THE
LIFE
OF
Charles
I.
CHARLES
I.
King
of
Great
Britain
,
France
and
Ireland
,
was
the
Son
of
James
VI.
King
of
Scots
,
and
Anne
his
Wife
a
Daughter
of
Denmark
.
By
His
Father
descended
to
him
all
the
Rights
(
together
with
their
blood
)
of
all
our
Ancient
both
Saxon
and
Norman
Kings
to
this
Empire
.
For
the
Lady
Margaret
,
Sister
and
sole
Heir
of
Edgar
Atheling
the
last
surviving
Prince
of
the
English
Saxons
,
being
married
to
Malcolme
Conmor
King
of
Scots
,
conveyed
to
his
Line
the
Saxon
,
and
Margaret
Daughter
of
Henry
VII
.
married
to
James
IV.
did
bring
the
Norman
Titles
and
Blood
.
From
this
Imperial
Extract
He
received
not
more
Honour
than
He
gave
to
it
.
For
the
blood
that
was
derived
to
Him
elaborated
through
so
many
Royal
veins
,
He
delivered
to
Posterity
more
maturated
for
Glory
,
and
by
a
constant
practice
of
Goodness
more
habituated
for
Vertue
.
He
was
born
at
Dunfermeling
,
one
of
the
principal
Towns
of
Fife
in
Scotland
,
on
November
19.
[
Anno
1600.
]
in
so
much
weakness
,
that
His
Baptism
was
hastened
without
the
usual
Ceremonies
wherewith
such
Royal
Infants
are
admitted
into
the
Church
.
Providence
seeming
to
consecrate
Him
to
Sufferings
from
the
Womb
,
and
to
accustom
Him
to
the
exchange
of
the
strictures
of
Greatness
for
clouds
of
Tears
.
There
was
no
observation
nor
augury
made
at
His
Birth
concerning
the
sequel
of
His
Life
or
course
of
Fortune
(
which
are
usually
related
of
such
whose
lives
have
different
occurrences
from
those
in
others
of
the
same
state
.
)
Either
the
fear
of
His
Death
made
those
about
Him
less
observant
of
any
Circumstances
which
curious
minds
would
have
formed
into
a
Prediction
,
He
appearing
like
a
Star
that
rises
so
near
the
point
of
his
setting
,
that
it
was
thought
there
would
be
no
time
for
calculation
.
Or
He
being
at
distance
by
His
Birth
from
the
Succession
to
the
Crown
(
Prince
Henry
then
having
the
first
hopes
)
made
men
less
solicitous
to
enquire
of
His
future
state
,
on
whom
,
being
born
to
a
private
Condition
,
the
Fate
of
the
Kingdom
did
not
depend
.
But
in
the
third
year
of
His
age
,
when
King
James
was
preparing
himself
to
remove
to
the
English
Throne
,
a
certain
Laird
of
the
Highlands
,
though
of
very
great
age
,
came
to
the
Court
to
take
his
leave
of
him
,
whom
he
found
accompanied
with
all
his
Children
.
After
his
address
full
of
affectionate
and
sage
Advice
(
to
which
his
gray
hairs
gave
authority
)
to
the
King
;
his
next
application
was
to
Duke
CHARLES
[
Anno
1602.
]
(
for
in
the
second
year
of
His
age
He
was
created
Duke
of
Albany
,
Marquess
of
Ormond
,
Earl
of
Ross
,
and
Baron
of
Ardmanock
)
whose
hands
he
kiss'd
with
so
great
an
ardencie
of
affection
,
that
he
seemed
forgetful
of
a
separation
.
The
King
,
to
correct
his
supposed
mistake
,
advised
him
to
a
more
present
observance
of
Prince
Henry
,
as
the
Heir
of
his
Crown
,
of
whom
he
had
taken
little
notice
.
The
old
Laird
answered
that
he
knew
well
enough
what
he
did
,
and
that
It
was
this
Child
(
who
was
then
in
His
Nurses
arms
)
who
should
convey
his
name
and
memory
to
the
succeeding
ages
.
This
then
was
conceived
dotage
;
but
the
event
gave
it
the
credit
of
a
Prophecie
,
and
confirmed
that
opinion
,
That
some
long-experienced
souls
in
the
world
,
before
their
dislodging
,
arrive
to
the
height
of
prophetick
Spirits
.
[
Anno
1603.
]
When
He
was
three
years
old
He
was
committed
to
the
Care
and
Governance
of
Sir
Robert
Cary's
Lady
,
as
a
reward
for
being
the
first
Messenger
of
Queen
Elizabeth's
death
,
whose
long
life
had
worn
the
expectation
of
the
Scotish
Nobility
into
a
suspicion
,
that
the
Lords
of
England
would
never
acknowledge
her
to
be
dead
as
long
as
there
was
any
old
Woman
of
that
Nation
that
could
wear
good
cloaths
,
and
personate
the
Majesty
of
a
Queen
.
[
Anno
1604.
]
In
the
fourth
year
,
after
He
had
wrestled
with
a
Feaver
,
He
was
brought
in
October
to
the
English
Court
at
Windsor
,
where
on
January
6.
following
,
having
the
day
before
been
made
Knight
of
the
Bath
,
He
was
invested
with
the
Title
of
Duke
of
York
,
and
in
the
sixth
year
[
Anno
1606.
]
was
committed
to
the
Pedagogy
of
Mr.
Thomas
Murray
,
a
person
well
qualified
to
that
Office
,
though
a
favourer
of
Presbytery
.
Under
this
Tutor
,
and
consined
to
a
retiredness
by
the
present
weakness
of
His
body
,
He
was
so
diligent
and
studious
,
that
He
far
advanced
in
all
that
kind
of
Learning
which
is
necessary
for
a
Prince
,
without
which
even
their
natural
Endowments
s●em
rough
and
unpleasant
in
despight
of
the
splendour
of
their
Fortune
.
His
proficiency
in
Letters
was
so
eminent
,
that
Prince
Henry
taking
notice
of
it
,
to
put
a
jest
upon
Him
,
one
day
put
the
Cap
of
the
Archbishop
Abbot
,
(
who
was
then
,
with
the
Prince
and
the
Duke
and
other
of
the
Nobility
,
waiting
in
the
Privy
Chamber
for
the
King
's
coming
out
)
on
his
Brother's
head
;
adding
,
that
If
He
continued
a
good
Boy
,
and
followed
His
book
,
he
would
make
Him
one
day
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
.
Which
the
Child
took
in
such
disdain
,
that
He
threw
the
Cap
on
the
ground
,
and
trampled
it
under
His
feet
with
so
much
eagerness
,
that
He
could
hardly
be
restrained
.
Which
Passion
was
afterward
taken
by
some
overcurious
as
a
presage
of
the
ruine
of
Episcopacy
by
His
Power
.
But
the
event
shewed
it
was
not
ominous
to
the
Order
,
but
to
the
Person
of
the
Archbishop
,
whom
in
His
Reign
He
suspended
from
the
administration
of
His
Office
.
[
Anno
1611.
]
In
His
eleventh
year
He
was
made
Knight
of
the
Garter
:
and
in
the
twelfth
Prince
Henry
dying
November
6.
[
1612.
]
He
succeeded
him
in
the
Dukedom
of
Cornwal
and
the
Regalities
thereof
;
and
attended
his
Funeral
as
chief
Mouraer
,
on
Decemb.
7.
On
the
14.
of
February
following
He
performed
the
Office
of
Brideman
to
the
Princess
Elizabeth
His
Sister
,
who
on
that
day
was
married
to
Frederick
V.
Prince
Elector
Palatine
;
the
gayeties
of
which
day
were
afterwards
attended
with
many
fatal
Cares
and
Expences
.
His
Childhood
was
blemished
with
a
supposed
Obstinacy
:
for
the
weakness
of
His
body
inclining
Him
to
retirements
,
and
the
imperfection
of
His
speech
rendring
discourse
tedious
and
unpleasant
,
He
was
suspected
to
be
somewhat
perverse
.
But
more
age
and
strength
fitting
Him
for
manlike
Exercises
,
and
the
Publick
hopes
inviting
Him
from
His
Privacies
,
He
delivered
the
world
of
such
fears
:
for
applying
Himself
to
action
,
He
grew
so
perfect
in
Vaulting
,
riding
the
great
Horse
,
running
at
the
Ring
,
shooting
in
Cross-bows
,
Muskets
,
and
sometimes
in
great
Pieces
of
Ordnance
,
that
if
Principality
had
been
to
be
the
reward
of
Excellency
in
those
Arts
,
He
would
have
had
a
Title
to
the
Crown
this
way
also
;
being
thought
the
best
Marks-man
and
most
graceful
Manager
of
the
great
Horse
in
the
three
Kingdoms
.
His
tenacious
humor
He
left
with
His
retirements
,
none
being
more
desirous
of
good
counsel
,
nor
any
more
obsequious
when
He
found
it
;
yea
,
too
distrustful
of
His
own
Judgment
,
which
the
issue
of
things
proved
always
best
when
it
was
followed
.
[
Anno
1616.
]
When
he
was
sixteen
years
old
,
on
Novemb.
3.
He
was
created
Prince
of
Wales
,
Earl
of
Chester
and
Flint
,
the
Revenues
thereof
being
assigned
to
maintain
His
Court
which
was
then
formed
for
Him
.
And
being
thus
advanced
in
Years
and
State
,
it
was
expected
that
He
should
no
longer
retain
the
Modesty
which
the
shades
of
His
Privacy
had
accustomed
Him
unto
,
but
now
appear
as
the
immediate
Instrument
of
Empire
,
and
that
by
Him
the
Favours
and
Honours
of
the
Court
should
be
derived
to
others
.
But
though
Providence
had
changed
all
about
,
yet
it
had
changed
nothing
within
Him
;
and
He
thought
it
glory
enough
to
be
great
without
the
diminution
of
others
;
for
He
still
permitted
the
Ministry
of
State
to
His
Fathers
Favourites
:
which
gave
occasion
of
discourse
to
the
Speculativi
.
Some
thought
He
did
it
to
avoid
the
Jealousies
of
the
Old
King
,
(
which
were
conceived
to
have
been
somewhat
raised
by
the
popularity
of
Prince
Henry
,
whose
breast
was
full
of
forward
Hopes
)
For
Young
Princes
are
deemed
of
an
impatient
Ambition
,
and
Old
ones
to
be
too
nice
and
tender
of
their
Power
;
in
which
though
they
are
contented
with
a
Successor
(
as
they
must
have
)
yet
are
afraid
of
a
Partner
.
And
it
was
supposed
that
therefore
K.
James
had
raised
Car
and
Buckingham
,
like
Comets
to
dim
the
lustre
of
these
rising
Stars
.
But
these
were
mistaken
in
the
nature
of
that
King
,
who
was
enclined
to
contract
a
private
friendship
,
Some
that
at
a
distance
looked
upon
the
Prince's
actons
,
ascribed
them
to
a
Narrowness
of
Mind
,
and
an
Incapacity
of
Greatness
:
while
others
,
better
acquainted
with
the
frame
of
His
Spirit
,
knew
His
prudent
Modesty
inclined
Him
to
learn
the
Methods
of
Commanding
by
the
practice
of
Obedience
;
and
that
being
of
a
peaceful
Soul
,
He
affected
not
to
embroil
the
Court
(
and
from
thence
the
Kingdom
)
in
Factions
,
(
the
effects
of
impotent
minds
)
which
He
knew
were
dangerous
to
a
State
,
and
destructive
to
that
Prince
who
gives
birth
unto
them
;
that
therefore
He
chose
to
wait
for
a
certain
,
though
delayed
,
Grandeur
,
rather
than
by
the
Compendious
way
of
Contrasts
get
a
precocious
Power
,
and
leave
too
pregnant
an
Example
of
Ruine
.
Others
conceived
it
the
Prudence
of
the
Father
(
with
which
the
Son
complied
)
who
knew
the
true
use
of
Favourites
was
to
make
them
the
objects
of
the
People's
impatience
,
the
sinks
to
receive
the
curses
and
anger
of
the
Vulgar
,
the
hatred
of
the
querulous
,
and
the
envy
of
unsatisfied
ambition
:
which
He
would
rather
have
fall
upon
Servants
,
that
His
Son
might
ascend
the
Throne
free
and
unburthened
with
the
discontents
of
any
.
This
was
the
rather
believed
,
because
He
could
dispense
Honours
where
and
when
He
pleased
;
as
He
did
to
some
of
His
own
Houshold
;
as
Sir
Robert
Cary
was
made
Lord
Cary
of
Lepington
,
Sir
Thomas
Howard
Viscount
Andover
,
and
Sir
John
Vaughan
Lord
of
Molingar
in
Ireland
.
[
Anno
1618.
]
The
evenness
of
His
Spirit
was
discovered
in
the
loss
of
His
Mother
,
whose
death
(
presaged
,
as
some
thought
,
by
that
notorious
Comet
which
appeared
Novemb.
18.
before
)
happened
on
March
2.
Anno
1618.
which
He
bewailed
with
a
just
measure
of
Grief
,
without
any
affected
Sorrows
,
though
She
was
most
affectionate
to
Him
above
all
her
other
Children
;
and
at
her
Funeral
He
would
be
chief
Mourner
.
The
Death
of
the
Queen
was
not
long
after
followed
with
a
sharp
Sickness
of
the
King
:
wherein
his
Life
seeming
in
danger
,
the
consequences
of
his
Death
began
to
be
lamented
.
Dr.
Andrews
,
then
Bishop
of
Ely
,
bewailed
the
sad
condition
of
the
Church
,
if
God
should
at
that
time
determine
the
days
of
the
King
.
The
Prince
being
then
only
conversant
with
Scotch
-
men
,
which
made
up
the
greatest
part
of
His
Family
,
and
were
ill-affected
to
the
Government
and
Worship
of
the
Church
of
England
.
Of
this
the
King
became
so
sensible
,
that
he
made
a
Vow
,
If
God
should
please
to
restore
his
health
,
he
would
so
instruct
the
Prince
in
the
Controversies
of
Religion
,
as
should
secure
His
affections
to
the
present
establishment
.
Which
he
did
with
so
much
success
,
as
he
assured
the
Chaplains
who
were
to
wait
on
the
Prince
in
Spain
,
that
He
was
able
to
moderate
in
any
emergent
disputations
(
which
yet
he
charged
them
to
decline
,
if
possible
.
)
At
which
they
smiling
,
he
earnestly
added
,
that
CHARLES
should
manage
a
point
in
Controversie
with
the
best-studied
Divine
of
them
all
.
[
Anno
1619.
]
In
his
19.
Year
,
on
March
24.
which
was
the
Anniversary
of
King
James's
coming
to
the
Crown
of
England
,
He
performed
a
Justing
at
White-Hall
,
together
with
several
of
the
Nobility
,
wherein
He
acquitted
Himself
with
a
Bravery
equal
to
His
Dignity
.
And
on
the
Sunday
following
,
attending
His
Father
to
the
Sermon
at
St.
Paul's
Cross
,
and
to
the
Service
in
the
Quire
,
He
shewed
as
much
humble
Devotion
there
,
as
he
had
manifested
Princely
Gallantry
in
his
Justs
,
admired
and
applauded
by
the
People
for
His
accomplishments
in
the
Arts
both
of
War
and
Peace
:
That
He
could
behave
Himself
humbly
towards
His
God
,
and
bravely
towards
His
Enemy
;
pleased
with
the
hardiness
of
His
Body
,
and
ravished
with
His
more
generous
Mind
;
that
the
pleasures
of
the
Court
had
not
softned
one
to
Sloth
,
nor
the
supremest
Fortune
debauched
the
other
to
Impiety
.
[
Anno
1622.
]
Confident
in
these
,
and
other
evidences
of
a
wise
conduct
,
the
King
(
without
acquainting
his
Council
)
sends
the
Prince
into
Spain
,
there
to
contract
a
Marriage
with
the
Infanta
,
and
as
a
part
of
the
Portion
,
to
recover
the
Palatinate
,
which
His
Sisters
Husband
had
lost
,
and
was
by
the
Emperour
canteld
to
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
and
the
King
of
Spain
.
And
herein
He
was
to
combate
all
the
Artists
of
State
in
that
Court
,
the
practices
of
that
Church
,
and
put
an
issue
to
that
Treaty
wherein
the
Lord
Digby
,
though
much
conversant
in
the
Intrigues
of
that
Council
,
had
been
long
cajoled
.
To
that
place
He
was
to
pass
Incognito
,
accompanied
only
with
the
Marquess
of
Buckingham
,
Mr.
Endymion
Porter
,
and
Mr.
Francis
Cottington
,
through
France
;
where
,
to
satisfie
His
Curiosity
,
and
shew
Himself
to
Love
,
He
attempted
and
enjoyed
a
view
of
the
Court
at
Paris
,
and
there
received
the
first
Impression
of
that
Excellent
Princess
who
was
by
Heaven
destined
to
His
chast
Embraces
.
Satisfied
with
that
sight
,
no
lesser
enjoyments
of
any
pleasure
in
that
great
Kingdom
,
nor
Vanity
of
Youth
,
which
is
hardly
curbed
when
it
is
allyed
to
power
,
could
tempt
His
stay
,
or
a
discovery
of
His
Greatness
;
but
with
a
speed
answerable
to
an
active
body
and
mind
,
He
out-stripped
the
French
Posts
which
were
sent
to
stop
Him
,
although
that
King
had
intelligence
of
His
being
within
his
Dominions
immediately
after
their
departure
from
the
Louvre
.
The
certain
news
of
His
safe
arrival
at
Madrid
drew
after
Him
from
hence
a
Princely
Train
,
and
raised
the
Censures
of
the
World
upon
the
King
;
As
being
too
forgetful
of
the
Inhospitality
of
Princes
to
each
other
,
who
,
when
either
Design
,
Tempests
or
Necessity
have
driven
their
Rivals
in
Majesty
upon
their
Coasts
without
a
Caution
,
they
let
them
not
part
without
some
tribute
to
their
Interest
:
and
a
fresh
Example
of
this
was
in
the
King
's
own
Mother
,
who
seeking
refuge
in
England
with
her
Sister
Queen
Elizabeth
from
a
Storm
at
home
,
did
lose
both
her
Liberty
and
Life
.
This
none
daring
to
mind
the
King
of
,
his
Jester
Archee
made
him
sensible
,
by
telling
him
,
He
came
to
change
Caps
with
him
.
Why
,
said
the
King
?
Because
(
replied
Archee
)
Thou
hast
sent
the
Prince
into
Spain
,
from
whence
He
is
never
like
to
return
.
But
(
said
the
King
)
what
wilt
thou
say
when
thou
seest
Him
come
back
again
?
Mary
,
saies
the
Jester
,
I
will
take
off
the
Fools
Cap
which
I
now
put
upon
thy
head
for
sending
Him
thither
,
and
put
it
on
the
King
of
Spain
's
for
letting
Him
return
.
This
so
awakened
the
King's
apprehension
of
the
Prince's
danger
,
that
it
drove
him
into
an
exceeding
Melancholy
,
from
which
he
was
never
free
till
he
was
assured
of
the
Prince's
return
to
his
own
Dominions
,
which
was
his
Fleet
in
the
Sea
:
and
that
was
not
long
after
.
For
notwithstanding
the
contrasts
of
his
two
prime
Ministers
there
,
Buckingham
and
Bristol
,
(
which
were
sufficient
to
amaze
an
ordinary
prudence
,
and
disturb
the
counsels
of
so
young
a
beginner
in
the
Mysteries
of
Empire
,
and
the
Arts
of
experienced
Conclaves
;
)
the
impetuous
attempts
of
the
Spanish
Clergy
,
either
for
a
Change
of
His
Religion
,
or
a
Toleration
of
theirs
;
the
Spleen
of
Olivares
,
whom
Buckingham
had
exasperated
;
He
so
dexterously
managed
the
Treaty
of
Marriage
,
that
all
the
Articles
and
Circumstances
were
solemnly
sworn
to
by
both
Kings
.
By
a
Civil
Letter
to
the
Pope
(
which
His
Enemies
Malice
afterwards
took
as
an
occasion
of
Slander
)
He
procured
a
civil
return
,
with
the
grant
of
a
Dispensation
;
baffled
the
hopes
of
their
Clergy
by
His
Constancy
in
his
own
Profession
,
and
vindicated
it
from
the
odious
aspersions
of
their
Priests
,
by
causing
our
Liturgie
to
be
translated
into
the
Spanish
Tongue
;
and
by
His
generous
miene
enthralled
the
Infanta
,
for
whom
He
had
exposed
His
Liberty
.
Yet
having
an
insight
into
the
practices
of
that
Court
,
that
they
would
not
put
the
Restitution
of
the
Palatinate
into
the
consideration
of
the
Portion
,
but
reserve
it
as
a
Super-foetation
of
the
Spanish
Love
,
and
as
an
opportunity
for
the
Infanta
to
reconcile
the
English
Spirits
,
who
were
heated
by
the
late
Wars
into
an
hatred
of
the
Spaniards
;
and
that
this
was
but
to
lengthen
out
the
Treaty
till
they
had
wholly
brought
the
Palatinate
under
their
power
;
He
conformed
His
mind
to
the
resolves
of
His
Father
,
who
said
,
"
He
would
never
marry
his
Son
with
a
Portion
of
His
only
Sister's
Tears
,
and
therefore
inclined
to
a
rupture
.
But
concealing
His
Purpose
,
and
dissembling
His
Knowledge
of
their
Designs
,
He
consulted
His
own
Safety
and
Return
,
which
His
Fathers
Letters
commanded
:
which
He
so
prudently
acquired
,
that
the
King
of
Spain
parted
from
Him
with
all
those
endearments
with
which
departing
Friends
ceremoniate
their
Farewels
;
having
satisfied
Him
by
a
Proxie
left
with
the
Earl
of
Bristol
,
to
be
delivered
when
the
Dispensation
was
come
.
Which
as
soon
as
He
was
safe
on
Shipboard
,
by
a
private
Express
,
He
commanded
him
to
keep
in
his
hands
till
further
Order
.
[
An.
1623.
]
His
Return
to
England
,
which
was
in
October
1623
,
was
entertained
with
so
much
Joy
and
Thanksgiving
,
as
if
He
had
been
the
happy
Genius
of
the
whole
Nation
;
and
His
entrance
into
London
was
as
a
Triumph
for
His
Wisdom
,
their
Bonefires
lengthened
out
the
day
,
and
their
Bells
by
uncessant
ringing
forbad
sleep
to
those
eyes
which
were
refreshed
with
His
sight
.
Nor
could
the
People
by
age
or
sickness
be
confined
at
home
,
but
despising
the
prescriptions
of
their
Physicians
,
went
to
meet
Him
as
restored
Health
.
When
He
had
given
the
King
an
account
of
His
Voyage
,
and
the
Spanish
Counsels
not
to
restore
the
Palatinate
,
a
Parliament
was
Summoned
,
which
was
so
zealous
of
the
Honour
of
the
Prince
,
that
both
Houses
Voted
an
Address
to
His
Majesty
,
that
he
would
no
longer
Treat
,
but
begin
a
War
with
Spain
;
and
desiring
the
Prince's
Mediation
(
who
was
alwayes
ready
to
gratifie
the
Nation
)
therein
to
His
Father
,
they
assured
Him
they
would
stand
by
Him
with
their
Lives
and
Fortunes
:
but
yet
when
the
War
,
with
the
Crown
,
descended
unto
Him
,
they
shamefully
deserted
Him
in
the
beginning
of
His
Reign
.
When
neither
a
Wife
nor
Peace
was
any
longer
to
be
expected
from
Spain
,
both
were
sought
for
from
France
,
by
a
Marriage
with
Henrietta
Maria
,
the
youngest
Daughter
of
Henry
the
IV.
The
Love
of
whom
the
Prince
had
received
by
the
Eye
,
and
She
of
Him
by
the
Ear.
For
having
formerly
received
impressions
from
the
Relations
of
His
Gallantry
;
when
She
was
told
of
His
passing
through
Paris
,
She
answered
(
as
it
is
reported
)
That
if
He
went
to
Spain
for
a
Wife
,
He
might
have
had
one
nearer
hand
,
and
saved
Himself
a
great
part
of
the
labour
.
[
Anno
1625.
]
In
the
midst
of
these
Preparations
for
War
and
Love
,
King
James
died
at
Theobalds
,
Sunday
March
27.
Anno
1625.
and
Prince
CHARLES
was
immediately
proclaimed
at
the
Court-Gate
King
of
Great
Britain
,
France
and
Ireland
,
and
so
throughout
all
the
Three
Kingdoms
,
with
insinite
Rejoycings
.
The
people
expecting
all
the
benefits
of
the
happiest
Government
under
Him
,
whose
private
and
vouthful
part
of
Life
had
been
so
spent
,
that
it
had
nothing
in
it
to
be
●●●used
,
and
where
the
eager
inquisitors
for
matter
of
Reproach
met
with
no
satisfaction
.
An
Argument
of
a
solid
Vertue
,
that
could
hold
out
against
all
the
Vices
of
Youth
,
that
are
rendred
more
impetuous
by
Flatteries
and
Plenty
,
which
are
cont●nu●lly
resident
in
great
Courts
.
For
had
any
debauchery
polluted
His
earlier
days
,
it
had
been
onblished
by
those
who
in
scarcity
of
just
Accusations
did
invent
unimaginable
Calumnies
.
Nor
could
it
have
been
hid
,
for
in
a
great
Fortune
not●ing
is
concealed
,
but
Curiosity
opens
the
Close●●●nd
Bed
chambers
,
especially
of
Princes
,
and
discovers
their
closest
retirements
,
exposing
all
their
Actions
to
Fame
and
Censure
.
Nor
did
the
King
deceive
their
hopes
,
they
being
the
happiest
people
under
the
Sun
while
He
was
undistuibed
in
the
administration
of
Justice
.
His
first
publick
Act
was
the
Celebrating
His
Fathers
Funeral
,
whereat
He
Himself
was
Chief
Mourner
,
(
contrary
to
the
Practice
of
His
Royal
Predecessors
,
and
not
conformable
to
the
Ceremonies
of
State
;
)
Either
preferring
Piety
to
an
unnatural
Grandeur
;
or
urged
by
some
secret
Decree
of
Providence
,
that
in
all
the
ruines
of
His
Family
He
should
drink
the
greatest
draught
of
Tears
;
or
His
Spirit
presaging
the
Troubles
of
the
Throne
,
He
would
hallow
the
Ascent
to
it
by
a
pious
act
of
Grief
.
When
He
had
pay'd
that
debt
to
His
deceased
Father
,
He
next
provided
for
Posterity
,
and
therefore
hastened
the
coming
over
of
His
dearest
Consort
,
Whom
the
Duke
of
Chevereux
had
in
His
Name
espoused
at
the
Church
of
Nostre-Dame
in
Paris
;
and
He
receiving
Her
at
Dover
the
next
day
after
Trinity-Sunday
;
at
Canterbury
began
His
Conjugal
Embraces
.
A
Lady
of
most
excellent
Endowments
,
who
assumed
to
Her self
nothing
in
His
Good
Fortune
but
the
Joy
;
and
in
His
Evil
bore
an
equal
share
,
for
She
reverenced
Him
,
not
his
Greatness
.
Thus
having
dispatched
the
affairs
of
His
Family
,
He
applyes
Himself
to
those
of
His
Kingdoms
,
which
too
much
Felicity
had
made
unmanageable
by
a
moderate
Government
.
And
He
seemed
not
so
much
to
ascend
a
Throne
,
as
enter
upon
a
Theatre
,
to
wrestle
with
all
the
difficulties
of
a
corrupted
State
;
whose
long
Peace
had
softned
almost
all
the
Nobless
into
Court-pleasures
,
and
made
the
Commons
insolent
by
a
great
Plenty
.
The
Rites
and
Discipline
of
Religion
had
been
blotted
out
by
a
long
and
uninterrupted
Prosperity
,
and
Factions
crept
from
the
Church
into
the
Senate
,
which
were
made
use
of
by
those
that
endeavoured
the
alteration
of
Government
;
and
the
Resolves
of
that
Council
were
the
dictates
of
some
heady
Demagogues
,
who
fed
the
Vulgar
with
hopes
of
Novelty
under
the
name
of
Liberty
,
so
that
the
King
could
not
endure
their
Vices
,
nor
they
His
Vertues
:
whence
came
all
the
Obstructions
to
His
Designs
for
Glory
and
the
Publick
good
.
The
Treasury
had
been
exhausted
to
satiate
the
unquiet
and
greedy
Scots
:
and
the
people
were
taught
not
to
supply
it
,
unless
they
were
bribed
with
the
blood
of
some
Minister
of
State
,
or
some
more
advantages
for
Licentiousness
.
Each
of
these
single
would
have
ennobled
the
Care
of
an
Ordinary
Prudence
to
have
weathered
out
:
but
when
all
these
conspired
with
the
traitorous
Projects
of
men
of
unbounded
and
unlawful
hopes
,
they
took
from
Him
His
Peace
,
and
that
which
the
World
calls
Happiness
;
but
yet
they
made
Him
Great
,
and
affording
Exercises
for
His
most
excellent
Abilities
rendred
Him
Glorious
.
The
different
states
of
these
Difficulties
,
when
like
Clouds
they
were
gathering
together
,
and
when
they
descended
in
showres
of
Blood
,
divide
the
King's
Reign
into
two
parts
.
The
first
could
not
be
esteemed
dayes
of
Peace
,
but
an
Immunity
from
Civil
War
.
The
other
was
when
He
was
concluded
by
that
Fatal
Necessity
,
either
to
part
with
his
Dignity
,
and
expose
His
Subjects
to
the
injuries
of
numerous
Tyrants
;
or
else
to
exceed
the
calmer
temper
of
His
peacefull
Soul
,
and
make
use
of
those
necessary
Arms
,
whereby
He
might
hope
to
divert
,
if
possible
,
the
Ruine
of
Church
and
State
which
He
saw
in
projection
.
In
the
first
Part
He
had
no
Wars
at
home
but
what
was
in
the
Houses
of
Parliament
;
which
though
their
first
Institution
designed
for
the
production
of
just
Counsels
,
and
assistances
of
Government
,
yet
,
through
the
just
Indignation
of
Heaven
,
and
the
practises
of
some
unquiet
and
seditious
persons
,
became
the
wombs
wherein
were
first
conceived
and
formed
those
monstrous
Confusions
which
destroyed
their
own
Liberty
,
caused
our
Miseries
,
and
the
King's
Afflictions
.
His
First
Parliament
began
June
18.
At
the
opening
of
which
the
King
acquainted
them
with
the
necessity
of
Supplies
for
the
War
with
Spain
,
which
they
importunately
had
through
His
Mediation
engaged
His
Father
in
,
and
made
it
as
hereditary
to
Him
as
the
Crown
.
His
Eloquence
gave
powerful
Reasons
for
speedy
and
large
summs
of
Money
;
did
also
audit
to
them
the
several
disbursements
relating
both
to
the
Army
and
Navy
,
that
He
might
remove
all
Jealousies
of
mis-imployment
,
and
give
them
notice
how
well
He
understood
the
Office
He
had
newly
entred
upon
,
and
how
to
be
a
faithful
Steward
of
the
Publick
Treasure
.
But
the
Projectors
of
the
alteration
of
Government
brought
into
debate
two
Petitions
,
one
for
Religion
,
the
other
for
Grievances
,
formed
in
King
James's
time
,
which
delayed
the
Succours
,
and
increased
the
Necessities
,
which
at
last
they
answered
but
with
two
Subsidies
,
too
poor
a
stock
to
furnish
an
Army
with
;
yet
was
kindly
accepted
,
in
expectation
of
more
at
the
next
Session
.
For
the
Infection
seising
upon
London
,
the
Parliament
was
adjourned
till
August
,
when
they
were
to
meet
at
Oxford
:
and
at
that
time
He
passed
such
Acts
as
were
presented
to
Him
.
At
the
next
Session
He
gave
a
complying
and
satisfactory
answer
to
all
their
Petitions
,
and
expected
a
Retribution
in
larger
Subsidies
towards
the
Spanish
War
.
But
in
stead
of
these
,
there
were
high
and
furious
debates
of
Grievances
,
consultations
to
form
and
publish
Remonstrances
,
Accusations
of
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
:
Which
the
King
esteeming
as
reproaches
of
His
Government
,
and
assaults
upon
Monarchy
,
dissolves
that
Aslembly
,
hoping
to
find
one
of
a
less
cholerick
complexion
after
His
Coronation
.
This
inauspicious
Meeting
drew
aster
it
another
Mischief
,
the
Miscarriage
of
the
Designs
upon
Spain
.
For
the
supplies
of
Money
being
scanty
and
slow
,
the
Fleet
could
not
go
forth
till
October
8.
an
unseasonable
time
in
the
British
Seas
;
and
their
first
contest
was
with
Winds
and
Tempests
,
which
destroying
some
,
scattered
all
the
Ships
.
When
they
met
,
a
more
dangerous
storm
fell
among
the
Soldiers
and
Seamen
,
where
small
Pay
caused
less
Discipline
,
and
a
contempt
of
their
General
,
the
Lord
Wimbleton
,
rendred
the
attempt
upon
Cades
vain
and
fruitless
.
This
was
followed
by
a
Contagion
(
to
which
some
conceive
discontented
minds
make
the
bodies
of
men
more
obnoxious
)
in
the
Navy
,
which
forced
it
home
,
more
empty
of
Men
,
and
less
of
Reputation
.
The
Infection
decreasing
at
London
,
the
King
performed
the
Solemnities
of
His
Coronation
February
2.
with
some
alterations
from
those
of
His
Predecessors
:
for
in
the
Civil
He
omitted
the
usual
Parade
of
Riding
from
the
Tower
through
the
City
to
White-Hall
,
to
save
the
Expences
that
Pomp
required
,
for
more
noble
undertakings
.
In
the
Spiritual
there
was
restored
a
Clause
in
the
Prayers
which
had
been
pretermitted
since
Henry
VI.
and
was
this
;
Let
Him
obtain
favour
for
this
People
,
like
Aaron
in
the
Tabernacle
,
Elisha
in
the
waters
,
Zacharias
in
the
Temple
;
give
Him
Peter
's
Key
of
Discipline
,
Paul
's
Doctrine
.
Which
though
more
agreeing
to
the
Principles
of
Protestantism
,
which
acknowledgeth
the
Power
of
Princes
in
their
Churches
,
and
was
therefore
omitted
in
the
times
of
Popery
;
yet
was
quarrelled
at
by
the
Factious
party
,
(
who
take
advantages
of
Calumny
and
Sedition
from
good
as
well
as
bad
circumstances
)
and
condemned
as
a
new
invention
of
Bishop
Laud
,
and
made
use
of
to
defame
both
the
King
and
him
.
After
this
He
began
a
Second
Parliament
February
2.
wherein
the
Commons
voted
Him
Four
Subsidies
,
but
the
Demagogues
intended
them
as
the
price
of
the
Duke
of
Buckingham's
blood
;
whom
Mr.
Cooke
and
Dr.
Turner
with
so
much
bitterness
inveighed
against
,
as
passing
the
modesty
of
their
former
dissimulation
they
taxed
the
King's
Government
.
Sir
Dudley
Digges
,
Sir
John
Elliot
and
others
carried
up
Articles
against
him
to
the
Lord's
House
,
in
which
,
to
make
the
Faction
more
sport
,
the
Duke
and
the
Earl
of
Bristol
did
mutually
impeach
each
other
.
By
these
contrasts
the
Parliament
were
so
highly
heated
,
that
the
Faction
thought
it
fit
time
to
put
a
Remonstrance
in
the
forge
,
which
according
to
their
manner
was
to
be
a
publick
Invective
against
the
Government
.
But
the
King
having
notice
of
it
,
dissolves
the
Parliament
June
18.
[
Anno
1626.
]
and
the
Bill
for
the
Subsidies
never
passed
.
This
misunderstanding
at
home
produced
another
War
abroad
.
For
the
King
of
France
taking
advantage
of
these
our
Domestick
embroilments
begins
a
War
upon
us
,
and
seiseth
upon
the
English
Merchant
Ships
in
the
River
of
Bourdeaux
.
His
pretence
was
,
because
the
King
had
sent
back
all
the
French
Servants
of
the
Queen
,
whose
insolencies
had
been
intolerable
.
But
the
world
saw
the
vanity
of
this
pretext
in
the
Example
of
Lewis
himself
,
who
had
in
the
like
manner
dimitted
the
Spanish
attendants
of
his
own
Queen
:
and
that
truly
the
unhappy
Counsels
in
Parliament
had
exposed
this
Just
Prince
to
foreign
injuries
.
Which
He
magnanimously
endeavoured
to
revenge
,
and
to
recover
the
goods
of
His
abused
Subjects
;
and
therefore
sent
the
Fleet
designed
for
Justice
upon
Spain
to
seek
it
first
in
France
.
But
the
want
of
Money
made
the
Preparations
slow
;
and
therefore
the
Navy
putting
out
late
in
the
year
was
by
Storms
forced
to
desist
the
enterprize
.
So
that
what
was
the
effect
only
of
the
malice
of
His
Enemies
,
was
imputed
by
some
to
a
secret
Decree
of
Heaven
,
which
obstructed
His
just
undertakings
for
Glory
.
[
Anno
1627.
]
The
next
year
the
King
,
quickned
by
the
Petitions
of
the
Rochellers
,
who
now
sued
for
His
Protection
,
as
well
as
by
the
Justice
of
His
own
Cause
,
more
early
prosecuted
His
Counsels
,
and
sent
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
to
attach
the
Isle
of
Rhee
;
which
though
alarmed
to
a
greater
strength
by
the
last
year's
vain
attempt
,
yet
had
now
submitted
to
the
English
Valour
,
had
not
the
Duke
managed
that
War
more
with
the
Gayeties
of
a
Courtier
than
the
Arts
of
a
Souldier
.
And
when
it
was
wisdom
to
forsake
those
attempts
which
former
neglects
had
made
impossible
,
being
too
greedy
of
Honour
,
and
to
avoid
the
imputation
on
of
fear
in
a
safe
retreat
,
he
loaded
his
overthrow
with
a
new
Ignominy
,
and
an
heavier
loss
of
men
,
(
the
common
fate
of
those
Who
seek
for
glory
in
the
parcels
,
lose
it
in
the
gross
.
)
Which
was
contrary
to
the
temper
of
his
Master
,
who
was
so
tender
of
humane
blood
,
that
therefore
He
raised
no
Wars
,
but
found
them
;
and
thought
it
an
opprobrious
bargain
to
purchase
the
fruitless
Laurels
,
or
the
empty
name
of
Honour
,
with
the
lives
of
men
,
but
where
the
Publick
Safety
required
the
hazard
and
loss
of
some
particulars
.
This
Expedition
being
so
unhappy
,
and
the
Miseries
of
Rochel
making
them
importunate
for
the
King's
Assistance
,
His
Compassionate
Soul
was
desirous
to
remove
their
Dangers
,
but
was
restrained
by
that
necessitous
condition
the
Faction
had
concluded
Him
under
.
To
free
Himself
from
which
,
that
He
might
deliver
the
oppressed
,
He
doth
pawn
His
own
Lands
for
120000
pounds
to
the
City
,
and
borrows
30000
pounds
more
of
the
East-India
Company
:
but
this
was
yet
too
narrow
a
Foundation
to
support
the
charges
of
the
Fleet
,
and
no
way
so
natural
to
get
adequate
supplies
as
by
a
Parliament
;
which
He
therefore
summons
to
meet
March
17
,
intending
to
use
all
Methods
of
Complacency
to
unite
the
Subjects
Affections
,
to
Himself
.
Which
in
the
beginning
proved
successful
,
for
the
modesty
of
the
Subjects
strove
with
the
Piety
of
the
King
,
and
both
Interests
contended
to
oblige
,
that
they
might
be
obliged
.
The
Parliament
granted
the
King
[
Anno
1628.
]
five
Subsidies
,
and
He
freely
granted
their
Petition
of
Right
,
the
greatest
Condescension
that
ever
any
King
made
,
wherein
He
seemed
to
submit
the
Royal
Scepter
to
the
Popular
Fasces
,
and
to
have
given
Satisfaction
even
to
Supererogation
.
These
auspicious
beginnings
,
though
full
of
Joy
both
to
Prince
and
People
,
were
matter
of
envy
to
the
Faction
;
and
therefore
to
form
new
Discontents
and
Jealousies
,
the
Demagogues
perswaded
the
Houses
that
the
King's
Grant
of
their
Petition
extended
,
(
beyond
their
own
Hopes
and
the
Limits
themselves
had
set
,
and
what
He
had
expresly
mentioned
and
cautioned
)
even
to
the
taking
away
His
Right
to
Tonnage
and
Poundage
.
Besides
this
,
they
were
again
hammering
a
Remonstrance
to
reproach
Him
and
His
Ministers
of
male-administration
.
Which
Ingratitude
He
being
not
able
to
endure
,
on
June
26.
adjourns
the
Parliament
till
Octob.
20.
and
afterward
by
Proclamation
till
Jan.
20.
following
.
In
the
interim
,
the
King
hastens
to
send
succours
to
Rochel
:
and
though
the
General
,
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
was
at
Portsmouth
Assassinated
by
Felton
,
armed
(
as
he
professed
)
with
the
publick
hatred
;
yet
the
Preparations
were
not
slackned
,
the
King
by
His
personal
industry
doing
more
to
the
necessary
furnishing
of
the
Fleet
in
ten
or
twelve
dayes
than
the
Duke
had
done
in
so
many
months
before
.
But
in
the
mean
while
Rochel
was
barricadoed
to
an
impossibility
of
Relief
.
Therefore
the
Earl
of
Lindsey
,
who
commanded
the
Forces
,
after
some
gallant
,
yet
fruitless
attempts
returned
to
England
,
and
the
Rochellers
to
the
Obedience
of
the
French
King
.
As
Providence
had
removed
the
great
Object
of
the
Popular
hate
,
and
(
as
was
pretended
)
the
chief
obstruction
of
the
Subjects
Love
to
their
King
,
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
;
so
the
King
himself
labours
to
remove
all
other
occasions
of
quarrel
before
the
next
Session
.
He
restores
Archbishop
Abbot
,
who
for
his
remisness
in
the
Discipline
of
the
Church
had
been
suspended
from
his
Office
,
and
was
therefore
the
Darling
of
the
Commons
because
in
disgrace
with
the
King
,
(
so
contrary
are
the
affections
of
a
corrupted
State
to
those
of
their
Governours
)
to
the
administration
of
it
again
.
Dr.
Potter
,
the
great
Calvinist
,
was
made
Bishop
of
Carlisle
.
Mr.
Mountague's
Book
of
Appello
Caesarem
was
called
in
.
Proclamations
were
issued
out
against
Papists
.
Sir
Thomas
Wentworth
,
an
active
Leader
of
the
Commons
,
was
towards
the
beginning
of
this
Session
,
as
Sir
John
Savil
had
been
at
the
end
of
the
last
,
called
up
into
the
Lord's
House
,
being
made
Viscount
Wentworth
,
and
Lord
President
of
the
North.
But
the
Honours
of
these
Persons
(
whose
parts
the
King
,
who
well
understood
men
,
thought
worthy
of
his
Favour
and
Employment
)
seeming
the
rewards
of
Sedition
,
and
the
spoils
of
destructive
Counsels
,
the
Demagogues
were
more
eager
in
the
pursuit
of
that
which
these
had
attained
unto
,
by
the
like
Arts.
And
therefore
despising
all
the
King's
obliging
practices
,
in
the
next
Sessions
they
assumed
a
power
of
reforming
Church
and
State
,
called
the
Customers
into
question
for
Levying
Tonnage
and
Poundage
,
made
now
their
Invectives
,
as
they
formerly
did
against
the
Duke
,
against
the
Lord
Treasurer
Weston
;
so
that
it
appeared
that
not
the
persons
of
men
,
but
the
King's
trust
of
them
,
was
the
object
of
their
Envy
,
and
His
Favour
,
though
never
so
Vertuous
,
marked
them
out
for
Ruine
.
And
upon
these
points
they
raised
the
heat
to
such
a
degree
,
that
fearing
they
should
be
dissolved
ere
they
had
time
to
vent
their
passions
,
they
began
a
Violence
upon
their
own
Body
(
an
example
which
lasted
longer
than
their
Cause
,
and
at
last
produced
the
overthrow
of
all
their
Priviledges
.
)
They
lockt
the
Doors
of
the
House
,
kept
the
Key
thereof
in
one
of
their
own
Pockets
,
held
the
Speaker
by
strong
hand
in
the
Chair
,
till
they
had
thundred
out
their
Votes
,
like
dreadfull
Anathemaes
,
against
those
that
should
Levy
,
and
,
which
was
more
ranting
,
against
such
as
should
willingly
pay
the
Tonnage
and
Poundage
.
This
Force
the
King
went
with
His
Guard
of
Pensioners
to
remove
;
which
they
hearing
,
adjourned
the
House
;
and
the
King
in
the
House
of
Lords
declaring
the
Injustice
of
those
Vipers
who
destroyed
their
own
Liberties
,
dissolved
the
Parliament
.
While
the
winds
of
Sedition
raged
thus
furiously
at
home
,
more
gentle
gales
came
from
abroad
.
The
French
King's
designs
upon
other
places
required
Peace
from
us
,
and
therefore
the
Signiorie
of
Venice
by
her
Ambassadors
was
moved
to
procure
an
Accord
betwixt
Charles
and
Lewis
;
which
the
King
accepted
.
And
not
long
after
[
Anno
1629.
]
the
Spaniard
pressed
with
equal
necessities
desired
Amity
;
which
was
also
granted
.
The
King
being
thus
freed
from
His
domestick
Embroilments
and
foreign
Enmities
,
soon
made
the
World
see
His
Skill
in
the
Arts
of
Empire
,
and
rendred
Himself
abroad
more
considerable
than
any
of
His
Predecessors
.
And
He
was
more
glorious
in
the
eyes
of
the
good
,
and
more
satisfied
in
His
own
breast
,
by
confirming
Peace
with
Prudence
,
than
if
He
had
finished
Wars
with
destroying
Arms.
So
that
His
Sceptre
was
the
Caduceus
to
arbitrate
the
differences
of
the
Potentates
of
Europe
.
His
Subjects
likewise
tasted
the
sweetness
of
a
Reign
which
Heaven
did
indulge
with
all
its
favours
,
but
only
that
of
valuing
their
Happiness
.
While
other
Nations
weltred
in
blood
,
His
people
enjoyed
a
profound
Peace
,
and
that
Plenty
which
the
freedom
of
Commerce
brings
along
with
it
.
The
Dutch
and
Easterlings
used
London
as
the
surest
Bank
to
preserve
and
increase
their
Trading
.
The
Spanish
Bullion
was
here
Coined
,
which
advantaged
the
King's
Mint
,
and
encreased
the
Wealth
of
the
Merchants
,
who
returned
most
of
that
Money
in
our
native
Commodities
.
While
He
dispensed
these
Blessings
to
the
People
,
Heaven
was
liberal
to
Him
in
giving
Him
a
Son
to
inherit
His
Dominions
,
May
29.
[
Anno
1630.
]
which
was
so
great
matter
of
rejoycing
to
the
People
of
uncorrupted
minds
,
that
Heaven
seemed
also
concerned
in
the
Exultation
,
kindling
another
Fire
more
than
Ordinary
,
making
a
Star
to
be
seen
the
same
day
at
noon
.
(
From
which
most
men
presaged
that
that
Prince
should
be
of
high
Undertakings
,
and
of
no
common
glory
among
Kings
:
which
hath
since
been
confirmed
by
the
miraculous
preservation
of
Him
,
and
Heaven
seemed
to
conduct
Him
to
the
Throne
.
)
For
this
great
blessing
the
King
gave
publick
Thanks
to
the
Author
of
it
,
Almighty
God
,
at
St.
Paul's
Church
;
and
God
was
pleased
in
a
return
to
those
thanks
with
a
numerous
Issue
afterwards
to
increase
this
Happiness
.
For
neither
Armies
nor
Navies
are
such
sure
props
of
Empire
as
Children
are
.
Time
,
Fortune
,
private
Lusts
,
or
Errors
may
take
off
,
or
change
Friends
:
but
those
that
Nature
hath
united
must
have
the
same
Interest
,
especially
in
Royal
Families
,
in
whose
Prosperities
strangers
may
have
a
part
,
but
their
Adversities
will
be
sure
to
crush
their
nearest
Allies
.
Prospering
thus
in
Peace
at
home
,
a
small
time
assisted
His
frugality
to
get
such
a
Treasure
,
and
gave
Him
leasure
to
form
such
Counsels
as
might
curb
the
Insolence
of
His
Enemies
abroad
.
He
confederated
with
other
Princes
to
give
a
check
to
the
Austrian
Greatness
,
assisting
by
His
Treasure
,
Arms
and
Counsel
,
the
King
of
Sweden
,
to
deliver
the
oppressed
German
States
from
the
Imperial
Oppressions
.
And
when
Gustavus's
fortune
made
him
insolent
,
and
he
would
impose
unequal
Conditions
upon
the
Paltsgrave
,
the
King's
Brother
in
Law
,
He
necessitated
him
notwithstanding
his
Victories
to
more
easie
Articles
.
The
next
year
was
notorious
for
two
Trials
:
one
of
the
Lord
Audley
Earl
of
Castlehaven
,
who
being
accused
by
all
the
abused
parts
of
his
Family
of
a
prodigious
wickedness
and
unnatural
uncleanness
,
was
by
the
King
submitted
to
a
tryal
by
his
Peers
,
and
by
them
being
found
Guilty
,
was
Condemned
,
and
his
Nobility
could
be
no
patronage
for
his
Crimes
;
(
but
in
the
King's
eyes
they
appeared
more
horrid
,
because
they
polluted
that
Order
)
and
was
afterwards
executed
.
The
other
was
of
a
tryal
of
Combate
at
a
Marshal's
Court
,
betwixt
Donnold
Lord
Rey
,
a
Scotish
High-lander
,
and
David
Ramsey
,
a
Scotish
Courtier
.
The
first
accused
the
last
to
have
solicited
him
to
a
Confederacy
with
the
Marquess
Hamilton
,
who
was
then
Commander
of
some
Forces
in
assistance
of
the
King
of
Sweden
:
in
which
Ramsey
said
all
Scotland
was
ingaged
but
three
;
and
that
their
friends
had
gotten
provision
of
Arms
and
Powder
out
of
England
;
that
the
Court
was
extremely
corrupted
;
and
that
the
matters
of
Church
and
State
were
so
out
of
frame
as
must
tend
to
a
Change
.
There
were
no
Witnesses
,
and
the
Defendant
denying
what
the
Appellant
affirmed
,
the
Tryal
was
thought
must
be
by
Duel
.
In
order
to
which
the
King
grants
a
Commission
for
a
Court-Marshal
:
where
though
the
presumptions
of
Ramsey's
guilt
were
more
heightned
,
yet
the
King
hinders
any
further
process
by
Combat
,
which
is
doubted
whether
it
be
lawfull
;
either
thinking
none
so
foolish
as
to
strive
for
Empire
which
He
found
so
full
of
Trouble
;
or
knowing
that
Magistracy
being
the
sole
Gift
of
Heaven
,
it
was
vain
to
commit
a
crime
in
hope
of
enjoying
it
,
or
in
fear
of
losing
it
:
(
which
was
the
Principle
upon
which
Excellent
Princes
have
neglected
the
diligent
Inquisition
of
Conspiracies
)
and
fatally
continues
Hamilton
in
that
favour
as
did
enable
him
afterwards
more
falsly
to
act
that
Treason
of
which
he
was
then
accused
.
[
Anno
1632.
]
Some
Tumults
in
Ireland
shewed
a
defect
in
that
Government
,
which
made
the
King
send
over
as
Deputy
thither
the
Lord
Wentworth
,
a
most
accomplished
Person
in
affairs
of
Rule
,
of
great
Abilities
equal
to
a
Minister
of
State
.
The
King's
choice
of
him
he
soon
justified
,
by
reducing
that
tumultuary
people
to
such
a
condition
of
Peace
and
security
as
it
had
never
been
since
its
first
annexion
to
this
Crown
,
and
made
it
pay
for
the
Charges
of
its
own
Government
,
which
before
was
deducted
out
of
the
English
Treasury
:
their
Peace
and
Laws
now
opening
accesses
for
Plenty
.
This
enjoyment
of
Peace
and
Plenty
through
all
the
King's
Dominions
made
Him
mindfull
of
employing
some
fruits
of
it
to
the
Honour
of
that
God
that
caused
it
;
and
not
to
let
so
great
a
Prosperity
wholly
corrupt
the
minds
of
men
to
a
neglect
of
Religion
,
(
which
is
usual
)
He
shewed
His
own
Zeal
for
the
Ornaments
of
it
,
and
spent
part
of
His
Treasure
towards
the
repair
of
St.
Paul's
Church
,
and
by
His
Example
,
Admonitions
and
Commands
drew
many
of
His
Subjects
to
a
Contribution
for
it
;
and
had
restored
it
to
its
primitive
lustre
and
firmness
,
adorned
it
to
a
magnificence
equall
with
the
Structure
,
which
is
supposed
the
goodliest
in
the
Christian
World
,
had
not
the
Malice
of
His
Enemies
forced
Him
to
Arms
,
mingled
His
Morter
with
the
blood
of
innocent
people
,
and
sacrilegiously
diverted
all
the
Treasure
and
Materials
gathered
for
this
pious
design
,
to
maintain
an
impious
and
unjust
War
:
and
afterwards
to
dishonour
His
Cares
for
Religion
,
they
barbarously
made
it
a
Stable
for
their
Horse
,
and
Quarters
for
their
unhallowed
Foot
.
[
Anno
1633.
]
Some
Reasons
of
State
drew
the
King
from
London
,
May
13.
to
receive
the
Imperial
Crown
of
Scotland
.
Himself
professed
that
He
had
no
great
Stomach
to
the
Journey
,
nor
delight
in
the
Nation
,
being
a
Race
of
men
,
that
under
the
Scheme
of
an
honest
animosity
and
specious
plain-dealing
were
most
perfidious
.
A
full
Character
of
their
great
Movers
.
Yet
as
He
had
been
nobly
treated
all
along
His
Journey
by
the
English
Nobility
,
so
was
He
there
magnificently
received
and
crowned
at
Edinburgh
,
June
10.
But
the
King
soon
found
all
those
Caresses
false
.
