LETTERS
Writ
by
A
Spy
at
PARIS
.
VOL.
VII
.
BOOK
I.
LETTER
I.
Mahmut
the
Arabian
at
Paris
,
to
Mirmadolin
,
Holy
Santone
of
the
Vale
of
Sidon
.
WHY
was
I
made
a
Man
,
to
endure
these
Cruel
Agonies
,
of
which
no
other
Species
of
known
Beings
can
possibly
be
Capable
?
Or
why
,
at
least
,
was
I
particularly
Form'd
of
such
a
Constitution
,
as
to
attract
the
Evils
which
are
scatter'd
up
and
down
the
World
,
and
Piece-Meal
drop'd
on
the
Nativities
of
other
Mortal
Men
;
whilst
I
alone
am
made
the
Common
Sink
of
Humane
Misery
?
Surely
my
partial
Horoscope
Monopoliz'd
the
most
envenom'd
Aspects
of
the
Stars
,
without
partaking
of
the
least
Benigne
and
Favourable
Glance
.
The
Planets
had
laid
up
an
Ancient
deep
Reserve
of
Fatal
Influences
,
which
they
pour'd
out
at
large
upon
the
very
Moment
of
my
Birth
.
Nor
cou'd
the
Careful
Midwife
with
all
her
Skill
and
Charms
,
defend
my
tender
,
ductile
,
reeking
Body
,
from
the
Invisible
Cataracts
which
flow'd
upon
me
from
all
the
Envious
Signs
and
Constellations
in
Heaven
.
My
whole
Life
has
been
but
One
continu'd
Tragedy
,
wherein
the
Various
Change
of
Scenes
has
not
reliev'd
me
from
the
Least
Real
Evil
hid
behind
,
but
only
amuz'd
my
Sense
with
some
New
Pageantry
,
some
Fair
Idea
of
Honour
,
Pleasure
or
Profit
;
When
before
the
ACT
was
done
,
I
found
my self
cajol'd
,
and
over-whelm'd
in
Fresh
Calamities
;
Misfortunes
which
I
never
dream't
of
.
Oh!
that
th'
Omnipotent
,
when
from
Eternal
silent
Thought
,
he
drew
th'
Idea's
of
every
Species
,
and
every
Individual
Being
,
which
he
design'd
for
Actual
Existence
in
the
World
,
had
Form'd
me
for
a
Tree
,
an
Herb
,
a
Blade
of
Grass
,
a
Stone
,
a
Mushroom
,
or
any
Insensible
Thing
,
Incapable
of
Pleasure
or
Pain
,
of
Grief
or
Joy
or
other
Passions
,
which
hourly
thus
torment
our
Humane
Race
;
I
had
been
then
a
Happy
Neuter
to
all
false
Shews
of
Happiness
,
and
Real
Sense
of
Misery
.
Oh!
that
I
'd
been
an
Oak
,
a
Beech
,
a
Palm
,
or
Cypress
of
the
Forest
:
For
then
,
if
Vegetables
have
any
Feeling
of
their
own
State
,
I
shou'd
be
only
touch'd
with
secret
Pleasure
,
when
the
Gentle
Winds
shou'd
play
among
my
Amorous
Branches
,
and
teach
my
wanton
Leaves
,
to
dance
the
Measures
of
Young
Harmless
Love
;
Or
when
I
felt
the
seasonable
Rain
distilling
on
my
wither'd
Bark
,
and
from
thence
sliding
to
my
thirsty
Roots
;
Or
when
Great
Phoebus
prints
warm
vigorous
Kisses
on
my
Cheeks
and
Neck
.
But
if
this
be
too
proud
a
Thought
,
I
wish
I
'd
only
been
some
Humble
Shrub
,
some
Pigmy
Plant
,
some
Vegetable
Dwarf
,
a
Page
unto
the
Mighty
Trees
,
subsisting
on
the
Drops
and
Fragments
of
their
larger
Banquets
,
meekly
cringing
at
their
Feet
;
whilst
I
stood
safe
and
free
from
Storms
,
under
the
Shade
of
their
extended
Boughs
,
in
Happy
low
Obscurity
.
When
I
pass
through
the
Fields
,
and
see
the
Harmless
Sheep
browzing
upon
the
tender
Grass
,
and
hear
them
bleating
to
their
wanton
Lambs
,
I
cannot
chuse
but
envy
them
a
Life
so
void
of
Care
and
Pain
.
They
range
and
sport
at
large
in
Flow'ry
Meadows
,
near
some
Crystal
Stream
,
or
take
the
Pastures
of
the
Mountains
:
Whilst
Chearful
Shepherds
tune
their
Pipes
,
and
sing
in
Praise
of
Amaryllis
,
Daphne
,
Sylvia
,
or
some
other
Nymph
;
and
watchful
Dogs
lie
scouting
on
the
Plain
,
to
give
th'
Alarm
,
and
chase
away
sly
Wolves
,
and
other
Ravenous
Beasts
.
After
I
've
let
my
Envy
fix
it self
a
while
on
these
,
a
warbling
Melody
from
neighbouring
Groves
diverts
my
Melancholy
Thoughts
,
and
turns
'em
to
new
Objects
.
Then
I
lament
my
Fate
,
in
that
I
was
not
made
a
Nightingale
,
a
Thrush
,
a
Lark
,
or
any
of
the
Feather'd
Quire
,
who
with
sweet
chearful
Notes
salute
Aurora
and
the
Rising
Sun
,
and
chirp
all
Day
the
Praises
of
that
Source
of
Warmth
and
Life
,
who
vests
the
Earth
in
Green
Attire
,
who
decks
the
Trees
with
Verdant
Leaves
,
and
fills
the
World
with
Light
.
They
chirp
and
fly
from
Tree
to
Tree
,
from
Bough
to
Bough
,
rejoicing
in
the
Beams
that
dart
and
glide
among
the
moving
Shades
of
Branches
rock'd
by
Winds
.
Their
Thoughts
are
taken
up
in
building
Nests
,
wherein
to
hatch
their
Young
and
shelter
'em
from
Injuries
.
They
have
no
Plots
nor
Politick
Tricks
,
to
undermine
each
other
;
but
pass
away
their
Time
in
Innocent
Security
,
and
Harmless
Pleasures
.
Methinks
,
the
Worms
and
little
Reptiles
of
the
Earth
,
are
happier
far
than
I.
They
crawl
and
creep
about
in
Hollow
Trees
,
in
Clefts
of
Rocks
and
Crannies
of
the
Ground
,
to
hunt
for
Food
and
for
Divertisement
.
They
live
at
Ease
,
without
being
rack'd
by
supernumerary
Cares
and
Fears
.
And
if
some
Ruder
Foot
of
Man
or
Beast
,
shall
trample
them
by
Chance
to
Death
,
or
more
malicious
Hand
with
Stone
or
other
Weapon
shall
wilfully
bereave
them
of
their
Life
,
't
is
done
so
suddainly
that
they
've
no
Sense
of
Pain
:
Whereas
my
Life
's
a
constant
Martyrdom
;
a
long
continued
Series
of
Torments
.
I
do
not
complain
of
the
Distempers
and
Maladies
which
afflict
my
Body
;
though
those
are
sometimes
so
violent
as
to
make
me
wish
for
Death
,
that
so
I
might
be
at
Ease
:
But
't
is
the
fretting
Anguish
of
my
Mind
,
that
forces
all
these
Sighs
and
Exolamations
from
me
.
I
am
embarass'd
in
the
World
:
Snares
compass
me
round
about
:
My
own
Good
Nature
has
betray'd
me
:
Those
of
my
Blood
conspire
against
me
;
they
hunt
me
up
and
down
like
a
Partridge
in
the
Wood
;
they
closely
pursue
my
Life
.
The
Kindnesses
that
I
have
sown
,
spring
up
in
Blades
of
bitter
Ingratitude
and
Perfidy
.
My
Seminaries
bring
forth
Aconite
and
stinking
Weeds
,
instead
of
pleasant
Flowers
and
wholesome
Fruits
.
Tagot
has
set
his
Foot
in
all
my
Works
.
That
sly
interloping
Spirit
,
hates
to
see
any
good
Thing
prosper
,
or
come
to
Perfection
:
He
steals
behind
us
in
all
our
Ways
;
and
as
fast
as
we
weave
any
Web
of
Vertue
,
he
secretly
unravels
it
,
or
deforms
the
Work
with
intermixing
some
Threads
of
Vice
.
I
am
weary
of
striving
against
the
Current
of
my
Fate
.
Oh!
that
I
were
as
though
I
had
never
been
!
That
my
Soul
were
drench'd
in
Lethe's
Forgetful
Waters
,
where
all
Past
Things
are
buried
in
Eternal
Oblivion
!
Then
wou'd
my
Anguish
be
at
an
End
;
Whereas
I
am
now
rowl'd
about
upon
a
Wheel
of
Miseries
.
Holy
Santone
,
when
thou
shalt
read
this
,
pity
me
;
and
amidst
thy
Divine
Ejaculations
,
dart
up
Mahmut's
Soul
to
Paradise
,
on
the
Point
of
a
strong
Thought
,
that
so
at
least
I
may
have
a
Moments
Respite
from
my
Constant
Sadness
.
Paris
,
27th
.
of
the
2d
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
II.
To
the
Kaimacham
.
THere
is
now
some
Probability
of
a
Peace
between
the
English
and
the
Dutch
:
Which
will
also
reconcile
this
Crown
to
that
of
Great
Britain
;
Since
the
King
of
France
engag'd
in
this
War
,
only
on
the
Account
of
the
Dutch
,
his
Allies
.
The
Advances
toward
this
Accommodation
,
took
their
Rise
from
the
Alliance
lately
concluded
between
the
States
of
the
Vnited
Provinces
,
the
King
of
Denmark
,
the
Duke
of
Brandenburgh
,
and
the
Princes
of
Brunswick
.
The
King
of
England
protests
against
the
Dutch
,
as
the
First
Aggressors
,
in
that
they
had
taken
above
Two
Hundred
of
his
Merchant-ships
,
before
he
offer'd
the
least
Act
of
Hostility
.
Which
the
States
seeming
to
acknowledge
,
desire
the
King
to
appoint
some
Neutral
Place
of
Treaty
with
them
and
their
Allies
,
in
Order
to
a
Peace
,
the
Security
of
Navigation
,
and
the
Establishment
of
Commerce
for
the
future
.
Here
is
great
Joy
for
the
Birth
of
a
young
Princess
,
of
whom
the
Queen
was
deliver'd
on
the
2d
.
of
the
Moon
of
Jannary
.
She
is
call'd
God's
New-Years
Gift
to
France
:
In
regard
,
the
First
Day
of
that
Moon
begins
the
Year
with
the
Christians
.
And
't
is
common
among
them
to
send
mutual
Gifts
and
Presents
to
one
another
at
that
Time
,
which
they
call
,
New-Years
Gifts
.
And
so
it
seems
,
God
Almighty
has
appear'd
very
Modisn
and
Complaisant
,
in
thus
timing
the
Nativity
of
the
Royal
Babe
:
For
which
they
express
their
Thanks
in
Revelling
,
Dancing
,
Ballads
,
and
a
Thousand
other
Vanities
.
And
these
Divertisements
continue
to
this
Time
,
it
being
the
Nazarenes
Carnaval
;
a
Season
consecrated
to
Sport
and
Mirth
,
to
Liberty
,
Buffoonry
,
and
all
Manner
of
Comical
and
Ridiculous
Apishness
.
During
this
Time
,
you
shall
see
an
Infinite
Variety
of
odd
Humours
,
and
mimical
Actions
in
the
open
Streets
,
according
to
every
Man
's
particular
Phancy
.
Here
you
shall
meet
with
one
dress'd
half
i'
th'
French
and
half
i'
th'
Spanish
Fashion
.
On
the
left
side
of
his
Head
hangs
dangling
down
a
long
thick
curled
Peruke
,
which
reaches
to
his
Breast
;
whilst
on
the
Right
you
see
nothing
but
his
own
Hair
,
crop'd
close
to
his
Ears
.
A
long
Mustach
as
black
as
Jet
,
graces
the
Right
Side
of
his
upper
Lip
;
whilst
on
the
Left
,
he
is
Beardless
as
a
Boy
of
Seven
Years
Old
.
And
so
from
head
to
Foot
,
he
wears
two
contrary
Garbs
.
One
walks
about
with
Gloves
upon
his
Feet
,
and
Shooes
upon
his
Hands
:
Another
wears
his
Breeches
like
a
Mantle
on
his
Shoulders
.
Here
comes
a
Stately
Coach
,
jogging
along
with
grave
slow
Pace
,
and
drawn
by
Six
fair
Horses
,
as
if
some
Prince
or
Cardinal
were
in
it
;
when
behold
there
's
nothing
but
a
silly
Ass
puts
forth
his
giddy
Head
,
with
flapping
Ears
,
half
drunk
with
the
jolting
,
unaccustom'd
Motion
.
Sometimes
he
brays
aloud
,
and
then
the
Rabble
fall
alaughing
.
A
Thousand
other
Fopperies
there
are
,
not
worth
thy
Knowledge
:
For
,
both
the
Noble
and
the
Vulgar
are
all
upon
the
Frolick
at
this
Time
,
and
indulge
their
wanton
Phancies
to
the
Height
.
But
't
is
a
fatal
Season
for
the
poor
Cats
;
few
of
which
escape
the
Multitude
,
whose
peculiar
Pastime
't
is
to
toss
these
Creatures
in
a
Blanket
till
they
are
dead
;
or
else
to
tie
them
Two
and
Two
together
by
the
Tails
,
and
then
they
'll
bite
and
scratch
one
another
to
Death
.
The
Cocks
also
are
generally
great
Martyrs
during
the
Carnaval
;
the
Rabble
have
a
Hundred
Cruel
Ways
to
murder
them
in
Sport
.
All
their
Devices
are
Inhumane
and
Bloody
.
They
did
not
learn
these
prophane
Courses
from
Jesus
,
or
any
of
the
Prophets
or
Apostles
of
God
:
But
they
are
the
Reliques
of
Gentile
Vanity
,
in
the
Beginning
conniv'd
at
by
the
Priests
,
the
easier
to
retain
their
Proselytes
in
Obedience
;
who
wou'd
rather
have
parted
with
their
New
Religion
,
than
with
their
Old
Barbarous
Customs
.
And
thus
the
Pagan
Fooleries
were
handed
down
to
the
Posterity
of
the
Primitive
Christians
,
and
were
adopted
into
the
Family
of
Church
Traditions
:
And
Men
are
not
more
zealous
for
the
Gospel
it self
,
than
for
these
Ridiculous
Prophanations
of
it
:
So
dangerous
a
Thing
it
is
for
Governours
,
by
a
Criminal
Indulgence
,
to
permit
their
Subjects
any
Liberty
which
interferes
with
the
Fundamental
Principles
of
the
Law
:
For
,
such
a
Dispensation
once
granted
,
passes
into
a
Precedent
,
which
in
Process
of
Time
,
becomes
of
equal
Force
with
the
Law
it self
.
And
by
such
preposterous
Methods
of
winning
and
retaining
Converts
,
Christianity
arriv'd
to
the
height
of
corruption
it
's
now
infected
with
.
Sage
Minister
,
t
was
for
this
Reason
God
rais'd
up
our
Holy
Prophet
,
and
gave
him
a
new
Law
,
with
Power
to
reform
and
chastise
the
Infidels
.
He
planted
the
Vndefiled
Faith
with
Scymeter
in
Hand
;
not
palliating
or
encouraging
the
smallest
Vicious
Practice
;
but
subduing
all
Things
by
the
Dint
of
Reason
or
the
keen
Edge
of
the
Sword
.
God
hasten
his
Return
;
for
the
Prevarications
of
this
Age
require
it
.
Paris
,
27th
.
of
the
2d
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
III.
To
Dgnet
Oglou
.
I
Believe
thou
hast
not
forgot
the
Observations
we
us'd
to
make
,
on
the
Religion
of
the
Christians
,
when
we
were
Slaves
together
in
Sicily
.
How
Ridiculous
some
of
their
Practices
appear'd
to
us
,
and
yet
what
a
Sanctity
was
manifest
in
others
?
How
much
we
approved
the
Majesty
of
their
Publick
Worship
,
the
Solemnity
of
their
High-Mass
,
the
Gravity
of
their
Processions
?
And
yet
how
great
was
our
Disgust
,
when
we
consider'd
that
all
these
Honours
were
perform'd
to
Figures
and
Statues
of
Stone
,
Wood
,
Silver
,
Gold
,
or
other
Materials
,
the
Creatures
of
the
Painter
or
Carver
?
We
scann'd
their
Doctrines
also
,
which
we
learn'd
from
their
Priests
and
Books
,
and
descanted
variously
on
them
,
as
they
were
more
or
less
conform
to
the
Truth
,
and
to
the
Volume
brought
down
from
Heaven
.
In
a
Word
,
we
prais'd
the
Good
,
and
censur'd
what
was
Evil
in
their
Faith
and
Manners
,
or
at
least
,
what
we
thought
to
be
so
;
for
herein
we
follow'd
the
Dictates
of
our
Education
.
But
now
in
our
Riper
Years
,
if
we
shou'd
call
over
our
former
Thoughts
,
perhaps
we
shou'd
be
of
a
different
Judgment
,
and
find
Matter
to
condemn
even
in
our
own
past
Censures
:
For
whatever
we
might
then
think
of
the
Nazarenes
;
upon
a
maturer
search
,
I
cannot
find
them
to
be
altogether
such
gross
Idolaters
and
Infidels
,
as
we
and
all
Mussulmans
are
apt
to
believe
.
That
which
gives
me
the
greatest
Scandal
is
,
That
their
Doctors
entertain
some
Unwarrantable
Speculations
about
Three
Subsistences
in
One
Essence
,
and
are
too
venturous
in
their
Thoughts
concerning
the
Eternal
Generation
of
the
WORD
,
and
Emanation
of
the
BREATH
,
by
which
they
say
,
All
Things
were
Created
,
and
are
conserv'd
in
their
Beings
.
They
teach
a
Doctrine
Repugnant
to
the
Alcoran
,
when
they
say
,
That
God
has
a
Companion
Equal
to
Himself
.
As
to
the
Incarnation
of
Jesus
the
Son
of
Mary
,
the
Nazarenes
assert
nothing
but
what
is
suitable
to
the
Alcoran
,
which
teaches
us
,
That
he
is
the
WORD
of
God
.
In
the
History
of
his
Life
,
they
indeed
come
short
of
the
Mussulmans
:
There
being
not
the
least
mention
made
,
in
the
whole
Book
of
the
Gospel
,
of
many
Passages
in
his
Infancy
and
tender
Years
,
wherewith
the
Alcoran
,
with
other
Holy
Books
and
Traditions
of
the
Ancients
,
acquaints
the
True
Believers
.
The
Messenger
of
God
tells
us
,
That
Jesus
spoke
in
his
Cradle
,
resolv'd
Doubts
,
clear'd
up
Mistakes
,
and
preach'd
the
Vnity
of
the
Divine
Essence
.
Other
Writings
also
inform
us
,
That
while
he
was
Young
,
he
formed
the
Figures
of
divers
Birds
and
Beasts
,
of
Clay
and
his
own
Spittle
,
and
having
breath'd
on
them
,
they
became
Living
Creatures
,
and
prostrated
themselves
at
his
Feet
.
They
relate
also
,
That
he
made
a
Pigeon
,
which
flew
up
and
down
through
divers
Regions
,
and
brought
him
News
of
whatever
was
done
in
the
Courts
of
Foreign
Princes
;
and
that
from
the
Day
of
his
Birth
,
to
that
of
his
Translation
,
Twelve
Angels
waited
on
him
,
and
brought
him
down
Food
from
Paradise
.
Of
these
Things
the
Christians
are
ignorant
,
and
of
many
other
Passages
.
So
that
in
the
whole
,
it
is
Evident
,
that
the
Mussulmans
have
a
more
Particular
Relation
of
the
Life
of
Jesus
,
than
the
Christians
themselves
have
,
since
we
recount
those
Miracles
and
other
Actions
of
his
,
whereof
the
Gospel
is
silent
.
But
then
,
on
the
other
Side
,
they
believe
Things
concerning
his
Death
,
whereof
neither
the
Alcoran
,
nor
any
other
of
our
Writings
or
Traditions
make
any
Mention
,
unless
it
be
to
confute
the
Error
of
the
Nazarenes
in
that
Point
.
I
have
heard
the
Arguments
of
their
Learned
Doctors
,
and
comparing
them
with
our
Objections
,
I
know
not
well
what
to
conclude
.
They
insist
much
on
the
Publick
Signs
and
Wonders
,
that
fell
out
at
the
Time
of
the
suppos'd
Crucifixion
of
the
Messiah
;
The
Rending
of
Rocks
,
opening
of
Graves
,
Resurrection
of
many
Dead
,
and
the
Preternatural
Eclipse
of
the
Sua
,
when
the
Moon
was
in
Sight
in
the
other
Part
of
the
Horizon
at
the
same
Moment
:
Which
made
a
great
Philosopher
then
in
Egypt
,
cry
out
,
Either
the
Frame
of
the
World
is
dissolv'd
,
or
the
God
of
Nature
suffers
.
They
tell
a
Story
also
of
a
certain
Ship
,
that
was
on
that
very
Day
sailing
in
the
Archipelago
;
and
that
as
they
pass'd
by
certain
Rocks
,
the
Mariners
heard
a
Voice
calling
,
Thamus
,
Thamus
,
very
often
and
loud
.
Now
there
being
one
of
that
Name
on
Board
the
Vessel
,
he
answer'd
to
his
Name
:
Upon
which
the
Voice
said
,
When
thou
comest
to
the
Island
of
the
Palodes
,
proclaim
it
aloud
,
That
the
Great
Pan
is
Dead
Which
he
did
accordingly
,
and
there
follow'd
a
horrible
howling
and
roaring
from
the
Shore
of
that
Island
.
This
Passage
was
afterwards
made
known
to
the
Senate
of
Rome
,
who
thereupon
,
at
the
Instance
of
some
Noble
Romans
,
sent
to
enquire
in
the
Provinces
,
Whether
any
Remarkable
Person
had
died
on
that
Day
;
and
they
were
inform'd
,
That
the
Jews
had
on
the
same
Day
put
to
Death
Jesus
the
Son
of
Mary
.
And
Tiberius
the
Emperour
,
on
the
Credit
of
this
Passage
,
being
also
inform'd
of
the
Miracles
which
Jesus
wrought
among
the
Jews
,
conceiving
an
immediate
Veneration
for
so
Divine
a
Person
,
caus'd
his
Statue
to
be
set
up
in
the
Capitol
,
and
wou'd
have
had
him
number'd
among
the
Gods
;
but
in
this
he
was
oppos'd
by
the
Senate
,
because
they
had
before
decreed
,
That
no
new
Deities
shou'd
be
added
to
the
Kalendar
.
In
these
Things
I
rely
on
the
Account
which
the
Christians
give
of
the
Death
of
Jesus
,
though
they
bring
Authorities
also
and
Testimonies
of
their
very
Enemies
,
and
inveterate
Persecutors
,
the
Gentiles
;
who
therefore
one
wou'd
think
,
cannot
be
suspected
of
Partiality
.
In
a
word
,
I
know
not
what
to
think
of
these
Things
.
For
,
if
it
be
true
,
that
Jesus
died
on
the
Cross
for
the
Sins
of
the
World
,
as
the
Christians
believe
,
and
that
there
is
no
other
Way
to
be
saved
,
but
by
believing
this
;
then
in
what
a
sad
Condition
are
all
the
Jews
and
Mussulmans
,
the
one
glorying
in
having
murder'd
the
Saviour
of
the
World
,
and
the
Other
not
believing
that
he
was
murder'd
?
The
First
seem
to
merit
most
of
Men
;
since
,
though
the
Act
was
Cruel
in
it self
,
yet
according
to
this
Doctrine
,
it
brought
Salvation
to
all
our
Race
:
And
therefore
there
were
a
sort
of
Christians
,
in
Former
Times
,
who
worshipp'd
the
Serpent
that
tempted
Eve
,
because
according
to
their
Faith
,
that
Temptation
was
the
first
Step
to
Mankind's
Happiness
,
after
Adam's
Fall
;
And
they
plac'd
Judas
(
who
betray'd
Jesus
to
the
Jews
)
among
the
Saints
,
for
having
been
so
particular
an
Instrument
in
the
World's
Redemption
.
If
Jesus
be
the
Saviour
of
Men
,
it
is
absolutely
necessary
to
believe
in
him
.
But
whether
he
be
,
or
be
not
,
the
Faith
of
the
Christians
in
that
Point
cannot
hurt
them
,
since
our
Holy
Prophet
himself
has
taught
us
,
That
Christians
shall
be
sav'd
,
as
well
as
the
Mussulmans
:
Whereas
the
Christians
say
,
it
is
impossible
for
any
to
be
saved
,
who
follow
the
Law
of
Mahomet
.
So
that
they
have
our
own
Grant
for
their
Salvation
,
which
they
deny
to
us
.
This
is
a
great
Advantage
on
their
Side
,
in
the
Controversy
betwixt
us
.
For
my
Part
,
I
tell
thee
ingenuously
,
were
I
convinc'd
that
Jesus
was
the
Son
of
God
,
and
that
he
suffer'd
Death
for
the
Sake
of
Men
I
cou'd
readily
embrace
most
of
the
other
Tenets
of
Christianity
without
Scruple
.
I
shou'd
not
be
frighted
at
their
Invocation
of
Saints
,
since
't
is
the
same
as
we
our selves
practise
;
nor
wou'd
their
Images
and
Pictures
startle
my
Faith
;
I
shou'd
look
upon
these
and
a
Thousand
more
,
as
things
indifferent
in
themselves
,
and
onely
made
Lawful
or
Unlawful
,
by
the
Sanction
of
Divine
Authority
.
I
shou'd
be
most
puzzl'd
to
know
what
Church
to
fix
in
,
among
so
many
,
all
pretending
to
the
Right
Way
.
I
have
examin'd
their
Different
Opinions
,
and
find
Reason
or
something
very
like
it
,
on
all
Sides
.
I
admire
the
Abstinence
of
the
Greeks
,
Armenians
,
and
generally
of
all
the
Eastern
Christians
;
yet
their
Ignorance
distastes
me
.
I
honour
the
Learning
and
Politeness
of
the
Roman
Church
,
and
cou'd
almost
vail
to
their
Pretensions
of
Antiquity
,
Vniversality
,
and
Incorrupt
Doctrine
;
but
I
am
highly
scandalized
at
their
Licentiousness
,
Pride
,
and
Cruetly
.
There
is
much
to
be
argu'd
for
the
Cophti's
,
Abyssines
,
Melchites
,
the
Christians
of
St.
John
,
and
other
Churches
;
but
more
to
be
said
against
them
.
In
fine
,
if
I
were
to
turn
Christian
,
I
shou'd
be
in
a
Wilderness
,
not
knowing
which
Path
to
take
,
for
Fear
of
missing
the
Right
.
In
the
State
therefore
wherein
I
am
,
I
will
think
Honourably
of
Jesus
,
as
also
of
Mary
his
Mother
,
who
at
her
daily
Return
from
the
Temple
,
found
a
Thousand
Sorts
of
Flowers
in
her
Oratory
.
I
will
not
speak
Evil
of
any
Person
that
has
the
Character
of
a
Saint
;
but
in
general
will
desire
the
Intercession
of
all
that
are
near
to
God
:
'T
is
ten
to
one
,
if
some
of
them
do
not
vouchsafe
to
pray
for
me
.
But
whether
they
do
,
or
not
,
God
hears
me
,
and
observes
my
Devotion
;
and
if
he
please
,
my
Petitions
shall
be
granted
.
As
for
the
Rest
,
I
will
endeavour
,
in
all
Things
,
to
do
as
I
would
be
done
to
,
keeping
my
Conscience
free
from
Stain
,
that
so
I
may
die
in
Peace
;
and
what
becomes
of
me
afterwards
,
't
is
in
vain
to
be
sollicitous
,
since
the
Decrees
of
Fate
are
Irreversible
.
Tell
me
now
,
my
Friend
,
whether
these
Thoughts
and
Resolves
be
not
more
agreeable
to
Humanity
,
than
to
be
a
Furious
Bigot
for
I
know
not
what
?
Is
that
a
commendable
Zeal
for
Religion
,
which
under
Pretence
of
defending
the
Truth
,
sticks
not
to
assert
a
Thousand
Lyes
?
Or
that
a
laudable
Charity
for
Souls
,
which
in
Order
to
their
Salvation
,
takes
infinite
Pains
to
set
the
World
together
by
the
Ears
,
and
embroil
Mankind
in
perpetual
Wars
?
What
else
do
those
Disturbers
of
Humane
Race
,
who
not
content
with
the
Limits
which
the
Fortune
of
their
Birth
has
set
them
,
invade
the
Peaceable
Possessions
of
their
Neighbours
,
commit
all
Sorts
of
Violences
,
Rapines
,
and
Outrages
;
and
all
this
under
Pretext
of
Reforming
the
Manners
of
Men
,
introducing
Purity
of
Religion
,
and
fulfilling
the
Will
of
Heaven
?
As
if
it
were
a
Mark
of
a
Divine
Commission
,
to
be
barbarously
Unjust
,
Perfidious
and
Salvage
;
and
that
the
Height
of
Piety
,
consisted
in
shedding
Humane
Blood
!
For
my
Part
,
I
cannot
approve
of
these
Practices
,
and
therefore
think
it
safer
to
stand
aloof
from
all
Religions
thus
Cruelly
establish'd
,
than
by
entring
into
their
Inhumane
Secrets
,
and
swearing
to
their
Sanguine
Articles
,
incorporate
my self
with
profess'd
Murderers
,
under
the
Notion
of
being
a
Good
Man
.
Happy
are
those
Innocent
Nations
in
the
East
,
who
from
their
First
Progenitors
,
have
kept
Inviolate
the
Law
of
Nature
:
Who
never
have
defiled
themselves
with
the
Blood
of
Men
or
Beasts
;
but
every
one
contenting
himself
with
his
Native
Home-stall
,
and
the
Fruits
of
his
own
Land
,
makes
no
Encroachments
on
those
that
dwell
near
him
,
nor
butchers
the
Harmless
Animals
,
to
gratify
his
Ill-nurtur'd
Appetite
.
These
sit
under
the
Shade
of
their
own
Trees
,
and
bathe
themselves
in
the
adjoining
Streams
:
They
go
in
Peace
to
the
Houses
of
their
Rural-Gods
,
and
present
'em
with
Flowers
,
Rice
,
Fruits
and
such
as
the
Ground
brings
forth
:
They
never
dream
of
Foreign
Conquests
,
nor
are
troubled
with
Domestick
Broils
,
but
lead
their
Lives
in
a
perpetual
Tranquility
,
and
Innocence
.
All
that
they
desire
of
Heaven
,
is
the
Continuance
of
those
harmless
Delights
they
at
present
enjoy
.
As
for
the
tumultuary
Pleasures
of
other
Mortals
,
they
have
'em
in
Contempt
.
This
is
an
Umbrage
of
the
Felicity
we
are
promis'd
in
Paradise
,
where
the
Sound
of
the
Drum
and
the
Trumpet
shall
not
be
heard
,
and
the
Instruments
of
War
shall
be
of
no
Use
.
If
thou
chargest
me
with
Inconstancy
in
my
Opinions
,
I
neither
deny
it
nor
am
asham'd
:
It
being
better
to
change
ones
Thoughts
every
Day
,
than
to
be
fix'd
in
Error
all
ones
Life
.
This
to
a
Friend
.
Paris
,
18th
.
of
the
3rd
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
IV.
To
Afis
,
Bassa
.
THE
Warriours
and
Mechanicks
,
Statesmen
and
Fidlers
,
Courtiers
and
Husbandmen
,
Students
and
Chimney-Sweepers
,
are
all
taken
up
in
discoursing
of
the
mighty
Preparations
,
the
Grand
Signior
is
making
to
besiege
Candia
.
They
talk
of
Fifteen
Thousand
Pioneers
,
who
are
at
work
in
Order
to
this
grand
Undertaking
;
and
that
the
City
is
block'd
up
by
an
Army
of
Sixty
Thousand
Men
;
That
they
have
been
raising
Batteries
round
about
it
ever
since
the
Moon
of
December
;
and
that
the
Sultan
is
resolv'd
to
win
this
Important
Place
,
though
he
hazard
half
the
Ottoman
Empire
.
This
is
refreshing
News
to
Mahmut
,
who
has
heard
Nothing
but
Improsperous
Stories
of
the
Mussulman
Arms
these
many
Years
.
Now
I
begin
to
lift
up
my
Head
,
and
take
Courage
,
when
the
Empire
of
True
Believers
makes
some
Noise
and
Figure
in
the
World
:
Whereas
,
my
heart
perpetually
droop'd
before
.
I
was
like
one
among
the
Dead
.
It
was
but
last
Year
,
when
the
Nazarenes
cou'd
boast
,
that
notwithstanding
all
the
Menaces
and
Preparations
of
the
Grand
Signior
,
yet
the
Venetians
were
the
First
in
Field
by
Land
,
and
appear'd
Earliest
with
their
Fleet
at
Sea
,
doing
wonderful
Things
in
Dalmatia
,
and
blocking
up
Canea
in
the
Isle
of
Candy
:
Now
,
't
is
to
be
hop'd
,
they
'll
change
their
Note
,
and
begin
to
consider
what
a
Formidable
Force
they
have
provok'd
against
them
,
even
the
Puissance
of
all
Asia
,
Men
of
War
from
their
Nativities
,
an
Army
of
select
and
chosen
Souldiers
,
Undaunted
Hero's
,
Sons
of
Thunder
,
Magnanimous
,
Invincible
,
and
destin'd
to
vanquish
the
Vncircumcised
Nations
.
My
Heart
is
reviv'd
within
me
,
at
the
Contemplation
of
sure
and
certain
Victories
,
attending
this
glorious
Expedition
.
My
Spirits
are
dilated
with
Joy
;
I
celebrate
a
Dunalma
in
my
Breast
.
I
am
like
an
Arabian
Horse
,
that
foams
,
curvetts
,
and
paws
the
Ground
in
Fierceness
,
when
he
hears
the
Sound
of
the
Trumpet
warning
to
Battel
.
His
Eyes
sparkle
with
Martial
Fury
,
a
Smoak
goes
out
of
his
Nostrils
,
he
lifts
up
the
Voice
of
his
Courage
,
his
Rider
can
hardly
restrain
him
.
So
am
I
all
in
Transport
at
these
good
Tidings
:
I
can
hardly
contain
my self
within
the
Compass
of
Moderation
.
As
Old
as
I
am
,
I
feel
a
Youthful
Vigour
stirring
in
my
Veins
.
Methinks
,
I
long
to
be
in
the
Heat
of
the
Sacred
Combat
,
in
the
thickest
Clouds
of
Gunpowder-Smoak
,
to
stand
the
Shock
of
Showers
of
Bullets
,
or
with
my
Scymeter
in
hand
to
hew
my
Way
to
Immortal
Honour
and
Felicity
:
For
,
those
who
die
in
this
Cause
,
go
streight
to
Paradise
.
But
,
I
must
be
contented
with
this
tame
,
humble
Post
,
and
serve
the
Grand
Signior
in
the
Manner
prescrib'd
by
my
Superiours
.
I
tell
thee
,
't
is
no
small
Mortification
for
an
Active
Spirit
,
to
be
thus
confin'd
.
But
,
Resignation
becomes
every
good
Mussulman
;
and
I
willingly
Sacrifice
my
Passions
,
to
the
Pleasure
of
the
Grandees
of
the
Port
,
and
the
Interest
of
the
Ottoman
Empire
.
Here
I
sit
,
like
a
Fox
in
his
Den
,
watching
the
Motions
of
the
Infidels
:
If
any
thing
occurrs
worthy
of
Notice
,
out
I
bolt
upon
it
,
and
make
it
my
Prey
,
and
send
it
as
a
Present
to
the
August
Ministers
.
I
write
to
all
by
Turns
,
and
therefore
none
has
Reason
to
take
Exceptions
.
If
thou
wou'dst
know
what
they
are
doing
here
in
the
Court
of
France
;
They
are
mustering
the
King
's
Troops
;
they
are
revelling
and
feasting
at
Versailles
,
the
King
's
new
Palace
,
where
the
Princes
excercise
themselves
with
the
Noble
Discipline
,
which
they
call
,
Running
in
Squadrons
.
Whilst
Thousands
of
People
flock
daily
to
Versailles
,
from
Paris
and
all
the
Adjacent
Countries
round
about
,
partly
to
be
Spectators
of
these
Royal
Paftimes
,
and
partly
to
behold
that
Gorgeous
Fabrick
,
which
is
esteem'd
the
Fairest
and
most
Magnificent
in
the
World
.
Serene
Bassa
,
this
Monarch
has
a
vast
Genius
:
Whatsoever
he
undertakes
,
he
accomplishes
;
and
all
his
Performances
are
surprizingly
Great
.
He
has
a
deep
Forecast
,
and
seldom
fails
in
his
Judgment
of
what
will
probably
come
to
pass
.
He
is
happily
made
,
born
,
and
brought
up
.
A
Prince
,
one
wou'd
think
,
design'd
by
Fate
for
the
Empire
of
the
West
.
Renowned
Afis
,
I
kiss
the
Hem
of
thy
Illustrious
Robe
,
and
with
a
profound
Obeisance
bid
thee
Adieu
.
Paris
,
the
20th
.
of
the
4th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
V.
To
Hasnadar
Bassi
,
Chief
Treasurer
to
the
Sultan
.
I
AM
convinc'd
,
't
is
now
Time
for
me
to
be
resolute
,
bold
and
assur'd
in
my
own
Conduct
:
For
't
is
in
vain
to
ask
Counsel
of
the
Sublime
Ministers
.
I
have
address'd
my self
at
certain
Seasons
to
them
on
that
Account
,
ever
since
I
came
first
to
Paris
:
But
not
one
of
them
has
vouchsaf'd
me
an
Answer
,
or
given
me
any
particular
Instructions
how
to
deport
my self
in
an
Emergent
Peril
of
Discovery
:
Whether
I
shou'd
own
my self
an
Agent
for
the
Grand
Signior
,
or
deny
it
:
Whether
I
should
boldly
stand
the
Brunt
of
all
Events
,
or
fly
to
Artifices
and
Evasions
:
Whether
I
shou'd
persist
in
acting
the
Moldavian
,
and
continue
to
personate
a
Christian
Student
,
an
Ecclesiastick
Candidate
under
the
feign'd
Name
of
Titus
;
or
frankly
tell
them
,
I
'm
a
Mussulman
,
an
Arab
,
and
secret
Slave
of
the
Sultan
.
I
ought
to
have
been
certify'd
in
these
Cases
;
and
not
left
at
Random
to
guess
,
at
this
vast
Distance
,
the
Pleasure
of
my
Superiours
.
But
since
it
is
their
Will
thus
to
make
Tryal
of
my
Fidelity
,
Prudence
and
Skill
,
in
warding
off
the
Assaults
of
Common
Chance
,
Misfortune
,
and
the
Attempts
of
sly
designing
Men
;
I
'll
be
as
cunning
as
I
can
,
without
embarassing
my
Peace
with
constant
Panick
Fears
and
Apprehensions
of
I
know
not
what
.
No
vain
Endeavours
to
avoid
the
fix'd
Decrees
of
Fate
,
shall
make
me
change
my
Lodging
,
or
fly
from
every
menacing
Contingency
.
I
'll
rather
trust
to
Providence
and
present
Courage
,
the
Justice
of
my
Cause
and
Native
Innocence
,
leaving
the
Event
to
Destiny
.
By
what
I
have
said
,
thou
wilt
perceive
I
am
in
some
Trouble
;
and
I
can
assure
thee
,
thou
art
not
mistaken
.
I
'm
hatter'd
,
hunted
up
and
down
,
and
persecuted
worse
than
the
Foxes
,
Hares
and
Hinds
near
Adrianople
.
I
'm
an
Old
Man
,
and
yet
they
envy
me
the
Happiness
of
a
Natural
Death
;
they
would
not
have
me
go
down
to
the
Grave
in
Peace
.
I
have
been
imprison'd
,
threatned
,
dogg'd
up
and
down
the
Streets
,
assassinated
in
the
Dark
,
had
my
Chamber
search'd
,
my
Letters
in
Danger
of
being
seiz'd
,
with
those
of
the
Supreme
Ministers
.
I
have
run
the
Risque
of
a
Discovery
,
by
meeting
causually
an
Infidel
,
whose
Slave
I
once
was
at
Palermo
in
Sicily
.
I
have
been
undermin'd
by
Mussulmans
as
well
as
Nazarenes
;
by
Strangers
,
and
by
Solyman
my
Cousin
.
Yet
in
all
these
Perils
I
have
acquitted
my self
Faithfully
,
come
off
with
Success
,
and
saved
the
Honour
of
my
Sovereign
;
which
is
the
only
Thing
for
which
I
am
sollicitous
.
But
for
ought
I
know
,
my
Care
may
prove
in
Vain
,
and
the
Evils
which
I
have
so
long
fortunately
escap'd
,
may
now
surprize
and
ruine
me
.
As
to
my self
I
care
not
what
becomes
of
me
;
and
if
the
Secrets
of
my
Commission
be
reveal'd
,
let
the
Ministers
of
the
Port
answer
for
that
,
who
wou'd
never
give
me
the
least
Direction
.
About
Two
or
Three
Years
ago
,
I
was
forc'd
to
remove
from
my
Old
Lodgings
,
where
I
had
resided
ever
since
my
First
coming
to
Paris
.
The
Dangers
that
then
assaulted
me
,
drove
me
to
this
House
where
I
still
am
,
in
a
very
obscure
Place
,
by
the
Wall
of
the
City
.
Yet
even
hither
am
I
pursu'd
by
watchful
Enemies
:
New
Hazards
threaten
me
on
all
Hands
.
But
I
'm
resolv'd
to
fly
no
more
,
unless
it
be
into
the
City-Ditch
,
where
I
can
find
Admittance
through
my
Landlord's
Cellar
.
There
is
a
private
Passage
,
dug
perhaps
in
Elder
Times
,
during
some
Siege
,
to
serve
the
streight
Necessities
of
those
who
then
posses'd
this
House
.
It
is
so
cunningly
contriv'd
,
that
Human
Wit
can
ne'er
discover
it
,
unless
by
Chance
,
or
by
Direction
of
those
that
know
it
.
The
Ditch
is
dry
,
the
Door
of
the
House
always
lock'd
;
and
my
Trusty
Host
swears
,
no
body
shall
come
in
by
Day
or
Night
,
till
I
have
made
a
safe
Retreat
.
So
that
if
all
the
Officers
in
Paris
shou'd
come
to
search
,
I
shou'd
have
Time
to
pack
up
my
Papers
,
and
slink
away
into
my
lurking
Hole
.
And
if
they
shou'd
by
monstrous
Accident
find
the
conceal'd
Avenue
,
I
cou'd
soon
slip
into
the
Fields
,
through
the
Last
Postern
in
the
Wall
,
and
lock
them
in
beyond
the
possibility
of
Pursuit
:
Whilst
I
took
Care
to
hide
my self
afresh
,
or
leave
the
Country
.
This
is
my
Final
Resolution
,
if
e'er
I
'm
put
to
an
Extremity
again
.
In
the
mean
Time
,
I
desire
thee
to
make
it
part
of
thy
Care
,
that
Mahmut
shall
not
want
for
Money
to
carry
on
the
Sultan's
Private
Affairs
without
a
Baulk
.
I
do
not
demand
Unreasonable
Things
:
Let
me
but
live
,
and
have
enough
to
defray
the
Necessary
Expences
of
my
Service
,
and
that
's
all
I
crave
.
But
let
my
Supplies
be
well
tim'd
and
proportion'd
,
that
I
may
husband
my
Pension
to
the
best
Advantage
:
Or
else
I
must
always
press
,
and
that
's
a
Thing
I
hate
.
I
have
writ
to
all
the
Treasurers
that
went
before
thee
on
the
same
Account
,
and
with
Equal
Boldness
.
Therefore
take
not
in
ill
Part
what
comes
from
Blunt
Sincerity
,
and
Constant
,
Full
Desires
to
serve
effectually
the
Grand
Signior
.
It
will
be
very
easie
for
thee
to
anticipate
Mahmut's
Expectations
,
without
exceeding
the
Orders
thou
hast
receiv'd
.
Money
be
damn'd
,
if
we
cou'd
breathe
and
serve
our
Friends
,
and
carry
on
the
Affairs
of
Human
Life
without
it
.
I
am
an
Arab
,
and
cou'd
as
freely
pass
away
my
Time
in
harmless
Rambles
o'er
the
Provinces
of
Asia
;
as
thus
to
be
confin'd
to
Narrow
Fretting
Circumstances
,
the
only
Effects
of
too
Unshaken
,
Unregarded
and
Incorruptible
Loyalty
.
Wealthy
Dispenser
of
the
Ottoman
Gold
,
I
ask
no
Alms
,
but
my
appointed
Salary
.
In
sending
of
which
,
I
desire
thee
to
remember
the
Old
Roman
Proverb
,
which
says
,
That
he
gives
Twice
,
who
gives
in
Season
.
Paris
,
9th
.
of
the
6th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
VI.
To
Nathan
Ben
Saddi
,
a
Jew
at
Vienna
.
I
Know
not
whether
I
shall
live
to
hear
from
thee
again
,
or
to
send
thee
another
Letter
.
Age
,
Sickness
,
Misfortune
,
together
with
the
Malice
of
Men
,
have
laid
a
Thousand
Snares
for
my
Life
;
I
am
,
as
it
were
,
hunted
by
Nature
,
Providence
,
Destiny
,
and
Chance
,
into
the
very
Toils
of
Death
;
From
whence
it
will
be
very
difficult
for
me
to
escape
.
Not
to
amuse
thee
,
I
am
in
danger
of
being
discover'd
,
seiz'd
,
imprison'd
;
and
then
thou
know'st
,
I
can
expect
no
less
than
to
be
put
to
the
Torture
,
and
rack'd
with
a
Thousand
Inventions
of
Cruelty
,
That
so
they
may
force
me
to
confess
,
what
I
am
,
and
what
my
Business
is
in
this
Kingdom
and
City
,
where
I
have
resided
so
many
Years
.
I
was
suspected
by
Cardinal
Richlieu
,
for
a
Moselman
,
as
I
have
Reason
to
believe
from
several
convincing
Circumstances
of
that
Minister's
Carriage
to
me
,
ever
since
his
first
Acquaintance
with
me
at
Paris
.
And
the
same
jealousie
caus'd
his
Successor
,
Cardinal
Mazarini
,
to
put
me
into
the
Bastile
,
where
I
was
closely
confin'd
,
for
the
Space
of
Six
Moons
.
And
I
might
have
lain
there
till
this
Time
,
for
ought
I
know
,
had
it
not
been
for
the
good
Conduct
and
honest
Fidelity
of
Eliachim
.
In
fine
,
though
I
have
hitherto
escap'd
Discovery
,
yet
I
cannot
flatter
my self
,
that
I
shall
always
do
so
.
If
they
once
lay
Hold
on
me
again
,
they
will
certainly
search
me
for
the
Scar
of
Circumcision
;
and
then
,
all
the
Arguments
the
Wit
of
Man
can
find
,
will
not
be
of
Force
,
to
blind
them
any
longer
,
or
save
me
from
the
Vengeance
of
the
State
.
They
will
certainly
put
me
to
a
Cruel
Death
.
However
,
I
'll
baffle
'em
if
I
can
,
and
if
I
once
escape
,
I
'll
bid
Adieu
to
Paris
,
if
not
to
the
whole
Kingdom
:
Being
resolv'd
not
to
trust
any
more
to
the
deceitful
Security
of
new
Lodgings
in
this
City
,
and
a
vain
Removal
from
one
Precinct
and
House
to
another
:
For
,
the
very
Air
of
Paris
,
is
fatal
to
me
.
I
am
never
free
from
Terror
,
whilst
within
these
Melancholy
Walls
.
The
Genius
of
the
Place
,
is
at
Enmity
with
Mine
.
Every
Thing
I
cast
my
Eyes
on
,
seems
to
low'r
and
frown
upon
me
;
I
start
at
the
Voices
of
Men
,
going
along
the
Streets
,
and
discoursing
about
their
own
Affairs
:
And
if
any
one
knocks
at
the
Door
,
I
'm
presently
upon
my
Guard
,
my
anxious
Soul
still
labouring
with
sad
Presages
of
some
Calamity
at
Hand
,
ready
to
rush
upon
me
unawares
.
Perhaps
,
I
may
go
to
Lyons
,
where
a
Stranger
may
live
an
Age
conceal'd
,
and
void
of
Peril
,
as
in
this
City
.
Or
,
I
may
take
a
farther
Journey
to
Marseilles
,
Toulon
,
or
any
other
Sea-Port
Town
.
Where
I
will
expect
new
Orders
from
my
Superiors
.
In
the
mean
Time
,
thou
mayst
continue
to
address
thy
Letters
as
before
:
For
that
Course
can
never
fail
,
let
me
be
where
it
pleases
Heaven
.
Eliachim
will
take
Care
of
all
Things
.
I
writ
to
the
Hasnadar-Bassi
on
the
same
Account
,
desiring
fresh
Supplies
of
Money
:
Which
I
suppose
will
come
by
the
Way
of
Vienna
.
If
so
,
I
trust
to
thy
Prudence
,
in
ordering
my
Bills
with
Speed
,
and
the
usual
Cautiousness
.
Nathan
,
Adieu
:
And
whate'er
becomes
of
me
,
live
thou
long
and
happily
to
serve
the
Grand
Signior
.
Paris
,
the
9th
.
of
the
16th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
VII
.
To
the
Venerable
Mufti
.
AS
the
poor
injur'd
Labourer
,
or
Slave
oppress'd
by
Cruel
and
Obdurate
Masters
;
as
the
Despairing
Client
,
who
can
find
no
Justice
from
the
Cheicks
,
Cadi's
,
or
Cadilesquers
;
fly
immediately
to
the
Seraill
'
,
to
make
their
last
Appeal
,
and
seek
Redress
from
the
Great
Arbiter
of
Humane
Feuds
:
So
falls
poor
Mahmut
prostrate
at
thy
Feet
,
O
Sacred
Oracle
of
Mussulmans
;
begging
from
thy
Authority
,
whom
no
Believer
dares
to
disobey
,
what
I
cou'd
never
yet
obtain
from
any
Minister
of
State
,
or
Bassa
of
the
Bench
:
That
is
,
how
I
must
act
in
Case
I
am
discovered
,
or
barely
suspected
,
examin'd
,
and
put
to
my
Oath
,
concerning
my
Business
at
Paris
?
Lay
thy
speedy
Commands
on
those
whose
Care
it
ought
to
be
,
that
no
Intelligence
,
Advice
or
Counsel
be
wanting
to
me
,
the
Faithful
Agent
of
the
Port
,
residing
here
Incognito
,
a
Spy
upon
the
Infidels
.
Or
,
at
least
,
vouchsafe
to
send
me
thy
Instructions
,
Rules
infallible
,
Orders
of
perfect
Wisdom
,
and
Divine
Sagacity
.
I
cannot
for
the
future
stand
the
Brunt
of
long
suspected
Casualties
;
Events
which
glimmer
from
afar
,
like
distant
Ignes
Fatui
,
or
other
Vagrant
Meteors
of
the
Night
:
For
,
so
Contingencies
appear
,
which
are
to
come
,
uncertain
,
and
remote
;
tho'
sometimes
near
at
Hand
;
yet
with
deceitful
shew
,
they
still
mislead
bewilder'd
Mortals
in
the
Dark
.
So
,
the
tyr'd
Traveller
in
Libyan
Wastes
,
is
tantaliz'd
by
mocking
Rays
of
Sands
,
in
drifted
Heaps
,
or
flying
Bodies
,
loosely
wafted
by
the
Winds
;
on
which
the
Moon
and
Stars
casting
their
Beams
,
create
Refractions
like
Domestick
Lamps
or
Tapers
;
and
encourage
the
disconsolate
Man
to
hope
for
neighbouring
Villages
or
Towns
,
where
he
may
rest
his
weary
Limbs
,
and
find
an
Hospitable
Entertainment
;
secure
from
Dragons
,
Lyons
,
Tygers
,
or
the
more
Fierce
and
Cruel
Race
of
Men
,
who
lurk
in
secret
Places
of
the
affrighting
Desart
,
to
rob
unwary
Strangers
,
as
they
pass
.
'T
is
sad
,
most
Holy
Patriarch
of
the
Faithful
,
That
Men
are
thus
degenerate
,
and
transcend
the
Horrid
Nature
of
the
Wildest
Beasts
!
But
,
sadder
still
,
That
Cities
,
first
design'd
for
Sanctuaries
of
the
Distress'd
,
shou'd
become
worse
than
Desarts
,
and
more
Inhospitable
than
the
Purlieu
of
Dragons
,
or
the
dreadful
Haunts
of
Lynxes
,
Crocodiles
,
and
other
Animals
of
Prey
:
That
Men
pretending
to
be
Civiliz'd
,
to
live
in
Community
,
and
Reciprocal
Participation
of
all
Good
Offices
;
Incorporated
by
the
same
Laws
,
for
no
other
End
,
but
to
help
,
assist
and
defend
one
another
,
against
all
foreign
Enemies
;
shou'd
,
instead
of
this
,
prove
more
Barbarous
than
Salvages
,
and
more
Voracious
than
Cannibals
,
whilst
every
Citizen
preys
on
his
Neighbour
,
and
devours
him
,
whom
he
has
sworn
to
protect
.
They
all
live
by
Robbery
and
Spoil
.
The
Rich
and
Potent
,
fleece
those
whose
Wealth
is
not
sufficient
to
defend
them
from
Oppression
.
Thus
are
Towns
and
Cities
,
from
celebrated
Refuges
of
Men
,
become
the
Dens
of
Thieves
,
and
Cruel
Murderers
.
The
whole
Earth
is
stain'd
with
the
Blood
of
the
Poor
:
The
Cries
of
Widows
and
Orphans
pierce
the
Heavens
:
The
Generations
of
Men
are
corrupted
with
Fraud
,
Avarice
,
Persidy
,
Ambition
,
Envy
,
and
a
Thousand
other
Vices
.
Brother
cannot
trust
the
Son
of
his
own
Mother
.
Fathers
are
Unnatural
to
their
Genuine
Off-spring
.
Children
think
the
Days
tedious
which
prolong
their
Parents
Lives
.
Self-Love
teaches
a
Man
to
betray
his
beloved
Friend
,
for
whom
he
rather
ought
to
lose
his
Life
.
An
Universal
Defection
from
Justice
,
and
sound
Morality
,
reigns
every
where
.
But
,
what
is
most
surprizing
,
is
,
That
even
among
those
who
bear
the
Glorious
Title
and
Character
of
the
True
Faithful
Mussulmans
,
there
shou'd
be
found
a
Crew
of
Miscreants
,
Villains
,
and
Traytors
to
God
,
his
Prophet
and
their
Sovereign
.
I
speak
not
of
such
,
whose
Genial
Inclinations
tempt
them
to
commit
vulgar
Sins
,
which
injure
no
Man
but
themselves
.
I
tax
not
Drunkards
,
Gamesters
,
and
those
Amorous
Persons
,
who
waste
their
Bodies
,
Time
,
Estates
,
and
sacrifice
their
Reputation
to
Voluptuousness
.
These
are
but
Venial
Sins
,
and
soon
wash'd
off
,
by
the
appointed
Purifications
,
and
Penances
.
A
little
Water
,
Dust
,
or
Sand
,
with
Fasting
and
devout
Invocation
of
the
Eternal
Allah
,
cancels
these
Peccadillo's
;
they
are
all
put
to
the
Account
of
Human
Frailty
:
Such
is
the
Pleasure
of
Eternal
Goodness
.
But
I
accuse
the
blacker
Crimes
of
those
,
whom
fretting
Envy
stimulates
to
persecute
their
harmless
Neighbour
;
or
base
Ingratitude
prompts
to
betray
their
Friends
;
or
Native
Malice
teaches
to
seek
out
all
Occasions
of
doing
Mischief
in
the
World
.
A
Busy
,
Restless
sort
of
Men
,
buzzing
about
like
Wasps
or
Hornets
,
stinging
every
one
they
fasten
on
.
Or
,
like
the
Pune's
of
Paris
,
a
troublesome
Kind
of
Insects
,
which
interrupt
the
sweet
Repose
of
Men
,
creeping
upon
them
in
their
Beds
and
slumbers
,
and
slyly
biting
them
,
to
suck
their
Blood
.
Such
are
the
Men
of
whom
I
now
complain
;
who
hatter
me
from
Stratagem
to
Stratagem
,
from
one
Retrenchment
to
another
:
Whose
Crime
is
double
,
in
that
they
are
Persons
of
my
own
Religion
;
Professors
of
the
Genuine
Faith
,
brought
down
from
Heaven
;
Followers
of
the
Prophet
,
who
cou'd
neither
write
nor
read
;
and
Subjects
to
the
Grand
Signior
.
'T
is
a
long
Time
,
since
I
had
first
Occasion
to
accuse
some
at
the
Seraglio
,
of
private
,
sly
Attempts
,
to
undermine
and
ruine
me
,
that
they
might
gain
my
Post
.
'T
will
seem
Invidious
,
even
in
my
own
Defence
,
after
so
many
Addresses
to
the
Ministers
of
the
Port
,
now
to
repeat
their
Names
;
and
discompose
thy
Sacred
Thoughts
with
Black
Memoirs
of
Human
Malice
.
'T
is
not
Revenge
I
seek
,
but
for
the
future
,
how
to
escape
,
if
not
prevent
,
the
like
Conspiracies
.
Nor
,
is
it
for
my self
alone
,
I
cherish
this
Unusual
Zeal
and
Care
;
but
for
my
Master's
Interest
and
Honour
.
I
've
serv'd
near
Thirty
Years
in
this
Precarious
Station
,
and
never
made
the
least
false
Step
;
or
,
if
I
have
,
't
was
not
discern'd
;
which
is
the
same
Thing
in
Effect
.
And
,
I
'm
very
unwilling
to
miscarry
at
last
,
through
the
Treachery
of
my
pretended
Friends
at
Constantinople
,
or
for
want
of
full
Instructions
from
the
Imperial
Divan
.
'T
is
for
this
Reason
,
I
presume
to
address
to
the
Dust
of
thy
Feet
,
Supreme
Judge
of
the
Faithful
,
begging
the
Interposition
of
thy
Paternal
Authority
,
on
my
Behalf
.
There
is
one
Thing
more
,
which
in
all
Humility
I
recommend
to
thy
Wisdom
and
Sanctity
.
I
have
often
writ
to
thy
Predecessor
on
the
same
Account
,
beseeching
him
to
promote
the
Translation
of
Histories
and
other
Learned
Books
out
of
Foreign
Languages
into
Turkish
or
Arabick
:
That
so
Knowledge
might
flourish
among
the
Mussulmans
,
and
the
Infidels
might
have
no
more
Ground
to
call
us
Barbarous
.
Let
Men
skillful
in
Languages
and
Sciences
be
sought
for
.
There
are
not
wanting
such
at
Constantinople
,
and
in
other
Parts
of
the
Empire
.
Let
them
be
employ'd
in
compiling
an
Vniversal
History
of
the
World
,
in
Turkish
;
more
ample
,
true
,
and
correct
than
any
that
has
gone
before
it
in
Greek
,
Latin
,
or
any
other
Language
.
This
will
bring
Eternal
Honour
to
the
Ottoman
Empire
;
and
prove
no
hard
Task
to
them
that
shall
undertake
it
;
since
it
will
be
onely
a
Choice
Collection
out
of
other
Authors
;
a
Garland
of
Flowers
cull'd
from
the
various
Fields
of
History
,
and
compos'd
together
with
an
Order
full
of
Lustre
and
Beauty
,
the
whole
Work
being
interwoven
with
a
Chain
of
Chronological
Years
;
which
will
not
onely
give
it
a
Singular
Grace
,
but
also
be
of
great
Advantage
to
the
Mussulman
Readers
.
Successor
of
the
Apostles
,
remember
,
That
tho'
our
Holy
Lawgiver
cou'd
neither
write
nor
read
,
yet
the
succeeding
Caliphs
encouraged
Learning
.
Benediction
on
the
Souls
of
them
and
their
Posterity
.
So
will
future
Ages
bless
thy
Memory
,
if
thou
vouchsafest
to
encourage
this
Glorious
Work
.
And
Ithuriel
,
the
Angel
of
Science
,
will
make
thee
his
Associate
in
Paradise
.
With
profound
Submissions
I
retire
from
thy
Sacred
Presence
,
begging
thy
Absolution
,
and
Blessing
.
Paris
,
9th
.
of
the
6th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
VIII
.
To
Cara
Hali
,
Physician
to
the
Grand
Signior
.
AMongst
other
Dispatches
,
I
cou'd
not
forget
what
I
owe
to
the
long
continued
Friendship
which
has
been
between
us
.
Having
Leisure
therefore
before
the
Post
goes
,
I
will
inform
thee
of
a
Birth
,
which
has
occasion'd
little
Joy
to
the
Parents
,
but
much
Admiration
among
all
that
hear
of
it
,
and
rais'd
learned
Disputes
between
the
Professors
of
Physick
and
Surgery
.
In
the
Town
of
Weerted
near
Ardenburgh
in
the
Low
Countries
,
a
Woman
was
lately
deliver'd
of
a
Monstrous
Child
with
Two
Heads
,
Two
Necks
,
Four
Arms
,
and
proportionably
all
Parts
both
outward
and
inward
double
to
the
Navil
,
which
seem'd
to
be
the
Center
of
Union
between
the
Two
Bodies
:
For
from
thence
downwards
,
there
appeared
only
the
Proportion
and
Shape
of
One
Body
,
with
Two
Thighs
,
Legs
and
Feet
.
The
Faces
were
different
;
One
Squalid
and
Irregular
,
without
a
Nose
or
Mouth
,
except
a
Kind
of
Orifice
under
the
Chin
;
For
the
Eyes
possess'd
the
Place
of
the
Mouth
,
and
a
perfect
Masculine
Genital
took
up
the
Room
of
the
Nose
:
The
other
was
fair
and
made
with
Symetry
,
having
nothing
extraordinary
,
saving
Two
Teeth
grown
out
of
the
Gums
.
This
Irregular
Production
has
been
curiously
dissected
by
a
Famous
Anatomist
,
who
found
Two
Hearts
,
Two
Stomachs
,
and
the
other
Vitals
all
single
.
What
I
have
said
is
attested
by
Five
profess'd
Physicians
,
who
open'd
this
Wonderful
Creature
.
There
have
been
many
Examples
of
extraordinary
Births
,
especially
in
these
Parts
of
the
World
.
And
I
have
read
in
a
French
Author
,
a
Man
of
Credit
,
That
in
the
Year
1592
of
the
Christians
Hegira
,
a
Woman
of
Alsatia
,
brought
forth
at
once
an
Hundred
and
Fifty
Children
,
each
but
Three
Inches
long
.
But
what
I
now
shall
tell
thee
,
though
it
be
not
Remarkable
for
the
Number
of
Children
,
yet
has
something
singular
in
the
Circumstances
that
attended
it
.
Irmentrude
,
the
Countess
of
Altorfe
,
accus'd
one
of
her
Neighbour's
of
Adultery
,
because
she
had
Three
Children
at
a
Birth
,
saying
,
She
deserved
to
be
tied
up
in
a
Sack
,
and
thrown
into
the
Sea
.
Next
Year
the
Countess
her self
was
deliver'd
of
Twelve
Sons
all
at
a
Birth
.
And
touch'd
with
Remorse
for
the
Sentence
which
she
had
pronounc'd
against
the
other
Woman
;
concluding
it
now
a
Just
Punishment
for
her self
,
sent
a
Maid
with
Eleven
of
these
New-born
Infants
,
commanding
her
to
drown
them
in
the
next
River
,
reserving
only
one
to
be
the
Heir
of
his
Father's
Estate
.
Fate
had
so
determin'd
,
that
her
Husband
the
Earl
met
the
Maid
as
she
was
going
to
commit
this
Execrable
Villainy
:
And
asking
her
what
she
had
got
in
her
Lap
,
she
answer'd
,
I
am
going
to
drown
a
few
Young
Whelps
.
The
Earl
being
a
great
Hunter
,
and
consequently
a
Lover
of
Dogs
,
had
a
Mind
to
see
whether
any
of
these
Whelps
were
of
a
promising
Aspect
:
When
to
his
Astonishment
he
found
Eleven
of
Humane
Shape
,
all
Living
and
Perfect
,
but
very
small
.
He
press'd
the
Maid
so
far
,
that
she
confess'd
the
whole
Truth
.
Whereupon
enjoining
her
Silence
,
and
Assurance
of
a
good
Reward
,
he
caus'd
her
to
carry
them
to
one
of
his
Tenants
;
where
being
all
cherish'd
and
laid
warm
,
he
dispos'd
of
them
afterwards
in
convenient
Places
,
to
be
nurs'd
and
brought
up
till
they
came
of
Age.
Then
he
sent
for
them
privately
to
his
House
,
having
first
apparelled
them
in
the
same
Fashion
as
their
Brother
was
in
who
dwelt
at
Home
.
As
soon
as
the
Countess
cast
her
Eye
on
them
,
and
observ'd
their
Number
and
Faces
,
so
exactly
resembling
him
who
had
been
always
with
her
,
she
wept
in
a
Passion
betwixt
Shame
and
Joy
,
confessing
her
former
Cruel
Intention
;
and
falling
at
the
Feet
of
her
Lord
,
he
pardon'd
her
.
From
these
Eleven
descend
the
Family
of
the
Welphs
or
Guelphs
,
so
Renowned
in
Germany
,
and
bearing
this
Name
from
the
Maid's
Answer
to
the
Earl
,
when
she
had
them
in
her
Lap.
Such
strange
Productions
as
these
,
occasion
various
Enquiries
among
the
Philosophers
here
in
the
West
:
Whether
Human
Souls
be
Generated
like
the
Bodies
to
which
they
are
united
,
or
whether
they
are
Created
by
the
Immediate
Power
of
God
.
Assuredly
these
Infidels
are
much
in
the
Dark
,
and
shut
their
Eyes
against
the
Light
of
the
Oriental
Sages
.
If
the
Prophets
should
rise
from
the
Dead
,
they
would
not
be
able
to
convince
these
Vncircumcis'd
,
That
all
Things
Visible
and
Invisible
are
from
Eternity
,
and
that
there
is
Nothing
New
in
the
System
of
the
Universe
,
except
the
Various
Outward
Forms
,
which
change
indeed
,
according
to
the
Laws
of
Endless
Transmigration
,
and
sometimes
according
to
the
Frolicks
of
Nature
,
who
loves
to
mix
her
Interludes
and
Antiques
,
with
the
establish'd
Senses
of
every
Age.
What
I
have
writ
,
is
to
divert
thee
;
But
when
shall
I
have
an
Answer
as
from
an
Old
Friend
?
Let
not
the
Honours
of
the
Serail
'
,
make
thee
forget
those
with
whom
thou
hast
once
been
familiar
.
My
Dear
Hali
,
be
not
too
much
a
Courtier
.
Thy
long
Silence
and
Reservedness
forces
this
Language
from
me
.
Shall
Constantinople
blot
out
thy
Remembrance
of
Arabia
?
Or
,
the
Blast
of
a
Monarch's
Favour
,
be
more
Valuable
than
the
Durable
Integrity
of
a
Country-man
,
a
Friend
?
If
the
Saltan
trusts
his
Life
in
thy
Hands
,
dost
thou
not
know
that
a
Fit
of
Gripes
,
the
Stone
,
Gout
,
or
any
Violent
Distemper
,
will
turn
all
his
Confidence
into
Jealousy
?
I
tell
thee
,
he
will
suspect
Poyson
in
thy
very
Looks
.
Therefore
,
continue
to
be
the
same
Man
as
thou
wert
formerly
;
and
let
not
thy
Improvements
in
Physick
,
make
thee
go
backward
in
Morality
.
Paris
,
23d
.
of
the
6th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
IX
.
To
Nathan
Ben
Saddi
,
a
Jew
at
Vienna
.
NOW
I
see
thou
art
a
Man
of
Business
:
Thy
Mind
is
cur'd
of
its
Religious
Itch
,
and
restor'd
to
a
sound
Complexion
.
Persevere
,
and
be
Happy
.
Let
no
vain
Scruples
of
Conscience
molest
thy
Soul
,
concerning
the
Peace
that
was
lately
made
between
the
Grand
Signior
and
the
Germans
.
Cares
of
this
Nature
belong
to
those
who
sit
at
the
Helm
,
and
direct
the
Steerage
of
the
State
.
As
for
thee
and
me
,
our
Part
is
onely
to
Obey
,
without
enquiring
,
whether
it
be
Right
or
Wrong
that
we
are
commanded
.
Every
Thing
is
Lawful
to
us
,
that
is
enjoin'd
by
our
Superiours
;
And
the
Publick
Reason
ought
to
supersede
our
Private
narrow
Sentiments
.
Whatever
Praemunire's
we
incurr
by
our
Obedience
,
the
Conscience
of
the
State
will
be
our
Bail
,
our
Advocate
,
and
our
Ransom
.
Therefore
,
once
more
,
Go
on
and
prosper
.
Thou
cou'dst
not
have
done
the
Grand
Signior
a
greater
Piece
of
Service
,
than
by
thus
happily
insinuating
thy self
with
the
Hungarian
Faction
at
Vienna
:
For
,
by
that
Means
,
thou
becomest
Master
of
the
Secrets
on
both
Sides
;
the
Janus
that
over-looks
Two
opposite
Cabals
at
once
:
And
so
mayst
not
only
form
thy
own
Intrigues
the
better
,
but
also
give
a
clearer
Light
to
the
Ministers
of
the
Sublime
Port.
I
am
displeas'd
to
hear
of
the
frequent
Conspiracies
that
have
been
made
against
the
Emperour's
Person
.
Not
for
any
Love
that
I
bear
to
him
or
the
House
of
Austria
:
For
,
I
wish
there
was
not
a
Branch
of
that
Incestuous
Stem
left
alive
on
Earth
:
But
,
I
never
knew
such
Kind
of
Plots
,
if
once
discovered
and
prevented
,
to
take
Effect
again
.
Besides
,
they
many
Times
spoil
the
main
Design
:
For
,
what
signifies
it
,
if
this
Emperour
were
seiz'd
and
put
to
Death
,
so
long
as
there
is
any
one
of
that
Tyrannical
Race
surviving
.
They
are
all
of
the
same
Blood
and
Interest
;
Educated
also
in
the
same
Principles
and
Maxims
.
In
a
Word
,
they
have
all
but
one
Game
to
play
;
which
is
,
to
aggrandize
themselves
,
and
their
Posterity
for
ever
.
And
therefore
these
Clandestine
Methods
of
Poyson
or
Assassine
,
will
but
make
them
more
watchful
,
to
prevent
all
Designs
of
the
like
Nature
,
for
the
Future
.
Remember
Nathan
,
that
the
Mark
which
thou
art
to
aim
at
,
is
to
cherish
the
Discontents
of
Hungary
,
by
all
the
Arts
of
a
cunning
Statesman
.
Count
Peter
de
Serini
,
is
a
fit
Subject
to
work
upon
.
The
Death
of
his
Brother
,
and
his
own
Disgrace
at
the
Imperial
Court
,
with
the
rising
Fortune
of
Montecuculi
,
have
fill'd
him
with
Sentiments
of
Revenge
and
Envy
.
He
cannot
behold
Count
d'
Aversperg
in
Possession
of
Carlestadt
,
without
much
Resentment
,
having
with
so
great
Passion
,
begg'd
that
Government
for
himself
.
If
this
Prince
can
but
be
induc'd
to
revolt
,
many
Thousands
of
the
Croats
,
Dalmatians
,
and
Sclavonians
,
will
take
up
Arms
under
him
,
which
will
at
once
weaken
both
the
German
Empire
,
and
the
State
of
Venice
.
Besides
,
the
Marriage
of
his
Daughter
with
Prince
Ragotski
,
may
engage
the
Transylvanians
in
his
Party
.
Count
Nadasti
also
,
they
say
,
is
not
well
pleased
with
the
Court
,
aiming
to
be
Palatine
of
Hungary
;
which
has
been
refus'd
him
.
This
News
comes
to
me
but
by
Report
.
If
it
be
true
,
thou
art
in
the
fairer
Way
to
succeed
.
Such
great
Male-contents
as
these
,
will
puzzle
the
Ministers
of
State
,
and
exercise
the
Policy
of
Prince
Lobkovitz
.
Besides
,
if
Things
shou'd
not
proceed
to
an
open
Rupture
;
yet
,
thou
know'st
,
the
Hungarians
are
offended
at
the
late
Peace
,
which
will
not
fail
to
put
them
upon
committing
perpetual
Acts
of
Hostility
.
They
stomach
it
extremely
,
That
the
Town
of
Newhausel
is
in
the
Grand
Signior's
Hands
.
And
they
will
be
always
on
their
Guard
in
the
Neighbouring
Parts
,
Patrôling
about
,
and
skirmishing
with
our
Foragers
:
Which
will
afford
a
good
Occasion
at
any
Time
for
our
Sovereign
to
break
the
Peace
,
whenever
it
is
for
his
Interest
.
There
are
Abundance
of
Consequences
in
such
a
Case
,
more
than
we
can
think
of
,
or
foresee
,
yet
all
to
our
Advantage
.
As
long
as
we
go
the
right
way
to
Work
,
all
Things
will
succeed
well
.
Make
no
false
Steps
,
and
there
's
no
Danger
of
stumbling
.
Remember
still
,
That
thy
particular
Charge
,
is
to
foment
a
Civil
War
between
the
Court
of
Vienna
,
and
the
Hungarians
.
'T
is
no
Matter
,
who
gets
the
better
on
't
.
Let
'em
quarrel
to
Eternity
,
and
destroy
one
another
in
God's
Name
.
Then
shall
the
Mussulman
Empire
thrive
.
Before
God
,
you
have
a
fine
Opportunity
,
ye
Factious
Comrades
:
But
,
beware
of
sly
Interlopers
.
Damn
the
Easiness
,
and
good
Nature
(
falsly
so
call'd
)
of
those
,
who
will
admit
any
Man
into
their
Cabal
,
provided
he
puts
on
a
fair
Guise
,
of
one
of
the
Party
.
Ye
can't
be
too
reserv'd
and
close
.
D'
ye
think
,
the
Emperour
has
not
his
Spies
about
in
every
Corner
?
A
Pox
of
your
Stupidity
,
if
you
suffer
this
brave
Design
to
miscarry
for
want
of
looking
sharp
.
Damn
ye
for
a
parcel
of
Old
Thread-bare
Fools
,
if
after
so
many
Experiences
,
you
don't
furbish
up
your
Wits
,
and
look
to
your selves
.
There
's
Gottendorf
,
Railliwits
,
Skus
,
the
Knight
,
Baron
Leipsem
,
Eluard
the
Hereditary
Pretender
to
the
Marquisate
of
Thanu
,
with
many
others
,
whom
I
will
not
name
in
this
Letter
.
By
Moses
and
Mahomet
,
they
're
all
Rogues
,
and
if
you
trust
'em
too
far
,
they
surely
betray
you
.
Nathan
,
believe
me
,
I
wou'd
not
write
so
passionately
,
were
my
Life
at
all
precious
.
But
,
I
have
no
other
End
in
protracting
the
Minute
of
my
Transmigration
,
than
to
exalt
,
as
much
as
in
me
lies
,
the
Majesty
of
the
Ottoman
Lineage
,
and
to
guard
it
from
Dangers
.
