See Poplar .

The Root has many thick Fibres , bound together ; especially if it grows in good Ground . It tastes at first sweet , but leaves an Acrimony and Bitterness on the Palate . It has a tender Stalk , about an Hand high , which sustains one Leaf , that is Oyly , and without Nerves ; sometimes narrow and somewhat long , sometimes broad somewhat round and erect ; of a sweetish and clammy taste . A two-fork'd Tongue rises from the Leaf where 't is joyn'd to the Stalk , which grows sharp by degrees , and is a little indented . 'T is common in Meadows , and moist Pastures . It springs in April , and fades in July .

'T is an excellent Wound-Herb , either taken inwardly , or outwardly applied . For Ruptures , or Bursten Bellies , Take as much of the Powder of the dry'd Leaves as will lye on a Six-pence , or less , according to the Age of the Party , in two Ounces of Horse-tail , or Oak-bud-water , sweetned with Syrup of Quinces . Use it every Morning for the space of fifteen Days . But before you enter upon the Use of this , or any other Medicine , the Gut , if it fall into the Cod , must be reduc'd by a Chirurgeon , and a Truss must be worn to keep it up , and the Party must avoid all violent Motions , and lie as much as may be in Bed , or on a Couch . Fabritius Hildanus says , That some have been cured of great Ruptures by lying in Bed , when they could be cured no other way .

The Oyl of it , made in the following manner , is full as good for Wounds and Ulcers as that of St. John's-wort : Take one handful of the Leaves , pound them in a Stone-Mortar , and boil them in a Pint of Oyl of Olives 'till they are dry ; strain it , and keep it for use .

Most commonly it has but one Stalk , two or three Foot high , and sometimes much higher . 'T is round , hairy , full of Pith , surrounded with Leaves plac'd at a distance alternately , above an Hand in length . The Leaves consist , for the most part , of four little Leaves , wing'd on both sides , and much indented all about ; they have Veins , and are hairy , but the Down is not very conspicuous ; they taste a little acrid , and are somewhat styptick . The Flowers smell sweet ; they grow alternately to the Shaft , in a long Series ; and upon the Top-branches , like an Ear of Corn. They are of a Saffron-colour , and are compos'd of five Leaves ; at the Basis of every Leaf there are two Ears that embrace the Stalk . The Root is blackish , thick , and of an astringent Taste .

It cleanses and strengthens the Blood , and opens Obstructions of the Liver ; wherefore 't is good in Dropsies , for an ill Habit of Body , and the Jaundice . Let those that are afflicted with these Diseases use for their ordinary Drink , Ale or Beer wherein the Leaves of Agrimony have been infus'd . For instance ; Put eight handfuls of the Leaves into a Vessel containing four Gallons , drink of it when it is clear . 'T is used outwardly in Baths and Lotions .

The Powder of the dried Leaves is much commended by Riverius to prevent involuntary Urine . Take of the Powder half a Dram , of Conserve of Roses a sufficient quantity ; make a Bolus to be taken at Bed-time , for the space of three Weeks .

'T is large , and spreads much if it like the place it grows in : The Bark is brown , and the Wood redder than Elm or Yew ; the Branches are very easily broken ; the Bark of the Branches is of a brownish Colour and spotted , and yellowish within , and tastes bitter and unpleasant : The Wood is white , and full of Pith : The Leaves are broad , round , and nervous , and somewhat like the Leaves of the Hasel-tree ; they are indented , green , shining , and clammy . It bears short , brown Aglets , like the Beech or Birch-tree . It grows near Water .

The green Leaves of this Tree applied to Tumours , discusses them , and takes off Inflammations . Being put into Travellers Shooes , they ease Pain , and remove Weariness . A black Colour , like Ink , is made with the Bark of Alder , rubb'd off with a rusty Iron , and infus'd in Water for some Days . Some use it to dye .

'T is a small Tree , which sends forth many streight Twigs from the Roots , about three Yards high , of the thickness of the Thumb , divided into tender Branches . The outward Bark is brown , but sprinkled with Sky-colour'd Spots ; which being taken off , another appears of a Saffron-colour . The Substance of the Wood is clear , and easily broken ; nigh the middle 't is brownish , and has a great deal of Pith. The Leaves are somewhat round , and end in an obtuse Point , and are of a shining dark-green Colour . The Flowers are small and palish . The Berries are first green , then red , and at last black , and of an unpleasant Taste . 'T is often found in moist , woody Places .

The yellow and middle Bark , beaten with Vinegar , cures the Itch in a few Days .

The inward Bark , especially of the Root , purges Watery Humours ; for which Reason 't is good in a Dropsie : But it ought to be dried in the Shade , because when it is green it occasions Vomiting : And the Decoction of it ought to stand two or three Days before 't is used .

