The
Antiquity
,
Legality
,
Reason
,
Duty
and
Necessity
of
Prae-emption
and
Pourveyance
,
for
the
King
:
Or
,
Compositions
for
his
Pourveyance
,
as
they
were
used
and
taken
for
the
Provisions
of
the
Kings
Houshold
,
the
small
charge
and
burthen
thereof
to
the
People
,
and
the
many
great
Mischiefs
and
Inconveniences
which
will
inevitably
follow
the
taking
of
them
away
.
THat
wise
Councel
and
Saying
of
Solomon
,
the
wisest
of
Men
as
well
as
Kings
,
To
fear
God
and
honor
the
King
▪
and
not
to
meddle
with
them
who
are
given
to
change
,
should
if
it
were
not
a
part
of
the
Sacred
Volumes
not
be
denied
an
admission
into
every
mans
care
and
observation
to
follow
that
advice
,
as
well
as
to
believe
that
it
is
good
to
do
so
,
when
as
every
Nation
in
the
World
,
in
every
age
and
generation
of
mankind
,
may
by
woful
experience
many
times
acted
over
subscribe
unto
it
,
or
be
ready
to
make
Oath
or
Affidavit
of
the
many
ill
consequences
which
have
very
often
happened
in
the
Tryal
and
event
of
the
contrary
,
and
is
the
more
to
be
followed
in
the
retaining
of
good
Laws
,
or
not
changing
them
upon
Light
,
seldom
,
small
or
inconsiderable
inconveniences
,
for
that
those
antient
and
righteous
Judicial
and
Moral
Laws
of
Moses
written
or
dictated
by
God
himself
,
and
originally
fitted
for
the
Jewish
Government
,
and
the
Manners
and
Customs
of
that
his
Darling
and
beloved
people
,
were
not
certainly
intended
to
Lacquie
,
after
the
humors
,
designs
,
passions
or
Interests
of
men
,
and
those
people
who
were
to
obey
and
observe
them
,
but
to
remain
and
continue
as
fixed
and
permanent
,
as
they
were
good
and
profitable
,
for
otherwise
they
would
not
have
been
commanded
to
be
[
(b)
](A54682-e1330-b)
(b)
Deut.
6
▪
8.9.11.18
.
taught
their
Children
and
after
Generations
,
to
be
laid
up
in
their
hearts
and
their
Souls
,
written
upon
the
Posts
of
their
houses
,
and
on
their
Gates
,
bound
for
a
Sign
upon
their
hands
,
and
as
Frontlets
between
their
eyes
.
For
howsoever
other
Laws
which
have
not
so
divine
an
Original
,
or
not
being
de
jure
Naturae
,
and
drawn
from
that
holy
and
excellent
fountain
of
Scripture
,
are
and
may
upon
a
true
(
not
phantastick
or
imaginary
ballancing
)
and
due
consideration
of
Conveniencies
,
with
Inconvenien●es
,
be
alterable
,
and
either
totally
taken
away
or
reformed
.
Yet
when
the
ages
past
,
and
daily
experiences
,
have
not
only
told
us
,
but
all
the
people
of
the
world
,
that
new
Laws
cannot
give
us
that
certainty
of
their
effects
which
the
old
have
done
,
nor
can
be
like
Christal
,
so
clear
and
transparent
,
as
to
give
us
beforehand
a
liberty
of
discerning
the
effects
hoped
for
,
and
that
experience
is
by
much
a
better
guide
then
hopes
or
expectation
;
we
may
with
som
assurance
of
reason
conclude
that
Licurgus
did
not
ill
to
ordain
that
de
legibus
semel
receptis
&
probatis
disserere
non
liceret
,
that
the
goodness
of
Laws
experimented
,
should
be
honored
rather
then
called
in
question
,
&
did
not
merit
a
repoof
when
for
fear
of
the
Inconstancy
of
the
Lacedemonians
,
or
a
less
understanding
part
of
them
,
he
caus'd
an
oath
[
(c)
](A54682-e1420-b)
(c)
Plutarch
in
vita
Licurgi
.
to
be
taken
,
that
those
Laws
which
he
had
devised
for
them
,
should
not
be
altered
until
his
return
from
Delphos
,
where
or
at
Creet
he
pined
himself
to
death
,
to
make
them
perpetual
,
and
that
Solon
was
not
likewise
to
be
blamed
,
in
imitating
him
so
far
as
to
ordain
an
Oath
to
be
taken
by
the
people
of
Athens
[
(d)
](A54682-e1480-b)
(d)
Plutarch
in
vita
Solonis
.
not
to
change
the
Laws
which
he
had
ordained
for
them
,
but
would
rather
endure
a
ten
years
absence
,
not
much
unlike
a
banishment
from
that
his
beloved
country
,
because
he
would
not
give
them
any
occasion
or
temptation
of
changing
them
,
and
that
our
late
Factious
and
ignorant
Legislators
have
been
far
exceeded
and
outgone
by
the
inferior
and
overwise
seeming
Members
,
or
parts
of
the
body
natural
,
represented
in
Menenius
Agrippa's
happy
Fable
to
the
seditious
Romans
of
the
mutiny
of
the
Members
of
the
body
natural
,
against
the
Belly
or
Paunch
thereof
who
did
not
in
all
that
contention
and
desire
of
some
better
(
as
they
thought
)
order
to
be
enacted
betwixt
it
and
the
Members
,
many
of
them
having
several
intents
and
interests
,
propose
as
our
late
Giddy
Reformers
have
done
any
thing
against
the
Soveraignity
or
Supremacy
of
the
Head
,
or
to
dislocate
or
cast
it
into
a
meaner
scituation
or
condition
amongst
its
inferiors
,
upon
pretence
that
it
might
be
more
serviceable
if
it
were
placed
in
a
Co-ordination
,
in
the
middle
of
the
body
,
or
to
reside
nearer
the
Belly
or
Feet
,
and
be
a
Concomitant
of
them
and
their
more
ignoble
Offices
would
conduce
to
a
better
Reiglement
of
the
affairs
of
the
Belly
,
and
the
rest
of
the
inferior
Members
,
or
a
more
even
walking
,
or
at
least
not
so
often
stumbling
of
the
Feet
,
and
prevent
many
a
prejudice
to
those
now
more
remote
parts
from
its
ordinary
care
and
protection
.
And
we
cannot
therefore
without
some
wonder
,
contemplate
the
vast
difference
which
appears
to
have
been
betwixt
all
the
heretofore
popular
Pretences
,
and
intended
Reformations
of
the
Athenian
and
Spartan
Commonwealths
now
sufficiently
quieted
and
purged
of
those
humors
by
a
Turkish
Tyranny
,
and
that
of
the
Romans
in
their
many
Tumults
and
Seditions
under
their
many
several
sorts
of
Governments
,
and
our
godly
(
as
they
called
themselves
)
Reformers
of
laws
,
&
amenders
of
male
administration
(
as
they
supposed
)
in
Government
,
when
as
those
Greeks
and
Romans
being
Heathens
,
could
pursue
their
ends
without
rapine
and
plundering
of
their
fellow
citizens
,
but
our
men
of
Ignorance
and
Innovation
,
could
in
their
vertigo
and
overturning
of
Kingdoms
and
good
Laws
,
finde
the
way
to
all
manner
of
Ravage
Rapine
and
Injustice
,
to
enrich
and
advance
themselves
by
that
great
gain
and
spoil
which
they
met
with
,
by
the
alteration
of
Laws
,
and
invadeing
their
Neighbors
and
other
mens
Proprieties
.
And
at
the
same
time
when
they
made
their
Jugling
self
denying
Ordinanc●
,
and
pretended
so
much
to
Revelations
and
Gifts
extraordinary
could
think
of
nothing
more
then
making
themselves
great
by
the
ruine
of
their
betters
,
the
afflictions
of
the
poor
and
needy
,
the
Widdows
and
Fatherless
.
And
rather
then
faile
of
their
prey
which
had
such
a
pleasant
Haut-goust
or
relish
cooked
and
palated
for
them
by
the
Devil
,
would
pretend
all
our
Laws
and
good
and
reasonable
Customs
to
be
as
bad
as
they
were
antient
,
and
rather
call
their
Fore-fathers
fools
for
enacting
or
permitting
them
,
then
acknowledge
those
Excellencies
,
Reason
,
Justice
and
Goodness
,
which
were
every
where
to
be
found
in
them
,
as
if
more
then
six
thousand
years
of
the
Worlds
age
already
past
,
were
not
time
enough
to
teach
mankind
necessary
helps
for
its
well
being
and
preservation
;
or
as
if
God
having
given
man
a
reasonable
Soul
,
endued
with
all
those
eminent
faculties
which
he
communicated
unto
it
,
had
confined
the
right
use
of
them
to
the
later
part
,
decrepit
,
and
old
age
only
of
the
world
,
and
permitted
all
the
experiments
of
the
long
lived
Patriarches
,
and
their
succeeding
Generations
,
and
all
the
Rules
of
Prudence
and
Wisdom
,
which
the
former
ages
had
observed
and
found
to
be
good
and
useful
for
the
sons
of
men
,
to
be
so
bound
up
in
the
bundles
of
vanity
,
or
not
worth
the
heeding
,
as
every
Chimaera
or
Megrum
of
the
less
understanding
▪
and
more
distempered
part
of
the
people
should
be
better
and
more
to
be
followed
,
and
therefore
to
be
taken
in
and
receive
as
great
an
entertainment
and
applause
as
the
Children
of
Israel
did
their
Golden
Calfe
with
shouts
and
acclamations
,
whilst
Moses
as
they
thought
had
tarried
too
long
with
God
Almighty
in
the
Mount
,
for
his
direction
in
the
making
of
Laws
,
or
as
the
Romans
did
the
more
to
be
respected
,
twelve
Tables
of
Laws
then
those
of
their
Mechanick
and
vulgar
Judgements
and
reasonings
which
the
wiser
and
more
noble
,
not
the
illiterate
and
foolisher
sort
of
their
Citizens
and
people
had
learned
,
well
considered
,
and
brought
home
from
Athens
and
other
cities
of
Greece
,
as
fit
to
be
observed
or
imitated
.
When
as
it
might
rather
be
remembred
that
God
in
his
infinite
mercy
,
to
the
works
of
his
own
hands
,
did
so
early
distribute
the
Beams
of
his
Right
Reason
and
Illumination
,
as
the
days
of
old
were
not
without
wisdom
,
which
being
from
everlasting
and
rejoycing
afterwards
in
[
(e)
](A54682-e1830-b)
(e)
Prov.
8.31
.
the
habitable
parts
of
the
Earth
,
her
delights
were
with
the
sons
of
men
.
And
therefore
Jeremy
no
Fanatique
or
man
of
an
Imaginary
or
self conceited
mistaken
holiness
,
but
inspired
by
God
Almighty
,
and
filled
with
the
wisdom
from
above
,
did
not
tell
us
as
many
of
our
Novelists
and
Commonwealth-mongers
,
and
the
would
be
wise
of
the
Rota's
or
Coffee-houses
would
make
us
believe
that
all
the
succesful
experiments
which
the
long
lived
world
had
approved
to
be
right
reason
,
were
either
burthensome
or
oppressive
,
and
not
to
be
any
longer
esteemed
,
or
that
the
paths
of
wisdom
were
worne
out
,
and
not
at
all
to
be
walked
in
,
but
with
a
thus
saith
the
Lord
,
enjoyned
us
,
as
if
there
and
no
where
else
it
were
to
be
found
to
stand
in
the
[
(f)
](A54682-e1950-b)
(f)
Jeremy
.
6.16
.
ways
,
and
see
and
ask
for
the
old
Paths
,
where
is
the
good
way
,
and
walk
therein
.
But
that
would
have
been
to
their
loss
,
and
rather
then
faile
of
their
purpose
,
or
forsake
their
beloved
ignorant
intermedling
in
Government
,
they
could
never
think
any
thing
to
be
well
,
until
they
had
made
all
things
ill
,
and
like
Children
,
would
have
liberty
to
do
what
they
list
,
which
would
do
them
as
much
good
,
as
the
liberties
of
their
misusing
the
power
of
the
Sword
,
or
in
medling
in
matters
too
high
for
them
,
did
in
these
last
unhappy
Twenty
years
,
and
as
little
conduce
to
the
publick
,
or
their
own
good
and
safetie
,
as
for
Children
to
be
permitted
the
use
of
Swords
or
Pistol●
,
whereby
to
kill
and
mischief
one
another
,
or
of
fire
to
burn
themselves
,
or
set
their
Parents
houses
on
fire
,
or
as
they
are
said
to
do
in
Gonzaguas
new
discovered
world
in
the
Moon
,
to
govern
their
parents
,
cannot
finde
the
way
to
obey
Laws
and
reasonable
Customs
,
unless
their
narrow
Capaci●ies
,
or
small
Understandings
may
apprehend
the
cause
of
it
,
the
reason
of
it
must
like
the
Lesbian
rule
be
made
to
be
as
they
why●●sie
or
fancie
it
,
and
obedience
to
Kings
or
Laws
,
cut
out
to
their
Interest
and
Conveniencies
.
And
will
not
believe
that
they
have
Liberties
enough
unlesse
like
Swyne
got
into
a
Garden
,
they
may
foule
and
root
up
all
that
is
good
and
beautifull
in
it
.
And
with
their
cries
and
gruntings
could
never
be
at
quiet
until
they
had
trampled
upon
Monarchy
,
and
the
majesty
and
loveliness
of
it
,
digged
up
the
Gardens
of
Spices
,
and
stopped
the
streams
of
our
Lebanus
.
And
the
late
blessed
Martir
King
Charles
the
First
,
was
no
sooner
in
the
defence
of
our
Magna
Charta
,
and
the
Lawes
and
Liberties
of
England
murdered
,
but
they
and
their
Partisans
must
frame
a
Commonwealth
,
and
pretend
a
necessity
thereof
for
avoiding
the
intollerable
(
as
they
falsely
called
them
)
burdens
and
oppressions
of
the
people
amongst
which
is
ranked
that
great
and
most
notorious
piece
of
untruth
,
that
the
Cart-taking
for
the
King
,
impoverished
many
of
the
people
,
and
that
the
Pourveyance
cost
the
Country
more
in
one
year
then
their
Assessments
to
the
Army
,
which
with
other
matters
contained
in
that
most
untrue
and
malicious
Declaration
of
the
Parliament
of
England
,
as
they
then
called
themselves
,
beraing
date
the
17.
day
of
March
1648.
are
more
against
truth
or
any
mans
understanding
,
then
the
tale
of
Garagantua's
mighty
mouth
and
stomach
of
eating
three
hundred
fat
Oxen
at
a
meal
,
and
having
five
or
six
men
to
throw
mustard
into
his
mouth
with
shovels
:
And
as
false
as
it
was
,
must
for
an
edium
to
the
late
King
,
and
his
Monarchicall
Government
,
be
translated
into
Latine
,
and
sent
and
dispersed
by
their
Emissaries
into
all
the
parts
of
the
Christian
world
:
And
from
thence
or
some
of
the
other
,
I
may
not
say
causes
,
but
incentives
or
delusions
,
the
people
,
too
many
of
whom
were
inticed
or
made
to
believe
any
thing
though
never
so
much
against
truth
,
reason
,
common
sense
and
their
own
knowledge
,
must
be
taught
;
for
they
could
of
themselves
not
find
any
cause
to
complain
of
it
,
to
believe
that
Declaration
to
be
true
,
to
the
end
that
whilst
they
did
then
bear
and
had
long
before
endured
very
great
assessements
and
burdens
they
might
be
enabled
,
and
be
the
better
in
breath
to
sustein
for
many
years
more
a
seaventy
▪
and
sometimes
a
ninty
,
and
not
seldome
one
hundred
and
twenty
thousand
pounds
monethly
Taxes
and
Assessments
,
besides
many
other
greater
impoverishments
and
oppressions
,
obedience
must
be
called
a
burden
,
every
thing
but
ruining
honest
men
,
and
destroying
of
Loyaltie
an
oppression
,
and
every
thing
but
vice
and
cheating
to
maintain
it
a
grievance
,
for
the
Truths
sake
,
therefore
which
every
good
and
honest
man
is
bound
to
submit
unto
,
and
de●end
,
and
in
vindication
of
his
late
Sacred
Majesty
,
and
the
Laws
and
Honor
of
my
Country
,
the
too
much
abused
England
by
such
Tricks
and
Villanies
,
and
upon
no
other
motive
,
byasse
,
or
concernment
,
but
to
make
that
scandal
which
only
becomes
the
Father
of
Lyes
,
and
the
causelesness
of
that
complaint
appear
in
their
Deformities
and
proper
colours
.
I
shall
by
an
enquiry
and
search
for
the
Original
and
Antiquity
of
Royal
Pourveyance
,
as
to
the
furnishing
of
several
sorts
of
Provision
for
the
Kings
House
and
Stable
,
at
a
small
or
lesser
rate
then
the
markets
,
and
a
praeemption
for
those
or
the
like
purposes
used
in
this
and
most
Nations
of
the
World
,
bring
before
the
Reader
the
Laws
and
Acts
of
Parliament
in
England
,
allowing
it
the
Legality
,
Reason
,
Necessity
,
and
right
use
of
it
,
the
small
charge
and
burden
of
it
,
and
the
consequences
which
will
inevitably
follow
the
takeing
of
it
away
,
which
we
hope
will
remove
the
ill
opinion
which
some
worthy
men
heretofore
,
by
reason
of
an
abuse
or
misusage
only
,
and
some
very
learned
men
of
late
misled
by
them
,
have
had
of
it
.
CHAP.
I.
The
Antiquity
of
Regal
Pourveyance
and
Praeemption
,
for
the
maintenance
of
the
Kings
Houses
,
Navy
,
Castles
,
&
Garrisons
,
attended
by
a
Jus
Gentium
,
and
reasonable
Customs
,
of
the
most
or
better
part
of
other
Nations
.
WHich
being
not
here
intended
or
understood
to
be
by
an
invadeing
of
the
peoples
Rights
and
Properties
in
their
moveables
or
immovables
,
but
a
receiving
or
imposing
of
that
which
publick
welfare
,
and
the
contracts
or
respects
of
Subjects
in
general
or
particular
have
for
benefits
received
,
and
to
be
continued
,
reduced
into
reasonable
Customs
,
and
made
to
be
as
a
most
ready
and
willing
Tribute
,
Oblations
,
or
Duty
to
their
Kings
and
Princes
,
may
go
as
high
as
Filial
duty
and
Paternity
,
and
a
retribution
or
gratitude
for
the
peace
and
plenty
which
their
Subjects
and
people
enjoy
under
their
Government
,
Love
,
Honor
,
and
Reverence
for
their
Protection
and
self
Preservation
,
publick
weal
and
safety
,
and
of
every
mans
particular
included
in
the
General
,
and
was
to
be
found
in
the
[
(g)
](A54682-e2330-b)
(g)
Genesis
43.24
.
&
26.
morning
of
the
world
,
as
well
as
in
the
afternoon
and
evening
of
it
;
when
as
Joseph
relieving
the
Egyptians
necessity
,
which
a
national
Famine
had
brought
upon
them
,
gave
them
Lands
and
Seed-Corn
to
sow
it
,
that
they
might
have
food
for
their
Housholds
and
little
ones
,
and
made
a
Law
over
the
Land
of
Egypt
to
this
day
,
that
the
King
▪
should
have
the
Fifth
part
(
of
the
yearly
profits
)
except
the
land
of
the
Priests
only
which
became
not
Pharaohs
:
And
in
the
Reign
of
King
David
,
when
the
Moabites
[
(h)
](A54682-e2450-b)
(h)
1
Sam.
25.
2
Sam.
8.
being
become
his
Subjects
sent
him
Guifts
,
and
Shobi
the
Son
of
Nahash
and
Rabbab
of
the
Children
of
Ammon
,
and
Machir
the
Son
of
Ammiel
of
Lodebar
and
Barzillai
,
the
Gileadite
of
Rogelim
,
in
his
sorrowfull
march
against
his
Son
Absolom
,
brought
Beds
and
Basins
,
Earthen
Vessels
,
Wheat
and
Barley
,
Floure
,
Parched
Corn
,
Beans
,
Lentils
Parched
,
Honey
,
Butter
,
Sheep
and
Cheese
of
Kyne
,
for
David
and
the
people
;
and
in
all
or
most
of
the
Circumstances
of
what
was
lately
used
in
England
,
was
no
stranger
in
the
happy
and
famous
Government
of
King
Solomon
the
wisest
of
men
[
(i)
](A54682-e2630-b)
(i)
2
Sam.
1.17
whose
wisdom
excelled
the
wisdom
of
all
the
East
Country
,
and
all
the
wisdom
of
Egypt
,
for
besides
the
Victuals
and
Provision
which
his
twelve
great
Officers
or
Socage
Tenants
provided
for
him
and
all
that
came
unto
his
Table
;
all
the
Kingdoms
which
he
reigned
over
from
the
River
(
of
Euphrates
)
unto
the
Land
of
the
Philistines
,
and
unto
the
border
of
Egypt
,
and
all
other
his
Dominions
[
(k)
](A54682-e2710-b)
(k)
1
Reg.
4
▪
21
,
22
,
23.
brought
Presents
unto
him
,
and
his
prouision
for
one
day
,
was
thirty
measures
of
fine
Floure
,
threescore
measures
of
meal
,
ten
fat
Oxen
,
Twenty
Oxen
out
of
the
Pastures
,
and
an
hundred
sheep
,
besides
Harts
,
Roe
Bucks
,
Fallow
Deer
,
and
fatted
Fowl
.
And
all
the
Earth
sought
to
Solomon
,
to
hear
his
wisdom
which
God
had
put
in
his
heart
,
and
they
brought
every
man
his
present
,
Vessels
of
Silver
,
Vessels
of
Gold
,
Garments
,
Armour
,
Spices
,
Horses
and
Mules
,
a
rate
year
by
year
;
[
(l)
](A54682-e2740-b)
(l)
1
Reg.
10.24
,
25.
And
he
raised
a
Levy
out
of
all
Israel
,
and
the
Levy
was
thirty
thousand
men
,
and
sent
them
to
Lebanon
,
as
workmen
,
ten
Thousand
a
month
by
course
,
and
two
months
at
home
,
and
Judah
and
Israel
were
many
,
as
is
the
sand
which
is
by
the
Sea
in
multitude
,
eating
and
drinking
,
and
making
merry
▪
and
dwelt
safely
every
man
under
his
own
Vine
,
and
under
his
Figg
Tree
,
from
Dan
even
unto
Beer-Sheba
all
the
days
of
Solomon
,
and
as
[
(m)
](A54682-e2770-b)
(m)
Josephus
de
〈◊〉
.
Jud.
lib.
8.
Josephus
saith
,
had
Tribute
Gatherers
over
the
Syrians
,
who
brought
him
Provision
towards
the
keeping
of
his
house
&
horses
.
Mesha
King
of
Moab
,
rendred
unto
Ahab
King
of
Israel
,
[
(n)
](A54682-e2850-b)
(n)
2
Reg.
3.
a
Tribute
of
one
hundred
Thousand
Lambs
,
and
an
hundred
Thousand
Rams
with
the
wool
,
some
of
the
Philistines
brought
Jehosophat
King
of
Judah
,
Presents
and
Tribute
Silver
,
and
the
Arabians
brought
him
Flocks
,
[
()
](A54682-e2930-b)
()
Chron.
16.
seven
thousand
Rams
,
and
seven
hundred
Hee-goats
.
And
in
the
measure
and
description
of
the
Holy
City
,
shewed
to
the
Prophet
Ezekiel
,
in
the
Twenty
Fifth
year
of
Jehoiakims
Captivity
[
(p)
](A54682-e2980-b)
(p)
Ezekiel
45.
&
48.
a
portion
of
the
City
and
Suburbs
and
Oblations
were
appointed
for
the
Prince
.
Which
custom
or
right
due
to
the
Kings
or
Governors
,
was
not
after
the
long
and
lamentable
Captivity
of
the
Children
of
Israel
,
at
their
return
and
building
of
Jerusalem
,
either
forgotten
or
thought
fit
to
be
laid
aside
,
when
as
the
Righteous
Nehemiah
,
considering
the
necessities
of
the
people
,
refused
the
bread
of
the
Governor
,
[
(q)
](A54682-e3080-b)
(q)
Nehemiah
5.18
.
and
that
which
was
prepared
for
him
daily
,
which
was
one
Oxe
and
six
thousand
sheep
,
and
also
Fowls
,
and
once
in
ten
days
,
store
of
all
sorts
of
wine
.
Nor
was
that
usage
and
way
of
remuneration
to
Superiors
,
confined
only
to
the
pedagoguie
of
the
Jews
,
under
the
Severities
of
their
Mosaical
Laws
,
or
their
being
so
much
weaned
from
avarice
or
selfishnes
by
their
remissions
in
their
years
of
Jubile
their
many
oblations
,
free-will
,
offerings
,
and
chargeable
Sacrifices
,
and
no
less
a
penaltie
then
death
ordained
for
not
obeying
their
Princes
or
Magistrates
,
but
was
by
a
light
of
nature
and
emanation
of
right
Reason
,
some
way
or
other
brought
or
carried
to
the
Greeks
,
no
despisers
of
wisdom
or
prudential
imitations
.
Agamemnon
at
the
siege
of
Troy
,
was
able
to
treat
the
chief
of
[
(r)
](A54682-e3190-b)
(r)
Hom.
Iliad
.
the
Grecian
Army
in
his
Tent
,
with
all
fitting
provisions
;
And
Eustathius
the
Scoliast
saith
that
the
King
had
,
at
the
devision
of
any
spoils
,
an
extraordinary
share
assigned
him
for
such
entertainments
.
The
Spartan
Kings
had
in
all
Sacrifices
the
Chynes
and
the
skins
for
their
honorary
Fees
(
as
amongst
the
Hebrews
,
the
Priests
had
the
shoulders
)
and
in
that
popular
rustick
and
unmanerly
Commonwealth
of
the
[
(s)
](A54682-e3260-b)
(s)
Boemus
de
moribus
Gentium
.
Lacedemonians
,
their
Kings
even
in
the
time
of
their
insolent
Ephori
,
who
dominered
over
them
,
and
when
they
lived
and
were
maintained
ex
publico
,
out
of
the
publick
,
could
not
be
denied
by
the
Laws
of
Lycurgus
in
egressibus
,
their
marches
or
progresses
,
capere
quaecunque
pecora
libuerit
,
to
take
what
Cattel
they
pleased
,
Et
singulis
quoque
Calendis
,
mensium
singula
pecora
eis
,
è
publico
data
fuerint
.
And
in
the
Calends
of
every
month
,
the
people
gave
or
presented
Cattel
unto
them
,
Apollini
immolanda
,
to
sacrifice
to
Apollo
,
and
when
their
Pythii
,
or
those
two
whom
the
Kings
did
use
upon
occasions
,
to
send
to
Delphos
to
consult
the
Oracle
,
were
publickly
to
eat
with
them
,
Regibus
ad
Caenam
non
euntibus
binae
Chaenices
,
id
est
Semimodia
Farinae
&
uni
singulae
Cotylae
,
(
i.
e.
)
sextarii
presentibus
dupla
data
fuerint
,
if
the
Kings
,
(
for
sometimes
they
had
two
)
came
not
to
the
place
appointed
to
eat
with
the
Pythii
,
certain
large
proportions
of
meat
,
wine
,
and
other
Provisions
were
sent
them
,
and
when
they
did
come
,
had
a
double
proportion
,
more
then
the
Pythii
,
allowed
them
.
The
Athenians
whilst
they
were
a
Republick
,
highly
valuing
,
and
carefully
preserving
their
Liberties
,
had
their
Tolls
and
vectigalia
publica
,
their
Senators
as
well
as
their
Judges
having
an
allowance
or
pensions
out
of
them
and
their
Sitophilaces
and
Frumentatores
or
Overseers
of
the
Corn
,
were
able
to
take
care
of
the
Provision
of
Corn
,
quod
in
atticum
emperium
adveheretur
,
duas
partes
in
urbem
mercatores
deferre
cogerent
,
that
two
parts
of
the
Corn
which
should
be
brought
to
[
(t)
](A54682-e3480-b)
(t)
Sigonius
d●
Repub.
Athen.
540.
&
541.
Eudaeus
in
Pandect.
192.
Athens
,
should
be
by
the
Merchants
brought
into
the
City
.
By
the
Pattern
whereof
,
or
from
the
Laws
of
Nature
and
right
Reason
,
the
Romans
in
the
greatest
opinion
and
rufle
of
their
Liberties
,
were
not
also
without
their
vectigalia
,
quae
ex
importatione
&
exportatione
rerum
vaenalium
capiabantur
,
Imposts
for
the
import
and
export
of
things
to
be
sold
,
and
besides
the
[
(u)
](A54682-e3560-b)
(u)
App●an
.
l.
1.
decumamanum
frumenti
,
thei●
Tenth
or
Tithes
of
the
Husband-mens
Corne
,
which
was
delivered
unto
them
,
the
Magistrates
had
sine
pretio
,
freely
and
without
recompence
their
emptum
,
or
that
which
was
bought
for
a
certain
sum
of
money
,
or
at
a
rate
[
(x)
](A54682-e3610-b)
(x)
Rasinus
de
antiquitate
Rom.
993.
quam
Aratores
vendere
accepto
ex
S.
C
t●
.
pretio
cogebantur
quod
frumentum
Romam
ad
alendum
populum
a
magistratibus
Romanis
mittebatur
,
which
the
Farmers
being
compelled
by
the
Law
or
order
of
the
Senate
to
take
a
certain
price
for
,
was
sent
by
the
Magistrates
to
Rome
,
to
feed
or
nourish
the
people
,
[
(y)
](A54682-e3670-b)
(y)
Pancirollus
Comment
in
notitiam
imperii
occidentis
,
ca.
5.
Tenebantur
Campani
,
Samnites
,
Lucani
,
B●utii
&
Tusci
,
aliqui
unam
&
semis
,
alii
,
duas
decimas
pecorum
quas
alebant
populo
Romano
exhibere
,
the
Campanians
,
Samnites
,
Lucani
,
Brutians
,
and
the
people
of
Tuscany
,
were
bound
yearly
to
send
to
Rome
,
some
one
and
a
half
,
others
two
Tenths
of
their
Cattle
,
which
they
bred
pro
Annona
for
their
provision
,
and
had
also
that
which
was
called
[
(z)
](A54682-e3740-b)
(z)
Rosinus
de
Antiqu●tat
.
Rom
ca.
14.24
.
&
lib.
10.
c.
22.
Estimatū
quia
estimaba●
magistratus
&
in
cell●̄
suā
in
usū
familiae
suae
asportabatur
,
because
that
according
to
the
Magistrates
rate
,
it
was
brought
into
their
Houses
o●
Granaries
▪
&
interdū
prò
frumēt●
pecuniā
acciperent
,
&
was
sometimes
released
or
discharged
for
money
,
did
usually
impress
workmen
and
many
things
necessary
to
the
building
of
Forts
or
Castles
,
or
other
uses
in
their
Military
&
Publick
affairs
,
their
Consuls
had
at
their
coming
into
their
Provinces
,
honoraria
,
or
Presents
Honoris
loco
in
respect
and
honor
done
unto
them
,
and
did
at
their
coming
into
a
Province
▪
as
L.
Posthumus
Albinus
the
Consul
did
,
litteras
mittere
ut
sibi
magistratus
obviam
exirent
locum
publice
pararent
in
quo
diverterentur
jumentaquè
cum
exirent
,
inde
praesto
essent
,
send
their
Mandate
or
Letters
to
the
Magistrate
,
requiring
him
to
meet
them
,
and
provide
a
Lodging
and
Carriages
to
be
ready
when
he
should
depart
.
And
besides
other
Tributes
,
imposed
upon
Countries
[
(a)
](A54682-e3840-b)
(a)
Annotations
upon
Tacitus
.
subdued
,
had
a
portion
in
Corn
,
commonly
the
Tenth
part
,
be-besides
other
necessaries
for
the
Provision
of
the
Lieutenant
and
Soldiers
maintained
there
,
and
for
other
like
purposes
at
a
reasonable
price
.
Julius
Caesar
being
Consul
with
Tibullus
,
anno
urbis
conditae
691.
made
a
Law
that
when
any
Magistrates
of
Rome
,
passed
by
any
Province
,
the
people
should
furnish
them
with
Hay
and
Victuals
.
[
(b)
](A54682-e3890-b)
(b)
L.
Julia
de
Magistratibus
.
Et
Angariarum
&
Parangariarum
praestatio
inter
Vectigalia
quae
Regalia
dicuntur
annumeratur
quia
ea
Regis
aut
Imperatoris
jura
propria
sunt
cum
olim
eo
nomine
significarentur
munera
onerum
vehendorum
provincialibus
imposita
,
and
Cart-taking
or
pressing
of
ships
,
carts
and
horses
,
were
under
the
names
of
Angaria
and
Parangaria
,
not
infrequently
taken
to
be
Regalities
and
Rights
due
to
Emperors
,
Kings
or
Princes
,
who
had
their
Annonarii
&
praefecti
Annonae
,
Surveyors
or
Pourveyors
of
Corn
,
and
in
times
of
dearth
did
cause
it
to
be
given
to
the
people
without
money
.
[
(c)
](A54682-e3950-b)
(c)
Cod.
tit
.
de
cursu
publico
Ant.
Thisius
de
celebero
Rep●b
.
Jus
quoque
Angariarum
&
Parangariarum
supremus
habet
magistratus
quo
jure
necessitas
incumbit
equos
plaustra
naves
prestandi
,
the
power
of
pressing
horses
,
carts
or
ships
belongeth
to
the
Supream
Magistrate
,
and
there
is
by
Law
,
a
necessity
of
furnishing
them
.
In
the
time
of
Trajan
the
Emperor
,
who
for
his
goodness
and
excellent
Government
was
called
herba
parietaria
,
the
wall
Flower
,
and
deliciae
hominum
,
the
delight
of
his
people
,
presides
provinciarum
evectiones
dabant
,
did
licence
or
did
give
warrant
for
the
taking
of
carts
and
horses
,
and
then
and
afterwards
,
Tributa
&
species
ex
Provinciis
exactae
ad
aulam
principis
in
Rhedis
&
Jumentis
cursus
publici
transferebantur
,
the
Tributes
and
Provisions
gathered
in
the
Provinces
,
were
by
Carriages
and
the
Horses
of
the
publick
,
carried
to
the
Palace
of
the
Prince
,
or
to
his
Army
,
insomuch
as
si
immunitas
aliquibus
concedatur
neque
ab
Annona
,
neque
ab
Angariis
,
neque
veredo
excusari
possunt
nullusque
ab
hoc
onere
nec
Ecclesia
excusabatur
[
(d)
](A54682-e4050-b)
(d)
Pancirol
.
in
no●itiā
utriusque
Imperii
ca.
6.
in
the
Grants
of
exemptions
or
immunities
,
Pourveyance
and
Cart-taking
were
not
to
be
included
,
for
that
none
,
nor
the
Church
it self
were
to
be
excused
from
such
duties
,
whence
ships
as
Vlpian
saith
came
to
be
arrested
by
Princes
,
and
imployed
for
publick
use
,
and
Simon
of
Cirene
was
made
to
carry
the
Cross
of
our
Blessed
Saviour
,
[
(e)
](A54682-e4100-b)
(e)
Maranta
speculum
aureum
parte
6.
de
executione
sententiae
.
Judex
pro
Justicia
exequenda
capere
potest
Asinum
vel
Equum
,
vel
currum
a
subdito
ut
cum
eo
ducatur
malefactor
ad
supplicium
,
a
Judge
in
order
to
Justice
,
and
to
carry
a
malefactor
to
execution
,
may
command
a
mans
horse
,
asse
,
or
cart
to
be
taken
,
and
likewise
,
officialis
pro
servicio
publico
potest
capere
jumentum
alienum
pro
mittendis
victualibus
in
exercitum
,
vel
pro
servicio
[
(f)
](A54682-e4150-b)
(f)
Bart.
in
l.
jubemus
u●
nullam
navem
1●
in
princip
.