I
am
plac'd
here
on
Purpose
,
by
Fate
:
And
I
'll
do
my
Duty
,
though
the
whole
World
shou'd
sputter
their
Venom
against
me
.
O
Israelite
,
both
thou
and
I
,
must
shortly
leave
this
Earth
;
or
at
least
,
we
must
change
the
Form
of
our
Earth
.
We
shall
never
cease
to
be
something
;
God
knows
what
.
In
the
mean
Time
,
be
what
thou
seemest
to
be
.
Paris
,
23d
.
of
the
6th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
X.
To
the
Most
Sublime
,
and
Magnificent
of
the
Mussulman
Bassa's
,
Achmet
,
the
Vizir
Azem
.
MAY
Chaplets
of
Immortal
Flowers
crown
thy
Noble
Head
,
Illustrious
Cuperli
,
strong
Prop
of
the
House
of
Ertogriel
;
Main
Buttress
of
the
Tower
of
the
Selzuccian
Tribe
,
the
Lineage
of
Ottoman
,
Heir
of
the
Heirs
to
Ismael
,
the
Eldest
Son
of
our
Father
Abrahim
,
the
Glory
of
Men
and
the
Beloved
of
God
.
Not
the
Unmatch'd
Perfumes
of
Arabia
,
nor
the
surprizing
Odours
of
the
Persian
Incense
,
which
they
offer'd
to
the
Sun
;
not
all
the
most
skilful
Compositions
of
Eastern
Aromaticks
put
together
,
are
half
so
sweet
,
as
is
thy
Glorious
Name
,
among
the
Mussulmans
.
I
receiv'd
thy
Orders
with
a
Reverence
second
onely
to
that
which
is
due
to
the
Grand
Signior
;
And
will
perform
them
,
with
a
Loyal
Alacrity
.
I
perfectly
comprehend
thy
Design
,
and
the
Drift
of
the
Sublime
Port.
For
thou
hast
stated
the
Case
like
an
Oracle
.
'T
will
not
be
difficult
,
I
believe
,
to
suggest
underhand
to
the
French
Court
,
the
Advantage
they
may
make
of
the
present
Distractions
in
Hungary
:
For
,
they
are
already
become
the
Subject
of
common
Discourse
.
Lewis
XIV
.
by
encouraging
those
Male-contents
,
and
supporting
their
Cause
with
private
Disbursements
of
Money
,
will
doubtless
facilitate
his
own
designed
Conquests
on
the
Neighbourhoods
of
the
Rhine
.
For
,
if
the
Hungarian
Lords
proceed
to
an
open
Revolt
,
and
throw
themselves
under
the
Sultan's
Protection
;
the
Emperour
of
Germany
will
be
oblig'd
to
turn
all
his
Forces
that
Way
:
Which
yet
will
not
be
able
to
withstand
the
United
Armies
of
the
Hungarians
,
Croatians
,
Heyducks
,
Tartars
,
and
the
most
Invincible
Osmans
.
So
that
by
this
Means
,
the
Empire
will
be
weakned
on
both
Sides
,
and
in
Fatal
Danger
of
its
final
Dissolution
:
Whilst
the
Strength
and
Power
of
the
Grand
Signior
,
and
the
King
of
France
,
his
Noble
Allie
,
will
daily
encrease
.
Besides
,
this
will
put
all
Europe
into
Divisions
and
Parties
,
according
as
their
Interests
and
Affections
incline
them
;
some
siding
with
the
Emperour
,
others
with
the
French
King
;
whilst
the
Generality
will
stand
Neuters
,
and
contemplate
the
Issue
of
these
Wars
,
without
assisting
one
Side
or
t'other
.
Than
which
,
nothing
can
fall
out
more
Happy
or
Propitious
for
the
Sacred
Monarchy
of
the
Osmans
.
In
Obedience
to
thy
Commands
,
I
have
written
to
Nathan
Ben
Saddi
on
this
Account
:
Altogether
as
from
my self
,
not
giving
him
the
least
Ground
to
conjecture
,
that
I
had
receiv'd
an
Order
from
the
Port.
I
frequently
take
the
Liberty
to
counsel
that
honest
Jew
in
many
Cases
;
inviting
him
to
Projects
in
General
Terms
,
and
to
do
some
Extraordinary
Service
for
the
Grand
Signior
.
So
that
he
will
imagine
my
writing
now
is
onely
of
Course
,
without
suspecting
any
Thing
else
.
I
beseech
thee
to
send
me
all
the
Instructions
that
are
Needful
for
me
,
not
onely
to
carry
on
this
Affair
prosperously
,
but
all
others
relating
to
the
Port.
I
will
be
careful
to
transmit
thy
Commands
to
Nathan
Ben
Saddi
,
in
such
a
Disguise
,
as
he
shall
not
dream
they
are
any
other
than
my
own
Proposals
:
Since
thou
dost
not
think
it
fit
that
the
Majesty
of
the
Port
,
should
appear
to
be
concern'd
in
a
Business
of
this
Nature
;
especially
,
so
soon
after
the
late
Peace
,
concluded
with
the
Emperour
.
'T
is
an
invaluable
Honour
thou
hast
done
me
;
in
trusting
to
my
Conduct
an
Intrigue
,
whose
Effects
,
for
ought
I
know
,
may
reach
all
the
Nations
of
Europe
,
and
last
till
the
Day
of
Doom
.
Question
not
my
Fidelity
,
for
't
is
of
Proof
:
Besides
,
it
many
Times
tempts
a
Man
to
be
false
,
when
he
knows
he
is
suspected
to
be
so
.
I
am
Slave
of
the
Slaves
of
those
who
stand
near
the
Sultan's
Person
,
and
confess
Mohammed
to
be
the
Apostle
of
God
.
More
particularly
,
I
am
devoted
to
those
who
have
the
Honour
to
serve
thee
,
the
Grand
Pillar
of
the
Osman
Empire
.
God
perpetuate
thy
Felicity
.
Paris
,
the
23d
.
of
the
7th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
XI
.
To
the
Selictar
Aga
,
or
Sword-Bearer
to
the
Sultan
.
THese
Parts
abound
in
Action
at
this
Time
.
Couriers
run
up
and
down
from
Court
to
Court
,
with
secret
Dispatches
,
and
Matters
of
deep
Import
.
The
Death
of
the
Queen
of
Poland
,
and
of
Pope
Alexander
VII
.
occasion
this
new
stirring
and
bustling
in
Europe
.
She
died
on
the
10th
.
of
the
5th
.
Moon
;
He
on
the
22d
.
Every
Kingdom
and
State
in
the
West
,
have
some
Interest
to
make
or
preserve
;
some
Design
to
form
,
or
to
carry
on
;
the
Success
of
which
many
Times
depends
on
the
well
managing
the
Consequences
of
these
great
and
Fatal
Breaches
which
Death
makes
in
the
Families
of
Mighty
Potentates
,
Houses
of
Royal
Descent
.
The
French
Court
were
all
dissolv'd
in
Joy
,
for
the
Marriage
of
the
Duke
of
Guize
with
Madamoiselle
d'
Alençon
;
They
were
in
the
midst
of
the
Nuptial
Triumphs
,
and
Festival
Solemnities
,
when
the
Black
Expresses
came
,
which
soon
turn'd
all
their
Mirth
to
Mourning
,
at
least
in
outward
Appearance
.
For
it
was
not
decent
for
the
Sons
to
continue
longer
revelling
,
when
the
Great
Father
lay
Embalm'd
in
Order
to
his
Sepulture
.
Therefore
,
to
prevent
Idleness
,
the
King
thought
fit
to
change
the
Pastimes
of
the
Court
,
for
more
Necessary
Business
;
and
the
soft
Entertainments
of
Hymen
,
for
the
Rugged
Toils
of
War
.
He
caus'd
his
Armies
to
march
into
Flanders
,
to
give
his
Queen
Possession
of
certain
Estates
fallen
to
her
in
those
Parts
.
This
surpriz'd
the
Low-Countries
,
who
began
to
demolish
several
Places
of
Strength
,
that
had
not
sufficient
Garrisons
to
defend
them
.
The
King
was
himself
in
Person
at
the
Head
of
his
Army
,
which
gave
immense
Courage
to
his
Soldiers
.
So
that
Tournay
quickly
surrender'd
to
him
,
on
the
24th
.
of
the
6th
.
Moon
;
and
Doway
not
many
Days
after
.
In
the
mean
while
,
the
Mareschal
d'
Aumont
with
another
Army
,
takes
Bergue
and
Furnes
near
Dunkirk
.
Then
he
besieges
Lisle
,
which
was
taken
also
after
Seventeen
Days
;
but
not
without
the
King's
Presence
,
who
appear'd
indefatigable
,
always
on
Horseback
or
in
his
Coach
,
going
the
Rounds
,
and
surveying
all
the
Works
.
He
slept
in
his
Coach
,
that
Night
the
Town
was
taken
,
on
a
Bridge
not
far
from
Gaunt
.
They
have
also
taken
Courtray
,
Oudenarde
and
Alost
.
They
have
defeated
the
Prince
de
Ligne
,
and
the
Count
de
Marcin
.
In
a
Word
,
they
have
done
so
many
Great
Things
this
Campaigne
,
That
all
Flanders
is
stupified
,
as
at
a
Miracle
.
Illustrious
Aga
,
I
have
in
a
Sort
of
Miniature
presented
thee
with
the
true
Effigies
of
Western
Affairs
at
this
Juncture
.
Let
not
my
Abruptness
displease
thee
;
since
this
Epitome
describes
the
Truth
as
lively
,
as
if
I
'd
fill'd
an
Ell
of
Parchment
up
with
Words
.
Paris
,
the
2d
.
of
the
8th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
XII
.
To
Dgnet
Oglou
.
I
Know
not
whether
I
have
Reason
to
rejoice
or
be
sad
,
in
my
present
Circumstances
;
so
Ambiguous
are
the
Events
of
Human
Life
.
Even
the
most
blandishing
Gifts
of
Fortune
,
and
such
as
we
are
extremely
taken
with
,
many
Times
prove
like
the
Trojan
Horse
,
onely
fair
and
Gay
in
outward
Appearance
;
whilst
like
that
deceitful
Engine
of
the
Grecian
Craft
,
they
carry
an
Army
of
Hidden
Calamities
within
,
which
in
the
midst
of
our
secure
Repose
,
when
we
least
dream
of
any
Evil
,
rush
upon
us
from
their
conceal'd
and
unsuspected
Ambuscades
,
putting
us
all
in
Terrour
and
Confusion
.
However
,
since
I
have
had
a
sufficient
share
of
Trouble
,
Grief
,
and
Melancholy
;
now
let
other
sprightly
,
chearful
Passions
take
their
Turn
,
be
the
Event
how
it
will
.
I
cannot
always
bear
the
Burden
of
a
loaded
Spleen
,
cramm'd
and
puff'd
up
with
Melancholy
Winds
,
the
Embryo's
or
Vehicles
at
least
,
of
horrid
Thoughts
,
perplexing
Cares
,
and
black
Despair
.
Besides
,
methinks
,
I
have
a
fit
Occasion
to
be
merry
;
being
by
a
very
pleasant
Accident
,
at
once
rid
of
a
great
many
vain
Doubts
and
Anxieties
,
(
which
have
disturb'd
my
Peace
for
these
Three
or
Four
Years
)
and
restor'd
to
the
charming
Conversation
of
Daria
,
whom
thou
may'st
remember
,
I
so
passionately
lov'd
,
in
the
Days
of
my
Youth
.
Know
then
,
that
one
Day
as
I
was
walking
in
the
Streets
,
I
met
that
lovely
Greek
in
Mourning
.
Surpriz'd
above
Measure
at
the
Sight
of
a
Person
,
for
whom
I
had
formerly
cherish'd
so
great
an
Esteem
;
I
stood
still
at
First
,
like
one
Thunderstruck
.
I
cou'd
not
forbear
questioning
my
own
Senses
,
and
giving
the
Lye
to
my
Eyes
,
which
assur'd
me
't
was
she
.
Neither
Age
,
nor
Absence
had
effac'd
her
lov'd
Idea
from
my
Memory
,
or
so
much
chang'd
her
Face
,
but
that
I
easily
call'd
to
mind
the
Object
of
my
Amorous
Desires
.
Yet
,
my
Astonishment
was
such
at
this
unthought
of
Interview
,
that
I
had
not
Resolution
enough
to
believe
my self
.
And
her
Amazement
seem'd
no
less
than
mine
:
Whilst
neither
of
us
had
Power
to
speak
,
but
stood
like
Fools
:
Till
I
asham'd
longer
to
lose
my self
in
such
an
effeminate
Confusion
of
Spirit
,
first
broke
Silence
,
not
without
some
Rapture
and
Emotion
,
crying
out
,
"
Is
it
Daria
,
or
her
Ghost
,
I
see
?
Has
Fortune
bless'd
,
or
mock'd
me
at
this
Fatal
Hour
?
Or
do
deluding
Nymphs
and
Fairies
,
haunt
the
Streets
of
Populous
Cities
,
walking
about
in
borrow'd
Forms
,
and
mixing
with
the
Throng
of
Mortals
,
to
tantalize
our
softest
Hopes
,
with
a
false
S●…ew
of
some
dear
Lover
,
Friend
or
Person
highly
wish'd
for
,
ne'er
to
be
enjoy'd
?
It
may
be
true
,
That
Cytherea
left
her
Heaven
,
(
as
Virgil
does
relate
)
and
in
a
Tyrian
Dress
,
met
the
Heroick
Off-spring
of
Anchyses
in
the
Fields
,
amusing
him
with
a
disguized
Semblance
of
Mortality
and
Human
Race
,
untill
her
Heavenly
Voice
discover'd
that
she
was
a
Goddess
.
So
us'd
Diana
to
descend
in
dead
of
Night
,
and
mix
the
Slumbers
of
Endymion
with
Immortal
Dreams
;
stealing
soft
Kisses
from
the
lovely
Youth
,
and
whispering
Coelestial
Words
into
his
Ears
,
more
forcible
than
the
Songs
of
Orpheus
,
when
he
mov'd
the
Trees
and
Rocks
to
Passions
of
Platonick
Love
.
At
other
Times
they
wou'd
come
down
and
take
the
Air
of
cool
Mount
Haemus
,
or
the
lofty
Ida.
Thus
Melpomene
,
Clio
,
and
the
Rest
o'
th'
Sacred
Nine
,
wou'd
often
visit
the
Refreshing
Heights
of
their
belov'd
Parnassus
,
from
whence
descending
to
the
Shady
Banks
of
Helicon
,
with
more
than
Mortal
Voices
,
wou'd
awake
and
tempt
the
wanton
Eccho's
to
strike
up
,
like
Vnisons
,
and
join
in
Consort
with
'em
,
whilst
they
chant
the
Praises
of
some
Demi-God
or
Hero
whom
they
love
.
But
that
a
Goddess
,
Nymph
,
or
Muse
did
e'er
frequent
the
Common
Crowd
of
Mortals
in
a
City
,
is
not
to
be
credited
.
Therefore
,
unless
I
dream
,
it
is
Daria
I
behold
.
"
My
Dgnet
,
I
was
running
on
in
higher
Ecstafies
,
at
mentioning
of
her
Name
,
but
that
she
smil'd
,
and
interrupted
me
with
an
obliging
Reservedness
,
and
said
;
"
Mahmut
,
if
you
are
the
Man
I
take
you
for
,
and
wou'd
have
my
Esteem
,
be
less
passionate
,
and
leave
off
this
wild
way
of
Raillery
.
We
both
are
past
the
Vanities
of
Youth
.
Our
Years
shou'd
now
retain
no
Remnant
Froths
of
early
boiling
Blood
,
and
Young
,
Green
,
Foolish
Passions
.
"
I
took
this
onely
for
a
Female
Banter
,
an
Essay
of
Woman's
Craft
,
to
try
the
Sense
and
Humour
of
a
Man
.
For
,
thou
knowest
,
the
greatest
Princess
loves
a
truly
passionate
Address
;
though
not
a
puling
,
whining
one
.
Besides
,
't
is
the
Fashion
here
in
France
,
to
use
Romantick
Forms
of
Speech
,
when
they
make
Love
.
However
,
in
Regard
it
was
Inconvenient
to
lose
more
Time
,
in
the
open
Street
,
by
this
Sort
of
Discourse
,
I
invited
her
to
a
House
,
where
we
might
converse
with
more
Freedom
.
She
accepted
the
Motion
,
and
I
conducted
her
to
the
House
of
Eliachim
the
Jew
.
'T
is
pleasantly
seated
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Seine
,
and
has
a
fair
Garden
belonging
to
it
.
Eliachim
happen'd
to
be
abroad
,
which
gave
us
a
better
Opportunity
of
improving
our
Time
,
without
the
necessary
Interruption
of
Salutes
,
Compliments
,
&c.
usual
in
such
a
Case
.
And
I
had
the
command
of
his
House
,
as
though
he
had
been
there
himself
.
It
being
in
the
heat
of
Summer
,
I
led
Daria
into
a
little
Shady
Green
Retreat
,
in
the
midst
of
the
Garden
,
out
of
the
Reach
of
curious
Ears
,
where
,
under
the
cool
refreshing
Shelter
of
a
wide-spread
Beech
,
we
sate
down
and
call'd
to
Mind
our
former
Acquaintance
and
Friendship
.
Daria
still
retain'd
her
Native
Modesty
and
Prudence
.
Neither
had
the
external
Beauty
of
her
Face
suffer'd
any
greater
Detriment
,
than
what
befalls
the
fairest
Roses
,
Violets
,
or
other
Flowers
,
which
even
in
their
most
decayed
Estate
,
merit
the
Character
of
Amiable
Sweetness
.
However
,
the
Lustre
of
her
Wit
,
and
Goodness
of
her
Humour
,
supply'd
all
other
Defects
.
I
protest
,
my
Dgnet
,
it
was
Impossible
for
me
to
see
,
and
not
to
love
again
,
a
Person
,
whose
Idea
once
was
so
Domestick
and
Familiar
to
my
Soul
.
And
I
was
the
more
animated
to
make
my
Court
,
when
she
told
me
,
that
she
was
a
Widow
.
'T
was
easy
to
forget
,
or
banish
from
my
Thoughts
,
her
former
Faithful
Treachery
,
in
acquainting
her
Husband
with
my
Amour
.
Love
soon
removes
all
puny
Obstacles
;
't
is
ready
,
prompt
,
and
dextrous
to
find
Excuses
for
the
greatest
Faults
a
Friend
can
e'er
commit
:
Much
more
ingenious
to
palliate
the
Peccadillo's
of
a
Mistress
.
This
Generous
Passion
by
a
peculiar
Force
extirpates
all
Revenge
,
and
blots
out
the
Memoirs
of
past
Unkindnesses
.
It
ever
springs
and
blooms
with
fresh
Desires
,
young
vigorous
Inclinations
.
Like
to
the
Palm
oppress'd
with
Weights
,
it
higher
grows
.
'T
wou'd
fain
encrease
,
dilate
,
and
stretch
it self
to
Immortality
.
There
's
no
Consideration
,
but
that
of
Honour
,
can
pretend
to
match
,
or
stand
in
Competition
with
the
Divine
Regards
of
Love
.
And
yet
,
the
most
exalted
Human
Glory
often
vails
to
this
soft
Passion
.
The
Conquerours
of
the
World
,
suffer
themselves
to
be
o'ercome
by
Women
.
Wonder
not
therefore
,
That
I
who
am
Flesh
and
Blood
as
well
as
other
Men
,
cou'd
not
now
defend
my self
from
fair
Daria's
Charms
.
Excuse
me
in
that
I
cannot
now
give
thee
any
farther
Account
of
this
Adventure
;
being
interrupted
by
a
Messenger
from
Eliachim
the
Jew
,
who
brings
me
Word
,
my
Mother
is
very
Sick
,
and
wants
my
Company
Expect
another
Dispatch
speedily
.
Paris
,
the
15th
.
of
the
10th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
XIII
.
To
Pesteli
Hali
,
his
Brother
,
Master
of
the
Customs
and
Superintendent
of
the
Royal
Arsenal
at
Constantinople
.
'T
IS
written
in
the
Fates
,
That
Man
shou'd
Once
,
at
least
,
be
vanquish'd
by
a
Woman
in
his
Life
.
But
,
't
is
my
Chance
to
be
Twice
subdu'd
by
one
of
that
Fair
Sex
.
I
know
not
whether
I
acquainted
thee
with
the
Love
I
formerly
bore
to
Daria
a
Beautiful
Greek
Lady
sojourning
in
Paris
.
Neither
have
I
at
this
Instant
an
Opportunity
to
look
over
the
File
of
my
Letters
,
they
being
in
my
Lodgings
,
and
I
at
Eliachim's
House
,
where
I
write
this
Letter
,
for
the
Sake
of
a
Convenience
,
which
offers
it self
,
of
sending
thee
a
small
Present
of
Watches
and
Oriental
Stones
,
by
a
Jew
,
a
Merchant
who
is
just
departing
for
Constantinople
.
However
,
if
thou
art
curious
to
know
the
Circumstances
of
this
Amour
I
speak
of
;
Our
Friend
Oglou
can
inform
thee
of
it
.
In
the
mean
Time
,
suffer
me
to
vent
some
of
my
Thoughts
concerning
Women
,
and
the
Love
of
them
,
rooted
so
deeply
in
our
Hearts
by
Nature
.
None
of
our
Sex
cou'd
e'er
escape
this
gentle
Passion
,
it
being
mix'd
and
blended
in
our
very
Original
Embryo's
,
and
after
cherish'd
with
our
Mothers
Milk
.
It
was
the
peculiar
Mystery
of
our
Nurses
,
by
a
Thousand
Female
Tricks
and
Arts
of
necessary
Tenderness
,
to
blow
and
kindle
up
the
little
Sparks
of
this
Immortal
Fire
within
our
Infant
Souls
;
whilst
from
their
Breasts
we
suck'd
and
guzzl'd
down
inebriating
Philters
and
Love-Potions
,
more
forcible
and
durable
than
those
the
Grecian
Maids
compound
by
Magick
Rules
,
when
they
wou'd
captivate
some
Lovely
Youth
within
their
Snares
.
Our
Blood
thus
fed
with
early
Sympathetick
Draughts
,
becomes
the
Seminary
of
a
Thousand
Amorous
Inclinations
;
General
,
unform'd
,
and
volatile
Affections
,
to
that
Sex
:
Till
Time
and
Opportunity
fix
our
loose
Desires
,
on
some
particular
Maid
,
whom
Fate
or
Chance
has
brought
into
our
View
.
At
the
First
Glance
,
she
darts
from
her
enchanting
Eyes
the
perfect
Image
of
her
Soul
,
which
penetrates
,
like
Lightning
,
our
most
Interiour
Faculties
.
The
swift
Idea
soon
transforms
us
into
its
own
Similitude
;
like
melted
Wax
we
take
the
Momentary
Impression
of
a
Figure
,
which
may
last
as
long
as
we
.
Or
,
if
we
melt
again
,
't
is
but
to
receive
some
other
Stamp
of
Love
.
Thus
our
whole
Life
passes
away
in
an
Enchanted
Circle
of
Amours
.
However
,
't
is
the
Part
of
a
Wife
Man
to
regulate
this
Passion
,
and
not
suffer
it
to
degenerate
into
Dotage
.
There
is
much
to
be
said
in
Praise
of
Women
,
and
not
a
little
in
their
Disparagement
.
As
we
are
Riddles
to
our selves
,
so
that
Sex
is
in
a
higher
Degree
,
Mysterious
,
and
a
Paradox
.
'T
wou'd
be
a
Kind
of
Sacrilegious
Envy
to
conceal
their
Excellencies
,
and
the
Advantages
they
have
of
us
,
in
many
Regards
,
whilst
our
partial
Pen
shall
onely
publish
their
Defects
and
Infirmities
.
Some
Hebrew
Doctors
from
the
Different
Names
of
Adam
and
Eve
,
draw
Arguments
to
prove
the
Dignity
and
Perfection
of
the
Female
Sex
,
in
that
Adam
signifies
[
Earth
]
but
Eve
expresses
[
Life
.
]
For
,
they
affirm
,
that
every
Name
which
God
impos'd
on
any
Thing
,
describes
its
Nature
and
Qualities
,
as
a
Picture
represents
the
Original
.
Therefore
,
by
how
much
,
Life
is
more
to
be
esteem'd
than
Earth
,
by
so
much
more
Excellent
,
in
the
Opinion
of
these
Rabbi's
,
is
Woman
than
Man
.
They
go
farther
also
,
and
from
the
Affinity
between
Eve's
Name
and
the
Sacred
Name
of
God
,
the
Ineffable
Tetragrammaton
,
the
Cabbalists
borrow
Proofs
in
Confirmation
of
their
Doctrine
.
I
know
not
,
whether
such
Critical
Observations
be
of
any
Moment
,
or
no
,
in
this
Case
;
Yet
,
thou
know'st
,
that
all
the
Eastern
Languages
are
full
of
hidden
Mysteries
;
each
Word
and
Letter
being
impregnated
with
some
Divine
or
Natural
Secret
,
beside
the
common
obvious
Sence
.
Thus
Al
Zerbi
,
the
Holy
Mussulman
Doctor
says
,
There
's
Magick
in
the
Sacred
Name
of
Jesus
,
and
that
whene'er
it
shall
be
once
pronounc'd
through
the
Great
Tube
or
Trump
of
Michael
,
it
shall
cause
all
the
Powers
in
Heaven
,
in
Earth
,
and
Hell
,
to
bow
the
Knee
.
This
Globe
,
whereon
we
tread
,
shall
tremble
,
and
all
the
Elements
melt
away
;
the
Firmament
shall
be
snatch'd
up
,
like
to
the
Motion
of
an
Eastern
Antiport
,
Veil
,
or
Curtain
.
The
wide-stretch'd
Orbs
Above
,
shall
warp
and
rowl
together
,
as
a
scorched
Skin
,
or
Piece
of
Parchment
does
before
a
Fire
.
So
forcible
will
be
the
Energy
of
that
Tremendous
WORD
by
which
the
Vniverse
was
made
;
when
God
designs
to
rend
this
Visible
World
of
ours
in
Pieces
,
that
he
may
reveal
his
Nobler
Works
,
the
Worlds
Invisible
and
Eternal
.
This
mighty
Frame
,
on
every
Side
will
bow
,
and
yield
,
and
vanish
;
not
able
to
support
the
crowding
Train
and
Lustre
of
Immortal
Glories
,
Radiant
,
Bright
Essences
,
descending
in
a
Body
from
the
High
Palaces
of
God
,
the
Infinite
Solitudes
and
Recesses
of
the
Omnipotent
.
Thou
hast
no
Reason
to
be
scandaliz'd
at
what
I
write
,
as
if
I
were
a
Christian
.
Thou
seest
I
have
a
Doctor
of
the
Arabs
,
for
my
Author
:
A
True
Believer
,
and
reputed
Saint
.
Besides
,
if
I
am
worthy
to
advise
thee
,
let
not
the
Common
Practice
of
Mussulman
Professors
in
the
Imperial
City
,
tempt
thee
to
despise
the
Blessed
Son
of
Mary
,
of
whom
our
Holy
Prophet
speaks
so
honourably
.
How
many
Chapters
in
the
Alcoran
do
celebrate
his
Praise
?
I
rather
counsel
thee
to
imitate
the
honest
Turcomans
,
who
are
esteem'd
the
best
of
True
Believers
.
These
honour
both
Jesus
and
his
matchless
Virgin-Mother
.
So
do
the
Chupmessiasi
,
and
all
good
Mussulmans
.
As
for
the
Rest
,
they
're
either
Superstitious
and
Morose
Fanaticks
,
Profligate
Renegades
,
or
Loose
,
Wild
Libertines
,
who
fear
neither
God
or
Man
.
And
now
I
've
mention'd
that
Incomparable
Mary
,
Mother
of
the
Messias
,
of
whom
the
Mighty
Alcoran
speaks
such
Venerable
Things
;
it
is
a
fit
Occasion
to
return
from
my
Digression
,
and
proceed
in
relating
what
the
Jewish
Rabbi's
say
farther
in
Commendation
of
the
Female
Sex
.
They
consider
the
Order
which
God
,
according
to
the
Writing
of
Moyses
,
observed
in
the
Creation
:
viz.
That
among
his
Works
some
are
Incorruptible
,
and
Immortal
;
others
subject
to
Corruption
and
Change
,
and
that
as
he
began
in
the
Noblest
Species
of
the
Former
,
to
wit
,
pure
separate
Spirits
,
so
he
ended
in
the
Most
Illustrious
of
the
latter
that
is
,
Woman
;
the
last
of
all
his
Works
,
and
the
most
Perfect
of
Compound
Beings
;
for
in
her
are
center'd
and
consummated
the
Nature
of
the
Heavens
,
the
Earth
,
Air
,
Fire
and
Water
,
with
Minerals
,
Plants
,
and
Animals
,
and
whatsoever
else
was
made
before
her
.
This
is
the
Opinion
of
some
Hebrew
Writers
,
who
believe
,
that
God
having
made
Eve
,
and
then
survey'd
the
System
of
his
Works
,
found
nothing
more
Excellent
or
Divinely
fram'd
than
Woman
.
Therefore
in
her
he
rested
and
commenc'd
the
Sabbath
,
as
if
his
Power
and
Wisdom
now
were
tir'd
and
foil'd
,
and
that
he
cou'd
not
start
the
Idea
of
another
Creature
,
more
perfect
than
her
.
Or
,
as
if
he
did
not
esteem
the
Vniverse
it self
compleat
without
the
last
and
most
accomplish'd
of
his
Works
.
For
,
they
hold
,
it
is
absurd
to
believe
,
that
God
wou'd
finish
such
a
prodigious
and
admirable
Task
,
in
any
mean
or
abject
Thing
.
They
also
illustrate
this
by
a
Similitude
,
asserting
,
That
the
World
being
as
it
were
an
Intire
Circle
,
it
follows
by
a
Necessary
Consequence
,
that
it
was
finish'd
in
that
Part
,
which
by
the
most
Intimate
Union
,
couples
the
First
Atome
to
the
Last
.
They
endeavour
to
strengthen
this
by
the
Common
Principle
of
Philosophy
,
which
teaches
,
That
the
End
is
always
First
in
the
Intention
,
and
Last
in
Execution
.
Woman
therefore
being
the
Last
Work
of
the
Creation
,
it
is
evident
,
say
they
,
that
she
was
the
Chief
Design
and
Aim
,
the
Almighty
had
in
building
this
Immense
Fabrick
,
which
he
first
furnished
and
adorned
with
infinite
Riches
and
Delights
,
and
then
introduc'd
her
,
as
into
her
Own
Native
,
Proper
Palace
,
there
to
reign
as
Absolute
Queen
over
all
his
Works
.
Besides
,
they
take
Advantage
from
the
particular
Place
of
her
Creation
,
to
exalt
her
,
in
that
she
was
form'd
in
Paradise
,
among
the
Angels
,
whereas
Man
was
made
in
the
Common
Waste
among
the
Brutes
.
And
therefore
they
say
,
Women
have
this
peculiar
Privilege
,
That
when
they
look
down
from
any
Eminent
Height
or
Precipice
,
they
feel
no
Dizziness
or
giddy
Symptoms
in
their
Head
,
no
Mist
or
Dimness
in
their
Eyes
,
being
,
as
it
were
,
nearer
their
proper
Element
,
or
lofty
Birth-Place
.
Whereas
it
is
common
for
Men
to
be
troubled
with
these
Accidents
in
such
a
Case
.
But
the
most
prevailing
Argument
they
use
,
is
taken
from
the
Stupendous
Beauty
of
that
Sex
,
which
,
like
the
finer
Sort
of
Clouds
in
Summer
,
seems
to
engross
the
Splendors
of
Immortal
Light
,
and
so
reflect
them
on
the
World
.
How
matchless
is
a
Woman's
Form
?
What
dazz'ling
Majesty
environs
her
,
from
Head
to
Foot
?
Gaze
on
her
lovely
Countenance
without
Astonishment
;
or
fix
your
Eyes
on
her's
without
an
Ecstasie
;
Those
Lights
which
do
mislead
the
Morning
Stars
,
and
cause
the
Gods
to
ramble
from
their
Heaven
,
if
what
the
Ancient
Poets
say
,
be
true
.
So
did
Apollo
for
his
Daphne
,
and
Jupiter
for
others
of
that
charming
Sex
.
Neither
need
we
wonder
at
this
,
since
the
Written
Law
it self
records
,
that
Angels
fell
in
Love
with
Admirable
Maids
of
Human
Race
,
and
took
'em
for
their
Wives
,
or
Concubines
,
from
whom
the
Progeny
of
Giants
came
.
Thus
more
Modern
Writers
testify
,
that
Incorporeal
Spirits
and
Daemons
of
all
Ranks
and
Qualities
,
both
Good
and
Bad
,
have
been
enflam'd
with
Ardent
Passions
for
some
Mortal
Virgin
.
Which
is
no
false
or
vain
Opinion
,
as
the
Incredulous
Part
of
Men
wou'd
fain
insinuate
,
but
a
known
Truth
,
confirm'd
by
many
Experiences
.
Indeed
,
so
admirable
is
the
Figure
,
Voice
,
and
Mien
,
of
a
Fair
Woman
,
that
he
is
willfully
blind
,
who
does
not
see
,
whatsoever
Beauties
the
whole
World
is
capable
of
,
concenter'd
in
that
Sex
.
And
for
this
Reason
't
is
,
that
not
onely
Man
,
with
Angels
,
Daemons
,
Genii
,
Satyrs
,
and
the
whole
Series
of
Rational
Beings
,
admire
a
Fair
Woman
;
But
also
the
very
Brutes
are
struck
with
a
profound
Amazement
at
her
Sight
:
With
Sighs
,
and
silent
Vows
,
the
Animal
Generations
pay
Homage
to
her
,
and
adore
the
stately
Idol
.
Every
Thing
in
Nature
is
enamour'd
,
and
lies
prostrate
at
her
Feet
.
She
alone
commands
the
Vniverse
.
Yet
,
after
all
,
my
Brother
,
they
have
their
dark
side
too
,
like
the
Rest
of
Mixed
Beings
.
They
are
the
Frontier-Passes
of
the
World
Above
,
and
that
Below
:
The
Gates
of
Life
and
Death
;
the
very
Avenues
to
Heaven
,
or
Hell
according
as
they
're
us'd
.
Like
Fire
they
'll
warm
and
refresh
a
Man
,
if
he
keep
at
a
due
Distance
;
but
,
if
he
approach
too
near
,
they
'll
scorch
and
blister
him
,
if
not
consume
him
quite
.
Or
,
like
that
other
Element
of
Water
,
they
're
very
good
and
serviceable
,
whilst
kept
within
their
Bounds
,
but
let
'em
once
break
down
the
Banks
of
Modesty
,
they
'll
threaten
all
with
Ruine
.
In
a
Word
,
't
is
neither
safe
to
vex
'em
in
the
least
,
or
humour
'em
too
much
.
The
Excess
of
Foudness
,
as
well
as
the
Defect
of
Natural
Love
,
may
equally
undoe
us
.
Prudent
Generosity
is
the
onely
Method
of
making
our selves
happy
in
the
Enjoyment
of
this
Sex
.
Dear
Pesteli
,
let
us
Reverence
our selves
,
and
then
we
cannot
fail
of
due
Respect
from
our
Wives
and
Concubines
.
For
,
they
love
a
Man
that
's
truely
Masculine
and
Brave
.
Paris
,
the
15th
.
of
the
10th
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
XIV
.
To
the
Same
.
JUst
as
I
'd
finish'd
t'other
Letter
,
I
was
alarm'd
afresh
with
new
Disoveries
of
Solyman's
Treachery
.
That
Barbarous
Dog
,
is
certainly
an
Imp
of
Hell
,
a
Devil
in
Human
Flesh
;
an
Adventitious
Plant
,
pluck'd
from
the
Drery
Banks
of
Phlegeton
,
or
Cocytus
,
and
engrafted
in
our
Noble
Stock
,
on
Purpose
to
ruine
and
destroy
us
.
The
whole
Tribe
is
bound
to
curse
him
with
immortal
Execrations
.
He
industriously
seeks
and
studies
all
Occasions
to
do
Mischief
.
His
Veins
sure
stream
with
fiercest
Venoms
,
rather
than
with
Human
Blood
.
The
Poyson
of
Dragons
and
Asps
is
under
his
Tongue
,
and
the
Gall
of
Crocodiles
within
his
Lips
.
His
Lungs
breath
nothing
but
Infernal
Smokes
;
the
Spirit
Negidher
times
the
Systole
and
Diastole
of
his
Heart
;
and
his
whole
Body
is
a
Den
of
Fiends
,
as
Foul
and
Black
,
as
those
which
guard
the
Throne
of
the
Great
Prince
of
Darkness
.
I
cou'd
have
easily
forgiven
his
sly
malicious
Attempts
upon
my
Life
,
and
Honour
;
his
Interloping
Tricks
and
Plots
,
his
Calumnies
and
Slanders
,
with
all
the
Train
of
his
Perfidious
Actions
:
But
,
that
he
shou'd
abuse
the
Vertuous
Fatima
,
Daughter
to
our
Uncle
Vseph
,
is
an
Injury
I
cann't
put
up
,
or
pardon
.
That
Innocent
Lady
ne'er
deserv'd
such
Cruel
Unmanly
Usage
at
his
Hands
.
The
Dregs
of
a
Thousand
bitter
Curses
be
his
Portion
to
drink
in
Hell
,
unless
he
repent
of
this
prodigious
Baseness
,
and
make
Honourable
Satisfaction
.
Thou
wilt
wonder
perhaps
,
what
is
Solyman's
Crime
,
that
fills
me
with
such
Implacable
Resentments
.
Know
then
,
that
Fatima's
Husband
,
being
call'd
to
the
Grand
Signior's
Service
in
the
Wars
of
Dalmatia
,
and
for
that
Reason
,
forc'd
to
tarry
from
her
above
these
Fourteen
Moons
;
she
entrusted
Solyman
with
an
Affair
of
grand
Importance
,
a
Matter
which
concern'd
her
Life
,
Honour
,
and
Welfare
in
the
World
.
It
seems
she
had
a
Quarrel
with
an
old
Grecian
Hag
,
who
sought
to
prostitute
her
to
the
Great
Cadi
of
Smyrna
,
where
she
lives
.
This
Grandee
had
by
a
strange
Accident
,
seen
Fatima
in
a
Bath
,
frequented
onely
by
Women
of
Quality
.
However
through
some
neglect
of
the
Servants
,
he
was
not
spy'd
himself
,
but
went
away
deeply
in
Love
.
That
Passion
,
thou
know'st
,
makes
every
Body
restless
,
that
is
tormented
with
it
.
He
knew
not
how
to
ease
himself
,
but
by
communicating
his
thoughts
to
the
fore-mention'd
Grecian
Widow
,
whom
he
had
often
made
the
Confident
of
his
Amours
.
The
thorow-pac'd
Bawd
soon
promis'd
him
Relief
,
and
that
she
wou'd
accomplish
his
Desires
.
However
she
fail'd
and
found
her self
mistaken
,
when
she
came
to
tempt
the
Inviolate
Chastity
of
Fatima
.
For
,
all
her
glittering
Promises
,
her
softest
Rhetorick
,
cou'd
ne'er
corrupt
a
Heart
establish'd
firm
in
Vertue
.
Mad
at
her
Repulse
,
she
studies
how
to
be
reveng'd
,
conceiving
it
not
impossible
to
bring
her
Designs
about
by
Violence
,
since
Fair
Perswasions
wou'd
not
do
.
She
frames
a
Formal
Accusation
against
Fatima
before
the
Cadi
,
taxing
her
with
Witchcraft
and
other
Crimes
,
upon
Oath
.
The
Cadi
having
learn'd
his
Lesson
,
wou'd
not
hear
the
Cause
in
open
Divan
;
but
pretending
Indisposition
of
Body
,
caus'd
her
to
be
brought
before
him
in
his
private
Bed
chamber
.
The
Greek
had
ready
by
her
,
several
suborn'd
Witnesses
,
to
depose
most
horrid
Things
against
the
Innocent
Woman
.
When
the
Cadi
professing
an
intire
Respect
to
Fatima's
Husband
,
seem'd
to
take
Pity
on
her
Circumstances
,
and
wav'd
the
farther
Prosecution
of
the
Cause
till
another
Time
,
keeping
Fatima
Prisoner
in
the
mean
while
in
his
own
Palace
.
All
this
was
manag'd
so
privately
,
that
no
Body
in
the
Town
took
Notice
of
it
,
save
an
Acquaintance
or
Two
of
the
Grecian
Widow
,
and
Solyman
our
worthy
Cousin
,
who
happen'd
to
be
at
Smyrna
in
this
very
Juncture
,
among
his
other
Rambles
.
Persons
in
Trouble
,
are
willing
to
fly
for
Refuge
to
any
Friend
,
desiring
their
Assistance
.
Fatima
,
all
in
Tears
at
such
an
unexpected
Change
of
her
Condition
,
had
Leisure
and
Opportunity
to
speak
to
Solyman
,
conjuring
him
to
go
to
certain
Intimate
Friends
of
our
Family
,
living
in
Aleppo
,
and
tell
them
her
Circumstances
.
Instead
of
this
,
the
Faithless
Villain
goes
to
her
Husband's
Friends
at
Tripoli
,
telling
them
the
most
shameful
and
scandalous
Things
of
Fatima
,
his
Malice
cou'd
invent
;
and
that
by
her
lewd
Courses
she
had
well-nigh
ruin'd
her
Husband
;
producing
at
the
same
Time
forged
Bills
and
Letters
as
from
him
,
whereby
he
rais'd
a
Thousand
Zequins
,
with
which
the
perjur'd
Villain
's
gone
no
Body
knows
whither
,
to
make
his
broken
Fortunes
once
again
,
and
lay
a
Foundation
for
new
Cheats
.
Whilst
the
poor
injur'd
Fatima
,
is
forc'd
to
bear
the
Reproach
and
Infamy
of
Things
whereof
she
ne'er
was
guilty
.
But
,
Time
I
hope
will
clear
her
Innocence
,
and
bring
that
Cursed
Vagabond
to
Shame
.
I
counsell'd
him
indeed
long
ago
to
travel
,
and
see
the
various
Regions
of
the
Earth
.
But
,
I
ne'er
advis'd
him
to
load
his
Soul
in
such
long
Voyages
with
the
Guilt
of
base
Ingratitude
,
barbarous
Malice
,
Perfidy
and
other
Vices
of
the
blackest
Hue.
The
smaller
Frailties
,
Stains
,
and
Blemishes
of
Human
Life
,
are
too
great
a
Burden
for
a
generous
Heart
to
bear
without
Complaints
and
Sighs
.
He
that
has
but
a
Spark
of
Vertue
in
him
,
blushes
for
every
Peccadillo
he
commits
.
If
,
tempted
by
good
Company
,
or
in
Hopes
to
banish
Melancholy
Thoughts
,
he
indulge
himself
a
larger
Draught
of
Wine
,
than
what
is
Ordinary
,
and
so
insensibly
boil
up
his
Blood
to
Irregular
Heights
and
Superfluities
,
he
's
all
this
while
no
Body's
Foe
but
his
own
:
He
plots
no
Mischief
against
his
Friend
,
Relation
,
Harmless
Neighbour
,
or
Acquaintance
.
All
the
Enmity
he
shews
is
to
himself
,
and
in
his
Cups
he
is
not
aware
of
that
.
For
which
Reason
afterwards
,
to
expiate
the
Criminal
Advances
he
made
to
self-Murder
;
he
willingly
scums
off
the
grosser
Ebullition
of
his
heated
Veins
,
in
penitent
weeping
:
A
Flood
of
Tears
runs
from
his
Eyes
,
like
generous
Libations
,
at
the
Foot
of
the
Altar
,
to
pacify
the
Wrath
of
God
;
whilst
the
lighter
Part
evaporates
in
pious
Sighs
and
Vows
.
Thus
his
Pollution
vanishes
like
Smoak
,
and
he
is
soon
made
Clean
again
.
And
so
in
other
Vices
't
is
the
same
,
with
Men
dispos'd
to
Vertue
.
They
endeavour
to
root
out
the
Evil
Habits
they
're
accustom'd
to
.
They
try
all
Ways
,
and
Stratagems
to
reform
themselves
.
But
wicked
Men
by
Inclination
,
sin
on
without
Remorse
.
They
never
study
to
retrench
the
Evils
they
commit
.
Ever
propense
to
Vice
,
they
chuse
its
ways
,
and
court
the
Opportunities
of
doing
Impious
Things
.
They
're
natively
Unjust
,
and
cannot
live
at
Ease
without
premeditated
Crimes
.
It
is
their
Element
,
to
be
projecting
Mischief
.
And
such
a
one
is
Solyman
our
Cousin
.
God
inspire
him
with
more
Grateful
Sentiments
towards
his
Friends
,
more
Natural
and
Affectionate
to
those
of
his
Blood
,
and
a
more
just
Deportment
to
all
Men
:
Or
else
may
he
be
like
Cain
,
who
for
murdering
his
Brother
was
condemn'd
to
be
a
Vagabond
on
Earth
;
and
like
Zeuli
Bazar
the
Persian
,
who
falsely
accus'd
Hosain
the
Prophet
,
and
for
that
Reason
was
troubled
with
a
Palsy
in
his
Head
as
long
as
he
liv'd
.
Paris
,
15th
.
of
the
10th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
XV.
To
the
Mufti's
Vicar
.
I
Sent
an
Account
to
the
Port
of
the
Death
of
the
late
Rumbeg
,
or
Pope
,
who
is
the
Great
Patriarch
of
the
Nazarenes
.
Now
the
Cardinals
have
chosen
another
to
succeed
him
,
whom
they
call
Clement
IX
.
A
Man
of
a
great
Character
for
Learning
and
Piety
,
and
one
from
whom
the
Franks
expect
Glorious
Things
to
be
done
for
the
Publick
Good
of
Christendom
.
These
Popes
seem
to
inherit
the
Authority
and
Honour
of
the
Ancient
Pontifex
Maximus
,
or
High-Priest
of
the
Romans
in
the
Time
of
Paganism
.
Nay
,
they
assume
a
far
more
Ample
and
Uncontroulable
Power
.
For
,
those
Gentile
Prelates
always
submitted
to
the
Imperial
Authority
,
from
which
they
receiv'd
Protection
,
and
Maintenance
.
But
,
these
Christian
Fathers
acknowledge
no
Superiour
on
Earth
.
Kings
and
Emperours
do
Homage
to
them
,
and
perform
the
meanest
Services
;
as
to
hold
the
Bason
whilst
the
Pope
washes
his
hands
;
to
hold
the
Stirrop
,
whilst
he
mounts
,
or
alights
from
off
his
Mule
.
Sometimes
Great
Princes
lead
his
Horse
by
the
Bridle
;
whilst
〈◊〉
another
Season
,
they
carry
him
on
their
Shoulders
.
'T
is
Recorded
,
that
Eumenes
,
King
〈◊〉
Pergamus
came
to
Rome
,
and
pulling
off
his
Turbant
,
humbly
laid
it
on
the
Ground
before
the
Senate
,
confessing
he
receiv'd
his
Liberty
from
them
.
And
Prusias
,
King
of
Bithynia
,
us'd
to
style
himself
the
Roman
Senate's
Slave
,
and
bow
down
to
the
Earth
before
them
.
But
,
this
is
nothing
to
the
Reverence
which
Greatest
Monarchs
pay
the
Pope
,
when
crawling
on
their
Hands
and
Knees
,
they
kiss
the
Sandal
on
his
Foot
.
He
can
make
and
depose
Kings
at
Pleasure
,
absolve
Subjects
from
their
Allegiance
;
bind
and
remit
Sins
,
open
and
shut
the
Gates
of
Paradise
,
Purgatory
and
Hell
,
or
at
least
he
endeavours
to
make
the
World
believe
so
.
He
has
Seventy
Cardinals
for
his
Assistants
,
and
Counsellors
,
all
equal
to
Princes
:
A
Hundred
and
Thirty
Archbishops
under
his
Obedience
:
A
Thousand
and
Seventeen
Bishops
:
A
Hundred
and
Forty
Four
Thousand
Monasteries
and
Religious
Houses
:
Three
Hundred
Thousand
Parishes
obeying
his
Will
,
and
yielding
Homage
to
him
.
So
that
if
he
were
resolv'd
to
carry
on
some
lasting
War
,
he
need
only
lay
an
Impost
of
Six
Crowns
a
Year
on
every
Monastery
;
and
Fifty
Two
on
every
Parish
,
and
it
would
amount
to
Sixteen
Millions
of
Crowns
yearly
Income
.
And
if
out
of
every
Monastery
,
he
chose
out
Ten
Men
,
he
wou'd
have
an
Army
of
Fourteen
Hundred
and
Forty
Thousand
Men
:
Which
is
more
than
any
Potentate
in
the
World
can
do
beside
.
Thou
wilt
say
,
't
is
a
Wonder
then
he
does
not
put
this
in
Practice
,
and
so
wage
War
with
the
Grand
Signior
,
who
has
fleec'd
him
of
so
many
flourishing
Countries
formerly
under
his
Obedience
.
O
Sacred
Oracle
of
the
Mussulmans
,
God
has
tied
up
his
Hand
;
he
cannot
do
it
.
These
are
but
Empty
Speculations
,
Impracticable
Projects
,
Phantastick
Chimaera's
.
The
mighty
Train
of
his
Archbishops
,
Bishops
,
Parish-Priests
,
with
Jesuits
,
Monks
and
Friars
,
though
never
so
willing
to
obey
his
Orders
in
such
a
Case
,
yet
cannot
stir
a
Foot
without
the
Leave
of
their
Respective
Sovereigns
.
For
,
they
are
dispers'd
through
divers
Kingdoms
,
States
and
Principalities
,
where
they
are
subject
to
the
Laws
and
Government
in
Force
.
So
that
unless
he
cou'd
unite
the
Hearts
of
all
the
Christian
Princes
one
with
another
,
and
with
his
own
,
to
undertake
so
grand
an
Expedition
,
it
is
impossible
ever
to
effect
his
Will.
Each
Nation
has
an
Interest
of
its
own
to
pursue
,
which
makes
'em
deaf
to
such
Proposals
as
may
embarass
,
if
not
ruine
them
.
No
Peter
of
the
Desart
,
rambling
up
and
down
from
Court
to
Court
,
with
his
Religious
Harangue
,
will
e'er
again
prevail
to
raise
another
Crusade
.
That
Zeal
is
out
of
Fashion
now
in
Christendom
.
Kings
in
these
later
Ages
,
have
not
half
the
Attach
and
Veneration
for
the
Pope
,
they
had
in
former
Times
.
When
Pope
Boniface
VIII
.
claim'd
a
Temporal
Jurisdiction
in
France
;
Philip
the
Fair
,
being
then
King
,
sent
him
this
short
Answer
;
Let
thy
Great
Sottishness
know
,
That
in
Temporals
we
are
subject
to
none
but
God
alone
.
And
a
French
Embassador
at
Rome
,
speaking
something
boldly
to
the
Pope
,
the
Prelate
reproach'd
him
,
That
his
Father
was
burnt
for
a
Heretick
;
whereupon
the
Embassador
gave
him
such
a
Box
o'
th'
Ear
,
that
he
fell
down
as
dead
.
But
it
was
a
tart
Message
indeed
,
which
the
Eastern
Bishops
sent
to
Pope
John
III.
who
claim'd
an
Universal
Authority
over
all
the
Churches
in
the
World
.
For
,
said
they
,
We
firmly
believe
thy
Absolute
Authority
over
thy
own
Subjects
;
but
we
who
are
not
subject
to
thee
,
cannot
bear
thy
Pride
,
nor
are
we
able
to
satiate
thy
Avarice
.
The
Devil
be
with
thee
,
and
God
with
us
.
In
a
Word
,
All
Denmark
,
Swedeland
,
Norway
,
Holland
,
England
,
Scotland
,
Geneva
,
Ireland
,
half
the
Empire
,
and
half
Suisserland
,
are
fallen
off
from
their
Obedience
to
the
Pope
within
these
Two
Hundred
Years
.
And
those
Kingdoms
and
States
which
yet
continue
under
the
Yoke
,
are
ready
to
shake
it
off
at
every
Turn
,
when
they
are
never
so
little
gaul'd
and
vex'd
.
France
,
Spain
and
Venice
,
often
huff
the
Pope
into
Compliance
with
their
Demands
.
Nor
dares
he
to
resist
,
but
winks
and
puts
up
all
,
like
an
old
decrepid
Father
,
for
whom
his
Sons
are
grown
too
strong
.
Holy
Successor
of
the
Prophet
and
Messengers
of
God
;
Thou
art
th'
Infallible
Interpreter
of
the
Law
,
and
Judge
of
Equity
,
yet
dost
not
arrogate
a
Power
above
thy
Commission
.
The
Grana
Signior
honours
thy
Wisdom
and
Sanctity
;
And
thou
obey'st
with
humble
Submission
the
Imperial
Edicts
.
He
is
thy
Lord
,
and
thou
his
Guide
and
Tutor
in
the
Way
to
Paradise
.
May
God
encrease
thy
Illuminations
with
thy
Years
,
and
inspire
me
and
all
the
True
Faithful
with
sincere
Loyalty
to
our
Sovereign
,
and
devout
Obedience
to
thee
,
without
the
least
Alloy
of
Treachery
or
Superstition
.
Paris
,
2d
.
of
the
11th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
XVI
.
To
Nathan
Ben
Saddi
,
a
Jew
at
Vienna
.
NOW
thou
seest
,
I
am
a
truer
Prophet
than
thy
New
Messias
,
that
Impostor
Sabbati
Sevi
:
And
yet
,
though
I
'm
so
in
Effect
,
I
do
not
aspire
at
the
Title
.
I
claim
no
Character
above
that
of
a
Mortal
,
who
has
not
quite
forfeited
his
Sence
and
Reason
.
However
,
if
thou
wilt
yet
retain
some
Veneration
for
his
Person
,
shew
it
by
imitating
his
Example
,
and
embrace
the
Mussulman
Faith
as
he
has
done
.
At
least
he
Outwardly
professes
it
;
and
had
the
Honour
to
do
so
first
,
in
Presence
of
the
Sultan
.
I
know
not
whether
thou
hast
heard
of
this
or
no.
Thy
Brethren
perhaps
may
be
unwilling
to
disperse
the
News
of
a
Conversion
bringing
so
much
Infamy
to
all
Your
Race
.
'T
is
possible
they
are
asham'd
to
own
or
publish
to
the
World
,
the
Tidings
of
their
own
Egregious
Folly
,
in
giving
up
their
Faith
to
such
a
Cheat
as
this
:
A
Cheat
as
one
wou'd
think
grown
stale
and
fetid
enough
,
to
make
a
man
that
had
the
smallest
Grain
of
Sence
recoil
,
considering
how
oft
your
Fathers
have
been
bubbl'd
before
by
such
Upstart
Messiasses
,
such
Spucious
Prophets
as
this
.
I
commend
the
Wit
of
Sabbati
Sevi
,
in
that
he
would
not
stand
the
Brunt
of
the
Grand
Signiors
Archers
,
or
by
a
vain
Presumption
hope
for
Miracles
from
Heaven
to
skreen
his
Naked
Body
from
a
Show'r
of
Fatal
Shafts
.
Had
he
been
so
rash
,
I
should
esteem
him
the
Greatest
Miracle
of
Stupidity
that
e'er
was
extant
on
the
Earth
.
If
thou
hast
not
been
yet
informed
of
these
Passages
,
Fame
will
quickly
bring
them
to
thy
Ears
;
and
then
my
Letter
will
not
seem
obscure
.
In
the
mean
Time
,
assure
thy self
,
he
deny'd
his
Apostleship
,
to
save
his
Life
,
and
this
before
the
Grand
Signior
,
with
the
Chief
Grandees
of
the
Court
:
Where
,
at
the
same
Time
,
he
confess'd
One
God
and
Mahomet
his
Messenger
.
If
thou
art
his
Disciple
therefore
,
thou
oughtest
to
be
stedfast
,
and
tread
in
his
Steps
,
giving
Glory
to
the
Eternal
One
who
has
sent
Prophets
into
all
Nations
,
to
lead
Men
in
the
Right
Way
,
as
he
sent
Moses
to
the
House
of
Israel
.
Nathan
,
suffer
no
Narrow
Principles
,
no
Partial
Prejudices
to
shut
up
thy
Soul
from
the
bright
Splendors
of
Immortal
Truth
,
which
shine
on
every
Man
.
The
Light
of
Heaven
is
not
confin'd
to
One
particular
Lineage
.
'T
is
Copious
,
large
and
infinite
;
spreading
abroad
its
Universal
Rays
,
enlightning
all
the
Families
and
Nations
on
Earth
.
'T
is
true
,
I
grant
,
the
Omnipotent
first
sent
Moses
with
the
Written
Law
to
the
Posterity
of
Isaac
.
Had
they
obey'd
the
Sacred
Institutions
,
't
is
possible
your
Race
had
now
been
bless'd
above
the
Rest
of
Men.
Perhaps
your
Fathers
would
have
stretch'd
their
Conquests
far
and
wide
to
the
utmost
Limits
of
the
Land
;
from
India
to
the
Western
Shores
of
Africk
,
and
from
the
Remote
Borders
of
the
South
to
Nova
Zembla
in
the
Artick
Circle
.
Then
devout
Princes
wou'd
have
travell'd
from
the
Four
Angles
of
the
World
,
and
made
long
Pilgrimages
to
Jerusalem
,
there
to
perform
their
Vows
,
and
offer
Sacrifices
to
the
King
of
Heaven
.
But
alas
your
Ancestors
turn'd
Infidels
and
Idolaters
,
even
at
the
very
Foot
of
Mount
Sinai
,
whilst
the
Tremendous
Eccho's
of
the
Thunders
yet
were
in
their
Ears
.
They
made
themselves
a
Calf
of
Gold
,
and
Ador'd
the
Idol
of
their
own
Workmanship
:
So
did
their
Children
worship
Adonis
,
Venus
,
Diana
,
and
almost
all
the
Rabble
of
the
Gentile
Gods
,
and
Goddesses
.
For
which
Reason
,
the
Wrath
of
Heaven
was
kindled
against
that
Generation
:
God
rowz'd
the
Mighty
Monarchs
of
the
East
to
take
up
Arms
and
punish
such
a
Wicked
Race
of
Men.
How
oft
was
Fair
Jerusalem
sack'd
,
and
all
the
Jews
destroy'd
or
carried
away
Captives
by
Persians
,
Medes
,
Assyrians
,
or
the
Kings
of
Babylon
?
How
many
Prophets
were
sent
to
tell
'em
of
their
Errours
and
reclaim
'em
?
But
the
Obdurate
Sons
of
Jacob
stop'd
their
Ears
,
being
resolutely
bent
on
Wickedness
;
the
Measure
of
which
being
once
complete
,
Fate
sign'd
the
Edict
of
your
Utter
Ruine
.
For
then
came
Jesus
the
Son
of
Mary
,
the
True
Messias
,
who
foretold
the
Irrevocable
Catastrophe
of
Jerusalem
,
which
came
to
pass
accordingly
in
that
very
Age
;
When
the
Victorious
Roman
Army
laid
it
all
in
Ashes
,
not
so
much
as
sparing
the
Glorious
Temple
of
Solomon
.
Ever
since
which
,
the
Jews
have
been
dispers'd
abroad
through
all
the
Earth
.
Each
Nation
,
City
,
or
Province
where
ye
live
,
account
ye
Execrable
Fugitives
and
Vagabonds
.
In
the
mean
while
,
the
Fame
of
Jesus
spread
abroad
;
his
Heavenly
Doctrine
,
perfect
Life
,
and
Mighty
Miracles
,
subdu'd
the
Hearts
of
Men.
Christianity
took
Root
i'
th'
World
:
It
grew
,
and
branch'd
it self
throughout
the
Continent
.
The
Roman
and
the
Grecian
Empires
tamely
sat
down
under
the
Church's
Shade
within
Three
Hundred
Years
;
and
quickly
after
,
other
Nations
fled
unto
the
Sacred
Shelter
.
But
in
process
of
Time
this
Religion
also
,
like
to
yours
,
degenerated
into
Error
,
Superstition
,
and
Idolatry
.
And
then
God
rais'd
up
Mahomet
,
our
Holy
Law-giver
.
He
sent
him
down
the
Book
of
Glory
by
the
Hand
of
Gabriel
;
And
commanded
him
to
teach
it
to
the
House
of
Ismael
first
,
and
then
to
all
Men
that
were
willing
to
embrace
the
Vndefiled
Faith
;
but
to
chastise
with
Fire
and
Sword
,
the
Infidels
who
shou'd
oppose
his
Mission
,
and
resist
the
Truth
.
How
soon
the
Mussulman
Law
took
Place
,
and
gained
Ground
in
Arabia
,
Persia
,
Syria
,
and
the
Adjacent
Regions
of
the
East
?
Nothing
was
able
to
stand
before
the
Warlike
Troops
of
True
Believers
.
How
Bold
and
Matchless
were
the
Actions
of
the
Valiant
Hali
?
How
wise
the
Counsels
of
Sage
Omar
,
and
Abu-Bacre
?
How
Eloquent
and
Forcible
the
Words
of
the
Chast
and
Generous
Osman
?
The
Prophet
was
happy
in
the
Company
of
all
the
Holy
Caliphs
.
They
fought
and
conquer'd
all
before
them
.
Whene'er
the
Heavenly
Banner
was
display'd
,
Trembling
and
Horrour
seiz'd
the
Infidels
.
Showers
of
successful
Arrows
streight
were
sent
,
'gainst
which
the
Vncircumcised
cou'd
not
stand
;
much
less
could
they
sustain
the
near
Approach
and
dreadful
Shock
of
our
Invlncible
Cavalry
.
Their
faint
Battalions
quickly
shrunk
and
posted
from
the
Field
;
whilst
Ours
unmindful
of
the
Spoil
,
pursu'd
the
Chace
,
and
strew'd
the
ground
with
slaughter'd
Carcasses
of
flying
Miscreants
.
Conquest
attended
the
True
Faithful
,
whene'er
they
drew
their
Swords
.
Thus
for
above
these
Thousand
Years
has
our
Religion
made
its
fortunate
Advances
on
the
Earth
:
And
it
another
Law
shou'd
be
reveal'd
,
and
some
New
Prophet
rise
to
check
the
farther
Growth
of
Mussulman
Faith
,
and
undermine
the
Empire
of
the
Faithful
;
we
ought
not
to
reflect
on
Mahomet
for
this
,
as
tho'
he
were
an
Impious
Seducer
,
any
more
than
we
do
on
Moses
for
your
Calamities
;
or
on
Jesus
the
Son
of
Mary
,
for
the
declining
State
of
Christendom
.
'T
is
not
impossible
,
but
that
the
Omnipotent
may
have
hidden
Reserves
of
Precepts
,
yet
to
be
divulg'd
.
He
has
had
his
various
Methods
and
Dispensations
in
all
Ages
and
Parts
of
the
World
.
Neither
is
it
fit
for
Mortal
Man
to
limit
the
Eternal
One
,
or
set
him
Rules
.
His
Methods
are
to
us
Incomprehensible
.
He
sent
Moses
,
a
Man
bred
up
in
all
the
Sciences
and
Wisdom
of
the
Egyptians
.
To
Jesus
he
committed
his
hidden
Power
and
Knowledge
;
and
the
Apostles
spake
all
Languages
.
But
Mahomet
cou'd
neither
Write
nor
Read
,
and
yet
thou
seest
his
Law
has
proselyted
many
Mighty
Kingdoms
,
States
,
and
Empires
.
Who
knows
,
but
that
in
Future
Times
he
will
convert
the
Apostate
World
by
some
Dumb
Person
,
who
can
neither
Hear
nor
Speak
?
Or
by
some
Blind
Man
who
cou'd
never
see
?
Or
it
is
not
Impossible
,
but
that
he
may
employ
some
Maid
of
Admirable
Beauty
,
Gifts
and
Learning
,
in
the
Mysterious
Work
.
So
were
the
Sybils
of
Old
inspir'd
with
Sacred
Wisdom
,
and
Fore-knowledge
of
Things
to
come
.
All
fill'd
with
Inward
Blasts
of
some
Immortal
Wind
,
the
pregnant
Virgins
soon
conceiv'd
deep
Mysteries
of
Fate
,
which
they
writ
down
on
Leaves
of
Trees
:
For
they
were
Eremits
,
and
Twelve
in
Number
,
as
Ancient
Records
say
.
One
of
them
liv'd
at
Cuma
in
Italy
,
where
her
Cave
is
shewn
to
Travellers
,
at
this
Day
.
They
foretold
what
should
happen
in
After
●imes
,
particularly
the
Birth
of
Jesus
th●
●…n
of
Mary
.
But
they
never
said
a
Word
〈…〉
Sevi
,
or
of
any
other
Messias
to
come
after
the
First
.
These
Holy
Maids
were
had
in
great
Veneration
by
the
,
Gentiles
,
who
gather'd
up
the
scatter'd
Leaves
whereon
they
writ
their
Prophecies
,
and
transcrib'd
them
carefully
on
Paper
;
that
so
the
Sacred
Memoirs
might
be
deliver'd
safe
down
to
Posterity
.
By
what
I
have
said
,
Nathan
,
thou
may'st
perceive
,
That
I
aim
at
nothing
else
,
but
to
wean
thee
from
the
Superstitious
fond
Conceit
of
your
Nation
;
and
to
make
thee
sensible
,
That
though
God
once
favoured
the
Jews
with
Oracles
of
Light
and
Reason
,
yet
they
have
for
many
Ages
forfeited
this
Privilege
.
Since
which
he
gave
the
Gospel
to
Jesus
the
Son
of
Mary
,
the
Alcoran
to
Mahomet
,
and
at
all
Times
has
sent
Messengers
and
Prophets
to
every
Nation
and
People
on
Earth
.
There
are
no
Partial
Byasses
in
the
Divinity
which
made
the
Worlds
.
He
is
an
Inexhaustible
Abyss
of
Love
,
of
Light
,
and
Life
;
Where
every
Creature
drinks
its
Fill
of
Natural
Happiness
,
according
to
the
different
Ranks
,
Capacities
and
Desires
of
Things
.
He
Vests
the
Sun
with
an
Immortal
Robe
of
Light
,
the
Train
of
which
is
born
up
by
the
Moon
and
Stars
.
When
Phoebus
is
upon
the
Wing
by
Day
,
his
Garment
covers
all
the
Sky
;
the
Golden
Fringes
of
it
dangle
to
this
Globe
,
and
trail
along
i'
th'
Miry
Soil
,
yet
never
gather
the
least
Speck
of
Dirt
:
They
're
dipt
and
plung'd
in
Rivers
,
Lakes
,
and
Seas
,
without
being
wet
;
and
yet
they
drink
up
all
the
Ocean
,
by
Successive
Draughts
.
This
Lower
World
rejoices
in
the
glittering
Shew
;
the
Elements
,
with
every
Being
compounded
of
them
,
bask
in
the
welcome
Rays
.
So
do
the
Planets
Above
,
who
take
a
singular
Pride
,
to
fold
some
Part
of
the
Illustrious
Dress
about
them
.
They
wrap
themselves
half
up
in
borrow'd
Light
,
and
then
like
Western
Franks
,
they
foot
it
to
and
fro'
,
in
their
beloved
Walks
Above
;
giving
the
necessary
Salutes
and
Conge's
to
each
other
,
en
Passant
,
and
to
the
Sedentary
Signs
and
Fixed
Stars
,
to
see
if
any
of
them
mind
their
Courtly
Garb
and
Mien
:
For
they
are
the
Sun
's
Domestick
Pages
,
the
Favourites
of
his
Serail
.
At
other
Seasons
they
stand
still
,
perhaps
to
gaze
upon
themselves
,
in
Contemplation
of
the
Majestick
Figure
they
make
.
So
have
I
seen
a
proud
conceited
Spanish
Trumpeter
,
after
he
'd
blown
a
Levet
pretty
well
,
lay
down
the
Silver
Instrument
with
a
Disdainful
Gravity
.
His
Cheeks
all
swoln
with
enclos'd
Air
,
and
Soul
puff'd
up
with
Arrogance
,
he
struts
and
curls
his
Black
Mustaches
.
Then
with
big
Looks
surveys
himself
from
Head
to
Foot
;
casting
an
Eye
of
Scorn
upon
the
Silent
Tube
,
conscious
that
he
alone
can
make
it
sound
so
well
.
Thou
wilt
say
I
wander
in
my
Discourse
,
as
much
as
those
Heavenly
Bodies
I
'm
speaking
of
.
'T
is
true
,
Nathan
,
our
Thoughts
are
free
,
and
not
confin'd
to
Rules
and
Forms
.
We
easily
slip
from
one
Imagination
to
another
.
And
since
I
've
made
this
Planetary
Digression
,
suffer
me
now
like
them
to
run
Retrograde
,
and
come
to
the
Point
from
which
I
rov'd
.
Doubtless
,
each
Individual
Being
is
fill'd
with
its
Essential
Blifs
.
The
Fire
has
its
Specifick
Happiness
;
so
has
the
Air
,
the
Water
,
and
the
Earth
,
with
all
the
Living
Generations
on
it
.
And
when
the
Most
High
distributed
the
Sons
of
Humane
Race
through
all
the
Various
Climates
,
Zones
,
and
Provinces
,
he
furnish'd
every
Region
of
the
Globe
with
Gifts
and
Products
,
Riches
and
Delights
Agreeable
to
the
Inhabitants
:
With
this
Proviso
,
That
they
shou'd
live
in
Innocence
,
Justice
and
according
to
Reason
.
From
which
Eternal
Law
if
any
People
swerv'd
,
they
should
forfeit
these
Privileges
,
and
be
subdu'd
if
not
extirpated
,
by
some
more
Vertuous
Nation
.
From
hence
sprung
all
the
Revolutions
of
Mighty
Kingdoms
and
Empires
;
one
successively
supplanting
another
to
this
Day
.
And
the
Sins
of
your
Nation
being
greater
,
it
seems
,
than
those
of
any
other
,
God
has
dispers'd
you
over
all
the
Earth
,
without
suffering
you
to
inherit
or
possess
a
Foot
of
Ground
.
If
ever
therefore
Fate
designs
to
restore
the
Jews
again
to
the
Holy
Land
,
wherein
their
Fathers
liv'd
;
never
expect
it
,
till
your
Erroneous
Minds
,
and
Vicious
Manners
are
reform'd
.
For
,
Palestine
was
never
seated
so
deliciously
,
for
Bloody
Zealots
,
Hypocrites
and
Cruel
Usurers
to
enjoy
.
Paris
,
the
2d
.
of
the
11th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
XVII
.
To
Dgnet
Oglou
.
DAria's
a
Quean
,
a
Gilt
,
and
I
'm
once
more
cur'd
of
my
Dotage
.
There
is
no
Trust
in
Woman's
Beauty
,
Faith
,
or
Wit.
They
are
deceitful
as
the
Fruit
of
Asphaltites
:
They
are
Perfect
Riddles
and
Paradoxes
;
and
have
more
Unlucky
Tricks
,
than
cross-grain'd
Elfes
or
Fairies
.
When
a
Man
over-heated
by
his
Amorous
Passion
thinks
to
embrace
a
Goddess
,
he
meets
with
Ixion's
Fate
,
and
only
hugs
a
gaudy
Cloud
or
Meteor
.
I
will
not
make
thee
sick
with
a
particular
Rehearsal
of
my
second
Folly
in
being
so
fond
of
one
who
had
betray'd
me
formerly
.
I
'll
not
repeat
the
vain
Addresses
I
made
,
the
Kind
obliging
Things
I
spoke
,
nor
her
deceitful
Answers
.
I
will
not
tell
thee
,
how
she
drill'd
me
on
into
her
Snares
,
and
led
me
Captive
in
an
Amorous
Circle
;
Content
thy self
to
know
,
that
I
've
been
Twice
her
Cully
;
and
if
e'er
I
am
the
Third
Time
,
't
will
be
my
own
Fault
,
as
the
Italian
says
.
No
,
my
Dgnet
,
I
've
done
with
that
False
Sex
.
Henceforth
for
ever
I
abjure
all
Amarous
Regards
of
Women
.
I
'll
shun
'em
,
as
I
would
a
Pestilence
.
I
'll
either
shut
my
Eyes
,
or
turn
'em
another
way
at
least
,
whene'er
I
meet
a
Female
.
I
will
not
think
of
them
but
with
Disdain
and
Hatred
.
Finally
,
I
'm
off
from
'em
to
all
Intents
and
Purposes
.
However
,
as
the
Arabian
Proverb
says
,
That
Wind
blows
from
an
Vnlucky
Point
o'
th'
Compass
,
which
wafts
no
Good
to
somebody
:
So
from
Daria's
False
and
Feigned
Smiles
,
I
reap
some
Benefit
.
I
've
learn'd
a
Secret
,
which
has
rid
my
Spirit
of
a
Thousand
Cares
,
Disquiets
,
and
Agonies
.
In
the
Year
1664
of
the
Christians
Hegira
,
I
sent
a
Letter
to
the
Noble
Kerker
Hassan
,
Bassa
,
our
Countryman
;
Wherein
I
inform'd
him
of
an
Assassine
made
upon
me
in
the
Dark
,
as
I
was
going
to
my
Lodgings
;
and
how
I
kill'd
the
Ruffian
that
attempted
on
my
Life
.
I
told
that
Generous
Grandee
,
all
my
Jealousies
,
and
Conjectures
on
that
Subject
;
how
I
suspected
some
of
my
Enemies
at
the
Port
,
to
have
a
Hand
in
the
Design
;
or
else
,
that
my
Sicilian
Master
was
concern'd
in
't
.
I
knew
not
well
what
to
conclude
.
But
,
now
I
'm
satisfied
't
was
Daria's
Husband
,
who
resenting
deeply
my
former
Amour
with
her
,
which
she
discover'd
to
him
at
large
,
cou'd
never
be
at
Rest
,
till
he
saw
Paris
,
where
he
design'd
to
be
the
Executioner
of
his
own
Revenge
,
and
lay
in
wait
accordingly
for
my
late
Returning
Home
:
For
he
was
not
ignorant
of
my
Lodging
.
His
Wife
knew
nothing
of
his
Design
,
he
having
pretended
other
Business
at
the
City
.
And
't
was
from
Accidental
Words
in
her
Discourse
,
that
I
collected
this
great
Secret
.
For
,
when
I
asked
her
of
her
Husband's
Health
,
she
told
me
,
he
was
kill'd
at
such
a
Time
,
by
Night
,
in
an
Alley
of
Paris
,
by
whom
she
never
yet
cou'd
learn
.
But
,
I
straight
blush'd
with
Consciousness
,
and
took
the
Hint
.
I
drop'd
some
Necessary
,
Careless
Queries
by
Degrees
:
And
all
her
Answers
still
confirm'd
me
,
as
to
Time
and
Place
,
with
other
Circumstances
,
That
he
must
be
the
Man
I
murder'd
in
my
own
Defence
,
so
long
agoe
.
I
kept
this
Secret
lock'd
up
in
my
Breast
;
nor
cou'd
my
doting
Fondness
melt
me
into
such
a
soft
and
easy
Temper
,
as
to
betray
my self
to
her
.
But
I
took
inward
Pleasure
at
the
Thoughts
of
my
Deliverance
from
that
sudden
violent
Death
;
and
from
my
After
.
Cares
and
Fears
,
by
this
Discovery
.
Henceforward
I
'll
suspect
no
Mussulman
,
though
my
Enemy
.
Nor
shall
I
be
so
fearful
of
my
Sicilian
Master
.
No
Pannick
Terrours
shall
confine
me
to
my
Chamber
,
and
make
me
spend
my
Days
in
fretting
and
consuming
Melancholy
.