It has a thick Root that is white within ; it smells sweet , and tastes acrid , and somewhat bitter . The Stalk is above a Yard high , full , branchy , channell'd , and somewhat red . The Leaves are larger than the Leaves of Marsh-Smallage , and the Pieces rounder : They are of a deep Green ; they taste sweetish , and like Garden-Smallage . It has Tufts or Umbels of white Flowers . The Seed is thick , black , and channell'd .

'T is frequently used in Broths in the Spring-time , to cleanse the Blood , and strengthen the Stomach . The Root pickled is a good Sauce . Half a Dram of the Seeds powder'd , and taken in White-wine , provokes Urine .

The Herb it self , but especially the Root and Seed , are hot and dry . It opens and attenuates , and is Sudorifick and Vulnerary . It moves the Courses , hastens Delivery , is good for Mother-fits , and in malignant Diseases , and for the Plague ; and it expels Poison . The Root of it is allow'd by all Physicians to be very cordial and Alexipharmick .

The English Apples being accounted the best in Europe , I will mention particularly those that are most esteem'd amongst us .

The English Apricocks are better than the French or Italian , and more wholsome than the Peach . The Oyl of the Kernels is excellent for Inflammations , and Swellings of the Hemorrhoids ; and for Pains of the Ears . The Kernels eaten , cure the Heart-burning .

It has many fibrous Roots , it creeps awry in the Earth like Mint ; the Stalks are a Foot or two Foot high , four-square , and pretty large ; but they are smaller near the Earth , and weak , so that they can scarce stand alone : They are empty , pretty hairy and branchy , and have a few Joints , and near the Earth seem of a Purple Colour when the Sun shines on them . The Leaves are plac'd by Pairs , opposite to one another , like Nettles ; those on the Bottom-stalks are plac'd on long Foot-stalks , those on the Top-stalks on short Foot-stalks , and have a short soft Down . The Flowers encompass the Stalks at the Joints ; they are white , large , and hooded , without rather pale than white . It flowers at the Latter End of April , or the Beginning of May.

One handful of the Herb , beaten up with Hog's Lard , and applied to King's-Evil-Swellings in the Neck or Throat , discusses them . A Conserve of the Flowers is much commended in the Whites : But the Cure of them by the following Method is much safer and surer .

Bleed once , and purge thrice with two Scruples of Pill Coch. Major . Then take of Venice-Treacle one Ounce and an half , of the Conserve of the yellow Pill of Oranges one Ounce , of Diascordium half an Ounce , of Candied Ginger and Nutmegs , each three Drams ; of the Compound Powder of Crabs-eyes one Dram and an half ; of the outward Bark of the Pomegranate , of the Root of Spanish Angelica , of Red Coral prepar'd , of the Trochisc , de Terra Lemnia , each one Dram ; of Bole-Armenick two Scruples , of Gum-Arabick half a Dram , with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of dried Roses : Make an Electuary . Take the quantity of a large Nutmeg in the Morning , at Five in the Afternoon , and at Bed-time ; drinking upon it six Spoonfuls of the following Infusion .

Take of the Roots Elecampane , Master-Wort , Angelica and Gentian , each half an Ounce ; of the Leaves of Roman-Wormwood , of White Arch-Angel , and the lesser Centory , and Calamint , each one handful ; of Juniper-berries one Ounce : Cut them small , and infuse them in five Pints of Canary : Let them stand in Infusion , and strain it only as you use it .

'T is easily known by its stinking Smell , which is exactly like Old Ling. It grows in Places where there is Rubbish , but it is not common . A Conserve of the Leaves , or Syrup made of the Juice , is good for Mother-fits , and Women's Obstructions , the quantity of a Nutmeg of the Conserve being taken Morning and Evening , or two Spoonfuls of the Syrup at the same Times . But the following Plaster must be applied to the Woman's Navel .

Take of Galbanum , dissolv'd in Tincture of Castor , and strain'd , three Drams ; of Tacamahaca two Drams : Mingle them , and make a Plaster , and spread it on Leather , having an Hole cut in the middle .

The Woman must be also purg'd three or four times with the Pill Coch. Major , viz. Take of the Pill Coch. Major two Scruples , of Castor powder'd two Grains , of the Peruvian Balsam four Drops : Make four Pills , to be taken at Five in the Morning , and let her sleep after them .

It has a single , small , woody , white Root , with many Fibres . It has many Stalks , a Foot or two Foot high , solid , round and smooth , branchy and jointed : When the Sun shines on them they are of a reddish Colour , otherwise of a yellow Green . The Leaves embrace the Stalks at the Joints , and are plac'd on short Foot-stalks : They are of a pale Green , not spotted , smooth : They are like Peach-leaves . The Flowers grow upon the upper Stalks and Branches , in spiky Heads , and are very small . Some of them are useless , no Seed succeeding them ; these consist of four Leaves . Others are always shut , and contain a pretty large , three-square , shining Seed that is black when 't is ripe ; and these are red without . This Plant has an acrid and biting Taste : It grows in watry Places , and Ditches .

