certainly
the
Sarasins
of
Syria
and
Mesopotamia
had
not
failed
upon
such
a
deplorable
opportunity
,
as
was
this
miserable
division
,
to
have
ruined
the
Christians
of
the
Holy
Land
,
if
God
had
not
at
the
same
time
raised
other
Enemies
against
those
Infidels
to
destroy
them
.
For
the
Tartars
having
subdued
all
Persia
passed
over
the
Tygris
under
the
Conduct
of
Halon
,
the
Brother
of
Mangon
,
the
Great
Cham
of
Tartary
.
That
Prince
,
who
is
reported
to
have
been
a
Christian
and
a
great
Enemy
to
the
Mahometans
,
having
endeavoured
to
push
his
Conquests
to
the
Mediterranean
Sea
,
was
now
going
to
lay
Siege
to
the
City
of
Bagdad
,
which
is
not
,
as
hath
been
believed
,
the
ancient
Babylon
of
the
Chaldeans
,
which
was
situate
upon
the
River
Euphrates
,
and
of
which
there
are
now
not
so
much
as
the
ruins
remaining
.
For
this
which
still
carries
something
of
the
Name
,
is
above
fifty
miles
from
Euphrates
,
and
stands
upon
the
Tygris
,
near
the
place
,
where
was
anciently
the
Famous
City
of
Seleucia
.
There
was
the
principal
Seat
of
the
Mahometan
Empire
in
those
times
,
where
the
Caliph
,
whom
all
the
other
Sultans
acknowledged
at
least
in
appearance
for
their
Head
,
and
the
cheif
Priest
of
their
Law
,
kept
his
Court.
Now
the
Caliph
,
then
in
being
,
as
he
was
not
at
all
martially
inclined
,
so
was
so
extremely
covetous
,
that
though
he
was
prodigiously
rich
,
yet
would
he
not
be
at
any
Charge
,
either
to
fortifie
the
City
or
to
maintain
a
good
Garrison
;
so
that
the
City
was
instantly
taken
by
the
Tartar
,
who
after
he
had
put
to
the
Sword
all
the
Sarasins
,
which
he
found
there
,
caused
the
miserable
Caliph
to
be
locked
up
in
one
of
the
Chambers
,
where
his
Treasure
lay
,
amongst
an
infinite
quantity
of
Rich
Furniture
,
Plate
Money
,
and
Jewels
,
telling
him
with
a
terrible
and
Bloody
Rallery
,
that
since
he
so
delighted
in
Riches
,
and
was
so
passionately
in
Love
with
Gold
and
Silver
,
he
should
be
treated
according
to
his
Inclinations
,
and
eat
nothing
less
delicate
than
Gold
.
Thus
this
Unfortunate
Miser
,
who
was
the
last
of
the
Caliphs
,
the
Successors
of
Mahomet
,
died
with
hunger
,
in
the
midst
of
a
most
incredible
abundance
of
Gold
,
Silver
,
Pearls
and
Gemms
,
the
sight
whereof
would
not
content
nature
,
or
satisfie
her
necessities
,
and
with
which
,
if
he
had
known
how
to
use
them
,
he
might
have
avoided
this
miserable
Destiny
,
and
at
least
have
died
nobly
at
the
head
of
an
Army
sighting
for
his
Life
and
Liberty
,
with
this
Treasure
,
which
would
have
raised
and
paid
them
and
have
possibly
secured
him
from
this
insolent
Tartar
.
A
great
but
most
just
punishment
of
a
Covetous
Wretch
,
who
having
all
his
Life
made
Idols
of
his
Riches
,
without
daring
to
touch
them
more
than
if
they
had
been
most
Sacred
things
,
deservedly
learnt
at
his
death
,
that
these
false
Divinities
had
not
the
Power
either
to
save
his
Soul
or
his
Body
,
and
that
Gold
and
Silver
are
no
further
valuable
than
by
the
good
use
which
is
made
of
them
.
year
1259
After
this
Victory
the
Tartar
Prince
entred
into
Mesopotamia
,
which
yielded
to
the
Conqueror
without
resistance
,
took
Edessa
,
passed
the
Euphrates
,
made
himself
Master
of
Samothracia
,
Emessa
,
Haman
,
Harenc
,
and
all
the
places
which
the
Sultan
had
taken
from
the
Christians
in
Syria
;
besieged
,
and
by
storm
took
Alepo
,
which
is
thought
to
have
been
the
Ancient
Berea
;
and
there
he
took
the
Sultan
Prisoner
,
whom
he
carried
in
Irons
to
Damascus
,
constraining
the
Inhabitants
to
yield
,
after
they
had
seen
their
Captive
Sultan
put
to
death
before
their
Eyes
.
And
from
thence
returning
with
a
small
retinue
into
Tartary
upon
the
news
,
which
arrived
of
his
Brother's
death
to
whom
he
was
to
succeed
,
year
1260
he
left
the
Command
of
the
Army
to
his
Lieutenant
Cathogoba
.
And
he
,
who
was
imbroiled
with
the
Christians
,
whom
before
he
seemed
to
favour
,
entred
into
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
and
there
took
Cesarea
and
Sidon
,
and
began
to
threaten
Ptolemais
,
when
the
Christians
received
a
suddain
assistance
from
Egypt
,
from
whence
they
least
expected
it
.
The
first
of
the
Mamaluke
Sultans
Atbec
or
Elmehec
,
having
been
strangled
in
a
Bath
by
his
own
Wise
,
after
he
had
reigned
five
years
;
the
Admirals
,
who
revenged
his
death
by
the
Punishment
of
this
Murderess
of
her
Husband
,
by
common
consent
made
choice
of
his
Son
Almansor
,
who
was
within
a
year
dethroned
by
one
of
his
Emirs
,
whom
the
rest
placed
upon
the
Throne
and
made
him
Sultan
,
giving
him
the
name
of
Melech
Elvahet
.
This
new
Sultan
,
who
was
a
great
Captain
,
searing
that
the
Tartars
,
after
having
conquered
Palestine
would
come
pouring
into
Egypt
,
resolved
to
prevent
them
.
For
this
purpose
therefore
having
drawn
together
,
all
the
Forces
of
Egypt
,
he
entred
into
Palestine
,
and
made
an
Alliance
with
the
Christians
of
the
Country
against
their
Common
Enemies
;
and
after
he
had
for
three
days
refreshed
his
Army
about
Ptolemais
he
marched
directly
against
the
Tartars
,
who
ravaged
Galilee
,
and
upon
the
third
of
October
gave
them
Battle
in
the
Plain
of
Tiberias
,
where
he
cut
the
greatest
part
of
them
in
pieces
and
routed
the
rest
,
and
slew
their
General
Cathogoba
upon
the
place
;
and
having
thus
delivered
himself
from
this
formidable
Enemy
,
he
returned
covered
with
Glory
and
loaden
with
Spoils
into
Egypt
.
But
a
while
after
,
one
of
his
principal
Emirs
,
whose
name
was
Bondogar
or
Bendocdar
,
who
continually
importuned
him
to
turn
his
Victorious
Arms
,
against
the
Christians
,
seeing
that
,
contrary
to
the
Custom
of
these
Barbarians
,
he
would
not
violate
the
Faith
which
he
had
given
them
,
he
most
barbarously
murdered
him
,
and
caused
himself
to
be
chosen
Sultan
by
the
Mamalukes
,
who
infinitely
esteemed
him
for
his
Courage
.
And
in
truth
,
as
he
was
the
most
brave
,
the
most
able
and
Politick
,
so
he
was
also
the
most
wicked
,
persidious
,
and
most
cruel
of
all
these
Barbarians
.
For
to
the
end
,
that
he
might
reign
in
safety
,
he
put
to
death
all
that
he
could
find
of
the
race
of
the
former
Sultans
;
and
in
a
little
time
fourscore
of
the
Admirals
also
fell
,
under
diverse
Pretexts
,
as
Sacrifices
to
his
Jeasousie
,
being
in
reality
guilty
of
no
other
Crime
,
but
the
fear
of
the
Tyrant
,
who
believing
that
they
were
as
wicked
as
himself
,
was
under
the
continual
apprehensions
,
whilst
they
were
living
,
that
they
should
treat
him
one
day
in
the
same
cruel
manner
as
he
had
done
his
Predecessor
:
and
by
this
procedure
he
rendred
himself
so
terrible
to
all
his
Subjects
,
that
no
person
durst
so
much
as
adventure
to
make
a
Visit
to
an
acquaintance
,
or
to
talk
with
a
particular
Friend
,
lest
it
might
raise
a
Jealousie
in
the
Sultan
,
which
did
not
fail
to
be
followed
by
the
death
of
him
against
whom
it
was
conceived
.
But
as
for
any
thing
else
,
he
had
whatever
was
requisite
to
make
him
a
Conqueror
,
for
he
was
Bold
,
undertaking
,
fearless
,
cunning
,
vigilant
,
sober
,
chast
,
not
permitting
his
Souldiers
,
either
Wine
or
Women
,
which
he
said
weakned
both
there
Bodies
,
and
their
Minds
,
and
took
away
from
them
all
the
Vigour
of
Warriours
,
and
above
all
he
had
Fortune
for
his
Reward
,
and
a
constant
Success
when
ever
he
acted
by
himself
.
Such
a
Person
was
Bendocdar
,
who
had
not
slain
his
Predecessor
,
but
because
he
refused
to
make
War
against
the
Christians
,
against
whom
consequently
he
did
not
fail
presently
to
lead
the
Victorious
Army
,
which
had
defeated
the
Tartars
.
year
1261
This
was
most
fatal
to
the
Christians
of
the
Holy
Land
.
For
the
Infidels
having
at
first
defeated
the
Troops
of
the
Lords
of
Baruth
and
Giblet
with
those
of
Ptolemais
,
year
1262
and
the
Templers
,
who
were
got
together
to
oppose
this
Enemy
,
who
surprized
them
,
he
wasted
and
ruined
all
the
Country
,
as
far
as
to
Antioch
;
after
which
he
came
and
presented
himself
with
thirty
thousand
Horse
before
Ptolemais
,
year
1263
ruined
the
Suburbs
and
came
up
to
the
very
Gates
of
the
City
,
not
a
man
daring
to
Sally
out
to
oppose
him
;
he
ruined
the
Church
and
Monastry
of
Bethlehem
,
year
1264
took
Cesarea
by
Treason
,
the
City
and
Castle
of
Assur
by
a
long
Seige
,
and
the
impregnable
Fortress
of
Sephet
by
composition
.
But
the
Persidious
Infidel
,
basely
broke
his
Articles
,
year
1265
for
he
put
to
Death
the
Governour
and
the
whole
Garrison
,
which
consisted
in
six
hundred
Men
;
because
that
having
given
them
one
Nights
time
to
resolve
whether
they
would
save
their
Lives
by
turning
Mahometans
,
they
were
so
incouraged
by
the
Fathers
,
James
of
Pavia
,
year
1266
and
Jeremy
of
Geneva
,
two
fervently
Religious
of
the
Order
of
St.
Francis
,
and
by
the
Prior
of
the
Temple
,
that
the
next
Day
they
all
unanimously
chose
to
lose
their
Heads
,
which
were
accordingly
taken
from
them
,
to
receive
the
Glorious
Crown
of
Martyrdom
.
As
for
the
two
Cordeliers
,
and
the
generous
Prior
of
the
Temple
,
who
had
so
well
animated
the
others
to
suffer
for
the
sake
of
Christ
,
they
also
received
the
Palms
of
Victory
,
but
after
a
manner
more
Glorious
than
the
rest
.
For
the
Tyrant
furiously
incensed
against
them
,
for
having
snatched
the
Prey
out
of
his
hands
,
and
robbed
him
of
what
he
thought
to
have
made
the
Glory
of
his
Victory
,
was
so
filled
with
Rage
and
Madness
against
them
,
that
he
caused
them
to
be
roasted
alive
,
and
cruelly
beaten
with
Cudgels
,
whilest
they
were
in
this
dreadful
manner
exposed
to
the
Flames
,
and
afterwards
causing
them
to
be
dragged
to
the
place
where
the
others
were
beheaded
,
he
caused
their
Heads
also
to
be
cut
off
there
.
But
he
had
the
amazing
displeasure
,
to
see
that
God
did
Honor
to
his
Martyrs
,
by
a
Heavenly
Light
,
which
he
himself
with
all
his
Sarasins
,
saw
shining
every
Night
about
their
Bodies
;
insomuch
that
he
was
obliged
for
the
hiding
of
their
Glory
and
his
own
Infamy
,
to
inclose
the
place
with
a
mighty
high
Wall
,
to
hinder
the
sight
of
this
wonder
,
so
confounding
to
his
,
and
so
honourable
to
the
Christian
Religion
.
year
1267
But
he
still
pursuing
the
Torrent
of
his
Conquests
,
which
found
nothing
that
was
able
to
stop
their
impetuous
Course
,
took
the
City
and
Castle
of
Jaffa
by
treachery
,
a
little
after
the
Death
of
Count
John
,
for
he
never
durst
attempt
it
so
long
as
that
Noble
Earl
lived
.
He
also
made
himself
Master
of
the
Fortress
of
Beaufort
,
and
the
most
part
of
the
places
which
appertained
to
the
Templers
.
And
after
having
ravaged
all
the
plain
Country
about
Acre
,
Tyre
,
and
Sidon
,
and
burnt
the
Suburbs
of
Tripolis
,
he
turned
once
again
short
upon
Antioch
.
year
1268
He
found
that
great
City
so
unprovided
of
all
manner
of
necessaries
to
sustain
a
Siege
,
by
reason
of
the
absence
of
Prince
Conrade
,
Cousin
of
Conradin
,
to
whose
assistance
he
was
gone
into
Italy
,
that
he
took
it
without
resistance
,
slew
there
seventeen
thousand
Men
,
and
carried
above
a
hundred
thousand
into
Captivity
.
Thus
this
City
so
illustrious
,
that
it
was
sometimes
called
the
Eye
of
the
East
,
in
regard
of
its
admirable
Beauty
,
and
which
the
first
Crusades
were
not
able
to
take
but
with
a
nine
Months
Siege
,
which
a
thousand
Heroick
Actions
,
which
were
there
done
,
have
rendred
so
Famous
in
History
,
was
taken
in
a
moment
,
and
desolated
to
that
degree
by
the
Mamalukes
,
that
it
became
a
vast
solitude
,
as
it
still
continues
to
this
Day
.
So
little
assurance
is
there
of
any
thing
in
this
World
,
where
there
needs
no
more
but
one
Moment
to
Ruin
and
Destroy
what
hath
been
growing
a
many
Ages
.
Thus
Bendoedar
who
found
no
more
Enemies
in
the
Field
,
to
give
the
least
check
to
his
Conquests
,
still
pushed
his
good
Fortune
forward
into
Syria
,
whilest
the
Christians
of
the
East
,
divided
into
divers
Factions
,
seemed
to
combine
with
him
for
their
mutual
destruction
.
And
in
vain
were
any
Succours
expected
from
the
West
;
for
the
Assistance
which
the
Armenians
and
the
Tartars
came
to
desire
against
the
Sarasins
,
were
always
either
hindred
or
diverted
by
the
Quarrels
,
which
continued
between
the
Popes
and
the
House
of
Suabia
,
and
which
were
not
to
be
determined
,
but
by
the
downfal
of
that
Noble
House
,
to
raise
upon
its
ruines
that
of
France
,
which
consequently
took
up
the
design
of
that
Crusade
again
.
And
it
is
this
which
I
am
now
obliged
to
relate
for
the
finishing
of
this
History
of
the
Crusades
.
After
the
Death
of
Frederick
the
Second
,
Pope
Innocent
did
not
fail
to
Excommunicate
Conrade
,
the
Eldest
Son
of
that
Prince
,
because
he
stiled
himself
Emperor
,
against
William
,
Earl
of
Holland
,
whom
some
German
Princes
,
who
were
of
the
Pope's
Party
,
had
chosen
to
oppose
Frederick
.