I
will
not
be
surpriz'd
,
when
Strangers
knock
at
the
Gate
,
or
when
I
hear
the
Blustering
Voices
of
the
Parish
Officers
below
,
or
the
Collectors
of
the
King's
Revenues
.
Yet
,
these
before
were
dreadful
as
the
Sultan's
Attescheriff
,
or
Fatal
Warrant
,
when
he
demands
a
Bassa's
Head
.
So
forcible
is
Jealousy
,
and
suspended
Thoughtfulness
;
so
black
the
Influence
even
of
mis-grounded
.
Apprehension
and
mistaken
Guilt
.
My
Dgnet
,
This
Mortal
Life
is
a
dark
Labyrinth
of
cross
Events
.
Bewilder'd
Man
gropes
up
and
down
;
he
often
trips
and
stumbles
at
Contingencies
;
he
strays
about
in
Thorny
,
Rugged
Paths
,
not
knowing
where
he
is
,
or
which
Way
to
turn
himself
.
Sometimes
an
Ignis
Fatuus
with
its
deceitful
Light
,
mis-guides
him
into
Miry
Places
,
Fens
and
Bogs
,
where
he
's
in
Danger
of
being
swallow'd
up
;
or
leads
him
to
the
Brink
of
an
high
Precipice
,
where
if
he
advance
but
one
Step
more
,
he
's
gone
beyond
Recovery
:
He
falls
and
dashes
himself
to
pieces
,
on
under-growing
Rocks
.
Reason
is
the
only
Clew
that
can
conduct
us
safe
,
through
all
the
Windings
of
the
perillous
Maze
.
Heaven
grant
that
thou
and
I
may
ne'er
let
go
our
Hold
of
this
so
necessary
Faculty
,
untill
it
has
conducted
us
to
Paradise
.
Paris
,
the
15th
.
of
the
12th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1667.
LETTER
XVIII
.
To
the
Kaimacham
.
LAst
Year
I
gave
thee
an
Account
of
the
Birth
of
a
young
Princess
of
France
.
Now
I
shall
inform
thee
,
That
she
was
baptiz'd
on
the
21st
.
of
this
Moon
.
Baptism
with
the
Nazarenes
,
is
Equivalent
to
our
Circumcision
:
Nay
,
't
is
something
more
Divine
,
if
we
may
believe
them
.
They
call
it
the
Sacrament
of
Initiation
,
the
First
Mystery
of
Christian
Faith
.
But
,
when
't
is
apply'd
to
Children
of
Royal
Extraction
,
the
Sons
or
Daughters
of
Kings
.
it
looks
more
like
a
Ceremony
of
State
,
than
a
Mystery
of
Religion
.
However
,
be
it
what
it
will
,
't
is
perform'd
with
Abundance
of
Pomp
and
Magnificence
.
And
at
this
Ceremony
it
is
,
that
every
Christian
receives
his
Name
,
which
is
given
by
the
Godfathers
and
Godmothers
,
that
is
,
Persons
who
stand
Sureties
for
the
Child's
Education
in
the
Christian
Religion
.
This
Princess
was
nam'd
Maria
Theresa
,
by
the
Dutchess
Dowager
of
Orleans
,
and
by
the
Duke
of
Enguien
.
On
the
same
Day
the
Cardinal
Duke
of
Vendosme
had
Audience
of
the
King
and
Queen
,
in
Quality
of
Legate
de
Latere
from
the
Pope
.
It
seems
the
King
of
France
had
desir'd
the
Pope
to
stand
Godfather
to
the
Dauphin
;
which
the
good
Prelate
accepting
,
sent
this
Cardinal
as
his
Deputy
and
Representative
,
to
perform
the
Charge
.
He
is
to
give
the
Dauphin
his
Name
.
In
the
mean
while
,
he
stands
much
upon
Punctilio's
,
requires
vast
Respects
and
Submissions
from
the
French
Bishops
;
and
carries
himself
with
as
much
State
,
as
if
he
were
a
God
or
an
Angel
;
looking
as
big
,
as
if
he
were
the
Emperour
of
the
Vniverse
.
And
well
he
may
,
since
during
his
Legation
,
he
has
as
much
Power
as
the
Pope
himself
;
that
Sovereign
Prelate
,
having
invested
him
with
all
his
own
Paternal
full
Authority
;
Which
he
wou'd
make
the
World
believe
,
is
greater
than
that
of
Earthly
Kings
and
Emperours
.
And
yet
he
styles-himself
the
Servant
of
the
Servants
of
God
.
A
fine
Piece
of
Ecclesiastick
Hypocrisie
!
The
Ways
of
these
Infidels
are
double
.
Their
Practice
runs
counter
to
their
Profession
.
They
wou'd
fain
appear
as
Saints
,
when
in
Effect
they
are
little
better
than
Devils
.
There
has
been
a
great
Alteration
lately
made
in
Portugal
;
the
Estates
of
that
Nation
having
compell'd
their
King
to
renounce
his
Government
,
and
conferr
it
on
Dom
Pedro
,
his
Brother
.
The
Spaniard
laughs
at
this
privately
,
hoping
from
their
Intestine
Animosities
to
draw
Occasions
of
advancing
his
own
Interest
,
and
of
recovering
that
Crown
again
.
Accomplish'd
Minister
,
There
is
Nothing
New
under
the
Moon
;
but
a
perpetual
Circle
of
the
same
Events
.
What
we
admire
at
in
this
Age
,
as
a
Novelty
,
has
been
acted
o'er
and
o'er
in
former
Times
.
Peace
follows
War
,
and
War
treads
close
upon
the
Heels
of
Peace
.
Faith
,
Perfidy
,
Sedition
,
Obedience
,
Vertue
and
Vice
,
are
the
Reciprocal
Off
spring
of
each
other
.
There
's
nothing
fix'd
or
stable
;
but
the
World
turns
round
upon
Eternal
Vicissitudes
.
Paris
,
30th
.
of
the
1st
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1668.
LETTER
XIX
.
To
Abdel
Melec
,
Muli
Omar
,
President
of
the
College
of
Sciences
at
Fez.
I
Receiv'd
thy
Invaluable
Dispatch
,
containing
Marvellous
Things
,
Revelations
of
a
Sublime
Rank
,
Mysteries
heretofore
undiscover'd
.
Yet
I
was
not
much
surpriz'd
,
having
all
along
presag'd
some
Vast
Improvement
of
Learning
from
thy
accomplish'd
Spirit
.
O
thou
Terrestrial
Star
of
the
First
Magnitude
,
Chief
in
the
Constellations
of
the
South
!
Glory
be
to
God
,
who
from
Infinite
Darkness
started
the
Eternal
Bright
Idea's
of
the
Universe
;
and
on
the
Womb
of
Everlasting
Silence
,
begat
the
WORD
by
which
he
formed
all
Things
.
Doubtless
,
there
is
no
Blemish
in
his
Works
:
No
Botches
,
Knobs
,
or
disproportionable
Unevennesses
.
The
World
's
a
perfect
Beauty
.
Were
Ptolomy
alive
,
thy
System
of
the
Heavens
wou'd
put
him
to
the
Blush
.
And
Tycho
Brahe
wou'd
sneak
out
of
his
Planetary
Frame
,
by
some
wild
and
more
than
Eccentrick
motion
,
asham'd
that
he
had
been
such
a
Botcher
in
Astronomy
.
Copernicus
himself
wou'd
sink
under
the
Burden
of
the
Moon
,
which
the
overloaded
Earth
wou'd
in
Revenge
let
fall
upon
him
,
for
his
Unnatural
Cruelty
to
his
Aged
Mother
,
in
burdening
her
so
long
.
And
all
the
World
wou'd
celebrate
thy
Praise
,
who
hast
thus
happily
rescu'd
Heaven
and
Earth
from
their
Embarassments
.
Thy
Thoughts
are
high
and
elevated
to
the
Heaven
of
Heavens
;
yet
thy
Humility
stoops
to
the
Center
of
the
Earth
.
But
,
all
Mankind
wou'd
be
oblig'd
to
thee
afresh
,
if
thou
wou'd'st
vouchsafe
to
take
the
Middle
Path
,
and
survey
with
thy
accustom'd
Accuracy
,
the
Surface
of
this
Globe
,
whereon
we
Mortals
tread
.
Geography
,
being
already
sensible
of
her
Elder
Sister's
Happiness
,
in
thy
Correction
and
Amendments
of
the
former
Astronomick
Schemes
;
languishes
also
for
thy
Supervisal
of
her
own
Defects
and
Blemishes
.
Those
that
have
measur'd
the
Earth
,
cannot
agree
in
stating
her
Circumference
:
And
there
were
few
in
former
Times
who
did
believe
th'
Antipodes
.
The
Mussulmans
of
India
do
assert
,
that
th'
Earth's
supported
by
Eight
Mighty
Elephants
:
And
those
of
Turky
,
say
,
it
rests
upon
the
Horns
of
a
Great
Bull.
If
either
of
these
Opinions
were
to
be
taken
in
the
Literal
Sence
,
't
wou'd
put
the
dullest
Philosopher
to
Subsannation
,
or
at
least
a
Fit
of
Laughter
.
But
,
doubtless
they
are
Allegories
,
under
which
are
veil'd
some
True
and
Natural
Secrets
.
However
,
let
the
Globe
rest
where
it
will
,
on
Bulls
,
or
Bears
,
or
Elephants
;
or
Camels
,
Dromedaries
,
Horses
,
or
the
Back
of
Atlas
,
as
the
Gentiles
did
affirm
;
I
wou'd
fain
know
,
methinks
,
how
large
a
Space
of
Land
we
have
to
tread
upon
,
and
what
Proportion
is
allotted
to
the
Sea
.
'T
is
true
,
we
have
a
Common
Notion
of
Four
Quarters
of
Dry
Land
,
Asia
,
Africk
,
Europe
and
America
.
Yet
this
is
quarrell'd
at
by
those
of
Later
Times
,
who
add
a
Fifth
which
they
call
Magellanica
,
or
the
Southern
Vnknown
Earth
.
From
Immemorial
Times
,
our
Fathers
were
acquainted
with
the
Three
First
Divisions
or
Precincts
of
the
Globe
:
But
,
the
Two
Last
were
but
of
late
discover'd
,
since
the
Improvement
of
Navigation
,
and
the
Invention
of
the
Compass
.
There
is
a
Vulgar
Tradition
,
every
where
in
Vogue
,
That
after
Noah's
Flood
,
Asia
fell
to
the
Share
of
Sem
and
his
Posterity
;
Afrique
to
Cham
,
and
Europe
to
Japhet
.
Whether
this
be
true
or
no
,
cannot
be
prov'd
,
but
is
wholly
owing
to
Conjecture
.
However
,
this
is
certain
,
That
if
it
were
so
,
there
have
been
mighty
Changes
in
the
Inheritances
of
Noah's
Off-spring
;
and
Alterations
of
their
several
Limits
:
Insomuch
,
as
now
they
seem
to
be
in
Part
blended
and
mix'd
together
,
or
at
least
,
shuffl'd
from
one
to
another
.
Those
who
liv'd
in
the
Middle
Ages
,
made
but
Two
Divisions
of
the
Globe
;
Viz.
Asia
and
Europe
:
And
in
this
they
also
differ'd
:
For
,
some
made
Africk
onely
a
Province
or
Part
of
the
Former
,
perswading
themselves
that
they
were
Anciently
joined
together
,
tho
afterwards
separated
by
a
violent
Irruption
of
the
Atlantick
Sea
,
by
the
Streights
of
Gibralter
,
which
before
was
a
Narrow
Isthmus
or
Neck
of
Land
;
but
from
the
Time
that
Bank
was
washed
away
,
the
Mediterranean
Sea
deriv'd
its
Origin
.
Others
made
Africk
a
Part
of
Asia
,
they
being
not
absolutely
parted
by
any
Sea
;
though
some
Egyptian
Kings
,
and
Roman
Emperours
,
attempted
to
make
a
Canal
between
the
Mediterranean
and
Red
Sea
.
A
Third
Sort
divided
the
Known
Part
of
the
World
into
Asia
,
Europe
,
Africk
,
and
Egypt
.
Whilst
a
Fourth
plac'd
Egypt
to
the
Account
of
Asia
,
making
the
River
Nile
the
Boundary
between
it
and
Africk
.
But
this
was
Incommodious
,
in
Regard
it
left
that
of
Egypt
on
the
West
of
Nile
,
to
Africa
.
Such
was
the
Confusion
of
the
Ancient
Greek
and
Roman
Geographers
.
As
for
America
,
it
takes
its
Name
from
Americus
Vesputius
,
a
Florentine
,
who
made
the
Second
Voyage
to
discover
it
.
For
it
was
First
descry'd
by
Christopher
Columbus
,
a
Genouese
,
in
the
Year
of
the
Christian
Hegyra
1492.
by
the
Order
and
at
the
Charge
of
Ferdinand
,
King
of
Arragon
and
Castile
.
This
Part
of
the
World
is
divided
into
Two
Mighty
Empires
;
the
Northern
,
or
that
of
Mexico
;
and
the
Southern
,
or
that
of
Peru.
Magellanica
,
or
the
Southern
Vnknown
Land
,
derives
its
Name
from
Ferdinand
Magellan
,
the
First
that
e'er
discover'd
it
,
in
the
Year
1520.
when
he
sail'd
quite
round
the
Globe
.
About
Five
and
Forty
Years
afterwards
,
Francis
Drake
an
Englishman
,
touch'd
upon
the
same
Coasts
;
and
Twelve
Years
after
him
,
Thomas
Candish
,
one
of
his
Countrymen
.
Likewise
Oliver
van
Noord
,
a
Hollander
,
undertook
the
same
Voyage
.
But
none
made
such
Advances
in
this
new
Discovery
,
as
a
certain
Spaniard
,
call'd
Ferdinand
de
Quier
.
God
knows
what
strange
and
unexpected
Novelties
this
Country
might
afford
,
if
Men
were
once
acquainted
with
it
.
This
may
be
the
Sanctuary
of
the
Ten
Tribes
of
Israelites
,
which
were
led
away
Captives
by
Salmanassar
,
King
of
Assyria
.
Or
,
perhaps
,
the
Inhabitants
of
this
Country
,
are
of
another
Race
than
that
of
Noah
and
Adam
.
We
may
from
them
,
't
is
possible
,
derive
new
Lights
,
as
to
the
Pre-existence
of
Human
Souls
.
Who
knows
,
but
they
have
Records
more
Exact
and
Ancient
,
than
the
Indians
and
Chinese
?
Be
it
how
it
will
,
I
'm
clearly
for
new
Discoveries
.
There
is
a
certain
Specifick
Boldness
in
my
Spirit
,
which
prompts
me
to
invade
the
pretended
Modesty
of
Nature
:
I
long
to
furle
the
Veil
,
which
hides
so
many
Secrets
,
and
wi●h
a
Philosophick
Confidence
,
were
I
in
Power
,
I
'd
rumple
up
the
Envious
Coverings
of
such
Desirable
Wonders
.
Oh!
that
some
Godlike
Monarch
in
this
Age
,
wou'd
in
Royal
Bounty
equip
a
Navy
,
and
man
them
with
the
most
Expert
and
Resolute
Mariners
on
Earth
,
with
Vessels
to
transport
an
Army
of
Land-Soldiers
;
With
Tenders
to
carry
Meat
,
Drink
,
Apparel
,
and
other
Necessaries
for
so
vast
an
Expedition
.
Surely
,
the
Event
wou'd
answer
Expectation
;
the
Gains
wou'd
far
transcend
the
Cost
;
the
Honour
infinitely
surpass
the
Peril
;
and
all
our
Known
Familiar
World
,
wou'd
be
oblig'd
by
such
a
fortunate
Undertaking
.
Sage
Omar
,
it
depends
on
thee
to
bring
this
thing
to
pass
.
Start
but
the
Proposal
to
some
Mighty
Sovereign
;
Thy
Recommendation
will
be
of
Force
.
Thou
wilt
be
more
than
a
Columbus
,
Magellan
,
or
Pizarra
.
In
fine
,
thou
wilt
wind
up
the
Searches
of
this
Inquisitive
Age
,
and
put
a
Stop
to
future
Scrutinies
.
I
only
hint
the
Thing
;
do
thou
pursue
it
,
and
all
Generations
shall
celebrate
thy
Fame
.
God
inspire
thee
with
fresh
Ardours
.
Paris
,
7th
.
of
the
3d.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1668.
LETTER
XX.
To
Osman
Adrooneth
,
Astrologer
to
the
Sultan
,
at
Adrianople
.
OLD
Pt●lomy
was
much
out
of
his
Byass
;
his
wild
irregular
Phansy
,
drunk
with
the
Lees
of
Aristotle's
Dark
Opinion
and
Conceit
,
stumbl'd
and
fell
asleep
upon
the
Thought
of
the
Earth's
being
Center
to
the
Vniverse
,
and
then
the
Rest
of
the
World
seem'd
to
run
round
his
giddy
Head
.
He
often
strovo
to
lift
his
Heavy
Noddle
up
,
to
see
whether
it
were
so
or
not
.
But
the
besotting
Load
of
Prepossession
,
weigh'd
him
down
again
.
He
slumber'd
,
dream'd
and
snorted
loud
,
stretch'd
out
at
large
upon
the
fair
Chimaera
.
The
studious
Candidates
of
Truth
and
Science
,
by
his
Example
fell
to
the
same
Riot
in
Philosophy
,
and
continu'd
the
Debauch
for
many
Ages
:
Till
,
too
much
surfeited
and
cloy'd
with
such
a
fulsome
Entertainment
;
bold
Tycho
Brahe
rubs
up
his
Eyes
,
and
wakes
the
Company
with
a
new
System
of
the
Mighty
Frame
.
Then
all
began
to
start
,
and
rowze
,
as
at
some
Prodigy
.
His
Heavenly
Gim-cracks
pleas'd
the
Palate
of
the
Age.
His
Epicycles
,
Eccentricks
,
Perigae's
,
and
Apogae's
,
with
all
the
Rest
of
his
gay
Whim-whams
,
were
received
with
General
Applause
.
Till
the
more
Excellent
Copernicus
appear'd
with
something
Newer
still
.
And
then
the
Blundering
Dane
abash'd
,
slipt
off
the
Stage
without
so
much
as
taking
his
Leave
.
The
Astronomers
soon
fell
in
Love
,
and
pay'd
Implicite
Adoration
to
the
Idol
which
Copernicus
set
up
.
And
't
was
but
Reason
;
since
,
they
had
never
seen
a
fairer
or
a
juster
Scheme
of
the
World
before
.
Yet
every
Age
improves
it self
in
Knowledge
,
on
the
Ruines
of
the
Former
.
And
thus
,
what
Ptolomy
ne'er
found
out
,
nor
Tycho
Brahe
or
Copernicus
cou'd
mend
or
match
,
if
now
they
were
alive
;
is
very
late
discover'd
by
the
Incomparable
Abdel
Melec
Muli
Omar
,
President
of
the
College
of
Sciences
at
Fez.
The
Happy
Musu
Abu'l
Yahyan
,
Professor
of
Philosophy
there
,
first
started
the
Proposal
of
a
Mathematical
Experiment
.
And
,
laying
Heads
together
,
the
Primate
of
Moresco
Doctors
,
Father
of
all
the
African
Alfaqui's
living
,
found
a
true
Demonstration
in
it
.
I
have
lately
receiv'd
a
Dispatch
from
that
Renowned
Prelate
,
with
an
enclosed
Model
of
this
Planetary
Machine
.
A
Copy
of
which
I
send
thee
,
drawn
by
my
own
Hand
.
It
represents
the
Original
to
a
Point
.
Examine
it
well
and
thou
wilt
find
,
't
is
much
more
regular
and
exact
than
any
of
those
Antiquated
Schemes
,
and
answers
all
the
Questions
of
Astronomy
,
without
the
least
apparent
Blunder
.
Besides
,
it
has
a
perfect
Symmetry
and
Proportion
in
every
Part
:
it
makes
the
World
appear
a
compleat
Beauty
.
Whereas
the
Frame
which
Tycho
Brahe
made
,
was
all
deform'd
with
wild
Unevennesses
.
Nor
was
the
System
of
Copernicus
without
a
manifest
Botch
,
in
making
the
small
Orb
o'
th'
Moon
alone
,
to
interfere
with
that
o'
th'
Earth
:
Whilst
all
the
other
Planets
circulate
in
their
own
entire
and
solitary
Spheres
,
without
an
Interloper
to
disturb
'em
.
Besides
,
he
makes
the
Earth
an
Atlas
to
the
Moon
,
whilst
this
poor
weary
Globe
is
forc'd
,
in
his
Opinion
,
to
drudge
yearly
round
the
Zodiack
,
with
the
vast
Burden
of
Diana
on
its
Shoulders
.
If
it
be
so
,
it
is
no
wonder
that
the
Earth
so
often
faints
and
trembles
under
the
mighty
Load
.
Henceforth
we
need
not
lay
the
Blame
of
Earthquakes
to
Enceladus
,
as
if
the
drowzy
;
snoring
Gyant
,
turning
his
monstrous
Bulky
Corps
from
one
Side
to
the
other
,
were
the
Sole
Cause
of
these
Convulsions
:
When
Mortals
reel
and
stagger
as
they
walk
upon
the
Surface
;
when
Trees
and
Mountains
rock
,
as
in
a
Cradle
,
and
whole
Cities
are
sometimes
swallow'd
up
.
No
;
let
poor
Enceladus
sleep
on
,
and
take
what
Rest
he
can
in
his
Infernal
Prison
.
There
was
no
Danger
of
his
e'er
stirring
again
,
after
he
'd
once
been
thorowly
sowc'd
in
Lethe's
all-benumming
Streams
.
Copernicus
is
onely
in
the
Fault
:
Whene'er
we
feel
these
Fatal
Heavings
of
the
Globe
,
't
was
too
unmerciful
a
Task
he
impos'd
upon
it
,
especially
in
its
Old
Age.
It
wou'd
have
grumbled
in
its
early
Days
and
sturdy
Youth
,
had
it
been
thus
severely
us'd
by
Orpheus
,
Homer
,
Hermes
,
Trismegistus
,
or
any
other
of
the
Primitive
Sages
.
But
now
to
be
thus
roughly
handl'd
by
an
Upstart
Infidel
in
its
declining
Years
,
when
Three
Parts
of
its
Marrow
's
decay'd
,
and
it
s
once
potent
Nerves
and
Sinews
are
shrunk
,
its
Liver
wasted
,
and
every
Vital
dwindling
away
;
almost
broke
its
Heart
.
Therefore
these
African
Sages
,
in
Duty
to
their
aged
Mother
the
Earth
,
have
found
a
Way
to
free
her
from
the
Burden
of
the
Moon
in
her
decrepid
State
;
and
yet
to
make
the
Sun
,
the
Center
of
the
World
;
adjusting
at
the
same
Time
,
with
accurate
Laws
,
and
an
Unblemish'd
Order
,
the
Motions
,
Stations
,
and
various
Postures
of
the
Planets
.
This
Happy
Revelation
in
Astronomy
,
is
not
to
be
divulg'd
in
Publick
Writings
;
lest
some
Inquisitive
Curious
Traveller
,
Ambitious
Nazarene
or
Envious
Jew
,
shou'd
chance
to
light
upon
the
Sacred
Scheme
,
and
boast
himself
the
Inventer
of
it
.
Let
it
be
onely
communicated
to
Learned
,
Faithful
Mussulmans
,
of
the
First
Rank
:
For
,
such
Celestial
Mysteries
,
ought
not
to
be
prostituted
to
the
Vulgar
.
Tell
not
the
little
Jasmir
Sgire
Rugial
of
it
.
For
,
if
thou
dost
,
all
the
Frank
Merchants
at
Aleppo
,
soon
shall
be
made
privy
to
the
matchless
Secret
.
Be
it
a
perpetual
Arcanum
in
the
Breasts
of
Sublime
Men
,
exalted
Souls
;
Friends
of
God
,
and
little
less
than
Prophets
.
And
be
it
so
,
till
all
the
Sages
of
the
East
and
South
,
are
first
made
sensible
of
it
,
and
able
to
defend
it
,
against
the
vain
Attempts
of
the
Vncircumcised
Nation
.
Then
let
it
be
promulg'd
in
Alla's
Name
throughout
the
Globe
,
to
the
Eternal
Honour
of
God
,
and
Glory
of
his
Prophet
,
who
cou'd
neither
write
nor
read
,
yet
has
Disciples
to
whom
alone
the
purest
Reformation
of
the
Universe
is
owing
.
Do
but
survey
with
an
Indifferent
Look
,
the
last
and
loveliest
Portraicture
o'
th'
World
that
e'er
was
made
by
Man
.
Fix
thine
admiring
Eyes
on
the
Magnifick
Seat
and
Palace
of
the
Sun
.
Consider
at
the
same
Time
the
True
and
equal
Forms
,
Dimensions
,
Distances
,
and
mutual
Intersections
of
the
Ambient
Orbs
,
without
the
smallest
Blurt
or
Blot
in
all
the
Eternal
Frame
.
Then
tell
me
thy
Opinion
;
whether
thou
canst
not
Calculate
Nativities
,
erect
all
manner
of
Schemes
,
make
Almanacks
,
tell
credulous
Men
their
future
Fortunes
,
appoint
th'
Eclipses
of
the
Sun
and
Moon
,
set
Venus
and
Mercury
together
by
th'
Ears
,
or
stir
up
furious
Mars
to
make
a
Hurly-Burly
in
the
Heavens
and
Elements
:
Or
if
thou
canst
not
wheadle
the
sowr
Curmudgin
Saturn
,
into
a
soft
obliging
Humour
:
Or
fret
the
Noble
Jupiter
to
Madness
,
by
a
damn'd
Conjunction
,
with
his
Mortal
Enemy
:
And
a
Thousand
more
Astrological
Enterprizes
.
Tell
me
,
I
say
,
whether
thou
can'st
not
perform
all
this
and
more
,
as
well
by
the
enclos'd
Effigies
of
the
World
;
as
by
the
old
Thread-bare
,
Weather
beaten
,
Worm-eaten
,
Italian
Clock-work
of
Ptolomy
;
or
the
later
Inventions
of
Tycho
Brahe
,
and
Copernicus
.
It
will
no
now
longer
be
a
Secret
,
how
those
Birds
dispose
themselves
,
which
at
a
certain
Time
o'
th'
Year
,
are
seen
to
gather
in
mighty
Troops
,
and
fly
directly
upward
out
of
Humane
Sight
:
not
one
of
the
whole
Species
being
left
behind
,
or
found
on
any
Part
o'
th'
Earth
,
until
the
Moon
has
rowl'd
full
six
Times
round
the
Zodiack
:
When
they
return
again
in
equal
Companies
unto
this
Globe
,
each
Species
to
its
Native
Region
.
For
th'
Intelligent
Fowls
exactly
know
the
Hour
in
which
the
Earth
does
in
its
Yearly
Circulation
intersect
the
Neighbouring
Orb
o'
th'
Moon
,
and
then
they
Snatch
the
Opportunity
to
quit
th'
Attractive
Atmosphere
,
and
take
the
Air
of
that
Adjacent
Planet
.
I
have
a
great
deal
more
to
say
on
this
Subject
,
which
I
will
reserve
for
another
Letter
.
In
the
mean
Time
,
thou
Venerable
Star-gazer
,
adieu
,
and
remember
to
be
private
.
Paris
,
7th
of
the
3d
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1668.
LETTER
XXI
.
To
the
Venerable
Mufti
,
Principal
Support
of
Learning
and
true
Science
.
THE
Orders
of
thy
Sanctity
,
came
like
a
Message
from
Heaven
,
surprizing
me
at
once
,
with
equal
Pleasure
and
Astonishment
,
Every
Line
encreas'd
my
Rapture
.
And
now
I
thought
,
I
had
no
more
to
wish
for
in
the
World
,
since
the
Great
Patriarch
of
the
Faithful
,
had
condescended
to
imbrace
the
Advice
of
so
mean
a
Slave
as
Mahmut
.
It
has
been
my
passionate
Desire
,
to
see
Knowledge
flourish
in
the
Renowned
Ottoman
Empire
,
that
the
Infidels
may
no
longer
reproach
us
with
Ignorance
and
Barbarism
.
This
was
the
Reason
,
that
I
so
often
importun'd
thy
Predecessor
,
to
encourage
the
Translation
of
Histories
into
the
Turkish
Language
.
Now
thou
art
pleas'd
to
begin
this
Glorious
Work
,
and
to
honour
me
,
by
requiring
my
Instructions
in
the
Management
of
it
.
Nay
,
thou
hast
commanded
me
,
to
lay
the
Foundation
of
so
Illustrious
an
Enterprize
,
in
presenting
thee
a
Pattern
or
Model
of
this
Great
Work
,
containing
an
Historical
Epitome
of
the
Four
Great
Monarchies
,
with
a
brief
Series
of
the
most
Remarkable
and
Famous
Transactions
,
Changes
,
and
other
Events
in
the
World
,
with
Reference
to
the
Nation
and
Age
wherein
they
happen'd
.
As
to
the
Advice
thou
demandest
of
me
,
I
think
it
wou'd
be
for
the
Honour
and
Benefit
of
the
Mussulmans
,
That
a
Complete
History
of
the
World
,
should
be
collected
out
of
the
most
Ancient
and
Sincere
Writers
,
and
digested
into
Annals
,
from
the
very
Beginning
of
Time
,
down
to
the
Reign
of
our
present
Emperour
,
the
August
Sovereign
of
the
Whole
Earth
:
That
so
,
whatsoever
has
been
done
on
Earth
worthy
of
Memory
,
may
be
rank'd
in
its
proper
Time
and
Place
;
and
we
may
not
grope
any
longer
in
the
Dark
,
when
we
would
know
,
in
what
Year
or
Age
any
Famous
Warriour
or
Monarch
liv'd
or
died
;
or
,
when
any
renowned
City
was
built
,
besieg'd
,
taken
,
and
destroy'd
,
and
by
whom
all
these
Things
were
done
:
With
many
other
useful
Memoirs
,
in
which
the
Ottomans
are
now
wanting
.
In
the
Beginning
of
this
Work
,
it
will
be
absolutely
necessary
,
to
have
Recourse
to
the
Chronicles
of
the
Indians
,
Persians
and
Egyptians
,
and
to
the
Writings
of
Orpheus
,
Homer
,
Thales
,
Zeno
,
and
others
of
Greece
,
Phoenicia
and
Thrace
.
For
,
though
the
Nazarenes
of
the
West
,
despise
the
Authority
of
these
Authors
,
and
calumniate
all
for
Fables
and
Romances
which
was
deliver'd
before
the
First
Olympiad
;
yet
,
the
more
Impartial
Inhabitants
of
the
East
,
whether
Christians
or
Mussulmans
,
reject
Nothing
which
has
the
undoubted
Stamp
of
Antiquity
;
but
rather
seek
to
unriddle
the
Mysterious
Expressions
of
the
Poets
and
Philosophers
,
who
strove
industriously
to
cover
all
their
Knowledge
and
Traditions
under
dark
Aenigma's
,
Figures
,
and
Parables
,
that
so
the
Divine
Secrets
of
Antiquity
might
not
be
prophan'd
,
by
the
Rude
and
Unpolish'd
Vulgar
.
It
was
ever
the
Maxim
of
some
Ancient
Sages
and
Politicians
,
thus
to
keep
the
People
in
Ignorance
of
past
Times
;
the
better
to
assure
their
Dominion
and
Authority
over
them
.
They
onely
reveal'd
what
was
obvious
to
every
Man's
Sence
,
the
manifest
and
visible
Influences
of
the
Heavenly
Bodies
,
the
Course
of
the
Sun
,
Moon
and
Stars
,
the
Natures
of
Plants
and
Animals
,
with
whatsoever
else
was
lyable
to
any
Man's
Eye
and
Apprehension
.
But
as
to
the
more
obstruse
and
less
.
Conspicuous
Works
of
Nature
,
they
were
like
the
Secrets
of
State
,
kept
under
a
Veil
.
Yet
,
there
wanted
not
Men
of
Wisdom
in
other
Parts
of
the
World
,
who
strove
to
unfold
all
Things
,
and
render
Mankind
familiar
with
whatsoever
fell
under
humane
Intellect
.
Among
these
,
the
Indians
and
Chineses
deserve
the
first
Place
,
who
were
never
covetous
of
the
Gifts
of
Nature
,
but
sought
to
improve
all
those
of
their
Nations
in
the
Knowledge
of
the
Arts
and
Sciences
;
and
especially
,
in
the
System
of
Ancient
History
.
These
People
,
shut
up
themselves
from
the
Rest
of
the
World
for
many
Ages
;
fearing
,
lest
Commerce
might
corrupt
the
Simplicity
of
their
Primitive
Laws
and
Institutions
.
Only
Alexander
the
Great
,
and
before
him
,
Semiramis
Queen
of
the
Assyrians
,
had
ever
Access
to
the
Indies
in
Old
Time
.
And
China
was
never
open
till
of
late
,
when
their
too
potent
Neighbours
the
Tartars
,
broke
through
their
famous
Wall
,
and
subdu'd
the
whole
Empire
.
And
their
Business
was
not
with
Books
,
but
with
Men.
For
these
Reasons
we
need
not
wonder
,
that
the
Indian
Brachmans
and
the
Bonzi's
of
China
,
deliver
an
Account
of
the
Origin
of
the
World
,
and
the
next
succeeding
Ages
so
far
beyond
the
Epocha's
of
all
other
Historians
,
especially
these
in
the
West
.
For
Events
of
later
Date
,
the
Compilers
of
this
Work
may
make
Use
of
such
Historians
,
as
have
written
the
Annals
of
several
Nations
since
the
First
Olympiad
.
If
thou
knowst
not
what
an
Olympiad
means
,
't
is
the
Form
of
Computation
us'd
in
the
Ancient
Graecian
Hegyra
,
every
Olympiad
containing
Four
Years
.
And
the
first
of
these
Olympiads
began
in
the
Year
of
the
World
3228.
At
which
Time
Choraebus
of
Elis
,
signaliz'd
himself-by
winning
the
First
Race
that
ever
was
run
at
the
Olympick
Games
.
These
Games
were
celebrated
every
Olympiad
;
and
all
the
Youth
of
Greece
flock'd
to
them
,
to
try
their
Skill
in
Running
,
Wrestling
,
and
other
manly
Exercises
.
About
this
Time
Historians
began
to
write
Partially
,
and
the
Truth
cou'd
hardly
be
discern'd
from
the
Fabulous
Errours
with
which
it
was
Adulterated
.
Yet
this
rather
proceeded
from
a
National
Emulation
,
than
from
a
Design
to
corrupt
the
Ancient
Belief
.
However
,
thou
mayst
give
Credit
to
Thucidydes
,
who
in
the
86th
.
Olympiad
began
to
write
his
History
of
the
War
in
Peloponesus
,
between
the
Lacaedemonians
and
those
of
Athens
;
which
War
continu'd
One
and
Twenty
Years
,
as
that
Author
testifies
,
who
wrote
Annals
of
it
from
the
Beginning
to
the
End
.
And
among
other
Remarkable
Passages
,
which
he
is
very
exact
in
recounting
,
he
mentions
a
famous
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
that
happen'd
in
the
First
Year
of
that
War
,
and
was
so
great
that
the
Stars
appear'd
at
Noon
day
in
the
Sky
.
Plutarch
also
speaks
of
this
Eclipse
,
telling
us
,
that
Pericles
,
Prince
of
the
Athenians
,
being
at
Sea
when
the
Sun
was
thus
darken'd
,
and
perceiving
the
Master
of
the
Vessel
in
a
great
Fright
,
as
at
some
Prodigy
;
he
threw
his
Cloak
over
the
Man's
Face
,
and
ask'd
him
,
If
he
was
afraid
of
that
,
or
look'd
upon
it
as
a
had
Omen
?
And
when
the
Master
answer'd
,
No
;
Pericles
reply'd
,
What
Difference
is
there
between
this
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
and
that
,
since
both
are
caus'd
by
the
Interposition
of
a
Veil
between
the
Sun
and
thine
Eyes
;
onely
that
Veil
is
larger
than
my
Cloak
,
it
being
the
Moon
which
covers
that
glorious
Lamp
from
our
Sight
?
Much
about
the
same
Time
liv'd
Herodotus
and
Hellanicus
,
two
famous
Historians
,
Men
of
Integrity
and
Credit
,
and
Hypocrates
the
Renowned
Physician
of
Athens
.
These
are
worthy
to
be
translated
into
the
Turkish
Language
,
as
are
also
Exnophon
and
Polybius
,
who
wrote
after
them
.
They
all
,
except
the
last
,
liv'd
in
the
Time
of
the
Persian
Monarchy
,
and
therefore
are
most
likely
to
deliver
down
a
true
Account
of
the
Memorable
Events
that
happen'd
during
that
formidable
Empire
.
As
for
the
Macedonian
Monarchy
,
the
most
Eminent
Writers
were
Curtius
,
Arrianus
,
Diodorus
Siculus
;
but
this
last
is
frequently
mistasten
in
his
Chronology
,
and
therefore
ought
to
be
corrected
by
the
Others
.
Plutarch
also
must
be
consulted
,
and
Josephus
the
Jew
;
with
Strabo
,
Appian
,
Livy
,
Justin
and
Pausanias
.
For
they
either
serve
to
illustrate
one
another
,
where
they
treat
of
the
same
Matters
,
or
else
the
one
carries
on
the
Thread
of
History
where
the
other
left
off
.
And
therefore
thou
needest
not
wonder
that
I
name
so
many
Authors
,
since
they
are
worthy
of
Credit
,
and
absolutely
necessary
to
the
completing
an
intire
History
of
the
World
:
Whereas
there
are
a
Rabble
of
other
Writers
,
who
are
scarce
worth
the
Naming
;
much
less
their
Authority
to
be
trusted
to
,
in
compiling
an
Universal
History
,
which
is
to
give
a
new
Lustre
to
the
Ottoman
Empire
,
and
raise
its
Credit
in
the
Learned
World
.
As
for
the
Roman
Empire
,
it
will
be
necessary
to
make
Use
of
Josephus
,
Tacitus
,
Suetonius
,
Philo
,
Xiphilus
,
Zonaras
,
Ammianus
Marcellinus
,
Velleius
Paterculus
,
Seneca
,
Florus
,
Livy
and
Suidas
.
These
will
be
sufficient
Materials
,
with
which
the
Translators
,
Scribes
and
Compilers
may
accomplish
this
Illustrious
Undertaking
;
the
Encouragement
whereof
I
again
earnestly
recommend
to
thy
Liberality
and
Munificence
.
What
concerns
the
Injunction
thou
hast
laid
on
me
,
to
draw
a
Pattern
or
Model
of
this
Great
Work
,
in
presenting
thee
with
a
Brief
Abstract
of
the
Rise
and
Fall
of
the
Four
Monarchies
,
with
such
Memorable
Events
as
will
be
proper
to
direct
the
Undertakers
in
the
Method
of
digesting
this
Universal
History
;
I
will
reserve
it
for
another
Letter
,
not
having
those
Books
by
me
which
are
requisite
to
assist
me
in
this
Affair
.
In
the
mean
Time
,
I
pray
Heaven
,
prosper
this
Noble
Enterprize
,
and
grant
that
thou
mayst
live
the
Space
of
many
,
Olympiads
,
to
see
the
Effect
of
thy
Bounty
;
When
this
Universal
History
being
finish'd
,
shall
instruct
the
Mussulmans
,
and
defeat
the
Calumnies
of
the
Vncircumcised
.
Paris
,
2d
.
of
the
5th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1668.
The
End
of
the
First
Book
.
LETTERS
Writ
by
A
Spy
at
PARIS
.
VOL.
VII
.
BOOK
II.
LETTER
I.
To
Mehement
,
an
Exil'd
Eunuch
,
at
Alcair
in
Egypt
.
THY
Sufferings
pierce
my
Heart
:
I
owe
thee
Pity
on
the
Score
of
Humane
Nature
;
and
a
more
Compassion
as
thou
art
a
Mussulman
:
But
,
where
's
the
Tongue
or
Pen
,
that
can
describe
the
Sympathy
of
Friends
?
Canst
thou
in
a
desponding
Manner
cast
thy self
upon
thy
Bed
,
there
to
exhale
,
in
Melancholy
Sighs
,
that
pungent
Sorrow
,
which
can
find
no
other
Vent
,
unless
those
Vapours
of
the
Spleen
condense
to
Show'rs
of
Tears
?
Canst
thou
do
this
,
and
I
remain
Insensible
all
the
while
?
No!
I
in
a
perfect
Eccho
to
thy
saddest
Groans
.
And
when
thou
weep'st
,
my
Heart
is
not
a
Stone
,
that
spatters
back
again
the
Drops
that
fall
on
it
;
but
't
is
like
Clay
,
that
softens
with
the
Gentle
Solemn
Distillation
.
Believe
that
I
sweat
Blood
,
when
thou
dissolv'st
in
Tears
.
I
am
not
capable
of
Moderation
toward
my
Friend
.
My
Love
,
my
Joy
,
my
Grief
,
and
Anger
,
are
all
Excessive
,
when
such
a
one
as
thou
occasion'st
them
.
'T
is
equal
Pleasure
to
live
or
die
,
in
this
Magnetick
Point
:
For
,
Souls
of
Friends
are
perfect
Vnisons
.
Then
,
if
thou
hast
a
Spark
of
Love
for
Mahmut
,
do
not
kill
me
with
thy
sad
Complaints
.
For
,
whilst
I
hear
,
that
thou
art
thus
abandon'd
to
Misfortune
and
Despasr
,
how
can
I
live
without
perpetual
Deaths
,
more
Terrible
than
what
we
all
must
undergo
,
by
the
Course
of
Nature
?
Dost
thou
delight
to
make
a
Constant
Martyr
of
me
?
Thou
'rt
bred
a
Courtier
,
and
so
was
I
:
Our
Infant
Blood
was
season'd
with
the
Grand
Signior's
.
Bread
and
Salt
:
We
equally
imbib'd
the
Manners
,
Habits
,
Customs
,
Maxims
,
and
the
Pride
of
the
Seraill
'
;
with
the
Pillow
,
the
Milk
,
Sorbets
,
and
other
Nourishment
of
our
Early
Years
.
Since
which
we
have
seen
the
various
Revolutions
of
Mighty
Kingdoms
,
States
and
Empires
.
We
have
beheld
the
Invincible
Emperour
of
China
fall
a
Victim
to
the
Perfidy
of
his
Slaves
,
and
to
the
more
propitious
Fortune
of
the
Tartars
.
After
another
Manner
was
the
Glory
of
the
British
Monarchy
eclips'd
.
But
,
no
foreign
Story
can
match
the
Barbarous
Massacres
of
our
Majestick
Sultans
,
Mustapha
,
Osman
,
and
Ibrahim
,
all
within
our
Memory
.
Oh!
Mehemet
,
we
have
liv'd
too
long
,
after
these
Spoils
of
Royal
Blood
.
How
can
we
repine
at
our
own
Private
Losses
and
Afflictions
,
whilst
we
do
but
sip
the
Flat
Insipid
Reliques
of
those
Tragical
,
sprightly
Potions
,
brew'd
for
the
Palates
of
the
Greatest
Princes
.
Henceforth
,
let
's
live
,
as
if
we
were
among
the
Dead
.
Let
's
hear
,
and
see
,
feel
,
taste
,
and
smell
these
Outward
Objects
en
passant
,
without
being
sensible
what
we
do
or
suffer
.
Let
us
Anticipate
,
by
a
wise
Prevention
,
the
last
Stroke
of
Death
,
in
dying
every
Moment
.
Go
to
the
Pyramids
,
my
Mehemet
,
or
would
to
God
I
cou'd
go
thither
for
thee
;
there
to
Contemplate
the
Fate
of
Humane
Glory
,
the
Mock
Grandeur
of
this
World
.
Consider
all
the
Race
of
the
Egyptian
Kings
,
who
built
these
Costly
and
Magnificent
Structures
,
or
their
Fathers
for
'em
:
Who
fill'd
the
Hollow
Piles
with
Silver
,
Gold
and
Precious
Stones
:
Whilst
,
with
their
Magick
Laws
,
they
listed
Legions
of
Spirits
,
dwelling
in
the
Air
,
Fire
,
Earth
and
Water
,
obliging
them
to
guard
the
Wealthy
Sepulchers
:
And
tell
me
then
,
what
thou
can'st
find
in
those
superannuated
Vaults
?
Nothing
,
but
Stench
and
Darkness
.
Old
Time
has
filch'd
away
the
slighter
Glory
's
of
the
Place
;
and
his
Younger
Brother
Avarice
,
has
plunder'd
all
the
Rest
,
which
was
the
more
Substantial
Part.
He
cou'd
have
done
no
less
in
Common
good
Manners
,
than
take
the
Leavings
of
the
Heir
;
the
Elder
of
the
Two
.
The
Great
Al
Maimun
thought
to
have
the
Gleanings
of
their
Harvest
;
but
he
found
,
the
Gain
wou'd
ne'er
exceed
the
Cost
.
But
,
what
's
become
of
all
the
Founders
of
these
Astonishing
Fabricks
?
Look
in
the
Tomb
of
Cheops
,
who
is
suppos'd
to
build
the
Greatest
of
the
Pyramids
;
and
thou
wilt
find
,
not
the
least
Relique
of
his
Ashes
:
Or
,
if
thou
should'st
't
will
be
Impossible
to
distinguish
them
,
from
the
Common
Dust
of
other
Mortals
,
tho'
his
Meanest
Slaves
:
So
Mutable
is
Human
Glory
;
So
Inconstant
all
the
Smiles
of
Fortune
.
Do
but
reflect
on
all
the
Glorious
Conquests
of
Alexander
the
Great
,
and
on
the
Triumphant
Entry
he
made
in
Babylon
,
when
the
Chariot
which
carry'd
him
,
was
an
Epitome
of
all
the
Riches
which
the
Indies
cou'd
afford
;
and
yet
that
Chariot
ought
to
be
esteem'd
but
one
Degree
before
his
Hearse
,
which
in
a
very
few
Days
,
with
an
Obscurity
beneath
the
Merits
of
so
great
a
Victor
,
convey'd
him
to
his
Grave
.
Consider
Caesar
,
who
after
Four
and
Twenty
Battels
,
wherein
he
always
got
the
Day
,
was
drawn
in
a
triumphant
Chariot
to
the
Capitol
,
by
Forty
Elephants
;
yet
now
his
Name
is
hardly
thought
of
.
So
Epaminondas
thought
to
outvye
the
world
in
his
Magnificent
Insults
;
yet
all
this
Glorious
Pageantry
ended
in
Dust
and
Ashes
.
Aurelian
led
the
Graces
Captive
with
Zenobia
;
yet
he
himself
at
last
became
the
Prisoner
of
Death
.
The
Pompous
Galley
of
Cleopatra
,
when
she
Celebrated
the
Cilician
Triumph
,
serv'd
but
to
mend
the
Poop
of
Charon's
Boat
,
when
she
was
to
be
ferry'd
to
Elyzium
.
So
the
Proud
Sesostris
,
whose
Coach
was
drawn
by
Four
Vanquish'd
Kings
,
at
last
was
fain
to
owe
his
Uncouth
Funeral
to
Four
Sordid
Slaves
,
who
stole
his
Naked
Corps
away
from
the
Design'd
Revenge
of
Factious
Eunuchs
,
and
buryed
it
in
a
Heap
of
Camel's
Dung.
But
,
where
's
the
Pen
or
Pencil
that
will
to
the
Life
describe
the
Unmatch'd
Cavalcade
of
Pompey
,
when
by
a
prosperous
Chymistry
he
had
extracted
all
the
Richest
Spirits
and
Essences
of
Eastern
wealth
,
to
grace
his
Entry
into
Rome
?
The
Front
of
the
Procession
dazl'd
every
Eye
,
with
the
strange
Lustre
of
Diamonds
and
Carbuncles
mix'd
in
chequer-wise
:
An
Orental
Figure
,
or
rather
the
Substance
of
all
Asia
,
in
Epitome
.
Then
follow'd
the
Image
of
the
Crescent
Moon
in
massy
Gold
,
with
a
Train
of
Mountains
of
the
same
Metal
,
whereon
were
Woods
of
Jet
,
Vines
whose
Grapes
were
entire
Saphires
,
and
Animals
all
of
Porphyry
,
Grazing
on
Fields
of
verdant
Amethysts
.
To
sanctify
this
Glorious
Shew
,
the
Golden
Images
of
Jupiter
,
Mars
,
and
Pallas
,
came
next
in
Sight
,
with
Thirty
Crowns
of
Gold
,
born
up
by
the
Chief
Captains
of
his
Army
,
as
if
so
many
Kingdoms
were
design'd
for
their
Rewards
.
And
because
Gods
and
Goddesses
should
not
want
a
Temple
,
Five
Hundred
Slaves
bore
up
a
Fane
,
built
all
of
Massy
Silver
,
washed
with
Gold
.
And
at
the
Back
of
this
,
appear'd
the
Statue
of
the
Conqueror
,
on
which
no
Eye
cou'd
fix
,
being
crusted
o'er
with
Hyacinths
and
Pearls
.
Behold
,
my
Mehmet
,
an
Exuberance
of
Humane
Glory
:
Yet
wonder
not
to
see
a
Man
come
after
all
;
a
Mortal
Man
,
I
say
,
made
Radiant
as
the
Sun
,
with
borrow'd
Jewels
.
And
to
complete
his
fading
Triumph
,
read
these
Letters
,
all
pure
Jaspers
,
on
his
Chariot-Wheels
:
Armenia
,
Cappadocia
,
Paphlagonia
,
Media
,
Colchis
,
Syria
,
Cilicia
,
Mesopotamia
,
Phoenicia
,
Paelestine
,
India
,
and
the
Desarts
of
Arabia
.
All
these
were
the
Conquests
of
this
Triumphant
Warriour
,
and
yet
his
Destiny
Insulted
over
him
.
Poor
Pompey
thou
art
gone
,
and
all
thy
Mighty
Territories
in
the
East
,
are
now
possess'd
by
Sultan
Mahomet
our
Glorious
Sovereign
.
And
what
need
thou
and
I
repine
,
after
we
have
seen
all
this
?
Let
Asdrubal
astonish
Carthage
with
the
Glory
of
Four
Publick
Triumphs
:
Yet
that
Theatre
of
his
Honour
quickly
proves
the
Stage
whereon
he
was
degraded
,
stript
stark
naked
,
and
in
Triumph
led
away
by
Death
.
So
Marius
,
after
he
had
been
exalted
to
the
Top
of
Human
Felicity
on
Earth
,
was
seen
all
naked
lying
in
a
stinking
Ditch
.
What
is
become
of
Nero's
Silver
Gallery
in
the
Capitol
?
Or
the
pendant
Gardens
of
Semiramis
,
which
cost
no
less
than
Twenty
Millions
of
Gold
?
Where
is
now
the
Glittering
Hall
of
Atabalipa
,
King
of
Peru
,
whose
Pavement
was
of
Saphires
?
Or
the
Gardens
of
Cyrus
,
fenc'd
round
with
Pales
of
Gold
?
Or
Caesar's
Fountains
garnish'd
with
Dryads
of
the
same
Metal
?
Where
is
the
Ivory
Palace
of
Melaus
,
or
the
Crystal
Louvre
of
Drusus
?
All
these
Things
are
vanish'd
with
their
Founders
.
How
Wise
and
Happy
then
was
Saladine
,
the
Great
and
most
Invincible
Conquerour
of
Asia
,
who
Triumph'd
o'er
himself
;
and
in
his
Victorious
Return
,
caus'd
a
Shirt
to
be
carryed
before
him
on
the
Point
of
a
Spear
,
with
this
Proclamation
:
That
after
all
his
Glories
,
he
should
carry
nothing
to
the
Grave
but
that
poor
Shirt
?
So
Adrian
a
Roman
Emperour
,
to
qualify
the
excessive
Joys
of
his
High
Fortune
,
Celebrated
his
own
Funeral
,
and
caus'd
his
Coffin
to
be
born
before
him
,
when
he
was
to
make
a
Publick
Cavalcade
through
Rome
.
This
was
a
sacred
Triumph
,
an
Heroick
Insult
over
himself
and
Death
.
Let
thou
and
I
,
my
Friend
,
imitate
these
sage
Examples
,
and
ever
have
the
Image
of
Death
before
our
Eyes
.
Then
we
shall
never
mourn
,
for
the
vain
Trifles
we
have
lost
,
or
covet
what
we
ne'er
enjoy'd
:
But
being
ever
content
with
what
our
Destiny
allots
us
,
shall
pass
our
Time
away
in
a
Divine
Tranquility
.
Mehemet
,
thou
'lt
find
this
to
be
a
Profitable
and
True
Experiment
.
Try
it
,
and
the
Issue
will
convince
thee
more
than
a
Thousand
Counsellors
.
Paris
,
12th
.
of
the
5th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1668.
LETTER
II.
To
Mohammed
,
the
Illustrious
Eremit
of
Mount
Vriel
in
Arabia
the
Happy
.
I
Lodge
in
a
House
near
the
Wall
of
Paris
,
which
gives
me
a
daily
Opportunity
of
surveying
out
of
my
Window
,
the
Adjasent
Fields
:
These
extend
themselves
in
a
Plain
,
for
the
Space
of
a
League
,
or
thereabouts
;
And
then
the
Eye
is
arrested
by
a
long
Ridge
of
Rising
Ground
,
a
Row
of
Hills
or
Hillocks
,
not
meriting
the
Lofty
Name
of
Mountains
,
yet
high
enough
to
put
a
Valley
out
of
shape
,
and
make
th'
Horizon
crump-back'd
.
Those
Hills
are
cover'd
thick
with
Woods
and
Groves
;
amongst
whose
verdant
,
shady
Tops
,
some
Stately
Palaces
lift
up
their
glittering
Crests
,
and
make
a
Sociable
pleasant
Figure
in
those
Solitudes
.
This
Prospect
represents
so
much
to
th'
Life
,
the
Valley
of
Admoim
in
Arabia
,
the
Place
of
my
Nativity
,
that
I
cou'd
as
well
grasp
Coals
of
Fire
with
naked
Hand
,
and
not
be
burnt
;
as
cast
my
Eye
out
of
my
Window
,
on
this
lovely
Landskip
,
and
not
be
inflam'd
with
secret
passions
for
my
Native
Soil
,
the
Place
where
I
first
drew
the
Vital
Air.
It
is
a
perfect
Magnet
to
my
Spirit
,
wheresoever
I
am
;
attracting
all
my
Wishes
,
Inclinations
,
and
Desires
.
Methinks
,
the
Eastern
Winds
at
certain
Hours
,
waft
to
my
ravish'd
Ears
,
the
Whispers
of
my
Countrymen
.
Methinks
,
sometimes
I
see
the
Faces
of
my
Kindred
,
and
their
Rural
Train
;
I
hear
their
Voices
,
and
converse
familiarly
with
them
,
as
tho'
they
were
present
:
Such
is
the
Magick
of
strong
Desire
and
Sympathy
.
It
steals
the
Soul
away
from
it self
,
and
with
sweet
Violence
unites
it
to
the
belov'd
Object
,
tho'
at
never
so
great
a
Distance
.
Thus
when
my
wandering
Thoughts
have
taken
up
their
Residence
for
a
while
in
that
delicious
Vale
where
I
was
born
,
a
far
more
powerfull
Magnet
,
draws
'em
to
thy
Cave
;
Mysterious
Solitary
,
Mirrour
of
Virtues
,
Exemplary
Guide
of
such
as
consecrate
themselves
to
God
.
Glory
to
Him
that
was
before
All
Time
,
the
Father
of
Eternal
Ages
.
He
changes
not
,
yet
is
the
Source
of
Indefatigable
and
unwearied
Revolutions
.
He
is
the
only
Independent
,
True
,
and
self-Existent
Being
;
The
Increated
Essence
from
whom
all
other
Beings
derive
their
Origin
and
Conservation
.
He
is
the
Prop
and
Basis
of
the
Vniverse
.
He
is
but
One
,
the
Primitive
Vnity
,
and
cannot
be
divided
into
Fractions
;
yet
every
Species
,
and
Individual
Being
i'
th
World
participates
a
Share
of
his
Divinity
.
Immortal
Praises
exhale
from
all
his
Creatures
,
and
ascend
like
Clouds
of
Incense
before
the
Throne
of
his
Adorable
Majesty
;
or
like
Vapours
which
the
grateful
Earth
returns
in
a
hot
Summers
Day
,
by
way
of
acknowledgment
,
for
the
Benefits
perpetually
flowing
on
her
from
the
Sun
.
So
all
the
Elements
respire
their
Thanks
to
Him
that
made
'em
.
The
Firmament
expands
its
selfe
,
and
bows
'
down
to
the
Brims
of
this
low
Globe
:
Sun
Moon
and
Stars
,
do
stoop
and
kiss
the
Floor
o'
th'
Earth
in
token
of
profound
Humility
and
Devotion
,
to
the
Immortal
Source
of
Light
.
Onely
Ungrateful
Man
repays
,
the
Bounty
of
th'
Omnipotent
with
Neglects
,
Contempts
,
Affronts
,
and
Blasphemies
.
I
mean
the
General
Part
of
Humane
Race
;
excepting
always
from
this
Charge
,
the
Just
,
the
Innocent
and
Pious
.
Were
it
not
for
such
as
these
,
the
Divine
Patience
wou'd
be
tir'd
with
the
continual
Prophanations
of
vain
Mortals
.
Oh!
Venerable
Sylvan
,
thou
art
the
only
Pacifick
Victim
of
this
sinfull
Age.
Thy
constant
Self-denials
,
Mortifications
,
Abstinences
,
and
the
whole
System
of
thy
Accomplish'd
Sanctity
,
stop
the
Wrath
of
Heaven
from
falling
,
in
large
Cataracts
,
on
Mankind
.
When
the
Eternal
Eye
beholds
thy
Virtues
,
it
drops
down
Tears
of
Love
and
Mercy
on
the
Earth
,
glad
that
a
Son
of
Adam
yet
survives
,
not
stain'd
with
Vice
.
Thou
art
the
effectual
Propitiation
,
for
the
Sinful
World
.
When
Storms
and
Tempests
of
Impetuous
Winds
;
when
Lightning
,
Thunder
,
Hail
or
Rain
disturb
the
Air
,
or
Earthquakes
menace
more
effectual
Tragedies
to
the
Earth
,
I
think
of
thee
,
the
Favourite
of
Heaven
and
then
repose
in
full
Security
:
Thy
very
Idea
is
my
shelter
from
all
evils
:
I
shroud
my self
under
the
Shade
of
thy
Inviolated
Beard
,
o'er
which
the
Razor
never
pass'd
.
I
take
Sanctuary
in
the
Vmbrella
of
thy
Arms
,
when
stretch'd
in
fervent
Oraisons
.
Thy
Remembrance
is
my
certain
Refuge
in
Calamity
.
I
am
Impregnated
with
Sacred
Emulations
of
thy
Vertue
;
I
burn
with
fervent
,
passionate
Desires
to
become
thy
Disciple
.
I
languish
to
withdraw
my self
from
this
vain
World
;
and
from
the
Contagious
Society
of
Mortals
.
How
Happy
is
the
Life
that
's
led
in
quiet
Solitude
?
Where
the
Soul
can
feel
her self
,
and
being
awaken'd
to
a
Sense
of
her
Immortal
Strength
,
rouzes
and
vigorously
shakes
off
the
heavy
Clogs
of
Sleep
and
Death
:
Whilst
the
Divine
Afflatus
gently
breathing
on
the
Intellect
,
and
fanning
the
oppressed
Sparks
of
Reason
,
which
lay
smothering
under
a
Heap
of
Errours
,
Lusts
,
Affections
,
and
unlimited
Desires
;
kindles
the
Mind
into
a
perfect
Flame
of
Light
,
which
soon
consumes
the
Rubbish
of
Bodily
Pleasures
,
dissipates
the
Smoak
and
Mists
of
Pamper'd
Flesh
and
Blood
,
and
then
a
Man
becomes
all
Radiant
within
,
shining
with
Unclouded
Splendors
.
We
Mortals
seem
to
be
rank'd
in
a
Middle
State
between
the
Separate
Spirits
and
Beasts
:
Our
Vertues
make
us
like
the
Former
;
our
Vices
,
like
the
Latter
.
For
,
when
a
Man
has
quite
subdu'd
his
Appetites
,
and
Reason
sits
Triumphant
in
her
Throne
,
he
's
like
an
Angel
,
living
above
the
Rate
of
his
Mortality
.
He
does
not
with
the
Stagyrite
place
Vertue
in
a
Medium
,
or
rank
the
Excess
of
Goodness
in
the
Predicament
of
Vice
;
But
makes
direct
and
swift
Advances
to
the
Zenith
of
Heroick
Generosity
;
scorning
to
halt
or
make
lame
mungrel
Capitulations
with
himself
,
as
if
he
were
afraid
of
being
too
Good
.
I
wou'd
ask
a
Peripatetick
,
Whether
it
be
a
Vertue
or
a
Vice
,
in
him
that
stomaching
the
Enormous
Villanies
of
Wicked
Men
,
boyls
up
with
an
Excessive
Vehement
Anger
?
Or
,
Whether
a
Man
,
can
err
in
loving
God
too
much
,
or
in
conceiving
too
Violent
a
Sorrow
for
his
past
Offences
?
Or
who
can
be
too
Thankful
for
the
Favours
of
Heaven
?
No
:
the
farther
Distance
Vertue
keeps
from
this
Cold
,
Earthly
Mediocrity
,
the
brighter
is
its
Splendor
.
And
so
on
the
other
Side
,
the
Greater
is
the
Barbarism
,
Brutality
and
Infernal
Stamp
of
Vice
,
by
how
much
more
Remote
it
is
from
this
Indifference
.
In
a
Word
,
Vertue
and
Vice
,
are
Two
Contrary
Extremes
:
So
Piety
is
diametrically
opposite
to
Prophaneness
:
Intemperance
to
Sobriety
:
Fortitude
to
Cowardise
:
Incontinence
to
Chastity
:
Avarice
to
Bounty
:
Modesty
to
Impudence
:
Pride
to
Humility
:
Enmity
to
Friendship
,
&c.
Now
the
Mediums
between
these
Extremes
,
are
Hypocrisy
,
between
Vertue
and
Vice
:
Superstition
between
Piety
and
Prophaneness
:
Bashfulness
between
Modesty
and
Impudence
,
and
so
of
the
Rest
.
Yet
,
after
all
,
't
is
Necessary
to
observe
a
Medium
in
those
Things
which
pertain
to
Mortal
Life
,
and
to
the
Perpetuation
of
Mankind
:
Such
are
Meats
,
Drinks
,
Natural
Passions
of
the
Body
and
Mind
,
proceeding
from
the
alternate
Sense
of
Pleasure
and
Pain
.
So
when
we
are
press'd
with
Hunger
and
Thirst
,
we
ought
not
presently
to
covet
the
Plentiful
Tables
and
Superfluous
Banquets
of
the
Great
;
But
rather
such
a
Diet
as
being
easily
prepar'd
,
may
satisfie
the
Cravings
of
our
Nature
,
without
nauseating
and
giving
us
a
Surfeit
.
To
this
End
the
Divine
Providence
has
scatter'd
up
and
down
the
Surface
of
this
Globe
,
an
Infinite
Variety
of
Roots
,
Herbs
,
Fruits
,
Seeds
,
with
all
Sorts
of
Corn
and
Pulse
:
The
Cattle
afford
us
Plenty
of
Milk
;
the
Bees
are
no
Niggards
of
their
Honey
:
the
Fountains
,
Rivers
,
and
Lakes
,
abound
with
ever-springing
fresh
Supplies
of
sweet
refreshing
Water
.
We
also
have
the
Use
of
Salt
,
Oyl
,
Wine
and
other
exhilarating
Beverages
;
That
being
content
with
so
many
Benefits
,
and
Enjoyments
,
we
might
prolong
our
Lives
in
this
World
by
Sobriety
,
as
in
a
most
pleasant
Garden
or
Paradise
of
Health
.
But
alas
,
instead
of
gratefully
acknowledging
the
Bounty
of
Heaven
,
and
pregnant
Fertility
of
the
Earth
;
Instead
of
sitting
mannerly
down
at
the
Table
which
God
has
spread
and
cover'd
for
us
,
with
such
a
Train
of
Festival
Dainties
;
we
break
the
Rules
of
Hospitality
;
and
rushing
violently
on
the
Creatures
under
his
Protection
,
we
kill
and
slay
at
Pleasure
,
turning
the
Banquet
to
a
Cruel
Massacre
:
being
transform'd
into
a
Temper
wholly
Brutal
and
Voracious
,
we
glut
our selves
with
Flesh
and
Blood
of
Slaughter'd
Animals
.
Oh!
happy
he
that
can
content
himself
with
Herbs
and
other
Genuine
Products
of
the
Earth
;
That
sleeps
as
well
in
a
Solitary
Cave
,
upon
a
Bed
of
Moss
or
Leaves
,
as
in
a
Palace
on
a
Couch
of
Down
.
He
never
wants
,
because
he
ne'er
desires
what
is
not
in
his
Power
.
He
is
not
burden'd
with
a
Crowd
of
Servants
and
Flattering
Retainers
;
nor
his
Repose
disturb'd
with
early
and
late
Addresses
of
pretended
Friends
,
Officious
Sycophants
,
Importunate
Petitioners
,
and
other
fretting
Business
of
the
World
.
Why
shou'd
I
longer
then
demurr
or
hesitate
;
what
hinders
me
from
presently
embracing
a
Course
of
Life
,
that
promises
so
much
Happiness
?
A
Discipline
that
will
at
once
free
me
from
a
Thousand
Tyrannies
of
Imperious
Lusts
and
Hostile
Passions
?
I
shall
then
have
no
Need
of
Money
,
or
the
Help
of
cross-grain'd
Servants
.
I
shall
not
want
a
Multitude
of
Goods
,
the
Needless
Pageantry
of
superfluous
Ornaments
,
to
make
a
dazling
Figure
,
and
draw
the
Eyes
of
People
to
a
Reverend
Admiration
.
I
shall
be
free
from
Sottish
Drowsiness
,
and
turbulent
Dreams
.
My
Lungs
will
in
my
Sleep
respire
the
Air
with
Ease
:
whilst
gentle
Slumbers
,
mix'd
with
happy
Visions
,
shall
transportt
my
Soul
to
Unknown
Worlds
.
No
Fevers
,
Gouts
or
Dysenteries
shall
invade
my
Health
:
Nor
magisterical
Menaces
of
Empericks
bespeak
my
certain
Death
;
unless
I
'll
patiently
submit
to
all
the
needless
Tortures
they
're
contriving
for
me
,
and
tamely
swallow
down
their
new-invented
Poisons
,
and
be
rack'd
to
Death
in
Hopes
of
Ease
and
Life
.
From
all
which
horrid
Circumstances
,
a
slender
,
innocent
Diet
,
not
stain'd
with
Blood
of
any
Animal
,
will
set
me
free
.
Holy
Eremite
,
the
Idea
I
have
of
this
Manner
of
Life
makes
a
profound
and
durable
Impression
on
my
Soul
.
I
am
ravish'd
with
the
Sentiments
of
Plato
and
Pythagoras
,
and
resolutely
bent
to
undergoe
the
Discipline
of
their
Philosophy
.
I
'll
first
endeavour
to
rid
my self
of
vain
Affections
,
Habits
,
and
prophane
Negotiations
of
the
Earth
:
I
'll
gradually
die
to
all
Concupiscence
and
Bodily
Pleasure
;
that
so
I
may
by
Equal
Steps
revive
to
the
Contemplation
of
Celestial
Things
.
Then
being
free
from
every
Spot
and
Stain
contracted
in
the
Days
of
my
Security
and
Carelesness
;
my
Thoughts
and
Works
will
be
Acceptable
to
God
:
Who
in
Return
,
will
certainly
infuse
into
my
defecate
Mind
,
a
Secret
Virtue
,
the
Magick
of
this
Visible
World
;
which
purifying
my
Soul
yet
farther
,
will
prepare
it
for
the
last
and
highest
Gift
of
the
Eternal
Bounty
to
our
Race
whilst
in
this
Life
:
To
wit
,
a
Power
of
doing
Supernatural
Things
,
and
of
Foretelling
Events
to
come
.
Do
thou
but
pray
it
may
be
so
,
and
all
the
Powers
of
Hell
can
ne'er
prevail
against
me
:
For
,
thou
hast
the
Ear
of
the
Omnipotent
.
Paris
,
3d.
of
the
8th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1668.
LETTER
III.
To
Hamet
Reis
Effendi
,
Principal
Secretary
of
the
Ottoman
Empire
.
IN
this
Time
of
Wars
with
Nazarenes
,
when
the
Ottoman
Fury
is
rowz'd
and
provok'd
by
Infidels
:
it
will
not
be
amiss
to
expose
the
Nakedness
of
Europe
,
to
the
Supreme
Divan
,
which
is
on
Earth
the
Close
Committee
of
the
Court
Above
.
I
chose
to
address
my
Letter
to
thee
in
Compliance
with
thy
former
Orders
,
wherein
thou
seemedst
passionately
desirous
to
know
the
Present
State
of
Christendom
.
God
give
thee
a
perpetual
Serenity
;
Scribe
of
the
Scribes
:
May'st
thou
never
be
troubled
with
a
Running
Eye
,
a
shaking
Hand
,
or
the
Tooth-ach
.
As
for
me
,
I
'm
a
perfect
Magazine
of
Diseases
;
a
walking
Hospital
;
The
School
of
Aesculapius
.
Where
the
Necessary
God
has
Scope
to
vent
his
Skill
on
all
the
various
kinds
of
Maladies
,
which
afflict
our
mortal
Race
:
Gouts
,
Fevers
,
Cramps
,
and
Horrid
Dysenteries
,
are
as
Common
with
me
as
my
daily
Diet.
However
,
amidst
all
these
Afflictions
,
I
serve
the
Grand
Signior
and
my
Friends
with
a
cordial
Alacrity
;
Never
grudging
to
Sacrifice
my
Ease
and
Health
to
the
Interest
of
True
Believers
.
The
Face
of
Europe
is
much
chang'd
since
the
Decline
of
the
Roman
Empire
,
and
the
Usurpations
of
the
Popes
.
That
once
Mighty
Monarchy
,
is
now
shrunk
into
a
very
narrow
Compass
,
being
shut
up
within
the
Confines
of
Germany
,
which
formerly
was
but
a
Province
of
the
Ancient
Empire
.
All
Italy
is
revolted
.
So
are
the
Suisses
,
and
the
Vnited
States
of
the
Low
Countries
.
The
Hans-Towns
which
in
Times
past
paid
Homage
to
the
Emperour
,
have
now
shaken
off
the
Yoke
,
and
are
become
Independent
Commonwealths
.
Transylvania
plays
fast
and
loose
with
him
,
according
as
their
Interest
requires
.
Livonia
laughs
at
his
Menaces
,
as
appears
by
the
Answer
they
sent
to
Charles
V.
when
he
demanded
their
Submissions
,
and
that
they
wou'd
return
to
their
Native
Allegiance
,
otherwise
threatning
them
with
Fire
and
Sword
.
For
,
all
the
Reply
they
made
,
was
,
That
they
knew
the
Emperour's
Horse
wou'd
be
founder'd
,
before
he
cou'd
reach
the
Frontiers
of
their
Country
.
'T
is
a
General
Observation
,
that
since
the
Reign
of
Rodolph
I.
above
Two
Hundred
Principalities
and
States
have
fall'n
off
from
the
Empire
.
And
those
that
yet
continue
in
their
Obedience
,
I
mean
,
the
Electoral
Princes
,
claim
so
many
Privileges
;
stand
so
much
upon
Punctilio's
and
Prerogatives
,
that
there
remains
now
little
more
of
the
Imperial
Majesty
and
Power
,
save
the
bare
Title
and
Outward
Pomp.
It
is
Remarkable
,
That
within
these
Three
Hundred
Years
,
no
less
than
Nine
German
Emperours
have
been
Murder'd
,
and
many
more
have
been
depos'd
and
banish'd
.
To
sum
up
all
in
a
few
Words
,
If
we
survey
the
present
State
of
the
German
Empire
accurately
,
if
we
pry
narrowly
into
its
true
circumstances
,
we
shall
find
,
that
after
all
the
Clatter
of
his
Noisy
Titles
,
the
Emperour
can
call
nothing
properly
his
own
,
but
his
Hereditary
Estate
in
Austria
,
which
is
hardly
equivalent
to
the
Territories
of
some
Lords
whom
he
calls
his
Vassals
.
The
Germans
in
general
are
a
Rude
Unpolish'd
People
,
greedy
of
Novelties
;
Inconstant
,
Rash
,
Perfidious
,
and
very
Phlegmatick
;
much
addicted
to
unnatural
Lusts
and
Incestuous
Copulations
.
It
is
recorded
of
Barbara
,
the
Empress
,
Wife
to
Sigismund
,
another
Messalina
,
that
after
her
Husbands
Death
,
her
Confessor
advising
her
to
reform
her
Manners
,
and
live
more
chastly
like
the
Turtle
,
she
answer'd
,
If
I
must
imitate
the
Life
of
Birds
,
why
not
of
a
Sparrow
,
as
well
as
a
Turtle
?
Her
Brother
Frederick
was
much
such
another
:
For
at
Ninety
Years
of
Age
,
he
murder'd
his
Wife
for
the
Sake
of
a
Strumpet
:
And
being
advised
to
repent
and
think
of
his
Grave
;
He
said
,
I
am
now
studying
my
Epitaph
,
which
I
design
shall
be
compriz'd
in
these
Words
:
This
is
my
Way
to
Hell
;
I
know
not
what
I
shall
find
there
:
What
I
have
left
behind
me
I
know
.
I
abounded
in
all
Delights
,
whereof
I
carry
nothing
with
me
:
Neither
my
dainty
Meats
or
pleasant
Wines
,
or
whatsoever
my
Insatiable
Luxury
exhausted
.
Drunkenness
is
said
to
be
the
Original
Sin
of
Germany
,
from
whence
it
spread
it self
into
other
Countries
.
They
give
this
Character
of
a
German
,
"
That
he
is
an
Animal
which
drinks
more
than
he
can
carry
:
A
Tun
that
contains
more
than
he
can
vent
:
And
that
he
understands
more
than
he
can
express
.
"
They
tell
a
Story
of
Four
Old
Saxons
,
who
at
one
Sitting
,
drank
as
many
Healths
as
they
could
make
up
Years
amongst
them
,
which
amounted
to
Three
Hundred
.
And
't
is
Recorded
of
a
certain
German
Count
,
That
he
us'd
to
make
his
Children
,
whilst
yet
Infants
,
drink
lustily
,
to
prove
whether
they
were
of
his
own
begetting
or
no
:
For
,
if
they
grew
Sick
after
it
,
he
presently
concluded
them
to
be
Bastards
:
But
if
they
cou'd
bear
the
Debauch
well
,
he
cherish'd
'em
as
his
own
True
Off-spring
.
In
a
Word
,
thou
mayst
have
the
same
Idea
of
the
Germans
at
this
Day
,
as
Solyman
the
Magnificent
had
in
his
Time
,
who
us'd
to
say
,
"
I
slight
the
Germans
above
all
other
People
of
Europe
,
because
they
are
always
at
discord
among
themselves
,
nor
can
they
ever
be
united
any
more
than
my
Fingers
and
Toes
.
They
cannot
endure
Labour
;
and
are
the
Excessiv'st
Gluttons
and
Drunkards
in
the
World
;
They
always
maintain
a
Regiment
of
Whores
in
their
Camp
.
Their
Generals
take
more
Pride
in
their
Feathers
,
than
in
their
Military
Arms.