For
the
Nobility
and
Laick
Patrons
could
not
concoct
His
Revocation
(
though
legal
and
innocent
)
of
such
things
as
had
been
stoln
from
the
Crown
during
His
Father's
Minority
,
with
a
Commission
for
Surrendry
of
Superiorities
and
Tithes
to
be
retaken
from
the
King
by
the
present
Occupants
(
who
could
as
then
pretend
no
other
Title
than
the
unjust
usurpation
of
their
Ancestors
)
on
such
conditions
as
might
bring
some
Profit
to
the
Crown
,
(
to
which
they
justly
belonged
)
some
Augmentation
to
the
Clergy
,
and
far
more
ease
and
benefit
to
the
Common
People
,
whom
by
advantage
of
those
illegal
Tenures
they
oppressed
with
a
most
bitter
Vassalage
.
This
Act
of
His
Majesty
being
so
full
of
equity
and
publick
good
,
those
whose
greatness
was
builded
upon
Injustice
did
not
bare-facedly
oppose
it
,
but
endeavoured
to
hinder
that
and
all
the
other
designs
of
Peace
and
Order
,
by
opposing
in
the
Parliament
next
after
the
Coronation
the
Act
of
Ratification
of
all
those
Laws
which
King
James
had
made
in
that
Nation
for
the
better
regulating
the
affairs
of
that
Church
,
both
as
to
the
Government
and
Worship
of
it
.
This
was
highly
opposed
by
such
as
were
sensible
of
their
diminution
by
a
legal
restitution
of
their
unrighteous
Possessions
.
And
although
the
King
carried
it
by
the
major
part
of
Voices
;
yet
to
prevent
their
own
fires
with
the
publick
Ruine
,
they
did
most
assiduously
slander
it
among
the
People
as
the
abetting
of
Popery
,
and
the
betraying
their
Spiritual
Liberty
to
the
Romish
yoke
.
These
Calumnies
received
more
credit
by
the
King's
Order
for
a
more
decent
and
Reverend
Worship
of
God
at
His
Royal
Chappel
at
Edinburgh
,
conformably
to
the
English
Usage
.
Their
noise
grew
lowder
by
the
Concent
of
their
party
of
Malecontents
in
England
,
who
also
took
advantage
to
diffuse
their
poison
from
the
King's
Book
of
Sports
,
which
King
JAMES
had
in
his
time
published
in
Lancashire
,
and
was
now
ratified
by
King
CHARLES
for
a
more
universal
Observance
.
The
Occasion
of
which
was
the
Apostasie
of
many
to
Popery
,
(
whose
Doctrines
and
Practices
are
more
indulgent
to
the
licentious
)
through
the
rigid
opinion
of
some
Preachers
,
who
equall'd
all
Recreations
on
the
Sabbath
(
as
they
call'd
it
)
to
the
most
prodigious
transgressions
.
On
the
contrary
,
some
of
the
ignorant
Teachers
had
perverted
many
to
down-right
Judaism
,
by
the
consequence
of
so
strict
an
Observance
of
the
Sabbath
.
And
some
over-busie
Justices
of
Peace
had
suppressed
all
the
Ancient
Feasts
of
the
Dedications
of
Churches
.
The
King
therefore
intended
by
this
edict
to
obstruct
the
success
of
the
Enemies
on
both
sides
,
and
to
free
His
People
from
the
yoke
of
this
Superstition
.
But
(
such
is
the
weakness
of
Humane
Prudence
,
that
the
Remedies
it
applies
to
one
Inconvenience
are
pregnant
of
another
;
and
whereas
the
Generality
of
men
seldom
do
good
but
as
necessitated
by
Law
,
when
Liberty
is
indulged
,
all
things
are
soon
filled
with
Disorder
and
Confusion
.
And
so
)
it
happened
in
this
,
that
the
Vulgar
abusing
the
King's
Liberty
,
(
which
was
no
more
than
is
granted
in
other
Protestant
Churches
)
and
committing
many
undecencies
,
made
many
well-temper'd
Spirits
too
capable
and
credulous
of
those
importunate
Calumnies
of
the
Faction
,
that
His
Majesty
was
not
well-affected
to
Religion
.
[
Anno
1634.
]
The
boldness
of
the
Pickeroons
,
Turks
,
and
Dunkirk-Pirates
infesting
our
Coasts
,
damaging
our
Traffique
,
the
usurpation
of
the
Holland
Fishers
on
the
King's
Dominion
in
the
Narrow
Seas
,
and
His
Right
disputed
in
a
Tract
by
the
Learned
Grotius
,
call
the
King's
next
Cares
for
His
own
Honour
,
and
the
People's
Safety
.
But
the
Remedy
appeared
exceeding
difficult
;
the
furnishing
of
a
Navy
for
so
honourable
an
undertaking
being
too
heavy
a
burden
for
His
Exchequer
;
which
(
although
not
emptied
by
any
luxuriant
Feasts
,
nor
profusely
wasted
on
some
prodigal
and
unthrifty
Favourite
,
nor
lavished
on
ambitious
designs
,
from
all
which
destructions
of
Treasure
no
King
was
more
free
)
was
but
just
sufficient
for
ordinary
and
necessary
Expences
of
State
and
Majesty
.
And
though
it
was
most
just
for
Him
to
expect
the
Peoples
Contribution
to
their
own
Safety
,
who
were
never
richer
than
now
,
nor
had
they
ever
more
Security
for
their
riches
than
they
now
had
by
His
Concessions
of
Liberty
:
yet
knowing
how
powerfull
the
Faction
alwayes
was
to
disturb
the
Counsels
of
Parliament
,
He
feared
that
from
their
Proceedings
the
Common
Enemies
would
be
incouraged
(
as
formerly
)
to
higher
Insolencies
,
and
the
envious
Demagogues
would
contemn
their
own
safety
to
ruine
His
Honour
.
He
also
accounted
it
a
great
unhappiness
to
be
necessitated
to
maintain
His
State
by
extraordinary
wayes
,
and
therefore
refused
to
renew
Privy
Seals
and
Loans
,
the
use
of
which
He
debarred
Himself
of
in
granting
the
Petition
of
Right
.
Therefore
consults
His
Atturney-General
Noy
,
whether
the
Prerogative
had
yet
any
thing
left
to
save
an
unwilling
people
.
Noy
acquaints
Him
with
Ancient
Precedents
of
raising
a
Tax
upon
the
Nation
for
setting
forth
a
Navie
in
case
of
danger
,
and
assures
Him
of
the
Legality
of
the
way
in
proceeding
by
Writs
to
that
effect
.
Which
Counsel
being
embraced
,
there
were
Writs
directed
to
the
several
Counties
for
such
a
Contribution
,
that
in
the
whole
might
build
,
furnish
and
maintain
47
Ships
for
the
safety
of
the
Kingdom
.
And
by
these
the
King
soon
secured
and
calmed
the
Seas
;
but
the
Faction
endeavoured
to
raise
a
Tempest
at
Land
.
[
Anno
1635.
]
They
complained
of
Invasions
on
their
Spiritual
Liberties
,
because
the
Bishops
endeavoured
in
these
years
to
reduce
the
Ceremonies
of
the
Church
to
their
primitive
Observance
,
of
which
a
long
Prosperity
had
made
men
negligent
:
and
time
had
done
that
to
the
Spiritual
Body
which
it
doth
to
the
Natural
,
daily
amassed
those
Corruptions
which
at
length
will
stand
in
need
of
cure
.
Therefore
when
they
took
this
proper
Method
of
reforming
a
corrupted
State
in
bringing
things
back
to
their
Original
Institution
,
both
His
Majesty
and
they
were
defamed
with
designs
of
Popery
.
This
Tax
of
Ship-money
was
pretended
a
breach
to
their
Civil
Liberties
,
and
contrary
to
Law
,
because
not
laid
by
a
Parliament
.
Therefore
those
who
sought
the
People's
favour
to
alter
the
present
Government
,
by
seeming
the
singular
Patrons
of
their
Rights
,
refused
to
pay
the
Tax
,
[
Anno
1636.
]
and
stood
it
out
to
a
Tryal
at
Law
.
The
Just
Prince
declined
not
the
Tryal
,
and
permitted
Monarchy
and
Liberty
to
plead
at
the
same
Bar.
All
the
Judges
of
the
Land
did
justifie
by
their
Subscriptions
,
that
it
was
legal
for
the
King
to
levy
such
a
Tax
;
and
their
Subscriptions
were
enrolled
in
all
the
Courts
of
Westminster-Hall
.
And
when
it
came
to
be
argued
in
the
Exchequer-Chamber
,
ten
of
them
absolutely
declared
for
it
;
only
two
,
Crooke
and
Hutton
,
openly
dissented
from
that
opinion
to
which
they
had
formerly
subscribed
,
not
without
the
ignominy
of
Levity
unbeseeming
their
places
.
And
as
the
King
was
thus
victorious
in
the
Law
,
so
was
He
at
Sea
;
and
having
curbed
the
Pirates
,
He
also
reduced
the
Hollanders
to
a
precarious
use
of
His
Seas
.
Amidst
all
these
Difficulties
and
Calumnies
the
King
hitherto
had
so
governed
,
that
sober
men
could
not
pray
for
,
nor
Heaven
grant
in
Mercy
to
a
People
any
greater
Happiness
than
what
His
Reign
did
afford
.
The
British
Empire
never
more
flourished
with
Magnificent
Edifices
;
the
Trade
of
the
Nation
had
brought
the
wealth
of
the
Indies
home
to
our
doors
;
Learning
and
all
good
Sciences
were
so
cherished
,
that
they
grew
to
Admiration
,
and
many
Arts
of
the
Ancients
,
buried
and
forgotten
by
time
,
were
revived
again
.
No
Subjects
under
the
Sun
richer
,
and
(
which
was
the
effect
of
that
)
none
prouder
.
Security
increased
the
Husband-mans
stock
,
and
Justice
preserved
his
Life
;
none
being
condemned
as
to
Life
,
but
by
the
lawfull
Verdict
of
those
of
an
equal
Condition
,
the
Jury
of
his
Peers
.
The
poor
might
Reverence
,
but
needed
not
Fear
the
Great
:
and
the
Great
though
he
might
despise
,
yet
could
not
injure
his
more
obscure
Neighbour
.
And
all
things
were
so
administred
,
that
they
seemed
to
conspire
to
the
Publick
good
;
except
that
they
made
our
Happiness
too
much
the
cause
of
all
Civil
Commotions
,
and
brought
our
Felicity
to
that
height
,
that
by
the
necessity
of
humane
nature
,
which
hath
placed
all
things
in
motion
,
it
must
necessarily
decline
.
And
God
provoked
by
our
sins
did
no
longer
restrain
and
obstruct
the
arts
and
fury
of
some
wicked
men
,
who
contemning
their
present
certain
enjoyments
,
hoped
for
more
wicked
acquisitions
in
publick
Troubles
;
to
overwhelm
every
part
of
the
King's
Dominions
with
a
deluge
of
Blood
and
Misery
,
and
to
commence
that
War
,
which
as
it
was
horrid
with
much
slaughter
,
so
it
was
memorable
with
the
Experiences
of
His
Majesties
Vertues
;
Confusions
,
like
Winds
,
from
every
Coast
at
once
assaulting
and
trying
His
Righteous
Soul
.
The
first
Storm
arose
from
the
North
,
and
the
flame
first
broke
out
in
Scotland
,
where
those
Lords
who
feared
they
should
lose
their
spoils
of
Religion
and
Majesty
,
took
all
occasions
to
hasten
the
publick
Misery
(
which
at
last
most
heavily
lay
upon
their
Country
,
the
hands
they
had
strengthened
and
instructed
to
fight
against
their
Prince
,
laying
a
more
unsupportable
slavery
upon
them
than
their
most
impious
Slanders
could
form
in
the
imaginations
of
the
credulous
that
they
might
fear
from
the
King
)
by
calumniating
the
King's
Government
,
raising
fears
of
Tyranny
and
Idolatry
,
forming
and
spreading
seditious
Libels
.
The
Author
,
or
at
least
the
Abettor
,
of
one
of
which
was
found
to
be
the
Lord
Balmerino
,
a
Traytor
by
nature
,
being
the
Son
of
one
who
had
before
merited
death
for
his
Treasons
to
King
James
,
yet
found
that
mercy
from
him
as
the
Son
now
did
from
King
Charles
,
to
have
his
Life
and
Estate
continued
after
condemnation
.
Yet
this
perfidious
man
interpreted
the
King's
Clemency
for
his
own
Vertue
;
and
he
that
had
dared
such
a
Crime
,
could
not
be
changed
by
the
Pardon
of
it
;
and
as
if
he
had
rather
received
an
Injury
than
Life
,
he
was
the
most
active
in
the
approaching
Rebellion
.
[
Anno
1637.
]
For
the
Rabble
,
that
delights
in
Tumults
,
were
fitted
by
this
and
other
Boutefeus
for
any
occasion
of
contemning
the
King's
Authority
(
though
His
designs
,
that
were
thus
displeasing
to
the
Nobless
,
were
evidently
for
the
benefit
of
the
Populacy
)
and
at
last
took
fire
from
the
Liturgy
,
something
differing
from
ours
,
(
lest
a
full
consent
might
argue
a
dependency
upon
the
Church
of
England
)
which
some
Scotish
Bishops
had
composed
and
presented
to
the
King
for
the
use
of
their
Church
;
which
the
King
,
who
was
desirous
that
those
who
were
united
under
His
Command
might
not
be
divided
in
Worship
,
confirmed
,
and
appointed
to
be
first
read
July
13.
at
Edinburgh
,
a
City
always
pregnant
with
suspicions
and
false
rumours
.
But
it
was
entertained
with
all
the
instruments
of
Fury
that
were
present
to
a
debauched
multitude
:
for
they
flung
cudgels
and
sticks
at
the
Dean
of
Edinburgh
while
he
was
performing
his
Office
;
and
after
that
was
done
,
re-inforc'd
their
assault
upon
the
Bishops
,
whom
the
Earls
of
Roxbrough
and
Traquaire
pretended
to
protect
,
who
indured
some
affronts
,
that
their
Patience
might
provoke
a
greater
rage
in
the
Multitude
,
which
a
vigorous
punishment
had
easily
extinguish'd
.
For
they
that
are
fierce
in
a
croud
,
being
singled
,
through
their
particular
fears
become
obedient
.
And
that
rabble
that
talks
high
against
the
determinations
of
their
Prince
,
when
danger
from
the
Laws
is
within
their
ken
,
distrust
their
companions
,
and
return
to
subjection
.
But
it
soon
appeared
that
this
was
not
the
bare
effort
of
a
mutinous
Multitude
,
but
a
long-formed
Conspiracy
;
and
to
this
Multitude
,
whose
present
terrour
was
great
,
yet
would
have
been
contemptible
in
a
short
space
,
there
appeared
Parties
to
head
them
of
several
Orders
.
Who
presently
digested
their
Partisans
into
several
Tables
,
and
concocted
this
Mutiny
into
a
formal
Rebellion
.
To
prosecute
which
they
mutually
obliged
themselves
and
the
whole
Nation
in
a
Covenant
to
extirpate
Episcopacy
,
and
whatsoever
they
pleased
to
brand
with
the
odious
names
of
Heresie
and
Superstition
,
and
to
defend
each
other
against
all
Persons
,
not
excepting
the
King
.
To
reduce
this
people
to
more
peaceful
Practices
,
the
King
sends
Marquess
Hamilton
(
one
who
being
caressed
by
His
Majesties
Favour
had
risen
to
such
a
degree
of
wealth
and
greatness
,
that
now
he
dreamed
of
nothing
less
than
Empire
to
bring
his
power
to
perfection
,
at
least
to
be
Monarch
of
Scotland
,
to
which
he
had
some
pretensions
by
his
birth
)
as
His
Commissioner
.
Who
with
a
species
of
Loyalty
dissembled
that
pleasure
which
he
took
in
the
opposition
of
the
Covenanters
,
whose
first
motions
were
secretly
directed
by
his
counsels
,
and
those
of
his
dependents
,
Traquaire
and
Roxbrough
,
for
all
his
Allies
were
of
that
party
(
contrary
to
the
custom
of
that
Country
,
where
all
the
Members
of
a
Family
espouse
the
part
of
their
Head
though
in
the
utmost
danger
:
)
and
his
Mother
rid
armed
with
Pistols
at
her
Saddle-bow
for
defence
of
the
Covenant
.
By
his
actings
there
new
seeds
of
Discontents
and
War
were
daily
sown
,
and
his
oppositions
so
faint
,
that
he
rather
encreased
than
allayed
their
fury
:
By
several
returns
to
His
Majesty
for
new
Instructions
he
gave
time
to
the
Rebels
to
consolidate
their
Conspiracy
,
to
call
home
their
Exiles
of
Poverty
that
were
in
foreign
Armies
,
and
provide
Arms
for
open
Force
:
By
his
false
representations
of
the
state
of
things
,
he
induced
the
King
to
temporize
with
the
too-potent
Corruption
of
that
Nation
(
an
artifice
King
JAMES
had
sometimes
practised
)
and
by
granting
their
desires
,
to
make
them
sensible
of
the
evils
which
would
flow
from
their
own
counsels
.
Therefore
the
King
gave
Order
for
revoking
the
Liturgy
,
the
High-Commission
,
the
Book
of
Canons
,
and
the
Five
Articles
of
Perth
.
But
the
Covenanters
were
more
insolent
by
these
Concessions
,
because
they
had
gotten
that
by
unlawful
courses
and
unjust
force
which
Modesty
and
Submission
had
never
obtained
;
and
imputing
these
Grants
to
the
King's
Weakness
,
not
his
Goodness
,
they
proceeded
to
bolder
Attempts
:
Indicted
an
Assembly
without
Him
,
in
which
they
abolished
Episcopacy
;
excommunicated
the
Bishops
and
all
that
adhered
to
them
.
Afterwards
they
seised
upon
the
King's
Revenue
,
surprised
His
Forts
and
Castles
,
and
at
last
put
themselves
into
Arms.
Provoked
with
these
Injuries
the
King
amasses
a
gallant
Army
,
in
which
was
a
very
great
appearance
of
Lords
and
Gentlemen
,
and
with
these
marches
,
and
incamps
within
two
miles
of
Berwick
,
within
sight
of
the
Enemy
.
But
their
present
Condition
being
such
as
could
endure
neither
War
nor
Peace
,
they
endeavoured
to
dissipate
that
Army
,
which
they
could
not
overthrow
,
by
a
pretence
to
a
Pacification
.
For
which
they
petition'd
the
King
,
who
yielded
unto
it
out
of
His
innate
tenderness
of
His
Subjects
Blood
.
So
an
Accord
was
made
June
17.
[
Anno
1639.
]
and
the
King
disbands
His
Army
,
expecting
the
Scots
should
do
the
like
,
according
to
the
Articles
of
Agreement
.
But
they
being
delivered
from
Fear
,
would
not
be
restrained
by
Shame
from
breaking
their
Faith
.
For
no
sooner
had
the
King
disbanded
,
but
they
protested
against
the
Pacification
,
printed
many
false
Copies
of
it
,
that
might
represent
it
dishonourable
to
the
King
,
retained
their
Officers
in
pay
,
changed
the
old
Form
of
holding
Parliaments
,
invaded
the
Prerogatives
of
the
Crown
,
and
solicited
the
French
King
for
an
aid
of
men
and
money
.
This
perfidious
abuse
of
His
Majesty's
Clemency
made
those
that
judge
of
Counsels
by
the
Issue
to
censure
the
King's
Facility
.
Some
wondred
how
He
could
imagine
there
would
be
any
Moderation
in
so
corrupt
a
Generation
of
men
,
and
that
they
who
had
broken
the
Peace
out
of
a
desire
of
War
,
should
now
lay
aside
their
Arms
out
of
a
love
to
Quiet
.
That
there
would
be
always
the
same
causes
to
the
Scots
of
disturbing
England
,
and
opposing
Government
,
their
unquiet
nature
and
Covetousness
:
therefore
unless
some
strong
impression
made
them
either
unable
or
unwilling
to
distract
our
quiet
,
the
King
was
to
look
for
a
speedy
return
of
their
Injuries
.
Others
attributed
the
Accord
to
the
King's
sense
that
some
eminent
Officers
in
His
own
Camp
were
polluted
with
Counsels
not
different
from
the
Covenanters
:
and
that
Hamilton
His
Admiral
had
betrayed
the
seasons
of
fighting
by
riding
quietly
in
the
Forth
of
Edinburgh
;
and
had
secret
Conference
with
His
Mother
,
the
great
Nurse
of
the
Covenant
,
on
Ship-board
.
But
most
referred
it
to
the
King's
innate
tenderness
of
His
Subjects
Blood
,
and
to
His
Prudence
not
to
defile
His
Glory
with
the
overthrow
(
which
seemed
probable
)
of
a
contemptible
Enemy
,
where
the
gains
of
the
Victory
could
not
balance
the
hazards
of
attempting
it
.
[
Anno
1640.
]
While
men
thus
discourse
of
the
Scots
Perfidiousness
,
the
King
prepares
for
another
Army
,
and
in
order
thereto
calls
a
Parliament
in
Ireland
,
and
another
in
England
,
for
assistances
against
the
Rebels
in
Scotland
.
The
Irish
granted
Money
to
raise
and
pay
8000
men
in
Arms
,
and
furnish
them
with
Ammunition
.
Yet
this
Example
,
with
the
King's
account
of
the
Injuries
done
to
Him
and
this
Nation
by
the
Scots
,
and
his
promise
of
for
ever
acquitting
them
of
Ship-money
if
now
they
would
freely
assist
Him
,
prevailed
nothing
upon
the
English
Parliament
,
whom
the
Faction
drew
aside
to
other
Counsels
.
And
when
the
King
sent
Sir
Henry
Vane
to
re-mind
them
of
His
desires
,
and
to
demand
Twelve
Subsidies
,
yet
to
accept
of
Six
,
he
industriously
(
as
was
collected
from
His
own
and
His
Sons
following
practices
)
insisted
upon
the
Twelve
,
without
insinuation
of
the
lesser
quantity
His
Majesty
would
be
contented
with
;
which
gave
such
an
opportunity
and
matter
for
seditious
Harangues
,
that
the
House
was
so
exasperated
,
as
that
they
were
about
to
Remonstrate
against
the
War
with
Scotland
.
To
prevent
this
ominous
effect
of
the
falseness
of
His
Servant
,
the
King
was
forced
to
dissolve
the
Parliament
May
5.
yet
continued
the
Convocation
,
which
granted
Him
4
s.
in
the
pound
for
all
their
Ecclesiastical
Promotions
.
But
the
Laiety
that
in
the
House
had
not
time
to
declame
against
His
Majesties
Proceedings
,
did
it
without
doors
;
for
being
dispersed
to
their
homes
,
they
filled
all
places
with
suspicious
Rumours
and
high
Discontents
:
and
in
Southwark
there
was
an
open
Mutiny
began
,
which
was
not
pacified
without
much
danger
,
and
the
Execution
of
the
principal
Leaders
.
The
King
thus
betrayed
,
defamed
and
deserted
by
those
who
should
have
considered
that
in
His
Honour
their
Safety
was
embarqued
,
though
He
had
no
less
cause
to
fear
secret
Conspiracies
at
Home
,
which
were
more
dangerous
because
obscure
,
than
the
Scots
publick
Hostility
;
yet
vigorously
prosecuted
His
undertaking
,
and
raised
a
sufficient
Army
:
but
could
not
do
it
with
equal
speed
to
His
Enemies
,
who
had
soon
re-united
their
dispersed
Forces
;
and
incouraged
by
the
Faction
,
with
whom
they
held
Intelligence
,
in
England
,
contented
not
themselves
to
stand
upon
the
defence
,
but
invaded
us
,
and
advanced
so
far
before
all
the
King's
Army
could
be
gathered
together
,
that
they
gave
a
defeat
to
a
Party
of
it
ere
the
Rear
could
be
brought
up
by
the
Earl
of
Strafford
,
who
was
appointed
General
,
or
the
King
could
come
to
encourage
them
with
His
Presence
.
He
was
no
sooner
arrived
at
His
Army
,
but
there
followed
Him
from
some
English
Lords
a
Petition
,
conformable
to
the
Scotch
Remonstrance
,
which
they
called
the
Intentions
of
the
Army
.
So
that
His
Majesty
might
justly
fear
some
attempts
in
the
South
,
while
He
was
thus
defending
Himself
from
the
Northern
injuries
.
The
King
answered
the
Petitioners
,
That
before
their
Petition
came
He
had
resolved
to
summon
all
the
Peers
to
consult
what
would
be
most
for
the
Safety
of
the
Nation
and
His
own
Honour
.
Who
accordingly
met
,
Sept.
24.
Where
it
was
determined
that
a
Parliament
should
be
called
to
meet
,
Nov.
3.
and
in
the
mean
time
a
Cessation
should
be
made
with
the
Scots
,
with
whom
some
Commissioners
from
the
Parliament
should
Treat
.
Novemb.
3.
began
that
Fatal
Parliament
,
which
was
so
transported
by
the
Arts
of
some
unquiet
persons
,
that
they
dishonoured
the
name
and
hopes
of
a
Parliament
,
ingulfed
the
Nation
in
a
Sea
of
Blood
,
ruined
the
King
,
and
betrayed
all
their
own
Priviledges
and
the
People's
Liberty
into
the
power
of
a
Phanatick
and
perfidious
Army
.
And
although
His
Majesty
could
not
hope
to
find
them
moderate
,
yet
He
endeavoured
to
make
them
so
;
telling
them
at
their
meeting
,
that
He
was
resolved
to
put
Himself
freely
upon
the
Affections
of
His
English
Subjects
;
that
He
would
satisfie
all
their
just
Grievances
,
and
not
leave
to
malice
it self
a
shadow
to
doubt
of
His
desire
to
make
this
a
glorious
and
flourishing
Kingdom
.
He
commended
to
their
care
the
chasing
out
of
the
Rebels
,
the
Provisions
of
His
own
Army
,
and
the
Relief
of
the
oppressed
Northern
Counties
.
But
the
Malignity
of
some
few
,
and
the
Iguorance
of
more
,
employed
that
Assembly
in
other
matters
:
First
,
In
purging
their
House
of
all
such
as
they
conceived
would
not
comply
with
their
destructive
enterprises
;
and
for
such
men
they
either
found
some
fault
with
their
Elections
,
or
made
them
Criminals
in
some
publick
Grievance
;
though
others
of
a
deeper
guilt
they
kept
among
them
,
that
their
Offences
might
make
them
obnoxious
to
their
power
,
and
obsequious
to
their
commands
.
Then
with
composed
Harangues
they
declaimed
upon
the
publick
Grievances
,
and
reckoned
up
casual
Misfortunes
amongst
designed
Abuses
of
Government
,
every
way
raising
up
Contumelies
against
the
present
Power
:
and
that
which
was
fullest
of
Detraction
and
Envy
was
applauded
as
most
pregnant
with
Liberty
.
Thus
pretending
several
Injuries
had
been
done
to
the
People
,
they
raised
the
Multitude
to
hopes
of
an
unimaginable
Liberty
,
and
a
discontent
with
the
present
Government
.
After
this
they
set
free
all
the
Martyrs
of
Sedition
,
that
for
their
malignant
Libels
had
been
imprisoned
,
and
three
of
them
were
conducted
through
London
with
such
a
company
of
people
adorned
with
Rosemary
and
Bays
,
as
it
seemed
a
Triumph
over
Justice
and
those
Tribunals
that
sentenced
them
.
Then
they
fell
upon
all
the
chief
Ministers
of
State
:
they
impeached
the
Earl
of
Strafford
,
Lord
Lieutenant
of
Ireland
;
after
him
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
the
Lord
Finch
,
Keeper
of
the
Great
Seal
,
the
Judges
that
according
to
their
Oath
had
determined
Ship-money
legal
,
and
others
;
some
of
which
fled
,
those
that
were
found
were
clapt
in
Prison
:
so
that
the
King
was
soon
despoiled
of
those
that
were
able
or
faithful
to
give
Him
Counsel
,
and
others
terrified
in
their
Ministery
to
Him
.
While
the
Factious
thus
led
the
House
,
their
Partisans
without
by
their
Instructions
formed
Petitions
against
the
Government
in
Church
and
State
;
to
which
they
seduced
the
ignorant
Rabble
in
the
City
and
several
Counties
to
subscribe
,
and
in
a
tumultuous
manner
to
present
them
to
their
Patriots
.
Who
being
animated
by
the
success
of
their
Arts
,
fell
to
draw
up
a
Bill
for
Triennial
Parliaments
,
wherein
the
Power
of
calling
that
great
Council
of
the
Nation
was
,
upon
refusal
of
the
King
,
and
the
neglect
of
others
,
devolved
upon
Constables
.
Which
profanation
of
Majesty
though
the
King
disswaded
them
from
,
yet
they
persisted
in
;
and
He
passed
it
.
[
Anno
1641.
]
After
five
Months
time
(
for
so
long
a
space
they
took
to
rake
up
Matter
and
Witnesses
to
justifie
their
accusation
,
and
to
give
leisure
to
the
Court
for
Overtures
of
gainful
Offices
to
the
great
Sticklers
against
him
;
which
not
appearing
)
the
Earl
of
Strafford
is
brought
to
his
Trial
in
Westminster-Hall
before
the
Lords
as
his
Judges
:
(
the
King
,
Queen
and
Prince
sitting
behind
a
Curtain
in
an
adjoining
Gallery
)
and
round
about
the
Court
stood
the
Commons
.
His
Accusers
and
Witnesses
were
English
,
Scotch
and
Irish
,
(
and
indeed
so
brave
a
Person
could
not
be
ruined
but
by
the
pretended
hatred
of
the
whole
Empire
)
The
English
were
such
as
envied
his
Vertues
,
and
greatness
in
the
King's
Favour
.
The
Scotch
,
because
they
knew
his
Prudence
able
to
counter-work
their
Frauds
,
discover
their
impudent
Cheats
,
and
his
wise
management
to
overthrow
their
Force
.
The
Irish
hatred
arose
from
his
just
and
necessary
Severity
in
his
Government
,
whereby
he
had
reduced
them
from
so
great
a
Barbarousness
that
was
impatient
of
Peace
,
to
a
Civility
that
was
fertile
of
Plenty
;
and
by
Artifices
,
Husbandry
and
Commerce
had
rendred
that
tumultuary
Nation
so
rich
,
that
they
were
now
able
to
repay
to
the
English
Treasury
those
great
Debts
which
their
former
Troubles
and
Commotions
had
contracted
.
Although
those
of
this
Nation
were
Papists
,
and
sworn
Enemies
both
of
the
English
name
and
State
,
and
were
even
then
practising
and
meditating
their
Rebellion
,
(
which
they
hoped
more
easie
when
so
wise
a
Governour
was
removed
)
and
so
prone
enough
of
themselves
to
the
Crime
;
yet
were
they
much
caressed
by
the
Faction
,
that
these
in
the
name
of
the
whole
Kingdom
should
press
the
Earl
with
envy
to
the
Grave
.
His
Charge
consisted
of
Twenty
eight
Articles
(
that
their
number
might
cover
their
want
of
Evidence
.
)
To
all
which
the
Lieutenant
(
whose
Patience
was
not
overcome
,
nor
his
nature
changed
by
the
Reproaches
of
his
Accusers
)
answers
with
so
brave
a
Presence
of
Spirit
,
such
firm
Reasons
,
and
so
clear
an
Eloquence
,
that
he
whom
the
mercenary
Tongues
of
their
Lawyers
had
rendred
as
a
Monster
of
men
,
could
not
be
found
guilty
of
Treason
,
either
in
the
particulars
or
the
whole
.
So
that
his
Enemies
were
filled
with
madness
that
their
Charge
of
Crimes
appeared
no
other
than
a
Libel
of
Slanders
;
and
the
dis-interessed
Hearers
were
(
besides
the
pleasure
they
received
to
find
so
great
Endowments
polluted
with
no
hainous
Crimes
)
sensible
of
the
unhappiness
of
those
who
are
Ministers
of
State
among
a
Factious
people
,
where
their
prosperous
Counsels
are
not
rewarded
,
and
unsuccessful
,
though
prudent
,
are
severely
accused
:
when
they
err
,
every
one
condemns
them
,
and
their
wise
Advices
few
praise
;
for
those
that
are
benefited
envy
,
and
such
as
are
disappointed
hate
those
that
gave
them
.
And
such
seemed
the
Fate
of
this
Excellent
Counsellour
,
whom
nothing
else
but
his
great
Parts
,
his
Master's
Love
and
Trust
had
exposed
to
this
Danger
.
The
Faction
being
obstructed
this
way
,
by
the
Earl's
Innocency
and
Abilities
,
from
taking
away
his
Life
,
move
the
House
to
proceed
by
a
Bill
of
Attainder
,
to
the
making
a
Law
after
the
Fact
,
whereby
they
Vote
him
guilty
of
High
Treason
:
yet
add
a
Caution
,
that
it
should
not
be
drawn
into
a
Precedent
,
seeking
to
secure
themselves
from
a
return
of
that
Injustice
upon
themselves
which
they
acted
on
him
,
intending
to
prosecute
what
they
falsly
charged
him
with
,
the
Alteration
of
Government
.
Which
yet
passed
not
without
a
long
debate
and
contention
:
for
many
that
had
none
but
honest
hopes
,
disdained
to
administer
to
the
Interest
of
the
Faction
in
the
blood
of
so
much
Innocent
Gallantry
;
and
those
that
were
prudent
saw
how
such
an
Example
opened
the
avenues
to
ruine
of
the
best
Persons
,
when
once
exposed
to
publick
hatred
.
Therefore
they
earnestly
disswaded
such
a
proceed
.
And
fifty
nine
of
the
most
eminent
openly
dissented
when
it
came
to
the
Vote
;
whose
Names
were
afterwards
posted
,
and
marked
for
the
fury
of
the
Rabble
,
that
for
the
future
they
might
not
oppose
the
designs
of
the
Factious
,
unless
they
desired
to
be
torn
in
pieces
.
In
two
dayes
the
Lower
House
past
the
Bill
,
so
swift
were
the
Demagogues
to
shed
blood
:
but
the
Lords
House
was
a
little
more
deliberative
(
the
King
having
amongst
them
declared
His
sense
of
the
Earl's
Innocency
:
)
of
whose
slow
Resolves
the
Faction
being
impatient
,
there
came
a
seditious
rabble
of
about
5
or
6000
of
the
dregs
of
the
people
,
armed
with
Staves
and
Cudgels
,
and
other
Instruments
of
Outrage
,
(
instigated
by
the
more
unquiet
Members
both
of
the
House
of
Commons
and
the
City
)
to
the
Parliament
doors
,
clamouring
Justice
,
Justice
:
and
the
next
day
,
to
raise
their
Fury
,
there
was
a
report
spred
among
them
of
some
endeavours
to
prepare
an
Escape
for
the
Lieutenant
of
Ireland
;
therefore
with
more
fierceness
they
raised
their
clamours
,
some
objecting
Treason
to
him
,
others
their
Decay
of
Trade
,
and
each
one
either
as
he
was
instructed
(
for
some
of
the
House
of
Commons
would
be
among
them
,
to
direct
their
Fury
,
and
to
give
some
order
to
their
Tumult
,
that
it
might
appear
more
terrible
,
)
or
the
sense
of
his
own
necessities
and
lusts
led
him
,
urged
his
different
motives
for
Justice
:
and
at
last
,
heated
by
their
own
motion
and
noise
,
they
guard
the
doors
of
the
House
of
Peers
,
offer
insolencies
to
the
Lords
,
especially
the
Bishops
,
as
they
went
in
,
and
threaten
them
if
their
Votes
disagree
from
their
clamours
.
And
when
they
had
thus
made
an
assault
on
the
Liberty
of
the
Parliament
(
which
yet
was
pretended
to
be
so
Sacred
)
they
afterward
set
upon
the
neighbouring
Abby-Church
,
where
forcing
open
the
doors
they
brake
down
the
Organs
,
spoiled
all
the
Vestments
and
Ornaments
of
the
Worship
:
from
thence
they
fly
to
Court
,
and
disturb
the
Peace
of
it
with
their
undecent
and
barbarous
clamours
:
and
at
last
were
raised
to
that
impudency
,
as
to
upbraid
the
King
,
(
who
from
a
Scaffold
perswaded
them
as
they
passed
by
to
a
modest
care
of
their
own
private
affairs
)
with
an
unfitness
to
reign
.
When
some
Justices
of
the
Peace
,
according
to
the
Law
,
endeavoured
to
suppress
those
Tumults
by
imprisoning
the
most
forward
and
bold
Leaders
,
they
themselves
were
imprisoned
by
the
Command
of
the
Commons
,
upon
pretext
of
an
injury
offered
to
the
Liberties
of
the
Subject
;
of
which
one
was
(
as
they
then
dictated
)
That
every
one
might
safely
petition
the
Parliament
:
yet
when
the
Kentish
men
came
to
Petition
for
something
contrary
to
the
Gust
of
the
Faction
,
they
caused
the
City
Gates
to
be
shut
upon
them
;
and
when
other
Counties
were
meditating
Addresses
for
Peace
,
by
threatnings
they
deterred
them
from
such
honest
undertakings
.
And
when
some
prudent
Persons
minded
the
Demagogues
how
dishonourable
it
was
for
the
Parliament
not
to
suppress
such
Mutinies
,
they
replyed
,
that
their
friends
ought
rather
to
be
thanked
and
caressed
.
By
these
and
other
Arts
having
wholly
overthrown
the
freedom
of
that
Council
,
and
many
with-drawing
themselves
from
such
Outrages
,
when
scarce
the
third
part
of
the
Peers
were
present
,
the
Faction
of
that
House
likewise
passed
the
Bill
,
the
Dissenters
being
out-voted
only
by
seven
Voices
.
Yet
all
this
could
not
prevail
upon
the
King
,
though
the
Tumults
were
still
high
without
,
and
within
He
was
daily
solicited
by
the
Lords
of
His
Palace
(
who
now
looked
upon
the
Earl
as
the
Herd
doth
on
an
hurt
Deer
,
and
they
hoped
his
Blood
would
be
the
Lustration
of
the
Court
)
to
leave
the
Earl
as
a
Sacrifice
to
the
Vulgar
Rage
.
Nor
did
the
King
any
ways
yield
,
till
the
Judges
(
who
were
now
obsequious
to
the
pleasures
of
the
Parliament
)
declared
He
might
do
it
by
Law
,
and
the
Earl
by
his
own
Letters
devoted
himself
as
a
Victim
for
the
publick
Peace
and
His
Majesties
Safety
:
and
then
overcome
with
Importunities
on
all
hands
,
and
being
abused
by
bad
dealing
of
the
Judges
(
as
Himself
complained
to
the
Bishops
whom
He
consulted
in
that
Case
,
and
the
Bishop
of
London
,
who
was
one
of
them
,
answered
,
That
if
the
King
in
Conscience
found
him
not
guilty
,
He
ought
not
to
pass
the
Bill
;
but
for
matter
of
Law
,
what
was
Treason
,
he
referred
Him
to
the
Judges
,
who
,
according
to
their
Oath
,
ought
to
carry
themselves
indifferently
betwixt
Him
and
His
Subjects
:
)
The
other
four
Bishops
that
were
then
consulted
,
Durham
,
Lincoln
,
Carlisle
,
and
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Armagh
,
were
not
so
free
as
the
Bishop
of
London
was
,
and
therefore
the
King
observed
a
special
blessing
of
God
upon
him
.
He
at
last
with
much
reluctancy
signed
a
Commission
to
some
Lords
to
pass
that
Bill
of
Attainder
,
and
another
for
Continuation
of
the
Parliament
during
the
pleasure
of
the
Two
Houses
.
The
passing
of
these
two
Bills
,
as
some
thought
,
wounded
the
King's
Greatness
more
than
any
thing
He
ever
did
.
The
first
,
because
it
cut
off
a
most
exquisite
Instrument
of
Empire
,
and
a
most
faithful
Servant
:
and
none
did
more
make
use
of
this
to
pollute
His
Honour
,
than
those
who
had
even
forced
Him
to
it
;
like
those
malignant
and
damned
Spirits
who
upbraid
unhappy
Souls
with
those
Crimes
and
ruines
to
which
they
themselves
have
tempted
and
betrayed
them
.
But
the
heaviest
Censor
was
Himself
,
for
He
never
left
bewailing
His
Compliance
,
or
rather
Connivence
,
with
this
Murder
,
till
the
issue
of
His
Blood
dried
up
those
of
His
Tears
.
By
the
other
Bill
He
had
,
as
some
censured
,
renounced
His
Crown
,
and
granted
it
to
those
men
who
at
present
exercised
so
Arbitrary
a
Power
,
that
they
wanted
nothing
but
length
of
time
to
be
reputed
Kings
,
and
this
they
now
had
gotten
.
But
the
more
Speculative
concluded
it
an
act
of
especial
Prudence
,
for
the
King
made
that
an
evidence
of
His
sincere
intention
to
oblige
His
people
,
and
overcome
the
Malice
of
His
Enemies
with
Benefits
:
which
the
Faction
would
have
usurped
,
and
by
the
boldness
of
the
attempt
ingaged
the
People
to
them
as
the
only
Patrons
of
their
Liberty
.
And
they
were
furnished
with
an
Example
for
it
by
their
Confederates
in
Scotland
,
who
indicted
an
Assembly
without
the
King's
leave
,
and
continued
it
against
His
pleasure
;
and
(
as
all
imitations
of
Crimes
exceed
their
first
pattern
)
it
was
conceived
these
men
whose
furies
were
more
unjust
,
and
so
would
be
more
fierce
,
intended
to
improve
that
Precedent
to
the
extremest
guilt
.
The
Bill
was
no
sooner
signed
,
but
they
hastened
the
Execution
;
and
so
much
the
more
eagerly
,
because
the
King
desired
,
in
a
most
passionate
Letter
delivered
by
the
Prince
to
the
Lords
,
that
that
Excellent
Soul
which
found
so
much
Injustice
on
Earth
,
might
have
the
more
time
to
fit
it self
for
the
Mercy
of
Heaven
.
But
this
favour
which
became
Christians
to
grant
,
agreed
not
with
the
Religion
of
his
Adversaries
,
and
therefore
the
second
day
after
he
was
brought
to
the
Scaffold
on
Tower-Hill
,
(
in
his
Passage
thither
he
had
a
sight
of
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
whose
Prayers
and
Blessing
he
with
a
low
Obeisance
begged
,
and
the
most
pious
Prelate
bestowed
them
with
Tears
,
)
where
with
a
greater
presence
of
mind
than
he
had
looked
his
Enemies
in
the
face
did
he
encounter
Death
,
and
submitted
his
neck
to
the
stroke
of
the
Executioner
.
He
was
a
person
of
a
generous
Spirit
,
fitted
for
the
noblest
enterprises
,
and
the
most
difficult
parts
of
Empire
.
His
Counsels
were
bold
,
yet
just
,
and
he
had
a
Vigour
proper
for
the
Execution
of
them
.
Of
an
Eloquence
,
next
to
that
of
His
Master's
,
masculine
,
and
most
excellent
.
He
was
no
less
affectionate
to
the
Church
than
to
the
State
,
and
not
contented
while
living
to
defend
the
Government
and
Patrimony
of
it
,
he
commended
it
also
to
his
Son
when
he
was
about
to
die
,
and
charged
his
abhorrency
of
Sacrilege
.
His
Enemies
called
the
Majesty
of
his
Miene
in
his
Lieutenancy
,
Pride
,
and
the
undaunted
execution
of
his
Office
on
the
contumacious
,
the
Insolency
of
his
fortune
.
He
was
censured
for
committing
that
fatal
Errour
of
following
the
King
to
London
and
to
the
Parliament
after
the
Pacification
with
the
Scots
at
York
;
and
it
was
thought
,
that
if
he
had
gone
over
to
his
charge
in
Ireland
,
he
might
have
secured
both
himself
and
that
Kingdom
for
His
Majesties
Service
.
But
some
attributed
this
Counsel
to
a
necessity
of
Fate
,
whose
first
stroke
is
at
the
brain
of
those
whom
it
designs
to
ruine
,
and
brought
him
to
feel
the
effects
of
Popular
Rage
,
which
himself
in
former
Parliaments
had
used
against
Government
,
and
to
find
the
Experience
of
his
own
advices
against
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
.
Providence
teaching
us
to
abhor
over-fine
Counsels
by
the
mischiefs
they
bring
upon
their
Authors
.
The
Fall
of
this
Great
Man
so
terrified
the
other
Officers
of
State
,
that
the
Lord
High
Treasurer
resigned
his
Staff
to
the
Hands
from
whence
he
received
it
;
the
Lord
Cottington
forsook
the
Mastership
of
the
Court
of
Wards
;
and
the
Guardian
of
the
Prince
returned
Him
to
the
King
:
These
Lords
parting
with
their
Offices
,
like
those
that
scatter
their
Treasure
and
Jewels
in
the
way
,
that
they
might
delude
the
violence
of
their
greedy
pursuers
.
But
the
King
was
left
●aked
of
their
faithful
Ministery
,
and
exposed
to
the
Infusions
and
Informations
of
those
who
were
either
Complices
or
Mercenaries
to
the
Faction
,
to
whom
they
discovered
his
most
private
Counsels
.
When
the
Earl
of
Strafford
was
dead
,
then
did
the
Parliament
begin
to
think
of
sending
away
the
Scots
,
who
hitherto
had
much
impoverished
the
Northern
Counties
,
and
increased
the
charges
of
the
Nation
:
but
now
they
were
Voted
to
receive
300000
pound
,
under
the
notion
of
a
Brotherly
Assistance
,
but
in
truth
,
designed
by
the
Faction
,
as
a
reward
for
their
Clamours
for
the
Earls
Blood
;
yet
were
they
kept
so
long
till
the
King
had
passed
away
more
of
His
Prerogative
,
in
signing
the
Bills
to
take
away
the
High-Commission
and
the
Star-Chamber
.
After
which
spoils
of
Majesty
they
disband
the
English
and
the
Scotch
Armies
,
August
6.
and
on
the
10.
of
that
Month
the
King
follows
them
into
Scotland
,
to
settle
,
if
it
were
possible
,
that
Kingdom
.
But
the
King
still
found
them
as
before
:
when
He
satisfied
their
greedy
appetites
,
then
would
they
offer
Him
their
Lives
and
Fortunes
;
but
when
gain
or
advantage
appeared
from
His
Enemies
,
they
appeared
in
their
proper
nature
ungrateful
,
changeable
and
perfidious
,
whom
no
favours
could
oblige
,
nor
any
thing
but
Ruine
was
to
be
expected
by
building
upon
their
Love
.
While
the
King
was
in
Scotland
labouring
to
settle
that
Nation
by
granting
all
that
the
Covetousness
and
Ambition
of
their
Leaders
pretended
was
for
the
Publick
good
,
and
so
aimed
at
no
less
than
a
Miracle
,
by
His
Benefits
to
reduce
Faith
(
which
,
like
Life
,
when
it
is
once
departed
doth
never
naturally
return
)
into
those
perfidious
breasts
;
the
Parliament
adjourns
,
and
leaves
a
standing
Committee
of
such
as
were
the
Leaders
or
the
Servants
of
the
Faction
.
These
prepared
new
Toils
for
His
Majesties
Return
,
and
by
them
was
the
Grand
Remonstrance
formed
:
in
it
were
reckoned
for
Grievances
all
the
Complaints
of
men
that
were
impatient
of
Laws
and
Government
;
the
Offences
of
Courtiers
,
the
unpleasing
Resolves
of
Judges
,
the
Neglects
or
Rigours
of
the
Ministers
of
Justice
,
the
undigested
Sermons
of
some
Preachers
,
yea
,
the
Positions
of
some
Divines
in
the
Schools
,
were
all
exaggerated
to
defame
the
present
Government
both
in
Church
and
State
,
and
to
magnifie
the
skill
of
these
State-Physicians
that
offered
Prescripts
for
all
these
Distempers
.
Besides
,
more
easily
to
abuse
the
Vulgar
,
who
reckon
Misfortunes
as
Crimes
,
unpleasing
accidents
were
represented
as
designs
of
Tyranny
;
and
those
things
which
had
been
reformed
,
were
yet
mentioned
as
continued
burthens
.
From
which
the
people
were
assured
there
could
be
no
deliverance
but
by
the
wisdom
and
magnanimity
of
the
Remonstrants
.
To
prepare
the
way
for
this
,
the
most
opprobrious
parts
of
it
were
first
whispered
among
the
Populacy
,
that
by
this
seeming
suppression
men
impatient
of
Secrets
might
more
eagerly
divulge
them
,
and
the
danger
appear
greater
by
an
affected
silence
.
Then
prodigious
Calumnies
(
which
none
but
souls
prone
to
any
wickedness
could
believe
of
so
Great
a
man
)
were
formed
of
the
King
,
and
such
suspicions
raised
of
Him
and
His
Friends
,
as
might
force
them
to
some
Injuries
which
hitherto
they
forbore
,
and
by
securing
themselves
increase
the
Publick
fears
.
For
Slanders
do
rather
provoke
most
men
than
amend
them
;
and
the
provoked
think
more
of
their
safety
,
than
to
adjust
their
actions
against
their
malicious
Slanderers
.
And
when
the
minds
of
men
were
made
thus
solicitous
concerning
Dangers
from
the
King
,
to
make
them
more
pliable
and
ductile
,
there
was
represented
to
them
an
inevitable
anger
of
Heaven
against
the
present
state
of
things
both
in
Church
and
State
,
testified
by
many
Prodigies
that
were
related
,
and
portentuous
Presages
of
Ruine
.
Certain
Prophecies
(
for
a
credulity
to
which
the
English
Vulgar
are
infamous
)
from
unknown
Oracles
are
divulged
,
which
enigmatically
describe
the
King
as
a
Monster
,
and
from
such
a
Prince
must
proceed
a
change
of
Government
.
Some
vain
persons
also
,
that
gave
themselves
up
to
the
Imposture
of
Astrology
,
were
hired
to
terrifie
the
people
with
the
unsignificant
Conjunctions
of
Stars
,
and
from
them
to
foretell
ruines
to
the
better
part
of
the
World
,
and
an
imminent
destruction
on
men
of
the
Long
Robe
,
and
Alterations
of
States
.
These
were
done
to
temper
the
minds
of
men
by
a
superstition
for
a
guidance
of
their
Ministers
,
who
being
conceived
to
be
the
Ambassadours
of
Heaven
,
were
supposed
to
have
it
in
their
Commission
,
to
declare
the
Conditions
of
War
and
Peace
:
and
these
,
either
through
the
same
weakness
capable
of
the
like
terrors
with
the
Vulgar
,
or
(
which
is
more
to
be
abhorred
)
corrupted
,
as
some
were
,
by
the
Caresses
and
gainful
hopes
that
the
Faction
baited
them
with
,
did
justifie
their
fears
,
and
increase
them
by
applying
some
obscure
Prophecies
in
Scripture
to
the
present
Times
and
People
;
compared
the
pretended
Corruptions
of
our
Church
with
the
Idolatries
of
Israel
,
and
whatsoever
was
condemned
in
the
Holy
Records
,
was
parallel'd
with
the
things
they
disliked
here
,
and
all
the
Curses
that
God
poured
upon
His
irreconcileable
and
obdurate
enemies
,
were
denounced
against
such
as
differ'd
from
them
,
or
would
not
joyn
with
the
Faction
.
To
make
these
Harangues
more
efficacious
,
the
Authors
of
them
received
the
Reverence
of
the
Demagogues
,
who
(
despising
,
questioning
and
exposing
to
Affronts
such
sober
Divines
as
would
have
cured
the
madness
of
the
People
,
)
appropriated
to
such
Teachers
the
Titles
of
Saints
,
Faithful
Ministers
,
Pretious
men
;
and
they
on
the
other
side
made
a
return
of
Epithets
to
their
Masters
,
of
the
Servants
of
the
Most
High
,
such
as
were
to
do
the
Work
of
the
Lord
;
That
by
their
Counsels
men
were
to
expect
new
Heavens
and
a
new
Earth
;
that
they
were
men
that
should
prepare
the
Kingdom
for
Jesus
Christ
,
and
lay
the
Foundations
of
the
Empire
of
the
Saints
which
was
to
last
a
Thousand
years
.
To
make
the
Cry
yet
louder
,
they
permitted
all
Sects
and
Heresies
a
Licence
of
publick
profession
,
(
which
hitherto
Discipline
,
the
Care
of
the
Common
Peace
and
Religion
had
confined
to
secret
corners
)
and
permitted
the
Office
of
Teaching
to
every
bold
and
ignorant
undertaker
;
so
that
at
last
the
dregs
of
the
People
usurped
that
Dignity
,
and
Women
,
who
had
parted
with
the
natural
modesty
of
their
Sex
,
would
not
only
speak
,
but
also
rule
in
the
Church
.
All
these
,
in
gratitude
for
their
Licentiousness
,
still
perswaded
to
their
hearers
the
admiration
of
the
Authors
of
it
,
and
bitterly
inveighed
against
those
whom
the
Care
both
of
the
Souls
and
Fortunes
of
men
would
excite
to
repress
them
,
in
many
of
their
Raptures
denouncing
Wo
and
Judgement
to
the
lawful
Governours
in
Church
and
State
.
While
all
these
Methods
of
Ruine
were
preparing
here
,
the
same
anger
of
God
,
the
same
madness
of
men
raised
up
another
Tempest
in
Ireland
.
For
the
Popish
Lords
and
Priests
of
Ireland
(
who
were
the
prime
composers
of
the
Tragedies
there
,
)
were
incouraged
by
the
Success
of
the
Scots
,
who
by
a
prosperous
Rebellion
(
as
the
Historian
of
those
Troubles
writes
)
had
procured
for
themselves
such
large
Privileges
,
to
an
imitation
,
which
the
present
Jealousies
in
England
(
where
mutual
Contrasts
would
employ
all
their
force
upon
one
another
,
)
promised
to
be
secure
.
And
they
had
an
happy
opportunity
by
the
Vacancy
in
Government
through
the
slaughter
of
the
Earl
of
Strafford
,
with
whom
the
Irish
Lords
(
while
they
prosecuted
him
in
England
)
had
removed
all
those
other
inferiour
Magistrates
that
were
most
skilfull
in
the
affairs
of
that
Kingdom
,
by
accusing
to
the
Faction
some
of
them
of
Treason
,
and
others
of
an
inclination
to
the
Earl
,
and
had
got
preferred
to
their
charges
such
as
were
either
altogether
unacquainted
with
the
Genius
of
that
People
,
or
favourers
of
the
Conspiracy
.
A
strength
they
had
also
ready
;
for
those
8000
which
had
been
listed
for
the
Scotish
Expedition
were
unseasonably
disbanded
,
and
the
King
in
foresight
they
might
cause
some
mischief
in
their
own
Country
,
had
therefore
promised
4000
of
them
to
the
King
of
Spain
:
yet
would
not
the
Parliament
consent
to
their
departure
,
because
(
as
the
Irish
Lords
suggested
)
it
would
displease
the
King
of
France
;
and
when
the
King
promised
to
send
as
many
to
the
French
Camp
,
that
likewise
was
not
relished
.