Regis
vel
Baronis
,
aut
facere
mandatum
de
persona
,
&
semper
debet
dari
salarium
angariato
constitutum
,
an
Officer
may
for
the
service
of
the
publick
imprest
,
another
mans
horse
,
and
himself
also
,
to
carry
victuals
to
the
Army
,
or
for
the
service
of
the
King
,
or
a
Baron
,
giving
the
Salary
or
rate
allowed
,
the
Presides
or
Governors
of
Provinces
[
(g)
](A54682-e4200-b)
(g)
Novel
.
Majoran
.
tit.
1.
de
Curialibus
.
euntes
ad
aliquam
civitatem
unam
tantum
angariam
&
duos
paranedos
&
totidem
officium
petere
possunt
,
in
their
Journey
to
any
city
or
town
,
might
imprest
one
Carriage
and
two
Palfreys
.
Et
ita
invaluerunt
istae
consuetudines
,
and
so
strong
such
or
the
like
customs
came
to
be
,
as
the
Emperors
Theodosius
and
Valentinianus
did
in
their
Rescripts
order
that
Cujat
.
tit.
48.
ad
librum
10.
Cod.
Justinian.
1429.
ubi
iter
arripimus
omnes
debeant
solita
ministeria
exhiberi
&
neminem
ab
Angariis
Parangariis
vel
plaustris
,
vel
quolibet
munere
exc●sari
,
when
they
were
to
make
any
expedition
or
progress
,
every
man
should
in
all
Provinces
or
places
,
through
which
they
should
pass
,
perform
their
accustomed
duties
,
&
that
no
man
should
be
excused
from
furnishing
of
Carts
or
from
other
payments
or
services
.
And
did
upon
some
complaints
,
that
messengers
sent
into
the
Provinces
,
to
carry
tydings
of
Victories
,
Leagues
or
publique
Joyes
,
did
take
too
much
for
the
Pourveyance
,
or
si
sacros
vultus
inhiantibus
forte
populis
inferimus
,
when
the
Emperors
should
themselves
bless
the
people
with
their
presence
in
their
Progress
,
did
ordain
Cujacius
Commentar
&
Expositio
Novel
.
tit.
63.
ne
quid
accipiant
immodicum
▪
that
they
should
not
be
unreasonable
or
immoderate
in
it
.
And
the
Emperor
Leo
did
ordain
that
no
man
should
deny
his
Service
in
murorum
extructione
seu
comparatione
frumenti
aliarumque
specierum
,
for
the
building
of
walls
,
providing
of
Corn
and
other
Provisions
.
Upon
a
remission
of
some
Tribute
by
the
Emperor
Valentinianus
to
Numidia
,
&
both
the
Mauritania's
quatuor
millia
aureorum
&
ducentas
tantum
solverent
,
&
ducentas
militares
Annonas
&
800.
capita
id
est
equorum
pabula
singulasque
Annonas
solidis
quatuor
per
annum
jussit
aestimari
,
they
were
ordered
to
pay
but
yearly
Four
thousand
and
two
hundred
Crowns
,
Twelve
hundred
measures
of
Military
Corn
or
Provisions
,
and
Fodder
or
Provision
for
eight
hundred
horses
,
every
one
of
those
Annonae
or
quantities
being
ordered
to
be
rated
at
four
shillings
[
k)
](A54682-e4450-b)
k)
Pancirollus
Comment.
in
notiti●m
Imperii
occidentis
c.
65.
Justinianus
tanti
sed
solidis
quinis
singulas
Annonas
compensari
mandat
,
and
Justinian
ordering
the
same
proportions
,
did
command
five
shillings
to
be
paid
for
every
of
those
Annona's
or
quantities
.
In
that
ancient
custom
of
Posts
or
speedy
Messengers
instituted
by
[
(l)
](A54682-e4510-b)
(l)
Zenopbon
.
lib.
8.
Paidiae
.
Cyrus
amongst
the
Persians
,
and
brough●
into
use
amongst
the
Romans
by
Augustus
Caesar
before
the
coming
of
Christ
,
provincialium
paecunia
equi
cum
hominibus
ad
currendum
destinatis
alerentur
,
the
Country
or
Provinces
did
bear
the
charges
of
men
and
horses
,
[
(m)
](A54682-e4590-b)
(m)
Pancirollus
in
●otitia
Imperii
orientis
.
quod
Severus
Imperator
postea
abolevit
id
fisci
onus
esse
jubens
,
which
Severus
the
Emperor
afterwards
took
away
and
put
that
charge
upon
himself
,
as
Princes
do
sometimes
in
other
matters
upon
some
necessity
or
reasons
of
State
,
but
not
for
any
evil
in
the
thing
it
it self
no
more
being
signified
thereby
then
the
remission
of
some
Subsidies
in
England
:
after
they
were
Granted
to
Queen
Elizabeth
,
can
declare
them
to
be
evill
or
inconvenient
,
for
it
seems
by
Spartianus
,
it
was
[
(n)
](A54682-e4660-b)
(n)
Spartianus
cap.
6.
in
Seve●o
.
only
done
in
regard
that
he
desired
se
commendare
hominibus
,
to
get
an
applause
of
the
people
,
stabula
tamen
in
quibus
equi
a●ebantur
provincialium
sumptibus
reficiebantur
.
but
the
Stables
notwithstanding
in
which
the
horses
were
kept
,
were
to
be
Repaired
by
the
people
.
The
Terciocerius
an
Officer
so
called
,
did
look
to
the
Bastages
or
publick
Carriages
,
Et
res
transvehendas
&
transvectas
ut
frumentum
Constantinopolim
devehendi
,
did
order
or
send
out
Warrants
for
Carriages
for
the
Emperors
Journeys
,
or
to
carry
Corn
for
the
publick
to
Constantinople
,
Et
in
diversis
orientis
Regionibus
erant
corpora
se●
collegia
na●tarum
quorum
quique
per
vices
onera
publica
ferre
cogebantur
propter
quod
incommodum
a
muneribus
civilibus
immunes
erant
&
à
Tributis
liberi
&
quandoque
ad
mercedulam
Philici
nomine
accipiebant
[
(o)
](A54682-e4750-b)
(o)
Pancirollus
Comment.
in
notitiam
Imperii
orient
.
86.
And
in
diverse
parts
of
the
East
there
were
certain
Corporations
or
Societies
of
Men
,
of
which
every
one
by
Turns
were
compelled
to
those
publick
Carriages
,
in
consideration
whereof
they
were
freed
from
the
bearing
of
all
Offices
in
the
Common-wealth
,
and
from
Tributes
,
sometimes
receiving
a
small
reward
,
called
Philichus
▪
in
mediterraneis
quoque
jumenta
&
plaustra
habentes
eidem
oneri
erant
obnoxii
quae
Angaria
vocatur
;
And
in
the
Mediterranean
they
which
had
Carts
and
Horses
were
subject
to
the
like
duties
.
The
Wisigothes
had
their
erogatores
Annonae
per
singulas
civitates
&
castella
,
[
(p)
](A54682-e4800-b)
(p)
LL.
Wisigoth
▪
lib.
9.
tit.
6.
their
Stewards
for
all
provisions
in
all
Cities
and
Castles
.
And
Theodoricus
King
of
the
Gothes
,
though
so
great
an
enemy
to
the
Civil
Law
,
and
the
Laws
of
other
Nations
,
as
he
forbad
the
use
of
them
with
a
nolumus
sive
Romanis
legibus
,
sive
alienis
,
[
(q)
](A54682-e4860-b)
(q)
LL.
Wisigoth
lib.
2.
tit.
9.
institutionibus
amodò
amplius
convexari
,
and
would
(
as
our
Pride
the
Drayman
,
and
Hewson
the
Cobler
,
and
many
of
our
Committee
men
wereof
late
troubled
with
reason
and
our
English
Laws
)
be
no
more
vexed
with
them
,
could
give
notwithstanding
such
an
entertainment
to
the
right
reason
of
them
concerning
Pourveyances
,
as
when
he
enjoyned
a
care
in
distributing
the
Annonae
or
military
provisions
,
he
could
say
additum
est
etiam
beneficii
genus
ut
in
presenti
devotione
praeceptis
Regis
,
[
(r)
](A54682-e4980-b)
(r)
Cassiodorus
variarum
l.
12.
nec
divina
domus
(
the
Kings
house
in
the
respectfull
language
of
those
times
)
videatur
excepta
sed
totum
communiter
sustineatur
,
and
would
have
that
benefit
extended
to
his
own
House
,
that
it
might
also
be
susteined
by
it
.
And
had
them
so
much
at
his
command
as
he
appointed
Annona●
praebendas
infirmo
venienti
ad
locum
pro
recuperanda
sanitate
,
[
(s)
](A54682-e5040-b)
(s)
Ibidem
.
lib.
11.
provision
to
be
made
for
one
that
was
for
his
health
removed
to
a
better
aire
.
Those
Annonae
being
not
only
confined
to
corn
,
but
comprehending
omnia
alimentorum
genera
,
[
(t)
](A54682-e5090-b)
(t)
Leg.
Jul.
de
Annon
.
Cujacius
Paratitl
.
in
lib.
Cod.
Justiniani
all
manner
of
yearly
provisions
for
victuals
,
quae
praediorum
Provincialium
Domini
conductoresque
tuendi
exercitus
causa
quotannis
praebebant
,
[
(u)
](A54682-e5120-b)
(u)
C.
de
Annon
.
&
Tribut
.
veg●tius
which
the
Provinces
subject
to
the
Roman
Empire
yearly
paid
towards
the
support
of
the
Army
,
[
(x)
](A54682-e5150-b)
(x)
Lib.
1.
tit
.
de
Annon
.
&
Tribut
.
Et
solebant
preberi
in
speciebus
ipsis
verum
constitutione
(
postea
rediguntur
ad
praetia
definita
in
delegationibus
quae
eo
nomine
singulis
officiis
dantur
;
)
and
were
usually
paid
in
kind
,
but
were
afterwards
reduced
to
certain
prices
by
Officers
appointed
to
that
purpose
,
qua
Annonae
eis
debitae
taxantur
&
capita
,
aut
praetia
ecrum
quae
sumunt
ex
tributis
illius
,
[
(y)
](A54682-e5200-b)
(y)
Cujacius
in
lib.
1
Cod.
Just●niani
52.
vel
illius
provinciae
,
vel
ex
publicis
Horreis
,
by
whom
the
Provisions
of
the
Provinces
,
or
that
which
were
taken
out
of
the
publique
Barns
or
Granaries
were
duly
rated
,
Et
quae
militaribus
palatinisque
officiis
ex
eorum
qui
possessiones
tenebant
collatione
erogabantur
,
and
gathered
by
the
Emperors
Officers
,
which
Doctor
Ridley
in
his
view
of
the
Civil
and
Ecclesiasticall
Law
extends
to
all
things
necessary
for
the
Princes
House
and
Family
.
[
z
](A54682-e5260-b)
z
Ridleys
view
of
the
Civil
and
Ecclesiasticall
Lawes
.
In
the
time
of
Charlemaigne
,
or
Charles
the
Great
,
who
subdued
the
Gothes
,
and
other
Northern
and
unruly
Nations
,
infesting
the
Roman
Empire
,
Tractatoria
Legatorum
,
the
Treatments
or
entertainment
of
Messengers
,
by
a
custome
borrowed
from
the
Romans
,
for
such
as
were
by
the
Kings
Letters
or
Warrants
sent
to
,
or
by
the
Emperor
,
were
usual
,
and
they
might
make
use
of
horses
,
adscriptis
etiam
bonis
&
mansionibus
quibus
sumptu
publico
ali
deberent
,
[
(a)
](A54682-e5360-b)
(a)
Cod.
Th.
&
Justinian
.
lib.
12.
&
Cuja●ius
.
and
had
houses
and
lodgings
assigned
,
where
out
of
the
publick
,
provisions
should
be
made
for
them
,
and
quid
unicuique
in
itinere
commeatus
praestare
deberet
variè
pro
dignitate
et
qualitate
personarum
plus
Episcopo
quem
rex
mittebat
Abati
,
[
(b)
](A54682-e5400-b)
(b)
Bignonius
Not.
in
lib.
1.
Marculfi
465.
e●
Comiti
non
tantum
minùs
autem
vasallo
decernebatur
,
which
were
to
be
according
to
the
dignity
or
quality
of
the
persons
sent
,
as
more
to
a
Bishop
,
less
to
an
Abbot
or
Earl
,
less
then
that
to
a
more
inferour
,
et
a
subditis
et
provincialibus
suppeditarenur
▪
[
(c)
](A54682-e5450-b)
(c)
Capitl
.
lib.
4.
cap.
72.
&
were
furnished
by
the
Subjects
and
People
of
the
Countries
,
and
it
was
a
great
favour
for
some
Religious
Houses
and
for
Bishops
and
Churchmen
to
be
exempted
from
it
,
Et
per
singula
territoria
discurrentes
mansionaticos
et
paravedos
accipiunt
,
and
all
places
where
they
came
were
to
have
some
entertainments
;
tunc
namque
solebant
subditi
hospitio
non
modo
recipere
missos
et
legatos
Principis
,
Comites
,
Duces
,
et
eorum
ministros
verum
et
viaticum
eis
pro
unius
cujusque
dignitate
praestare
,
for
then
the
Subjects
were
not
only
to
receive
the
Kings
or
Princes
Messengers
or
Earls
,
[
(d)
](A54682-e5500-b)
(d)
Bi●n●nius
Not.
in
Marcul●um
.
or
Dukes
and
their
Attendants
imployed
in
their
Affairs
,
but
to
give
them
entertainment
according
to
their
dignities
;
and
it
was
so
especially
ordained
,
as
de
missis
nostris
discurrentibus
saith
,
an
express
Law
of
that
good
and
virtuous
as
well
as
great
Emperor
,
vel
ceteris
propter
utilitatem
nostram
iter
agentibus
ut
nullus
mansionem
contradicere
eis
presumat
,
[
(e)
](A54682-e5540-b)
(e)
Capitl
.
Ca●
.
M.
lib.
3.
c.
1
.
39·
no
man
was
to
deny
any
employed
upon
his
service
entertainment
in
his
house
,
regis
quoque
recipiendi
idem
onus
provincialibus
incumbebat
ejusque
rei
cura
ad
mansionarium
;
and
the
King
was
in
his
Progress
or
travelling
,
to
have
the
like
,
and
the
care
thereof
belonged
to
an
Officer
called
Mansionarius
,
or
Mansionum
Marescallum
the
Marshall
,
or
as
we
now
call
it
,
the
Harbenger
,
[
(f)
](A54682-e5600-b)
(f)
Hinckmarus
Ep.
3.
c.
23.
to
whom
saith
Hinckmarus
out
of
Adalhardus
,
it
belonged
,
ut
in
hoc
maxime
sollicitudo
ejus
intenta
esset
ut
susceptores
quo
tempore
ad
eos
illo
in
loco
Rex
venturus
●sset
propter
mansionum
preparationem
ut
opportuno
tempore
prescire
potuissent
nè
aut
tardè
scientes
propter
afflictionem
familie
importuno
tempore
peccatum
,
aut
isti
propter
non
condignam
susceptionem
,
to
take
great
care
that
those
who
were
to
receive
the
King
when
he
should
come
,
might
have
such
timely
notice
,
as
for
want
thereof
the
Family
might
not
be
put
to
the
greater
trouble
,
or
punished
for
not
worthily
entertaining
him
;
And
the
old
French
whom
Franciscus
Hott●mannus
would
make
to
be
the
freest
of
all
Nations
,
[
(g)
](A54682-e5670-b)
(g)
Hottoman
Franco
Gali●a
.
were
so
used
to
those
paratas
or
pastùs
,
making
provisions
for
their
Kings
,
[
(h)
](A54682-e5710-b)
(h)
Bignonius
Not.
in
1.
lib.
Marculsi
447.
&
448.
as
they
did
make
livrees
(
a
term
now
used
in
France
for
provisions
or
meats
,
which
in
specie
were
daily
provided
for
the
Kings
house
.
)
Et
olim
magistris
hospitiijus
Annonae
quae
in
Comitatum
Regium
importabatur
per
praeconem
statuendi
praetium
eosque
poenis
gravioribus
mulctandi
,
[
(i)
](A54682-e5800-b)
(i)
Vincentius
Lupa●us
de
Magistrat
.
Franciae
lib.
1.
qui
societatem
coiissent
ut
Annona
Carior
esset
;
and
therefore
the
Stewards
or
great
Officers
of
the
Kings
Houshold
did
heretofore
appoint
the
rates
of
provision
for
the
Kings
house
,
publickly
proclaim
it
,
and
punish
such
as
did
confederate
to
raise
the
prices
or
make
them
dearer
,
Et
non
hospicium
modo
Regi
aliisque
ab
eo
missis
dabatur
verum
&
parabantur
alimenta
,
not
lodging
or
house-room
only
,
but
food
and
provisions
were
to
be
provided
for
the
King
,
or
such
as
he
should
employ
upon
his
occasions
.
Nor
was
it
unusual
amongst
the
antient
Germans
,
who
totam
spirantes
libertatem
,
though
they
were
loath
to
come
behind
any
Nations
of
the
world
in
freedome
,
ex
omnibus
quae
terra
producere
solet
usui
necessariis
exceptis
vix
bubus
&
semmibus
ad
excolendam
terram
idoneis
de
ceteris
quantum
necesse
fuerit
militi
profuturis
ad
regios
usus
suppeditare
aequum
illi
arbitrentur
,
[
(k)
](A54682-e5880-b)
(k)
Otho
Frifinge●siis
de
gistis
Friderici
lib.
2.
ca·
12.
of
all
which
the
earth
produced
,
and
was
necessary
for
use
,
except
Oxen
and
seed
to
sow
the
ground
withall
,
and
might
supply
the
Army
,
to
furnish
some
part
for
the
use
of
the
King
.
In
Franconia
,
that
great
part
or
Circle
of
the
German
Empire
which
is
washed
with
the
Rhine
,
non
antea
Vindemiare
cuiquam
concessum
quam
domini
quibus
decimae
debentur
permiserunt
,
[
(l)
](A54682-e5960-b)
(l)
Botmus
de
mo●ibus
Gentium
.
&
suis
expensis
▪
decimam
in
domini
Torcular
inferre
debent
,
no
man
was
to
gather
and
press
his
grapes
without
the
Lords
licence
,
and
every
man
was
at
his
own
charge
to
bring
the
tenth
part
thereof
to
their
Lords
.
By
the
Laws
of
t●e
Ripuarians
or
Borderers
upon
the
Rhine
,
LL
Ripuar
.
a
penalty
of
60
shillings
was
to
be
imposed
upon
him
qui
Legatarium
Regis
,
vel
ad
Regem
,
seu
in
utilitatem
Regis
pergentem
hospitio
contempserit
,
who
should
refuse
to
lodge
any
Embassadour
of
the
Kings
,
or
sent
unto
him
.
[
(m)
](A54682-e6060-b)
(m)
LL.
Lombard
.
3.
tit.
2
Imperator
Carotas
.
And
amongst
the
Lombards
such
a
care
there
was
to
be
in
every
man
of
all
the
Kings
concerns
,
as
nemopresumat
ad
Regem
venienti
mansionem
vetare
&
quae
necessaria
sunt
sicut
vicino
suo
ei
vendat
,
no
man
was
to
deny
any
of
the
Kings
Lieges
,
lodging
in
his
journey
to
the
King
,
but
was
to
sell
him
things
necessary
as
cheap
as
to
his
Neighbour
.
In
Poland
which
is
an
Elective
Kingdome
,
and
where
the
people
take
no
small
care
of
their
Liberties
and
Priviledges
,
the
Agrestes
and
Ascriptitii
,
Socage
Tenants
and
Husbandmen
,
besides
their
Rents
paid
to
the
King
in
money
,
[
(n)
](A54682-e6160-b)
(n)
Martinus
Cremerus
de
Regn●
Poloniae
.
Pensitant
Pecuarias
,
Frumentarias
,
Avenarias
&
aliarum
rerum
pensiones
,
nec
Agricolae
,
sed
et
oppidani
quin
et
equites
,
sive
milites
non
penitùs
immunes
sunt
,
doe
provide
,
Cattle
,
Corn
,
Oates
and
other
provisions
,
and
not
only
the
Husbandmen
,
but
the
Burgers
:
neither
are
the
Knights
or
Gentry
altogether
free
from
it
,
Jumenta
autem
ei
quacunque
iter
facit
,
et
canes
cum
venatoribus
ejus
alere
necesse
habent
,
but
doe
furnish
horses
and
carriages
and
provisions
for
his
Hounds
and
Hunters
.
[
(o)
](A54682-e6200-b)
(o)
Boemus
de
moribus
G●ntium
.
And
the
Kingdome
being
divided
into
four
parts
,
Rex
in
orbem
quotannis
invisit
,
the
King
every
year
visiteth
them
in
his
Progress
,
è
quorum
singulae
ternis
mensibus
alunt
Regem
Regumque
Comitatum
,
and
every
Province
for
the
space
of
three
moneths
doe
furnish
him
and
his
Court
with
provisions
of
victuals
.
[
(p)
](A54682-e6250-b)
(p)
Mosconiae
T●pograph
.
The
dull
and
frozen
Muscovite
or
Russian
denies
not
his
Prince
his
labour
when
he
calls
for
it
,
or
a
part
ex
ferarum
exuviis
,
of
the
surres
which
he
getteth
.
The
Tartars
as
fierce
and
unruly
as
they
are
,
and
a
nasty
People
nearly
related
to
beasts
,
who
live
in
Tents
all
the
Summer
,
and
remove
from
place
to
place
with
their
Cousins
the
Cattle
,
Thu●●us
.
lib.
69.
and
in
their
Cottages
or
ugly
Houses
daubed
with
their
Cattles
dung
all
the
Winter
,
drink
Mares
milk
,
and
eat
Horse-flesh
,
carrion
,
and
garbage
,
bestowing
many
times
no
more
Cookery
upon
it
then
what
●he
wind
and
sun
affords
them
,
do
willingly
furnish
their
Prince
or
great
Chan
with
horses
and
all
kind
of
houshold
provisions
as
well
in
time
of
Peace
as
Warre
.
The
Laplanders
and
Samoites
bordering
upon
the
Dane
and
Russe
,
when
they
hold
their
Mart
at
Cola
upon
St.
Peters
day
,
cannot
keep
it
,
unless
the
Captain
of
the
Wardhuyss
,
that
is
Resiant
there
for
the
King
of
Denmark
be
present
,
At
Naples
a
Tribute
is
yearly
paid
pro
singulis
focis
pro
hospitiis
praesidiariorum
,
S●gethus
de
Principatibus
Italiae
.
&
nobilium
quorundam
qui
Proregem
comitantur
,
by
every
house
towards
the
charge
and
provision
of
the
Presidents
and
Nobles
which
attend
the
Vice-Roy
,
and
every
two
years
great
Donations
are
presented
from
the
Churches
.
The
Grand
Duke
of
Florence
or
Tuscany
,
vectigal
quod
ipsi
darium
vocant
pro
animalibus
quae
Florentiam
ducuntur
percipit
,
hath
a
Tribute
which
they
call
there
Dairo
,
for
all
Cattle
which
are
brought
to
Florence
.
In
Hungarie
,
Decret.
P●ssonien
.
Anno
1●66
.
A●tic
.
14.
&
Decret.
Posonien
An.
1600.
Artic.
13
▪
which
hath
been
in
this
and
the
foregoing
Century
or
Age
an
Elective
Kingdome
in
the
House
of
Austria
,
the
Coloni
,
Fa●mers
,
or
Husbandmen
and
common-People
are
obliged
ad
gratuitas
operas
&
labores
sex
dierum
,
to
work
six
dayes
for
nothing
in
the
fortifying
of
Castles
and
Garrisons
;
&
anno
1600.
propter
penuriam
Annonae
:
&
defectum
jumentorum
,
by
the
scarcity
of
victuals
and
defect
of
Horses
and
Cattel
for
Carriages
,
the
States
of
Hungary
not
being
able
to
promise
certam
vecturam
victualium
▪
what
victuals
they
could
carry
and
provide
,
did
hope
,
if
God
send
them
more
plenty
,
quod
non
de●runt
regnicolae
qui
praetio
quantum
fieri
potuit
victualia
convehent
,
that
the
Inhabitants
of
the
Kingdome
would
take
care
that
victuals
may
be
provided
and
carried
as
cheap
as
may
be
.
Messenius
de
Legibus
Suecorum
Gothorum
,
lib.
2.53
.
The
Swedes
who
do
boast
themselves
to
be
the
remaining
parts
of
the
Ostrogothes
,
&
are
an
Elective
Kingdome
,
are
omnia
tributa
&
census
Regidebita
vehere
&
transferre
juxta
Regis
voluntatem
,
to
carry
and
bring
to
the
King
his
Tributes
and
Rents
(
which
are
there
much
in
provision
)
or
where
else
he
shall
please
to
dispose
of
them
.
And
by
that
grand
guide
of
Reason
,
the
Civil
Law
,
which
in
all
the
Kingdomes
and
Provinces
of
the
Christian
World
is
the
Cynosura
or
Pole-starre
,
by
which
for
the
most
part
their
Governments
are
steered
and
directed
.
That
custome
of
Pourveyance
for
the
Princes
private
as
well
as
publick
use
was
ever
so
inseparable
and
usual
,
and
so
little
scrupled
at
or
complained
of
,
as
it
grew
to
be
as
universal
as
it
was
antient
,
and
in
the
later
time
,
and
old
age
of
the
Civil
Law
,
as
well
as
the
morning
,
youth
and
age
of
it
,
to
be
justly
accompted
to
be
principis
privilegium
&
gloriosae
militiae
currus
et
naves
accipere
subditorum
pro
vehendo
res
de
loco
ad
locum
si
sibi
necessarium
fuerit
tam
pro
casu
suo
▪
Julius
Fe●re●us
de
re
&
disciplina
militari
137.
Sect.
155.
&
157.
quam
probello
,
a
Priviledge
and
Right
due
to
Princes
and
the
publick
welfare
,
to
imprest
and
take
Ships
and
Carts
of
their
Subjects
when
there
shall
be
need
,
as
well
for
their
own
use
and
occasions
as
in
times
of
warre
,
Et
si
naves
&
plaustra
tempore
exercitus
occultentur
poterunt
confiscari
de
j●re
,
Alber
de
Rosa
in
l.
jubennis
c.
de
sacrosanct
.
Ecclesia
.
&
talem
confiscationem
esse
legitimam
,
saith
Ferettus
,
who
wrote
no
longer
agoe
then
in
the
Reign
of
the
Emperour
Charles
the
Fifth
and
our
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
Ferettus
de
disciplina
militari
137.
cum
agatur
de
honore
&
commodo
universali
ac
de
principis
Imperi●
,
and
if
Ships
and
carriages
or
carts
should
be
hid
whereby
they
might
not
be
taken
for
the
use
of
the
Army
,
they
were
by
Law
to
be
confiscate
;
and
such
a
confiscation
is
lawfull
when
the
publick
honor
and
profit
are
concerned
,
or
they
are
seized
by
the
Princes
order
.
And
Ulpian
saith
ad
onus
fructuarii
pertinet
si
quod
ob
transitum
exercitus
penditur
,
&
si
quid
m●nicipio
nam
solent
possessores
certam
partem
fructuum
municipio
vili●r●
pre●io
addicere
,
et
ad
fructuarium
haec
onera
pertinebant
,
it
belongeth
to
the
Tenant
or
Farmer
,
if
the
Army
pass
that
way
,
to
pay
contribution
,
and
also
to
a
Garrison
for
the
Tenants
,
and
did
use
to
send
in
a
certain
part
of
provisions
at
cheaper
rates
then
ordinary
.
Ulpian
in
l.
Si
pendentes
.
L.
3.
de
muneribus
patrimon
.
lib.
10.
c.
l.
3.
And
in
oneribus
patrimoniorum
etiam
hospit●m
susceptio
ponenda
est
,
the
lodgings
and
free-quarter
of
persons
imployed
for
the
use
of
the
publick
were
likewise
to
be
born
plerumque
enim
militibus
supervenientibus
,
sect.
in
eos
mil●es
D.
de
muneribus
.
vel
publicis
personis
ea
iter
facientibus
hospitia
in
civitatibus
praebere
oportuit
;
and
commonly
if
any
Souldiers
or
publick
persons
travailed
that
way
,
they
were
to
have
lodgings
&
free-quarter
in
Cities
,
Et
ab
his
oneribus
quae
patrimoniis
,
vel
possessionibus
indicuntur
,
neque
numero
liberorum
,
neque
ullo
alio
privilegio
quem
excusari
,
and
from
which
publick
charges
which
are
laid
upon
mens
Patrimonies
or
Estates
,
no
man
was
to
be
excused
by
having
many
children
,
or
by
any
other
priviledge
;
Ab
hoc
tamen
hospitiis
recipiendi
munere
militibus
veteranis
medicis
Philosophis
vacatio
immunitasque
principum
constitutionibus
indulta
est
,
from
which
notwithstanding
old
Souldiers
,
Physitians
and
Philosophers
or
(
poor
Scholars
)
were
only
so
favoured
by
the
Prince
as
to
be
exempted
.
In
Spain
,
a
Kingdom
very
fruitfull
in
Taxes
,
and
never
or
seldom
parting
with
any
that
have
been
once
raised
or
charged
upon
the
people
,
witness
their
Cruzado's
for
the
holy
warre
,
and
Assessments
for
the
expelling
of
the
Moors
:
there
is
a
Consilium
or
Tribunal
which
hath
cognizance
,
and
judgeth
de
Annona
concerning
corn
and
other
provisions
:
And
the
King
continueth
to
this
day
(
which
might
spare
contribution
towards
the
maintenance
of
his
house
)
a
decimam
omnium
vaenalium
,
Mariana
de
redditibus
Hispaniae
.
tenth
of
all
sorts
of
things
which
are
sold
,
imposed
by
King
John
ob
belli
subsidium
,
upon
occasion
of
a
warr
in
Anno
1366.
Mariana
,
ibid.
In
Portugal
the
King
hath
his
publick
Tolls
and
Alfandega's
ex
quibuscunque
vaenalibus
out
of
all
victuals
and
commodities
,
of
some
a
tenth
,
some
a
fifth
,
and
of
others
some
other
part
.
The
Commonwealth
of
Venice
so
mingled
,
and
as
well
as
may
be
composed
of
an
Aristocratie
,
Democratie
,
and
a
small
part
of
Monarchy
,
and
with
such
a
harmony
and
content
of
her
Citizens
as
the
Doge
or
Duke
Senate
and
Magistrates
(
rather
then
the
common
people
)
are
by
many
worthy
Authors
and
Writers
reported
to
enjoy
a
most
clear
and
satisfying
liberty
,
have
their
Proveditori
All-sale
,
who
rent
the
Salt-pits
,
and
take
care
that
the
City
be
served
at
reasonable
rates
,
their
Signori
della
Grascia
,
who
do
supervise
Cheese
,
Bacon
and
salt
things
,
Signori
del
vino
,
Johannes
Co●onicus
Syno●fis
de
Repub.
Ven●t
.
who
look
to
the
condition
and
rates
of
all
kind
of
wines
,
and
a
sort
of
Aediles
called
delle
ragion
vecchie
whose
office
it
is
to
entertain
forraign
Ambassadors
or
Princes
,
Ja.
Howells
Survey
of
the
City
of
Venice
&
Contarenus
de
Repub.
Venet
.
and
to
defray
their
charges
at
the
publick
expence
of
St.
Mark
;
and
their
Signori
delle
bia●i
who
are
to
take
order
that
the
City
be
well
provided
with
a
sufficient
proportion
of
wheat
and
other
grain
.
And
their
Duke
having
speciem
regiam
,
non
potestatem
,
the
shew
of
a
King
only
,
but
little
of
the
power
,
and
qui
aulam
non
alit
ut
liberi
principes
,
sed
congruam
solam
familiam
,
Contarenus
de
Repub.
Venet.
though
he
keeps
not
a
Court
as
free
Princes
doe
,
but
only
a
private
Family
,
hath
ex
publico
aerario
,
a
yearly
Salary
,
and
the
greater
because
every
year
he
is
to
feast
the
Principal
of
the
Senate
,
and
nè
ullus
praeteritus
videatur
veteri
instituto
ac
lege
constitutum
est
,
to
the
end
that
none
may
seem
neglected
,
by
an
antient
Law
and
Custom
,
is
to
send
every
winter
five
wild
Ducks
to
every
Citizen
that
hath
voice
in
the
great
Council
.
The
States
of
the
United
Provinces
in
the
Netherlands
,
who
are
well
contented
to
call
themselves
Hooge
Mogende
and
Groot
Mogende
great
and
high
and
mighty
Lords
,
&
like
a
Corporation
of
Kings
govern
the
people
by
a
false
perswasion
of
liberties
,
under
more
burdens
and
Taxes
then
they
ever
endured
under
their
Earles
of
Holland
and
Friesland
,
and
their
German
and
Spanish
Monarchs
,
can
in
their
Low-country
and
levelling
humour
,
and
the
ill
measure
which
they
take
of
reverence
to
their
betters
,
afford
the
Prince
of
Orange
and
his
Court
and
Houshold
,
which
is
not
small
,
a
freedom
from
Excise
,
upon
the
buying
of
all
provisions
for
his
house
,
which
after
the
rate
of
its
griping
would
goe
a
great
part
of
the
way
to
as
much
as
what
the
King
of
England
saves
by
his
Pourveyances
,
and
the
like
to
the
Queen
of
Bohemia
her
Retinue
and
Court
when
she
was
resident
amongst
them
,
Embassadours
of
forraign
Princes
,
the
English
Company
of
merchants
of
the
Staple
,
their
Armies
&
common
Souldiers
when
they
are
●n
the
field
or
a
Leaguer
for
all
their
victuals
and
such
like
provisions
,
their
ships
and
men
of
warre
at
sea
,
and
to
the
University
of
Leyden
for
their
Wine
and
Beer
.
The
States
Generall
having
great
and
fitting
stipends
from
their
several
Provinc●s
,
whom
they
represent
in
an
Assembly
or
standing
Counsel
at
the
Hague
,
and
the
Deputies
of
every
Province
sent
to
the
Hague
,
when
their
Comitia
,
or
as
it
were
,
Parliaments
are
there
assembled
have
each
of
them
four
Florens
,
or
our
eight
shillings
a
day
allowed
them
,
the
Princes
of
Orange
,
besides
their
great
places
of
Captain
General
by
Sea
and
by
Land
,
which
yielded
them
great
profits
as
well
as
power
,
had
1000
pounds
sterling
a
moneth
stipend
,
e●
cum
in
castris
agebant
,
et
in
ipsa
erat
expeditione
when
they
were
in
the
Leagure
or
any
service
of
warre
had
for
a
present
given
them
,
Philippus
Caesius
a
Zesen
de
Leone
Belgi●o
186.
&
226.
forty
thousand
Florens
being
almost
four
thousand
pounds
sterling
for
a
Present
or
Honorary
,
magnaque
pecuniae
vis
qu●
centum
millia
persaepe
excedeba●
in
eundem
conferebatur
,
and
a
great
sum
of
money
,
over
and
above
which
many
times
was
more
then
one
hundred
thousand
Florens
,
or
ten
thousand
pounds
sterling
for
Spies
,
Intelligence
,
and
other
necessaries
without
any
accompt
to
be
given
for
it
:
which
stipends
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
and
the
States
of
Holland
,
or
the
Duke
of
Venice
,
including
their
charges
of
Diet
,
Servants
and
Retinue
,
and
all
other
necessaries
belonging
to
the
honor
of
their
imployments
,
being
paid
in
money
,
or
raised
by
Taxes
or
Excise
out
of
the
people
,
have
no
other
difference
with
the
Pourveyance
or
Royall
provision
for
Kings
or
Princes
,
but
that
the
stipends
are
in
money
,
and
a
gross
summe
large
enough
to
take
in
all
occasions
and
necessaries
,
and
most
commonly
more
then
needs
.