"
In
a
Word
,
the
German
is
so
over-run
with
all
Kinds
of
Vice
,
that
he
wants
nothing
to
make
him
a
Complete
Devil
,
but
only
a
little
Tincture
of
the
Italian
Qualities
,
according
to
the
Proverb
,
Tudesco
Italianato
,
e
un
Diabolo
Incarnato
;
A
German
Italianiz'd
,
is
a
Devil
Incarnate
.
'T
is
certain
,
the
French
have
so
weaken'd
'em
on
one
Hand
,
and
the
Swedes
on
the
other
;
that
considering
the
frequent
Troubles
they
meet
with
from
the
Hungarians
,
Bohemians
,
and
other
Tributary
Nations
,
besides
the
Intestine
Feuds
of
the
Electoral
Princes
;
we
need
not
fear
the
blunted
Talons
of
the
Eagle
,
which
are
scarce
strong
enough
to
support
her
tottering
State
,
or
prop
her
from
falling
into
Ruine
:
So
far
is
she
from
being
able
to
offend
her
Neighbours
,
that
she
never
makes
War
her
Choice
,
or
takes
the
Field
but
by
Compulsion
,
in
her
own
Defence
.
Illustrious
Hamet
,
I
pray
God
inspire
the
Victorious
Osmans
with
Prophetick
Courage
and
Resolution
;
and
the
Final
Conquest
of
Germany
will
soon
be
the
Prize
of
True
Believers
.
Paris
,
5th
.
of
the
10th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1668.
LETTER
IV.
To
Nathan
Ben
Saddi
,
a
Jew
at
Vienna
.
THE
Friendship
that
has
been
contracted
between
thee
and
me
,
ever
since
it
was
thy
Fortune
to
serve
the
Grand
Signior
in
that
Station
,
obliges
us
both
to
mutual
Sincerity
.
Besides
,
the
Duty
and
Allegiance
we
owe
our
Sovereign
,
requires
Plain-dealing
between
us
.
We
ought
to
shun
Flattery
,
as
the
Bane
of
all
Friendly
Engagements
,
the
Pest
of
the
Courts
of
Princes
;
and
the
General
Contagion
which
infects
chiefly
the
most
Effeminate
Part
of
Mankind
.
Such
as
are
these
Western
Nazarenes
;
who
abound
in
a
Thousand
little
Complaisances
,
and
false
Civilities
;
thus
suffering
their
own
Integrity
to
be
corrupted
;
their
Vertue
and
Fastness
of
Spirit
,
to
be
surpriz'd
and
debauch'd
;
whilst
their
Friends
,
by
these
means
,
not
seldom
run
on
Precipices
,
and
fall
into
Inevitable
Ruine
.
In
a
Word
,
they
betray
one
another
and
themselves
,
out
of
pretended
Good
Nature
.
By
what
I
have
said
,
thou
wilt
comprehend
,
That
I
do
not
reprove
thee
out
of
Spight
,
Envy
,
Malice
or
an
affected
Gravity
;
when
I
tell
thee
,
that
you
took
wrong
Measures
,
in
endeavouring
to
set
the
Emperour's
Palace
on
Fire
:
Or
to
poison
him
at
his
Dinner
.
I
told
thee
once
before
,
That
these
preposterous
Methods
,
will
never
take
Effect
.
Besides
,
they
will
do
the
Grand
Signior
no
Service
.
Tho'
thou
art
seemingly
engag'd
in
the
Cause
of
the
Malecontents
,
remember
,
that
thy
Business
is
different
from
theirs
.
What
signifies
it
to
thee
,
whether
the
Hungarians
have
their
Liberties
,
Rights
and
Privileges
granted
them
,
or
no
?
Or
what
Reason
hast
thou
to
espouse
the
Interest
of
the
Evangelicks
,
rather
than
that
of
the
Catholicks
,
any
farther
than
as
an
Umbrage
to
cover
the
greater
Designs
thou
hast
in
Hand
,
as
an
Agent
Incognito
for
the
Grand
Signior
.
Let
the
Jesuits
pursue
their
own
Game
,
and
the
Protestants
theirs
.
Stand
thou
Neuter
in
the
Main
,
and
rather
endeavour
to
keep
both
Parties
in
a
Counterpoise
,
than
to
turn
the
Scales
for
either
.
For
,
the
Sultan
will
gain
by
the
Divisions
of
the
Nazarenes
,
let
the
Case
go
how
it
will
between
themselves
.
Besides
,
there
are
Catholicks
engag'd
in
the
Faction
,
as
well
as
Protestants
.
'T
is
rather
a
Civil
Quarrel
,
than
a
Religious
one
.
The
Nobles
and
Gentry
of
Hungary
and
Transylvania
,
are
concern'd
for
their
Estates
,
more
than
for
their
Churches
.
They
see
,
the
Imperial
Court
wants
Money
,
and
't
is
a
Crime
for
an
Hungarian
to
be
Rich.
Those
that
have
the
Supreme
Power
,
in
these
Cases
,
will
find
Reason
enough
to
condemn
a
Wealthy
Lord
,
whether
he
be
guilty
or
not
.
'T
is
this
puts
them
upon
Caballing
and
entring
into
Confederacies
,
that
so
they
may
consult
the
Means
of
their
own
Safety
,
and
be
in
a
Posture
to
defend
themselves
.
I
perceive
the
Count
de
Serini
has
made
another
Address
,
for
the
Government
of
Carolstadt
,
and
been
repuls'd
:
Joseph
,
Earl
of
Haberstein
,
and
Knight
of
Malta
,
being
appointed
to
succeed
the
Count
d'
Aversperg
in
that
Honour
.
Which
is
an
evident
Sign
,
That
the
Emperour
has
no
good
Opinion
of
Serini
,
notwithstanding
all
his
Former
good
Services
.
And
this
is
enough
to
alienate
a
Man
of
his
great
Courage
and
Merits
.
Count
Frangipani
also
has
his
particular
Discontents
:
So
has
Tatembach
,
with
many
other
Potent
Lords
of
Hungary
and
Croatia
.
Indeed
,
the
whole
Body
of
those
Nations
are
disoblig'd
,
and
almost
wearied
out
with
the
continual
Oppressions
of
the
Germans
.
Nathan
,
thou
wilt
find
it
no
hard
Matter
,
to
bring
'em
to
a
Necessity
of
putting
themselves
under
the
Grand
Signior's
Protection
.
'T
is
thy
part
to
cherish
their
Discontents
.
As
for
the
Imperial
Court
,
thou
mayst
perceive
,
they
are
resolv'd
to
mortify
these
People
,
and
to
take
from
them
all
Opportunities
and
the
very
Capacity
of
Rebelling
,
by
not
suffering
the
Natives
of
Hungary
and
Croatia
,
to
possess
any
Office
of
Command
.
Every
Party
pursues
its
own
Interest
,
and
so
must
we
ours
.
Self-preservation
is
the
Root
of
all
Mutual
Society
and
Justice
.
Take
Case
of
thy self
,
thy
Friends
,
and
the
Cause
thou
art
engag'd
in
,
and
then
thou
need'st
not
fear
any
Qualms
of
Conscience
.
In
fine
,
I
counsel
thee
to
put
in
Practice
the
Advice
of
one
of
thy
own
Rabbi's
,
Jesus
Ben
Syrach
;
Be
not
over
just
.
Paris
,
17th
.
of
the
11th
.
Moons
,
of
the
Year
1668.
LETTER
V.
To
Pesteli
Hali
,
his
Brother
,
Master
of
the
Grand
Signior's
Customs
at
Constantinople
.
PRepare
thy self
for
surprizing
News
,
and
receive
it
with
a
Moderation
becoming
a
Man
.
Oucoumiche
our
Mother
is
dead
.
One
and
the
same
Night
lodg'd
her
in
the
Apartments
of
Hymen
,
and
the
Chambers
of
Death
.
Before
the
Days
of
the
Nuptial
Solemnities
were
over
,
the
Mournful
Rites
of
her
Funeral
Commenc'd
:
She
made
but
one
Remove
from
her
Marriage-Bed
,
to
the
Grave
.
If
thou
wonderest
,
that
a
Woman
of
her
Age
,
being
Seventy
Five
Years
Old
;
and
having
already
had
Two
Husbands
,
should
marry
a
Third
;
Know
,
that
it
was
not
Dotage
,
but
Discretion
which
prompted
her
to
take
this
Course
.
The
Integrity
,
Wisdom
,
and
prudent
Conduct
of
Eliachim
the
Jew
,
had
charm'd
her
Affections
long
ago
,
and
improv'd
her
Acquaintance
with
him
,
into
a
strict
and
vertuous
Friendship
.
As
a
Mother
,
she
ow'd
him
Respect
and
Love
,
for
his
constant
Fidelity
to
me
:
And
on
her
own
Account
,
she
cou'd
not
but
entertain
Sentiments
of
Esteem
and
Gratitude
for
a
Man
,
who
had
been
so
nicely
careful
to
preserve
her
Person
and
Honour
from
Injury
and
Violence
,
ever
since
she
came
to
Paris
.
For
,
he
alone
,
among
the
many
Myriads
of
People
inhabiting
this
City
,
was
the
onely
Confident
,
both
of
her
Secrets
and
mine
.
In
a
Word
,
these
Regards
,
with
some
others
of
Piety
,
Zeal
,
and
Good
Nature
,
made
her
willing
to
become
his
Wife
,
who
in
all
Things
had
perform'd
the
Part
of
a
Friend
,
and
a
Person
of
Honour
.
Besides
all
this
,
it
was
really
her
Interest
,
thus
to
dispose
of
her
later
Days
in
a
Foreign
Country
,
where
she
knew
no
body
but
Eliachim
and
me
.
As
for
me
,
she
consider'd
that
my
Life
was
not
onely
subject
to
the
same
Casualties
with
other
Mortals
,
and
that
I
might
be
snatch'd
away
by
a
Thousand
Deaths
;
but
that
my
Station
here
was
very
Precarious
,
and
I
might
be
suddenly
recall'd
by
my
Superiours
to
Constantinople
,
or
at
least
be
remov'd
to
some
other
Post
,
whither
she
cou'd
not
accompany
me
,
being
Incapable
of
bearing
,
at
these
Years
,
the
Hardships
and
Fatigues
of
Travel
:
That
after
my
Departure
,
she
shou'd
be
neglected
,
contemn'd
,
and
abandon'd
by
all
,
but
those
who
wou'd
desire
her
Death
,
for
the
Sake
of
her
Money
and
Jewels
.
In
these
Circumstances
,
to
remain
a
Widow
,
professing
the
Faith
of
Mahomet
,
and
believing
the
Alcoran
,
in
a
Region
and
City
swarming
with
Infidels
;
wou'd
have
been
but
an
uncomfortable
as
well
as
a
dangerous
Condition
.
Wherefore
having
had
Experience
of
Eliachim's
Vertue
,
and
incorrupt
Manners
,
he
also
making
Addresses
of
Love
to
her
,
and
giving
her
Encouragement
to
hope
,
that
he
wou'd
become
a
Mussulman
;
she
yielded
at
last
to
the
Thoughts
of
taking
him
for
her
Husband
,
and
they
were
married
on
the
7th
.
of
this
Moon
,
in
a
private
Synagogue
of
the
Jews
:
For
,
they
are
not
allow'd
a
Publick
One
in
this
City
,
as
they
are
in
many
other
Cities
of
Europe
.
My
Mother
appear'd
neither
too
dejectedly
sad
,
nor
profusely
merry
,
during
the
Nuptial
Feast
.
But
comporting
her self
with
a
chearful
Reservedness
,
seem'd
to
have
her
Thoughts
rather
fix'd
on
something
else
,
than
the
vain
Ceremonies
,
Noise
,
and
Mirth
of
the
Company
.
It
looks
as
if
her
Prophetick
Soul
was
sensible
of
its
approaching
Release
:
For
,
to
be
Brief
,
she
was
found
Dead
in
her
Bed
next
Morning
.
Brother
,
she
is
now
in
her
Sepulchre
,
at
Rest
from
all
the
Toils
of
Humane
Life
.
Let
not
this
News
affect
thee
with
fruitless
Melancholy
;
since
Death
is
the
Common
Fate
of
all
Mortals
.
Rather
advance
the
Bliss
of
our
deceas'd
Parent
,
with
devout
Oraisons
for
her
Soul
;
Remembring
,
that
e'er
long
,
we
shall
be
in
the
same
Condition
.
For
tho'
Man
,
like
a
Moth
,
be
passionately
enamour'd
with
the
Light
of
this
World
;
tho'
he
flutter
and
dance
about
it
for
a
while
,
basking
in
the
Splendor
and
Warmth
of
his
good
Fortune
;
yet
at
length
he
is
consum'd
by
the
very
Flame
,
which
gave
him
Nourishment
,
and
falls
a
Victim
to
his
own
Pleasure
.
Paris
,
9th
.
of
the
1st
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1669.
LETTER
VI.
To
Hamet
Reis
Effendi
,
Principal
Secretary
of
the
Ottoman
Empire
.
I
Sent
thee
a
Letter
some
Days
agoe
,
wherein
I
expos'd
the
General
Nakedness
,
Imbecillity
,
and
languishing
State
of
the
German
Empire
in
this
Age.
My
Dispatch
abounded
with
Characters
of
their
Vices
:
It
describ'd
exactly
the
present
Eclipse
of
Ancient
Imperial
Majesty
,
Power
and
Strength
,
the
Revolt
of
many
Principalities
and
States
,
the
Feuds
and
Discord
of
those
that
yet
remain
in
Obedience
,
and
pay
a
seeming
Homage
to
Caesar
;
with
many
other
Things
,
which
being
well
consider'd
,
may
for
the
Future
prevent
,
or
at
least
,
diminish
that
Consternation
and
Panick
Terror
,
which
uses
to
seize
the
Hearts
of
Mussulmans
,
when
we
are
in
War
with
the
Emperour
.
Now
as
a
farther
Incentive
and
Encouragement
to
take
up
Arms
against
the
Infidels
;
as
a
Spur
to
certain
Victory
and
Conquest
,
I
will
unlock
the
Treasures
of
the
Country
,
without
taking
Notice
of
the
Inhabitants
.
And
,
since
nothing
more
excites
the
Resolution
and
Valour
of
Military
Men
,
than
the
Hopes
of
Plunder
,
and
passing
away
a
Campaign
in
Plenty
of
all
necessary
Comforts
.
I
will
give
thee
a
true
Account
of
the
Natural
Dowry
of
these
Regions
,
the
Riches
of
the
Soil
,
and
the
Wealth
,
which
Commerce
with
other
Nations
,
together
with
the
Spoils
of
former
Wars
,
the
Industry
of
the
People
,
and
the
Benevolence
of
Fortune
have
added
to
their
Store
.
Germany
abounds
in
Generous
Wines
,
and
those
more
lasting
than
any
other
in
Europe
.
The
Rhenish
Wines
will
keep
above
Fifty
Years
.
The
Wines
of
the
Neckar
are
wholsome
,
and
clear
as
Water
from
the
Rock
:
Those
of
Franconia
are
strong
and
operative
:
The
Austrian
Grape
is
sweet
and
luscious
.
Several
Roman
Emperours
have
preferr'd
the
Fruits
of
the
German
Vintage
,
to
those
of
Italy
and
Greece
.
And
such
is
the
superabundant
Plenty
of
Vineyards
,
that
at
a
Place
call'd
Stutgard
,
there
is
a
Proverb
currant
,
That
they
have
more
Wine
than
Water
.
If
our
Janizaries
knew
this
,
they
wou'd
be
for
an
Expedition
into
Germany
.
Nay
they
temper
their
Mortar
with
Wine
in
some
Places
,
and
slack
their
Lime
with
it
.
They
have
strong
Beverages
also
made
of
Barley
,
Wheat
,
and
other
Grain
,
which
they
transport
from
Brumswick
,
Breslaw
,
Delph
,
Dantzick
,
Lubeck
,
and
other
Places
,
to
most
Countries
in
the
North
and
West
of
Europe
.
They
likewise
make
a
Sort
of
Wine
of
Honey
,
as
strong
and
Sweet
as
the
Wine
of
Candy
.
There
is
abundance
of
Frankincense
and
Myrrh
in
Moravia
,
of
Saffron
in
Austria
,
of
Licorice
in
Franconia
,
of
Madder
for
Dyers
in
Silesia
,
of
Amber
in
Thuringia
.
There
are
Innumerable
Orchards
full
of
all
delectable
Fruits
,
the
Fields
stand
thick
with
Corn
,
the
Pastures
are
throng'd
with
Cattel
,
and
they
have
a
Breed
of
the
stoutest
Horses
in
the
World
.
They
have
Timber
enough
to
serve
all
the
Nations
in
the
World
for
Shipping
.
But
that
which
is
most
inviting
is
,
the
Variety
of
Mines
of
Gold
,
Silver
,
Copper
,
Lead
,
Tin
and
Iron
.
Before
America
was
discover'd
,
Germany
was
the
Peru
and
Potosi
of
all
Europe
.
They
have
also
Plenty
of
Marble
as
bright
as
Crystal
.
Besides
their
Native
and
Domestick
Riches
,
they
have
mightily
improv'd
their
Stock
,
by
Foreign
Commerce
;
exchanging
their
Superfluities
for
things
more
precious
and
of
greater
Value
:
Which
in
a
constant
Course
of
Bartering
,
brings
into
the
German
Coffers
many
Hundred
Millions
of
Crowns
in
a
Year
.
In
a
Word
,
their
Cities
are
so
Rich
,
that
when
they
have
been
pillag'd
by
an
Enemy
,
the
booty
of
one
City
,
has
been
valu'd
at
Two
Millions
of
Crowns
,
in
ready
Money
,
besides
Plate
and
Jewels
.
The
Common
Souldiers
have
made
Hilts
for
their
Swords
and
Daggers
of
Gold
and
Silver
;
nay
,
some
would
have
their
very
Helmets
of
the
same
Metals
.
Publick
Gaming
Tables
have
been
set
up
in
the
Streets
,
and
it
has
been
Common
for
a
private
Trooper
to
win
or
lose
Five
or
Ten
Thousand
Crowns
at
a
Time
.
This
would
be
rare
Sport
for
our
Janizaries
and
Spahi's
.
I
tell
thee
,
Serene
Minister
,
considering
the
Immense
Wealth
of
Germany
,
and
the
Degeneracy
of
its
Inhabitants
;
Providence
seems
to
invite
our
Arms
to
make
a
Conquest
of
those
Fertile
Regions
,
and
take
from
the
Vncircumcis'd
the
Goods
which
surfeit
them
.
They
abuse
the
Gifts
of
Nature
,
and
Fortune
,
by
employing
them
to
the
Ends
of
Vice
;
whereas
the
True
Believers
were
they
once
possess'd
of
them
,
wou'd
turn
them
to
Vertuous
Purposes
,
the
Publick
Advantage
,
the
Encrease
of
the
Empire
,
Glory
of
God
,
and
Propagation
of
the
Faith
Vndefiled
.
Paris
,
of
13th
.
the
4th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1669.
LETTER
VII
.
To
Hebatolla
Mir
Argun
,
Superiour
of
the
Convent
of
Derviches
at
Cogni
in
Natolia
.
'T
Was
with
a
Specifick
Kind
of
Joy
,
not
easie
to
be
desin'd
,
that
I
receiv'd
thy
Venerable
Dispatch
.
I
perus'd
the
Welcome
Orders
therein
contain'd
with
a
Delight
not
in
the
least
Inferiour
to
his
,
who
being
abandon'd
to
Distress
and
miserable
Poverty
,
has
,
by
good
Luck
,
discover'd
a
hidden
Wealthy
Treasure
:
For
so
my
Spirit
is
ravish'd
,
to
find
in
this
degenerate
Age
,
a
Rich
Reserve
of
Piety
and
Devotion
to
the
Ancient
Prophets
of
God
.
I
'm
glad
to
hear
the
Character
of
John
the
Baptist
,
which
I
sent
thee
formerly
,
was
so
well
accepted
by
thee
,
and
all
the
Religious
under
thy
Charge
,
That
thou
vouchsafest
only
to
accuse
the
shortness
of
the
Relation
,
desiring
a
more
particular
Account
of
that
Prophet's
Manner
of
living
,
especially
of
his
Abstinences
,
and
what
may
be
the
most
proper
Interpretation
of
the
Graecian
Word
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
mention'd
in
the
History
of
his
Life
?
Praise
be
to
God
,
who
has
inspir'd
thee
with
this
Critical
Regard
to
one
of
his
most
Holy
Messengers
.
I
revere
thy
Learned
Soul
,
and
that
accomplish'd
Intellect
,
which
is
ever
busie
,
prying
into
Weighty
and
Important
Matters
.
I
honour
thy
Impartial
Mind
,
which
scruples
not
to
pay
th'
Attach
that
's
due
to
a
Saint
,
tho'
of
the
Christian
Calendar
.
If
we
should
reject
all
that
the
Followers
of
Jesus
do
,
we
should
neither
Fast
,
Pray
,
give
Alms
,
or
perform
any
other
Good
Works
.
Therefore
in
this
,
thou
art
an
Exemplary
Pattern
to
the
Rigid
,
Superstitious
Sort
of
Mussulman
Phanaticks
,
who
bear
an
endless
Grudge
against
all
those
that
are
not
of
their
Narrow
Faith
,
and
Dark
Opinion
.
Glory
be
to
God
,
with
whom
the
WORD
was
present
from
the
Dawning
of
Eternal
Light
,
before
the
Morning
of
his
Works
had
peep'd
o'er
the
Mountains
of
the
Ancient
Chaos
,
or
penetrated
the
Dark
Abyss
,
and
Misty
Vale
of
Nothing
,
and
painted
the
Tops
of
the
Creation
,
the
Highest
Ranks
of
Beings
,
with
Splendors
of
the
Early
Day
.
Before
the
Sun
had
drank
th'
Immortal
Halo
in
,
and
spong'd
up
all
the
Visible
Beams
to
squeeze
them
out
again
upon
the
Moon
,
the
Stars
,
and
on
this
Lower
World
.
That
WORD
remains
for
Ever
,
and
at
a
determin'd
Hour
became
Incarnate
,
in
the
Person
of
Jesus
the
Son
of
Mary
,
as
the
Holy
Alcoran
informs
us
.
In
those
Days
John
the
Baptist
went
into
the
Wilderness
,
and
preach'd
Repentance
to
the
Jews
foretelling
the
near
Approach
of
the
Messias
.
The
Sacred
Hero
made
a
Cave
his
Residence
;
and
at
first
,
to
wean
his
Body
from
all
Softness
,
he
wore
a
Vest
or
Shirt
of
Camel's
Hair
,
which
was
girt
about
him
with
a
Belt
made
of
that
Painful
and
Religious
Creatures
Skin
,
to
put
him
in
Mind
,
that
he
was
born
for
Holy
Labours
,
Toils
,
and
Mortifications
.
He
had
no
Table
spread
with
far-fetch'd
costly
Dainties
;
no
Dishes
cramm'd
with
bloody
and
large
Inventories
of
Birds
,
Four-footed
Beasts
,
and
Fish
.
His
Diet
was
Simple
,
Cheap
,
and
Innocent
;
easie
to
be
got
in
every
Wood
or
Field
,
without
the
Detriment
of
his
Fellow-Animals
.
For
he
either
contented
himself
with
a
Repast
on
Honey
,
which
he
found
in
Hollow
Trees
;
or
on
a
Kind
of
Manna
,
a
sweet
Dew
falling
on
their
Leaves
,
and
there
condens'd
by
Heavenly
Influence
:
Or
else
it
was
a
kind
of
luscious
Moisture
,
which
he
suck'd
from
certain
Plants
,
perhaps
not
much
unlike
our
Sugar-Canes
:
For
thus
Interpreters
do
differ
about
the
Words
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
Whatever
it
was
,
we
may
conclude
it
to
be
some
slender
,
light
and
easie
Nourishment
.
And
when
this
Diet
fail'd
him
,
or
his
Stomach
requir'd
a
little
more
Variety
,
he
banqueted
on
what
the
Graecians
call
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
Some
will
have
these
to
be
a
Kind
of
Locusts
or
Grass-hoppers
,
a
Meat
indulg'd
the
Jews
by
Moses
in
the
Law
.
The
Syrians
also
counted
them
a
Dainty
;
so
did
the
Ancient
Parthians
,
as
Aristotle
and
Pliny
tell
us
.
And
my
Country-men
,
the
Arabians
,
eat
of
them
to
this
Day
.
Others
are
of
Opinion
,
that
these
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
were
a
sort
of
little
Shell-Fish
,
such
as
Crabs
,
Crawfish
,
or
Shrimps
,
which
Nature
has
generally
lodg'd
in
Holes
along
the
banks
of
Rivers
.
A
pleasant
,
temperate
Sort
of
Diet
,
commended
for
their
Virtues
in
expelling
Poyson
,
and
being
Remedies
for
the
Strangury
,
and
Antidotes
to
cure
the
Biting
of
Mad
Dogs
.
The
Divine
Prophet
therefore
oft
frequenting
the
Waters
of
the
River
Jordan
,
wherein
he
us'd
to
wash
his
Converts
and
Disciples
;
these
Men
suppose
,
he
took
Occasion
to
allay
his
Hunger
with
these
little
Shell-fish
,
which
he
might
easily
take
in
mighty
Numbers
from
their
watry
Nests
.
And
they
endeavour
to
strengthen
this
Opinion
,
by
asserting
,
That
the
Food
which
the
Waters
afford
us
,
is
much
more
Pure
and
Holy
than
what
the
Earth
brings
forth
;
in
regard
the
Earth
lies
under
the
Malediction
of
God
,
ever
since
Noah's
Flood
,
whereas
the
Waters
ne'er
were
Curs'd
.
Hence
,
say
they
,
it
is
very
probable
.
That
the
consecrated
Hero
,
wou'd
not
defile
his
Spotless
Life
with
cursed
Banquets
from
the
Earth
,
but
rather
chose
to
appease
his
Hunger
with
the
harmless
,
bless'd
,
and
wholsome
Product
of
the
Waters
.
If
thou
wilt
have
my
Opinion
after
all
,
I
'm
apt
to
think
these
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
were
nothing
else
but
the
tender
Tops
of
Plants
,
such
as
we
call
Asparagus
,
or
perhaps
they
were
wild
Apples
of
the
Wood
;
and
then
we
may
suppose
there
's
some
Mistake
in
the
Greek
Copy
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
for
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
Or
,
it
may
be
the
Holy
Prophet
,
in
the
proper
Season
of
the
Year
,
did
use
to
crop
and
eat
the
Ears
of
Barly
,
and
then
the
Word
shou'd
be
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
For
,
what
cou'd
be
more
sweet
and
pleasant
to
an
Abstemious
Man
,
than
to
sustain
his
Life
with
fruits
,
Grain
,
Herbs
,
or
Roots
?
Nor
did
the
Malediction
reach
the
Vegetables
,
but
only
the
Animal
Generations
,
from
which
a
perfect
Man
abstains
.
Certainly
,
those
,
who
out
of
an
Aversion
for
Purity
,
Prayer
,
and
Fasting
,
turn
themselves
from
Humane
Bodies
to
Swine
;
and
from
Religious
Abstinence
to
Salvage
Gurmundizing
on
Flesh
,
seem
to
derive
their
Pedigree
from
a
Race
of
Devils
:
Especially
such
as
after
the
manner
of
Spiders
,
gathering
Poison
from
the
Flowers
of
Piety
,
Blaspheme
this
Sacred
Vertue
of
Abstinence
,
and
call
it
by
the
Infamous
Name
of
Superstition
.
For
,
if
the
Veneration
we
pay
to
God
consist
in
the
Knowledge
,
Love
and
Fear
of
his
Divine
Majesty
,
with
Adoration
and
Praise
of
his
Eternal
Attributes
;
it
follows
,
That
we
ought
to
worship
him
with
the
most
Fervent
Application
of
our
Spirits
.
But
this
Religious
Ardour
cannot
subsist
in
any
Soul
,
whose
Body
is
not
mortified
;
nor
can
the
Body
be
mortified
without
Austerity
,
which
always
is
accompany'd
with
Rigorous
Fasting
and
Abstinence
from
Flesh
.
Wherefore
if
we
ascend
to
God
,
by
the
very
same
Degrees
as
we
fall
from
him
,
it
follows
,
That
Abstinence
is
the
First
Step
to
Immortality
and
Supreme
Happiness
.
I
do
not
mean
by
Abstinence
,
that
Natural
Aversion
which
some
Men
have
for
Flesh
,
who
never
durst
to
taste
of
any
in
their
Lives
,
compell'd
to
this
by
some
Occult
Antipathy
in
their
Stomachs
.
For
such
a
Necessity
cannot
make
a
Vertue
,
it
being
common
to
Men
and
Brutes
;
there
being
many
Animals
,
who
fast
from
all
Provender
at
certain
Seasons
of
the
Year
,
and
others
that
taste
not
some
Kinds
of
Food
,
during
their
Lives
.
So
there
are
some
Men
,
to
whom
Wine
,
Flesh
,
Cheese
,
Apples
,
Herbs
and
other
Things
,
are
an
Abomination
from
their
Cradles
.
There
have
been
others
,
who
,
by
a
Praeternatural
Necessity
,
have
lived
some
Days
,
Weeks
,
Months
and
Years
without
either
Meat
or
Drink
.
So
Plato
records
,
That
Herus
Pamphylius
lay
Ten
whole
Days
among
the
Dead
Carcases
of
Soldiers
slain
in
Battel
;
and
,
when
he
was
taken
up
to
be
laid
on
the
Funeral
Pile
,
they
perceiv'd
him
to
be
alive
.
Laertius
tells
us
,
That
Pythagoras
fasted
Forty
Days
and
Forty
Nights
from
Meat
and
Drink
.
From
whom
Apollonius
Thyanaeus
learn'd
the
Art
of
keeping
almost
a
perpetual
Fast
.
And
these
Modern
Times
afford
us
the
Example
of
a
Spaniard
,
whom
they
call
Alcantaro
,
who
every
Moon
us'd
to
Fast
for
Seven
or
Eight
Days
together
.
So
a
famous
German
Maid
was
diligently
observ'd
and
watch'd
,
whilst
she
pass'd
away
full
Seven
Years
Time
without
Meat
,
Drink
,
Sleep
or
Excrements
.
France
also
boasts
of
another
Virgin
,
who
fasted
above
Three
Years
together
.
Such
Abstinences
as
these
,
are
not
to
be
put
to
the
Account
of
Vertue
,
in
regard
they
were
not
the
Effects
of
Humane
Choice
,
but
the
Decrees
of
Fate
.
So
wou'd
our
Abstinence
be
deprav'd
,
if
we
shou'd
only
practise
it
,
as
the
old
Gentiles
did
,
who
forbore
to
kill
or
eat
some
certain
Beasts
,
because
they
held
them
consecrated
to
their
Gods
.
As
the
Dog
to
Diana
;
the
Tyger
to
Bacchus
;
the
Horse
to
Neptune
;
the
Woolf
to
Mars
;
the
Eagle
to
Jupiter
;
the
Peacock
to
Juno
;
the
Swan
to
Apollo
;
the
Dove
to
Venus
;
the
Owl
to
Minerva
.
Nor
need
we
abstain
on
the
Account
of
the
Soul's
Transmigration
;
for
,
so
we
ought
to
forbear
the
Vegetable
Products
of
the
Earth
,
as
well
as
Animals
,
since
the
Soul
is
Indifferent
to
all
Bodies
,
in
its
separate
State
.
But
our
Reason
in
this
Point
,
ought
to
take
its
Rise
from
the
Fundamental
Law
of
Nature
,
the
Original
Justice
of
the
World
,
which
teaches
us
,
Not
to
do
that
to
another
,
which
we
wou'd
not
have
another
do
to
us
.
Now
,
since
't
is
evident
,
That
no
Man
wou'd
willingly
become
the
Food
of
Beasts
;
therefore
,
by
the
same
Rule
,
he
ought
not
to
prey
on
them
.
Next
to
this
Foundation
of
our
Abstinence
,
we
ought
to
build
our
Aims
at
the
Perfection
of
our
Nature
,
which
cannot
be
acquir'd
but
by
Degrees
:
We
must
endeavour
to
abate
the
Aliment
of
our
Concupiscences
,
by
exhaling
the
superfluous
and
grosser
Vapours
of
our
Blood
in
Sacred
Fasts
and
Oraisons
.
Then
we
shou'd
refresh
our
fainting
Bodies
,
with
Food
affording
little
Nourishment
and
Pleasure
.
That
so
our
vain
Affections
,
Appetites
and
Lusts
,
may
gradually
die
:
Whilst
the
pure
Mind
revives
,
and
being
free
from
the
gross
Vapours
arising
from
too
much
,
and
too
fatning
Meats
and
Drinks
,
the
Films
which
darken'd
her
Sight
,
fall
off
;
and
she
can
better
now
discern
the
Naked
Forms
of
Things
,
by
her
own
simple
Intuition
,
than
before
she
cou'd
through
all
the
borrow'd
Spectacles
and
other
Opticks
of
Book-Philosophy
.
Also
she
will
more
easily
raise
her self
to
the
Contemplation
and
Science
of
Divine
Eternal
Things
.
He
therefore
that
in
Earnest
will
apply
himself
to
the
Study
of
accomplish'd
Sanctity
,
must
first
by
Fasting
exhaust
the
Marrow
from
his
Bones
,
the
Fatness
from
his
Flesh
,
the
Wild
and
Rampant
Spirits
from
his
Nerves
,
and
then
he
must
purge
the
Words
and
Actions
of
his
Life
from
Vice
.
When
this
is
done
,
the
Soul
becoming
a
pure
Tabula
Rasa
,
is
fit
for
the
Impressions
of
Celestial
Vertue
.
Those
who
labour
under
acute
Diseases
,
run
great
Hazard
of
their
Lives
,
according
to
Hippocrates
,
unless
their
Diet
be
accommodated
with
proportionate
Regard
to
the
Quality
and
Time
of
the
Critical
Fits
or
Paroxisms
.
But
,
those
who
are
entangl'd
with
Vice
,
do
labour
under
far
more
dangerous
Distempers
,
than
such
as
afflict
the
Body
.
Wherefore
the
Prophet
,
our
Holy
Law-giver
,
like
a
Wise
Physician
,
appointed
certain
Seasons
of
the
Year
,
for
Sacred
Abstinences
,
Fastings
,
Pilgrimages
,
Vigils
,
and
other
Holy
Exercises
,
especially
the
Mighty
Fast
and
Vigil
of
Ramezan
,
wherein
,
tho'
it
be
not
forbid
to
eat
of
Flesh
after
the
Stars
appear
at
Night
,
yet
none
but
loose
and
indevout
Believers
,
take
that
Liberty
;
whereas
the
better
Sort
content
themselves
with
an
Ascetick
Diet.
The
Hebrews
fasted
with
Unleaven'd
Bread
,
and
a
little
Salad
;
the
Christians
also
taste
no
Flesh
,
on
their
prohibited
Days
:
And
shall
the
Mussulmans
be
greater
Libertines
than
these
Infidels
?
O
Hebatolla
!
how
radiant
is
the
Lustre
of
a
Lamp
,
when
shining
through
a
clean
,
and
fine
,
defaecate
Chrystal
?
So
does
the
Soul
display
the
Rays
of
her
Immortal
Vertue
round
about
,
when
she
inhabits
in
a
well
purifi'd
,
chaste
,
and
almost
pervious
Body
.
Wherefore
,
it
is
absolutely
necessary
for
him
to
attenuate
his
Body
with
perpetual
Temperance
and
Abstinence
,
who
consecrates
himself
to
Vertue
and
Devotion
.
He
will
not
be
ensnar'd
or
catch'd
by
any
Baits
of
Luxury
or
Voluptuousness
;
not
yet
affrighted
from
his
constant
,
sober
Course
of
Life
,
by
any
Pain
,
or
thwarting
Accident
.
No
Frowns
or
Menaces
shall
divert
him
from
his
Noble
Purpose
:
But
he
will
so
nourish
his
Body
all
his
Life
,
that
it
shall
never
be
Surfeited
,
or
over-fill'd
with
Meats
.
And
such
is
the
Magick
of
this
Sacred
Vertue
,
That
it
can
never
be
hurt
,
much
less
subverted
by
all
the
Machinations
of
Evil
Daemons
;
or
the
Malicious
Attempts
of
Men.
But
it
proceeds
from
Strength
to
Strength
,
and
fights
the
Combat
valiantly
,
till
having
overcome
at
last
,
it
Triumphs
for
ever
,
and
receives
the
Palm
,
the
Crown
and
Chaplet
of
Divine
Reward
in
Paradise
.
Holy
President
,
pray
that
I
may
practise
what
I
so
admire
,
and
not
be
self-condemn'd
for
living
contrary
to
my
Knowledge
.
For
God
neither
loves
a
double
Tongue
or
Heart
,
neither
delights
he
in
Feet
or
Hands
that
are
swift
and
nimble
to
do
Mischief
.
Paris
,
13th
.
of
the
4th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1669.
LETTER
VIII
.
To
Hamet
,
Reis
Effendi
,
Principal
Secretary
of
the
Ottoman
Empire
.
NOw
the
Christians
are
in
a
general
Consternation
for
Candy
:
The
Pope
has
sent
Letters
to
all
the
Princes
that
are
in
his
Communion
;
inviting
and
pressing
them
to
succour
that
Distress'd
Island
.
Levies
are
making
every
where
;
and
the
King
of
France
,
who
seeks
all
Occasions
of
Glory
,
appears
the
most
forward
of
any
to
assist
the
Republick
in
this
Fatal
Juncture
.
The
Duke
of
Beaufort
,
and
the
Chevalier
de
Vendosm
,
are
appointed
to
lead
the
Forces
design'd
for
that
Service
.
They
are
gone
to
Toulon
,
in
Order
to
embarque
.
The
Pope
has
sent
the
Duke
of
Beaufort
a
Breve
,
declaring
him
General
of
the
Troops
Ecclesiastick
that
are
to
serve
in
Candy
;
and
for
his
greater
Encouragement
,
he
has
sent
him
the
Pontifical
Standard
.
In
the
mean
while
,
there
is
a
Triple
League
concluded
between
the
Emperour
,
the
King
of
Spain
,
the
King
of
England
,
the
King
of
Swedeland
,
and
the
States
of
Holland
.
There
is
great
Joy
in
Portugal
for
the
Birth
of
the
Infanta
,
who
is
call'd
Elizabetha-Maria-Louisa
,
She
was
Born
the
6th
.
of
the
1st
.
Moon
;
and
on
the
18th
.
the
Empress
of
Germany
was
also
deliver'd
of
a
Daughter
.
These
Western
Queens
are
very
pregnant
.
Not
a
Year
passes
without
the
Birth
,
or
Baptism
,
of
some
Royal
Infant
.
This
is
all
the
News
at
present
;
but
to
oblige
thee
I
will
say
something
of
Italy
,
which
is
esteem'd
the
Garden
of
Europe
.
Nay
,
Constantine
Paleologus
,
Emperor
of
Greece
,
was
wont
to
say
,
Vnless
I
had
been
assur'd
by
very
Learned
and
Holy
Men
,
that
Paradise
was
seated
in
Asia
,
I
shou'd
have
sworn
that
Italy
had
been
the
Place
.
It
is
most
certain
Italy
is
a
delectable
Country
,
abounding
in
Riches
and
Pleasures
.
The
Eye
is
not
satisfi'd
with
seeing
the
infinite
Variety
of
Beauties
,
which
grace
this
happy
Region
.
Such
is
the
lovely
Intermixture
of
Hills
and
Valleys
,
Groves
and
Plains
,
Palaces
and
Gardens
,
that
a
Traveller
is
ravish'd
as
he
passes
on
the
Road.
But
this
is
not
all
:
She
is
as
rich
as
fair
.
No
Country
in
the
World
can
match
Italy
for
the
Plenty
and
Variety
of
excellent
Wines
;
only
they
are
of
no
long
Continuance
.
Above
all
the
rest
,
Travellers
commend
that
Sort
which
they
call
Lachrymae
Christi
,
or
,
the
Tears
of
Christ
,
for
its
delicious
Taste
.
Which
when
a
Dutch-man
once
tasted
,
he
burst
forth
into
this
Exclamation
;
O
Christ
!
why
didst
thou
not
weep
in
my
Country
?
At
Papia
,
there
are
a
Kind
of
Aromatick
Grapes
,
which
leave
a
fragrant
Odour
in
the
Mouth
of
him
that
eats
them
.
It
is
recorded
of
a
certain
Roman
Lord
,
That
when
he
was
in
Prison
half
dead
with
Melancholy
,
he
drank
a
Glass
or
Two
of
this
generous
Wine
,
which
so
reviv'd
his
Spirits
,
that
instead
of
Despairing
,
as
he
was
ready
to
do
before
,
he
wrote
a
Treatise
entituled
[
de
Consolatione
.
]
Besides
,
Italy
abounds
in
Cattle
,
Sheep
,
Fowls
,
Mines
,
Rocks
of
Alabaster
,
Marble
,
Porphyry
,
Coral
,
Ophits
,
Agats
,
Chalcedonies
,
Azures
,
and
innumerable
other
precious
Stones
.
Hence
it
comes
,
that
in
this
Country
are
seen
the
most
Glorious
and
Magnificent
Temples
of
the
World
.
But
,
this
so
fair
and
wealthy
a
Spot
of
Ground
is
Inhabited
by
a
very
wicked
Sort
of
People
.
They
are
quite
degenerated
from
the
Vertues
of
their
Ancestors
.
They
are
a
Base
,
Effeminate
,
Sly
,
Sodomitical
Race
of
Men
,
Covetous
,
Revengeful
,
and
Inexorable
.
I
have
heard
a
Story
of
Two
Italian
Brothers
that
were
walking
one
Night
in
the
Fields
,
it
being
a
very
serene
Sky
;
when
one
of
them
looking
steadfastly
on
the
Heavens
,
wish'd
,
he
had
as
many
Oxen
as
there
were
Stars
.
The
other
wish'd
,
he
had
a
Field
as
large
as
the
Firmament
.
What
wou'd
you
do
with
it
?
said
the
First
.
Let
your
Oxen
graze
there
,
reply'd
he
.
But
,
as
they
proceeded
in
this
Kind
of
foolish
,
loose
Discourse
,
they
kindled
each
others
Anger
;
and
at
length
,
falling
from
.
Words
to
Blows
,
kill'd
one
another
on
the
Spot
.
Behold
,
the
Consequence
of
their
Covetous
Desires
.
They
are
extremely
addicted
to
Revenge
,
and
are
as
dextrous
at
poysoning
as
the
Indian
Princes
.
A
certain
French
Author
gives
us
a
very
Compendious
Account
of
the
Benefits
a
Stranger
gets
by
travelling
into
Italy
,
in
these
Words
:
We
go
into
Italy
,
says
he
,
with
Incredible
Charges
,
only
to
purchase
the
mere
Shadow
of
Civility
,
and
we
bring
back
from
thence
the
whole
System
of
Vices
.
The
Milanese
teach
us
how
to
Cheat.
From
the
Venetians
we
learn
Hypocrisie
.
Rome
transforms
us
into
perfect
Atheists
and
Libertines
.
Naples
turns
us
to
Satyres
.
Florence
instructs
us
in
the
Artificial
Methods
of
Poysoning
.
There
is
not
one
City
,
which
does
not
tincture
us
with
some
Specifick
Ill
Qualities
.
Sage
Hamet
,
In
all
my
Letters
to
thee
,
I
studiously
insert
some
Remarks
on
these
Western
Nations
,
that
so
I
may
gratifie
thy
Wishes
.
Pardon
the
want
of
Order
:
For
,
I
write
Things
as
they
present
themselves
to
my
Memory
.
Accept
all
in
good
Part
from
Mahmut
,
who
obeys
thy
Commands
chearfully
,
and
honours
thee
without
Flattery
.
Paris
,
12th
.
of
the
5th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1669.
LETTER
IX
.
To
Hamet
,
Reis
Effendi
,
Principal
Secretary
of
the
Ottoman
Empire
.
THou
may'st
Register
in
the
Archives
of
the
Sacred
Empire
;
That
Dom
John
of
Austria
,
is
made
perpetual
Governour
of
the
Low-Countries
,
under
the
Spanish
King's
Obedience
.
He
is
also
Viceroy
,
and
Vicar-General
of
Arragon
,
Catalonia
,
and
Valenciae
.
But
it
is
fit
for
thee
to
know
also
,
That
this
is
so
far
from
being
esteem'd
by
that
Prince
a
Happiness
,
that
he
counts
it
his
Greatest
Misfortune
,
in
Regard
't
is
no
better
than
an
Honourable
and
Irrevocable
Banishment
from
the
Court
of
Spain
;
where
his
Royal
Blood
and
Merits
,
are
out-master'd
by
the
Genius
of
a
certain
Priest
,
whom
they
call
Father
Nitard
.
This
Man
is
very
Ambitious
,
always
aiming
at
High
Matters
;
yet
admir'd
by
no
body
for
his
Learning
,
Beauty
,
or
any
other
good
Qualities
.
Only
the
Queen
of
Spain
,
is
pleas'd
to
make
him
her
Favourite
.
He
cou'd
never
buckle
to
the
Humour
of
Dom
John
;
and
hence
arose
a
secret
Envy
between
'em
;
which
afterwards
burst
forth
into
open
Animosities
,
Feuds
and
Quarrels
.
So
that
at
last
,
the
Favourite
got
the
Day
,
and
Dom
John
was
forc'd
to
quit
the
Field
.
It
is
impossible
to
trace
the
Sovereigns
of
the
Earth
in
the
Foot-steps
of
their
Royal
Conduct
:
Or
else
,
one
wou'd
of
Course
conclude
,
That
tho'
so
great
a
Prince
as
this
,
of
the
same
Lineage
as
the
Queen
her self
,
shou'd
have
easily
eclips'd
the
borrow'd
Lustre
of
an
Upstart
Minion
.
But
Monarchs
have
Specifick
Reasons
to
themselves
,
which
others
cannot
penetrate
.
Perhaps
this
cunning
Priest
used
a
Trick
like
that
of
a
Soldier
in
the
Army
of
Alexander
the
Great
:
Who
being
of
an
Ambitious
Spirit
,
and
coveting
to
make
some
greater
Figure
than
that
of
a
Private
Sentinel
,
consider'd
Alexander's
Humour
,
and
how
to
hit
it
.
He
knew
,
that
his
Heroick
Master
took
Delight
in
any
Thing
was
bold
and
brave
.
But
how
to
come
into
his
Presence
,
he
was
Ignorant
.
At
length
,
he
pitch'd
upon
this
Method
.
One
Day
,
as
Alexander
was
debauching
with
his
beloved
Parmenio
,
Haepheston
,
Lysimachus
,
and
other
Officers
.
This
Fellow
(
whose
Name
was
Clytus
)
put
himself
into
a
Mimick
Dress
of
War
,
counterfeiting
himself
Mad
,
and
dancing
the
Pyrrhick
Measures
,
with
his
brandish'd
Sword
,
kill'd
Five
new-listed
Soldiers
lately
come
from
Colchis
.
The
Guards
soon
siez'd
upon
him
;
and
it
being
a
Tragical
Novelty
,
the
News
was
carried
to
the
King
;
who
caus'd
the
Fellow
to
be
brought
before
him
.
And
examining
him
on
the
Point
,
Clytus
answer'd
,
"
Great
King
,
those
Five
Men
whom
I
have
kill'd
,
had
conspir'd
to
take
away
thy
Life
this
Day
,
being
hir'd
thereto
by
the
King
of
Colchis
,
and
therefore
sent
into
thy
Army
.
Their
Tent
being
next
to
mine
,
I
had
an
Accidental
Opportunity
last
Night
,
of
over-hearing
their
Discourse
,
when
they
were
plotting
together
the
Time
,
the
Place
,
and
Manner
of
thy
Death
.
I
kept
a
Watch
upon
them
,
and
observ'd
their
Motions
from
that
Moment
.
For
,
tho'
I
knew
the
Hour
appointed
by
them
for
this
Execrable
Regicide
,
yet
I
was
sollicitous
,
lest
some
ill
Fate
shou'd
prompt
the
Ruffians
to
antedate
their
own
Resolves
,
and
hasten
a
Murder
,
whose
Delay
might
else
discover
their
Designs
,
or
at
least
prevent
'em
.
Therefore
I
took
this
mad
Disguise
,
to
execute
the
Soberest
and
most
Important
Purpose
that
e'er
I
fram'd
in
all
my
Days
;
which
was
at
once
to
save
the
Life
of
the
World's
Conqueror
,
and
get
my self
Immortal
Honour
by
the
Happy
Deed.
"
After
profound
Deliberation
of
the
Drunken
Cabinet-Council
,
Alexander
approv'd
the
Fact
,
and
order'd
Publick
Honours
to
be
done
to
his
Deliverer
.
According
to
the
Macedonian
Custom
,
he
vested
him
with
Purple
Robes
,
and
gave
him
a
Chain
of
Gold
,
admitting
him
to
the
latter
End
o'
th'
Banquet
,
and
afterwards
esteeming
him
above
his
most
Familiar
Friends
.
Till
such
another
Debauch
as
this
,
but
more
Unfortunate
to
Clytus
,
at
once
depriv'd
him
of
the
King's
Favour
and
his
own
Life
:
So
Inconstant
is
the
State
of
Humane
Greatness
.
Sage
Hamet
,
the
Favour
of
Princes
is
like
a
Reed
of
Egypt
,
which
either
transpierces
him
that
leans
upon
it
;
or
flinches
from
the
Burden
,
and
so
gives
him
a
Fall
,
which
most
Times
plunges
him
o'er
Head
and
Ears
,
in
the
choaking
Mire
of
Popular
Hatred
.
God
grant
thou
may'st
never
be
crush'd
to
Death
from
Above
,
by
the
Weight
of
the
Sultan's
Displeasure
,
or
undermin'd
from
Beneath
,
and
swallow'd
up
in
an
Earthquake
rais'd
by
the
Multitude
.
Paris
,
18th
.
of
the
7th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1669.
LETTER
X.
To
Hebatolla
Mir
Argun
,
Supeior
of
the
Convent
of
Derviches
at
Cogni
in
Natolia
.
THou
wilt
not
be
displeas'd
to
hear
of
a
Mighty
King
,
that
laying
aside
his
Diadem
and
Scepter
,
and
abandoning
the
Height
of
Humane
Glory
,
has
consecrated
himself
to
a
Private
Religious
Life
,
vowing
Perpetual
Poverty
,
Chastity
,
and
Obedience
.
Yet
this
is
true
of
John
Casimir
,
late
King
of
Poland
,
who
from
a
Sovereign
Monarch
is
become
an
Humble
Subject
,
and
having
forsaken
the
Pleasures
and
Magnificences
of
his
Royal
Palace
,
voluntarily
confines
himself
to
the
Narrow
Circumstances
and
Austerities
of
a
Monastick
Life
.
He
chose
France
for
the
Place
of
his
Retreat
from
his
own
Kingdom
;
and
the
Abby
of
St.
Germains
near
Paris
,
as
his
Sanctuary
from
all
Worldly
Affairs
.
He
was
magnificently
receiv'd
and
entertain'd
in
every
City
through
which
he
pass'd
.
And
on
the
4th
.
of
the
11th
.
Moon
,
he
made
his
first
Entry
into
the
Mosque
or
Church
of
the
Convent
,
where
he
made
his
Vows
,
in
Quality
of
Abbot
,
or
Superior
of
that
House
:
For
which
they
solemnly
sung
their
Te
Deum
,
or
a
Song
of
Praise
to
God
.
And
the
Court
of
France
seems
to
be
proud
of
the
Honour
this
Prince
has
done
it
,
in
retiring
hither
,
and
making
it
the
Theatre
of
such
Pious
Resolves
,
the
last
Stage
of
his
Pilgrimage
on
Earth
,
where
he
will
bid
Adieu
to
the
vain
Pageantries
of
Honour
,
Wealth
and
Empire
;
and
having
shaken
off
the
Glittering
Burden
of
a
Crown
,
with
all
the
other
Clogs
of
elevated
Mortality
,
he
will
the
easier
climb
to
Paradise
.
Abstracting
from
the
Particular
Superstitions
of
the
Nazarenes
,
I
cannot
but
commend
the
Sage
Undertaking
of
King
Casimir
;
who
,
in
this
,
seem
to
outgoe
the
noisie
ostentous
Action
of
Adrian
,
one
of
the
Roman
Emperors
:
For
he
only
once
celebrated
in
outward
Pomp
his
own
Funerals
,
by
way
of
Type
or
Figure
;
making
a
splendid
Cavalcade
,
before
which
his
Coffin
was
carried
in
a
kind
of
Mock-Triumph
:
As
if
after
all
his
other
Victories
,
at
last
he
had
lead
Death
himself
Captive
:
Whereas
this
hinder'd
not
,
but
that
he
return'd
again
to
the
Vanities
which
in
this
Publick
Emblem
he
seem'd
to
despise
;
And
from
a
Dramatick
Conqueror
,
he
became
a
real
Slave
.
His
personated
Mortification
in
the
Streets
,
ended
in
his
ordinary
Passions
at
Home
.
And
he
had
a
stronger
Inclination
to
the
Bed
of
Voluptuousness
at
Night
,
than
he
seem'd
to
have
by
Day
to
his
Grave
.
But
this
Heroick
King
of
the
Poles
,
is
really
gone
into
his
Sepulchre
.
(
For
no
better
is
a
Monastery
in
my
Opinion
.
)
He
has
translated
the
Seat
and
Throne
of
his
Kingdom
,
to
a
Tomb
;
not
for
Three
or
Four
Hours
,
to
make
a
shew
,
but
there
really
to
lead
a
dying
Life
,
or
living
Death
;
and
reign
in
Funeral
Majesty
all
the
Rest
of
his
Days
.
For
,
to
be
thus
Recluse
from
the
World
,
is
to
be
buried
alive
.
O
Venerable
and
Benign
Dervich
,
pardon
the
Favourable
Opinion
I
have
of
this
Christian
Monarch
.
I
do
not
patronize
his
Errors
in
applauding
his
Vertue
.
Besides
,
it
is
the
General
Faith
of
Mussulmans
,
That
,
let
a
Man
be
a
Christian
,
a
Jew
,
or
Pagan
,
provided
he
lives
up
to
the
best
Light
he
has
,
he
shall
be
saved
.
And
the
Holy
Prophet
himself
gave
us
Encouragement
to
believe
so
.
Thou
wilt
at
least
conclude
this
King
to
be
more
Pious
and
worthy
of
Praise
,
than
one
of
his
Predecessors
,
who
usurp'd
the
Polish
Crown
.
This
was
Vladislaus
V.
who
having
enter'd
into
a
solemn
League
with
one
of
our
Former
Sultans
,
living
in
his
Time
,
and
taken
an
Oath
thereupon
,
giving
also
the
Eucharist
(
or
,
that
which
they
esteem
the
Body
of
Christ
)
in
Hostage
;
yet
soon
after
broke
the
Articles
that
he
had
Sign'd
,
Seal'd
,
and
Sworn
to
,
and
for
the
Performance
of
which
he
had
pawn'd
his
God
.
This
so
provok'd
the
Grand
Signior
,
that
he
had
recourse
to
his
Arms
for
Justice
,
and
invaded
Poland
with
a
Mighty
Force
:
To
repell
which
,
Vladislaus
also
levied
an
Army
,
and
met
him
in
the
Field
.
But
,
just
as
they
were
going
to
give
Battel
,
the
Sultan
took
out
of
his
Bosom
,
the
pawned
Eucharist
,
with
the
Capitulations
agreed
upon
,
and
sworn
to
between
'em
.
Then
holding
the
Wafer
in
One
Hand
,
and
the
Articles
in
the
Other
,
he
cryed
out
,
in
the
Hearing
of
both
Armies
;
"
O
thou
Crucify'd
God
of
the
Christians
,
behold
thy
Perfidious
Adorers
,
who
have
given
thee
to
me
as
a
Pledge
of
their
Faith
and
Truth
in
what
they
have
sworn
;
yet
in
a
most
Impious
Manner
they
have
violated
their
Oath
.
If
thou
art
a
God
chastise
them
now
by
my
means
,
for
their
Abominable
Perjury
,
and
Prophanation
of
thy
Name
.
"
His
Prayer
was
heard
of
Heaven
:
For
the
Victorious
Osmans
gave
a
Total
Overthrow
to
the
Infidels
;
and
that
Blasphemous
Prince
was
himself
kill'd
in
the
Battel
.
Whatever
various
Forms
of
Religion
there
be
in
the
World
;
we
know
there
is
but
One
True
God
,
Creator
of
Heaven
and
Earth
,
Conservator
and
Governour
of
Men.
He
connives
at
the
Invincible
Ignorances
,
Frailties
and
Infirmities
of
our
Mortal
Race
.
He
accepts
the
Good
Works
and
Sincere
Vows
of
Pagans
,
and
the
Vncircumcised
,
as
well
as
those
of
the
True
Believers
,
and
Followers
of
the
Prophet
.
But
he
abhorrs
and
punishes
all
Injustice
,
Perjury
,
and
Treason
,
both
in
the
One
and
the
Other
.
For
he
has
no
Partial
Regards
for
This
Nation
or
Person
,
more
than
for
That
.
They
are
all
equally
the
Works
of
his
Hands
;
and
his
Care
is
alike
over
them
.
The
Sun
runs
from
the
East
to
the
West
:
In
his
daily
Circuit
he
Illuminates
and
Warms
this
Hemisphere
;
and
by
Night
,
our
Antipodes
enjoy
his
Favours
,
and
welcome
Influence
.
At
one
Time
of
the
Year
he
comforts
the
North
,
at
another
he
revives
the
South
.
There
is
no
Part
of
the
Globe
,
which
in
due
Season
does
not
rejoyce
in
his
all-chearing
Beams
.
The
Moon
never
slacks
or
deviates
from
her
wonted
Course
;
but
from
the
Cresent
to
the
Wane
,
observes
the
Laws
of
him
that
made
her
.
She
is
exact
in
timing
the
Flux
and
Reflux
of
the
Sea
.
And
she
guides
the
wandring
Mariners
by
Night
.
The
Inhabitants
of
the
Artick
and
Antartick
Circles
,
wait
for
her
Light
,
when
the
Sun
absents
himself
for
Half
the
Year
.
As
soon
as
they
see
the
Chariot
of
Diana
appear
on
the
Road
of
their
Heaven
,
every
Man
claps
his
Hands
for
Joy
.
They
rouze
from
their
Domestick
Dulness
and
Melancholy
;
they
come
out
of
their
Dens
and
Caves
.
With
Dances
and
Songs
,
they
welcom
the
Approach
of
the
Beautiful
Goddess
;
Knowing
that
She
is
but
a
Second
Remove
from
the
Eternal
Light
:
The
Mirrour
of
the
Sun
,
in
which
that
Glorious
Planet
may
see
his
Face
;
in
whose
,
by
Reflection
,
we
see
the
Face
of
God
.
So
do
the
Stars
keep
on
their
various
Traverses
through
the
Heavens
.
Each
Constellation
faithfully
maintaining
its
Post
;
each
Planet
pursuing
its
Road.
Whilst
all
together
,
at
so
vast
a
Distance
,
appear
a
flying
Camp
,
ne'er
setting
up
their
bright
Pavilions
but
by
Night
,
and
in
the
Morning
taking
'em
down
again
.
This
may
be
call'd
the
Army
of
Heaven
,
the
Host
of
God
,
embattel'd
in
the
Firmament
,
to
guard
his
Friends
on
Earth
,
and
to
chastise
his
Enemies
.
To
descend
lower
yet
into
our
Sublunary
Elements
;
we
find
the
Rain
,
Hail
,
Snow
,
Winds
,
Thunder
,
Lightning
and
other
Meteors
,
are
impartially
scatter'd
up
and
down
the
Climates
of
the
Earth
;
I
do
not
mean
by
Chance
,
but
by
the
Universal
Providence
which
governs
all
Things
.
As
the
Alcoran
expresses
it
:
"
'T
is
he
directs
the
Seminal
and
Prolifick
Showers
,
to
Barren
and
Desart
Places
:
Doubtless
,
this
is
a
Sign
of
his
Divine
Vnity
.
"
In
fine
,
all
Provinces
and
Corners
of
the
Earth
bring
forth
their
proper
Fruits
in
Season
.
And
the
Negro's
of
Africk
,
and
America
,
tho'
gross
Idolaters
,
and
some
of
them
worshipping
Infernal
Daemons
,
yet
enjoy
God's
Blessings
;
and
live
as
Plentifully
,
with
as
much
Content
and
Joy
,
as
we
that
Adore
his
Eternal
Vnity
.
Every
Nation
takes
up
their
Religion
on
the
Credit
of
their
Priests
;
and
so
long
as
they
observe
the
Natural
and
Moral
Law
imprinted
in
their
Hearts
:
The
Indulgent
Judge
and
Father
of
Men
,
will
dispense
with
those
that
Err
,
in
Obedience
to
the
Positive
Laws
of
their
Nation
:
for
Sedition
is
like
Magick
,
odious
to
God
and
Man
,
and
equally
liable
to
Universal
Punishment
.
Once
more
,
O
Pious
Father
of
the
Derviches
,
I
beg
of
thee
to
pardon
the
Freedom
I
take
,
in
discoursing
of
Religious
Matters
in
thy
Presence
,
who
art
a
Light
to
the
Blind
,
a
Guide
to
those
that
Err
;
a
Resolver
of
Doubts
,
an
Arbitrator
of
difficult
Questions
;
The
Onely
Oracle
of
thy
Province
.
I
endeavour
not
to
inform
thee
,
but
to
dis-entangle
my self
from
Error
;
and
testifie
,
that
tho'
I
Honour
God
and
his
Prophet
;
yet
I
think
there
is
no
need
of
a
Falsehood
to
defend
the
Truth
.
Paris
,
7th
.
of
the
2d
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
,
1670.
LETTER
XII
.
To
Useph
,
Bassa
.
DEath
has
of
late
Celebrated
a
Triple
Triumph
in
the
Court
of
France
;
having
lead
away
Captives
to
the
Invisible
World
,
The
Cardinal
Duke
of
Vendôme
,
a
Dutchess
of
the
same
Title
,
and
Henrietta
Maria
,
late
Queen
of
Great
Britain
,
being
the
Relict
of
King
Charles
I.
and
Youngest
Daughter
to
Henry
IV.
of
France
.
Thou
may'st
also
report
to
the
Divan
,
that
Casimir
,
late
King
of
Poland
,
is
now
at
this
Court
;
Having
left
Poland
,
as
soon
as
he
saw
Prince
Wiesnowiski
elected
his
Successor
.
The
Dukes
of
Lorrain
and
Newburgh
had
severally
laid
Claim
to
that
Crown
,
and
levied
Armies
a-part
,
in
order
to
make
good
their
Pretentions
.
But
the
Polanders
,
being
aware
of
it
,
were
resolv'd
not
to
bring
themselves
under
the
Jurisdiction
of
any
Foreigner
,
so
long
as
there
was
a
Prince
of
their
own
Nation
capable
of
the
Dignity
,
and
one
who
being
the
Son
of
King
Casimir
,
seems
to
have
the
best
Title
to
his
Father's
Throne
,
whose
Vertues
he
inherits
.
Here
is
also
arriv'd
the
Prince
of
Tuscany
,
who
has
travell'd
through
all
Europe
,
and
takes
France
,
as
the
last
Kingdom
,
in
his
Return
Homewards
:
Protesting
,
That
he
does
this
in
good
Manners
,
as
preferring
France
to
all
the
Nations
in
Christendom
.
Indeed
,
he
cou'd
do
no
less
in
Good
Manners
,
than
make
this
Apology
,
which
yet
sounds
very
Flat
toa
Court
so
refin'd
as
this
;
which
might
have
expected
his
First
Visit
as
a
Token
of
his
Regard
;
since
,
tho'
in
Domestick
Processions
,
Entries
,
and
Cavalcades
,
those
of
highest
Dignity
take
the
last
Place
;
yet
in
Foreign
Embassies
,
and
Voyages
,
it
is
usual
for
Princes
to
address
to
those
first
,
for
whom
they
have
the
Greatest
Esteem
.
The
Politicians
here
keep
very
secret
the
News
that
comes
from
Candy
,
which
makes
all
Men
conclude
,
't
is
none
of
the
most
Prosperous
.
'T
is
generally
reported
for
a
Truth
,
That
Admiral
Beaufort
is
either
Kill'd
,
or
taken
Prisoner
by
the
Ottomans
;
and
that
the
French
have
lost
near
Two
thousand
Men
in
this
Undertaking
.
I
wonder
why
the
Painters
always
describe
Death
in
the
Form
of
a
Naked
Skeleton
,
a
Starv'd
System
of
dry
Bones
:
whereas
one
would
think
,
he
ought
to
be
pourtray'd
as
a
Monster
,
a
Miracle
of
Fatness
;
since
he
is
the
greatest
Glutton
in
the
World
,
hourly
gurmundizing
on
all
manner
of
Flesh
,
and
is
the
very
Original
,
Universal
Cannibal
of
Nature
,
who
from
the
Beginning
of
the
World
has
feasted
himself
with
Humane
Bodies
.
But
,
perhaps
,
he
has
a
bad
Digestion
,
and
none
of
all
his
raw
and
bloody
Diet
,
will
afford
Nutriment
enough
to
form
so
much
as
a
poor
Skin
to
cover
his
Nakedness
.
And
,
therefore
't
is
he
's
always
drawn
in
this
lean
Figure
.
Courteous
Bassa
,
suffer
me
from
this
vain
Jest
,
to
fall
into
a
serious
Reflection
on
our
Mortality
,
and
the
frail
Estate
of
Humane
Race
.
Man
's
but
a
fetid
Vapour
,
first
exhal'd
from
the
Earth
,
and
afterwards
advancing
,
is
condens'd
into
a
Cloud
,
that
so
his
Filthiness
may
be
conceal'd
under
the
Covert
of
a
Skin
,
there
in
Secret
to
engender
a
Thousand
Meteors
of
Fiery
Passions
,
Lusts
,
Concupiscences
,
and
Extravagant
Thoughts
.
Which
in
time
burst
forth
,
and
trouble
all
the
World
:
Yet
end
at
last
in
empty
Smoak
,
Rain
,
Hail
,
or
Wind
,
and
are
extinct
almost
as
soon
as
they
were
form'd
.
The
Elements
of
which
we
are
compounded
,
may
serve
as
Mirrours
to
represent
the
constant
Mutability
of
our
Nature
.
So
the
devouring
Fire
,
when
all
its
Fuel
is
spent
,
decays
and
dies
.
Earth
,
Air
,
and
Water
,
all
are
subject
to
Corruption
,
and
from
thence
our
Generation
takes
its
Rise
:
likewise
thither
we
return
again
.
This
is
the
Eternal
Circle
of
Natural
Products
.
The
Trees
,
the
Flowers
,
with
all
the
Vegetable
Race
;
the
Birds
,
the
Beasts
,
and
Fishes
,
with
every
Species
of
Animals
,
are
so
many
Remembrancers
of
our
Mortality
.
Which
way
soe'er
we
turn
our
Eyes
,
they
are
presented
with
fresh
Images
of
Humane
Weakness
.
And
the
very
Breath
,
which
does
prolong
our
Life
,
helps
equally
to
shorten
it
,
since
every
Respiration
carries
away
some
Portion
of
our
Substance
.
Our
finer
Particles
gradually
vanish
into
Smoak
,
and
Air
,
whilst
the
more
gross
Remainder
scums
off
in
noisome
Excrements
.
And
if
there
appear
a
Shew
of
any
thing
solid
in
us
at
our
Death
,
't
is
soon
reduc'd
to
Ashes
,
Dirt
,
or
Worms
.
Our
Bodies
,
of
which
we
make
so
great
Account
whilst
living
,
are
lost
in
the
Abyss
of
Universal
Matter
,
soon
after
Death
.
What
were
the
greatest
Prince
the
happier
,
tho'
he
possess'd
the
whole
Circumference
of
this
Globe
?
'T
is
but
a
Mighty
Heap
of
Dirt
,
or
Dung
,
perpetually
exhaling
or
crumbling
away
.
'T
is
one
of
the
Dishes
which
compose
the
Banquet
of
All-devouring
Time
.
And
whilst
the
insulting
Monarchs
of
the
Earth
trample
on
it
in
Disdain
,
spreading
their
Armies
far
and
wide
,
and
boasting
that
their
Empires
have
no
Bounds
;
each
do's
but
hasten
to
be
shut
up
himself
within
a
little
,
obscure
and
putrid
Hole
,
not
much
surpassing
the
Limits
of
a
Mole-Hill
.
Great
Bassa
,
Let
not
the
Honours
and
Dignities
thou
possessest
,
make
thee
forget
the
Miseries
to
which
thou
art
liable
each
Hour
:
But
,
remember
thou
art
a
Man
.
Paris
,
the
6th
.
of
the
11th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1669.
LETTER
XIII
.
To
the
Kaimacham
.
HEre
is
arriv'd
a
Muta-faraca
,
call'd
Solyman
Ismael
,
with
Expresses
from
the
Grand
Signior
.
'T
was
no
small
Refreshment
to
see
his
publick
Entry
,
which
appear'd
like
a
little
Epitome
of
the
Mussulman
Grandeur
and
Magnificence
.
The
Young
Rabble
were
as
curious
to
be
Spectators
of
this
Eastern
Cavalcade
,
as
the
Romans
were
fond
of
beholding
the
Secular
Plays
,
which
were
exhibited
but
once
in
an
Age.
Nay
,
People
of
all
Ranks
,
Ages
,
and
Qualities
,
fill'd
the
Streets
,
the
Windows
,
and
Battlements
of
their
Houses
:
Some
,
because
they
never
saw
such
a
fight
before
;
others
,
despairing
that
they
should
live
long
enough
to
be
Witnesses
of
such
another
.
Yet
with
all
their
Curiosity
,
none
but
the
Ministers
of
State
are
able
to
dive
into
the
least
Secret
of
his
Instructions
.
These
willing
communicate
the
Titles
which
the
Great
Arbiter
of
the
Earth
,
gives
the
French
King
.
That
so
not
only
his
Subjects
,
but
Neighbouring
Nations
may
conceive
the
profounder
Veneration
for
him
,
without
penetrating
the
Measures
he
takes
.
This
is
an
Artifice
common
to
all
States
,
to
turn
the
best
Side
outermost
;
only
the
Hollanders
excepted
,
who
,
in
the
Days
of
their
Revolt
from
the
King
of
Spain
,
cou'd
not
so
much
as
put
a
good
Face
on
a
bad
Matter
:
But
were
forc'd
to
expose
their
Poverty
and
Nakedness
,
as
well
as
suffer
under
it
;
addressing
themselves
to
Elizabeth
,
then
Queen
of
England
,
in
the
Character
of
,
The
Poor
Distressed
States
of
Holland
,
and
so
begging
her
Assistance
.
However
,
Solyman
has
faithfully
imparted
to
me
his
Affairs
,
as
I
have
reason
to
believe
.
He
's
too
well
born
,
and
bred
,
possesses
more
Reason
and
Wit
,
than
to
amuse
the
Old
Man
in
the
Cassock
,
(
so
they
call
me
here
in
the
Streets
,
who
know
me
not
by
any
other
Character
;
so
Private
is
Mahmut
in
Paris
,
at
this
Hour
,
notwithstanding
all
his
publick
Sufferings
.
)
I
esteem
Ismael
as
one
fit
to
represent
the
Grand
Signior's
Person
among
better
People
than
Infidels
:
Yet
,
I
tell
thee
,
the
French
are
the
most
refin'd
of
all
the
Western
Giafers
.
Ismael
understands
the
Force
of
the
Civil
Laws
,
which
he
learn'd
from
Justinian's
Code
,
and
other
Books
:
For
he
is
perfect
in
Greek
and
Latin
,
and
has
bestow'd
some
Years
in
reading
their
Book
,
both
Prints
and
Manuscripts
.
He
makes
a
very
Personable
Figure
,
being
Tall
,
Full-body'd
,
Well-shap'd
,
and
not
of
an
ugly
Face
;
which
is
enough
to
be
said
of
a
Man
,
design'd
for
Business
,
and
not
only
for
Love
.
He
's
never
in
danger
of
falling
under
Cato's
Censure
,
who
seeing
Two
Embassadors
sent
from
Rome
to
a
Foreign
State
,
one
of
which
had
his
Head
so
little
,
that
it
could
hardly
be
distinguish'd
from
that
of
an
Owl
;
and
the
other
such
a
Cripple
,
that
he
cou'd
not
walk
without
a
Cripple
,
that
he
cou'd
not
walk
without
Stilts
;
cry'd
out
,
Here
's
an
Embassy
which
has
neither
Head
nor
Tail
.
And
then
,
our
Muta-faraca
is
rich
:
He
supports
the
Charges
of
his
Commission
,
with
extraordinary
Munificence
.
His
House
is
already
become
the
Sanctuary
of
all
the
distress'd
Levantines
,
whether
Greeks
,
Armenians
,
or
Followers
of
the
Prophet
:
and
he
speaks
French
as
readily
as
a
Native
.
Yet
he
Dissembles
his
Expertness
in
that
Language
,
to
keep
up
the
State
and
Reservedness
of
the
Ottoman
Empire
,
which
disdains
to
condescend
to
any
other
Speech
,
than
Turkish
,
or
Arabick
.
Besides
,
he
has
the
Advantage
,
by
thus
artificially
shutting
his
Ears
,
that
he
can
at
one
time
both
hear
and
be
deaf
;
understand
and
be
ignorant
of
whatsoever
is
said
by
the
Spies
of
the
French
King
.
And
this
is
no
small
Gift
in
a
Man
of
his
Character
and
Trust
.
For
he
had
need
of
an
Angel
,
or
a
Devil
at
's
Elbow
,
that
thinks
to
over-reach
this
Court.
Above
all
,
I
believe
our
Solyman
will
never
be
guilty
of
the
Error
committed
by
the
Embassadors
sent
from
Tenedos
to
one
of
the
Roman
Emperors
.
I
'm
sure
he
is
not
yet
.
For
,
those
Gentlemen
had
seen
the
Death
of
the
Emperor's
Son
,
Eleven
Moons
,
and
Fourteen
Days
,
as
the
Story
says
,
before
they
knew
't
was
their
Duty
to
make
an
Address
of
Condolence
:
Or
,
at
least
,
before
they
call'd
it
to
mind
;
for
,
they
were
drown'd
in
the
Roman
Luxury
.
So
that
,
when
they
came
to
perform
that
Devoir
,
the
Emperor
cou'd
not
forbear
to
Scoff
at
them
in
these
Terms
:
I
much
lament
,
said
he
,
the
Fate
of
the
Renowned
Hector
,
your
Country-Man
,
and
Champion
,
whom
Achilles
the
Grecian
kill'd
above
a
Thousand
Years
agoe
.
I
speak
this
in
a
particular
Regard
to
Solyman's
Deportment
here
.
For
,
when
he
first
came
to
this
Court
,
he
found
them
all
in
Mourning
for
the
Death
of
the
King's
Aunt
,
the
late
Queen
of
England
,
and
of
other
High
Personages
(
particularly
those
that
were
slain
in
the
late
Action
at
Candia
)
whereof
I
have
already
given
an
Account
to
the
Sublime
Port
,
in
another
Letter
.
Without
Instructions
he
very
demurely
accosted
the
King
,
and
told
him
,
"
There
cou'd
be
no
Dunalma
in
the
Ottoman
Empire
,
for
the
late
Success
at
Candia
,
so
long
as
the
French
Court
were
Mourners
.
"
This
was
a
sensible
Touch
to
those
that
understood
it
;
and
from
that
Moment
the
Grandees
and
Ministers
of
State
have
made
a
Difference
in
their
Entertainment
of
this
Ingenious
Muta-faraca
,
and
that
which
they
us'd
to
give
to
the
Chiauses
formerly
sent
from
the
Port.