Conrade
,
who
wanting
the
good
qualities
of
his
Father
,
had
all
the
ill
ones
,
and
all
the
fierceness
,
the
Cruelty
,
the
insatiable
desire
of
Revenge
,
and
the
implacable
hatred
against
the
Popes
,
entred
with
great
Forces
into
Italy
,
where
he
was
with
joy
received
by
the
Gibelins
,
and
favoured
by
the
Venetians
,
upon
whose
Shipping
he
passed
the
Gulph
into
Pavia
;
and
having
joyned
the
Troops
of
his
natural
Brother
Mainfrey
,
his
Lieutenant
General
in
that
Realm
,
year
1268
he
reduced
under
his
obeysance
,
in
a
short
time
,
what
ever
had
declared
for
the
Pope
,
and
having
at
last
taken
Naples
,
he
there
executed
his
most
cruel
Vengeance
,
by
the
Desolation
of
that
fair
and
flourishing
City
.
This
so
amazed
the
Pope
,
Innocent
,
who
after
he
had
struck
him
with
the
Anathema
,
had
no
other
Arms
,
to
which
he
might
have
recourse
to
oppose
him
,
that
he
believed
he
was
obliged
,
to
cause
a
Crusade
to
be
published
against
him
;
which
without
doubt
did
not
contribute
much
to
the
Success
of
that
which
proved
so
unfortunate
against
the
Sarasins
.
And
at
the
same
time
he
caused
the
two
Kingdoms
of
Naples
and
Sicily
to
be
offered
,
first
to
Charles
d'
Anjou
,
who
would
not
then
accept
them
without
the
consent
of
the
King
,
his
Brother
,
who
was
then
in
Syria
;
and
afterwards
to
Richard
,
Brother
to
Henry
,
the
King
of
England
;
but
he
also
refused
them
,
not
thinking
it
was
at
all
agreeable
to
Justice
or
a
good
Conscience
,
to
despoil
the
young
Prince
Henry
,
his
Nephew
,
to
whom
the
Emperor
Frederick
had
left
,
for
his
share
,
the
Kingdom
of
Sicily
.
Whilest
matters
stood
thus
,
Conrade
,
who
had
underhand
procured
the
Death
of
this
little
Prince
,
his
Brother
,
that
he
might
have
his
Kingdom
,
died
himself
of
Poison
,
which
as
it
was
believed
was
given
him
by
his
Brother
Mainfrey
,
to
whom
,
as
not
suspecting
him
Guilty
of
his
Death
,
Conrade
left
the
Tuition
of
his
Son
Conradin
,
then
an
Infant
of
the
Age
of
three
Years
.
Innocent
resolving
to
take
advantage
of
his
Death
,
went
and
presented
himself
before
Naples
,
where
in
hatred
of
Conrade
,
he
was
received
with
great
Applauses
.
Mainfrey
himself
,
being
surprized
,
also
submitted
to
him
,
and
was
received
with
all
Civil
treatment
.
But
presently
after
throwing
himself
into
Nocere
,
whither
the
Emperor
Frederick
had
transplanted
the
Sarasins
of
Sicily
,
he
raised
an
Army
and
took
the
Field
,
and
Fortune
declaring
her self
at
first
in
his
favour
,
he
in
a
Battle
defeated
the
Army
of
the
Pope
,
which
was
Commanded
by
the
Cardinal
de
Fiesque
,
the
Nephew
of
Innocent
,
who
being
then
Sick
,
when
he
received
this
News
at
Naples
,
died
in
a
few
Days
after
.
Alexander
the
Fourth
,
his
Successor
,
had
also
the
same
Fortune
;
for
having
Excommunicated
Mainfrey
,
this
Prince
,
who
from
the
Example
of
his
Father
,
had
learnt
not
to
fear
these
Roman
Thunderbolts
,
Marched
directly
against
the
Pontifical
Army
,
which
had
taken
the
Field
under
the
Conduct
of
Cardinal
Vbald
;
and
he
,
not
being
so
great
a
Captain
as
his
Enemy
,
also
lost
a
Battle
which
was
fought
between
them
.
Hereupon
Mainfrey
,
fierce
with
these
two
Victories
,
and
sure
of
the
Favour
of
the
Populace
,
which
always
follows
the
strongest
side
,
caused
himself
to
be
Proclaimed
King
of
Naples
and
Sicily
,
with
as
much
ease
,
as
he
had
with
dexterity
caused
the
report
to
be
spread
of
the
Death
of
the
little
Conradin
,
his
Nephew
.
After
which
he
lead
his
Victorious
Army
into
the
Ecclesiastick
Estates
,
where
finding
little
resistance
,
he
seized
upon
the
County
of
Fondi
,
and
his
Partisans
being
animated
by
the
report
of
his
Victories
,
the
Gibelin
Faction
became
presently
the
most
powerful
,
but
principally
in
Lombardy
,
Tuscany
,
and
even
in
Rome
it self
.
Alexander
astonished
with
this
Progress
,
and
fearing
that
he
should
at
last
fall
under
the
Power
of
such
a
formidable
Enemy
,
had
recourse
to
the
King
of
England
,
and
following
the
Example
of
Innocent
,
he
offered
him
the
Kingdoms
of
Naples
and
Sicily
for
his
Son
Edmund
,
to
whom
he
also
sent
the
Investiture
of
them
:
and
to
oblige
that
King
to
undertake
the
enterprise
,
he
absolved
him
from
the
Vow
,
which
he
had
made
in
taking
the
Cross
,
to
be
of
the
Crusade
against
the
Sarasins
in
the
East
,
by
changing
it
into
that
which
he
caused
to
be
Preached
every
where
against
Mainfrey
.
Also
fearing
lest
the
Partisans
of
the
House
of
Suabia
should
place
Conradin
upon
the
Imperial
Throne
,
in
the
room
of
Count
William
,
who
had
been
slain
in
the
War
against
the
Frieslanders
,
he
sent
Prohibitions
to
all
the
Electors
,
requiring
them
under
pain
of
Excommunication
,
not
to
chuse
that
young
Prince
.
But
all
this
,
which
signified
just
nothing
against
Mainfrey
,
did
a
World
of
mischief
to
the
Crusade
,
which
was
designed
against
the
Sarasins
.
The
Parliament
which
the
King
of
England
had
called
at
London
,
upon
the
subject
of
the
Neopolitan
War
,
would
give
the
King
no
Money
;
and
afterwards
all
the
great
Men
of
the
Realm
,
happening
to
be
Embroiled
with
the
Royal
House
,
this
Project
of
the
Pope's
did
not
Succeed
.
And
for
Germany
,
one
part
of
the
Princes
having
chosen
for
their
Emperor
Alphonso
King
of
Castile
,
and
the
other
,
Richard
Earl
of
Cornwall
,
year
1268
Brother
to
the
King
of
England
,
there
arose
a
Schism
in
the
Empire
,
which
occasioned
mighty
Troubles
and
Disorders
there
.
So
that
Italy
,
Spain
,
England
,
and
Germany
,
having
so
many
troublesome
Affairs
upon
their
hands
,
there
remained
only
France
in
a
condition
to
serve
the
Holy
See
,
to
any
purpose
in
this
occasion
,
and
all
Christendom
indeed
against
the
Infidels
.
For
this
reason
therefore
Vrban
the
fourth
,
the
Successor
of
Pope
Alexander
,
having
again
vainly
tried
the
way
of
a
Crusade
against
Mainfrey
,
which
,
for
want
of
Money
to
pay
the
Crusades
,
came
to
nothing
,
and
seeing
himself
straitned
by
that
Prince
,
who
joyning
with
the
Rebells
of
the
Church
,
had
constrained
him
to
withdraw
to
Orvieta
,
he
had
at
last
recourse
to
France
.
He
therefore
made
new
Offers
and
Solicitations
to
Count
Charles
of
Anjou
and
Provence
,
to
accept
the
Realms
of
Sicily
and
Naples
,
as
Fiefs
escheated
to
the
Church
by
the
Felony
of
the
Princes
of
Suabia
,
who
had
injoyed
them
after
the
Normans
.
And
that
he
might
do
this
more
effectually
,
he
sent
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Cosenca
into
England
,
to
redemand
from
the
King
,
and
Prince
Edmond
his
Son
,
the
Right
which
he
had
invested
him
within
these
Kingdoms
,
to
which
they
could
now
no
longer
pretend
,
since
they
had
not
accomplished
the
conditions
upon
which
it
was
granted
.
After
which
,
Simon
de
Brie
,
Cardinal
of
St.
Cecily
,
passed
as
Legate
into
France
,
to
bestow
the
Investiture
upon
Charles
,
who
accepted
of
it
by
the
King's
consent
,
and
upon
the
pressing
Solicitations
of
the
Countess
Beatrix
,
his
Lady
,
who
was
ready
to
die
with
longing
to
be
a
Queen
,
as
well
as
her
three
other
Sisters
,
who
had
been
so
for
a
long
time
.
He
therefore
promised
the
Cardinal
,
that
he
would
presently
March
with
a
Powerful
Army
against
Mainfrey
.
And
accordingly
after
that
Clement
the
Fourth
,
the
Successor
of
Vrban
,
had
confirmed
his
Election
,
he
Sailed
from
Marseilles
with
thirty
Stout
Men
of
War
;
and
arrived
safe
at
Rome
,
where
he
expected
his
Land
Army
,
which
this
new
Queen
,
like
a
Female
Hero
,
led
over
the
Alps
,
quite
through
Italy
,
receiving
,
all
the
way
as
she
passed
,
the
Auxiliary
Troops
of
the
Guelphs
;
and
being
come
thither
,
she
was
Crowned
Queen
,
as
the
Count
was
King
of
Naples
and
Sicily
,
in
the
Church
of
St.
John
of
Latran
,
by
five
Cardinals
,
delegated
by
the
Pope
,
for
the
performance
of
that
Ceremony
,
he
himself
being
then
at
Perusa
.
After
which
the
new
King
at
the
Head
of
his
Army
took
the
Field
,
and
forcing
the
passage
of
Goriglian
,
and
the
Fortress
of
St.
German
,
he
Marched
directly
towards
the
Enemy
,
and
in
short
,
gave
Mainfrey
Battle
near
Beneventum
.
The
Battle
was
bravely
fought
by
Mainfrey
,
who
shewed
himself
a
great
Captain
and
Valiant
Souldier
,
but
in
Conclusion
he
lost
it
;
abundance
of
his
gallant
Men
,
and
he
himself
remaining
among
the
Dead
.
After
which
the
young
Conradin
,
who
was
now
about
fifteen
years
of
Age
,
coming
with
a
flourishing
Army
of
Germans
,
strengthened
with
the
Gibelins
of
Tuscany
and
Lombardy
,
attempted
to
recover
the
Inheritance
of
his
Father
,
but
not
being
able
to
pursue
the
advantage
,
which
he
had
intirely
at
the
beginning
of
the
Battle
,
which
he
fought
against
Charles
,
he
lost
all
.
For
Charles
,
who
knew
how
to
improve
his
error
to
his
own
advantage
,
in
conclusion
won
the
Day
from
him
,
near
the
Lake
of
Celano
,
in
a
second
Victory
more
Glorious
and
Compleat
than
the
first
.
But
his
Policy
,
without
doubt
too
severe
,
not
to
say
inhumane
in
this
Rencontre
,
made
him
dishonour
it
,
by
cutting
off
the
head
of
this
unfortunate
young
Prince
,
and
that
of
Frederick
of
Austria
,
by
a
Conduct
which
had
nothing
in
it
of
the
Genius
,
and
nature
of
St.
Lewis
,
or
of
the
French
Lords
,
who
all
condemned
this
Action
,
as
Posterity
will
certainly
do
,
and
which
as
it
fails
not
to
do
justice
to
the
good
or
evil
Actions
of
Princes
,
will
certainly
never
pardon
to
his
Memory
.
In
the
mean
time
the
great
progress
which
the
Sarasins
daily
made
in
the
East
,
against
the
Christians
of
Syria
,
during
the
troubles
of
the
West
,
arriving
at
Rome
,
the
Popes
,
Vrban
and
Clement
,
failed
not
to
write
to
St.
Lewis
,
and
to
the
other
Kings
to
pursue
the
Crusade
,
which
had
been
begun
against
these
Barbarians
.
But
those
which
the
Popes
were
obliged
,
at
the
same
time
,
to
publish
against
the
Princes
of
Suabia
,
and
the
Wars
of
Italy
,
obstructed
the
doing
of
any
thing
effectually
towards
the
General
Crusade
,
till
such
time
as
Charles
,
after
his
two
great
Victories
,
was
peaceably
established
in
the
possession
of
his
two
Kingdoms
.
For
then
the
troubles
of
Italy
being
appeased
,
year
1268
and
Peace
settled
throughout
all
Europe
,
the
Pope
and
the
King
,
by
agreement
,
took
up
the
design
of
that
Crusade
,
which
it
was
impossible
to
execute
,
whilest
the
private
ones
were
published
against
Mainfrey
.
King
Lewis
,
as
much
St.
as
he
was
,
could
not
hinder
himself
from
retaining
a
boiling
displeasure
,
for
the
unhappy
Success
of
his
attempt
upon
Egypt
;
and
moreover
inflamed
as
he
was
with
a
Zeal
for
the
House
of
God
,
he
was
wonderfully
afflicted
with
sorrow
to
hear
every
Day
,
that
Bendocdar
was
ready
to
swallow
up
all
,
and
to
chase
the
Christians
wholly
out
of
the
Holy
Land
of
Palestine
.
It
was
therefore
his
passionate
desire
to
take
up
the
Cross
again
,
and
to
imploy
the
remainder
of
his
Days
in
combating
against
the
Enemies
of
Jesus
Christ
,
for
the
reconquering
of
his
Inheritance
,
which
was
almost
intirely
lost
.
But
in
regard
he
was
unwilling
it
should
be
said
,
that
in
a
matter
of
this
importance
,
he
acted
by
the
sole
movement
of
his
own
Inclinations
,
he
sent
privately
to
Pope
Clement
one
of
his
Confidents
,
to
Communicate
to
him
his
design
,
and
to
desire
him
to
send
a
Legate
into
France
,
with
Command
to
exhort
him
,
and
all
his
Subjects
,
to
undertake
the
Holy
War
.
The
Pope
,
who
was
very
Wise
,
considering
that
this
Great
Prince
had
already
done
beyond
what
could
be
expected
from
a
most
Christian
King
,
in
the
War
against
the
Infidels
,
deliberated
a
long
time
about
this
Affair
.
But
at
last
,
having
well
examined
the
matter
,
he
kindly
assented
to
the
King's
desire
,
and
highly
approved
of
his
Pious
Design
;
and
consequently
resolved
not
to
lose
so
fair
an
opportunity
to
form
a
Holy
League
against
Bendocdar
,
to
which
,
in
the
beginning
of
his
Pontificate
,
he
had
exhorted
not
only
all
the
Kings
of
Europe
,
but
also
the
King
of
Armenia
,
and
Abagas
,
the
King
of
the
Tartars
in
Persia
.
For
this
purpose
therefore
he
sent
Simon
de
Brie
,
Cardinal
of
St.
Cecily
,
his
Legate
,
into
France
,
and
the
Cardinal
Othobon
into
England
,
with
order
to
pass
from
thence
,
as
he
also
did
,
into
Spain
and
Portugal
;
then
he
ordained
,
as
he
had
done
formerly
,
that
the
Religious
of
the
orders
of
St.
Dominick
and
St.
Francis
,
should
Preach
the
Crusade
through
all
Germany
,
as
far
as
Denmark
and
Poland
.