The
Common
Souldiers
of
that
Army
being
thus
made
useless
,
and
therefore
like
men
of
their
employment
most
fierce
when
they
were
to
be
dismissed
from
the
dangers
of
War
,
were
easily
drawn
into
the
Rebellion
,
although
very
few
of
their
Officers
were
polluted
with
the
Crime
.
The
Irish
Lords
and
Priests
being
allured
by
these
our
Vices
and
these
several
opportunities
,
began
their
Rebellion
Octob.
23.
The
Irish
throughout
that
whole
Kingdom
on
a
sudden
invading
the
unprovided
English
that
were
scattered
among
them
,
despoiling
them
of
their
Estates
,
Goods
,
and
many
thousands
of
their
Lives
,
without
any
respect
of
Sex
,
Age
,
Kindred
,
or
Friendship
,
and
made
them
as
so
many
Sacrifices
to
their
bloody
Superstition
.
They
missed
but
a
little
to
have
surprised
Dublin
.
But
their
Conspiracy
being
detected
there
and
in
some
few
other
places
,
the
English
name
and
interest
was
preserved
in
that
Kingdom
,
till
they
could
receive
Succours
from
hence
.
The
King
had
the
first
intelligence
of
it
,
in
its
very
beginnings
,
in
Scotland
,
and
thereupon
sent
Sir
James
Stuart
to
the
Lords
of
the
Privy
Council
in
Ireland
,
to
acquaint
them
with
His
Knowledge
,
and
Instructions
,
and
to
carry
all
that
Money
that
His
present
Stores
could
supply
.
Besides
,
He
moves
the
Parliament
of
Scotland
,
as
being
nearest
,
to
a
speedy
help
;
who
decline
their
Aids
,
because
Ireland
was
dependent
upon
the
Crown
of
England
.
At
the
same
time
also
He
sends
post
to
the
Parliament
of
England
;
who
less
regard
it
,
the
Faction
applauding
their
fortune
,
that
new
Troubles
were
arisen
to
molest
the
King
,
and
that
the
Royal
Power
being
thus
assaulted
in
all
three
Nations
,
there
must
shortly
arise
so
many
new
Common-wealths
.
Besides
that
it
yielded
fresh
matter
of
reproach
to
His
Majesty
,
to
whose
Counsels
at
first
secretly
they
whispered
,
and
at
last
publickly
imputed
that
horrid
Massacre
.
Which
Slanders
were
coloured
by
the
Arts
of
the
Irish
Rebels
,
who
,
to
dishearten
the
English
from
any
resistance
,
bragged
that
the
Queen
was
with
their
Army
;
That
the
King
would
come
amongst
them
with
Auxiliary
Forces
;
That
they
did
but
maintain
His
Cause
against
the
Puritans
;
That
they
had
the
Kings
Commission
for
what
they
did
,
shewing
indeed
a
Patent
that
themselves
had
drawn
,
but
thereto
was
affixed
an
Old
broad
Seal
that
had
been
taken
from
an
obsolete
Patent
out
of
Farnham
Abby
,
by
one
Plunckett
,
in
the
presence
of
many
of
their
Lords
and
Priests
,
as
was
afterwards
attested
by
the
Confession
of
many
.
That
the
Scots
were
in
confederacy
with
them
,
to
beget
a
faith
of
which
,
they
abstained
from
the
lives
and
fortunes
of
those
of
that
Nation
among
them
.
On
the
other
side
,
to
encourage
the
Natives
of
their
own
party
,
they
produce
fictitious
Letters
,
wherein
they
were
informed
from
England
that
the
Parliament
had
passed
an
Act
,
that
all
the
Irish
should
be
compelled
to
the
Protestant
Worship
;
that
for
the
first
offence
they
should
forfeit
all
their
Goods
,
for
the
second
their
Estates
,
and
for
the
third
their
Lives
.
Besides
,
they
present
them
with
the
hopes
of
Liberty
:
That
the
English
Yoke
should
be
shaken
off
;
that
they
would
have
a
King
of
their
own
Nation
;
and
that
the
Goods
and
Estates
of
the
English
should
be
divided
among
the
Natives
.
And
with
these
hopes
of
Spoil
and
Liberty
the
Irish
were
driven
to
such
a
Fury
,
that
they
committed
so
many
horrid
and
barbarous
acts
as
scarce
ever
any
Age
or
People
were
guilty
of
.
In
the
mean
while
nothing
was
done
for
the
relief
of
the
poor
English
there
,
but
only
some
Votes
passed
against
the
Rebels
,
till
the
King
returned
to
London
,
which
was
about
the
end
of
November
:
where
He
with
the
Queen
and
the
Prince
were
magnificently
feasted
by
the
Citizens
,
and
the
Chief
of
them
afterwards
by
Him
at
Hampton-Court
.
For
he
never
neglected
any
honest
Arts
to
gain
His
Peoples
love
;
to
which
they
were
naturally
prone
enough
,
had
not
His
Enemies
methods
and
impulses
depraved
their
Genius
.
But
this
much
troubled
the
Faction
,
who
envied
that
Reverence
to
Majesty
in
others
which
was
not
in
themselves
,
and
they
endeavoured
to
make
these
loves
short
and
unhappy
;
for
they
discountenanced
the
prime
advancers
of
this
Honour
to
the
King
,
and
were
more
eager
to
render
Him
odious
.
For
having
gotten
a
Guard
about
them
,
they
likewise
insinuated
into
the
people
dangerous
apprehensions
as
the
cause
of
that
Guard
,
and
every
day
grew
more
nice
,
and
jealous
of
their
Priviledges
,
and
Power
.
The
King's
advices
to
more
tenderness
of
His
Prerogative
,
or
His
Advertisements
of
the
scandalous
Speeches
that
were
uttered
in
their
House
,
they
interpret
as
encroachments
upon
their
Grandeur
,
and
upbraided
the
King
for
them
in
their
Petitions
to
Him
.
But
their
greatest
effort
upon
Majesty
was
the
Remonstrance
;
after
which
they
took
all
occasions
to
magnifie
the
apprehensions
of
those
Fears
which
they
had
falsly
pretended
to
in
it
.
This
the
Faction
had
before
formed
,
and
now
brought
into
the
House
of
Commons
;
where
it
found
a
strong
opposition
by
those
wise
men
that
were
tender
of
the
publick
Peace
and
Common
Good
:
though
those
who
preferred
their
Private
to
the
General
Interest
,
and
every
one
that
was
short-sighted
and
improvident
for
the
future
,
were
so
fierce
for
it
,
that
the
Debates
were
continued
all
night
till
ten
a
clock
the
next
morning
,
so
that
many
of
the
more
aged
,
and
persons
of
best
fortunes
(
not
accustomed
to
such
watchings
)
were
wearied
out
,
and
many
others
,
not
daring
to
provoke
the
Faction
in
this
their
grand
Design
,
left
the
House
;
so
that
at
last
they
carried
it
,
yet
but
by
eleven
Votes
.
Which
they
presented
with
a
Petition
to
take
away
the
Votes
of
Bishops
in
the
House
of
Lords
,
and
the
Ceremonies
in
the
Church
,
and
to
remove
those
Persons
from
His
Trust
which
they
could
not
confide
in
;
yet
named
none
,
but
only
accused
all
under
the
name
of
a
Malignant
Popish
Party
.
Which
they
had
no
sooner
delivered
than
they
caused
it
to
be
published
in
Print
.
To
which
the
King
answers
in
another
publick
Declaration
,
but
so
much
to
the
discontent
of
the
Demagogues
,
to
find
their
Methods
of
Ruine
so
fully
discovered
as
they
were
in
His
Majesties
Answer
,
that
they
had
recourse
to
their
former
sovereign
Remedy
,
which
sober
men
accounted
a
crime
,
and
an
indignity
to
Government
,
the
Tumults
of
the
Rabble
.
Who
in
great
numbers
and
much
confusion
came
up
to
Westminster
,
some
crying
out
against
Bishops
,
others
belching
their
fury
against
the
Liturgy
,
and
a
third
party
roaring
that
the
Power
of
the
Militia
should
be
taken
out
of
the
King's
hands
.
To
their
Clamours
they
added
rude
Affronts
to
those
Lords
whom
their
Leaders
had
taught
them
to
hate
,
and
especially
to
the
Bishops
,
at
their
going
in
or
coming
out
of
the
House
:
and
afterwards
drawing
up
to
White-Hall
,
they
appeared
so
insolent
,
as
it
was
evident
they
wanted
only
some
to
begin
,
for
there
were
enough
to
prosecute
an
Assault
upon
the
King
in
His
own
Palace
.
The
Bishops
thus
rudely
excluded
from
their
Right
and
Liberty
of
coming
to
the
Parliament
,
Twelve
of
them
afterwards
protest
against
the
Proceedings
of
it
,
during
their
so
violent
Exclusion
.
Which
Protestation
the
Commons
presently
accused
of
High
Treason
,
and
caused
their
Commitment
to
the
Tower
;
where
they
continued
them
till
the
Bill
against
their
Votes
in
the
Lords
House
was
past
,
that
they
might
not
produce
their
Reasons
for
their
Rights
,
and
against
the
Injustice
offered
unto
them
,
and
then
afterwards
released
them
.
The
King
also
saw
it
necessary
to
take
a
Guard
of
such
Gentlemen
as
offered
their
Service
for
His
Safety
,
and
to
prevent
the
prophaning
of
Majesty
by
the
rude
fury
of
the
People
,
who
used
to
make
their
Addresses
acceptable
at
Westminster
,
by
offering
in
their
passage
some
base
Affronts
at
White-Hall
.
But
when
the
terrour
of
this
Guard
had
reduced
them
to
some
less
degree
of
Impudency
,
they
then
,
instructed
by
their
Heads
,
laboured
to
make
it
more
unsafe
to
the
King
,
by
seeking
to
raise
the
Rage
and
Jealousie
of
the
whole
City
against
Him
.
For
at
midnight
there
were
cries
out
in
the
Street
,
that
all
People
should
arise
to
their
defence
;
for
the
King
with
His
Papists
were
coming
to
fire
the
City
,
and
cut
their
throats
in
their
beds
.
Than
which
though
nothing
was
more
false
,
yet
it
found
the
effects
of
truth
;
and
the
People
by
such
Alarms
being
terrified
from
sleep
,
the
impressions
of
those
nightly
fears
lay
long
upon
their
Spirits
in
the
day
,
and
filled
them
almost
with
Madness
.
The
King
therefore
,
not
alwaies
to
incourage
these
Violences
with
Patience
,
but
at
last
by
a
course
of
Justice
to
take
off
those
whom
He
had
found
to
be
the
Authors
of
these
destructive
Counsels
,
the
grand
Movers
of
these
Seditious
practices
,
and
,
which
was
more
,
the
Inviters
of
a
Foreign
Force
,
the
Scotch
Army
,
into
this
Nation
;
commands
His
Atturney
General
to
accuse
Five
Members
of
the
House
of
Commous
,
and
one
of
the
Lords
,
upon
Articles
of
High
Treason
,
to
be
tried
according
to
the
Laws
of
the
Land
:
and
He
also
sends
some
other
Officers
to
seal
up
their
Trunks
and
Cabinets
in
their
several
Lodgings
,
and
to
secure
their
Persons
.
This
being
related
to
the
House
of
Commons
(
wherein
the
Faction
was
now
grown
more
powerful
,
and
with
whom
did
joyn
many
men
of
Integrity
in
this
Occurrence
,
being
too
careful
of
the
Priviledges
of
their
House
,
which
yet
secure
none
of
the
Members
against
Justice
for
Murder
,
Felony
,
or
Treason
)
they
were
so
far
from
admitting
the
King's
Charge
against
them
,
that
they
accused
the
King
of
breach
of
Priviledge
,
and
Vote
all
those
guilty
of
Enmity
to
the
Common-wealth
that
shall
obey
the
King
in
any
of
His
Commands
concerning
them
.
This
Obstruction
of
Justice
so
far
moved
the
King
,
together
with
the
Advice
of
some
of
His
Council
that
were
also
of
the
House
of
Commons
,
as
also
an
hope
of
rooting
up
the
Faction
this
way
,
that
none
through
the
hope
of
Concealment
should
be
incouraged
to
conspire
the
publick
Ruine
,
that
He
Himself
,
with
about
an
hundred
Lords
and
Gentlemen
and
their
followers
,
went
to
the
House
of
Commons
:
Where
commanding
His
Attendants
to
move
no
further
than
the
Stairs
,
to
offer
no
violence
,
nor
return
any
uncivil
language
to
any
although
provoked
,
Himself
with
the
Paltzgrave
only
enters
the
House
,
and
demands
that
the
Incendiaries
might
be
delivered
into
His
hands
,
with
whom
He
promises
to
deal
no
otherwise
than
according
to
the
Law
.
But
they
whom
he
sought
,
being
before
informed
(
as
it
is
reported
)
of
the
King's
coming
by
the
secret
Intelligence
of
Marquess
Hamilton
,
and
a
Court
Lady
(
who
having
lost
the
Confluence
of
Servants
with
her
Beauty
,
sought
now
to
prevent
a
solitude
by
politick
ministeries
)
had
forsook
the
place
,
and
withdrawn
themselves
into
the
Sanctuary
of
the
City
.
Wherefore
the
King
having
renewed
His
Charge
,
without
injury
to
any
immediately
departs
.
But
the
Faction
would
not
let
Him
so
rest
,
but
prosecuted
this
attempt
of
His
with
all
the
Clamours
that
they
possibly
could
raise
,
spread
the
sparks
of
Dissention
far
and
wide
,
make
the
common
people
mad
with
Fears
and
Distractions
,
stir
up
some
in
several
Counties
to
bring
Petitions
for
the
impeached
Members
and
their
Violated
Priviledges
;
and
at
last
prepare
an
armed
Rabble
disposed
into
Order
to
bring
the
accused
Demagogues
to
the
House
from
their
Coverts
in
London
.
This
coming
to
the
knowledge
of
the
King
,
although
many
Gallant
and
faithful
Persons
proffered
their
Service
by
mingling
with
the
Rout
,
or
by
being
as
Spectators
,
to
curb
any
Insolencies
that
should
be
attempted
on
Him
;
yet
was
He
resolved
to
withdraw
Himself
with
the
Queen
and
their
Children
to
Windsor
,
that
He
might
permit
their
Fury
to
languish
when
it
had
no
opposition
,
and
to
give
time
for
their
jealousies
and
rumours
to
wax
old
and
perish
.
For
the
first
Indignation
of
a
mutinous
Multitude
is
most
fierce
,
and
a
small
delay
breaks
their
consent
:
and
Majesty
would
have
a
greater
Reverence
,
if
any
,
at
a
distance
.
The
King's
Wisdom
was
perceived
by
His
Enemies
,
and
therefore
to
counterwork
it
,
and
not
to
let
the
people
sleep
without
fear
,
lest
they
should
come
to
be
sober
,
and
return
to
the
love
of
Obedience
,
strange
reports
were
every
day
brought
of
dangers
from
the
King
:
That
troops
of
Papists
were
gathered
about
Kingston
upon
the
Thames
,
where
the
County
Magazine
was
lodged
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Lord
George
Digby
,
who
was
then
famed
to
be
a
Papist
,
(
though
at
that
time
he
was
an
elegant
Assertor
of
the
Protestant
Faith
,
)
and
Col.
Lunsford
,
who
was
characterised
to
be
of
so
monstrous
an
appetite
that
he
would
eat
Children
.
And
parties
were
sent
to
take
them
both
,
which
found
no
such
dreadful
Preparations
.
At
other
times
,
when
the
People
on
the
Lord's
dayes
were
at
Divine
Worship
,
they
were
distracted
from
it
by
Alarms
,
that
the
Papists
(
who
and
from
whence
none
could
tell
)
were
up
in
Arms
,
and
were
just
then
about
to
fire
their
Houses
,
and
mix
their
Blood
with
their
Prayers
:
That
there
were
Forces
kept
in
Grotts
and
Caves
under
ground
,
that
should
in
the
night
break
out
into
the
midst
of
the
City
,
and
cut
all
their
throats
:
And
what
was
more
prodigious
,
and
though
ridiculous
,
yet
had
not
a
few
believers
in
London
,
That
there
were
designs
by
Gunpowder
to
blow
up
the
Thames
,
and
choak
them
with
the
water
in
their
beds
.
Thus
were
the
people
taught
to
hate
their
Prince
,
and
by
bloody
news
from
every
Quarter
they
were
instructed
to
that
Cruelty
which
they
vainly
feared
,
and
to
adore
those
by
whose
Counsels
they
were
delivered
from
so
unexpected
Dangers
.
By
all
this
the
Faction
gained
the
repute
of
Modesty
inferiour
to
their
supposed
Trust
,
when
they
demanded
nothing
else
but
the
Command
of
the
Tower
,
and
the
Militia
of
all
the
Counties
in
England
,
together
with
the
Forts
and
Castles
of
the
same
.
For
all
which
they
moved
the
House
of
Commons
of
petition
:
who
desiring
the
Conjuncture
of
the
Lords
in
the
same
,
were
wholly
refused
by
them
.
Therefore
stemmed
by
the
Faction
they
petition
alone
.
Which
unlimited
Power
the
King
absolutely
refused
to
grant
unto
them
,
who
He
foresaw
would
use
that
,
as
they
had
all
His
other
Concessions
,
to
the
ruine
of
the
Author
of
their
Power
.
Yet
was
pleased
to
consent
,
after
He
had
demonstrated
the
prejudice
they
required
to
the
English
Nation
,
that
they
might
send
over
an
Army
of
10000
Scots
into
Ireland
,
and
deliver
unto
them
the
strong
Town
and
Port
of
Carick
fergus
,
one
of
the
Chief
Keys
of
that
Kingdom
:
which
was
done
to
oblige
the
Scots
to
them
in
their
future
designs
.
And
also
He
was
pleased
to
wave
the
Prosecution
of
the
Impeached
Members
,
and
was
willing
to
grant
a
Free
and
General
Pardon
for
all
His
Subjects
,
as
the
Parliament
should
think
convenient
.
But
all
this
could
not
content
them
who
had
immoderate
desires
,
and
they
were
more
discontented
that
they
could
not
usurp
the
King's
Rights
,
than
if
they
had
lost
their
own
Priviledges
:
therefore
to
bring
the
Lords
to
a
concurrence
with
them
,
the
hitherto
prosperous
Art
of
Tumultuous
Petitions
was
again
practised
,
and
great
Numbers
from
several
Counties
were
moved
to
come
as
Earthquakes
,
to
shake
the
Fundamental
Constitutions
of
their
House
,
and
to
require
that
neither
the
Bishops
nor
the
Popish
Lords
should
continue
in
their
Ancient
Right
to
Vote
among
the
Peers
.
By
this
means
they
should
weaken
the
King
in
the
Voices
of
that
House
,
and
whosoever
they
could
not
confide
in
,
they
could
fright
him
from
Voting
against
them
,
by
exposing
him
as
Popish
to
the
Popular
Fury
.
For
this
was
the
mothod
of
using
the
Petitions
.
The
most
common
Answer
was
with
Thanks
,
and
that
the
House
of
Commons
were
just
now
in
consideration
thereof
.
The
Petitioners
were
taught
to
reply
,
that
They
doubted
not
of
the
care
of
the
Commons
House
,
but
all
their
distrust
was
in
the
House
of
Lords
,
where
the
Popish
Lords
and
Bishops
had
the
greatest
Power
,
and
there
it
stuck
,
whose
names
they
desired
to
know
:
and
in
this
they
were
so
earnest
,
that
they
would
not
willingly
withdraw
whilest
it
was
debated
,
and
then
they
had
leave
to
depart
with
this
Answer
,
That
the
House
of
Commons
had
already
endeavoured
Relief
from
the
Lords
in
their
Requests
,
and
shall
so
continue
till
Redress
be
obtained
.
Such
Petitions
as
these
were
likewise
from
the
several
Classes
of
the
inferiour
Tradesmen
about
London
,
as
Porters
,
Water-men
,
and
the
like
:
and
that
nothing
of
testifying
an
universal
Importunity
might
be
left
unattempted
,
Women
were
perswaded
to
present
Petitions
to
the
same
effect
.
While
the
Faction
thus
boasted
in
the
success
of
their
Arts
,
Good
men
grieved
to
see
these
daily
Infamies
of
the
supreme
Council
of
the
Nation
,
all
whose
Secrets
were
published
to
the
lowest
and
weakest
part
of
the
People
:
and
they
who
clamoured
it
as
a
breach
of
their
Priviledge
,
that
the
King
took
notice
of
their
Debates
,
now
made
them
the
Subjects
of
Discourse
in
every
Shop
,
and
all
the
corners
of
the
Street
;
where
the
good
and
bad
were
equally
censured
,
and
the
Honour
and
Life
of
every
Senator
exposed
to
the
Verdict
of
the
Rabble
.
No
Magistrate
did
dare
to
do
his
Office
,
and
all
things
tended
to
a
manifest
Confusion
:
So
that
many
sober
Persons
did
leave
the
Kingdom
,
as
unsase
,
where
Factions
were
more
powerful
than
the
Laws
.
And
Just
Persons
chose
rather
to
hear
than
to
see
the
Miseries
and
Reproaches
of
their
Country
.
On
the
other
side
,
to
make
the
King
more
plyable
,
they
tempt
Him
by
danger
in
His
most
beloved
Part
,
the
Queen
,
concerning
whom
they
caused
a
Rumour
,
that
they
did
intend
to
impeach
Her
of
High
Treason
.
This
Rumour
made
the
deeper
Impression
,
because
they
had
raised
most
prodigious
Slanders
(
which
are
the
first
Marks
for
destruction
of
Princes
)
on
Her
;
and
when
they
had
removed
all
other
Counsellors
from
the
King
,
She
was
famed
to
be
the
Rock
upon
which
all
hopes
of
Peace
and
Safety
were
split
:
That
She
commanded
no
less
His
Counsels
than
Affections
,
and
that
His
Weakness
was
so
great
,
as
not
to
consent
to
or
enterprize
any
thing
which
She
did
not
first
approve
:
That
She
had
perverted
Him
to
Her
Religion
,
and
formed
designs
of
overthrowing
the
Protestant
Profession
.
These
and
many
other
of
a
portentuous
falshood
were
scattered
among
the
Vulgar
,
who
are
alwayes
most
prone
to
believe
the
Worst
of
Great
Persons
:
and
the
uncontrolled
Licence
of
reporting
such
Calumnies
is
conceived
the
first
Dawning
of
Liberty
.
But
the
Parliament
taking
notice
of
the
Report
,
sent
some
of
their
House
to
purge
themselves
from
it
,
as
an
unjust
Scandal
cast
upon
them
.
To
which
the
Queen
mildly
answers
,
That
there
was
a
general
Report
thereof
,
but
She
never
saw
any
Articles
in
writing
,
and
having
no
certain
Author
for
either
,
She
gave
little
credit
thereto
;
nor
will
She
believe
they
would
lay
any
Aspersion
upon
Her
,
who
hath
been
very
unapt
to
misconstrue
the
actions
of
any
One
person
,
and
much
more
the
Proceedings
of
Parliament
,
and
shall
at
all
times
wish
an
Happy
Vnderstanding
between
the
King
and
His
People
.
But
the
King
knowing
how
usual
it
was
for
the
Faction
by
Tumults
and
other
Practices
to
transport
the
Parliament
from
their
Just
Intentions
in
other
things
,
and
that
they
might
do
so
in
this
,
resolved
to
send
Her
into
Holland
,
under
colour
of
accompanying
their
Eldest
Daughter
,
newly
married
to
the
Prince
of
Orange
;
but
in
truth
to
secure
Her
,
so
that
by
the
fears
of
Her
danger
(
who
was
so
dear
unto
Him
)
He
might
not
be
forced
to
any
thing
contrary
to
His
Honour
and
Conscience
,
and
that
Her
Affections
and
Relation
to
Him
might
not
betray
Her
Life
to
the
Malice
of
His
Enemies
.
With
Her
He
also
sent
all
the
Jewels
of
the
Crown
,
that
they
might
not
be
the
spoils
of
the
Faction
,
but
the
means
of
the
support
of
Her
Dignity
in
foreign
parts
,
if
His
Necessities
afterwards
should
not
permit
Him
to
provide
for
Her
otherwise
.
Which
yet
She
did
not
so
employ
,
but
reserved
them
for
a
supply
of
Ammunition
and
Arms
,
when
His
Adversaries
had
forced
Him
to
a
necessary
Defence
.
It
was
said
that
the
Faction
knew
of
this
conveyance
,
and
might
have
prevented
it
,
but
that
they
thought
it
for
their
greater
advantage
that
this
Treasure
should
be
so
managed
,
that
the
King
in
confidence
of
that
assistance
might
take
up
Arms
,
to
which
they
were
resolved
at
last
to
drive
Him
.
For
they
thought
their
Cause
would
be
better
in
War
than
Peace
,
because
their
present
Deliberations
were
in
the
sense
of
the
Law
actual
Rebellions
;
and
a
longer
time
would
discover
those
Impostures
by
which
they
had
deluded
the
People
,
who
would
soon
leave
them
(
as
many
now
did
begin
to
repent
of
their
Madness
)
to
the
Vengeance
which
was
due
to
their
practices
,
unless
they
were
more
firmly
united
by
a
communion
of
guilt
in
an
open
assaulting
their
Lawfull
Prince
.
The
King
hastens
the
security
of
the
Queen
,
and
accompanies
Her
as
far
as
Dover
,
there
to
take
his
farewell
of
Her
;
a
business
almost
as
irksome
as
death
,
to
be
separated
from
a
Wife
of
so
great
Affections
and
eminent
Endowments
:
and
that
which
made
it
the
more
bitter
was
,
that
the
same
cause
which
forced
Her
Separation
from
Him
set
Her
at
a
greater
distance
from
His
Religion
,
(
the
only
thing
wherein
their
Souls
were
not
united
)
even
the
Barbarity
of
His
Enemies
who
professed
it
,
yet
were
so
irreconcileable
to
Vertue
,
that
they
hated
Her
for
Her
Example
of
Love
and
Loyalty
to
Him
.
While
He
was
committing
Her
to
the
mercy
of
the
Winds
and
Waves
,
that
She
might
escape
the
Cruelty
of
more
unquiet
and
faithless
men
,
they
prosecute
Him
with
their
distasteful
Addresses
,
and
at
Canterbury
present
Him
with
a
Bill
for
taking
away
Bishops
Votes
in
Parliament
.
Which
having
been
cast
out
of
the
House
of
Peers
several
times
before
,
ought
not
by
the
Course
and
Order
of
Parliament
to
have
been
admitted
again
the
same
Session
.
But
the
Faction
had
now
used
their
accustomed
Engine
,
a
Tumult
,
and
it
was
then
passed
by
the
Lords
,
and
brought
hither
together
with
some
obscure
Threats
,
that
if
it
were
not
signed
,
the
Queen
should
not
be
suffered
to
depart
.
(
By
such
impious
Violences
did
they
make
way
for
that
which
they
call'd
Reformation
.
)
This
His
Majesty
signs
,
(
though
after
it
made
a
part
of
His
penitential
Confessions
to
God
)
in
hopes
that
that
Bill
being
once
consented
to
,
the
Fury
of
the
Faction
,
which
with
so
great
Violence
pursued
an
absolute
Destruction
of
the
Ecclesiastical
Government
,
would
be
abated
,
as
having
advanced
so
far
in
their
design
to
weaken
the
King's
Power
in
that
House
by
the
loss
of
so
many
Voices
,
which
would
have
been
alwayes
on
that
side
where
Equity
and
Conscience
did
most
appear
.
But
He
soon
found
the
Demagogues
had
not
so
much
Ingenuity
as
to
be
compounded
with
,
and
they
made
this
but
a
step
to
the
overthrow
of
that
which
He
designed
to
preserve
.
When
His
Majesty
was
come
back
as
far
as
Greenwich
,
He
met
with
many
informations
how
averse
the
Faction
was
to
Peace
,
and
that
their
Proceedings
were
raised
to
a
level
with
their
Principles
,
which
some
of
them
published
,
That
the
Alteration
they
did
intend
,
and
which
was
necessary
both
in
Church
and
State
,
must
be
made
by
Blood
.
Therefore
they
endeavoured
by
their
Calumnies
to
create
an
Hatred
of
Him
,
and
to
despoil
Him
of
all
the
hopefull
Effects
of
His
Condescensions
.
For
when
a
Prince
is
once
hated
,
his
Benefits
do
him
no
less
hurt
than
Injuries
.
In
order
to
this
,
Mr.
Pym
had
publickly
charged
Him
with
a
Connivence
at
least
,
if
not
with
the
Contrivance
of
the
Irish
Rebellion
:
because
many
Papists
had
His
Majesties
immediate
Warrant
for
their
transport
thither
.
This
the
King
requires
satisfaction
for
,
shewing
the
Falshood
and
Malice
of
the
Defamer
,
by
giving
an
Account
of
the
date
of
the
several
Warrants
.
But
the
Faction
so
far
prevailed
as
to
make
it
a
Publick
Sin
,
and
the
House
was
perswaded
to
believe
and
acknowledge
it
to
be
their
common
sense
.
Many
others
had
uttered
seditious
Speeches
in
the
House
,
especially
Master
Marten
,
a
man
of
all
Uncleannesses
,
a
publick
contemner
of
Religion
and
Honesty
,
that
had
wasted
a
large
Patrimony
(
which
he
had
likewise
unjustly
morgaged
to
several
and
different
Creditors
)
in
the
most
infamous
Lusts
,
and
sought
a
greater
licence
and
fresh
supplies
for
them
by
the
ruine
of
the
State
;
at
which
he
was
powerfull
,
being
of
as
impure
and
lascivious
a
Wit
as
he
was
of
Life
,
wherewith
he
used
to
prophane
God
and
His
Vicegerents
:
yet
serving
the
ends
of
Confusion
,
had
his
name
among
the
Catalogue
of
those
that
were
to
do
the
Work
of
the
Lord
.
Besides
the
attempts
upon
His
Honour
,
they
endeavour
another
upon
His
Family
,
and
to
seize
upon
the
Prince
.
Which
the
King
hearing
,
sends
for
Him
and
the
Duke
of
York
,
and
immediately
removes
to
Theobalds
in
order
to
His
journey
towards
the
North
,
where
He
inintended
to
settle
His
abode
,
till
He
saw
what
Issue
this
Storm
would
have
.
This
removal
of
the
King
was
variously
censured
.
Some
thought
it
unadvisedly
done
,
to
withdraw
so
far
from
London
,
to
leave
His
chief
City
wholly
to
the
practices
,
and
expose
His
Friends
there
to
the
Impostures
and
Injuries
of
His
Enemies
.
Others
,
especially
the
Friends
of
the
Faction
,
defamed
it
as
a
preparing
Himself
for
that
War
which
followed
.
But
others
concluded
it
as
an
act
of
Necessity
,
and
where
there
was
no
choice
for
Prudence
.
For
when
He
had
passed
more
obliging
Acts
,
and
parted
with
so
much
of
His
Prerogative
and
so
many
undoubted
Rights
of
His
Crown
,
as
could
not
be
equalled
by
the
Grants
of
all
His
Predecessors
,
yet
He
found
that
He
had
effected
nothing
more
by
giving
,
than
to
make
the
Faction
more
eagerly
desire
what
they
knew
He
must
in
Honour
and
Conscience
deny
;
and
that
the
People
were
so
bewitched
as
not
to
see
,
it
is
safer
to
trust
Him
who
was
contented
with
a
less
degree
of
Power
,
than
those
whose
ambition
and
avarice
knew
no
bounds
:
Who
being
thus
deluded
as
so
far
to
administer
to
the
Lusts
of
their
Disturbers
,
would
not
fail
their
assistance
to
seize
upon
His
Person
,
unless
in
time
He
did
provide
for
His
Liberty
.
Nor
could
it
be
imagined
that
He
meditated
a
War
,
who
to
make
His
People
happy
(
if
they
had
not
despised
their
own
Mercies
)
had
deprived
Himself
of
a
power
to
manage
it
.
For
besides
those
Acts
formerly
mentioned
,
He
had
signed
many
other
as
prejudicial
to
such
an
undertaking
.
For
He
had
passed
Acts
against
His
own
Power
of
Impressing
Souldiers
,
His
Right
to
Tonnage
and
Poundage
,
the
Stannary
Courts
,
Clerk
of
the
Market
,
the
Presidial
Courts
in
the
North
,
and
Marches
of
Wales
;
whereby
He
had
not
only
diminished
His
Greatness
,
and
that
Reverence
which
was
due
to
the
Crown
,
but
also
so
straitned
His
Revenue
as
it
was
not
able
to
maintain
Discipline
,
without
which
no
hopes
of
Victory
,
especially
in
a
Civil
War
.
Besides
,
His
Enemies
in
every
County
had
injured
His
Fame
,
which
is
of
great
moment
in
the
deciding
Controversies
by
the
Sword
;
and
the
City
of
London
,
which
is
the
grand
Treasurie
of
the
Wealth
and
Strength
of
the
whole
Nation
,
was
now
enslaved
by
the
Rabble
to
their
commands
.
All
which
considerations
as
they
could
not
escape
so
Wise
a
Prince
,
so
would
they
not
permit
the
Designs
of
War
,
especially
in
that
Breast
,
to
which
it
was
equally
miserable
to
suffer
the
spilling
of
His
Subjects
blood
,
as
to
expose
Himself
to
Ruine
.
So
that
His
departure
from
London
was
not
of
Design
,
but
Necessity
,
nor
was
there
in
it
more
of
Fear
than
Shame
;
for
He
could
no
longer
endure
those
detestable
Spectacula
in
which
Tumults
like
Beasts
were
let
loose
to
assault
the
Majesty
of
Government
.
While
the
King
thus
provides
for
His
Liberty
,
the
Faction
proceed
to
usurp
the
Militia
,
which
His
Majesty
had
denied
,
and
the
Lords
were
ashamed
to
ask
:
therefore
they
privately
incourage
their
Partisans
in
all
the
Cities
and
Boroughs
where
they
were
most
powerfull
,
to
appoint
Musters
,
to
arm
and
train
their
Youth
,
and
module
them
into
Companies
;
which
afterwards
(
though
contrary
to
the
Law
)
they
move
the
Lower
House
to
Vote
Legal
,
and
to
make
an
Order
in
the
Name
of
the
Parliament
for
the
Constituting
of
Deputies
to
the
same
purpose
in
every
County
:
and
at
last
,
by
the
Tumults
which
they
raised
,
the
Threats
they
used
to
divulge
the
names
of
the
dissenting
Lords
,
and
secret
promises
to
some
others
(
for
Mr.
Pym
told
the
Earl
of
Dover
,
he
must
look
for
no
Preferment
unless
he
joyned
with
them
)
they
prevailed
upon
the
House
of
Peers
,
when
many
of
the
most
eminent
were
absent
,
to
joyn
in
a
Petition
for
the
Militia
,
upon
pretence
of
great
Dangers
at
home
,
and
more
prodigious
terrours
from
abroad
,
pretending
that
by
Intelligence
from
Paris
,
Rome
and
Venice
,
they
were
assured
of
great
designs
to
overthrow
the
Parliament
,
together
with
the
Protestant
Religion
;
(
whose
fate
and
Interest
they
would
have
it
imagined
,
was
so
twisted
with
theirs
,
that
like
those
Twins
they
could
not
laugh
nor
grieve
but
in
Conjunction
.
)
This
Paper
being
presented
to
His
Majesty
,
whose
Soul
was
wholly
devoted
to
Peace
,
when
it
did
not
betray
Religion
and
the
Trust
Heaven
had
committed
unto
Him
,
He
proposes
to
them
Expedients
whereby
they
might
be
associated
with
Him
in
the
Power
of
the
Militia
,
which
Honour
and
Conscience
forbad
Him
to
devest
Himself
wholly
of
,
and
passionately
adjures
them
to
lay
aside
their
vain
and
empty
Terrours
,
whereby
they
distracted
and
divided
the
People
,
not
suffering
them
to
enjoy
the
Peace
and
Gracious
Concessions
wherein
He
had
exceeded
the
Goodness
of
all
His
Predecessors
.
But
they
,
who
had
projected
to
themselves
the
whole
Power
,
would
not
be
contented
with
a
Partner
in
it
,
and
therefore
despising
His
Indulgence
,
and
neglecting
His
Admonitions
,
the
next
day
in
furious
Votes
declared
themselves
sole
Masters
of
the
Militia
:
and
to
make
the
People
believe
there
was
truth
in
their
false
Fears
,
they
command
strict
Watches
to
be
kept
in
all
suspected
places
,
Beacons
to
be
new
set
up
,
the
Sea-marks
to
be
watched
,
and
the
Navy
to
be
new
rigged
and
fitted
for
the
Sea
.
New
Plots
were
also
discovered
,
and
Strange
and
unheard-of
Counsels
to
murder
the
most
Eminent
Patriots
are
brought
to
light
.
A
Taylor
in
a
ditch
hears
some
desperate
Cavaliers
contriving
the
Death
of
Mr.
Pym.
A
Plaister
also
taken
from
a
Plague-sore
was
sent
into
the
House
to
the
same
person
,
that
the
Infection
first
seising
on
a
Member
of
the
quickest
senses
,
might
thence
more
impetuously
diffuse
it self
upon
all
the
most
Grave
Senators
.
Such
like
Plots
as
these
,
and
whatsoever
could
be
devised
,
were
published
to
make
the
Vulgar
think
those
demands
of
the
Faction
seem
modest
,
(
their
dangers
being
so
great
)
which
were
very
unjust
.
And
lest
the
King
should
at
His
coming
into
the
North
make
use
of
that
Magazine
at
Hull
(
which
at
His
own
Charges
He
had
provided
for
the
Scotch
Expedition
)
for
His
own
defence
,
the
Faction
,
to
secure
that
and
the
Town
for
their
future
purposes
,
send
down
Sir
John
Hotham
,
without
any
Order
or
Commission
from
either
House
of
Parliament
,
to
seise
on
them
.
This
Man
of
a
fury
and
impudence
equal
to
their
Commands
,
when
the
King
,
petitioned
by
the
Gentlemen
of
York-shire
to
employ
those
Arms
and
that
Ammunition
for
the
Safety
and
Peace
of
that
County
,
(
where
some
of
the
Factious
Members
of
Parliament
had
begun
to
form
the
like
Seditions
with
those
of
London
,
)
would
have
entred
Hull
,
[
Anno
1642.
]
April
23.
insolently
shut
the
Gates
upon
Him
,
and
would
not
permit
Him
,
though
with
but
twenty
Attendants
,
for
He
offered
to
leave
the
Guard
of
Noblemen
and
Gentlemen
which
followed
Him
without
.
The
King
thereupon
Proclaims
him
Traytor
,
and
by
Letters
complains
of
the
Indignity
,
and
requires
Satisfaction
.
But
the
Faction
rendred
the
Act
so
glorious
,
that
the
House
of
Commons
by
their
Votes
approved
what
he
had
done
without
their
Command
,
and
clamoured
that
the
King
had
done
them
an
injury
,
in
proclaiming
so
innocent
a
Member
,
Traytor
:
Ordered
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
to
whom
they
had
committed
the
Command
of
the
Navy
,
to
land
some
men
out
of
the
Ships
at
Hull
,
and
to
transport
the
Magazine
there
from
thence
to
London
.
An
Order
of
Assistance
was
also
given
to
several
of
their
Confidents
,
as
a
Committee
of
both
Houses
to
reside
at
Hull
,
and
the
Counties
of
York
and
Lincoln
were
commanded
to
execute
their
commands
.
Besides
,
they
sent
a
Commission
to
Hotham
to
prosecute
the
Insolencies
he
had
begun
,
and
kindle
that
War
which
took
fire
on
the
whole
Nation
,
and
in
a
short
space
consumed
him
and
his
Son
,
who
were
executed
by
the
Instructors
of
his
Villany
:
For
he
fell
under
that
same
Fate
which
attends
all
the
Instruments
of
Great
Crimes
,
to
be
Odious
and
suspected
by
those
that
made
use
of
them
.
Therefore
they
gave
such
a
power
to
the
Lord
Fairfax
in
York-shire
as
did
conclude
the
diminution
,
and
submission
of
Hotham
to
His
Commands
.
This
caused
him
to
reflect
with
grief
and
madness
upon
his
first
ministery
to
the
Faction
,
which
appeared
every
day
more
monstrous
to
his
Conscience
,
being
now
spoiled
of
that
Grandeur
that
he
hoped
would
have
been
its
reward
,
and
awakened
by
those
Desolations
in
the
whole
Kingdom
which
followed
it
,
and
were
but
as
the
Copies
of
his
Original
Treason
.
Therefore
he
thought
to
expiate
his
former
guilt
by
surrendring
the
Town
to
Him
from
whom
he
had
detained
it
.
But
his
practices
were
discovered
to
the
Faction
by
One
whom
they
had
sent
thither
in
pretence
to
preach
the
Gospel
,
but
in
truth
secretly
to
search
into
the
intrigues
of
his
Counsels
:
so
that
he
perished
in
his
design
,
being
neither
stout
nor
wise
enough
in
just
enterprises
,
nor
of
a
pertinacy
sufficient
for
a
prosperous
Perfidiousness
.
And
although
in
his
Ruine
the
King
observed
how
great
a
draught
was
offered
to
the
highest
thirst
of
Revenge
,
yet
He
did
truly
bewail
him
:
and
indeed
he
was
so
much
the
more
to
be
pitied
,
because
his
cruel
Masters
deluded
him
to
a
silence
of
their
black
Secrets
with
a
false
hope
of
Life
till
the
Ax
was
upon
his
Neck
.
So
betraying
his
Soul
to
a
surprise
by
his
Spiritual
enemies
,
as
his
pretended
Spiritual
Guides
had
done
his
Body
to
them
.
The
Insolency
of
Hotham
,
who
acted
according
to
his
Instructions
and
late
Commission
,
beginning
acts
not
usual
in
Peace
,
nor
justifiable
by
Law
,
(
for
he
issued
out
Warrants
for
the
Trained
Bands
to
march
into
Hull
with
their
Arms
,
where
he
forced
them
to
leave
them
,
and
nakedly
return
to
their
homes
,
that
so
they
might
be
obnoxious
to
his
Violence
)
and
the
practices
of
the
Committee
which
were
sent
down
into
the
North
,
to
debauch
the
People
in
their
Loyalty
,
made
the
King
intend
His
own
Security
by
a
Guard
;
which
the
Gentry
and
Commonalty
of
York-shire
,
that
were
witnesses
of
the
Injury
offered
to
their
Prince
,
did
willingly
and
readily
make
up
.
No
sooner
had
the
King
expressed
His
intention
of
such
a
Guard
,
but
the
Faction
,
who
were
watchful
of
all
opportunities
of
beginning
a
War
,
and
ingaging
those
that
either
through
Fear
or
Weakness
had
hitherto
submitted
to
their
Impostures
,
in
a
more
obliging
guilt
,
(
for
now
the
greatest
part
of
the
Peers
,
who
were
of
the
most
Ancient
Families
and
Noblest
Fortunes
,
and
a
very
great
number
of
the
House
of
Commons
,
Persons
of
just
hopes
and
fair
Estates
,
who
perceiving
the
designs
of
the
Disturbers
,
scorned
any
longer
to
be
their
Slaves
,
yet
not
thinking
it
safe
to
provoke
the
fury
of
the
Vulgar
Tumults
by
a
present
opposition
,
had
withdrawn
from
the
Parliament
to
follow
the
King
and
His
Fortune
,
and
every
day
some
more
were
still
falling
off
)
took
this
occasion
to
commence
our
Miseries
,
and
open
those
Sluces
of
Blood
which
polluted
the
whole
Kingdom
.
For
upon
the
first
Intelligence
of
it
they
filled
the
House
of
Commons
and
the
City
with
Clamours
,
That
His
Majesty
had
now
taken
Arms
to
the
overthrow
of
them
and
the
Protestant
Religion
;
and
that
they
were
not
any
longer
to
think
the
Happiness
of
the
Kingdom
did
depend
upon
the
King
,
or
any
of
the
Regal
Branches
of
that
Stock
;
that
it
would
argue
no
want
either
of
Duty
or
Modesty
,
if
they
should
depose
Him
.
By
these
Harangues
they
so
heated
the
Parliament
,
that
was
now
more
penurious
than
before
in
persons
of
Honour
and
Conscience
,
to
such
a
degree
of
Fury
,
that
unmindful
how
they
themselves
for
eight
months
before
upon
impossible
Fears
and
improbable
Jealousies
had
taken
a
Guard
,
they
Resolved
upon
the
Question
,
that
the
King
by
taking
to
himself
such
a
Guard
did
intend
to
levy
War
against
the
Parliament
.
With
an
equall
fury
they
Issue
out
Commissions
into
all
parts
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
appoint
certain
days
for
all
the
Trained
Bands
to
be
put
into
a
posture
of
War
,
sending
down
some
of
their
Members
to
see
to
the
execution
of
these
Commands
,
and
to
seise
on
the
Magazines
in
the
several
Counties
.
To
all
these
their
violent
and
unjust
attempts
the
King
first
opposes
the
Law
,
in
several
Declarations
manifests
the
Power
of
Arms
to
be
the
Ancient
and
undoubted
Right
of
the
Crown
,
by
many
Proclamations
,
Charges
all
Men
under
the
Crime
and
Penalties
of
Treason
to
forbear
the
Execution
of
those
Ordinances
which
were
published
to
Licence
their
Rebellion
,
and
Answers
with
a
wonderful
Diligence
and
Eloquence
all
the
fictitious
Pretensions
of
the
Parliament
to
that
Power
,
in
their
several
Remonstrances
.
But
though
the
King
had
in
the
judgment
of
all
understanding
and
uninteressed
persons
the
Juster
Cause
,
and
the
more
powerful
Pen
,
yet
the
Faction's
Haste
,
which
is
most
efficacious
in
Civil
Discords
,
the
Slanders
they
had
raised
of
Him
,
and
impressed
in
the
minds
of
the
People
,
the
terrours
of
that
Arbitrary
Power
which
the
House
of
Commons
had
a
long
while
exercised
in
the
vexatious
prosecution
of
all
such
as
did
oppose
their
imperious
Resolves
,
(
for
they
would
by
their
Messengers
send
for
the
Great
Earls
and
Prime
Barons
of
the
Kingdom
as
Rogues
and
Felons
,
and
weary
them
and
others
with
a
tedious
and
chargeable
Attendance
,
oppress
them
with
heavy
and
unproportionable
Censures
,
and
restrain
them
by
Illegal
Imprisonments
)
and
the
hopes
of
licence
and
spoil
in
the
ruine
of
Church
and
State
,
had
so
preoccupated
the
Minds
of
the
inferiour
Multitude
,
that
neither
Law
nor
Religion
could
have
the
least
consideration
in
their
practices
;
and
those
Persons
whom
His
Majesty
appointed
as
Commissioners
of
Array
,
in
few
places
found
that
Obedience
which
was
due
to
the
just
Commands
of
a
Gracious
Prince
,
who
vainly
expected
that
Reverence
to
Justice
in
others
which
Himself
gave
.
After
the
experience
of
their
Power
in
these
their
Successes
at
Land
,
and
having
gotten
the
whole
Navy
at
Sea
,
being
made
Masters
of
the
most
and
greatest
Strengths
of
the
Kingdom
,
they
then
thought
it
might
be
safe
for
them
to
publish
the
aims
and
ends
of
their
most
destructive
designs
;
which
if
sooner
manifested
,
when
the
King
by
His
Message
of
20.
of
January
from
Windsor
Castle
advised
them
to
prescribe
the
limits
of
their
Priviledges
,
give
full
Boundaries
to
His
own
Power
,
and
propose
what
was
in
their
judgements
proper
to
make
the
People
happy
;
and
most
religiously
promised
an
equal
tenderness
of
theirs
and
the
Peoples
Rights
as
of
His
own
,
and
what
was
for
the
Publick
Good
should
not
be
obstructed
for
His
Particular
emolument
;
they
had
justly
drawn
upon
themselves
all
that
popular
hatred
which
they
endeavoured
to
fling
upon
the
King
,
and
had
been
buried
under
those
ruines
which
they
projected
for
the
Grave
of
Majesty
.
But
then
the
Faction
confided
not
so
much
in
their
own
force
,
nor
were
the
Vulgar
then
so
blinded
with
fury
as
to
chuse
their
own
Destruction
:
and
therefore
to
that
Message
of
Peace
nothing
was
returned
but
Complaints
,
That
by
such
Advisoes
their
Counsels
were
disturbed
,
that
it
was
contrary
to
their
unbounded
Privileges
to
be
minded
of
what
was
necessary
.
But
now
they
were
furnished
with
a
Power
equal
to
their
Ambition
,
they
thought
it
expedient
to
confirm
their
newly-gotten
Empire
with
some
pretensions
to
Peace
;
but
with
a
great
deal
of
Caution
,
that
the
affectation
of
it
might
not
disappoint
them
of
their
hopes
,
which
were
all
built
upon
War
and
Confusion
.
Therefore
they
formed
the
Conditions
such
as
the
King
could
not
in
Honour
or
Conscience
grant
them
,
nor
expect
Peace
by
them
.
Or
if
He
did
,
they
should
be
instated
in
such
a
Grandeur
,
that
they
might
reap
for
themselves
all
the
reproachful
Honours
and
unlawful
gains
of
an
Arbitrary
Power
,
the
thing
they
aimed
at
,
and
leave
the
King
overwhelmed
with
shame
and
contempt
for
their
miscarriages
in
Government
.
These
Conditions
were
digested
into
Nineteen
Propositions
;
which
when
presented
to
the
King
,
He
saw
by
an
assent
to
them
He
should
be
concluded
to
have
deposed
Himself
,
and
be
but
as
an
helpless
and
idle
Spectator
of
the
Miseries
such
Tyrants
would
bring
upon
the
People
whom
God
had
committed
to
His
Trust
.
Therefore
He
gave
them
that
denial
which
they
really
desired
and
expected
,
and
adjusts
His
refusal
in
a
Declaration
,
wherein
He
sets
forth
the
Injustice
of
each
Proposition
.
His
Answer
He
sent
by
the
Marquess
of
Hertford
and
Earl
of
Southampton
,
Persons
of
great
Integrity
and
Prudence
,
with
Instructions
to
Treat
in
the
House
of
Peers
upon
more
equal
Conditions
.
But
it
behoved
the
Faction
not
to
let
the
Kingdom
see
any
way
to
Peace
,
therefore
denying
any
admittance
to
those
Lords
,
before
ever
the
King's
Answer
could
publickly
discover
who
were
the
obstructours
of
the
Peoples
quiet
,
they
Ordered
a
Collection
to
be
made
of
Money
and
Plate
,
to
maintain
Horse
,
Horse-men
and
Arms
for
the
ensuing
War
.
The
specious
Pretences
for
which
were
the
Safety
of
the
King's
Person
,
and
the
taking
Him
out
of
the
hands
of
Evil
Counsellors
,
the
Defence
of
the
Priviledges
of
Parliament
,
the
Preservation
of
the
Protestant
Religion
,
and
the
maintenance
of
the
Ancient
Laws
of
the
Land
.
Such
inviting
causes
as
these
inflamed
the
Minds
of
the
Multitude
,
and
filled
them
with
more
airy
hopes
of
Victory
than
the
noise
of
Drums
and
Trumpets
:
But
that
which
was
most
powerful
were
the
Sermons
of
such
who
,
being
displeased
with
the
present
Ecclesiastical
Covernment
,
were
promised
the
richest
Benefices
,
and
a
partage
of
the
Revenues
which
belonged
to
Bishops
,
Deans
and
Chapiters
.
These
from
their
Pulpits
proclaimed
War
in
the
Name
of
Christ
the
Prince
of
Peace
,
and
whatsoever
was
contributed
to
the
spilling
of
the
blood
of
the
Wicked
,
was
to
build
up
the
Throne
of
the
meekest
Lamb
;
and
besides
the
satisfaction
they
were
to
expect
from
the
Publick
Faith
,
which
the
Parliament
promised
,
there
was
a
larger
Interest
to
be
doubled
upon
them
in
the
Kingdom
of
Saints
that
was
now
approaching
.
Deluded
by
these
Artifices
and
Impostures
,
People
of
all
Conditions
and
all
Sexes
,
some
carried
by
a
secret
Instinct
,
others
hurried
by
some
furious
Zeal
,
and
a
last
sort
led
by
Covetousness
,
cast
into
this
Holy
Treasury
the
Banck
for
Blood
,
all
the
Ornaments
of
their
Family
,
all
their
Silver
Vessels
,
even
to
their
Spoons
,
with
the
Pledges
of
their
first
Love
,
their
Marriage-rings
;
and
the
younger
Females
spared
not
their
Thimbles
and
Bodkins
,
the
obliging
Gifts
of
their
Inamorato's
,
from
being
a
part
of
the
Price
of
Blood
.
But
while
these
Preparations
were
made
at
London
,
the
King
at
York
Declares
against
the
Scandal
,
that
He
intended
to
Levy
War
against
the
Parliament
,
calling
God
to
witness
how
far
His
desires
and
thoughts
were
from
it
;
and
also
those
many
Lords
who
were
witnesses
of
His
Counsels
and
Actions
,
do
publish
to
the
World
by
a
Writing
subscribed
with
all
their
Names
,
to
the
number
of
Forty
and
odd
,
that
they
saw
not
any
colour
of
Preparations
or
Counsels
that
might
reasonably
beget
the
belief
of
any
such
Design
,
and
were
fully
perswaded
that
He
had
no
such
intention
.
But
all
was
in
vain
,
for
the
Faction
chose
that
the
People
should
be
rather
guilty
of
committing
Rebellion
,
than
only
of
favouring
the
Contrivers
of
it
,
and
decreed
to
try
whether
by
a
prosperous
Success
they
could
change
their
Crimes
to
Vertue
.
Therefore
they
hastened
all
they
could
to
raise
Horse
and
Foot
to
form
an
Army
equal
to
their
Usurpation
:
which
was
not
difficult
for
them
to
do
,
for
they
being
Masters
of
London
,
whose
Multitudes
desirous
of
Novelty
were
easily
amassed
for
any
enterprise
,
especially
when
the
entring
into
this
Warfare
might
make
the
Servant
freer
than
his
Master
,
(
for
such
was
the
Licence
was
indulged
to
those
Youths
that
would
serve
the
Cause
)
20000
were
sooner
gathered
than
the
King
could
get
500.