I
can
assure
thee
,
he
is
,
at
the
same
time
,
very
Blunt
,
and
very
Elegant
,
in
his
Discourse
.
There
's
Fire
in
every
word
he
utters
,
to
warm
and
refresh
,
if
they
take
it
at
a
due
Distance
;
but
,
if
they
approach
too
near
,
he
scorches
their
Spirits
,
and
puts
them
into
a
Choler
,
they
dare
not
shew
.
They
consume
inwardly
in
their
own
Despight
:
yet
cannot
help
themselves
.
Doubtless
,
the
King
of
France
is
the
Greatest
Monarch
,
the
most
Powerful
and
Victorious
Prince
in
Christendom
,
the
only
Invincible
Emperor
of
the
Western
Franks
.
Yet
he
veils
to
our
Majestick
Sovereign
,
Lord
of
the
whole
Earth
.
And
our
Eunuch
will
not
part
with
a
Tittle
of
his
Master's
Honour
,
or
give
any
Advantage
by
an
Easiness
worthy
of
Blame
,
in
a
case
that
may
be
turn'd
to
a
Precedent
.
He
is
very
happy
in
his
Repartees
,
as
thou
wilt
perceive
by
the
Answer
he
gave
to
a
French
Lord
yesterday
,
when
he
ask'd
him
,
Whether
he
thought
it
not
a
Violation
of
the
Civil
Law
,
for
Embassadors
to
be
Imprison'd
,
as
they
often
are
at
the
Ottoman
Port
?
No
,
(
says
Solyman
)
it
is
not
,
where
the
Embassador
is
guilty
of
Treason
,
or
Crimen
laesae
Majestatis
.
But
,
if
it
were
,
you
French
-
men
have
the
least
Reason
to
accuse
us
of
it
,
since
we
first
learn'd
this
Maxim
from
the
Back-side
of
your
Salick
Law
,
where
't
is
Endors'd
.
And
then
he
produc'd
Twenty
several
Instances
of
this
Kind
in
the
Court
of
France
.
In
a
word
,
Solyman
has
hitherto
acquitted
himself
with
Marvellous
Success
,
in
every
thing
;
tho'
the
French
Grandees
often
set
upon
him
to
try
what
Metal
he
is
made
of
,
having
generally
a
mean
Opinion
of
Mussulmans
,
because
Learning
is
so
little
countenanc'd
among
us
.
I
have
no
Matter
of
News
to
acquaint
thee
with
,
save
that
a
violent
Plague
broke
forth
not
long
agoe
at
Soissons
;
and
a
terrible
Earthquake
in
Sicily
,
frighted
the
Inhabitants
of
Catanea
,
and
the
adjacent
Towns
,
from
their
Habitations
;
After
one
whole
Village
had
been
swallow'd
up
.
Those
who
were
curious
to
pry
into
the
Cause
of
these
particular
Convulsions
,
and
that
affrighting
Overthrow
,
perceiv'd
,
after
diligent
Search
,
that
it
proceeded
from
a
new
Eruption
,
or
Breach
,
in
Mount
Gibell
,
about
Two
Miles
from
Catanea
:
Where
the
Horrid
Chasm
vomited
forth
Floods
of
Fire
,
with
Flaming
Stones
;
which
being
carried
violently
through
the
Air
,
for
the
space
of
near
a
League
round
about
,
at
last
fell
down
in
Flaming
Showers
,
or
Cataracts
,
producing
sad
,
and
Calamitous
Effects
in
the
Neighbouring
Country
.
Serene
Minister
,
it
is
evident
that
the
Judgments
of
God
are
upon
these
Infidels
:
Yet
,
they
will
not
be
converted
from
their
Errors
,
and
Vices
.
They
have
felt
the
same
Tempest
of
Fire
which
overwhelm'd
the
Nine
Cities
of
the
Lake
Asphaltites
.
Yet
,
they
remain
Insensible
and
Obdurate
.
Surely
,
they
will
be
exterminated
from
the
Earth
.
Paris
,
4th
.
of
the
12th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1669.
The
End
of
the
SECOND
BOOK
.
LETTERS
Writ
by
A
Spy
at
PARIS
.
VOL.
VII
.
BOOK
III.
LETTER
I.
To
Mehement
,
an
Exil'd
Eunuch
,
at
Alcaire
in
Egypt
.
BE
no
longer
Melancholly
,
my
Friend
,
nor
sink
under
the
Burthen
of
thy
Misfortunes
.
Give
not
thy
Enemies
an
Occasion
of
double
Triumph
in
that
they
have
driven
thee
from
thy Self
,
as
well
as
from
the
Grand
Signior's
Happy
Presence
.
Thou
hast
Money
and
Jewels
enough
left
to
purchase
thee
a
competent
Felicity
any
where
.
Or
,
at
least
,
thou
hast
Vertue
,
which
renders
every
Place
a
Paradise
.
Associate
thy self
with
the
other
Exiles
in
that
City
,
Victims
to
a
Royal
Caprice
;
suffer'd
with
all
their
Immense
Riches
,
to
make
a
Pompous
and
Magnificent
Entry
into
that
Metropolis
of
Egypt
,
but
soon
after
stript
of
all
their
Wealth
,
and
Sacrific'd
to
the
Court-Avarice
.
So
were
the
Consecrated
Bulls
of
old
,
dress'd
up
in
stately
Equipage
,
their
Horns
and
Hoofs
all
gilded
o'er
with
Gold
,
adorn'd
with
Ribbands
of
costly
Silks
,
their
Bodies
cover'd
o'er
with
Mantles
of
Broccade
and
Tissue
,
embroider'd
with
Pearls
and
Precious
Stones
,
and
trailing
on
the
Pavements
of
Apollo's
Temple
:
Whilst
the
Priests
stood
ready
at
the
Altar
to
dispatch
whole
Hecatombs
of
these
gay
Sacrifices
.
Your
Case
is
not
so
bad
at
Caire
,
in
that
your
Lives
are
spar'd
,
and
you
at
Liberty
to
carve
new
Fortunes
to
your selves
,
where
e'er
you
please
.
You
ought
to
aid
and
counsel
one
another
in
your
Misfortunes
.
It
is
a
Comfort
to
the
Miserable
,
to
have
Companions
in
their
sad
Estate
.
Insinuate
thy self
into
the
Bassa's
Favour
.
He
may
do
something
to
Alleviate
thy
Grief
.
He
'll
measure
thy
Circumstances
by
his
own
;
considering
that
he
has
but
Three
Years
to
enjoy
his
present
Wealth
and
Grandeur
.
Go
to
the
banish'd
Mufti
,
if
he
be
living
at
Caire
;
desire
his
Spiritual
Advice
:
Perhaps
thou
may'st
receive
in
to
the
Bargain
some
Temporal
Advantage
from
it
.
He
has
a
greater
Influence
on
some
of
the
Egyptian
Beys
,
than
the
Grand
Signior
has
himself
.
You
're
all
alike
embark'd
in
one
Affliction
,
whose
Essence
do's
consist
in
being
degraded
from
your
former
Honours
,
(
tho'
in
different
Degrees
)
and
being
separated
from
your
Friends
,
that
bask
in
the
immediate
Lustre
of
Imperial
Dignity
.
It
is
your
Business
therefore
now
,
to
find
out
some
new
Source
of
Happiness
:
to
make
New
Friends
,
since
you
have
lost
the
Old
;
or
,
at
least
,
to
prop
up
one
another
by
a
mutual
Friendship
,
not
to
be
Broke
or
Dissipated
,
but
by
a
Destiny
equal
to
the
former
.
And
then
you
have
no
more
to
do
,
but
prosecute
your
several
Interests
,
and
be
resign'd
to
Fate
.
As
for
thee
,
I
am
particularly
sollicitous
;
being
engag'd
together
from
our
Youth
,
by
a
Reciprocal
Participation
of
Good
Offices
,
which
was
the
Effect
of
a
deep
rooted
and
strong
Sympathy
.
The
Agreeableness
of
Humour
,
united
first
our
Souls
,
and
taught
us
the
Mysterious
Lessons
of
Platonick
Love
.
We
saw
each
other
,
and
were
straight
inspir'd
with
sacred
Inclinations
.
My
Eye
no
sooner
fix'd
on
thine
,
but
through
that
Perspective
I
could
see
the
inward
Vertue
of
thy
Soul
,
which
immediately
produc'd
a
Veneration
in
my
Breast
:
And
I
soon
found
our
Hearts
heat
Time
to
one
another
.
This
generous
Passion
afterwards
encreas'd
as
we
grew
up
;
and
what
it
lost
of
its
First
Violence
,
it
gain'd
by
acquiring
a
more
lasting
Strength
,
more
durable
Integrity
and
constant
Faithfulness
.
Our
Joys
and
Griefs
were
still
the
same
.
No
Prosperous
or
Adverse
Fortune
cou'd
ever
change
our
Minds
,
to
warp
us
either
to
Flattery
or
Contempt
:
But
with
an
even
Mind
we
still
sustain'd
the
different
Accidents
of
Humane
Life
,
and
propp'd
up
one
another
with
tight
Affection
;
till
't
was
the
Will
of
Fate
to
separate
us
,
I
being
made
a
Slave
in
Sicily
,
whilst
thou
enjoy'dst
the
Smiles
and
Favours
of
thy
Infant-Fortune
,
which
introduc'd
thee
first
to
the
Serail
'
.
Afterwards
I
gain'd
my
Freedom
,
and
return'd
to
the
Imperial
City
,
and
to
the
Palace
of
the
Sultan
.
But
was
not
suffer'd
long
to
enjoy
that
Happiness
,
being
appointed
for
this
hazardous
Post
in
Paris
.
I
tell
thee
,
Mehemet
,
I
reckon
my
Case
far
worse
than
thine
,
in
that
I
am
forc'd
to
take
my
constant
Residence
up
among
these
Infidels
.
Cou'd
my
propitious
Stars
encourage
me
but
with
the
smallest
Hopes
to
change
my
present
Course
of
Life
,
I
'd
ne'er
repine
at
what
is
past
,
but
please
my self
with
flattering
Prospects
of
some
future
and
unknown
Felicity
.
But
,
to
be
irrevocably
chain'd
down
to
the
Oar
,
without
a
Glimpse
of
any
Sign
that
I
shall
ever
be
reliev'd
,
is
worse
than
Death
it self
.
Whereas
,
on
the
other
side
,
thou
art
dispos'd
of
in
the
happiest
Region
of
the
Earth
;
Egypt
,
the
Mother
of
Sciences
,
the
Midwife
of
Celestial
Secrets
;
the
Nurse
of
Sages
,
Saints
,
and
Prophets
;
the
Granary
of
the
Mussulman
Empire
;
and
the
Refuge
of
Distressed
Mortals
.
Oh!
Mehemet
,
prize
the
vast
Advantage
thou
hast
of
me
,
and
others
of
thy
Fellow-Slaves
.
Improve
thy
Privilege
,
and
Opportunity
of
ranging
where
thou
list
.
Go
,
visit
all
the
Antiquities
of
Egypt
,
and
trace
her
Borders
to
the
West
and
South
.
If
this
will
not
divert
thy
Melancholy
,
go
farther
yet
,
and
search
the
mighty
Cataracts
of
the
Nile
,
which
deafen
Mortals
with
their
Fall
.
Go
view
the
Mountains
of
the
Moon
in
Aethiopia
:
Or
,
see
the
Desolation
of
the
Smoaky
Vale
,
and
of
the
Cities
,
whose
Inhabitants
were
in
a
Minute
Metamorphos'd
into
Stones
,
as
a
Memorial
of
Eternal
Vengeance
against
crying
Sins
.
But
,
after
all
,
my
Mehemet
,
depart
not
from
thy
Reason
,
Loyalty
and
Faith
.
For
these
are
Armour-Proof
against
the
Assaults
of
Chance
and
Destiny
,
of
Men
and
Devils
,
of
Earth
and
Hell
.
And
when
thy
Travels
are
finish'd
here
on
Earth
,
those
Vertues
will
not
fail
to
carry
thee
to
Heaven
.
Paris
,
5th
.
of
the
4th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1670.
LETTER
II.
To
the
same
.
I
Cannot
forbear
giving
thee
the
Trouble
of
another
Letter
by
this
Post
;
that
I
may
yet
more
encourage
thee
to
a
Vertuous
Resignation
to
the
Will
of
Fate
,
which
,
thou
know'st
,
is
Inexorable
.
There
is
an
Eternal
Law
fix'd
in
the
Universe
,
which
admits
of
no
Repeal
.
No
Prayers
,
or
Tears
of
Passionate
Mortals
;
no
Vows
,
Alms
,
Pilgrimages
,
or
any
Supererrogating
Works
can
move
the
Destinies
.
They
're
more
Inflexible
than
the
Judges
of
the
old
Athenian
Areopagus
.
And
the
Unchangeable
Edicts
of
the
Median
Empire
might
sooner
be
revers'd
than
the
Decrees
of
Fate
.
If
thou
cou'dst
make
Corban
with
a
Hundred
Thousand
Sheep
,
and
feed
the
Poor
of
all
the
East
,
according
to
the
Mussulman
Practice
;
or
Sacrifice
as
many
Bulls
,
after
the
Fashion
of
the
Ancient
Gentiles
:
could'st
thou
monopolize
all
the
Aromaticks
of
the
Orient
,
to
compound
the
most
exalted
Incense
,
and
make
a
Pyramid
of
Odoriferous
Smoak
ascend
,
high
as
the
Shadow
of
the
Earth
at
Midnight
,
whereby
the
Heaven
of
Heavens
shou'd
be
all
perfum'd
,
and
every
sleeping
Deity
shou'd
be
awaken'd
by
the
Fragrant
Smell
;
could'st
thou
bribe
the
Quires
above
,
to
tune
the
Spheres
anew
,
and
raise
the
sweetest
Harmony
,
that
ever
reach'd
the
Eternal
Sense
;
yet
all
wou'd
not
prevail
,
to
alter
the
Resolves
of
Heaven
,
or
re-instate
thee
in
thy
former
Honour
.
No!
my
Mehmet
,
thou
art
lost
for
ever
at
the
Serail
'
:
The
Face
of
Things
is
chang'd
,
since
thou
hast
been
in
Egypt
.
Thy
Friends
are
all
dispers'd
abroad
i'
th'
World
,
or
Dead
;
which
is
but
another
kind
of
Separation
.
There
are
no
Hopes
now
left
thee
,
of
e'er
returning
again
to
that
Proud
City
,
which
inherits
the
Character
of
Ancient
Rome
,
The
Lady
of
the
Earth
.
I
wish
the
Roman
Luxury
be
not
alike
entail'd
.
Rouze
up
,
my
Friend
,
and
look
not
on
thy
State
,
through
the
deceitful
Opticks
of
thy
Passion
;
but
let
Reason
light
the
Prospect
.
Thou
wert
before
a
Slave
;
now
thou
art
free
,
and
Master
of
thy Self
.
However
,
to
rid
thee
of
the
very
Idea
of
phansy'd
Misery
,
I
counsel
thee
once
again
,
to
travel
.
Go
,
make
the
speediest
Retreat
thou
can'st
,
out
of
the
Limits
of
the
Ottoman
Empire
,
that
thou
may'st
forget
thy
Cares
and
Fears
.
Take
not
thy
Way
by
Barbary
,
nor
covet
to
see
the
Place
where
ancient
Carthage
was
situated
;
be
not
curious
to
enquire
after
Queen
Dido
,
Aeneas
,
or
Hannibal
,
or
to
hear
some
Stories
of
the
Famous
Scipio
.
Nor
wou'd
I
counsel
thee
to
pass
the
Kingdoms
of
Morocco
and
Fez.
For
,
tho'
those
Realms
pay
no
Obedience
to
the
Sultan
:
Yet
,
they
are
his
Allies
;
and
that
Reflection
will
always
keep
thee
in
Pain
.
Besides
,
the
sight
of
Mussulmans
will
terrifie
thy
Mind
and
fill
thee
with
a
Thousand
Apprehensions
.
Go
rather
the
directest
Way
thou
canst
,
unto
the
Kingdoms
of
the
Negro's
or
Black
People
,
inhabiting
the
Torrid
Zone
.
But
,
take
this
Rule
:
Be
sure
to
Coast
along
the
River
Nile
,
as
near
as
the
Roads
of
Africk
will
permit
:
That
so
thou
may'st
avoid
the
Horrible
and
Affrighting
Desarts
of
Libya
,
Nubia
,
and
Zanfar
,
with
other
Inhospitable
Mountainous
Parts
between
the
Tropick
of
Cancer
and
the
Equinox
.
For
,
thou
wilt
not
find
it
very
pleasant
to
encounter
and
converse
with
none
but
Dragons
,
Basilisks
,
and
other
Monsters
of
those
Regions
.
And
yet
,
for
ought
I
know
,
't
is
better
,
than
to
fall
into
the
Hands
of
Humane
Salvages
.
I
know
not
how
to
give
a
General
Character
of
the
Southern
Blacks
;
since
every
Province
varies
in
its
particular
Principles
,
Customs
,
Laws
,
and
Institutions
.
The
Abyssines
are
Christians
;
so
are
the
Inhabitants
of
Congo
,
Songo
,
Angola
,
and
other
Countries
bordering
on
the
Upper
Aethiopia
.
Those
that
dwell
along
the
Red
Sea
,
are
generally
Mahometans
.
They
discourse
also
of
a
very
Populous
Country
thereabouts
,
possess'd
by
Jews
alone
.
And
there
are
Authors
who
assert
a
Female
Kingdom
;
a
Nation
of
Amazons
.
'T
is
certain
,
on
the
Western
Side
they
're
all
Pagans
.
It
will
be
worth
thy
Labour
,
to
observe
the
different
Humours
of
these
People
,
and
make
Comparison
between
the
Ancient
and
this
Modern
Gentilism
;
to
abstract
their
Morals
from
their
Superstitions
:
And
tell
me
then
,
whether
they
do
not
better
deserve
the
Title
of
True
Believers
,
than
we
Mussulmans
,
since
they
act
according
to
their
Faith
,
whereas
we
go
by
a
quite
contrary
Method
.
They
believe
no
other
Gods
but
their
Domestick
Priests
,
and
these
they
never
willingly
offend
.
Whereas
,
whilst
we
profess
the
Eternal
Vnity
,
we
scruple
not
to
sin
against
Him
every
Hour
.
They
Circumcise
,
Wash
,
Pray
,
Abstain
from
Meats
,
give
Alms
as
well
as
we
.
Their
Justice
is
as
strict
,
their
Mercy
soft
as
ours
.
In
fine
,
they
're
Men
differing
from
us
,
only
in
Colour
,
Education
,
and
the
peculiar
Maxims
of
their
Country
,
which
they
rigorously
observe
,
and
hope
for
Happiness
thereby
,
as
we
do
by
Obeying
the
Law
brought
down
from
Heaven
.
Mehement
,
Our
Holy
Prophet
has
said
,
"
That
whosoever
lives
innocently
and
does
Justice
,
whether
he
be
a
Christian
,
Jew
,
or
Pagan
,
shall
be
sav'd
as
well
as
his
Disciples
.
"
Therefore
in
all
thy
Travels
,
despise
not
any
Man
for
his
Religion
,
be
it
never
so
ridiculous
in
Appearance
;
provided
he
be
Good
and
Honest
in
his
Conversation
:
Much
less
contemn
those
Africans
for
their
Colour
;
since
Black
and
White
are
all
alike
to
him
who
first
gave
Man
the
Power
to
know
the
Difference
.
Mehemet
,
if
thou
acceptest
my
Advice
,
take
also
my
Wishes
for
thy
good
Voyage
and
Prosperity
.
Paris
,
5th
.
of
the
4th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1670.
LETTER
III.
To
the
Mufti
,
Venerable
Patron
of
Learning
and
Knowledge
.
FRom
thy
Clemency
I
will
not
fear
a
Charge
of
Negligence
,
in
that
I
have
delay'd
to
perform
the
Task
thou
enjoinedst
me
.
Thou
know'st
my
Circumstances
,
and
wilt
consider
,
That
tho'
I
have
read
Books
,
yet
I
have
not
a
Library
of
my
own
.
'T
is
true
,
I
often
frequent
those
of
this
City
,
but
my
Seasons
are
limited
,
either
to
those
Hours
when
the
Libraries
are
open'd
,
or
to
those
I
can
spare
from
the
Affairs
of
my
Commission
.
I
cannot
serve
the
Grand
Signior
,
and
follow
my
Studies
both
at
once
.
Yet
I
have
out-pass'd
Frugality
,
and
turn'd
a
Niggard
of
my
time
,
that
I
might
obey
the
great
Oracle
of
True
Believers
,
and
promote
a
Work
,
for
which
I
have
so
passionate
a
Regard
.
The
Enclos'd
Paper
contains
the
Size
of
the
Volume
,
which
I
conceive
will
be
most
proper
for
so
great
a
Work
,
with
the
Contrivance
of
the
Pages
,
which
I
have
divided
into
Columns
,
that
so
the
Years
of
the
World
,
the
Date
of
the
Olympiads
,
with
other
Remarkable
Aera's
,
may
be
rank'd
in
Order
,
each
Parallell
with
the
rest
,
and
all
with
the
Matter
treated
of
at
such
a
Time
.
This
I
have
done
in
the
enclos'd
Paper
,
not
thinking
it
proper
to
interrupt
the
Series
of
my
Letter
,
with
a
blank
Scheme
,
which
is
for
the
Use
of
the
Compilers
;
but
to
present
thee
with
a
transient
View
of
the
Four
Monarchies
,
which
have
made
such
a
noise
in
the
World
;
wherein
thou
need'st
not
fear
the
Fatigue
of
a
tedious
continued
History
;
for
I
design
only
to
cull
out
such
Passages
as
are
most
Diverting
,
and
worthy
of
Perusal
.
To
begin
then
with
the
Assyrian
Monarchy
,
which
was
the
First
of
the
Four
:
This
Nation
was
,
for
a
great
while
,
contented
with
its
own
Bounds
,
without
seeking
to
encroach
on
the
Territories
of
others
.
And
Ninus
was
the
First
of
the
Assyrian
Kings
,
who
enlarg'd
his
Dominions
by
Conquest
.
He
subdu'd
the
greatest
part
of
Asia
,
and
rais'd
Assyria
to
the
Title
of
an
Empire
.
After
his
Death
,
Semiramis
his
Wife
,
took
upon
her
the
Government
,
counterfeiting
the
Person
of
Ninyas
,
his
Son
,
who
was
as
yet
but
a
Child
.
She
wore
the
Habit
of
a
Man
,
and
being
like
her
Son
,
pass'd
for
him
,
as
the
lawful
Successor
,
unsuspected
.
This
Virago
enlarg'd
the
Conquests
of
her
Husband
,
and
spread
her
Empire
from
India
to
Aethiopia
;
and
to
lay
the
Foundation
of
an
immortal
Fame
,
she
built
Babylon
.
To
her
,
succeeded
Ninyas
her
Son
,
of
whom
nothing
is
Remarkable
but
his
Effeminacy
.
For
neglecting
the
Affairs
of
War
,
he
spent
all
his
Time
among
his
Concubines
.
And
the
same
Stain
is
fasten'd
on
his
Successors
,
even
to
Sardanapalus
;
in
whose
Death
the
Assyrian
Monarchy
suffer'd
an
Interruption
,
being
Cantoniz'd
into
Petty
Royalties
,
by
the
Governours
of
Provinces
.
Among
whom
,
those
who
assum'd
the
Crown
of
Babylon
,
were
of
most
Note
,
in
regard
they
first
recover'd
the
broken
Empire
to
its
Old
Grandeur
and
Unity
.
By
a
Succession
therefore
of
many
Kings
,
in
Reference
to
whose
Actions
History
is
silent
,
the
Monarchy
descended
to
Merodach
Baladan
:
In
whose
Days
happen'd
that
wonderful
Retrogradation
of
the
Sun
,
mention'd
by
Hebrew
Writers
and
others
,
which
occasion'd
those
Famous
Controversies
among
the
Philosophers
,
and
Astronomers
of
that
Age
,
mention'd
in
the
Persian
Chronicles
.
For
they
observing
,
that
not
only
the
Sun
,
but
the
whole
Planetary
System
,
and
all
the
Fixed
Stars
went
back
at
the
same
Time
,
or
at
least
seem'd
to
do
so
,
began
to
revive
that
curious
Question
,
about
the
Motion
of
the
Earth
,
which
the
Chaldaeans
,
and
Gymnosophists
of
India
had
started
before
,
when
the
Sun
and
Moon
stood
still
at
the
burning
of
Ida.
And
it
was
concluded
by
some
of
'em
,
That
the
Motion
of
the
Earth
being
granted
,
its
standing
still
,
or
going
back
at
these
extraordinary
Times
,
would
solve
all
the
Astronomical
Appearances
better
,
and
in
a
more
Natural
Way
,
than
by
supposing
such
a
Prodigious
Stop
to
be
put
to
the
whole
Coelestial
Frame
at
one
time
,
or
that
the
Everlasting
Spheres
shou'd
be
Rowl'd
backwards
at
the
other
.
This
Dispute
was
the
Occasion
of
that
famous
Conflux
of
the
Eastern
Sages
to
Babylon
,
mention'd
in
the
Persian
Poets
,
and
Historians
.
For
Baladan
being
very
Inquisitive
after
Knowledge
,
and
particularly
desirous
to
be
inform'd
in
the
Grounds
of
this
Preternatural
Appearance
,
sent
Messengers
into
India
,
Egypt
,
Persia
,
and
all
Kingdoms
,
where
Learning
flourish'd
;
inviting
the
Astrologers
,
Priests
,
Magicians
,
Prophets
,
and
all
that
had
the
Character
of
Wise-Men
,
to
come
to
his
Court
at
Babylon
,
where
they
were
magnificently
entertain'd
;
and
when
they
had
fully
satisfied
all
the
King's
Demands
,
he
sent
them
away
laden
with
Gifts
and
Presents
,
every
Man
to
his
own
Country
.
Arkianus
succeeded
Baladan
in
the
Kingdom
of
Babylon
,
in
whose
time
Ecbatane
was
built
.
To
him
succeeded
Belithus
,
Aphronadius
,
Rigibelus
,
Messissimerdacus
;
after
whom
the
Kingdom
was
again
translated
to
the
Assyrians
,
in
the
Reign
of
Escharhaddon
,
in
the
3323d
.
Year
of
the
World
,
and
the
24th
.
Olympiad
.
During
the
Empire
of
this
Escharhaddon
the
Assyrian
Monarch
,
Chalcedon
that
lies
over
against
the
Imperial
City
,
was
built
by
the
Thracians
,
in
the
25th
.
Olympiad
,
and
3329th
.
Year
of
the
World
.
To
Escharhaddon
succeeded
Saosduchinus
,
Chyladanus
,
Nabopolassar
;
in
the
Reign
of
which
last
,
Necho
King
of
Egypt
,
attempted
to
cut
a
Canal
from
the
Nile
to
the
Red-Sea
,
wherein
he
employ'd
an
Hundred
and
Twenty
Thousand
Egyptians
;
but
discourag'd
by
the
slow
Progress
they
made
,
and
the
vast
Expences
he
was
at
,
he
gave
it
over
.
This
Nabopolassar
,
once
more
rais'd
the
Kingdom
of
Babylon
to
an
Vniversal
Monarchy
;
for
before
his
Time
it
had
been
for
some
Years
in
the
Hands
of
the
Assyrians
;
but
he
subdu'd
all
Syria
,
Phoenicia
,
Judaea
,
and
Egypt
,
and
expell'd
the
Scythians
out
of
Asia
.
To
him
succeeded
his
Son
Nebuchadnezzar
,
who
dreamt
of
the
Four
Vniversal
Monarchies
,
that
were
to
succeed
one
another
.
In
his
Reign
was
born
the
Grand
Cyrus
,
who
rais'd
the
Persian
Monarchy
.
Of
him
it
is
Recorded
,
That
one
Night
he
dreamed
,
The
Sun
stood
at
his
Feet
,
whom
when
Cyrus
Thrice
attempted
to
lay
hold
on
,
the
Sun
as
often
disappear'd
:
Which
the
Magi
interpreted
,
as
a
sure
Sign
that
he
should
Reign
Thirty
Years
,
which
came
to
pass
accordingly
.
During
this
Reign
,
there
was
a
Notable
Duel
fought
between
Pittacus
,
one
of
the
Seven
Wise
Men
of
Greece
,
and
Phrynon
the
most
Renowned
Combatant
of
those
Days
;
for
he
always
won
the
Prize
at
the
Olympick
Games
.
He
was
General
of
the
Athenians
;
and
being
puff'd
up
with
his
constant
Successes
,
he
defy'd
any
Man
to
a
single
Combat
.
Pittacus
the
Sage
,
accepted
the
Challenge
;
and
when
they
were
hotly
engag'd
in
the
Field
,
he
suddenly
threw
a
silken
Net
over
Phrynon's
Head
,
and
having
thus
entangled
him
,
thrust
him
through
with
his
Lance.
This
was
that
great
Nebuchadnezzar
,
who
having
besieg'd
and
taken
Jerusalem
,
burnt
it
down
to
the
Ground
,
raz'd
the
Walls
,
and
carry'd
away
all
the
Jews
with
their
Riches
into
Captivity
to
Babylon
.
Afterwards
having
Conquer'd
all
the
Neighbouring
Nations
,
he
new
built
Babylon
,
and
enclos'd
it
with
Three
Walls
:
He
also
built
those
Pendulous
Gardens
,
Renowned
throughout
the
Earth
;
and
made
those
Brazen
Gates
which
were
reckoned
among
the
Wonders
of
the
World
.
But
at
length
,
being
puff'd
up
with
the
Thought
of
his
Magnificent
Works
,
he
was
Metamorphos'd
into
a
Satyr
or
Sylvan
,
and
dwelt
Seven
Years
in
the
Desarts
of
Arabia
,
being
a
Companion
of
the
Brutes
.
My
Country-men
shew
the
Places
of
his
wild
Haunt
,
to
this
Day
;
having
receiv'd
it
by
Tradition
from
their
Fathers
.
They
say
also
,
that
Paremiel
,
the
Angel
of
the
Woods
,
when
the
Term
of
Seven
Years
was
expir'd
,
interceded
with
God
for
Nebuchadnezzar
,
who
thereupon
turn'd
him
into
a
Man
again
,
and
restor'd
him
to
his
Empire
.
He
dyed
peaceably
in
the
3442d
Year
of
the
World
,
and
the
43d
of
his
Reign
.
To
him
succeeded
Evil-Merodach
,
Neriglissor
,
Laborosoarchod
,
and
Labynitus
,
in
whose
Time
there
was
War
between
the
Babylonians
and
Persians
;
when
Cyrus
after
many
Victorious
Campaigns
,
at
last
laid
Siege
to
Babylon
,
took
the
City
,
and
translated
the
Empire
to
the
Persians
;
and
having
subdu'd
all
the
West
of
Asia
,
even
to
the
Red
Sea
,
he
died
at
Seventy
Years
of
Age
;
Commanding
his
Servants
not
to
Embalm
his
Body
,
nor
use
any
costly
Pomp
at
his
Funeral
,
but
burying
him
decently
like
a
Man
,
shou'd
cause
this
Epitaph
to
be
writ
on
his
Tomb
:
O
Mortals
,
I
am
Cyrus
who
laid
the
Foundation
of
the
Persian
Monarchy
,
and
was
Emperour
of
all
Asia
:
Therefore
envy
me
not
a
Grave
.
To
him
succeeded
Cambyses
his
Eldest
Son
,
who
marching
with
his
Army
into
Egypt
,
and
laying
Siege
to
Pelusium
,
caus'd
a
great
Number
of
Cows
,
Apes
,
Birds
and
other
Animals
to
be
plac'd
in
the
Front
of
his
Army
;
knowing
,
that
the
Egyptians
worship'd
such
for
Gods
,
and
consequently
wou'd
forbear
to
shoot
their
Arrows
that
way
:
By
which
Stratagem
he
took
the
City
,
and
afterward
Conquer'd
all
Egypt
,
carrying
away
many
Thousands
of
the
Egyptians
,
with
Foreigners
residing
there
,
into
Captivity
,
among
whom
was
Pythagoras
the
Philosopher
.
After
this
,
Cambyses
sent
Spies
under
the
Notion
of
Embassadors
to
the
King
of
Aethiopia
,
with
Rich
Presents
.
But
the
King
suspecting
what
was
their
Business
,
took
a
Bow
in
his
Hand
and
bent
it
,
as
tho'
he
wou'd
shoot
;
and
giving
it
to
the
Spies
,
he
bid
them
carry
it
to
their
Master
,
and
tell
him
,
That
when
he
and
his
Persians
had
learn'd
to
bend
Bows
of
that
Strength
,
he
might
think
of
invading
Aethiopia
,
and
not
before
,
for
that
the
Aethiopians
were
Gyants
in
Vigor
.
And
when
the
Spies
return'd
to
Cambyses
,
there
was
no
Man
found
among
his
Soldiers
which
was
able
to
bend
that
Bow
.
Yet
he
march'd
directly
toward
Aethiopia
with
a
Great
Army
;
Part
of
which
was
overwhelm'd
in
the
Sands
of
the
Desarts
,
to
the
Number
of
Fifty
Thousand
,
and
the
Rest
being
reduc'd
,
for
Want
of
Provisions
,
to
a
Necessity
of
eating
one
another
,
he
returned
in
a
great
Rage
to
Memphis
,
where
he
slew
Apis
the
God
of
the
Egyptians
,
and
caus'd
his
Priests
to
be
Massacred
.
He
also
slew
his
own
Brother
,
and
kill'd
his
Wife
because
she
mourn'd
for
him
.
He
shot
Prexaspes
through
with
an
Arrow
,
and
commanded
Twelve
Persian
Nobles
to
be
bury'd
Alive
:
He
set
Fire
to
the
Temples
,
blasphem'd
the
Gods
,
and
at
last
kill'd
himself
by
an
Accident
with
his
own
Sword
.
After
his
Death
,
the
Magi
Crown'd
one
of
their
own
Order
,
and
set
him
on
the
Throne
of
Persia
,
giving
out
that
he
was
Smerdes
the
Younger
Son
of
Cyrus
,
who
had
been
murder'd
by
the
Command
of
his
Brother
Cambyses
.
And
it
was
easy
to
carry
on
the
Fraud
,
in
regard
the
Persian
Kings
rarely
suffer
themselves
to
be
seen
;
which
is
a
Custom
,
thou
knowst
,
observ'd
by
all
the
Monarchs
in
the
East
.
One
Ostan
,
a
Persian
Prince
,
first
discover'd
the
Cheat
by
Means
of
his
Daughter
,
a
Concubine
of
the
King
's
:
For
she
,
by
his
Instruction
,
found
out
,
that
the
King
had
no
Ears
:
Which
was
a
convincing
Argument
that
he
was
one
of
the
Magi
,
whose
Ears
Cambyses
had
commanded
to
be
cut
off
.
This
Ostan
drawing
Six
other
Princes
into
a
Conspiracy
,
they
rush'd
into
the
Palace
,
and
kill'd
all
the
Magi
,
and
singl'd
out
of
their
own
Number
,
one
Darius
,
the
Son
of
Hystaspes
,
to
succeed
in
the
Throne
.
This
was
not
done
by
Election
,
but
by
Lot
:
For
they
agreed
to
meet
all
together
,
one
Morning
,
before
the
Palace
Gates
on
Horseback
;
and
that
he
whose
Horse
first
Neigh'd
,
after
the
Sun
was
up
,
shou'd
be
King
.
This
fell
to
Darius's
Share
,
by
the
Stratagem
of
his
'Squire
,
or
Master
of
the
Horse
.
Then
the
other
Princes
Crown'd
him
,
and
made
him
swear
by
the
Sun
and
the
Fire
,
that
he
wou'd
never
put
them
to
Death
,
or
deny
them
his
Presence
.
But
Darius
finding
himself
curb'd
by
these
Princes
,
was
resolv'd
to
rid
himself
of
such
dangerous
Companions
.
Wherefore
he
caused
a
Stove
to
be
built
on
purpose
for
a
Banquetting-House
,
and
so
artificially
contriv'd
that
the
Fire-place
being
under
the
Banquetting-Chamber
,
should
in
so
many
Hours
burn
asunder
the
Pillars
that
supported
the
said
Chamber
,
and
cause
the
Floor
to
fall
down
into
the
Fire
.
Then
he
invited
these
Princes
to
a
Feast
,
which
he
held
in
this
Banquetting-House
,
and
was
merry
with
them
till
the
Signal
was
given
for
him
to
depart
:
At
which
Time
he
left
them
in
the
midst
of
their
Mirth
;
and
within
a
while
after
he
was
gone
,
the
Floor
of
the
Chamber
fell
down
,
with
all
that
were
in
it
,
into
the
Fire
underneath
,
where
the
Princes
were
soon
consum'd
to
Ashes
.
After
this
,
Darius
manag'd
all
the
Affairs
of
his
Empire
without
Controul
.
He
rul'd
over
all
the
Provinces
of
Asia
,
from
India
to
Aethiopia
,
containing
above
a
Hundred
Kingdoms
.
He
extended
his
Conquests
to
the
Provinces
of
Greece
;
and
setting
forth
a
prodigious
Fleet
,
he
sail'd
into
the
Mediterranean
and
Archipelago
:
He
conquer'd
the
Islands
of
the
Aegean
Sea
,
reduc'd
Chalcedon
,
and
all
the
Cities
along
the
Hellespont
and
Propontis
,
even
Byzantium
it self
,
the
present
Seat
of
our
August
Emperours
.
At
length
,
having
Reigned
prosperously
Thirty
six
Years
,
he
died
,
and
left
Xerxes
his
Son
to
succeed
him
in
the
Throne
.
Thou
seest
,
Great
Guide
of
the
Faithfull
,
that
I
have
not
yet
reach'd
to
the
End
of
the
Persian
Monarchy
;
whereas
I
thought
to
have
comprehended
all
the
Four
in
one
Letter
:
For
I
have
only
touch'd
upon
the
most
Remarkable
Passages
,
omitting
the
main
Body
of
the
History
,
which
it
wou'd
be
too
tedious
for
thee
to
peruse
.
If
thou
approvest
what
I
have
written
,
I
will
continue
thus
to
abbreviate
the
History
of
the
Persian
,
Macedonian
,
and
Roman
'
Empires
in
other
Letters
:
But
if
thou
thinkest
what
I
have
already
writ
,
to
be
a
sufficient
Model
for
the
Compilers
of
an
Vniversal
History
,
I
submit
to
thy
Oraculous
Appointment
.
In
the
mean
time
,
I
pray
the
King
Eternal
,
who
Establishes
and
Dissolves
all
the
Empires
in
the
World
,
and
has
put
into
the
Possession
of
the
Grand
Signior
those
Ample
Tracts
of
the
Earth
which
formerly
belong'd
to
the
Successive
Monarchies
;
to
extend
the
Limits
of
the
Mussulman
Empire
through
the
Five
Zones
.
Paris
,
the
17th
.
of
the
6th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1670.
LETTER
IV.
To
Mirmadolin
,
Santone
of
the
Vale
of
Sidon
.
T
Was
a
long
time
before
I
could
find
out
the
True
Secret
of
Humane
Happiness
.
I
have
for
many
Years
grop'd
after
it
in
the
Dark
;
and
when
I
thought
I
enjoy'd
a
Prospect
of
it
,
as
clear
as
of
Things
we
discern
in
the
Light
of
a
Mid-day
Sun
;
that
Sun
was
little
better
than
the
Sol
Mortuorum
of
the
Ancient
Romans
,
whose
Beams
serv'd
only
to
give
a
faint
Mock-Glimmering
to
the
Ghosts
that
wander
on
this
side
Charon's
Ferry
,
and
like
an
Ignis
fatuus
to
mislead
'em
up
and
down
in
the
dark
Suburbs
of
Elyzium
,
the
Fens
and
Marshes
of
the
Stygian
Lake
.
So
have
I
straggl'd
,
all
my
Life
,
through
unknown
Ways
,
seeking
the
Road
to
Heaven
,
yet
finding
nothing
but
the
Paradise
of
Fools
.
Sometimes
,
I
thought
,
by
outward
Works
of
Vertue
,
to
purifie
my Self
and
gain
Perfection
.
I
was
punctual
in
observing
every
Precept
of
the
Law
;
and
perform'd
not
a
few
Acts
of
Supererogation
.
Confiding
too
much
in
the
Fidelity
,
and
inviolable
Fastness
of
my
Wings
,
the
Force
of
my
Religious
Passions
,
first
form'd
by
Nature
,
afterwards
improv'd
by
Pious
Tutors
;
I
strove
to
make
Heroick
Flights
,
and
soar
above
my
Guide
.
But
,
alas
!
they
were
mere
borrowed
Feathers
which
bore
me
up
so
long
;
dead
Artificial
Wings
,
cemented
to
my
Soul
only
by
Education
,
Custom
,
and
the
Practice
of
my
Fathers
;
a
Composition
of
Spiritual
Wax
,
or
Glew
,
which
could
not
stand
the
Brunt
of
hot
and
fiery
Tryals
,
but
soon
dissolv'd
in
my
Unwarrantable
,
Bold
Approaches
to
the
Sun
.
So
that
,
in
fine
,
my
Wings
dropt
piece-meal
off
,
and
I
'd
the
Fate
of
Icarus
,
to
fall
a
Victim
to
my
own
obstinate
Zeal
,
and
Rashness
.
Surely
our
Souls
are
like
the
Augaean
Stable
,
which
no
Humane
Power
,
Art
,
or
Industry
,
can
ever
cleanse
,
did
not
the
Messengers
and
Favourites
of
God
,
like
Hercules
,
teach
us
the
Method
of
opening
a
Canal
from
Heaven
,
and
letting
in
the
Torrent
of
the
River
of
Purification
from
Paradise
.
Our
Vices
,
Hydra-like
,
still
start
Young
Infant-Heads
,
as
fast
as
we
cut
off
the
Old
.
Whereas
our
Vertues
are
like
the
Venetian
Treasure
,
which
being
once
shew'd
to
the
Spanish
Embassador
in
many
Coffers
of
Silver
,
Gold
,
and
Jewels
;
the
Wise
Castilian
desiring
to
see
the
Bottoms
of
those
Wealthy
Chests
turn'd
up
;
when
it
was
done
,
made
this
Remark
,
Your
Riches
have
no
Roots
,
nor
grow
,
like
those
my
Master
does
possess
i'
th'
Indies
.
So
are
all
the
boasted
Excellencies
acquir'd
by
Humane
Discipline
,
more
inanimate
and
dead
than
the
Artificial
Productions
of
Minerals
,
Metals
,
and
Stones
.
No
traditional
Chymistry
of
Men
,
can
e'er
revive
a
Soul
,
that
's
dead
to
God
.
Perhaps
,
some
Theological
Paracelsus
,
Helmont
,
or
Arabian
Ifriqui
,
may
,
from
the
Ashes
of
an
Original
Flower
,
raise
the
Phantastick
Form
of
it
again
;
I
mean
the
Colour
and
Contexture
of
the
Leaves
:
But
none
of
them
is
able
to
bestow
the
Vital
Sap
,
the
Seminal
Juice
,
the
Inward
Vertue
of
the
once
prosperous
and
flourishing
Vegetable
.
No
Mortal
can
repair
what
Adam
once
destroy'd
.
That
Protoplast
has
ruin'd
us
All.
Well
then
!
Must
we
despair
of
Remedy
?
Shall
we
decamp
,
and
sneakingly
retire
to
Hell
,
because
we
can't
take
Heaven
by
Storm
,
nor
Undermine
it
;
nor
have
recourse
to
Stratagems
;
nor
Bribe
the
Garrison
;
or
make
a
Party
amongst
the
Coelestial
Burghers
?
No
:
Let
's
rather
lie
entrench'd
within
our Selves
,
till
Heaven
shall
voluntarily
open
its
Gates
,
and
Sally
forth
in
Love
,
to
invite
and
lead
us
in
.
Oh!
Thrice-Happy
Santone
,
thou
hast
experienc'd
what
I
say
.
My
Resolution
is
to
follow
thee
,
by
suffering
my self
to
be
gradually
abdicated
from
the
World
,
and
from
my
own
Will.
Vouchsafe
to
instruct
me
in
the
Method
,
lest
Self-Love
misguide
me
to
my
Ruine
.
In
the
mean
while
,
repose
thou
in
the
Bosom
of
God
,
which
is
the
Bed-Chamber
of
Holy
Souls
.
Paris
,
1st
.
of
the
8th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
,
1670.
LETTER
V.
To
the
Selictar
Aga
,
or
Sword-bearerto
the
Sultan
.
I
Shall
entertain
thee
now
with
a
Medly
of
Relations
,
some
containing
News
of
the
freshest
Date
,
others
only
informing
thee
of
Things
done
many
Moons
agoe
,
yet
pleasant
enough
in
the
Rehearsal
.
However
,
I
beg
of
thee
to
accept
this
as
a
Testimony
of
my
Devoir
and
Regard
;
in
that
I
have
abundance
of
Letters
to
write
,
many
Friends
to
gratifie
,
and
cannot
send
the
same
Matter
to
All.
I
am
forc'd
to
parcel
out
my
Intelligence
,
and
suit
every
Letter
to
the
Genius
and
Station
of
him
to
whom
I
Address
.
Knowing
therefore
thy
particular
Inclinations
,
I
shall
present
thee
with
something
very
Agreeable
.
No
doubt
but
thou
art
acquainted
with
the
Christians
Carnaval
,
which
is
a
Time
of
publick
Joy
,
Licentiousness
,
and
Sport
.
This
Year
the
King
and
Queen
of
France
observ'd
it
with
wonderful
Magnificence
.
Among
their
other
Divertisements
,
they
were
presented
with
a
Play
,
wherein
Two
Rival
Princes
,
by
an
Ingenious
Emulation
,
strove
to
out-vy
each
other
in
regaling
a
Princess
,
equally
belov'd
by
both
.
The
Representation
was
very
fair
,
and
full
of
Majesty
.
On
the
Right-hand
of
the
Theatre
appear'd
Apollo
in
the
Air
,
returning
to
his
Heaven
,
after
he
had
chas'd
and
routed
all
the
Cyclops
,
with
the
Serpent
Python
.
On
the
Left
was
seen
the
same
God
on
the
Top
of
Parnassus
,
in
the
mid'st
of
the
Nine
Muses
,
scattering
Flowers
on
the
Arts
and
Sciences
which
were
at
the
Foot
of
the
Mountain
.
Then
a
Veil
being
drawn
a-side
,
discover'd
a
Sea
,
surprizingly
natural
and
fine
:
In
the
midst
of
which
,
the
Gods
of
many
famous
Rivers
appear'd
seated
on
Rocks
,
with
Tritons
,
and
Cupids
rang'd
on
each
side
,
upon
the
Backs
of
Dolphins
.
Then
from
above
,
amidst
the
Clouds
,
King
Aeolus
appear'd
,
laying
his
straight
Commands
upon
the
Winds
,
that
they
immediately
retire
into
their
Caverns
,
excepting
only
Zephyr
,
who
,
for
his
soft
and
gentle
Breezes
,
was
permitted
to
be
present
at
this
Feast
.
After
which
,
came
Neptune
riding
in
his
Cockle-Chariot
,
drawn
by
Four
Sea-Horses
,
attended
by
a
Train
of
Gods
that
dwell
within
the
Deep
.
Immediately
the
Scenes
chang'd
into
a
Champain
,
representing
the
Delicious
Fields
of
Tempe
;
where
a
most
excellent
and
agreeable
Comedy
was
acted
,
to
the
Satisfaction
of
all
the
Court
.
I
leave
the
Dances
,
Interludes
,
and
other
Novelties
to
thy
Imagination
;
assuring
thee
,
that
all
was
Astonishing
and
Magnifick
.
But
not
to
entertain
thee
longer
with
these
empty
Trifles
,
I
shall
now
acquaint
thee
with
something
of
Importance
;
which
is
a
Peace
concluded
between
this
King
,
and
the
State
of
Algiers
.
On
the
2d
.
of
the
3d.
Moon
,
the
Count
de
Guiche
brought
the
Articles
of
the
Treaty
to
the
King
,
from
the
Hands
of
the
Marquis
de
Martel
,
Lieutenant-General
of
the
French
Fleet
in
the
Mediterranean
.
If
thou
wouldst
know
[
the
Particulars
of
this
Agreement
,
read
the
enclos'd
Paper
:
As
for
Matter
of
Fact
,
all
the
French
Slaves
at
Algiers
,
were
immediately
releas'd
upon
the
Signing
and
Sealing
]
the
Treaty
,
and
delivered
up
to
the
French
Commander
;
with
some
French
Vessels
also
which
they
had
seiz'd
.
And
so
dishonourable
are
their
Capitulations
,
That
at
the
same
Time
they
have
yielded
up
a
Ship
of
theirs
,
which
the
French
had
taken
from
them
,
for
ever
quitting
all
Claim
to
it
.
In
the
Beginning
of
May
,
the
King
took
his
Journey
to
Flanders
,
to
visit
his
New
Conquests
there
.
This
put
his
Enemies
into
a
great
Consternation
,
fearing
that
he
had
some
Design
upon
them
.
They
began
to
be
upon
their
Guard
,
and
prepare
for
a
sudden
Surprize
.
But
the
King
perceiving
their
Alarm
by
his
Spies
;
sent
them
Assurance
,
on
his
Royal
Word
,
That
he
would
do
them
no
Violence
at
this
Time
.
However
,
he
soon
after
sent
the
Mareschal
de
Crequi
into
Lorrain
,
with
a
force
considerable
enough
to
reduce
that
Prince
to
Reason
,
who
had
not
kept
his
Parole
with
him
in
several
Instances
.
The
Effect
[
of
this
Expedition
,
was
the
Reducing
Pont-a-Mousson
,
Espinal
,
Chasté
,
Longwy
,
and
all
the
Principality
of
Lorrain
,
to
the
French
King's
Obedience
:
So
that
the
poor
Duke
is
forc'd
to
seek
his
Refuge
in
Foreign
Courts
.
Noble
Aga
,
this
Duke
is
not
to
be
Pitied
,
being
very
Ungrateful
,
and
a
perfect
Mad-man
.
He
owes
his
Liberty
and
Life
to
the
King
of
France
,
yet
could
not
forbear
Plotting
against
him
.
Now
he
is
deservedly
Chastis'd
for
his
Folly
.
So
may
all
those
suffer
,
who
abuse
their
Benefactors
.
But
,
upon
the
Benign
and
Good
,
may
the
Favours
of
Heaven
rest
till
the
Splitting
of
all
Things
.
Paris
,
13th
.
of
the
9th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
,
1670.
LETTER
VI.
To
Isouf
,
his
Kinsman
,
a
Merchant
at
Astracan
.
I
Receiv'd
thy
Letter
,
and
perus'd
it
with
much
Complacency
,
finding
thy
Sentiments
very
agreeable
to
Reason
.
Yet
give
me
leave
to
warn
thee
of
an
Excess
which
thou
art
running
into
.
For
I
have
had
Experience
of
its
ill
Consequence
.
Thy
Losses
have
made
thee
Melancholy
,
and
the
Fraudulent
Dealing
of
thy
Correspondents
,
Factors
,
and
supposed
Friends
,
has
taught
thee
to
declaim
against
Friendship
,
Men
,
and
Business
:
And
not
only
so
,
but
it
seems
thou
hast
taken
a
Resolution
to
abandon
all
Worldly
Affairs
,
Pleasures
,
and
Engagements
whatsoever
,
and
turn
Faquir
,
Eremit
,
or
Dervich
at
least
:
For
,
thou
art
disgusted
at
Humane
Society
,
and
weary
of
all
Things
but
Solitude
.
I
must
confess
,
Isouf
,
these
are
very
Generous
Thoughts
,
and
Pious
Resolves
.
But
,
they
are
not
easily
put
in
Practice
.
They
are
Undertakings
,
fit
only
for
perfect
Saints
,
Men
of
unblemish'd
Lives
,
and
free
from
all
Sorts
of
Vice
;
Persons
who
have
a
Stock
of
Temperance
,
Chastity
,
Prudence
,
Justice
,
Fortitude
,
Patience
,
Humility
,
and
all
the
other
Vertues
,
a
Fund
of
Magnanimity
,
which
can
never
be
exhausted
by
any
Temptations
,
Difficulties
,
or
Perils
,
that
usually
assault
and
environ
such
as
enter
into
so
austere
a
Course
of
Life
.
Wilt
thou
be
able
to
endure
the
unrelenting
,
rigid
Cold
of
Winter
in
the
Desart
,
where
there
are
no
Chimneys
,
Hearths
,
or
Stoves
,
nor
any
other
Method
of
keeping
Fire
to
warm
thee
by
?
Canst
thou
sustain
the
raging
Blasts
of
Boreas
at
that
Season
,
or
the
killing
Tempests
of
North-Eastern
Winds
,
which
blow
from
far
,
and
fill
the
Air
,
the
Earth
,
and
Sea
,
with
baneful
Mists
,
Frosts
,
Ice
,
Snow
,
Sleet
,
and
other
chilling
Meteors
,
out
of
their
Eternal
Magazines
,
within
the
Artick
Circle
,
which
Ovid
calls
the
Frigid
Zone
?
There
are
many
other
Extremities
to
which
a
Man
's
expos'd
in
such
a
Solitary
State
.
Nor
wilt
thou
be
less
liable
to
Inconveniences
and
Hardships
,
if
thou
should'st
ramble
as
a
Faquir
,
up
and
down
the
World
.
Much
less
could'st
thou
endure
the
sad
Restraints
,
and
Mortifications
of
a
Convent
.
Thou
'dst
hardly
live
out
thy
Novitiate
with
Patience
.
It
goes
against
the
Grain
of
Nature
to
obey
another's
Will
,
in
every
trifling
Matter
that
he
commands
.
Thou
must
not
Eat
or
Drink
,
but
thy
Superiour
will
set
the
Place
,
the
Time
,
and
Manner
of
thy
Diet
;
which
will
be
irksome
to
thy
Free-born
Soul
.
And
then
thou
must
forsake
thy
Amorous
Pleasures
;
for
ever
Forswearing
also
,
the
very
Thoughts
of
Money
,
or
of
being
Rich.
I
tell
thee
,
thou
must
resolve
to
become
a
Religious
Drone
,
fit
for
nothing
but
to
mumble
o'er
thy
Beads
,
or
turn
the
Superstitious
Round
,
till
thou
art
Giddy
,
or
Dance
an
Hour
together
to
the
Musick
of
a
Thousand
Hue's
and
Hei's
,
hoarsly
croak'd
out
in
Frantick
Tones
,
by
thee
,
and
all
thy
Brethren
Derviches
,
till
ye
are
sick
,
and
foam
at
Mouth
:
Then
your
Devotions
are
thought
Meritorious
.
Canst
thou
digest
these
sacred
Fooleries
?
Or
grant
this
to
be
a
Rational
Service
of
the
Divinity
,
as
some
will
plead
;
who
say
,
We
ought
to
employ
each
Member
,
and
all
our
Faculties
,
in
Praising
him
that
made
'em
;
yet
canst
thou
brook
a
Confinement
all
thy
Days
,
to
this
Religious
State
?
I
tell
thee
Isouf
,
I
have
been
often
tempted
in
this
Manner
,
to
forsake
the
Sultan's
Service
,
with
all
other
Engagements
of
the
World
,
and
throw
my self
into
a
Convent
,
or
spend
the
Residue
of
my
Days
in
some
obscure
and
solitary
Corner
of
a
Desart
:
Yet
,
I
found
at
length
,
that
this
was
nothing
but
Delusion
,
and
the
subtle
Sophistry
of
that
Malicious
Daemon
,
who
envies
Man
his
Happiness
.
'T
is
he
that
whispers
Arguments
of
Discontent
and
Murmuring
into
our
Souls
,
watching
his
Opportunities
when
any
Thing
gives
us
exquisite
Pain
or
Grief
,
to
drive
us
to
Despair
.
So
have
I
sometimes
labour'd
under
an
Intolerable
Anguish
of
Mind
,
besides
the
fretting
Maladies
of
Flesh
,
and
Blood
,
with
outward
Crosses
in
my
Fortune
.
Then
have
I
wish'd
my self
in
some
dark
Cavern
of
the
Earth
,
or
on
the
solitary
Top
of
Teneriff
,
where
I
should
converse
with
none
but
Spirits
and
Daemons
dwelling
above
the
Clouds
.
Or
else
I
coveted
the
Melancholy
Retirements
of
the
Lybian
Desart
,
which
affords
no
other
Society
than
that
of
Lyons
,
Tygers
,
Dragons
,
and
other
Beasts
of
Prey
.
When
these
Wishes
have
appear'd
too
Extravagant
and
Wild
,
I
then
retrench'd
my
Thoughts
,
and
pitch'd
upon
some
other
Manner
of
Life
,
equally
promising
Comfort
,
yet
less
threatning
and
Dangerous
.
I
gave
my self
up
wholly
to
Prayer
and
Fasting
for
a
while
,
thinking
to
hold
out
thus
for
ever
.
So
sensible
a
Pleasure
attends
these
Exercises
,
That
at
certain
Moments
a
Man
's
all
Rapture
,
Ecstasy
,
and
I
know
not
what
.
He
is
apt
to
think
himself
in
some
New
World
.
A
Sacred
Pride
invests
his
Soul
.
He
seems
all
Majesty
within
;
an
inseparable
Companion
of
the
Immortals
,
and
the
Darling
Friend
of
God
.
Whereas
all
this
results
but
from
the
Ventilation
of
his
Blood
,
by
Vocal
Oraisons
;
and
is
no
more
than
a
meer
Natural
Operation
,
whereby
his
Lungs
are
artificially
breath'd
,
and
gently
forc'd
to
Disembogue
their
over-heated
Airs
,
their
thick
caliginous
Vapours
,
which
fill
the
Heart
and
all
the
rest
of
the
Vitals
with
Seeds
of
Melancholy
,
Fear
,
Suspicion
,
Grief
,
and
other
doleful
Passions
.
But
,
mark
a
Zealot
,
when
his
Prayers
are
over
,
his
Fast
is
done
,
and
all
his
Fervent
Pious
Discipline
is
accomplish'd
;
how
like
a
Hypocrite
he
looks
and
acts
:
How
formal
is
his
Carriage
,
or
at
least
,
how
vain
and
light
?
He
either
heaves
out
fulsom
Hypocondriack
Sighs
,
with
Supercilious
Looks
,
and
Chaps
,
set
like
the
Furrows
of
a
sowr-fac'd
Hadgi
;
or
else
he
's
tickl'd
into
a
loud
ungovernable
Laughter
,
and
all
his
Carriage
is
ridiculous
and
wanton
.
Either
his
Hunger
,
Thirst
,
and
Faintness
,
the
usual
Effect
of
such
Excessive
Devotion
,
makes
him
Peevish
,
Cholerick
,
and
Unmortified
;
or
else
he
is
as
Apish
as
a
Cat.
Humane
Nature
cannot
abide
long
in
the
same
Humour
,
and
those
that
seem
to
be
always
Even
Temper'd
People
,
like
the
Caspian
Sea
,
without
Ebb
,
or
Flow
,
are
only
Counterfeits
,
and
Politicians
.
There
is
an
Art
to
conceal
ones
Passions
,
but
there
is
none
that
can
annihilate
them
.
We
change
from
one
Affection
,
Appetite
,
and
Desire
to
another
.
Our
Inclinations
circulate
with
our
Blood
.
They
are
transform'd
each
Minute
,
Hour
,
and
Day
;
they
vary
like
the
Wind
and
Weather
.
Therefore
never
think
of
taking
an
Eternal
Pleasure
,
or
Distaste
,
in
any
Thing
here
Below
.
Prayer
is
good
in
its
Turn
,
I
mean
,
the
Vocal
Aspirations
.
So
are
Fasting
,
Abstinence
,
and
other
Religious
Severities
.
But
if
all
Men
shou'd
be
perpetually
at
these
Exercises
,
God
in
a
little
Time
,
wou'd
have
but
few
Adorers
on
Earth
.
The
Ground
must
be
left
Untill'd
;
the
Fields
would
quickly
bring
forth
Crops
of
Briars
and
Weeds
,
instead
of
Corn.
The
Gardens
then
must
turn
to
Wildernesses
.
There
would
be
then
no
need
of
Millers
,
Bakers
,
and
the
other
Trades
,
whose
Livelyhood
depends
upon
the
Husbandman
.
And
so
for
want
of
proper
Sustenance
,
Mankind
must
quickly
perish
.
I
do
not
argue
against
those
who
seem
to
be
Constellated
to
a
Solitary
Life
;
or
by
some
special
Grace
of
God
,
are
strengthned
to
endure
the
constant
Hardships
of
an
Hermitage
:
Such
as
the
Illustrious
and
Great
Mohammed
,
of
Mount
Vriel
in
Arabia
,
who
is
our
Holy
Prophet's
Tenant
and
Successor
,
in
the
Cave
of
Wonders
.
Such
also
is
Ilch
Rend
Hu
,
the
Celebrated
Bramin
of
Cachemire
in
India
,
who
lives
on
the
Top
of
an
High
Mountain
,
is
a
Hundred
and
Twenty
Three
Years
old
,
foretells
Things
to
come
,
resolves
all
Doubts
,
gives
Infallible
Counsel
,
heals
divers
Diseases
,
works
some
Miracles
;
and
in
fine
,
says
and
does
all
Things
by
a
Spirit
worthy
of
Admiration
.
The
Mountain
whereon
this
Philosopher
,
or
Prophet
dwells
,
seems
to
be
the
Landmark
between
Summer
and
Winter
.
For
one
side
of
it
is
always
cover'd
with
Snow
,
the
other
with
Blossoms
,
Flowers
,
Herbage
,
and
Fruits
.
This
over-looking
a
spacious
Valley
,
which
they
call
the
Paradise
of
the
East
;
That
affording
a
Prospect
little
more
agreeable
or
fair
,
than
what
the
Poets
speak
of
the
Riphaean
Hill
.
Ilch
Rend
Hu
,
has
his
Habitation
in
a
Cave
or
Grot
,
which
passes
through
the
Rock
,
as
Virgil's
does
near
Naples
in
Italy
,
which
thou
hast
seen
.
In
this
Mysterious
Station
,
he
appears
like
Aeolus
,
Lord
of
the
Weather
:
For
,
't
is
certain
,
he
commands
the
Winds
to
blow
or
cease
,
at
the
least
word
,
within
the
Verge
of
his
accustom'd
Walks
.
If
any
Person
dare
prophane
the
Silence
of
the
Place
,
with
Words
,
or
other
ruder
Noise
,
they
are
immediately
surpriz'd
with
dreadful
Storms
of
Thunder
,
Lightning
,
Wind
,
and
Rain
;
such
as
seen
to
threaten
the
Dissolution
of
all
Things
:
Which
makes
all
Men
in
those
Parts
,
hold
Ilch
Rend
Hu
in
great
Veneration
.
He
is
the
only
Oracle
of
the
Indies
.
They
resort
to
him
from
the
Neighbouring
Provinces
,
and
Kingdoms
,
in
all
their
Difficulties
.
The
Grandees
of
Persia
,
Tibet
,
and
Cathay
,
send
to
him
Honourable
Presents
,
desiring
his
Counsel
in
Matters
of
Peace
,
and
War
.
Nay
they
make
devout
Pilgrimages
to
him
from
the
Kingdoms
of
Tunquin
,
and
China
.
He
is
the
Apollo
of
the
East
.
Isouf
,
it
would
be
some
Encouragement
for
Thee
and
Me
,
to
embrace
a
Solitary
Life
,
if
we
might
ever
hope
to
attain
such
wonderful
Perfections
.
But
,
as
We
have
hitherto
liv'd
in
the
World
,
and
stain'd
Our Selves
with
the
Common
Vices
of
Mortals
,
We
connot
presume
to
merit
these
extraordinary
Favours
:
Our
Old
Habits
are
rooted
in
Us
,
and
if
We
have
Time
and
Strength
to
plant
New
ones
in
their
Stead
,
yet
they
will
not
grow
up
to
Maturity
,
but
with
many
Years
:
For
,
believe
Me
,
Cousin
,
no
Body
becomes
a
Devil
,
or
a
Saint
all
at
once
.
Paris
,
6th
.
of
the
11th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
,
1670.
LETTER
VII
.
To
the
Chiaux
Basha
.
IT
appears
,
That
the
King
of
France's
Fortune
not
only
procures
him
constant
Victories
and
Triumphs
in
Europe
,
but
such
a
Renown
and
Character
in
foreign
Countries
,
as
stimulates
the
most
Remote
Princes
,
and
Puissant
Monarchs
of
the
Earth
,
to
court
his
Alliance
and
Friendship
.
Here
is
at
this
present
,
an
Embassador
come
from
the
Coasts
of
Guinea
,
in
Africk
,
being
sent
by
the
King
of
Arder
,
one
of
the
Greatest
Sovereigns
in
those
Parts
,
possessing
an
Absolute
and
Uncontroulable
Authority
over
his
Subjects
,
as
the
Grand
Signior
does
over
the
Faithful
Osmans
.
But
,
we
will
not
compare
the
narrow
Limits
of
his
Dominion
,
with
the
vast
and
unbounded
Extent
of
the
Mussulman
Empire
,
the
Inheritance
of
our
Sublime
Sultan
,
the
Lord
of
the
Globe
at
large
.
Suffice
it
,
that
this
Black
Prince
is
a
Wise
Man
,
descended
of
a
Race
of
Sages
;
and
,
that
Policy
of
State
is
as
natural
to
him
,
as
common
Craft
or
Cunning
to
the
meanest
of
the
Vulgar
.
He
knows
how
to
make
War
or
Peace
abroad
,
and
to
keep
his
Subjects
in
Awe
at
Home
.
Surely
,
there
is
a
Force
and
Charm
in
the
Derivative
Blood
of
Heroick
and
Wise
Ancestors
,
which
secretly
inspires
their
Off-spring
with
Maxims
,
and
Principles
,
agreeable
to
the
Inclinations
,
Aims
,
and
Purposes
of
the
Family
from
whence
they
descend
.
And
where
't
is
experienc'd
otherwise
,
it
may
be
suppos'd
That
change
of
Climates
,
unhappy
Marriages
,
or
some
over-ruling
Misfortunes
in
the
World
,
have
caus'd
the
Degeneracy
.
For
so
some
Noble
Vegetables
of
Asia
,
and
other
Quarters
of
the
Earth
,
lying
near
the
Sun
,
will
not
prosper
,
if
once
transplanted
into
the
Cold
and
Barren
Soils
of
Northern
Europe
.
Thus
Poverty
,
Disgrace
,
and
other
abject
Circumstances
,
chill
the
Greatest
Spirits
,
and
spoil
their
Growth
.
Yet
there
is
an
Inborn
Excellency
in
some
Natures
,
which
with
Evenness
supports
the
Stroaks
of
Fortune
,
and
pushes
through
all
Difficulties
to
attain
its
End
.
So
this
great
African
King
,
informing
himself
,
not
only
by
French
Vessels
Trading
in
his
Ports
,
but
also
by
other
Ships
of
Christendom
,
of
the
Grandeur
of
the
French
King
,
his
Wealth
and
Puissance
by
Sea
and
Land
,
with
the
vast
Interest
and
Traffick
he
has
in
both
the
Indies
;
thought
it
high
time
to
seek
his
Friendship
,
whose
Enmity
would
,
in
all
Probability
,
be
very
Fatal
to
him
:
For
he
had
heard
of
his
Conquests
far
and
wide
.
'T
is
no
matter
,
whether
by
Valour
,
or
good
Conduct
,
we
make
our Selves
Happy
.
One
is
as
laudable
as
the
other
,
in
the
unequal
War
we
are
engag'd
in
,
with
Fate
,
Providence
,
and
Chance
;
with
Angels
,
Men
,
and
Devils
;
with
Heaven
,
Earth
,
and
Hell
.
I
speak
this
in
reference
to
the
Celebrated
Prowess
,
Magnanimity
,
Riches
,
and
Strength
of
this
Negro
King
;
who
need
not
yield
to
the
King
of
Benin
,
his
next
Neighbour
,
and
the
most
Potent
of
all
the
South-Western
Maritime
Princes
of
Africk
,
nor
to
any
of
his
other
Neighbours
besides
;
yet
could
not
think
himself
safe
,
or
be
at
rest
,
till
he
had
sent
this
Embassy
to
the
King
of
France
,
offering
his
Lands
,
his
Havens
,
his
Seas
,
and
whatsoever
was
within
his
Jurisdiction
,
to
this
Great
Monarch
.
The
Address
which
his
Embassador
made
to
the
French
King
,
deserves
Remark
.
For
,
after
the
usual
Obeysances
at
the
Foot
of
the
Throne
,
he
went
up
Three
Steps
,
and
then
prostrating
himself
Three
times
on
his
Face
and
Belly
;
he
clapp'd
his
Hands
in
token
of
Reverence
,
and
put
his
Fingers
on
his
Eyes
,
to
shew
,
that
he
was
not
able
to
behold
the
Lustre
of
so
much
Majesty
.
This
is
the
French
Interpretation
of
his
Carriage
:
But
I
tell
thee
,
't
was
rather
design'd
as
a
Precedent
to
the
French
Embassadors
,
if
any
should
be
sent
to
Guinea
,
where
't
is
the
Custom
of
the
Country
for
all
Foreign
Ministers
,
to
observe
the
same
Ceremonies
to
the
King
of
Arder
,
and
other
Princes
his
Neighbours
.
These
Europeans
,
because
they
first
found
out
the
Art
of
Navigation
;
or
at
least
,
first
improv'd
it
to
the
Discovery
of
many
Remote
Countries
,
value
themselves
too
high
;
imagining
,
That
all
the
Nations
,
formerly
Unknown
,
are
Fools
,
and
know
not
themselves
,
and
their
own
Strength
.
They
thought
,
't
was
impossible
to
find
in
Africk
or
America
,
Empires
,
Kingdoms
,
and
Commonwealths
,
as
strong
and
well
Govern'd
,
as
those
in
the
Heritage
of
Japhet
:
But
,
't
is
a
damn'd
Mistake
.
For
,
the
most
High
is
Impartial
,
in
the
Distribution
of
his
Gifts
and
Favours
.
Those
despicable
Blacks
,
whom
all
the
Princes
,
and
Nobles
of
Europe
and
Asia
,
buy
as
Slaves
,
being
born
of
the
Vulgar
,
are
,
nevertheless
,
come
out
of
Regions
,
where
Power
,
Riches
,
and
Wisdom
,
are
as
much
in
their
Zenith
,
as
in
these
Western
Countries
.
They
are
all
Outwardly
Flesh
and
Blood
,
as
we
are
,
notwithstanding
the
Contrariety
of
our
Colours
.
And
as
for
their
Souls
,
they
are
even
just
as
Capable
of
Knowledge
and
Ignorance
,
Reason
and
Folly
,
Vice
and
Vertue
,
Piety
and
Prophaness
,
Superstition
and
Atheism
,
as
we
are
,
who
pretend
to
be
Lords
of
the
World
,
and
all
Things
.
May
Thou
and
I
,
practise
Moderation
,
and
not
contemn
any
of
Humane
Race
,
though
they
be
the
Caphars
of
Mosambique
.
But
let
us
always
remember
the
old
Turkish
Proverb
,
That
't
is
not
good
or
safe
,
to
point
in
Mockery
behind
the
Grand
Signior's
Back
.
Adieu
.
Paris
,
3d.
of
the
12th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1670.
LETTER
VIII
.
To
Mohammed
,
the
Illustrious
Solitary
of
Mount
Uriel
,
in
Arabia
.
THE
Grand
Root
of
the
Common
Injustice
which
Men
are
guilty
of
,
in
reference
to
the
Beasts
,
and
of
the
Intemperance
with
which
they
corrupt
themselves
,
I
perceive
,
is
a
false
Principle
which
they
have
establish'd
,
denying
the
Capacity
and
Use
of
Reason
to
all
Living
Creatures
but
themselves
.
This
Error
was
first
publickly
maintain'd
by
the
Peripateticks
,
Stoicks
,
and
Epicureans
;
and
afterwards
by
Claudius
of
Naples
,
out
of
a
particular
Aversion
they
had
for
the
Doctrines
of
Pythagoras
and
Empedocles
,
Two
famous
Patrons
of
Abstinence
.
Heraclides
Ponticus
undertook
to
explain
the
Sentiments
of
the
former
Sects
;
and
Hermachus
those
of
the
Latter
.
But
,
both
of
them
seem
to
confide
more
in
the
little
Tricks
and
Arts
of
Sophistry
,
than
to
use
true
Reason
.
For
at
the
first
Essay
of
their
Skill
,
they
strive
to
cast
a
Mist
in
the
Readers
Eyes
,
by
dividing
the
Generations
of
Living
Creatures
,
into
such
as
are
endu'd
with
the
Faculty
of
Reason
,
and
such
as
want
it
.
Whereas
,
thou
knowest
,
it
is
an
indubitable
Maxim
in
the
Eastern
Philosophy
,
That
every
Thing
which
partakes
of
Sense
,
has
also
Reason
.
For
,
't
is
the
Mind
alone
,
which
sees
,
hears
,
&c.
the
Body
of
it self
being
deaf
,
blind
,
and
void
of
all
Sense
.
It
is
evident
therefore
,
that
since
the
Beasts
do
see
,
hear
,
and
perform
all
other
Actions
of
Sense
,
they
have
also
what
the
Greeks
call
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
or
the
Mind
in
them
,
which
is
the
very
Seminary
,
or
Native
Seat
of
Reason
.
'T
is
true
,
indeed
,
we
cannot
affirm
,
That
they
possess
a
Reason
so
perfect
as
ours
,
since
that
Perfection
is
acquir'd
by
Discipline
,
which
the
Generality
of
the
Brutes
want
.
They
have
no
Colleges
or
Schools
,
where
the
Arts
and
Sciences
are
profess'd
,
and
taught
by
Rules
.
Nature
is
their
only
School-Mistress
,
and
they
learn
her
Instructions
with
abundance
of
Promptness
,
and
Sagacity
.
They
are
educated
in
the
open
Elements
,
as
in
an
Academy
,
or
University
founded
by
the
Creator
of
all
Things
;
where
every
Thing
they
encounter
,
serves
as
a
Book
to
teach
them
all
the
Knowledge
which
is
necessary
to
their
Well-being
on
Earth
.
And
they
need
no
more
.
'T
is
manifest
also
,
That
some
Species
,
and
Individuals
,
are
more
capable
of
Learning
what
is
taught
'em
,
than
others
;
even
as
we
discern
the
same
Difference
among
the
various
Nations
,
Families
,
and
Persons
of
Men.
But
we
do
not
use
to
say
of
Inanimate
Things
,
That
this
piece
of
Wood
is
more
apt
to
Learn
than
another
,
as
a
Dog
is
more
Tractable
and
Docile
than
a
Hog
:
Nor
of
Immoveable
Things
,
That
this
is
slower
than
that
:
Nor
of
Things
which
want
Sense
,
That
a
Stone
is
duller
of
Apprehension
than
a
piece
of
Iron
.
So
could
we
not
properly
affirm
of
Animals
,
That
one
is
more
Crafty
and
Sagacious
than
another
;
more
provident
,
chaste
,
temperate
,
cleanly
,
and
the
like
Epithets
;
if
they
were
not
by
Nature
,
capable
of
Knowledge
and
Vertue
.
And
yet
we
daily
see
all
this
true
,
in
comparing
one
Species
of
Living
Creatures
with
another
;
nay
,
and
one
Individual
of
the
same
Kind
,
with
some
of
its
Fellows
.
When
Antipater
accus'd
Asses
,
and
Hogs
of
Nastiness
,
he
did
not
consider
how
accurately
Nice
and
Curious
the
Lynxes
and
Cats
are
,
which
,
with
so
much
Diligence
and
Care
,
hide
their
Excrements
,
that
they
can
never
be
seen
,
or
smelt
again
.