And
as
to
that
particular
,
being
a
great
deal
more
then
the
Pourveyance
or
compositions
for
it
would
amount
unto
,
many
times
falls
more
heavy
upon
the
people
in
the
lump
then
it
doth
or
could
in
a
Pourveyance
by
distribution
of
it
into
small
parts
;
for
that
Commonwealths
and
those
Free
States
or
Combinations
of
governing
and
taxing
are
never
no
loosers
by
making
finding
or
taking
advantage
of
necessities
,
or
catching
opportunities
of
burdening
the
people
,
and
getting
such
overplus
as
may
either
help
to
enrich
their
Treasuries
,
and
furnish
out
their
magnificence
in
publick
,
or
too
often
their
private
and
particulars
,
wherein
our
cunning
Church-wardens
and
Epitomes
of
Free
States
in
their
Parishes
and
the
Grandees
of
some
of
our
Cities
and
Corporations
are
very
well
instructed
.
In
the
German
Empire
now
much
lessened
in
its
antient
rights
and
pre●ogative
by
granting
them
away
to
several
Princes
Hanse
Towns
and
Imperial
Cities
,
by
indulgences
,
necessity
of
State
affairs
,
or
want
of
money
,
the
Angariae
and
Parangariae
,
duties
of
furnishing
horses
and
carts
upon
any
publick
necessity
,
are
not
denied
to
the
Emperor
,
and
upon
occasions
of
warre
extraordinariae
collationes
prastantur
que
Fodron
appellantur
,
Vulteius
num
.
7.
Otto
Or●●gensis
de
jure
publico
Imperii
Romani
.
et
ea
appellatione
non
solum
pabulum
equorum
quod
Futter
vocatur
,
set
et
frumentum
hordeum
aliaeque
res
ad
Imperatoris
exercitum
victui
,
extraordinary
provisions
called
Foder
are
furnished
,
which
in
the
German
or
high
Dutch
signifieth
not
only
horse
meat
,
but
corn
,
barley
,
&
other
food
for
the
Emperors
Army
,
Et
aliorum
sententia
verior
esse
videtur
qui
dicunt
extraordinariam
collationem
,
quae
pro
Imperatoris
Utilitate
,
et
necessitate
indicitur
supra
ordinarias
et
statas
indictiones
census
et
tributa
.
And
the
better
opinion
is
▪
that
Pourveyance
or
Provisions
may
be
taken
for
the
necessary
occasions
of
the
Emperor
over
and
above
his
Tributes
,
or
what
is
paid
unto
him
.
And
as
that
excellently
learned
D.
Weymondus
now
deceased
Chancellor
to
the
Prince
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
,
was
pleased
to
inform
me
at
his
late
being
here
together
with
Prince
Maurice
of
Nassau
,
Embassadors
from
that
Prince
Elector
prae-emption
,
and
a
power
of
ordering
moderate
rates
and
prices
in
the
Markets
is
passim
in
tota
Germania
,
now
in
use
in
all
Germany
as
well
by
the
Emperor
as
the
Electors
,
and
many
other
lesser
Princes
.
And
if
the
French
who
have
yet
their
Terms
des
droits
de
Bordage
of
provisions
which
Tenants
were
obliged
to
furnish
for
the
Kings
Houshold
,
and
their
grand
Provost
de
l'
hostel
Lord
Steward
of
the
Kings
house
,
met
priz
et
taxe
a
pain
vin
viandes
foin
et
avoine
,
had
in
the
year
1654
▪
power
to
rate
the
prices
of
wine
,
victuals
,
hay
,
provender
,
and
all
things
appertaining
to
the
provision
of
the
Kings
House
.
And
were
wont
to
be
very
wary
in
parting
with
Regalities
,
have
by
any
ill
advice
turned
away
the
honour
of
hospitality
,
and
that
magnificence
and
good
which
ariseth
thereby
to
their
Kings
and
Princes
,
and
put
their
Court
to
board-wages
,
which
falling
short
,
or
coming
to
be
ill
paid
or
long
forborn
will
but
starve
the
Houseshold
,
and
so
keen
the
appetite
and
projects
of
the
Court
when
they
shall
be
every
day
pursued
by
their
own
necessities
,
and
put
in
mind
to
make
what
shift
they
can
for
themselves
,
as
that
Nation
which
is
already
over-spread
with
Taxes
as
with
a
Garment
,
may
in
due
time
,
if
they
doe
it
not
already
,
easily
acknowledge
the
difference
betwixt
this
Kingdome
and
its
just
Laws
and
Liberties
,
and
the
present
mode
or
fashion
of
that
which
by
departing
from
their
antient
and
better
Laws
and
Constitutions
▪
is
now
for
the
most
part
cut
into
Tallages
and
Commands
in
warre
,
Titles
and
Outsides
of
honor
,
and
Offices
granted
not
to
the
deserver
,
but
the
best
Chapman
,
and
betwixt
making
Pourveyance
for
the
Kings
Houshold
,
and
necessaries
to
support
his
Regalities
,
and
paying
as
many
kinds
of
Gabels
and
Impositions
instead
of
it
,
as
there
be
weeks
in
the
year
,
and
the
rich
and
plentifull
living
of
our
English
Yeomen
,
Francklins
and
Farmers
,
and
their
Paysants
whose
hardship
and
beggerly
way
of
living
makes
them
to
be
but
as
Slaves
to
their
Gentry
and
Nobility
.
And
the
dependencie
of
the
Noblesse
,
or
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
upon
the
King
for
charges
and
places
,
making
them
so
little
able
to
want
or
be
without
their
Trade
of
warre
,
as
if
there
be
no
forreign
warres
,
they
doe
commonly
make
it
out
in
rebellions
and
combustions
amongst
themselves
,
which
bringing
a
large
addition
to
the
ordinary
burdens
of
the
Paisants
or
Countrymen
,
renders
them
ever
unable
to
purchase
themselves
some
freedome
or
exemption
of
Taxes
,
by
getting
themselves
to
be
made
Gentlemen
,
and
taking
share
in
the
fortune
and
ravage
of
warre
;
and
that
being
not
to
be
compassed
,
are
to
live
as
well
contented
as
they
may
in
being
their
drudges
,
and
to
take
it
for
a
happiness
to
make
some
of
their
children
to
be
their
Lacquies
or
Jack
Puddings
,
very
fine
for
a
little
time
of
every
year
,
when
their
fantasticall
Apish
clothes
are
new
▪
but
in
rags
,
foul
and
lowsie
linnen
,
and
vices
,
all
the
year
after
.
And
that
the
custome
and
usage
of
Pourveyance
,
and
the
smaller
trouble
&
charge
thereof
,
will
be
much
better
which
being
by
the
light
of
nature
&
irradiations
of
wisdom
and
right
reason
,
not
only
confined
to
the
Jews
,
Graecians
,
Romans
and
Europe
,
hath
diffused
and
spread
it self
to
the
Mahumetans
,
and
the
more
remote
Heathen
,
as
may
appear
by
good
Authors
and
Writers
of
their
Customes
and
usages
,
and
by
our
Ambassadours
sent
from
hence
in
the
behalf
of
our
Merchants
as
the
learned
and
greatly
experienced
Sir
Thomas
Roe
,
besides
many
Sea
Captains
,
Navigators
and
Traders
into
the
farther
parts
of
the
World
,
as
Captain
Hawkins
▪
Sir
John
Davis
,
Mr.
Methwold
,
Captain
Saris
,
Captain
Whittington
,
Mr.
Courtop
,
Mr.
Peyton
and
others
,
and
of
some
French
and
Venetians
trading
into
the
East
and
West
Indies
,
Tartary
,
and
other
farre
distant
places
,
whose
written
relations
in
their
adventurous
discoveries
of
most
of
the
habitable
parts
of
the
earth
,
and
search
after
Trade
and
Commerce
,
were
very
carefully
collected
by
Mr.
Samuel
Purchas
For
in
that
great
extent
of
Kingdoms
and
Provinces
belonging
to
the
Grand
Signior
or
Emperor
of
Turkie
,
there
comes
yearly
to
the
Ottoman
Port
from
Egypt
great
store
of
of
Dates
,
Prunes
and
other
dried
plums
of
divers
sorts
,
which
the
Cooks
doe
use
in
their
dressing
of
meat
,
great
quantities
of
honey
from
Valachia
,
Transilvania
and
Moldavia
,
which
are
presented
to
the
Grand
Signior
,
and
oyl
(
of
which
there
is
an
unspeakable
consumption
made
)
brought
from
Modon
and
Coron
in
Graecia
,
the
Saniack
Begh
of
that
Province
,
being
bound
to
see
the
Port
sufficiently
served
therewith
.
The
Butter
(
of
which
there
is
also
spent
a
great
quantity
in
that
it
is
much
used
in
most
of
their
meats
)
comes
out
of
the
Black
sea
from
Mogdania
,
and
from
Caffa
in
great
Oxe
and
Buffale
hides
,
and
fruits
of
all
sorts
are
daily
brought
for
Presents
.
In
the
great
Empire
of
Persia
there
are
urbes
complures
alimenta
donantes
,
una
panem
,
altera
ova
,
[
(a)
](A54682-e8690-b)
(a)
Brissonius
de
regno
Persiae
,
lib.
1.
alia
obsonia
suppeditant
,
many
Cities
which
have
several
assignations
for
furnishing
provisions
for
the
King
and
his
publick
uses
,
and
the
Subjects
do
over
&
above
other
great
Tributes
,
pay
other
things
towards
the
maintenance
of
the
King
,
as
those
of
Armenia
,
Horses
,
Babilonia
,
four
moneths
victuals
,
the
rest
of
Asia
eight
,
and
other
Regions
their
particular
commodities
,
and
some
of
his
Guard
receive
no
money
but
victuals
for
their
wages
.
The
antient
more
Eastern
or
Cathaian
Tartars
doe
daily
from
October
to
March
send
unto
their
great
Chan
great
store
of
cattel
.
And
on
his
Birth-day
great
Presents
;
and
it
is
the
custom
of
those
which
bring
Presents
unto
him
at
New-years
tide
(
which
the
Rulers
and
Governors
of
Provinces
never
fail
to
do
;
)
or
at
other
times
of
the
year
to
present
nine
times
nine
of
gold
and
horses
,
and
of
all
that
they
bring
,
so
as
sometimes
he
hath
at
once
one
hundred
thousand
horses
;
and
when
he
hath
any
use
of
his
Dukes
,
whom
they
call
Morscis
or
Divoimorscis
,
they
are
bound
to
come
&
bring
with
them
their
Souldiers
to
a
certain
number
,
every
man
with
his
two
horses
at
the
least
,
the
one
to
ride
on
,
and
the
other
to
kill
when
it
cometh
to
his
turn
to
have
his
horse
eaten
.
And
the
Governors
of
Countries
and
Provinces
doe
send
the
best
of
the
wild
beasts
,
which
the
Hunters
take
as
Stags
,
Boares
,
&c.
unto
the
Emperor
in
Wains
or
Ships
many
daies
journey
,
and
if
farre
distant
,
the
skins
only
to
make
armour
.
In
China
,
and
the
vast
Provinces
thereunto
belonging
,
where
they
think
they
have
a
Monopoly
of
wit
and
bragging
of
their
two
eyes
,
would
not
willingly
allow
the
Europeans
any
more
then
one
,
every
house
not
priviledged
,
payes
a
Tribute
towards
the
expences
of
the
Kings
Houshold
,
and
the
great
numbers
of
the
Royall
Line
,
which
(
in
a
Country
where
Polygamy
is
allowed
,
are
many
thousands
,
)
are
all
maintained
at
the
publick
charge
,
every
man
payes
a
Tribute
for
his
person
,
lands
and
trees
,
and
all
that
he
hath
:
Every
Province
yearly
sends
its
Legates
or
Deputies
;
and
all
his
kindred
bring
Presents
unto
him
,
in
so
much
as
ten
thousand
Vessels
in
a
year
are
imployed
by
water
to
carry
Tributes
and
provision
for
the
Kings
Houshold
,
and
all
dainties
and
things
of
worth
or
value
presented
to
him
for
the
service
of
him
and
his
house
.
The
greatest
part
of
the
King
of
Fez
his
Tribute
is
paid
in
corn
,
cattel
,
oyl
and
butter
.
In
Guinea
the
King
hath
a
Custome
of
fish
which
is
sent
by
his
Slaves
every
morning
to
his
house
.
And
the
Prete
or
Emperor
of
Ethiopia
hath
of
that
King
besides
gold
an
yearly
Tribute
of
three
thousand
five
hundred
M●les
,
and
three
hundred
Horses
.
And
it
is
a
custom
in
the
East-Indies
near
the
Portugals
Dominions
,
that
when
any
Vice-Roy
cometh
newly
over
all
the
Kings
bordering
upon
Goa
which
have
peace
and
friendship
with
the
Portugals
,
do
send
their
Embassadors
unto
him
to
confirm
their
Leagues
with
great
and
rich
Presents
,
which
do
amount
unto
a
great
mass
of
treasure
.
In
the
Province
of
Goa
,
as
appears
by
the
confirmation
of
their
Customs
by
[
(b)
](A54682-e9000-b)
(b)
Tractat.
Don
Duarte
de
Meneses
.
John
King
of
Portugal
in
the
year
1526.
and
that
which
is
now
continued
and
in
use
amongst
them
under
the
government
of
the
Portuguez
,
at
what
time
soever
the
chief
Master
of
the
Ports
with
the
Clerks
or
Clerk
of
his
charge
together
,
or
any
one
of
himself
shall
goe
to
the
Island
about
matters
concerning
the
Kings
affairs
,
or
any
one
whom
they
shall
send
to
the
Island
,
or
to
the
Towns
of
the
same
,
they
are
to
give
them
their
meat
according
to
their
use
and
custome
:
and
also
to
the
Kings
Factor
or
Officer
of
that
Office
,
when
they
shall
goe
thither
to
provide
in
any
matters
concerning
the
Kings
Affairs
;
or
the
Towns
of
the
Island
,
and
whatsoever
footman
shall
go
of
any
message
pertaining
to
the
Kings
service
,
or
the
recovery
of
any
of
his
Rents
they
shall
give
him
every
day
,
that
he
shall
be
there
without
dispatching
two
measures
of
Rice
for
his
meat
,
or
one
Leal
(
a
piece
of
money
of
the
value
of
our
three
farthings
)
to
buy
Betre
,
which
is
an
herb
that
they
do
use
to
eat
,
and
out
of
their
Trade
or
Customes
do
pay
one
per
cent
.
for
provision
of
Fortresses
.
In
the
Kingdom
of
Barnagasso
the
King
hath
besides
Silks
and
Cloth
of
Gold
,
and
other
precious
things
for
Tribute
,
Horses
,
and
payeth
himself
150.
Horses
to
Pretious
,
or
Prete
John
Emperor
of
Ethiopia
,
of
whom
he
holdeth
.
The
Kingdom
of
Oghy
,
besides
a
Tribute
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
sendeth
him
yearly
a
thousand
Beeves
.
In
Ethiopia
the
Prete
or
Emperor
upon
the
coming
or
returning
of
Embassadors
,
gives
order
to
his
Subjects
or
Vassals
to
furnish
them
with
provisions
for
their
Journey
,
and
not
long
agoe
commanded
one
to
whom
he
had
but
a
little
before
given
a
little
Lordship
,
containing
not
above
80.
Houses
and
two
Churches
to
furnish
an
Embassador
with
five
hundred
Loads
of
Corn
,
a
hundred
Oxen
,
and
a
hundred
Sheep
.
The
Gozagues
do
yearly
pay
to
their
King
,
besides
great
quantities
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
a
thousand
Beeves
alive
.
The
Maldives
do
yearly
pay
unto
their
King
the
fifth
part
of
the
grains
which
they
sowe
,
and
give
him
a
Portion
of
their
Coco's
and
Limmons
;
and
besides
their
Taxes
compound
also
for
fruits
and
honey
.
The
Princes
and
great
men
in
[
(c)
](A54682-e9240-b)
(c)
Varennius
lib.
10.
de
regno
Japan
.
Japan
do
contend
who
shall
give
most
to
the
Caesar
,
and
almost
impoverish
themselves
by
their
Presents
:
All
the
houses
in
the
City
of
the
Kings
Residence
are
by
the
King
taxed
towards
the
making
of
Fortresses
.
In
Firando
in
Japan
,
when
any
forraign
Merchants
are
by
the
King
invited
to
see
Playes
and
publick
Shows
,
they
send
Presents
to
him
,
and
every
forraign
Merchant
that
comes
thither
,
may
not
sell
his
goods
untill
he
hath
carried
a
Present
to
the
Emperor
.
And
when
any
of
the
Kings
white
Elephants
are
brought
unto
him
,
the
Merchants
in
the
City
are
commanded
to
come
and
see
him
,
and
bring
every
one
a
Present
of
half
a
Ducat
,
which
altogether
amounteth
to
a
great
sum
of
money
.
In
Industan
when
the
Mogol
goeth
abroad
,
or
in
progress
,
euery
one
(
saith
Sir
Thomas
Roe
)
by
whose
house
he
passeth
is
to
make
him
a
Present
,
Sir
Thomas
Roe
himself
doing
it
when
the
King
or
Mogol
rode
to
the
River
of
Darbadath
.
All
the
Persian
Merchants
doe
bring
their
goods
first
to
the
Mogol
,
who
buyes
what
he
pleaseth
,
and
after
his
Officers
have
set
the
rate
they
may
sell
to
whom
they
will
.
All
men
strive
to
present
him
with
all
things
rich
and
rare
,
and
no
man
petitioneth
him
for
any
thing
empty-handed
,
and
thereby
come
to
preferment
,
some
giving
him
one
hundred
thousand
pounds
in
Jewels
at
a
time
.
The
King
of
Achen
commands
those
of
Tecoo
to
bring
thither
their
Pepper
,
which
none
may
buy
but
he
,
and
puts
off
his
Surat
commodities
in
truck
to
them
at
what
rates
he
pleaseth
,
and
oftimes
sends
his
commodities
to
Priaman
and
Tecoo
,
enforcing
them
to
buy
them
at
his
own
rates
,
none
being
suffered
to
buy
or
sell
before
he
hath
vented
his
own
.
At
Bantam
the
Governor
or
Protector
so
called
useth
to
send
in
the
Kings
name
to
the
people
to
serve
him
with
sacks
of
Pepper
,
some
a
hundred
,
some
fifty
,
some
ten
,
some
five
at
the
Kings
price
,
which
was
a
Riall
less
in
a
Sack
then
the
Merchants
paid
:
Divers
bring
Presents
of
Rice
and
Cashes
,
and
some
bring
imbroidered
cloth
for
the
Kings
wearing
.
Nor
were
the
more
civilized
part
of
the
Heathen
only
accustomed
to
the
way
of
Pourveyance
or
bringing
provisions
or
presents
to
their
Kings
and
Princes
,
but
the
wild
and
savage
part
of
them
were
by
the
Lawes
of
nature
,
and
glimmerings
of
the
light
of
reason
,
taught
to
doe
it
.
In
Mexico
in
the
West-Indies
,
and
its
large
Dominions
under
the
Emperor
Montezeuma
,
containing
100
Cities
and
their
Provinces
,
the
people
did
pay
a
certain
yearly
Tribute
to
the
King
for
water
brought
by
pipes
into
the
City
:
Those
that
hold
lands
did
yearly
pay
unto
him
one
third
part
of
their
fruit
and
commodities
which
they
had
or
did
reap
,
as
gold
,
silver
,
stones
,
dogs
,
hens
,
fouls
,
conies
,
salt
,
wax
,
honey
,
mantels
,
feathers
,
cotton
,
and
a
certain
fruit
called
C●cao
,
which
they
there
used
for
money
;
also
all
kinds
of
grain
,
Garden-herbs
and
fruits
:
Some
Towns
paid
400
burdens
of
white
Mantles
,
others
great
Tropes
of
wood
full
of
Maiz
,
Fri●oles
,
&c.
some
four
hundred
burdens
of
wood
,
others
four
hundred
planks
of
Timber
;
some
,
every
six
moneths
brought
four
hundred
burdens
of
Cotton-wool
,
and
others
,
two
thousand
loads
of
Salt
,
two
hundred
pots
of
Honey
,
twenty
Xacaras
of
Gold
in
powder
,
and
some
a
Truss
of
Turkie
stones
,
and
paid
besides
the
King
of
Alzopuzalco
a
Tribute
of
Firre
and
Willow-trees
towards
the
building
of
a
City
.
Divers
Provinces
are
bound
to
provide
fire-wood
for
the
Kings
house
amounting
unto
two
hundred
and
thirty
weight
a
day
,
which
was
five
hundred
mens
burdens
,
&
for
the
Kings
particular
Chimnies
they
brought
the
Bark
of
the
Oak
.
The
Incas
or
Indian
Kings
before
the
coming
of
their
unlucky
loving
friends
the
Spaniards
had
their
Tributes
yearly
brought
unto
the
Court
,
and
when
any
work
was
to
be
done
,
or
any
thing
to
be
furnished
for
the
Incas
,
the
Officers
knew
presently
how
much
every
Province
,
Town
and
Family
ought
to
provide
,
and
by
their
Registers
strings
and
knots
,
knew
what
every
one
was
to
pay
even
to
a
hen
or
burden
of
wood
.
And
as
Inea
Garzilasco
de
la
Vega
a
Native
of
Cozco
,
relates
in
his
book
of
the
antient
customes
of
those
Countries
,
did
amongst
other
Tributes
make
and
furnish
clothes
and
Arms
to
be
used
in
warr
.
In
Virginia
the
Weroances
under-Lords
or
petty
Kings
did
hold
their
lands
,
habitations
and
limits
to
Fish
,
Foul
or
Hunt
,
of
their
soveraign
,
King
Powhatan
to
whom
they
pay
Tributes
of
Skins
,
Beads
,
Copper
,
Pearl
,
Dear
,
Turkies
wild
Beasts
and
Corn.
And
in
all
Savage
Countries
the
English
Merchants
and
Navigators
,
as
Mr.
Edward
Winslow
,
a
man
afterwards
too
well
known
amongst
the
plundering
and
mistaken
godly
at
Haberdashers
Hall
,
hath
related
,
at
his
return
from
thence
doe
make
presents
to
the
Savage
Kings
,
In
New-England
the
Sachims
or
Lords
are
subject
to
one
Sachim
,
to
whom
they
resort
for
protection
,
and
pay
homage
;
neither
may
any
make
warre
without
their
privity
;
every
Sachim
knoweth
the
bounds
and
limits
of
his
Country
,
and
that
is
as
his
proper
Inheritance
and
out
of
that
,
if
any
of
his
men
desire
Land
to
set
their
corn
,
he
giveth
them
as
much
as
they
can
use
,
and
puts
them
in
their
bounds
.
Whosoever
hunteth
,
or
killeth
any
venison
(
which
is
there
much
of
their
food
)
he
bringeth
him
his
Fee
,
which
is
the
fourth
part
of
the
same
,
if
it
be
killed
on
the
Land
,
but
if
in
the
water
,
then
the
skin
thereof
.
Once
a
year
the
people
are
provoked
by
the
Pinieses
,
Knights
or
Councellors
of
the
Sachims
to
bestow
much
corn
on
the
Sachim
,
who
bring
him
thereupon
many
Baskets
of
corn
and
make
a
great
Stack
thereof
.
In
Florida
,
where
they
all
goe
naked
,
and
doe
but
litle
exceed
the
beasts
of
the
field
in
understanding
,
and
want
the
wit
of
most
part
of
the
Nations
of
the
world
to
cover
their
nakedness
,
they
can
notwithstanding
crowd
in
amongst
them
and
subscribe
to
that
rule
and
part
of
right
reason
in
making
retributions
and
acknowledgements
to
their
Kings
or
Governors
for
self-preservation
;
so
as
a
Lord
of
that
Country
brought
the
Governour
of
the
Plantation
,
which
was
made
there
,
two
Deer
skins
,
and
in
one
Town
they
made
him
a
present
of
700
wild
hens
,
and
in
other
Towns
sent
him
those
which
they
had
or
could
get
.
A
Ca●ique
at
Panico
near
Florida
and
his
men
,
as
their
manner
is
,
weeping
in
token
of
obedience
,
made
the
Governor
a
Present
of
much
Fish
.
And
this
custom
of
Pourveyance
and
gratefull
acknowledgments
,
being
thus
diffused
and
to
be
found
amongst
the
farre
greater
part
of
all
the
Nations
of
the
world
,
we
may
well
conclude
it
to
be
almost
as
universal
as
the
use
of
Beds
,
Phisick
,
Horses
and
Shooes
,
or
the
custome
of
washing
of
hands
,
and
so
generally
,
as
if
the
Sun
had
in
his
journies
been
imployed
by
God
Almighty
,
the
Author
of
all
Wisdome
and
Goodness
,
to
scatter
and
infuse
it
with
his
light
into
the
minds
and
understandings
of
mankind
.
And
that
those
few
places
or
parts
of
the
world
which
have
not
that
custome
,
because
their
Kings
are
their
Peoples
Heirs
,
take
what
part
of
their
Estates
they
please
,
and
govern
by
an
Arbitary
power
,
may
when
they
arrive
to
a
better
understanding
acknowledge
and
bewaile
the
want
of
it
.
And
that
from
these
and
the
like
customes
of
real
and
willing
obedience
,
love
to
their
Princes
and
their
honor
and
dignity
,
in
which
their
native
Countries
and
themselves
did
pertake
and
had
so
great
a
share
,
came
those
great
and
marvailous
publick
works
.
As
the
Piramides
of
Egypt
,
the
Obelisk
cut
by
Semiramis
out
of
the
mountains
,
the
Pensil
Gardens
made
by
Nebuchadonosor
,
the
costly
and
most
magnificent
Temple
of
Solomon
,
which
was
seven
years
in
building
by
one
hundred
eighty
three
thousand
six
hundred
men
imployed
therein
,
the
second
Temple
at
Jerusalem
which
was
8
years
in
building
,
and
10000
workmen
at
a
time
working
upon
it
,
a
part
of
the
River
Euphrates
cut
and
brought
into
Tigris
,
Ninive
built
and
walled
480
furlongs
about
and
10000
workmen
at
a
time
imployed
.
The
stupendious
and
great
Wall
of
40
leagues
in
length
built
in
China
;
the
Picts
Wall
as
yet
a
wonder
in
its
ruines
and
remains
,
built
betwixt
some
part
of
England
and
Scotland
of
80
miles
in
length
,
by
Adrian
the
Emperor
;
and
another
in
or
near
the
same
place
by
the
Emperor
Severus
,
Grahams
Dike
in
Scotland
built
by
Caraus●us
;
the
Vallum
Barbaricum
,
a
great
Wall
or
Trench
made
by
the
Emperor
Julian
in
Germany
to
defend
it
against
the
incursions
of
the
Barbarians
;
the
four
great
High-wayes
or
Roads
in
England
called
Watlingstreet
,
the
Fosse
,
Erminstreet
and
Iknel-street
,
leading
to
the
four
Quarters
or
several
parts
of
the
Kingdome
;
the
Aquaeducts
stately
Buildings
Palaces
,
Castles
and
Forts
,
and
many
other
publick
works
built
by
the
Romans
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
Nations
of
the
World
,
serving
to
beautifie
and
adorn
as
well
as
strengthen
it
,
which
could
never
have
been
made
or
done
by
the
greedy
rates
of
workmen
,
or
the
extremities
or
hire
of
the
utmost
farthing
.
And
hence
it
will
be
now
time
to
imbark
for
old
England
and
our
British
Isles
,
the
more
antient
habitation
of
the
Britains
.
CHAP.
II.
Of
the
Use
and
Allowance
of
Pourveyance
in
England
,
and
our
British
Isles
WHere
those
prudential
as
well
as
antient
,
just
&
reasonable
Customes
,
being
by
a
long
usage
of
time
incorporated
into
the
Civil
Law
,
and
so
universally
allowed
and
received
amongst
many
Nations
,
as
they
may
well
be
said
to
be
established
jure
naturae
&
gentium
,
by
a
Law
of
Nature
and
Nations
,
could
not
be
any
stranger
,
when
as
the
Romans
by
the
conquest
of
it
,
and
the
Governors
and
Legions
transported
hither
,
were
not
likely
to
leave
behind
them
their
own
Lawes
and
Customes
,
especially
such
as
these
which
had
been
appropriated
to
Martiall
affairs
,
and
the
support
of
the
Honor
and
Dignity
of
the
Governours
or
Lievtenants
of
Provinces
.
For
in
Britain
when
Julius
Agricola
in
the
Reigns
of
Nero
and
Domitian
governed
for
the
Romans
,
such
kind
of
Pourveyance
for
publick
uses
,
or
support
of
the
Magistrate
was
taken
,
as
[
(d)
](A54682-e10370-b)
(d)
Tacitus
in
vita
Agricolae
.
Tacitus
his
Son
in
Law
in
his
life
relates
when
he
did
frumenti
&
tributorum
auctionem
aequalitate
munerum
mollire
circumscisis
quae
in
quaestum
reperta
,
mollifie
the
augmentation
of
Tribute
and
Corn
,
with
equal
dividing
of
burdens
,
cutting
of
those
petty
extortions
,
which
grieved
the
Subjects
(
more
then
the
Tribute
it self
)
for
it
seemed
that
the
Romans
had
ingrossed
all
the
Corn
of
the
Country
,
and
instituting
a
Monopoly
thereof
,
compelled
the
poor
Britains
to
buy
it
again
of
them
at
their
price
,
and
shortly
after
laying
a
new
charge
upon
them
,
as
to
victuall
the
Army
,
or
the
like
,
to
sell
it
again
under
foot
,
and
the
Cart-takers
for
carriage
of
provision
did
use
to
take
up
Carts
at
places
farre
distant
and
make
them
pay
well
to
be
spared
,
whereas
the
same
thing
,
saith
Sir
Hen.
Savile
the
learned
Scholiast
or
Commentator
upon
Tacitus
,
might
have
been
done
without
molestation
of
the
people
,
but
not
with
like
gain
to
the
Officers
;
nor
were
our
Ancestors
the
Britains
so
unhappy
in
their
friends
the
Saxons
,
likely
to
be
unlearned
in
those
customes
of
Pourveyance
,
when
that
great
and
famous
Lawyer
Papinian
,
did
afterwards
at
York
for
some
years
together
under
the
Emperor
Severus
,
as
our
great
[
(e)
](A54682-e10530-b)
(e)
Selden
dissertat
.
ad
Fletam
478.
&
479.
Selden
intimates
,
dicere
&
docere
jus
Caesareum
,
keep
the
Courts
of
Justice
according
to
the
Roman
Laws
,
and
that
those
Lawes
flourished
and
continued
here
as
directors
and
assistants
of
their
Government
for
more
then
350
years
after
,
that
is
to
say
from
the
fiftith
year
of
Christ
to
about
the
year
410
,
since
when
or
before
the
Irish
paid
very
antiently
their
Coshery
or
exactio
Dynastae
Hibernici
,
quando
ab
incolis
&
sub
ejus
potèstate
clientela
victum
&
hospitium
capiebat
pro
seipso
suaque
sequela
,
[
(f)
](A54682-e10630-b)
(f)
Ware
de
Antiquitatibus
Hiberniae
.
Tributes
to
their
Kings
or
Rulers
of
lodging
and
victuals
for
them
and
their
Retinue
,
and
so
long
continued
it
as
it
is
not
yet
out
of
the
memory
of
some
men
with
how
much
honour
and
esteem
an
Earl
of
Desmond
lived
in
the
Reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
amongst
his
Tenants
in
Ireland
,
where
when
he
yearly
made
his
Progress
,
they
having
comfortable
bargains
,
were
some
for
one
day
and
night
,
others
for
two
,
and
some
for
a
greater
part
of
time
,
to
entertain
him
and
his
no
small
company
.
And
those
reasonable
Customes
of
Pourveyance
without
destroying
of
property
have
not
been
disused
,
but
have
with
relation
to
publick
uses
or
benefits
kept
company
with
our
municipall
Lawes
and
Customes
during
all
the
Saxon
times
,
untill
the
Reign
of
Canutus
the
Danish
King
,
who
notwithstanding
his
Agreement
with
King
Edmond
Ironside
,
made
in
a
single
combat
in
Alney
Mead
before
Gloucester
in
Campo
Martio
view
of
the
Danish
and
English
Armies
,
to
divide
the
Kingdomes
of
England
and
Denmark
betwixt
them
,
having
by
the
death
of
that
valiant
Saxon
King
,
and
his
own
and
others
treachery
gained
and
gotten
to
himself
the
whole
Kingdome
,
murdered
Edmond
Ironsides
kindred
and
friends
,
denied
his
children
their
fathers
right
in
the
Kingdom
of
the
[
(g)
](A54682-e10810-b)
(g)
Simeon
Dunelm
,
175
,
176
,
&
178.
West
Sexes
,
&
banished
them
,
deprived
his
Cousin
Olaus
of
the
Kingdome
of
Norway
,
and
acting
an
haughty
and
domineering
Tyranny
,
thought
his
Prerogative
to
be
so
boundless
,
that
he
took
it
ill
that
the
[
(h)
](A54682-e10870-b)
(h)
Chronic.
Bromton
912.
Sea
(
which
is
only
commanded
by
him
that
stilleth
the
raging
waves
,
and
rideth
upon
the
wings
of
the
wind
)
did
not
adore
his
feet
,
and
run
back
like
the
river
Jordan
;
and
having
Demeasns
&
Provisions
enough
of
his
own
for
the
maintenance
of
his
Houshold
,
and
lazy
and
unruly
Lourdanes
,
did
in
a
contrivance
of
some
ease
to
the
people
in
small
or
less
considerable
matters
the
better
to
please
them
,
and
assure
his
new
Dominions
sapientum
adhibito
Consilio
,
by
advice
of
his
Parliament
or
[
(i)
](A54682-e10940-b)
(i)
LL.
Canuti
67.
Councill
in
Anno
1010.
ut
quo
prius
opprimabatur
onere
populum
liberaret
,
that
they
might
be
freed
from
the
burden
with
which
(
as
he
said
)
they
were
formerly
oppressed
;
amongst
other
things
,
by
a
Law
,
Order
and
Command
,
his
Officers
,
as
the
learned
Mr.
Lambard
hath
out
of
the
old
English
or
Saxon
published
it
,
ut
ex
aratione
&
praediis
suis
propriis
quae
sibi
fuerunt
ad
victum
necessaria
suppeditent
neque
alius
quisquam
victui
sui
adjumenta
praestare
invitus
cogatur
;
atque
si
eorum
aliquis
hoc
nomine
mulctam
petierit
is
proprii
capitis
estimationem
Regi
dependito
,
that
out
of
his
own
Demeasnes
they
should
provide
necessaries
for
his
Houshold
,
and
that
none
be
compelled
to
furnish
any
provisions
:
And
if
any
of
his
Officers
should
impose
any
penalty
upon
them
,
for
not
furnishing
such
provisions
,
he
should
himself
forfeit
or
pay
a
great
sum
of
money
,
amounting
to
near
as
much
as
he
was
worth
.
But
as
John
Bromton
,
who
wrote
in
the
Reign
of
King
Edward
the
third
,
hath
recited
that
Law
,
it
doth
something
differ
from
that
which
Mr.
Lamberd
hath
mentioned
,
and
is
only
in
these
words
,
praecipio
praepositis
meis
omnibus
ut
in
proprio
meo
lucrentur
,
&
inde
mihi
serviant
,
&
nemo
cogatur
ad
firmae
adjutorium
aliquid
dare
nisi
sponte
sua
velit
,
all
his
Reeves
(
or
Officers
)
were
commanded
that
they
should
make
the
best
profit
they
could
of
the
Kings
Lands
for
his
use
;
and
that
no
man
should
be
compelled
to
add
or
pay
any
thing
more
then
his
Rent
or
Farme
,
unless
he
should
do
it
of
his
own
accord
;
[
(k)
](A54682-e11060-b)
(k)
Chronic.
Johannis
Bromton
930.
Et
si
quis
aliquem
inde
gravabit
werae
sua
Reus
sit
erga
Regem
,
and
if
any
should
disturb
them
therein
they
should
forfeit
and
pay
a
Fine
to
the
King
.