But
nothing
of
all
this
had
any
Success
,
except
only
in
France
,
by
the
diligence
,
the
Care
,
the
Example
,
and
admirable
Zeal
of
St.
Lewis
.
For
so
soon
as
the
Legate
was
arrived
,
this
devout
King
called
a
general
Assembly
of
the
Princes
,
Prelates
,
and
Barons
of
his
Realm
,
to
his
Royal
Palace
in
Paris
,
where
with
all
his
Power
and
Eloquence
,
animated
with
his
Ardent
Zeal
,
he
himself
exhorted
the
whole
Assembly
To
take
upon
them
again
the
Cross
,
to
avenge
the
Injuries
which
the
Sarasins
had
for
so
long
time
done
to
Jesus
Christ
,
in
the
fairest
part
of
his
Empire
,
and
to
maintain
the
Christians
in
their
proper
Inheritance
,
out
of
which
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
and
his
Mamalukes
,
the
particular
Enemies
of
the
Name
and
Nation
of
France
,
were
upon
the
point
of
driving
them
,
unless
they
were
speedily
assisted
.
He
protested
,
That
he
was
resolved
,
even
tho
he
were
abandoned
by
all
the
rest
of
the
World
in
such
a
Noble
Enterprise
,
to
pursue
it
vigorously
himself
,
and
to
imploy
all
that
he
had
,
his
Forces
,
his
Fortunes
,
and
his
Life
in
this
Glorious
Service
;
and
that
he
should
infinitely
rejoyce
to
lose
it
in
his
Service
,
who
had
laid
down
his
precious
Life
for
the
Love
which
he
had
to
Mankind
,
in
that
precious
spot
of
Earth
,
for
the
Recovery
whereof
he
exhorted
all
the
French
,
who
he
doubted
not
had
doubtless
the
same
Courage
with
which
their
Ancestors
had
so
gloriously
conquered
it
,
to
take
up
their
Arms
and
accompany
him
in
this
Noble
Enterprise
.
A
Discourse
of
this
Nature
spoken
with
unexpressible
Graces
,
and
by
so
great
a
King
,
whose
Age
,
Experience
,
Wisdom
,
Equity
,
and
Love
,
which
he
had
for
his
People
,
and
above
all
his
Eminent
Sanctity
,
rendred
so
much
beloved
and
revered
by
his
Subjects
,
did
so
sensibly
affect
the
Hearts
of
all
the
whole
Assembly
,
that
after
the
Legate
had
made
his
Speech
upon
the
same
Subject
,
and
the
King
himself
had
with
a
Marvellous
Devotion
received
the
Cross
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
Princes
and
Lords
,
following
his
Example
,
also
took
it
upon
them
.
The
first
among
them
were
the
three
Princes
his
Sons
,
Philip
his
Eldest
,
John
Tristan
,
Count
de
Nevers
,
and
Peter
,
Count
d'
Alenson
,
Alphonso
,
Count
de
Poitiers
,
and
Tholouse
,
his
Brother
,
Thibald
,
King
of
Navarr
,
and
Count
Palatine
of
Champagne
,
his
Son-in-Law
.
Robert
,
Count
d'
Artois
,
his
Nephew
,
John
Son
to
the
Duke
of
Bretany
,
Son-in-Law
to
the
King
of
England
,
the
Counts
,
Guy
of
Flanders
,
Philip
of
Nemours
,
Guy
de
Laval
,
and
Philip
de
Montfort
.
year
1268
The
Lords
de
Courtenay
,
de
Beaujeu
,
de
Montmorenci
,
de
Harcour
,
de
Valeri
,
de
Neele
,
d'
Estrees
,
de
Longueval
,
de
Varennes
,
de
Clermont
,
de
Fiennes
,
de
Rochefort
,
de
Mirepoix
,
de
Cleri
,
de
St.
Cler
,
de
Roye
,
de
Precigni
,
de
Chastenoy
,
de
Saux
,
de
Beaumout
,
de
Mailly
,
de
Vandieres
,
de
Lionne
,
d'
Auteil
,
d'
Orillac
,
and
the
brave
Oliver
de
Termes
,
all
Illustrious
Names
,
known
,
and
still
reverenced
in
our
days
,
after
so
many
Ages
,
in
the
Persons
who
are
honoured
by
them
,
and
who
have
done
them
Honour
by
their
Merits
.
These
were
followed
by
all
the
other
Knights
and
Lords
of
the
Assembly
,
except
only
the
Lord
Joinville
,
High
Steward
of
Champagne
,
who
having
had
enough
of
the
first
Voyage
,
dispensed
with
himself
for
the
second
,
alledging
that
by
the
first
he
had
ruined
his
poor
Subjects
of
the
Lordship
of
Joinville
;
and
in
the
ill
humour
in
which
he
was
by
reason
of
this
second
Undertaking
,
which
he
did
not
at
all
approve
,
he
hath
written
very
plainly
,
That
it
was
the
opinion
of
many
Learned
Men
,
that
those
who
gave
the
King
this
Advice
sinned
mortally
,
in
regard
that
the
King
was
so
weak
in
Body
,
and
brought
so
low
,
that
he
was
but
just
in
a
condition
to
maintain
that
Peace
and
justice
,
which
by
his
presence
he
caused
to
flourish
in
his
Kingdom
,
and
which
would
by
his
absence
be
most
certainly
banished
from
thence
.
But
this
was
not
the
opinion
of
Clement
the
Fourth
,
who
was
esteemed
one
of
the
most
learned
and
pious
Popes
,
which
the
Church
had
ever
had
,
and
who
,
St.
Lewis
,
having
consulted
him
concerning
this
Voyage
,
extremely
approved
of
it
,
as
did
also
the
Confessor
of
this
Holy
King
.
And
this
makes
it
evident
,
That
in
all
times
the
most
severe
Casuists
have
not
always
been
the
most
knowing
,
nor
the
safest
advisers
in
difficult
matters
.
After
this
great
Action
,
St.
Lewis
applied
himself
with
an
indefatigable
Zeal
,
to
dispose
all
things
for
the
Crusade
,
sparing
neither
diligence
,
pains
,
nor
cost
to
put
it
into
a
condition
to
have
better
Success
than
he
had
met
with
in
his
first
Voyage
,
and
to
draw
along
with
him
not
only
the
French
,
his
own
Subjects
,
but
also
such
of
other
Nations
,
as
were
willing
to
share
with
him
in
the
Enterprise
.
And
for
this
purpose
he
did
what
was
possible
in
conjunction
with
the
Pope
to
make
an
Accord
between
the
Venetians
and
the
Genoese
,
that
so
they
might
enter
with
him
into
this
Holy
Vnion
:
But
it
was
all
Labour
in
vain
,
for
these
two
Republicks
,
whose
difference
occasioned
so
many
mischiefs
to
Palestine
,
had
too
much
animosity
one
against
the
other
,
to
unite
so
easily
or
so
quickly
.
As
for
the
Venetians
,
who
had
at
first
treated
with
him
for
his
passage
,
they
at
last
excused
themselves
from
furnishing
him
with
Shipping
,
by
the
fear
which
they
said
they
had
,
that
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
resenting
it
,
should
seize
upon
all
their
Effects
within
his
Ports
.
But
the
Genoeses
,
who
always
ran
counter
to
their
Enemies
,
and
who
upon
this
occasion
acted
more
nobly
,
offered
him
theirs
.
He
also
by
his
Royal
Liberality
obliged
Edward
,
Prince
of
England
,
to
take
up
the
Cross
,
a
Prince
whom
he
highly
valued
for
his
Spirit
and
his
Valour
,
and
gave
him
thirty
thousand
Marks
in
Silver
,
to
put
him
into
an
Equipage
to
accompany
him
like
a
great
Prince
;
offering
the
same
Sum
to
James
,
King
of
Arragon
,
who
had
some
years
before
taken
upon
him
the
Cross
.
The
Pope
also
on
his
side
did
not
fail
to
excite
the
Kings
and
Princes
of
Europe
,
as
also
the
Greek
Emperor
,
by
the
Example
of
St.
Lewis
,
to
joyn
their
Arms
with
those
of
this
great
King
for
the
deliverance
of
the
Holy
Land
from
the
oppression
of
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
who
wanted
not
above
two
or
three
Cities
,
to
be
Master
of
all
that
the
Christians
possessed
in
Syria
,
Palestine
and
Egypt
,
since
the
time
that
they
were
conquered
by
Godfrey
of
Bullen
;
but
all
was
in
vain
.
Ottocare
the
King
of
Bohemia
,
the
Dukes
of
Saxony
,
Bavaria
and
Brunswick
,
Otho
,
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
,
and
divers
others
,
whom
Clement
excited
to
take
the
Cross
,
and
some
of
which
had
already
taken
it
,
were
so
incumbred
by
the
Schism
of
the
Empire
,
and
besides
so
exasperated
by
the
Death
of
Conradin
,
which
for
a
long
time
rendred
the
Name
of
the
French
odious
to
them
,
that
they
could
not
be
perswaded
to
entertain
a
thought
of
uniting
with
them
in
the
Holy
War
.
The
King
of
Castile
,
who
disputed
the
Empire
,
and
whose
Brother
had
been
taken
with
Conradin
,
was
in
the
same
opinion
.
The
King
of
Portugal
,
Alphonso
the
Third
,
took
the
Cross
indeed
,
and
abtained
a
Grant
to
receive
the
Tenths
of
all
the
Goods
of
the
Church
in
his
Realm
for
the
Holy
War
;
but
after
all
he
performed
nothing
.
year
1269
James
,
the
King
of
Arragon
,
made
the
fairest
advances
in
the
World
towards
this
War
:
He
protested
in
the
Assembly
of
the
Princes
at
Toledo
,
That
he
would
accomplish
his
Vow
,
although
his
Age
seemed
to
dispense
with
him
for
it
,
and
notwithstanding
all
that
could
be
done
to
divert
him
from
it
.
He
promised
at
Valentia
to
the
Ambassadors
of
the
Greek
Emperor
,
and
to
those
of
Abagas
King
of
the
Tartars
,
that
he
would
go
in
Person
into
Palestine
against
the
Sultan
Bendocdar
.
He
also
caused
a
fair
Fleet
of
Men
of
War
to
be
fitted
out
at
Barcelona
,
and
a
great
many
Gallies
,
and
imbarked
himself
in
the
beginning
of
September
,
one
thousand
two
hundred
sixty
nine
,
a
year
before
St.
Lewis
.
But
being
near
the
Isles
of
Majorca
and
Minorca
met
with
a
furious
Tempest
,
which
threw
him
upon
the
Coasts
of
Languedoc
,
he
went
no
farther
than
Aigues-Mort
,
from
whence
he
returned
by
Land
into
his
own
Kingdom
;
alledging
,
for
the
hiding
of
a
certain
shameful
and
criminal
Passion
,
which
governed
his
Soul
,
and
which
possibly
was
the
true
cause
of
his
altering
his
resolution
,
That
he
was
well
satisfied
,
that
God
dispensed
with
him
for
his
Voyage
,
which
he
made
known
by
this
accident
was
not
at
all
pleasing
to
him
;
so
that
there
were
only
some
few
Ships
of
this
Fleet
which
arrived
at
Ptolemais
,
with
Dom
Ferdinand
Sancho
,
the
Son
of
this
King
,
who
presently
after
returned
again
without
doing
any
thing
.
As
for
what
concerned
the
Greek
Emperor
,
he
acted
in
this
occasion
only
like
a
Politician
,
for
his
own
private
Interest
,
without
ever
intending
to
have
any
share
in
this
War
.
This
Emperor
was
Michael
Paleologus
,
who
,
about
eight
years
before
,
had
taken
Constantinople
by
Treachery
from
the
Latins
,
who
lost
that
Empire
under
Baldwin
the
Second
,
which
Baldwin
the
First
had
so
gloriously
conquered
with
the
French
and
Venetians
,
about
fifty
eight
years
before
.
This
Greek
Prince
,
who
feared
to
be
attack'd
on
the
side
of
Asia
by
Bendocdar
,
after
that
Sultan
should
have
conquered
Syria
and
Palestine
,
and
who
was
already
on
the
Coast
of
Greece
by
the
New
King
of
Sicily
,
did
all
that
possibly
he
could
with
the
Pope
and
the
Princes
of
the
West
,
to
ingage
them
in
a
War
against
the
Sarasins
.
And
in
regard
that
the
Pope
had
written
to
him
,
That
the
way
to
secure
himself
from
the
Arms
of
the
Latin
Princes
,
was
to
unite
the
Greek
Church
with
the
Latin
,
and
to
go
in
Person
as
did
St.
Lewis
to
this
Holy
War
,
he
promised
Shipping
,
Provisions
,
and
Souldiers
,
and
all
that
could
be
desired
for
the
War
.
He
also
sent
his
Ambassadors
into
France
,
offering
to
make
the
King
the
Arbiter
of
the
difference
which
was
about
the
Re-union
of
the
two
Churches
,
but
St.
Lewis
,
who
would
not
undertake
to
be
Judge
in
a
matter
of
this
nature
which
was
purely
spiritual
,
remitted
him
to
the
Judgment
of
the
Sacred
College
,
the
Holy
See
being
then
vacant
by
the
Death
of
Pope
Clement
,
who
deceased
about
the
end
of
the
preceding
year
.
But
after
all
,
this
Emperor
,
who
was
extreme
politick
,
had
no
desire
or
design
,
either
to
make
a
true
Re-union
,
or
to
joyn
with
the
Latin
Princes
in
the
Holy
War
.
All
his
Design
was
only
to
engage
them
in
a
Crusade
,
and
thereby
to
deliver
himself
from
the
fear
which
he
had
of
the
Sarasins
,
and
the
King
of
Sicily
.
So
remote
are
the
Intentions
of
Princes
,
who
act
purely
according
to
the
Maxims
of
human
Policy
,
from
what
they
seem
to
appear
to
those
with
whom
they
negotiate
,
with
a
design
to
delude
them
.
And
for
the
King
of
England
,
to
whom
the
Pope
had
at
first
sent
the
Cardinal
Othobon
,
his
Legate
,
he
was
too
far
advanced
in
years
,
and
too
much
oppressed
with
his
own
Affairs
,
by
reason
of
the
troubles
of
his
Realm
,
to
be
in
a
condition
to
perform
the
Vow
,
which
he
had
made
,
in
taking
upon
him
the
Cross
,
and
to
acquit
himself
of
the
Promise
by
which
he
was
ingaged
to
the
King
to
accompany
him
in
this
War
with
five
hundred
Knights
,
for
whom
the
King
gave
him
a
years
pay
in
hand
;
and
believed
that
without
restoring
the
Money
,
he
satisfied
fully
for
all
,
in
giving
his
Blessing
to
his
Son
,
Prince
Edward
,
who
not
being
in
a
condition
to
enter
upon
Action
till
after
the
Death
of
St.
Lewis
,
was
able
to
do
almost
nothing
in
Palestine
.
Thus
of
above
two
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
men
,
which
were
levied
in
Europe
,
there
were
none
but
the
Troops
of
St.
Lewis
,
which
were
about
sixty
thousand
men
,
and
the
few
Spaniards
,
which
went
with
the
King
of
Navarr
,
his
Son-in-Law
,
which
were
in
a
condition
to
pursue
this
Voyage
.
Nevertheless
,
he
undertook
it
with
so
much
resolution
,
as
if
he
had
had
the
Forces
of
the
whole
Earth
.
year
1269
The
difficulty
was
only
to
resolve
whither
he
should
go
,
and
after
having
a
long
time
conferred
upon
this
Affair
with
the
Ambassadors
of
the
King
of
Sicily
,
he
resolved
at
last
to
go
first
against
Tunis
,
before
he
undertook
to
attack
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
.