So
the
Swallows
teach
their
Young
to
mute
over
the
Brims
of
the
Nest
.
All
which
are
Arguments
of
their
Prudence
and
Discretion
.
Doubtless
,
every
Animal
has
its
peculiar
Gift
,
and
Excellency
.
One
is
more
quick-sighted
than
another
;
This
has
better
Ears
than
That
;
a
Third
surpasses
in
the
goodness
of
his
Smell
,
or
the
swiftness
of
his
Feet
.
Let
not
vain
Man
therefore
Boast
,
and
Insult
,
as
if
he
were
the
sole
Engrosser
of
all
Wisdom
and
Vertue
;
since
the
Beasts
of
the
Field
,
the
Birds
of
the
Air
,
the
Fish
of
the
Sea
,
with
all
the
Generations
of
Reptiles
,
Insects
,
and
whatsoever
is
endu'd
with
Life
and
Sence
,
possess
their
Shares
as
well
as
he
.
It
is
manifest
also
,
That
there
are
various
Principles
of
Folly
,
Injustice
,
and
all
Manner
of
Ignorance
,
Error
,
and
Vice
,
in
Humane
Nature
,
equal
to
what
we
can
possibly
find
in
the
rest
of
Animals
,
whom
we
so
much
despise
.
And
't
is
a
Question
,
Whether
even
the
very
Sea-Horse
,
who
murders
his
Father
,
and
for
that
Reason
,
was
by
the
Ancient
Egyptians
,
made
the
Hieroglyphick
of
Impiety
;
may
not
justly
exchange
his
Character
with
Some
of
Humane
Race
,
who
make
their
Parents
the
continual
Martyrs
to
their
Ambition
,
Pride
,
Envy
,
Avarice
,
and
other
Vices
.
I
would
fain
know
,
Whether
any
Man
would
not
take
it
ill
,
to
be
told
,
he
is
Blind
and
Deaf
,
because
he
cannot
see
and
hear
so
quick
as
some
of
the
Beasts
?
Or
,
that
he
is
a
Cripple
,
because
he
cannot
out-run
a
Hart
?
Certainly
,
a
strong
Man
deserves
that
Character
,
tho'
he
cannot
pretend
to
match
the
Strength
of
a
Camel
,
or
an
Elephant
.
And
shall
we
then
say
,
That
the
Beasts
have
no
Reason
,
or
Vertue
,
because
they
cannot
discover
those
Qualities
so
Artificially
as
Men
?
Besides
,
Do
not
all
Privations
suppose
some
Habits
?
And
is
not
Madness
a
Privation
of
the
Habits
of
Reason
and
Prudence
?
If
therefore
Dogs
,
Bulls
,
Foxes
,
and
other
Animals
are
known
to
be
sometimes
Mad
,
Shall
we
think
it
less
fit
to
say
of
them
,
That
they
are
out
of
their
Minds
,
or
Wits
,
than
to
affirm
the
same
of
Men
?
And
if
Compos
,
or
,
Non
Compos
Mentis
are
proper
Expressions
of
any
Beast
,
when
it
is
Sober
,
or
Mad
;
Who
,
that
is
not
depriv'd
of
Reason
himself
,
can
deny
,
that
they
have
the
Possession
of
that
Faculty
by
Nature
,
as
well
as
he
?
As
oft
as
I
trouble
thee
with
Letters
on
this
Subject
,
thou
may'st
conclude
,
I
am
newly
awaken'd
to
a
Sense
of
my
Error
,
in
not
Religiously
observing
the
Sacred
Institution
of
Abstinence
;
which
ought
to
be
the
Natural
Consequence
of
these
Thoughts
:
For
,
in
a
word
,
if
it
be
lawful
to
kill
the
Animals
for
the
sake
of
Food
,
I
think
we
may
as
well
turn
Cannibals
,
and
eat
the
Flesh
of
our
purchas'd
Slaves
,
or
of
our
Captive
Enemies
,
over
whom
we
have
,
by
the
Law
of
Nations
,
an
equal
Right
as
to
their
Life
and
Death
,
as
over
our
Beasts
.
Abstemious
Sage
,
I
leave
thee
to
the
Divine
Inspirations
of
the
Genius
,
which
possesses
that
Holy
Cave
:
I
leave
thee
to
the
sacred
Whispers
of
Winds
from
Eden
,
and
to
the
Sweets
of
an
innocent
Solitude
,
which
admits
no
other
Society
than
that
of
Angels
,
or
Beasts
.
Paris
,
26th
.
of
the
2d
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1671.
LETTER
IX
.
To
Zeidi
Alamanzi
,
a
Merchant
at
Venice
.
I
Receiv'd
thy
Dispatch
,
which
informs
me
,
That
thou
art
commanded
to
remove
from
Venice
,
with
all
speed
possible
,
and
to
visit
Naples
,
Genoua
,
Rome
,
Padua
,
Milan
,
Florence
,
with
the
other
Chief
Cities
of
Italy
:
In
fine
,
that
thou
art
not
to
make
a
long
Residence
,
or
take
up
thy
Abode
any where
;
but
after
the
Manner
of
a
Traveller
,
to
be
always
in
a
moving
Posture
from
Place
to
Place
,
from
one
Province
and
Principality
to
another
;
that
thou
may'st
take
a
just
Estimate
of
the
Strength
and
Riches
of
each
State
,
through
which
thou
shalt
pass
:
That
thou
may'st
dive
into
their
Counsels
,
observe
their
Motions
,
watch
their
Designs
,
and
transmit
thy
Remarks
to
the
Ministers
of
the
August
Divan
,
the
Mysterious
Cabinet
of
the
Earth's
Great
Sovereign
.
There
may
be
less
of
Profit
in
such
a
Peregrination
,
for
the
Present
,
than
in
thy
constant
Residence
at
Venice
,
where
thou
art
establish'd
in
a
settled
way
of
Merchandice
.
But
,
thou
wilt
find
abundance
more
Pleasure
:
And
if
thou
acquittest
thy self
Successfully
,
the
Grand
Signior
will
reward
thy
Merit
.
Besides
,
thou
may'st
meet
with
a
Thousand
Opportunities
of
Traffick
,
even
in
thy
Travels
.
An
Active
and
Diligent
Spirit
,
cannot
fail
of
Means
to
advance
its
own
Interest
in
any
Part
of
the
World
;
and
thou
dost
not
want
a
Stock
of
Money
to
support
thy
honest
Undertakings
.
Thou
wilt
meet
with
a
New
Sort
of
Italian
,
where-ever
thou
shalt
set
thy
Foot
:
That
People
being
strangely
mix'd
,
and
descending
from
several
Nations
.
Every
City
has
a
different
Genius
;
which
is
so
Remarkable
and
Conspicuous
,
that
they
have
all
got
peculiar
Epithets
:
As
,
Rome
the
Holy
,
Naples
the
Gentile
,
Florence
the
Fair
,
Bolonia
the
Fat
,
Milan
the
Large
,
Ferrara
the
Civil
,
Bergamo
the
Subtle
,
Genoua
the
Proud
,
Padua
the
Strong
,
Siena
the
Studious
,
Mantua
the
Glorious
,
Lucca
the
Industrious
,
Ravenna
the
Mild
,
Capua
the
Amorous
,
Vrbin
the
Loyal
,
Verona
the
Worthy
,
Brescia
the
Fortified
,
Furli
the
Wanton
,
Rimini
the
Good
;
and
so
of
the
Rest
.
Beware
of
contracting
Friendship
with
any
Italian
:
And
if
thou
dost
engage
,
be
cautions
how
thou
givest
a
just
Offence
.
Thou
can'st
not
be
too
tender
in
this
Point
:
For
,
as
the
Italians
are
very
Constant
where
they
have
once
pitch'd
their
Affection
,
so
they
are
Inexorable
in
their
Revenge
,
where
they
apprehend
their
Love
abus'd
;
and
they
are
the
most
Jealous
People
in
the
World
.
If
thou
hast
made
Two
false
Steps
,
never
seek
to
repair
thy
Fault
by
After-Submissions
,
but
Fly
;
for
thou
hast
wounded
his
Soul
,
and
he
will
never
Pardon
thee
,
or
let
thee
live
to
be
Guilty
of
another
Affront
.
They
have
a
Common
Maxim
in
this
Case
,
‛
He
that
Wrongs
me
Twice
,
't
is
his
Fault
;
but
if
I
let
him
Injure
me
the
Third
Time
,
the
Blame's
my
own
.
'
The
wisest
Course
is
to
be
Civil
and
Modestly
reserv'd
;
not
to
be
too
frank
and
open
in
Discourse
,
or
loose
in
Carriage
.
For
this
lays
a
Man
naked
,
and
exposes
him
to
the
Contempt
and
Censure
of
such
as
are
more
compos'd
and
recollected
:
And
this
is
the
peculiar
Character
of
the
Italians
,
‛
That
they
think
more
than
they
speak
,
and
are
many
times
disgusted
at
the
Person
on
whom
they
Smile
.
'
When
thou
art
on
the
Roads
in
Apulia
and
Campania
,
when
thou
beholdest
the
Beauties
of
that
Luxuriant
Soyl
,
and
thy
Smell
is
ravish'd
with
the
Fragrant
Odors
of
the
Hedges
,
and
adjoining
Groves
;
think
on
Elyzium
,
Paradise
,
or
whatsoever
Place
Nature
has
made
Delightful
;
and
say
,
It
must
be
in
this
Country
,
or
in
some
Region
very
like
it
.
As
thou
sojournest
at
Naples
,
remember
with
what
Pleasure
Virgil
pass'd
away
his
Time
there
.
'T
was
in
that
happy
Air
,
that
Horace
penn'd
his
Admirable
Poems
.
There
Livy
wrote
the
Roman
History
,
and
Seneca
his
Morals
.
From
thence
we
have
the
Works
of
Statius
,
Claudian
,
Laurentius
Valla
,
and
many
other
Learned
Writers
.
Forget
not
,
when
thou
art
at
Genoua
,
the
former
Glory
of
that
Commonwealth
;
how
once
she
did
possess
Sardinia
,
Cyprus
,
Lesbos
,
Chios
,
and
did
extend
her
Conquests
to
Pera
,
near
Constantinople
:
How
she
entred
the
Black
Sea
,
planted
a
Colony
of
Genouese
at
Caffa
,
and
stretch'd
her
Dominion
to
the
River
Tanais
.
Thou
wilt
find
Matter
of
Contemplation
in
Pisa
,
Milan
,
Padua
,
and
all
the
Cities
of
Italy
.
But
when
thou
art
at
Rome
,
't
would
be
a
kind
of
Sacrilege
not
to
cast
back
thy
Eyes
,
and
view
her
Ancient
Glory
,
when
she
was
the
Mistress
of
the
World
:
When
she
had
Three
Millions
of
Men
within
her
Walls
,
and
a
Hundred
and
fifty
Millions
of
Gold
in
Yearly
Revenue
:
When
she
kept
in
Constant
Pay
,
at
Home
and
Abroad
,
Six
hundred
,
Five
and
forty
thousand
Men.
Her
Foreign
Conquests
may
be
number'd
by
her
Domestick
Triumphs
;
which
from
Romulus
,
her
Founder
,
to
Augustus
Caesar
,
were
no
less
than
Three
hundred
.
Julius
Caesar
augmented
the
Publick
Treasury
,
with
Forty
Millions
of
Gold
.
In
the
Reign
of
Aurelianus
this
City
was
Fifty
Miles
in
Compass
,
and
the
Number
of
her
Inhabitants
,
encreas'd
to
Four
Millions
:
And
they
were
prodigiously
enrich'd
with
the
Spoils
of
their
Enemies
.
Seneca
when
he
died
,
left
Seven
Millions
,
and
Five
hundred
thousand
Crowns
behind
him
.
Claudius
Isidorus
,
tho'
much
exhausted
by
the
Civil
Wars
,
yet
left
Four
thousand
One
hundred
and
seventeen
Slaves
,
Three
thousand
and
sixty
Yoak
of
Oxen
;
and
of
other
Cattel
,
Two
hundred
and
fifty
seven
thousand
.
There
were
commonly
kept
in
Rome
,
Five
hundred
Gladiators
,
a
Thousand
Bears
,
and
a
Hundred
Lyons
.
There
were
always
Five
hundred
Men
employ'd
in
looking
after
the
Aqueducts
,
and
Bathes
of
Rome
.
When
Cyneas
,
the
Embassador
of
Pyrrhus
had
view'd
the
City
round
,
and
was
ask'd
what
he
thought
of
Rome
;
He
answer'd
,
I
think
all
Rome
is
but
One
Temple
;
(
for
there
were
above
Four
hundred
in
the
City
)
Her
Senate
is
an
Assembly
of
Kings
;
She
is
the
Beauty
of
the
whole
Earth
:
The
Flower
of
Mankind
dwell
within
her
Walls
.
Zeidi
,
this
was
the
State
,
this
the
Grandeur
and
Magnificence
of
Pagan
Rome
.
But
since
the
Incursions
of
the
Goths
and
Vandals
,
the
Lombards
,
Huns
,
and
other
Barbarous
Nations
of
the
North
,
Rome's
Glory
is
Eclips'd
,
her
Honour
laid
i'
th'
Dust
.
Whereas
before
,
she
lifted
up
her
stately
Crest
on
Seven
High
Hills
,
now
she
is
fain
to
stoop
,
being
humbly
seated
in
the
Plain
of
Campus
Martius
,
being
not
by
a
Fifth
Part
so
large
as
formerly
,
nor
yet
so
populous
.
All
over
Italy
thou
'lt
meet
with
Reliques
of
the
Ancient
Roman
Majesty
and
Greatness
.
And
in
some
Places
,
thou
may'st
encounter
Persons
of
great
Extraction
,
but
very
Poor
,
who
may
not
unfitly
be
call'd
the
Ruines
of
Ancient
Nobility
:
Such
as
the
Marquisses
of
Ceva
,
the
Earls
of
Piacenza
,
and
the
Knights
of
Bologna
,
who
are
become
the
Proverb
of
Illustrious
Poverty
.
Such
also
are
the
Counts
of
Lusigniani
,
Three
of
whom
were
once
seen
upon
a
Fig-Tree
,
eating
the
Figs
to
keep
'em
from
Starving
.
And
many
Italian
Lords
get
their
Livelyhoods
by
selling
of
Ptisans
,
Limonades
,
Essences
,
Powders
,
and
other
Refreshments
,
to
the
Gentry
.
Yet
they
are
Proud
,
and
when
any
one
Addresses
to
them
he
must
entitle
them
,
Most
Excellent
,
Most
Illustrious
,
or
else
they
'll
Frown
and
be
Affronted
.
Zeidi
,
If
ever
it
be
thy
Fortune
to
be
made
a
Lord
,
I
pray
Heaven
give
thee
an
Estate
answerable
to
the
Title
:
For
a
Lord
without
Riches
,
is
like
a
Soldier
without
Arms
,
very
Ridiculous
.
Paris
,
the
15th
.
of
the
4th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1671.
LETTER
X.
To
Dgnet
Oglou
.
THis
Day
,
something
has
happen'd
to
me
very
Prodigious
,
and
I
know
not
what
to
make
of
it
.
About
the
Hour
of
Quindinamasi
,
I
was
suddenly
taken
with
strange
Fits
of
Vomiting
:
My
Stomach
was
in
a
Prodigal
,
or
rather
a
Philosophical
Humour
;
resolving
to
cast
off
all
Superfluities
,
and
only
retain
what
was
necessary
to
its
Ease
and
Welfare
in
this
Life
.
I
labour'd
under
a
Thousand
Horrid
Agonies
,
which
made
me
fear
,
that
either
an
Imposthume
was
the
Cause
of
such
violent
Convulsions
;
or
at
least
,
that
they
would
end
in
opening
the
inward
Sluces
of
my
Blood
,
by
too
much
forcing
of
the
Pectoral
Veins
.
Whilst
I
were
busied
thus
with
sad
Presages
of
a
sudden
Death
,
(
for
I
dread
to
be
so
unawares
thrust
out
o'
th
World
)
I
long'd
and
passionately
languish'd
for
an
Arabian
Orange
.
It
happen'd
at
the
same
Time
,
my
Mother
Oucoumiche
,
Daria
and
Eliachim
the
Jew
,
were
with
me
in
my
Chamber
,
and
had
been
there
an
Hour
.
They
all
stood
at
the
Window
to
see
a
Procession
that
was
going
by
.
But
when
they
heard
the
straining
Noise
I
made
,
immediately
they
ran
to
my
Bed-side
,
as
Human
Nature
,
Curiosity
,
or
Passion
,
uses
to
prompt
in
such
like
Cases
.
With
a
faint
broken
Voice
I
told
'em
what
I
wish'd
for
Eliachim
forthwith
gives
Order
to
his
Boy
that
waited
in
an
Anti-Chamber
,
to
run
with
speed
,
and
buy
the
best
Arabian
Oranges
he
cou'd
find
.
The
arch
Young
Lad
was
gone
full
Thirteen
Minutes
by
my
Watch
,
and
then
return'd
with
Half
a
Dozen
Oranges
of
Spain
,
(
for
he
could
get
no
other
.
)
But
Heaven
,
as
I
have
Reason
to
think
,
supply'd
his
Negligence
,
and
unsuccessful
Mercating
.
For
long
before
he
came
with
that
sowre
crabbed
Fruit
,
Daria
spy'd
an
Orange
of
Arabia
on
the
Table
.
No
body
knew
from
whence
it
came
,
or
what
kind
Hand
had
laid
it
there
.
They
were
all
equal
Witnesses
,
That
there
was
no
such
Thing
upon
the
Table
,
when
they
came
to
the
Bed-side
,
nor
a
considerable
Time
afterward
:
And
when
it
was
suggested
,
that
some
one
of
the
Company
had
privately
convey'd
it
thither
,
whilst
the
rest
were
looking
another
way
;
Eliachim
with
solemn
Vows
and
Imprecations
clear'd
himself
;
so
did
Daria
,
and
my
Mother
.
As
for
my self
,
they
all
were
sensible
it
was
impossible
for
me
to
do
it
,
as
I
lay
in
my
Bed
.
A
General
Astonishment
possess'd
us
all
;
and
the
Women
would
needs
have
it
to
be
a
Miracle
,
whilst
I
greedily
eat
the
Delicious
Fruit
,
not
troubling
my
Thoughts
with
making
endless
Scrutinies
,
or
so
much
as
caring
which
way
it
came
there
,
so
long
as
I
had
the
Enjoyment
of
it
.
Yet
I
ceas'd
to
be
thus
Indifferent
,
when
I
perceiv'd
my
Malady
on
a
sudden
remov'd
by
eating
of
this
wondrous
Orange
.
And
whereas
I
had
lain
for
Six
whole
Days
and
Nights
in
a
continual
faint
and
languishing
Condition
,
not
able
to
get
down
a
Morsel
of
Bread
,
now
my
Spirits
grew
brisk
and
fresh
;
I
seem'd
like
one
transform'd
,
or
in
another
World
.
My
Stomach
reviv'd
,
my
almost
dissipated
Vigor
rally'd
,
and
I
rose
chearfully
to
eat
a
hearty
Supper
.
These
Things
,
I
must
confess
,
put
me
,
as
well
as
the
rest
of
the
Company
,
upon
thinking
.
I
tell
thee
,
upon
the
strictest
Examination
possible
,
I
am
very
well
satisfied
,
that
there
cou'd
be
no
Design
,
or
Trick
i'
th'
Case
:
For
if
there
were
,
no
body
would
be
guilty
of
so
many
repeated
horrid
Perjuries
in
denying
it
:
But
every
one
rather
would
have
been
forward
to
own
themselves
the
Instruments
of
thus
happily
and
unexpectedly
rescuing
a
poor
sick
Man
,
from
the
very
Jaws
of
Death
:
For
I
was
just
then
ready
to
expire
.
Whether
there
be
Magick
in
the
strength
of
a
Man's
Fancy
at
such
Times
;
and
that
through
the
Intense
Agitation
of
his
exalted
Spirits
,
he
moves
the
Soul
of
the
Vniverse
by
Sympathy
to
exert
some
of
its
hidden
and
uncommon
Faculties
,
and
gratifie
his
necessary
Desires
:
Or
whether
there
be
an
Order
of
Officious
Beings
Invisible
about
us
,
who
have
the
Charge
of
Mortals
committed
to
them
,
and
are
bound
by
the
Laws
of
their
conceal'd
Kingdom
,
to
assist
us
in
Extremities
,
even
to
the
Height
of
a
seeming
Miracle
,
where
it
cannot
be
done
without
,
I
know
not
.
But
't
is
certain
,
any
observing
Man
may
take
notice
of
some
extraordinary
Passages
in
the
Course
of
his
Life
,
of
which
he
can
give
no
Rational
Account
,
but
must
be
forc'd
to
put
'em
on
the
Score
of
Praeternatural
Causes
.
Such
is
our
Ignorance
of
the
Secret
Operations
of
Nature
.
All
the
Company
were
ready
to
list
me
among
the
Prophets
;
or
in
the
Catalogue
of
Saints
,
for
this
stupendous
Occurrence
.
But
I
had
other
Thoughts
of
my Self
:
For
comparing
this
with
some
former
Occurrences
of
my
Life
,
I
presently
concluded
,
't
was
the
Fore-runner
of
some
grand
,
but
short
Affliction
:
And
so
I
told
them
All.
I
believe
,
my
Dgnet
,
that
God
will
hedge
me
in
with
diverse
Kinds
of
Adverse
Circumstances
:
He
'll
rush
upon
me
on
a
suddain
,
like
a
Troop
of
Tartar
Horse
,
who
swiftly
spread
themselves
all
round
the
affrighted
Country
,
and
take
Possession
of
the
Roads
and
Passes
.
They
hunt
the
Conscious
Infidels
from
Dens
and
Caves
,
and
other
lurking
Places
in
the
Woods
and
Mountains
.
None
can
escape
their
Chastisement
and
Revenge
:
So
my
presaging
Soul
foretells
some
sad
surprizing
Inrodes
from
the
Omnipotent
.
That
which
I
have
to
do
in
this
Case
,
is
to
make
speedy
Expiations
for
my
past
Security
and
Presumption
,
to
repair
the
ruin'd
Fastnesses
of
Vertue
,
and
build
new
Ones
where
they
are
wanting
;
to
keep
strong
Guards
;
and
lastly
,
to
retire
my self
into
a
most
profound
Humility
,
and
Complyance
with
the
Will
of
God
;
which
is
the
strongest
Fortress
,
in
time
of
a
Divine
Invasion
.
Paris
,
23d
.
of
the
6th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1671.
LETTER
XI
.
To
Sephat
Abercromil
,
Vanni
Effendi
,
Preacher
to
the
Sultan
.
THE
Character
and
Fame
of
thy
Exemplary
Life
,
and
profound
Doctrine
,
tho'
studiously
conceal'd
and
suppress'd
by
thy self
,
have
yet
made
a
forcible
Eruption
,
and
fill'd
the
Mussulman
Kingdoms
with
the
fragrant
Odour
of
thy
Incomparable
Piety
,
and
Vertue
.
Even
these
Remote
and
Infidel
Regions
of
the
West
,
are
edify'd
by
thy
sacred
Rules
and
Institutions
of
a
Spiritual
Life
.
The
Nazarene
Priests
and
Doctors
,
begin
to
harbour
Emulations
of
thy
Sanctity
,
since
they
have
seen
no
fairer
Draught
of
true
Acceptable
Religion
,
than
what
the
Chaplains
to
the
French
Embassadors
at
the
Port
,
have
copied
from
thy
Principles
,
and
recommended
to
their
Friends
among
the
Clergy
of
France
.
Insomuch
as
Francis
Malevella
,
a
Blind
Ecclesiastick
,
but
an
Argus
in
the
Sciences
,
has
publickly
espous'd
thy
Theorems
and
Practices
;
having
in
Print
,
now
lately
,
undertaken
the
Patronage
of
a
Contemplative
Life
,
so
much
insisted
on
by
thee
;
to
which
the
College
of
Sorbonne
have
also
given
their
Approbation
.
That
Excellent
Man
,
tho'
he
has
lost
the
Use
of
his
Corporeal
Eyes
,
yet
has
a
Soul
transform'd
all
over
into
Light
,
by
which
he
clearly
can
survey
the
vast
Mysterious
Horizon
of
the
Invisible
World
,
and
penetrate
the
most
recluse
and
hidden
Secrets
of
Eternity
.
The
Age
is
ravish'd
with
the
Book
he
publish'd
:
He
has
Ten
thousand
Proselytes
among
the
Roman
Priests
and
Derviches
.
None
but
the
Jesuits
and
Dominicans
oppose
him
.
The
former
of
these
Orders
is
grown
odious
throughout
Christendom
,
for
the
Impious
Doctrines
they
maintain
,
and
the
Enormous
Crimes
they
have
committed
being
notorious
Boutefeu's
,
Traytors
,
Hypocrites
,
and
Secret
Libertines
.
Their
Colleges
are
esteem'd
the
Shops
and
Forges
of
Sedition
,
Faction
Publick
Animosities
,
Broils
,
and
Wars
,
with
all
the
Mischief
that
is
done
in
Europe
.
The
Latter
are
not
lov'd
in
France
,
because
they
are
generally
chosen
Officers
of
the
Inquisition
:
Which
inhumane
Judicature
,
was
first
projected
by
St.
Dominick
,
their
Founder
,
in
order
to
exterminate
the
Moors
from
Spain
.
There
is
a
Natural
and
Irreconcilable
Antipathy
between
the
French
and
Spaniards
.
They
mutually
abhorr
each
others
Customs
,
Laws
,
and
Humours
:
But
,
above
all
,
the
French
can
ne'er
be
reconcil'd
to
that
Infernal
Court
,
which
tyrannizes
o'er
the
Souls
of
Men
,
and
punishes
them
for
Thoughts
.
It
is
an
equal
Crime
to
speak
,
or
to
be
silent
;
to
pray
,
or
not
;
to
go
to
Church
,
or
stay
at
Home
,
provided
you
are
Rich.
'T
is
Wealth
the
Inquisitors
aim
at
,
not
the
pretended
Safety
and
Deliverance
of
the
Church
from
Enemies
and
Rebels
.
Therefore
the
Dominicans
and
Jesuits
being
look'd
upon
as
Favourers
and
Patrons
of
the
Inquisition
,
and
for
that
Reason
hated
by
the
French
;
in
vain
they
argu'd
against
Malevella's
New
reform'd
Model
of
Interiour
Religion
,
which
is
but
a
Translation
of
the
Original
Dogmata
,
laid
down
by
thee
.
Thy
refin'd
Sentiments
are
Prolifick
,
as
the
Solar
Beams
,
which
by
Ineffable
Encreases
,
propagate
themselves
without
diminishing
the
Illustrious
Fountain
.
Each
bright
and
fertile
Atom
,
by
a
miraculous
Emanation
,
begets
another
;
they
multiply
by
an
Admirable
Progressive
Issue
and
Expansion
from
every
Point
of
the
Refulgent
Center
,
till
every
splendid
Particle
becomes
a
Ray
of
equal
Length
,
and
all
together
produce
an
entire
Orb
of
Light
.
Thus
thy
serene
Idea's
of
Religion
,
dilate
themselves
through
this
dark
Side
o'
th'
World
,
as
fast
as
they
illuminate
the
Moselman
Hemisphere
.
The
Honester
Sort
of
Western
Franks
,
are
already
,
by
a
Demi-Metamorphosis
,
grown
half
Mahometans
,
capitulating
with
their
Pre-possessions
,
Prejudices
,
and
the
Force
of
Education
,
for
the
rest
.
They
go
to
Church
,
but
not
to
babble
o'er
a
Thousand
vain
Tautologies
,
which
are
taught
'em
by
their
Priests
,
and
to
ensure
their
Memory
,
are
printed
in
their
Pocket-Manuals
,
or
Books
of
Prayer
:
Nor
do
they
number
a
long
Series
of
the
same
repeated
Oraisons
on
Beads
,
or
use
any
other
Exteriour
Form
of
blind
and
lame
Devotion
:
But
with
inward
Recollection
,
Silence
,
Purity
,
and
fervent
Application
of
the
Spirit
,
they
address
themselves
to
God
;
or
rather
by
a
certain
gradual
Passiveness
,
Oblivion
of
Outward
Things
,
and
dying
to
themselves
,
they
prepare
and
fit
their
Souls
for
the
Divine
Approaches
:
Thus
having
barricado'd
up
their
Senses
,
and
made
Retrenchments
round
the
Center
of
the
Mind
,
to
secure
it
from
the
last
Invasion
,
and
Assault
of
Mundane
Objects
;
thither
they
retire
,
desiring
Death
,
rather
than
to
take
Quarter
by
a
faint
Cowardise
,
or
timorous
Apostacy
,
and
surrender
to
the
World
.
These
People
undergoe
at
certain
Times
,
strange
Drynesses
,
Desertions
,
and
Sterilities
of
Spirit
,
which
are
the
Torments
that
compose
the
most
severe
and
painful
Martyrdoms
.
A
common
Death
,
or
any
violent
Dissolution
of
the
Body
,
is
but
the
Recreation
,
Sport
,
or
Play
of
Nature
,
when
compar'd
with
these
Tremendous
,
Tragical
and
Dark
Annihilations
of
the
Soul
.
A
Man
at
such
a
Season
,
seems
to
be
reduc'd
to
an
Eternal
Catastrophe
.
His
Spirit
descends
,
and
is
engulph'd
in
the
Abyss
of
Hell
;
or
Hell
comes
up
to
him
,
and
yawning
with
its
horrid
Dragons-Jaws
,
Murders
the
Soul
with
Baneful
and
Infernal
Breath
.
Yet
this
they
find
to
be
the
only
near
directest
Way
to
Heaven
.
This
is
the
Mystick
Fence
,
the
Ditch
,
Bastion
,
and
Counterscarp
of
Paradise
.
He
that
would
scale
the
Walls
,
or
enter
by
the
Gates
of
Eden
,
must
first
pass
through
these
terrible
Out-works
.
This
is
the
streight
and
narrow
Bridge
,
o'er
which
each
Soul
must
pass
that
would
attain
Immortal
Life
.
Moses
,
Jesus
,
Mahomet
,
and
all
the
Messengers
of
God
,
have
pointed
at
this
,
as
the
only
Way
to
our
supreme
Felicity
.
Neither
was
it
unknown
to
the
Ancient
Poets
and
Philosophers
,
among
the
Gentiles
.
Orpheus
,
and
Hesiod
,
recommended
it
in
their
Mysterious
Verse
.
Empedocles
,
Theophrastus
,
Plato
,
Plotinus
,
Porphyry
,
Jamblichus
,
with
many
others
,
improv'd
the
Sacred
Revelation
,
adding
new
Lights
unto
the
Blest
Discovery
:
And
if
we
take
the
History
in
a
right
Sence
,
unless
I
am
deceiv'd
,
Socrates
died
a
Martyr
to
this
Important
Truth
.
Many
of
the
Learned
Hebrew
Rabbi's
,
have
asserted
it
.
The
Persian
and
Arabian
Doctors
,
before
and
since
the
Holy
Flight
,
have
been
its
Advocates
:
And
let
not
Envy
refuse
to
give
some
of
the
Christian
Priests
their
due
Acknowledgment
,
who
preach'd
this
Doctrine
in
the
Primitive
Assemblies
,
taught
it
in
the
Publick
Schools
,
and
ensur'd
it
to
Posterity
in
Learned
Manuscripts
.
Such
were
Origen
,
and
Ammonius
,
Clemens
of
Alexandria
,
Simplicius
,
Chrysostom
,
Tertullian
Augustine
;
and
in
more
modern
Times
,
Thomas
of
Aquin
,
Marsilius
Ficinus
,
Bonadventure
,
with
many
others
:
And
't
is
esteem'd
the
Height
of
Indian
Religion
to
this
Day
;
the
Bramins
delivering
it
as
an
Hereditary
Article
of
Faith
,
and
Point
of
Practice
,
from
Immemorable
Ages
.
Since
therefore
all
Religions
in
the
World
agree
in
this
,
notwithstanding
their
other
Ceremonial
and
Speculative
Differences
;
Doubtless
it
is
the
Voice
and
Will
of
God
,
not
the
Contrivance
or
Innovation
of
Man
.
Reverend
Effendi
,
It
is
a
common
Proverb
among
the
Christians
,
That
wheresoever
God
has
a
Temple
,
the
Devil
has
a
Chappel
.
That
cunning
Spirit
,
like
a
Serpent
,
winds
himself
into
outward
Forms
and
Ceremonies
of
Devotion
.
But
he
that
builds
a
Mosque
in
the
Center
of
his
Soul
,
may
bid
Defiance
to
Tagot
:
For
that
's
the
Throne
of
God
,
near
which
the
Daemon
cannot
approach
.
May
thou
and
I
,
live
always
Skreen'd
behind
our Selves
;
for
in
that
Dark
Recess
from
Visible
Things
,
the
Eternal
loves
to
manifest
his
otherwise
Invisible
Light
.
Adieu
.
Paris
,
the
17th
.
of
the
6th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1670.
LETTER
XII
.
To
Cara
Hali
,
Physician
to
the
Grand
Signior
.
AFter
all
my
Scepticisms
,
I
at
this
Hour
believe
,
there
's
Something
of
us
remains
Immortal
,
and
Incorruptible
,
when
our
grosser
Bodies
are
dissolv'd
.
Call
it
what
you
will
,
an
Astral
Body
,
a
Ghost
,
a
Spirit
,
or
any
Thing
else
,
I
'm
sensible
some
Part
of
us
will
never
die
.
What
signifies
the
vain
Dispute
of
Words
,
the
dark
Resolves
of
Plato's
Cave
?
Let
it
be
Substance
or
Accident
,
Matter
or
Form
,
or
a
Result
of
all
;
There
's
still
a
certain
Portion
of
our
Nature
,
against
which
the
Stroak
of
Death
,
and
of
Ten
Hundred
Thousand
Deaths
,
can
ne'er
prevail
.
We
may
be
chang'd
indeed
,
and
masquerade
it
up
and
down
,
perhaps
,
through
Infinite
Worlds
,
in
so
many
different
Disguises
:
But
we
can
never
be
annihilated
,
or
made
Nothing
.
We
cannot
be
excluded
from
the
Eternal
List
of
Atomes
.
The
Loss
or
Absence
of
the
least
Particle
from
the
Vniverse
,
would
either
cause
the
Loudest
never-ending
Thunders
and
Lightnings
,
or
an
Everlasting
Silence
,
Sullenness
and
Darkness
.
This
mighty
Aggregate
,
and
Stupendous
Heap
of
Beings
,
would
fall
to
Ruine
,
if
there
were
the
least
Vacuum
,
or
the
smallest
Mite
missing
.
Steal
but
the
most
Indivisible
Atom
from
the
rest
,
and
down
comes
all
the
Fabrick
:
For
one
supports
another
by
an
Inseparable
Adhesion
,
Reciprocal
Congruity
,
and
Mathematical
Fitness
.
They
are
so
cunningly
hitch'd
and
knit
together
,
so
closely
fasten'd
and
indented
each
with
other
,
by
the
Original
Art
,
or
Chance
which
form'd
the
World
,
that
all
the
Motions
of
this
Grand
Machine
would
at
an
instant
stop
,
in
such
a
Case
;
as
does
a
Watch
,
when
the
least
Tooth
is
missing
from
any
one
of
the
contiguous
Wheels
.
Every
Thing
in
Nature
,
is
full
and
pregnant
.
Neither
can
there
be
any
other
Emptiness
,
save
what
we
think
we
see
in
Bottles
,
or
other
Hollow
Vessels
;
which
when
they
are
void
of
Water
,
Wine
,
or
other
Liquors
,
it
is
but
to
be
cramm'd
brim-full
of
Air
,
which
Element
insinuates
and
crowds
it self
into
each
Diminutive
Crany
,
Chink
,
and
Pore
of
grosser
Substances
:
So
if
the
Airy
Atomes
have
any
Hollownesses
in
'em
,
the
smallest
Vacancy
possible
is
still
supply'd
with
its
full
Measure
of
the
purer
Aether
,
and
that
again
,
with
some
Matter
more
refin'd
,
if
any
such
there
be
,
or
else
it
drinks
full
Draughts
of
Immaterial
Essences
:
and
by
such
a
Sub-ordinate
Gradation
,
Humane
Souls
,
though
in
themselves
,
perhaps
,
pure
Incorporeal
Spirits
,
are
yet
fasten'd
and
cemented
to
our
Bodies
.
Thus
is
one
Being
successively
,
and
Eternally
,
either
a
Syringe
,
or
a
Sponge
to
another
.
The
Elements
inebriate
one
another
by
Turns
;
an
Universal
Epicurism
and
Drunkenness
Reigns
.
So
the
Hot
Stomach
of
the
Earth
,
parch'd
with
Inward
Mineral
Fires
,
greedily
guzzles
down
the
very
salt
unpalatable
Lees
of
the
Sea
,
rather
than
be
adry
:
With
a
Thousand
Thousand
gaping
Throats
,
it
gulps
the
Beverage
which
Neptune's
Deep
and
Mighty
Cellar
runs
withal
.
It
pants
,
and
sucks
eternally
,
the
thick
ropy
Settlements
of
the
Ocean's
Bottom
.
These
are
distill'd
again
in
hidden
Limbecks
,
Cylinders
,
and
other
Chymical
Vessels
below
,
that
so
the
gaping
Channels
on
the
Superficies
,
may
be
constantly
supply'd
,
with
more
refin'd
Liquor
,
through
the
Springs
and
Fountains
:
And
yet
the
Globe
not
having
quench'd
its
Thirst
with
this
perpetual
Draught
,
continually
sups
up
the
Rain
,
a
Liquor
more
sublime
and
pure
than
all
the
rest
.
But
this
is
only
on
certain
Holy-days
of
Fate
,
when
the
Celestial
Powers
,
the
Planets
,
Stars
,
and
Constellations
,
order
a
Dunalma
for
the
Vegetable
Race
Below
,
to
refresh
the
Herbs
,
the
Corn
,
and
Trees
,
with
Banquets
from
the
Clouds
.
Then
the
Big-belly'd
Tuns
above
are
rowl'd
out
of
their
hidden
Store-houses
,
and
broach'd
;
the
Conduits
of
the
Vpper
Region
spout
and
run
with
plentiful
Showers
and
Cataracts
of
Nature's
Seminal
Juice
,
the
Radical
All-chearing
Nectar
of
Heaven
.
The
greedy
Soil
imbibes
the
sacred
strong
Cascade
;
each
joyful
Turf
is
frolicksome
,
and
swallows
down
large
Bumpers
of
the
Elemosynary
Wine
.
Whilst
the
least
dry
and
crumbling
Lump
of
the
late
fainting
Glebe
,
has
Drops
and
Supernaculum's
enough
to
revel
on
;
till
party-colour'd
Iris
,
the
Major-Domo
in
these
Yearly
Festivals
,
perceiving
the
tender
Seeds
and
Roots
are
well
nigh
fuddl'd
with
what
at
Second
Hand
they
have
exhausted
from
the
over-laden
Ground
,
makes
her
Appearance
in
the
Clouds
,
inviting
all
the
Guests
to
a
splendid
Collation
of
warm
Beams
and
Rays
,
with
which
the
Sun
is
minded
to
regale
them
.
A
grateful
,
soft
and
chearful
Noise
was
heard
throughout
the
Room
before
.
The
Earth
and
Air
were
in
a
merry
Humour
.
Well
pleas'd
with
the
Debauch
,
they
would
have
sat
till
Morning
at
it
,
being
loth
to
leave
their
Liquor
behind
'em
,
or
change
it
for
dry
Meat
.
But
at
the
sight
of
Iris
,
every
one
chang'd
Countenance
;
an
universal
Murmur
ran
throughout
the
Hall
;
they
were
sorry
thus
to
be
baulk'd
i'
th'
midst
of
all
their
Mirth
.
Till
courtly
Zephyrs
come
with
their
soft
Compliments
,
and
tell
'em
,
It
is
necessary
for
their
Ease
and
Health
:
Then
are
the
Tuns
,
and
Bottles
remov'd
,
with
all
the
drunken
Tackle
.
The
Table
soon
is
spread
,
and
cover'd
with
a
Rich
Course
of
glittering
Chargers
,
sent
from
Phoebus
.
That
Sponging
Planet
only
lives
by
Bantering
and
Wheedles
.
The
Illustrious
Figure
he
makes
i'
th'
World
,
is
always
borrow'd
.
He
never
wore
a
Fashionable
Dress
in
's
Life
,
but
what
he
took
up
by
Tally
from
the
First
Source
of
Lights
:
For
which
he
's
bound
to
pay
so
vast
an
Interest
,
that
he
would
necessarily
become
a
Bankrupt
,
did
he
not
repair
his
broken
Fortune
,
by
playing
Tricks
upon
the
Earth
.
Thus
whilst
he
mocks
this
Sublunary
World
,
with
his
pretended
Treats
,
he
makes
it
pay
for
all
,
with
costly
Exhalations
.
He
plunders
the
Elements
,
picks
the
Pockets
of
the
Earth
,
and
robs
the
Treasuries
of
the
Sea
:
Nor
can
he
forbear
filching
something
from
the
Air
;
and
when
he
has
stollen
enough
,
he
slinks
away
i'
th'
Dark
,
and
flies
to
th'
other
side
of
the
Globe
;
there
to
commence
New
Shams
and
Cheats
upon
the
Antipodes
.
And
all
the
while
,
the
Stars
are
full
as
bad
as
he
:
For
like
a
Brave
Highway-man
,
that
Luminary
frequents
the
Publick
Road
of
Heaven
by
Day
;
he
robs
in
open
sight
of
all
the
World
,
and
leaves
a
generous
Viaticum
,
where-ever
he
borrows
any
Thing
.
But
the
Stars
,
those
little
Bullies
of
the
Sky
,
are
perfect
Night-Pads
,
Shop-lifts
,
and
Sharpers
;
they
skulk
about
i'
th'
Dark
,
through
all
the
private
Alleys
of
the
Firmament
,
and
commit
a
Thousand
Murders
,
Rapes
,
and
other
Violences
.
Some
of
their
Aspects
are
as
venomous
as
the
Fatal
Eyes
of
Basilisks
;
they
carry
divers
Kinds
of
Mortal
Poysons
in
their
Looks
,
which
they
disperse
at
Random
in
this
lower
World
.
They
strew
the
Earth
with
Hemlocks
,
Aconites
,
and
other
baneful
Weeds
.
They
also
scatter
up
and
down
,
the
more
contagious
Seeds
of
Envy
,
Avarice
,
and
a
Thousand
black
Infernal
Vices
,
which
take
Root
in
Humane
Souls
,
at
our
Nativities
;
and
growing
up
with
us
,
in
time
bring
forth
the
fatal
Fruits
of
Death
.
The
ugly
Race
of
Dragons
,
Serpents
,
Crocodiles
,
and
all
the
Reptile
Generations
,
with
every
Thing
that
's
Hideous
,
Cruel
,
and
Destructive
on
the
Globe
,
derive
their
Natures
,
Qualities
,
Forms
,
and
Dispositions
from
some
Malignant
Stars
or
Constellations
,
if
Astrologers
say
true
.
So
do
the
Scaly
Monsters
of
the
Vast
Abyss
;
and
every
Bird
of
Horrible
Figure
flying
in
the
Air.
They
're
all
the
Brood
,
the
Emissaries
,
Spies
,
and
Agents
of
the
Powers
Above
,
sent
down
on
Thievish
Errands
,
to
prey
on
other
Animals
,
more
innocent
than
themselves
.
There
is
an
Eternal
Chace
in
Nature
,
whilst
every
thing
is
either
on
the
Hunt
or
Flight
.
Thus
Heaven
purloins
from
Earth
,
and
that
from
Heaven
again
.
When
we
are
first
conceiv'd
,
our
wandring
Souls
are
catch'd
,
as
in
a
well-baited
Trap.
And
when
we
dye
,
't
is
but
the
Soul's
Escape
from
One
Snare
to
be
soon
trapann'd
into
Another
.
Perhaps
a
Humane
Body
may
be
our
Prison
again
,
or
we
may
be
attracted
by
some
more
agreeable
Embryo
.
This
Magnetick
Star
may
draw
us
up
to
Heaven
,
or
the
wide
Jaws
of
all-devouring
Orcus
,
may
swallow
us
down
into
the
Hungry
Paunch
of
Hell
;
which
God
avert
.
Learned
Hali
,
let
not
thou
and
I
,
be
too
sollicitous
about
these
Things
:
For
all
our
Timorous
Forecasts
are
in
vain
.
But
,
considering
the
secret
Magnetisms
dispers'd
throughout
the
Universe
,
and
that
every
Thing
attracts
its
Like
,
let
us
take
care
to
qualify
our selves
with
Celestial
Habits
and
Dispositions
;
and
then
we
cannot
fail
of
being
drawn
up
to
Paradise
.
Paris
,
2d
.
of
the
9th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1671.
LETTER
XIII
.
To
the
Mufti
.
IN
Obedience
to
thy
Commands
,
I
shall
now
proceed
in
relating
the
most
Memorable
Transactions
of
Former
Ages
,
during
the
Four
Great
Monarchies
,
observing
thy
Instructions
not
to
be
prolix
,
or
over-curious
in
tracing
down
the
particular
Successions
of
Kings
and
Princes
;
but
rather
to
relate
the
Actions
of
Famous
Men
,
the
Wise
Sayings
of
the
Ancients
,
with
such
other
Remarks
,
as
may
be
at
once
Delightful
and
Instructive
.
'T
will
be
no
Breach
of
this
Rule
,
to
begin
where
I
left
off
in
my
Former
Letter
,
with
the
Death
of
Darius
,
and
Succession
of
Xerxes
his
Younger
Son
,
there
being
something
of
Nicety
in
the
Plea
between
him
and
his
Elder
Brother
Artabazanes
for
the
Crown
:
For
this
laid
Claim
to
it
on
the
Account
of
his
Primogeniture
:
But
in
regard
he
was
born
before
Darius
was
made
King
,
the
Succession
was
determined
in
favour
of
Xerxes
,
who
had
a
Double
Advantage
,
in
being
begot
by
a
Crowned
King
,
and
born
of
Atosh
,
the
Daughter
of
Cyrus
,
who
first
Established
this
Monarchy
.
As
soon
as
Xerxes
was
setled
in
the
Throne
,
he
lead
an
Army
into
Egypt
,
and
suppressed
the
Insurrections
in
that
Countrey
.
Then
he
fitted
out
a
Fleet
of
4200
Ships
,
on
Board
of
which
were
above
Five
hundred
thousand
Men.
He
had
a
Land
Army
also
,
consisting
of
Two
Millions
,
and
Five
hundred
thousand
Soldiers
of
several
Nations
.
With
this
vast
Multitude
he
march'd
against
the
Graecians
;
and
to
facilitate
the
Voyage
of
his
Fleet
,
he
caused
one
Part
of
his
Army
to
dig
a
Passage
through
Mount
Athos
,
whereby
the
Sea
was
let
in
,
and
the
Ships
might
sail
Two
a-brest
;
whilst
another
Part
of
the
Soldiers
,
were
employ'd
in
building
a
Bridge
of
Boats
over
the
Hellespont
.
No
sooner
was
this
done
,
but
there
arose
a
vehement
Tempest
;
which
so
discompos'd
those
Narrow
Seas
,
that
between
the
Winds
and
Waves
,
the
Boats
which
made
this
Bridge
,
were
all
dispers'd
,
broken
,
and
cast
away
.
This
so
incens'd
Xerxes
,
that
he
commanded
the
Sea
to
be
scourg'd
with
Whips
,
and
a
Chain
to
be
thrown
into
it
,
as
a
Mark
of
its
future
Subjection
.
He
also
Beheaded
those
who
built
the
Bridge
,
and
caused
others
to
make
a
new
One
.
Here
one
of
Xerxes's
Eunuchs
,
and
a
Particular
Favourite
of
the
King
,
sent
for
a
Graecian
of
the
Isle
of
Chios
,
who
had
formerly
depriv'd
him
of
the
Evidences
of
his
Virility
.
And
the
Old
Man
coming
with
his
Sons
to
wait
on
this
great
Courtier
,
the
Eunuch
caus'd
him
first
to
Castrate
his
own
Sons
,
and
afterwards
forced
them
to
do
the
same
by
their
Father
,
in
revenge
of
his
own
Loss
,
and
Disgrace
.
From
hence
Xerxes
marching
with
his
Army
by
the
Place
where
once
stood
the
Famous
Town
of
Troy
,
went
in
Pilgrimage
to
the
Tomb
of
King
Priamus
,
where
he
sacrific'd
Ten
Hecatombs
of
Oxen
,
to
the
Ghosts
of
the
Ancient
Heroes
,
and
to
the
Divinity
of
the
River
Scamander
,
which
his
Soldiers
drank
dry
,
and
yet
half
of
them
had
not
quenched
their
Thirst
.
After
this
,
he
came
to
the
Hellespont
,
where
taking
a
Survey
of
all
his
Land
and
Sea-Forces
,
which
cover'd
the
Hellespont
,
and
all
the
Neighbouring
Shores
;
and
Contemplating
the
Shortness
of
Man's
Life
,
and
that
of
so
Innumerable
a
Multitude
,
not
one
should
be
alive
at
an
Hundred
Years
End
,
he
Wept
bitterly
.
Then
having
sacrific'd
to
the
Sun
,
for
the
good
Success
of
his
Expedition
,
he
caus'd
all
his
Army
to
pass
over
the
Hellespont
by
his
Bridge
of
Boats
;
after
which
they
drank
their
Way
through
another
River
,
which
had
not
Water
enough
to
satisfie
half
his
Men
and
Cattle
:
For
his
Army
encreas'd
all
the
Way
,
by
the
Accession
of
Soldiers
out
of
every
Nation
through
which
he
pass'd
.
Yet
Leonidas
,
King
of
Sparta
,
with
a
small
Body
of
4000
Lacedaemonians
,
gave
Battle
to
the
whole
Army
of
Xerxes
.
And
in
a
Sea-Fight
at
Salamis
,
the
Persians
lost
500
Ships
,
with
a
considerable
Part
of
their
Army
;
which
,
with
other
Disasters
of
Sickness
,
Famine
,
&c.
so
terrified
this
Great
Monarch
,
that
he
posted
back
again
,
as
fast
as
he
could
,
by
the
Way
of
the
Hellespont
,
which
he
crossed
in
a
poor
Fisher-Boat
all
alone
,
leaving
Mardonius
to
pursue
the
Wars
in
Greece
.
But
an
ill
Fate
attended
their
Arms
;
for
at
Platea
,
the
Graecians
set
upon
them
under
Pausanias
their
General
,
and
routed
the
whole
Army
,
Killing
above
Two
hundred
thousand
of
them
upon
the
Spot
,
and
Burning
their
Camp
,
and
Navy
.
Xerxes
hearing
these
ill
Tydings
,
fled
towards
his
own
Country
,
and
by
the
Way
set
Fire
to
the
Temples
of
the
Gods
at
Babylon
,
and
other
Parts
of
Asia
,
sparing
none
but
that
Magnificent
Fane
at
Ephesus
,
which
was
Renowned
throughout
the
whole
World
.
About
this
Time
dyed
Pagapates
,
the
faithful
Eunuch
of
Darius
,
who
had
passed
Seven
whole
Years
Mourning
at
the
Tomb
of
his
Master
.
I
must
not
omit
the
Treachery
of
Pausanias
,
the
Lacedaemonian
General
,
who
held
a
Private
Correspondence
with
Xerxes
.
And
having
been
Twice
accused
of
Treason
,
and
as
often
acquitted
,
was
the
Third
time
discovered
by
a
Boy
whom
he
kept
as
his
Minion
;
and
,
by
the
Sentence
of
the
Ephori
,
was
starved
to
Death
.
Thou
hast
forbidden
me
to
augment
the
Bulk
of
these
Historical
Letters
,
with
Glosses
,
or
Remarks
of
my
own
,
or
else
it
were
a
proper
Occasion
to
put
thy
Holyness
in
Mind
,
how
great
a
Value
ought
to
be
set
on
a
Faithful
Man
,
and
let
Nature
it self
plead
my
Excuse
for
entrenching
on
thy
Orders
;
whilst
I
vindicate
my self
from
the
Calumnies
of
the
Envious
,
and
beg
of
thee
to
rest
assured
,
That
no
Man
on
Earth
can
be
truer
to
his
Trust
,
than
the
Arabian
Slave
Mahmut
.
But
to
return
to
Xerxes
,
He
was
Unfaithfully
dealt
with
by
the
Captain
of
his
Guard
;
who
,
by
the
Assistance
of
Spamitres
the
King's
Chamberlain
,
and
Seven
other
Conspirators
,
kill'd
him
in
his
Bed
with
his
Eldest
Son
Darius
,
and
crowned
Artaxerxes
in
his
stead
.
To
him
fled
Themistocles
the
Athenian
,
who
was
suspected
a
Partner
in
the
Treason
of
Pausanias
.
The
King
received
him
into
his
Favour
,
and
made
him
Governour
of
a
Province
,
adding
the
Gift
of
Five
Great
Cities
,
to
furnish
him
with
Money
for
the
Expences
of
his
Table
and
Wardrobe
.
And
this
the
King
did
,
not
as
a
Reward
or
Encouragement
of
Treason
,
(
from
which
he
knew
Themistocles
was
free
,
being
falsly
accused
by
the
Athenians
)
but
he
heaped
those
Honours
on
him
,
as
a
Debt
to
the
Merits
of
that
once
Illustrious
Enemy
,
now
become
a
Friend
,
and
seeking
shelter
in
the
Persian
Kingdom
,
from
the
Barbarous
Ingratitude
of
his
own
Country-men
;
who
,
for
all
his
Eminent
Services
to
Greece
,
could
think
of
no
better
Acknowledgement
,
than
to
put
to
death
as
a
Traytor
,
the
Bravest
and
Wisest
Captain
of
that
Age.
Not
long
after
this
,
the
Persians
lost
200
Ships
in
a
Sea-Fight
with
the
Graecians
,
and
were
routed
at
Land
by
a
Stratagem
of
Cimon
,
the
Graecian
General
,
who
,
after
the
Naval
Victory
,
put
his
Men
aboard
the
Persian
Vessels
which
he
had
taken
,
and
apparelling
them
in
the
Garments
of
the
Persian
Captives
,
landed
them
near
the
Enemies
Camp
in
Pamphylia
;
who
taking
them
for
Friends
,
suffer'd
them
to
enter
their
Trenches
without
Jealousie
,
and
so
were
all
slaughtered
,
except
a
few
who
escaped
by
the
swiftness
of
their
Horses
.
About
that
Time
,
Pericles
was
made
Prince
of
Athens
,
of
whom
I
made
mention
in
my
former
Letters
.
And
Themistocles
being
made
General
of
the
Persian
Army
,
and
sent
against
the
Graecians
;
rather
than
fight
against
his
Country
,
or
betray
the
Cause
of
his
New
Master
,
became
a
Voluntary
Victim
to
his
own
Integrity
and
Honour
:
For
,
sacrificing
a
Bull
in
his
March
,
he
drank
off
a
Bowl
of
the
Blood
,
and
fell
down
Dead
at
the
Foot
of
the
Altar
.
The
next
War
the
Persians
were
engag'd
in
,
was
with
Egypt
;
where
,
in
a
Battel
near
Memphis
,
they
lost
a
Hundred
thousand
Men.
But
sending
fresh
Recruits
,
they
dryed
up
the
River
Nile
,
where
the
Athenian
Fleet
,
Confederate
with
the
Egyptians
,
lay
at
Anchor
.
Which
so
amazed
the
Egyptians
,
that
they
made
their
Peace
with
them
:
And
the
Athenians
set
their
own
Ships
on
Fire
,
in
Number
200
,
and
returned
Home
with
Disgrace
,
when
they
had
been
Six
Years
in
Egypt
.
After
this
,
a
Peace
was
concluded
between
the
Persians
and
those
of
Greece
.
And
in
the
First
Year
of
the
84th
.
Olympiad
,
which
soon
followed
,
there
was
an
Vniversal
Peace
throughout
the
World
,
which
continued
till
the
First
Year
of
the
87th
.
Olympiad
,
at
what
time
began
the
Peloponnesian
War
.
In
the
4th
.
Year
of
the
88th
.
Olympiad
,
Artaxerxes
dyed
,
and
his
Son
Xerxes
was
Invested
with
the
Crown
.
But
at
a
Years
End
,
being
overcome
with
Wine
,
and
falling
asleep
in
a
Place
where
no
Guard
was
kept
,
his
Brother
Secundianus
,
with
the
Help
of
an
Eunuch
,
murdered
him
,
and
took
the
Government
on
himself
.
He
also
,
was
soon
after
dispatched
by
his
Brother
Darius
.
I
over-run
whole
Olympiads
,
without
mentioning
any
Thing
,
save
the
Transactions
which
made
most
Noise
in
those
Times
.
But
I
am
unwilling
to
slip
the
Reign
of
any
King
,
tho'
I
speak
but
Two
Words
of
it
,
that
so
thou
mayest
have
a
perfect
Idea
of
their
Succession
.
During
the
whole
Series
of
Darius's
Reign
,
History
mentions
nothing
Remarkable
,
but
is
taken
up
in
relating
the
little
Quarrels
,
and
Reconciliations
of
several
Provinces
in
Greece
,
some
Private
Treaties
between
the
Persian
Governours
of
Lesser
Asia
and
those
of
Peloponnesus
,
and
the
Overtures
of
Peace
between
the
Lacedaemonians
and
Persians
,
the
End
of
the
Peloponnesian
War
,
with
such
other
Passages
,
as
would
be
too
tedious
for
a
Letter
.
I
will
only
rehearse
a
Memorable
Saying
of
Darius
,
on
his
Death-Bed
,
to
his
Eldest
Son
Artaxerxes
,
who
was
to
succeed
him
in
the
Throne
.
The
Prince
being
assured
by
the
Royal
Physicians
,
That
his
Father's
End
drew
near
,
thus
addressed
Darius
:
"
My
Father
,
since
it
is
the
Will
of
the
Gods
to
take
you
from
Earth
into
their
own
Blessed
Society
,
and
that
you
have
been
pleased
,
with
the
Consent
of
the
Nobles
,
to
declare
me
your
Successor
in
the
Kingdom
;
tell
me
,
I
beseech
you
,
by
what
Methods
of
Policy
you
have
Govern'd
this
Empire
these
Nineteen
Years
,
that
so
I
may
follow
your
Example
.
"
'To
whom
the
King
Reply'd
;
"
My
Son
,
be
assured
,
That
if
my
Reign
has
been
blessed
with
greater
Success
and
Peace
than
those
of
my
Predecessors
,
't
is
because
in
all
Things
I
have
Honoured
the
Immortal
Gods
,
and
done
Justice
to
every
Man
.
"
As
soon
as
Artaxerxes
was
possessed
of
the
Crown
,
he
sent
for
his
Brother
Cyrus
;
and
put
him
in
Manacles
of
Gold
,
with
Design
to
make
him
privately
away
;
but
at
the
Intercession
of
his
Mother
,
he
released
him
again
,
and
restor'd
him
to
his
Government
of
Lydia
.
About
this
time
,
Plato
the
Philosopher
being
very
Young
,
gave
an
early
Specimen
of
a
ripe
Wit
,
in
Comforting
Antimachus
the
Poet
,
who
lost
the
Garland
in
a
Contest
with
Niceratus
,
at
the
Lysandrian
Feast
.
For
when
he
beheld
the
Poet
extremely
vex'd
at
the
Ignorance
and
Partiality
of
Lysander
,
who
knew
not
how
to
distinguish
between
his
lofty
Measures
,
and
the
flat
Rhimes
of
his
Antagonist
,
Plato
bid
him
be
of
good
Courage
:
For
,
said
he
,
his
Ignorance
no
more
diminishes
thy
Knowledge
,
than
a
Blind
Man's
mistaking
thee
for
another
,
would
deprive
thee
of
thy
Sight
.
When
Cyrus
was
returned
to
his
Government
,
he
plotted
to
depose
his
Brother
:
And
to
win
Lysander
to
his
Party
,
he
presented
him
with
a
Ship
built
all
of
Gold
and
Ivory
.
Alcibiades
,
the
Famous
Athenian
Captain
perceiving
this
,
designed
to
give
Artaxerxes
notice
of
his
Brother's
Treason
;
but
by
the
Way
he
was
murdered
himself
by
some
Soldiers
hired
for
that
Purpose
by
Lysander
,
who
yet
durst
not
set
upon
him
in
the
Day-time
,
when
he
was
armed
in
his
own
Defence
,
but
in
the
Night
set
his
House
on
Fire
;
and
as
he
was
escaping
through
the
Flames
and
Smoak
,
they
lying
in
Ambush
,
shot
him
dead
with
Arrows
.
However
,
Artaxerxes
quickly
became
sensible
of
his
Brothers
Designs
;
and
raising
an
Army
of
Nine
hundred
thousand
Men
,
gave
him
Battel
not
far
from
Babylon
.
In
the
Fight
he
was
wounded
by
Cyrus
;
but
after
a
hot
Dispute
,
Cyrus
was
killed
,
and
Artaxerxes
got
the
Victory
.
Parisatis
,
the
Mother
of
Cyrus
,
to
revenge
the
Death
of
her
Son
,
caused
those
that
wounded
him
,
to
be
killed
with
lingring
Torment
:
And
inviting
Queen
Statyra
,
the
Wife
of
Artaxerxes
,
to
a
Feast
,
she
divided
the
Bird
Rhindaces
asunder
with
a
Knife
poisoned
on
one
side
,
and
gave
the
Envenomed
Part
to
Statyra
,
eating
the
other
her self
.
Upon
which
,
the
Queen
died
in
horrible
Anguish
and
Torture
.
The
famous
Deeds
of
many
Heroes
,
are
also
Recorded
,
during
the
Reign
of
this
Artaxerxes
;
as
of
Agesilaus
,
King
of
the
Spartans
;
Iphicrates
,
Pharnabazus
,
Tissaphenes
,
and
Tizibazus
,
Persians
;
with
Conon
the
Athenian
.
But
fearing
to
entrench
on
thy
Patience
,
I
content
my self
with
only
mentioning
their
Names
,
and
so
finish
my
Letter
with
the
Conclusion
of
Artaxerxes
his
Life
,
who
died
of
Grief
for
the
Death
of
his
Son
Arsames
,
whom
Ochus
his
Brother
had
caused
to
be
Murdered
out
of
Envy
and
Jealousie
,
because
his
Father
doted
on
him
.
If
I
have
not
answered
thy
Expectation
in
this
Letter
,
blame
not
me
,
but
the
Historians
,
from
whom
I
have
collected
these
Passages
,
or
accuse
the
Men
of
that
Age
,
that
they
did
not
perform
Greater
Actions
However
,
in
the
next
thou
shalt
hear
of
the
Birth
and
Life
of
a
Great
Prophet
,
even
Alexander
,
the
Conqueror
of
all
Asia
.
In
the
mean
time
,
I
plunge
my Self
in
the
Idea's
of
the
Dust
thou
treadest
on
,
and
shrinking
into
an
Abstract
of
Humility
,
I
bid
thee
Adieu
.
Paris
,
2d
.
of
the
9th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1671.
The
End
of
the
THIRD
BOOK
.
LETTERS
Writ
by
A
Spy
at
PARIS
.
VOL.
VII
.
BOOK
IV.
LETTER
I.
To
Pesteli
Hali
,
his
Brother
,
Master
of
the
Customs
,
and
Superintendant
of
the
Arsenal
at
Constantinople
.
I
Know
not
well
,
whether
it
is
my
Part
to
be
sorry
or
glad
,
when
I
hear
thy
Son
is
Wild
and
Prodigal
:
That
he
is
Amorous
,
and
very
much
addicted
to
Frolick
with
Women
,
Wine
,
and
Musick
;
That
he
frequents
the
Bathes
and
Play-Houses
,
on
purpose
to
make
some
Interest
for
his
Love
,
that
he
may
sometimes
get
a
sight
of
Beautiful
Ladies
,
and
have
the
Pleasure
of
being
admitted
into
their
Company
;
That
he
haunts
the
Society
of
Foreign
Merchants
,
the
Houses
of
Christian
Embassadors
,
and
insinuates
himself
into
the
Acquaintance
and
Familiarity
of
all
Travellers
,
who
make
any
Figure
in
the
Imperial
City
.
I
protest
,
it
seems
difficult
in
my
Opinion
,
to
determine
whether
thou
thy self
hast
Reason
to
be
griev'd
at
all
this
,
or
not
rather
to
rejoice
,
as
at
a
Presage
of
his
future
good
Fortune
;
since
it
is
a
manifest
Argument
of
the
Greatness
of
his
Soul
:
And
,
let
that
alone
to
work
out
its
own
Way
to
Happiness
.
Never
check
a
Generous
Spirit
:
For
such
are
full
of
the
Divinity
.
They
are
the
Eagles
,
the
Lyons
,
the
Kings
and
Princes
of
the
Earth
.
Their
Veins
flow
with
Sacred
Blood
;
their
Nerves
strut
with
the
Milk
of
Paradise
.
A
Thousand
Excellencies
possess
their
Hearts
,
and
Ten
Thousand
Perfections
take
Root
in
their
Brains
.
Whatever
of
Precious
is
scatter'd
up
and
down
in
the
Elements
,
meets
in
their
Accomplish'd
Nature
,
as
in
an
Epitome
,
or
rich
Compendium
of
the
Brightest
Essences
;
an
Extract
of
all
that
's
Valuable
,
Good
,
and
Lovely
in
the
Vniverse
.
Be
not
discourag'd
to
see
thy
Son
Amorous
of
Women
.
'T
is
a
Sign
of
a
good
Nature
;
and
he
is
lookt
upon
as
a
Monster
,
or
degenerate
Person
,
who
feels
no
Warmths
or
Passions
for
that
lovely
Sex
.
Women
are
sent
into
the
World
on
purpose
to
blow
up
those
gentle
Flames
within
our
Breasts
,
which
sublimate
our
grosser
Mold
,
and
make
us
more
refin'd
.
Love
is
a
sacred
Phrensie
of
the
Soul
,
a
Divine
Madness
,
elevating
a
Man
up
to
the
Pitch
of
a
Santone
,
and
rendring
him
the
Care
of
the
Benigner
Daemons
.
He
is
every
where
safe
;
having
the
Favour
of
Gods
and
Men
,
as
the
Roman
Poet
expresses
it
:
Quisquis
Amore
tenetur
,
eat
tutusque
sacerque
.
And
had
it
not
been
for
thy
own
Experience
of
this
Noble
Passion
,
thou
hadst
not
had
a
Son
to
complain
of
.
Perhaps
it
makes
him
expensive
and
costly
in
his
manner
of
living
.
He
wou'd
,
no
doubt
,
appear
Gay
and
Polite
in
the
Eyes
of
his
Mistresses
:
He
would
be
Generous
and
Magnificent
in
his
Entertainments
;
Liberal
to
his
Friends
and
Acquaintance
;
Charitable
to
all
Persons
in
Distress
.
And
canst
thou
really
blame
him
for
putting
in
Practice
so
many
Amiable
Vertues
?
Is
not
this
better
than
to
see
him
of
a
sneaking
,
sordid
Temper
,
addicted
to
Avarice
,
and
other
Ignoble
Vices
?
Remember
thy
own
Genius
,
when
thou
wert
Young
;
what
a
passionate
Delight
thou
took'st
in
Travelling
?
Yet
,
this
cou'd
not
be
maintain'd
without
great
Charges
.
Consider
therefore
,
that
it
is
thy
own
Blood
,
running
in
the
Veins
of
thy
Son
,
which
prompts
him
to
a
Noble
Way
of
living
.
And
do
not
thou
imitate
those
Fathers
,
who
by
their
Severity
,
teach
their
Children
to
degenerate
,
instead
of
making
them
better
,
or
more
reform'd
.
They
frighten
them
from
the
Paths
of
innate
Vertue
,
for
the
Lucre
of
their
Gold
,
and
take
Abundance
of
Pains
to
instruct
them
in
the
Methods
of
Covetousness
;
as
if
that
alone
were
the
Zenith
of
Wisdom
and
Vertue
,
whereas
it
is
in
Truth
,
the
very
Sink
and
Seminary
of
all
Vice
.
I
will
relate
to
thee
a
Story
which
I
have
heard
in
Paris
,
which
has
something
in
it
very
Singular
and
Remarkable
,
concerning
the
Affection
and
Care
of
a
Father
toward
his
Extravagant
and
Prodigal
Son
.
This
old
Gentleman
had
a
fair
Seat
about
ten
Leagues
from
this
City
,
which
had
belong'd
to
his
Family
for
the
space
of
Five
Hundred
Years
.
His
Yearly
Revenue
was
very
considerable
;
and
having
only
one
Son
,
he
gave
him
the
Liberty
of
managing
Half
his
Estate
,
when
he
came
to
the
Age
of
One
and
Twenty
Years
.
This
young
Spark
being
of
a
High
Spirit
,
was
so
far
from
harbouring
any
Thoughts
of
Frugality
,
that
he
cou'd
hardly
brook
the
Necessity
of
living
within
the
Compass
of
his
Allowance
.
He
addicted
himself
to
Gaming
,
Drinking
,
and
other
lewd
Courses
,
which
in
a
short
Time
consum'd
his
Means
,
and
reduc'd
him
to
great
Streights
.
About
the
same
Time
his
Father
dyed
,
and
left
him
the
Remainder
of
his
Estate
,
giving
him
all
the
Instructions
that
are
usual
in
such
Cases
;
and
among
the
Rest
of
his
Sage
Counsels
,
he
charg'd
him
,
If
it
shou'd
be
his
Misfortune
to
become
a
Bankrupt
again
,
so
as
to
be
forc'd
to
sell
his
Estate
,
that
he
wou'd
at
least
not
part
with
that
House
which
had
been
so
long
in
the
Possession
of
their
Family
:
Especially
he
conjur'd
him
to
reserve
one
particular
Chamber
for
himself
as
long
as
he
liv'd
,
which
was
the
same
where
he
then
lay
a-dying
.
For
this
,
said
he
,
will
be
a
Sanctuary
for
you
,
when
you
have
no
other
Place
of
Refuge
in
the
World
.
After
the
Old
Man's
Decease
,
his
Son
fell
to
his
former
Course
of
Life
;
and
,
to
make
short
of
it
,
in
a
few
Years
spent
all
his
Patrimony
;
even
that
very
House
it self
,
which
he
was
forc'd
to
sell
at
last
for
an
under-price
,
to
supply
his
present
Necessities
.
However
,
he
obey'd
his
Father's
last
Injunction
;
and
in
the
Sale
of
the
House
,
made
Articles
for
the
perpetual
Claim
and
Use
of
that
Chamber
to
himself
.
It
was
not
long
before
he
had
consum'd
the
Money
which
he
receiv'd
for
the
House
:
So
that
now
his
last
Support
was
gone
.
He
try'd
to
borrow
some
of
his
Friends
and
Acquaintance
:
And
in
Charity
they
supply'd
him
at
first
with
small
Sums
:
But
when
he
often
press'd
them
,
they
grew
weary
of
him
,
and
deny'd
to
part
with
any
more
.
The
disconsolate
Gentleman
,
over-whelm'd
with
Grief
and
Melancholy
,
returns
to
his
Chamber
,
hoping
to
find
some
Ease
in
that
private
Recess
;
where
he
might
at
least
have
the
Privilege
of
venting
his
Sorrow
in
Sighs
and
Tears
.
He
pass'd
away
some
time
in
this
dejected
Condition
,
when
at
length
he
cast
his
Eyes
on
an
old
Trunk
which
stood
in
a
corner
of
the
Chamber
,
and
which
he
had
scarce
ever
regarded
before
.
An
odd
Curiosity
prompted
him
to
rise
and
look
into
this
Trunk
,
perhaps
not
so
much
in
Hopes
of
finding
any
Relief
there
,
as
to
divert
himself
and
pass
away
the
tedious
Minutes
.
And
yet
't
is
Natural
for
People
in
great
Calamities
and
Misfortunes
,
to
flatter
themselves
with
the
Imagination
of
unexpected
Reliefs
,
and
to
catch
at
every
the
least
Glimpse
or
Shadow
,
that
seems
to
presage
any
Good
.
Be
it
how
it
will
,
he
fell
to
rifling
the
Trunk
,
but
found
nothing
,
save
a
Parcel
of
Old
Rags
and
Papers
,
with
other
Remnants
and
Fragments
of
Silk
,
Linnen
,
and
Velvet
,
the
Reliques
and
Spoils
of
his
Father's
Wardrobe
.
This
was
no
Booty
for
him
:
However
,
he
ceas'd
not
his
Scrutiny
,
till
he
had
quite
empty'd
the
Trunk
.
When
to
his
no
small
Astonishment
he
found
these
Words
on
the
Bottom
:
Ah
Prodigal
!
hast
thou
spent
All
,
and
sold
thy
House
?
Now
go
and
hang
thy self
.
There
is
a
Rope
ready
provided
for
thee
in
the
Beam
of
the
Chamber
.
The
Young
Gentleman
looking
up
to
the
Cieling
,
and
seeing
a
Halter
hang
there
,
being
fasten'd
to
an
Iron
Ring
,
was
struck
with
such
a
Damp
,
that
concluding
it
was
the
Will
of
Fate
,
that
he
should
fulfill
the
Words
he
found
on
the
Bottom
of
the
Trunk
;
he
immediately
took
a
Chair
,
or
Stool
,
and
placing
it
just
under
the
Rope
,
got
up
and
rais'd
himself
upon
it
,
that
so
he
might
the
better
reach
the
design'd
Instrument
of
his
Death
.
He
stood
not
long
musing
:
For
Life
appear'd
now
Insupportable
to
him
.
Wherefore
putting
the
Halter
about
his
Neck
,
in
the
Height
of
Despair
,
he
kick'd
the
Stool
away
.
When
behold
,
instead
of
hanging
there
,
he
fell
to
the
Ground
,
the
weighty
Swing
of
his
Body
having
pull'd
out
a
Piece
of
square
Timber
from
the
Beam
,
being
that
Part
to
which
the
Ring
was
fasten'd
.
Immediately
he
was
like
to
be
over-whelm'd
,
and
buryed
alive
in
a
great
Heap
of
Gold
,
which
came
showring
down
upon
him
out
of
the
Hollow
Place
,
which
his
Father
had
contriv'd
on
Purpose
in
the
Beam
,
to
put
this
Kind
Sarcasm
on
his
Son
,
now
sufficiently
mortified
by
so
many
Sorrows
.
In
a
word
,
this
made
so
deep
an
Impression
on
him
,
that
he
grew
reform'd
,
buying
all
his
Estate
back
again
with
Part
of
the
Money
;
and
employing
the
Rest
in
Merchandising
,
grew
to
be
a
Richer
Man
than
his
Father
,
or
any
of
his
Progenitors
.
Dear
Pesteli
,
thy
Son
is
Generous
and
Witty
:
It
is
thy
Part
to
reclaim
him
by
Methods
agreeable
to
his
Nature
.
For
Ruggedness
and
Austerity
,
will
make
him
but
the
worse
.
Paris
,
5th
.
of
the
11th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
,
1671.
LETTER
II.
To
Codorafrad
Cheick
,
a
Man
of
the
Law
.
HEre
has
happen'd
an
Accident
of
late
,
which
testifies
the
Zeal
of
the
French
for
their
Religion
,
as
well
as
it
discovers
the
Rash
and
Unwarrantable
Fury
of
a
Bigotted
Desperado
.