And
that
Law
(
or
Edict
,
or
Proclamation
rather
then
a
Law
)
taken
as
it
is
either
in
Bromton
or
Lambard
,
was
but
only
intended
,
as
the
title
and
body
of
it
signifieth
,
de
victu
ex
praediis
regis
concerning
his
Tenants
in
his
own
Lands
and
Demeasnes
,
and
any
provisions
to
be
made
by
them
over
and
above
their
Rents
,
but
did
not
discharge
Cart-taking
,
or
other
parts
of
the
Royal
Pourveyance
in
his
own
Demeasnes
,
nor
extended
to
any
Lands
or
people
other
then
the
Kings
own
Demeasnes
,
and
can
signifie
no
more
then
his
desire
to
spare
the
Tenants
of
his
own
Lands
from
being
charged
with
any
provisions
for
his
House
,
who
,
as
Sir
Edward
Coke
saith
in
his
Comment
or
Annotations
upon
[
(l)
](A54682-e11140-b)
(l)
Coke
2.
part
.
institutes
Comment
▪
in
Artic.
super
Chartas
.
Magna
Charta
,
and
the
Statutes
of
Articuli
super
Chartas
,
being
the
Kings
Tenants
in
antient
Demeasne
,
have
ever
since
enjoyed
many
great
priviledges
,
as
to
be
free
from
payment
of
Toll
,
paying
of
wages
to
the
Knights
of
the
Shire
which
serve
in
Parliament
,
and
the
like
.
And
were
by
speciall
priviledge
granted
by
William
the
[
(m)
](A54682-e11210-b)
(m)
LL.
Gulielmi
Conquestoris
2.
Conqueror
,
to
have
upon
Judgements
obtained
against
any
that
did
them
wrong
,
double
the
forfeitures
and
penalties
(
or
damage
)
which
were
to
be
adjudged
to
any
other
.
And
the
word
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
as
Mr.
Somner
saith
in
his
Glossary
victum
propriè
sonans
,
signifying
only
some
provision
of
victuals
reserved
,
it
is
not
likely
that
,
the
firmae
adjutorium
in
Bromtons
Translation
of
that
Law
or
Edict
of
King
Canutus
could
be
meant
or
expounded
,
that
no
provisions
should
at
all
be
paid
;
for
then
it
would
have
signified
the
whole
Rents
to
have
been
acquitted
if
no
moneys
had
been
used
to
have
been
paid
together
with
provisions
.
Or
if
as
the
judicious
[
(n)
](A54682-e11310-b)
(n)
Spelmans
Glossar
.
in
verbo
fi●ma
274.
Sir
Hen.
Spelman
saith
,
the
word
Farme
doth
import
tam
redditus
pecuniarias
ex
elocatis
provenientes
quam
Annonarias
,
as
well
for
rent
in
money
as
corn
,
and
other
provisions
for
housekeepings
,
&
pro
caena
prandio
corrodio
convivio
epulis
et
omni
mensae
apparatu
sumitur
,
and
is
taken
for
a
Corrody
,
Supper
,
Dinner
,
Feast
,
or
any
other
provision
to
furnish
the
Table
;
and
that
some
money
and
some
provisions
were
paid
for
their
Rents
;
it
remains
a
doubt
what
that
favour
intended
by
Canutus
his
Law
or
Edict
should
be
interpreted
to
be
,
or
how
much
of
that
Kings
provisions
towards
the
keeping
and
maintenance
of
his
house
,
were
by
him
remitted
;
or
if
it
shall
be
understood
to
have
been
only
in
alba
firma
quae
argento
penditur
non
pecude
.
only
in
money
,
which
if
at
all
was
very
seldome
used
in
those
times
;
that
also
must
be
denied
to
have
been
either
the
meaning
or
practise
of
that
Law
or
Edict
of
Canutus
,
when
as
the
Tenants
of
the
Crown
have
been
found
to
have
paid
their
provisions
for
Housekeeping
in
Edward
the
Confessors
reign
before
the
Conquest
,
and
after
in
the
reigns
of
William
the
Conqueror
,
William
Rufus
,
and
part
of
the
reign
of
Henry
the
first
;
so
as
the
way
to
get
out
of
it
will
be
in
all
probability
to
understand
it
to
be
no
otherwise
then
a
fo●bidding
the
rapines
and
the
outragious
taking
of
the
peoples
Cattel
,
Corn
and
Provisions
by
his
unruly
Danes
,
who
had
so
lately
been
invading
and
plundering
enemies
,
and
were
scarcely
denizend
.
For
in
the
same
[
(o)
](A54682-e11470-b)
(o)
LL.
Canuti
78.
Parliament
we
find
his
Law
,
that
Dona
potionis
honoraria
aliaque
debita
Dominis
officia
in
suo
semper
statu
immutato
manerent
,
honorary
oblations
or
customes
for
drink
,
with
other
duties
(
of
Tenants
to
their
Lords
,
should
continue
as
formerly
and
remain
unchangeable
.
And
the
Customes
of
England
afterwards
extant
,
and
to
be
found
in
old
Charters
and
Doomsday
book
,
do
accordingly
often
mention
Bordland
to
find
provisions
for
the
Lords
Houses
or
Tables
,
Dro●land
,
to
drive
their
Ca●tel
to
Fairs
,
Markets
,
&c.
Berland
,
to
bear
or
carry
provision
of
victuals
or
the
like
for
them
or
their
Stewards
in
their
remove
from
place
to
place
▪
Po●ura
or
Drinklan
,
or
Scot
ale
,
a
Contribution
by
Tenants
towards
a
●otation
,
Drinking
,
or
an
Ale
,
provided
to
entertain
the
Lord
or
his
Steward
coming
to
keep
his
Courts
,
[
(p)
](A54682-e11580-b)
(p)
Somner
Treatise
of
Gavelkind
.
Gavel
Malt
,
Gavel
Corn
,
&
ad
defer●endum
&
cariandum
ad
costas
&
expensas
tenentium
usque
ad
granarium
▪
and
to
carry
it
at
the
Tenants
charges
to
the
Lords
Granary
,
Gabulum
mellis
or
Rent-honey
,
〈◊〉
-
gavel
,
Rent-oates
▪
Wood-lede
,
to
carry
home
his
wood
,
Gavel
or
Rent-timber
to
repair
his
house
,
and
Gavel
dung
,
to
carry
out
his
dung
,
often
used
in
Kent
,
where
they
think
that
in
liberties
and
priviledges
they
doe
surpass
most
of
the
other
parts
and
Provinces
of
England
.
And
could
at
the
same
time
also
lay
a
greater
burden
upon
the
people
then
his
pretended
ease
amounted
unto
in
that
his
Law
touching
his
own
Demeasnes
,
and
enjoyn
the
Romescot
or
Peter-pence
for
every
house
or
chimney
,
which
he
had
given
the
Pope
larga
ma●u
&
penhenniter
,
as
[
(q)
](A54682-e11710-b)
(q)
Chronic.
Bromton
912.
Bromton
saith
,
and
a
charge
upon
the
people
to
a
perpetuity
,
as
he
thought
of
that
which
the
former
Kings
had
made
,
but
some
temporary
grants
of
;
to
the
See
of
Rome
,
with
great
penalties
for
the
non
payment
thereof
:
And
under
severe
mulcts
comm●nded
the
yearly
payments
of
the
Ciricksea●
or
Oblations
for
First
fruits
to
the
Church
,
which
was
then
,
as
Mr.
Somner
saith
,
à
census
s●●e
in
gallinis
,
sive
in
aliis
rellus
pro
aedium
decima
solvendis
,
a
Rent
or
Duty
to
be
paid
in
Henns
or
other
things
for
the
Tithes
of
their
Houses
,
or
as
a
Symbolum
or
munus
,
gift
or
offering
.
And
though
William
the
Conqueror
had
a
great
affection
to
establish
Leges
Noricas
,
Danish
or
Norway
Lawes
then
used
in
many
Provinces
,
yet
was
England
so
happy
in
its
unhappiness
▪
as
he
did
not
,
but
precibus
Anglorum
atque
Normannorum
deprec●tus
,
tired
with
the
petitions
and
importunities
as
well
of
his
Normans
as
the
English
,
ut
per
animam
[
(r)
](A54682-e11900-b)
(r)
LL.
Edwardi
C●isessoris
.
Regis
Edwardi
qui
sibi
post
diem
suum
concesserat
c●ronam
&
regnum
,
&
cujus
erant
Leges
,
nec
aliorum
extraneorum
exaudiendo
concederet
eis
sub
legibus
perseverare
paternis
,
as
he
respected
the
soul
of
King
Edward
who
gave
him
the
Crown
and
Kingdome
,
and
whose
Lawes
they
were
,
and
not
any
strangers
,
that
he
would
not
hearken
unto
them
,
but
give
them
leave
to
enjoy
the
Lawes
of
their
Ancestors
;
whereupon
consilio
habito
&
precatu
Baronum
,
by
the
advice
and
counsel
of
the
Barons
,
when
his
conquering
Normans
as
well
as
the
subdued
English
thought
it
to
be
most
for
their
good
and
safety
to
be
governed
by
Edward
the
Confessors
Lawes
,
and
the
good
old
Customes
of
England
,
he
did
after
an
enquiry
of
[
(s)
](A54682-e11990-b)
(s)
Chronic.
Le●ebfeldense
.
duode●im
sapientiorum
de
quo
libet
comitatu
quibus
jurejurando
injunctum
fuit
,
twelve
of
the
wisest
men
of
every
County
upon
their
oaths
restore
to
them
patriae
leges
;
their
own
Laws
,
especially
the
Laws
of
[
(t)
](A54682-e12030-b)
(t)
LL.
Gulielmi
Conquestoris
,
59.
Edward
the
Confessor
,
which
were
first
instituted
by
King
Edgar
,
and
had
long
lain
asleep
;
but
at
the
same
time
took
a
care
by
a
Law
made
on
purpose
,
ne
quis
domino
suo
debitas
praestationes
(
which
did
then
and
antiently
signifie
services
and
duties
to
be
done
)
[
(u)
](A54682-e12080-b)
(u)
LL.
Gulielmi
Conquestoris
,
34.
subtrahat
propter
nullam
remissionem
quam
ei
antea
fe●erit
,
that
no
man
upon
any
release
or
discharge
made
thereof
should
withhold
or
deny
his
service
or
accustomed
dues
to
the
Lord
,
which
repealing
as
it
were
Canutus
his
Law
did
not
certainly
exclude
the
King
or
his
Successors
in
their
own
particulars
,
when
as
he
procured
by
another
Law
,
ut
jura
regia
illaesa
servare
pro
viribus
conentur
subditi
,
that
all
his
Subjects
should
endeavour
all
they
could
to
preserve
his
Regalities
,
Et
ex
illo
die
(
the
Laws
of
Canutus
vanishing
probably
as
those
of
Cromwell
did
)
Leges
Sancti
Edwardi
multa
autoritate
veneratas
,
&
per
universum
regnum
corroboratas
et
observatas
,
and
from
that
time
the
Lawes
of
Edward
the
Confessor
were
greatly
reverenced
,
and
through
all
England
observed
.
For
we
find
not
that
Law
of
Canutus
either
repeated
or
mentioned
(
as
the
Laws
of
some
of
the
Saxon
Kings
were
)
or
any
thing
of
that
nature
enacted
or
confirmed
in
or
by
the
Laws
of
Edward
the
Confessor
,
William
the
Conqueror
▪
or
King
Henry
the
the
First
;
but
on
the
contrary
the
Laws
of
Edward
the
Confessor
confirmed
by
William
the
Conqueror
doe
expresly
ordain
,
that
debent
enim
et
leges
e●
libertates
jura
,
et
justas
consuetudines
[
(x)
](A54682-e12290-b)
(x)
LL.
Edwardi
Confessor
.
regni
,
et
antiquas
a
bonis
predecessoribus
(
which
could
not
well
be
meant
or
intended
of
any
of
Canutus
▪
or
any
the
Denelage
or
Danish
Lawes
)
approbatas
inviolabiliter
modis
omnibus
pro
posse
suo
servare
,
every
man
ought
to
his
utmost
to
keep
and
conserve
the
Lawes
,
Liberties
and
Rights
,
and
the
just
and
antient
Customes
of
the
Kingdome
.
The
Abbot
of
Ramsey
was
by
a
Charter
of
William
the
Conqueror
exempt
from
[
*
](A54682-e12380-b)
*
Spelman
●n
verbo
Angaria
carriages
and
Pourveyance
.
And
the
Book
of
Doomesday
,
which
was
made
in
the
sixteenth
year
of
his
Reign
,
and
remains
ever
since
an
unquestionable
record
of
the
Kingdome
,
is
not
without
some
vestigia
or
footsteps
of
Pourveyance
in
the
Reign
of
that
good
,
and
to
this
day
ever
honored
King
,
Edward
the
Confessor
,
where
it
is
said
that
tempore
regis
Edwardi
reddebat
civitas
de
[
(y)
](A54682-e12470-b)
(y)
Tit.
Gloucestrescire
.
Gloucester
xxxvi
l.
numeratas
xii
.
sextaria
mellis
ad
mensuram
ejusdem
Burgi
,
&
xxxvi
.
Dacras
ferri
,
C.
virgas
ferras
ductiles
ad
claves
navium
Regis
,
&
quasdam
alias
minutas
consuetudines
in
Aula
&
in
Camera
Regis
,
in
the
time
of
King
Edward
the
Confessor
the
City
of
Gloucester
did
pay
yearly
six
and
thirty
pounds
in
money
,
twelve
measures
of
honey
containing
six
Gallons
a
piece
,
according
to
the
measure
of
the
Town
,
six
and
thirty
Dacres
(
a
proportion
then
known
by
that
term
)
of
Iron
,
and
one
hundred
Rods
of
Iron
,
to
make
nails
for
the
Kings
Ships
,
and
certain
other
small
Customes
for
the
Hall
and
Chamber
of
the
King
;
Et
in
Sciptone
Rex
tenet
de
annona
xv
l.
the
King
had
fifteen
pounds
per
annum
provision
of
corn
and
other
victuals
.
The
Bordarii
often
mentioned
in
Doomesday
Book
were
such
as
held
Lands
mensae
domini
designatas
&
esculenta
indicta
,
videlicet
ova
,
gallinas
,
aucas
,
porcellos
,
et
hujusmodi
ezhiberent
,
appropriate
to
a
Pourveyance
for
the
Kings
Table
,
furnishing
Eggs
,
Hens
,
Geese
,
Pork
and
the
like
;
and
for
the
Huscarles
or
houshold
servants
so
called
,
concerning
whom
it
is
there
said
[
(z)
](A54682-e12590-b)
(z)
Tit.
Dorsetscire
,
&
Spelman
in
verbo
Bordarii
202.
Et
gilda
pro
decem
hidis
,
scilicet
ad
opus
huscarlum
unam
marcam
argenti
,
and
he
paid
taxes
for
ten
hides
,
that
is
to
say
,
a
mark
of
silver
for
the
use
or
maintenance
of
them
,
Tit
,
Northantesceire
reddit
firmam
trium
noctium
(
vel
edulia
ad
caenam
unam
)
30.
lib.
ad
.
pondus
,
made
provision
for
one
night
of
the
value
of
thirty
pound
;
&
tit
.
Oxenefordsc
.
Comitatus
Oxeneford
reddit
[
(a)
](A54682-e12650-b)
(a)
Spelman
glossar
.
in
verbo
firma
275.
firmam
trium
noctium
,
hoc
est
100
lib.
furnisheth
provision
for
three
nights
of
the
value
of
100
pound
.
Et
Doomsd.
tit.
Wilts.
Wilton
.
quando
Rex
ibat
in
expeditione
,
vel
terra
,
vel
mari
habebat
de
hoc
manerio
xx
.
sol
.
ad
pascendos
suos
Buzcarlos
,
aut
unum
hominem
ducebat
secum
pro
honore
quinque
hidar●m
,
when
the
King
went
upon
any
expedition
by
land
or
sea
,
he
was
to
have
out
of
that
Manor
twenty
shillings
to
feed
his
Buzcarles
,
Mariners
or
Seamen
;
or
took
for
every
five
hides
of
land
,
or
that
then
(
esteemed
honorable
)
quantity
of
land
a
man
with
him
.
But
howsoever
if
that
of
Canutus
discharging
Pourveyance
were
a
Law
neither
altered
nor
repealed
,
it
did
but
like
his
Laws
touching
Ordeal
,
and
delivering
over
the
Murderer
to
the
Kindred
,
&
other
of
his
Laws
which
proved
to
be
unpracticable
,
rather
make
the
matter
worse
then
better
,
by
his
renouncing
Pourveyance
in
his
own
Demeasnes
:
for
that
Law
and
Resolution
of
his
did
meet
with
so
little
observance
,
as
in
the
Reign
of
King
William
Rufus
,
and
a
great
part
of
the
Reign
of
his
Brother
King
Henry
the
First
,
the
Kings
Servants
and
Court
for
want
of
their
former
provisions
grew
to
be
so
unruly
,
as
[
(b)
](A54682-e12760-b)
(b)
Hist.
Edmer
.
lib.
4.22.94
.
multitudo
eorum
qui
curiam
ejus
sequebantur
quaeque
pessunda●ent
diriperent
&
nulla
eos
cohibente
disciplina
totam
terram
per
quam
Rex
ibat
devastarent
;
and
a
multitude
following
the
Court
,
took
and
spoiled
every
thing
in
the
way
which
the
King
went
,
there
being
no
discipline
or
good
order
taken
;
Et
dum
reperta
in
Hospitiis
quae
invadebant
penitus
absumere
non
valebant
ea
aut
ad
forum
per
eosdem
ipsos
quorū
erant
pro
suo
lucro
ferre
ac
vendere
aut
supposito
igne
cremare
,
●ut
●i
potus
esset
lotis
exinde
equ●rum
suorum
pedibus
residuum
illius
per
terram
effundere
aut
aliquo
alio
modo
disperdere
solebant
;
and
when
they
could
not
consume
that
which
they
found
in
the
houses
whereinto
they
had
broken
,
made
the
owners
carry
it
to
the
Market
,
and
sell
it
for
them
,
or
else
burnt
their
provisions
,
or
if
it
were
drink
,
washed
their
horses
feet
with
it
,
or
poured
it
upon
the
ground
,
in
so
much
as
quique
pre●ognito
regis
adven●u
sua
habitac●l
a
fugithant
,
every
one
hearing
before
hand
of
the
Kings
coming
,
would
run
away
from
their
houses
,
which
probably
bringing
in
a
dearth
or
scarcity
of
co●n
,
might
be
the
cause
of
the
Tenants
of
the
Kings
Demeasne
Lands
,
bringing
in
the
later
end
of
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
First
,
(
for
then
it
was
and
not
before
,
as
it
appears
by
Edmerus
and
William
of
Malmsbury
who
lived
in
his
time
)
to
the
King
their
Plowshares
instead
of
Corn
to
Court
on
their
backs
,
and
making
heavy
complaints
of
their
poverty
and
misery
,
procured
that
King
to
change
their
Rents
,
which
before
were
used
to
be
paid
for
the
most
part
in
corn
,
cattle
and
provisions
,
and
were
wont
abundantly
to
supply
his
houshold
occasions
,
and
with
which
in
primitivo
regno
statu
post
conquisitionem
,
the
Kings
of
England
▪
from
the
Conquest
untill
then
did
plentifully
,
as
[
(c)
](A54682-e12870-b)
(c)
Lib.
rub
▪
in
Scaccario
.
Gervasius
Tilburien●is
,
who
lived
also
in
his
Reign
hath
related
defray
the
charges
of
their
Courts
and
Housholds
into
money
with
six
pence
in
the
pound
overplus
,
left
the
value
of
the
mony
should
afterwards
diminish
:
but
whether
Canut●●
his
Law
were
then
in
force
or
not
,
or
could
be
sufficient
to
abrogate
those
Jura
Majestatis
,
Rights
or
Prerogatives
of
our
English
Kings
,
we
find
King
Henry
the
first
after
those
disorders
(
in
his
greatest
compliance
with
the
English
,
and
his
need
of
their
aid
to
defend
him
against
the
pretensions
and
better
Title
of
his
elder
Brother
Robert
Duke
of
Normandy
,
and
his
cou●ting
of
them
unto
it
per
libertates
quas
sanctus
Rex
Edwardus
spiritu
Dei
provide
sancivit
,
by
the
antient
Lawes
and
Liberties
of
holy
King
Edward
,
which
he
had
granted
them
,
and
a
promise
to
grant
them
any
other
)
retaining
his
Pourveyance
,
[
(d)
](A54682-e12970-b)
(d)
Mat.
Paris
62.
and
putting
it
into
better
order
;
for
as
William
Malmesbury
hath
recorded
it
,
[
(e)
](A54682-e13000-b)
(e)
Malmesbury
lib
5.91
.
Curialibus
suis
ubicunque
villarum
esset
quantum
a
Rusticis
gratis
accipere
quantum
&
quoto
praetio
emere
debuissent
edixit
transgressores
,
vel
gravi
pecuniarum
mulcta
,
vel
vitae
dispendio
afficiens
,
directing
and
ordering
those
of
his
Court
in
whatsoever
places
he
should
abide
,
what
and
how
much
they
were
to
receive
from
the
Country
people
gratis
,
and
without
money
,
and
at
what
prices
and
rates
they
should
buy
other
things
,
under
great
penalties
of
money
or
punishment
by
death
,
and
was
optimatibus
venerabilis
&
provincialibus
amabilis
,
reverenced
by
the
Nobility
and
beloved
by
the
common
people
;
and
in
his
Charter
,
which
was
for
a
g●eat
part
of
it
the
original
of
our
Magna
Charta
,
where
[
(f)
](A54682-e13060-b)
(f)
Mat.
Paris
240.
&
258.
&
Charta
H.
1.
de
libertatibus
.
omnes
malas
consuetudines
quibus
regnum
Angliae
iniuste
opprimebatur
inde
aufert
,
he
took
away
all
the
evill
Customs
with
which
England
was
oppressed
;
Et
quas
,
as
the
Charter
saith
,
in
parte
hic
posuit
;
and
which
were
in
part
recited
,
and
with
which
the
discontented
Barons
&
Nobility
of
England
claiming
their
antient
Liberties
,
were
so
well
contented
in
the
14.
year
of
the
Reign
of
King
John
,
when
Steven
Langton
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
produced
it
unto
them
,
as
,
gavisi
sunt
gaudio
magno
valdè
&
juraverunt
omnes
quod
pro
hiis
libertatibus
si
necesse
fuerit
decertabunt
usque
ad
mortem
;
they
greatly
rejoyced
,
and
swore
that
they
would
if
need
were
contend
unto
death
for
those
Liberties
:
there
is
no
mention
of
any
evil
in
Pourveyance
,
nor
any
order
for
the
taking
of
them
away
.
And
might
as
justly
&
rationally
continue
in
the
Raign
of
King
Henry
the
second
his
Grandchild
,
as
that
custome
or
usage
for
the
Bishops
and
dignified
Clergy
to
take
their
provisions
of
the
Inferior
Clergy
,
and
their
Carriages
or
Carts
which
Pope
Alexander
in
a
Councel
or
Synod
held
at
Rome
,
where
were
present
the
Bishops
of
Durham
,
Norwich
,
Hereford
and
Bath
,
and
divers
Abbots
sent
from
England
,
did
notwithstanding
many
complaints
not
against
the
Pourveyance
it self
,
but
the
immoderate
use
of
it
,
onely
limit
and
restrain
them
,
secundum
tolerantiam
in
illis
locis
in
quibus
am●liores
fuerint
redditus
&
Ecclesiasticae
facultates
,
De●retum
Alexandri
Papae
in
parte
posteriori
,
Annal
Rogeri
de
Hoveden
,
333.
in
pauperibus
autem
mensura
tenenda
,
to
be
moderately
taken
in
such
places
as
had
more
large
possessions
and
Ecclesiastical
Revenues
,
and
less
of
those
who
were
in
a
poorer
condition
;
and
then
and
long
before
the
Domini
hundredorum
,
Lords
or
great
men
having
the
command
or
jurisdiction
of
Hundreds
,
uti
comes
aut
vicecomes
as
the
Ea●l
or
Sheriff
of
the
County
had
,
Spelman
glossar
in
voce
Hundredus
.
multa
inde
auxilia
tributa
sectas
aliasque
praestationes
cum
ad
utilitatem
tum
ad
voluptatē
Cererē
nempe
&
frumentū
receperunt
,
&c
and
received
many
aids
,
tributes
,
and
Pourveyances
aswel
conducing
to
their
profit
as
pleasure
cujus
hodie
nomine
Annuum
penditur
tributum
pecuniarum
,
for
which
now
there
is
a
certain
rent
in
mony
paid
.
Nor
could
the
rights
of
Pou●veyance
&
Prae-emption
be
any
thing
less
then
denizend
in
Scotland
,
or
the
Northern
parts
of
our
British
Isles
,
when
as
the
Civil
and
universal
Law
of
the
World
was
there
so
long
ago
entertained
,
and
yet
continues
the
great
Director
and
Guider
of
their
Justice
,
where
in
Anno
1487.
in
an
Act
of
[
(h)
](A54682-e13400-b)
(h)
14.
Parliament
King
James
the
3.
Parliament
made
by
King
James
the
third
anent
strange●s
bringing
in
victuals
and
utheris
merchandice
,
it
is
provided
,
that
quhair
any
victuals
of
merchandise
cummis
,
gaining
for
the
King
,
that
his
Comptroller
after
that
the
price
be
maide
with
the
strangers
sall
have
sa
meikle
of
the
first
and
best
as
is
needful
to
the
Kings
proper
use
for
the
quihilk
full
payment
but
delay
;
and
their
learned
Craig
in
the
Reign
of
our
King
James
doubts
not
to
reckon
the
Angari●
&
Parangariae
plaustrorum
&
navium
praestationes
,
furnishing
of
Carriages
and
Ships
for
publick
uses
,
inter
ea
quae
Regalia
dicuntur
,
&
quae
in
annexo
patrimonio
numerantur
,
amongst
those
Regalities
which
are
annexed
to
the
Crown
of
Scotland
[
(i)
](A54682-e13490-b)
(i)
Craig
.
de
feudis
apud
S●o●os
D●eg
.
14.
eo
quod
ad
conservandam
Regni
dignitatem
ex
consensu
ordinum
constituta
sunt
,
in
regard
that
by
the
consent
of
the
Estates
is
thereby
conserved
the
dignity
of
the
Kingdom
.
And
their
Ce●sus
Cani
,
Rent
or
Provision
,
quh●●t
,
beir
,
aytes
,
or
uther
kind
of
victuals
,
reckoned
by
Bolls
of
Wheat
,
[
(k)
](A54682-e13550-b)
(k)
Skene
de
verbor●●
significatione
.
and
Chalders
of
victuals
,
not
yet
forsaken
or
laid
by
,
may
induce
any
man
to
believe
that
they
were
well
acquainted
with
those
just
and
ancient
observances
.
And
in
that
Charter
of
our
King
Johns
at
[
(l)
](A54682-e13580-b)
(l)
Mat.
Paris
323.
Running
Mede
near
Stanes
(
being
the
same
word
for
word
which
was
after
so
long
and
bloody
warres
confirmed
,
by
King
Henry
the
third
)
which
was
made
when
his
weaker
forces
were
ready
to
be
encountred
by
a
farre
stronger
of
his
boysterous
Barons
,
there
is
no
denying
of
Prae-emption
and
the
reasonable
part
of
Pourveyance
,
the
former
of
which
as
long
as
the
fifth
Commandement
in
the
Decalogue
,
and
the
acknowledgements
and
respects
of
inferiors
to
superiors
,
the
honor
due
to
Kings
&
Patribus
Patriae
,
and
the
common
civilities
of
mankind
shall
continue
in
force
,
and
be
practised
and
unrepealed
,
is
certainly
to
be
continued
,
and
should
not
be
disturbed
by
any
the
Sons
of
men
who
would
preserve
the
honour
and
dignity
of
their
Prince
and
Common
Parent
;
for
it
was
there
only
agreed
that
nullus
constabularius
vel
Ballivus
noster
capiat
blada
vel
alia
Catalla
alicujus
nisi
statim
inde
reddat
denarios
;
No
Constable
or
Bayliff
of
the
King
shall
without
present
payment
take
any
Corn
or
Cattle
of
any
mans
,
aut
respectum
inde
habeat
de
voluntate
venditoris
,
unless
the
Seller
should
be
contented
to
give
day
for
it
[
(m)
](A54682-e13660-b)
(m)
Charta
Regis
Johannis
de
libertatibus
Angliae
.
9
H.
3.
ca.
19.
&
21.
Et
nullus
Ballivus
noster
▪
vel
Vice-comes
,
vel
alius
capiat
equos
,
vel
caretas
alicujus
pro
cariagio
faciendo
nisi
reddat
liberationem
antiquitus
statutum
scilicet
pro
careta
ad
duos
equos
decem
denarios
per
diem
,
&
pro
careta
ad
tres
equos
quatuordecim
denarios
per
diem
;
And
that
none
of
the
Kings
Bailiffs
,
Under
Sheriffs
or
other
take
any
mans
carts
or
horses
for
the
Kings
carriages
without
paying
the
antient
rate
or
Livree
appointed
,
that
is
to
say
for
a
Cart
and
two
Horses
ten
pence
a
day
,
and
for
a
Cart
and
three
Horses
fourteen
pence
.
Nor
did
the
Conservatores
libertatum
Angliae
enforced
upon
[
(n)
](A54682-e13740-b)
(n)
Mat.
Paris
641.
King
Henry
the
third
in
his
troublesome
Reign
make
any
quarrels
or
restrictions
concerning
it
.
In
Charta
Foreste
made
at
the
same
time
,
no
[
(o)
](A54682-e13790-b)
(o)
9
H.
3
ca.
7.
Foster
or
Bedil
was
to
make
Scota●●
,
or
gather
Garb
,
Oats
,
Corn
,
Lamb
or
Pig
,
nor
any
gathering
but
by
the
view
and
oath
of
twelve
Rangers
,
the
Exception
allowing
the
things
in
casibus
non
exceptis
,
and
proving
that
such
things
might
in
such
manner
be
then
reasonably
and
lawfully
taken
.
And
in
that
Kings
Regin
Writs
were
frequently
sent
to
the
Sheriffs
,
as
appeareth
in
the
[
(p)
](A54682-e13840-b)
(p)
Ro.
Claus.
H.
3.
close
Rolls
,
to
make
provisions
of
Mutton
,
Puletry
,
Geese
,
Eggs
,
&c.
against
Christmas
and
other
principal
Feasts
,
and
sometimes
to
the
Chamberlains
of
London
to
make
provision
of
wine
,
Spices
and
Furres
to
be
paid
de
denariis
Regis
,
and
at
other
times
to
some
others
to
make
provision
of
Corn
,
Bacon
,
&c.
for
fortifying
a
Castle
,
promising
that
the
Sheriff
should
make
payment
,
and
be
allowed
upon
his
accompt
out
of
the
profits
of
the
County
,
so
as
although
the
provisions
for
the
Kings
own
Houshold
,
or
for
publick
uses
,
were
not
taken
without
monies
to
be
paid
for
them
,
yet
they
were
,
as
it
may
well
be
supposed
,
at
reasonable
prices
,
and
by
a
priviledge
or
prerogative
of
Praeemption
,
and
not
alwayes
at
such
prices
as
the
avaritious
humour
of
the
Sellers
should
exact
,
Brook
Leet
26.
Dier
13.
Coke
2.
part
.
Institutes
72.
when
the
Sheriffs
in
their
Turns
or
Leets
might
compel
them
to
reasonable
rates
.
And
Sir
Edward
Coke
will
hardly
be
brought
off
from
a
mistake
,
in
alledging
in
his
Comment
upon
the
Statute
of
Artic●li
super
Chartas
,
that
when
the
Kings
of
Englands
provisions
[
(q)
](A54682-e14150-b)
(q)
C●ke
2
par●e
institutes
&
in
Artic.
super
●ha●tas
543
began
to
fail
,
and
could
not
be
had
as
formerly
out
of
their
own
Demeasnes
,
there
were
Markets
kept
at
the
Court
gates
,
which
being
not
in
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
first
,
who
changed
his
Provision
Rent
into
money
,
doe
not
appear
to
have
been
afterwards
in
his
time
,
or
of
the
next
succeeding
Kings
,
Stephen
,
Henry
the
2.
Richard
the
1
▪
or
King
John
,
and
King
Hen.
3.
who
needed
not
to
have
made
use
of
his
Sheriffs
to
have
furnished
his
Christmas
or
other
houshold
provisions
,
if
Markets
with
that
decency
and
regard
which
belonged
to
a
Kings
Court
,
where
those
great
Kings
,
and
a
daily
confluence
of
their
then
no
small
Nobility
,
with
their
usual
Trains
and
Attendants
,
and
many
times
forreign
Princes
or
their
Ambassadors
were
to
pass
,
had
been
or
were
then
kept
at
the
Court
gates
:
for
[
(r)
](A54682-e14260-b)
(r)
Britton
de
me●ures
ca.
30.
Britton
who
wrote
in
the
Reign
of
King
Edward
the
first
,
only
saith
that
the
Clerk
of
the
Market
,
or
he
which
was
to
look
to
the
measures
was
to
goe
with
his
Standard
from
Market
to
Market
when
he
found
the
Market
to
be
within
the
Virg●
,
otherwise
to
make
the
Bayliffs
to
appear
before
him
.
Tertio
Ed.
1.
ca.
7.
it
was
enacted
,
that
of
Prises
taken
by
the
Constables
or
Castellanes
upon
such
folk
as
be
not
of
the
Towns
where
the
Castles
are
,
no
Constable
or
Castellane
from
thenceforth
should
exact
any
price
or
like
thing
of
any
other
then
of
such
as
be
of
the
Town
or
Castle
;
and
that
it
be
paid
,
or
else
agreement
made
within
forty
daies
,
if
it
be
not
an
antient
price
due
to
the
King
,
or
to
the
Castle
,
or
the
Lord
of
the
Castle
.
Tempore
Ed.
1.
ca.
2.
It
was
ordained
that
no
Officers
of
the
King
or
of
his
Heirs
should
take
Corn
,
Leather
,
Cattel
,
ot
any
other
goods
of
any
manner
of
person
without
the
good
will
and
assent
of
the
party
to
whom
the
goods
belonged
:
And
ca.
3.
the
King
granted
for
him
and
his
Heirs
that
all
Clerks
&
Lay-men
of
the
Land
,
should
have
their
Laws
Liberties
and
free
Customes
as
largely
and
wholly
as
they
have
used
to
have
the
same
at
any
time
when
they
had
them
best
.
And
if
any
Statutes
have
been
made
by
him
or
his
Ancestors
,
or
any
Customes
brought
in
contrary
to
them
or
any
manner
of
Article
contained
in
that
Charter
,
willed
and
granted
that
such
manner
of
Statutes
and
Customes
should
be
void
and
frustrate
for
ever
.
Anno
28
Ed.
1.
Artic.
super
Charta●
ca.
2.
upon
complaint
that
the
Kings
Ministers
of
his
house
did
to
the
great
grievance
and
damage
of
the
people
take
the
goods
as
well
of
the
Clergy
as
the
Laity
without
paying
any
thing
,
or
els
much
less
then
the
value
;
It
was
ordained
that
no
Pourveyors
should
take
any
thing
but
for
the
Kings
House
;
and
touching
such
things
as
they
should
take
in
the
Country
of
meat
and
drink
,
and
such
other
mean
things
necessary
for
the
house
,
they
should
pay
or
make
agreement
with
them
of
whom
the
things
should
be
taken
,
nor
take
more
then
should
be
needfull
to
be
used
for
the
King
,
his
Houshold
and
Children
,
with
a
Proviso
therein
,
that
nevertheless
the
King
and
his
Counsel
did
not
intend
by
that
Estatute
to
diminish
the
Kings
Right
for
the
antient
prices
due
and
accustomed
,
as
of
wines
and
other
goods
,
but
that
his
Right
should
be
saved
unto
him
in
all
points
.
Anno
16
Ed.
2.
[
(s)
](A54682-e14530-b)
(s)
Hill.
16
E.
2.
the
King
sent
his
Writ
to
the
Justices
of
the
Court
of
Kings
Bench
,
then
not
so
fixed
as
now
or
of
later
times
,
to
command
them
to
take
care
to
punish
the
Infringers
of
those
Lawes
.