'T is plainly hot and dry : 'T is chiefly used outwardly in Wounds , hard Swellings , and old Sores .

The Water of Arsmart is of great use in the Stone of the Kidnies or Bladder , a Draught of it being taken every Morning for two or three Months together . A Country-Gentleman us'd a Load of this Herb in a Year to make the Water , wherewith he cured many of the Stone . The Root or Seed put into an aching hollow Tooth , takes off the Pain . There is scarce any thing more effectual to drive away Flies : For , whatever Wounds or Ulcers Cattel have , if they are anointed with the Juice of Arsmart , the Flies will not come near , tho it is the Heat of Summer .

The Germans and French eat the tender Stalks boyl'd , with Vinegar and Butter : And the Italians seldom boyl the Heads , but eat them raw , with Salt , Oyl and Pepper . They are said to provoke Venery , to restore Nature , and strengthen the Stomach . A Decoction of the Buds provokes Urine .

It has many Heads shooting from the Roots , whereon are many smooth Leaves , every one upon a Foot-stalk by it self : They are rounder and bigger than the Leaves of Violets , and thicker ; and of a darker green shining Colour on the upper side , and of a paler Green underneath . Among the Leaves near the Earth are six-angled purplish Husks , that are hairy , and plac'd on short Foot-stalks ; these contain the Seeds , that are like the Stones of Grapes . They have within a white Marrow , that tastes somewhat acrid .

It purges violently , upwards and downwards , Flegm and Choler . 'T is Diuretick also , and forces the Courses : Wherefore Wenches use the Decoction of it too frequently , when they think they are with Child . 'T is good in the Dropsie and Jaundice .

Take of the Leaves of Asarabacca six , seven , eight , or nine ; bruise them , and pour upon them three Ounces of White-wine ; strain it . Take it in the Morning , or at Four in the Afternoon : Drink large Draughts of Posset-drink after every time it vomits . Or ,

Take of the Powder of the Root one Dram , or four Scruples ; Oxymel of Squils one Ounce and an half ; mingle them , and take it in a draught of Posset-drink . Use Posset-drink in the Working of it , as above-directed .

The Seed of the Ash powder'd , and taken in Wine , forces Urine . The Juice of three or four Leaves taken every Morning , makes those lean that are fat . The Bark and the Wood dry and attenuate , and are supposed to soften the hardness of the Spleen by a Specifick Quality . The Juice of the Leaves and tender Twigs , taken in the Morning daily , in a small quantity , is said to do good in Dropsies . One Dram of the Seeds powder'd , and taken in Wine , is also beneficial in the Dropsie . The Salt of it provokes Sweat and Urine .

The Root grows oblique , sending down sometimes thick Fibres into the Earth . 'T is of an Aromatick taste and Smell , like July-flowers . Several Stalks rise from the same Root , two Foot high , or higher , round , hairy , small , and full of Pith , garnish'd with Leaves plac'd alternately ; they are branchy at the top . The Leaves that come from the Root are hairy and winged , small Wings being here and there joyned to the Middle-rib . The Extremity of the Leaf is cut in deep . The Leaves that are on the Stalks consist of two Wings that are pretty large , which adhere to the Stalk at the Basis of the Foot-stalk , as if they were Ears ; and they have three Jags at the End , almost like a Bramble . The Flower does not come from the Bosom of the Leaf , but grows opposite to it , and has long Foot-stalks , and five yellow Leaves , like Tormentil . The Cup is composed of ten Leaves ; five large , five small . Many yellow Threads stand round the Head , which grows into a roundish Bur , compos'd of a great many Seeds , placed thick together ; each of them has a Tail that turns back at the End , whereby they stick to Clothes . It grows in Hedges and Bushes , and flowers in May or June .

'T is somewhat astringent ; it strengthens , and discusses ; 't is Cephalick and Cordial , and resists Poisons . 'T is chiefly used inwardly to cure Catarrhs , and for quickening the Blood when it is coagulated . Wine wherein the Root has been infus'd has a fine pleasant Taste and Smell : It chears the Heart , and opens Obstructions . The Root infus'd in Beer is excellent for strengthening the Joints and Bowels . Two Ounces of the Root , or an Handful of the Herb , boyl'd in a Quart of Water or Posset-drink , to the Consumption of a fourth Part , has been us'd successfully in curing Agues , especially Tertians , being taken two Hours before the Fit , or in the Fit .