This
Person
was
one
of
that
Sect
they
call
Huguenots
,
of
whom
there
are
great
Multitudes
in
France
;
and
they
are
Diametrically
Opposite
to
those
of
the
Roman
Faith
in
their
Principles
,
and
the
Manner
of
Worshipping
God
;
yet
are
tolerated
by
the
State
,
to
prevent
the
Inconveniencies
of
a
Civil
War
,
and
the
Effusion
of
Humane
Blood
.
The
King
chusing
rather
by
Clemency
to
win
them
to
his
Party
,
than
by
a
severe
Execution
of
the
Laws
in
Force
against
them
,
to
compell
their
Consciences
in
Matters
relating
to
God
.
Yet
many
Men
are
of
Opinion
,
That
this
Royal
Condescention
will
not
have
its
desir'd
Effect
,
upon
a
Stubborn
and
Ungrateful
sort
of
People
;
who
instead
of
being
oblig'd
to
Fidelity
and
Obedience
by
such
Indulgent
Favours
,
are
apt
to
interpret
them
as
Arguments
of
the
King's
Impotence
and
Disability
to
punish
those
that
resist
his
Authority
,
and
to
harden
themselves
the
more
in
their
Factious
Insolence
:
As
it
will
appear
by
what
I
am
going
to
relate
of
a
certain
Religious
Furioso
,
a
Huguenot
by
Profession
.
This
Fellow
coming
one
Day
into
the
Great
Temple
in
Paris
,
which
they
call
Nostre
Dame
,
makes
up
directly
toward
the
Priest
who
was
celebrating
the
Mass
;
and
waiting
a
convenient
Season
to
execute
his
Purpose
,
just
as
the
Priest
was
elevating
that
which
they
esteem
the
Sacramental
Body
of
Jesus
,
the
Messias
,
above
his
Head
,
according
to
Custom
,
that
it
might
be
Ador'd
by
all
the
Congregation
;
this
Ruffian
steps
to
him
,
and
striking
the
Wafer
out
of
his
Hand
,
trampl'd
it
under
Foot
,
and
then
assassinated
the
Priest
with
his
Dagger
.
The
whole
Assembly
were
astonish'd
at
such
an
unexampl'd
Attempt
.
They
stood
still
like
Statues
for
a
while
,
and
suffer'd
the
Villain
to
pass
through
the
Throng
,
till
he
came
to
the
very
Gate
of
the
Temple
:
When
beginning
to
rouze
out
of
their
Stupefaction
,
some
run
after
him
,
and
so
he
was
siez'd
,
and
carried
before
the
next
Cadi
,
or
Judge
of
Criminal
Causes
,
who
condemn'd
him
to
have
his
Right
Hand
first
cut
off
before
the
Gate
of
the
same
Temple
,
where
he
had
been
guilty
of
this
Assassine
and
Prophanation
,
and
his
Body
presently
afterwards
to
be
burnt
alive
.
Which
was
accordingly
executed
.
But
not
thinking
this
a
sufficient
Expiation
of
the
Dishonour
done
to
God
,
the
Archbishop
of
Paris
commanded
Publick
Prayers
to
be
made
which
they
call
the
Oraisons
of
Forty
Hours
.
He
appointed
also
a
Solemn
Procession
of
all
the
Clergy
to
the
Temple
of
Nostre
Dame
,
to
cleanse
it
from
the
Defilement
(
which
,
according
to
their
Belief
)
it
had
contracted
by
this
Impious
Action
.
The
Soveraign
Companies
of
the
City
likewise
,
attended
these
Ceremonies
in
their
Robes
of
Honour
,
to
testifie
their
Devotion
.
Thou
wilt
not
conclude
me
an
Infidel
,
or
say
that
I
undertake
the
Patronage
of
the
Roman
Religion
,
if
I
condemn
this
Fellow
as
a
Martyr
to
his
own
Presumption
and
Arrogance
.
The
Romans
and
Huguenots
are
all
alike
to
me
,
so
long
as
they
are
equally
Enenemies
to
the
Messenger
of
God
.
But
it
is
not
decent
or
wise
,
neither
Good
Manners
nor
Policy
to
affront
the
Establish'd
Religion
of
the
Country
where
a
Man
lives
.
'T
was
sufficient
that
this
Ruffian
,
and
all
his
Brethren
,
had
the
Liberty
of
serving
God
after
their
own
Way
.
It
was
an
unpardonable
Immorality
to
disturb
the
lawful
Priests
of
the
Nation
,
especially
in
so
barbarous
a
Manner
,
in
the
very
Heighth
of
their
Mysteries
,
the
midst
of
their
Daily
Sacrifice
at
the
Altar
of
their
God
;
where
they
profess
to
immolate
after
a
transcendant
Manner
,
no
less
than
the
Body
and
Blood
of
the
Messias
,
Doubtless
,
all
Nations
are
Zealous
for
their
Religion
,
and
we
Mussulmans
shou'd
not
scruple
to
put
to
Death
a
Head-strong
Giafer
,
who
wou'd
presume
but
to
pollute
our
Sacred
Mosques
by
his
Uncircumcised
Presence
;
much
less
should
we
spare
him
,
if
he
attempted
to
offer
any
Violence
to
a
True
Believer
,
as
he
was
Adoring
the
Eternal
Vnity
,
after
the
way
observed
by
our
Fathers
,
and
commanded
by
the
Prophet
.
And
tho'
these
Nazarenes
are
Worshippers
of
Images
and
Pictures
;
tho'
they
Adore
that
,
which
to
all
outward
Appearance
is
but
a
Piece
of
Bread
;
yet
the
Precept
of
Moses
ought
to
be
regarded
,
which
says
,
Ye
shall
not
Blaspheme
the
Gods
of
the
Nations
whither
ye
go
to
dwell
.
Venerable
Successor
of
Moses
and
the
Prophets
,
vouchsafe
to
pray
for
Mahmut
,
that
whilst
he
dwells
among
these
Infidels
,
he
may
neither
make
Shipwreck
of
his
Faith
,
by
embracing
their
Vanities
,
nor
yet
forfeit
his
Discretion
by
any
Rude
,
Unseemly
,
or
Violent
Carriage
against
them
.
Paris
,
23d
.
of
the
12th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1671.
LETTER
III.
To
Dgnet
Oglou
.
THere
are
a
sort
of
Men
among
the
Nazarene
Ecclesiasticks
,
whom
they
call
Casuists
.
These
are
profoundly
Vers'd
in
the
Learning
of
the
Schools
,
which
(
if
thou
remembrest
)
Honest
Father
Antonio
,
the
Old
Sicilian
Priest
,
our
Friend
,
us'd
to
term
The
Science
of
Husks
.
A
dry
,
chaffy
Sort
of
Knowledge
,
consisting
only
of
empty
,
vapid
Notions
,
windy
Idea's
,
Distinctions
made
in
Sand
,
which
may
be
effac'd
,
alter'd
,
or
form'd
at
Pleasure
.
The
very
Contemplation
of
these
Metaphysical
Trifles
,
is
enough
to
put
one
in
a
Fever
;
so
subtle
is
the
Poyson
they
contain
:
a
spiritual
Venom
,
which
darts
like
Lightning
through
ones
Thoughts
,
and
soon
ferments
the
Soul
,
boiling
our
Reason
up
,
to
Scum
and
Froth
it self
away
in
Divine
Jargon
,
and
Religious
Nonsence
.
These
Men
will
spilt
a
Hair
in
Divinity
,
to
make
a
Scruple
,
or
to
disannull
it
.
They
raise
a
Dust
in
the
Eyes
of
those
that
give
Heed
to
them
,
and
play
fast
and
loose
with
Humane
Reason
,
as
it
serves
a
Turn
.
They
'll
make
a
Hog
of
a
Cushion
,
and
turn
an
Elephant
into
a
Coffee-Dish
,
with
their
enchanting
Haecceities
,
Identities
,
Quatenus's
,
and
the
Rest
of
their
Learned
Legerdemain
,
the
perfect
Hocus-Pocus
of
the
Sorbonne
,
by
which
they
juggle
Men
out
of
their
Senses
,
and
frame
Chimaera's
far
more
Monstrous
than
those
in
the
Fictions
of
Ovid
,
or
the
more
Early
and
Mysterious
Poems
of
Musaeus
,
Orpheus
,
and
Hesiod
.
They
teach
Men
to
stumble
at
a
Feather
in
the
way
of
a
Religious
Life
,
yet
not
to
boggle
at
a
Milstone
or
a
Mountain
,
where
Interest
calls
for
Resolution
and
Speed
.
They
start
more
Difficulties
than
themselves
can
answer
in
the
Cases
of
the
Poor
:
But
where
Plenty
of
Gold
appears
,
every
Thing
is
made
easie
and
plain
.
Mere
Higglers
in
Religion
;
Quacks
and
Empiricks
in
Matters
of
Conscience
;
murdering
a
Thousand
Distemper'd
Souls
,
for
one
they
Cure
:
Pretending
to
be
Guides
to
Paradise
,
they
lead
Men
through
uncouth
Paths
,
and
intricate
windings
,
till
they
are
lost
in
Labyrinths
of
Error
,
bordering
on
the
Confines
of
Hell
.
And
then
they
leave
'em
to
themselves
;
where
,
if
they
make
One
false
Step
,
they
go
out
of
their
Bounds
,
trespass
on
the
Devil's
Frontiers
,
and
so
are
either
in
Danger
of
a
Precipice
,
or
at
least
of
being
taken
Captives
,
by
the
out-lying
Scouts
of
the
Infernal
Kingdom
,
from
whom
't
is
difficult
to
escape
.
There
were
such
as
these
also
among
the
Jews
and
Gentiles
of
Old
,
and
so
there
are
at
this
Day
,
in
all
Religions
,
Men
who
are
severe
in
Punctilio's
,
and
neglect
the
more
Important
Precepts
of
the
Law
.
Nor
can
the
Mussulmans
themselves
be
free
from
this
Embarassment
of
the
Faith
and
Truth
brought
down
from
Heaven
.
If
thou
observest
the
grave
and
supercilious
Looks
of
our
Imaum's
,
Mollah's
,
Cadi's
,
&c.
Thou
'lt
take
'em
for
the
Justest
Men
,
the
Holyest
Saints
on
Earth
.
Mark
but
their
Discourse
,
't
is
an
Abridgement
of
the
Alcoran
.
They
're
seen
each
Morning
at
the
First
Hour
of
Publick
Prayer
,
walking
before
the
Mosques
,
or
sitting
in
the
Royal
Coemeteries
,
under
some
Melancholy
Cypress
,
reading
the
Book
of
Assonah
,
or
some
other
Spiritual
Treatise
.
With
Eyes
cast
up
to
Heaven
,
or
humbly
fix'd
upon
the
Ground
,
and
Minick
Postures
of
their
Hands
,
they
act
Devotion
to
the
Life
:
Yet
,
in
their
Hearts
,
perhaps
,
are
studying
how
to
Circumvent
their
Neighbour
.
Go
to
these
Persons
for
Instruction
in
any
doubtful
Case
:
They
'll
hamper
thee
with
far-fetch'd
Terms
and
crabbed
Problems
:
With
formal
Aspects
,
and
tedious
Circumlocutions
,
stroaking
their
Beards
,
and
sighing
from
Deceitful
Breasts
,
they
'll
Industriously
amuse
thy
Soul
with
Dark
Aenigma's
,
and
trapan
thy
Sense
in
Snares
of
Insignificant
and
Untelligible
Words
;
striving
to
make
thee
believe
,
they
are
the
Pick-Locks
of
the
Eternal
Cabinet
,
if
not
the
Privy-Counsellors
of
Heaven
:
Whereas
,
the
way
of
Piety
is
plain
,
and
circumscrib'd
with
certain
noted
Boundaries
.
'T
is
hard
indeed
for
a
bewilder'd
Traveller
,
to
find
the
Narrow
Gate
and
First
Avenue
of
this
Sacred
Path
,
amongst
so
many
Gorgeous
,
Glittering
Portals
,
ever
standing
open
,
and
inviting
Men
into
the
spacious
Fields
of
Vice
.
But
when
he
has
once
enter'd
the
obscurer
Pass
,
he
has
nothing
else
to
do
,
but
go
directly
on
,
without
turning
to
the
Right
Hand
or
the
Left
;
only
regarding
the
fix'd
Landmarks
of
Eternal
Truth
,
invariable
Reason
,
and
sound
Morality
.
To
speak
plainly
,
A
Man's
Duty
is
comprehended
in
a
few
easie
Rules
:
And
he
that
goes
to
render
'em
difficult
,
by
knotty
,
thorny
Glosses
,
throws
Stumbling-Blocks
before
the
Feet
of
True
Believers
,
and
interrupts
their
Pilgrimage
to
Heaven
.
My
Friend
,
if
any
Pious
Scruples
trouble
thee
or
me
,
let
us
henceforth
be
our
own
Casuists
;
and
not
by
blind
implicite
Faith
,
enslave
our
Souls
to
Men
perhaps
more
Ignorant
than
our Selves
.
The
Law
is
plain
and
positive
,
in
necessary
Matters
.
What
need
we
seek
to
entangle
our Selves
with
more
?
If
we
perform
our
Oraisons
at
the
appointed
Hours
,
What
matter
is
it
whether
we
observe
the
Six
Traditionary
Postures
,
or
no
?
We
that
are
Illuminated
,
I
only
speak
of
such
.
As
for
the
Phlegmatick
,
Dull
Multitude
,
't
is
fit
they
shou'd
be
curb'd
with
Discipline
,
and
made
to
observe
the
nice
Punctilio's
of
Obedience
.
What
signifies
the
old
Versatile
Turn
of
th'
Head
,
from
one
side
to
th'
other
,
as
if
we
thought
to
catch
the
Prophet
peeping
o'er
our
Shoulders
?
Or
,
Where
's
the
Sense
of
the
profounder
Mystery
,
of
poring
on
our
Fingers
with
extended
Palms
,
as
if
we
were
at
School
,
and
learning
our
Alphabet
;
or
imitated
the
clownish
Rusticks
of
Armenia
,
who
as
they
work
i'
th'
Fields
and
Vineyards
,
will
make
a
Dyal
of
their
Hand
,
a
Gnomon
of
a
Straw
,
and
lose
an
Hour
in
stedfast
gazing
on
their
dirty
Fists
,
to
know
what
Time
of
Day
'
t
is
?
Then
the
Mysterious
Resting
of
our
Hands
upon
our
Knees
,
with
other
Formal
Ceremonies
;
What
are
they
all
,
but
an
External
Discipline
,
confirm'd
by
Ancient
Custom
,
and
observ'd
for
Order's
Sake
?
This
need
not
trouble
thee
or
me
,
when
e'er
we
have
Occasion
to
retrench
such
Indifferent
Niceties
.
Nay
,
to
go
farther
;
if
we
should
neglect
the
stated
Periods
of
Solemn
Adoration
,
compell'd
thereto
by
Sickness
,
Travelling
,
or
any
other
Necessity
;
Be
not
disconsolate
,
as
if
thou
hadst
been
guilty
of
a
Mortal
Sin
.
Some
supererogating
Work
of
Charity
,
will
cancell
Ten
such
Faults
as
that
:
Or
at
least
,
thou
may'st
look
boldly
in
the
Face
of
God
,
when
at
another
Season
,
on
thy
Knees
,
thou
makest
ample
Compensation
;
Or
by
sacred
Abstinence
and
Fasting
,
dispersest
all
the
Mists
and
Clouds
of
Guilt
,
that
sate
so
heavy
on
thy
Soul
.
The
Times
are
all
alike
to
him
who
is
Eternal
.
There
's
no
Distinction
of
Day
or
Night
,
with
that
Immortal
Essence
,
who
made
the
Sun
and
Stars
,
and
is
himself
th'
unchangeable
Source
of
Light
.
So
,
if
we
shou'd
address
our Selves
to
Heaven
,
without
the
usual
Forms
of
Prayer
,
or
any
words
at
all
;
we
have
no
Reason
to
be
sad
,
as
if
our
Oraisons
were
Ineffectual
and
Unheard
.
In
the
Eternal
High
Recess
,
our
silent
Vows
and
softest
Whispers
of
the
Soul
,
Eccho
as
loud
as
the
most
bold
and
noisy
Clamour
of
the
Tongue
.
There
is
a
Rank
of
Spirits
among
the
Rest
Above
,
on
purpose
made
to
waft
the
Secret
Thoughts
of
Mortal
Men
to
Heaven
.
We
cannot
fail
of
Audience
there
,
when
e'er
we
send
the
least
Ejaculation
up
,
with
firm
Credentials
,
from
the
Heart
.
In
a
word
,
believe
my
Dgnet
,
That
the
Supremely
Intelligent
and
Wise
,
chiefly
regards
the
Intention
and
Fervour
of
our
Minds
,
the
Habitual
Bent
of
our
Souls
,
with
the
Innocent
and
Pious
Actions
of
our
Lives
.
He
is
not
to
be
mov'd
(
unless
to
Indignation
)
by
the
vain
Tautologies
of
our
Verbal
Oraisons
,
the
nauseating
Crambe
of
devoutest
Words
,
common
to
Hypocrites
and
Persons
of
Sincerity
,
to
the
most
Incorrigible
Sinners
,
and
the
Greatest
Saints
.
The
humble
Silence
of
a
Heart
resign'd
to
Destiny
,
is
a
Pacifick
Sacrifice
,
attoning
for
the
greatest
Sins
,
attracting
choicest
Favours
,
Smiles
and
Benedictions
from
the
Eternal
.
This
is
the
Discipline
of
Sacred
Love
;
the
Rule
of
perfect
Life
,
the
Secret
Chart
of
the
Elect
,
whereby
they
steer
their
Course
to
Paradise
.
Which
of
the
Prophets
was
a
formal
Beadsman
,
to
number
out
his
Oraisons
at
Finger's
End
,
and
offer
up
to
God
a
short
and
vain
Retail
of
Words
,
in
Recompence
of
Infinite
Bounties
Past
,
and
in
Hopes
of
more
to
Come
?
When
Mahomet
was
pursu'd
by
cruel
Infidels
,
and
forc'd
to
make
the
Wilderness
his
Sanctuary
,
and
hide
himself
within
the
Hollow
of
an
Aged
Oak
,
He
did
not
seek
to
amuse
th'
Eternal
with
studied
Forms
of
Speech
and
Humane
Eloquence
,
or
tire
th'
Immortal
Ears
with
a
Religious
long
Harangue
;
as
if
he
thought
to
ensnare
the
General
Mercy
of
the
Holy
One
,
in
Trains
of
Artificial
and
Elaborate
Language
,
or
catch
his
more
particular
Indulgence
,
in
a
Trap
of
Subtile
Rhetorick
.
The
harmless
Saint
,
with
Heart
and
Face
,
compos'd
with
Self-denying
Thoughts
and
Looks
,
stood
like
a
Statue
in
the
Bless'd
Asylum
:
Whilst
gentle
Rivolets
of
Compassionate
Tears
trill'd
down
his
Cheeks
,
His
Soul
was
pierc'd
with
Sacred
Pity
to
his
Enemies
.
He
sigh'd
,
and
wish'd
,
in
short
,
whatever
Blameless
Piety
cou'd
suggest
for
him
and
them
.
Angels
immediately
carried
the
Prophetick
Vows
to
Heaven
.
His
silent
passionate
Prayer
was
heard
.
The
Cruel
Persecutors
,
blinded
with
Impious
Fury
,
rush'd
into
the
Desart
;
they
sp●…ad
themselves
abroad
and
rode
at
large
:
One
Traytor
spurr'd
his
Horse
through
thickest
Webs
of
low
entangl'd
Thorns
and
Underwoods
,
greedy
of
the
Royal
and
Majestick
Prey
;
whilst
others
took
the
open
Paths
,
hoping
to
overtake
the
Prophet
on
the
Flight
.
They
seem'd
to
swim
or
fly
,
rather
than
ride
,
such
was
the
Swiftness
of
their
Course
.
Fierce
was
the
Cry
,
re-eccho'd
from
the
Hollows
of
the
Rocks
,
and
Valleys
,
[
Mecca
,
for
the
Head
of
Mahomet
.
]
Some
stumbled
at
the
out-creeping
Roots
of
Trees
,
and
broke
a
Leg
or
Arm
,
by
a
Precipitate
Fall
from
off
their
Beasts
;
whilst
others
had
their
Eyes
struck
Blind
by
Interfering
Twigs
.
One
had
his
Turbant
rudely
brush'd
off
,
and
Scalp
severely
shav'd
,
by
broken
Stumps
of
Boughs
,
and
Rows
of
Knotty
Branches
,
plac'd
and
bent
down
by
Fate
,
on
Purpose
to
revenge
th'
Apostle's
Cause
on
such
a
Miscreant
as
this
.
Another
cou'd
not
curb
his
Horse
from
jumping
down
into
a
deep
blind
Quarrey
,
dugg
i'
th'
midst
o'
th'
Wood
,
where
the
proud
Heretick
dash'd
his
Skull
and
Brains
upon
the
Marble
Pavement
at
the
Bottom
.
So
Sensible
and
Vindictive
are
Inanimate
Creatures
,
when
a
Good
Man
,
a
Saint
,
a
Friend
of
God
is
wrong'd
.
The
very
Stocks
and
Stones
,
and
all
the
Elements
are
touch'd
with
Sacred
Sympathies
at
such
a
Time
.
The
Frame
of
Nature
feels
strange
tender
Passions
,
Fits
,
and
Qualms
of
Amorous
Regard
:
And
God
himself
,
if
I
may
so
express
my self
,
is
rowz'd
as
from
a
Trance
,
and
snatching
up
the
Weapons
of
his
Power
and
Wrath
,
runs
like
a
Champion
to
defend
the
Cause
of
injur'd
Innocence
.
But
,
I
forget
that
I
am
writing
a
Letter
,
and
therefore
ought
to
be
Brief
.
Besides
,
what
I
have
said
,
is
sufficient
to
convince
thee
,
That
I
have
an
Idea
of
Religion
,
far
different
from
that
which
the
Casuists
,
whether
Mussulmans
or
Christians
,
would
Imprint
in
Men's
Minds
.
If
thou
can'st
not
think
as
I
do
,
I
condemn
thee
not
.
Use
thy
Native
Freedom
;
but
remember
,
That
tho'
Men's
Reasons
and
Opinions
vary
as
do
their
Faces
;
yet
Truth
is
Homogeneous
,
Uniform
,
and
ever
of
the
same
Complexion
,
in
all
Ages
and
Nations
.
Paris
,
the
1st
.
of
the
2d
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1672.
LETTER
IV.
To
the
Kaimacham
.
THE
King
of
France
has
lately
made
a
League
with
the
King
of
England
.
Whereupon
the
People
,
by
way
of
Proverb
,
say
,
That
Mars
and
Jupiter
are
now
in
Conjunction
:
Reflecting
thereby
on
the
different
Tempers
of
these
Two
Princes
.
The
One
,
Debonaire
and
Jovial
,
Excessively
addicted
to
Women
and
Wine
,
yet
not
forgetting
or
declining
Martial
Affairs
,
when
his
Honour
or
Interest
invites
him
to
take
up
Arms
:
The
Other
seeming
wholly
taken
up
with
the
Thoughts
of
Conquest
,
and
enlarging
his
Dominions
;
yet
sparing
some
Time
for
the
Enjoyment
of
Himself
,
and
Prosecution
of
his
Amours
.
However
,
both
of
them
now
have
proclaim'd
Open
War
against
the
Hollanders
,
by
Sea
and
Land
.
The
King
of
Sweden
,
who
was
before
an
Allie
of
the
Dutch
,
has
of
late
declar'd
himself
a
Neuter
.
And
the
Bishop
of
Munster
,
who
is
one
of
the
Electors
of
the
German
Empire
,
is
engag'd
in
the
French
Interest
.
Thus
are
some
of
the
Princes
and
States
in
Europe
divided
already
;
and
God
knows
how
far
the
Breach
may
extend
in
Time
.
'T
is
not
altogether
unworthy
of
Remark
,
what
different
Factions
there
were
of
Late
amongst
the
Hollanders
themselves
,
tho'
a
Republick
pretending
to
greater
and
faster
Union
of
Interests
,
than
what
can
be
found
in
any
Monarchy
.
Yet
this
Commonwealth
was
rent
into
Three
several
Parties
:
Whereof
One
was
headed
by
the
Prince
of
Orange
;
the
Other
by
John
De-Wit
;
and
the
Third
was
compos'd
of
the
Commons
,
without
any
Chief
of
Note
.
I
will
〈◊〉
trouble
thee
with
a
Character
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
.
He
is
already
known
by
Fame
at
the
Sublime
Port.
As
to
John
De-Wit
,
I
can
give
no
other
Account
at
present
;
but
that
he
was
a
Person
whom
Fortune
had
rais'd
to
such
an
Eminence
in
the
Commonwealth
,
as
made
him
the
Prince
of
Orange's
Rival
,
and
Competitor
for
the
Supremacy
.
Therefore
he
sought
to
exclude
him
from
all
Employments
and
Offices
of
Trust
,
that
he
might
establish
himself
in
his
Place
.
The
Third
Party
,
whom
we
may
call
Republicans
,
were
of
Opinion
,
That
it
was
not
for
the
Honour
of
the
Commonwealth
to
acknowledge
any
Head
;
judging
that
the
Establishment
or
Exclusion
,
the
Rise
or
Fall
of
the
Prince
or
De
Wit
,
ought
to
be
a
Thing
Indifferent
to
the
States
.
In
regard
the
Commonwealth
appear'd
in
their
sight
sufficiently
to
flourish
,
under
the
Protection
of
her
own
Arms
and
Riches
,
without
having
any
Need
of
either
the
Prince
of
Orange's
Assistance
,
or
De
Wit's
.
However
,
notwithstanding
these
Animosities
of
the
Hollanders
among
themselves
;
as
soon
as
they
found
themselves
engag'd
in
a
War
with
Two
such
Potent
Monarchs
,
They
all
Unanimously
chose
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
as
General
of
their
Army
;
Remembring
the
Famous
Actions
of
his
Fathers
,
the
Princes
of
the
House
of
Nassaw
;
by
whose
Valour
and
Conduct
,
they
had
gain'd
and
conserv'd
their
Liberties
.
On
the
other
side
,
De
Wit
having
rendred
himself
Odious
to
the
Vulgar
,
was
by
them
torn
in
pieces
:
Such
a
Destiny
oft
happening
to
those
who
aspire
to
raise
themselves
by
Unlawful
Methods
,
and
who
are
Ambitious
to
be
the
Ringleaders
of
a
Faction
.
The
French
call
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
a
General
without
an
Army
;
In
Regard
,
the
Hollanders
being
as
yet
only
upon
the
Defensive
,
and
their
Towns
wanting
strong
Garrisons
;
their
Soldiers
are
all
dispos'd
of
this
Way
,
so
that
there
is
little
or
no
Appearance
of
a
Field-Army
.
This
is
Certain
,
the
King
of
France
is
the
most
Gallant
Prince
in
Europe
.
he
passes
from
Divertisements
to
the
Toils
of
War
;
and
from
the
Champaign
returns
to
his
Pleasures
again
.
Thus
,
't
is
difficult
to
distinguish
between
his
Labours
and
Recreations
;
his
Pleasures
and
his
Business
.
They
seem
to
be
near
of
Kin
,
that
he
takes
equal
Pleasure
in
both
'T
was
but
a
little
before
the
first
Appearances
of
this
War
,
That
he
and
his
Queen
were
revelling
in
the
Gardens
of
Chantilly
,
where
a
Royal
Entertainment
was
prepar'd
for
them
by
Night
.
The
Court
attended
them
thither
;
and
there
the
Roman
Luxury
was
seen
in
Royal
Miniature
.
As
soon
as
the
Gates
were
open'd
,
there
appear'd
an
Artificial
Day
;
so
light
was
the
Place
made
with
Flambeau's
and
Lamps
:
Which
being
well
plac'd
among
the
Trees
,
with
other
refin'd
Illuminations
,
adorn'd
with
Chaplets
of
Flowers
,
which
presented
the
Eye
with
a
pleasing
Medly
of
Colours
,
interspers'd
with
Oranges
,
Citrons
,
and
other
agreeable
Fruits
,
transported
the
Company
with
exquisite
Delight
.
All
together
pretty
well
resembl'd
a
Forest
in
a
Chamber
:
For
the
Walls
not
being
far
from
the
Place
where
the
King
sate
,
were
hung
with
Arras
,
with
a
Multitude
of
Lights
burning
near
the
Hangings
:
And
there
was
a
Spring
of
Water
in
the
Middle
of
the
Garden
,
raising
it self
after
a
wonderful
Manner
into
the
Form
of
a
High
Pyramid
;
and
falling
again
into
Three
Basons
of
Marble
successively
from
one
to
the
other
,
made
a
pleasant
Spectacle
to
the
Courtiers
.
Then
a
most
Magnificent
Collation
was
serv'd
up
with
Vocal
and
Instrumental
Musick
,
so
soft
and
fine
,
with
a
sudden
Dew
cooling
the
Air
,
which
had
a
Smell
like
Sweet-Bryars
,
as
render'd
the
Place
a
perfect
Paradise
.
After
which
followed
the
King's
Supper
,
far
surpassing
the
other
Banquet
in
all
Manner
of
Delicacy
and
Politeness
,
as
well
as
the
stupendious
Abundance
of
Dishes
.
When
Supper
was
ended
,
they
were
entertain'd
with
a
Show
of
something
Admirable
and
New
in
Fire-Works
.
But
,
tho'
it
be
so
to
them
,
I
will
not
trouble
thee
with
a
Description
of
it
,
since
thou
hast
seen
far
Finer
and
more
Costly
at
Constantinople
,
or
where-ever
the
Great
Sultan
kept
his
Residence
at
the
Time
of
a
Dunalma
.
After
this
,
the
King
went
to
see
the
New
Fortifications
of
Dunkirk
,
which
he
had
order'd
not
long
before
.
And
in
a
little
time
,
follow'd
this
Declaration
of
War
against
Holland
.
So
things
go
in
a
Circle
;
from
War
to
Peace
;
from
Peace
to
War
again
.
However
,
thou
wilt
the
better
know
by
what
I
have
said
,
how
to
comport
thy self
,
in
Case
of
any
Difference
between
the
English
,
French
,
and
Hollanders
at
the
Sublime
Port.
God
inspire
thee
with
Climacterical
Wisdom
,
to
adjust
all
Difficulties
in
their
Stated
Periods
.
Paris
,
26th
.
of
the
3d.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1672.
LETTER
V.
To
Cara
Hali
,
Physician
to
the
Grand
Signior
.
THou
hast
born
with
a
Thousand
Impertinencies
in
my
Letters
;
and
I
know
not
,
whether
what
I'm
now
going
to
write
,
will
deserve
a
better
Character
.
However
,
I
feel
a
Spirit
within
me
,
checking
my
Stupid
Mind
,
in
that
I
was
not
before
sensible
of
my
Error
,
but
must
make
so
late
a
Recantation
.
It
is
impossible
for
me
to
reflect
on
the
vain
and
trifling
Subjects
I
have
all
along
entertain'd
thee
with
,
and
not
to
blush
at
so
grand
an
Oversight
;
Since
I
then
seem'd
not
so
much
as
to
regard
thy
Knowledge
and
Practice
in
Medicines
,
which
has
exalted
thee
to
the
Honour
of
being
plac'd
in
the
Front
of
those
who
take
Care
of
the
Grand
Signior's
Health
.
Much
less
did
I
present
thee
with
Matters
suitable
to
thy
more
Interiour
Knowledge
,
and
that
hidden
Wisdom
,
which
deservedly
ranks
thee
among
the
most
Perfect
and
Accomplish'd
Mortals
.
In
Ancient
Times
,
Theology
and
Physick
were
counted
Sciences
of
such
a
near
Relation
and
mutual
Dependance
,
that
one
cou'd
not
subsist
without
the
other
.
By
Physick
they
meant
the
General
Science
of
Nature
,
otherwise
termed
Magick
:
Which
comprehended
under
it
the
Knowledge
of
the
Heavens
,
the
Elements
,
and
every
Being
within
their
vast
Circumference
;
The
Motions
of
Sun
,
Moon
,
and
Stars
,
their
various
Aspects
,
Influences
,
and
Dominions
in
this
Lower
World
;
The
Nature
of
the
Winds
and
Meteors
,
with
their
Effects
;
The
Virtues
of
all
Plants
,
and
Living
Creatures
;
as
also
of
Insensible
Things
,
the
Metals
,
Minerals
,
and
other
Substances
found
both
on
the
Surface
of
the
Earth
,
within
its
Concave
,
and
in
the
Sea
.
Such
as
these
of
Old
,
were
Apollonius
Tyanaeus
,
with
the
Magi
of
Persia
and
Chaldaea
.
Such
was
Hierarchas
among
the
Brachmans
;
Tespion
the
Gymnosophist
;
Budda
the
Babylonian
;
Numa
Pompilius
at
Rome
;
Zamolxides
of
Thrace
;
Abbaris
the
Hypberborean
;
Hermes
Trismegistus
of
Egypt
;
Zoroaster
the
Son
of
Oromases
,
King
of
Bactria
;
Evantes
,
an
Arabian
King
;
Zacharias
a
Babylonian
;
Joseph
a
Hebrew
:
With
many
others
of
different
Nations
;
as
,
Zenotenus
,
Kirannides
,
Almadal
,
Thetel
,
Alchind
,
Abel
,
Ptolomy
,
Geber
,
Zahel
,
Nazabarub
,
Tebiti
Aerith
,
Salomon
,
Astrophon
,
Hipparchus
,
Alomeon
,
&c.
And
of
later
Date
,
Albertus
,
Surnam'd
the
Great
,
Arnoldus
de
Villa
Nova
,
Cardan
,
Raymund
Lullius
:
With
a
few
more
,
not
worth
the
Naming
.
These
contemplated
the
Secret
Force
and
Virtue
of
Celestial
and
Sublunary
Things
;
the
hidden
Sympathy
between
them
,
and
the
Mysterious
Powers
of
Nature
.
Then
having
by
a
curious
and
painful
Scrutiny
trac'd
out
the
true
Genealogies
of
Things
;
cast
their
Nativities
;
and
discover'd
all
their
Kindred
,
Allies
,
Friends
and
Enemies
;
knew
by
applying
in
due
Seasons
,
Actives
to
proper
Passives
,
how
to
produce
Effects
appearing
stupendious
Prodigies
to
the
Vulgar
,
and
no
less
than
Miracles
:
Whereas
,
all
this
is
but
a
pure
Result
of
Nature
,
help'd
by
Humane
Art
.
So
Watches
,
Dyals
,
Clocks
,
and
Mirrours
,
appear'd
at
first
to
th'
Ignorant
World
,
the
Effects
of
Magick
:
Especially
the
Simple
Natives
of
America
,
shew'd
little
more
Wit
than
Apes
or
Cats
,
which
look
behind
the
Glass
,
to
find
the
Active
Figure
of
themselves
,
that
they
saw
in
it
.
And
now
I
'm
got
amongst
those
poor
Barbarians
,
I
can't
forget
a
Passage
of
a
Peruvian
Slave
,
who
being
sent
by
his
Spanish
Master
with
a
Basket
of
choice
Fruit
and
a
Letter
to
his
Friend
;
The
silly
Ignoramus
being
faint
,
by
Reason
of
the
excessive
Heat
;
his
Journey
being
also
tedious
,
from
the
Town
of
Lima
to
a
Village
near
the
Mountains
of
Potosi
,
eat
up
the
Fruit
by
the
way
,
to
allay
his
Hungry
Thirst
.
However
,
not
having
so
good
a
Stomach
to
the
Letter
,
he
deliver'd
it
safe
to
the
Person
to
whom
it
was
address'd
;
never
once
dreaming
,
that
an
Insensible
Piece
of
Paper
cou'd
tell
Tales
.
But
,
that
discovering
his
Crime
when
he
came
home
,
his
Master
order'd
him
the
Bastinado
,
to
make
him
sensible
of
it
.
Then
he
was
sent
again
on
the
same
Errand
,
with
Oranges
and
a
Letter
;
and
meeting
with
the
same
Temptation
,
he
knew
not
what
to
do
.
At
last
,
he
hid
the
Letter
under
a
Heap
of
Sand
;
wisely
concluding
,
That
if
it
saw
him
not
,
it
cou'd
ne'er
betray
his
Fact
.
However
,
to
secure
it
from
all
Means
of
peeping
,
he
spread
his
Mantle
o'er
the
Place
,
and
then
fell
roundly
to
his
Banquet
;
thinking
he
shou'd
now
have
no
Accuser
.
In
fine
,
he
eat
up
all
the
Oranges
,
and
was
worse
bang'd
for
his
Pains
than
the
time
before
.
Generous
Hali
,
thou
seest
I
'm
fall'n
into
the
same
Error
for
which
I
made
Apology
at
the
Beginning
of
this
Letter
:
But
,
thou
canst
easily
forgive
such
Crimes
as
these
.
Suffer
me
only
to
relapse
thus
far
,
That
I
may
mention
the
Mathematical
Magicians
;
such
as
Archytas
,
who
made
a
Wooden
Pigeon
to
fly
;
and
Albert
the
Great
,
who
taught
a
Brazen
Head
to
speak
:
not
forgetting
him
unknown
by
Name
,
who
gave
to
the
Statues
of
Mercury
,
Voluble
Tongues
,
and
Elegant
Language
;
by
whose
Mechanick
Art
,
a
Brazen
Serpent
learnt
to
hiss
;
and
Birds
of
the
same
Metal
,
with
other
Helps
,
outvy'd
the
Nightingales
and
Thrushes
in
their
Melody
.
I
will
not
omit
the
Execrable
Practices
of
Necromancers
,
or
such
as
Invocate
the
Dead
,
and
with
nefandous
Ceremonies
,
Rites
and
Sacrifice
,
call
to
their
Aid
Infernal
Spirits
;
bind
them
in
Crystals
,
or
some
other
Vehicle
;
and
then
Adore
them
,
as
the
Ancient
Romans
did
their
Lares
and
Penates
.
These
are
their
Oracles
which
they
consult
in
all
Emergencies
;
and
by
their
Help
,
work
Wonders
in
the
World
,
foretell
Things
Future
,
and
reveal
the
most
remote
and
hidden
Secrets
,
whether
Past
or
Present
.
Nor
is
this
a
Fable
or
an
Old
Wives
Tale
;
for
,
unless
the
experienc'd
Nations
of
the
Earth
had
found
some
real
Evils
,
from
Wizards
,
Magicians
and
Witches
;
they
wou'd
not
have
made
so
severe
Laws
against
them
,
as
to
aim
at
their
Extermination
from
the
Earth
.
Neither
need
we
admire
;
that
Women
are
as
much
addicted
to
these
cursed
Vanities
as
Men
;
since
they
are
naturally
more
inquisitive
into
Secrets
,
and
less
cautious
of
being
impos'd
upon
:
They
're
prone
to
Superstition
;
and
,
from
their
Infancy
,
bred
up
to
observe
their
Dreams
,
their
Moles
,
and
other
Marks
upon
their
Bodies
.
They
covet
all
the
Depth
of
Palmestry
and
Physiognomy
;
besides
a
thousand
other
little
Follies
.
If
they
meet
a
Man
i'
th'
street
at
first
going
out
,
they
are
encourag'd
,
and
take
it
for
a
Sign
of
their
good
Fortune
:
but
,
if
one
of
their
own
Sex
encounters
them
;
they
curse
the
undesigning
Female
,
and
return
home
again
.
They
observe
Fatal
Days
,
and
Nights
,
and
certain
Critical
Hours
,
wherein
they
try
Experiments
to
know
their
Future
Husbands
.
They
brew
Enchanting
Philters
for
their
Lovers
,
and
Intoxicate
them
with
Liquors
,
wherein
young
Human
Cupids
have
been
boil'd
,
with
Herbs
as
powerfull
to
effect
their
Wish
,
as
those
that
Circe
or
Medea
knew
.
In
short
,
there
is
no
Species
of
Sortilegy
,
or
Divination
,
which
vain
young
Maidens
are
not
practis'd
in
.
Which
is
a
fair
Disposition
,
or
Introduction
,
to
the
Blackest
kind
of
Magick
.
But
blessed
are
they
,
O
Pious
and
most
learned
Hali
,
who
being
profoundly
skill'd
,
and
daily
conversant
in
the
Science
of
Nature
,
have
never
yet
tainted
themselves
by
any
unlawfull
Commerce
with
Spirits
Unclean
,
Infernal
,
and
Enemies
to
God
.
They
are
Divine
Magicians
,
having
Celestial
Characters
,
the
Hidden
Name
of
God
imprinted
on
their
Souls
;
whereby
they
are
able
to
attract
the
Angels
,
and
make
the
Highest
Spirits
obey
them
.
Hali
,
God
grant
that
thou
may'st
be
one
of
this
Venerable
and
Happy
Number
.
Farewell
.
Paris
,
the
5th
.
of
the
4th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1672.
LETTER
VI.
To
Orchan
Cabet
,
Student
of
the
Sciences
,
and
Pensioner
to
the
Grand
Signior
.
IT
has
been
a
long
time
since
the
Christians
have
openly
publish'd
Libels
against
our
Holy
Lawgiver
,
and
the
Book
which
he
received
from
the
Hands
of
Gabriel
,
one
of
the
Chief
Princes
of
Heaven
:
They
affirm
for
an
undoubted
Truth
,
That
Mahomet
himself
compos'd
that
Volume
of
Light
,
by
the
Help
of
Nestorius
a
Christian
Monk
,
and
Abdalla
a
Jew
:
And
that
it
is
but
an
Artificial
Medley
,
a
Hotch-potch
,
or
Gallimaufry
of
Pagan
,
Jewish
and
Christian
Principles
;
cunningly
suited
and
blended
together
,
in
order
to
gain
Proselytes
of
all
Religions
.
I
protest
by
the
Veneration
I
owe
to
the
Eternal
God
of
Heaven
,
That
I
really
believe
the
Alcoran
to
be
of
Divine
Original
.
Such
is
the
inimitable
Elegance
of
the
Style
,
the
Brightness
and
Force
of
its
Reasons
and
Arguments
the
wonderfull
and
charming
Contexture
of
Things
Historical
,
Moral
and
Divine
;
That
all
the
Writings
in
the
World
beside
,
seem
to
me
flat
and
insipid
,
compar'd
with
this
Sacred
and
Stupendous
Pandect
of
Wisedom
.
Yet
,
I
must
confess
,
I
know
not
how
to
answer
the
Accusation
of
the
Nazarenes
,
because
I
have
never
read
any
Mussulman
Treatise
,
that
undertook
to
refute
these
Calumnies
:
Which
makes
me
apt
to
think
,
there
is
none
such
extant
.
For
,
I
have
made
diligent
Enquiry
,
discours'd
with
several
Learned
Doctors
of
our
Law
;
but
can
gain
no
Satisfaction
in
that
Point
.
Perhaps
,
our
Fathers
in
former
Ages
,
were
ignorant
how
the
Messenger
of
God
had
been
traduc'd
by
the
Christians
:
or
if
they
knew
it
,
yet
they
disdain'd
to
answer
such
Malicious
Lyes
.
And
as
for
these
Modern
Times
,
the
Zeal
of
Religion
is
grown
too
Cold
among
the
True
Believers
.
Every
one
is
carried
away
with
Self-Love
,
whilst
no
Man
will
be
at
the
Pains
to
defend
the
Truth
,
or
manifest
the
Errors
of
our
Enemies
.
Besides
,
it
is
now
impossible
to
disprove
what
they
say
concerning
Nestorius
and
Abdalla
;
unless
we
cou'd
produce
Authors
of
unquestionable
Authority
,
who
liv'd
in
Mahomet's
Time
,
and
so
could
give
a
more
exact
Account
of
his
Life
,
than
those
that
came
after
them
.
However
,
if
we
consult
common
Reason
,
we
shall
find
it
very
improbable
,
That
Three
Men
of
such
Contrary
Principles
,
as
a
Jew
,
a
Christian
and
a
Pagan
,
should
all
voluntarily
agree
and
jump
in
one
Design
of
brewing
their
several
Religions
together
,
and
drawing
such
an
Extract
from
them
as
could
suit
with
neither
of
their
Parties
singly
,
and
was
like
to
have
all
of
them
together
for
its
Enemies
and
Persecutors
:
There
was
no
Ground
for
them
to
expect
the
Conversion
of
any
Jews
,
so
long
as
the
Alcoran
asserts
Jesus
the
Son
of
Mary
to
be
the
True
Messias
,
the
Word
and
Breath
of
God
,
Worker
of
Miracles
,
Healer
of
Diseases
,
Preacher
of
Heavenly
Doctrine
;
and
Examplary
Pattern
of
a
perfect
Life
;
denying
that
he
was
Crucify'd
,
but
affirming
that
he
Ascended
into
Paradise
.
Whereas
the
Jews
call
him
an
Execrable
Impostor
,
Magician
,
Seducer
of
the
Nations
;
and
finally
,
by
way
of
extreme
Derision
,
they
term
him
the
Man
that
was
hang'd
on
a
Tree
.
Neither
was
the
Alcoran
like
to
find
any
better
Entertainment
among
the
Christians
,
for
this
last
Reason
;
In
that
it
denies
the
Crucifixion
of
the
Messias
,
which
is
the
Basis
whereon
all
the
Superstructure
of
their
Religion
is
built
;
't
is
the
Angular
Stone
of
Christianity
.
Besides
,
they
cou'd
never
be
reconcil'd
to
Polygamy
,
Circumcision
,
abolishing
of
Images
and
Pictures
,
nor
to
a
great
many
other
Things
which
the
Mussulman
Law
enjoyns
.
Especially
,
they
could
never
brook
the
Denial
of
the
Trinity
.
And
for
the
same
Reason
,
this
suppos'd
patch'd
Form
of
Religion
would
have
been
as
little
welcom
to
the
Gentiles
,
in
that
it
took
from
them
the
Multitude
of
their
Gods
,
and
asserted
the
Vnity
of
the
Divine
Essence
.
So
that
all
Circumstances
being
weigh'd
,
it
appears
that
the
Alcoran
,
since
it
has
had
such
Success
in
the
World
,
could
not
be
forg'd
by
those
Three
,
nor
compos'd
by
any
Humane
Pen
;
but
is
of
Divine
Original
.
Besides
,
had
there
been
such
a
Triumvirate
known
in
the
Case
,
the
Coraei's
of
Mecca
,
and
other
Mortal
Enemies
of
Mahomet
and
his
Doctrine
,
would
not
have
spar'd
to
upbraid
him
with
it
:
And
if
they
were
not
known
to
the
Arabians
who
were
conversant
with
him
,
how
come
the
Christians
to
be
inform'd
of
this
private
Cabal
,
who
were
altogether
Strangers
to
Mahomet
at
that
Time
?
Consider
well
these
Things
,
and
thou
wilt
have
no
Reason
to
give
Credit
to
the
Calumnies
and
lying
Aspersions
cast
on
the
Apostle
of
God
,
by
Vnbelievers
;
but
being
more
and
more
confirm'd
in
the
Vndefiled
Faith
,
wilt
glorifie
God
,
who
has
guided
thee
into
the
Right
Way
,
and
not
into
the
Way
of
Infidels
,
and
of
those
with
whom
he
is
displeas'd
.
Orchan
,
as
thou
art
endu'd
with
great
Learning
,
I
counsel
thee
to
employ
it
in
defending
the
Cause
of
the
Prophet
,
who
cou'd
neither
Write
nor
Read
.
Paris
,
15th
.
of
the
6th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1672.
LETTER
VII
.
To
Hamet
,
Reis
Effendi
,
Principal
Secretary
of
the
Ottoman
Empire
.
HEre
has
been
hot
Work
this
Summer
in
the
West
.
The
King
of
France
has
made
such
swift
and
large
Conquests
on
the
Hollanders
,
that
they
have
hardly
had
Time
to
consider
their
Losses
,
and
the
Number
of
their
Towns
fallen
into
their
Enemies
Hands
.
It
always
falls
out
so
,
when
this
Monarch
.
goes
in
Person
to
the
Campaign
as
he
did
this
Year
.
In
a
very
little
Time
he
took
Burich
,
Orsoy
,
Rimberg
,
Vezel
,
Rees
,
Emmerick
,
and
many
other
Places
.
Yet
this
Success
was
allay'd
with
the
Death
of
the
Duke
of
Longueville
,
who
fell
a
Victim
,
either
to
his
Dullness
or
Temerity
,
in
not
hearing
or
not
receiving
the
Cries
of
the
Enemy
,
who
demanded
Quarter
as
the
French
were
passing
the
Rhine
.
He
was
shot
with
a
Musket-Bullet
:
and
the
Duke
of
Enguien
,
his
Cousin
,
verry
narrowly
escap'd
;
for
they
were
both
jointly
engag'd
in
the
same
Action
.
The
Death
of
this
Prince
is
much
lamented
,
not
only
by
those
of
his
Family
,
but
by
the
whole
Court
and
City
,
as
being
the
Flower
of
his
Time
;
having
signaliz'd
his
Valour
at
the
Siege
of
Candie
,
the
Conquest
of
the
Franche-Comptè
,
and
other
Warlike
Expeditions
.
And
they
discourse
,
as
if
he
had
been
design'd
to
stand
Candidate
for
the
Polish
Crown
.
I
am
the
more
particular
in
this
Relation
,
because
the
Enterprize
of
the
French
King
in
passing
the
Rhine
,
is
look'd
upon
as
one
of
the
most
hardy
and
bold
,
that
ever
was
taken
in
Hand
.
In
all
the
Histories
of
these
Parts
,
there
is
not
one
Example
of
so
surprizing
an
Expedition
.
And
the
Success
answer'd
their
Expectations
:
For
the
Hollanders
were
extremely
daunted
and
disheartned
by
the
News
of
these
Exploits
.
In
a
little
Time
Arnheim
and
Nimeghen
,
were
reduc'd
to
the
King's
Obedience
;
with
the
Fort
of
Skin
,
and
Towns
of
D'Oesburg
,
Bomel
,
Zutphen
;
Deventer
,
the
Metropolis
of
a
Province
;
with
Weifet
,
Tongres
,
Maseick
,
Dortemein
,
Elbourgh
,
Woerden
,
Arnham
,
another
Capital
City
,
with
many
more
Places
,
too
tedious
to
be
rehears'd
.
In
a
Word
,
such
are
his
Expeditions
,
Marches
,
his
Sage
Counsels
,
his
Never-failing
Success
,
That
the
People
think
it
no
Flattery
to
call
him
a
Second
Alexander
the
Great
,
Timurleng
,
Scanderbeg
,
Scipio
,
Hannibal
,
and
all
the
Great
Heroick
Names
in
the
World
.
To
speak
the
Truth
,
the
Kings
of
France
have
all
along
made
an
Illustrious
Figure
in
the
World
.
And
their
Famous
Exploits
in
War
,
with
their
Heroick
Actions
in
Time
of
Peace
,
afford
sufficient
Matter
for
the
highest
Panegyricks
,
without
an
occasion
of
Hyperbole's
.
Which
made
one
of
the
Roman
Mufti's
,
in
a
Letter
to
the
King
of
France
,
thus
express
himself
:
"
By
how
much
the
Royal
Dignity
transcends
the
State
of
other
Men
,
so
far
is
the
Monarchy
of
France
exalted
above
all
the
Kingdoms
in
the
World
.
"
Pope
Vrban
IV.
said
,
That
the
King
of
France
was
as
the
Morning
Star
in
the
Firmament
of
Princes
;
brighter
than
all
other
Kings
,
a
perfect
God
on
Earth
.
'T
is
asserted
by
another
Author
,
That
by
the
King
of
France's
Shadow
,
the
whole
World
is
rul'd
.
And
such
was
the
Esteem
which
Pope
Clement
had
for
this
Monarchy
,
that
he
granted
a
Hundred
Days
Indulgence
to
every
one
that
pray'd
for
the
King
of
France
;
to
which
Pope
Innocent
IV.
added
Ten
Days
more
.
'T
is
a
Maxim
in
the
Salick
Law
,
That
the
King
of
France
never
dies
.
But
this
indeed
is
altogether
as
True
in
Spain
,
Great-Britain
,
and
other
Hereditary
Kingdoms
,
till
the
Succession
fails
.
For
then
it
degenerates
to
an
Elective
Monarchy
,
or
otherwise
into
Aristocracy
;
or
last
of
all
into
Democracy
,
or
a
Republick
.
But
France
is
yet
free
from
these
painted
Forms
of
Slavery
.
Her
Kings
are
Masculine
and
Vigorous
;
her
Queens
Chast
and
Fruitfull
.
There
never
wants
an
Heir
apparent
to
the
Crown
.
And
this
secures
the
Nation
from
a
Thousand
Calamities
,
which
atten
Elective
Monarchies
,
and
more
Popular
Forms
of
Government
.
What
Injustices
,
Cruelties
,
Massacres
,
and
all
manner
of
Publick
Grievances
were
complain'd
of
in
Rome
,
after
Claudius
Caesar
had
bought
the
Empire
of
his
Souldiers
?
What
Bickerings
between
the
Senate
,
the
People
,
and
the
Armies
?
Each
Party
would
have
an
Emperor
of
their
own
chusing
,
one
Province
was
Emulous
of
another
:
So
that
sometimes
there
have
been
Twenty
or
Thirty
Emperors
together
,
all
claiming
the
Sovereignty
.
And
when
there
were
but
Two
,
such
was
the
Obstinate
and
Strong
Dispute
between
them
,
That
they
have
been
forc'd
to
share
the
Empire
equally
,
as
the
only
Means
to
prevent
its
utter
Dissolution
,
Hence
sprung
the
First
Institution
of
Colleagues
in
the
Empire
.
And
this
was
the
Root
of
those
Factions
and
Divisions
,
which
encreasing
and
growing
up
with
Time
,
branch'd
forth
into
smaller
Schisms
;
till
at
length
,
by
the
Ambition
of
some
,
the
Misfortune
or
Carelessness
of
others
,
or
at
least
their
want
of
Power
and
Courage
;
that
Mighty
Empire
was
Cantoniz'd
,
rent
in
Pieces
,
and
dwindl'd
into
that
narrow
Dominion
which
it
now
possesses
under
the
Tutelage
of
the
House
of
Austria
.
And
there
appear
no
hopes
of
its
ever
being
restor'd
again
to
its
pristine
Grandeur
,
unless
the
Bourbons
,
with
their
growing
Fortune
,
shall
Crown
the
Eagle
with
a
Chaplet
of
Flower-de-Lys's
,
and
change
the
Seat
of
the
Western
Monarchy
,
from
Improsperous
Vienna
,
to
All-conquering
Paris
.
In
a
Word
,
Henry
IV.
began
the
Design
;
Lewis
XIII
.
carried
it
on
;
and
this
present
King
has
so
far
improv'd
it
,
by
his
Matchless
Fortune
and
Courage
,
that
in
all
Probability
,
this
or
the
next
Age
will
see
it
brought
to
Perfection
.
Accomplish'd
Minister
,
I
bow
my self
with
Abundance
of
Interior
Veneration
,
to
the
Dust
of
thy
Feet
:
I
affectionately
kiss
the
Border
of
thy
Robe
,
and
bid
thee
a
devout
Adieu
.
Paris
,
14th
.
of
the
8th
,
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1672.
LETTER
VIII
.
To
William
Vospel
,
a
Recluse
of
Austria
.
THy
Letters
make
me
very
restless
and
inquisitive
;
They
awaken
New
Doubts
and
Scruples
in
my
Breast
,
instead
of
removing
or
satisfying
the
Old
Ones
.
Fresh
Queries
start
in
my
Mind
;
and
the
more
thou
labourest
to
fasten
me
in
thy
narrow
Superstition
,
and
bigotted
Zeal
for
the
Infallibility
of
the
Pope
and
the
Roman
Church
,
the
looser
I
grow
.
My
Soul
is
like
a
Wild
Colt
of
the
Wilderness
,
that
tosses
up
his
Head
,
snuffs
the
Air
in
Indignation
,
and
scorning
the
Bridle
of
Servitude
,
neighs
for
Joy
at
his
Native
Liberty
,
scampering
at
large
through
the
solitary
Waste
;
nor
can
he
be
wheedl'd
by
Humane
Craft
,
to
lose
his
beloved
Freedom
,
or
change
it
for
a
Tame
Captivity
.
I
have
revolv'd
in
my
Mind
the
Ages
that
are
Past
,
and
the
Years
of
Untraceable
Origin
.
I
have
examin'd
the
Times
and
Seasons
of
the
World
,
recorded
in
History
;
from
Adam
to
Moses
,
from
Moses
to
Jesus
,
and
from
Jesus
to
these
present
Days
wherein
we
live
.
After
all
,
I
find
that
the
Memoirs
of
Former
Transactions
are
cover'd
with
great
Darkness
;
yet
there
are
not
wanting
some
Glimmerings
of
Light
,
to
direct
a
diligent
Mind
,
an
Impartial
Lover
of
Truth
.
Jesus
the
Son
of
Mary
,
was
of
the
Stock
of
Abraham
,
Isaac
,
and
Jacob.
He
was
educated
in
the
Law
of
Moses
,
which
he
observ'd
in
all
Things
to
a
Tittle
:
And
in
his
Life
time
he
said
,
Think
not
that
I
come
to
destroy
the
Law
,
but
to
perfect
it
.
His
Apostles
observ'd
the
same
Rule
,
and
in
all
Things
were
strict
Observers
of
the
Stated
Precepts
.
So
were
the
Primitive
Christians
,
even
to
the
keeping
of
the
Jewish
Sabbath
;
besides
the
First
Day
of
the
Week
,
appointed
for
the
Publick
Celebration
of
their
own
Mysteries
.
They
abstain'd
from
Blood
,
and
from
Things
strangl'd
,
and
from
all
Vnclean
Meats
,
and
such
as
were
Sacrific'd
to
Idols
.
They
had
no
Images
or
Pictures
in
their
Churches
,
Chapels
,
or
Oratories
.
In
fine
,
they
observ'd
all
the
Necessary
Purifications
,
and
Ador'd
One
God
with
Unity
of
Heart
,
a
Lively
Faith
,
and
Good
Works
.
Whereas
thou
seest
,
the
present
Roman
Church
follows
quite
contrary
Maxims
.
They
give
the
Lye
to
our
Lord
's
own
Declaration
;
and
positively
say
,
That
he
came
on
purpose
to
Abolish
the
Law
,
and
introduce
an
Vniversal
Liberty
;
That
we
may
now
as
freely
banquet
on
the
Blood
of
slain
Beasts
,
as
on
the
Milk
of
the
Living
;
and
Eat
of
Swines
Flesh
,
and
other
Abominable
Food
,
with
as
little
Detriment
to
our
Souls
,
as
on
the
Flesh
of
Lambs
,
or
other
clean
Creatures
allow'd
by
the
Law
of
God
.
How
can
this
hang
together
,
or
be
credited
by
any
Rational
Man
?
'T
is
no
wonder
there
are
so
many
Libertines
and
Atheists
in
the
World
,
when
they
find
Christianity
to
be
a
mere
Heap
of
palpable
Contradictions
.
To
this
thou
wilt
answer
,
according
to
the
common
Rule
of
Divines
,
That
during
the
Primitive
Times
,
the
Apostles
and
all
other
Christians
observ'd
the
Law
of
Moses
,
for
fear
of
giving
Scandal
to
the
Jews
,
of
whom
great
Numbers
were
converted
to
the
Christian
Faith
,
when
they
saw
that
the
Followers
of
Jesus
did
not
deviate
from
the
Institutions
of
the
Seniors
,
the
Statutes
of
the
House
of
Jacob
:
But
that
afterwards
,
when
the
Gospel
was
preach'd
far
and
wide
on
the
Face
of
the
Earth
,
and
that
many
of
the
Gentile
Nations
were
brought
over
to
the
Church
;
it
was
no
longer
necessary
,
for
the
sake
of
so
Contemptible
a
People
as
the
Jews
,
to
scandalize
all
the
Rest
of
the
World
,
and
impose
on
them
a
Yoke
which
they
were
not
accustom'd
to
bear
,
and
which
wou'd
tempt
them
to
shake
off
Christianity
it self
,
rather
than
submit
to
so
Intolerable
a
Burden
:
Therefore
the
Church
,
to
facilitate
as
much
as
in
her
lay
,
the
Conversion
of
the
Roman
Empire
,
which
then
extended
it self
over
the
Greatest
Part
of
the
Earth
;
accommodated
her
Injunctions
,
Precepts
,
Manners
,
and
Ceremonies
of
Religion
,
to
the
present
Humour
and
Mode
of
those
Times
.
And
whereas
the
Gentiles
eat
of
all
Meats
Indifferently
;
so
they
were
taught
,
that
this
was
agreeable
to
the
Will
of
our
Lord
Jesus
,
who
came
to
rescue
Men
from
the
Slavery
and
Bondage
of
Mosaick
Superstitions
.
By
the
very
same
Rule
,
they
introduc'd
the
Use
of
Images
and
Pictures
in
their
Churches
:
And
the
Vestments
of
the
Priests
,
the
Ornaments
of
the
Altar
,
the
Tapers
,
Lamps
,
Incense
,
Flower-Pots
,
and
other
Religious
Gayeties
;
were
fashion'd
according
to
the
Patterns
they
receiv'd
from
the
Priests
of
Jupiter
,
Apollo
,
Venus
,
Diana
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Heathen
Deities
.
Hence
the
Festivals
of
the
Gods
and
Goddesses
,
were
turn'd
to
Holy-days
of
Saints
;
and
Temples
before
consecrated
to
the
Sun
,
Moon
and
Stars
,
were
afresh
Dedicated
to
the
Apostles
and
Martyrs
.
Thus
the
very
Pantheon
it self
in
Rome
,
or
Temple
of
All
the
Gods
,
in
Process
of
Time
,
by
an
Ecclesiastick
Dexterity
,
was
Converted
to
the
Church
of
All-Saints
.
In
a
word
,
Christianity
in
all
Things
seem'd
no
other
than
Gentilism
in
Disguise
.
And
it
must
be
thought
a
Pious
Fraud
,
thus
to
wheedle
so
many
Millions
of
Sinners
into
the
Bosom
of
the
Church
,
whether
they
wou'd
or
no.
Oh!
Father
William
,
dost
thou
not
blush
at
these
Trivial
Excuses
,
for
the
manifest
Violation
of
the
Laws
of
God
?
Can
Man
be
wiser
than
the
Omnipotent
?
Or
will
he
presume
to
correct
the
Ways
of
Him
that
is
Perfect
in
Knowledge
?
Is
the
True
Religion
to
be
propagated
by
imitating
the
Idolatrous
Rites
of
Infidels
?
Or
by
prostituting
the
Sacred
Injunctions
of
Heaven
,
to
the
Caprices
of
Humane
Policy
?
Did
ever
any
wise
Law-giver
condescend
to
alter
and
new-model
his
Laws
,
to
humour
a
peevish
captious
Subject
?
Wou'd
he
add
or
diminish
any
Thing
for
the
Sake
of
gaining
a
Faction
or
Party
?
And
can
we
think
,
that
God
ever
design'd
,
or
can
be
pleas'd
to
have
his
Divine
Laws
garbl'd
and
mix'd
with
profane
Indulgences
,
Dispensations
and
Amendments
of
Mortals
?
As
if
he
had
been
Ignorant
what
he
did
,
when
he
divulg'd
his
Statutes
,
and
wanted
the
Counsel
of
his
Creatures
to
help
him
out
at
a
dead
Lift.
Was
that
Tenderness
to
be
only
shew'd
to
the
Jews
for
a
Time
?
And
were
they
for
ever
afterwards
to
be
scandaliz'd
?
In
vain
do's
the
Church
daily
pray
for
the
Conversion
of
that
People
,
whilst
by
her
Doctrines
and
daily
Practices
,
she
hardens
them
more
in
their
Infidelity
.
The
Ethiopian
Church
is
a
standing
Witness
against
her
to
this
Day
,
where
the
Christians
from
all
Antiquity
,
even
from
the
Times
of
the
Apostles
,
have
kept
that
Part
of
the
Law
of
Moses
,
which
relates
to
Cleanness
and
Vncleanness
,
and
prescribes
the
Choice
we
are
to
make
of
Meats
allow'd
to
be
Eaten
,
forbidding
those
that
are
Execrable
,
and
an
Abomination
.
Hence
it
is
,
that
there
are
more
Jews
Converted
to
the
Christian
Belief
in
that
Country
,
than
in
any
other
Part
of
the
World
beside
.
It
was
,
in
my
Opinion
,
to
begin
at
the
wrong
End
,
thus
to
neglect
the
Salvation
of
the
Jews
,
our
Elder
Brethren
,
from
whom
we
receiv'd
the
Oracles
of
God
,
and
run
to
proselyte
the
Gentiles
by
such
preposterous
Methods
,
as
render'd
us
in
a
manner
as
much
Their
Converts
,
as
them
Ours
:
since
we
shuffl'd
our
Religions
together
at
Random
,
and
made
a
Lottery
of
Divine
and
Humane
Institutions
;
exchanging
one
Species
of
Superstition
and
Idolatry
for
another
;
bartering
Jupiter
for
Peter
;
and
Mars
for
Paul
;
Venus
and
her
Cupid
,
for
the
Virgin
Mary
,
and
her
Child
Jesus
:
A
God
for
an
Apostle
;
and
a
Demy-God
for
a
Martyr
:
Whilst
the
Law
it self
,
which
is
the
Foundation
and
Main
Prop
of
True
Religion
,
lies
neglected
and
trampled
under
Foot
.
The
Christians
of
the
East
,
seem
more
Excusable
than
we
:
For
,
tho'
they
are
not
so
punctual
in
observing
all
the
Niceties
of
Cleanness
and
Vncleanness
,
Meats
and
Drinks
,
&c.
as
those
of
Ethiopia
:
yet
they
will
not
taste
of
Blood
,
or
any
Thing
Strangl'd
.
And
their
Ecclesiasticks
abstain
from
all
Manner
of
Flesh
,
during
the
whole
Course
of
their
Lives
.
They
observe
also
many
Purifications
,
and
wholesome
Rules
of
Life
.
Whereas
we
of
the
Latin
Church
,
wallow
in
all
Manner
of
Filthiness
like
Swine
,
and
bless
our selves
,
as
if
we
were
the
Only
True
Catholicks
,
the
Elect
of
God
,
in
the
High
Road
to
Heaven
.
I
am
at
a
Loss
,
what
to
think
of
these
Things
.
Neither
ca
I
ever
hope
to
see
the
Jews
converted
,
till
these
Offences
are
remov'd
.
There
is
a
Rumour
spread
up
and
down
,
of
the
Wandring
Jew
.
I
suppose
thou
hast
heard
of
such
a
Man
.
He
is
now
at
Astracan
,
and
Preaches
every
where
that
there
will
be
a
Reformation
of
Christianity
,
after
the
Year
1700.
That
the
Jews
shall
be
Converted
,
and
all
this
to
be
perform'd
by
the
Admiral
Gifts
of
an
English
Man
,
who
shall
restore
Truth
to
its
Primitive
Lustre
and
Integrity
.
They
say
,
He
will
cause
the
Images
and
Pictures
to
be
utterly
destroy'd
,
and
the
Law
of
Moses
to
be
kept
,
so
far
as
relates
to
Cleanness
and
Vncleanness
,
&c.
That
in
his
Days
,
the
Temple
of
Solomon
,
shall
be
rebuilt
,
and
the
World
shall
put
on
a
new
Face
.
Father
William
,
I
wou'd
not
have
thee
despise
these
Things
,
since
they
have
been
long
foretold
by
Joachim
the
Abbot
,
by
St.
Methodius
,
by
Nostredamus
the
French
Prophet
,
and
by
many
other
Eminent
Persons
,
whose
Writings
are
extant
,
and
many
of
their
Predictions
are
already
come
to
pass
.
The
Roman
Church
manifestly
stands
in
Need
of
a
Reformation
:
And
since
the
Governours
of
it
cannot
be
prevail'd
on
to
set
their
Hands
to
so
Pious
a
Work
,
we
know
not
but
God
may
effect
it
by
the
means
of
a
Stranger
,
some
Obscure
Person
at
present
,
but
whose
Light
may
shine
hereafter
through
all
Generations
.
Father
William
,
thou
wilt
pardon
the
Liberty
I
take
in
discoursing
about
these
Things
,
and
remember
,
that
't
is
a
Work
of
Charity
to
bear
with
the
Impertinencies
of
others
.
However
,
I
thank
God
I
'm
out
of
the
Purlieu
of
the
Spanish
Inquisition
.
Paris
,
1st
.
of
the
10th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
,
1672.
LETTER
IX
.
To
Codarafrad
Cheik
,
a
Man
of
the
Law
.
I
Have
a
Kinsman
by
Blood
,
residing
at
Astracan
,
in
the
Parts
of
Moscovy
.
His
Name
is
Isouf
,
a
Man
of
an
ardent
Spirit
,
and
active
Wit
;
a
great
Traveller
,
and
one
who
makes
good
that
Character
by
the
solid
Remarks
he
has
made
on
the
most
Important
Things
in
his
Way
through
Asia
,
Africk
,
and
Europe
.
For
he
is
not
in
the
Number
of
those
who
come
home
from
Foreign
Countries
,
only
laden
with
Vanities
and
Trifles
.
From
him
I
receive
frequent
Dispatches
,
since
his
being
setled
at
Astracan
,
in
Quality
of
a
Merchant
;
where
he
improves
his
Estate
to
great
Advantage
,
enjoys
the
Innocent
Pleasures
of
Human
Life
,
without
suffering
himself
to
be
tainted
with
the
Vices
which
are
unprofitable
,
troublesome
,
and
bring
Scandal
to
a
Man's
Reputation
.
For
some
Vices
,
thou
know'st
,
pass
into
the
Predicament
of
Vertues
,
when
Interest
or
Necessity
give
an
Indulgence
.
There
is
a
mutual
Intercourse
between
my
Cousin
and
me
:
And
among
other
Letters
which
he
sends
me
,
I
receiv'd
one
lately
;
wherein
he
informs
me
,
that
he
whom
they
call
the
Wandring
Jew
,
of
whom
I
made
mention
formerly
in
one
of
my
Dispatches
to
the
Sublime
Port
,
is
now
at
Astracan
;
That
he
preaches
openly
in
the
Markets
,
and
at
the
Bourse
or
Exchange
;
not
refusing
private
Conversation
with
any
that
desire
it
.
There
is
a
great
Conflux
of
People
from
all
Nations
,
and
of
all
Religions
to
that
City
.
He
carries
himself
with
an
equal
Indifference
to
every
various
Sect
,
and
they
all
seem
mightily
taken
with
his
Doctrines
.
The
Chief
Thing
he
aims
at
in
all
his
Discourses
,
is
,
That
there
will
e'er
long
be
an
Universal
Change
of
Religion
over
all
the
Earth
;
and
that
every
Nation
on
the
Globe
shall
worship
One
God
,
obey
the
Law
of
Jesus
the
Son
of
Mary
,
and
embrace
One
Faith
.
When
he
insists
on
this
,
he
seems
to
be
void
of
all
Doubts
and
Hesitations
;
speaks
Magisterially
,
like
a
Prophet
,
who
has
receiv'd
a
sure
and
certain
Revelation
of
the
Thing
he
foretells
.
But
when
any
Dispute
with
him
,
not
in
a
Spirit
of
Captiousness
,
but
to
sift
the
Truth
;
he
freely
condescends
to
answer
all
their
Objections
with
solid
Reasons
,
and
to
convince
them
by
their
own
Principles
,
that
it
must
be
so
.
He
says
,
That
about
the
Year
1700
of
the
Christians
Hegira
,
the
Invincible
Osmans
shall
break
down
the
Fences
of
Europe
,
and
shall
overflow
all
Christendom
like
a
mighty
Torrent
,
that
has
over-top'd
its
Banks
.
In
those
Days
there
shall
be
great
Desolation
in
Hungary
,
Poland
,
Germany
,
France
,
and
other
Regions
of
the
West
.
Only
Denmark
,
Sweden
,
Muscovy
,
and
other
Countries
of
the
North
shall
remain
untouch'd
.
But
above
all
other
Nations
,
he
says
,
Italy
will
be
made
a
perfect
Wilderness
,
her
Cities
laid
in
Ashes
,
her
Immense
Wealth
plunder'd
and
carried
away
by
the
greedy
Tartars
,
Arabians
and
Turks
;
who
will
spare
neither
Age
nor
Sex
,
putting
all
to
the
Sword
,
especially
the
Ecclesiasticks
,
none
of
which
shall
escape
the
Publick
Vengeance
,
save
Three
Cardinals
,
sincere
and
Holy
Persons
,
who
shall
fly
into
England
for
Sanctuary
by
the
way
of
the
Sea
.
That
Island
,
he
says
,
shall
become
the
Refuge
of
all
such
who
can
escape
the
Calamities
involving
the
adjacent
Countries
.
Thither
they
shall
flock
with
their
Wives
and
Children
and
all
their
Wealth
,
when
they
shall
hear
of
the
approaching
Terrors
;
the
present
Devastation
of
Italy
,
and
the
Universal
Conquests
of
the
Osmans
.
The
King
of
the
Country
shall
receive
those
distress'd
Fugitives
with
open
Arms
,
and
shall
assign
them
certain
Portions
of
Land
,
where
they
may
build
Houses
and
Habitations
for
themselves
and
their
Families
;
there
being
Abundance
of
waste
Ground
in
that
Island
,
which
they
may
manure
and
improve
to
their
Own
and
the
Publick
Advantage
.
After
this
,
says
he
,
shall
arise
a
certain
Man
in
England
from
his
Obscure
Center
;
a
Person
fill'd
with
all
Manner
of
Divine
Knowledge
and
Wisdom
,
endu'd
with
the
Spirit
of
Prophecy
,
of
a
Graceful
Aspect
,
and
Elegant
Speech
,
of
a
Compos'd
Gravity
,
and
Calm
Address
,
a
Man
Mild
,
Innocent
,
Temperate
,
Chaste
and
Merciful
above
the
Rest
of
Humane
Race
.
People
shall
let
their
Eyes
fall
on
the
Ground
,
when
they
meet
him
in
the
Streets
,
even
before
they
know
what
he
is
;
overcome
by
the
Lustre
of
Modesty
,
Grace
and
Vertue
which
shines
in
his
Countenance
.
A
Person
highly
beloved
of
God
and
Man
.
This
Man
shall
meet
the
Three
Fugitive
Cardinals
in
an
Hour
of
Destiny
.
Then
that
which
lay
long
smothering
,
shall
suddenly
burst
forth
into
a
Flame
.
The
Light
of
God
shall
be
diffus'd
through
his
Soul
;
his
Heart
shall
be
like
a
Lamp
,
and
his
Tongue
shall
utter
marvellous
Things
.
When
he
opens
his
Mouth
in
divulging
the
Mysteries
of
God
,
his
Words
shall
be
like
the
Sparks
of
an
Eternal
Fire
,
kindling
Flames
of
Love
in
the
Breasts
of
the
Hearers
.
The
Cardinals
shall
rise
from
their
Places
and
run
to
embrace
him
.
A
Council
of
the
Chief
Bishops
and
Priests
of
the
Land
shall
be
assembled
by
the
King's
Order
,
where
the
Three
Cardinals
also
shall
be
present
;
and
after
mature
Deliberation
,
with
Unanimous
Consent
,
they
shall
call
for
the
Holy
Oyl
of
Consecration
,
and
shall
anoint
him
:
They
shall
proclaim
him
the
Great
Father
,
and
Patriarch
of
the
Faithful
;
The
Directer
of
such
as
would
go
to
Paradise
.
He
shall
shew
them
a
new
Pattern
of
the
Law
of
Jesus
the
Son
of
Mary
;
or
rather
the
Old
and
True
One
,
freed
from
the
Corruptions
and
Errors
which
have
been
superinduc'd
for
many
Ages
.
Their
Hearts
shall
yield
as
to
an
Oracle
,
and
the
King
of
the
Country
shall
approve
of
their
Council
.