The
City
also
could
afford
them
more
Ordnance
than
the
King
could
promise
to
Himself
common
Muskets
:
and
to
pay
their
Souldiers
,
besides
the
vast
summs
that
were
gathered
for
Ireland
(
which
though
they
by
their
own
Act
had
decreed
should
not
be
used
for
any
other
enterprise
,
yet
now
dispence
with
their
Faith
,
and
imploy
it
to
make
England
as
miserable
as
that
Island
)
and
the
Contributions
of
the
deluded
souls
for
this
War
;
they
seised
also
upon
the
Revenues
of
the
King
,
Queen
,
Prince
,
and
Bishops
,
and
plunder
the
Houses
of
those
Lords
and
Gentlemen
whom
they
suspected
to
be
Favourers
of
the
King's
Cause
.
And
in
contemplation
of
these
advantages
,
they
promised
their
credulous
party
an
undoubted
Victory
,
and
to
lead
Majesty
Captive
in
Triumph
through
London
within
a
Month
,
by
the
Conduct
of
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
whom
they
appointed
General
.
Thus
did
they
drive
that
Just
and
Gracious
Prince
to
seek
His
Safety
by
necessary
Arms
,
since
nothing
worse
could
befall
Him
after
a
stout
,
though
unhappy
,
Resistance
,
than
He
was
to
hope
for
in
a
tame
Submission
to
their
Violence
.
Therefore
though
He
perfectly
abhorred
those
Sins
which
are
the
Consequences
of
War
,
yet
He
wanted
not
Courage
to
attempt
at
Victory
,
notwithstanding
it
seemed
almost
impossible
against
so
well-appointed
an
Enemy
.
Therefore
with
an
incredible
diligence
moving
from
place
to
place
,
from
York
to
Nottingham
,
from
thence
to
Shrewsbury
,
and
the
Confines
of
Wales
,
by
discovering
those
Abilities
with
which
His
Soul
was
richly
fraught
unto
His
deluded
Subjects
,
He
appeared
not
only
worthy
of
their
Reverence
,
but
of
their
Lives
and
Fortunes
for
His
Defence
;
and
in
all
places
incouraging
the
Good
with
His
Commendations
,
exciting
the
Fearful
by
His
Example
,
dissembling
the
Imperfections
of
His
Friends
,
but
alwayes
praising
their
Vertues
,
He
so
prevailed
upon
those
who
were
not
men
of
many
Times
,
nor
by
a
former
Guilt
debauch'd
to
Inhumanity
,
that
He
had
quickly
contracted
an
Army
greater
than
His
Enemies
expected
,
and
which
was
every
day
increased
by
those
Lords
and
Gentlemen
who
refused
to
be
polluted
any
longer
with
the
practices
of
the
Faction
by
sitting
among
them
,
and
being
Persons
of
large
Fortunes
had
raised
their
Friends
and
Tenants
to
succour
that
Majesty
that
now
laboured
under
an
Eclipse
.
Most
men
being
moved
with
Pity
and
Shame
to
see
their
Prince
,
whose
former
Reign
had
made
them
wanton
in
Plenty
,
to
be
driven
from
His
own
Palaces
,
and
concluded
under
a
want
of
Bread
,
to
be
necessitated
to
implore
their
aid
,
for
the
preservation
of
His
and
their
Rights
.
So
that
notwithstanding
all
the
Impostures
of
the
Faction
and
the
Corruptions
of
the
Age
,
there
were
many
great
Examples
of
Loyalty
and
Vertue
.
Many
Noble
Persons
did
almost
impoverish
themselves
to
supply
the
King
with
Men
and
Money
.
Some
Private
men
made
their
way
through
numerous
dangers
to
joyn
with
,
and
fight
under
His
Colours
.
Many
great
Ladies
and
Vertuous
Matrons
parted
with
the
Ornaments
of
their
Sex
to
relieve
His
wants
,
and
some
bravely
defended
their
Houses
in
His
Cause
when
their
Lords
were
otherwhere
seeking
Honour
in
His
Service
.
Both
the
Universities
freely
devoted
their
Plate
to
succour
their
Prince
,
the
Supreme
Patron
and
Incourager
of
all
Learning
;
and
the
Queen
pawned
Her
Jewels
to
provide
necessaries
for
the
Safety
of
Her
Husband
.
Which
Duty
of
Hers
,
though
it
deserved
the
Honour
of
all
Ages
,
was
branded
by
the
Demagogues
with
the
imputation
of
Treason
.
This
sudden
and
unexpected
growth
of
the
Strength
of
the
King
after
so
many
years
of
Slanders
,
and
such
industrious
Plots
to
make
Him
odious
and
Contemptible
,
raised
the
admiration
of
all
men
,
and
the
fears
of
that
credulous
Party
who
had
given
up
their
Faith
to
the
Faction
,
when
they
represented
the
King
guilty
of
so
much
Folly
and
Vice
(
and
some
corrupted
Citizens
had
represented
Him
as
a
Prodigie
of
both
in
a
Scene
at
Guild-Hall
in
London
,
an
Art
used
by
Jesuites
to
impress
more
deeply
a
Calumny
,
)
that
they
could
not
imagine
any
person
of
Prudence
or
Conscience
would
appear
in
His
Service
,
and
they
expected
every
day
when
,
deserted
by
all
as
a
Monster
,
He
should
in
Chains
deliver
Himself
up
to
the
Commands
of
the
Parliament
.
Some
attributed
this
strange
increase
in
power
to
the
natural
Affection
of
the
English
to
their
Lawfull
Sovereign
,
from
whom
though
the
Arts
and
Impulses
of
Seditious
Demagogues
may
a
while
estrange
and
divorce
their
minds
,
yet
their
Genius
will
irresistibly
at
last
force
them
to
their
first
Love
;
and
therefore
they
urged
the
saying
of
that
Observing
States-man
,
that
if
the
Crown
of
England
were
placed
but
on
an
Hedge-stake
,
he
would
be
on
that
side
where
the
Crown
was
.
Others
referred
it
to
the
full
evidence
of
the
wickedness
of
His
Adversaries
,
for
their
Counsels
were
now
discovered
,
and
their
Ends
manifest
,
not
to
maintain
the
Common
Liberty
,
which
was
equally
hatefull
to
them
as
Tyranny
when
it
was
not
in
their
hands
,
but
to
acquire
a
Grandeur
and
Power
that
might
secure
and
administer
to
their
Lusts
:
and
it
was
now
every
where
published
what
Mr.
Hambden
Answered
to
one
who
inquired
What
they
did
expect
from
the
King
;
he
replyed
,
That
He
should
commit
Himself
and
all
that
is
His
to
our
Care
.
Others
ascribed
it
to
the
fears
of
ruine
to
those
numerous
Families
and
Myriads
of
people
which
the
change
of
Government
designed
by
the
Parliament
must
necessarily
effect
.
But
this
,
though
it
argued
that
Cause
exceeding
bad
by
which
so
great
a
part
of
a
Community
is
utterly
destroyed
,
without
any
absolute
necessity
for
preserving
the
whole
;
yet
made
but
an
inconsiderable
Addition
to
the
King
,
whose
greatest
Power
was
built
upon
Persons
of
the
Noblest
Extract
and
the
fairest
Estates
in
England
,
of
which
they
could
not
easily
suspect
to
be
devested
without
an
absolute
overthrow
of
all
the
Laws
of
Right
and
Wrong
,
which
nevertheless
was
to
be
feared
by
their
invasions
on
the
King's
most
undoubted
Rights
.
For
when
Majesty
it self
is
assaulted
,
there
can
be
no
security
for
private
Fortunes
;
and
those
that
decline
upon
design
from
the
paths
of
Equity
,
will
never
rest
till
they
come
to
the
Extremity
of
Injustice
;
as
these
afterwards
did
.
Besides
those
that
imputed
the
speedy
amassing
of
these
Forces
to
the
Equity
of
the
King's
Cause
,
His
most
Powerful
Eloquence
,
Indefatigable
Industry
,
and
most
Obliging
Converse
;
there
were
another
sort
that
,
suspending
their
Judgements
till
all
the
Scenes
of
War
were
passed
,
resolved
all
into
the
Providence
of
God
:
Who
though
He
were
pleased
to
single
Him
out
of
all
the
Kings
of
the
Earth
as
the
sittest
Champion
to
wrestle
with
Adversity
,
and
to
make
Him
glorious
by
Sufferings
,
which
being
well
born
truly
prove
men
Great
;
yet
would
He
furnish
Him
(
almost
by
a
Miracle
)
likewise
with
such
Advantages
,
in
the
conduct
of
which
His
Prudence
and
Magnanimity
might
evidence
that
He
did
deserve
Prosperity
,
and
by
clearing
up
even
this
way
His
eminent
Vertues
,
warn
the
following
Ages
from
a
Credulity
to
unquiet
Persons
,
since
the
best
of
Princes
was
thus
infamously
slandered
.
From
all
these
concurring
Causes
,
each
one
in
their
Way
and
Order
,
did
the
King's
strength
so
far
increase
,
as
that
He
won
many
Battels
,
and
was
not
far
from
Conquest
in
the
Whole
War
;
had
not
God
seen
fit
to
afflict
this
sinful
Nation
with
Numerous
and
most
Impious
Tyrants
,
and
make
us
feel
,
that
no
Oppressions
are
so
unsupportable
as
those
which
are
imposed
by
such
as
have
made
the
highest
Pretensions
to
Liberty
:
of
which
we
had
bitter
experience
after
the
War
was
finished
that
was
now
begun
.
For
there
had
been
some
slight
Conflicts
e're
this
in
the
several
Counties
betwixt
the
Commissioners
of
Array
and
the
Militia
,
with
various
Successes
;
which
require
just
Volumes
and
compleat
Histories
to
relate
,
and
cannot
be
comprehended
in
the
short
View
of
the
King's
Life
,
where
it
is
only
intended
to
speak
of
those
Battels
in
which
the
King
in
Person
gave
sufficient
evidence
of
His
Wisdom
and
Valour
.
The
first
of
which
was
at
Edge-Hill
on
Octob.
23.
For
the
King
had
no
sooner
gotten
a
considerable
Force
,
though
not
equal
to
those
of
His
Enemies
,
but
He
marched
towards
London
,
and
in
His
way
thither
met
with
Essex's
Army
that
were
come
from
thence
to
take
Him
.
The
King
having
viewed
their
Army
by
a
Prospective-glass
from
the
top
of
that
Hill
,
and
being
asked
afterwards
by
His
Officers
what
He
meant
to
do
,
To
give
them
battel
(
said
He
with
a
present
Courage
)
it
is
the
first
time
I
ever
saw
the
Rebels
in
a
body
:
God
,
and
good
mens
Prayers
to
Him
,
assist
the
Justice
of
My
Cause
:
and
immediately
prepared
for
the
Fight
;
which
was
acted
with
such
a
fury
,
that
near
6000
(
according
to
the
common
Account
,
but
some
say
a
far
less
number
)
were
slain
upon
the
place
.
Night
concluded
this
Battel
,
which
had
comprehended
the
whole
War
,
had
not
the
King's
prevailing
Horse
preferr'd
the
Spoils
to
Victory
,
and
left
the
Enemy
some
advantage
to
dispute
for
her
.
But
the
King
had
all
the
fairest
marks
of
her
favour
.
For
though
He
had
lost
His
General
,
yet
He
kept
the
Field
,
possessed
the
dead
Bodies
,
opened
His
way
toward
London
,
and
in
the
sight
of
some
part
of
the
Army
of
Essex
,
(
who
accounted
it
a
Victory
that
He
was
not
totally
routed
and
killed
,
)
took
Banbury
,
and
entred
Triumphantly
into
Oxford
(
which
He
had
designed
for
His
Winter-quarters
)
with
150
Colours
taken
in
sight
.
And
having
assured
that
place
,
He
advances
towards
London
,
whither
Essex
had
gotten
before
Him
,
and
disposed
his
bassled
Regiments
within
ten
miles
of
the
City
;
yet
the
King
fell
upon
two
Regiments
of
them
at
Brainford
,
took
500
Prisoners
,
and
sunk
their
Ordnance
.
From
thence
intending
to
draw
nearer
London
,
He
had
intelligence
,
that
the
City
had
poured
forth
all
their
Auxiliaries
to
re-inforce
Essex's
Troops
;
to
which
being
unwilling
to
oppose
His
Souldiers
wearied
with
their
March
,
nor
thinking
it
safe
to
force
an
Enemy
to
fight
upon
Necessity
,
which
inspires
a
more
than
Ordinary
Fury
,
He
retreats
to
Oxford
,
having
taught
His
Enemies
,
that
He
was
not
easily
to
be
Overcome
.
For
in
the
management
of
this
Battel
,
He
did
not
only
undeceive
the
abused
world
of
those
Slanders
which
His
Enemies
had
polluted
Him
with
,
but
He
exceeded
that
Opinion
His
own
Party
had
of
His
Abilities
.
And
though
He
parted
from
London
altogether
unexperienced
in
Martial
affairs
,
yet
at
Edge-Hill
He
appeared
a
most
Excellent
Commander
.
His
Valour
was
also
equal
to
His
Prudence
,
and
He
could
as
well
endure
Labours
as
despise
Dangers
.
And
by
a
communication
of
toils
,
encouraged
His
Souldiers
to
keep
the
Field
all
the
night
,
when
they
saw
He
refused
the
refreshments
of
a
Bed
;
for
He
sought
no
other
Shelter
from
the
injuries
of
the
Air
than
His
own
Coach
.
These
Vertues
and
this
Success
made
such
an
impression
on
the
Parliament
,
that
though
they
took
all
courses
to
hide
the
Infamy
of
their
worsted
Army
,
yet
in
more
humble
Expressions
than
formerly
they
Petitioned
the
King
for
a
Treaty
of
Peace
,
which
His
Majesty
very
earnestly
embraced
.
But
the
Faction
,
who
were
frighted
with
these
Tendencies
to
an
Accommodation
,
cause
some
of
the
City
to
Petition
against
it
,
and
to
make
profer
of
their
Lives
and
Fortunes
for
the
prosecution
of
the
War
.
Encouraged
by
this
they
form
their
Propositions
like
the
Commands
of
Conquerours
,
and
so
streighten
the
Power
and
Time
of
their
Commissioners
,
that
the
Treaty
at
Oxford
became
fruitless
,
which
there
had
taken
up
all
the
King's
employment
this
Winter
,
though
abroad
His
Forces
were
busie
in
several
Parts
of
the
Nation
,
not
without
honour
.
[
Anno
1643.
]
At
the
Opening
of
the
Spring
the
Queen
comes
back
to
England
,
bringing
with
Her
some
considerable
Supplies
of
Men
,
Money
and
Ammunition
,
and
Her
coming
was
entertained
with
such
a
Series
of
Successes
,
that
the
King
that
Summer
was
Master
of
the
North
and
West
,
except
some
few
Garrisons
.
Which
so
dismayed
the
Parliament
,
that
very
many
of
them
were
preparing
to
quit
the
Kingdom
:
and
had
the
King
followed
His
own
Counsels
,
to
march
immediately
towards
London
,
and
not
been
fatally
over-born
at
a
Council
of
War
,
(
which
,
it
is
said
,
His
Enemies
at
London
did
assure
their
Party
would
so
be
)
first
to
attempt
Gloucester
,
He
had
,
in
the
judgement
of
all
discerning
men
,
then
finished
the
War
with
Glory
.
But
here
He
lay
so
long
till
Essex
had
gotten
a
Recruit
from
London
,
and
came
time
enough
to
relieve
the
Town
;
though
in
his
return
the
King
necessitated
him
to
fight
,
worsted
him
near
Newbery
,
and
so
bravely
followed
him
the
next
day
,
that
He
forced
the
Parliaments
Horse
which
were
left
in
the
Reer
to
seek
their
safety
by
making
their
way
over
a
great
part
of
their
Foot
;
yet
lost
on
His
side
much
Noble
Blood
,
as
the
Earls
of
Carnarvan
and
Sunderland
,
and
Viscount
Falkland
.
This
last
was
lamented
by
all
,
being
equally
dexterous
at
the
Pen
and
Sword
,
had
won
some
Wreathes
in
those
Controversies
that
were
to
be
managed
by
Reason
,
and
was
eminent
in
all
the
Generous
parts
of
Learning
,
above
any
of
his
Fortune
and
Dignity
.
After
this
Encounter
the
King
returns
to
Oxford
,
to
Consult
with
those
Members
of
both
Houses
that
had
left
the
Impostures
and
Tumults
at
London
,
to
joyn
with
Him
for
the
common
benefit
,
who
being
as
to
the
Peers
the
far
greater
,
and
as
to
the
Commons
an
equal
Number
with
those
at
Westminster
,
they
assumed
the
Name
and
Authority
of
Parliament
,
and
deliberated
of
the
ways
of
Peace
,
and
means
to
prevent
the
Desolations
which
the
Faction
so
furiously
designed
,
who
were
now
resolving
to
encrease
our
Miseries
by
Calling
in
the
Scots
to
their
assistance
.
For
though
they
pretended
so
highly
to
God's
Cause
,
as
if
they
had
the
certainty
of
some
Divine
Revelation
,
yet
they
would
not
trust
Him
for
their
Preservation
,
notwithstanding
their
pretences
to
his
Cause
had
furnished
them
with
so
vast
a
Treasure
and
so
mighty
a
Strength
;
but
would
invite
others
to
the
Violation
of
most
sacred
Oaths
,
to
sin
against
all
Laws
and
every
Rule
of
Justice
,
that
themselves
might
be
secure
in
their
Usurpations
.
And
that
Perfidious
Party
that
then
ruled
in
Scotland
,
hoping
for
as
great
advantages
as
their
former
Wickedness
had
yielded
,
contrary
to
all
Obligations
which
the
King's
Goodness
had
laid
on
them
,
and
their
free
and
Voluntary
Execrations
,
(
as
was
that
of
Alexander
Lesley
,
who
lifting
up
his
arms
and
hands
to
Heaven
,
wished
they
might
rot
to
his
body
before
he
died
,
if
ever
he
should
heave
them
up
hereafter
,
or
draw
his
sword
,
against
so
gude
a
King
,
)
drew
that
People
once
more
into
Rebellion
against
their
Prince
;
and
to
make
them
more
eager
,
and
think
the
Enterprise
easie
,
they
first
raised
a
report
that
the
King
was
deserted
by
most
of
His
Nobility
.
The
Parliament
at
Oxford
having
by
a
Letter
moved
the
Earl
of
Essex
to
endeavour
Peace
,
did
also
declare
against
this
Invasion
of
the
Scots
by
another
Letter
sent
to
them
,
in
which
also
they
acquaint
them
with
the
falsness
of
their
officious
Lie
,
and
shew
how
inconsiderable
a
Number
of
Lords
were
with
those
that
invited
them
in
.
The
King
Himself
writes
also
to
put
them
in
mind
of
their
several
Ingagements
to
be
Quiet
.
But
with
an
Insolencie
fit
for
most
perjured
Souls
,
they
Commanded
the
Letters
to
be
burned
by
the
hand
of
the
Hangman
.
A
more
secret
falshood
He
also
found
in
the
Marquess
Hamilton
,
whose
Treasons
now
came
to
be
more
suspected
.
For
His
Majesty
having
written
to
him
,
to
use
all
his
Power
and
Interest
to
keep
his
Country-men
at
home
,
(
which
had
not
been
difficult
for
one
of
his
Grandeur
in
that
unquiet
Nation
)
he
by
some
secret
Arts
doth
more
inflame
them
;
and
to
cover
his
Perfidiousness
,
flies
from
Scotland
to
Oxford
,
as
seeking
a
shelter
for
his
Loyalty
;
but
indeed
to
be
a
Spy
in
the
King's
Counsels
.
But
his
Treasons
had
out-stripp'd
him
and
his
Brother
,
the
Earl
of
Lanerick
,
who
came
with
him
,
therefore
they
were
both
forbidden
the
Court.
Lanerick
not
willing
to
tarry
till
a
further
Discovery
,
gets
out
of
Oxford
,
flies
to
those
at
London
,
and
by
them
was
imployed
in
the
Scotch
Army
;
which
made
Hamilton's
Treachery
more
evident
,
and
he
was
sent
Prisoner
to
Pendennis
Castle
.
But
the
dishonour
of
that
Nation
was
in
a
great
measure
repaired
by
the
Gallantry
and
Faithfulness
of
the
Marquess
Montross
,
who
being
commission'd
by
the
King
,
with
an
incredible
Industry
by
small
numbers
of
men
won
many
Battels
,
and
overthrew
well-formed
Armies
:
and
had
not
the
Fate
of
his
Master
,
which
was
to
be
betrayed
by
those
He
trusted
,
been
likewise
common
to
him
,
he
had
forced
that
Nation
to
Justice
and
Quiet
.
But
e're
Montross
could
get
his
Commission
,
the
Scots
were
entred
England
:
whose
coming
that
it
might
be
less
odious
to
the
People
,
who
now
grew
cold
in
their
zeal
to
the
Cause
,
and
saw
themselves
deluded
into
so
continued
dangers
,
the
Faction
make
use
of
such
frauds
as
should
make
the
People
either
think
them
necessary
assistances
,
or
might
divert
their
thoughts
from
apprehending
the
Miseries
they
brought
with
them
to
this
Nation
;
therefore
they
invent
new
Slanders
of
the
King
and
His
Party
.
That
His
Majesty
did
intend
to
translate
Monarchy
into
a
Tyranny
:
that
He
would
seise
upon
all
their
Estates
who
had
any
way
opposed
Him
,
and
make
their
persons
Slaves
:
that
there
was
no
hope
of
Pardon
from
Him
,
who
was
so
merciless
:
that
He
would
take
away
all
their
Liberties
and
Privileges
as
forfeited
,
destroy
the
Protestant
Religion
,
and
introduce
Popery
,
which
at
Oxford
He
did
practise
Himself
,
and
that
all
men
must
be
forced
to
go
to
Mass
.
As
for
His
Party
they
set
them
out
to
be
such
Monsters
,
that
the
lower
sort
of
People
doubted
whether
the
Cavaliers
had
the
shapes
of
men
.
For
sad
Relations
were
printed
and
published
of
their
inhumanity
and
barbarous
murders
:
that
they
did
feast
upon
the
Flesh
of
Men
,
and
that
they
fed
their
Dogs
and
their
Horses
with
the
same
Diet
,
to
make
them
more
fierce
for
the
blood
of
the
Godly
Party
:
that
no
mans
house
was
so
poor
and
mean
that
a
Cavalier
would
think
beneath
his
rapine
.
Thus
they
wrought
upon
the
melancholy
spirits
of
some
by
fear
.
For
those
of
a
morose
and
cholerick
temper
they
had
proper
divertisements
:
they
permitted
to
them
a
tumultuary
Reformation
,
to
pull
down
the
Pictures
and
Images
of
Christ
,
the
Virgin
Mary
,
and
the
Saints
;
which
with
great
Solemnity
they
committed
to
the
flames
,
that
they
might
suffer
as
it
were
another
Martyrdom
.
All
Crosses
,
though
set
up
for
Ornament
and
Use
in
the
Streets
of
London
,
and
other
places
,
they
pulled
down
:
they
invade
the
Churches
,
and
there
deface
what
their
Humour
or
Rapine
would
call
Superstition
,
pull
down
the
Organs
,
tear
the
Surplices
;
and
all
this
was
suffered
to
please
the
Rabble
,
who
delight
in
violences
and
such
ostentations
of
their
fury
,
and
to
make
them
in
something
or
other
guilty
,
that
they
might
despair
of
Pardon
.
For
others
,
who
were
to
be
wrought
upon
by
Religion
,
they
entertain
them
with
Fasts
,
publick
Thanksgivings
for
slight
Victories
,
and
solemn
Spiritual
meetings
(
as
they
called
them
;
)
where
whatsoever
the
Faction
dictated
was
commended
by
the
Speakers
to
their
unwary
hearers
as
the
Oracles
of
Heaven
:
and
being
thus
wrapp'd
up
in
those
true
delights
which
accompany
the
Worship
of
God
,
they
were
securely
swallowed
by
them
,
as
Poison
when
it
is
offered
in
a
Sacramental
Chalice
.
To
please
their
Ministers
whom
hitherto
they
had
used
as
their
Properties
and
Instruments
of
their
Arts
,
Presbytery
is
set
up
,
that
they
also
might
have
an
Imaginary
Empire
:
but
it
was
not
intended
they
should
exercise
it
.
For
the
pretensions
of
that
to
a
Divine
Right
did
so
terrifie
them
who
were
resolved
against
all
Government
that
was
not
subject
unto
or
dependent
on
theirs
,
that
they
presently
raised
all
the
other
Sects
,
Independents
,
Erastians
,
(
who
for
the
most
part
were
Lawyers
,
that
could
not
endure
to
hear
of
any
Thunderbolts
of
Excommunication
,
but
what
was
heated
in
their
own
forges
)
Anabaptists
,
Seekers
,
and
Atheists
(
of
which
there
were
many
sprung
up
,
who
seeing
how
Religion
was
abused
to
carnal
and
unjust
Ends
,
began
first
to
despise
that
,
and
afterwards
to
deny
God
)
to
write
and
declaim
against
this
new
Politie
,
as
the
most
severe
and
absolute
Tyranny
under
the
Sun
,
and
the
tenth
Persecution
.
But
this
seeming
modesty
of
admitting
a
Church-Government
served
their
ends
for
the
present
,
till
they
could
acquire
a
greater
strength
,
in
confidence
of
which
they
might
slight
the
Terrours
of
the
Law
,
and
the
Anathema's
of
the
Church
.
The
Liturgy
also
was
abolished
,
under
pretence
of
a
Spiritual
Liberty
,
for
it
was
accused
of
putting
a
restraint
upon
the
Spirit
,
but
in
truth
,
because
it
had
so
frequent
Offices
for
the
King
.
To
these
were
added
the
Covenant
,
the
Fetters
of
the
Scotish
Slavery
:
this
was
to
bind
the
whole
Nation
to
the
Interests
of
the
Faction
,
and
was
used
as
the
Water
of
Jealousie
,
to
discover
those
whom
they
did
suspect
.
Therefore
all
the
Conspirators
,
of
what
Sect
soever
,
whether
Independents
or
Anabaptists
,
though
they
refused
to
take
it
themselves
,
(
because
it
did
oblige
to
the
Preservation
of
the
King's
Person
and
Authority
)
yet
were
as
eager
Imposers
of
it
as
the
Presbyterians
(
who
in
simplicity
urged
it
as
the
Fundamental
Constitution
of
their
Empire
)
upon
all
who
they
thought
would
not
prostitute
their
Souls
to
their
designs
,
or
had
any
thing
fit
to
be
made
their
Spoils
.
And
by
this
only
Engine
many
thousand
Persons
and
Families
were
miserably
ruined
,
especially
of
the
Clergy
.
To
oblige
more
fastly
those
that
had
no
patience
to
expect
nor
hopes
to
receive
any
reward
for
their
Service
against
their
Prince
in
the
other
life
,
and
so
would
not
be
satisfied
with
the
shews
of
Religion
,
but
sought
more
solid
encouragements
in
the
spoils
of
it
,
the
Lands
of
the
Bishops
were
exposed
to
sale
,
and
that
at
such
easie
rates
as
might
invite
the
hazards
of
the
Purchase
,
satiate
their
boundless
Covetousness
,
and
ingage
them
in
a
pertinacious
faith
to
their
Merchants
.
To
cement
all
these
distinct
Humours
in
one
common
pleasure
,
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
was
prepared
for
a
Sacrifice
,
and
about
this
time
began
his
Tryal
,
which
continued
a
whole
year
,
being
when
the
Houses
were
at
leisure
called
by
several
months
and
weeks
to
answer
to
his
Charge
,
that
by
his
frequent
passages
as
a
Prisoner
he
might
give
a
pleasant
Diversion
to
the
Rabble
,
who
are
delighted
with
the
ruines
and
misfortunes
of
great
Persons
,
and
by
their
injuries
and
reproaches
he
might
be
reduced
to
such
a
weakness
of
Spirit
as
was
not
competent
with
the
defence
of
his
Cause
.
But
his
Cause
and
his
Conscience
were
impregnable
,
and
he
overthrew
their
Slanders
,
though
he
could
not
their
Power
.
By
these
Arts
and
Ways
was
the
Winter
spent
to
prepare
for
the
attempts
of
the
following
Summer
,
wherein
,
[
Anno
1644.
]
though
the
Parliaments
Forces
increased
by
the
Scotish
Succours
had
the
Success
over
several
bodies
of
the
Royalists
,
yet
that
small
Number
that
followed
the
King's
Person
,
and
were
guided
by
His
own
Counsels
and
Example
,
obtained
two
great
Victories
.
For
His
Majesty
having
once
more
provided
for
the
Safety
of
the
Queen
,
(
in
sending
Her
to
Excester
,
there
to
lay
down
the
burden
of
Her
Love
,
and
from
thence
to
seek
for
Shelter
in
France
)
taken
(
contrary
to
their
hopes
)
His
last
farewell
of
Her
,
and
left
Oxford
strengthned
against
the
Siege
which
the
Earl
of
Essex
and
Sir
William
Waller
threatned
that
place
with
,
He
with
a
small
party
draws
out
,
intending
to
form
His
Counsels
according
to
the
future
Occurrences
.
This
made
the
Enemy
divide
,
and
Essex
was
designed
to
reduce
the
West
.
But
Waller
,
with
whom
usually
went
Sir
Arthur
Hesilrigge
(
a
Person
fitter
to
raise
Seditious
Tumults
than
manage
Armies
)
was
to
hunt
the
King
upon
the
Mountains
of
Wales
,
towards
which
He
seemed
to
direct
His
course
.
But
hearing
of
the
resolutions
of
these
two
jealous
Generals
,
He
wheels
about
to
Oxford
,
and
from
thence
drew
the
greatest
strength
of
that
Garrison
,
and
with
that
falling
upon
Waller
at
Cropredy-bridge
,
obtained
a
great
Victory
;
which
would
have
been
more
prejudicial
to
the
Enemy
,
had
not
the
Tenderness
of
His
Subjects
Blood
restrained
Him
from
prosecuting
His
Success
to
a
greater
slaughter
.
But
contenting
Himself
to
have
diverted
Injuries
from
His
own
breast
,
He
only
used
this
Victory
for
an
advantage
to
Peace
,
which
in
a
Letter
from
Evesham
,
July
4.
He
moves
the
Parliament
unto
.
But
the
unquiet
Criminals
rendred
it
vain
and
fruitless
,
and
represented
to
the
People
their
yet
prevailing
Forces
in
the
North
,
and
their
Army
in
the
West
,
which
had
now
taken
in
some
considerable
places
to
their
Obedience
.
Therefore
to
remove
their
Confidence
in
Essex's
Power
,
the
King
follows
him
,
and
so
closely
pursues
him
,
that
He
drove
him
up
into
Cornwall
,
and
there
did
as
it
were
besiege
him
.
During
which
He
sent
a
Letter
to
him
,
which
was
seconded
by
another
from
the
Lords
and
Gentlemen
in
His
Army
,
to
solicite
His
endeavours
for
the
Peace
and
Quiet
of
the
bleeding
and
wasted
Kingdom
.
But
it
met
not
its
desired
effect
:
Because
that
Earl
either
valued
not
that
solid
Glory
of
being
the
happy
Author
of
a
Nations
Settlement
;
or
feared
that
his
past
Actions
had
wholly
despoiled
him
of
hopes
of
Security
in
a
return
to
Obedience
,
or
knew
that
his
Authority
was
not
so
great
to
put
an
Issue
to
those
Crimes
which
he
had
led
others
to
commit
.
(
For
every
inconsiderable
person
may
be
powerfull
at
Disturbances
,
but
to
form
Peace
requires
much
Wisdom
and
great
Vertues
.
)
Which
last
was
generally
believed
,
for
he
had
found
and
complained
that
his
Credit
declined
with
the
Faction
,
that
they
were
distrustfull
lest
their
own
Arts
might
teach
him
to
have
no
faith
to
them
,
because
he
often
solicited
them
to
a
composing
of
the
Kingdoms
Distractions
.
Therefore
making
no
return
to
those
Letters
,
he
provided
for
his
own
safety
in
a
Cock-boat
,
and
ignominiously
deserted
his
Army
;
of
which
the
Horse
,
taking
the
advantage
of
a
dark
night
,
made
their
escape
,
but
the
Commanders
of
the
Foot
did
capitulate
for
their
Lives
,
and
left
their
Arms
,
Cannon
,
Baggage
and
Ammunition
,
to
the
Disposal
of
the
King
.
The
speedy
and
prudent
acquisition
of
these
two
Victories
shewed
the
King
had
those
Abilities
that
might
have
inserted
Him
in
the
Catalogue
of
the
Bravest
Commanders
;
and
had
not
want
of
Success
in
His
following
Enterprises
clouded
the
Glory
of
this
Summer
,
He
had
been
as
eminent
among
the
Masters
of
War
as
He
was
among
the
Sons
of
Peace
,
the
Honour
of
which
last
He
most
eagerly
thirsted
,
as
rendering
Him
most
like
that
Majesty
He
did
represent
.
Therefore
after
this
Victory
,
by
a
Letter
from
Tavestock
,
Sept.
8.
He
re-inforces
that
from
Evesham
for
an
Accord
with
the
Parliament
,
being
not
transported
from
His
Lenity
by
the
Violence
with
which
Victory
uses
to
hurry
humane
breasts
to
an
insolence
.
But
He
knew
that
Peace
,
though
it
is
profitable
to
the
Conquered
,
yet
it
is
glorious
for
the
Conquerour
.
To
busie
His
Army
while
He
expected
their
Answer
,
and
formed
an
Association
in
the
Western
Counties
,
He
sits
down
before
Plymmouth
;
but
finding
this
Message
had
an
equal
reception
with
the
former
,
and
that
the
Faction
intended
not
to
sacrifice
their
ill-acquired
Power
and
Usurped
Interests
to
the
publick
Tranquillity
,
He
rises
from
thence
,
and
marches
towards
London
,
from
whence
were
by
this
time
in
the
way
to
meet
Him
Essex
and
Waller
recruited
,
and
joyned
with
the
Earl
of
Manchester's
Forces
that
were
now
returned
from
their
Northern
Services
.
And
at
Newbery
both
sides
joyn
in
an
eager
Fight
,
which
being
varied
with
different
successes
,
in
the
several
divisions
,
each
party
draw
off
by
degrees
,
and
neither
found
cause
to
boast
of
a
Victory
.
The
King
being
returned
to
Oxford
,
the
Parliament
wearied
with
the
Complaints
of
the
oppressed
Nation
,
who
now
grew
impatient
under
the
Distractions
,
take
into
Consideration
His
Majesty's
two
Messages
for
Peace
,
and
send
Propositions
for
it
in
the
name
of
the
two
Parliaments
of
England
and
Scotland
,
united
by
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
.
Which
though
they
seemed
the
desires
of
minds
that
intended
nothing
less
than
the
common
Tranquillity
,
yet
the
King
neglects
them
not
,
but
hoping
that
in
a
Treaty
Commissioners
might
argue
them
into
Reason
,
offers
it
,
which
with
much
difficulty
the
Houses
are
drawn
to
accept
;
but
yet
would
have
it
at
Vxbridge
,
a
place
but
about
fifteen
miles
distant
from
London
,
and
above
twice
that
distance
from
Oxford
.
And
accordingly
Commissioners
from
both
Parties
met
on
Jan.
30.
While
the
King
was
providing
for
the
Treaty
,
and
forming
Instructions
for
His
Ministers
,
the
Faction
found
the
Parliament
other
work
by
new
designs
;
and
to
habituate
the
People
to
an
abhorrency
of
Peace
,
fed
them
with
blood
.
The
two
Hotham's
first
were
to
be
the
Sport
of
the
Multitude
:
and
that
the
Father
might
have
more
than
a
single
death
,
he
was
drawn
back
in
his
journey
to
the
Scaffold
,
Decemb.
31.
that
his
Son
might
be
executed
before
him
,
as
he
was
Jan.
1.
when
after
he
had
expressed
his
fury
to
those
Masters
whom
they
had
served
to
their
ruines
,
his
Head
was
chopt
off
.
And
on
Jan.
2.
the
Father
is
brought
to
the
place
that
was
defiled
with
his
Son's
blood
,
and
had
his
own
added
to
it
.
These
were
not
much
lamented
by
any
,
for
the
memory
that
they
first
kindled
the
Flame
of
the
Nation
kept
every
eye
dry
.
The
People
thus
fed
with
courser
blood
,
a
cleaner
Sacrifice
was
afterwards
presented
,
William
Laud
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
Primate
of
all
England
.
He
had
indured
Imprisonment
four
years
,
and
passed
through
a
Tryal
of
many
months
,
in
which
he
had
acquitted
himself
with
such
a
confidence
as
became
the
Innocency
and
Constancy
of
a
Christian
Bishop
and
Confessor
,
but
yet
must
fall
to
please
the
Scots
,
and
those
merciless
men
who
imputed
God's
anger
in
the
difficulties
of
Success
against
their
Prince
,
to
the
continuance
of
this
Prelate's
Life
:
therefore
he
was
Voted
Guilty
of
High
Treason
by
the
House
of
Commons
,
and
was
condemned
in
the
House
of
Peers
(
though
they
have
no
power
over
the
life
of
the
meanest
Subject
without
the
concurrence
of
the
King
)
when
there
were
but
Seven
Lords
present
,
That
he
was
now
shortly
to
give
account
of
all
his
Actions
at
an
higher
and
more
equal
Tribunal
,
and
desired
he
might
not
be
disturbed
in
his
Preparations
for
it
.
When
he
came
to
the
Scene
of
his
death
,
he
appeared
with
that
chearfulness
and
serenity
in
his
face
,
as
a
good
Conscience
doth
beautifie
the
owners
with
:
and
it
was
so
conspicuous
,
that
his
Enemies
,
who
were
ashamed
to
see
his
Innocency
pourtraied
in
his
Countenance
,
did
report
he
had
drunk
some
Spirits
,
to
force
his
nature
from
a
paleness
.
He
preached
his
own
Funeral
Sermon
on
that
Text
,
Hebr.
12.2
.
and
concluding
his
life
with
Prayer
,
submitted
himself
to
the
stroke
of
the
Ax.
He
was
a
Person
of
so
great
Abilities
(
which
are
the
Designations
of
Nature
to
Dignity
and
Command
,
)
that
they
raised
him
from
low
beginnings
to
the
highest
Office
the
Protestant
Profession
acknowledges
in
the
Church
.
And
he
was
equal
to
it
.
His
Learning
appear'd
eminent
in
his
Book
against
Fisher
,
and
his
Piety
illustrious
in
his
Diary
(
although
published
by
One
that
was
thirsty
of
his
blood
,
and
polluted
with
many
malicious
Comments
and
false
Surmises
to
make
him
odious
.
)
He
was
of
so
Publick
a
Spirit
,
that
both
the
Church
and
State
have
lasting
Monuments
of
the
Vertuous
use
of
his
Princes
favour
;
at
his
Admittance
into
which
he
dedicated
all
the
future
Emoluments
of
it
to
the
Glory
of
God
and
the
Good
of
Men
,
by
a
Projection
of
many
noble
Works
:
most
of
which
he
accomplished
,
and
had
finished
the
rest
had
not
the
Fate
of
the
Nation
checked
the
current
of
his
Designs
,
and
cut
off
the
Course
of
his
Life
.
He
was
not
contented
by
himself
only
to
serve
his
Generation
,
(
for
so
he
might
have
appeared
more
greedy
of
Fame
,
than
desirous
of
the
Universal
Benefit
)
but
he
endeavoured
to
render
all
others
as
heroick
,
if
they
aimed
at
a
Capacity
for
his
Friendship
:
for
(
I
have
heard
it
from
his
Enemies
)
no
geat
man
was
admitted
to
a
confidence
and
respect
with
him
,
unless
he
made
his
Address
by
some
Act
that
was
for
the
Common
Good
,
or
for
the
Ornament
and
Glory
of
the
Protestant
Faith
.
Learned
men
had
not
a
better
Friend
,
nor
Learning
it self
a
greater
Advancer
;
he
searched
all
the
Libraries
of
Asia
,
and
from
several
parts
of
the
World
purchased
all
the
Ornaments
and
Helps
of
Literature
he
could
,
that
the
English
Church
might
have
(
if
possible
)
by
his
Care
as
many
Advantages
for
Knowledge
as
almost
all
Europe
did
contribute
to
the
Grandeur
of
that
of
Rome
.
The
outward
Splendour
of
the
Clergy
was
not
more
his
Care
than
their
Honour
by
a
grave
and
pious
Conversation
;
he
would
put
them
into
a
power
of
doing
more
good
,
but
was
severe
against
their
Vices
and
Vanities
.
He
scorned
a
private
Treasure
,
and
his
Kindred
were
rather
relieved
than
raised
to
any
greatness
by
him
.
In
his
Election
of
Friends
,
he
was
determinated
to
the
Good
and
Wise
,
and
such
as
had
both
Parts
and
Desires
to
profit
the
Church
had
his
closest
Embraces
;
if
otherwise
it
happened
,
their
frauds
,
not
his
choice
,
deserved
the
blame
.
Both
Papists
and
Sectaries
were
equally
his
Enemies
;
one
party
feared
,
and
the
other
hated
his
Vertues
.
Some
censured
him
of
too
much
Heat
,
and
a
Zeal
for
Discipline
above
the
Patience
of
the
Times
.
But
his
geatest
unhappiness
,
was
,
that
he
lived
in
a
Factious
Age
,
and
Corrupt
State
,
and
under
such
a
Prince
,
whose
Vertues
not
admitting
an
immediate
approach
for
Accusations
,
was
to
be
wounded
in
those
whom
He
did
Caresse
.
But
when
Faction
and
Malice
are
worn
out
by
time
,
Posterity
shall
ingrave
him
in
the
Albe
of
the
Most
Excellent
Prelates
,
the
most
indulgent
Fathers
of
the
Church
,
and
the
most
injured
Martyrs
.
His
blood
was
accompanied
with
some
tears
that
fell
from
those
Eyes
which
expected
a
pleasure
at
his
Death
,
and
it
had
been
followed
with
a
more
general
mourning
,
had
not
the
Publick
Miseries
,
and
present
fears
of
Ruine
exacted
all
the
Stock
of
Grief
for
other
objects
.
About
this
time
the
Faction
clove
into
two
Sects
,
the
Presbyterian
and
Independent
,
which
hitherto
had
been
united
under
one
name
of
Patriots
,
or
Godly
,
had
joyntly
conspired
War
and
disturbed
the
Peace
,
and
by
various
Arts
had
acted
all
their
lusts
under
the
name
and
Authority
of
Parliament
.
For
they
would
either
early
in
the
morning
before
the
House
was
full
,
or
late
at
night
,
when
those
whose
cares
were
most
for
the
Publick
were
absent
,
being
assured
of
the
Speaker
,
propose
and
Vote
what
served
for
their
Design
.
If
any
thing
contrary
to
it
was
about
to
be
resolved
in
a
full
Assembly
,
they
by
multitude
of
Scruples
would
so
disturb
the
Debates
,
that
the
determination
was
deferr'd
to
a
desired
Opportunity
.
But
if
these
failed
,
then
would
they
surprise
the
House
with
another
Vote
that
should
weaken
and
hinder
the
Execution
of
the
former
.
When
the
most
conscientious
were
too
numerous
for
them
,
then
would
they
make
necessities
to
send
the
less
pliant
to
their
wills
into
the
Country
.
Thus
the
Lesser
,
but
more
industrious
,
Party
did
circumvent
the
Greater
,
that
were
not
so
wary
nor
diligent
.
While
they
thus
joyntly
contrive
the
Publick
Ruine
,
they
had
gotten
themselves
into
the
most
considerable
and
profitable
Offices
of
the
Kingdom
.
But
the
Presbyterians
having
the
advantage
in
Number
and
Power
,
and
the
dissension
in
their
Opinions
growing
still
higher
,
by
the
Animosities
of
the
inferiour
and
obscurer
parts
of
their
Sects
,
there
was
neither
Faith
nor
Love
among
them
,
but
what
Fear
and
Necessity
did
force
them
unto
.
The
Independents
,
who
comprehended
all
the
several
herds
of
Hereticks
,
Anabaptists
,
Seekers
,
Millenaries
,
&c.
though
they
were
the
Disciples
of
the
other
,
yet
excelled
their
Masters
in
Art
and
Industry
,
had
their
private
Junto's
and
meetings
apart
to
mould
their
Projects
,
and
assign
to
each
of
their
Confidents
their
several
Scenes
and
Methods
;
and
,
by
proper
Applications
to
mens
several
humours
,
had
exceedingly
encreased
their
strength
in
the
Multitude
,
only
they
wanted
the
Power
of
the
Sword
,
and
the
most
useful
Offices
to
perfect
their
Empire
.
This
they
effected
by
those
very
practices
they
had
learned
from
the
Presbyterians
:
and
by
procuring
the
Ordinance
of
Self-denial
,
(
as
they
called
it
)
they
turned
out
Essex
(
whom
they
had
before
secretly
caused
to
be
suspected
,
and
who
had
neither
glory
in
his
War
,
nor
security
or
quiet
in
his
Peace
)
from
his
Generalship
,
and
with
him
also
the
other
Leaders
that
were
favourers
of
the
Presbytery
,
under
pretence
that
it
was
not
fit
that
any
Members
of
Parliament
should
be
encouraged
to
a
continuance
of
the
War
,
by
enjoying
the
profitable
and
powerful
Offices
in
the
Army
,
to
which
they
would
now
give
a
new
Module
.
Having
by
this
Artifice
displaced
those
whose
Power
they
feared
,
they
brought
in
as
many
Candidates
of
their
own
Sect
as
they
could
to
be
Colonels
,
and
Sir
Thomas
Fairfax
was
appointed
General
.
This
Man
both
Parties
did
the
more
easily
consent
in
,
because
he
was
known
to
be
of
sufficient
Personal
Valour
,
and
of
no
private
Designs
,
obstinate
by
a
natural
Melancholy
,
rather
than
pertinacious
in
any
Interest
,
and
rather
free
from
Baseness
,
than
ambitious
of
Vain-glory
;
by
all
these
Qualities
they
supposed
he
would
be
obedient
to
the
Resolves
of
his
Masters
.
But
the
Independents
,
that
were
better
informed
of
his
ductile
Spirit
,
and
how
easily
he
might
be
imposed
upon
by
a
Species
of
Religion
,
got
the
great
Patron
of
all
the
wildest
and
most
unreasonable
Sectaries
,
Oliver
Cromwell
,
at
first
to
be
admitted
into
his
Counsels
,
and
afterwards
to
be
the
Director
of
all
his
actions
,
under
the
title
of
Lieutenant
General
.
For
although
he
likewise
by
the
Self-denying
Ordinance
was
made
incapable
of
any
Office
in
the
Army
,
being
a
Member
of
the
Parliament
;
yet
those
Troops
of
Fanaticks
whom
he
had
amassed
,
and
formerly
led
under
the
Command
of
the
Lord
Grey
of
Wark
,
and
the
Earl
of
Manchester
,
(
both
which
he
had
cast
off
)
were
instructed
to
refuse
the
Conduct
of
any
one
but
him
.
He
was
therefore
permitted
by
the
Parliament
,
as
the
General
desired
,
for
a
time
to
continue
in
the
Army
;
but
he
never
left
it
till
he
had
changed
that
,
ruined
the
Parliament
,
and
turned
out
the
General
,
that
thus
was
the
Author
of
his
unlawful
Power
.
For
this
Man
,
having
a
long
time
been
poor
and
necessitous
,
the
Patrimony
that
was
left
him
being
profusely
spent
,
and
nothing
remaining
but
the
Instruments
of
his
Crimes
,
a
bloody
and
fierce
nature
,
a
greedy
soul
full
of
bold
and
unjust
hopes
,
yet
able
to
conceal
them
with
a
profession
of
Modesty
,
a
contempt
of
Religion
and
Friendship
,
yet
highly
pretending
to
both
,
till
he
had
smote
under
the
fifth
rib
those
credulous
hearts
that
trusted
him
;
he
was
fitted
for
the
most
impious
enterprises
,
for
vexed
by
a
pressing
and
tedious
poverty
,
he
resolved
to
indeavour
the
utmost
distance
from
such
a
Condition
,
though
by
the
greatest
wickedness
,
therefore
used
the
Power
he
had
now
gotten
to
overthrow
the
whole
State
,
and
establish
himself
in
an
absolute
and
unsupportable
Tyranny
,
which
is
the
common
issue
of
assaulting
a
Just
and
Lawful
Prince
with
Arms.
With
these
Tragedies
and
Changes
was
the
Winter
spent
at
London
,
while
the
King
at
Oxford
waits
for
the
Issue
of
the
Treaty
at
Vxbridge
,
which
,
as
all
other
Consultations
for
Peace
,
was
vain
and
fruitless
.
For
the
Faction
would
alwayes
obstruct
those
endeavours
by
their
proper
Methods
.
If
the
Condition
of
their
affairs
were
prosperous
,
then
would
they
make
their
Demands
like
Impositions
on
conquered
Slaves
,
detesting
to
supplicate
that
the
acquisitions
of
their
Swords
and
Blood
should
be
confirmed
by
a
worsted
Enemy
.
In
a
more
humble
fortune
they
would
deprecate
their
drooping
Party
,
not
then
to
think
of
a
Reconciliation
which
their
unprosperous
Arms
must
necessarily
render
harder
than
their
hopes
;
and
that
it
was
not
for
the
Honour
of
a
Parliament
to
seem
to
yield
to
any
thing
by
fear
or
compulsion
.
Besides
these
devices
,
many
fictitious
Letters
were
composed
,
false
Rumours
divulged
,
and
witnesses
suborned
,
to
make
men
suspect
that
many
dangerous
Plots
and
portentous
Designs
were
disguised
in
these
Overtures
of
Accord
.
Therefore
the
Commissioners
of
Parliament
were
instructed
to
offer
no
Expedient
for
an
Accommodation
,
nor
hearken
to
such
as
were
tendred
to
them
in
the
Name
of
the
King
.
His
Majesty
seeing
and
bewailing
his
Condition
,
that
He
must
still
have
to
do
with
those
that
were
Enemies
to
Peace
,
prepares
Himself
for
the
War
at
the
approaching
Spring
:
and
although
this
Winter
was
infamous
with
many
losses
,
either
through
the
neglects
or
perfidiousness
of
some
Officers
;
yet
before
the
season
for
taking
the
field
was
come
,
His
Counsels
and
Diligence
had
repaired
those
damages
.
[
Anno
1645.
]
In
April
He
sends
the
Prince
to
perfect
the
Western
Association
,
and
raise
such
Forces
as
the
necessities
of
the
Crown
,
which
was
His
Inheritance
,
did
require
:
with
Him
is
sent
,
as
Moderator
of
His
Youth
,
and
prime
Counsellour
,
Sir
Edward
Hide
,
now
Lord
High
Chancellour
of
England
,
whose
Faithfulness
had
endeared
him
to
His
Majesty
,
who
also
judged
his
Abilities
equal
to
the
Charge
;
in
which
He
continued
with
the
same
Faith
,
through
all
the
Difficulties
and
Persecutions
of
his
Master
,
till
it
pleased
God
to
bring
the
Prince
back
to
the
Throne
of
His
Fathers
,
and
him
to
the
Chief
Ministery
of
State
.
After
their
departure
the
King
draws
out
His
Army
to
relieve
His
Northern
Counties
and
Garrisons
.
But
being
on
His
march
,
and
having
stormed
and
taken
Leicester
in
His
way
,
He
was
called
back
to
secure
Oxford
,
which
the
Parliament
Army
threatned
with
a
Siege
.
But
Fairfax
having
gotten
a
Letter
of
the
Lord
Goring's
(
whom
a
Parliament
Spy
had
cajoled
to
trust
him
with
the
delivery
of
it
)
to
His
Majesty
,
wherein
he
had
desired
Him
to
forbear
ingaging
with
the
Enemy
,
till
he
could
be
joyned
with
Him
;
he
leaves
Oxford
,
and
made
directly
towards
the
King
that
was
now
come
back
as
far
as
Daventrey
,
with
a
purpose
to
fight
Him
before
that
addition
of
strength
,
and
at
a
place
near
Naseby
in
Northampton-shire
both
Armies
met
on
Saturday
,
June
14.
Cromwell
having
then
also
brought
some
fresh
Horse
to
Fairfax
;
whose
absence
from
the
Army
at
that
time
the
King
was
assured
by
some
(
who
intended
to
betray
Him
)
should
be
effected
.
Nevertheless
,
the
King
would
not
decline
the
Battel
,
and
had
the
better
at
first
,
but
His
vanquishing
Horse
following
the
chase
of
their
Enemies
too
far
(
a
fatal
errour
that
had
been
twice
before
committed
)
left
the
Foot
open
to
the
other
wing
,
who
pressing
hotly
upon
them
,
put
them
to
an
open
rout
,
and
so
became
Masters
of
His
Canon
,
Camp
,
and
Carriage
,
and
among
these
,
of
His
Majesties
Cabinet
,
in
which
they
found
many
of
His
Letters
,
most
of
them
written
to
the
Queen
:
which
,
not
contented
with
their
Victory
over
His
Forces
,
they
Print
,
as
a
Trophee
over
His
Fame
,
that
by
proposing
His
secret
Thoughts
,
designed
only
for
the
breast
of
His
Wife
,
to
the
debauched
multitude
,
and
they
looking
on
them
through
the
Prejudices
which
the
Slanders
of
the
Faction
had
already
formed
in
their
minds
,
the
Popular
hatred
might
be
increased
.
But
the
publication
of
them
found
a
contrary
effect
,
every
one
that
was
not
barbarous
abhorred
that
Inhumanity
among
Christians
,
which
Generous
Heathens
scorned
to
be
guilty
of
,
and
the
Letters
did
discover
,
that
the
King
was
not
as
He
was
hitherto
characterized
;
but
that
He
had
all
the
Abilities
and
Affections
,
as
well
as
all
the
Rights
,
that
were
fit
for
Majesty
:
and
(
which
is
not
usual
)
He
grew
greater
in
Honour
by
this
Defeat
,
though
He
never
after
recovered
any
considerable
power
.
For
the
Fate
of
this
Battel
had
an
inauspicious
influence
upon
all
His
remaining
Forces
,
and
every
day
His
losses
were
repeated
.
But
though
Fortune
had
left
the
King
,
yet
had
not
His
Valour
;
therefore
gathering
up
the
scattered
remains
of
His
broken
Army
,
He
marches
up
and
down
to
encourage
those
whose
Faith
changed
not
with
His
Condition
.
At
last
attempting
to
relieve
Chester
,
though
He
was
beset
behind
and
before
,
and
His
Horse
wearied
in
such
tedious
and
restless
Marches
,
yet
at
first
He
beat
Poyntz
off
that
followed
;
but
being
charged
by
Fresh
Souldiers
from
the
Leaguer
,
and
a
greater
Number
,
He
was
forced
to
retreat
,
and
leave
some
of
His
gallant
Followers
dead
upon
the
place
.