And
howsoever
the
Articles
and
inquiries
in
the
Eyres
in
the
Reign
of
King
Edward
the
first
were
to
enquire
and
punish
those
Sheriffs
,
Constables
or
Bayliffs
which
took
any
victuals
or
provisions
for
the
King
or
his
Houshould
(
which
shews
that
then
also
no
Markets
were
kept
at
the
Court
gates
,
nor
that
all
the
Kings
provisions
were
there
bought
or
taken
)
contra
voluntatem
eorum
quorum
Catalla
fuerint
,
without
the
will
of
the
owners
(
which
in
all
probability
was
to
be
regulated
and
perswaded
by
that
duty
and
loyalty
which
every
good
Subject
coming
to
a
Country
or
City
Market
did
bear
to
his
Soveraign
,
and
the
Preserver
by
his
authority
and
power
of
not
only
what
they
brought
to
Market
that
day
,
but
what
was
left
at
home
,
or
to
be
brought
at
other
times
to
Market
)
and
the
words
sine
consensu
&
voluntate
,
&c.
without
the
consent
of
the
Seller
are
to
be
interpreted
and
understood
,
saith
Sir
[
(t)
](A54682-e14600-b)
(t)
Coke
2.
parte
Institut.
543.
Edward
Coke
to
have
been
inserted
in
that
and
other
Statutes
;
for
that
Pourveyers
would
take
the
goods
of
such
men
as
had
no
will
to
sell
them
,
but
to
spend
them
for
their
own
necessary
use
.
But
afterwards
some
abuses
like
weeds
getting
in
amongst
the
best
,
corn
or
greatest
care
of
the
watchfull
Husbandman
happening
in
the
manner
of
Pourveyances
,
by
taking
them
without
warrant
or
threatning
the
Sellers
or
Assessors
to
make
easie
prices
,
or
not
paying
ready
money
or
the
Market
rate
for
them
,
or
taking
more
then
they
needed
,
or
by
greater
measures
,
&
making
the
Pourveyances
for
divers
Noble-men
belonging
to
the
Court
,
as
of
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
in
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
sixth
:
and
in
his
time
also
some
Hostlers
,
Brewers
,
and
other
Victuallers
keeping
Hosteries
and
Houses
of
retailing
victuals
in
divers
places
of
the
Realm
,
having
purchased
the
Kings
Letters
Patents
,
to
take
Horses
and
Carts
for
the
service
of
the
King
and
Queen
,
did
by
colour
of
them
take
horses
where
no
need
was
,
and
bring
them
to
their
Hosteries
and
other
places
,
and
there
keep
them
secretly
untill
they
had
spent
xx
.
d
.
or
xl.d.
of
their
stuff
,
and
sometimes
more
,
and
then
make
the
owners
pay
it
before
their
horses
could
be
delivered
,
and
sometimes
made
them
pay
a
Fine
at
their
will
,
and
at
other
times
took
Fines
to
shew
favour
,
and
not
to
take
their
horses
,
and
many
times
would
not
pay
for
the
hire
of
the
said
horses
and
carts
,
divers
Acts
of
Parliament
upon
complaints
at
several
times
in
Parliament
of
the
said
abuses
committed
by
Pourveyers
were
made
to
prohibit
and
provide
against
them
,
but
none
at
all
to
take
away
the
Pourveyance
it
self
,
or
Prae-emption
,
or
the
Kings
just
Rights
and
Prerogatives
therein
,
but
a
saving
of
the
Kings
Rights
especially
provided
for
in
many
of
them
,
as
Anno
10
Ed.
3.
ca.
4.
The
Sheriff
shall
make
Pourveyance
for
the
Kings
horses
.
Anno
18
Ed.
3.
ca.
4.
In
the
Commissions
to
be
made
for
Pourveyance
the
Fees
of
the
Church
shall
be
exempted
in
every
place
where
they
be
found
.
Anno
25
Ed.
3.
ca.
1.
after
that
in
Anno
20
Ed.
3.
divers
Pourveyers
had
been
attainted
and
hanged
for
fending
against
those
Lawes
:
and
that
in
the
23.
year
of
that
Kings
Reign
divers
of
the
Kings
Pourveyers
were
indited
for
breach
of
those
Lawes
.
It
was
enacted
that
If
any
Pourveyer
of
victuals
for
the
King
Queen
or
their
Children
should
take
Corn
,
Litter
or
Victuals
without
ready
mony
at
the
price
it
commonly
runneth
in
the
Market
,
prized
by
Oath
▪
by
the
Constable
and
other
good
people
of
the
Town
,
he
shall
be
arrested
,
and
if
attainted
,
suffer
pains
as
a
Thief
if
the
quantity
of
the
goods
the
same
require
.
Cap.
6.
No
Pourveyer
shall
take
,
cut
or
●ell
wood
or
Timber
for
the
Kings
use
for
work
growing
near
any
mans
dwelling
house
.
Et
cap.
7
,
Keepers
of
Forrests
or
Chaces
shall
gather
nothing
,
nor
victuals
,
nor
sustenance
without
the
owners
good
will
,
but
that
which
is
due
of
old
right
.
Cap.
15.
If
any
Pourveyer
take
more
sheep
then
shall
be
needfull
,
and
be
thereof
attainted
,
it
shall
be
done
to
him
as
a
Thief
or
a
Robber
.
Anno
36
Ed.
3.
ca.
6.
No
Lord
of
England
nor
none
other
of
the
Realm
of
what
estate
or
condition
that
he
be
,
except
the
King
and
the
Queen
his
wife
shall
make
any
taking
by
him
or
any
of
his
Servants
of
any
manner
of
victuals
,
but
shall
buy
the
same
that
they
need
of
such
as
will
sell
the
same
of
their
good
will
,
and
for
the
same
shall
make
ready
payment
in
hand
according
as
they
may
agree
with
the
seller
.
And
if
the
people
of
Lords
,
or
of
other
,
doe
in
other
manner
,
and
thereof
be
attainted
,
such
punishment
of
life
and
of
member
shall
be
done
of
them
as
is
ordered
of
the
buyers
,
the
occasion
of
the
making
of
which
Statute
,
and
the
preceding
Act
of
Parliament
of
25
Ed.
6.
before
mentioned
,
Sir
[
(x)
](A54682-e15030-b)
(x)
Coke
2.
part
.
Institutes
545.
Edward
Cook
informes
us
was
a
book
written
in
Latin
by
Simon
Islip
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
(
and
before
that
a
Secretary
of
State
and
Privy
Councellor
)
to
King
Ed.
3.
called
Speculum
Regis
,
sharpely
inveying
against
the
intollerable
abuses
of
Pourveyers
and
Pourveyance
in
many
particulars
,
and
earnestly
advising
▪
and
pressing
him
to
provide
remedies
for
those
insufferable
oppressons
and
wrongs
offered
to
his
Subjects
,
which
the
King
often
perusing
,
it
wrought
such
effect
,
as
at
divers
of
his
Parliaments
,
but
especially
in
his
Parliament
holden
in
the
36
year
of
his
Reign
,
he
did
of
his
own
will
without
the
motion
of
the
great
men
or
Commons
,
as
the
Record
of
Parliament
speaketh
,
cause
to
be
made
many
excellent
Laws
against
the
oppressions
and
falshood
of
Pourvey●rs
.
2
R.
2.
ca.
1.
Upon
complaint
made
in
Parliament
,
that
Pourveyors
and
Buyers
did
take
Provisions
of
the
Clergy
,
and
enforce
them
to
make
carriages
against
their
Liberties
;
It
was
enacted
that
the
holy
Church
should
have
and
enjoy
her
Franchises
and
Liberties
in
all
points
in
as
ample
manner
as
she
had
in
the
time
of
the
Kings
noble
Progenitors
Kings
of
England
;
and
that
the
great
Charter
,
and
the
Charter
of
the
Forest
,
and
the
good
Laws
of
the
Land
be
firmly
holden
and
kept
,
and
put
in
due
execution
,
saving
to
the
King
his
Regality
(
which
is
in
the
Record
,
but
omitted
in
the
Print
;
)
by
which
Statute
saith
[
(y)
](A54682-e15150-b)
(y)
Coke
2.
part
.
Institutes
Comment.
in
confi●mationes
Chartarum
526
Sir
Edward
Coke
,
there
was
nothing
enacted
but
what
was
included
in
Magna
Charta
.
And
in
the
same
Parliament
it
was
ordained
that
the
Statutes
heretofore
made
should
be
kept
;
and
that
[
(z)
](A54682-e15220-b)
(z)
Petitions
in
Parliament
,
2
R.
2.
all
Clerks
should
have
their
Actions
against
such
Pourveyors
by
Actions
of
Trespass
,
and
thereby
recover
treble
damages
.
And
in
7
R.
2.
cap.
8.
it
was
ordained
that
no
Subjects
Chator
shall
take
any
victuals
or
carriages
to
the
use
of
their
Lords
or
Ladies
without
the
owners
good
will
,
and
the
party
endamaged
,
if
he
will
,
shall
have
his
Suit
at
the
Common
Law
.
2
H.
4.
cap.
15.
Pourveyance
of
the
value
of
forty
shillings
or
under
for
the
Kings
house
shal
,
l
be
paid
for
presently
upon
pain
of
forfeiture
of
the
Pourveyors
Office
.
23
H.
6.
ca.
14.
If
any
Buyer
or
other
Officer
of
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
or
of
any
other
Lord
or
person
,
take
any
Victuals
,
Corn
,
Hey
,
Carriages
,
or
any
other
thing
of
the
Kings
Liege
people
against
their
will
,
or
without
lawfull
bargain
,
but
only
for
the
King
and
the
Queen
and
their
houses
,
they
shall
be
arrested
;
and
if
any
of
the
said
buyers
other
then
of
the
King
and
Queen
shall
be
convicted
of
such
unlawfull
taking
he
shall
pay
treble
damages
.
28
H.
6.
ca.
2.
None
shall
take
any
persons
Horses
or
Carts
without
the
delivery
of
the
Owner
or
some
Officer
,
nor
any
money
to
spare
them
,
saving
alwayes
to
the
King
his
Prerogative
and
his
Preheminence
of
and
in
the
premisses
.
And
in
the
care
of
our
Kings
to
redress
the
peoples
grievances
,
and
satisfie
their
complaints
against
the
Pourveyors
rather
then
the
Royal
Pourveyances
;
it
may
be
understood
also
that
they
did
not
altogether
lay
aside
the
preservation
and
care
of
those
antient
and
most
necessary
rights
and
parts
of
the
Kingly
Prerogative
,
by
their
Answers
given
in
divers
Parliaments
to
the
Petitions
of
the
People
concerning
it
,
as
13
Ed.
3.
The
Commons
pray
in
Parliament
,
that
all
Pourveyors
as
well
with
Commission
as
without
shall
be
arrested
if
they
make
not
present
pay
;
whereupon
it
was
agreed
that
the
Commissioners
of
Sir
William
Heallingford
,
and
all
other
Commissioners
for
Pourveyance
for
the
King
be
utterly
void
.
14
Ed
3.
Ordered
that
the
Chancellor
by
Writs
doe
pay
the
Merchants
of
Barton
and
Lynne
for
their
Pourveyance
of
corne
.
17
Ed.
3.
The
Commons
pray
that
remedies
may
be
had
against
the
outragious
taking
of
Pourveyors
.
The
Statutes
made
shall
be
kept
,
and
better
,
if
it
may
be
,
devised
.
20
Ed.
3.
That
payment
be
made
for
the
last
taking
of
victuals
.
Order
shall
be
taken
therein
.
They
pray
that
Pourveyors
not
taking
the
Constables
with
them
according
to
the
Statute
of
Westminster
,
shall
be
taken
as
Theeves
,
and
the
Judges
or
Justices
of
Assize
or
the
Peace
may
inquire
of
the
same
.
The
Statutes
made
shall
be
observed
.
21
Ed.
3.
Upon
a
complaint
of
the
Commons
,
whereas
in
the
Parliament
in
anno
17.
and
the
next
Parliament
before
,
it
was
accorded
that
Commissions
should
not
issue
out
of
the
Chancery
for
Hoblers
,
and
taking
of
Victuals
,
&c.
the
said
Ordinances
are
not
kept
.
If
any
such
Imposition
was
made
,
the
same
was
made
upon
great
necessity
,
and
with
consent
of
the
Prelates
,
Counts
,
Barons
,
&
Autres
grandees
,
and
some
of
the
Commons
then
present
,
notwithstanding
the
King
will
not
that
such
undue
Imposition
be
drawn
into
consequence
,
but
willeth
that
the
Ordinances
in
this
Petition
mentioned
be
well
kept
.
And
as
touching
the
taking
of
victuals
,
alwayes
saving
the
Kings
Prerogative
,
his
will
is
,
that
agreement
be
made
with
such
of
whom
the
same
are
and
shall
be
taken
.
The
Commons
alleaging
,
That
whereas
it
was
lately
ordained
and
assented
by
the
King
and
hîs
Council
,
that
men
and
horses
of
the
Kings
Houshold
should
not
be
harbinged
in
any
part
of
the
Country
,
but
by
Bill
of
the
Marshall
of
the
House
delivered
to
the
Constable
,
who
should
cause
them
to
have
good
sustenance
for
themselves
and
their
horses
as
should
be
meet
,
and
cause
their
victuals
to
be
prised
by
the
men
of
the
same
Towns
,
and
before
their
departures
should
pay
the
parties
of
whom
the
victuals
were
taken
,
and
if
they
did
not
their
horses
should
be
arrested
;
and
that
contrary
hereunto
they
depart
without
payment
,
pray
that
in
every
Bill
mention
be
made
of
the
number
of
horses
,
and
that
no
more
but
one
Garson
be
allowed
,
and
that
payment
according
to
the
Statute
may
be
made
from
day
to
day
.
The
King
is
pleased
that
this
Article
be
kept
in
all
points
according
to
the
form
of
the
Statute
.
They
complain
that
the
Pourveyors
of
the
King
,
Queen
and
Prince
severally
doe
come
yearly
assess
and
Towns
severally
at
ten
Quarters
of
Oates
more
or
less
at
their
pleasure
,
and
the
same
doe
cause
to
be
carried
away
without
paying
for
the
same
;
and
pray
that
such
Tallages
and
Pourveyance
may
be
taken
away
.
The
King
will
forbid
it
,
and
that
no
man
take
contrary
to
such
prohibition
,
saving
to
him
,
the
Queen
his
companion
,
and
their
Children
,
their
rightfull
takings
.
Eodem
Parliamento
,
whereas
the
horses
of
the
King
,
Queen
&
Prince
do
wander
into
divers
parts
,
doing
much
hurt
and
damage
to
the
people
,
and
that
hay
,
oats
,
&c.
are
taken
contrary
to
the
Ordinances
already
made
,
the
Commons
pray
,
That
the
King
will
ordain
that
those
horses
may
abide
in
some
certain
place
of
the
Country
where
they
are
,
and
that
Pourveyance
may
be
had
for
them
in
convenient
time
of
the
year
by
the
Deputies
,
as
may
be
agreed
between
them
and
the
owners
of
those
goods
.
The
King
is
well
pleased
that
the
Ordinances
already
made
shall
be
kept
,
and
that
Pourveyances
may
be
made
for
his
best
profit
and
ease
of
his
People
.
45
Ed.
3.
That
no
Pourveyance
be
made
for
the
King
but
for
ready
money
,
and
that
the
King
be
served
by
common
measure
.
The
Statutes
made
before
shall
be
observed
.
They
complain
of
the
decay
of
the
Navy
by
reason
tha●
sundry
mens
ships
were
stayed
for
the
King
long
before
they
served
,
the
Masters
of
the
Kings
Ships
doe
take
up
Masters
of
the
Ships
as
good
as
themselves
.
The
King
will
provide
Remedy
.
46
Ed.
3.
They
complain
that
Ships
arrested
have
been
kept
a
quarter
of
a
year
before
they
pass
out
of
the
Port
,
and
in
that
time
the
Masters
or
Marriners
have
no
wages
.
Y
pleist
al
Roy
que
le
Navie
soit
maintain
&
garde
a
greindre
ease
et
profit
que
fair
se
poet
.
Eodem
Parliamento
,
The
Commons
desire
the
King
and
his
Councill
,
that
whereas
it
is
granted
that
no
Pourveyance
be
but
where
payment
is
made
at
the
taking
,
that
it
will
please
him
that
his
Ordinance
be
holden
as
it
was
granted
.
It
pleaseth
the
King
,
that
he
that
findeth
himself
grieved
shall
pursue
it
,
and
right
shall
be
done
him
.
47
Ed.
3.
That
the
Statute
made
whereby
buyers
of
the
Kings
Houshold
should
pay
readily
may
stand
,
and
that
no
man
be
impeached
for
resisting
them
therein
.
The
Statute
therefore
provided
shall
be
kept
,
and
who
will
complain
shall
be
heard
.
Eodem
Parliamento
,
That
Masters
of
Ships
and
their
Mariners
may
be
paid
their
wages
from
the
day
of
their
being
appointed
to
serve
the
King
.
Taking
of
Ships
shall
not
be
but
for
necessity
,
and
payment
shall
be
reasonable
as
heretofore
.
They
pray
,
That
Masters
of
Ships
may
have
allowance
for
their
Tackling
worn
in
the
Kings
service
.
Such
allowance
hath
not
been
heretofore
made
.
50
Ed.
3.
That
the
Kings
Carriages
for
himself
and
his
Houshold
may
be
of
Carts
and
Horses
of
his
own
,
and
not
to
charge
the
Commons
therewith
.
The
King
knoweth
not
how
these
things
may
be
brought
to
pass
,
but
if
they
be
he
will
charge
the
Steward
and
Officers
to
make
redress
.
The
Commons
of
Norfolk
require
that
payments
may
be
made
to
them
and
to
all
their
Countries
for
sheep
taken
by
the
Pourveyors
farre
under
the
price
against
the
Statute
.
This
Bill
is
otherwise
answered
within
the
Bill
of
Buyers
.
The
Commons
of
Devon
pray
that
they
may
be
paid
for
victuals
taken
of
them
by
the
Duke
of
Britain
whilst
he
lay
there
of
long
time
for
passage
,
and
that
from
thenceforth
no
protection
be
granted
to
any
passenger
to
take
any
victuals
ooher
then
for
present
pay
.
Let
the
offendors
for
time
past
pay
,
and
answere
,
and
for
to
come
the
King
will
provide
.
50
Ed.
3.
That
the
Kings
Pourveyor
take
of
the
Provision
the
Clergy
,
and
cause
them
also
to
make
carriage
for
the
King
,
against
the
Ordinances
and
Statutes
thereof
made
.
2.
That
the
owners
of
the
Ships
taken
up
for
the
Kings
service
may
be
considered
for
their
losses
in
the
same
,
and
that
Marriners
may
have
the
like
wages
as
Archers
have
.
It
shall
be
as
it
hath
been
used
.
2
R.
2.
Cornwall
shew
how
by
taking
up
their
Mariners
,
the
Spaniards
lately
burned
all
their
Ships
,
and
otherwise
much
e●damaged
them
;
and
the
like
complaint
was
made
by
all
the
Sea-coasts
,
and
therefore
pray
remedy
may
be
had
.
The
King
by
advice
of
his
Councill
will
provide
remedy
therefore
3.
R.
2.
The
Commons
by
their
Speaker
pray
that
it
would
please
the
King
to
appoint
by
Commission
such
as
should
enquire
by
all
means
of
the
Kings
charges
as
well
of
his
Houshold
as
otherwise
.
The
King
granteth
it
,
his
Estate
and
Royalty
alwayes
saved
;
and
it
was
enacted
untill
the
next
Parliament
,
every
Master
of
a
Ship
shall
have
for
his
reward
for
every
Tonne
weight
for
such
his
vessel
as
shall
be
taken
up
to
serve
the
the
King
for
every
quarter
of
a
year
that
they
shall
remain
in
his
service
three
shillings
four
pen●
,
begining
the
first
day
of
their
entring
into
the
haven
or
place
appointed
.
5
R.
2.
The
Commons
made
Recapitulation
of
their
requests
,
and
namely
of
the
Ordinance
concerning
Pourveyors
,
Whereto
it
was
replied
for
the
King
,
That
his
charges
were
great
as
well
concerning
sundry
particulars
there
uttered
,
as
like
to
be
greater
for
the
solemnity
of
his
marriage
with
the
Lady
Anne
Daughter
to
the
mighty
Prince
Charles
Emperor
of
Rome
;
the
which
Lady
was
newly
come
into
the
Realm
,
the
tenth
part
of
which
charges
the
King
had
not
in
treasure
or
otherwise
;
and
that
therefore
it
was
,
as
necessary
to
provide
for
the
safety
of
the
Kings
Estate
as
for
the
Commonwealth
.
6
R.
2.
The
Commons
pray
,
That
the
Statute
of
Pourveyors
may
be
observed
,
and
that
ready
payment
may
be
made
.
The
Statute
therefore
made
shall
be
observed
.
2
R.
2.
The
Commons
pray
that
every
Ship
taken
up
for
the
Kings
service
may
towards
her
apparrelling
take
for
every
quarter
,
two
shillings
of
every
Tonne
.
That
the
Statutes
of
Pourveyors
and
Buyers
be
executed
,
and
that
the
Justices
of
the
Peace
have
power
to
hear
and
determine
the
same
.
That
the
Estate
of
the
Kings
Houshold
be
yearly
viewed
once
or
oftner
by
the
Chancellor
,
Treasurer
and
Keeper
of
the
privy
Seal
,
and
that
the
Statutes
therefore
appointed
may
be
observed
.
The
King
granteth
to
the
first
at
his
pleasure
,
and
to
the
second
he
granteth
.
10
R.
2.
That
every
owner
of
a
ship
serving
the
King
may
have
for
every
quarters
service
of
the
same
his
Ship
three
shillings
four
pence
of
every
Tonne
Leighter
,
or
little
Ship
.
The
King
hath
committed
the
same
to
his
Counsel
to
be
considered
.
14
R.
2.
They
require
remedy
against
Masters
of
Ships
and
Mariners
.
The
Admirall
shall
appoint
them
to
take
reasonable
wages
,
or
punish
them
.
17
R.
2.
Pray
that
Remedy
may
be
had
against
the
Officers
in
London
,
who
exact
of
Drovers
bringing
Cattle
into
Smithfield
the
third
Beast
.
The
Maior
and
Sheriffs
of
London
shall
answere
the
same
before
the
Council
.
20
R.
3.
A
Bill
was
exhibited
in
Parliament
amongst
other
things
for
the
avoiding
of
the
outragious
expences
of
the
Kings
House
,
upon
which
particular
the
King
seemmed
much
offended
,
saying
he
would
be
free
therein
,
and
that
the
Commons
thereby
committed
offence
against
him
and
his
dignity
,
which
he
willed
the
Lords
to
declare
to
the
Commons
,
and
their
Speaker
was
charged
to
declare
the
name
of
him
who
exhibited
the
said
Bill
;
which
having
done
,
and
the
Bill
delivered
to
the
Clerk
of
the
Crown
,
the
Commons
came
before
the
King
shewing
themselves
of
heavy
cheer
,
and
declared
they
meant
no
harme
,
submitted
and
craved
pardon
;
and
Sir
Thomas
Hexey
a
Clergie-man
,
who
exhibited
the
Bill
,
was
by
Parliament
adjudged
to
die
as
a
Traitor
,
but
at
the
request
of
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
and
other
Bishops
pardoned
for
life
,
and
ordered
to
be
by
Sir
Thomas
Percy
Steward
of
the
House
delivered
to
the
custody
of
the
Archbishop
.
Anno
1
Hen.
4.
The
Commons
pray
that
the
King
may
have
only
two
Tons
of
wine
of
every
ship
of
wine
coming
to
any
port
in
the
name
of
prize
.
It
shall
be
as
heretofore
.
6
H.
4.
That
the
owners
of
every
Ship
or
other
Vessel
serving
the
King
may
have
allowance
of
every
Tonne
waight
of
the
same
Vessel
three
shillings
four
pence
for
every
quarter
towards
the
apparrelling
of
the
said
ship
.
The
Statute
therefore
appointed
shall
be
observed
.
7
&
8
H.
4.
That
all
the
Statutes
touching
buyers
and
Pourveyors
may
be
executed
,
and
that
payment
may
be
made
for
victuals
taken
by
the
Kings
Pourveyors
from
the
time
of
his
Coronation
.
The
King
is
willing
to
doe
the
same
,
and
that
all
Statutes
of
Pourveyors
be
observed
.
11
H.
4.
The
King
promiseth
convenient
payment
for
victuals
taken
by
his
Pourveyors
.
Thomas
Chancer
chief
●●tler
to
the
King
sheweth
what
prices
of
wine
the
King
ought
to
have
of
every
Ship
,
and
how
much
the
King
was
deceived
thereof
,
that
the
Citizens
of
London
being
exempt
from
the
same
,
did
use
notwithstanding
to
make
strangers
free
thereof
.
The
King
sent
for
the
Citizens
heretofore
,
and
further
willeth
that
none
shall
enjoy
any
such
liberty
unless
he
be
there
a
Citizen
res●a●t
and
dwelling
.
3
H.
5.
The
Commons
pray
that
no
Ship
be
taken
to
serve
the
King
by
any
Letters
Patents
,
but
that
the
same
Letters
Patents
may
be
seen
before
the
Maior
▪
and
other
Officers
of
the
Town
,
that
hire
of
the
fraight
,
may
be
by
them
made
and
ready
payment
had
▪
The
Statutes
heretofore
made
shall
be
observed
.
18
H.
6.
Order
was
taken
for
the
payment
of
the
Kings
debts
and
provision
of
his
Houshold
,
and
authority
committed
to
the
Kings
Council
to
take
order
concerning
Pourveyors
,
and
the
fourth
part
of
the
Tenth
and
Fifteenth
to
be
imployed
to
the
payment
of
the
Pourveyance
for
his
Houshold
.
20
H.
6.
The
Commons
pray
that
certain
Lords
,
such
as
the
King
shall
please
,
may
have
authority
to
settle
good
order
in
his
Houshold
,
and
that
ready
money
be
paid
for
victuals
,
carriages
,
and
other
dispenses
of
the
same
House
.
Be
it
as
is
desired
,
provided
that
this
extend
not
to
impeach
any
Assignments
,
Grants
,
Payments
,
Benefit
or
Interest
to
any
man
lawfully
granted
,
or
had
before
this
Parliament
.
27
H.
8.
cap.
24.
The
Kings
Pourveyors
may
for
the
provision
of
the
King
,
Queen
and
their
Children
take
all
victuals
,
corn
,
and
other
kinds
of
things
whatsoever
according
to
their
Commissions
,
as
well
within
the
Liberties
and
Franchises
as
without
,
any
Grants
,
Allowance
,
or
other
thing
to
the
contrary
notwithstanding
.
1
&
2
Phil.
&
Ma●
.
It
was
ordained
by
Act
of
Parliament
,
That
no
Commission
of
Pourveyors
should
continue
above
six
moneths
;
the
County
to
be
named
where
Beeves
,
Weathers
Lambs
Calves
,
Swine
,
Salt-fish
,
Corn
,
Butter
,
Cheese
,
Bacon
,
Conies
,
Pigs
,
Geese
,
Capons
and
Hens
,
and
any
other
provision
of
victuals
were
taken
,
the
proportions
and
numbers
of
them
and
a
Docquet
to
be
made
all
things
taken
.
And
cap.
6.
No
victuals
shall
be
taken
by
the
Kings
Pourveyors
within
five
miles
of
the
Universities
of
Cambridge
and
Oxford
,
nor
in
Oxford
or
Cambridge
upon
pain
of
forfeiture
of
four
times
the
value
,
provided
that
the
Act
be
not
put
in
execution
at
any
time
or
times
whensoever
the
Queen
and
her
heirs
and
successors
shall
please
to
come
to
both
or
any
of
the
said
Universities
,
or
within
seven
miles
of
either
of
them
,
but
be
suspended
during
that
time
and
no
longer
.
5
Eliz.
cap.
5.
Composition
Fish
heretofore
granted
to
the
Queens
Majesty
by
the
Subjects
of
this
Realm
travailing
into
Iseland
,
may
be
taken
by
her
Majesties
Officers
and
Pourveyors
in
such
sort
as
the
same
hath
been
lawfully
used
to
be
taken
before
the
making
of
this
Act
,
saving
to
the
Queens
Majesty
her
Heirs
and
Successors
,
and
to
all
other
persons
such
Fishes
as
be
known
and
used
to
be
called
Regall
Fishes
,
whereunto
her
Majesty
or
the
said
other
persons
have
or
shall
have
right
or
interest
for
such
recompence
as
heretofore
hath
been
accustomed
.
13
Eliz.
cap.
21.
Reciting
the
said
Act
of
the
2
and
3
of
King
Phillip
and
Queen
Mary
;
and
that
since
divers
of
the
Townships
,
Inhabitants
and
Res●ants
within
the
Limits
and
Precincts
aforesaid
,
having
converted
the
benefit
of
the
said
Act
to
their
private
use
and
commoditie
without
any
profit
or
commodities
to
the
poor
Schollars
of
either
of
the
said
Universities
,
whereby
the
Queens
Majesty
was
not
only
not
served
of
provision
of
Corn
,
Grain
,
and
other
victuall
to
be
taken
for
her
Majesties-provision
,
but
also
the
said
Universities
were
defrauded
of
the
benefits
and
commodities
to
them
intended
.
It
was
ordained
that
no
person
whatsoever
,
nor
the
Pourveyors
of
the
Queen
her
Heirs
and
Successors
,
nor
no
Badger
or
Poulter
should
take
or
bargain
grain
,
or
victuals
,
within
the
compass
of
five
miles
of
the
said
Universities
,
or
within
the
Towns
of
Oxford
and
Cambridge
without
the
consent
of
the
Chancellors
or
Vice-Chancellors
in
writing
under
the
Seal
of
either
of
the
said
Universities
first
had
in
writing
:
And
if
any
person
or
persons
within
the
said
Precincts
should
refuse
reasonably
to
serve
the
necessary
provision
of
the
said
Universities
,
that
then
it
should
be
lawfull
to
any
of
the
Queens
Majesties
Takers
or
Pourveyors
to
provide
any
corn
or
victuall
of
any
such
person
or
persons
within
any
part
of
the
precinct
aforesaid
for
the
use
of
the
Queen
,
as
should
be
declared
and
notif●ed
to
the
said
Pourveyors
or
Takers
to
be
persons
not
worthy
of
the
said
priviledge
,
for
not
reasonably
serving
the
necessities
of
the
said
Universities
by
the
Chancellor
or
Vice-Chancellor
for
the
time
being
of
either
of
the
said
Universities
with
the
assent
of
the
two
Justices
of
Peace
res●ant
within
the
said
Universities
,
Town
,
or
County
under
the
hands
and
Seals
of
the
said
Chancellor
,
or
Vice-Chancellor
,
and
the
said
two
Justices
of
the
Peace
,
as
the
said
Pourveyors
or
Takers
lawfully
may
in
any
other
place
within
the
said
Precinct
,
and
not
otherwise
;
Provided
that
the
Act
shall
not
be
put
in
execution
at
any
time
or
times
whensoever
the
Queens
Majesty
,
her
Heirs
and
Successors
shall
come
to
any
of
both
the
Universities
,
or
within
seven
miles
of
either
of
of
them
,
but
shall
be
in
suspence
during
that
time
only
and
no
longer
.
And
King
Henry
the
seventh
,
who
in
the
rage
and
scuffle
of
a
fortunately
fought
Battel
at
Bosworth
field
,
having
found
his
Crown
thrown
into
a
Hathorn
,
or
bush
of
Thorns
,
as
a
presage
of
the
cares
which
usually
attend
the
wearers
,
and
by
marriage
once
accounted
the
best
of
unions
,
happily
established
himself
in
the
Kingdom
,
and
stopt
the
issue
of
blood
betwixt
those
two
great
contending
Families
of
York
and
Lancaster
;
and
having
afterwards
(
as
no
giddy
but
a
probable
tradition
,
hath
left
it
in
the
successive
memories
of
the
servants
of
the
Royal
houshold
)
for
the
better
government
and
order
of
his
Expences
of
his
House
,
and
their
provision
of
Diet
,
put
a
rate
or
Reiglement
as
well
in
the
quantity
as
quality
and
price
thereof
,
which
in
those
cheaper
times
was
little
less
then
the
Market
rate
,
or
but
that
which
might
reasonably
be
afforded
.
It
continued
uncomplained
of
in
the
Reign
of
King
Hen.
8.
when
Cardinal
Wolsey
Lord
Chancellor
of
England
,
and
the
Kings
Privy
Council
made
certain
Reiglements
&
Constitutions
touching
the
well
ordering
&
government
of
the
Kings
Houshold
;
the
motives
thereof
were
therein
expressed
to
be
al
honne●r
de
Diu
&
a
honneur
&
profit
de
Saint
Eglise
,
&
al
honneur
du
Roy
&
a
son
profit
&
du
profit
de
son
peuple
,
for
the
honor
of
God
,
and
the
honour
and
profit
of
holy
Church
and
the
King
and
his
People
.
Which
Rules
and
Rates
being
not
held
to
be
a
publick
grievance
in
all
his
Reign
,
and
the
Reigns
of
King
Edward
the
sixth
and
Queen
Mary
,
some
of
the
Counties
in
the
beginning
of
the
Reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
though
the
people
thereof
were
most
commonly
well
paid
for
their
provisions
by
the
Queens
Pourveyors
,
finding
some
trouble
and
attendance
in
the
procuring
their
monies
to
be
paid
for
their
commodities
which
were
sometimes
taken
upon
credit
,
by
reason
of
so
many
Offices
,
Cheques
,
Intrada's
and
Comptrolments
,
which
they
were
to
pass
through
at
the
Court
,
did
about
the
fourth
year
of
her
happy
Reign
petition
her
to
accept
the
value
in
money
to
be
yearly
paid
by
the
Countries
,
which
she
by
no
means
hearkening
unto
,
it
came
afterwards
to
an
agreement
what
proportion
those
▪
and
severall
other
Counties
should
yearly
serve
in
Oxen
,
Calves
,
Muttons
,
Poultry
,
Corn
,
&c.
In
which
she
was
so
carefull
to
preserve
her
Subjects
and
People
from
grievances
,
or
just
causes
of
complaints
,
as
in
[
(a)
](A54682-e17910-b)
(a)
Coke
comment
in
Artic.
super
Chartas
.
Anno
32
of
her
Reign
Nicholls
one
of
her
Pourveyors
was
attainted
of
Felony
,
and
hanged
for
forcibly
taking
provisions
without
money
:
and
those
compositions
and
agreements
for
provision
of
the
Houshold
continuing
all
her
glorious
and
happy
Reign
,
and
all
the
Reign
of
the
peaceable
King
James
,
it
was
in
the
eighth
year
of
his
Reign
in
the
case
betwixt
Va●x
and
Newman
resolved
by
the
Judges
,
and
allowed
for
law
,
that
it
was
lawfull
for
a
Pourveyor
(
paying
for
them
to
take
Cattle
for
the
Kings
House
by
virtue
of
the
Kings
Commission
,
and
cited
the
book
of
18
H.
6.
19
b.
to
that
purpose
.
And
in
the
third
year
of
the
Reign
of
King
Charles
the
Martyr
were
none
of
the
grievances
then
complained
of
in
order
to
the
obtaining
of
the
Petition
of
Right
,
and
confirmation
of
the
Peoples
Rights
and
Liberties
,
or
of
those
which
were
then
alleaged
to
be
infringed
.
Although
that
in
the
Reign
of
King
James
some
of
his
Pourveyors
having
taken
greater
quantities
of
provision
for
his
House
and
Stable
then
ever
came
or
were
needfull
to
his
use
,
and
caused
Timber
to
be
cut
down
:
thereupon
in
Anno
2.
of
his
Reign
it
was
resolved
by
all
the
[
(b)
](A54682-e18040-b)
(b)
Coke
i●
Mag.
Charta
36.
Judges
of
England
and
Barons
of
the
Exchequer
upon
mature
deliberation
,
that
the
Kings
Pourveyors
could
take
no
Timber
growing
upon
the
Inheritances
of
the
Subject
,
because
it
was
parcell
of
their
Inheritances
no
more
then
the
Inheritance
it self
,
of
which
the
King
and
his
Council
being
informed
,
he
did
by
a
Proclamation
dated
23
Aprilis
anno
4
of
his
Reign
prohibit
such
their
ill
dealings
,
and
divers
Pourveyors
were
afterwards
punished
by
the
Court
of
Starre-chamber
for
Pourveying
of
Timber
growing
without
the
consent
of
the
owners
.