So
shall
all
those
of
the
Noble
and
the
Vulgar
,
whose
good
Fate
is
written
in
their
Foreheads
.
As
for
the
Rest
,
they
shall
remain
in
their
Incredulity
.
This
Holy
Person
shall
reform
the
Errors
of
all
the
Christian
Churches
,
utterly
abolish
the
Use
of
Images
and
Pictures
,
convince
the
Jews
of
their
Infidelity
,
and
chase
away
the
Darkness
of
Superstition
from
Earth
.
He
shall
argue
with
Reasons
so
forcible
and
cogent
,
so
clear
and
demonstrative
,
that
none
but
the
wilfully
obstinate
,
●…ll
resist
the
Truth
which
he
divulges
,
or
oppose
his
Authentick
Missions
.
Thousands
shall
be
converted
by
the
Dint
of
his
Word
,
and
Ten
Thousands
by
his
Exemplary
Life
.
For
he
shall
go
up
and
down
preaching
and
doing
Good
Works
throughout
Great
Britain
,
till
the
Number
of
his
Proselytes
is
complete
.
Then
he
shall
send
Apostles
and
Messengers
into
Swedeland
,
Denmark
,
Moscovy
,
and
other
Parts
of
Europe
,
who
shall
likewise
convert
an
Innumerable
Multitude
to
his
Law
.
Foreign
Princes
shall
send
their
Embassadors
to
the
King
of
Great
Britain
and
to
him
;
for
he
shall
be
at
the
King
's
Right
Hand
.
They
shall
enter
into
Leagues
and
Covenants
,
and
all
the
Christian
Princes
shall
be
at
Unity
.
Mighty
Armies
shall
be
rais'd
in
the
North
,
who
shall
come
down
and
give
new
Courage
to
the
oppress'd
Nazarenes
of
the
West
.
They
shall
all
take
up
Arms
,
and
chase
the
Osmans
back
again
to
their
own
Country
,
recovering
the
Wealth
which
they
had
taken
from
them
.
After
this
,
by
an
Universal
Agreement
of
the
Christians
,
this
Holy
Person
shall
be
proclaim'd
the
Great
Pastor
of
the
Church
.
a
prodigious
Army
shall
be
gather'd
together
out
of
all
the
Christian
Nations
,
to
conduct
him
to
the
Holy
Land
,
and
to
crown
him
in
Jerusalem
.
They
shall
vanquish
and
exterminate
the
Osmans
out
of
Palaestine
and
all
the
adjacent
Regions
.
Then
shall
Jerusalem
be
re-built
Gloriously
,
and
the
Temple
of
Solomon
with
Saphires
and
Emeraulds
.
That
City
shall
be
the
Seat
of
the
Christian
Mufti
's
,
this
New
Patriarch
,
and
his
Successors
,
to
the
Day
of
Doom
.
Then
shall
the
Eyes
of
the
Jews
be
open'd
:
They
shall
acknowledge
Jesus
the
Son
of
Mary
to
be
the
True
Messias
,
whom
they
have
so
frequently
Cursed
.
In
a
word
,
he
says
,
Both
Jews
and
Gentiles
,
People
of
all
Nations
,
shall
resort
to
Jerusalem
,
or
send
thither
their
Gifts
and
Presents
.
It
shall
become
the
Mistress
of
the
whole
Earth
.
Sage
Cheik
;
This
is
the
Substance
of
what
my
Cousin
Isouf
acquaints
me
with
concerning
the
Wandring
Jew
,
and
his
New
Doctrines
.
The
Censure
of
which
I
leave
to
thee
,
who
hast
a
discerning
Spirit
,
and
art
able
to
distinguish
Truth
from
an
Imposture
.
God
only
knows
what
is
hid
in
the
Womb
of
Futurity
.
Every
Age
is
pregnant
and
brings
forth
strange
Events
.
Yet
when
't
is
over
,
all
sounds
like
a
Dream
.
The
World
it self
is
no
better
;
and
I
that
write
this
,
am
but
methinks
the
Shadow
of
a
Vision
or
Trance
.
I
hardly
know
whether
I
'm
asleep
or
awake
whilst
my
Pen
seems
to
move
.
Therefore
,
it
being
very
late
,
I
lay
it
aside
,
and
bid
thee
adieu
:
Praying
that
thou
and
I
may
have
the
Happiness
,
even
in
this
Life
,
to
taste
the
Sweet
Slumbers
of
Paradise
.
Paris
,
7th
.
of
the
12th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1672.
LETTER
XIII
.
To
Hamet
,
Reis
Effendi
,
Principal
Secretary
of
the
Ottoman
Empire
.
I
Think
all
the
sensible
World
are
inquisitive
into
the
Life
of
Cardinal
Richlieu
.
He
was
the
Pole-Star
of
Statesmen
,
whilst
living
;
and
now
he
is
dead
,
his
Memoirs
and
Maxims
serve
as
a
Chart
and
Compass
,
by
which
the
Politicians
steer
their
Course
,
to
avoid
the
Rocks
and
Shelves
which
threaten
a
Kingdom
,
or
Commonwealth
,
both
in
the
Tempests
of
War
,
and
the
Serene
Calms
of
Peace
.
Thou
hast
formerly
receiv'd
some
Remarks
from
me
on
the
Life
of
this
Great
Minister
:
Yet
I
am
not
surpriz'd
at
the
Contents
of
thy
last
Dispatch
,
which
require
a
farther
Account
of
him
.
No
body
can
know
too
much
of
a
Man
who
was
the
Miracle
of
his
Time
;
and
not
only
startled
the
wisest
of
his
Contemporaries
,
by
his
Prodigious
Actions
;
but
has
puzzl'd
all
that
survive
him
,
to
trace
his
Footsteps
.
Undoubtedly
,
France
owes
to
his
Conduct
,
all
her
present
Grandeur
,
with
the
Hopes
she
has
of
encreasing
it
.
To
him
she
is
indebted
for
her
Conquests
in
Flanders
,
Sicily
,
Catalonia
,
Piedmont
,
and
the
German
Frontiers
.
'T
was
He
first
taught
Her
the
complete
Way
to
Humble
Her
Insolent
Neighbours
,
and
to
suppress
her
Rebellious
Domesticks
.
He
much
abated
the
troublesome
Weight
of
a
Crown
,
and
made
it
sit
Lighter
on
the
Head
of
Lewis
XIII
.
Whilst
Cardinal
Mazarini
,
his
Successor
in
the
Prime
Ministry
,
acting
by
the
same
Principles
,
render'd
it
as
soft
and
easie
to
the
present
King
,
as
the
Grand
Signior's
Turbant
.
In
a
Word
,
through
the
Efficacy
of
Richlieu's
Politicks
,
Lewis
XIV
.
is
become
the
most
Absolute
Monarch
in
Christendom
.
For
he
either
undermines
,
or
over-reaches
his
Enemies
,
by
specious
Treaties
of
Peace
,
where
he
is
sure
to
have
the
better
on
't
;
or
he
runs
them
down
with
the
Force
of
War
.
To
conclude
,
he
has
a
long
Head
,
and
a
longer
Sword
,
which
all
will
confess
that
have
to
do
with
him
.
And
this
is
the
pure
Result
of
Richlieu's
Memoirs
.
Yet
after
all
,
that
Minister
had
his
blind
side
too
,
as
well
as
other
Mortals
.
Publick
Vertues
,
and
Private
Vices
;
State-Perfections
,
and
Personal
Frailties
.
He
serv'd
his
Master
,
with
a
Zeal
and
Fidelity
,
with
a
Wisdom
and
Courage
,
difficult
to
be
match'd
;
but
he
serv'd
himself
after
the
Common
Manner
of
Men.
He
indulg'd
his
Favourite
Passions
,
which
were
Love
,
Jealousie
,
and
Revenge
.
There
is
a
Letter
of
mine
Register'd
in
the
Archives
of
the
Sacred
Port
;
wherein
I
mention'd
a
Particular
Amour
of
this
Great
Prelate
.
Besides
that
,
he
had
several
Intrigues
with
the
Dutchess
of
Elbeuf
,
the
Countess
of
Soissons
,
and
other
Ladies
of
Prime
Quality
.
Nay
,
there
are
not
wanting
such
as
confidently
report
,
That
he
had
Two
Children
by
one
of
his
own
Nieces
.
And
Verses
were
spread
about
on
that
Subject
.
As
he
cherish'd
this
soft
Inclination
to
Women
,
so
he
was
naturally
Jealous
of
all
Rivals
,
whether
of
his
Love
or
Interest
.
He
would
never
suffer
any
Man
to
live
,
whom
he
once
suspected
to
be
in
a
Capacity
,
and
to
make
the
smallest
Advances
to
thwart
his
Designs
.
For
this
Reason
,
he
gave
the
most
Considerable
Military
Offices
,
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
to
Ecclesiasticks
who
depended
on
him
:
Which
occasion'd
a
certain
Waggish
Poet
,
to
pass
this
Jest
on
the
Publick
Administration
:
Vn
Archevêque
est
Admiral
,
Vn
Gros
Evêque
est
Corporal
,
Vn
Prelât
President
aux
Frontieres
,
Vn
Autre
a
des
Troupes
guerrieres
,
Vn
Capuchin
pense
au
Combat
,
Vn
Cardinal
a
des
Soldat
,
Vn
autre
est
Generalissime
;
France
je
croy
qu'
icy
bas
,
Ton
Eglise
si
Magnanime
,
Milite
&
ne
triomphe
pas
.
Reflecting
hereby
,
on
the
Archbishop
of
Bourdeaux
,
the
Bishop
of
Chartres
,
the
Bishop
of
Nantes
,
the
Bishop
of
Mande
,
Father
Joseph
,
a
Friar
,
Cardinal
de
Valette
,
and
Cardinal
Richlieu
;
these
being
the
Chief
Commanders
of
the
Land
and
Sea
Forces
.
It
will
make
thee
smile
,
perhaps
,
to
read
an
Epitaph
that
was
made
on
that
Father
Joseph
above-named
;
who
being
esteem'd
a
very
Infamous
Man
,
and
lying
interr'd
in
the
same
Tomb
with
another
Friar
named
Father
Angel
,
provok'd
some
Satyrical
Wit
,
to
put
this
Sarcasm
on
him
:
Passant
,
nest
ce
pas
chose
êtrange
,
De
voir
un
Diable
auprês
d'un
Ange
?
I
believe
Father
Joseph
was
the
worse
belov'd
for
being
Cardinal
Richlieu's
Confessor
.
It
was
observ'd
that
he
dyed
suddenly
,
without
Confessing
himself
,
which
occasion'd
another
Epitaph
to
be
made
on
him
:
Sous
ce
Tombeau
git
un
bon
Pere
,
Qui
eut
tant
de
Discretion
,
Que
pour
ê'tre
bon
Secrêtaire
,
Il
mourut
sans
Confession
.
Every
body
suspected
the
Cardinal
had
a
Hand
in
his
precipitate
Death
,
to
prevent
his
telling
of
Tales
:
For
he
knew
all
his
Secrets
:
And
the
Cardinal
was
known
to
be
with
him
when
he
dyed
.
It
was
during
the
Siege
of
Brisac
,
a
City
on
the
Rhine
,
which
was
then
upon
the
Point
of
surrendring
to
the
French
:
And
the
News
coming
to
the
Cardinal
,
just
as
Father
Joseph
was
in
his
last
Agonies
,
he
came
to
his
Bed-side
,
and
laying
his
Mouth
close
to
the
poor
Friar's
Ear
,
cryed
out
as
loud
as
he
could
,
Couráge
,
Couráge
,
mon
Pere
,
Nous
avous
pris
Brisac
.
A
strange
Cordial
for
a
dying
Man
,
and
some
body
made
these
Verses
on
it
:
Ite
Cucullati
,
vobis
si
Purpura
ridet
,
Fungitur
Inferni
Munere
Pontificis
.
There
is
another
Instance
of
the
Cardinal●s
Revengefull
Temper
and
his
Cruelty
.
One
Day
the
Duke
of
Orleans
,
who
hated
him
mortally
,
went
to
his
Palace
,
under
Pretence
of
giving
him
a
Visit
,
but
really
with
a
Design
to
Stab
him
.
However
,
as
soon
as
he
came
into
the
Cardinal's
Presence
,
his
Nose
fell
a
Bleeding
.
Which
appearing
to
him
as
an
Ominous
Presage
of
what
he
was
going
about
,
he
was
struck
with
some
Remorse
;
and
frankly
confessing
his
Design
to
the
Cardinal
,
begg'd
his
Pardon
.
That
cunning
Minister
dissembl'd
his
Resentments
,
knowing
the
Duke
was
not
a
Man
of
Resolution
enough
to
undertake
so
bold
an
Action
,
unless
he
had
been
extremely
animated
by
some
body
near
him
;
he
presently
reflected
on
Monsieur
Puylaurent
,
the
Duke
's
Chief
Favourite
.
Immediately
he
decreed
his
Ruine
;
and
to
effect
it
with
more
Ease
,
he
pretended
an
extraordinary
Friendship
to
him
,
offering
him
one
of
his
Nieces
in
Marriage
.
Monsieur
Puylaurent
who
suspected
not
the
Train
which
was
laid
for
him
,
embrac'd
the
Proposal
with
much
Joy
,
as
hoping
thereby
to
raise
and
establish
his
Fortune
under
the
Protection
of
his
Potent
Uncle
.
In
fine
,
he
marry'd
the
Cardinal's
Niece
,
but
liv'd
not
to
enjoy
her
;
for
on
the
very
Nuptial
Day
,
the
Cardinal
caused
him
to
be
arrested
and
sent
Prisoner
to
the
Bastile
;
where
he
was
poisoned
by
a
Friar
,
in
a
Glass
of
Wine
.
As
soon
as
he
had
swallow'd
the
Fatal
Potion
,
the
Friar
told
him
,
It
was
necessary
for
him
to
confess
his
Sins
that
very
Moment
,
in
regard
he
had
but
a
few
Minutes
to
live
.
Monsieur
Puylaurent
threw
the
Glass
at
the
Friar's
Head
,
giving
him
Two
or
Three
swinging
Curses
,
and
then
fell
on
his
Knees
,
to
Confession
;
which
being
perform'd
,
he
expir'd
.
Sometimes
the
Cardinal
was
very
singular
and
Ingenious
in
the
Execution
of
his
Revenge
,
as
if
he
endeavour'd
to
perswade
the
World
,
That
he
fulfill'd
the
Law
of
the
Talio
,
which
requires
an
Eye
for
an
Eye
,
and
punishes
by
an
exact
Kind
of
Proportion
.
As
it
happen'd
in
the
Case
of
the
Dukes
of
Guize
,
Montmorency
,
and
Monsieur
de
Bassompierre
.
These
were
the
Heads
of
a
Faction
which
diametrically
oppos'd
the
Cardinal
and
his
Party
.
He
was
the
Grand
Eye-sore
,
the
Chief
Obstacle
of
their
Design'd
Prevalence
at
the
Court
.
Wherefore
if
they
cou'd
but
once
remove
him
out
of
the
Way
,
they
thought
themselves
sure
of
the
King's
Ear
in
all
Things
.
To
effect
this
,
they
consulted
together
,
how
to
dispose
of
him
.
The
Duke
of
Guize
was
of
Opinion
,
he
should
not
be
kill'd
,
in
regard
he
was
a
Prince
of
the
Holy
Church
,
but
that
he
should
be
sent
to
Rome
,
there
to
attend
the
proper
Affairs
of
his
Ecclesiastick
Function
,
among
the
Rest
of
his
purpl'd
Brethren
.
The
Duke
of
Montmorency
was
clearly
for
taking
off
his
Head
.
But
Monsieur
de
Bassompierre
was
against
both
these
Methods
:
For
,
said
he
,
if
he
be
sent
to
Rome
,
he
will
be
always
plotting
of
Mischief
against
us
.
And
it
would
be
an
Eternal
Blemish
to
France
,
if
the
Purple
of
the
Holy
Church
should
be
stain'd
with
Blood
.
Let
us
send
him
close
Prisoner
to
the
Bastile
,
where
he
may
spend
the
Remainder
of
his
Days
in
writing
Learned
Books
.
The
Cardinal
who
had
his
Agents
busie
about
in
all
Parts
,
soon
was
inform'd
of
this
Consult
:
and
he
retaliated
every
Man's
Sentence
upon
its
own
Author
.
For
he
banish'd
the
Duke
of
Guize
,
confining
him
to
Rome
.
He
beheaded
the
Duke
of
Montmorency
;
and
imprison'd
Monsieur
de
Bassompierre
in
the
Bastile
,
where
he
lay
till
the
Cardinal's
Death
.
I
could
insert
a
great
many
more
Remarks
concerning
Cardinal
Richlieu
.
But
I
am
afraid
of
offending
by
Tediousness
.
If
thou
commandest
me
,
another
Letter
shall
present
thee
with
more
Varieties
.
In
the
mean
Time
with
humblest
Obeysance
and
Respect
I
desist
,
and
take
my
Conge
,
wishing
thee
a
long
Life
on
Earth
,
full
of
Honour
;
and
a
Fame
without
Blemish
when
thou
art
translated
to
Heaven
.
Paris
,
15th
.
of
the
1st
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1673.
LETTER
XIV
.
To
Musu
Abu'l
Yahyan
,
Professor
of
Philosophy
at
Fez.
THou
hast
laid
a
Grand
Obligation
on
me
by
thy
last
Dispatch
,
whose
Learned
Contents
have
open'd
my
Eyes
;
or
rather
drawn
back
the
Veil
which
cover'd
the
Interious
of
Africk
,
from
the
View
of
Strangers
.
Now
I
stand
as
it
were
on
the
Top
of
a
high
Mountain
,
from
whence
I
take
a
clear
Prospect
of
those
fair
Regions
,
Inhabited
by
Blacks
.
I
survey
the
Paradises
of
the
Torrid
Zone
,
a
most
fertile
and
populous
Climate
;
tho'
blind
Antiquity
could
not
discern
a
Blade
of
Grass
growing
there
,
nor
any
of
Humane
Race
fetching
their
Breath
.
My
Mind
revels
in
perfect
Voluptuousness
,
and
all
the
Faculties
of
my
Soul
banquet
on
the
Contemplation
of
that
most
Delectable
Precinct
of
the
World
.
Oh
Africk
!
Thou
may'st
be
call'd
the
Bazar
or
Mercat
,
where
Nature
exhibits
all
her
choicest
Wonders
.
Thy
Mountains
are
Higher
than
the
Clouds
;
their
Tops
are
Inaccessible
.
They
approach
the
Borders
of
Paradise
.
On
them
fall
the
Rivers
of
Eden
in
mighty
Cataracts
.
The
Noise
of
the
Precipitate
Waters
is
heard
afar
off
,
like
the
Sound
of
Remote
Thunders
.
It
deafens
the
Ears
,
and
astonishes
the
Minds
of
Mortals
.
The
Ambitious
undergrowing
Rocks
,
are
proud
of
the
Glorious
Cascade
;
and
envy
those
that
shoot
up
above
'em
which
receive
the
Sacred
Flood
at
the
First
Hand
,
from
the
very
Wings
of
Gabriel
.
Happy
are
the
Valleys
which
lie
beneath
,
and
are
Yearly
impregnated
by
the
Heavenly
Deluge
.
The
grateful
Fields
and
Plains
in
humble
Acknowledgment
,
make
their
Returns
of
Corn
and
Fruits
in
due
Season
.
The
Marshes
of
Egypt
,
are
as
the
Gardens
of
Asia
;
the
Banks
of
the
Nile
,
as
the
Fenced
Seminaries
of
Babylon
,
fragrant
and
abounding
in
all
Sorts
of
Vegetable
Delicacies
.
My
Heart
is
ravish'd
with
the
Speculation
of
these
Things
I
am
full
as
the
Moon
,
and
cannot
utter
my
Sentiments
in
Order
.
Visions
of
Aethiopia
,
Marocco
,
Fez
,
and
the
Land
of
Archers
invade
my
Eyes
.
I
behold
the
Beautiful
Provinces
of
the
South
in
a
Trance
:
I
stand
gazing
in
Ecstasy
on
the
shady
Groves
of
Benin
and
Arder
,
the
Haunts
of
lovely
Daemons
,
the
Genij
of
the
Upper
Element
;
who
daily
descend
to
those
Refreshing
Solitudes
,
and
converse
with
their
Younger
Brethren
,
Incarnare
Mortal
Daemons
,
the
Sons
of
Men.
I
consider
with
Admiration
the
Monsters
of
Africk
,
the
Creatures
of
the
Sun
and
Slime
.
With
Contemplative
Horror
,
I
draw
near
the
Dens
of
Dragons
;
the
Purlieu
of
Crocodiles
,
and
other
Amphibious
Animals
,
which
lurk
among
the
Reeds
of
Nile
and
Niger
,
to
trapan
with
feigned
Cries
th'
Unwary
Traveller
.
In
fine
,
I
am
mov'd
with
superlative
Devotion
and
Joy
,
when
I
peruse
thy
accurate
Description
of
the
Principal
Mosch
at
Fez.
Methinks
I
see
the
Stupendous
Fabrick
making
its
lofty
Advances
toward
Heaven
.
My
Eyes
revere
the
Holy
and
Magnifick
Structure
,
on
the
out-side
adorn'd
with
stately
Towers
and
Minarets
,
and
covering
Fifteen
Hundred
Paces
in
its
Circuit
.
But
when
my
Phansie
enters
in
by
any
of
the
One
and
Thirty
Gates
by
Night
,
I
'm
dazl'd
with
the
Insupportable
Splendor
of
so
many
Thousand
Lamps
,
as
burn
within
that
most
Illustrious
Temple
.
I
admire
with
proportionate
Veneration
,
the
Character
thou
givest
of
all
the
other
Magnificences
in
that
Antient
and
Noble
City
;
with
whatsoever
else
thou
say'st
of
the
whole
Kingdom
,
and
the
Adjacent
Regions
.
In
Answer
to
thy
Request
,
I
will
in
another
Letter
send
thee
a
short
Pourtraicture
and
History
of
Constantinople
;
but
now
I
am
interrupted
by
Company
.
Besides
,
my
Letter
would
be
too
long
.
I
beseech
thee
to
cherish
that
Friendship
which
thou
hast
hitherto
shew'd
me
;
and
let
me
have
the
Honour
of
thy
frequent
Conversation
by
Letters
.
For
tho'
I
live
in
a
Populons
City
,
yet
my
Life
seems
like
that
of
an
Owl
or
a
Pelican
of
the
Desart
,
extream
Solitary
and
Dejected
.
Paris
,
19th
.
of
the
3d.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
,
1673.
LETTER
XV.
To
the
same
.
SUch
is
the
Zeal
I
have
to
demonstrate
how
highly
I
value
thy
Friendship
,
that
I
would
not
suffer
this
Post
to
escape
without
gratifying
thy
Expectations
.
I
just
now
dismiss'd
my
Company
,
and
having
Time
enough
,
will
entertain
thee
with
an
Abstract
of
what
I
know
to
be
most
Remarkable
in
the
State
of
Constantinople
,
both
at
present
and
in
Ancient
Times
.
In
the
first
Place
,
it
will
be
convenient
for
thee
to
know
,
That
this
City
was
formerly
call'd
Byzantium
,
from
one
Byzas
,
Admiral
of
the
Spartan
Fleet
,
under
Pausanias
the
King
of
Sparta
,
who
laid
the
First
Foundations
of
it
.
The
Story
is
this
:
In
Old
Time
the
Graecians
having
a
Mind
to
build
a
New
City
in
some
Part
of
Thrace
,
and
being
at
Odds
about
the
Choice
of
a
Spot
of
Ground
suitable
to
so
Great
and
Important
an
Undertaking
,
they
at
last
agreed
to
consult
the
Oracle
of
Apollo
.
They
did
so
,
and
were
answer'd
,
That
they
should
lay
the
Foundations
of
the
City
,
right
over-against
the
Blind
Men
:
For
so
the
Inhabitants
of
Chalcedon
were
call'd
,
because
when
they
were
upon
the
same
Design
of
founding
a
New
City
,
they
could
not
discern
between
the
Fertility
of
the
Soil
on
what
side
the
Propontis
,
where
Constantinople
now
stands
;
and
the
Barrenness
and
Desart
State
of
the
Ground
where
they
built
,
on
the
other
side
.
Pansanias
therefore
busying
his
Mind
about
these
Things
,
and
pitching
right
upon
the
Sence
of
the
Oracle
,
caus'd
the
Foundations
of
the
City
to
be
laid
exactly
over
against
Chalcedon
:
And
when
it
was
finish'd
it
was
call'd
Byzantium
,
as
I
have
said
,
from
Byzas
who
had
the
Oversight
of
the
Work
.
It
retain's
this
Name
many
Years
and
Ages
,
flourishing
in
a
high
Degree
among
the
other
Cities
of
Greece
and
Thrace
,
being
esteem'd
the
Gate
of
Europe
and
Asia
,
by
which
the
Mutual
Commerce
of
both
those
Quarters
of
the
Earth
was
interchangeably
held
up
.
But
after
the
Days
of
the
Messias
,
there
arose
an
Emperour
of
Rome
,
whose
Name
was
Constantine
.
This
Prince
,
as
't
is
Recorded
in
Roman
Histories
,
saw
a
Vision
in
the
Air
when
he
was
at
the
Head
of
his
Army
marching
against
Licinius
,
and
preparing
to
give
Battle
.
He
and
all
his
Soldiers
beheld
the
Figure
of
a
Cross
,
with
these
Words
plainly
engraven
in
the
Firmament
:
In
hoc
Signo
vinces
.
Constantine
took
this
for
a
Good
Omen
,
and
caus'd
a
Standard
of
Silver
to
be
made
exactly
after
the
same
Form
:
To
which
he
appointed
Eifty
Standard-Bearers
,
to
carry
it
by
Turns
,
and
to
guard
it
:
For
it
was
exceeding
Rich
,
being
emboss'd
all
o'er
with
Rubies
,
Diamonds
,
Pearls
,
and
other
precious
Jewels
of
the
Orient
.
He
built
a
Pavilion
also
for
the
Glorious
Idol
;
and
being
instructed
in
the
Christian
Law
by
Eusebius
Pamphilus
,
and
other
Learned
Mollah's
,
he
was
at
last
Baptized
by
Silvester
the
Pope
.
This
Great
Monarch
,
as
the
Story
goes
,
being
very
Pious
,
and
having
conceiv'd
a
profound
Veneration
for
Pope
Silvester
,
left
him
the
Dominion
of
Rome
,
and
a
great
Part
of
Italy
,
whilst
he
remov'd
the
Imperial
Court
to
the
East
,
and
took
up
his
Residence
at
Byzantium
,
which
he
augmented
with
Innumerable
stately
Edifices
;
striving
,
if
possible
,
to
equal
it
with
the
Majesty
and
Grandeur
of
Rome
.
He
collected
whatsoever
was
Precious
and
Beautiful
in
all
the
East
,
to
adorn
the
City
withal
:
Witness
the
Palaces
of
Superb
Architecture
the
Admirable
Height
and
Form
of
Diverse
Obelisks
and
Pillars
,
all
made
of
Marble
,
Porphyry
,
or
Jasper
.
Not
to
insist
on
the
Prodigious
Strength
and
Firmness
of
the
Walls
,
the
Costly
Aqueducts
,
with
other
Serviceable
Things
.
At
last
,
that
he
might
consecrate
himself
to
Immortal
Renown
,
he
call'd
this
City
by
his
own
Name
,
Constantinople
,
or
,
the
City
of
Constantine
:
By
which
Name
it
is
known
even
to
this
Day
.
It
was
also
called
New
Rome
,
after
it
once
became
the
Seat
of
the
Christian
Emperours
:
In
whose
Possession
it
remain'd
,
till
it
was
taken
by
Mahomet
II.
Invincible
Emperour
of
the
Ottomans
,
in
the
Year
1453.
according
to
the
Epocha
of
the
Nazarenes
;
on
the
Third
Day
of
the
Week
which
they
call
Pentecoste
.
It
had
been
a
Grand
Neglect
and
Oversight
in
any
Prince
so
Potent
and
Politick
as
Mahomet
was
,
to
suffer
such
an
Opportunity
to
escape
as
Fortune
offer'd
him
,
of
taking
the
most
Opulent
and
Glorious
City
in
the
World
:
For
there
was
an
Irreconcilable
Schism
broke
forth
between
the
Churches
of
the
East
and
West
.
There
were
Two
or
Three
Popes
at
the
same
time
,
quarrelling
in
Rome
for
the
Supremacy
;
there
was
a
War
of
Fifty
Years
standing
between
the
French
and
the
English
,
which
unhing'd
all
the
Courts
in
Europe
.
The
Christians
had
long
before
,
by
dear-bought
Experience
(
the
Loss
of
many
Hundred
Thousand
Men
and
Infinite
Sums
of
Money
,
consum'd
in
those
vain
and
rash
Expeditions
,
which
they
Sanctified
with
the
specious
Title
of
the
Holy
War
;
)
found
,
that
it
was
not
easie
to
wrest
one
Town
of
Strength
out
of
the
Hands
of
the
Tenacious
Mussulmans
;
much
less
to
defend
it
long
,
or
save
their
most
important
Cities
from
the
Fury
of
a
Turkish
Reprizal
.
They
were
sick
and
surfeited
with
the
Visionary
Stuff
of
Peter
the
Hermit
;
and
all
Illuminato's
like
him
,
grew
out
of
Fashion
.
Every
Prince
and
State
in
Western
Christendom
,
began
to
mind
their
own
Interest
.
No
more
Enthusiastick
Tales
of
that
Kind
wou'd
go
down
:
The
Great
Ones
had
open'd
their
Eyes
.
Besides
,
he
that
was
then
Emperour
of
Greece
,
Constantinus
Paleologus
,
was
look'd
upon
by
the
Christians
,
as
a
Tyrant
,
the
Off-spring
of
Tyrants
,
and
Usurper
.
The
Graecians
still
retain'd
the
Black
Memoirs
of
those
horrid
and
nefandous
Tragedies
,
acted
by
Michael
Andronicus
,
John
,
and
Manuel
,
the
Pedecessors
and
Ancestors
of
this
Constantine
.
And
they
had
such
a
particular
Aversion
for
his
Government
,
that
tho'
there
were
Infinite-Treasures
of
Gold
and
Silver
in
the
Hands
of
the
Rich
Citizens
of
Constantinople
,
when
that
City
was
besieg'd
by
Mahomet
II.
yet
no
Man
wou'd
part
with
the
least
Sum
of
Money
,
to
support
the
Publick
Cause
:
But
chose
rather
in
a
Kind
of
revengeful
and
desperate
Sullenness
,
to
fall
into
the
Hands
of
the
Victorious
Osmans
,
than
to
afford
their
Hated
Sovereign
any
Relief
.
Thus
fell
that
Queen
of
Cities
,
the
Glory
of
all
the
East
,
under
the
Power
of
our
Puissant
Emperours
,
in
whose
Possession
it
remains
to
this
Day
;
and
may
it
so
remain
,
till
the
Moon
shall
be
in
her
last
Wane
,
and
the
Sun
cease
to
shine
on
the
World
.
In
the
mean
Time
,
I
will
entertain
thee
en
Passant
,
as
the
French
call
it
,
with
a
short
View
of
the
Chief
Magnificences
in
Constantinople
.
That
which
first
draws
the
Admiration
of
Travellers
,
is
the
Glorious
Structure
of
Sancta
Sophia
,
a
Temple
consecrated
to
the
Eternal
WISDOM
,
by
which
the
Worlds
were
made
:
Built
by
the
Emperour
Justinian
with
inimitable
Magnificence
;
tho'
afterwards
Spoil'd
and
Plunder'd
of
its
chiefest
Ornaments
,
by
the
greedy
Soldiers
of
Mahomet
II.
whom
I
have
so
often
mention'd
;
and
Six
Parts
of
it
entirely
subverted
by
succeeding
Emperours
.
Pity
it
was
,
if
furious
and
ill-grounded
Superstition
was
the
Cause
of
such
deplorable
Ruines
.
What
can
be
said
of
those
who
demolish'd
the
Sub-Fana
of
the
Third
Temple
,
celebrated
in
the
Universal
History
of
the
World
?
That
of
Diana
at
Ephesus
,
't
is
true
,
was
the
Pattern
;
yet
't
was
not
much
beyond
it
.
Schelomo's
boasted
Fane
at
Jerusalem
,
without
Iron
Pins
or
Nails
,
or
other
Work
of
the
Hammer
,
excell'd
but
a
little
in
the
Artifice
and
Symmetry
.
Indeed
,
the
Lustre
of
Sion's
.
Mosch
,
was
more
Radiant
and
Glorious
in
Workmanship
of
Gold
,
the
Walls
and
Floor
being
over-laid
with
that
Metal
,
and
the
Roof
on
the
out-side
was
,
as
it
were
,
studded
with
Spikes
of
Beaten
Gold
so
thick
,
that
there
was
not
Room
for
a
Bird
to
perch
between
them
.
And
this
was
done
to
prevent
the
Prophanation
of
the
Temple
by
their
muting
on
it
.
When
the
Sun
shone
in
his
full
strength
,
the
covering
of
the
Temple
thus
adorn'd
,
look'd
like
a
Firmament
glittering
with
Innumerable
Stars
.
But
to
return
to
the
Mosch
of
Sancta
Sophia
,
let
us
consider
it
in
its
Primitive
State
,
and
we
shall
find
some
Excellent
Curiosities
.
Among
the
Rest
,
there
was
a
Candlestick
or
Sconce
of
Beaten
Gold
,
so
admirably
contriv'd
,
That
it
spontaneously
fed
the
Bowls
of
Seven
Branches
with
a
constant
Stream
of
Oil
,
which
by
equal
Measures
flow'd
into
them
,
from
the
Hollow
of
the
Shaft
.
So
that
if
the
Flame
but
of
one
single
One
,
had
wanted
Aliment
,
all
the
Rest
must
have
been
extinguish'd
at
the
same
Time
.
The
Walls
of
this
Glorious
Mosch
,
within
and
without
,
present
the
Eye
with
nothing
but
White
Marble
,
Porphyry
;
and
other
Precious
Stones
.
The
Roof
is
of
a
Prodigious
Height
,
cover'd
with
Lead
without
,
but
proudly
Ostentous
of
its
inward
Cieling
,
which
is
divided
into
Vaults
and
Arches
richly
adorn'd
with
Golden
Fret-work
;
and
supported
by
Pillars
of
Cyprian
Jasper
,
purest
White
Marble
,
and
Porphyry
.
There
is
a
Marble
Stone
in
the
Mosch
,
had
in
great
Reverence
by
the
True
Faithful
,
because
the
Tradition
goes
,
That
on
it
Mary
,
the
Mother
of
Jesus
,
wash'd
the
Infant-Prophet's
Linen
.
There
are
also
under
the
Mosch
,
Innumerable
Vaules
or
Oratories
,
full
of
Altars
and
Sepulchres
:
But
there
is
no
Access
to
them
,
in
Regard
the
Doors
are
wall'd
up
.
In
a
Place
not
far
from
these
,
you
find
Ten
huge
Vessels
full
of
Oyl
,
reserv'd
there
ever-since
the
Days
of
Constantine
the
Great
,
yet
remains
Uncorrupted
,
being
of
Colour
White
like
Milk
.
It
is
an
Inexpiable
Crime
for
any
,
but
the
Grand
Signior's
Physicians
or
Surgeons
,
to
use
or
touch
it
.
And
they
compound
certain
Medicaments
with
it
,
for
the
Service
of
him
and
his
Serail
.
Now
I
remember
what
I
have
read
in
a
very
Authentick
Historian
,
concerning
an
Oil
made
by
certain
Holy
Persons
who
only
had
the
Secret
of
it
.
As
the
Story
goes
,
it
was
Extracted
from
the
Leaves
and
Chips
of
Wood
which
are
found
floating
in
the
Rivers
that
descend
out
of
Paradise
.
This
Oil
they
compounded
with
other
Ingredients
,
and
perform'd
Cures
therewith
,
which
were
esteem'd
Miraculous
.
It
was
sent
from
one
Prince
to
another
,
as
a
Sacred
and
Invaluable
Treasure
.
Till
at
last
it
came
into
the
Hands
of
the
Eastern
Patriarchs
,
who
presided
over
the
Christians
of
the
Greek
,
Armenian
,
and
Egyptian
Churches
:
Who
pretend
to
the
only
true
Mystery
and
Power
of
making
it
at
this
very
Day
.
And
that
tho'
the
Ancient
Popes
of
Rome
,
were
formerly
presented
with
a
Yearly
Portion
of
it
so
long
as
they
remain'd
in
Communion
with
the
Patriarchs
of
the
East
;
yet
after
Victor
once
had
made
the
Fatal
Schism
,
which
never
cou'd
be
healed
since
,
the
Holy
Favour
was
deny'd
to
his
Successors
:
Who
instead
of
the
Original
Genuine
Oil
,
were
forc'd
to
counterfeit
it
,
using
a
Spurious
Unguent
,
to
preserve
the
Authority
of
their
Religious
Sacraments
.
And
hence
,
they
say
,
it
comes
to
pass
,
that
few
or
none
are
ever
healed
by
the
Extreme
Vnction
of
the
Latin
Church
.
God
knows
,
whether
this
be
Truth
or
no.
But
I
am
apt
to
think
,
That
the
Ten
Jarrs
of
Oil
before-mention'd
which
lie
under
the
Mosch
of
Aja-Sophian
,
are
Reliques
of
the
Ancient
Patriarchs
of
Constantinople
;
who
had
the
Secret
of
compounding
the
Mysterious
Extract
.
From
the
Place
where
these
Vessels
are
kept
,
you
descend
into
the
Dormitories
of
Royal
Ottoman
Carkasses
,
the
Sons
of
our
Renowned
Emperors
.
From
thence
you
pass
into
Two
Caverns
;
One
leading
directly
to
the
Seraglio
,
the
Other
extending
it self
under
the
Buildings
of
the
City
,
by
a
vast
long
Tract
of
Ground
.
I
know
no
Use
there
is
at
present
of
the
Former
Cave
:
but
the
Latter
serves
for
a
Work-Room
,
to
certain
poor
Silk-Spinsters
.
This
Letter
wou'd
be
too
tedious
,
if
I
should
describe
all
the
other
Moschs
,
and
Buildings
of
Note
in
Constantinople
.
Wherefore
not
to
tire
thee
,
I
will
reserve
what
remains
to
be
said
of
that
Glorious
City
,
for
other
Dispatches
.
In
the
mean
Time
,
with
an
Affectionate
Conge
of
my
Soul
I
bid
thee
Adieu
:
Praying
God
to
let
thee
crop
the
choicest
Flowers
of
Humane
Happiness
.
Paris
,
14th
.
of
the
5th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1673.
LETTER
XVI
.
To
Hamet
,
Reis
Effendi
,
Principal
Secretary
of
the
Ottoman
Empire
.
NOw
I
will
perform
the
Promise
I
made
thee
long
agoe
;
which
was
,
to
present
thee
with
an
Idea
of
the
different
Strength
and
Policies
of
these
Nazarene
Kingdoms
and
States
:
Wherein
,
I
will
begin
with
Germany
,
which
is
,
as
it
were
,
the
last
Retrenchment
of
the
Declining
Roman
Empire
.
The
Annals
affirm
,
That
in
the
Reign
of
Charles
V.
when
the
Mussulmans
Invaded
Austria
with
Innumerable
Forces
,
that
Emperour
oppos'd
them
with
an
Army
of
90000
Foot
,
and
30000
Horse
.
Maximilian
II.
went
beyond
him
,
and
rais'd
100000
Foot
,
and
35000
Horse
.
Neither
was
Corn
dear
in
so
vast
an
Army
.
It
is
certain
,
That
the
German
Emperour
can
,
upon
Occasion
,
send
into
the
Field
200000
expert
Soldiers
.
It
is
moreover
observ'd
,
That
from
the
Year
1560
of
the
Christians
Hegira
,
even
to
these
present
Times
,
there
has
been
no
War
between
France
,
Spain
,
and
the
Netherlands
,
wherein
many
Thousands
of
Germans
have
not
serv'd
.
Their
best
Infantry
is
gather'd
out
of
Bavaria
,
Austria
,
and
Westphalia
.
And
their
choicest
Cavalry
come
out
of
Brunswick
,
Juliers
,
and
Frankendal
.
Both
Foot
and
Horse
fight
better
and
more
successfully
in
an
Open
Plain
or
Field
,
than
in
Narrow
,
Covert
Places
,
such
as
Lanes
and
Woods
&c.
For
they
are
not
good
at
taking
Advantages
of
Ground
,
or
at
politick
Skirmishes
,
and
cunning
Ambuscades
.
They
have
not
Patience
to
lie
long
waiting
the
Enemies
Motions
,
neither
care
they
to
divide
their
Main
Body
into
Fragments
or
Detachments
;
but
they
love
to
wedge
themselves
altogether
in
Form
of
a
Triangle
,
and
so
march
with
grave
and
slow
Pace
,
that
so
they
may
break
through
the
Enemies
,
and
confound
their
Order
,
which
they
esteem
a
certain
Step
to
Victory
.
They
fight
better
also
under
a
Foreign
Commander
,
than
a
General
of
their
own
Nation
.
They
cannot
endure
the
Hardships
and
Afflictions
of
a
long
Siege
;
but
when
once
they
begin
to
smart
for
want
of
Provisions
,
they
soon
Capitulate
and
Surrender
.
Neither
have
they
more
Patience
in
a
Camp
to
bear
the
Injuries
of
Weather
:
But
they
make
hast
to
set
upon
the
Enemy
,
and
decide
the
Quarrel
in
a
pitch'd
Combat
:
Wherein
if
their
First
Onset
fail
,
they
seem
like
Men
Stupify'd
,
Astonish'd
,
or
in
a
Trance
,
not
knowing
whether
they
had
best
to
renew
the
Assault
,
or
to
fly
:
And
,
if
they
oncefly
,
there
's
no
rallying
them
again
.
Yet
these
Armies
are
not
rais'd
without
a
vast
Expence
,
nor
maintain'd
without
a
greater
,
being
cumber'd
with
a
Train
of
Women
,
Children
,
and
Servants
;
who
consume
the
Provisions
of
the
Soldiers
,
so
that
many
Times
they
starve
for
want
of
common
Ammunition-Bread
.
Their
Horses
may
be
call'd
rather
strong
than
sprightly
,
and
bold
;
being
,
for
the
most
Part
,
taken
from
the
Plough
,
or
other
Rural
Drudgeries
.
In
a
word
,
they
are
like
their
Riders
,
Phlegmatick
and
Dull
;
having
this
also
peculiar
in
their
Constitution
,
that
at
the
sight
of
Blood
,
they
shrink
,
and
are
ready
to
faint
:
Whereas
,
the
Spanish
Horse
gather
fresh
Courage
from
this
Spectacle
.
The
Germans
also
have
considerable
Forces
by
Sea
;
but
they
seldom
make
Use
of
them
,
unless
it
be
against
the
Danes
and
Suedes
.
Besides
all
this
,
their
Auxiliary
Armies
are
not
to
be
forgot
,
which
they
receive
from
the
Italian
Princes
;
from
the
Dukes
of
Savoy
and
Lorrain
;
and
sometimes
from
the
Trusty
Suisses
.
But
there
are
Two
Things
chiefly
wanting
in
this
Empire
,
amidst
all
its
Numerous
Forces
:
One
is
,
Unity
and
Concord
among
the
Subjects
;
Another
is
,
a
fix'd
Resolution
and
Readiness
to
enterprize
any
Thing
of
Moment
.
Their
Hans
Towns
are
always
Jealous
of
the
Neighbouring
Princes
.
And
these
again
give
'em
Occasion
to
suspect
their
Power
,
and
hate
their
Interest
,
which
they
so
often
employ
against
them
,
by
encroaching
on
their
Privileges
.
Then
the
Catholicks
,
and
Protestants
are
always
quarelling
:
And
one
Sect
of
Protestants
,
perpetually
Persecuting
another
.
Hence
it
falls
out
,
That
the
Princes
go
so
unwillingly
and
rarely
to
the
Diets
:
And
when
they
come
there
,
they
spin
out
so
much
Time
in
adjusting
their
private
Pretensions
,
Claims
,
and
Privileges
;
in
performing
of
State-Ceremonies
;
and
in
deliberating
concerning
the
Publick
Good
,
whilst
every
one
contradicts
his
Neighbour
,
and
labours
with
all
his
Might
to
establish
his
own
Opinion
,
and
get
it
pass'd
into
a
Decree
,
by
the
Sanction
of
the
Diet
;
that
before
they
come
to
any
Resolves
,
an
Expeditious
and
Potent
Enemy
might
rush
into
the
Heart
of
the
Country
,
and
even
take
all
these
Northern
Blockheads
Prisoners
.
The
German
Empire
is
Elective
;
and
the
Power
of
chusing
Caesar
,
is
in
the
Hands
of
Seven
Princes
.
These
are
First
,
the
Archbishop
of
Mentz
,
Grand
Chancellor
of
the
Empire
;
in
whose
Custody
are
the
Archives
and
Decrees
of
the
German
Diets
.
The
Second
is
,
the
Archbishop
of
Triers
or
Treves
,
Great
Chancellor
of
the
Empire
for
France
.
The
Third
is
,
the
Archbishop
of
Colen
,
Great
Chancellor
of
the
Empire
for
Italy
.
The
Fourth
is
,
the
King
of
Bohemia
,
Cup-Bearer
to
the
Emperor
.
The
Fifth
is
,
the
Count
Palatine
of
the
Rhine
,
Master
of
the
Imperial
Palace
.
The
Sixth
is
,
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
Marshal
or
Sword-bearer
to
the
Emperor
.
The
Seventh
and
last
is
,
the
Marquis
of
Brandenburgh
,
Great
Chamberlain
or
Treasurer
of
the
Empire
.
There
are
reckon'd
25
Politick
Princes
,
or
Dukes
in
the
Empire
,
6
Marquisses
,
5
Landtgraves
,
9
Archbishops
,
and
Bishops
47.
Abbots
who
enjoy
the
Title
and
Dignity
of
Princes
12.
Abbots
of
a
lower
Degree
52.
With
Innumerable
Others
too
tedious
to
be
nam'd
.
They
reckon
also
82
Counts
of
Principal
Note
,
besides
many
of
a
Meaner
Figure
.
They
number
49
Barons
and
Free
Lords
,
90
Hans-Towns
,
and
10
Circles
of
the
Empire
.
In
the
German
Diets
,
this
Order
is
observ'd
:
When
the
Emperor
is
plac'd
in
the
Throne
,
the
Archbishop
of
Triers
takes
his
Place
just
over
against
him
:
He
of
Mentz
sits
next
to
the
Emperor
on
his
Right
Hand
;
the
Second
Place
belongs
to
the
King
of
Bohemia
;
and
the
Third
to
the
Count
Palatine
of
the
Rhine
.
On
the
Emperor's
Left
Hand
,
the
Archbishop
of
Colen
takes
the
First
Place
;
the
Duke
of
Saxony
the
next
;
and
the
Marquis
of
Brandenburgh
the
Third
.
The
Hans-Towns
,
which
acknowledge
no
other
Lord
but
the
Emperor
,
are
grovern'd
by
their
own
Municipal
Laws
and
Privileges
.
In
some
of
them
,
the
Common
People
bear
Rule
;
in
others
,
a
Mixture
of
the
Commons
and
Nobles
,
and
many
of
them
wholly
obey
the
Nobility
.
No
Man
salutes
by
the
Title
of
Emperor
,
him
whom
the
Princes
have
Elected
to
that
Dignity
,
till
he
be
crown'd
by
the
Pope
or
Mufti
of
Rome
.
They
call
him
Caesar
,
or
King
of
the
Romans
,
or
King
of
Germany
;
but
not
Emperor
,
till
the
Coronation
is
finish'd
.
Nor
does
the
Emperor
,
even
after
he
is
Crown'd
and
Establish'd
in
the
Throne
,
exercise
an
Absolute
Power
in
all
things
;
Affairs
of
Importance
being
generally
referr'd
to
the
Publick
Diets
or
Divans
of
the
Empire
:
Where
the
Electoral
Princes
deliberate
all
Things
,
on
whom
the
very
Power
of
the
Emperour
himself
depends
.
These
Diets
are
very
confus'd
and
tedious
,
in
Regard
the
Princes
seldom
appear
there
in
their
own
Persons
;
but
send
their
Embassadors
and
Deputies
,
who
yet
have
not
full
Power
to
conclude
any
Thing
without
Particular
Orders
from
their
Respective
Masters
.
So
that
a
Prodigious
deal
of
Time
is
taken
up
in
sending
Couriers
to
inform
the
Princes
of
all
emergent
Counsels
and
Transactions
,
and
in
waiting
for
their
Express
Instructions
,
and
Answers
again
.
In
a
word
,
considering
the
Diversity
of
Interests
carried
on
by
the
Electoral
Princes
,
their
Mutual
Feuds
and
Dissentions
,
Domestick
Animosities
,
and
Foreign
Engagements
,
both
on
Religious
and
Politick
Accounts
;
it
is
a
Miracle
that
this
tottering
Empire
stands
so
long
,
and
does
not
fall
to
Ruin
:
Especially
being
environ'd
and
almost
continually
assaulted
by
Three
Potent
Enemies
,
the
King
of
Sweden
,
the
King
of
France
,
and
our
Invincible
Monarch
.
Not
to
mention
the
frequent
Incursions
of
the
Moscovites
and
Tartars
;
the
Revolts
of
the
Hungarians
,
Transilvanians
,
Bosnians
,
Croats
,
and
other
Nations
which
are
counted
Members
of
the
German
Empire
.
But
he
abounds
in
Men
and
Money
,
with
all
other
Necessaries
to
support
his
Wars
:
There
not
being
a
more
Rich
and
Populous
Region
on
Earth
than
Germany
.
Sage
Hamet
,
when
the
determined
Period
is
come
,
God
will
abase
the
Pride
of
these
Infidels
by
the
Hands
of
the
True
Believers
:
The
Riches
of
the
West
shall
become
the
Spoil
of
Eastern
Hero's
;
and
the
Posterity
of
Shem
shall
take
Root
in
the
Cities
of
Japhet
.
May'st
thou
live
till
that
Time
,
to
tri●…ph
in
the
Glory
of
the
House
of
Ismael
,
when
they
shall
be
exalted
more
than
in
the
Ages
that
are
past
.
Paris
,
9th
.
of
the
7th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1673.
LETTER
XVII
.
To
Cara
Hali
,
Physician
to
the
Grand
Signior
.
THy
Memory
is
like
the
Smell
of
Incense
;
refreshing
as
Wine
of
Tenedos
in
a
Goblet
of
pure
Gold
.
When
my
Heart
is
almost
dead
with
Melancholy
;
when
I
can
find
no
Pleasure
in
Company
abroad
,
and
the
very
Elements
of
which
I
am
made
,
frown
upon
me
;
when
the
Time
of
Night
forces
me
to
come
home
Sighing
as
to
a
Prison
,
and
the
Hangings
of
my
Bed-Chamber
look
dull
and
seem
to
be
painted
with
horrid
Tragedies
:
In
a
word
,
when
every
Thing
in
Nature
appears
in
an
angry
threatning
Fit
,
then
I
think
of
thee
,
my
Friend
,
and
that
Thought
relieves
me
.
Thy
belov'd
Idea
is
a
perfect
Talisman
,
working
Wonders
in
my
Soul
.
It
Charms
or
Countercharms
,
as
my
Occasions
do
require
.
No
Fears
,
or
Griefs
,
or
other
Melancholy
Passions
dare
abide
its
Energy
:
As
soon
as
it
appears
,
each
baneful
Thought
is
gone
;
the
Troops
of
sad
Chimaerae's
vanish
like
the
Morning
Mists
before
the
Sun
Thou
art
as
a
strong
Tower
or
Fortress
,
where
I
can
take
Sanctuary
from
my
Enemies
:
An
Impregnable
Cittadel
seated
on
the
Top
of
a
high
Rock
:
From
whence
I
can
look
down
with
Scorn
on
my
Persecutors
beneath
;
possessing
my self
in
perfect
Security
.
I
dare
not
so
much
as
vent
my
Thoughts
to
another
,
tho'
a
Mussulman
,
for
fear
of
some
untoward
Consequence
:
So
Industrious
is
the
Malice
of
most
Men
;
so
vigilant
and
studious
for
an
Opportunity
of
doing
Mischief
.
And
as
for
these
Infidels
,
my
Conversation
is
,
for
the
most
part
,
Histrionick
.
I
am
constrain'd
to
act
to
the
Life
,
a
very
Zealous
Christian
and
a
Catholick
:
When
,
God
knows
,
my
Heart
keeps
not
time
with
my
Exteriour
Actions
and
Words
.
Not
but
that
there
are
Scepticks
among
the
Christians
,
as
well
as
among
the
True-Belivers
:
But
they
are
generally
very
private
and
reserv'd
:
For
open
Blasphemy
,
or
what
is
reputed
so
here
,
is
certainly
punish'd
with
Death
.
I
sometimes
meet
with
Ingenious
and
Candid
Souls
,
with
whom
I
can
discourse
freely
,
and
like
a
Man
that
doubts
of
many
Things
,
which
others
currantly
believe
.
Yet
we
dare
not
trust
each
other
too
far
,
nor
the
very
Air
into
which
our
Words
vanish
,
after
it
has
help'd
to
form
'em
;
lest
some
sly
envious
Daemon
shou'd
catch
the
transient
sound
,
and
reverberate
the
yet
articulated
Body
of
Particles
which
made
it
,
into
some
Inquisitive
Ear
,
to
ruine
us
.
For
there
are
certain
busie
Gossiping
Eccho's
,
scatter'd
up
and
down
the
Elements
,
which
are
always
listning
to
the
Words
of
Mortals
:
And
if
the
spightful
Elves
can
but
take
Hold
of
any
Syllable
,
to
do
a
Man
an
Injury
,
they
are
big
till
they
have
vented
it
.
Yet
they
make
no
Shew
nor
Noise
,
but
whisper
out
their
Tales
in
Secret
;
sometimes
in
Dead
of
Night
,
when
Men
are
fast
asleep
;
at
other
times
when
they
are
deeply
musing
on
the
hidden
Things
of
Nature
.
For
,
't
is
only
to
the
Wise
,
the
Sage
,
the
Noble
,
and
the
Great
,
that
they
reveal
these
Passages
,
beeause
't
is
such
alone
have
Ears
to
hear
Them
.
They
haunt
the
Bed-Chambers
of
Kings
and
Princes
,
to
tell
'em
News
in
Dreams
.
They
are
the
swiftest
Couriers
in
the
World
:
For
they
have
Wings
,
and
fly
from
Court
to
Court
,
and
from
one
Climate
to
another
in
a
Moments
time
.
They
're
always
buzzing
in
the
Ears
of
Statesmen
and
great
Politicians
,
to
whom
they
shew
the
Dark
Intrigues
of
Foreign
and
Domestick
Enemies
.
Thus
are
Conspiracies
and
Plots
of
Rebels
oft
discover'd
,
tho'
manag'd
ne'er
so
secretly
.
They
visit
,
now
and
then
,
the
Closets
of
Philosophers
,
and
such
as
love
the
Sciences
.
Men
of
abstracted
Souls
;
whose
Thoughts
are
volatile
and
pure
,
their
Phancies
lively
and
vegete
.
To
these
they
unfold
the
covert
Mysteries
of
Nature
,
and
shew
'em
Things
to
come
.
They
frame
th'
Idea's
of
remote
unknown
Events
,
which
they
imprint
upon
the
Ductile
Minds
of
Prophets
and
Holy
Men
;
Inspiring
them
with
strange
and
unaccountable
Presages
of
what
shall
shortly
happen
to
themselves
or
others
,
whether
it
be
Good
or
Evil.
For
these
Busie-bodies
are
the
Daughters
of
the
World
's
great
Soul
;
and
they
inherit
an
Universal
Sense
and
Feeling
of
whatsoever
happens
in
the
Elements
.
'T
is
true
,
some
Knowledge
they
acquire
by
Study
and
Observation
,
even
as
we
Mortals
do
;
but
at
a
far
swifter
Rate
.
Their
Airy
Bodies
do
not
so
oppress
their
Intellectual
Faculties
,
as
our
gross
Hulks
of
Flesh
do
ours
.
We
're
forc'd
to
Dig
and
Plough
,
to
Sow
and
Harrow
for
small
Returns
of
Science
.
Our
Soil
is
barren
,
it
must
be
manur'd
and
cultivated
with
Art
and
Cost
,
before
it
yields
a
tolerable
Harvest
of
what
deserves
the
Name
of
Solid
Knowledge
.
But
these
defecate
Tenants
of
the
Air
,
have
no
more
to
do
,
but
to
be
merely
passive
,
and
they
streight
learn
every
Thing
:
For
the
Eternal
Sapience
wanders
through
the
Universe
,
to
seek
out
such
as
will
or
can
imbibe
her
free
Impressions
.
She
voluntarily
slides
into
receptive
Souls
,
and
fills
them
with
her
Rays
.
Thus
the
Sublimer
Genij
of
the
Air
,
bask
in
an
open
Orb
of
Intellectual
Light
,
because
they
are
embodied
in
the
most
refin'd
and
purest
Matter
:
Whereas
we
Mortals
,
must
be
thankful
for
her
Illuminations
by
Retail
.
She
only
shines
on
us
through
Chinks
and
Cranies
of
our
Dungeon
Flesh
:
And
yet
but
seldom
so
in
direct
Beams
.
Few
Men
can
boast
that
Privilege
.
The
greatest
Part
walk
only
in
the
Uncertain
Twilight
of
Opinion
;
or
at
best
in
the
faint
languid
Glimmerings
of
Humane
Reason
,
which
like
the
Moon
,
conveys
the
Original
Light
of
Science
to
us
by
Reflection
,
and
at
second
Hand
.
We
're
fain
to
learn
from
Books
,
from
Conversation
,
and
Experience
.
Courteous
Hali
,
thou
wilt
pardon
the
Confusedness
and
want
of
Order
in
this
Letter
,
when
thou
shalt
consider
the
Force
of
Melancholy
which
first
prompted
me
to
write
it
.
For
,
being
very
sad
,
and
overcast
with
Clouds
of
dark
and
gloomy
Thoughts
,
which
different
Passions
caus'd
to
justle
one
against
another
in
my
troubl'd
Mind
;
I
knew
not
how
to
escape
the
Tempest
better
than
by
writing
to
thee
,
my
Learned
Friend
,
tho'
only
to
express
my
Circumstances
.
For
when
I
began
,
I
knew
not
what
to
say
;
but
't
was
an
Ease
to
write
at
random
,
any
Thing
to
breath
my
Heart
,
and
ventilate
my
Spleen
.
But
the
Specifick
Remedy
of
my
Grief
consisted
in
addressing
to
thee
,
my
Dear
Physician
,
whose
very
Remembrance
is
a
Catholicon
,
proof
against
all
my
Maladies
.
Adieu
,
thou
Aesculapius
of
the
Ottomans
,
and
live
for
ever
.
Paris
,
15th
.
of
the
8th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
1673.
LETTER
XVIII
.
To
Musu
Abul
Yahyan
,
Professor
of
Philosophy
at
Fez.
THou
shalt
see
,
That
I
am
a
Man
of
my
Word
,
and
will
keep
my
Promise
:
For
this
Dispatch
contains
a
farther
Description
of
Constantinople
,
which
I
engag'd
to
present
thee
with
in
my
last
.
This
Famous
City
is
Sixteen
Miles
in
Circuit
,
and
contains
Nine
Hundred
Thousand
Inhabitants
.
'T
is
divided
into
Three
Parts
,
by
the
Intercourse
of
certain
Arms
of
the
Sea
;
and
almost
forms
the
Figure
of
a
Triangle
.
The
Walls
are
of
an
Incredible
Height
,
and
encompass
Seven
Hills
within
their
Extent
.
One
is
near
the
Grand
Signior's
Serail
:
Another
is
in
the
Opposite
Corner
of
the
City
,
which
leads
to
Adrianople
.
Between
Two
others
,
there
lies
a
Plain
,
which
is
call'd
the
Great
Valley
.
In
this
is
to
be
seen
an
Aqueduct
of
Admirable
Contrivance
and
Structure
,
the
Work
of
Constantine
the
Great
,
who
by
his
convey'd
Water
to
the
City
from
Seven
Miles
distance
.
Solyman
II.
augmented
it
,
by
opening
a
Current
of
Waters
Two
Miles
beyond
the
Source
of
Constantinople
,
which
run
through
Seven
Hundred
and
Forty
Pipes
into
the
City
;
besides
those
which
serve
the
Mosques
,
the
Bathes
,
and
Houses
of
Purification
.
At
the
Extremity
of
the
Town
is
seen
the
Antique
Building
of
a
Fortress
,
which
is
call'd
,
the
Castle
of
the
Seven
Towers
;
a
Work
of
Inimitable
Architecture
.
There
is
a
Garrison
in
it
of
Two
Hundred
and
Fifty
Soldiers
,
not
one
of
which
dares
to
set
his
Foot
out
of
the
Castle
Gates
without
the
Leave
of
the
Vizir
Azem
,
unless
it
be
on
Two
certain
Days
in
the
Year
;
That
is
,
the
First
of
Beiram
and
Ramezan
.
In
this
Place
formerly
the
Ottoman
Emperours
us'd
to
lay
their
Treasures
of
Gold
and
Silver
;
their
Arms
and
Ammunition
,
their
Books
,
and
whatsoever
they
esteem'd
Precious
.
But
Amurat
the
Son
of
Selymus
II.
translated
all
these
Things
into
the
Serail
'
;
where
they
have
been
kept
ever
since
:
And
this
Castle
is
turn'd
into
a
Prison
for
Kings
and
Princes
taken
Captives
by
the
True
Faithful
;
as
also
for
Rebellious
Bassa's
,
and
other
Persons
of
Quality
.
Here
Coresqui
,
Vayvod
of
Moldavia
,
was
shut
up
in
the
Year
1617.
of
the
Christians
Aera
.
And
in
the
Year
1622.
of
the
same
Date
,
the
Rebellious
Janizaries
Imprisoned
their
Sovereign
Lord
,
Sultan
Osman
,
whom
afterwards
they
strangl'd
in
the
same
Place
.
There
are
above
Two
Thousand
Mosques
,
Oratories
,
and
Sepulchres
within
the
Walls
of
Constantinople
.
I
have
already
describ'd
that
of
Aia-Sophian
,
in
my
last
.
It
remains
now
,
that
I
speak
of
Four
others
,
built
by
some
of
our
former
Emperors
.
The
First
and
Chiefest
,
was
built
by
Sultan
Mahomet
II.
to
express
his
Gratitude
to
God
for
the
Taking
of
Constantinople
.
It
is
a
Magnificent
Structure
,
rais'd
according
to
the
Pattern
of
Sancta
Sophia
.
He
caus'd
a
Hundred
stately
Chambers
to
be
built
round
about
it
,
both
for
the
Service
of
the
Imaum's
and
Mollah's
who
belong
to
the
Mosch
;
and
for
the
Entertainment
of
Strangers
,
let
them
be
of
what
Nation
or
Religion
soever
.
He
rais'd
also
Fifty
other
Chambers
without
these
;
for
the
Use
of
the
Poor
:
And
endowed
the
Mosque
with
Sixty
Thousand
Duckats
of
Yearly
Revenue
.
The
Second
Mosque
was
built
by
Bajazet
II.
the
Son
of
this
Mahomet
.
The
Third
was
built
by
Selymus
I.
The
Fourth
by
Solyman
the
Magnificent
.
The
Three
last
of
these
Princes
lie
buried
,
each
in
his
own
Mosch
,
under
Monuments
of
a
Superb
Figure
:
Innumerable
Lamps
burning
over
them
and
round
about
them
,
night
and
day
,
whilst
certain
.
Mollah's
pray
by
Turns
,
without
ceasing
,
for
the
Health
of
the
Departed
Royal
Souls
.
But
the
last
of
these
Moschs
which
was
built
,
as
I
have
said
,
by
Sultan
Solyman
;
far
exceeds
all
the
Rest
,
and
comes
not
short
of
Sancta
Sophia
,
in
the
Richness
of
Marble
,
Porphyry
,
and
other
excellent
Materials
.
The
Greeks
have
Forty
Churches
and
Chapels
in
Constantinople
,
where
they
perform
the
Nazarene
Worship
.
The
Armenians
have
Four
.
Those
of
the
Latin
Communion
have
but
One
,
with
a
College
annex'd
to
it
for
a
certain
Number
of
Jesuits
.
This
is
seated
in
Pera
,
which
is
a
kind
of
Suburb
to
Constantinople
.
The
Jews
have
great
Liberty
in
the
Imperial
City
.
Their
Habitations
are
Contiguous
,
taking
up
Nine
Principal
Streets
,
and
they
have
Eight
and
Thirty
Synagogues
.
The
Walls
of
the
City
remain
very
entire
,
and
are
double
toward
the
Land
.
There
are
Nineteen
Gates
in
them
;
One
of
which
is
call'd
the
Holy
Gate
,
in
Respect
of
a
vast
Multitude
of
Christian
Saints
who
lie
buried
in
a
Chapel
hard
by
it
.
It
was
through
this
Gate
,
that
Mahomet
II.
made
his
Triumphant
Entry
into
Constantinople
,
on
Purpose
,
as
it
were
,
to
prophane
the
reputed
Sanctity
of
the
Place
,
and
insult
o'er
their
False
Gods
;
whilst
he
came
to
establish
the
Law
and
Worship
of
the
Only
True
God
;
Creator
of
Heaven
and
Earth
.
There
are
Abundance
of
Antique
Monuments
in
the
City
,
as
Pyramids
and
Obelisks
of
Admirable
Figure
and
Contrivance
.
In
one
Place
,
there
are
Three
Serpents
of
Marble
,
stretching
themselves
to
the
Height
of
Two
Men
,
and
mutually
twisting
about
each
other
.
The
Report
goes
,
That
these
were
erected
by
a
Magician
,
at
a
Time
when
the
Citizens
were
much
infested
with
Living
Serpents
,
and
that
by
this
Enchantment
they
were
freed
.
One
of
these
has
a
Wound
in
the
Neck
,
which
was
given
it
by
Mahomet
II.
when
he
rode
into
the
Vanquish'd
City
.
For
,
he
beholding
the
Horrid
Idol
,
and
guessing
right
,
that
it
was
the
Work
of
some
Magician
,
was
mov'd
with
Holy
Zeal
and
Indignation
.
Wherefore
,
couching
his
Spear
,
and
giving
Spurs
to
his
Horse
,
he
ran
full
Tilt
against
it
,
and
wounded
one
of
the
Serpents
in
the
Neck
,
which
is
seen
to
this
Day
.
In
the
same
Pavement
there
stands
a
very
Elegant
Column
of
Rustick
Workmanship
,
as
they
call
it
:
The
Marbles
of
which
it
consists
,
being
fastned
together
without
the
Intervention
of
Mortar
,
Bitumen
,
or
any
other
Cement
.
It
has
within
a
winding
Stair-Case
,
by
which
one
may
go
up
to
the
Top.
In
this
Place
,
which
is
call'd
the
Hippodrome
,
the
Ottoman
Grandees
exercise
themselves
on
Horseback
,
and
sometimes
the
Grand
Signior
himself
:
Especially
on
great
Festivals
.
Round
about
it
,
there
are
above
Two
Thousand
little
Shops
of
Taylors
or
Botchers
,
for
the
Use
of
those
who
would
have
their
Garments
mended
,
scowr'd
and
polish'd
at
a
small
Price
.
And
yet
out
of
this
so
contemptible
a
Trade
,
the
Grand
Signior
receives
a
Yearly
Custom
of
Eleven
Thousand
Zequins
.
By
this
thou
may'st
take
an
Estimate
of
his
other
Revenues
,
which
flow
into
his
Coffers
from
all
Parts
of
so
vast
an
Empire
.
There
are
above
Fourty
Thousand
Ware-Houses
and
Shops
of
Merchants
,
Brokers
,
Pedlars
,
Hucksters
,
and
such
like
Callings
:
Each
Trade
having
their
proper
Bazar
,
or
Mercat
,
according
to
the
Quality
of
the
Goods
they
sell
.
But
there
is
one
more
Eminent
than
all
the
rest
,
which
is
called
Baystan
;
where
be
Goldsmiths
,
Jewellers
,
and
such
as
deal
in
any
Manner
of
fine
and
costly
Things
.
This
Place
is
environ'd
with
very
strong
Walls
,
Six
Foot
Thick
,
and
is
shut
up
every
Night
by
Four
double
Gates
,
and
at
other
Times
,
as
Occasion
requires
:
So
that
it
looks
like
a
Little
well-fortified
Town
.
In
this
wealthy
Mercat
,
there
is
a
Gallery
or
Piazza
neatly
arch'd
and
supported
by
Twenty
Four
Pillars
.
Under
this
,
there
are
Abundance
of
little
Shops
,
Six
Foot
long
,
and
Four
in
Breadth
.
Here
all
those
precious
Commodities
are
expos'd
to
Sale
on
Tables
or
Counters
,
and
with
their
Lustre
dazle
the
Eyes
of
such
as
pass
by
.
Thou
may'st
also
conjecture
at
the
vast
Gains
of
these
Merchants
,
by
the
Rates
which
they
pay
to
the
Grand
Signior
,
only
for
their
License
to
sell
in
this
Place
.
I
have
known
one
Man
,
that
was
my
particular
Acquaintance
,
give
Yearly
Two
Thousand
Franks
for
this
Liberty
;
and
he
told
me
,
That
no
Man
cou'd
enjoy
the
Freedom
of
the
Place
under
that
Price
,
unless
he
had
great
Favour
shewn
him
,
which
is
very
rare
;
and
even
then
it
wou'd
not
be
much
abated
.
As
one
passes
from
this
Mercat
one
way
,
there
arises
a
stately
Column
of
Porphyry
,
begirt
in
many
Places
with
Iron
Hoops
:
And
little
distant
you
see
another
more
Lofty
than
this
:
It
is
call'd
the
Historical
Column
,
being
engraven
all
over
with
the
Figures
of
Men.
In
this
also
,
there
is
a
Stair-Case
to
the
Top
,
but
much
broken
,
and
in
Danger
of
falling
,
if
it
were
not
strengthen'd
and
held
together
with
vast
Hoops
of
Iron
.
The
next
thing
worthy
to
be
seen
,
is
the
Old
Palace
of
Constantine
the
Great
:
Worthy
I
say
to
be
seen
,
only
for
its
Antiquity
;
for
it
is
no
very
Elegant
Building
;
yet
it
has
this
Commendation
,
That
it
stands
in
the
purest
and
most
wholsome
Air
of
the
whole
City
.
There
is
another
Mercat
also
wall'd
in
,
besides
that
of
the
Goldsmiths
,
&c.
Which
has
a
Piazza
supported
by
Sixteen
Pillars
.
In
this
are
sold
all
manner
of
Silks
.
And
a
little
way
off
from
this
,
is
the
Bazar
,
where
they
sell
Slaves
.
So
great
are
the
Gains
of
this
Traffick
,
that
those
who
use
it
,
pay
to
the
Grand
Signior
,
by
way
of
Custom
,
the
Yearly
Sum
of
Sixteen
Thousand
Zequins
.
The
Vintners
,
Victuallers
,
and
Sutlers
,
who
sell
Wine
to
the
Christians
and
Jews
,
and
privately
to
the
Mussulmans
,
pay
Yearly
Fifty
Eight
Thousand
,
Seven
Hundred
and
Eighty
Eight
Zequins
.
The
very
Fisher-men
of
Constantinople
who
live
along
the
Strand
,
pay
the
Yearly
Sum
of
Twenty
Nine
Thousand
Three
Hundred
Ninety
Four
Zequins
.
The
Corn-Market
,
where
all
Sorts
of
Grain
,
Pulse
,
Meal
and
Flower
are
sold
,
pays
Yearly
into
the
Treasury
14
Purses
of
Money
,
each
Purse
being
worth
a
Thousand
Six
Hundred
,
Thirty
and
Three
Zequins
.
The
Egyptian
Merchants
,
who
bring
their
Goods
from
Alcaire
to
sell
them
at
Constantinople
,
pay
24
Purses
.
The
Fraught
of
all
Foreign
Merchant
Ships
,
makes
up
180
Purses
of
Gold
.
I
have
mention'd
the
Value
of
each
Purse
before
.
The
Great
Shambles
without
the
City
,
pays
32
Purses
.
There
serve
in
this
Place
200
Butchers
;
over
whom
there
is
a
Praefect
or
Master
,
without
whose
Consent
no
Man
can
kill
any
Beast
,
unless
it
be
in
the
Case
of
Corban
.
Nay
,
so
great
is
the
Authority
of
this
Praefect
,
that
the
Jews
themselves
are
forc'd
to
ask
his
Leave
to
kill
their
Beasts
after
their
own-Fashion
.
The
Reason
why
the
Shambles
is
without
the
City
is
for
Purity's
Sake
,
lest
the
City
be
polluted
with
Blood
.
It
is
Impossible
to
cast
up
the
Prodigious
Revenue
which
arises
to
the
Grand
Signior
from
the
Sale
of
Hungarian
Sheep
and
Oxen
in
the
10th
.
and
11th
.
Moons
.
But
thou
may'st
comprehend
that
it
is
very
Great
,
when
sometimes
in
one
Days
time
there
are
sold
25000
Oxen
,
and
40000
Sheep
.
Neither
is
it
more
easie
to
reckon
up
his
Incomes
from
the
Sale
of
Houses
,
Skiffs
,
Galleys
,
Saicks
,
and
bigger
Vessels
.
Besides
,
it
would
be
too
tedious
for
one
Letter
.
What
shall
I
say
of
the
Tribute
which
the
Jews
and
Christians
pay
,
amounting
Yearly
to
a
Prodigious
Sum
of
Money
?
Time
,
Paper
,
Ink
,
and
Human
Patience
it self
would
fail
,
in
rehearsing
so
many
Particularities
.
But
thou
may'st
frame
a
Regular
Judgment
of
the
Immense
Riches
which
the
Grand
Signior
is
possess'd
of
;
when
thou
shalt
know
,
that
there
is
a
Mint
in
the
Imperial
City
where
Four
Hundred
Men
perpetually
labour
in
coining
new
Money
,
having
a
President
or
Overseer
who
supervises
the
Work
,
who
must
be
a
Graecian
,
by
a
special
Privilege
granted
to
that
Nation
by
our
Munificent
Emperors
;
because
the
Mines
of
Silver
and
Gold
,
are
within
the
Limits
of
the
Graecian
Empire
.
So
that
none
but
Greeks
are
admitted
to
assist
at
this
curious
Artifice
.
The
President
is
oblig'd
every
New
Moon
to
send
into
the
Serail
Ten
Thousand
Zequins
of
Gold
,
and
Twenty
Thousand
in
Silver
.
For
such
is
the
Pleasure
of
the
Great
Sultan
,
that
the
Royal
Palace
should
always
abound
with
fair
New
Money
.
Sage
Musu
,
assure
thy self
,
that
Constantinople
is
the
Grand
Treasury
,
Exchequer
,
or
Banque
of
the
whole
Earth
:
Where
all
the
Riches
of
the
East
,
West
,
North
and
South
,
and
of
the
Seven
Climates
,
are
refunded
and
laid
up
as
in
their
proper
Center
.
But
I
have
more
to
say
in
another
Letter
concerning
this
Glorious
City
.
Only
Time
just
now
gave
me
a
Prick
with
the
end
of
his
Scyth
,
to
put
me
in
Mind
of
an
Urgent
Affair
not
to
be
neglected
this
moment
.
Wherefore
in
hast
Adieu
.
Paris
,
21st
.
of
the
8th
.
Moon
,
of
the
Year
,
1673.