It
was
for
this
purpose
represented
to
the
King
,
that
he
ought
to
begin
with
the
Realm
of
Tunis
,
if
he
would
go
immediately
,
as
in
reason
one
ought
to
do
,
to
the
Spring
and
the
Root
of
the
Mischief
;
in
regard
that
it
was
from
Tunis
that
the
Sultans
of
Egypt
drew
their
principal
Forces
;
their
Horses
,
and
the
best
of
their
men
:
And
besides
that
in
leaving
this
Kingdom
in
their
Reer
,
as
they
must
do
if
they
marched
directly
against
Egypt
,
or
into
Palestine
,
they
must
expose
themselves
to
the
hazard
of
losing
their
Convoys
and
the
Supplies
which
were
to
come
from
Europe
,
which
would
run
the
Fortune
of
being
defeated
and
taken
by
the
Shipping
of
these
African
Pirates
,
who
were
continually
crusing
upon
the
Seas
:
There
were
also
many
other
Politick
Considerations
added
,
which
are
easie
to
be
found
out
,
when
People
are
resolved
to
maintain
an
Opinion
.
But
in
Truth
that
which
was
most
prevalent
,
was
,
that
the
Inclinations
of
the
two
Kings
were
both
conformable
to
this
Enterprise
,
for
two
very
different
Reasons
.
For
Lewis
,
who
,
like
a
great
Saint
regulated
all
his
Actions
by
the
Principles
of
Piety
and
Christianity
,
believed
that
in
shewing
himself
before
Tunis
,
that
Moorish
King
,
who
had
given
him
hopes
of
his
Conversion
,
would
turn
Christian
,
and
be
baptized
,
which
the
King
most
passionately
desired
,
as
appeared
by
what
he
said
to
the
Ambassadors
of
that
Prince
,
whom
he
commanded
to
acquaint
their
Master
,
That
he
would
be
contented
with
all
his
heart
to
be
a
Slave
to
the
Sarasins
again
,
and
to
pass
the
rest
of
his
Life
in
the
most
dreadful
of
their
Dungeons
,
and
never
more
to
see
the
Sun
,
provided
that
the
King
of
Tunis
would
with
his
whole
Realm
embrace
the
Faith
of
Jesus
Christ
.
But
Charles
,
who
was
more
Politick
than
Devout
,
resolved
to
make
use
of
such
a
fair
opportunity
,
to
assure
himself
of
that
Realm
,
which
without
doubt
was
very
convenient
for
the
security
of
the
Coasts
of
Naples
and
Sicily
.
Thus
the
two
Brothers
resolved
each
upon
the
same
thing
,
though
both
of
them
for
private
Reasons
,
which
they
did
not
impart
to
any
Persons
,
but
only
concluded
upon
the
Enterprise
against
Tunis
;
the
King
,
who
fore-saw
that
it
would
not
meet
with
a
general
approbation
,
reserved
the
Declaration
of
his
Resolution
till
he
came
to
Cagliari
in
the
Isle
of
Sardinia
,
at
which
place
he
had
appointed
the
Rendezvous
of
his
Navy
.
year
1270
All
things
being
thus
disposed
for
so
great
an
Enterprise
,
the
King
declared
Matthew
de
Vendosme
,
Abbot
of
St.
Dennis
,
and
Simon
de
Clermont
,
Count
de
Neele
,
Regents
of
the
Realm
during
his
Absence
;
and
after
that
having
taken
the
Standard
of
St.
Dennis
,
according
to
the
custom
of
his
Ancestors
,
as
also
the
Scarf
and
the
Pilgrim's
Staff
,
he
parted
the
first
day
of
March
,
in
the
year
one
thousand
two
hundred
and
seventy
,
accompanied
with
the
Cardinal
d'
Albano
,
whom
Pope
Clement
had
nominated
his
Legate
for
this
Crusade
,
and
came
to
Aigues-Mort
,
where
he
did
not
imbark
till
the
beginning
of
July
,
at
the
same
time
that
the
other
part
of
his
Fleet
sailed
from
Marseilles
,
and
at
last
all
of
them
,
after
having
been
soundly
beaten
by
a
furious
Tempest
,
arrived
at
Cagliari
.
There
it
was
that
the
King
held
a
great
Council
of
War
,
to
which
all
the
Princes
,
the
Lords
,
and
principal
Officers
of
the
Army
were
called
.
He
then
proposed
to
them
the
Enterprise
of
Tunis
;
and
after
it
had
passed
by
plurality
of
Voices
in
the
affirmative
,
although
there
were
many
who
had
much
rather
have
gone
directly
to
the
Holy
Land
,
they
set
sail
and
steered
away
directly
for
Africa
,
and
within
two
days
about
the
twentieth
of
July
came
within
view
of
Tunis
and
Carthage
.
Upon
the
Coast
of
Africa
,
over
against
Sicily
,
there
is
a
Peninsula
,
whose
circumference
is
about
three
hundred
and
forty
Stadia
,
or
two
and
forty
miles
,
which
advanceth
it self
into
the
Sea
between
two
Gulphs
,
which
it
there
makes
.
That
which
is
upon
the
West
,
forms
it self
into
a
most
commodious
Port
,
and
the
other
turning
a
little
between
the
East
and
South
,
joyns
it self
to
a
very
narrow
Chanal
,
by
which
there
is
an
Entrance
into
a
great
Lake
,
which
Extends
it self
three
or
four
Leagues
within
the
Land
;
and
which
hath
since
been
called
by
the
name
of
the
Lake
of
Guletta
.
It
was
in
this
fair
Peninsula
,
that
the
famous
Rival
of
Rome
,
year
1270
the
Ancient
City
of
Carthage
stood
,
in
the
place
between
these
two
Seas
.
But
since
its
last
destruction
by
the
Arabian
Sarasins
,
about
the
seventh
Age
,
there
remained
nothing
at
the
time
of
this
Crusade
amidst
the
Ruins
of
that
Magnificent
City
,
but
a
little
Burrough
upon
the
Port
,
which
was
called
Marsa
,
and
a
Tower
upon
the
point
of
the
Cape
,
with
a
strong
Castle
upon
the
Hill
of
Byrsa
,
where
anciently
stood
the
Fortress
of
Carthage
.
About
some
five
Leagues
from
this
great
City
,
drawing
towards
the
South
East
,
a
little
below
the
Gulph
and
the
Lake
of
Guletta
,
there
stood
a
little
City
called
Tynis
,
or
Tynissa
,
and
at
present
Tunis
,
of
which
the
Great
Scipio
made
himself
Master
before
he
besieged
Carthage
,
and
which
afterwards
grew
so
great
by
the
Ruins
of
Carthage
,
that
it
was
in
the
time
of
St.
Lewis
one
of
the
greatest
,
fairest
,
and
strongest
Cities
of
all
Africa
.
For
the
Walls
which
the
Turks
afterwards
demolished
,
were
forty
Cubits
high
,
with
very
good
Ramparts
,
and
Fortresses
to
support
them
,
and
with
divers
Towers
to
flank
them
for
their
mutual
defence
.
It
had
eight
Gates
with
their
Portcullisses
,
a
very
deep
Ditch
,
which
environed
it
on
the
Land
side
,
and
all
manner
of
Fortifications
,
which
were
used
in
those
Times
,
with
large
Suburbs
which
contained
about
ten
thousand
Houses
.
But
it
was
still
become
much
greater
,
since
the
greatest
part
of
the
Moors
of
Granada
,
who
had
been
driven
out
of
Spain
,
retired
thither
,
and
applied
themselves
to
all
manner
of
Arts
and
Trades
.
It
is
at
present
a
kind
of
Republick
under
the
Protection
and
Domination
of
the
Grand
Seignior
,
ever
since
it
was
taken
by
Sinan
Bassa
from
the
Spaniards
,
in
the
year
one
thousand
five
hundred
seventy
four
;
It
had
before
been
twice
taken
by
the
Spaniards
,
once
by
Charles
the
Fifth
,
in
the
year
one
thousand
five
hundred
thirty
five
,
and
a
second
time
by
Don
John
of
Austria
,
after
the
Battle
of
Lepanto
.
But
formerly
it
had
been
under
particular
Kings
,
since
a
certain
Person
,
one
Abraham
Aben
Ferez
,
who
commanded
there
for
the
King
of
Morocco
,
usurped
this
Realm
from
him
about
sixty
years
before
this
Crusade
,
and
it
was
his
third
Successor
Muley
Otmen
Ostensa
,
who
reigned
at
Tunis
,
then
when
St.
Lewis
,
whom
he
had
made
to
hope
his
conversion
,
undertook
this
Voyage
.
At
first
this
Holy
King
had
reason
to
believe
that
this
Prince
had
an
Intention
to
accomplish
his
Promise
,
by
reason
that
there
was
not
found
any
who
opposed
his
landing
,
and
that
he
had
opportunity
to
seize
the
Port
of
Carthage
,
and
after
that
the
Tower
,
almost
without
any
resistance
.
But
he
was
quickly
disabused
,
by
seeing
a
great
Army
sally
out
of
Tunis
,
to
relieve
the
Castle
of
Carthage
;
but
that
did
not
hinder
,
but
that
it
was
taken
by
the
Seamen
only
with
the
assistance
of
five
hundred
Cross-bows
,
which
they
desired
of
the
King
,
assuring
him
that
they
would
carry
the
place
by
Scalade
,
which
they
accordingly
did
with
so
much
Courage
and
Success
,
that
they
made
themselves
Masters
of
it
in
an
instant
,
without
any
other
loss
than
only
one
of
their
Companions
,
whose
Death
they
revenged
by
that
of
all
the
Sarasins
,
who
defended
the
place
,
who
were
partly
cut
in
pieces
,
and
partly
smothered
in
the
Vaults
,
whither
they
retreated
to
save
themselves
,
and
to
the
Entries
of
which
the
Seamen
put
fire
.
The
King
,
who
was
advanced
and
drawn
up
in
Battalia
between
the
Castle
and
the
Enemies
,
to
hinder
their
relieving
the
place
,
stopped
them
so
well
by
the
brave
Countenance
which
he
made
,
that
the
Sarasins
durst
never
quit
their
Post
;
they
retired
at
Night
towards
Tunis
,
and
satisfied
themselves
with
returning
every
day
in
greater
numbers
,
giving
continual
alarms
,
and
pickeering
on
all
sides
according
to
their
manner
,
without
staying
in
one
place
,
either
regularly
to
attack
one
Quarter
,
or
to
march
in
Battalia
and
combat
foot
to
foot
with
their
Enemy
.
This
was
what
was
done
in
this
last
Enterprise
of
St.
Lewis
in
nine
or
ten
days
,
towards
the
end
of
July
.
For
in
regard
the
King
of
Tunis
had
an
Army
composed
of
an
infinite
multitude
of
Arabs
and
Moors
,
who
had
always
a
safe
retreat
under
the
Walls
of
Tunis
,
which
was
extraordinarily
provided
with
all
sorts
of
Machins
of
War
,
it
was
not
thought
convenient
by
his
Council
to
attack
them
,
or
to
undertake
the
Siege
of
the
City
before
the
arrival
of
the
King
of
Sicily
,
who
was
daily
expected
.
In
the
mean
time
the
King
retrenched
himself
,
and
fortified
his
Camp
in
a
Vally
below
Carthage
,
whither
the
Enemies
came
continually
to
Skirmishes
,
in
which
they
constantly
had
the
worse
,
but
without
ever
coming
to
a
General
Battle
.
year
1270
But
the
King
of
Sicily
,
whom
St
Lewis
daily
pressed
to
hasten
thither
,
and
who
notwithstanding
did
not
arrive
till
a
Month
after
him
,
was
the
Cause
,
by
his
long
delay
,
of
the
unfortunate
Success
of
this
Voyage
,
which
he
had
with
such
earnestness
advised
for
his
private
Interest
.
For
it
being
high
Summer
,
which
is
a
season
very
improper
,
for
making
of
War
in
Africa
,
and
that
they
wanted
refreshments
,
and
above
all
fresh
Water
,
which
is
very
scarce
in
that
Country
;
Diseases
,
and
especially
the
Flux
and
Fevers
,
fell
into
the
Army
,
and
in
a
short
time
made
a
most
fearful
destruction
.
The
greatest
part
of
the
bravest
and
youngest
men
of
the
Army
were
unable
to
resist
the
violence
of
this
terrible
Enemy
,
which
daily
carried
off
abundance
of
them
.
And
among
the
rest
,
John
Tristan
,
Count
de
Nevers
,
a
Young
Prince
of
about
twenty
years
of
Age
,
died
upon
the
third
of
August
,
and
the
King
,
his
Father
,
who
loved
him
most
tenderly
,
although
it
was
a
most
sensible
Affiction
to
him
,
yet
sacrificed
it
to
the
Will
of
Heaven
,
with
the
resignation
and
constancy
of
a
Christian
Hero
.
The
Cardinal
Legate
did
not
survive
the
Young
Prince
above
four
or
five
days
;
and
Philip
,
the
eldest
Son
of
St.
Lewis
,
was
also
seized
with
a
quartan
Ague
,
of
which
,
by
the
Strength
of
his
Age
,
and
the
heat
of
the
season
,
he
was
quickly
delivered
.
But
the
King
,
his
Father
,
who
had
already
fallen
into
the
Flux
,
being
shortly
after
seized
with
a
continual
Fever
,
left
the
whole
Army
languishing
with
extreme
Grief
for
his
death
,
which
happened
the
five
and
twentieth
day
of
August
,
after
he
had
received
the
Sacrament
with
an
admirable
Presence
of
Mind
,
an
incomparable
Piety
and
Sedateness
of
Spirit
,
having
nothing
in
his
heart
or
upon
his
lips
,
but
the
Glory
of
God
,
for
which
only
he
had
undertaken
this
Voyage
.
He
was
constantly
saying
with
a
dying
,
but
Intelligible
Voice
,
to
those
who
applyed
their
Ear
to
his
Mouth
to
receive
his
last
words
.
For
the
Love
of
God
let
us
indeavour
some
way
to
have
our
Holy
Faith
preached
and
received
at
Tunis
.
Ah!
My
God
,
whom
shall
we
find
to
send
thither
to
declare
thy
Gospel
?
It
must
be
such
a
one
,
would
be
say
,
naming
a
certain
Religious
of
the
Order
of
St.
Dominick
,
who
was
known
to
the
King
of
Tunis
;
and
with
these
Zealous
Ejaculations
,
and
this
Apostolick
fervency
,
which
he
had
for
the
conversion
and
salvation
of
Tunis
,
he
rendred
his
pious
Soul
into
the
hands
of
Almighty
God
,
precisely
at
the
same
hour
,
that
Jesus
Christ
gave
up
his
to
his
Father
,
making
the
same
wishes
for
the
Salvation
of
the
whole
world
.
I
have
believed
that
in
the
quality
of
an
Historian
of
the
Crusades
,
I
was
obliged
,
in
giving
an
account
of
the
death
of
St.
Lewis
,
to
recount
this
admirable
circumstance
,
which
is
so
essential
to
my
Subject
,
since
it
shews
so
well
what
was
the
end
,
which
he
proposed
to
himself
in
forming
this
Enterprise
of
Tunis
.
and
for
the
other
particularities
,
which
in
such
a
wonderful
manner
appeared
in
his
death
,
and
all
that
which
is
so
precious
before
God
in
the
death
of
the
greatest
Saints
,
as
they
do
not
properly
began
to
my
Crusades
,
I
leave
them
as
well
as
the
other
admirable
and
Holy
Actions
of
his
miraculous
life
to
those
able
Writers
,
who
so
many
years
ago
have
promised
us
,
and
who
as
I
hope
will
write
it
exactly
after
so
many
Originals
and
so
many
Copies
,
as
the
Writers
of
his
own
and
the
following
times
have
left
us
.