Nor
had
that
fatal
and
ever
to
be
bewailed
Remonmonstrance
of
the
House
of
Commons
in
Parliament
the
15.
of
December
1641.
in
which
was
too
industriously
amassed
and
put
together
all
the
errors
imaginable
in
the
Government
and
Reign
of
that
pious
Prince
,
and
more
then
could
be
proved
any
thing
to
charge
upon
the
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
the
provision
of
the
Kings
Houshold
,
but
only
that
the
people
were
vexed
and
oppressed
with
[
(c)
](A54682-e18110-b)
(c)
Exact
Collection
of
passages
betwixt
the
King
and
Parliament
7.
Pourveyors
and
Clerks
of
the
Market
,
neither
in
their
nineteen
Propositions
in
June
,
1642.
sent
to
the
King
at
Oxford
,
wherein
they
would
have
lessened
his
power
all
they
could
,
and
extended
their
own
,
was
there
any
thing
proposed
for
the
taking
away
of
the
Royal
Pourveyance
,
or
Compositions
,
or
in
other
propositions
afterwards
sent
thither
,
or
in
the
Treaties
at
Uxbridge
and
the
Isle
of
Wight
.
Nor
if
causes
and
circumstances
be
as
they
ought
,
to
be
well
weighed
in
the
Ballance
of
Judgement
,
and
all
things
rightly
considered
,
could
be
any
grievance
or
cause
of
complaint
.
When
as
the
remote
Counties
which
had
less
benefit
by
the
constant
residence
of
Q.
Elizabeth
,
King
James
,
&
King
Charles
the
First
,
in
their
Chamber
of
London
,
the
heart
of
the
Kingdome
did
bear
very
little
,
and
the
near
adjacent
Counties
;
which
by
heightning
their
Markets
and
prices
of
all
sorts
of
Commodities
by
a
large
improvement
of
their
Lands
and
Rents
to
above
twenty
times
more
then
●t
was
in
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
seventh
,
and
ten
times
more
then
it
was
in
the
eighteenth
year
of
the
Reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
might
better
afford
it
,
did
not
pay
or
bear
much
in
the
Pourveyance
or
Composition
,
which
were
made
by
the
Justices
of
the
Peace
in
each
County
upon
consultation
and
agreement
with
the
Officers
of
the
Green-cloth
in
the
Kings
House
,
for
serving
in
a
certain
quantity
of
provisions
out
of
every
County
at
such
rates
and
prices
as
were
agreed
on
betwixt
them
,
as
by
a
few
instances
of
many
may
easily
appear
by
what
was
yearly
charged
upon
the
Counties
of
Essex
,
and
Midlesex
,
neer
adjacent
to
London
,
and
the
Counties
of
Derby
,
Worcester
and
York
,
which
were
more
remote
,
viz.
|
|
The
Kings
price
|
Totall
.
|
|
|
l.
|
s.
|
d.
|
l.
|
s.
|
d.
|
|
Wheat
500
quarters
at
|
0
|
6
|
8
|
166
|
13
|
4
|
|
Oxen
fat
20
at
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
80
|
0
|
0
|
|
Muttons
fat
300
at
|
0
|
6
|
8
|
100
|
0
|
0
|
|
Veals
300
at
|
0
|
6
|
8
|
100
|
0
|
0
|
|
Porks
100
at
|
0
|
6
|
8
|
33
|
6
|
8
|
|
Boars
6
at
|
0
|
13
|
4
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
|
Bacon
Flitches
30
at
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
|
Lambs
1200
at
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
60
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
Capons
10
dozen
at
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
|
Hens
30
dozen
at
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
|
Chickens
150
dozen
at
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
15
|
0
|
0
|
|
Pullets
40
dozen
at
|
0
|
1
|
6
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
|
Hay
134
loads
at
|
0
|
8
|
0
|
53
|
12
|
0
|
|
Oats
1426
quarters
at
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
285
|
4
|
0
|
|
Litter
120
loads
at
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
24
|
0
|
0
|
|
Wood
769
loads
at
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
115
|
7
|
0
|
|
Coals
250
chalder
at
|
0
|
13
|
9
|
171
|
17
|
6
|
|
Summe
|
|
|
|
1201
|
0
|
6
|
|
|
Kings
price
.
|
Totall
.
|
|
Wheat
200
quarters
at
|
0
|
6
|
8
|
66
|
13
|
4
|
|
Veals
40
at
|
0
|
12
|
0
|
24
|
0
|
0
|
|
Veals
100
at
|
0
|
6
|
8
|
33
|
6
|
8
|
|
Green
Geese
20
doz
.
at
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
|
Capons
course
10
doz
.
at
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
|
Hens
20
dozen
at
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
6
|
1
|
10
|
0
|
|
Chicken
40
dozen
at
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
|
Hay
202
loads
at
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
40
|
8
|
0
|
|
Oats
211
quar.
2
bush
.
at
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
42
|
5
|
0
|
|
Litter
180
loads
at
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
36
|
0
|
0
|
|
Wood
200
loads
at
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
30
|
0
|
0
|
|
Summe
|
|
|
|
285
|
3
|
0
|
The
Market
price
.
|
Totall
.
|
Difference
.
|
|
l.
|
s.
|
d.
|
l.
|
s.
|
d.
|
l.
|
s.
|
d.
|
|
1
|
16
|
8
|
916
|
13
|
4
|
640
|
0
|
0
|
|
10
|
0
|
0
|
200
|
0
|
0
|
120
|
0
|
0
|
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
300
|
0
|
0
|
200
|
0
|
0
|
|
1
|
4
|
0
|
360
|
0
|
0
|
260
|
0
|
0
|
|
1
|
3
|
4
|
116
|
13
|
4
|
83
|
6
|
8
|
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
24
|
0
|
0
|
20
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
10
|
0
|
15
|
0
|
0
|
12
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
8
|
0
|
480
|
0
|
0
|
420
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
18
|
0
|
4
|
10
|
0
|
3
|
10
|
0
|
|
0
|
16
|
0
|
8
|
0
|
0
|
6
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
12
|
0
|
18
|
0
|
0
|
15
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
6
|
0
|
45
|
0
|
0
|
30
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
10
|
0
|
20
|
0
|
0
|
17
|
0
|
0
|
|
1
|
10
|
0
|
201
|
15
|
0
|
140
|
19
|
0
|
|
0
|
12
|
0
|
855
|
12
|
0
|
570
|
8
|
0
|
|
0
|
10
|
0
|
60
|
0
|
0
|
36
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
7
|
0
|
26●
|
3
|
0
|
153
|
16
|
0
|
|
1
|
10
|
0
|
373
|
0
|
0
|
203
|
2
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
4266
|
6
|
8
|
2931
|
2
|
2
|
Market
price
|
Totall
|
Difference
|
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
400
|
0
|
0
|
333
|
6
|
8
|
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
44
|
0
|
0
|
20
|
0
|
0
|
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
110
|
0
|
0
|
76
|
13
|
4
|
|
0
|
18
|
0
|
18
|
0
|
0
|
15
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
16
|
0
|
8
|
0
|
0
|
6
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
12
|
0
|
12
|
0
|
0
|
10
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
10
|
0
|
10
|
0
|
0
|
8
|
10
|
0
|
|
0
|
6
|
0
|
12
|
0
|
0
|
8
|
0
|
0
|
|
1
|
10
|
0
|
303
|
0
|
0
|
262
|
12
|
0
|
|
0
|
12
|
0
|
126
|
15
|
0
|
84
|
7
|
0
|
|
0
|
10
|
0
|
90
|
0
|
0
|
54
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
7
|
0
|
70
|
0
|
0
|
40
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
1203
|
12
|
0
|
917
|
19
|
0
|
|
|
Kings
price
.
|
Totall
.
|
|
|
l.
|
s.
|
d.
|
l.
|
s.
|
d.
|
|
Oxen
lean
40
at
|
2
|
13
|
4
|
106
|
13
|
4
|
Derby
▪
Muttons
lean
200
at
|
0
|
4
|
8
|
46
|
13
|
4
|
|
Wax
200
weight
at
|
0
|
0
|
8
per
lb
|
7
|
9
|
1
|
|
Summe
|
|
|
|
160
|
15
|
9
|
|
|
Kings
price
.
|
Totall
.
|
|
Oxen
fat
20
at
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
80
|
0
|
0
|
|
Muttons
fat
200
at
|
0
|
6
|
8
|
66
|
13
|
4
|
|
0
|
10
|
0
|
10
|
0
|
0
|
|
Lambs
150
at
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
7
|
10
|
0
|
|
Summe
|
|
|
|
164
|
3
|
4
|
|
|
Kings
price
.
|
Totall
.
|
|
2
|
10
|
0
|
275
|
0
|
0
|
Price
of
the
Market
.
|
Difference
.
|
|
l.
|
s.
|
d.
|
l.
|
s.
|
d.
|
l.
|
s.
|
d.
|
|
6
|
10
|
0
|
260
|
0
|
0
|
153
|
6
|
4
|
|
0
|
14
|
0
|
140
|
0
|
0
|
93
|
6
|
8
|
|
0
|
1
|
4
|
14
|
18
|
8
|
6
|
9
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
414
|
18
|
8
|
254
|
2
|
4
|
Market
price
|
Totall
|
Difference
|
|
9
|
10
|
0
|
190
|
0
|
0
|
110
|
0
|
0
|
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
200
|
0
|
0
|
133
|
6
|
8
|
|
2
|
13
|
4
|
53
|
6
|
8
|
43
|
6
|
8
|
|
0
|
8
|
0
|
60
|
0
|
0
|
52
|
10
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
503
|
6
|
8
|
339
|
3
|
4
|
Market
price
|
Totall
|
Difference
|
|
7
|
0
|
0
|
770
|
0
|
0
|
495
|
0
|
0
|
And
may
shew
with
what
justice
,
equality
and
due
consideration
those
profitable
Agreements
and
Compositions
were
made
by
the
several
Counties
when
as
they
did
bear
no
other
parts
of
the
whole
Compositions
yearly
served
in
kind
for
provisions
for
his
Majesties
late
Royal
Fathers
House
;
and
they
in
the
general
were
no
more
then
as
followeth
.
Compositions
which
were
served
in
kind
for
Provisions
of
his
late
Majesties
House
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
l.
|
s.
|
d.
|
|
Wheat
|
3790
quarters
at
|
0
l.
|
6
s.
|
8
d.
|
1263
|
6
|
8
|
|
Oxen
fat
|
578
at
|
var.
pretium
|
1980
|
6
|
8
|
|
Oxen
lean
|
915.110
at
50's
.
pr.
|
rest
at
53
s.
4.
d.
|
821
|
13
|
4
|
|
Muttons
fat
|
5150
|
ad
var.
prec
.
|
1575
|
0
|
0
|
|
Muttons
lean
|
1850
|
ad
var.
prec
.
|
373
|
6
|
8
|
|
Veals
|
1231
|
ad
var.
prec
.
|
386
|
16
|
8
|
|
Porks
|
310
|
ad
var.
prec
.
|
88
|
13
|
4
|
|
Stirks
|
410
|
ad
var.
prec
.
|
183
|
0
|
0
|
|
Boars
|
26
|
ad
13
s.
4
d.
prec
.
|
17
|
16
|
8
|
|
Bacon
.
|
320
flitches
.
|
ad
var.
prec
.
|
17
|
10
|
0
|
|
Lambs
|
6820
|
ad
12
d.
prec
.
|
341
|
0
|
0
|
|
Butter
|
40
Barrels
|
ad
45
s.
br.
|
60
|
0
|
0
|
|
Geese
|
145
dozen
|
ad
var.
prec
.
|
28
|
0
|
0
|
|
Capons
cours
|
252
dozen
|
ad
4
s.
doz
.
|
50
|
8
|
0
|
|
Henns
|
470
dozen
|
ad
2
s.
doz
.
|
47
|
0
|
0
|
|
Pullets
cours
|
750
dozen
|
ad
18
d.
doz
.
|
56
|
5
|
0
|
|
Chickens
cours
|
1470
dozen
|
ad
var.
prec
.
|
126
|
10
|
0
|
|
Wax
|
3100
weight
|
ad
8
d.
lb
|
115
|
17
|
8
|
|
Sweet
Butter
|
46640
lb.
|
ad
var.
prec
.
|
804
|
6
|
8
|
|
Charcoals
|
1250
loads
|
ad
13
s.
9
d.
load
|
859
|
7
|
6
|
|
Tallwood
|
3950
loads
|
ad
3
s.
load
|
442
|
10
|
|
|
Billets
.
|
3950
loads
|
ad
3
s.
load
|
442
|
10
|
|
|
Faggots
|
3950
loads
|
ad
3
s.
load
|
442
|
10
|
|
|
Herrings
|
60
br.
|
ad
13
s.
4
d.
br.
|
40
|
0
|
0
|
|
Wine
Caske
from
the
Vintners
600
Ton
at
3
s.
4
d.
per
Ton
100
l.
|
And
will
upon
the
severest
examination
or
inquiries
appear
to
be
no
more
then
necessary
for
the
food
and
provision
of
the
Kings
Houshold
,
those
great
Lords
and
Officers
of
State
and
persons
of
honor
,
extracted
from
the
best
Houses
and
Families
of
England
which
stand
before
him
,
and
manage
the
many
several
offices
and
imployments
in
his
House
,
their
Tables
Dyet
and
Bouche
of
Court
allowed
them
;
the
many
Knights
,
Esquires
,
Gentlemen
&
Yeomen
which
attend
him
in
their
monthly
or
weekly
turns
and
courses
,
and
do
take
their
Diet
and
Lodging
therein
,
which
being
not
a
few
,
and
yet
not
much
above
the
ninth
part
of
the
10000
which
daily
follow
the
Court
of
France
,
made
up
of
an
hideous
dissolute
and
unruly
number
of
Pages
,
Lacquies
and
Footboyes
,
could
not
possibly
be
provided
for
and
honorably
&
worshipfully
maintained
with
lesser
proportions
in
that
princely
,
honorable
,
and
plentiful
manner
in
which
the
King
and
his
royal
Progenitors
have
alwaies
kept
their
household
and
family
and
according
to
the
honor
and
worth
of
those
who
are
faithfully
and
decently
to
serve
and
attend
him
,
where
frugality
and
prudence
,
(
which
as
antiently
as
in
the
later
end
of
the
raign
of
King
Edward
the
first
,
when
[
(d)
](A54682-e29220-b)
(d)
Fleta
lib.
2.
ca.
15
,
16
,
17
,
18
,
19
,
20
,
21
,
22
,
23
,
&
24.
Fleta
a
treatise
so
called
was
written
appeares
not
to
have
been
a
litle
)
and
a
not
sometimes
but
dayly
care
of
expending
no
more
then
needs
must
,
by
those
excellent
Rules
and
Orders
from
the
highest
Office
in
the
Court
unto
the
lowest
thorough
all
the
rankes
and
degrees
of
it
,
without
any
lessening
or
diminution
of
the
honor
of
it
,
which
are
not
to
be
equalled
or
patterned
in
the
Oeconomy
or
government
of
any
of
the
Nobility
,
Gentry
,
Merchants
Cittizens
,
or
sorts
of
people
whatsoever
in
the
Kingdom
.
Where
Honor
,
and
Majesty
,
sate
in
its
greatest
lustre
,
where
the
expences
were
great
and
princely
,
and
yet
such
,
as
compared
with
other
mens
families
,
might
seem
impossible
to
bring
the
year
about
with
so
little
,
where
Prudence
and
Largesse
,
Bounty
,
and
Providence
,
were
so
combined
,
and
entered
into
a
League
and
Association
,
as
if
the
Queen
of
Sheba
,
before
the
Erinnis
of
our
fiery
and
factious
Spirits
had
lighted
us
with
her
hellish
Torch
,
to
our
shamefull
Misdoeings
,
and
Miseries
,
had
viewed
the
honor
of
our
King
,
and
the
order
of
his
house
,
his
many
officers
,
and
their
manner
of
sitting
at
their
meate
,
the
attendance
of
his
ministers
,
and
their
English
(
not
Frenchified
or
Phantasticall
)
apparrell
,
she
would
not
only
have
said
as
she
did
concerning
Solomons
Court
and
State
,
Blessed
and
happy
are
they
that
serve
and
stand
before
him
(
who
hath
power
opportunity
and
meanes
at
all
times
to
preferre
and
advance
them
,
and
their
merits
)
but
have
wondered
how
it
should
have
been
done
with
so
small
an
yearly
expence
,
so
litle
noyse
or
trouble
,
and
in
so
goodly
an
order
.
Which
the
more
then
seldom
extraordinary
Embassadors
of
forraign
Princes
,
coming
hither
may
subscribe
unto
,
when
as
for
some
dayes
before
their
Audience
,
they
have
with
some
of
every
sort
of
the
Kings
Servants
and
Officers
,
selected
to
that
purpose
seene
themselves
attended
in
the
plenty
State
and
greatest
of
Royalty
of
the
King
or
Prince
from
which
they
were
sent
,
and
in
the
mean
time
nothing
wanting
or
missing
in
that
of
the
Kings
attendance
,
or
magnificence
,
in
his
Court
o●
Family
.
From
whence
at
all
times
,
Carelesnes
Profusenes
,
and
all
manner
of
wast
were
so
banished
,
as
the
Porters
at
the
Gates
were
charged
to
watch
and
hinder
the
carrying
out
of
meat
and
provision
by
such
as
should
not
,
the
Pastrie
rated
in
their
allowances
for
Spice
,
Sugar
,
Corance
,
&c.
the
servants
took
an
oath
of
duty
and
obedience
;
and
the
Treasurer
and
Comptroller
to
make
due
allowance
and
payments
with
favourable
demeanings
,
and
cherish
love
betwixt
the
King
and
his
people
.
In
Anno
7
Jac.
Rates
and
orders
were
made
and
set
touching
the
Kings
Breakfast
,
and
his
particular
fare
as
to
qualities
and
proportions
for
Dynner
and
Supper
,
and
Fish
dayes
;
for
the
dyet
of
the
great
Officers
and
all
other
Officers
and
Servants
having
diet
,
and
the
like
on
the
Queens
side
;
Rates
for
Bouche
of
Court
for
Mornings
and
Evenings
,
Lights
and
Candles
,
and
the
Yeomen
of
the
Guards
diet
;
and
Beefe
ordered
to
be
on
Flesh
dayes
for
the
King
,
Queen
and
Houshold
.
In
anno
16
Jac.
by
advice
of
the
Earl
of
Middlesex
,
Sir
Richard
Weston
Knight
,
Sir
John
Wolstenholme
,
Sir
William
Pyt
Knight
,
and
other
discreet
men
very
much
experienced
in
the
Affairs
of
the
world
,
appointed
to
lessen
as
much
as
might
be
the
charges
of
his
house
:
many
good
orders
were
made
for
the
regulation
of
the
Kings
▪
Houshold
,
some
abatements
made
in
the
allowance
for
his
Breakfast
by
his
own
order
,
a
Limitation
and
stint
of
Joynts
of
Meat
to
make
Jellies
,
and
all
other
compositions
:
the
number
and
names
of
all
Noblemen
and
Ladies
attending
the
Court
to
be
quarterly
presented
.
And
that
the
Prince
should
pay
for
his
diet
at
his
coming
to
Court
(
which
the
most
narrow-hearted
and
frugall
of
fathers
in
private
Families
and
Societies
have
not
done
(
and
his
Countrymen
of
Scotland
,
and
many
English
could
not
say
he
was
)
according
to
the
rates
he
paid
at
his
own
House
,
and
that
when
he
should
repair
to
any
of
the
Kings
Houses
in
remote
places
,
he
should
pay
for
such
of
the
Kings
provisions
as
he
should
expend
there
according
as
they
should
be
worth
at
the
next
Market
.
And
yet
in
all
that
frugality
and
care
to
prevent
wast
,
and
the
daily
meeting
of
some
of
the
Officers
of
the
Green-cloth
in
the
Compting
house
,
there
were
240
gallons
allowed
at
the
Buttery
Bar
per
diem
,
three
gallons
per
diem
at
the
Court
gate
for
thirteen
poor
men
,
six
Services
or
Mess
of
meat
,
and
seven
pieces
of
Beefe
per
diem
as
wast
and
extraordinary
for
the
Kings
honour
.
And
there
was
no
Sunday
or
other
day
of
the
week
but
the
Tables
of
the
great
Officers
and
Lords
entertained
many
Lords
,
Knights
and
Gentlemen
which
were
not
of
the
Houshold
,
but
came
to
see
the
King
,
or
make
and
attend
their
petitions
and
suits
:
and
few
Gentlemen
of
quality
,
Citizens
or
other
persons
of
those
multitudes
whose
busines
or
desires
to
see
the
Court
brought
them
thither
,
but
were
taken
in
as
Guests
to
dinner
,
with
some
of
those
many
other
Officers
of
the
Court
that
had
diet
allowed
them
,
it
having
been
an
antient
custome
after
the
King
was
set
to
dinner
to
search
through
all
the
Lodgings
and
Rooms
of
the
House
to
find
out
Gentlemen
and
Strangers
fit
for
and
becoming
the
invitation
of
the
Kings
Servants
to
the
Kings
meats
and
provision
for
his
servants
:
and
in
all
those
treatments
and
largess
of
house-keeping
there
wanted
not
a
sober
plenty
of
wine
and
beer
out
of
the
Kings
Sellers
,
and
an
open
house-keeping
with
so
much
sobriety
as
if
it
had
not
been
an
open
housekeeping
;
wherein
no
drunkenness
or
debauchery
was
to
be
seen
,
as
is
too
commonly
in
the
now
almost
out
of
fashion
open
or
free
house-keeping
at
Christmas
or
other
Festivals
.
18
Jac.
Regis
Divers
Ordinances
were
made
for
the
diminution
of
the
charge
of
the
Kings
house-keeping
,
the
allowances
of
wast
to
be
given
dayly
for
the
Kings
honour
reduced
to
a
certainty
,
viz.
200
loaves
of
bread
,
240
gallons
of
beer
,
remains
of
Wax
and
Torch-lights
to
be
returned
,
the
number
of
Artificers
,
Victualle●s
and
Landresses
ascertained
,
number
of
Carts
for
Carriages
stinted
and
proportioned
to
all
degrees
and
Offices
,
the
charge
of
the
Stable
being
almost
doubled
to
what
it
was
in
Queen
Elizabeths
time
,
to
be
lessened
as
much
as
may
be
;
none
to
be
sworn
Servants
,
before
the
number
of
Officers
should
be
reduced
to
what
was
formerly
no
Offices
or
Places
in
the
Kings
House
to
be
sold
,
&
all
other
good
Orders
to
be
put
in
Execution
,
&
yet
could
at
the
same
time
by
his
especiall
grace
and
favour
remit
to
certain
places
some
of
his
compositions
.
Nor
did
those
contrivances
and
endeavors
to
lessen
the
Kings
charge
of
house-keeping
die
with
King
James
,
but
were
found
to
survive
to
his
Son
,
and
Successor
his
late
Majesty
King
Charles
the
first
,
in
the
third
year
of
whose
Reign
half
the
allowance
for
houshold
diets
was
abated
on
fasting
nights
,
and
the
carriages
in
every
office
reduced
to
a
certain
number
:
and
when
the
composition
or
Country
provision
of
Oxen
or
Sheep
did
by
the
Courts
frugality
sometimes
exceed
or
make
an
overplus
,
they
were
sold
and
exactly
brought
unto
an
accompt
for
the
defraying
of
other
houshold
charges
,
where
,
as
his
Royal
Progenitors
used
to
doe
,
he
could
in
his
greatest
wants
,
and
care
of
all
fitting
Espargne
in
his
own
diet
and
houshold
,
cause
the
Lord
High
Stewards
Table
in
time
of
Parliament
to
be
constantly
abundantly
and
extraordinarily
kept
and
furnished
,
to
treat
and
dine
the
then
numerous
nobility
and
persons
of
honour
coming
to
the
Court
and
Parliament
.
But
all
that
was
of
Innocency
,
antient
,
legall
and
just
Rights
in
it
,
backt
and
seconded
by
right
Reason
,
the
Lawes
and
reasonable
Customes
of
the
Land
,
the
Oaths
of
Allegiance
and
Supremacy
taken
by
all
Magistrates
,
Justices
of
Peace
,
Officers
,
and
many
of
the
better
sort
of
the
people
,
and
of
every
Freeman
of
every
Trade
and
Company
in
London
,
and
ordered
to
be
taken
by
all
men
in
the
Kingdome
to
defend
and
maintain
the
Rights
and
Jurisdictions
of
the
King
and
his
Crown
,
and
the
interests
,
concernments
,
good
,
honor
,
safety
,
welfare
and
happiness
of
every
man
in
particular
being
involved
in
that
of
their
King
or
Prince
,
were
not
enough
to
perswade
those
who
had
found
the
sweetness
of
ruining
him
and
all
which
were
loyal
and
well
affected
to
him
,
from
pursuing
the
sinfull
and
abominable
ends
and
designes
of
themselves
and
their
great
Master
of
Delusion
the
Devil
,
to
murder
him
:
but
whilst
they
hunted
him
like
a
Partridge
upon
the
mountains
,
and
through
more
persecutions
of
mind
and
body
,
and
a
longer
time
then
ever
the
righteous
and
holy
David
endured
in
his
greatest
afflictions
,
could
take
all
that
he
had
from
him
,
his
Lands
,
Revenues
and
Estate
,
and
so
much
as
his
Plate
for
religious
uses
for
his
Chappel
and
Devotion
,
sell
the
Coats
of
the
Yeomen
of
his
Guard
,
break
in
scorn
his
great
Seal
of
England
by
the
hand
and
hammer
of
a
common
Blacksmith
(
which
shewed
what
they
intended
to
the
life
of
the
owner
)
drive
and
engage
all
men
into
a
monstrous
Rebellion
&
a
slavery
,
which
proved
to
be
the
consequence
and
just
reward
of
it
,
and
deprive
him
as
much
as
they
could
of
the
loyalty
,
duty
,
love
and
obedience
of
his
people
,
and
having
abundantly
enriched
themselves
and
their
Godless
praying
party
by
the
Crown
Lands
and
Revenues
of
the
Church
,
most
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
and
many
other
good
men
and
their
Families
,
did
not
think
it
reasonable
to
serve
their
Master
for
a
little
,
but
as
a
further
reward
and
recompence
for
their
care
and
diligence
to
oppress
and
ruine
their
King
and
his
better
Subjects
,
would
be
sure
to
make
for
themselves
as
good
a
Pourveyance
and
Provision
as
they
could
,
upon
pretences
of
some
little
losses
in
their
own
small
and
necessitous
Estates
,
and
allow
one
another
besides
their
gaine
of
plundering
,
and
traiterous
and
sacrilegious
purchases
out
of
the
improvements
of
the
Common
misery
,
and
washing
as
well
as
wasting
three
Kingdomes
over
in
blood
,
some
fifty
pounds
some
ten
,
some
four
pounds
a
week
towards
thei●
support
and
maintenance
,
and
to
make
their
proportions
the
more
plausible
,
and
to
seem
something
reasonable
,
would
not
leave
out
of
the
account
the
well
stretched
Items
of
the
losses
and
charges
of
their
Grandchildren
&
married
Sons
and
Daughters
;
and
when
they
had
finished
their
ungodly
work
,
murdered
the
King
,
Monarchy
,
Magna
Charta
,
Petition
of
right
,
and
the
Lawes
and
Liberties
of
the
People
,
and
converted
their
own
sins
into
the
bloody
and
unsure
foundation
of
a
Common-wealth
,
founded
upon
the
blood
and
murther
of
their
Soveraign
,
and
many
thousands
of
his
loyal
and
religious
Subjects
,
and
the
perjury
of
themselves
and
as
many
as
they
could
perswade
or
constrain
unto
it
,
and
the
greatest
of
iniquities
;
and
made
the
people
(
who
got
as
much
ease
by
it
as
the
Asse
in
the
Fable
,
who
thought
to
make
his
burden
of
Sponges
the
lighter
by
lying
down
in
the
water
with
them
)
believe
that
when
two
parts
in
three
of
the
Kingdome
were
undone
to
enrich
a
third
,
and
brought
under
a
slavery
and
arbitrary
power
of
the
mechanick
and
ruder
sort
of
them
,
that
their
freedome
from
Pourveyance
and
Cart-taking
was
an
especial
deliverance
,
which
amongst
other
wonderfull
things
,
as
they
called
them
,
pretended
to
be
done
for
them
,
being
only
to
buy
Sadles
for
their
reforming
Legislators
to
ride
upon
their
backs
;
and
a
favour
much
of
kin
to
that
of
Pharoahs
kind
usage
of
the
Children
of
Israel
,
when
he
set
Task-masters
over
them
to
afflict
them
with
burdens
,
made
their
lives
bitter
with
hard
bondage
,
caused
them
to
make
bric●
,
and
double
the
Ta●e
thereof
,
and
gather
the
straw
,
was
recompence
sufficient
for
all
their
money
and
sins
laid
out
in
that
wicked
and
detestable
cause
,
and
for
all
that
which
they
were
to
endure
in
this
life
and
the
next
,
and
in
that
seeming
holy
but
assured
cheating
a
miserable
and
strangely
deluded
Nation
,
continued
like
the
Egyptians
in
their
way
to
the
Red
sea
,
and
oppressing
of
Gods
people
,
untill
their
Oliver
and
grand
Impostor
and
Instrument
had
out-witted
and
undermined
them
,
and
ins●ead
of
many
Tyrants
had
set
up
his
single
Tyranny
;
and
having
from
an
indebted
and
small
Estate
,
made
much
less
by
a
former
drunken
and
debauched
conversation
,
by
which
he
was
so
streightned
as
not
to
be
able
to
buy
some
oats
or
pease
to
sow
a
small
parcel
of
ground
,
but
to
borrow
some
of
a
friend
upon
his
promise
of
a
Repayment
upon
his
hoped
for
increase
at
Harvest
,
did
notwithstanding
neither
then
nor
after
a
more
plentifull
crop
of
his
wicked
doings
,
and
that
great
Estate
which
the
sinnes
of
a
factious
and
wicked
part
of
the
people
had
made
him
Master
of
,
ever
find
the
way
to
satisfie
or
repay
.
And
having
largely
pourveyed
for
himself
,
better
then
he
could
do
in
his
Brewhouse
,
&
put
an
Excise
upon
Ale
&
Beer
,
and
intoxicated
as
many
as
he
could
seduce
with
an
opinion
that
Rebellion
was
Religion
,
and
gotten
an
Arbitrary
power
,
with
a
large
Revenue
in
Lands
which
was
the
Kings
and
other
mens
,
an
Army
of
twenty
thousand
Foot
and
ten
thousand
Horse
,
and
a
formidable
Navy
to
be
maintained
at
the
peoples
charge
to
continue
their
misery
,
and
three
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
annum
to
defray
the
charges
of
his
tyrannical
Government
,
took
himself
to
be
a
Child
of
Providence
,
and
something
more
then
one
of
the
smallest
Branches
of
Cromwell
alias
Williams
King
Henry
the
eights
Barber
,
and
therefore
in
order
to
a
Kingship
or
something
by
another
name
amounting
to
as
much
,
made
it
his
work
to
disguise
and
metamorphose
the
antient
Government
,
decry
our
fundamentall
Lawes
and
every
antient
constitution
,
dig
up
by
the
roots
all
that
was
not
novel
or
assistant
to
his
designs
,
&
fit
to
make
a
head
out
of
the
Heels
;
and
after
he
had
taken
an
oath
to
maintain
and
preserve
the
Laws
and
Liberties
of
the
people
imprisoned
Serjeant
Maynard
,
Serjeant
Twisden
,
and
Mr.
Wadham
Windam
,
who
pleaded
in
the
behalf
of
a
Client
for
them
,
thought
it
to
be
conscience
,
Law
and
Latin
good
enough
to
call
our
Magna
Charta
,
magna
Farta
,
and
did
so
order
his
Convention
,
or
thing
called
a
Parliament
of
England
,
compounded
and
made
up
of
time-servers
,
and
a
Medly
of
Irish
and
Scottish
of
the
like
complexion
as
they
were
brought
in
Anno
1656.
by
one
of
their
Tooles
called
an
Act
of
Parliament
to
ordain
that
pourveyance
or
Composition
for
the
Kings
house
(
which
they
were
taught
to
alleage
to
be
a
grievance
to
the
people
and
very
chargeable
(
when
there
was
none
at
all
at
that
time
in
being
in
England
,
nor
was
ever
intended
by
many
of
the
worshipfull
Mushrooms
to
be
,
)
thereafter
,
should
no
more
be
taken
under
pain
of
Felony
.
And
was
as
great
a
kindness
and
ease
to
the
people
as
if
they
had
ordained
that
no
more
Subsidies
(
which
seldome
amounted
to
more
then
a
tenth
part
of
the
late
yearly
Taxes
should
be
imposed
by
Parliament
,
but
Assessments
at
70
thousand
pounds
,
or
one
hundred
and
twenty
thousand
pounds
per
mensem
,
as
often
&
as
long
as
that
which
they
called
the
supreme
Authority
should
have
or
feign
a
necessity
for
it
;
or
that
offenders
should
be
no
more
sent
for
by
the
Kings
messengers
,
or
tried
by
Juries
and
the
known
Laws
of
the
Land
,
but
at
Cromwells
High
Court
of
Justice
or
Shambles
lined
with
red
or
bloody
Bayes
:
or
that
there
should
be
no
more
use
or
trouble
of
the
Train
Bands
,
but
an
Army
of
30000
domineering
Redcoats
or
Fanaticks
with
their
Bashaws
or
Major-Generals
maintained
at
the
peoples
charge
to
keep
or
make
them
quiet
under
their
vassalage
,
or
slavery
,
or
that
there
should
be
no
more
Coat
and
Conduct
money
,
long
agoe
remitted
by
King
Charles
the
Martyr
,
but
free
quarter
as
oft
as
any
Plot
should
be
feigned
and
contrived
to
Bugbeare
them
into
more
Taxes
and
Garisons
,
and
make
them
the
more
willing
to
pay
new
Assessments
,
and
content
to
imbrace
their
miseries
.
But
the
Varnish
and
Fucus
of
those
State-Mountebanks
and
Intruders
being
by
time
and
many
years
lamentable
experiments
discovered
,
found
out
and
detected
by
all
men
which
had
not
been
gainers
by
it
,
or
bound
their
understandings
and
reason
apprentices
to
the
witchcraft
or
inchantments
of
the
Devil
and
his
Angels
,
chattering
and
canting
Scripture
on
purpose
to
wrong
and
ensnare
them
.
If
any
in
our
times
of
pretence
of
much
reason
and
little
or
no
practise
of
it
shall
be
so
over
inquisitive
or
curious
as
to
demand
.
CHAP.
III.
The
reason
of
Prae-emption
and
Regall
Pourveyance
,
or
Composition
for
the
Provision
of
the
Kings
Houshold
.
WHich
deserves
a
place
inter
Regalia
&
insignia
Majestatis
,
amongst
the
speciall
parts
of
Prerogative
and
denotations
of
Royal
Majesty
,
it
will
besides
the
universality
of
it
,
and
the
allowance
,
direction
and
examples
of
the
Law
of
Nature
and
Nations
before
demonstrated
,
be
as
obvious
to
all
that
will
not
willfully
or
purposely
forsake
the
great
road
or
high-way
of
Reason
and
Truth
,
and
creep
into
By-pathes
of
Error
and
Fancies
,
as
the
causes
and
right
reason
of
tributes
▪
self-preservation
,
gratitude
and
retribution
for
publick
benefits
,
and
the
support
of
that
happines
,
peace
and
plenty
,
which
every
man
that
would
not
be
a
Candidatus
amongst
such
as
are
listed
for
Bedlam
,
would
not
only
willingly
enjoy
but
leave
as
a
Legacie
to
his
posterity
.