After
this
He
draws
towards
the
North-East
,
and
commands
the
Lord
Digby
with
the
Horse
that
were
lest
to
march
for
Scotland
,
and
there
to
joyn
with
Montross
,
who
with
an
inconsiderable
company
of
men
had
got
Victories
there
so
prodigious
that
they
looked
like
Miracles
.
But
this
Lord
was
surprised
before
he
could
get
out
of
York-shire
;
for
His
Horse
having
taken
700
of
the
Enemies
Foot
,
were
so
wanton
with
their
Success
,
that
they
were
easily
mastered
by
another
Party
,
and
he
himself
was
compelled
to
fly
into
Ireland
.
These
several
Overthrows
brought
another
mischief
along
with
it
;
for
the
King's
Commanders
and
Officers
broke
their
own
Peace
and
Agreement
,
which
is
the
only
Comfort
and
Relief
of
the
Oppressed
,
and
which
makes
them
considerable
,
though
they
are
despoiled
of
arms
,
by
imputing
(
as
it
useth
to
be
in
unhappy
counsels
)
the
criminous
part
of
their
misfortunes
to
one
another
.
But
many
gallant
Persons
,
whom
Loyalty
and
Religion
had
drawn
to
His
Service
,
endured
the
utmost
hazards
before
they
delivered
the
Holds
He
had
committed
to
their
trust
;
and
by
that
means
employing
the
Enemies
Arms
,
gave
the
King
time
,
who
was
at
last
returned
to
Oxford
,
to
provide
for
His
Safety
.
Hither
every
day
sad
Messages
of
Ruines
from
every
part
of
the
Nation
came
,
which
though
they
seemed
like
the
falling
pieces
of
the
dissolved
world
,
yet
they
found
His
Spirit
erect
and
undaunted
.
For
He
was
equal
in
all
the
Offices
of
His
Life
,
tenacious
of
Truth
and
Equity
,
and
not
moveable
from
them
by
Fears
,
a
Contemner
of
worldly
Glory
,
and
desirous
of
Empire
for
no
other
reason
,
but
because
He
saw
these
Kingdoms
must
be
ruined
,
when
He
relinquished
the
care
of
them
.
But
that
which
most
troubled
Him
were
the
Importunities
of
His
own
disconsolate
Party
to
seek
for
Conditions
of
Peace
,
which
He
saw
was
in
vain
to
expect
would
be
such
as
were
fit
to
accept
;
for
His
former
experience
assured
Him
,
that
these
men
would
follow
the
Counsels
of
their
Fortune
,
and
be
more
Insolent
now
than
ever
.
And
for
Himself
,
He
was
resolved
not
to
sacrifice
His
Conscience
to
Safety
,
nor
His
Honour
to
Life
.
This
He
often
told
those
that
thus
pressed
Him
,
and
did
profess
in
His
Letter
to
Prince
Rupert
,
(
who
likewise
moved
Him
to
the
same
,
)
that
He
would
yield
to
no
more
now
than
what
He
had
offered
at
Uxbridge
,
though
He
confessed
it
were
as
great
a
Miracle
His
Enemies
should
hearken
to
so
much
Reason
,
as
that
He
should
be
restored
within
a
Month
to
the
same
Condition
He
was
in
immediately
before
the
Battel
at
Naseby
.
But
yet
to
satisfie
every
One
how
tender
He
was
of
the
Common
Safety
,
He
sent
several
Messages
to
the
Parliament
for
a
Treaty
,
and
offers
to
come
Himself
to
London
,
if
He
may
have
security
for
Himself
and
Attendants
.
All
which
were
either
not
regarded
,
or
answered
with
Reproaches
.
And
because
the
people
began
to
murmur
at
so
great
an
earnestness
of
the
Faction
to
continue
the
Wounds
of
the
Nation
open
and
bleeding
,
(
since
there
were
many
Forts
yet
held
out
for
the
King
by
Gallant
Persons
,
besides
the
Lord
Hopton
had
an
Army
yet
unbroken
,
and
Ormond
and
Montross
had
considerable
Interests
in
Ireland
and
Scotland
;
all
which
might
be
perswaded
in
a
Treaty
to
part
with
those
Arms
which
could
not
be
taken
from
them
without
much
blood
;
)
and
it
was
the
common
belief
that
these
men
sought
for
Victory
,
not
Peace
and
Liberty
,
which
was
now
tendred
:
therefore
to
raise
suspicions
in
the
Vulgar
,
it
is
suggested
that
the
Cavaliers
who
came
to
Compound
would
take
the
advantage
of
the
King's
Presence
,
if
He
were
permitted
to
be
there
,
and
kindle
a
new
flame
and
War
in
the
City
.
And
that
it
might
be
thought
they
had
real
grounds
for
these
fears
,
the
Disarmed
Compounders
were
commanded
to
depart
above
twenty
miles
from
London
;
and
to
injealous
the
people
more
,
all
the
transactions
of
the
King
in
the
Irish
Pacification
were
published
,
and
amplified
with
the
malicious
Slanders
and
Comments
of
the
implacable
and
conscious
Demagogues
,
that
so
the
terrors
of
the
Vulgar
being
augmented
,
they
might
be
frighted
into
a
longer
patience
.
The
King
finding
these
men
irreconcileable
to
Peace
,
and
that
they
had
declared
against
His
Coming
,
though
without
a
Caution
,
tryes
the
Leaders
of
the
English
Army
;
but
they
proved
no
less
pertinacious
,
and
were
now
approaching
to
besiege
Oxford
.
Providence
not
leaving
any
more
Choice
,
but
only
shewing
Him
a
way
for
a
present
Escape
,
He
goes
in
a
Disguise
(
which
when
Necessity
cloathes
Royal
Persons
with
,
seems
like
an
Ominous
Cloud
before
the
Setting
of
the
Sun
,
)
to
the
Scotish
Camp
that
was
now
before
Newark
,
where
the
Ambassadour
of
the
King
of
France
,
who
was
then
in
the
Leaguer
,
had
before
covenanted
for
His
Majestie
's
Safety
and
Protection
;
and
the
Scotish
Officers
had
engaged
to
secure
both
Him
and
as
many
of
His
Party
as
should
seek
for
Shelter
with
them
,
and
to
stand
to
Him
with
their
Lives
and
Fortunes
.
[
Anno
1646.
]
The
King
being
come
thither
May
4.
made
a
great
alteration
in
affairs
;
Newark
was
surrendred
by
the
King's
Command
,
and
Sir
Thomas
Glemham
having
gallantly
defended
Oxford
till
the
besiegers
offered
honourable
Conditions
,
delivered
up
that
also
.
But
the
greatest
Change
of
Counsels
were
at
London
,
where
when
it
was
related
,
among
whom
the
King
had
sought
a
Sanctuary
,
various
and
different
Discourses
were
raised
.
Some
wondred
that
His
Majesty
had
sought
a
Refuge
there
where
the
Storm
began
,
and
how
He
could
apprehend
to
find
Relief
from
those
that
were
not
only
the
Authors
of
His
Troubles
,
but
now
the
great
Advancers
of
His
Overthrow
:
And
they
conceived
no
Promises
or
Oaths
can
be
a
sufficient
Caution
from
those
People
that
have
been
often
Persidious
.
Others
judged
that
in
those
necessities
wherein
the
King
was
concluded
,
it
was
as
dangerous
not
to
trust
as
to
be
deceived
;
no
Counsel
could
be
better
,
than
to
try
whether
a
Confidence
in
them
would
make
them
faithful
,
and
whether
they
would
then
be
honest
,
when
they
had
the
Critical
Opportunity
to
testifie
to
the
world
,
that
they
intended
not
what
they
did
,
but
what
they
said
;
That
they
fought
not
against
Him
,
but
for
Him
.
But
a
last
sort
bewailed
both
the
greatness
of
the
King's
Dangers
,
that
should
make
Him
seek
for
Safety
in
a
tempestuous
Sea
and
false
bottom
;
as
also
the
debaucheries
of
the
English
Genius
,
which
was
now
so
corrupted
,
that
their
Prince
was
driven
to
seek
an
Asylum
from
their
injuries
among
a
people
that
were
infamous
and
polluted
with
the
Blood
of
many
Kings
.
While
others
discoursed
thus
of
the
King's
journey
,
the
Parliament
heated
by
the
Independents
fiercely
declared
against
the
Scots
,
who
were
removing
the
King
to
Newcastle
,
and
used
several
methods
to
make
them
odious
and
drive
them
home
.
For
they
kept
back
their
Pay
,
that
they
might
exact
Free-Quarter
from
the
Country
;
then
they
did
extenuate
their
Services
,
derogate
from
their
famed
Valour
,
upbraid
them
as
Mercenaries
,
threaten
to
force
them
out
by
the
Sword
.
All
which
while
the
English
Presbyterians
,
though
they
wish'd
well
to
their
Brethren
,
yet
lest
they
should
seem
to
indulge
the
Insolencies
of
a
strange
Nation
,
did
not
dare
to
plead
in
their
defence
.
But
the
Scots
themselves
for
a
time
did
justifie
their
Reception
and
Preservation
of
His
Majesty
by
the
Laws
of
Nature
,
Nations
,
and
Hospitality
,
which
forbid
the
delivery
and
betraying
of
those
that
have
fled
to
any
for
Succour
.
The
Democratick
Faction
urged
that
it
was
not
lawful
for
the
Scots
,
their
Hirelings
,
and
in
their
Dominion
,
to
receive
the
King
into
their
Camp
without
the
leave
of
their
Masters
,
and
keep
Him
without
their
Consent
.
These
Debates
were
used
to
raise
the
King's
price
.
Which
when
the
Scots
were
almost
assured
of
,
to
make
their
ware
more
valuable
,
they
solicite
the
King
,
in
hopes
of
their
Defence
,
to
command
Montross
to
depart
from
his
noble
Undertakings
in
Scotland
,
where
he
had
almost
recovered
the
Overthrow
Roxbrough
and
Traquaire
had
betrayed
him
unto
,
and
was
become
formidable
again
;
as
also
the
Loyal
Marquess
of
Ormond
to
desist
from
his
gallant
Oppositions
both
of
the
Irish
Rebels
,
and
English
Forces
.
Which
when
the
King
had
done
,
being
not
willing
those
Gallant
Persons
should
longer
Hazard
their
brave
Lives
,
and
after
both
these
Excellent
Leaders
had
more
in
anger
than
fear
parted
with
their
unhappy
Arms
:
that
they
might
have
a
colour
of
betraying
Him
,
whom
the
General
Assembly
of
Scotland
(
which
useth
to
hatch
all
the
Seditions
to
the
heat
and
strength
of
a
seeming
Authority
)
had
forbid
to
be
brought
into
His
Native
and
Ancient
Kingdom
(
as
He
affectionately
call'd
it
)
they
tender
Him
the
Covenant
;
pretending
without
that
Chain
upon
Him
,
they
did
not
dare
to
lead
Him
into
Scotland
.
This
His
Majesty
refused
not
,
if
they
would
first
loose
those
Scruples
of
Church-Government
which
lay
upon
His
Conscience
:
Therefore
to
untie
those
Knots
,
Master
Henderson
,
that
was
then
the
Oracle
of
the
Kirk
,
and
the
great
Apostle
of
the
Solemn
Covenant
,
was
employed
to
converse
with
Him
.
But
the
Greatness
of
the
King's
Parts
,
and
the
Goodness
of
His
Cause
made
all
his
attempts
void
(
for
the
Papers
being
published
,
every
one
yielded
the
Victory
to
His
Majesty
)
and
unfortunate
;
for
he
returned
home
,
and
not
long
after
died
,
as
some
reported
,
of
a
Grief
contracted
from
the
sense
of
his
Injuries
to
a
Prince
whom
he
had
found
so
Excellent
.
While
these
things
were
acting
at
Newcastle
,
the
bargain
was
stroke
at
London
,
and
for
200000
l.
His
Majesty
,
stripp'd
of
those
Arms
He
had
when
He
came
among
them
,
was
delivered
up
,
as
it
were
,
to
be
scourged
and
crucified
to
some
Commissioners
from
the
Parliament
:
But
to
Honest
their
Perfidiousness
,
they
add
this
Caution
,
That
there
should
be
no
attempt
made
upon
the
King's
Person
,
but
being
entertained
at
one
of
His
own
Palaces
,
He
should
there
be
treated
with
upon
Propositions
from
both
Nations
,
which
should
speedily
be
sent
to
Him
.
But
the
Parliament
never
thought
of
sending
any
Propositions
till
He
came
under
the
Power
of
the
Army
,
who
had
malicious
Designs
upon
His
Person
.
The
Commissioners
receiving
Him
,
convey
Him
to
His
own
House
at
Holmeby
.
This
was
a
very
curious
and
stately
Building
yet
was
not
therefore
chosen
because
it
might
be
a
Majestick
Prison
;
but
because
it
was
within
Ken
of
Naseby
,
which
was
infamous
with
His
Overthrow
,
that
so
the
Neighbourhood
to
it
might
more
afflict
His
grieved
Spirit
.
To
this
unpleasingness
of
the
Place
they
added
other
discomforts
,
by
making
the
restraint
so
strict
that
they
suffered
none
to
come
near
Him
,
that
by
owning
His
Cause
were
assured
of
their
Welcome
;
yea
,
even
His
Chaplains
(
which
most
troubled
Him
)
were
debarred
from
their
Ministery
.
But
God
supplyed
this
Want
by
more
plentiful
Assistances
of
His
Holy
Spirit
,
and
made
Him
,
like
the
Ancient
Patriarchs
,
both
a
King
and
a
Priest
(
at
least
for
Himself
:
)
and
here
He
sacrificed
Praises
even
to
that
God
that
hid
himself
,
and
composed
those
most
Divine
Meditations
and
Soliloquies
that
are
in
His
Book
,
spending
that
time
in
Converse
with
Heaven
,
which
He
was
not
suffered
to
employ
with
Men
in
whom
He
delighted
.
While
the
King's
Soul
was
thus
winged
above
the
walls
of
His
Prison
and
the
Fortune
of
His
Enemies
,
they
that
had
put
an
end
to
the
War
,
yet
could
not
find
the
way
to
Peace
;
for
their
Souls
were
unequal
to
the
Victory
,
and
could
not
temper
their
Success
,
the
two
Sects
falling
to
dissension
,
and
turning
all
their
Arts
and
arms
one
against
another
.
The
Presbyterians
had
the
richer
and
more
splendid
followers
,
but
the
Independents
the
most
fierce
,
subtle
,
and
most
strongly
principled
to
Confusion
;
the
first
was
Powerful
in
the
Parliament
,
but
the
latter
in
the
Army
.
After
they
had
a
long
time
practised
on
one
another
the
very
same
Methods
they
had
acted
against
the
King
,
and
such
as
favoured
Him
in
the
Parliament
(
of
which
there
were
alwayes
some
Number
among
them
)
the
Independents
still
gained
upon
their
Opposites
,
making
the
Presbyterians
odious
,
by
Libels
composed
to
render
their
Government
Ridiculous
and
Tyrannical
,
by
putting
them
upon
all
the
most
envious
Employments
,
as
Reforming
the
Universities
,
and
Sequestring
Ministers
that
refused
to
take
the
Covenant
.
Not
contented
thus
to
deal
with
their
elder
Brethren
,
by
spoiling
them
of
their
Honour
,
they
proceeded
to
strip
them
of
the
reliques
of
their
armed
Power
,
surprising
them
in
Parliament
with
a
Vote
to
disband
all
the
Souldiers
that
were
not
in
Fairfax's
Army
:
then
the
General
turns
out
those
Commanders
of
Garrisons
that
were
any
way
inclined
to
them
.
Besides
this
,
they
either
corrupted
with
Gifts
or
frighted
some
of
the
most
busie
,
yet
obnoxious
,
Presbyterians
either
wholly
to
come
over
to
them
,
or
be
their
Instruments
in
disturbing
and
revealing
the
Counsels
of
that
Party
;
which
was
done
under
the
Scheme
of
Moderation
,
and
reconciling
the
Godly
one
to
another
.
[
Anno
1647.
]
The
Presbyterians
at
last
awakened
with
the
daily
wounds
of
their
Power
,
and
the
dishonour
of
their
Party
,
began
now
to
be
more
afraid
of
their
Stipendiaries
than
they
were
of
their
Sovereign
;
for
they
found
that
they
lost
all
that
by
the
Victory
which
they
sought
by
the
War
:
therefore
to
break
the
confidence
of
the
Independents
,
and
make
themselves
free
,
they
Vote
in
the
Parliament
,
where
they
had
most
Voices
,
That
to
ease
the
Common-wealth
of
the
Charges
in
maintaining
the
Army
,
12000
of
the
Souldiers
should
be
sent
over
to
Ireland
,
and
all
the
rest
to
be
disbanded
,
except
6000
Horse
,
2000
Dragoons
,
and
6000
Foot
,
who
should
be
disposed
in
different
and
distant
places
in
the
Nation
,
to
prevent
any
Rising
.
The
Commanders
and
Independents
soon
discovered
the
Artifice
,
that
it
was
not
to
ease
the
Nation
,
but
weaken
them
;
therefore
they
employ
the
Inferiour
Officers
(
being
persons
that
by
dissimulation
and
impudence
having
accustomed
themselves
to
much
speaking
,
did
at
last
imagine
their
Vices
were
Gifts
of
the
Holy
Ghost
,
and
so
were
fit
to
disquiet
the
minds
of
men
,
)
to
possess
the
common
Souldiers
with
a
fear
of
Disbanding
without
their
Arrears
,
or
else
to
be
sent
into
that
unquiet
Island
to
perish
with
hunger
and
cold
,
and
the
surprises
of
a
treacherous
Enemy
.
This
presently
set
the
Army
to
Mutiny
,
which
while
it
was
in
the
Beginnings
,
the
Commanders
make
semblance
of
Indignation
at
it
,
seem
very
busie
to
compose
it
;
and
Cromwell
,
to
make
the
Parliament
secure
,
calls
God
to
witness
,
that
he
was
assured
the
Army
would
at
their
first
Command
cast
their
Arms
at
their
Feet
;
and
again
solemnly
swears
,
that
he
had
rather
himself
with
his
whole
Family
should
be
consumed
than
that
the
Army
should
break
out
into
Sedition
.
Yet
in
the
mean
time
he
and
his
Creatures
in
the
Army
administer
new
fuel
to
the
flames
of
it
;
and
when
they
had
raised
their
Fury
to
such
heat
that
it
was
at
last
concocted
to
a
perfect
defection
from
all
obedience
to
the
Parliament
,
they
lay
aside
their
disguises
,
and
post
from
London
to
the
Head
Quarters
,
where
the
Synagogue
of
Agitators
was
seated
,
and
to
whom
was
committed
the
management
of
this
Conspiracy
.
This
Conventicle
was
made
up
of
two
of
the
most
unquiet
and
factious
in
every
Regiment
of
Foot
,
and
each
Troop
of
Horse
:
their
business
was
to
consult
the
Interests
of
the
whole
Army
,
and
when
they
had
moulded
their
Pretences
and
Arts
to
their
grand
Design
,
to
instruct
the
ruder
part
of
it
in
their
Clamours
and
Injuries
,
and
to
corrupt
all
the
Garrisons
by
Emissaries
to
the
same
enterprises
.
At
last
they
extended
their
Cares
to
the
whole
British
Empire
,
and
dictate
what
their
pleasures
are
concerning
England
and
Ireland
.
Which
was
in
both
Kingdoms
to
establish
the
Power
and
Liberty
of
the
People
;
for
they
openly
professed
an
intent
for
Democracie
.
And
because
about
an
hundred
Officers
in
the
Army
would
not
be
forward
in
the
Sedition
,
they
were
by
this
Committee
of
Adjutators
,
and
the
secret
intimations
of
the
Commanders
,
cashiered
.
Thus
the
Counsels
of
both
Parties
being
directed
to
overthrow
their
contrary
,
each
thought
the
Person
and
Presence
of
the
King
would
be
no
vain
advantage
to
their
Designs
,
for
they
would
Honest
their
actions
with
a
care
of
Him
:
therefore
the
Presbyterians
had
it
in
Consultation
,
to
Order
Col.
Greves
,
who
had
the
Command
of
the
Guard
about
the
King
at
Holmeby
,
to
remove
His
Majesty
to
London
;
the
Intelligence
of
which
coming
to
the
Army
by
the
treachery
of
a
certain
Lord
,
they
immediately
send
a
Body
of
Horse
to
prevent
them
,
and
to
force
Him
into
their
own
Quarters
.
Thus
was
that
Religious
Prince
made
once
more
the
mock
of
Fortune
,
and
the
sport
of
the
Factions
,
and
was
drawn
from
His
peaceful
Contemplations
,
and
Prospect
of
Heaven
,
to
behold
and
converse
with
men
set
on
Fire
of
Hell
.
These
,
to
tempt
Him
to
a
Confidence
in
their
integrity
,
(
that
they
might
the
more
easily
to
His
disgrace
ruine
Him
,
and
murder
Him
by
His
own
Concessions
,
if
He
would
be
deluded
by
them
)
highly
pretend
to
a
Compassionate
Sense
of
His
Sufferings
,
and
complain
of
the
Parliaments
Barbarous
Imprisoning
Him
in
His
own
Palaces
,
wondering
they
had
no
more
Reverence
for
Majesty
;
and
to
beget
a
belief
of
this
,
they
profess
(
which
they
would
have
to
be
conceived
with
them
was
more
sacred
than
any
Oaths
)
that
they
will
never
part
with
their
Arms
till
they
have
made
His
way
to
His
Throne
,
and
rendred
the
Condition
of
His
Party
more
tolerable
.
Besides
these
Promises
and
Compassions
,
they
permit
Him
the
Ministery
of
His
Chaplains
in
the
Worship
of
God
,
(
which
,
it
is
said
,
He
took
with
so
great
a
Joy
,
that
He
almost
believed
Himself
free
and
safe
,
it
being
His
most
heavy
burden
while
He
was
the
Parliaments
Captive
)
the
Commerce
of
Letters
with
the
Queen
,
the
Visits
of
His
own
Party
,
and
the
Service
of
His
Courtiers
;
some
of
whom
they
also
admitted
to
their
Council
of
War
,
mould
Propositions
which
they
will
urge
in
His
behalf
,
and
alter
them
to
the
King's
Gust
and
at
His
Advice
.
In
their
publick
Remonstrances
against
the
Covetousness
,
Ambition
,
Injustice
,
Cruelty
and
Self-mindedness
of
the
Parliament
,
they
do
sometimes
obliquely
,
sometimes
plainly
,
profess
,
that
the
King
,
Queen
,
and
the
Royal
Family
must
be
restored
to
all
their
Rights
,
or
else
no
hope
of
a
solid
Peace
;
but
then
they
would
intermix
such
Conditions
as
argued
they
sought
Reserves
for
a
perfidious
escape
.
For
Cromwell
did
among
his
Confidents
boast
of
his
fine
Arts
,
and
that
by
these
Indulgences
was
intended
nothing
but
His
Destruction
.
By
all
these
Impostures
they
prevailed
nothing
upon
the
Hopes
or
Fears
of
the
King
;
nor
did
He
commit
any
thing
unworthy
His
former
Fortune
,
and
the
Greatness
of
His
Integrity
and
Wisdom
,
or
which
any
of
the
Disagreeing
Factions
could
use
to
His
reproach
.
But
they
found
another
kind
of
Success
upon
the
Parliament
,
for
they
sacrificed
to
the
Commands
of
their
Stipendiaries
eleven
Members
of
the
House
of
Commons
,
and
seven
of
the
Peers
,
causing
them
to
forbear
sitting
among
them
,
because
they
had
been
accused
by
the
Army
in
a
very
frivolous
Charge
.
All
men
wondering
at
the
inequality
of
those
mens
Spirits
,
who
had
so
furiously
rejected
the
Articles
of
their
lawfull
Sovereign
against
five
or
six
of
their
Body
,
and
yet
did
now
so
tamely
yield
to
the
slight
Cavils
and
dislike
of
their
Mercenaries
above
thrice
that
Number
.
They
therefore
concluded
,
that
neither
Religion
,
Justice
,
or
the
Love
of
Liberty
,
which
are
alwayes
uniform
,
but
unworthy
Interests
and
corrupt
Souls
,
which
vary
with
fears
and
hopes
,
had
been
the
Principles
and
first
Movers
of
their
attempts
.
Besides
this
,
they
were
so
prone
to
Slavery
,
that
they
had
gone
on
to
Vote
all
the
lusts
of
the
Army
,
had
not
a
Tumult
(
their
Arts
being
now
turned
upon
their
own
heads
,
)
from
London
stopp'd
them
in
their
violent
speed
,
and
kept
the
Speaker
in
his
Chair
till
they
had
voted
more
generously
,
that
it
was
neither
for
their
Honour
nor
Interest
to
satisfie
the
demands
of
the
Souldiers
;
and
that
the
King
should
come
to
London
to
treat
.
These
contrary
desires
of
the
divided
Faction
,
which
had
joyntly
oppressed
their
Sovereign
,
shewed
,
that
Ill
men
will
more
easily
conspire
together
in
War
,
than
consent
in
Peace
;
and
that
Combinations
in
Crimes
will
conclude
in
Jealousies
,
each
Party
thinking
the
advantages
of
the
other
too
great
;
and
that
Power
is
never
thought
faithfull
which
is
accounted
excessive
.
Therefore
both
prepare
for
War
.
With
the
140
Members
that
sate
in
Parliament
were
joyned
the
City
,
and
the
cashiered
Souldiers
and
Officers
that
had
served
in
their
pay
.
With
the
Army
were
the
Speakers
of
both
Houses
;
who
had
fled
to
them
with
about
fifty
of
their
Members
that
projected
the
Change
of
Government
,
being
either
for
an
Oligarchy
or
Democracie
,
yet
left
some
of
the
same
judgement
behind
,
to
betray
and
disturb
the
Counsels
at
London
.
To
these
did
adhere
the
Neighbouring
Counties
,
who
were
cajoled
by
the
splendid
Promises
of
the
Army
,
of
Restoring
the
King
,
(
which
they
much
boasted
)
Dissolving
the
Parliament
,
and
Establishing
Peace
and
Government
:
and
they
more
willingly
credited
these
,
because
they
had
conceived
an
hatred
of
the
Parliament
and
City
both
for
beginning
the
War
,
and
now
obstructing
Peace
.
The
Army
intitle
their
attempts
for
King
and
People
:
Their
Adversaries
,
for
bringing
the
King
to
His
Parliament
.
The
Commanders
were
greedy
of
that
War
which
promised
an
easie
Victory
,
and
made
the
poor
Souldiers
hope
for
the
Plunder
of
the
City
.
For
the
advantage
was
clear
on
the
Army's
side
,
which
consisted
of
veterane
Souldiers
,
united
among
themselves
by
a
long
Converse
,
and
known
Commanders
:
but
the
force
of
the
other
was
made
up
of
a
tumultuary
Multitude
,
gathered
under
new
Leaders
,
and
so
had
no
mutual
confidence
;
their
meetings
were
full
of
doubts
and
fears
,
none
could
determine
in
private
,
nor
in
publick
Consult
,
because
they
dared
not
trust
one
another
;
and
it
was
observed
that
those
who
were
most
treacherous
talk'd
most
boldly
against
the
Enemy
.
Therefore
in
the
very
beginnings
the
Parliament
and
City
desert
their
Enterprise
,
Treat
with
,
and
open
their
Gates
to
the
Army
,
who
march
in
Triumph
through
London
,
bringing
the
Speakers
and
their
Fellow-Travellers
to
their
Chairs
,
seize
upon
the
Tower
,
dismantle
the
Fortifications
,
pull
down
all
the
Chains
and
Posts
of
the
City
,
send
the
Lord
Mayor
and
the
Chief
Citizens
to
the
Tower
,
and
reduce
all
the
Power
of
the
Nation
in
Obedience
to
the
Commanders
.
For
Fairfax
is
made
General
of
all
the
Forces
both
in
England
and
Ireland
,
and
Rainsbrough
,
a
Leveller
,
and
a
violent
Head
of
the
Democraticks
,
High
Admiral
.
The
impeached
Presbyterians
fled
beyond
Sea
,
others
of
that
Sect
drooping
complyed
with
the
Fortune
of
the
Conquerours
;
and
that
which
grieved
good
Men
most
,
was
,
a
Publick
Thanksgiving
(
which
is
not
to
be
observed
but
for
the
happy
endeavours
of
a
Nation
in
their
vertuous
and
glorious
undertakings
for
Liberty
and
Safety
,
but
now
was
prophaned
for
our
Slavery
and
Misery
)
to
God
was
appointed
for
the
Army
,
and
they
were
entertained
now
at
a
Feast
,
whom
before
the
City
would
have
forced
from
their
Walls
.
While
these
things
were
in
Motion
,
the
King
consults
Heaven
for
Direction
,
and
his
Party
modestly
abstain
from
either
side
,
thought
both
to
be
abhorred
,
and
knew
that
Party
would
be
the
worst
which
should
overcome
.
The
Army
having
now
the
greatest
strengths
of
the
Nation
,
the
Parliament
and
City
at
their
obedience
,
make
no
mention
of
their
former
promises
to
the
King
;
only
the
Adjutators
were
fierce
for
breaking
that
Parliament
,
and
calling
another
,
as
they
call'd
it
,
more
equal
Representative
.
But
both
their
Synagogue
and
the
Council
of
War
,
being
now
delivered
from
fear
of
the
Presbyterians
,
began
to
contrive
the
destruction
both
of
the
King
and
Monarchy
.
As
for
the
King
,
whom
they
had
now
brought
to
Hampton-Court
,
some
that
had
before
contrived
His
Death
,
and
to
murder
Him
while
He
was
in
the
Scotch
Camp
,
(
so
at
once
to
satisfie
their
own
Revenge
,
and
Load
their
Enemies
with
the
Infamy
of
the
Murder
,
)
yet
could
not
then
perform
it
,
were
now
fiercefor
a
speedy
and
secret
Assassination
by
Pistol
or
Poison
.
Others
would
have
Him
tryed
and
condemned
by
their
Council
of
War
.
But
the
Chiefs
thought
fit
to
proceed
more
artisicially
in
their
Crime
,
and
when
they
should
get
more
Authority
,
destroy
Him
by
a
Parliamentary
way
of
Justice
.
To
bring
this
about
,
they
must
proceed
to
make
Him
more
odious
,
that
the
People
might
be
patient
while
they
kill
Him
,
and
undo
them
.
To
proceed
therefore
to
their
Impiety
,
Cromwell
and
his
Creatures
stickle
fiercely
in
the
House
of
Commons
,
and
cause
the
Parliament
to
send
,
not
Conditions
of
Peace
to
be
treated
on
,
but
Propositions
like
Commands
that
admitted
no
dispute
:
which
if
the
King
had
yielded
unto
,
He
had
despoiled
Himself
of
Majesty
,
and
been
thought
guilty
of
so
much
want
of
Spirit
as
would
conclude
an
unfitness
for
Empire
;
besides
,
such
a
voluntary
Diminution
would
have
been
equally
unsafe
,
as
unglorious
:
And
if
He
did
not
,
then
He
was
to
be
esteemed
the
only
Obstacle
of
the
Universal
Peace
.
And
lest
the
King
should
put
them
to
more
tedious
Arts
by
signing
them
,
they
themselves
to
divert
Him
privately
procure
more
soft
Articles
,
and
professed
to
be
sorry
the
Presbyterian
Sowreness
and
Rigour
did
yet
leaven
the
House
,
which
made
these
Propositions
so
unpleasant
.
The
King
could
not
but
perceive
the
practices
of
the
Army
,
yet
being
resolved
that
no
Dangers
whatsoever
should
make
Him
satisfie
those
unreasonable
Demands
of
the
Parliament
,
which
granted
would
have
been
the
heaviest
oppression
on
His
Subjects
,
and
the
greatest
injury
to
His
Posterity
He
could
possibly
be
guilty
of
;
For
to
good
Princes
the
Safety
of
their
People
,
and
their
own
Memory
,
which
is
built
upon
the
Happiness
of
Posterity
through
their
Counsels
,
are
more
pretious
than
Life
and
Power
;
and
although
Providence
,
and
the
Malice
of
His
Enemies
had
obstructed
His
way
to
Glory
by
Victories
and
Success
,
yet
He
would
trace
it
in
the
unenvied
and
unquestionable
paths
of
Constancy
and
Justice
:
Therefore
to
make
His
denial
of
them
advantageous
to
Himself
,
by
a
seeming
confidence
in
the
Army's
profers
,
thereby
to
oblige
,
if
it
were
possible
,
those
that
had
no
sense
either
of
Faith
or
Honour
,
or
at
least
,
to
injealous
those
two
Rivals
for
His
Power
,
and
commit
them
,
the
King
absolutely
rejects
the
Parliaments
Propositions
,
and
requires
the
Demands
of
the
Army
as
more
equal
,
and
fit
for
a
Personal
Treaty
,
and
that
the
Army
also
should
nominate
Commissioners
.
Cromwell
and
His
Complices
seemed
to
be
joyful
for
this
Answer
of
His
Majesty
,
which
had
preferred
them
before
their
Competitors
to
the
Honour
of
Justice
and
Moderation
in
the
Eyes
of
the
People
;
but
yet
secretly
did
they
exasperate
the
minds
of
the
more
short-sighted
Commons
against
the
King
for
this
Affront
.
And
to
the
King
they
profess
a
shame
and
trouble
upon
their
Spirits
(
for
so
they
loved
to
speak
)
that
they
could
not
now
perform
their
Promises
:
sometimes
they
excused
themselves
by
a
Reverence
to
the
Parliament
,
at
other
times
by
the
fierceness
of
the
Adjutators
;
and
when
by
these
excuses
they
had
coloured
their
delayes
to
some
length
,
they
began
to
interpret
their
sayings
otherwise
than
the
King
apprehended
them
,
to
forget
what
they
had
assured
Him
of
,
and
at
last
openly
to
refuse
any
performance
.
To
all
these
Perfidies
they
add
other
Frauds
,
to
beget
a
fear
in
Him
of
the
Adjutators
and
the
Levellers
,
who
they
informed
Him
meditated
His
Murder
,
professed
they
could
not
for
the
present
moderate
their
bloody
and
impetuous
Consultations
,
but
when
they
should
recover
the
lost
Discipline
of
their
Army
,
then
they
might
easily
and
speedily
satisfie
their
engagements
to
Him
.
To
give
credit
to
their
words
,
the
Fury
of
the
Adjutators
was
blown
to
a
more
conspicuous
Flame
,
their
Papers
were
published
for
a
change
of
Government
,
call'd
The
Case
of
the
Army
,
and
,
The
Agreement
of
the
People
;
the
animations
of
Peters
,
and
another
of
the
same
Diabolical
spirit
,
saying
,
His
Majesty
was
but
a
dead
Dog
,
were
divulged
,
and
all
were
communicated
to
some
Attendants
about
the
King
,
with
an
Advice
from
the
Chiefs
of
the
Army
to
escape
for
His
Life
:
for
they
were
unwilling
He
should
be
killed
while
they
helplesly
look'd
on
.
The
fury
and
threatnings
of
men
of
such
destructive
and
bloody
Principles
,
who
accounted
all
things
lawfull
that
they
could
do
,
that
Providence
administring
Opportunity
did
invite
and
licence
their
impieties
,
and
who
imputed
all
their
lusts
,
that
had
no
colour
from
Justice
,
to
the
Perswasions
of
the
Holy
Spirit
,
were
not
to
be
despised
;
nor
was
the
King
to
abandon
His
Life
,
if
He
could
without
sin
preserve
it
to
a
longer
waiting
upon
God
.
Therefore
with
three
of
His
most
trusted
Attendants
,
in
the
dark
,
tempestuous
and
ominous
night
of
Novem.
11.
He
leaves
Hampton-Court
,
some
say
,
uncertain
where
to
seek
safety
;
others
,
that
He
intended
to
take
Ship
,
but
being
disappointed
in
His
Expectation
,
He
was
at
last
fatally
led
into
the
Power
,
and
,
when
He
could
not
escape
,
committed
Himself
to
the
Loyalty
and
Honour
of
Col.
Hammond
,
(
a
Confident
of
Cromwell's
,
who
had
been
but
a
little
before
made
Governour
of
the
Isle
of
Wight
for
this
very
purpose
,
)
and
was
by
him
conveyed
to
Carisbrook-Castle
,
the
very
Pit
His
Enemies
had
designed
for
Him
.
For
it
was
discoursed
in
the
Army
above
a
fortnight
before
,
that
the
King
e're
long
would
be
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
:
and
the
very
night
He
departed
from
Hampton-Court
,
the
Centinels
were
withdrawn
from
their
usual
Posts
,
on
purpose
to
facilitate
His
flight
.
The
all-wise
God
not
permitting
Him
to
fly
from
those
greater
Trials
,
and
more
Glorious
Acts
of
Patience
He
had
designed
for
Him
.
Being
here
in
this
false
Harbour
,
He
minds
that
business
which
lay
most
on
His
Heart
,
the
Settlement
of
the
Nation
;
He
sends
Concessions
to
the
Parliament
more
benign
and
easie
than
they
could
desire
or
hope
,
together
with
His
Reasons
why
He
could
not
assent
to
their
Demands
;
and
earnestly
solicites
them
to
pity
the
Languishing
Kingdom
,
and
come
to
a
Personal
Treaty
with
Him
,
on
His
Concessions
and
the
Army's
Demands
.
But
the
Conspirators
,
to
cut
off
all
hopes
of
a
Treaty
,
take
this
Occasion
to
send
four
Preliminary
Articles
,
which
if
He
would
pass
as
Acts
,
they
would
treat
of
the
rest
.
These
were
so
unjust
,
that
the
Scotch
Commissioners
in
the
Name
of
their
Kingdom
declare
against
them
in
publick
Writings
,
and
following
the
Messengers
of
Parliament
to
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
do
in
the
presence
of
His
Majesty
protest
against
them
as
contrary
to
the
Religion
,
the
Crown
,
and
Accords
of
both
Kingdoms
.
The
King
,
according
to
His
wonted
Wisdom
and
Greatness
of
Mind
,
presently
returns
them
an
Answer
,
to
shew
the
Injustice
of
having
Him
grant
the
chief
things
before
the
Treaty
,
which
should
be
the
Subject
of
it
,
and
to
give
them
such
an
Arbitrary
Power
,
to
the
ruine
of
all
the
People
.
This
Answer
He
delivered
sealed
to
their
Messengers
,
who
desired
that
they
might
hear
it
read
,
and
that
they
might
be
dealt
with
as
Commissioners
,
not
as
bare
Carriers
(
a
greater
trust
than
which
their
Masters
had
not
committed
unto
them
)
and
promise
upon
their
Honour
that
it
should
not
be
any
prejudice
to
Him
.
But
His
Majesty
had
no
sooner
read
it
,
than
they
finding
it
not
to
the
Gust
of
those
that
sent
them
,
notwithstanding
the
Faith
they
had
given
,
cause
their
Just
Sovereign
to
be
kept
close
Prisoner
,
force
away
His
Chaplains
,
Dr.
Sheldon
,
now
Lord
Bishop
of
London
,
and
Dr.
Hammond
,
both
which
He
highly
valued
for
their
Integrity
,
Wisdom
,
Piety
and
Learning
,
and
His
other
Servants
,
even
those
whom
the
Parliament
had
placed
formerly
about
Him
,
and
in
whom
His
Goodness
had
wrought
both
an
Affection
and
Admiration
of
Him
,
and
permit
none
about
Him
but
such
as
they
hoped
would
be
a
Watch
upon
Him
,
and
whose
barbarous
Souls
might
trample
on
His
Fortune
.
Besides
they
set
strict
Guards
at
His
Doors
and
Windows
,
lest
any
Letters
might
come
to
Him
,
or
be
sent
from
Him
.
The
like
reception
His
Letter
found
with
the
Parliament
.
For
Cromwell
and
His
Officers
were
resolved
to
go
on
with
their
Design
,
and
having
so
long
used
the
Adjutators
,
as
served
to
frighten
the
King
into
the
Toils
they
had
set
,
they
soon
quiet
them
,
(
which
was
not
difficult
,
being
a
Company
of
hot-headed
fellows
,
that
could
only
talk
,
not
form
a
Counsel
or
a
Party
,
to
endure
a
Storm
,
)
by
executing
some
of
their
most
pertinacious
Leaders
;
and
being
free
of
that
care
,
applyed
their
practices
wholly
to
the
Destruction
of
His
Majesty
.
To
this
purpose
they
mould
the
Four
Votes
for
No
Addresses
to
the
King
;
but
before
they
bring
them
into
Publick
,
they
send
into
their
several
Counties
about
forty
or
fifty
of
the
principal
Members
,
who
they
thought
would
oppose
them
,
to
raise
Money
for
the
Souldiers
.
Nevertheless
the
first
of
those
Votes
was
contested
against
so
strongly
,
that
the
Debates
lasted
from
ten
of
the
Clock
in
the
Morning
till
seven
in
the
Evening
;
and
though
they
thus
wearied
the
more
Honest
Party
,
yet
could
it
not
pass
till
the
Conspirators
had
engaged
that
no
worse
thing
should
be
done
to
the
King
.
The
remaining
Votes
were
dispatched
in
half
an
hours
time
,
when
those
of
the
more
sober
Principles
were
gone
forth
to
refresh
themselves
,
and
the
Conspirators
still
kept
their
Seats
.
The
House
of
Peers
were
not
so
hasty
in
them
as
the
Commons
had
been
,
and
their
Debates
vexed
the
Conspirators
with
Delayes
,
till
those
who
were
sent
by
the
Army
to
thank
the
Lower
House
for
their
Consent
to
these
Desires
of
the
Souldiers
,
did
also
threaten
the
Upper
for
their
long
Deliberations
:
some
new
Terrors
were
also
added
,
for
they
quartered
two
of
their
Regiments
at
White-Hall
,
under
colour
of
guarding
the
Parliament
,
but
in
truth
to
work
upon
the
Lords
;
which
had
its
effect
,
for
many
that
had
the
most
Honourable
thoughts
in
this
business
,
forsook
the
Parliament
,
and
then
three
or
four
(
which
often
was
the
fullest
Number
about
those
times
in
that
Honse
,
)
joyn
with
the
Commons
in
their
Votes
for
no
Addresses
.
This
prodigious
Persidiousness
in
Parliament
and
Army
,
both
which
had
so
frequently
declared
and
ingaged
themselves
by
Oaths
and
Promises
to
preserve
the
King
in
His
Just
Rights
,
fill'd
all
men
with
amazement
and
indignation
,
to
see
how
little
they
valued
their
Faith
,
who
pretended
so
high
to
Religion
;
therefore
each
of
them
were
put
to
satisfie
the
Common
Fame
.
Cromwell
to
some
would
have
cover'd
this
Impiety
with
another
,
that
as
He
was
praying
for
a
blessing
from
God
on
his
undertakings
,
to
restore
the
King
to
his
pristine
Majesty
,
his
tongue
cleaved
to
the
roof
of
his
mouth
,
that
he
could
not
speak
one
word
more
;
which
he
took
as
a
return
of
Prayer
,
and
that
God
had
rejected
Him
from
being
King
.
To
others
he
did
impudently
assert
,
That
it
was
lawfull
to
circumvent
a
wicked
man
with
deceit
and
frauds
.
The
Conspirators
in
the
Parliament
strove
to
honest
their
Proceedings
by
a
Declaration
,
and
assign
in
it
for
Causes
of
their
Perjuries
,
all
the
Calumnies
that
had
been
raised
against
the
King
by
His
most
professed
Enemies
,
or
from
those
uncertain
Rumours
which
themselves
had
invented
,
adding
and
repeating
others
which
had
even
in
the
Parliament
House
been
condemned
as
Forgeries
,
(
yet
now
were
used
as
necessary
Veils
for
a
more
execrable
Falshood
.
)
Which
infamous
Libel
they
cause
to
be
sent
to
all
the
Parishes
of
the
Kingdom
,
to
be
divulged
,
supposing
that
none
did
dare
to
refute
their
black
and
most
malicious
Slanders
,
or
that
none
could
publickly
do
it
,
because
they
set
strict
Watches
upon
all
the
Printing-Presses
.
They
likewise
Commanded
the
Curates
to
read
it
in
their
several
Churches
,
and
commend
it
to
the
People
.
And
that
these
might
the
more
readily
observe
their
Orders
,
they
at
the
same
time
strictly
enjoyn
the
payment
of
Tithes
,
and
Vote
that
the
Dean
and
Chapiter's
Lands
(
which
they
had
designed
for
profane
Uses
,
and
never
intended
they
should
be
for
the
Emolument
of
Church-men
)
should
be
set
apart
for
Augmentations
for
their
Preachers
,
pretending
a
fervent
zeal
for
the
propagation
of
the
Gospel
,
when
they
did
most
dishonour
it
.
By
their
Agents
,
and
the
Anabaptists
,
with
other
Hereticks
and
Schismaticks
,
they
solicite
the
unacquainted
Rabble
to
sign
to
Gratulatory
Addresses
to
approve
what
they
had
already
done
,
and
petition
for
a
speedy
progress
in
the
Ruine
of
His
Majesty
.
But
all
these
their
cursed
Projects
failed
,
for
several
Answers
to
their
Defamations
were
published
,
One
writ
by
the
King
Himself
,
another
by
[
*
](A54415-e26560-b)
*
A
full
Answer
.
Sir
Edward
Hyde
,
and
a
third
by
[
*
](A54415-e26580-b)
*
The
Regal
Apology
.
Dr.
Bates
:
all
which
proved
the
Monstrous
Falshoods
of
their
Paper
,
and
that
the
Faction
were
guilty
of
what
they
imputed
to
the
King
;
and
this
with
such
evidence
,
that
none
of
their
most
mercenary
Writers
,
or
the
most
foul-mouthed
Conspirators
,
did
dare
or
hope
with
Success
to
reply
unto
.
The
Curates
coldly
,
if
at
all
,
observed
their
Orders
,
and
there
came
so
few
Petitions
,
and
those
signed
by
such
contemptible
and
lewd
Persons
,
as
they
rather
loaded
the
Faction
with
more
hatred
,
than
gave
them
any
credit
.
While
generally
in
every
place
none
of
the
People
could
contain
their
fury
against
these
Impostors
,
but
publickly
cursed
them
and
their
Infamous
Adherents
.
For
their
Miseries
made
them
sensible
of
the
want
of
that
Prince
whose
gentle
and
just
Rule
had
brought
them
to
such
an
inebriating
Prosperity
,
that
they
had
forgot
the
Minister
of
their
Happiness
.
But
now
they
found
Government
when
it
was
out
of
His
hand
,
like
Moses's
Rod
cast
on
the
ground
,
transformed
to
a
Serpent
;
and
that
those
who
pretended
to
free
them
from
Tyranny
had
deluded
them
into
the
most
insufferable
Slavery
:
wherein
they
were
either
totally
despoiled
of
all
things
that
render
our
Being
comfortable
,
or
they
were
not
secure
in
the
use
of
them
.
Religion
,
the
Ornament
of
the
present
,
and
the
Pledge
of
a
future
Life
,
was
so
dishonoured
by
Schisms
and
Heresies
(
fomented
to
weaken
the
People
by
Divisions
,
to
a
tameness
under
their
Oppressors
)
by
Fasts
for
the
most
impious
Designs
,
and
Thanksgivings
for
prosperous
Crimes
;
that
some
men
concluded
it
to
be
nothing
else
but
the
Invention
of
Tyrants
,
and
the
Disguise
of
Villains
,
and
therefore
did
forsake
it
,
and
turn
Atheists
.
Others
that
did
still
find
the
Inward
Consolations
of
it
,
yet
feared
openly
to
profess
it
,
lest
they
should
be
taken
for
those
that
pretended
a
Love
to
God
,
that
they
might
more
securely
destroy
men
.
Liberty
also
was
now
but
an
empty
name
:
for
all
the
Common
Prisons
were
too
narrow
to
receive
even
those
that
did
not
dare
to
break
the
Laws
;
so
that
the
Houses
of
Noble-men
were
converted
to
Gaols
,
for
those
that
were
unfortunate
in
honest
enterprises
;
where
they
were
to
languish
with
want
and
sickness
,
and
not
be
called
to
know
their
Offence
or
their
Accusers
,
because
they
had
not
guilt
enough
for
a
publick
Condemnation
.
Some
were
put
a
Ship-board
in
the
midst
of
Summer
,
there
to
contract
Diseases
:
Others
were
sold
Slaves
to
foreign
Plantations
.
Many
to
escape
such
nasty
Confinements
,
or
an
ignominious
Torture
,
fled
from
their
Native
Soil
either
to
the
Neighbouring
Countries
,
where
they
were
the
Evidences
of
the
Infamy
and
Barbarousness
of
our
Nation
;
or
seeking
for
Shelter
in
the
Isles
and
Deserts
of
America
,
polluted
those
Rocks
and
Seas
with
English
Blood
.
Propriety
was
no
longer
hedged
up
by
Law
;
but
whom
the
Violence
of
the
Souldier
did
not
impoverish
,
the
frauds
of
Committee
men
would
,
from
whose
Rapines
none
were
secure
that
had
not
been
as
criminal
as
themselves
,
and
few
safe
that
did
not
seek
their
favour
,
and
bow
down
to
their
Greatness
:
These
men
taking
advantage
of
the
common
evils
,
to
satisfie
either
their
private
revenge
,
or
lusts
:
for
their
Proceedings
were
not
regulated
by
the
known
Laws
;
but
the
secret
Instructions
of
their
Masters
in
Parliament
and
Army
,
or
their
own
Pleasures
,
were
the
Rules
of
administring
Justice
.
An
honest
Fame
likewise
was
a
Mark
for
Ruine
:
for
if
any
by
just
Arts
had
got
the
Esteem
of
the
People
and
the
Affections
of
His
Neighbourhood
,
and
did
not
comply
with
their
Interest
,
first
he
was
vexed
with
Slanders
and
Reproaches
,
and
afterwards
with
Sequestration
;
especially
if
he
were
a
Minister
:
and
it
was
their
common
Principle
,
that
an
Honest
Cavalier
was
the
worst
Enemy
,
and
a
Cavalier
Saint
did
the
most
hurt
;
so
that
both
their
Vices
and
Vertues
were
equally
hated
.
Common
Converse
was
dangerous
;
for
they
had
Informers
in
every
place
,
and
Spies
almost
in
every
Family
of
Note
:
Servants
were
corrupted
to
accuse
their
Masters
,
and
the
Differences
in
Religion
did
injealous
and
arm
the
nearest
Relations
one
against
another
:
Men
out
of
a
mutual
distrust
would
hasten
from
Company
,
to
consult
in
private
their
peculiar
Safety
,
for
they
knew
their
Words
were
observed
,
and
their
Secrets
sought
after
.
Few
Families
but
had
by
the
Civil
War
some
loss
to
bewail
;
some
mourned
over
their
disagreeing
Members
in
different
Camps
,
and
had
cause
to
fear
which
side
soever
prospered
they
must
be
miserable
in
some
part
.
These
and
many
more
Miseries
were
more
highly
embittered
by
the
uncertainty
of
a
Remedy
:
For
the
Parliament
,
that
had
the
name
of
Government
,
were
guilty
of
all
these
Reproaches
of
a
Community
,
being
Slaves
to
those
whose
interest
it
was
to
keep
us
thus
miserable
;
and
if
at
any
time
they
were
free
from
the
yoke
of
the
Army
,
the
two
Sects
kept
them
so
divided
,
each
Party
labouring
by
Votes
and
Counsels
to
circumvent
the
other
,
that
they
could
not
mind
the
Universal
Benefit
.
Besides
the
Power
they
exercised
was
too
much
to
be
well
used
,
for
they
engrossed
the
Legislative
Authority
,
and
the
Exercise
of
Jurisdiction
.
So
that
they
would
make
Laws
according
to
their
Interest
,
and
execute
them
according
to
their
Lust
;
this
day's
Vote
should
contradict
the
former
day's
Order
,
and
to
morrow
we
must
violate
what
to
day
we
solemnly
swore
to
observe
:
so
that
men
knew
not
what
to
obey
,
nor
where
to
rest
.
Thus
all
hopes
of
Liberty
and
Peace
were
lost
in
the
Confinement
of
the
King
,
who
only
was
found
able
and
willing
to
determine
our
Miseries
.
For
His
Principles
were
Uniform
,
and
His
Endeavours
for
a
Settlement
constant
;
besides
His
Adversities
had
illustrated
,
if
not
calcined
,
His
Endowments
.
For
now
when
He
had
no
Friends
,
Counsellors
,
or
Secretaries
,
His
Discourses
with
Commissioners
upon
their
several
Addresses
,
and
His
Declarations
of
His
own
Injuries
,
the
Nations
Slavery
,
the
Injustice
of
His
and
their
Adversaries
,
were
so
excellently
and
prudently
managed
,
that
they
undeceived
the
greatest
part
,
and
reconciled
many
of
His
bitter
Enemies
:
therefore
the
whole
Nation
now
panted
for
a
Return
to
the
Obedience
of
such
an
inestimable
Prince
.
These
Considerations
caused
several
attempts
for
His
Deliverance
,
some
Private
,
and
others
more
Publick
.
The
first
was
managed
by
those
Servants
whom
the
Parliament
had
placed
about
Him
;
for
these
won
by
His
Goodness
,
of
which
they
were
daily
witnesses
,
twice
plotted
His
Escape
,
and
ventured
their
Lives
for
His
Liberty
,
but
failed
in
both
designs
:
and
the
last
being
discovered
before
it
could
be
put
into
action
,
One
Rolfe
,
a
bloody
Villain
,
(
that
had
also
endeavoured
to
poison
Him
,
for
which
though
he
was
publickly
accused
,
yet
was
acquitted
by
that
Judge
whom
the
Conspirators
had
employed
to
hear
that
cause
)
waited
to
kill
Him
as
He
should
descend
from
His
Chamber
.
[
Anno
1648.
]
The
more
publick
was
that
of
the
whole
Nation
:
for
inraged
with
their
own
Oppressions
and
the
Miseries
of
their
Prince
,
men
in
most
Counties
,
even
of
those
that
had
adhered
to
the
Parliament
,
but
now
vexed
that
they
had
been
so
basely
deluded
,
draw
up
Petitions
for
a
Personal
Treaty
with
the
King
;
that
the
Armies
Arrears
being
paid
they
should
immediately
be
disbanded
;
that
Relief
should
be
sent
into
Ireland
,
and
England
quite
eased
of
the
Contribution
,
which
they
could
no
longer
bear
.