I
shall
only
add
,
to
give
some
Idea
of
his
Body
,
and
of
his
Mind
,
that
he
was
then
about
the
Age
of
five
and
fifty
years
,
of
a
middle
Stature
,
and
a
delicate
Complexion
,
but
which
he
had
greatly
weakned
by
his
great
Austerities
.
His
Visage
was
something
long
,
but
full
,
his
Forehead
large
and
Majestick
,
his
head
a
little
inclining
to
one
side
,
his
Eyes
extreme
sweet
,
his
Mouth
little
and
pleasing
,
his
Speech
easie
and
very
agreable
,
and
in
his
whole
Person
,
an
Air
of
Goodness
so
winning
,
and
so
charming
,
especially
in
a
King
,
that
it
was
impossible
to
look
upon
him
without
loving
him
,
or
to
love
him
without
paying
him
that
respect
which
was
due
to
the
Majesty
of
so
great
a
Prince
.
And
for
the
Qualities
of
his
Soul
,
whether
Natural
or
acquired
,
one
may
say
,
That
there
are
few
Princes
,
who
have
possessed
them
in
those
high
Degrees
of
Perfection
as
he
did
;
for
he
had
an
admirable
composure
of
Spirit
,
quick
,
and
clear
,
and
which
he
had
cultivated
by
the
Study
of
polite
Learning
,
and
a
solid
Judgement
;
so
that
he
was
always
the
most
able
Person
of
his
Council
,
always
penetrating
further
than
any
of
them
,
when
any
difficult
matter
was
under
consideration
,
having
very
easie
conceptions
of
things
,
and
expressing
himself
extempore
,
with
much
Gracefulness
and
Ingenuity
,
year
1270
whatever
he
had
to
deliver
;
governing
much
by
himself
,
especially
after
his
return
from
the
Holy
Land
,
but
yet
never
acting
but
with
the
advice
of
his
Council
,
except
in
the
Treaty
,
which
he
made
with
the
English
,
to
whom
,
to
oblige
them
to
quit
the
rest
,
he
surrendred
Guienne
and
Gascony
,
not
out
of
any
scruple
,
as
Nangis
writes
,
since
he
himself
acknowldged
in
Council
,
that
the
Kings
of
England
could
not
pretend
any
Right
to
them
;
but
for
Peace
sake
:
although
herein
his
Policy
was
much
mistaken
,
by
reason
that
this
Treaty
having
brought
a
Stranger
into
France
,
brought
a
War
upon
it
,
which
lasted
above
two
hundred
years
,
before
he
could
again
be
expelled
out
of
it
.
This
indeed
is
the
only
blemish
,
with
which
St.
Lewis
can
be
reproached
for
having
in
this
occasion
,
contrary
to
the
advice
of
his
Council
,
suffered
himself
to
be
too
far
misled
by
the
Goodness
of
his
Nature
.
For
as
for
any
thing
else
,
there
was
nothing
to
be
found
in
his
Life
but
an
admirable
composure
of
all
Royal
and
Christian
Vertues
,
in
a
most
exact
Temperament
.
For
he
was
the
most
valiant
,
courageous
,
fearless
,
firm
and
immoveable
in
the
midst
of
the
greatest
dangers
;
and
withal
the
most
sweet
,
pacifick
,
kind
,
and
most
easie
of
Mankind
.
Austere
,
humble
,
modest
,
devout
,
respectful
to
the
Holy
See
,
zealous
for
the
Glory
of
God
and
the
Salvation
of
Souls
;
retired
,
patient
,
and
mortified
,
above
all
that
is
admired
in
the
most
Apostolick
Men
,
and
the
most
Renowned
among
Recluses
for
their
penitent
Life
:
and
yet
nowithstanding
at
the
same
time
he
was
obliging
,
affable
,
complaisant
,
and
of
an
agreable
humour
in
his
Conversation
,
familiar
with
his
Confidents
,
easie
in
his
Domestick
Affairs
,
an
admirable
Husband
,
an
indulgent
Father
,
a
sure
Friend
,
a
good
Master
and
a
most
excellent
King
,
loving
his
Subjects
,
and
reciprocally
beloved
by
them
;
firm
and
inexorable
in
causing
Justice
to
be
done
,
his
Ordinances
,
and
Laws
to
be
observed
;
Jealous
of
the
Rights
of
his
Crown
,
and
those
of
the
Gallican
Church
,
conformable
to
the
Common
Law
,
against
all
the
abuses
,
all
the
Novelties
and
the
indeavours
of
such
as
would
shock
them
;
he
was
liberal
and
magnificent
in
the
ordinary
expences
of
his
Houshold
,
in
Ceremonies
and
publick
entertainments
,
which
upon
certain
occasions
he
made
very
much
to
the
Honour
of
France
,
with
a
Splendor
and
Majestick
Pomp
,
far
surpassing
all
his
Predecessors
,
which
made
him
be
equally
admired
both
by
the
French
and
strangers
.
In
short
there
was
never
seen
a
more
perfect
accord
,
than
what
appeared
in
this
admirable
Monarch
of
Royal
Majesty
,
mingled
with
true
Sanctity
of
Christianity
,
without
Illusion
,
without
Weakness
,
and
without
Defaults
.
And
I
cannot
tell
whether
one
can
find
another
,
of
whom
may
be
said
with
so
much
Justice
,
what
I
have
said
of
this
Christian
Hero
;
to
finish
in
one
word
his
Character
and
his
Elogy
,
That
he
Was
the
greatest
King
of
a
Saint
,
and
the
greatest
Saint
of
a
King
,
that
ever
any
age
hath
known
.
The
Army
of
France
was
under
an
extreme
consternation
for
the
death
of
the
Holy
King
,
and
for
the
Indisposition
of
Philip
his
Successor
;
and
their
was
great
probability
,
that
they
should
in
that
very
moment
abandon
this
unlucky
Enterprise
if
the
King
of
Sicily
,
who
was
in
a
great
measure
,
by
his
long
delay
,
the
Cause
of
this
ill
Success
,
had
not
by
a
strange
adventure
arrived
with
a
fair
Fleet
at
the
very
same
time
that
his
Brother
,
the
King
,
breathed
out
his
last
.
As
he
was
a
great
Captain
,
and
that
his
Army
,
which
was
composed
of
Neapolitans
,
Sicilians
,
and
Provencals
,
was
very
fresh
,
and
he
,
having
still
in
his
head
his
first
design
to
assure
himself
of
the
Kingdom
of
Tunis
,
in
at
least
making
the
Sarasin
King
become
his
Tributary
;
he
easily
persuaded
the
French
,
that
it
was
for
their
Honour
to
finish
the
War
,
which
they
had
begun
with
so
much
Courage
,
and
which
they
might
bring
to
a
happy
period
being
strengthened
by
the
Conjunction
of
such
a
Potent
Army
as
desired
nothing
so
much
as
to
be
led
to
the
Combat
against
the
Sarasins
.
Hereupon
the
Army
advanced
towards
Tunis
to
block
it
up
more
closely
,
and
for
three
Months
there
were
every
day
some
little
Encounters
with
the
Moors
,
who
always
went
off
with
disadvantage
;
And
it
is
also
reported
,
that
they
were
once
overthrown
in
a
set
Battle
,
that
their
Camp
was
taken
and
plundered
,
and
that
such
of
them
as
fled
,
thinking
to
save
themselves
in
the
City
,
blindly
precipitated
themselves
into
those
trenches
,
which
they
had
digged
in
the
Fields
,
with
a
design
to
have
the
Christians
fall
into
them
:
but
in
regard
those
of
our
Historians
,
who
writ
in
those
times
,
say
nothing
of
any
such
matters
I
dare
not
be
confident
of
the
truth
of
them
.
year
1268
That
which
is
very
certain
,
is
,
That
the
King
of
Tunis
seeing
,
that
the
Christians
daily
gained
upon
him
,
and
that
he
was
always
beaten
,
fearing
that
in
conclusion
he
should
lose
his
Kingdom
,
he
sent
to
desire
a
Peace
,
or
at
least
a
Truce
,
offering
to
submit
to
such
conditions
,
as
the
two
Kings
themselves
should
judge
to
be
fair
and
reasonable
.
This
matter
was
long
debated
in
the
Council
of
War
,
in
which
many
were
of
opinion
,
that
the
Siege
ought
to
be
vigorously
pressed
on
,
without
hearkning
at
all
to
the
Proposition
of
the
Sarasin
King
,
who
,
they
said
,
after
the
losses
,
which
he
had
sustained
,
was
in
no
Condition
for
any
long
time
to
defend
the
City
.
But
the
King
of
Sicily
remonstrated
to
them
,
That
if
they
should
take
the
Town
,
of
which
they
were
not
to
be
too
confident
,
yet
it
was
impossible
for
them
to
keep
it
,
in
regard
,
That
though
the
whole
Army
might
be
commodiously
quartered
there
,
it
being
now
very
near
Winter
,
they
could
not
receive
either
from
Italy
or
Sicily
so
much
provision
as
was
necessary
for
the
subsistence
of
the
Troops
;
and
that
if
they
left
there
only
a
Garrison
,
it
would
not
be
able
to
defend
it
against
all
the
Forces
of
Africa
,
which
would
most
certainly
attack
it
:
And
therefore
he
concluded
,
that
the
way
for
them
to
come
off
with
Honor
,
and
safety
in
this
Affair
,
was
rather
to
treat
with
the
King
of
Tunis
in
an
honourable
and
advantageous
manner
,
and
like
Conquerors
,
rather
to
give
him
Law
,
than
to
put
themselves
into
the
manifest
danger
of
losing
all
.
Thus
,
in
regard
that
King
Philip
was
also
very
willing
to
go
,
as
soon
as
he
could
,
to
take
possession
of
his
Kingdom
,
a
Truce
of
ten
years
was
concluded
with
this
Insidel
Prince
upon
these
following
Conditions
.
That
he
should
presently
pay
a
round
sum
of
Money
,
upon
which
they
were
agreed
to
defray
the
Charges
of
the
War
;
That
he
should
deliver
all
the
Christian
Slaves
,
which
were
in
his
whole
Realm
;
That
he
should
permit
the
Religious
of
the
Orders
of
St.
Dominick
and
St.
Francis
to
preach
the
Gospel
,
and
to
build
Monasteries
there
,
and
to
all
his
Subjects
Liberty
to
receive
Baptism
;
And
that
he
should
yearly
pay
to
King
Charles
a
Tribute
of
forty
thousand
Crowns
,
which
was
the
sum
that
the
King
paid
to
the
Pope
for
the
Kingdoms
of
Naples
and
Sicily
.
See
what
were
the
aims
of
Charles
for
his
private
Interest
;
and
what
it
was
,
which
made
many
honest
People
murmur
against
him
,
as
beleiving
that
he
had
no
mind
to
take
Tunis
,
because
he
could
not
hope
to
dispose
of
it
as
he
pleased
,
and
that
he
had
not
advised
this
War
but
for
his
own
Ends
,
to
make
this
Sarasin
King
his
Tributary
.
Prince
Edward
of
England
also
,
who
arrived
before
Tunis
with
his
Fleet
,
at
the
same
time
that
this
Treaty
was
concluded
,
could
not
hinder
himself
from
making
the
extreme
displeasure
,
which
he
had
at
it
,
appear
publickly
,
especially
,
when
he
saw
that
the
Fleets
of
France
and
Sicily
,
without
thinking
any
further
of
their
principal
design
,
which
was
the
Holy
War
,
were
upon
the
point
of
returning
home
.
And
indeed
so
soon
as
the
King
of
Tunis
,
who
was
very
desirous
to
quit
himself
of
these
People
,
who
had
put
him
into
the
fear
of
losing
his
Capital
City
and
his
Kingdom
,
had
delivered
the
Captives
,
and
paid
the
Money
which
was
agreed
upon
by
the
Treaty
,
the
two
Kings
imbarked
;
Philip
with
the
Bones
of
his
Father
,
which
,
according
to
the
Custom
of
those
times
,
were
separated
from
the
Flesh
;
and
Charles
with
the
Flesh
and
Entrals
of
that
Holy
King
,
which
he
caused
afterwards
to
be
magnificently
interred
in
the
Church
of
the
Abby
of
Montreal
near
Palermo
.
And
certainly
it
was
very
advantageous
to
these
two
Kings
,
that
they
carried
with
them
,
in
their
Ships
,
the
Sacred
Remains
of
that
Saint
,
which
preserved
them
from
that
Lamentable
Wreck
,
which
the
greatest
part
of
the
others
suffered
in
View
of
the
Port
of
Trepano
in
Sicily
;
eighteen
of
the
biggest
men
of
War
,
and
a
great
number
of
smaller
Vessels
,
with
all
the
Money
which
was
received
of
the
King
of
Tunis
,
and
above
four
thousand
men
were
cast
away
in
this
Tempest
;
and
it
was
not
without
great
difficulty
,
that
the
Kings
were
able
to
make
the
Port
of
Trepano
,
where
Thibald
,
King
of
Navarr
,
who
was
sick
before
,
when
he
came
from
Tunis
,
in
a
few
days
after
his
landing
,
died
;
Queen
Isabella
his
Wife
,
the
Daughter
of
St.
Lewis
,
did
not
survive
him
long
,
for
about
four
Months
after
she
died
at
Yeres
in
Provence
.
And
for
King
Philip
having
taken
his
way
by
Land
as
far
as
Messina
,
he
passed
over
into
Italy
,
and
so
crossing
quite
through
it
and
France
,
he
came
to
St.
Dennis
,
year
1270
whither
he
brought
the
Relicks
of
the
King
,
St.
Lewis
,
his
Father
.
They
were
received
at
Naples
,
at
Rome
,
and
at
Viterbum
,
where
the
Cardinals
were
assembled
upon
the
Election
of
a
Pope
,
and
at
all
other
Cities
in
their
passage
,
with
honours
of
a
different
Nature
from
those
,
which
are
accustomed
to
be
given
to
Kings
,
and
which
sufficiently
shewed
that
they
were
esteemed
to
be
in
a
Rank
much
Superior
to
them
,
the
Voice
of
the
People
,
which
is
said
to
be
the
Voice
of
God
,
being
a
forerunner
of
that
of
the
Church
,
which
six
and
twenty
years
after
solemnly
canonized
him
for
a
Saint
.
year
1271
Mean
time
Edward
,
Prince
of
England
,
who
had
renewed
his
Vow
during
the
Tempest
,
and
which
he
weathered
so
well
,
that
he
lost
not
one
of
his
ships
,
sailed
towards
Ptolemais
,
where
he
arrived
in
the
Month
of
May
,
having
only
three
hundred
Knights
,
English
and
French
,
with
John
,
Duke
of
Bretany
.
It
was
with
these
few
Troops
,
strengthened
with
five
hundred
Frisons
,
and
another
small
Reinforcement
,
which
Prince
Edmond
,
his
Brother
,
brought
to
him
from
England
,
that
he
hindred
Bendocdar
,
who
had
taken
diverse
Castles
about
Ptolemais
,
from
besieging
that
City
.
He
also
prevailed
with
the
Tartars
,
the
Enemies
of
this
Sultan
,
to
enter
into
Palestine
to
oppose
the
Progress
of
that
Conqueror
.
But
as
on
one
part
these
Barbarians
,
after
having
according
to
their
manner
ravaged
the
Country
,
marched
home
again
;
and
on
the
other
that
Hugh
,
King
of
Cyprus
and
Jerusalem
,
not
being
strong
enough
to
do
any
great
matters
,
obtained
a
Truce
of
Bendocdar
,
who
concluded
it
with
him
only
to
amuse
him
,
he
was
able
to
do
nothing
of
Moment
.