And
the
objections
that
every
●eller
is
to
ask
what
price
he
pleaseth
for
that
which
is
his
own
,
that
no
man
by
Law
can
lesse●
or
take
that
liberty
from
him
,
which
jure
naturae
,
by
the
Law
of
Nature
is
due
unto
him
,
and
that
Jura
naturae
sunt
immutabilia
,
the
Laws
of
Nature
are
not
be
abrogated
,
that
every
Buyer
is
to
have
a
free
disposal
of
his
own
money
,
is
not
to
be
restrained
in
the
pleasing
of
his
appetite
or
f●ncy
,
or
providing
for
his
necessities
or
occasions
in
the
giving
what
rate
he
will
,
or
laying
out
of
his
own
money
,
will
be
too
weak
to
hinder
or
interrupt
our
passage
to
the
conclusion
or
proving
of
it
to
be
rational
.
For
that
the
Lawes
of
Nature
,
which
takes
care
of
particular
mens
just
rights
and
liberties
,
do
take
a
greater
for
the
generall
well-being
of
mankind
,
and
do
many
times
enforce
particulars
in
order
to
common
good
,
to
yield
and
give
place
to
Generals
,
and
God
himself
,
the
natura
naturan●
great
Master
and
Governor
of
Nature
,
and
the
greatest
and
most
prudent
of
all
Legislators
,
having
all
things
past
,
present
and
to
come
before
him
and
uno
intuitu
,
looketh
at
once
into
them
,
who
may
well
be
believed
to
be
better
skilled
in
the
making
of
Lawes
then
any
of
the
sons
of
men
,
who
at
the
best
can
only
view
the
things
that
stand
before
them
,
or
which
are
weakly
imprinted
in
their
memory
,
did
in
the
righteous
Lawes
which
he
made
for
his
beloved
people
of
Israel
and
Children
of
the
Promise
,
limit
the
taking
of
Interest
for
the
mony
which
was
their
own
,
commanded
them
not
to
be
usurers
▪
to
the
poor
of
that
people
,
and
if
they
took
a
garment
for
a
pledge
to
restore
it
unto
[
(e)
](A54682-e30480-b)
(e)
Exodus
22.
v.
24
&
25.
&
23.
v.
11.
the
borrower
before
the
going
down
of
the
sun
,
ordered
them
to
release
their
Creditors
at
the
seven
years
end
,
and
permit
the
poor
to
enjoy
their
Lands
,
their
Vineyards
and
Olive-yards
in
that
year
of
rest
,
and
not
to
sow
or
till
[
(f)
](A54682-e30590-b)
(f)
Leviticus
c●
.
25.
v.
11
,
14.
their
Land
in
the
Jubile
or
fiftieth
year
,
but
to
return
every
man
into
his
possession
,
and
in
selling
ought
unto
their
neighbour
,
or
buying
ought
of
his
hand
,
they
should
not
oppress
one
another
:
And
the
good
Nehemiah
the
righteous
governor
of
a
Remnant
of
that
people
,
did
not
take
it
to
be
out
of
the
power
of
the
chief
Magistrate
to
abate
or
mitigate
unmercifull
and
hard
hearted
bargains
and
contracts
in
the
lending
of
money
one
unto
another
,
but
was
angry
,
and
made
them
[
(g)
](A54682-e30680-b)
(g)
Nehemiah
cap
5.
forbear
their
usury
,
and
restore
to
the
Mortgagers
their
Lands
,
their
Vineyards
,
their
Olive-yards
,
and
their
houses
also
,
the
hundreth
part
of
the
money
and
of
the
corn
,
the
wine
and
the
oile
which
they
exacted
of
them
,
and
bound
them
unto
it
by
an
oath
.
From
the
pattern
,
or
by
imitation
of
which
unquestionable
Lawes
came
that
rule
or
reason
given
by
the
Wisigothes
in
a
Law
of
theirs
,
prohibiting
the
stopping
of
the
passage
of
ships
or
boats
upon
great
rivers
,
upon
the
pretence
of
a
right
of
Fishing
,
[
(h)
](A54682-e30730-b)
(h)
LL.
Wisigoth
.
lib.
8.39
.
ut
nullus
contra
multorum
commune
commodum
suae
tantummodo
utilitati
consulturus
,
that
no
man
taking
care
only
of
his
own
private
profit
more
then
that
of
the
Common-wealth
,
or
many
should
do
it
,
&
our
English
Kings
for
publick
utility
and
common
good
,
which
according
to
that
Axiome
of
the
Civil
Law
,
that
privatorum
conventiones
juri
publicae
derogare
non
debent
,
private
mens
interests
or
bargains
are
not
to
inconvenience
or
disturb
the
Publick
,
is
to
take
place
of
every
mans
particular
,
long
before
any
Acts
of
Parliament
were
made
to
bring
usury
into
some
reasonable
compass
,
have
punished
excessive
usury
,
not
suffered
any
man
[
(i)
](A54682-e30770-b)
(i)
Spelman
▪
Glossar
.
in
vocekernellare
▪
kernellare
,
to
embattel
or
build
his
house
in
the
manner
or
form
of
a
Castle
,
though
it
were
upon
his
own
ground
,
or
at
his
own
charge
,
nor
to
make
a
Park
in
his
own
ground
without
the
Kings
License
;
and
from
the
rule
of
Interest
Republicae
ut
re
sua
quisque
bene
utatur
,
that
it
is
for
the
good
of
the
Commonwealth
,
that
every
one
should
so
use
his
own
as
not
to
doe
any
hurt
to
the
publick
,
punished
one
that
set
his
corn
on
fire
;
and
in
the
Case
of
one
Barrell
in
5
Eliz.
did
by
Decree
of
the
Court
of
Star-chamber
sequester
part
of
his
Estate
to
preserve
it
from
his
Extravagant
expences
,
and
hinder
him
from
undoing
of
his
wife
and
children
,
the
abuse
of
propriety
,
and
the
evils
arising
by
a
misusage
of
it
,
being
only
thereby
restrained
as
the
prohibiting
and
punishing
a
Nusance
,
by
a
Writ
or
Indictment
,
or
the
bringing
or
suing
out
a
Curia
Claudenda
,
for
not
making
of
Fences
,
and
the
like
remedies
which
our
Laws
of
England
have
in
many
cases
provided
only
to
but
and
bound
every
mans
propriety
,
but
not
to
take
it
away
or
do
any
harme
or
hurt
unto
it
,
agreeable
to
the
opinion
of
Grotius
,
who
tells
us
out
of
the
almost
Christian
[
(k)
](A54682-e30890-b)
(k)
De
Offic.
155.
Tully
,
that
it
is
contra
naturam
ex
hominis
incommodo
nostrum
augere
commodum
,
&
natura
non
patitur
ut
aliorum
spoliis
nostras
facultates
copias
opes
augemus
,
against
the
rules
of
nature
to
increase
our
Estates
,
or
gain
by
the
spoils
and
damage
of
other
men
Et
doli
mali
vox
,
saith
that
learned
[
(l)
](A54682-e30940-b)
(l)
Grotius
de
●●re
●elli
&
pacis
lib.
2.215
.
&
231.
Grotius
,
&
omne
significat
quod
naturali
juri
&
equitati
repugnat
,
and
that
every
thing
which
is
contrary
to
equity
and
the
Laws
of
Nature
are
to
be
interpreted
fraud
and
deceit
,
neque
verò
tantum
intellectum
rerum
,
sed
&
in
voluntatis
usu
quaedam
contrahentibus
inter
se
aequalitas
debetur
,
&
ne
plus
exigatur
quam
par
est
;
and
that
not
only
in
the
right
apprehension
or
understanding
well
what
is
bought
,
but
in
the
exercise
of
the
will
,
there
be
an
equality
(
or
rule
of
equity
)
kept
and
observed
betwixt
the
contracters
,
so
as
nothing
be
exacted
or
required
more
then
is
fitting
.
From
whence
the
power
of
keeping
Markets
and
Fairs
,
and
of
the
meetings
or
gathering
together
of
the
people
to
buy
or
sell
thereat
,
which
have
been
so
exceedingly
profitable
to
the
people
,
and
so
abundantly
usefull
,
and
not
to
be
wanted
,
was
so
originally
in
government
,
and
so
inherent
to
Monarchy
and
Magistracy
,
as
without
the
Kings
Licence
or
approbation
it
could
not
without
the
danger
of
sedition
or
ill
intended
or
dangerous
Assemblies
or
Meetings
of
the
people
,
be
left
to
every
man
to
do
what
he
would
in
coming
thither
,
nor
be
consistent
with
the
Rules
of
Justice
to
permit
the
rich
and
mighty
to
oppress
the
weak
and
needy
by
enhaunce
of
prices
,
using
false
weights
or
measures
,
deceitfull
dealing
or
sale
of
corrupt
and
unwholsome
victuals
:
and
in
that
particular
also
had
no
worse
a
foundation
and
originall
then
the
Laws
and
command
of
the
Almighty
and
the
King
of
Kings
,
[
(m)
](A54682-e31000-b)
(m)
Levit.
19.35
,
36.
Ye
shall
doe
no
unrighteousness
in
judgement
in
mete
,
yard
,
in
weight
,
or
in
measure
,
just
ballances
,
just
weights
,
a
just
Ephah
and
a
just
Hin
shall
ye
have
,
a
false
ballance
is
an
abomination
to
the
Lord
,
but
a
just
weight
is
his
delight
,
a
just
weight
and
ballance
are
the
Lords
(
or
as
the
Latine
hath
it
Judicia
Domini
sunt
)
[
(n)
](A54682-e31040-b)
(n)
Proverbs
11.
v.
1.
&
16.
v.
11.
all
the
weights
of
the
bag
are
his
;
[
(o)
](A54682-e31090-b)
(o)
Levit.
27.3
&
omnis
aestimatio
siclo
Sanctuarii
ponderabitur
,
and
the
Shekel
of
the
Sanctuary
was
to
be
the
Rule
or
Standard
:
Et
statutum
ergo
erat
in
Haebraeor●m
republica
,
ut
omnes
venditiones
,
emptiones
,
omnesque
contractus
qui
pecunia
conficiebantur
probatis
siclis
juxta
justum
Sicli
Sanctuarii
conficerentur
;
and
it
was
therefore
,
saith
[
(p)
](A54682-e31120-b)
(p)
Menochius
de
Repub.
Hebrae
orum
lib.
7.
ca.
10.
&
11.
Menochius
,
a
Custome
or
Law
amongst
the
Hebrews
,
that
all
buying
sellings
and
contracts
made
for
money
should
be
according
to
that
Shekel
,
&
magistratibus
constitutis
ementium
indemnitati
consultum
est
,
and
the
care
that
buyers
should
not
be
deceived
,
belonged
to
the
Magistrate
.
The
Athenians
had
their
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
[
(p)
](A54682-e31220-b)
(p)
Sigonius
de
Repub.
Atheniens●um
lib.
4.
ca.
3.
ad
quos
pertinebat
curare
ut
venditores
justis
mensuris
uterentur
,
Officers
like
our
Clerks
of
the
Market
,
which
did
oversee
and
take
care
that
the
sellers
should
sell
by
just
and
true
measures
,
and
the
other
Cites
and
parts
of
Greece
were
not
without
their
Officers
,
qui
negotiationi
&
Nundinationi
praefuerunt
,
which
were
appointed
to
look
to
the
Markets
and
Fairs
,
which
[
(r)
](A54682-e31280-b)
(r)
Aristotel
Politic.
Aristotle
likes
so
well
of
as
he
makes
it
to
be
primum
ex
necessariis
,
more
then
ordinarily
necessary
.
To
which
were
somthing
near
related
the
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
at
Athens
,
qui
curabant
ut
frumentum
farinae
&
panes
justo
pretio
venderentur
e●rumque
decem
in
urbe
jus
dicebant
quinque
in
Piraeo
,
which
ordered
corn
,
bread
,
and
other
provisions
to
be
sold
at
reasonable
rates
,
ten
of
which
had
their
Judicatories
in
the
City
it self
and
five
in
the
Piraeum
or
Haven
.
Whence
probably
the
Romans
their
imitators
,
and
after
subduers
,
having
learned
it
,
had
their
[
(s)
](A54682-e31370-b)
(s)
Persius
Sat.
6.
&
Juvenal
Sat.
10.
Rofinus
de
A●ti●u●tat
.
Rom
u.
●ib
.
7.
cap.
24.
Aediles
Cereales
qui
falsas
mensuras
frangebant
,
which
broke
any
false
Measures
they
could
find
,
and
imposed
Fines
upon
offenders
,
quibus
,
as
St.
Hierom
saith
[
(t)
](A54682-e31450-b)
(t)
D.
Hier.
Ep.
4.
vendentium
rabies
coercebatur
,
the
extortion
of
sellers
was
hindred
,
and
some
ages
after
under
their
Emperors
[
(u)
](A54682-e31480-b)
(u)
Pancirollus
in
notic
.
Imp.
occidentis
ca.
5.
vini
carnis
&
sabi●
curam
prefectus
Annon●
habebat
ut
ne
immodico
pretio
obsonia
venderentur
,
the
Prefect
or
Surveyor
of
victuals
and
provision
did
take
care
that
wine
,
flesh
,
salt
and
victuals
,
should
not
be
sold
at
unreasonable
prices
aestimabantur
pecora
pro
anni
fertilitate
&
usu
temporum
,
and
set
the
rates
of
Cattel
according
to
the
plenty
of
the
year
or
accustomed
rates
,
Et
pec●rum
carniumque
,
&
aliorum
ad
victum
civium
spectantium
prefectus
urbis
arbiter
erat
:
And
the
Governour
of
the
City
had
also
a
power
of
rating
the
price
of
Cattel
,
flesh
and
other
victuals
:
and
the
Civil
Law
informes
us
that
in
every
Town
of
the
[
(x)
](A54682-e31530-b)
(x)
Cod.
lib.
10.
de
Po●der
.
Roman
Empire
,
which
was
once
extended
over
a
great
part
of
the
world
,
there
were
some
appointed
to
look
to
weights
and
measures
.
Which
the
Gothes
(
as
small
friends
as
they
were
of
the
Civil
Lawes
)
so
well
liked
as
they
could
not
but
cut
out
a
pattern
by
it
,
and
the
Franks
,
Germans
,
Swedes
and
Spaniards
,
and
all
other
Nations
of
Europe
within
the
large
lines
of
Communication
of
the
Jus
Caesareum
,
or
Civil
Law
,
though
some
of
them
as
the
Dutch
,
Hungarians
and
others
gain
the
greater
Excise
or
Tribute
by
the
rise
or
heightning
of
the
prices
of
many
things
which
are
sold
at
the
Markets
,
in
the
great
and
Western
Empire
of
the
Romans
,
held
to
be
so
consistent
with
[
(y)
](A54682-e31650-b)
(y)
Digest
.
lib.
27.
tit.
1.26
.
Cassiodorus
varia●
.
lib.
6.18
.
&
23.
Marant
.
Specul
.
Aur.
parte
4.9
.
dist.
Jud.
&
de
indic
mercator
.
right
reason
,
and
the
ends
and
good
of
Government
as
by
the
love
and
liking
or
necessity
of
it
they
would
make
that
and
no
other
the
path
and
readiest
way
to
suppress
or
prevent
the
peoples
too
much
exacting
and
oppressing
of
one
another
in
the
daily
use
of
victuals
and
necessaries
,
as
the
Banda's
or
rates
set
by
the
Magistrates
in
Rome
,
Florence
,
Italy
and
Spain
upon
Butchers
meat
and
other
sorts
of
victuals
and
commodities
,
so
as
a
child
may
be
sent
to
Market
and
not
be
cozened
will
sufficiently
evidence
.
The
Wisigothes
ordained
double
the
price
,
quantum
de
justo
pretio
fraudatum
est
,
as
much
as
was
over
and
above
their
just
price
to
be
restored
by
the
buyer
to
the
seller
;
Et
si
in
[
(z)
](A54682-e31790-b)
(z)
LL.
Wisigoth
.
lib.
5.6
.
contractu
venditionis
minus
precium
datum
fuerit
&
per
fraudem
;
if
in
the
bargain
a
lesser
price
was
given
by
deceipt
,
aut
etiam
contra
voluntatem
vendentis
amplius
datum
▪
precium
,
or
a
price
greater
then
the
seller
would
have
taken
.
And
Four
times
the
[
(a)
](A54682-e31840-b)
(a)
Edictum
Theodorici
Regis
in
Lindenbrogio
259.
value
of
what
was
gained
by
deceipts
by
false
weights
or
measures
was
to
be
paid
to
the
party
grieved
.
The
old
[
(b)
](A54682-e31870-b)
(b)
LL.
Almanorum
capitl.
78.
Almans
did
rate
and
set
the
price
of
Oxen.
The
Emperor
Charlemaigne
commanded
the
Longobards
,
ut
mensurae
secundum
jussionem
suam
aequales
fiant
,
that
their
measures
should
,
as
he
had
ordained
,
be
[
(c)
](A54682-e31940-b)
(c)
LL.
Longobard
.
lib.
3.
tit
.
22.
&
Goldastus
constitutiones
Imperial
.
151.
equall
,
and
in
time
of
scarcity
and
famine
limited
the
price
of
Oats
and
Barley
.
The
Emperor
Frederick
the
Second
in
Anno
1224.
ordained
that
deprehensus
in
dolo
cibaria
prohibita
vel
corrupta
,
vel
vinum
lymphatum
pro
puro
vendendo
,
That
if
any
of
the
[
(d)
](A54682-e32020-b)
(d)
Constitut.
Sicularum
lib.
3.
tit.
36.
Sicilians
should
deceive
another
,
or
sell
prohibited
or
corrupt
meat
,
or
bad
and
adulterated
wine
(
though
by
no
worse
ingredients
then
water
)
for
good
,
he
should
pay
a
pound
of
the
purest
gold
to
his
Exchequer
:
if
he
were
poor
,
and
could
not
pay
it
,
he
should
be
beaten
,
and
if
taken
in
the
fault
the
second
time
should
loose
his
hand
,
and
the
third
time
should
be
hanged
;
Et
ad
legitima
pondera
&
mensuras
merces
quaslibet
vendere
voluit
venditores
;
and
commanding
that
all
things
should
be
sold
by
just
weights
and
measures
,
ordained
that
whosoever
should
be
found
guilty
in
doing
contrary
thereunto
,
should
pay
a
pound
of
the
purest
gold
to
his
Treasury
quam
si
dare
non
poterit
condemnatus
cum
pondere
&
mensura
ad
collum
ejus
appensis
in
sui
paenam
(
a
well
deserved
punishment
,
and
every
where
to
be
imitated
)
&
aliorum
exemplum
per
terram
in
qua
fraudem
commiserit
publice
fustigetur
,
which
if
he
should
not
be
able
to
pay
,
he
was
with
the
weight
or
measure
hung
about
his
neck
for
a
punishment
to
deterre
others
from
doing
the
like
,
to
be
beaten
about
the
place
where
the
fraud
was
committed
,
for
the
second
offence
to
have
his
hand
cut
off
,
and
for
the
third
to
be
hanged
.
The
[
(e)
](A54682-e32100-b)
(e)
Leges
Swecorum
collectae
per
Reginaldum
Ingemundum
,
l.
7
ca.
1.
&
2.
Swedes
ordained
that
all
moveables
should
be
bought
presentia
testium
,
before
witnesses
,
and
imposed
penalties
upon
any
deceits
used
therein
.
And
in
the
former
France
,
(
for
the
modern
ought
to
be
distinguished
from
the
antient
,
as
having
for
the
most
part
since
unhapily
exchanged
their
antient
Laws
&
Liberties
for
an
Arbitrary
power
)
the
survey
&
correction
of
weights
and
measures
is
as
it
was
formerly
,
un
droit
de
la
couronne
a
right
of
the
Crown
,
and
antiently
there
were
Roys
des
Merciers
en
toutes
les
Provinces
de
France
proueus
par
le
grand
Chambrier
de
France
qui
avoyent
la
visitation
des
poids
et
balances
,
some
Officers
called
Kings
of
the
[
(f)
](A54682-e32210-b)
(f)
Charles
Loyseau
du
droit
de
Police
ca.
9.
Mercers
in
every
Province
of
France
,
appointed
by
the
great
Chamberlain
of
France
,
which
were
to
visit
the
weights
,
measures
and
ballances
;
and
Tiller
saith
that
the
grand
Chambellan
himself
was
therefore
sometimes
called
Roy
de
Merciers
&
quand
l'
office
Feodall
du
grand
Chambrier
avec
ses
dependances
a
es●e
reiiny
a
la
Couronne
par
le
Roy
Francois
le
premier
en
l'
an
.
1545
les
Roys
ont
bien
commis
des
visiteurs
ou
Roys
des
Merciers
,
&c.
King
of
the
Mercers
;
and
that
when
the
Office
Feodal
of
the
great
Chamberlain
with
its
dependances
was
united
to
the
Crown
by
King
Francis
the
first
in
the
year
1545.
the
Kings
of
France
have
since
appointed
those
visiteurs
,
&c.
Et
qu'en
la
menue
merchandise
qui
sont
les
victualles
et
autres
,
petites
,
commoditez
pour
l'
entretien
et
usage
iournalier
du
peuple
les
Juges
de
Police
y
peuvent
mettre
tax
et
faire
tout
autre
reglement
pour
empescher
les
Monopoles
et
autres
abus
mesme
pour
fair
fournir
l'
habitant
avant
le
Marchand
qui
les
vent
revendre
;
and
as
touching
small
Merchandize
,
as
victuals
,
and
other
the
like
commodities
for
the
daily
use
of
the
people
,
the
Magistrates
,
or
Judges
appointed
for
that
purpose
,
may
set
a
rate
or
price
,
make
orders
to
prevent
ingrossings
,
monopolies
,
or
other
abuses
,
and
command
the
seller
to
furnish
the
Inhabitants
before
such
as
buy
to
sell
again
;
Et
de
cet
article
dependent
les
poids
&
mesures
pour
ce
qu'en
vain
y
mettroit
en
le
prix
si
le
poids
et
mesures
n'y
estoient
certaines
&
justes
;
And
to
them
the
care
of
weights
and
measures
appertained
,
for
that
otherwise
it
would
be
in
vain
to
set
the
price
,
if
the
measures
and
weights
should
not
be
certain
and
just
.
And
our
Saxon
Kings
did
think
the
Markers
deserved
a
more
then
ordinary
care
to
be
taken
therein
,
when
as
King
Alured
or
Alfred
,
as
good
in
his
government
as
his
name
,
did
as
Sir
Henry
Spelman
thinks
most
probably
,
ordain
Court
Leets
to
be
holden
twice
a
year
in
singulis
Villis
in
every
(
or
many
)
Towns
of
the
Kingdome
,
and
that
in
the
multitude
of
those
very
atnient
little
Courts
,
which
our
Nobility
and
Gentry
have
ever
found
to
be
very
usefull
for
their
own
just
rights
and
power
over
their
Tenants
in
their
Regalities
(
as
they
are
now
called
)
and
subordinate
Jurisdictions
;
and
if
well
observed
and
looked
unto
would
be
for
the
publick
good
and
profit
both
of
the
King
and
all
sorts
of
his
people
.
The
Steward
gives
at
this
day
in
charge
to
the
Juries
(
little
or
not
at
all
observed
,
the
more
is
the
pitty
,
to
the
great
inconveniencies
and
grievances
of
the
people
)
to
inquire
of
deceits
and
abuses
in
Trade
,
or
such
as
make
or
sell
deceitfull
wares
,
or
sell
by
false
weights
and
measures
,
of
Bakers
and
Brewers
which
keep
not
the
assise
,
prices
,
and
quantities
according
to
the
Writing
or
(
Roll
)
of
the
(
Kings
)
Marshalsey
,
of
Victuallers
,
and
Fishers
,
selling
at
unreasonable
rates
;
of
Forestallers
,
Regrators
,
and
Ingrossers
,
or
which
buy
up
Corn
,
Butter
,
Cheese
,
and
other
victuals
with
an
intent
to
sell
again
to
advance
the
price
thereof
,
&c.
King
[
(g)
](A54682-e32470-b)
(g)
LL.
Ed●vardi
2.
Edward
in
Anno
912.
did
ordain
that
no
man
should
buy
any
thing
without
a
voucher
,
nor
out
of
a
Town
,
unless
in
presence
of
a
Magistrate
or
other
good
men
.
King
[
(h)
](A54682-e32510-b)
(h)
Aethelstani
12.
Athelstane
about
Anno
930.
orda●ned
that
extra
oppidum
quicquam
viginti
denariis
carius
aestimatum
,
no
man
should
buy
any
thing
out
of
a
Town
of
above
the
value
of
twenty
pence
or
within
the
Town
,
but
in
the
presence
of
the
Magistrate
or
the
Kings
Officer
.
King
[
(i)
](A54682-e32560-b)
(i)
LL.
Edgari
8.
Edgar
did
about
the
year
960.
ordain
the
price
wooll
with
a
nec
pluris
is
vendatur
,
that
more
should
not
be
given
for
it
.
[
(k)
](A54682-e32600-b)
(k)
LL.
Canu●●
9.
&
22.
Canutus
made
a
Law
against
false
weights
and
measures
,
and
no
man
in
City
and
Country
was
to
buy
any
thing
living
or
dead
exceeding
the
price
of
four
pence
without
the
testimony
of
four
good
witnesses
;
and
if
he
did
and
another
claimed
it
,
he
should
not
vouch
him
that
sold
it
.
The
[
(l)
](A54682-e32650-b)
(l)
LL
Edwardi
C●nfessoris
.
24.
Thol
or
Toll
,
as
we
now
call
it
,
was
before
and
at
the
Conquest
usually
paid
pro
libertate
vendendi
&
●mendi
,
for
licence
to
buy
or
sell
,
or
as
a
Tribute
upon
the
sale
thereof
.
Every
man
was
[
(m)
](A54682-e32710-b)
(m)
Ibidem
38.
prohibited
to
buy
any
thing
sine
fidejussoribus
,
without
Vouchers
or
Pledges
:
And
if
the
Seller
had
not
Pledges
,
he
was
to
be
stayed
or
arrested
untill
he
had
brought
a
warranty
:
Et
si
quis
aliter
emeret
quod
stultè
emisset
cito
perdet
;
And
if
any
should
otherwise
buy
he
was
quickly
to
loose
what
he
had
so
foolishly
bought
.
By
the
Laws
of
[
(n)
](A54682-e32760-b)
(n)
LL.
Gulielmi
Conquestoris
43.
William
the
Conqueror
nemo
emat
quantum
quatuor
denariis
aestimatur
,
neque
de
re
mortua
,
ne
que
de
viva
absque
testimonio
quatuor
hominum
,
aut
de
Burgo
,
aut
de
villa
;
no
man
was
to
buy
any
thing
which
amounted
to
the
value
of
4
d.
without
testimony
of
four
witnesses
of
the
Town
or
Village
;
Et
ut
nulla
viva
pecunia
vendatur
aut
ematur
nisi
intra
civitates
;
et
hoc
ante
tres
fideles
testes
,
nec
aeliquam
rem
vetitam
sine
fidejussore
&
warranto
quod
si
aliter
fecerit
solvat
&
persolvat
▪
&
postea
forisfacturam
;
nor
to
sell
or
buy
any
thing
for
money
but
within
Cities
,
and
before
three
witnesses
,
nor
without
a
Voucher
or
warranty
;
and
if
any
did
otherwise
they
were
to
be
fined
,
and
at
last
incurre
a
forfeiture
.
[
(o)
](A54682-e32820-b)
(o)
Ibidem
60.
Item
nullum
mercatum
vel
forum
fieri
permittatur
,
nisi
in
civitatibus
regni
,
&
jus
suum
commune
&
dignitatis
coronae
quae
constituta
sunt
a
bonis
[
(p)
](A54682-e32850-b)
(p)
Ibidem
61.
predecessoribus
suis
deperiri
non
possunt
,
nec
violari
,
sed
omnia
rite
,
&
in
aperto
,
&
per
judicium
●ieri
debent
,
likewise
that
no
Market
be
kept
but
in
Cities
,
so
that
the
right
of
the
King
and
the
dignity
of
his
Crown
,
as
it
was
constituted
in
the
times
of
his
good
predecessors
,
might
not
be
lost
,
defrauded
,
or
violated
;
and
that
all
things
be
rightly
and
openly
done
according
to
right
and
justice
.
King
Henry
the
1.
his
Son
(
saith
the
Monk
of
Malmsbury
)
[
(q)
](A54682-e32910-b)
(q)
Sel●en
Janus
Anglorum
&
Malmesbury
in
leg
bus
Hen●●ci
prim●
collect
.
per
Seldenum
&
edit
.
per
Cl.
R●gerum
Twisden
Equit.
Aurat
.
corrected
the
false
Ell
or
Measure
,
so
called
of
the
Merchants
,
brachii
sui
mensura
adhibita
omnibusque
per
Angliam
proposita
,
&
causing
one
to
be
made
according
to
the
measure
or
length
of
his
own
arm
,
ordered
it
to
be
used
through
all
England
,
and
in
his
Laws
reckoneth
the
punishment
of
false
Coiners
,
and
prohibiting
and
punishing
of
Forestall
,
or
forestalling
of
Markets
,
inter
Jura
,
his
Rights
&
Royal
Prerogatives
;
quae
Rex
Angliae
solus
&
super
omnes
homines
habet
in
terra
sua
,
which
belonged
to
him
only
as
King
of
England
,
and
[
(r)
](A54682-e32990-b)
(r)
Houeden
,
in
H.
1.
without
an
Act
of
Parliament
ordered
the
rate
and
value
of
mony
,
which
being
the
mensura
rerum
,
measure
&
guide
of
all
things
in
commerce
and
dealings
one
man
with
another
,
hath
no
small
influence
or
power
in
the
heightning
or
lessening
of
the
price
of
things
,
and
is
such
a
part
of
Soveraignty
,
as
the
Parliament
in
their
19.
high
and
mighty
and
unreasonable
propositions
sent
unto
the
late
King
Charles
the
Martyr
in
his
troubles
in
June
1642.
never
attempted
to
restrain
or
take
from
him
.
In
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
second
,
when
(
as
Ranuphus
de
Glanvilla
Chief
Justice
of
England
under
him
,
saith
in
that
book
,
which
is
generally
believed
to
have
been
written
by
him
)
the
Laws
and
Customes
of
England
,
being
ratione
introductis
&
diu
obtentis
,
founded
upon
reason
,
and
long
used
,
had
arrived
to
that
perfection
,
as
pauperes
non
opprimabantur
adversarii
potentia
,
nec
a
limitibus
Judiciorum
[
()
](A54682-e33120-b)
()
Glanvill
in
Proae●mio
&
lib.
14.
cap.
7.
propellabat
quenquam
amicorum
favor
&
gratia
;
the
poor
were
not
oppressed
by
their
adversaries
power
,
nor
did
partiality
or
friendship
hinder
any
from
Justice
,
the
inquiry
and
punishment
of
false
measures
and
all
manner
of
deceipts
did
appertain
Coronae
Regis
,
to
the
King
only
.
Justices
in
Eyre
were
after
the
return
of
King
Richard
the
first
from
his
Captivity
sent
into
all
Counties
of
England
to
enquire
amongst
other
things
de
[
(t)
](A54682-e33220-b)
(t)
Hoveden
Annal
parte
posterior
.
423.
Faeneratoribus
&
vinis
venditis
contra
Assisam
&
de
falsis
mensuris
tam
vini
quam
aliarum
rerum
,
of
Usurers
,
and
of
wine
sold
contrary
to
the
Assize
,
and
of
false
measures
as
well
of
wine
as
other
things
.
In
Anno
quarto
of
King
John
,
being
thirteen
years
before
the
granting
of
Magna
Charta
de
Libertatibus
Angliae
,
the
great
Charter
of
the
Liberties
of
England
,
the
King
did
by
his
Edict
and
Proclamation
command
the
Assize
of
bread
to
be
strictly
observed
,
under
the
pain
of
standing
upon
the
Pillory
,
and
the
rates
were
set
,
[
*
](A54682-e33300-b)
*
Mat.
Paris
208.
&
the
Assise
approved
per
Pistorem
(
as
Matthew
Paris
saith
)
Gaufridi
filii
Petri
Justiciarii
Angliae
,
&
Pistorem
R.
de
Thurnam
,
by
the
Baker
of
Jeoffry
Fitz
Peter
Justice
of
England
,
and
the
Baker
of
R.
of
Thurnam
.
And
in
the
Magna
Charta
,
and
Liberties
granted
by
him
afterwards
:
at
Running
Munde
or
Mead
near
Stanes
assented
(
which
our
Ancestors
and
Procurers
of
that
Charter
believed
to
be
for
a
publick
good
)
that
una
mensura
vini
&
cervisiae
sit
per
totum
Regnum
,
&
una
mensura
bladi
scilicet
quarterium
Londinense
,
&
una
latitudo
pannorum
tinctorum
&
russetorum
,
&
[
(u)
](A54682-e33450-b)
(u)
Char●●
Regis
Johannis
in
Mat.
Paris
258.
haubergetorum
)
panni
genus
,
a
kind
of
Cloth
,
saith
Sir
Henry
Spelman
,
then
so
called
)
there
should
be
throughout
all
England
one
measure
of
Wine
and
Beer
,
and
the
like
of
Corn
,
and
of
the
breadth
of
Cloth
died
,
and
russet
,
or
other
kinds
.
And
was
confirmed
by
[
(x)
](A54682-e33510-b)
(x)
2.
H.
3.
cap.
25.
King
Henry
the
third
his
Son
in
Anno
9.
of
his
Reign
,
who
by
an
Ordinance
made
by
the
Kings
command
,
and
on
the
behalf
of
the
King
(
howsoever
it
be
stiled
a
Statute
,
and
is
placed
in
our
Statute
book
collected
by
Mr.
Poulton
,
amongst
those
which
he
calleth
Statutes
incerti
temporis
,
made
in
the
Reigns
of
Hen.
3.
Ed.
1.
or
Ed.
2.
but
cannot
assign
by
whom
or
in
what
years
or
times
,
but
in
all
probability
in
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
third
)
did
ordain
that
no
Forestaller
which
is
an
open
oppresser
of
poor
people
,
and
of
the
Commonalty
,
and
an
enemy
of
the
whole
Shire
and
Countrey
,
which
for
greediness
of
his
private
gain
doth
prevent
others
in
buying
Grain
,
Fish
,
Herring
,
or
any
other
thing
to
be
sold
coming
by
Land
or
waters
,
oppressing
the
poor
and
deceiving
the
rich
,
and
c●rrieth
away
such
things
intending
to
sell
them
more
deer
,
should
be
suffered
to
dwell
in
any
Town
;
he
that
shall
be
convict
thereof
shall
for
the
first
offence
be
amerced
and
lose
the
thing
so
bought
,
and
for
the
second
time
have
judgement
of
the
Pillory
,
the
third
time
be
imprisoned
and
make
Fine
;
and
the
fourth
time
abjure
the
Town
.
And
this
Judgement
to
be
given
upon
all
manner
of
Forestallers
,
and
likewise
upon
them
that
have
given
them
counsel
,
help
,
or
favour
.
And
providing
that
his
people
should
not
be
oppressed
with
immoderate
&
unreasonable
prices
in
the
buying
of
food
and
victuals
and
other
necessaries
did
by
his
Writ
limit
the
price
of
Lampreys
;
[
(z)
](A54682-e33710-b)
(z)
Claus.
●
.
H.
3.
m.
●
.
his
Reign
,
upon
a
complaint
of
some
Merchants
of
Lynn
,
that
when
they
came
to
sell
their
goods
and
Merchandize
at
Norwich
,
the
Merchants
(
or
Tradesmen
)
took
away
their
goods
and
Merchandise
to
the
value
of
three
hundred
marks
;
by
his
writ
give
them
power
to
arrest
and
seize
any
goods
of
the
Norwich
Merchants
which
should
come
to
any
Fairs
at
Lyn
,
untill
that
Justice
should
be
done
unto
them
:
And
in
[
(a)
](A54682-e33800-b)
(a)
Claus.
49.
H
3.
m.