To
these
Petitions
there
were
such
innumerable
Subscriptions
,
that
the
Officers
of
the
Army
,
and
Parliament
were
mad
to
see
their
Threats
of
Sequestration
,
Imprisonment
and
Death
,
to
make
no
Impression
;
and
the
Promises
they
likewise
made
were
slighted
,
because
discredited
by
their
former
Perjuries
.
The
first
Petitioners
were
the
Essex
men
,
who
came
in
such
Numbers
as
had
not
been
seen
before
,
as
if
they
would
force
,
not
intreat
for
,
what
was
necessary
.
After
them
those
of
Surrey
,
whom
,
by
the
command
of
the
Officers
and
Parliament-men
,
the
Souldiers
assault
at
the
Parliament-Doors
,
kill
some
,
wound
more
,
and
plunder
all
:
and
for
this
brave
Exploit
upon
unarmed
Petitioners
,
they
have
the
Thanks
of
the
Commons
,
and
a
Largess
for
their
Valour
;
that
so
the
People
might
be
affrighted
from
offering
Petitions
,
which
before
the
very
same
men
had
declared
to
be
the
Birth-right
of
every
English-man
.
While
men
see
and
admire
the
Returns
of
the
Divine
Justice
,
and
the
reciprocal
motions
of
the
Popular
heat
,
that
the
very
same
Parliament
that
first
stirr'd
up
this
way
of
tumultuary
Petitions
against
the
King
,
now
complained
that
the
Honour
and
Safety
of
Parliaments
was
indangered
by
Petitious
.
But
all
their
Tyranny
upon
the
complaining
Nation
prevailed
nothing
but
to
provoke
them
to
a
higher
Indignation
and
more
frequent
Petitions
.
And
when
they
perceived
they
dealt
with
men
obstinate
to
their
own
Interests
,
which
were
not
to
be
gained
but
by
the
Publick
ruine
,
they
fly
from
Prayers
to
Arms
,
and
intitle
their
just
War
,
For
the
Liberty
of
King
and
People
.
And
in
several
places
,
as
in
Kent
,
Essex
,
Suffolk
,
Norfolk
,
Cornwall
,
York-shire
,
Wales
,
and
at
last
in
Surrey
,
multitudes
take
Arms
for
this
Righteous
Cause
.
The
Navy
also
fall
off
,
and
setting
Rainsbrough
their
levelling
Admiral
on
Shore
,
seventeen
Ships
deliver
themselves
up
to
the
Prince
of
Wales
.
The
Scots
likewise
by
an
Order
of
their
own
Parliament
send
into
England
(
to
recover
the
Liberty
and
Majesty
of
the
King
)
an
Army
under
Hamilton
.
But
all
was
in
vain
,
God
had
decreed
other
Triumphs
for
His
Majesty
,
and
to
translate
Him
to
another
Kingdom
.
For
the
English
being
but
tumultuarily
raised
,
having
no
train
of
Artillery
or
Ammunition
considerable
,
were
soon
supprest
by
a
veterane
Army
provided
with
all
necessaries
.
The
Scots
,
either
through
weakness
or
wickedness
of
their
Commanders
,
who
made
so
disorderly
a
march
that
their
Van
and
Rear
were
forty
miles
asunder
,
were
easily
worsted
by
Cromwell
,
who
surprised
their
main
Body
,
and
Hamilton
was
taken
Prisoner
.
Cromwell
follows
the
scattered
Parties
into
Scotland
,
where
they
were
likewise
assaulted
by
Argyle
,
a
domestick
Enemy
,
and
forced
to
submit
those
Arms
the
Parliament
had
put
into
their
hands
to
the
Faction
of
that
false
Earl
;
who
calls
another
Parliament
,
from
which
all
were
excluded
that
in
the
former
Voted
for
the
King's
Delivery
,
and
all
the
Orders
of
that
Convention
made
void
.
Cromwell
had
the
Publick
Thanks
,
and
the
Private
Faith
of
Argyle
to
endeavour
,
as
opportunity
permitted
,
the
extirpation
of
Monarchy
out
of
Scotland
.
The
Navy
also
deserts
the
Prince
,
being
corrupted
by
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
who
was
appointed
for
this
Service
;
and
when
he
had
ingloriously
bought
off
their
Faith
to
their
lawfull
Prince
,
himself
was
ignominiously
cashiered
by
the
Conspirators
.
These
great
disappointments
and
overthrows
of
just
Enterprises
men
variously
attributed
to
different
Causes
.
Some
to
the
Perfidiousness
,
others
to
the
Weakness
of
those
that
managed
them
;
as
also
to
the
Treachery
of
some
Presbyterians
,
who
in
hatred
to
the
Army
first
incouraged
,
and
then
in
Jealousie
of
the
Royallists
basely
deserted
them
.
For
the
Rabbies
of
the
Kirk
cursed
Hamilton
in
the
beginning
of
his
Enterprise
.
Another
sort
thought
them
unhappy
,
because
the
greatest
part
of
the
Undertakers
were
such
that
formerly
had
either
fought
against
the
King
,
or
else
had
betrayed
Him
,
and
God
would
not
now
bless
their
unexpiated
Arms.
And
some
to
the
Fate
of
the
Kingdom
,
which
God
had
decreed
to
give
over
to
numerous
and
impious
Tyrants
,
because
of
their
unthankfulness
and
impatience
under
so
Incomparable
a
Prince
.
But
while
these
things
were
managed
by
the
Army
that
were
now
at
a
distance
,
and
Cromwell's
Terrors
were
greater
in
Scotland
than
here
,
the
less
guilty
Parliament-men
seriously
considering
how
impatient
the
People
(
who
in
London
and
other
places
had
gotten
innumerable
Subscriptions
to
a
Petition
for
a
Personal
Treaty
)
now
were
of
those
Injuries
that
were
done
to
their
Sovereign
,
how
hateful
themselves
grew
,
because
they
had
betrayed
and
inslaved
their
own
Privileges
,
together
with
the
Liberties
of
the
Subject
to
an
insatiable
and
Phanatick
Army
,
and
how
an
evident
Ruine
attended
even
their
Conquests
of
Him
whom
it
was
unlawful
to
assault
,
did
at
last
(
though
too
late
)
contrary
to
the
clamours
of
their
Factious
and
Democratick
Members
,
Repeal
those
Votes
which
they
had
formerly
made
,
of
No
more
Addresses
to
the
King
.
This
being
passed
in
both
Houses
,
they
afterwards
with
a
strong
Consent
Vote
a
Treaty
with
the
King
,
in
Honour
,
Freedom
and
Safety
.
The
Factious
Party
in
the
Parliament
found
themselves
too
few
and
weak
to
oppose
this
impetuous
tendency
of
the
Two
Houses
and
the
whole
Kingdom
to
Peace
.
But
yet
they
endeavoured
to
frustrate
the
labours
of
their
more
sincere
Members
,
and
to
baffle
the
People's
just
desires
of
it
,
by
imposing
many
unequal
Conditions
,
and
obstructive
restrictions
.
For
they
procured
that
the
Treaty
should
be
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
and
not
at
London
;
that
it
should
be
by
Commissioners
,
and
not
immediately
with
the
two
Houses
,
as
was
Petitioned
.
The
Propositions
that
were
sent
to
be
Treated
were
the
same
which
had
before
been
offered
to
the
King
at
Hampton-Court
,
and
were
then
rejected
by
Him
,
and
also
condemned
by
the
Army
it self
as
too
unjust
.
The
Commissioners
were
so
streightned
in
Power
,
that
it
was
not
lawful
for
them
to
soften
any
one
of
the
Conditions
of
Peace
,
not
to
alter
the
Preface
,
or
change
the
Order
of
the
Propositions
,
nor
to
debate
a
Subsequent
till
the
Precedent
were
agreed
on
.
They
could
conclude
nothing
;
they
were
only
to
propose
the
Demands
,
urge
Reasons
for
the
Royal
Assent
,
receive
the
King's
Answer
,
and
refer
all
in
writing
to
the
Parliament
,
whose
slow
Resolves
,
and
the
delays
of
sending
were
supposed
would
consume
that
narrow
measure
of
time
which
was
appointed
to
debate
so
many
and
so
different
things
,
for
they
were
limited
to
forty
days
.
The
Commissioners
they
sent
,
were
Five
of
the
Lord's
House
and
Twelve
of
the
Commoners
,
and
with
them
some
of
their
Presbyterian
Ministers
,
who
were
to
press
importunately
for
their
Church-Government
,
to
elude
the
King's
Arguments
for
Episcopacy
,
and
only
to
impose
,
not
to
dispute
,
their
own
.
With
all
these
,
upon
so
many
several
and
different
Propositions
,
some
relating
to
the
Law
of
the
Land
,
others
to
Reason
of
State
,
and
some
to
the
practice
of
the
Apostolical
Primitive
Churches
,
the
King
was
to
deal
without
publick
assistance
.
For
though
He
was
permitted
the
Ministry
of
some
Officers
of
State
,
Counsellours
and
Divines
,
yet
were
they
but
of
private
advice
,
and
to
stand
behind
the
Curtain
;
He
only
Himself
was
to
speak
in
the
Debate
,
and
singly
to
manage
matters
of
Policy
with
their
most
exercised
Statists
,
and
the
points
of
Divinity
with
their
best-studied
Divines
.
The
Vulgar
,
to
whom
the
Arts
of
these
men
were
not
so
obvious
,
were
much
pleased
with
the
Name
of
a
Treaty
,
and
now
hoped
to
exchange
their
Servitude
under
so
many
importunate
Tyrants
,
for
the
moderate
and
easie
Government
of
one
Lawful
King
.
Others
that
had
a
clearer
insight
,
and
observed
with
what
difficulties
it
was
burthened
,
hoped
for
no
benefit
from
it
.
Because
that
if
His
Majesty
should
I
not
Consent
,
as
they
believed
He
would
not
,
then
He
would
be
the
object
of
the
popular
impatience
:
And
if
He
should
Consent
,
He
that
now
was
thought
to
be
most
injuriously
dealt
with
,
would
then
be
conceived
not
to
deserve
the
Pity
even
of
His
Friends
;
nor
could
He
gain
any
other
thing
by
His
Concessions
,
than
to
be
ruined
with
more
Dishonour
.
So
that
considering
both
the
inviolable
Integrity
of
His
Majesty
,
and
the
implacable
Malice
of
His
Enemies
,
they
despaired
of
any
happy
●●ue
.
But
beyond
the
Faith
of
these
men
,
and
the
Hopes
of
the
other
,
the
King's
incredible
Prudence
had
found
Temperaments
for
their
most
harsh
Propositions
.
And
by
a
present
Judgement
and
commanding
Eloquence
did
so
urge
His
own
,
and
refell
their
Arguments
,
that
He
forced
an
Admiration
of
Himself
,
and
,
which
was
a
Testimony
of
the
Divine
Assistance
,
drew
many
of
the
unwilling
Commissioners
to
His
own
Opinion
(
though
their
Commission
,
and
the
danger
of
their
Lives
,
necessitated
them
,
contrary
to
the
dictates
of
their
own
Consciences
,
to
prolong
the
Debates
;
)
with
a
wonderful
Lenity
proved
their
Demands
unjust
,
yet
granted
what
was
not
directly
against
His
Honour
and
Conscience
:
Thus
devesting
Himself
of
His
own
Rights
,
He
demonstrated
that
He
had
those
Affections
which
might
justly
style
Him
the
Father
of
His
Country
.
For
He
indeavoured
by
His
own
Losses
to
repair
the
damages
of
His
People
.
Yet
the
King
saw
by
the
Obstinacy
of
the
most
Powerful
of
those
He
Treated
with
,
that
they
intended
nothing
less
than
Peace
,
nor
any
thing
more
than
His
Destruction
;
which
that
it
might
be
adequate
to
their
Malice
,
they
would
have
it
accompanied
with
the
damnation
of
His
Soul
(
as
He
Himself
in
bitterness
complained
to
One
of
His
Servants
)
pressing
Him
to
do
those
things
which
they
themselves
acknowledged
sinful
,
as
the
Alienation
of
Church-Lands
.
Although
His
Majesty
was
thus
sensible
of
their
insatiable
thirst
for
His
Blood
,
yet
because
He
had
passed
His
Royal
Word
not
to
stir
out
of
that
Island
,
He
did
not
hearken
to
the
same
Servant
,
who
perswaded
Him
to
provide
for
His
Safety
by
flight
,
which
He
assured
Him
was
not
difficult
,
and
in
administring
to
which
He
offered
to
hazard
his
own
blood
.
But
the
King
alwayes
thought
His
Life
beueath
the
Honour
of
Faithfulness
,
and
would
not
give
His
Enemies
that
advantage
over
His
Fame
,
which
their
unjust
Arms
and
Frauds
had
gotten
upon
His
Person
,
chusing
rather
to
endure
whatsoever
Providence
had
allotted
for
Him
,
than
by
any
approach
to
Infamy
seek
to
protract
those
dayes
which
He
now
began
to
be
weary
of
:
For
that
life
is
no
longer
desirable
to
Just
Princes
,
which
their
People
either
cannot
or
will
not
preserve
.
And
He
thought
it
more
Eligible
to
die
by
the
Wickedness
of
Others
,
than
to
live
by
His
own
.
While
the
Treaty
thus
proceeded
,
the
Army
under
the
Command
of
the
Lord
Fairfax
and
Ireton
,
(
this
last
was
Bold
,
Subtle
,
Perfidious
and
Active
in
all
Designs
;
so
that
his
Soul
being
congenial
with
that
of
Cromwell
,
had
been
the
cause
of
an
Alliance
betwixt
them
,
for
he
had
Married
one
of
Cromwell's
Daughters
,
and
therefore
was
left
to
hover
about
the
General
as
an
evil
Genius
,
that
he
might
do
nothing
contrary
to
their
Impious
Design
,
)
drew
towards
London
,
and
quartered
within
half
a
days
march
from
the
City
;
that
if
their
Interest
did
require
,
they
might
the
more
suddenly
oppress
those
who
were
less
favourable
to
their
Enterprises
.
The
Officers
did
at
first
publickly
profess
a
great
Modesty
,
as
that
they
would
quietly
submit
to
the
Orders
of
the
Parliament
;
that
they
did
prefer
the
Common
Peace
to
their
own
private
Advantages
,
and
should
be
glad
to
be
dismissed
from
the
toyls
of
War
:
yet
in
private
practised
an
universal
Confusion
,
for
mingling
Counsels
with
their
Factious
Party
in
the
Two
Houses
,
they
set
up
again
the
Meetings
of
their
Adjutators
,
framed
among
themselves
Petitions
against
the
Treaty
,
and
to
require
that
all
Delinquents
without
difference
(
wherein
they
included
the
Person
of
the
King
)
might
be
brought
to
Tryal
;
and
by
their
Emissaries
abroad
drew
some
inconsiderable
and
ignominious
persons
,
(
by
representing
large
spoils
in
the
subversion
of
Monarchy
,
and
imaginary
advantages
by
the
change
of
Government
,
)
to
subscribe
to
them
.
When
they
thought
these
practices
had
produced
their
desired
effect
,
and
they
had
infected
most
of
the
Souldiers
in
the
several
Garrisons
,
and
that
more
Parties
of
their
Army
were
gathered
to
their
Quarters
about
London
;
Ireton
,
under
pretext
of
a
Contrast
betwixt
him
and
Fairfax
,
withdraws
himself
privately
to
Windsor
Castle
,
where
being
met
by
some
of
his
Complices
in
the
Parliament
,
they
joyntly
frame
a
Declaration
in
an
imperious
and
affected
Style
.
Wherein
in
the
name
of
the
Army
he
maliciously
declaims
against
all
Peace
with
the
King
,
and
His
Restitution
to
the
Government
:
afterwards
he
impiously
demands
that
he
may
be
dealt
with
as
the
Grand
and
Capital
Delinquent
:
with
these
he
mingles
some
things
to
terrifie
the
Parliament
,
some
to
please
the
Souldiers
,
and
others
to
raise
hopes
of
Novelty
in
the
Rabble
.
This
being
prepared
,
and
the
Treaty
now
drawing
towards
an
End
(
which
those
of
the
Faction
had
prolonged
and
disturbed
,
that
the
Army
might
have
more
time
to
gather
together
)
and
the
Commanders
having
a
perfect
Intelligence
how
all
things
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
and
in
the
Parliament
did
strongly
tend
to
an
Accommodation
,
they
thought
it
now
seasonable
to
begin
their
intended
Crime
.
Therefore
they
speedily
call
a
Council
of
War
,
at
which
met
the
Colonels
,
and
other
inferiour
Officers
,
all
men
of
Mercenary
Souls
,
Seditious
,
Covetous
,
and
so
accustomed
to
Dissimulation
,
that
they
seemed
to
be
composed
by
nature
to
frame
and
colour
Impostures
.
They
began
their
Meeting
with
Prayers
and
Fasting
,
pretending
to
inquire
and
seek
the
Will
of
God
concerning
the
Wickedness
they
had
predetermined
to
act
.
This
is
the
constant
practice
of
such
who
would
most
securely
abuse
the
Patience
of
the
People
,
while
they
commit
the
most
horrid
Crimes
.
For
not
being
able
to
honest
their
Iniquities
by
any
colour
of
Reason
,
or
any
Command
of
the
known
Will
of
God
,
they
pretend
to
a
guidance
by
Revelation
and
Returns
of
Prayer
.
This
Imposture
they
had
hitherto
successfully
used
;
and
the
credulous
Rabble
of
the
common
Souldiers
were
drawn
to
a
perswasion
,
that
God
did
counsel
all
the
Designs
of
these
armed
Saints
.
Thus
having
prefaced
their
Villany
,
Ireton
produces
his
Remonstrance
,
which
being
read
among
them
was
received
by
the
Souldiers
(
who
,
through
a
pleasure
in
blood
,
and
hopes
of
Spoil
,
are
used
to
praise
every
thing
of
their
Chiefs
,
whether
good
or
bad
,
that
tends
to
disturbance
,
and
continuance
of
War
,
)
with
as
great
an
Applause
as
if
it
had
been
an
Oracle
from
Heaven
;
and
to
make
it
the
more
terrible
,
they
styled
it
the
Remonstrance
of
the
Army
,
and
order
it
to
be
presented
to
the
Parliament
in
the
name
of
the
Army
and
People
of
England
.
When
this
Remonstrance
was
published
,
the
minds
of
men
were
variously
affected
.
Some
wondred
that
persons
of
so
abject
a
Condition
should
dare
to
endeavour
the
alteration
of
an
Ancient
Government
,
an
attempt
so
far
above
their
fortune
;
and
to
design
against
the
Person
of
their
Sovereign
,
who
by
the
Splendour
of
his
former
Majesty
,
and
by
a
continued
Descent
from
so
many
Royal
Progenitors
,
had
derived
all
that
challenges
the
Reverence
of
the
People
.
And
they
thought
the
act
so
full
of
a
manifest
Wickedness
,
that
the
Contrivers
could
not
really
intend
the
Execution
,
but
only
used
it
as
a
Mormo
to
frighten
the
King
and
Parliament
to
hearken
to
their
Pretensions
of
a
lesser
guilt
.
Others
considering
their
former
Crimes
and
Injuries
both
to
King
and
People
,
and
their
damnable
blasphemies
of
the
Almighty
God
,
did
truly
judge
that
their
preceding
Iniquities
had
now
habituated
and
temper'd
them
for
the
extremest
mischiefs
;
and
that
having
proceeded
thus
far
,
they
would
think
their
Safety
consisted
in
an
accumulation
of
their
Sins
.
Only
they
admired
that
these
men
would
discredit
their
ancient
Arts
of
pretending
to
God's
Direction
,
(
in
which
they
could
not
so
easily
by
every
Vulgar
judgement
be
deprehended
)
by
boasting
of
the
Concurrence
of
the
People
,
which
was
too
evident
a
Cheat
,
for
not
one
in
a
thousand
through
the
whole
Nation
but
did
abominate
their
practices
.
But
others
more
Speculative
knew
it
was
the
accustomed
Method
of
the
Subverters
of
a
lawfull
Magistracy
and
Invaders
of
a
Tyranny
,
first
to
seek
the
favour
of
the
Rabble
by
high
pretences
of
Liberty
and
Justice
,
and
then
to
boast
of
it
as
though
they
had
it
,
and
were
entrusted
by
the
People
to
recover
what
they
presented
to
their
hopes
and
desires
;
and
that
these
men
following
the
same
practices
would
be
the
greatest
Oppressors
of
those
whom
they
pretended
to
vindicate
.
The
Parliament
though
hitherto
they
had
been
very
obsequious
to
the
Army
,
yet
the
Members
now
meeting
in
greater
Numbers
than
usually
,
and
preferring
the
utmost
hazards
to
a
Compliance
with
this
Remonstrance
,
laid
it
aside
,
and
fell
to
debate
the
King's
Concessions
which
then
lay
before
them
.
This
free
and
stout
Carriage
of
theirs
was
much
resented
by
the
Souldiers
,
who
stormed
at
the
contempt
of
those
whose
Grandeur
depended
upon
their
Arms.
And
lest
they
should
miscarry
in
their
Chief
Design
,
and
lose
the
Sacrifice
to
their
Ambition
,
they
immediately
sent
a
Party
of
their
Army
into
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
to
secure
the
King
:
these
laying
hold
upon
Him
,
with
a
most
Insolent
Rudeness
,
not
permitting
the
delay
of
a
Breakfast
,
forced
Him
from
the
Island
into
Hurst
Castle
,
an
unwholesome
and
sordid
place
.
The
other
part
of
their
Army
they
cause
to
march
towards
London
,
with
all
the
imaginable
signs
of
terrour
,
as
if
they
went
to
sack
and
plunder
an
Enemies
Town
.
When
they
had
entred
,
they
were
quartered
in
those
Houses
of
the
King
and
Nobility
which
were
nearest
the
Parliament-House
,
hoping
by
the
greatness
and
nearness
of
the
danger
,
so
to
affright
those
Members
who
were
not
so
wicked
as
to
comply
with
them
,
that
they
should
voluntarily
withdraw
,
and
hiding
themselves
,
leave
the
possession
to
their
own
scanty
Party
.
For
then
the
Violence
would
seem
less
,
and
give
more
Authority
to
their
unjust
Decrees
.
But
the
honest
Members
were
more
in
love
with
Justice
,
and
therefore
not
terrified
with
the
Menaces
and
Clamours
of
the
Souldiers
,
but
as
inspired
with
some
unaccustomed
Courage
at
this
time
,
and
thinking
themselves
guarded
by
the
Priviledges
of
Parliament
,
with
a
greater
boldness
than
usually
they
did
upon
just
designs
,
they
appear
in
the
House
.
Where
the
Commoners
re-assuming
the
consideration
of
the
King's
Concessions
,
continued
that
Debate
till
past
Midnight
;
the
Factious
Party
,
and
the
Creatures
of
the
Army
still
raising
new
Doubts
and
Scruples
,
multiplying
Cavils
,
and
by
tedious
harangues
wasting
the
time
,
that
the
more
Just
Party
,
which
consisted
most
of
Gentlemen
of
Fortunes
,
not
accustomed
to
such
Watchings
and
Fastings
,
might
be
wearied
out
,
and
leave
them
to
their
own
Resolves
:
and
also
that
they
might
give
time
to
the
whole
Army
to
march
into
the
City
that
Night
.
Among
the
rest
,
Sir
Henry
Vane
,
(
who
was
born
to
disquiet
the
world
,
and
to
be
a
firebrand
of
Communities
,
yet
still
carrying
his
designs
of
Confusion
under
a
feigned
meekness
and
simplicity
of
the
Gospel
)
This
Man
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
had
perswaded
the
King
not
to
be
prodigal
in
His
Concessions
;
that
He
had
already
yielded
more
than
was
fit
for
them
to
ask
,
or
Him
to
grant
,
and
undertook
to
make
it
evident
to
the
whole
world
:
yet
now
did
most
fiercely
and
perfidiously
inveigh
against
the
Concessions
,
as
designed
by
the
King
under
the
species
of
Peace
to
ruine
the
Parliament
and
Common-wealth
.
Yet
at
last
,
notwithstanding
those
Terrours
without
,
and
Troubles
within
,
the
House
came
to
this
Resolve
,
that
The
Kings
Concessions
were
a
sufficient
ground
for
Peace
.
Which
was
carried
by
Two
Hundred
Voices
,
and
there
were
searce
Sixty
Dissenters
.
The
next
day
the
same
Resolve
was
passed
by
the
Lords
in
the
very
same
terms
,
not
one
dissenting
.
Who
immediately
adjourned
for
a
week
,
to
wait
whether
this
fury
of
the
Army
would
spend
it self
after
so
generous
an
opposition
.
And
the
House
of
Commons
sent
some
of
their
own
Members
to
acquaint
the
Lord
Fairfax
and
his
Officers
of
this
their
Vote
.
This
free
and
publick
detestation
of
the
Crime
,
that
was
designed
,
did
extremely
enrage
the
Projectors
of
it
,
and
the
Democratick
Party
in
the
House
mingled
Threatnings
with
their
Advices
.
For
One
of
the
Chiefs
of
the
Faction
could
not
forbear
to
assure
them
,
that
If
they
continued
in
this
their
Resolve
,
they
should
never
after
have
Liberty
of
meeting
there
again
.
Which
accordingly
was
executed
:
for
the
next
day
they
were
to
meet
there
,
the
Colonels
had
placed
a
guard
of
two
Regiments
of
Foot
and
one
of
Horse
upon
the
House
of
Commons
,
who
strictly
keeping
all
the
Avenues
thereto
,
that
none
might
enter
without
their
Licence
,
laid
hold
upon
Forty
Members
that
were
Persons
of
the
most
known
Integrity
and
highest
Resolution
;
they
denied
admission
to
One
hundred
and
fifty
more
,
and
suffered
none
to
enter
of
whose
servile
compliance
they
were
not
well
assured
.
Some
that
had
escaped
their
observation
,
and
got
into
the
House
,
by
tickets
,
as
from
Friends
or
Servants
,
they
invite
forth
;
whom
being
once
without
doors
they
violently
force
away
,
while
they
in
vain
pleaded
the
Privileges
of
Parliament
.
The
imprisoned
Members
they
vex
and
torture
with
great
Indignities
,
exposing
them
to
the
mockeries
and
insolencies
of
the
Common
Souldiers
:
although
there
were
among
them
many
that
had
before
Commanded
Armies
,
Brigades
and
Regiments
in
the
Parliament's
cause
against
the
King
;
and
others
that
had
been
most
importunate
assertors
of
their
first
injustice
to
their
Prince
.
Those
that
beheld
these
vicissitudes
wondred
,
and
acknowledged
the
just
Judgement
of
God
,
that
had
thus
visibly
and
properly
punished
the
Injustice
of
these
men
against
their
Lawful
Sovereign
,
by
the
ministry
of
their
own
more
vile
and
mercenary
Souldiers
,
and
did
thus
upbraid
them
with
the
falseness
of
their
Principles
by
which
they
acted
against
the
King
;
the
very
same
now
serving
to
honest
this
violence
that
was
committed
on
them
:
for
both
equally
pretended
to
a
Necessity
of
Reformation
,
and
Self-preservation
.
Others
were
inquisitive
for
the
faith
of
these
men
,
who
taking
up
Arms
for
the
Sacred
Privileges
of
Parliament
,
had
now
left
nothing
but
the
Walls
of
that
House
.
For
the
Number
that
would
serve
them
was
not
equal
to
the
Name
of
a
Parliament
,
being
scarce
the
eighth
part
of
that
Convention
,
and
not
much
above
Forty
in
all
,
and
those
the
reproach
of
that
Assembly
.
For
besides
those
that
were
violently
excluded
,
others
that
did
abhor
the
Conditions
of
sitting
there
withdrew
themselves
to
their
own
homes
.
And
many
of
those
who
formerly
deluded
by
their
pretensions
to
Religion
,
Justice
and
Liberty
,
had
hitherto
been
of
the
Faction
,
yet
now
awakened
by
these
clamorous
Crimes
,
sorsook
their
bloody
Confederacy
.
Yet
did
not
this
contemptible
Number
,
of
which
in
most
Votes
there
were
Twenty
Dissenters
,
blush
to
assume
the
Authority
of
managing
the
weightiest
Affairs
of
the
English
Empire
,
to
alter
and
change
the
Government
,
to
expose
His
Majesty
to
a
violent
Murder
,
and
to
overthrow
the
Ancient
Fundamental
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
.
For
being
wholly
devoted
to
the
service
of
the
Army
,
they
communicated
counsels
with
them
;
and
whatsoever
was
resolved
at
the
Council
of
War
,
pasled
into
a
Law
by
the
Votes
of
this
Infamous
Remnant
of
the
House
of
Commons
,
who
now
served
the
Souldiers
in
hopes
of
part
of
the
Spoil
,
and
a
precarious
Greatness
,
which
being
acquired
by
so
much
Wickedness
could
not
be
lasting
.
In
order
therefore
to
the
Army's
design
they
revive
those
Votes
of
No
Addresses
to
the
King
;
(
which
had
at
first
but
surreptitiously
,
and
by
base
practices
passed
,
and
had
been
afterwards
Repealed
by
a
full
House
.
)
Those
Votes
of
a
Treaty
with
the
King
,
and
of
the
Satisfactoriness
of
His
Concessions
,
with
scorn
they
rased
out
of
the
Journal-Book
.
And
then
proceeded
to
Vote
,
-
1.
That
the
People
under
God
are
the
Original
of
all
Just
Power
.
-
2.
That
the
Commons
of
England
Assembled
in
Parliament
,
being
Chosen
by
,
and
Representing
the
People
,
have
the
Supreme
Authority
of
this
Nation
.
-
3.
That
whatsoever
is
enacted
and
declared
for
Law
by
the
Commons
of
England
Assembled
in
Parliament
(
by
which
they
understood
themselves
)
hath
the
sorce
of
a
Law
.
-
4.
That
all
the
People
of
this
Nation
are
concluded
thereby
,
although
the
Consent
and
Concurrence
of
the
King
and
House
of
Peers
be
not
had
thereunto
.
-
5.
That
to
raise
Arms
against
the
People's
Representative
or
Parliament
,
and
to
make
War
upon
them
,
is
High
Treason
.
-
6.
That
the
King
Himself
took
Arms
against
the
Parliament
,
and
on
that
account
is
guilty
of
the
blood
shed
throughout
the
Civil
War
,
and
that
He
ought
to
expiate
the
crime
with
His
own
blood
.
Those
that
were
less
affected
with
the
common
Fears
and
Miseries
could
not
temper
their
mirth
and
scorn
at
such
ridiculous
Usurpers
,
that
thought
to
adjust
their
Crimes
by
their
own
Votes
;
that
in
one
breath
would
adorn
the
People
with
the
Spoils
of
Monarchy
,
and
in
the
next
rob
the
People
to
invest
themselves
.
And
(
it
is
said
that
)
even
Cromwell
(
who
intended
to
ruine
our
Liberty
,
)
was
ashamed
,
and
scorned
their
so
ready
Slavery
,
and
afterwards
did
swear
at
the
Table
of
an
Independent
Lord
,
that
he
knew
them
to
be
Rascals
,
and
he
would
so
serve
them
.
Others
of
more
melancholy
Complexions
,
considering
the
baseness
of
these
servile
Tyrants
,
and
the
humours
of
their
barbarous
Masters
the
Souldiers
,
all
whose
inhumanities
they
were
to
establish
by
a
Law
;
and
that
Power
gotten
by
Wickedness
cannot
be
used
with
the
Modesty
that
is
fit
for
Just
Magistrates
;
justly
feared
that
as
under
the
King
they
had
enjoyed
the
height
of
Liberty
,
so
under
these
men
they
were
to
be
overwhelmed
in
the
depth
of
Slavery
:
and
that
these
Votes
which
overturned
the
very
Foundation
of
our
Laws
,
could
not
be
designed
but
for
some
horrid
Impiety
,
and
our
lasting
Bondage
,
which
came
so
to
pass
.
For
in
their
next
Consultations
,
they
Constitute
a
Tribunal
to
Sentence
their
Sovereign
(
which
afterwards
they
used
as
a
Shambles
for
the
most
Loyal
and
Gallantest
of
the
Nobless
and
People
)
of
the
most
abject
Subjects
;
and
to
procure
a
Reverence
to
the
Vilest
of
men
,
they
give
it
the
specious
name
of
The
High
Court
of
Justice
.
For
which
they
appoint
One
hundred
and
fifty
Judges
(
that
the
Number
might
seem
to
represent
the
whole
Multitude
)
of
the
most
violent
and
heady
of
all
the
Faction
:
To
whom
they
give
a
Power
of
Citing
,
Hearing
,
Judging
and
Punishing
CHARLES
STVART
King
of
England
.
To
make
up
this
Number
they
had
named
six
Peers
of
the
Upper
House
,
and
the
twelve
Judges
of
the
Land
.
But
the
greatest
part
were
Officers
of
the
Army
(
who
having
confederated
against
His
Majesty
,
and
publickly
required
His
Blood
,
could
not
without
a
contempt
to
the
light
of
Reason
be
appointed
His
Judges
)
and
Members
of
the
Lower
House
,
who
were
most
violent
against
Monarchy
,
and
indeed
all
Government
wherein
themselves
had
no
share
.
The
rest
were
Persons
pick'd
out
of
the
City
of
London
and
Suburbs
thereof
,
who
they
imagined
would
be
most
obsequious
to
their
Lusts
.
Those
that
surveyed
the
List
,
and
knew
the
Men
,
deemed
them
most
unfit
for
a
Trust
of
Justice
,
and
proper
Instruments
for
any
wicked
undertaking
;
for
of
these
Judges
one
or
two
were
Coblers
,
others
Brewers
,
one
a
Goldsmith
,
and
many
of
them
Mechanicks
.
Such
among
them
as
were
descended
of
Ancient
Families
,
were
men
of
so
mean
worth
,
that
they
were
only
like
the
Statues
of
their
Ancestors
,
had
nothing
but
their
Names
to
make
them
known
unto
the
World
.
Some
of
them
were
Spend-thrifts
,
Bankrupts
,
(
such
as
could
be
neither
safe
nor
free
,
unless
the
Kingdom
were
in
Bondage
)
and
most
notorious
Adulterers
,
whose
every
Member
was
infamous
with
its
proper
Vice
;
Vain
and
Atheistical
in
their
Discourse
,
Cowardly
and
Base
in
Spirit
,
Bloody
and
Cruel
in
their
Counsels
,
and
those
Parts
that
cannot
honestly
be
named
were
most
dishonest
.
One
of
them
was
accused
of
a
Rape
;
Another
had
published
a
Book
of
Blasphemies
against
the
Trinity
of
the
Deity
.
Some
of
them
could
not
hope
to
get
impunity
for
their
Oppressions
of
the
Country
and
Expilations
of
the
publick
Treasure
,
but
by
their
Ministry
to
this
Murther
.
Others
could
not
promise
themselves
an
advancement
of
their
abject
or
declining
Fortune
but
by
this
Iniquity
.
Yet
all
these
by
the
Faction
were
inrolled
in
the
Register
of
Saints
,
though
fitter
to
stand
as
Malefactors
at
the
Bar
,
than
to
sit
upon
Seats
of
Judgement
.
And
notwithstanding
their
diligent
search
for
such
a
Number
of
men
,
who
would
not
blush
at
nor
fear
any
guilt
,
some
of
those
whom
they
had
named
,
in
abhorrency
of
the
Impiety
,
refused
to
fit
;
and
some
that
did
,
yet
met
there
in
hopes
of
disturbing
their
Counsels
.
All
this
while
the
House
of
Peers
were
not
Consulted
,
and
it
was
commonly
supposed
that
most
of
them
terrified
with
those
Preparations
against
the
King
(
the
only
defence
of
the
Nobless
against
the
Popular
Envie
)
would
absent
themselves
from
that
House
,
except
four
or
five
that
were
the
Darlings
of
the
Faction
;
and
they
deemed
the
Names
and
Compliance
of
those
sew
were
enough
to
give
credit
and
Authority
to
their
bloody
Act.
But
in
them
they
were
disappointed
also
;
for
some
of
the
Peers
did
constantly
meet
,
and
on
that
day
wherein
the
Bill
for
Tryal
of
the
King
was
carried
up
to
that
House
,
there
were
Seventeen
then
present
(
a
greater
Number
than
usual
,
)
who
all
Unanimously
(
even
the
Democratick
Lords
not
dissenting
)
did
reject
the
Bill
as
Dangerous
and
Illegal
.
This
so
highly
provoked
the
Fury
of
the
Faction
,
that
they
meditated
a
severe
revenge
,
and
for
the
present
blotted
out
those
Peers
,
whose
Names
they
had
before
put
into
their
Ordinance
,
to
make
their
Court
more
splendid
.
After
this
they
did
also
rase
out
the
names
of
the
Judges
of
the
Land
;
for
they
being
privately
Consulted
concerning
these
Proceedings
against
the
King
,
(
although
they
had
been
all
raised
to
that
Dignity
and
Trust
by
the
Faction
,
yet
)
answered
,
that
It
was
contrary
to
the
known
Laws
and
Customs
of
England
,
that
the
King
should
be
brought
to
Tryal
.
To
heal
these
two
wounds
which
the
Lords
and
Judges
had
branded
their
Cause
with
,
they
use
two
other
Artifices
to
keep
up
the
Spirits
and
Concurrence
of
their
Party
.
First
,
they
bring
from
Hert
ford
shire
a
Woman
(
some
say
a
Witch
)
who
said
,
that
God
by
a
Revelation
to
her
did
approve
of
the
Army's
Proceedings
.
Which
Message
from
Heaven
was
well
accepted
of
with
Thanks
,
as
being
very
seasonable
,
and
coming
from
an
humble
Spirit
.
A
second
was
the
Agreement
of
the
People
,
which
was
a
Module
of
a
Democratical
Politie
,
wherein
those
whose
abject
Condition
had
set
them
at
a
great
distance
from
Government
,
had
their
hopes
raised
to
a
share
of
it
,
if
they
conspired
to
remove
the
great
Obstruction
,
which
was
the
Person
and
Life
of
the
King
.
This
was
presented
to
the
House
of
Commons
by
Sir
Hardress
Waller
and
sixteen
other
Officers
,
as
a
temporary
remedy
;
for
when
they
had
perpetrated
their
Impiety
,
they
discountenanced
and
fiercely
prosecuted
those
that
endeavoured
it
.
In
considence
of
these
their
Arts
and
their
present
Power
,
notwithstanding
all
these
Publick
Abhorrencies
and
detestations
by
all
Persons
of
Honour
and
Knowledge
,
they
Enacted
their
Bill
.
And
for
President
of
this
Court
,
they
chose
one
of
the
Number
,
John
Bradshaw
;
A
person
of
an
equal
Infamy
with
his
new
employment
.
A
Monster
of
Impudence
,
and
a
most
fierce
Prosecuter
of
evil
purposes
.
Of
no
repute
among
those
of
his
own
Robe
for
any
Knowledge
in
the
Law
:
but
of
so
virulent
and
petulant
a
Language
,
that
he
knew
no
measure
of
modesty
in
Speaking
;
and
was
therefore
more
often
bribed
to
be
silent
,
than
fee'd
to
maintain
a
Client's
Cause
.
His
Vices
had
made
him
penurious
,
and
those
with
his
penury
had
seasoned
him
for
any
execrable
undertaking
.
They
also
had
a
Sollicitor
of
the
same
Metal
,
John
Cooke
,
A
needy
man
,
who
by
various
Arts
,
and
many
Crimes
had
sought
for
a
necessary
Subsistence
,
yet
still
so
poor
,
that
he
was
forced
to
seek
the
shelter
of
obscure
and
sordid
corners
to
avoid
the
Prison
.
So
that
vexed
with
a
tedious
Poverty
,
he
was
prevailed
upon
through
the
hopes
of
some
splendid
booties
to
venture
on
this
employment
,
which
at
the
first
mention
he
did
profess
to
abhor
.
These
were
their
Chief
Agents
:
other
inferiour
Ministers
they
had
equally
qualified
with
these
their
prime
Instruments
,
as
Dorislaus
a
German
Bandito
,
who
was
to
draw
up
the
Charge
;
Steele
,
another
of
their
Counsel
,
under
pretence
of
sickness
covered
his
fear
of
the
Event
,
though
he
did
not
abhor
the
wickedness
of
the
Enterprise
,
having
before
used
his
Tongue
in
a
cause
very
unjust
,
and
relating
to
this
,
the
Murther
of
Captain
Burleigh
.
The
Serjeants
,
Clerks
and
Cryer
were
so
obscure
,
that
the
world
had
never
taken
notice
of
them
,
but
by
their
subserviency
to
this
Impiety
.
These
were
the
Publick
Preparations
;
In
private
they
continually
met
to
contrive
the
Form
of
their
Proceedings
,
and
the
Matter
of
their
Accusation
.
Concerning
the
first
,
they
were
divided
in
Opinions
.
Some
would
have
the
King
first
formally
degraded
and
devested
of
all
His
Royal
habiliments
and
Ensignes
of
Majesty
,
and
then
as
a
private
person
exposed
to
Justice
.
But
this
seemed
to
require
a
longer
space
of
time
than
would
comport
with
their
project
,
which
,
as
all
horrid
acts
,
was
to
be
done
in
a
present
fury
,
lest
good
Counsels
might
gather
strength
by
their
Delay
.
Others
rejected
this
course
as
too
evidently
conforming
with
the
Popish
procedure
against
Sovereign
Princes
,
and
they
feared
to
confirm
that
common
Suspicion
,
that
they
followed
Jesuitical
Counsels
(
whose
Society
(
it
is
reported
)
upon
the
King's
offering
to
give
all
possible
Security
against
the
Corruptions
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
at
a
Council
of
theirs
did
decree
to
use
their
whole
Interest
and
Power
with
the
Faction
to
hasten
the
King's
death
.
)
Which
sober
Protestants
had
reason
enough
to
believe
,
because
all
or
most
of
the
Arguments
which
were
used
by
the
Assertors
of
this
Violence
on
His
Majesty
,
were
but
gleanings
from
Popish
Writers
.
These
Considerations
cast
the
Determination
on
their
side
who
,
designing
a
Tyrannical
Oligarchy
,
whereby
they
themselves
might
have
a
share
in
the
Government
,
would
have
the
King
proceeded
against
as
King
,
that
by
so
shedding
His
Blood
they
might
extinguish
Majesty
,
and
with
Him
murther
Monarchy
.
For
several
of
them
did
confess
,
that
indeed
He
was
guilty
of
no
Crime
more
than
that
He
was
their
King
,
and
because
the
Excellency
of
His
Parts
,
and
Eminent
Vertues
,
together
with
the
Rights
of
His
Birth
,
would
not
suffer
Him
to
be
a
private
Person
.
In
their
second
Debate
about
the
Matter
of
Accusation
,
all
willingly
embraced
the
Advice
of
Harrison
(
who
was
emulous
of
the
Power
of
Cromwell
,
and
though
now
his
Creature
,
yet
afterwards
became
the
Firebrand
and
Whirlwind
of
the
following
Times
)
to
blacken
Him
as
much
as
they
could
;
yet
found
they
not
wherewith
to
pollute
His
Name
.
For
their
old
Scandals
which
they
had
amassed
in
their
Declaration
for
no
more
Addresses
to
the
King
,
had
been
so
publickly
refuted
,
that
they
could
afford
no
colour
for
His
Murther
.
Therefore
they
formed
their
Accusation
from
that
War
to
which
they
had
necessitated
Him
.
And
their
Charge
was
,
that
He
had
levied
War
against
the
Parliament
;
that
He
had
appeared
in
Arms
in
several
places
,
and
did
there
proclaim
War
,
and
executed
it
by
killing
several
of
the
Good
People
;
for
which
they
impeached
Him
as
a
Tyrant
,
Traitor
,
Murderer
,
and
an
implacable
Common
Enemy
.
This
Charge
,
in
the
Judgement
of
Considering
men
,
argued
a
greater
guilt
in
those
that
prosecuted
it
than
in
Him
against
whom
it
was
formed
:
for
they
seemed
less
sensible
of
the
instability
and
infirmities
of
humane
Nature
,
than
those
that
had
none
but
her
light
to
make
them
generous
,
for
such
never
reproached
their
conquered
Enemies
with
their
Victory
;
but
these
men
would
murther
their
own
Prince
,
against
whom
they
had
nothing
more
to
object
than
the
unhappy
issues
of
a
War
,
which
leaves
the
Conquered
the
only
Criminal
,
while
the
names
of
Justice
and
Goodness
are
the
spoils
of
the
Conquerour
.
How
false
those
Imputations
of
Tyranny
,
Treason
and
Murther
were
,
was
sufficiently
understood
by
those
who
considered
the
peaceful
part
of
the
King's
Reign
;
wherein
it
was
judged
,
that
if
in
any
thing
He
had
declined
from
the
safest
Arts
of
Empire
,
it
was
in
the
neglect
of
a
just
Severity
on
Seditious
persons
whom
the
Laws
had
condemned
to
die
.
And
in
the
War
it
was
known
how
often
His
Lenity
had
clipped
the
wings
of
Victory
.
But
it
appeared
that
these
men
,
as
they
had
broken
all
Rights
of
Peace
,
so
they
would
also
those
of
Conquest
,
and
destroy
that
which
their
Arms
pretended
to
save
.
How
little
credit
their
Accusation
found
appeared
by
the
endeavours
of
all
Parties
to
preserve
the
King's
Person
from
Danger
,
and
the
Nation
from
the
guilt
of
His
Blood
.
For
while
they
were
thus
engaged
to
perpetrate
their
intended
Mischiefs
,
all
Parties
declare
against
it
.
The
Presbyterian
Ministers
,
almost
all
those
of
London
,
and
very
many
out
of
the
several
Counties
,
and
some
,
though
few
,
also
of
the
Independents
,
did
in
th●●●
Sermons
and
Conferences
,
as
also
by
Monitory
Letters
,
Petitions
,
Protestations
and
Remonstrances
,
publickly
divulged
,
adjure
the
Assassinates
not
to
draw
so
great
a
guilt
upon
themselves
and
the
whole
Nation
by
that
Murther
.
For
it
was
contrary
to
those
numerous
and
fearful
Obligations
of
their
many
Oaths
;
to
the
Publick
and
Private
Faith
,
which
was
exprest
in
their
Protestations
and
many
Declarations
;
to
the
Laws
of
the
Land
,
those
of
Nature
,
and
Nations
,
and
the
Commands
of
Scripture
.
That
is
was
to
the
dishonour
of
our
Religion
,
and
against
the
publick
good
of
the
Kingdom
.
But
all
was
fruitless
,
for
they
had
lost
their
Ministerial
Authority
by
serving
the
Faction
so
long
,
till
they
needed
not
their
Assistance
,
and
despised
their
admonitions
:
Besides
,
the
very
same
Principles
they
preached
to
kindle
the
War
were
now
beat
back
into
their
faces
,
and
made
use
of
against
them
to
adjust
the
Murther
.
The
People
also
contemned
them
for
their
short-sightedness
,
in
that
they
would
be
the
heady
and
indiscreet
Instruments
of
such
men
,
and
in
such
practices
as
must
of
necessity
at
last
ruine
them
and
all
Ministers
,
as
well
as
the
King
and
Bishops
.
The
Scots
also
by
their
Commissioners
declare
and
protest
against
it
.
The
States
of
Holland
by
their
Ambassadors
(
if
they
were
faithfull
in
their
trust
)
did
intercede
,
and
deprecate
it
as
most
destructive
to
the
Protestant
Interest
.
Some
of
the
most
eminent
of
the
Nobility
,
as
the
Earl
of
Southampton
,
the
Duke
of
Richmond
,
the
Marquess
of
Hertford
,
the
Earl
of
Lindsey
,
and
others
,
neglect
no
wayes
,
either
by
Prayers
or
Ransom
,
to
save
the
King
.
Yea
,
they
offered
themselves
,
as
being
the
prime
Ministers
of
the
King's
Commands
,
as
Hostages
for
Him
,
and
if
the
Conspirators
must
needs
be
fed
with
blood
,
to
suffer
in
His
stead
for
whatsoever
He
had
done
amiss
.
The
Prince
piously
assaies
all
wayes
and
means
to
deliver
His
Father
from
the
danger
.
For
besides
the
States
Ambassadours
(
whom
He
had
procured
)
both
He
and
the
Prince
of
Orange
did
daily
send
as
Agents
the
Kindred
,
Relations
,
and
Allies
of
Cromwell
,
Ireton
,
and
the
other
Conspirators
,
with
full
power
to
propose
any
Conditions
,
make
any
Promises
,
and
use
all
Threatnings
to
divert
them
,
if
it
were
possible
,
from
their
intended
Cruelty
,
or
at
least
to
gain
some
time
before
the
Execution
.
But
all
was
in
vain
,
for
no
Conditions
of
Peace
could
please
them
who
were
possessed
with
unlawful
and
immoderate
desires
:
their
Ambition
(
that
is
more
impetuous
than
all
other
affections
)
had
swallowed
the
hopes
of
Empire
;
therefore
they
would
remove
the
King
to
enthrone
themselves
.
Some
thought
that
their
despair
of
Pardon
had
hardened
them
to
a
greater
Inhumanity
,
for
if
after
all
these
attempts
they
continued
the
King's
Life
,
they
must
beg
their
own
;
which
they
knew
Justice
would
not
,
and
they
resolved
Mercy
should
not
give
;
for
this
is
reckoned
among
the
benefits
which
we
hate
to
receive
,
and
Men
are
usually
ashamed
to
confess
they
deserved
death
.
Whatsoever
it
was
that
truly
made
them
thus
cruel
,
they
publickly
pretended
no
other
Motive
than
the
Calls
and
Ducts
of
Providence
,
and
the
Impulses
of
the
Blessed
Sp●●●●
To
carry
on
this
Cheat
,
Hugh
Peters
(
the
Pulpit-Buffoon
,
of
a
luxuriant
Speech
,
skill'd
●o
move
the
Rabble
by
mimical
Gest●●●●
)
Impudent
,
and
Prodigal
of
his
own
and
others
fame
,
Ignominious
from
his
Youth
,
for
then
suffering
the
contumely
of
Discipline
,
being
publickly
whipt
,
at
Cambridge
,
he
was
ever
after
an
Enemy
to
Government
,
and
therefore
leagued
himself
with
unquiet
Sectaries
)
preaches
before
these
fictitious
Judges
upon
that
Text
,
Psal.
149.8
.
To
hind
their
Kings
in
chains
,
and
their
Nobles
in
fetters
of
iron
.
He
assures
them
undoubtedly
that
this
was
prophesied
of
them
,
that
they
were
the
Saints
related
to
in
that
Scripture
,
that
they
should
judge
the
Kings
of
the
Earth
,
often
calling
them
in
his
profane
Harangue
the
Saint-Judges
.
Then
he
professed
,
that
he
had
for
a
certain
found
upon
a
strict
Scrutiny
,
that
there
were
in
the
Army
5000
Saints
,
no
less
holy
than
those
that
now
in
Heaven
conversed
with
God
.
Afterwards
kneeling
in
his
Pulpit
,
weeping
and
lifting
up
his
hands
,
he
earnestly
begs
them
in
the
name
of
the
People
of
England
,
that
they
would
execute
Justice
upon
that
Wretch
CHARLES
,
and
would
not
let
Benhadad
escape
in
Safety
.
Then
he
inveighs
against
Monarchy
,
and
wrests
the
Parable
of
Jotham
to
his
purpose
,
wherein
when
the
Trees
would
chuse
a
King
,
the
Vine
and
the
Olive
refused
the
Dignity
,
but
the
Bramble
received
the
Empire
,
and
he
compared
Monarchy
to
the
Bramble
.
And
all
the
while
of
contriving
and
executing
this
Murther
he
preached
to
the
Souldiers
,
and
in
some
places
about
the
City
,
bitterly
and
contemptuously
railing
against
the
King
.
Others
also
of
the
Congregational
perswasion
acted
their
parts
in
this
Tragedie
,
but
more
closely
,
and
not
so
much
in
the
face
of
the
Sun
.
The
Conspirators
taking
heat
from
their
infamous
Preachers
,
whom
they
themselves
had
first
kindled
,
and
somewhat
doubting
that
these
several
strong
Applications
from
all
Parties
to
save
the
King
,
and
the
Universal
Discontents
,
might
take
some
advantage
from
their
delay
,
with
more
speed
hasten
the
Assassination
.
In
order
to
which
they
send
a
Serjeant
of
Arms
with
a
guard
of
Horse
(
lest
the
People
should
stone
him
for
his
Employment
)
into
Westminster-Hall
,
and
other
places
in
London
,
to
summon
all
that
could
lay
any
crime
to
the
King
's
charge
,
to
come
,
and
give
in
their
evidence
against
Him
.
Having
proclaimed
their
wicked
purposes
,
and
dress'd
up
a
Tribunal
at
the
upper
end
of
Westminster-Hall
,
with
all
the
shapes
of
terrour
,
where
the
President
with
his
abject
and
bloody
Assistants
were
placed
,
thither
afterwards
they
bring
this
most
Excellent
Monarch
,
whom
having
despoiled
of
three
Great
Kingdoms
,
they
now
determined
also
to
deprive
of
Life
.
Into
which
Scene
the
King
enter'd
with
a
generous
Miene
,
shewing
no
signs
of
discomposure
,
nor
any
thing
beneath
His
former
Majesty
;
but
as
if
He
were
to
combate
for
Glory
the
Monsters
of
Mankind
,
He
undauntedly
took
the
Seat
which
was
set
for
Him
,
with
scorn
looking
upon
the
fictitious
Judges
,
and
with
pity
upon
the
People
,
who
crouding
in
(
the
great
Gates
of
the
Hall
being
flung
open
)
did
bewail
in
Him
the
frailty
of
our
Humane
condition
,
whose
highest
Greatness
hath
no
Security
:
A
sad
Spectacle
even
to
those
that
were
not
in
danger
.
He
being
set
,
the
Charge
against
Him
was
read
,
with
all
those
reproachful
terms
of
Tyrant
,
Traitor
and
Murtherer
;
after
which
He
was
impleaded
in
the
name
of
the
People
of
England
.
This
false
Slander
of
the
People
of
England
was
heard
with
Impatience
and
Detestation
of
all
,
and
stoutly
attested
against
by
the
Lady
Fairfax
,
Wife
of
the
Lord
Fairfax
,
who
by
this
act
shewed
her self
worthy
of
her
Extract
from
the
Noble
Family
of
the
Veres
;
for
from
an
adjoyning
Scaffold
where
she
stood
,
she
cryed
out
with
a
loud
voice
(
but
not
without
danger
)
that
It
was
a
Lie
,
not
the
Tenth
part
of
the
People
were
guilty
of
such
a
Crime
,
but
all
was
done
by
the
Machinations
of
that
Traitor
Cromwell
.