And
therefore
as
soon
as
he
was
recovered
of
a
dangerous
Wound
,
which
he
had
received
from
an
Assassin
,
whom
he
trusted
,
and
whom
he
himself
killed
with
the
same
poisoned
Dagger
,
with
which
the
Traitor
had
struck
him
,
he
returned
opportunely
to
take
possession
of
the
Kingdom
of
England
,
which
Henry
,
his
Father
,
dying
left
unto
him
.
year
1272
Thus
this
Crusade
,
from
which
there
was
reason
to
expect
such
great
things
,
produced
no
manner
of
Effects
for
the
deliverance
of
the
Holy
Land
.
And
since
that
time
there
could
never
any
more
be
raised
,
although
the
Pope's
had
frequently
made
great
attempts
to
excite
the
Zeal
of
Christians
,
therein
to
imitate
that
of
their
Ancestors
.
For
first
of
all
Gregory
the
tenth
,
who
from
being
only
Archdeacon
of
Leige
was
chosen
Pope
after
the
See
had
been
vacant
for
three
Months
,
then
when
he
was
at
Ptolemais
with
the
Prince
of
England
,
did
more
than
any
of
his
Predecessors
to
unite
all
the
Christian
Princes
,
and
even
the
Greeks
and
Tartars
in
a
Holy
League
to
chase
the
Sarasins
out
of
Palestins
and
Syria
.
year
1274
And
it
was
he
,
who
particularly
for
this
design
,
about
two
years
after
,
held
the
second
Council
of
Lyons
,
which
was
one
of
the
greatest
and
most
numerous
Assemblies
,
which
the
Church
had
ever
seen
;
for
there
were
present
at
it
above
a
thousand
Prelates
,
with
the
Ambassadours
of
two
Emperors
of
the
East
and
West
,
of
the
Kings
of
France
,
Cyprus
,
and
all
the
Christian
Princes
beyond
the
Sea
,
together
with
those
of
all
Europe
;
besides
that
James
,
King
of
Arragon
,
and
the
great
Masters
of
the
Temple
and
the
Hospital
were
there
in
Person
.
There
a
Decree
was
made
for
the
prosecuting
the
Holy
War
,
and
an
Alliance
was
made
for
this
purpose
with
Abagas
the
King
of
the
Tartars
,
who
had
sent
his
Ambassadors
thither
.
There
Michael
Paleologus
,
was
recognised
for
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
upon
condition
That
he
should
join
with
the
Latins
in
the
War
against
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
;
and
there
the
Election
of
the
Emperor
Rodolph
was
confirmed
,
upon
Condition
,
That
he
should
march
at
the
head
of
the
Crusades
into
Palestine
,
which
he
also
promised
to
the
Pope
with
an
Oath
,
receiving
from
his
hands
the
Cross
at
Lausanna
,
whither
he
followed
the
Pope
after
the
Council
in
his
return
to
Italy
.
year
1275
But
in
conclusion
all
this
produced
just
nothing
;
either
because
People
were
disgusted
with
this
War
and
such
a
dangerous
Voyage
,
or
that
having
been
so
long
accustomed
to
hear
of
this
War
,
they
were
not
at
all
moved
with
what
was
no
Novelty
.
Insomuch
that
the
Cordeliers
and
the
Jacobins
,
whom
the
Pope
sent
all
over
Europe
to
preach
up
the
Cross
,
could
not
meet
with
so
much
as
one
man
,
who
would
take
it
.
Michael
Paleologus
,
who
had
made
a
Re-union
of
short
continuance
between
the
Greek
and
the
Latin
Churches
,
had
never
any
other
intention
,
but
thereby
to
hinder
the
Latins
from
uniting
again
to
recover
Constantinople
,
and
to
restore
Baldwin
,
who
did
what
lay
in
his
Power
to
that
purpose
,
year
1275
especially
with
Charles
,
King
of
Naples
and
Sicily
.
Rodolph
,
who
from
a
bare
Count
of
Habsbourg
near
Bale
,
issued
from
a
younger
Brother
of
the
House
of
Alsatia
,
was
come
to
be
raised
to
the
Empire
,
thought
of
nothing
but
how
most
powerfully
to
establish
his
own
House
in
Germany
;
and
herein
he
succeeded
so
well
,
that
it
is
since
become
so
great
and
August
under
the
Illustrious
name
of
Austria
,
which
this
Emperor
bestowed
upon
it
,
in
giving
that
Dutchy
to
his
Son
Albert
,
who
afterwards
also
came
to
be
Emperor
,
as
well
as
his
Father
.
So
that
this
Emperor
Rodolph
never
accomplished
the
Vow
,
which
he
had
made
between
the
hands
of
the
Pope
,
who
himself
gave
the
Cross
to
him
and
to
his
whole
Court
,
and
yet
nevertheless
he
was
not
excommunicated
for
it
,
as
Frederick
the
Second
had
been
.
Abagas
singly
was
not
strong
enough
to
stop
the
Course
of
Bendocdar's
Conquests
,
who
insolently
laughed
at
all
the
vain
attempts
of
the
Princes
of
the
West
,
and
openly
threatned
to
make
all
the
whole
East
the
Trophee
of
his
Arms
,
and
oblige
it
to
submit
to
his
Empire
.
And
as
for
the
poor
Christians
of
Palestine
,
who
most
pressingly
implored
the
succours
of
Europe
,
they
every
day
themselves
advanced
their
own
ruin
by
the
fatal
Effects
of
their
division
,
which
became
still
greater
by
the
Quarrel
,
which
arose
among
them
at
this
time
,
concerning
the
succession
of
a
Kingdom
,
which
thereby
they
made
all
the
haste
they
could
to
lose
.
The
Subject
of
this
Quarrel
is
one
of
the
points
of
History
,
which
Writers
have
made
the
least
clear
,
and
which
in
fews
words
I
will
endeavour
to
explain
.
Isabella
the
Daughter
of
Amauri
,
King
of
Jerusalem
,
and
Heiress
of
that
Realm
,
had
four
Husbands
.
The
first
was
Aufrey
de
Thoron
,
by
whom
she
had
no
Children
.
The
Second
was
Marquis
Conrade
de
Momferrat
,
Prince
of
Tyre
,
by
whom
she
had
the
Marchioness
Mary
,
who
married
John
de
Brienne
,
and
made
him
King
of
Jerusalem
.
Of
this
Marriage
issued
Jolanta
,
the
Wife
to
the
Emperor
Frederick
the
Second
,
Mother
to
the
Emperor
Conrade
,
who
was
Heir
to
this
Realm
,
and
consequently
without
contradiction
left
it
as
of
right
to
the
Unfortunate
Young
Conradin
.
The
third
Husband
of
Queen
Isabella
,
was
Henry
,
Count
de
Champagne
,
whose
Daughter
,
Alice
,
married
Hugh
de
Lusignan
,
the
first
of
that
name
,
King
of
Cyprus
,
by
whom
she
had
the
Princess
Isabella
,
who
was
married
to
Prince
Henry
de
Poitiers
,
the
Son
of
Bohemond
the
fourth
of
that
name
,
Prince
of
Antioch
,
and
of
Plaisance
,
the
Daughter
of
Hugh
,
Lord
of
Giblet
.
From
Henry
de
Poitiers
and
Isabella
de
Lusignan
,
sprung
Hugh
the
third
,
who
after
the
death
of
his
Cousin
Hugh
the
Second
,
who
died
without
Issue
,
was
King
of
Cyprus
in
Right
of
his
Mother
.
The
last
Husband
of
Isabella
,
the
Daughter
of
Amauri
,
King
of
Jerusalem
,
was
Emeri
,
King
of
Cyprus
,
who
had
by
her
the
Princess
Melisantha
,
who
was
second
Wife
to
Bohemond
the
fourth
,
Prince
of
Antioch
,
and
Father
to
Henry
de
Poitiers
,
and
by
her
he
had
the
Princess
Mary
of
Antioch
,
who
was
the
Subject
of
this
difference
.
For
immediately
after
the
death
of
Conradin
,
Hugh
the
third
,
the
King
of
Cyprus
,
who
was
descended
in
a
right
Line
,
from
Alice
de
Champagne
,
the
Daughter
of
Queen
Isabella
by
her
third
Husband
,
passed
into
Palestine
;
and
at
Tyre
,
caused
himself
to
be
crowned
King
of
Jerusalem
,
in
right
of
his
Grandfather
.
But
the
Princess
Mary
of
Antioch
maintained
,
that
the
Realm
appertained
to
her
,
in
regard
that
being
the
Daughter
of
Melisantha
,
she
was
nearer
by
one
degree
to
Queen
Isabella
,
than
Hugh
,
who
was
the
Son
of
her
Cousin
.
The
Process
hereupon
lasted
a
long
time
.
The
Princess
Mary
opposed
the
Coronation
of
Hugh
;
but
perceiving
that
the
Patriarch
took
little
notice
of
her
opposition
,
she
appealed
to
the
Holy
see
,
and
came
in
person
to
pursue
her
right
before
Pope
Gregory
the
tenth
,
who
appointed
Delegates
for
the
Examination
of
the
matter
.
She
also
presented
her self
to
the
Council
of
Lyons
,
and
there
demanded
Justice
.
And
the
cause
being
remitted
to
the
Barons
of
the
Realm
,
who
neither
esteemed
,
nor
much
loved
King
Hugh
,
the
Princess
at
length
with
the
consent
of
Pope
John
the
twenty
first
,
judicially
transferred
to
Charles
d'
Anjou
,
King
of
Naples
and
Sicily
,
all
her
Right
and
Title
upon
certain
conditions
,
by
a
Treaty
,
year
1277
which
was
signed
by
the
Cardinals
and
the
Prelates
of
the
Court
of
Rome
.
And
by
this
Right
it
is
that
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
which
hath
been
possessed
by
the
Princes
,
of
the
House
of
Suabia
,
Kings
of
Sicily
,
as
Descendants
from
Queen
Isabella
,
year
1277
by
Jolanta
her
Grand-Daughter
,
the
Wife
of
Frederick
the
Second
,
was
devolved
to
Charles
d'
Anjou
,
and
his
Posterity
,
and
for
this
reason
the
Dukes
of
Lorrain
,
who
are
descended
from
Ranatus
d'
Anjou
,
King
of
Sicily
,
by
Jolanta
his
only
Daughter
,
Mother
to
Ranatus
,
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
bear
the
Cross
of
Jerusalem
,
together
with
the
Arms
of
the
House
of
Anjou
,
which
they
have
added
to
their
Atchievements
.
The
Kings
of
Arragon
,
who
usurped
Sicily
from
the
Anjouin
Family
,
and
after
them
the
Kings
of
Castile
,
heirs
to
the
House
of
Arragon
,
have
also
taken
to
their
Arms
,
the
Cross
of
Jerusalem
,
and
the
Title
of
that
Realm
.
And
thus
these
Princes
have
pleased
themselves
with
the
Shadow
,
the
Name
,
and
the
empty
shew
,
leaving
the
Body
,
the
Substance
,
and
the
reality
to
the
Infidels
,
the
weak
for
want
of
Power
,
and
the
strong
for
want
of
Zeal
,
chusing
rather
to
imploy
their
Arms
in
less
difficult
Enterprises
.
For
it
is
more
easy
to
take
what
may
be
had
of
what
is
our
own
,
than
to
recover
what
belongs
to
us
,
and
might
be
had
,
though
not
without
trouble
,
charge
and
hazard
.
In
the
mean
time
Charles
,
who
resolved
to
take
possession
of
his
new
Realm
,
sent
Roger
,
Count
de
St.
Severin
,
to
Ptolemais
,
where
he
was
received
by
the
Governor
,
who
put
the
Fortress
into
his
hands
.
And
King
Hugh
having
refused
two
or
three
several
times
,
to
appear
before
the
Barons
,
to
make
out
the
Reasons
of
his
pretensions
to
that
Realm
,
they
acknowledged
Charles
d'
Anjou
for
their
King
,
and
did
him
Homage
;
which
did
still
more
augment
the
Division
,
by
reason
that
the
King
of
Cyprus
having
his
Party
,
although
it
was
weak
,
yet
was
it
able
to
give
abundance
of
trouble
,
even
in
Ptolemais
,
which
he
had
like
to
have
surprized
.
And
certainly
there
was
much
danger
lest
Bendocdar
,
who
was
so
admirably
skilled
in
making
his
own
advantage
in
such
opportunities
,
should
lay
hold
of
this
to
seize
upon
those
small
remainders
,
which
were
yet
possessed
by
the
Christians
in
Syria
,
but
that
God
himself
was
pleased
to
deliver
them
from
this
formidable
Enemy
.
For
this
Sultan
receiving
information
,
that
the
Tartars
had
besieged
a
Fortress
which
he
had
upon
the
Euphrates
,
he
Marched
immediately
to
relieve
it
,
and
causing
his
Cavalry
to
Swim
over
this
great
River
,
he
thought
to
have
surprized
his
Enemies
;
but
they
received
him
so
well
,
that
they
cut
in
pieces
almost
all
his
Troops
;
and
it
was
not
without
great
difficulty
that
he
himself
escaped
,
having
received
a
dangerous
Wound
in
the
Encounter
:
but
at
last
he
got
to
Damascus
,
where
the
Flux
and
Fever
coming
upon
him
,
by
reason
of
his
Wound
,
he
died
in
a
few
Days
after
the
Battle
.
It
is
impossible
to
express
the
joy
which
his
Death
occasioned
among
the
Christians
,
but
it
was
much
increased
by
the
taking
of
the
Fortress
of
Margath
,
and
by
the
Defeat
of
the
Sarasins
,
who
indeavoured
to
retake
it
from
the
Knights
of
the
Temple
;
but
above
all
by
the
great
Victory
of
the
Tartars
:
for
these
People
being
entred
into
Syria
,
laid
all
wast
before
them
,
without
giving
any
Quarter
to
the
Sarasins
,
when
at
length
Melech-Sais
,
the
Successor
of
Bendocdar
,
Marched
out
of
Egypt
with
an
Army
of
two
hundred
thousand
Men
to
give
them
Battle
.
The
two
Armies
met
and
fought
most
furiously
in
the
plain
of
Emessa
,
and
after
a
most
terrible
Slaughter
on
both
sides
,
the
Egyptians
in
conclusion
lost
the
Day
;
and
the
Tartars
,
who
had
also
lost
abundance
of
Men
,
satisfying
themselves
with
their
Victory
,
and
the
huge
Booty
which
they
had
taken
,
returned
again
beyond
the
Euphrates
.
This
without
all
doubt
had
been
a
conjuncture
extremely
favourable
to
the
Christians
;
and
Charles
King
of
Sicily
,
who
was
the
greatest
Captain
of
his
time
,
an
extreme
lover
of
Glory
and
Greatness
,
and
who
,
at
the
Solicitation
of
Pope
Gregory
the
Tenth
,
had
taken
the
Cross
,
and
as
King
of
Jerusalem
had
the
principal
Interest
in
the
Holy
War
,
would
certainly
have
led
a
powerful
Army
into
Syria
,
to
recover
the
Realm
of
Jerusalem
,
as
was
the
Expectation
of
the
whole
World
.
But
the
cruel
adventure
of
the
Sicilian
Vespers
,
year
1281
which
happened
almost
at
the
same
time
,
having
overthrown
all
his
designs
;
did
also
ruin
all
the
hopes
,
and
the
Affairs
of
Christendom
in
the
East
.
For
on
the
one
side
King
Hugh
,
year
1282
who
had
been
obliged
to
return
into
Cyprus
,
entred
now
again
into
Syria
,
year
1283
to
make
advantage
of
the
Misfortune
of
King
Charles
,
and
seized
upon
Tyre
;
year
1284
and
after
his
Death
which
happened
at
the
same
time
,
King
Henry
his
Son
,
who
succeeded
to
his
Brother
John
,
was
received
in
Ptolemais
,
besieged
,
and
in
five
Days
took
the
Fortress
,
year
1286
and
caused
himself
to
be
Crowned
King
of
Jerusalem
;
this
also
made
the
division
increase
among
the
Christians
,
who
divided
themselves
between
the
two
Parties
.
On
the
other
side
the
Sultan
Melech
Sais
,
retook
the
Fortress
of
Margath
,
and
made
himself
Master
of
the
Castle
of
Laodicea
,
and
that
of
Crac
,
which
was
one
of
the
strongest
places
in
Syria
;
year
1287
and
as
at
last
he
was
preparing
to
lay
Siege
to
Tripolis
,
he
abandon'd
all
,
upon
the
news
which
he
had
of
the
Death
of
his
Son
,
and
returned
into
Egypt
,
where
Elsis
one
of
his
Emirs
,
who
was
mightily
esteemed
by
the
Mamalukes
,
tumbled
him
from
the
Throne
,
and
was
chosen
Sultan
in
his
place
,
by
the
name
of
Melech-Messor
.
This
Sultan
,
who
was
a
great
Souldier
,
re-entred
presently
into
Syria
,
where
he
besieged
Tripolis
,
year
1288
and
at
last
took
it
by
Assault
.
Seven
thousand
Christians
were
there
Slain
,
year
1289
and
the
rest
saved
themselves
by
Sea
,
partly
in
Cyprus
,
and
partly
in
Ptolemais
.
The
Sultan
who
was
as
able
and
dexterous
,
as
he
was
Valiant
,
caused
this
great
City
to
be
demolished
,
that
so
he
might
not
be
forced
to
keep
a
whole
Army
in
Garrison
there
,
and
after
having
taken
several
places
thereabout
,
he
made
a
very
advantageous
Truce
for
two
Years
,
thereby
to
frustrate
the
Design
of
the
Forces
,
which
he
foresaw
,
would
be
sent
out
of
Europe
against
him
.
And
indeed
a
very
considerable
assistance
,
which
the
Pope
sent
at
his
own
charges
,
into
the
East
,
upon
twenty
Venetian
Gallies
,
arriving
not
till
after
the
conclusion
of
this
Truce
,
was
constrained
to
return
without
doing
any
thing
.
It
happened
also
that
an
infinite
conflux
of
People
,
of
all
Nations
,
without
Order
,
and
without
Leaders
,
coming
to
Ptolemais
,
and
finding
no
imploy
,
committed
so
many
disorders
,
indifferently
upon
the
Lands
of
the
Christians
and
the
Sarasins
,
that
the
Sultan
,
who
only
wanted
an
occasion
to
break
the
Truce
to
his
advantage
,
laid
hold
of
that
which
he
believed
very
favourable
,
to
execute
the
design
which
he
had
upon
Ptolemais
,
whilest
the
Christian
Princes
,
whom
he
knew
to
be
ingaged
in
Wars
one
against
another
in
Europe
,
had
neither
Power
nor
Will
to
assist
it
.
year
1290
For
this
purpose
,
as
he
had
always
a
powerful
Army
on
Foot
,
he
entred
suddainly
in
the
Month
of
October
,
in
the
year
following
,
and
advanced
towards
Phoenicia
;
and
then
when
he
was
upon
the
point
of
going
to
invest
Ptolemais
,
the
Emir
,
whom
he
had
made
his
Lieutenant
,
thinking
by
the
favour
of
the
Souldiers
to
obtain
his
place
,
gave
him
Poison
whereof
he
died
.
But
this
did
not
prevent
the
Execution
of
the
Design
;
For
the
Mamalukes
,
who
loved
Melech-Messor
extremely
,
pull'd
the
Traitor
who
had
poisoned
him
,
in
a
thousand
pieces
upon
the
spot
,
and
Proclaimed
his
Son
Ely
,
Sultan
,
by
the
name
of
Melech-Seraph
.
This
new
Prince
resolved
to
pursue
the
design
of
his
Father
,
who
at
his
Death
conjured
him
,
not
to
suffer
his
Body
to
be
Interred
,
before
he
had
taken
the
City
,
and
driven
out
the
Christians
.
And
for
this
purpose
therefore
,
without
giving
them
leisure
to
make
any
advantage
of
this
so
sudden
and
great
change
,
turning
short
to
the
left
hand
towards
the
Sea
,
he
came
and
laid
Siege
before
Acre
or
Ptolemais
,
upon
the
fifth
of
April
,
year
1291
in
the
year
one
thousand
two
hundred
ninety
one
,
with
an
Army
of
one
hundred
and
sixty
thousand
Foot
,
and
threescore
thousand
Horse
.
Ptolemais
,
of
whose
Situation
and
Strength
,
I
have
given
an
account
in
the
fifth
Book
of
this
History
,
was
at
this
time
one
of
the
fairest
,
richest
,
and
most
flourishing
Cities
of
all
the
East
,
by
reason
of
the
great
Commerce
of
all
the
Merchandises
,
which
were
brought
thither
from
Egypt
and
Asia
,
by
Land
and
Sea
,
to
be
from
thence
transported
into
Europe
.
And
as
it
was
become
the
Capital
City
of
the
Realm
,
since
the
taking
of
Jerusalem
,
and
the
Sanctuary
,
where
all
the
Christians
of
Palestine
took
Refuge
,
after
the
loss
of
their
Cities
,
so
it
was
also
then
more
Populous
than
ever
it
had
been
;
and
such
great
Industry
had
been
used
in
these
late
times
,
in
fortifying
it
,
that
it
was
thought
to
be
impregnable
;
above
all
having
at
least
thirty
thousand
Men
well
Armed
to
defend
it
,
besides
eighteen
thousand
Crusades
,
who
were
arrived
there
a
little
before
,
without
a
Commander
.
But
this
unfortunate
City
had
within
its
Walls
,
two
kinds
of
Enemies
infinitely
more
formidable
than
all
the
Forces
of
the
Sarasins
,
and
which
were
the
cause
of
its
being
lost
.
year
1291
The
first
was
the
division
which
occasioned
most
fearful
Disorders
,
in
regard
that
besides
that
there
were
two
Factions
,
which
held
one
of
them
for
the
King
of
Cyprus
,
and
the
other
for
the
King
of
Sicily
,
the
Venetians
,
the
Genoese
,
the
Pisans
,
the
Florentines
,
the
English
,
the
Templers
,
the
Hospitallers
,
the
Teutonick
Knights
,
the
Princes
of
the
Country
,
and
even
the
Patriarch
,
and
the
Legate
of
the
Pope
,
would
every
one
so
divide
the
Government
,
as
to
be
independent
upon
all
others
;
so
that
it
might
be
said
,
that
there
were
in
Ptolemais
,
so
many
different
Cities
,
as
there
were
quarters
possessed
by
these
Orders
,
and
different
People
,
who
were
not
only
without
a
Head
,
whose
Supreme
Authority
and
Orders
they
should
all
obey
,
but
who
were
for
the
most
part
in
Arms
one
against
another
.
And
that
which
was
yet
more
deplorable
,
and
which
doubtless
was
the
principal
cause
of
the
Desolation
of
this
unfortunate
City
,
was
,
that
the
Corruption
of
manners
was
so
great
,
and
the
irregularities
of
Peoples
Lives
,
or
rather
the
inundation
of
all
manner
of
Crimes
,
and
even
of
the
most
Infamous
and
Scandalous
Vices
,
were
so
excessive
and
horrible
,
that
the
Divine
Justice
was
even
necessitated
to
exterminate
such
an
abominable
Race
of
Men
,
who
calling
themselves
Christians
by
their
Actions
,
so
Wicked
and
Impious
,
Blasphemed
that
and
his
Sacred
Name
among
the
Infidels
.
So
that
one
may
say
,
as
one
of
the
Authors
of
that
time
does
,
who
was
a
long
time
in
the
Holy
Land
,
and
averrs
it
for
a
deplorable
Truth
,
That
of
all
the
People
which
inhabited
Syria
and
Palestine
,
the
Christians
were
the
most
notoriously
lewd
and
wicked
.
The
Sultan
,
who
had
such
a
numerous
Army
,
and
composed
of
expert
Souldiers
,
and
above
all
his
Mamalukes
,
who
were
extreme
brave
,
attacked
the
City
upon
the
Land
side
by
main
Force
,
battering
the
Walls
and
the
Towers
Night
and
Day
,
making
abundance
of
Mines
every
where
,
and
sapping
the
Foundations
of
the
Towers
,
particularly
those
of
the
Tower
called
Judasses
,
or
the
Cursed
Tower
,
which
was
as
it
were
the
Fortress
of
the
City
.
The
besiged
also
at
first
defended
themselves
vigorously
,
being
in
continual
hopes
of
relief
by
the
way
of
the
Sea
,
which
they
had
open
,
and
being
united
for
their
better
defence
under
one
Chief
,
whom
by
common
consent
they
chose
among
all
the
Captains
,
which
was
William
Beaujeu
,
Great
Master
of
the
Temple
,
a
most
Valiant
Man
,
and
perfectly
skilful
in
Martial
Affairs
.
But
there
arrived
to
their
assistance
only
five
hundred
Foot
,
and
two
hundred
Horse
,
who
were
conducted
by
the
King
of
Cyprus
.
And
the
Great
Master
of
the
Temple
being
unfortunately
slain
with
a
poisoned
Arrow
,
they
lost
their
Courage
,
and
finding
themselves
without
a
Commander
,
they
fell
into
all
their
former
Quarrels
and
Disorders
;
insomuch
that
the
Sarasins
,
who
had
already
made
themselves
Masters
of
two
or
three
Towers
,
giving
a
General
Assault
,
upon
the
eighteenth
Day
of
May
,
carried
the
City
first
by
the
Gate
of
the
Cursed
Tower
,
and
after
by
all
the
other
passages
,
which
those
of
the
City
basely
abandoned
presently
after
,
to
save
themselves
upon
the
Ships
.
But
nevertheless
there
were
but
a
very
few
that
escaped
,
who
threw
themselves
first
into
the
Ships
;
and
who
with
the
King
of
Cyprus
,
and
the
principal
among
the
Knights
and
the
Officers
of
the
Nations
,
arrived
at
last
in
the
Isle
,
after
having
been
in
great
danger
of
perishing
by
a
dreadful
Storm
,
which
overtook
them
in
their
passage
;
for
by
a
surcharge
of
Misfortune
,
the
Sea
ran
so
high
that
Day
,
that
the
greatest
part
of
those
,
who
,
to
avoid
the
Swords
of
the
Sarasins
,
threw
themselves
into
the
Water
,
thinking
to
gain
the
Ships
,
were
Drowned
.
The
Patriarch
himself
,
who
had
already
boarded
a
Gally
,
upon
which
he
was
just
going
to
imbark
,
desiring
out
of
his
Charity
to
take
into
his
Skiff
,
as
many
as
he
could
of
these
miserable
People
,
which
were
in
Shoals
got
into
the
Water
to
come
to
the
Ships
,
was
sunk
to
the
bottom
,
by
the
too
great
Number
with
which
the
Boat
was
loaden
,
and
at
least
at
his
Death
did
the
Office
of
the
good
Shepherd
,
who
gives
his
Life
for
his
Sheep
,
although
he
could
not
thereby
save
theirs
,
by
dying
for
them
in
this
manner
.
All
the
rest
were
exposed
to
the
fury
of
these
Barbarous
Victors
,
who
filled
all
with
Death
and
Slaughter
,
making
Slaves
of
all
those
whom
the
Sword
spared
,
after
they
had
,
by
all
manner
of
Disorders
and
Violence
,
glutted
their
insatiable
Cruelty
and
Lust
.
There
were
there
always
a
certain
Number
of
Virgins
,
consecrated
to
God
,
who
nevertheless
found
out
a
Marvellous
way
to
preserve
their
Virginity
inviolated
,
even
by
the
assistance
of
these
Enemies
of
their
Honor
,
year
1291
the
Barbarous
ravishers
.
For
the
Abbess
of
the
Nunnery
,
which
was
of
the
Order
of
St.
Clare
,
seeing
that
the
City
was
taken
,
and
that
they
could
not
escape
the
hands
of
the
Sarasins
,
whose
Cruelty
was
less
terrible
than
their
brutish
Lust
,
she
exhorted
her
Daughters
with
a
most
Heroick
Courage
,
and
an
admirable
servor
of
Spirit
,
to
imitate
her
example
,
if
they
would
preserve
that
treasure
,
which
ought
to
be
a
thousand
times
dearer
to
them
than
their
Lives
.
And
thereupon
she
cut
of
her
own
Nose
,
making
her self
horribly
deformed
in
the
Eyes
of
Men
,
to
be
admirably
beautiful
in
the
sight
of
God
,
whom
only
she
desired
to
please
.
All
the
others
doubtless
animated
by
a
like
inspiration
of
the
Holy
Spirit
,
which
had
formerly
inspired
a
Holy
Abbess
in
England
,
in
the
same
manner
,
did
presently
the
same
Execution
upon
themselves
,
by
their
Blood
to
extinguish
the
brutish
Flames
of
these
Barbarians
,
who
finding
them
in
this
condition
,
which
gave
them
a
horror
,
they
instantly
Murdered
them
all
,
and
by
this
obliging
Cruelty
,
gave
them
the
means
to
add
the
Palm
of
Martyrdom
,
to
that
of
their
Virginity
,
and
as
the
Scripture
expresseth
it
,
to
wash
their
Robes
in
the
Blood
of
the
Lamb
;
to
have
the
Honor
to
follow
him
.
The
Cordeliers
,
who
were
their
spiritual
Fathers
,
and
had
a
fair
Convent
in
Ptolemais
,
were
also
all
Slain
without
Pity
,
and
above
sixty
thousand
perished
in
this
fatal
loss
of
the
City
,
or
were
carried
Captives
into
Egypt
.
The
next
Day
,
which
was
the
nineteenth
of
the
Month
,
the
Templers
,
who
yet
held
the
principal
Tower
of
the
Temple
,
after
having
cut
in
pieces
three
hundred
Sarasins
,
who
were
entred
into
their
quarter
,
and
who
during
a
Capitulation
,
had
attempted
the
Honor
of
the
Ladies
,
had
a
destiny
like
that
of
Sampson
:
For
they
were
all
overwhelm'd
with
the
fall
of
their
Tower
,
which
was
overthrown
with
the
Sape
,
and
which
Buried
with
them
under
the
same
Ruines
,
the
Enemies
which
did
Attack
them
.
Thus
the
Famous
Ptolemais
,
which
had
been
taken
a
hundred
years
before
,
by
Philip
the
August
,
King
of
France
,
and
by
Richard
Coeur-de-Lyon
,
King
of
England
,
after
having
maintained
a
Siege
of
three
years
,
against
more
than
three
hundred
thousand
Crusades
,
who
came
thither
successively
,
was
retaken
by
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
in
four
and
forty
Days
,
and
with
it
the
Christians
lost
all
their
Courage
and
their
Judgment
to
that
degree
,
as
to
suffer
all
that
remained
to
them
in
Syria
,
and
the
Holy
Land
,
to
follow
the
same
,
or
rather
a
more
shameful
Fortune
,
than
that
of
Ptolemais
.
For
those
who
might
very
well
have
defended
Tyre
,
a
City
which
was
extremely
strong
,
forsook
it
,
and
fled
away
upon
their
Ships
,
so
soon
as
they
heard
the
sad
news
of
the
loss
of
Ptolemais
,
so
that
the
next
Day
the
Sarasins
entred
it
,
without
resistance
.
The
Templers
which
were
in
Sidon
,
and
in
the
Pilgrims
Castle
,
did
the
same
,
upon
seeing
one
of
the
Lieutenants
of
Melech-Seraph
,
prepare
to
besiege
them
by
Sea
.
And
those
of
Baruth
,
trusting
to
this
perfidious
Emir
,
who
had
promised
to
treat
them
as
Friends
,
if
in
his
passage
through
their
Lands
,
they
would
repair
to
him
,
were
all
either
cut
in
pieces
,
or
sent
in
Chains
,
to
suffer
a
miserable
Captivity
in
Egypt
.