But
the
King
after
the
Charge
was
read
,
with
a
countenance
full
of
Majesty
and
Gravity
,
demands
by
what
Authority
they
proceeded
with
Him
thus
contrary
to
the
Publick
Faith
,
and
what
Law
they
had
to
try
Him
that
was
an
absolute
Sovereign
.
Bradshaw
replying
,
that
of
the
Parliament
;
His
Majesty
shewed
the
detestable
Falshood
in
pretending
to
what
they
had
not
,
and
if
they
had
it
,
yet
it
could
not
justifie
these
Practices
.
To
which
reply
when
they
could
not
answer
,
they
force
Him
back
to
the
place
of
His
Captivity
.
The
Magnanimity
of
the
King
in
this
dayes
contest
with
these
inhumane
Butchers
,
did
much
satisfie
the
People
,
and
they
were
glad
(
while
they
thought
not
of
His
Danger
)
that
He
wanted
not
either
Speech
or
Courage
against
so
powerfull
Enemies
;
that
He
had
spoken
nothing
unworthy
of
Himself
,
and
had
preserved
the
Fame
of
His
Vertues
even
in
so
great
Adversities
.
For
He
seemed
to
triumph
over
their
Fortune
whose
Arms
He
was
now
subject
to
.
The
Parricides
sought
to
break
His
Spirit
by
making
His
appearances
frequent
before
such
contemptible
Judges
,
and
often
exposing
Him
to
the
contempt
of
the
armed
Rabble
;
therefore
four
dayes
they
torture
Him
with
the
Impudence
and
Reproaches
of
their
Infamous
Sollicitor
and
President
.
But
He
still
refused
to
own
their
Authority
,
which
they
could
not
prove
lawful
,
and
so
excellently
demonstrated
their
abominable
Impiety
,
that
He
made
Col.
Downes
,
one
of
their
Court
,
to
boggle
at
,
and
disturb
their
Proceedings
.
They
therefore
at
last
proceeded
to
take
away
that
Life
which
was
not
to
be
separated
from
Conscience
and
Honour
,
and
pronounced
their
Sentence
of
Death
upon
their
Lawful
and
Just
Sovereign
,
Jan.
27.
not
suffering
Him
to
speak
after
the
Decree
of
their
Villany
,
but
hurrying
Him
back
to
the
place
of
His
Restraint
.
At
His
departure
He
was
exposed
to
all
the
Insolencies
and
Indignities
that
a
phanatick
and
base
Rabble
,
instigated
by
Peters
and
other
Instructors
of
Villany
,
could
invent
and
commit
.
And
He
suffer'd
many
things
so
conformable
to
Christ
His
King
,
as
did
alleviate
the
sense
of
them
in
Him
,
and
also
instruct
Him
to
a
correspondent
Patience
and
Charity
.
When
the
barbarous
Souldiers
cryed
out
at
His
departure
,
Justice
,
Justice
,
Execution
,
Execution
,
as
those
deceived
Jews
did
once
to
their
KING
,
Crucifie
Him
,
Crucifie
Him
;
this
Prince
,
in
imitation
of
that
most
Holy
King
,
pitied
their
blind
fury
,
and
said
,
Poor
Souls
!
for
a
piece
of
Money
they
would
do
as
much
for
their
Commanders
.
As
He
passed
along
,
some
in
defiance
spit
upon
His
Garments
,
and
one
or
two
(
as
it
was
reported
by
an
Officer
of
theirs
,
who
was
one
of
their
Court
,
and
praised
it
as
an
evidence
of
His
Souldiers
Gallantry
,
while
others
were
stupified
with
their
prodigious
baseness
)
polluted
His
Majestick
Countenance
with
their
unclean
spittle
:
the
Good
King
,
reflecting
on
His
great
Exemplar
and
Master
,
wiped
it
off
,
saying
,
My
Saviour
suffer'd
far
more
than
this
for
me
.
Into
his
very
face
they
blowed
their
stinking
Tobacco
,
which
they
knew
was
very
distastefull
to
Him
;
and
in
the
way
where
He
was
to
go
,
just
at
His
feet
,
they
flung
down
pieces
of
their
nasty
pipes
.
And
as
they
had
devested
themselves
of
all
humanity
,
so
were
they
impatient
and
furious
if
any
one
shewed
Reverence
or
Pity
to
Him
as
He
passed
.
(
For
no
honest
Spirit
could
be
so
forgetful
of
humane
frailty
,
as
not
to
be
troubled
at
such
a
sight
;
to
see
a
Great
and
Just
King
,
the
rightful
Lord
of
three
flourishing
Kingdoms
,
now
forced
from
His
Throne
,
and
led
captive
through
the
streets
.
)
Such
as
pull'd
off
their
Hats
,
or
bowed
to
Him
,
they
beat
with
their
Fists
and
Weapons
,
and
knock'd
down
one
dead
but
for
crying
out
,
God
be
mercifull
unto
Him
.
When
they
had
brought
Him
to
His
Chamber
,
even
there
they
suffered
Him
not
to
rest
,
but
thrusting
in
and
smoaking
their
filthy
Tobacco
,
they
permitted
Him
no
privacy
to
Prayer
and
Meditation
.
Thus
through
variety
of
Tortures
did
the
King
pass
this
day
,
and
by
His
Patience
wearied
His
Tormentors
:
nothing
unworthy
His
former
greatness
of
Fortune
and
Mind
by
all
these
Affronts
was
extorted
from
Him
,
though
Indignities
and
Injuries
are
unusual
to
Princes
,
and
these
were
such
as
might
have
forced
passion
from
the
best-tempered
meekness
,
had
it
not
been
strengthned
with
assistance
from
Heaven
.
In
the
Evening
the
Conspirators
were
acquainted
by
a
Member
of
the
Army
,
of
the
King's
desire
,
that
seeing
His
death
was
nigh
,
it
might
be
permitted
Him
to
see
His
Children
,
and
to
receive
the
Sacrament
,
and
that
Doctor
Juxon
,
then
Lord
Bishop
of
London
,
(
now
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
)
might
be
admitted
to
pray
with
Him
in
His
private
Chamber
.
The
first
they
did
not
scruple
at
,
the
Children
in
their
power
being
but
two
,
the
Lady
Elizabeth
and
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
and
they
very
young
.
The
second
they
did
not
readily
grant
.
Some
would
have
had
Peters
to
undertake
that
employment
for
which
the
Bishop
was
sent
for
:
But
he
declined
it
with
some
Scoffs
,
as
knowing
that
the
King
hated
the
Offices
of
such
an
unhallowed
Buffoon
.
So
that
at
last
they
permitted
the
Bishops
access
to
the
King
,
to
whom
his
eminent
Integrity
had
made
him
dear
.
For
with
so
wonderful
a
prudence
and
uprightness
he
had
managed
the
envious
Office
of
the
Treasury
,
that
that
accusing
age
,
especially
of
Church-men
,
found
not
matter
for
any
impeachment
,
nor
ground
for
the
least
reproach
.
The
next
day
being
Sunday
,
the
King
was
removed
to
St.
James's
,
where
the
Bishop
of
London
read
Divine
Service
,
and
preached
before
Him
in
private
on
these
words
,
In
the
day
when
God
shall
judge
the
secrets
of
all
men
by
Jesus
Christ
according
to
my
Gospel
.
While
the
King
and
the
Bishop
at
this
time
,
and
also
at
other
times
,
were
performing
the
Divine
Service
,
the
rude
Souldiers
often
rushed
in
,
and
disturbed
their
Offices
with
vulgar
and
base
Scoffs
,
vain
and
frivolous
Questions
.
The
Commanders
likewise
,
and
other
impertinent
Anabaptists
did
interrupt
His
Meditations
,
who
came
to
tempt
and
try
Him
,
and
provoke
Him
to
some
unnecessary
disputations
.
But
He
maintained
His
own
Cause
with
so
irrefragable
Arguments
,
that
He
put
some
to
silence
,
the
petulancy
of
others
He
neglected
,
and
with
a
modest
contempt
dissembled
their
Scoffs
and
Reproaches
.
In
the
narrow
space
of
this
one
day
,
and
under
so
continued
Affronts
and
Disturbances
,
the
King
(
whose
whole
Soul
was
totally
composed
to
Religion
,
)
applyed
Himself
,
as
much
as
was
possible
,
to
the
Reading
Holy
Scriptures
,
to
Prayer
,
Confession
of
Sins
,
Supplications
for
the
forgiveness
of
His
Enemies
,
the
receiving
the
Eucharist
,
holy
Conferences
,
and
all
the
Offices
of
Piety
:
so
under
the
utmost
Malice
and
Hatred
of
men
,
He
laboured
for
the
Mercy
of
God
,
and
to
fit
Himself
for
His
last
victory
over
Death
.
While
the
King
thus
spent
this
day
,
the
Ministers
in
the
several
Churches
in
London
,
and
in
those
parts
of
the
Kingdom
where
His
danger
was
known
,
were
very
earnest
in
their
Prayers
to
God
for
His
Deliverance
and
Spiritual
Assistance
.
Some
of
them
in
their
Sermons
declared
the
horrour
of
that
sin
that
was
about
to
be
committed
,
detested
the
Impiety
of
the
Parricides
,
and
denounced
the
heavy
Judgements
which
such
a
sinfull
Nation
polluted
with
their
Prince's
blood
were
to
expect
.
The
Congregations
were
dissolved
into
Tears
.
Some
bewailed
the
sad
Condition
of
the
King
,
as
the
effect
of
the
Sins
of
the
Nation
.
Others
cursed
their
damnable
Credulity
of
the
Slanders
of
that
Just
Man
,
and
the
promises
of
Liberty
by
their
Impostors
.
And
another
sort
wept
,
because
their
Fears
did
prognosticate
those
Miseries
which
the
Issue
of
His
blood
would
let
in
upon
them
.
And
every
one
found
matter
of
grief
,
fear
,
and
indignation
in
the
loss
of
so
Excellent
a
Prince
.
All
countenances
were
full
of
sadness
and
astonishment
,
there
was
no
Tumults
nor
any
Quiet
,
every
one
listning
and
hearkning
,
either
as
impatient
to
know
the
greatness
of
their
Misery
,
or
greedy
to
receive
some
hopes
of
Comfort
in
their
Sovereign's
Safety
;
otherwise
there
was
a
stilness
like
that
which
too
strong
Passions
effect
,
and
might
be
thought
a
Stupidity
rather
than
a
Calmness
.
The
next
day
,
being
Jan.
29.
the
King
was
permitted
the
sight
of
His
Children
.
His
conference
and
words
with
them
was
taken
in
writing
and
communicated
to
the
World
by
the
Lady
Elizabeth
His
Daughter
,
a
Lady
of
most
eminent
Endowments
;
who
though
born
in
the
supremest
Fortune
,
yet
lived
in
continual
Tears
,
the
passages
of
her
Life
being
spent
in
beholding
the
Ruines
of
her
Family
,
and
the
Murther
of
her
dear
Father
,
whom
she
not
long
survived
,
but
died
in
that
Confinement
to
which
they
had
cheated
His
Majesty
,
in
Carisbrook
Castle
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
.
While
these
things
were
done
in
publick
,
the
Conspirators
meet
in
private
in
a
Committee
,
to
appoint
every
one
their
part
in
this
Tragedy
,
determine
what
Gestures
they
were
to
affect
,
what
Words
they
were
to
use
,
as
also
for
the
manner
,
place
and
time
of
the
Murther
.
In
which
Consultations
,
both
now
and
before
the
Sentence
,
each
one
,
according
to
the
bloodiness
of
his
temperament
,
or
servilely
to
flatter
Cromwell
,
by
their
Cruelty
to
Him
that
did
obstruct
his
Ambition
,
did
propose
several
wayes
either
of
contempt
or
hatred
in
killing
their
sentenced
,
yet
anointed
,
Sovereign
.
Some
would
have
His
Head
and
Quarters
fastned
upon
Poles
(
as
it
is
usual
with
Traitors
)
that
the
marks
of
their
Cruelty
might
out-last
His
Death
.
Others
would
have
Him
hanged
,
as
they
punished
Thieves
and
Murtherers
.
Others
gave
their
Vote
that
He
should
suffer
in
His
Royal
Habiliments
with
His
Crown
,
and
in
His
Robes
,
that
it
might
be
a
Triumph
of
the
Peoples
power
over
Kings
.
At
last
they
think
it
sufficient
that
He
should
lose
His
Head
by
the
stroak
of
an
Axe
on
a
Scaffold
near
White-Hall
Gates
before
the
Banqueting-House
,
that
so
from
thence
where
He
used
to
sit
on
His
Throne
,
and
shew
the
Splendour
of
Majesty
,
He
might
pass
to
His
Grave
;
there
parting
with
the
Ensigns
of
Royalty
,
and
laying
them
down
as
Spoils
,
where
He
had
before
used
them
as
the
Ornaments
of
Empire
.
Thus
did
they
endeavour
to
make
their
Malice
Ingenious
,
and
provided
Triumphs
for
their
revenge
.
And
because
they
suspected
,
or
were
informed
,
that
as
the
King
had
not
owned
their
Authority
,
so
He
would
not
submit
to
their
Execution
,
nor
willingly
stoop
to
the
Block
,
they
caused
to
be
fastned
in
it
some
Iron
Staples
and
Rings
,
that
by
them
with
Cords
they
might
draw
Him
down
,
if
He
would
not
comply
.
But
His
prudent
Meekness
prevented
this
Inhumanity
;
and
He
died
disowning
their
Authority
,
though
He
could
not
escape
their
Power
.
In
the
midst
of
these
Preparations
,
they
cause
some
Souldiers
to
offer
to
His
Majesty
certain
Articles
and
Conditions
,
to
which
if
He
would
subscribe
,
they
promise
Life
,
and
the
continuance
of
a
precarious
Empire
:
either
out
of
a
Terrour
and
Fear
of
the
consequents
of
their
Impieties
;
for
the
confidence
of
contriving
great
Crimes
is
often
turned
into
a
sollicitude
when
they
come
to
be
acted
:
or
out
of
Design
to
ruine
His
Conscience
and
Honour
,
together
with
His
mortal
Life
,
if
He
should
consent
.
But
when
one
or
two
of
them
had
been
read
to
Him
,
He
refused
to
hear
any
more
,
saying
,
I
will
suffer
a
thousand
deaths
ere
I
will
so
prostitute
my
Honour
,
or
betray
the
Liberties
of
my
People
.
Thus
mindful
of
Justice
,
He
would
not
deface
the
Splendor
of
His
former
Vertues
with
a
too
impotent
desire
of
Life
.
At
last
that
Fatal
Day
,
Jan.
30.
approached
:
and
that
morning
,
a
little
before
His
Death
,
the
Conspirators
ordered
some
of
their
Ministers
,
viz.
Marshal
,
Nye
,
Caryl
,
Salway
and
Dell
,
to
pray
with
Him
,
as
they
said
,
in
order
to
His
passage
out
of
this
Life
;
but
when
these
sent
to
let
Him
know
the
end
of
their
coming
,
He
returned
answer
that
He
was
busie
:
they
sent
a
second
time
,
and
He
replyed
that
He
was
at
His
Devotions
:
they
importunately
sent
a
third
time
,
and
my
Lord
of
London
then
desiring
to
know
what
answer
he
should
give
to
satisfie
them
;
His
Majesty
then
as
unconcerned
in
their
Ministery
said
,
My
Lord
,
you
may
give
them
what
answer
you
please
,
but
I
am
resolved
,
that
they
who
have
so
often
and
so
causelesly
prayed
against
Me
,
shall
not
in
this
My
Agony
pray
with
Me
,
they
may
pray
for
Me
if
they
please
.
Therefore
the
King
arming
Himself
with
His
own
Devotions
in
the
Offices
of
the
Church
of
England
,
in
them
found
an
unexpected
Comfort
;
for
the
Gospel
for
that
Day
being
the
History
of
the
Passion
of
our
Saviour
,
did
by
that
Example
strengthen
the
King
to
follow
Jesus
,
and
to
take
up
His
Cross
;
and
His
Majesty
was
thankful
for
that
Pattern
.
Being
thus
confirmed
by
the
Blood
(
for
He
took
the
Sacrament
that
Morning
)
and
sufferings
of
His
LORD
(
whose
Vicegerent
He
was
)
together
with
His
own
Innocency
,
against
the
Terrors
of
Death
,
He
was
brought
from
St.
James's
through
the
Park
to
White-Hall
,
walking
very
fast
,
and
with
as
chearful
a
Countenance
as
if
He
were
going
to
Hunting
,
(
a
Recreation
He
was
much
pleased
with
,
)
often
advising
His
slow
Guards
to
move
faster
,
adding
,
I
now
go
before
you
to
strive
for
an
Heavenly
Crown
,
with
less
sollicitude
than
I
formerly
have
led
My
Souldiers
for
an
Earthly
Diadem
.
And
being
come
to
the
end
of
the
Park
,
He
with
much
Alacrity
went
up
the
Stairs
leading
to
the
long
Gallery
in
White-Hall
,
and
so
into
the
Cabinet-Chamber
,
where
He
continued
some
time
in
Devotion
,
while
they
were
fitting
the
Theatre
of
His
Murther
.
While
these
things
were
acting
,
the
Lord
Fairfax
,
who
had
alwayes
forborn
any
publick
appearance
in
the
practices
of
this
Murther
,
had
taken
up
(
as
is
credibly
reported
)
some
Resolutions
,
(
either
in
abhorrency
of
the
Crime
,
or
by
the
Solicitations
of
others
)
with
his
own
Regiment
,
though
none
else
should
follow
him
,
to
hinder
the
Execution
.
This
being
suspected
or
known
,
Cromwell
,
Ireton
and
Harrison
coming
to
him
,
after
their
usual
way
of
deceiving
,
endeavoured
to
perswade
him
,
that
the
LORD
had
rejected
the
King
,
and
with
such
like
Language
as
they
knew
had
formerly
prevailed
upon
him
,
concealing
that
they
had
that
very
morning
signed
the
Warrant
for
the
Assassination
;
they
also
desired
him
with
them
to
seek
the
LORD
by
Prayer
,
that
they
might
know
his
mind
in
the
thing
.
Which
he
assenting
to
,
Harrison
was
appointed
for
the
Duty
,
and
by
compact
to
draw
out
his
profane
and
blasphemous
Discourse
to
God
in
such
a
length
as
might
give
time
for
the
Execution
,
which
they
privately
sent
to
their
Instruments
to
hasten
;
of
which
when
they
had
notice
that
it
was
past
,
they
rose
up
,
and
perswaded
the
General
that
this
was
a
full
return
of
Prayer
,
and
God
having
so
manifested
his
pleasure
they
were
to
acquiesce
in
it
.
There
was
likewise
another
attempt
made
by
Col.
Downes
,
who
had
disturbed
them
in
their
Court
,
to
obstruct
them
in
their
Execution
;
for
it
is
said
,
that
he
endeavoured
to
make
a
Mutiny
in
the
Army
to
hinder
the
Wickedness
,
but
the
hast
of
the
Assassinates
prevented
him
.
While
these
men
acted
their
Wickedness
by
Prayers
,
to
the
lasting
reproach
of
Christianity
,
the
King
,
after
He
had
finished
His
Supplications
,
was
through
the
Banqueting-House
brought
to
the
Scaffold
,
which
was
dress'd
to
terrour
,
for
it
was
all
hung
with
Black
,
where
were
attending
two
Executioners
in
Disguises
,
and
the
Axe
and
the
Block
prepared
.
But
it
prevailed
not
to
affright
Him
whose
Soul
was
already
panting
after
another
Life
.
And
therefore
He
entred
this
ignominious
and
gastly
Theatre
with
the
same
mind
as
He
used
to
carry
to
His
Throne
,
shewing
no
fear
of
death
,
but
a
Solicitude
for
those
that
should
live
after
Him
.
Looking
about
He
saw
divers
Companies
of
Horse
and
Foot
so
placed
on
each
side
of
the
Street
and
about
the
Scaffold
,
that
the
People
could
not
come
near
Him
,
and
those
that
saw
could
not
be
Hearers
;
therefore
omitting
that
Speech
which
it
was
probable
He
would
have
spoken
to
the
People
,
He
spoke
to
the
Officers
,
and
those
that
were
then
about
Him
,
that
which
is
now
printed
among
His
Works
.
Having
ended
His
Speech
,
He
declared
His
Profession
of
Religion
;
and
while
He
was
preparing
for
the
Block
,
He
expressed
what
were
His
Hopes
(
for
all
the
Righteous
have
such
)
in
Death
,
saying
,
I
have
a
good
Cause
and
a
Gracious
God
on
my
side
;
I
go
from
a
Corruptible
to
an
Incorruptible
Crown
,
where
no
disturbance
can
be
,
no
disturbance
in
the
world
.
After
this
composing
Himself
to
an
Address
to
God
,
having
His
Eyes
and
Hands
like
fore-runners
lifted
up
to
Heaven
,
and
expressing
some
short
and
private
Ejaculations
,
He
kneeled
down
before
the
Block
as
at
a
Desk
of
Prayer
,
and
meekly
submitted
His
Crowned
Head
to
the
pleasure
of
His
God
,
to
be
profaned
by
the
Axe
of
the
disguised
Executioner
:
which
was
suddenly
severed
from
His
Body
by
one
strong
stroke
.
So
sell
CHARLES
the
First
,
and
with
Him
expired
the
Glory
and
Liberty
of
Three
Nations
.
Thus
the
King
finished
His
Martyrdom
,
but
His
Enemies
not
their
Malice
,
who
extended
their
Cruelty
beyond
His
Life
,
and
abused
the
Headless
Trunk
.
Some
washed
their
hands
in
the
Royal
Blood
,
others
dipt
their
staves
in
it
;
and
that
they
might
indulge
their
insatiate
Covetousness
as
well
as
their
boundless
Inhumanity
,
they
sold
the
chips
of
the
Block
,
and
the
sands
that
were
discoloured
with
His
Blood
,
and
exposed
His
very
Hairs
to
sale
:
which
the
Spectators
purchased
for
different
uses
.
Some
did
it
to
preserve
the
Reliques
of
so
Glorious
a
Prince
,
whom
they
so
dearly
loved
.
Others
hoped
that
they
would
be
as
means
of
Cure
for
that
disease
which
our
English
Kings
(
through
the
Indulgence
of
Heaven
)
by
Their
touch
did
usually
heal
:
and
it
was
reported
that
these
Reliques
experienced
failed
not
of
the
effect
.
And
some
out
of
a
brutish
malice
would
have
them
as
spoils
and
trophees
of
their
hatred
to
their
Lawfull
Sovereign
.
Cromwell
,
that
he
might
feed
his
eyes
with
Cruelty
,
and
satisfie
his
sollicitous
Ambition
,
which
aspired
at
Monarchy
when
the
Lawfull
King
was
destroyed
,
curiously
surveyed
the
murthered
Carcass
when
it
was
brought
in
the
Coffin
into
White-Hall
,
and
to
assure
himself
the
King
was
quite
dead
,
with
his
singers
searched
the
wound
,
whether
the
Head
were
fully
severed
from
the
body
or
no.
Afterwards
they
delivered
the
body
to
be
unbowelled
to
an
infamous
Empirick
of
the
Faction
,
together
with
the
rude
Chirurgions
of
the
Army
(
not
permitting
the
King's
own
Physicians
to
this
Office
)
who
were
all
most
implacable
enemies
to
His
Majesty
,
and
commanded
them
to
search
(
which
was
as
much
as
to
bid
them
so
report
)
whether
they
could
not
find
in
it
Symptomes
of
the
French
disease
,
or
some
evidences
of
Frigidity
,
and
natural
impotency
:
that
so
they
might
have
some
colour
to
slander
Him
who
was
eminent
for
Chastity
;
or
to
make
His
Seed
infamous
.
But
this
wicked
design
was
prevented
by
a
Physician
of
great
Integrity
and
Skill
,
who
intruding
himself
among
them
at
the
Dissection
,
by
his
Presence
and
Authority
kept
the
obsequious
Wretches
from
gratifying
their
Opprobrious
Masters
.
And
the
same
Physician
also
published
that
Nature
had
tempered
the
Royal
Body
to
a
longer
life
than
commonly
is
granted
to
other
men
.
And
as
His
Soul
was
fitted
by
Heroick
Vertues
to
Eternity
,
so
His
Body
by
a
Temperament
almost
ad
pondus
made
as
near
an
approach
to
it
as
the
present
Condition
of
Mortality
would
permit
.
Failing
in
these
Opportunities
of
Calumny
,
with
more
Impudence
and
Rancor
they
use
other
wayes
to
make
Him
odious
,
and
rase
the
Love
of
Him
out
of
the
People's
hearts
.
They
conclude
from
the
outward
unhappinesses
of
His
Reign
unto
an
hatred
of
God
against
Him
;
and
with
the
same
Confidence
as
they
inrolled
themselves
in
the
List
of
the
Saints
,
and
entred
their
own
names
in
the
Book
of
Life
,
they
blotted
His
out
,
and
placed
Him
in
some
of
the
dark
and
comfortless
Cells
of
the
damned
:
and
they
commonly
professed
it
among
the
Disciples
of
the
Faction
as
an
Article
of
their
belief
,
that
it
was
impossible
for
Him
or
any
of
His
party
to
be
saved
.
Not
content
with
these
Injuries
to
His
Body
and
Soul
,
they
endeavour
likewise
to
murther
His
Memory
.
For
they
pull'd
down
His
Statue
which
was
placed
at
the
West
end
of
St.
Paul's
Church
,
and
that
other
in
the
Old
Exchange
,
and
leaving
the
Arch
void
,
they
writ
over
,
Exit
Tyrannus
Regum
ultimus
.
But
the
Providence
of
God
hath
shewed
them
to
be
not
only
deceivers
,
but
also
deceived
.
For
that
Just
Prince
hath
of
His
own
Seed
to
sit
upon
His
Throne
.
And
Posterity
shall
wonder
at
the
Vanity
as
well
as
the
Falseness
of
those
men
,
that
they
should
think
to
destroy
the
Memory
of
that
Prince
whose
true
and
lasting
Glory
consisted
not
in
any
thing
wherein
it
was
possible
for
Successors
to
shew
the
Power
of
their
Malice
,
but
in
a
solid
Vertue
,
which
flourisheth
by
Age
,
and
whose
Fame
gathers
strength
from
multitude
of
Years
,
when
Statues
and
Monuments
are
obnoxious
to
the
flames
of
a
Violent
Envy
,
and
the
Ruines
of
Time
.
Besides
this
,
they
take
care
to
suppress
all
those
more
Lively
figures
of
Him
and
most
lasting
Statues
,
His
Writings
,
and
therefore
force
from
My
Lord
of
London
,
whom
they
kept
prisoner
,
all
those
Papers
His
Majesty
had
delivered
to
him
,
and
make
a
most
narrow
search
of
his
Cloathes
and
Cabinets
,
lest
any
of
those
Monuments
of
Piety
and
Wisdom
should
escape
to
the
Benefit
of
Mankind
.
Yet
by
the
gracious
Goodness
of
the
Almighty
God
,
to
their
eternal
infamy
,
and
for
a
perpetual
Record
of
the
King's
great
Vertues
,
there
escaped
their
Search
,
and
was
published
to
the
World
,
The
Book
of
His
Meditations
and
Soliloquies
.
In
the
Composition
of
which
a
Sober
Reader
cannot
tell
which
to
admire
most
,
either
His
incredible
Prudence
,
His
ardent
Piety
,
or
His
Majestick
and
truly
Royal
Style
.
Those
parts
of
it
which
consisted
of
Addresses
to
God
corresponded
so
nearly
in
the
Occasions
,
and
were
so
full
of
the
Piety
and
Elegancy
of
David's
Psalms
,
that
they
seemed
to
be
dictated
by
the
same
Spirit
.
His
very
Assassinates
confessed
the
goodness
of
the
Book
,
though
they
were
ashamed
He
whom
they
had
murthered
should
be
the
Author
.
For
Bradshaw
in
his
Examination
of
Royston
who
Printed
it
,
asked
him
,
How
he
could
think
so
bad
a
man
(
for
such
would
that
Monster
have
this
Excellent
Prince
thought
to
be
)
could
write
so
good
a
Book
.
Therefore
they
laboured
by
all
wayes
and
means
to
suppress
it
,
as
the
greatest
witness
against
them
to
Posterity
,
and
which
would
make
them
odious
in
all
Generations
.
For
the
Blood
of
the
Holy
,
Wise
and
Eloquent
,
leaves
eternal
stains
of
Infamy
upon
those
that
spill'd
it
;
because
no
man
reads
their
Works
,
but
they
curse
those
cruel
hands
which
cut
the
veins
and
stopp'd
the
streams
of
so
much
Goodness
;
and
we
esteem
them
barbarous
and
inhumane
Monsters
who
did
not
Reverence
the
Persons
of
those
whose
Writings
we
admire
.
But
their
fury
became
ridiculous
,
while
they
thought
by
their
present
power
to
corrupt
His
Memory
,
and
take
off
the
admiration
of
the
following
Ages
;
for
the
more
they
hindred
the
Publication
,
the
more
earnestly
it
was
sought
after
:
yet
they
endeavoured
it
another
way
,
and
therefore
hired
certain
mercenary
Souls
to
despoil
the
King
of
the
Credit
of
being
the
Author
of
it
.
Especially
one
base
Scribe
,
naturally
fitted
to
compose
Satyres
and
invent
Reproaches
,
who
made
himself
notorious
by
some
licentious
and
infamous
Pamphlets
,
and
so
approved
himself
as
fit
for
their
service
.
This
man
they
encouraged
(
by
translating
him
from
a
needy
Pedagogue
to
the
Office
of
a
Secretary
)
to
write
that
Scandalous
Book
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
(
an
Invective
against
the
King's
Meditations
)
and
to
answer
the
learned
Salmasius
his
Defence
of
Charles
the
First
.
But
all
was
in
vain
,
for
those
that
were
able
to
judge
of
Styles
found
it
must
be
the
same
Pen
which
wrought
these
Meditations
,
and
drew
those
Letters
which
the
Faction
had
published
for
His.
Others
,
that
were
not
able
to
satisfie
themselves
by
such
a
Censure
,
were
assured
of
it
by
the
Relations
of
Colonel
Hammond
that
was
His
Keeper
,
who
did
attest
to
several
Persous
that
he
saw
them
in
the
King's
hand
,
heard
Him
read
them
,
and
did
see
Him
to
correct
them
in
his
presence
.
The
Arch-Bishop
of
Armagh
did
also
affirm
to
those
he
conversed
with
,
that
he
was
employed
by
a
Command
from
the
King
to
get
some
of
them
out
of
the
hands
of
the
Faction
,
for
they
were
taken
in
His
Cabinet
at
Naseby
.
And
Royston
that
Printed
them
did
testifie
to
those
that
enquired
of
him
,
that
the
King
had
sent
to
him
the
Michaelmas
before
His
death
;
to
provide
a
Press
for
some
Papers
He
should
send
to
Him
,
which
were
these
,
together
with
a
design
for
a
Picture
before
the
Book
;
which
at
first
was
Three
Crowns
indented
on
a
Wreath
of
Thorns
,
but
afterwards
the
King
recalled
that
,
and
sent
that
other
which
is
now
before
His
Book
.
Thus
these
several
Testimonies
did
secure
the
faith
of
the
World
against
the
Slanderers
,
and
made
their
endeavours
as
contemptible
as
themselves
were
hatefull
.
While
the
Parricides
were
seeking
for
fresh
Occasions
to
express
their
Malice
,
the
whole
Kingdom
was
composed
to
Mourning
and
Lamentation
;
for
never
any
King
,
not
only
of
the
English
,
but
of
whatsoever
Throne
,
had
His
death
lamented
with
greater
Sorrows
,
nor
left
the
World
with
a
higher
regret
of
the
People
.
When
the
news
of
His
Death
was
divulged
,
Women
with
Child
for
grief
cast
forth
the
untimely
Fruit
of
their
Womb
,
like
Her
that
fell
in
Travel
when
the
Glory
was
departed
from
Israel
.
Others
,
both
Men
and
Women
,
fell
into
Convulsions
and
swounding
Fits
,
and
contracted
so
deep
a
Melancholy
as
attended
them
to
the
Grave
.
Some
unmindful
of
themselves
,
as
though
they
could
not
,
or
would
not
,
live
when
their
beloved
Prince
was
slaughtered
,
(
it
is
reported
)
suddenly
fell
down
dead
.
The
Pulpits
were
likewise
bedewed
with
unsuborned
Tears
;
and
some
of
those
to
whom
the
living
King
was
for
Episcopacie's
sake
less
acceptable
,
yet
now
bewailed
the
loss
of
Him
when
dead
.
Children
(
who
usually
seem
unconcerned
in
publick
Calamities
)
were
also
affected
with
the
news
,
and
became
so
prodigal
of
their
Tears
,
that
for
some
time
they
refused
comfort
;
even
some
of
those
who
sat
as
Judges
could
not
forbear
to
mingle
some
Tears
with
His
Blood
when
it
was
split
.
Many
composed
Elegies
and
serious
Poems
to
preserve
the
memory
of
His
Vertues
,
to
express
their
own
Griefs
,
and
to
instruct
the
Mournings
of
others
;
and
their
Passions
made
them
above
their
usual
Strain
more
elegant
.
Many
who
writ
the
Acts
of
His
time
did
vindicate
His
Honour
,
and
divulged
the
base
Arts
of
His
Enemies
,
even
while
their
Power
was
dreadful
.
Men
of
all
Sorts
,
Degrees
and
Sects
(
there
being
none
among
which
He
had
not
some
Admirers
)
then
freely
and
without
Envy
recounted
His
several
Vertues
,
which
now
appeared
as
great
as
Mortality
refined
by
Industry
was
capable
of
.
For
though
Prosperity
makes
the
Severest
tryals
of
Vertues
,
yet
Adversity
renders
them
most
Orient
.
As
the
night
best
acquaints
us
with
the
Splendor
of
the
Stars
.
That
which
first
challenged
their
Wonder
,
was
the
Composure
and
Inclination
of
His
Soul
to
Religion
,
Besides
,
His
Majesty's
constant
Diligence
in
those
Duties
did
demonstrate
,
that
nothing
but
a
Principle
of
Holiness
,
which
is
alwayes
uniform
,
both
moved
and
assisted
Him
in
those
sacred
Performances
,
to
which
He
was
observed
to
go
with
an
exceeding
Alacrity
as
to
a
ravishing
pleasure
,
from
which
no
lesser
Pleasures
nor
Business
were
strong
enough
for
a
Diversion
.
In
the
morning
before
He
went
to
Hunting
(
His
beloved
Sport
)
the
Chaplains
were
before
Day
call'd
to
their
Ministery
:
and
when
He
was
at
Brainford
among
the
Noise
of
Arms
,
and
near
the
Assaults
of
His
Enemies
,
He
caused
the
Divine
that
then
waited
to
perform
his
accustomed
Service
,
before
He
provided
for
Safety
,
or
attempted
at
Victory
;
and
would
first
gain
upon
the
Love
of
Heaven
,
and
then
afterwards
repell
the
Malice
of
men
.
Those
that
were
appointed
by
the
Parliament
to
attend
Him
in
His
Restraints
wondred
at
His
constant
Devotions
in
His
Closet
;
and
no
Artifice
of
the
Army
was
so
likely
to
abuse
Him
to
a
Credulity
of
their
good
Intentions
,
as
the
Permission
of
the
Ministery
of
His
Chaplains
in
the
Worship
of
God
,
a
mercy
He
valued
,
to
some
of
His
Servants
,
above
that
of
enjoying
Wife
and
Children
.
At
Sermons
He
carried
Himself
with
such
a
Reverence
and
Attention
(
that
His
Enemies
which
hated
,
yet
did
even
admire
Him
in
it
,
)
as
if
He
were
expecting
new
Instructions
for
Government
from
that
God
whose
Deputy
He
was
,
or
a
new
Charter
for
a
larger
Empire
:
and
He
was
so
careful
not
to
neglect
any
of
those
Exercises
,
that
if
on
Tuesday
mornings
,
on
which
Dayes
there
used
to
be
Sermons
at
Court
,
He
were
at
any
distance
from
thence
,
He
would
ride
hard
to
be
present
at
the
beginnings
of
them
.
When
the
State
of
His
Soul
required
,
He
was
as
ready
to
perform
those
more
severe
parts
of
Religion
which
seem
most
distastful
to
Flesh
and
Blood
.
And
he
never
refused
to
take
to
Himself
the
shame
of
those
acts
wherein
He
had
transgressed
,
that
He
might
give
Glory
to
His
God
.
For
after
the
Army
had
forced
Him
from
Holmeby
,
and
in
their
several
removes
had
brought
Him
to
Latmas
,
an
house
of
the
Earl
of
Devonshire
,
on
Aug.
1.
being
Sunday
,
in
the
morning
before
Sermon
He
led
forth
with
Him
into
the
Garden
the
Reverend
Dr.
Sheldon
(
who
then
attended
on
Him
,
and
whom
He
was
pleased
to
use
as
His
Confessour
)
and
drawing
out
of
His
pocket
a
Paper
,
commanded
him
to
read
it
,
transcribe
it
,
and
so
to
deliver
it
to
Him
again
.
This
Paper
contained
several
Vows
,
which
He
had
obliged
His
Soul
unto
for
the
Glory
of
His
Maker
,
the
advance
of
true
Piety
,
and
the
emolument
of
the
Church
.
And
among
them
this
was
one
,
that
He
would
do
Publick
Penance
for
the
Injustice
He
had
suffered
to
be
done
to
the
Earl
of
Strafford
,
His
consent
to
those
Injuries
that
were
done
to
the
Church
of
England
(
though
at
that
time
He
had
yielded
to
no
more
than
the
taking
away
of
the
High
Commission
,
and
the
Bishops
power
to
Vote
in
Parliament
)
and
to
the
Church
of
Scotland
:
and
adjured
the
Doctor
,
that
if
ever
he
saw
Him
in
a
Condition
to
observe
that
or
any
of
those
Vows
,
he
should
solicitously
mind
Him
of
the
Obligations
,
as
he
dreaded
the
guilt
of
the
breach
should
lie
upon
his
own
Soul
.
This
voluntary
submission
to
the
Laws
of
Christianity
exceeded
that
so
memorable
humiliation
of
the
good
Emperour
Theodosius
,
for
he
never
bewailed
the
blood
of
those
seven
thousand
men
which
in
three
hours
space
he
caused
to
be
spilt
at
Thessalonica
,
till
the
resolution
of
St.
Ambrose
made
him
sensible
of
the
Crime
.
But
the
Piety
of
King
Charles
anticipated
the
severity
of
a
Confessor
for
those
offences
to
which
He
had
been
precipitated
by
the
Violence
of
others
.
This
Zeal
and
Piety
proceeded
from
the
Dedication
of
His
whole
Soul
to
the
Honour
of
His
God
,
for
Religion
was
as
Imperial
in
the
Intellectual
as
in
the
Affectionate
Faculties
of
it
.
The
Profession
of
the
Church
of
England
was
His
not
so
much
by
Education
,
as
Choice
,
and
He
so
well
understood
the
Grounds
of
it
,
that
He
valued
them
above
all
other
Pretensions
to
Truth
,
and
was
able
to
maintain
it
against
all
its
Adversaries
.
His
Discourse
with
Henderson
shews
how
just
a
Reverence
He
had
for
the
Authority
of
the
Catholick
Church
,
against
the
Pride
and
Ignorance
of
Schismaticks
;
yet
not
to
prostitute
His
Faith
to
the
Adulterations
of
the
Roman
Infallibility
and
Traditions
.
Nevertheless
the
most
violent
Slanders
the
Faction
laboured
to
pollute
Him
with
,
were
those
that
rendred
Him
inclinable
to
Popery
.
From
which
He
was
so
averse
,
that
He
could
not
forbear
in
His
indearments
to
the
Queen
,
(
when
He
committed
a
secret
to
Her
Breast
which
He
would
not
trust
to
any
other
,
and
when
He
admired
and
applauded
Her
affectionate
Cares
for
His
Honour
and
Safety
)
in
a
Letter
,
which
He
thought
no
Eye
but
Hers
should
have
perused
,
to
let
Her
know
that
He
still
differ'd
from
Her
in
Religion
;
for
He
says
,
It
is
the
only
thing
of
Difference
in
Opinion
betwixt
Vs
.
Malice
made
the
Slanderers
blind
,
and
they
published
this
Letter
to
the
World
,
than
which
there
could
not
be
a
greater
Evidence
imaginable
of
the
King's
most
secret
Thoughts
,
and
Inward
Sincerity
,
nor
a
more
shameful
Conviction
of
their
Impudence
and
damnable
Falshood
.
Nor
did
He
only
tell
the
Queen
so
,
but
He
made
Her
see
it
in
His
Actions
.
For
as
soon
as
His
Children
were
born
,
it
was
His
first
Care
to
prevent
the
Satisfaction
of
their
Mother
in
baptizing
them
after
the
Rites
of
Her
own
Church
.
When
He
was
to
Die
,
a
time
most
seasonable
to
speak
Truth
,
especially
by
Him
who
all
His
Life
knew
not
how
to
Dissemble
,
He
declares
His
Profession
in
Religion
to
be
the
same
with
that
which
He
found
left
by
His
Father
King
James
.
How
little
the
Papists
credited
what
the
Faction
would
have
the
World
believe
,
was
too
evident
by
the
Conspiracies
of
their
Fathers
against
His
Life
and
Honour
,
which
the
Discovery
of
Habernefield
(
to
whose
relations
the
following
practices
against
Him
and
the
Church
of
England
gained
a
belief
)
brought
to
light
.
They
were
mingled
likewise
among
the
Conspirators
,
and
both
heated
and
directed
their
Fury
against
Him
.
They
were
as
importunate
in
their
Calumnies
of
Him
,
even
after
His
Death
,
as
were
the
vilest
of
the
Sectaries
;
which
they
had
never
done
,
could
they
have
imagined
Him
to
be
theirs
;
for
His
Blood
would
in
their
Calendar
have
out-shined
the
Multitude
of
their
fictitious
Saints
.
For
His
sake
they
continued
their
hatred
to
His
Family
,
abetted
the
Usurpations
of
the
following
Tyrant
,
by
imposing
upon
the
World
new
Rules
of
Obedience
and
Government
,
invented
fresh
Calumnies
for
the
Son
,
and
obstructed
by
various
Methods
His
return
to
the
Principality
,
because
He
was
Heir
as
well
of
the
Faith
as
of
the
Throne
of
His
Father
.
Although
this
Honour
is
not
to
be
denied
to
many
Gallant
Persons
of
that
perswasion
,
that
their
Loyalty
was
not
so
corrupted
by
their
Faith
to
Rome
,
but
that
they
laboured
to
prevent
the
Father's
Overthrow
,
and
to
hasten
the
Son's
Restitution
.
He
was
not
satisfied
in
being
Religious
as
a
particular
Christian
,
but
would
be
so
as
a
King
,
and
indeavoured
that
Piety
might
be
as
Universal
as
His
Empire
.
This
He
assaied
by
giving
Ornaments
and
Assistances
to
the
External
Exercise
and
Parts
of
it
,
(
which
is
the
proper
Province
of
a
Magistrate
,
whose
Power
reaches
but
to
the
Outward
man
)
that
so
carnal
minds
if
they
were
not
brought
to
an
Obedience
,
might
yet
to
a
Reverence
,
and
if
men
would
not
honour
,
yet
they
should
not
despise
Religion
.
This
He
did
in
taking
Care
for
the
Place
of
Worship
,
that
Comeliness
and
Decency
should
be
there
conspicuous
where
the
God
of
Order
was
to
be
adored
.
And
it
was
a
Royal
Undertaking
to
restore
St.
Paul's
Church
to
its
primitive
strength
,
and
give
it
a
beauty
as
magnificent
as
its
Structure
.
He
taught
men
not
to
contemn
the
Dispensers
of
the
Gospel
,
because
He
had
so
great
an
esteem
for
them
,
admitting
some
to
His
nearest
Confidence
and
most
Private
Counsels
,
as
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
;
and
the
greatest
Place
of
Trust
,
as
the
Bishop
of
London
to
the
Treasury
:
consulting
at
once
the
Emolument
of
Religion
,
whose
Dictates
are
more
powerfully
impressed
when
the
Minister
is
honoured
by
the
Magistrate
;
and
the
Benefit
of
the
State
,
which
wise
Princes
had
before
found
none
to
seek
more
faithfully
,
if
any
did
more
prudently
,
than
Church-men
.
Though
a
Voluntary
Poverty
did
much
contribute
to
the
lustre
and
increase
of
the
Church
in
the
Purer
times
,
yet
a
necessitated
would
have
destroyed
it
in
a
Corrupt
age
;
therefore
the
King
,
to
obstruct
all
access
of
Ruine
that
way
,
secured
her
Patrimony
,
and
recovered
as
much
as
He
could
out
of
the
Jaws
of
Sacrilege
,
which
together
with
time
had
devoured
a
great
part
of
it
.
His
endeavours
this
way
were
so
strong
,
that
the
Faction
in
Scotland
found
no
Artifice
able
to
divert
them
but
by
kindling
the
flame
of
a
Civil
War
;
the
Criminals
there
seeking
to
adjust
their
Sacrilegious
Acquisitions
by
Rebellious
practices
,
and
to
destroy
that
Church
by
force
which
His
Majesty
would
not
suffer
them
to
torture
with
Famine
.
In
Ireland
the
Lord
Lieutenant
Wentworth
,
by
His
Command
and
Instructions
,
retrived
very
great
Possessions
,
which
the
tumults
of
that
Nation
had
advantaged
many
greedy
Persons
to
seize
upon
,
and
would
not
suffer
Sedition
to
be
incouraged
with
the
hopes
of
Impiety
.
In
England
He
countenanced
those
just
Pleas
which
Oppressed
Incumbents
entred
against
Rapacious
Patrons
;
and
this
way
many
Curates
were
put
into
a
Condition
of
giving
Hospitality
,
who
before
were
contemptible
in
their
Ministry
,
because
they
were
so
in
their
Fortune
.
His
Enemies
knew
how
Inviolable
was
the
Faith
of
His
Majesty
in
this
,
and
therefore
pressed
Him
with
nothing
more
to
obstruct
Peace
than
the
Alienation
of
Church-Lands
,
rather
than
which
He
did
abandon
His
Life
,
and
parted
sooner
with
His
Blood
than
them
.
He
used
to
say
,
Though
I
am
sensible
enough
of
the
Dangers
that
attend
My
Care
of
the
Church
,
yet
I
am
resolved
to
defend
it
or
make
it
My
Tomb-stone
,
(
alluding
to
a
Story
which
He
would
tell
of
a
Generous
Captain
,
that
said
so
of
a
Castle
that
was
committed
to
His
trust
.
)
He
had
so
perfect
a
Detestation
of
that
Crime
,
that
it
is
said
He
scarce
ever
mentioned
Henry
the
8.
without
an
Abhorrency
of
His
Sacriledge
.
He
neglected
the
Advices
of
His
own
Party
,
if
they
were
negligent
of
the
Welfare
of
the
Church
.
Those
Concessions
He
had
made
in
Scotland
to
the
prejudice
of
the
Church
there
,
were
the
subject
of
His
grief
and
penitential
Confessions
both
before
God
(
as
appears
in
His
Prayers
)
and
men
.
For
when
the
Reverend
Dr.
Morley
,
now
Lord
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
(
whom
He
had
sent
for
to
the
Treaty
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
where
he
employed
his
diligence
and
prudence
to
search
into
the
Intrigues
and
Reserves
of
the
Commissioners
)
had
acquainted
Him
how
the
Commissioners
were
the
more
pertinacious
for
the
abolishing
of
Episcopacy
here
,
because
His
Majesty
had
consented
to
it
in
Scotland
,
and
withall
told
Him
what
answer
he
himself
had
made
to
them
,
That
perchance
the
King
was
abused
to
those
grants
by
a
misinformation
that
that
Act
which
was
made
in
King
James
's
Minority
against
Bishops
was
yet
unrepealed
,
and
that
His
Concession
would
but
leave
them
where
the
Law
had
;
The
King
Answered
,
It
is
true
,
I
was
told
so
,
but
whenever
you
hear
that
urged
again
,
give
them
this
answer
,
and
say
,
that
you
had
it
from
the
King
Himself
;
That
when
I
did
that
in
Scotland
,
I
sinned
against
My
Conscience
,
and
that
I
have
often
repented
of
it
,
and
hope
that
God
hath
forgiven
Me
that
great
Sin
,
and
by
God's
grace
for
no
Consideration
in
the
World
will
I
ever
do
so
again
.
He
was
careful
of
Uniformity
,
both
because
He
knew
the
Power
of
Just
and
Lawful
Princes
consisted
in
the
Union
of
their
Subjects
,
who
never
are
cemented
stronger
than
by
a
Unity
in
Religion
;
but
Tyrants
,
who
measure
their
greatness
by
the
weakness
of
their
Vassals
,
work
that
most
effectually
by
caressing
Schisms
,
and
giving
a
Licence
to
different
Perswasions
(
as
the
Usurpers
afterwards
did
:
)
Besides
,
He
saw
there
was
no
greater
Impediment
to
a
sincere
Piety
,
because
that
Time
and
those
Parts
which
might
improve
Godliness
to
a
Growth
,
were
all
Wasted
and
Corrupted
in
Malice
and
Slanders
betwixt
the
Dissenters
about
forms
.
He
was
more
tender
in
preserving
the
Truths
of
Christianity
than
the
Rights
of
His
Throne
.
For
when
the
Commissioners
of
the
Two
Houses
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
importunately
pressed
Him
for
a
Confirmation
of
the
Lesser
Catechism
which
the
Assembly
at
Westminster
had
composed
,
and
used
this
motive
,
because
it
was
a
small
matter
;
He
answered
,
Though
it
seem
to
you
a
small
thing
,
it
is
not
so
to
Me
:
I
had
rather
give
you
one
of
the
Flowers
of
My
Crown
,
than
permit
your
Children
to
be
corrupted
in
the
least
point
of
their
Religion
.
Thus
though
He
could
not
infuse
Spiritual
Graces
into
the
minds
of
His
Subjects
,
yet
He
would
manage
their
Reason
by
Pious
Arts
;
and
what
the
Example
of
a
King
(
which
through
the
Corruptions
of
men
is
more
efficacious
to
Impiety
than
to
Vertue
)
could
not
do
,
that
His
Law
should
,
and
He
would
restrain
those
Vices
which
He
could
not
extirpate
.
Religion
was
never
used
by
Him
to
veil
Injustice
;
for
this
was
peculiar
to
His
Adversaries
,
Magistrate
should
be
,
a
speaking
Law
.
It
was
His
usual
saying
,
Let
Me
stand
or
fall
by
My
own
Counsels
.
I
will
ever
,
with
Job
,
rather
chuse
Misery
than
Sin
.
He
first
submitted
His
Counsels
to
the
Censure
of
the
Lawyers
before
they
were
brought
forth
to
Execution
.
Those
Acts
of
which
the
Faction
made
most
noise
,
were
delivered
by
the
Judges
to
be
within
the
Sphere
of
the
Prerogative
.
The
causes
of
the
Revenue
were
as
freely
debated
as
private
Pleas
,
and
sometimes
decreed
to
be
not
good
;
which
can
never
happen
under
a
bad
Prince
.
The
Justice
of
His
Times
shewed
that
of
His
Breast
,
wherein
the
Laws
were
feared
and
not
Men.
None
were
forced
to
purchase
their
Liberty
with
the
diminution
of
their
Estates
,
or
the
loss
of
their
Credit
.
Every
one
had
both
security
and
safety
for
His
Life
,
Fortune
,
and
Dignity
;
and
it
was
not
then
thought
,
as
afterwards
,
to
be
a
part
of
Wisdom
to
provide
against
Dangers
by
obscurity
and
Privacies
.
His
Favours
in
bestowing
Great
Offices
never
secured
the
Receivers
from
the
force
of
the
Law
,
but
Equity
overcame
His
Indulgences
.
For
He
knew
that
Vnjust
Princes
become
Odious
to
them
that
made
them
so
.
He
submitted
the
Lord
Keeper
Coventrey
to
an
Examination
when
a
querulous
person
had
accused
him
of
Bribery
.
He
sharply
reproved
one
whom
He
had
made
Lord
Treasurer
,
when
he
was
petitioned
against
by
an
Hampshire
Knight
,
on
whose
Estate
,
being
held
by
Lease
from
the
Crown
,
that
Treasurer
had
a
design
;
and
He
secured
the
Petitioner
in
his
Right
.
The
greatest
Officer
of
His
Court
did
not
dare
to
do
any
the
least
of
those
injuries
which
the
most
Contemptible
Member
of
the
House
of
Commons
would
with
a
daily
Insolency
act
upon
His
weaker
Neighbour
.
In
the
Civil
Discords
He
bewailed
nothing
more
,
than
that
the
Sword
of
Justice
could
not
correct
the
illegal
Furies
of
that
of
War
.
Though
by
His
Concessions
and
Grants
He
diminished
His
Power
,
yet
He
thought
it
a
Compensation
,
to
let
the
World
see
He
was
willing
to
make
it
impossible
for
Monarchy
to
have
an
unjust
Instrument
,
and
to
secure
Posterity
from
Evil
Kings
.
Although
He
proved
to
a
Leading
Lord
of
the
Faction
,
That
a
People
being
too
cautious
to
bind
their
King
by
Laws
from
doing
Ill
,
do
likewise
fetter
Him
from
doing
Good
,
and
their
fears
of
Mischief
do
destroy
their
hopes
of
Benefit
.
And
that
such
is
the
weakness
of
Humanity
,
that
he
which
is
intrusted
only
to
Good
,
may
pervert
that
Power
to
the
extremest
Ills.
And
indeed
there
is
no
security
for
a
Community
to
feel
nothing
in
Government
besides
the
Advantages
of
it
,
but
in
the
Benignity
of
Providence
,
and
the
Justice
of
the
Prince
,
both
which
we
enjoyed
while
we
enjoyed
Him
.
Though
He
was
thus
in
Love
with
Justice
,
yet
He
suffered
not
that
to
leven
His
Nature
to
Severity
and
Rigour
,
the
Exercise
of
this
Vertue
depends
not
only
on
the
temper
of
the
Prince
,
but
the
frame
of
the
People
must
contribute
to
it
;
because
when
the
Reverence
of
Majesty
and
fear
of
the
Laws
are
proscribed
,
sharper
Methods
are
required
to
form
Obedience
.
Yet
He
was
unwilling
to
cut
off
,
till
He
had
tryed
by
Mercy
to
amend
,
even
guilty
Souls
.