And
thus
these
four
Maritime
places
,
being
all
that
remained
to
the
Christians
in
the
Holy
Land
,
after
the
taking
of
Ptolemais
,
were
also
lost
,
and
it
was
precisely
at
this
time
,
that
they
were
wholly
chased
from
thence
,
a
hundred
ninety
and
two
years
after
that
Godfrey
of
Bullen
,
and
the
other
Princes
of
the
Crusade
,
had
so
gloriously
Conquered
and
founded
this
Realm
,
which
continued
for
near
two
hundred
years
,
under
fifteen
or
sixteen
Kings
.
And
this
makes
it
appear
that
it
cannot
be
absolutely
said
that
the
Crusades
were
unfortunate
,
no
more
than
that
by
the
same
reason
it
can
be
maintained
that
the
enterprises
of
the
great
Cyrus
were
not
prosperous
,
because
the
Monarchy
of
the
Persians
,
which
he
founded
by
his
Conquests
,
did
not
last
more
than
two
hundred
years
,
under
thirteen
Kings
.
But
such
is
the
fatality
of
all
Earthly
things
,
which
after
their
Birth
and
Establishment
,
increase
and
continue
till
a
certain
Period
,
which
Nature
,
or
rather
Divine
Providence
hath
prefixed
to
them
,
as
the
term
of
their
perfection
,
after
which
they
decrease
either
insensibly
,
as
in
natural
productions
,
or
else
suddainly
by
some
great
Revolution
of
Fortune
,
by
which
they
cease
to
be
,
what
they
had
never
been
,
but
upon
that
necessary
condition
of
fatality
,
that
one
Day
they
are
to
be
no
more
.
As
for
the
rest
,
the
Victorious
Sultan
that
he
might
take
from
the
Christians
the
hopes
and
the
desire
to
recover
what
they
had
lost
,
year
1291
and
to
hinder
them
for
the
future
from
becoming
Masters
of
the
Sea
,
by
the
taking
or
any
of
these
Maritime
places
,
he
demolished
,
burnt
,
and
overthrew
from
the
very
Foundations
all
these
Cities
as
well
as
Ptolemais
,
which
having
been
one
of
the
fairest
Cities
of
the
World
,
but
also
one
of
the
most
wicked
,
is
no
more
at
present
but
a
miserable
remnant
of
ruins
the
greatness
whereof
make
apparent
both
that
of
the
City
,
when
it
was
in
its
flourishing
estate
,
and
that
of
the
terrible
punishment
which
it
drew
upon
it self
by
its
Enormous
Crimes
.
This
sad
news
of
so
great
and
unexpected
a
loss
,
did
wonderfully
surprize
Pope
Nicholas
the
fourth
,
who
for
above
a
year
last
past
had
used
all
imaginable
industry
to
form
a
general
Crusade
of
all
the
Christians
of
the
West
against
the
Mamalukes
,
who
continually
threatned
Palestine
.
He
had
with
powerful
Sollicitations
,
invited
all
the
Kings
of
Europe
into
it
,
and
had
prevailed
so
well
,
that
Edward
King
of
England
had
declared
himself
chief
thereof
,
and
had
made
great
preparations
throughout
his
whole
Kingdom
,
to
put
himself
into
a
Condition
to
march
at
the
time
,
which
this
good
Pope
had
named
,
which
was
at
the
Feast
of
St.
John
Baptist
,
in
the
year
one
thousand
two
hundred
and
ninety
three
.
When
in
the
mean
time
,
he
understood
,
that
the
Christians
had
lost
all
in
Syria
,
in
the
Month
of
May
,
one
thousand
two
hundred
ninety
one
.
This
was
like
a
mighty
clap
of
thunder
,
which
did
mightily
amaze
him
,
but
which
nevertheless
did
not
hinder
him
from
redoubling
his
endeavours
by
his
Letters
,
by
his
Legates
,
and
by
his
Preachers
,
whom
he
dispatched
to
all
places
,
to
excite
the
Christians
to
take
upon
them
the
Cross
,
and
to
unite
the
Princes
of
the
East
and
West
,
and
even
the
Kings
of
the
Tartars
,
the
Iberians
,
Georgians
and
Armenians
with
their
forces
in
the
design
to
recover
together
from
their
Common
Enemy
,
what
had
been
lost
for
want
of
this
Union
.
But
the
Evil
being
now
believed
to
be
desperate
and
without
Remedy
,
all
that
this
Pope
did
,
and
all
that
his
Successors
endeavoured
to
do
afterwards
upon
this
Subject
,
was
never
able
to
produce
one
Crusade
,
to
procure
the
recovery
of
the
Holy
Land
.
year
1296
Boniface
the
eighth
upon
the
desire
of
Cassan
King
of
the
Tartars
in
Persia
,
that
the
Princes
of
Europe
would
join
with
him
in
a
War
against
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
writ
indeed
to
them
,
but
in
terms
so
high
and
lofty
,
that
there
were
not
any
,
who
would
take
notice
of
them
.
year
1311
Clement
the
fifth
,
following
the
Example
of
his
Predecessors
,
acted
in
the
Council
of
Vienna
by
the
way
of
powerful
exhortation
,
and
caused
it
to
be
ordained
by
a
particular
Decree
,
that
the
Cross
should
be
preached
in
all
places
,
for
the
recovery
of
the
Holy
Land
,
and
there
were
many
of
all
Nations
,
who
took
it
upon
them
.
But
as
it
was
only
a
confused
Multitude
,
without
any
head
of
Reputation
,
the
Princes
of
those
times
,
having
other
interests
than
that
of
the
Holy
Land
,
he
gave
them
all
absolution
from
their
Vow
,
and
sent
them
back
into
their
own
Countries
.
year
1328
That
which
was
done
upon
the
same
Subject
under
Pope
John
the
two
and
twentieth
made
a
far
greater
Noise
,
but
produced
no
more
effect
.
This
Pope
,
who
with
a
mighty
passion
desired
the
reestablishment
of
the
Empire
of
the
Christians
in
Palestine
,
acted
by
Agreement
for
this
noble
end
,
with
King
Philip
de
Valois
,
who
was
then
the
most
potent
and
renowned
King
of
France
,
especially
after
that
glorious
Victory
,
which
he
obtained
against
the
Flemmings
at
Cassel
.
For
this
purpose
he
created
Patriarch
of
Jerusalem
the
famous
Doctor
of
Paris
,
year
1330
Peter
de
la
Palu
,
a
noble
Burgundian
or
Brescian
,
of
the
Illustrious
House
of
the
Lords
of
Varembon
,
a
Religious
of
the
Order
of
St.
Dominick
:
and
the
King
,
who
had
procured
this
Dignity
for
him
,
in
honour
of
his
extraordinary
Merit
,
sent
him
presently
after
into
Egypt
,
with
order
to
treat
with
the
Sultan
about
the
restitution
of
Jerusalem
upon
reasonable
terms
,
before
he
went
to
compel
him
to
it
,
by
making
War
upon
him
with
all
the
Forces
of
Europe
.
And
in
the
mean
time
Philip
taking
the
opportunity
of
a
Pilgrimage
,
which
he
made
to
Marseilles
,
to
do
honour
to
the
sacred
Relicks
of
St.
Lewis
,
Bishop
of
Tolouse
,
his
Kinsman
,
went
also
to
Avignion
to
conferr
with
the
Pope
concerning
this
great
Affair
,
where
the
Pope
gave
him
the
tenths
of
all
the
Ecclesiastical
estates
in
France
,
to
be
employed
in
the
Holy
War
.
year
1334
But
as
this
great
Enterprise
could
not
be
so
quickly
put
in
Execution
,
by
reason
of
the
troubles
,
year
1334
which
the
fatal
Schism
of
Lewis
of
Bavaria
had
raised
in
the
Church
.
Philip
,
to
whom
the
Patriarch
of
Jerusalem
,
who
was
returned
from
his
Ambassy
,
had
given
an
account
of
the
Obstinacy
of
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
sent
some
time
after
to
Avignion
,
Peter
de
Roger
,
Arch-Bishop
of
Roan
,
a
Prelate
of
consummate
Wisdom
and
learning
,
where
at
length
a
Pope
was
chosen
to
the
throne
of
St.
Peter
by
the
name
of
Clement
the
sixth
.
This
great
man
very
strongly
harangued
the
Council
upon
the
necessity
of
a
general
Crusade
,
and
upon
the
means
,
which
the
King
,
his
Master
,
had
taken
to
make
it
successful
to
the
glory
of
the
Church
,
provided
that
she
would
contribute
her
Authority
to
it
.
He
promised
also
with
an
Oath
,
that
this
generous
Prince
should
march
within
less
than
two
years
at
the
head
of
the
Crusades
;
so
that
the
Pope
declared
him
General
of
the
Holy
League
,
and
confirmed
to
him
the
Grant
of
the
Tenths
for
six
years
,
and
sent
to
him
the
Arch-Bishop
with
a
most
ample
Commission
to
bestow
the
Cross
,
and
all
the
privileges
and
perogatives
,
which
the
former
Popes
had
granted
to
the
other
Crusades
.
Thereupon
the
King
in
Ceremony
received
the
Cross
from
the
hands
of
the
Prelate
in
his
Chappel
at
Paris
,
with
John
,
King
of
Bohemia
,
and
Philip
,
King
of
Navarr
,
who
were
then
at
his
Court
,
and
so
did
the
greatest
part
of
the
Barons
of
the
Realm
.
He
also
made
his
preparations
with
extreme
application
and
excessive
cost
,
surpassing
all
that
any
of
the
Kings
his
Predecessors
had
done
upon
the
like
occasions
;
causing
to
be
rigged
in
several
Ports
,
the
fairest
Fleet
that
ever
France
had
seen
,
which
was
able
to
transport
forty
thousand
men
at
Arms
with
their
Horses
,
and
which
was
furnished
with
all
sorts
of
Provisions
in
prodigious
abundance
.
He
had
also
taken
great
care
,
to
publish
this
Crusade
throughout
Europe
,
and
had
engaged
the
Kings
of
Arragon
,
Majorca
,
Sicily
,
Cyprus
and
Hungary
,
the
Republicks
of
Venice
and
Genoa
,
to
joyn
their
Arms
with
his
,
that
they
might
all
march
together
under
his
Conduct
against
the
Sultan
.
So
that
it
was
thought
this
mighty
Army
of
Crusades
,
would
consist
in
three
hundred
thousand
Combatants
,
which
already
made
the
whole
East
to
tremble
,
and
filled
the
whole
Earth
with
the
Glory
of
the
name
of
France
and
the
noise
of
such
formidable
preparations
.
But
as
there
is
nothing
more
required
to
the
fixing
a
mighty
Engine
and
rendring
it
immoveable
,
but
to
stop
the
secret
Springs
,
which
give
it
that
violent
Impression
,
which
draws
upon
it
the
Eyes
and
admiration
of
the
Spectators
,
by
its
prodigious
movement
;
so
the
War
which
in
the
midst
of
these
transactions
,
Edward
,
King
of
England
,
declared
against
Philip
,
having
stopped
this
Prince
by
obliging
him
to
turn
his
Arms
another
way
,
and
to
defend
himself
,
all
this
great
Crusade
,
about
which
he
had
taken
such
care
and
pains
,
became
vain
and
fruitless
.
And
all
the
forces
of
the
Princes
of
Europe
,
being
divided
between
these
two
great
Enemies
,
England
and
France
,
there
remained
none
to
go
into
Egypt
and
Syria
to
combat
against
the
Enemies
of
Jesus
Christ
.
And
thus
the
War
,
which
the
English
made
with
France
,
and
which
at
length
drive
them
out
of
it
,
hindred
the
War
of
the
Holy
Land
,
which
the
French
had
undertaken
to
make
against
the
Infidels
,
from
having
a
conclusion
answerable
to
its
beginning
,
and
the
general
expectation
,
that
thereby
the
Infidels
should
be
chased
out
of
the
Inheritance
of
the
Son
of
God
.
year
1336
And
this
seems
to
me
,
to
be
all
that
was
any
ways
considerable
,
which
was
ever
done
afterwards
in
regard
of
Palestine
.
For
the
great
endeavours
,
which
were
afterwards
made
by
the
Pope's
,
Nicholas
the
fifth
,
Calixtus
the
third
,
and
Pius
the
Second
for
the
Reunion
of
all
Christians
in
a
Holy
War
,
were
not
for
the
Recovery
of
the
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
.
Matters
then
were
far
different
,
and
all
the
care
was
how
to
oppose
the
furious
Torrent
of
the
Conquests
,
of
the
Ottoman
Family
,
Mahomet
the
Second
after
having
taken
Constantinople
,
year
1453
already
beginning
to
threaten
Hungary
,
Greece
and
Italy
.
As
for
Syria
it
was
ever
abandoned
from
the
time
that
the
Christians
,
had
been
chased
out
of
it
by
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
after
the
taking
of
Ptolemais
,
and
much
more
after
that
Selim
,
year
1494
the
Emperor
of
the
Turks
conquered
Palestine
and
Egypt
from
the
Mamalukes
.
The
fear
which
there
was
,
that
his
Grand-Son
Selim
the
Second
,
after
the
Conquest
of
Cyprus
,
should
fall
into
Italy
,
obliged
Pope
Pius
the
fifth
,
Philip
the
Second
,
King
of
Spain
,
year
1571
and
the
Venetians
to
unite
their
Forces
against
such
a
dreadful
Enemy
,
against
whom
the
famous
Victory
of
Lepanto
,
of
which
so
little
advantage
was
made
,
signified
nothing
as
to
the
regaining
of
Cyprus
,
or
any
other
of
his
Conquests
from
him
.
It
hath
been
frequently
seen
since
that
,
and
even
in
our
days
,
that
the
French
,
the
Italians
,
the
Poles
,
the
Germans
and
Hungarians
,
have
united
themselves
,
against
these
fierce
Ottomans
,
who
think
of
nothing
so
much
as
raising
their
Empire
still
higher
upon
the
ruins
of
the
Christians
;
but
these
Unions
have
proceeded
no
further
,
but
to
prevent
them
from
pushing
on
their
Conquests
further
,
rather
than
for
the
recovery
of
what
they
have
gained
;
and
I
know
not
by
what
inchantment
it
happens
,
that
the
Turks
have
ever
gained
upon
the
Christians
,
and
that
the
Christians
,
who
are
much
Superior
to
them
in
Courage
and
Soul
,
think
they
do
enough
if
they
resist
them
,
when
they
are
attacked
at
their
own
doors
,
without
ever
daring
to
undertake
to
go
directly
against
them
,
to
snatch
out
of
their
hands
,
what
they
have
despoiled
them
of
,
or
to
overturn
their
Empire
.
I
know
there
are
Writers
,
who
have
endeavoured
to
make
such
a
Design
appear
not
impossible
to
be
executed
,
according
as
they
have
imagined
,
and
chalked
out
the
ways
,
which
ought
to
be
taken
to
make
it
succeed
without
much
difficulty
;
which
certainly
were
the
most
certain
way
to
recover
the
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
.
As
for
my
part
,
who
must
acknowledge
the
deficiency
of
my
Understanding
in
matters
of
War
and
Policy
,
I
shall
not
undertake
to
reason
upon
that
Subject
,
which
is
neither
any
part
of
my
Profession
nor
design
.
It
sufficeth
me
that
God
hath
done
me
the
favour
to
permit
me
to
finish
an
enterprise
so
difficult
as
this
of
writing
,
at
least
with
great
fidelity
,
and
with
all
the
exactness
I
have
been
able
,
as
I
think
I
have
done
,
this
present
Work
of
the
History
of
the
Crusades
for
the
deliverance
of
the
Holy
Land
.