Thus
He
strove
to
oblige
the
Lord
Balmerino
to
peaceful
practices
,
by
continuing
that
Life
which
had
been
employed
in
Sedition
,
and
forfeited
to
the
Law
.
Soon
after
His
coming
into
the
Isle
of
Wight
(
by
which
time
He
had
experienced
the
numerous
Frauds
and
implacable
Malice
of
His
Enemies
)
being
attended
on
by
Dr.
Sheldon
and
Dr.
Hammond
(
for
they
were
the
earliest
in
their
Duties
at
that
time
)
a
Discourse
passed
betwixt
His
Majesty
and
the
Governour
,
wherein
there
was
mention
made
of
the
fears
of
the
Faction
that
the
King
could
never
forgive
them
.
To
which
the
King
immediately
replyes
,
I
tell
thee
,
Governour
,
I
can
forgive
them
with
as
good
an
appetite
as
ever
I
eat
My
Dinner
after
an
hunting
,
and
that
I
assure
you
was
not
a
small
one
;
yet
I
will
not
make
My self
a
better
Christian
than
I
am
,
for
I
think
if
they
were
Kings
I
could
not
do
it
so
easily
.
This
shewed
how
prone
His
Soul
was
to
Mercy
,
and
found
not
any
obstruction
but
what
arose
from
a
sense
of
Royal
Magnanimity
.
He
sooner
offered
and
gave
life
to
His
captive
Enemies
than
their
Spirits
debauched
by
Rebellion
would
require
it
,
and
He
was
sparing
of
that
blood
of
which
their
fury
made
them
Prodigal
.
No
man
fell
in
battel
whom
He
could
save
.
He
chose
rather
to
enjoy
any
Victory
by
Peace
(
and
therefore
continually
sollicited
for
it
when
He
seemed
least
to
need
it
)
than
make
one
triumph
a
step
to
another
;
and
though
He
was
passionate
to
put
all
in
Safety
,
yet
He
affected
rather
to
end
the
War
by
Treaty
than
by
Conquest
.
The
Prisoners
He
took
He
used
like
deluded
men
,
and
oftner
remembred
that
God
had
made
them
His
Subjects
,
than
that
the
Faction
had
transformed
them
to
Rebels
.
He
provided
for
them
while
in
His
Power
,
and
not
to
let
them
languish
in
Prison
,
sent
them
by
Passes
to
their
own
homes
,
only
ingaging
them
by
Oath
to
no
more
injuries
against
that
Sovereign
whom
they
had
felt
to
be
Gracious
:
for
so
He
used
those
that
were
taken
at
Brainford
.
But
yet
the
Casuists
of
the
Cause
would
soon
dispense
with
their
Faith
,
and
send
them
forth
to
die
in
contracting
a
new
guilt
.
Those
whom
the
fury
of
War
had
left
gasping
in
the
Field
;
and
fainting
under
their
wounds
,
He
commends
in
His
Warrants
,
(
as
in
that
to
the
Major
of
Newbury
)
to
the
care
of
the
Neighbourhood
,
either
tenderly
to
recover
,
or
decently
bury
:
and
His
Commands
were
as
well
for
those
that
sought
to
murther
Him
as
those
that
were
wounded
in
His
Defence
.
This
made
the
Impudence
and
Falshood
of
Bradshaw
more
portentous
,
when
in
his
Speech
of
the
Assassination
he
belch'd
out
those
Comparisons
of
Caligula
and
Nero
:
the
first
would
kill
numbers
of
Senators
to
make
himself
Sport
,
and
the
last
thought
it
just
enough
that
Paetus
Thraseas
should
die
,
because
he
look'd
like
a
School-master
.
But
this
Prince's
Anger
was
without
Danger
to
any
,
His
Admonitions
were
frequent
,
Corrections
seldom
,
but
Revenge
never
.
He
grieved
when
His
Pity
had
not
Power
or
Skill
to
save
Offenders
,
and
then
He
punished
the
bad
,
but
yet
gave
them
space
to
repent
,
and
make
their
Execution
as
near
as
He
could
like
a
natural
Death
,
to
translate
them
from
hence
to
a
place
where
they
could
not
Sin
.
He
had
nothing
of
the
Beast
in
Him
,
which
Machiavel
requires
in
such
Princes
as
make
Success
the
only
end
of
their
Counsels
,
and
consult
a
prosperous
Grandeur
more
than
an
unspotted
Conscience
.
He
scorned
to
abuse
the
Character
of
God
upon
Him
by
turning
a
Fox
to
dissemble
,
and
abhorred
to
think
that
He
whom
Heaven
had
made
above
other
men
should
degenerate
to
the
Cruelty
of
a
Lion
.
He
sooner
parted
with
Mortality
than
Mercy
;
for
He
ended
His
dayes
with
a
Prayer
for
His
Enemies
,
and
laboured
to
make
His
Clemency
immortal
,
by
commanding
the
practice
of
it
to
His
Son
.
None
of
His
Vertues
were
in
the
Confines
of
Vice
,
and
therefore
this
Admirable
Clemency
proceeded
not
from
a
defect
of
Spirit
,
as
His
Detractors
imputed
it
,
the
Vulgar
,
who
mistake
Cruelty
for
Valour
,
imagined
;
but
like
the
Bowels
of
the
Supremest
Mercy
which
are
incircled
with
an
Infinite
Power
,
so
this
Pity
to
guilty
and
frail
men
was
attended
with
an
Incomparable
Fortitude
.
For
this
Vertue
consisting
in
despising
Dangers
and
Enemies
in
those
Causes
that
render
Death
comely
and
glorious
,
the
King
gave
several
Evidences
of
a
Contempt
of
all
Power
beneath
that
of
Heaven
.
When
the
Lord
Rey
first
acquainted
Him
with
the
Conspiracy
of
Ramsey
and
Hamilton
,
He
was
upon
a
Remove
to
Theobalds
,
where
the
Marquess
was
to
wait
upon
Him
as
Gentleman
of
the
Bed-Chamber
;
who
having
some
notice
given
him
of
the
Discovery
,
besought
His
Majesty
to
spare
his
attendance
till
he
could
clear
his
innocence
,
and
return
the
Treason
upon
the
Accuser
.
The
King
answered
,
that
He
would
therefore
make
him
wait
,
to
let
him
see
He
did
as
little
fear
his
strength
as
distrust
his
Loyalty
;
for
He
knew
he
durst
not
attempt
His
Life
because
He
was
resolved
to
sell
it
so
dear
.
And
to
make
good
His
Confidence
,
He
made
him
ride
alone
with
Him
in
His
Coach
to
Theobalds
,
and
lie
in
His
Chamber
that
Night
:
while
the
sollicitous
Court
admired
,
and
even
censured
,
His
Magnanimity
,
for
it
went
beyond
His
pattern
,
and
did
more
than
that
Emperour
who
was
styled
the
Delight
of
Mankind
,
who
being
informed
of
a
Conspiracy
against
him
,
invited
the
two
Chiefs
of
it
to
accompany
him
to
the
Spectacula
,
and
caused
them
both
to
sit
next
on
each
side
to
him
in
the
Theatre
;
and
to
give
them
more
advantage
for
their
design
,
put
the
swords
of
the
Gladiators
(
under
colour
of
enquiring
their
judgements
concerning
their
sharpness
)
into
their
hands
,
to
shew
how
little
dread
he
had
of
their
fury
.
But
the
British
Prince's
Magnanimity
exceeded
that
of
the
Excellent
Roman's
,
as
much
as
the
privacies
of
a
Bed-chamber
,
and
the
darkness
of
Night
make
up
a
fitter
Scene
for
the
Assassination
of
a
beloved
Soveraign
than
a
publick
Theatre
.
As
He
never
provoked
War
,
so
He
never
feared
it
;
and
when
the
miserable
Necessity
lay
upon
Him
to
take
up
Arms
to
preserve
Himself
from
an
unjust
Violence
,
He
shewed
as
much
if
not
more
Valour
than
those
can
boast
of
that
with
equal
force
finished
Wars
with
Conquest
:
in
the
success
of
these
,
Fortune
,
the
Vanity
of
an
Enemy
,
and
the
assistances
of
Friends
may
challenge
a
part
of
the
Praise
,
but
in
that
none
but
His
own
brave
Soul
had
the
Glory
.
For
to
attempt
at
Victory
against
an
Enemy
that
had
almost
more
Forts
and
Garrisons
than
He
had
Families
to
joyn
with
Him
,
that
with
Cannon
out-vied
the
Number
of
His
Muskets
,
that
had
gotten
from
Him
a
Navy
which
His
Care
had
made
the
most
formidable
in
the
World
,
and
not
left
Him
the
command
of
a
Cock-boat
,
that
were
prodigal
with
the
Treasure
of
a
Nation
and
His
Revenues
,
when
He
begged
for
a
subsistence
;
was
such
a
Courage
that
would
have
made
that
Senate
of
Gallant
Persons
,
who
were
the
most
competent
Judges
of
Valour
,
and
never
censured
Vertue
by
the
Success
,
but
thanked
their
Imprudent
Consul
for
not
despairing
of
the
Commonwealth
,
when
he
gathered
up
those
broken
Legions
which
his
Rashness
had
obtruded
to
an
Overthrow
,
to
have
decreed
a
Triumph
for
CHARLES
,
had
His
life
been
an
Honour
to
that
Age
,
or
could
those
Generations
have
reckoned
Him
among
their
great
Examples
.
Most
men
indeed
thought
the
King's
side
most
glorious
,
yet
they
concluded
the
other
more
terrible
:
those
that
minded
their
Duty
were
in
the
Royal
Camp
,
but
such
as
cared
for
Safety
took
part
with
the
Faction
,
or
at
least
did
not
oppose
them
.
As
He
first
entred
the
War
,
so
did
He
continue
in
it
.
His
Moderation
alwayes
moved
Him
to
desire
Peace
,
and
His
Fortitude
made
them
sometimes
sue
for
it
.
His
Adversaries
never
prevailed
upon
His
Fears
,
but
upon
the
Treachery
and
Covetousness
of
some
of
His
Party
,
who
could
not
endure
an
Honourable
Want
:
and
on
such
their
Gold
was
stronger
than
their
Iron
on
Him
,
and
He
was
rather
Betrayed
than
Overcome
.
His
Greatness
of
Mind
forsook
Him
not
with
His
Fortune
,
Arms
and
Liberty
,
it
being
Natural
,
and
not
built
upon
them
;
this
made
Him
tenacious
of
Majesty
when
His
Power
was
gone
.
For
when
Whaley
,
that
had
the
Command
of
the
Guards
upon
Him
while
He
was
in
the
Army
,
insolently
intruded
into
His
Presence
to
hear
His
Discourse
with
a
Foreign
Minister
of
State
,
and
being
bold
in
his
Power
and
Office
,
refused
to
obey
the
Command
for
a
greater
Distance
,
the
King
caned
him
to
an
Observance
.
When
the
Parricides
sent
their
party
of
Soldiers
to
force
Him
from
the
Isle
of
Wight
to
the
Slaughter
,
Cobbet
that
commanded
them
thrust
himself
into
the
Coach
with
Him
:
but
the
King
sensible
that
the
nearness
of
such
a
Villain
was
like
a
Contagion
to
Majesty
,
with
His
Hand
forced
him
away
to
herd
among
his
bloody
fellows
.
His
Spirit
alwayes
kept
above
the
barbarous
Malice
of
His
Enemies
,
and
of
their
rudest
Injuries
would
seem
unsensible
.
He
told
a
faithfull
Servant
of
His
,
that
the
Conspirators
had
kept
Him
for
two
Moneths
under
a
want
of
Linen
and
Shirts
:
But
(
said
He
)
I
scorned
to
give
them
that
pleasure
as
to
tell
them
I
wanted
.
Thus
all
the
strokes
of
Fortune
upon
His
Magnanimous
Soul
were
but
like
the
breaking
of
Waves
upon
a
Rock
of
Diamonds
,
which
cannot
shake
,
but
only
wash
it
to
a
greater
Brightness
.
But
though
He
knew
not
how
to
submit
to
the
Power
of
Men
,
Patience
(
a
Vertue
not
usual
with
Kings
,
to
whom
the
bounds
of
Equity
seem
a
restraint
,
and
therefore
are
more
restless
in
Injuries
)
He
did
submit
to
the
Will
of
His
eternal
Sovereign
.
He
never
murmured
nor
repined
at
that
Providence
which
had
given
Him
plenty
of
tears
to
drink
:
But
His
Meditations
still
breath
the
Justice
of
God
and
the
Holiness
of
all
His
wayes
with
Him
.
He
would
take
Occasions
from
displeasing
Occurrences
to
thank
God
that
had
sitted
Him
for
the
Condition
he
had
brought
Him
unto
.
For
when
He
marched
after
His
Carriage
in
pursuit
of
Essex
into
the
West
,
one
of
them
broke
in
a
very
narrow
Lane
,
which
made
Him
stop
till
an
intolerable
Shower
of
Rain
came
pouring
upon
Him
;
from
which
that
He
might
seek
for
a
Shelter
in
the
Neighbouring
Village
,
His
Courtiers
offered
to
hew
Him
out
a
way
through
the
Hedge
with
their
Swords
,
but
He
refused
:
and
when
they
wondred
at
it
,
He
lifting
up
His
hat
and
Eyes
to
worship
the
Fountain
of
All
Grace
,
said
,
As
God
hath
given
me
Afflictions
to
exercise
My
Patience
,
so
He
hath
given
me
Patience
to
bear
My
Afflictions
.
The
Indignity
He
received
from
Hotham
provoked
no
Curse
from
Him
,
nor
could
the
Injuries
from
Scotch
and
English
move
Him
to
any
thing
more
than
Prayers
for
God's
sanctifying
them
to
Him
.
He
wanted
not
Temptations
to
Passion
from
His
own
Party
;
for
in
a
Letter
to
the
Queen
,
He
tells
Her
that
She
could
not
but
Pity
Him
in
His
Condition
as
to
them
:
yet
He
so
managed
their
several
Humours
,
and
so
cherished
their
Expectations
with
Patience
and
Meekness
,
that
they
quietly
waited
for
a
return
of
His
Fortune
.
When
He
was
in
His
Captivity
at
Carisbrook
under
the
strictest
Restraint
,
those
that
attended
Him
never
almost
observed
Him
but
chearfull
and
pleasant
in
His
Discourses
,
and
sometimes
breaking
out
into
pleasing
Reparties
and
Jests
.
When
in
the
Treaty
at
Newport
,
(
where
He
had
occasions
of
Passion
daily
administred
by
the
Perverseness
to
Peace
of
the
Party
He
was
to
deal
with
)
one
of
the
Commissioners
was
importunate
with
Him
for
more
Concessions
,
and
minded
Him
of
His
saying
,
That
if
there
were
another
Treaty
,
it
should
not
lie
in
the
power
of
the
Devil's
Malice
to
hinder
Peace
:
the
King
answered
,
It
would
be
so
when
there
was
a
Treaty
,
but
as
for
this
it
could
not
be
thought
a
Treaty
,
but
He
was
like
the
man
in
the
Play
,
that
cryed
out
he
had
been
in
a
Fray
,
and
when
they
asked
him
what
Fray
,
he
replyed
there
was
a
Fray
and
no
Fray
,
for
there
were
but
three
blows
given
,
and
he
took
them
all
:
So
this
is
a
Treaty
and
not
a
Treaty
,
for
there
be
many
Concessions
,
but
I
have
made
them
all
.
Another
time
,
when
He
met
one
of
the
Presbyterian
Ministers
near
His
Chamber
enquiring
for
Captain
Titus
,
(
who
then
waited
on
Him
,
and
had
been
faithful
to
Him
in
that
Service
)
the
King
told
him
,
He
wondred
he
would
have
any
more
to
do
either
with
Titus
or
Timothy
,
since
he
fared
so
ill
in
medling
with
them
in
his
Disputes
about
Episcopacy
the
day
before
.
These
shewed
how
free
His
Soul
was
,
and
uncontrolled
in
the
greatest
and
most
displeasing
perplexities
.
He
would
never
take
any
indirect
courses
to
avoid
the
Cross
,
nay
,
He
scrupled
at
such
expedients
as
some
deemed
most
conducing
to
His
great
end
.
For
at
the
Treaty
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
there
being
offered
to
Him
an
expedient
,
to
secure
His
Conscience
and
satisfie
the
Commissioners
in
the
Propositions
about
the
Church
,
and
it
being
urged
by
a
great
and
faithful
Counsellour
,
that
He
must
grant
what
possibly
He
could
to
preserve
His
own
Life
for
the
good
of
the
Church
,
for
(
it
was
said
)
her
safety
depended
on
His
;
with
a
present
and
pious
indignation
He
replyed
,
Tell
not
Me
what
I
should
do
for
saving
of
My
Life
,
but
what
I
may
do
with
a
safe
Conscience
:
God
forbid
that
the
Life
or
Safety
of
the
Church
should
depend
upon
My
Life
,
or
upon
the
Life
of
any
mortal
man
;
and
I
thank
God
I
have
a
Son
whom
I
have
reason
to
believe
will
love
the
Church
as
well
as
I
do
.
Another
time
,
a
little
after
the
Treaty
was
ended
,
Dr.
Morley
shewing
to
Him
a
billet
he
had
received
by
the
Lady
Wheeler
the
King's
Laundress
(
who
often
conveyed
much
Intelligence
)
from
an
Officer
of
the
Army
,
that
the
King's
Death
was
resolved
on
;
His
Majesty
answered
,
I
have
done
what
I
can
to
save
My
Life
without
losing
of
my
Soul
.
I
can
do
,
I
will
do
no
more
:
God's
will
be
done
.
In
the
Pomp
of
His
Murther
,
wherein
He
was
made
a
Spectacle
to
the
World
,
Angels
and
Men
,
no
Tryals
were
ever
greater
,
nor
ever
were
any
better
born
:
the
Parricides
found
it
was
easie
to
take
away
His
Life
,
but
impossible
His
Honour
and
Patience
;
His
Passions
being
then
so
low
and
quiet
,
that
the
natural
Insirmity
of
His
Speech
did
not
in
the
least
measure
appear
,
which
uses
to
be
most
evident
in
the
smallest
discomposure
of
the
Spirit
.
After
the
Regicides
had
passed
their
Decree
for
His
Assassination
,
and
caused
Him
to
be
persecuted
with
all
the
Indignities
of
the
fanatick
Souldiers
,
there
fell
from
Him
nothing
like
Passion
or
Indignation
,
but
that
He
gave
the
Authors
of
those
Impieties
the
title
that
was
due
to
them
:
for
when
my
Lord
of
London
came
to
Him
,
(
which
was
not
till
eight
a
Clock
on
Saturday
Night
,
)
He
told
him
,
My
Lord
,
that
you
came
no
sooner
I
believe
was
not
your
fault
;
but
now
you
are
come
,
because
these
Rogues
pursue
My
Blood
,
you
and
I
must
consult
how
I
may
best
part
with
it
.
Yet
even
this
was
spoken
without
any
Fury
or
Violence
;
for
though
all
about
Him
was
tumultuous
with
Horror
,
Destruction
and
Contempt
,
His
Soul
seemed
unconcerned
,
enjoyed
a
Calm
Serenity
,
and
was
full
of
its
own
Majesty
.
This
Vertue
made
Him
forget
He
was
a
Prince
born
to
Command
,
and
only
consider
that
He
was
a
Christian
whose
Calling
obliges
to
Suffer
.
He
had
found
out
a
way
to
Glory
by
Humility
.
For
the
supreme
Power
,
to
which
nothing
can
be
added
,
He
despised
the
converse
of
none
,
though
poor
,
if
honest
:
He
shewed
to
Sir
Philip
Warwick
(
who
had
much
of
His
Trust
and
Affections
)
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
a
poor
ragged
Old
Man
,
and
told
him
he
was
a
very
honest
fellow
,
and
had
been
His
best
Company
for
two
moneths
together
.
He
would
have
those
about
Him
converse
rather
with
Himself
than
with
His
Majesty
,
and
with
them
would
He
mingle
Discourses
as
One
of
the
People
:
none
made
an
end
of
speaking
till
His
own
Modesty
,
not
Pride
in
the
King
,
thought
it
was
enough
:
and
He
never
did
contradict
any
man
without
this
mollifying
Preface
,
By
your
favour
,
Sir
.
His
discourse
as
it
was
familiar
,
so
it
was
directed
to
raise
those
that
heard
it
to
a
nearer
approach
to
Himself
by
perfection
;
for
He
did
not
proudly
scoff
at
,
but
gently
laboured
to
mend
the
defects
of
His
Subjects
.
When
Doctor
Hammond
had
in
some
degree
lost
the
Manage
of
His
Voice
,
His
Majesty
shewed
him
his
Infirmity
,
and
taught
him
to
amend
it
;
which
that
Excellent
Person
often
mentioned
as
an
instance
of
a
Gracious
Condescension
of
Majesty
.
When
Noble
Youths
came
to
take
their
leaves
of
Him
before
they
went
to
foreign
travel
,
He
would
not
let
them
go
without
His
Instructions
,
of
which
this
was
one
,
My
Lord
,
Keep
alwayes
the
best
Company
,
and
be
sure
never
to
be
Idle
.
Thus
He
would
confer
the
Vertues
as
well
as
the
Titles
of
Nobility
,
He
laboured
to
keep
them
as
Majesty
had
made
them
,
and
that
that
blood
might
not
be
tainted
in
them
which
was
honoured
in
their
Ancestors
.
Nor
did
He
desire
that
they
should
be
otherwise
than
He
directed
,
as
Tyrants
and
weak
Princes
will
commend
those
Vertues
which
they
are
afraid
of
,
for
they
dread
or
envy
their
Subjects
Parts
and
Abilities
.
Aristotle
observes
that
a
Tyrant
cares
not
to
hear
his
Vassals
speak
any
thing
that
is
either
Grave
or
Generous
;
and
it
is
reckoned
among
the
Usurpations
of
such
Monsters
,
that
they
would
have
the
opinion
to
be
the
Only
Wise
and
Gallant
.
Plato
indangered
his
Life
when
he
conversed
with
the
Sicilian
Tyrant
,
because
he
was
thought
to
understand
more
than
his
Host
.
It
was
observed
of
Cromwell
,
(
by
one
of
his
confident
Teachers
)
that
in
the
time
of
his
Tyranny
he
loved
no
man
that
spoke
Sense
,
and
had
several
Artisices
to
disparage
it
among
his
Slaves
that
attended
him
;
and
he
would
highly
extol
those
Pulpit-Speakers
that
had
most
Canting
and
least
Reason
.
But
the
King
thought
it
the
Honour
of
Principality
to
rule
over
Excellent
persons
,
and
affected
to
be
Great
only
by
being
Better
;
and
to
raise
their
Spirits
would
stoop
with
His
own
.
Of
these
He
alwayes
chose
the
most
accomplished
that
He
knew
,
to
be
His
Ministers
of
State
and
closest
Confidents
:
the
fortune
of
Princes
stands
in
need
of
many
Friends
,
which
are
the
surest
supports
of
Empire
;
so
He
would
alwayes
seek
the
Best
,
and
those
He
thought
fittest
for
His
Employments
,
which
a
bad
or
weak
King
would
hate
or
fear
.
Therefore
He
had
alwayes
the
finest
Pens
and
ablest
Heads
in
His
Cause
,
and
Persons
likewise
of
Integrity
in
His
Service
:
for
the
Archbishop
and
Earl
of
Strafford
,
that
were
clamoured
against
as
the
greatest
Criminals
,
were
not
guilty
enough
,
even
by
those
accusations
which
they
were
loaded
with
,
and
yet
not
proved
,
to
receive
the
Censure
of
the
Law
,
but
were
to
be
condemned
in
an
unaccustomed
way
of
spilling
English
blood
.
When
some
discovered
their
Abilities
even
by
opposing
His
Counsels
,
He
preferr'd
the
Publick
Benefit
which
might
be
by
their
Endowments
to
His
private
Injuries
;
He
would
either
buy
them
off
to
His
Service
by
some
Place
of
Trust
,
or
win
them
to
His
Friendship
;
unless
He
saw
them
to
be
such
whose
Natures
were
corrupted
by
their
Designs
,
(
for
He
had
a
most
excellent
Sagacity
in
discerning
the
Spirits
of
men
)
or
they
were
such
who
polluted
their
parts
by
prostituting
Religion
to
some
base
ends
(
the
injuries
of
which
He
could
never
neglect
:
)
and
such
He
neither
conceived
Honourable
in
a
Court
,
nor
hoped
they
would
ever
be
faithful
and
quiet
in
a
Community
.
Among
these
Purchases
were
reckoned
the
Lord
Lieutenant
of
Ireland
,
the
Lord
Falkland
,
and
others
now
living
,
whose
Perfections
honoured
His
Judgement
,
and
justified
His
Choice
.
He
had
no
Favorite
,
as
a
Minister
of
Pleasures
,
Henry
Vane
,
(
that
he
had
advised
His
Majesty
to
make
use
of
some
Irish
to
reduce
this
Kingdom
;
on
which
,
though
it
had
but
a
single
and
various
testimony
,
the
Faction
built
their
Practices
against
His
Life
)
I
think
no
body
durst
ever
be
so
impudent
as
to
move
Me
to
it
,
for
if
they
had
,
I
should
have
made
them
such
an
Example
,
and
put
such
a
mark
upon
them
,
that
all
Posterity
should
know
My
Intentions
by
it
.
For
My
Intention
was
ever
to
govern
by
the
Law
,
and
not
otherwise
.
He
thought
He
could
not
be
happy
unless
His
People
were
so
;
as
we
found
our selves
miserable
when
He
was
not
prosperous
.
Therefore
He
parted
with
so
much
of
His
Prerogative
to
buy
our
Peace
,
and
purchase
our
Content
.
He
sought
their
Love
by
affecting
them
,
the
only
way
of
gaining
it
,
because
that
Passion
only
is
free
and
impatient
of
Command
.
Nor
was
He
ever
more
pleased
than
in
the
enjoyment
of
it
:
When
His
Third
Parliament
granted
five
Subsidies
,
and
it
was
told
Him
that
there
was
not
One
Voice
dissenting
,
it
is
said
,
He
wept
for
joy
;
and
it
had
been
happy
for
the
People
,
if
the
King
had
alwayes
had
such
cause
of
Tears
,
and
His
Eyes
had
been
alwayes
wet
with
the
same
.
Contests
for
Liberty
could
never
have
been
more
unseasonable
than
under
this
Prince
,
for
He
never
denied
His
Subjects
the
removal
of
any
just
Grievance
,
yea
,
He
parted
sometimes
,
through
their
own
importunity
deluded
by
the
Faction
,
with
that
which
should
have
kept
them
Free
:
And
when
He
made
such
Concessions
which
tended
to
the
prejudice
of
those
that
desired
it
,
He
would
say
to
some
about
Him
,
that
He
would
never
have
granted
these
things
,
but
that
He
hoped
they
would
see
the
Inconvenience
of
that
power
which
they
begg'd
from
Him
,
yet
themselves
could
not
manage
,
and
return
it
to
its
proper
place
,
before
it
became
their
Ruine
.
He
was
far
from
the
ambition
of
Ill
Princes
to
seek
an
unlimited
power
;
but
He
thought
it
the
Office
of
the
best
Sovereign
to
set
bounds
to
Liberty
.
He
despised
His
Life
if
it
were
to
be
bought
by
the
Misery
of
the
Nation
,
and
therefore
rejected
the
Propositions
of
the
Army
as
the
Conditions
of
His
Safety
,
when
tendred
to
Him
the
day
before
His
Murther
,
because
they
would
inslave
the
People
.
Neither
would
He
expose
particular
persons
to
an
evident
and
inevitable
danger
,
though
it
were
to
secure
Himself
:
for
when
my
Lord
Newburgh
and
his
Noble
Lady
,
at
whose
house
in
Bagshot
He
did
stay
as
He
was
removed
from
Carisbrook
to
Windsor
,
proposed
to
Him
a
way
to
escape
from
that
bloody
Guard
that
hurried
Him
to
the
Slaughter
,
He
rejected
it
,
saying
,
If
I
should
get
away
,
they
would
cut
you
in
Pieces
;
and
therefore
would
not
try
their
design
,
though
it
seemed
feasible
.
With
these
Arts
He
did
seek
to
oblige
the
Community
;
but
the
Faction's
Slanders
hindred
the
Success
:
consists
in
an
industrious
pleasing
of
the
People
in
minute
and
ordinary
Circumstances
;
but
He
alwayes
endeavoured
by
a
solid
Vertue
their
real
Happiness
,
and
therefore
in
confidence
of
that
neglected
a
specious
Compliance
with
the
less
beneficial
humours
of
the
Vulgar
:
so
that
the
Multitude
,
who
are
taken
with
things
of
the
lightest
consideration
,
could
not
sufficiently
value
Him
,
being
not
able
to
apprehend
His
worth
:
for
a
Statist
observes
,
Moderate
Princes
are
alwayes
admired
,
but
Heroick
are
never
understood
.
On
particular
Persons
(
if
not
the
sworn
Creatures
of
the
Conspirators
,
and
by
Treason
made
inhumane
)
He
seldom
failed
by
conversing
to
take
them
.
His
Trophies
in
this
kind
,
even
when
He
was
despoiled
of
means
to
bribe
their
hopes
,
were
innumerable
;
and
those
that
engaged
against
Him
ere
they
knew
Him
,
after
their
knowledge
of
Him
did
curse
their
Credulity
and
their
prosperous
Arms.
A
clear
instance
of
this
(
to
mention
no
more
)
was
in
Master
Vines
,
one
of
the
Presbyterian
Ministe●●
who
are
conceived
to
be
too
tenacious
of
a
prejudice
against
those
that
dislike
their
Government
)
that
were
sent
to
dispute
against
Episcopacy
:
for
he
admiring
the
Abilities
of
the
King
which
He
manifested
in
asserting
of
it
,
professed
to
Master
Burroughs
,
(
one
whose
Attendance
the
King
required
,
and
found
him
faithful
to
the
extremest
dangers
in
those
enterprises
in
which
he
several
times
engaged
for
His
Safety
,
)
how
he
had
been
deluded
to
unworthy
thoughts
of
the
King
,
but
was
now
convinced
to
an
exceeding
Reverence
of
Him
,
and
hoped
so
of
others
;
and
earnestly
solicited
those
that
attended
on
Him
,
to
use
all
means
to
rescue
Him
from
the
intended
Villany
of
the
Army
;
saying
,
Our
Happiness
was
great
in
such
a
Prince
;
and
our
Misery
in
the
Loss
of
Him
would
be
unspeakable
.
Yet
He
never
courted
,
although
He
won
them
,
but
His
passage
to
their
hearts
was
through
their
brain
,
and
they
first
Admired
and
then
Loved
Him
.
As
He
was
powerful
to
gain
,
so
He
was
carefull
to
keep
Friends
.
necessary
it
is
for
Princes
to
be
faithfull
,
because
it
is
so
much
their
Interest
that
others
should
not
be
false
.
Though
it
is
a
Mystery
of
Empire
with
other
Kings
to
proportion
their
Faith
to
their
Advantage
,
yet
He
abhorred
to
promise
any
thing
which
He
could
not
Religiously
observe
.
Some
over-sine
Politici
would
have
had
Him
grant
all
the
Desires
of
the
Faction
,
as
the
most
immediate
way
to
their
Ruine
;
for
it
was
supposed
they
could
never
agree
in
dividing
the
Spoil
,
and
their
dissensions
would
have
opened
a
way
for
the
recovery
of
His
abandoned
Rights
.
But
He
was
so
constant
in
all
that
was
good
,
that
He
thought
the
purchase
of
Greatness
too
vile
for
the
breach
of
His
Faith
,
and
He
hated
those
acquisitions
which
would
give
Him
cause
to
blush
.
This
Heroick
Expression
often
fell
from
Him
,
Leave
me
to
My
Conscience
and
Honour
,
and
let
what
will
befall
Me.
His
Enemies
knew
this
so
natural
,
that
if
they
could
make
their
Propositions
repugnant
to
His
Conscience
,
they
were
sure
no
Peace
should
obstruct
their
Designs
.
Nay
,
He
was
faithful
in
those
Stipulations
wherein
their
first
Breach
would
have
justified
a
departure
from
His
Promise
;
though
He
saw
this
Vertue
would
be
rewarded
with
His
Murther
.
For
when
some
of
His
Attendants
at
Carisbrook
daily
importuned
Him
to
provide
for
His
Safety
from
the
perfidious
Violence
of
the
Army
,
which
every
day
they
had
informations
of
,
He
made
this
return
;
Trouble
not
your selves
,
I
have
the
Parliaments
Faith
and
Honour
engaged
for
My
remaining
here
in
Honour
,
Freedom
,
and
Safety
,
and
I
will
not
dishonour
My self
by
Escaping
.
As
He
was
to
the
Publick
so
to
His
Private
Obligations
.
No
assaults
could
take
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
from
His
Protection
:
for
though
His
foreign
Enterprises
required
supplies
of
Money
,
and
the
Faction
would
not
let
the
Bills
for
Subsidies
pass
unless
they
might
be
gratified
with
the
Dukes
blood
,
or
Degradation
from
His
Trust
,
the
King
would
not
buy
them
with
the
Life
or
Dishonour
of
His
Friend
.
And
although
he
fell
afterwards
as
a
Sacrifice
to
the
Common
hate
,
(
for
so
the
Assassinate
pretended
,
that
he
might
give
a
Splendor
to
his
Crime
,
It
being
more
specious
to
revenge
the
Publick
than
private
Injuries
,
)
yet
was
he
not
the
Kings's
Offering
.
In
the
Case
of
the
Earl
of
Strafford
this
Honour
seemed
to
be
clouded
:
But
Posterity
will
see
that
that
Noble
Person
was
rather
ravished
from
Him
,
(
on
design
by
his
Enemies
to
rob
him
of
the
Glory
of
Fidelity
,
)
than
deserted
by
Him
;
for
He
never
left
him
till
the
Earl
did
abandon
himself
.
And
a
Penitence
for
a
Submission
(
not
Consent
)
to
the
Rape
made
a
Satisfaction
for
the
Offence
,
and
repaired
the
damage
of
the
Injury
.
For
His
Majesties
Tears
over
him
will
embalm
and
preserve
his
name
and
blood
to
the
honour
of
Following
Ages
more
than
the
remnant
of
his
dayes
would
have
administred
to
his
Glory
.
It
would
be
an
Injury
to
His
other
Vertues
to
mention
His
Chastity
and
Temperance
,
His
thoughts
had
never
strayed
from
Her
,
and
His
Love
should
be
the
same
to
the
Last
.
The
purity
of
His
Speech
likewise
testified
the
Cleanness
of
His
Heart
,
for
He
did
abhor
all
Obscene
and
wanton
Discourse
.
And
He
was
so
far
from
defiling
the
Beds
,
that
He
would
not
pollute
the
Ears
of
His
Subjects
.
This
Chastity
found
no
Assaults
from
Intemperance
,
for
He
never
fed
to
Luxury
but
Health
.
men
are
curious
to
know
all
,
even
the
minute
Passages
of
Great
and
Vertuous
Persons
.
Being
free
from
Incontinency
and
Intemperance
,
the
gulphs
of
Treasure
and
Drayners
of
the
Largest
Exchequer
,
Good
Princes
chuse
to
be
loved
rather
for
their
Benefits
to
the
Community
than
for
those
to
private
persons
.
And
it
may
be
Vanity
and
Ostentation
,
but
not
Liberality
,
when
the
gifts
of
the
Prince
are
not
proportioned
to
the
Common
Necessity
.
His
sparings
were
like
those
of
Indulgent
Fathers
,
that
His
Subjects
as
Children
might
have
the
more
.
He
never
,
like
subtle
and
rapacious
Kings
,
made
or
pretended
a
Necessity
for
Taxes
,
but
was
troubled
when
He
found
it
.
The
Contributions
of
Parliament
He
esteemed
not
the
increase
of
His
peculiar
Treasure
,
but
the
Provisions
for
the
Common
Safety
,
of
which
He
would
rather
be
accounted
a
Steward
than
a
Lord
.
When
Faction
and
Sedition
so
deluded
the
People
that
they
could
not
see
the
preservation
of
the
whole
consisted
in
contributing
some
small
part
,
He
freely
parted
with
His
own
Inhertance
to
preserve
intire
to
them
the
price
of
their
Sweat
and
Labour
.
As
He
had
these
Moral
Vertues
,
which
are
both
the
signatures
of
Majesty
,
Isle
of
Wight
,
where
He
singly
Disputed
for
Episcopacy
one
whole
day
against
Fifteen
Commissioners
and
their
Four
Chaplains
,
(
the
most
experienced
and
subtle
members
of
all
the
Opposite
Party
)
with
so
much
Acuteness
and
Felicity
,
that
even
His
Opposers
admired
Him
.
He
so
dexterously
managed
His
Discourse
with
the
Ministers
,
that
He
made
it
evident
they
perswaded
Him
to
that
which
they
themselves
judged
unlawfull
,
and
had
condemned
as
Sacriledge
,
when
they
pretended
to
satisfie
the
Scruples
of
His
Conscience
,
and
to
assure
Him
He
might
safely
alienate
the
Church-Lands
.
And
the
Commissioners
sensible
how
unequal
their
Ministers
were
to
discourse
with
Him
,
for
ever
after
silenced
them
,
and
permitted
no
Disputes
but
by
Papers
.
At
that
time
He
exceeded
the
opinion
of
His
friends
about
Him
.
One
of
them
said
in
astonishment
,
that
Certainly
God
had
inspired
Him
.
Another
,
that
His
Majestly
was
to
a
Wonder
improved
by
His
Privacies
and
Afflictions
.
But
a
third
;
that
had
had
the
Honour
of
a
nearer
Service
,
assured
them
that
the
King
was
never
less
,
only
He
had
now
the
opportunity
of
appearing
in
His
full
Magnitude
.
In
the
Law
of
the
Land
He
was
as
knowing
(
as
Himself
said
to
the
Parricides
,
yet
was
no
boaster
of
His
own
Parts
)
as
any
Gentleman
in
England
,
who
did
not
profess
the
Publick
Practice
of
it
:
especially
those
Parts
of
it
which
concerned
the
Commerce
between
King
and
People
.
In
that
Art
which
is
peculiar
to
Princes
,
Reason
of
State
,
He
knew
as
much
as
the
most
prosperous
Contemporary
Kings
,
or
their
most
exercised
Ministers
,
yet
scorned
to
follow
those
Rules
of
it
which
lead
from
the
Paths
of
Justice
.
The
Reserves
that
other
Princes
used
in
their
Leagues
and
Contracts
,
to
colour
the
breaches
of
Faith
,
and
those
inglorious
and
dark
Intrigues
of
subtle
Politicians
,
He
did
perfectly
abhor
:
but
His
Letters
,
Declarations
,
Speeches
,
Meditations
,
are
full
of
that
Political
Wisdom
which
is
consistent
with
Christianity
.
He
had
so
quick
an
Insight
into
these
Mysteries
,
and
so
early
arrived
to
the
Knowledge
of
it
,
that
when
He
was
young
,
and
had
just
gotten
out
of
the
Court
and
Power
of
Spain
,
He
censured
the
weakness
of
that
Mysterious
Council
.
For
He
was
no
sooner
on
Shipboard
,
but
the
first
words
He
spake
were
,
I
discovered
two
Errors
in
those
great
Masters
of
Policy
;
One
that
they
would
use
Me
so
Ill
,
and
another
that
after
such
Vsage
they
permitted
Me
to
Depart
.
As
those
former
parts
of
Knowledge
did
inable
Him
to
know
Men
,
and
how
to
manage
their
different
humours
,
He
thought
He
could
get
His
Living
,
if
Necessitated
,
by
any
Trade
He
knew
of
,
but
making
of
Hangings
:
although
of
these
He
understood
much
,
and
was
greatly
delighted
in
them
;
for
He
brought
some
of
the
most
curious
Workmen
from
Foreign
Parts
to
make
them
here
in
England
.
His
Writings
shew
what
Notions
He
had
gathered
from
the
whole
store
of
Learning
,
For
so
great
an
affection
in
the
Breasts
of
men
do
excellent
Writings
acquire
for
their
Authors
,
that
though
they
may
be
otherwise
blameable
,
yet
their
Works
render
their
Memories
precious
;
and
the
violent
Deaths
of
such
increase
their
Glory
,
while
they
load
their
Murtherers
with
Ignominy
.
All
men
,
especially
among
Posterity
,
deeming
so
great
Wits
could
not
be
cut
off
but
to
the
Publick
Injury
,
and
by
Persons
brutishly
mad
,
or
by
some
horrid
sins
debauched
to
an
Enmity
with
mankind
.
So
that
all
suture
times
shall
admire
and
applaud
His
Writings
against
them
,
and
curse
their
Injustice
to
Him
.
His
Wisdom
was
not
only
Speculative
in
His
Writings
,
but
also
Practical
in
His
Counsels
.
Whensoever
His
Secretaries
had
drawn
up
,
by
the
Direction
of
the
Council
,
Declarations
or
any
other
Papers
,
and
offered
them
to
His
perusal
,
though
both
they
and
the
Council
had
done
their
parts
,
yet
He
would
alwayes
with
His
own
hand
correct
them
both
as
to
Matter
and
Form
;
He
commonly
using
these
words
when
He
took
the
Pen
in
His
hand
,
Come
,
I
am
a
good
Cobler
:
and
the
Corrections
were
acknowledged
by
them
all
to
be
both
for
the
greater
lustre
and
advantage
of
the
Writings
.
His
Instructions
to
His
Ambassadors
,
Commissioners
,
Deputies
,
were
so
full
of
Wisdom
,
and
such
prudent
provisions
for
all
the
Ressorts
of
those
they
were
to
treat
with
,
that
there
was
nothing
to
be
supplyed
on
their
parts
to
make
their
Negotiations
happy
,
but
seasonable
Applications
,
or
a
fortune
to
deal
with
reasonable
men
.
It
was
the
Observation
of
a
Noble
Person
(
who
was
dear
to
Him
for
his
Wisdom
and
Faithluiness
,
and
was
of
His
Council
in
all
His
Troubles
)
that
had
the
King
been
a
Counsellor
to
any
other
Prince
,
He
would
have
gained
the
Esleem
of
an
Oracle
,
all
His
Proposals
being
grounded
upon
the
greatest
Reason
,
and
proper
to
the
Business
consulted
about
.
Those
that
have
been
forward
to
interpret
His
Actions
by
the
Suceess
,
and
from
thence
have
proceeded
to
the
Censure
of
His
Prudence
,
considered
not
the
numerous
Difficulties
in
forming
any
Resolution
,
nor
the
fallacious
representations
of
Affairs
to
Him
,
but
only
looked
upon
His
unprosperous
Resolves
according
to
the
Fate
of
unhappy
Counsels
,
which
is
to
have
that
condemned
which
was
put
in
Execution
,
and
that
praised
as
best
which
was
never
tryed
.
Thus
was
He
made
for
Empire
as
well
as
born
unto
it
;
and
had
all
those
Excellencies
,
which
,
usually
embitters
the
Spirits
of
those
that
are
molested
by
it
)
and
a
total
Overthrow
(
whose
common
Consequent
is
Contempt
)
but
by
so
various
and
such
wicked
Arts
;
and
was
judged
by
all
men
,
though
He
wanted
,
yet
to
deserve
Prosperity
(
as
to
humane
judgement
,
)
which
(
as
some
think
)
is
the
truest
Happiness
.
To
these
Doubts
there
appears
no
Resolution
so
obvious
as
that
into
the
Pleasure
of
the
Divine
Majesty
,
who
provoked
by
our
sins
,
which
had
profaned
his
Mercies
,
and
abused
the
Peace
and
Plenty
he
gave
us
,
would
chastise
us
by
the
scourge
of
Civil
War
,
the
corrective
of
too
much
felicity
,
and
taking
away
the
best
of
Kings
leave
us
to
the
Pride
and
Violence
of
the
basest
of
men
.
And
that
it
was
a
wrath
directed
against
us
was
apparent
,
because
the
misfortunes
and
fall
of
that
Incomparable
Prince
opened
upon
us
an
avenue
for
all
those
miseries
that
a
Community
is
obnoxious
unto
in
the
want
of
a
lawful
Government
,
while
the
Almighty
secured
the
Glory
of
the
King
even
in
His
Sufferings
,
provided
for
the
Support
and
Honour
of
the
Royal
Family
in
its
lowest
Estate
,
and
miraculously
preserved
the
Chief
of
it
from
innumerable
dangers
,
and
made
us
to
see
afterwards
in
the
Series
of
his
Providences
,
that
he
had
not
withdrawn
his
loving-kindness
from
the
House
of
King
CHARLES
,
by
restoring
it
to
its
primitive
Grandeur
.
And
this
he
was
pleased
to
signifie
to
the
King
by
a
Passage
that
appeared
little
less
than
a
Miracle
.
For
while
He
was
at
Oxford
,
and
the
Earl
of
Southampton
,
now
Lord
High-Treasurer
of
England
,
(
a
Person
of
unquestionable
Honour
and
Veracity
,
of
an
eminent
Integrity
,
KING
,
Sir
,
this
Mortar
now
burns
very
clearly
:
at
which
they
both
exceedingly
wondred
,
as
fully
concluding
it
had
been
out
in
the
Night
,
and
they
could
not
imagine
how
any
of
the
Grooms
,
or
any
other
could
possibly
light
it
,
the
Door
being
locked
with
a
Spring
within
.
This
busying
the
wonder
of
both
for
the
present
,
the
King
afterwards
when
He
saw
the
Malice
of
His
Enemies
press
hard
upon
His
Life
and
Ruine
,
reflecting
upon
this
Occurrence
,
drew
it
into
this
Presage
,
That
though
God
would
permit
His
Light
to
be
extinguished
for
a
time
,
yet
He
would
at
last
light
it
again
;
which
was
verified
in
the
Event
:
for
though
God
suffered
the
Faction
to
spill
His
blood
,
yet
after
many
years
of
Troubles
,
and
when
he
had
permitted
those
Monsters
to
bring
us
to
the
brinks
of
destruction
,
he
restored
His
Son
to
the
Crown
in
as
much
Splendour
and
Greatness
as
any
of
His
Predecessors
.
As
His
Abliities
for
the
Publick
Administration
of
Government
were
all
apt
to
raise
Admiration
;
Vicious
Princes
think
a
part
of
Power
and
the
Rewards
of
Publick
Cares
:
but
He
used
this
as
the
way
whereby
the
Antient
Heroes
were
habituated
to
Labours
,
and
by
contending
with
some
beasts
in
Strength
and
others
in
Swiftness
,
first
to
rout
,
then
to
chase
their
flying
Enemies
.
When
the
season
of
the
year
did
not
permit
this
sport
,
then
Tennis
,
Gough
,
Bowls
were
the
wayes
of
His
Diversions
,
and
in
all
these
He
was
wonderfully
active
and
excellent
.
His
softer
pleasures
were
Books
,
and
of
His
time
spent
in
these
there
were
many
Monuments
.
In
His
Library
at
Saint
James's
there
was
kept
a
Collection
of
His
,
of
the
excellent
Sayings
of
Authors
,
written
with
His
own
hand
,
and
in
his
Youth
,
presented
to
His
Father
King
JAMES
:
and
there
is
yet
extant
in
the
hands
of
a
Worthy
Person
,
His
Extracts
written
with
His
own
hand
,
out
of
My
Lord
of
Canterbury's
Book
against
Fisher
,
of
all
the
Arguments
against
the
Papists
,
digested
into
so
excellent
a
Method
,
that
He
gave
Light
and
Strength
to
them
even
while
He
did
epitomise
them
into
a
sheet
or
two
of
Paper
.
The
same
Care
and
Pains
He
had
bestowed
in
reading
the
most
Judicious
Hooker
,
and
the
Learned
Works
of
Bishop
Andrews
,
out
of
all
which
He
had
gathered
whatsoever
was
excellent
in
them
,
and
fitted
them
for
His
ready
use
.
When
He
was
tired
with
Reading
,
then
He
applyed
Himself
to
Discourse
,
wherein
He
both
benefited
Himself
and
others
;
and
He
was
good
at
the
Relation
of
a
Story
,
or
telling
of
an
Occurrence
.
When
these
were
tedious
by
continuance
,
He
would
either
play
at
Chess
,
or
please
Himself
with
His
Pictures
,
of
which
He
had
many
choice
pieces
of
the
best
Masters
,
as
Titian
,
Rafael
,
Tintoret
and
others
,
with
which
He
had
adorned
His
most
frequented
Palaces
,
as
also
with
most
antique
pieces
of
Sculpture
;
so
that
to
those
that
had
travelled
it
seemed
that
Italy
was
Translated
to
His
Court.
As
His
Spirit
was
thus
accomplished
,
so
His
Body
had
its
Elegancies
.
His
Stature
was
of
a
just
height
,
Votes
of
No
Addresses
,
He
permitted
it
to
grow
neglectedly
and
to
cover
more
of
His
face
.
His
Gestures
had
nothing
of
affectation
,
but
full
of
Majestick
Gravity
.
His
motions
were
speedy
,
and
His
gate
fast
:
which
shewed
the
Alacrity
and
Vigour
of
His
Mind
,
for
His
Affections
were
temperate
.
He
was
of
a
most
healthfull
Constitution
,
and
after
the
infirmities
of
His
Childhood
was
never
sick
.
Once
He
had
the
small
Pox
,
but
the
Malignity
of
it
was
so
small
,
that
it
altered
not
His
Stomach
,
nor
put
Him
to
the
abstinence
of
one
Meal
,
neither
did
it
detain
Him
above
a
fortnight
under
the
Care
of
His
Physicians
.
He
was
the
Father
of
Four
Sons
and
Five
Daughters
.
1.
Charles
James
,
born
at
Greenwich
on
Wednesday
,
May
13.
1628.
but
died
almost
as
soon
as
born
,
having
been
first
Christned
.
2.
Charles
Duke
of
Cornwall
and
Prince
of
Wales
,
born
at
Saint
James's
,
May
29.
1630.
whom
,
after
a
fellowship
in
the
Sufferings
of
His
Father
,
some
brave
,
but
unsuccessful
,
attempts
to
recover
the
Rights
of
His
Inheritance
,
and
twelve
years
various
fortune
abroad
,
God
was
pleased
by
a
wonderful
Providence
,
without
blood
or
ruine
,
to
conduct
to
His
Native
Throne
,
and
make
Him
the
Restorer
of
Peace
to
a
People
wearied
and
wasted
,
almost
to
a
Desolation
,
by
several
changes
of
Government
and
Variety
of
reproachful
Usurpers
,
that
they
became
the
Scorn
of
Neighbour●
〈◊〉
Nations
,
and
the
miserable
Example
of
〈…〉
quiet
Community
,
so
torn
in
pieces
by
Factions
in
the
State
,
and
Schisms
in
the
Church
;
each
party
mutually
armed
to
suppress
its
contrary
,
and
destroy
the
publick
,
that
it
was
impossible
for
them
to
re-unite
or
consent
in
common
to
seek
the
benefits
of
Society
,
untill
they
had
submitted
to
Him
as
to
the
common
Soul
,
to
be
governed
by
Him
in
the
paths
of
Justice
.
He
is
now
(
and
long
may
He
be
so
)
our
Dread
Sovereign
CHARLES
II.
3.
James
,
born
in
the
same
place
Octob.
13.
Anno
1633.
entituled
Duke
of
York
by
His
Majesty's
Command
at
His
Birth
,
and
afterwards
so
Created
.
He
was
a
Companion
of
His
Brother
in
Exile
,
spending
His
time
abroad
both
in
the
French
and
Spanish
Camps
with
Glory
,
and
returned
with
Him
into
England
.
4.
Henry
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
born
in
the
same
place
July
8.
1639.
who
after
the
Death
of
His
Father
was
by
the
Parricides
permitted
to
go
beyond
Sea
to
His
Mother
,
with
the
promise
of
an
Annual
Pension
,
which
they
never
intended
to
pay
:
A
very
hopeful
Prince
,
who
resisted
the
strong
practices
of
some
in
the
Queen's
Court
to
seduce
Him
to
the
Church
of
Rome
,
which
His
Brother
hearing
sent
for
Him
into
Flanders
;
and
He
also
attended
Him
to
His
Throne
,
but
not
long
after
died
of
the
Small
Pox
,
Sept.
13.
Anno
1660.
5.
Mary
,
born
on
Novemb.
4.
Anno
1631.
married
to
Count
William
of
Nassau
,
Eldest
Son
to
Henry
Prince
of
Orange
,
by
whom
she
was
left
a
Widow
,
and
a
short
time
after
the
Mother
of
the
now
Prince
of
Orange
;
and
coming
over
to
visit
her
Brothers
and
the
place
of
her
Nativity
,
she
died
also
of
the
Small
Pox
,
Decemb.
24.
Anno
1660.
6.
Elizabeth
,
born
Jan.
28.
Anno
1635.
who
survived
her
Father
,
but
lived
not
to
see
the
Restoring
the
Royal
Family
,
dying
at
Carisbrook
the
place
of
her
Father's
Captivity
,
being
removed
thither
by
the
Murtherers
,
that
the
place
might
raise
a
grief
to
end
her
Dayes
.
7.
Anne
,
born
March
17.
Anno
1637.
died
before
her
Father
.
8.
Katharine
,
who
died
almost
as
soon
as
born
.
9.
Henrietta
,
born
at
Exeter
June
16.
Anno
1644.
in
the
midst
of
the
Wars
,
conveyed
not
long
after
by
the
Lady
Dalkeith
into
France
to
her
Mother
,
and
is
now
married
to
the
Duke
of
Anjou
,
only
Brother
to
the
King
of
France
.
Having
left
this
Issue
He
died
in
the
forty
ninth
year
of
His
Age
,
and
23.
of
His
Reign
,
having
lived
Much
rather
than
Long
,
and
left
so
many
great
and
difficult
Examples
as
will
busie
Good
Princes
to
imitate
,
and
Bad
ones
to
Wonder
at
:
A
man
in
Office
and
mind
like
to
that
Spiritual
Being
,
which
the
more
men
understand
the
more
they
Admire
and
Love
;
and
that
may
be
said
of
Him
which
was
said
of
that
Excellent
Roman
who
sought
Glory
by
Vertue
,
Homo
Virtuti
simillimus
,
&
per
omnia
Ingenio
Diis
quàm
Hominibus
propior
:
Qui
nunquam
rectè
fecit
,
ut
rectè
facere
videretur
;
sed
quia
aliter
facere
non
poterat
:
Cuíque
id
solum
visum
est
Rationem
habere
quod
haberet
Justitiam
.
Omnibus
humanis
vitiis
Immunis
semper
in
Potestate
sua
Fortunam
habuit
.
Vell.
Paterc
.
lib.
2.