11.
in
do●s●
.
anno
49.
of
his
Reign
commanded
the
Barons
of
the
Exchequer
that
they
should
inroll
,
and
cause
to
be
executed
his
Letters
Patents
of
a
Confirmation
to
the
Citizens
of
Lincoln
of
a
Charter
of
King
Henry
the
second
his
Grandfather
,
that
the
Sheriff
and
other
the
Kings
Officers
and
Ministers
of
Lincolnschiry
should
not
hinder
forraign
Merchants
to
come
to
Lincoln
to
trade
there
ita
rationabiliter
&
juste
,
as
reasonably
and
justly
as
they
were
wont
to
do
in
the
times
of
his
great
Grandfather
Henry
the
first
,
his
Uncle
King
Richard
,
and
his
Father
King
John
,
or
at
any
time
in
his
own
Reign
,
untill
his
first
going
over
the
Seas
into
Britain
;
for
the
Kings
of
England
,
saith
the
learned
Sir
John
Davies
[
(b)
](A54682-e33970-b)
(b)
Sir
John
Davies
A●gument
upon
the
question
of
Impositions
.
have
always
●ad
a
special
Prerogative
in
the
ordering
and
government
of
all
Trade
and
Traffique
in
Corporations
,
Markets
and
Fairs
within
the
Kingdom
,
which
the
Common
Law
of
England
doth
acknowledge
and
submit
unto
,
as
amongst
many
other
things
may
appear
,
by
the
Charter
granted
to
the
Abbot
of
Westminster
mentioned
in
the
Register
of
Writs
wherein
the
King
doth
grant
to
the
Abbot
&
his
Successors
to
hold
a
Fair
at
Westminster
for
two
and
thirty
dayes
together
with
a
Prohibition
,
Whence
for
the
freedome
of
Markets
and
Fairs
,
protection
in
going
and
retorning
,
and
other
immunities
had
their
extraction
and
original
,
and
no
less
just
and
reasonable
then
antient
foundation
,
those
duties
of
Toll
or
Tribute
for
all
things
sold
in
them
,
&
the
Exemptions
of
the
Kings
own
Tenants
or
in
Auntient
demeasn
,
by
writs
de
quietos
esse
de
Theloneo
to
be
Toll-free
,
à
regale
,
and
power
(
not
denied
to
any
forreign
Prince
or
King
in
Christendome
,
or
the
States
of
Holland
in
their
free
,
as
they
would
be
called
,
Common-wealth
)
the
benefit
and
authority
whereof
most
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
of
this
Nation
,
tanquam
Reguli
,
as
little
Kings
,
do
by
the
Charters
and
Grants
of
the
Kings
of
England
,
or
a
Prescription
or
time
immemoriall
,
which
supposeth
it
now
,
injoy
in
their
Manors
under
that
part
only
of
his
Prerogative
,
and
many
Cities
,
Boroughs
,
and
Towns
Corporate
,
by
their
Charters
have
likewise
not
only
before
the
49
of
Henry
third
,
but
in
almost
every
Kings
Reign
since
their
Liberties
,
Customes
,
and
Franchises
concerning
their
Markets
and
Fairs
,
and
the
assise
and
correction
of
victuals
.
Whence
also
were
deduced
the
Standard
kept
in
the
Exchequer
for
all
weights
and
measures
,
the
Kings
power
of
the
Mynt
,
coyning
,
enhauncing
,
or
decrying
the
value
of
moneys
,
and
his
publick
Beam
or
Weigh-house
in
London
,
where
all
Merchandise
brought
from
beyond
the
Seas
are
or
should
be
justly
weighed
.
And
whence
it
came
that
King
Henry
the
3.
in
the
ninth
year
of
his
Reign
caused
the
Constable
of
the
Tower
of
London
to
arrest
the
Ships
of
the
Cinque-Ports
on
the
Thames
,
and
compel
them
to
bring
their
Corn
to
no
other
place
but
only
to
the
Queens
Hithe
,
charged
in
anno
undecimo
of
his
Reign
the
said
Constable
to
distrain
all
Fish
offered
to
be
sold
in
any
place
but
at
Queen
Hithe
,
and
that
Tolls
and
payments
were
then
and
formerly
made
and
paid
to
the
Kings
use
for
Corn
,
Fish
,
and
all
other
provisions
brought
thither
,
or
to
Down
or
Dowgate
(
the
rent
and
profit
whereof
were
afterwards
in
[
(c)
](A54682-e34290-b)
(c)
Pa●.
31
H.
3.
anno
31.
of
his
Reign
granted
and
confirmed
to
the
Maior
and
Commonalty
of
London
at
50
l.
per
annum
Fee-farme
.
)
And
in
Anno
14
H.
3.
forraign
Ships
laden
with
Fish
were
ordered
to
unlade
only
at
Queen
Hithe
,
and
if
any
did
contrary
thereunto
he
should
be
amerced
forty
shillings
.
Whence
also
proceeded
that
well
known
and
antient
Office
of
the
Clerk
of
the
Markets
in
the
later
end
of
the
Reign
of
King
Edward
the
first
,
[
(d)
](A54682-e34410-b)
(d)
Fleta
lib
2
▪
●ad
.
8.
who
was
not
to
be
a
stranger
in
the
prices
or
rates
of
the
Markets
,
for
his
Office
extended
something
further
then
the
care
of
just
weights
and
measures
,
and
,
as
Sir
John
Davies
saith
,
was
to
oversee
and
correct
all
abuses
in
Markets
and
Fairs
,
it
being
said
in
Fleta
,
that
ipse
in
notitia
assisarum
panis
,
vini
,
mensurarum
,
cervisiae
debet
experiri
,
ut
inde
notitiam
habeat
pleniorem
,
he
ought
well
to
inform
himself
of
the
assises
of
Bread
;
Measures
,
Beer
and
Wine
(
the
later
of
which
was
not
assised
or
rated
by
the
assisa
panis
&
cervisiae
in
anno
51
of
Henry
the
third
)
and
no
man
could
be
fitter
to
watch
and
hinder
(
for
the
Justices
in
Eyre
came
but
twice
a
year
or
seldome
into
every
County
)
Forestallers
,
or
such
as
made
the
Markets
dearer
,
or
informe
or
give
evidence
thereof
to
the
Justices
in
Eyre
,
or
Juries
impanelled
by
them
,
then
the
Clerk
of
the
Markets
,
who
was
probably
attendant
in
all
the
Iters
or
Eyres
,
for
otherwise
the
Juries
who
had
it
then
in
charge
to
inquire
of
false
weights
and
measures
,
or
such
as
buy
by
one
measure
and
sell
by
another
,
would
have
wanted
,
or
not
so
well
have
had
their
evidence
;
and
the
Justices
in
Eyre
could
not
so
well
inquire
in
their
Eyres
or
Circuits
de
custodibus
mensurarum
,
of
the
Guardians
of
the
measures
(
or
Clerks
of
the
Market
,
for
so
they
may
be
understood
to
be
)
which
took
bribes
or
gifts
to
permit
false
Measures
,
if
there
had
been
but
one
Clerk
of
the
Market
infra
villatas
&
virgam
hospitii
Regis
,
within
the
Townships
or
Virge
of
the
Kings
House
:
or
if
as
Sir
Edward
Coke
supposeth
,
the
Clerks
of
the
Market
had
been
penned
within
the
narrow
compass
of
the
Kings
House
and
the
Virge
thereof
,
or
that
the
cares
of
the
Fairs
and
Markets
,
and
the
Justice
of
the
Kingdome
as
to
that
concernment
had
been
but
only
calculated
for
the
Kings
Houshold
,
and
confined
unto
it
.
When
as
Bracton
a
learned
Judge
sub
ultima
tempora
Henrici
Tertii
,
in
the
later
end
of
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
third
,
hath
recorded
in
his
book
de
Legibus
&
consuetudinibus
Angliae
,
of
the
Lawes
and
Customes
of
England
▪
the
Justices
in
Eyre
did
enquire
[
(e)
](A54682-e34650-b)
(e)
Bracton
lib.
3.
de
Coronae
116.
&
120.
de
mensuris
factis
&
juratis
per
Regnum
si
servatae
sint
sicut
praevisum
fuit
&
de
vinis
venditis
contra
Assisam
,
&c.
of
the
Measures
sworn
to
be
observed
whether
they
were
kept
as
it
was
ordained
,
and
of
Wines
sold
contrary
thereunto
:
And
was
of
opinion
that
it
was
gravis
praesumptio
contra
Regem
&
coronam
,
&
dignitatem
suam
si
assisae
statutae
&
juratae
in
regno
suo
ad
commuem
Regni
sui
utilitatem
non
fuerint
observatae
,
a
great
offence
against
the
King
,
his
Crown
and
Dignity
,
if
the
assizes
or
rates
which
were
appointed
and
sworn
to
be
kept
in
the
Kingdome
to
the
common
profit
or
weal
publick
thereof
,
should
not
be
kept
.
Which
do
fully
evidence
that
those
antient
Rights
of
the
Crown
were
inquirable
in
the
Eyres
and
Leets
long
before
that
which
is
called
a
Statute
of
view
of
Frank
pledge
in
anno
18
Ed.
2.
was
made
,
which
at
the
best
was
but
declaratory
of
what
was
before
the
Common
Law
,
&
some
other
antient
Customes
of
England
.
And
anno
51
H.
3.
in
the
assisa
panis
&
cervisae
being
as
Decrees
or
Rates
ordained
(
which
as
to
Ale
and
Drink
the
Judicious
and
right-learned
Sir
Henry
Spelman
believeth
was
[
(f)
](A54682-e34820-b)
(f)
Spelman
Glossa●
.
in
voce
assisa
.
altioris
originis
,
and
as
antient
as
18
R.
1.
mutatis
ratione
seculi
mutandae
,
to
be
altered
and
changed
according
to
the
rates
and
prices
of
Barley
,
and
what
they
made
it
with
)
and
confirmed
by
Inspeximus
of
the
Ordinances
of
divers
Kings
of
England
the
Kings
Progenitors
,
which
set
the
assise
of
Bread
and
Ale
,
and
the
making
of
measures
;
and
howsoever
stiled
a
Statute
,
appears
not
to
have
been
an
Act
of
Parliament
,
but
an
Exemplification
only
made
of
those
Ordinances
and
Orders
by
King
Henry
the
third
at
the
request
of
the
Bakers
of
Coventry
,
mentioning
that
by
an
Act
of
Parliament
made
in
the
first
year
of
his
Reign
,
he
had
granted
that
all
good
Statutes
and
Ordinances
made
in
the
times
of
his
Progenitors
aforesaid
,
and
not
revoked
,
should
be
still
holden
,
in
which
the
rates
and
assise
of
bread
are
said
to
have
been
approved
by
the
Kings
Bakers
,
and
contained
in
a
Writing
of
the
Marshalsey
(
of
the
Kings
House
where
the
Chief
Justice
and
other
Ministers
of
Justice
then
resided
)
and
by
an
Ordinance
or
Statute
made
in
the
same
year
for
the
punishment
of
the
offending
Bakers
by
the
Pillory
,
and
the
Brewers
by
the
Tumbrel
or
some
other
correction
.
The
Bayliffs
were
to
enquire
of
the
price
of
Wheat
,
Barley
and
Oats
at
the
Markets
;
and
after
how
the
Bakers
bread
in
the
Court
did
agree
,
that
is
to
wit
waistel
(
which
name
a
sort
of
bread
of
the
Court
or
Kings
House
doth
yet
retain
)
and
other
bread
,
after
Wheat
of
the
best
,
of
the
second
,
or
of
the
third
price
;
also
upon
how
much
increase
or
decrease
in
the
price
of
wheat
a
Baker
ought
to
change
the
assize
and
weight
of
his
bread
,
and
how
much
the
wastel
of
a
farthing
ought
to
weigh
,
and
all
other
manner
of
bread
after
the
price
of
a
quarter
of
Wheat
(
which
shewes
that
the
Tryal
,
Test
;
Assay
,
or
Assize
of
the
true
weight
of
bread
to
be
sold
in
all
the
Kingdome
was
to
be
by
the
Kings
Baker
of
his
House
or
Court
,
and
that
there
was
the
Rule
or
Standard
)
and
that
the
prices
should
increase
or
decrease
after
the
rate
of
six
pence
.
And
Fleta
an
Author
planè
incognitus
,
as
to
his
name
(
saith
Mr.
Selden
)
altogether
unknown
who
writ
about
the
later
end
of
the
Reign
of
King
Ed.
1.
tells
us
,
that
amongst
the
[
(g)
](A54682-e35020-b)
(g)
Fleta
lib.
1.
cu.
10.
&
lib.
2.75
.
&
Selden
.
dissert.
in
Fletam
.
Capitula
coronae
&
itineris
,
the
Articles
in
the
Eyre
concerning
the
Pleas
of
the
Crown
which
were
not
then
novel
,
or
of
any
late
institution
)
enquiries
were
made
de
vinorum
contra
rectam
assisam
venditoribus
,
&
de
mensuris
,
item
de
Forstallariis
victualibus
●●nalibus
mercatum
obvi●ntibus
per
quod
carior
sit
inde
venditio
,
&
de
non
virtuosis
cibariis
;
of
wine
sold
contrary
to
the
assize
of
Measures
and
Forestallers
of
the
Market
to
make
victualls
dearer
,
and
of
such
as
sold
corrupt
food
or
victuals
.
An.
31
Ed.
1.
it
was
found
by
inquisition
that
Bakers
and
Brewers
,
and
others
buying
their
corn
at
Queen-Hithe
were
to
pay
for
measuring
,
portage
,
and
carriage
for
every
quarter
of
corn
whatsoever
from
thence
to
[
(h)
](A54682-e35160-b)
(h)
Pat.
17
E.
2.
Westcheap
,
St.
Anthonies
Church
,
Horshoo
Bridge
,
to
Wolsey
street
in
the
Parish
of
Alhallowes
the
less
,
and
such
like
distances
,
one
ob
.
q
;
to
Fleetstreet
,
Newgate
,
Cripplegate
,
Birchoners
Lane
,
East-cheap
,
and
Billingsgate
,
one
penny
.
17
Ed.
2.
[
(i)
](A54682-e35290-b)
(i)
Stowes
Survey
of
London
▪
By
command
of
the
King
by
his
Letters
Patents
a
Decree
was
made
by
Hamond
Chicwel
Maior
,
That
none
should
sel
Fish
or
Flesh
out
of
the
Markets
appointed
,
to
wit
,
Bridge-streat
,
East-cheap
,
Old-Fishstreet
,
St.
Michaels
Shambles
,
and
the
Stocks
,
upon
pain
to
forfeit
such
Fish
or
Flesh
as
were
sold
for
the
first
time
,
and
for
the
second
offence
to
lose
their
Freedome
.
And
so
inherent
in
Monarchy
and
the
royall
Praerogative
was
the
power
and
ordering
of
the
Markets
,
and
the
rates
of
provision
of
victuals
,
and
communicable
by
grant
or
allowance
to
the
inferior
Magistrates
as
the
King
,
who
alwayes
reserves
to
himself
the
supreme
power
and
authority
in
case
of
male
administration
of
his
delegated
power
,
or
necessity
for
the
good
and
benefit
of
the
publick
,
is
not
thereby
denuded
or
disabled
to
resort
unto
that
soveraign
and
just
authority
which
was
alwayes
his
own
,
and
Jure
coronae
,
doth
by
right
of
his
Crown
and
Regal
Government
belong
unto
him
,
as
may
appear
by
the
forfeiture
and
seising
of
Liberties
and
Franchises
,
and
many
other
the
like
instances
to
be
found
every
age
.
And
therefore
41
King
E.
3.
without
an
Act
of
Parliament
,
certain
Impositions
were
set
upon
Ships
&
other
Vessels
coming
thither
with
Corn
,
Salt
,
and
other
things
towards
the
charge
of
cleansing
Romeland
.
And
3
Ed.
4.
the
Market
of
Queen
Hithe
,
being
hindred
by
the
slackness
of
drawing
up
London
Bridge
,
it
was
ordered
,
[
(k)
](A54682-e35460-b)
(k)
Stows
Survey
of
London
,
6●2
.
that
all
manner
of
Vessels
,
Ships
or
Boats
,
great
or
small
resorting
to
the
City
with
victuals
should
be
sold
by
retail
,
and
that
if
there
came
but
one
Vessel
at
a
time
,
were
it
Salt
,
Wheat
,
Rye
,
or
other
Corn
from
beyond
the
Seas
,
or
other
Grains
,
Garlick
,
Onions
,
Herrings
,
Sprats
,
Eels
,
Whitings
Place
,
Codds
,
Mackarel
,
&c.
it
should
come
to
Queen-Hithe
and
there
make
sale
;
but
if
two
Vessels
came
,
the
one
should
come
to
Queen-Hithe
,
the
other
to
Billingsgate
;
if
three
,
two
of
them
should
come
to
Queen-Hithe
;
and
if
the
Vessels
coming
with
Salt
from
the
Bay
were
so
great
as
it
could
not
come
to
these
Keyes
,
then
the
same
to
be
conveyed
to
the
Port
by
Lighters
.
Queen
Elizabeth
by
advice
and
order
of
her
Privy
Councell
in
a
time
of
dearth
and
scarcity
of
corn
,
commanded
the
Justices
of
Peace
in
every
County
to
enforce
men
to
bring
their
Corn
to
the
Markets
,
limited
them
what
proportions
to
sell
to
particular
persons
,
and
ordered
them
to
cause
reasonable
prices
,
and
punish
the
Refusers
.
And
the
like
or
more
hath
been
legally
done
by
the
Kings
authority
in
the
Reign
of
King
James
and
King
Charles
the
Martyr
,
in
the
beginning
of
whose
Reign
by
the
advice
of
all
the
Judges
of
England
,
and
the
eminently
learned
Mr.
Noy
the
then
Attorny
Generall
,
rates
and
prices
were
set
by
the
Kings
Edict
,
and
Proclamation
,
upon
Flesh
,
Fish
,
Poultry
,
and
most
sort
of
victuals
,
Hay
,
Oats
,
&c.
commanded
to
be
observed
.
All
which
reasonable
laws
,
constitutions
&
customes
were
made
,
confirm'd
,
&
continued
by
our
Kings
of
England
by
the
advice
sometimes
of
their
lesser
and
at
other
times
of
their
greater
Councels
the
later
whereof
were
in
those
early
dayes
,
composed
of
Bishops
,
Earles
and
Barons
,
and
great
and
wise
men
of
the
Kingdome
,
not
by
the
Commons
or
universall
consent
and
representation
of
the
people
by
their
Knights
of
the
Shires
or
Burgesses
,
sent
as
their
Procurators
ad
faciendum
&
consentiendum
,
to
consent
unto
those
Acts
of
Parliament
which
should
be
made
and
ordained
by
the
King
and
the
Barons
and
Peers
of
England
;
for
they
were
neither
summoned
for
that
purpose
,
nor
represented
in
Parliament
untill
Anno
49
H.
3.
and
in
Anno
26
or
31
Ed.
1.
were
called
thither
only
ad
faciendum
quod
de
communi
consilio
per
Comites
,
Barones
,
&
ceteros
Proceres
,
to
do
those
things
which
by
the
King
and
the
Barons
and
Nobiltiy
)
by
their
Common
Council
should
be
ordained
,
and
the
Procuratores
Cleri
,
Proctors
or
Representers
of
the
Clergy
(
not
Bishops
who
sate
in
Parliament
,
and
were
summoned
unto
it
as
a
third
Estate
,
and
Barons
inter
Proceres
Regni
,
amongst
the
Nobility
of
the
Kingdome
)
ad
consentiendum
,
to
consent
only
to
such
things
as
should
be
ordained
in
Parliament
,
as
hath
been
learnedly
and
accurately
proved
by
examination
of
antient
Records
and
Parliament
Writs
by
[
(l)
](A54682-e35780-b)
(l)
Prynne
second
part
of
a
brief
Register
of
the
forms
of
Parliamentary
Writs
,
22
39.67
.
Mr.
William
Prynne
in
his
second
part
of
a
Register
and
Survey
of
severall
kinds
and
forms
of
Parliament
Writs
.
And
may
well
be
deemed
to
be
no
less
then
Law
and
right
Reason
,
when
as
divers
Acts
of
Parliament
made
by
the
advice
of
the
Lords
Spiritual
&
Temporall
,
and
the
assent
of
the
Commons
summoned
&
called
unto
Parliament
by
the
Kings
Writ
to
consent
only
unto
such
Laws
as
should
be
made
therein
,
with
the
Royal
assent
and
breath
of
life
given
by
the
King
unto
such
Acts
without
which
those
Petitions
and
Bills
which
were
intended
,
and
desired
by
the
people
to
be
Acts
of
Parliament
,
are
but
as
the
matter
,
to
the
form
,
presented
unto
the
King
in
his
great
Councill
and
Parliament
,
and
amount
unto
no
more
in
the
best
of
value
and
constructions
which
can
be
put
upon
them
,
then
Petitions
and
Requests
,
or
as
bodies
without
souls
,
or
pieces
of
Silver
or
Gold
uncoyned
,
having
not
the
power
or
effect
of
money
without
Caesars
Image
and
Superscription
and
the
Royal
Stamp
and
Authority
given
them
,
have
enacted
and
ordained
the
same
or
the
like
cares
and
provisions
,
as
that
without
date
made
in
the
Reign
of
King
H.
3.
or
Ed.
1.
or
Ed.
2.
and
to
be
found
amongst
the
Statutes
of
17
Ed.
2.
if
all
or
some
of
them
were
not
made
by
the
Kings
Royal
Authority
and
power
only
,
that
the
Toll
of
a
Milne
shall
be
taken
according
to
the
custome
of
the
Land
,
strength
of
the
water-course
,
either
to
the
twentieth
or
four
and
twentieth
corn
;
and
the
measure
whereby
the
Toll
must
be
taken
,
was
to
be
agreeable
to
the
Kings
measure
,
and
taken
by
the
rate
and
not
by
the
heap
or
cantell
.
The
Assise
of
[
(m)
](A54682-e35900-b)
(m)
Cap.
6
,
7.
Ale
to
be
according
to
the
price
of
Corn.
[
(n)
](A54682-e35930-b)
(n)
Cap.
8.
Butchers
to
be
punished
which
sell
unwholsome
flesh
:
●ushels
,
Gallons
,
and
Ells
shall
be
kept
by
Mayors
,
Bayliffs
,
&c.
signed
with
the
Kings
Seal
,
and
he
that
buyeth
or
selleth
with
any
other
shall
be
amerced
.
No
[
(o)
](A54682-e35970-b)
(o)
●ap
9.
grain
shall
be
sold
by
the
Heap
or
Cantell
but
Oats
,
Malt
,
and
Meal
.
Wines
by
the
Act
of
Parliament
of
[
(p)
](A54682-e36000-b)
(p)
4
E.
3
cap
1●
.
4
Ed.
3.
shall
be
assaied
twice
a
year
,
and
be
sold
at
reasonable
prices
,
and
a
Cry
(
or
Proclamation
)
made
that
none
should
be
so
hardy
as
to
sell
wines
but
at
a
reasonable
price
,
regarding
the
price
that
is
at
the
Ports
from
whence
the
Wines
came
,
and
the
expences
,
as
in
carriage
of
the
same
from
the
Ports
to
the
places
where
they
be
sold.
No
[
(q)
](A54682-e36060-b)
(q)
5
E.
3.
ca.
●
man
may
sell
Ware
at
a
Fair
after
i●
is
ended
.
Victuals
[
(r)
](A54682-e36100-b)
(r)
23
E.
3.
cap.
6.
shal●
be
sold
at
reasonable
prices
;
and
Butchers
Fishmongers
,
Regrators
,
Hostelers
,
Brewers
,
Bakers
,
Poulters
,
and
all
other
sellers
of
all
manner
of
victuals
shall
be
bound
to
sell
the
same
victuall
for
a
reasonable
price
,
having
respect
to
the
price
,
that
such
victuals
be
sold
at
in
the
places
adjoyning
;
so
that
the
said
Sellers
have
moderate
gains
,
and
not
excessive
,
reasonably
to
be
required
according
to
the
distance
of
the
place
from
whence
the
said
victuals
be
carried
.
None
[
(t)
](A54682-e36160-b)
(t)
25
E.
3.
cap.
3.
shall
Forestall
Wines
and
Victuals
,
Wares
and
Merchandizes
coming
to
the
good
Towns
of
England
by
land
or
by
water
to
be
sold.
Auncel
weight
shall
be
put
out
,
&
weighing
shall
be
by
equall
ballances
,
every
measure
shall
be
according
to
the
Kings
Standard
,
and
be
striked
without
heap
.
It
shall
be
[
(u)
](A54682-e36230-b)
(u)
31
E.
3.
cap.
2.
Ibidem
ca.
5.
Felony
to
forestall
or
ingross
Gascoine
wine
:
Red
and
white
wine
shall
be
gauged
;
Ballances
and
Weights
shall
be
sent
to
all
the
Sheriffs
of
England
,
and
all
persons
are
to
make
their
Weights
and
Ballances
by
them
.
And
[
(x)
](A54682-e36290-b)
(x)
31
E.
3.
cap
10.
in
anno
31
Ed.
3.
because
saith
the
Statute
the
Fishers
,
Butchers
,
Poulters
,
and
other
sellers
of
Victualls
in
the
City
of
London
,
by
colour
of
some
Charters
,
and
by
evil
intepretation
of
Statutes
made
in
advantage
of
the
people
,
that
every
man
may
freely
sell
victuals
without
disturbance
,
and
that
no
Maior
,
Bailiffe
,
or
other
Minister
ought
to
meddle
with
the
sale
.
It
was
accorded
&
assented
,
That
every
man
that
bringeth
victuals
,
whatsoever
they
be
,
to
the
City
by
land
or
by
water
,
may
freely
sell
the
same
to
whom
shall
please
him
without
being
interrupted
or
impeached
by
Fisher
,
Butcher
,
Poulter
,
or
any
other
,
and
that
the
Maior
and
Aldermen
of
the
said
City
may
rule
and
redress
the
defaults
of
Fishers
,
Butchers
,
and
Poulters
,
as
they
doe
of
those
which
sell
Bread
,
Ale
or
Wine
.
In
the
same
year
upon
the
complaint
[
(y)
](A54682-e36370-b)
(y)
Statute
of
Herring●
.
31
Ed.
3.
ca.
2.
of
the
Commons
that
the
people
of
great
Yarmouth
did
encounter
the
Fishers
bringing
Herrings
to
the
said
Town
in
the
time
of
the
Fair
,
and
buy
and
forestall
the
Herrings
before
they
come
to
the
Town
:
And
also
the
Hostlers
of
the
same
Town
which
lodge
the
Fishers
coming
thither
with
Herrings
,
would
not
suffer
the
said
Fishers
to
sell
their
Herrings
,
nor
meddle
with
the
sale
thereof
,
but
sell
them
at
their
own
will
as
dear
as
they
will
,
and
give
to
the
Fishers
what
pleaseth
them
;
whereby
the
Fishers
did
withdraw
themselves
from
coming
thither
.
It
was
enacted
that
Herrings
should
not
be
bought
or
sold
upon
the
sea
.
That
Fishers
be
free
to
sell
their
Herrings
without
disturbance
of
the
Hostelers
,
that
when
the
Fishers
will
sel
their
Merchandises
in
the
Port
they
shall
have
their
Hostelers
with
them
,
if
there
they
will
be
,
and
in
their
presence
openly
sell
their
Merchandises
;
and
that
every
man
claim
his
part
for
the
taking
after
the
rate
for
the
same
Merchandises
so
sold.
That
no
Hosteler
or
other
buy
any
for
to
hang
in
their
houses
by
Covin
,
nor
in
other
manner
at
a
higher
price
the
last
then
forty
shillings
,
but
less
in
as
much
as
he
may
.
That
no
Hosteler
nor
any
of
their
Servants
,
nor
any
other
shall
by
land
or
Sea
forestall
the
said
Herrings
.
No
vessel
called
Piker
of
London
,
nor
of
no
other
place
shall
enter
into
the
said
Haven
to
abate
the
Fair
in
damage
of
the
people
.
That
all
the
Hostelers
be
sworn
before
the
Wardens
of
the
Fair
,
and
enjoyned
upon
a
great
forfeiture
to
the
King
to
receive
their
Guests
well
and
conveniently
,
and
to
aid
and
ease
them
,
reasonably
taking
of
every
Last
that
shall
be
sold
to
other
Merchants
then
the
said
Hostelers
40
d.
That
of
Herrings
sold
to
the
same
Hostelers
to
take
in
their
houses
,
the
same
Hostelers
shall
take
nothing
,
and
that
because
of
the
profits
which
they
shall
have
of
victuals
sold
to
their
said
Guests
,
and
of
the
advantage
which
they
have
more
then
other
of
carriage
of
Herrings
so
by
them
bought
and
hanging
in
their
houses
,
and
for
the
advantage
of
40
d.
the
Last
,
take
upon
them
for
the
payment
of
all
the
Herrings
that
shall
be
sold
by
their
assent
to
any
persons
,
and
the
hundred
of
Herring
shall
be
accompted
by
sixscore
,
and
the
Last
by
ten
thousand
.
That
the
people
of
London
at
such
Fair
shall
bring
the
Last
from
Yarmouth
to
London
for
one
Mark
of
gain
,
and
not
above
,
That
the
Fishers
be
compelled
to
bring
the
remnant
of
their
Herrings
not
sold
in
the
Road
of
Kirkley
to
the
Fair
to
sell
them
;
so
that
none
sell
Herring
in
any
place
about
the
haven
of
Yarmouth
by
seven
miles
,
except
in
three
Towns
of
Yarmouth
,
that
is
to
say
,
Easton
,
Weston
,
and
Southton
,
unless
it
be
Herrings
of
their
own
Fishing
.
The
[
(z)
](A54682-e36570-b)
(z)
Ibid
ca.
3.
Chancellor
or
Treasurer
taking
to
them
Justices
and
other
the
Kings
Council
,
shall
have
power
to
ordain
remedy
touching
the
buying
and
selling
of
Stock-fish
of
Saint
Botolph
,
and
Salmon
of
Barwick
,
and
of
Wines
and
Fish
of
Brist●ute
and
else-where
,
to
the
intent
the
King
and
his
People
may
better
be
served
,
and
have
better
Markets
then
they
have
had
before
this
time
;
and
that
the
Ordinances
by
them
made
in
this
party
be
firmly
holden
.
Doggers
and
Landships
of
Blackney
Haven
shall
discharge
their
Fish
there
,
[
(a)
](A54682-e36660-b)
(a)
Ibid.
ca.
1.
&
2.
the
price
of
Dogger-fish
and
Loichfish
,
that
is
to
say
,
Lob
,
Ling
and
Cod
,
shall
be
assessed
by
the
Advice
of
the
Merchants
and
Rulers
comming
to
the
Fair
of
Blackney
,
and
of
the
owners
of
the
ships
before
any
sale
be
made
,
which
shall
be
holden
during
the
Fair
;
Every
man
shall
buy
Herrings
openly
,
and
not
privily
at
such
price
as
may
be
agreed
betwixt
him
and
the
seller
.
And
[
(b)
](A54682-e36710-b)
(b)
36
E.
3.
Ordinance
of
Petri●g
.
no
man
shall
enter
into
bargain
upon
the
buying
of
the
same
,
till
he
that
first
cometh
to
bargain
shall
have
an
end
of
his
bargain
greable
to
the
seller
,
[
(c)
](A54682-e36740-b)
(c)
42
E
3.
c.
7.
and
that
none
increase
upon
other
during
the
first
bargain
.
Londoners
[
(d)
](A54682-e36800-b)
(d)
6
R.
2.
ca
7.
and
other
shall
sell
victualls
by
retail
:
Sweet
wines
may
be
sold
by
retail
at
the
price
of
Gascoyne
wines
:
Victuallers
shall
have
but
reasonable
gains
according
to
the
discretion
of
the
Justices
of
Peace
:
there
shall
be
but
eight
Bushels
striked
to
the
Quarter
;
the
severall
[
(e)
](A54682-e36840-b)
(e)
13
R.
2.
c.
8.15
R.
2.
ca.
4.2
H.
6.
ca
11.18
H.
6.
ca.
8.
measures
of
vessels
of
wine
,
Eels
,
Herrings
and
Salmons
,
[
(f)
](A54682-e36940-b)
(f)
12
E.
4.
c
8.
and
vessels
of
Oil
and
Honey
to
be
gauged
.
12
E.
4.
ca.
8.
Divers
Patents
being
granted
under
the
great
Seal
of
England
to
divers
persons
to
be
Surveyors
and
Correctors
of
beer
,
ale
,
wine
and
victuals
within
divers
Cities
,
Boroughs
and
Towns
,
it
was
ordained
,
That
they
should
be
void
,
and
that
the
Mayors
,
Bayliffs
,
and
chief
Governours
of
Cities
,
Boroughs
and
Towns
Corporate
shall
be
the
only
Searchers
and
Surveyors
of
victualls
;
for
that
every
City
,
Borough
,
and
Town
of
substance
in
England
for
the
most
part
have
Court
Lee●s
and
views
of
Frank-pledge
holden
yearly
within
the
same
Cities
,
Boroughs
and
Towns
,
surveying
of
all
victualls
therein
,
and
correction
and
punishment
of
the
offenders
,
and
breakers
of
the
Assise
of
the
same
which
ought
not
to
be
c●ntraried
.
Ordinances
made
by
[
(g)
](A54682-e37060-b)
(g)
22
E.
4.
c.
2.
Guilds
,
Fraternities
,
and
Companies
of
Trade
shall
be
examined
and
approved
by
the
Chancellor
,
Treasurer
of
England
,
or
Chief
Justices
of
either
Benches
,
or
three
of
them
,
or
by
Justices
of
Assise
in
their
Circuits
,
to
prevent
and
hinder
unlawfull
Ordinances
as
well
in
prises
of
wares
as
in
other
things
to
the
Common
hurt
and
damage
of
the
people
.
When
any
victualler
is
chosen
Officer
in
any
City
(
except
[
(h)
](A54682-e37110-b)
(h)
3
H.
8.
c
8.
London
,
York
,
and
Coventry
)
Borough
or
Town
Corporate
,
which
by
virtue
of
his
Office
should
have
the
Assising
and
Correction
for
selling
of
victualls
,
that
then
two
discreet
and
honest
persons
neither
of
them
being
Victuallers
,
shall
during
that
time
be
sworn
truely
to
sess
and
set
the
price
of
victuals
;
such
as
sell
false
and
mixt
Oils
to
be
searched
and
punished
,
and
such
as
destroy
wild
●oul
,
whereby
formerly
the
Kings
most
honourable
Houshold
[
(i)
](A54682-e37170-b)
(i)
Ibid.
ca.
14.25
H.
8.
ca.
11.
and
the
houses
of
Noblem●n
&
Prelates
were
furnished
at
convenient
prices
to
be
punished
.
Upon
complaint
made
for
enhauncing
of
prices
of
victuals
[
(k)
](A54682-e37230-b)
(k)
24
H.
8.
ca.
3.
&
4.25
H
8
ca.
2.
the
prices
thereof
shall
be
assessed
by
the
Kings
Councellors
and
Officers
,
and
they
which
have
victuals
to
sell
shall
sell
them
at
the
same
prises
.
The
[
(l)
](A54682-e37320-b)
(l)
28
H.
8.14.37
H.
8.23.5
E.
6.17
.
Prises
of
the
But
,
Tun
,
Pipe
,
Hogshead
,
&c.
of
all
kinds
of
wines
when
it
shall
be
sold
in
gross
,
shall
be
set
by
certain
of
the
Kings
great
Officers
.
Whosoever
shall
buy
or
sell
any
[
(m)
](A54682-e37380-b)
(m)
32
H.
8.
ca.
8
Ibidem
ca
14.
F●sant
or
Partridge
saving
the
Officers
of
the
Kings
,
Queens
,
or
Princes
houses
shall
forfeit
for
every
Fesant
six
shillings
eight
pence
,
and
for
every
Partridge
three
shillings
four
pence
to
the
King
.
Conspiracies
[
(n)
](A54682-e37450-b)
(n)
37
H.
8
23.
made
by
Victuallers
touching
selling
of
victuals
shall
be
grievously
punished
.
Taverns
[
(o)
](A54682-e37490-b)
(o)
Ibidem
.
may
be
appointed
in
every
City
,
Borough
or
Town
Corporate
to
sell
wine
by
Retail
.
None
[
(p)
](A54682-e37530-b)
(p)
Ibidem
.
shall
retail
wines
but
in
Cities
,
Market
Towns
,
&c.
Vintners
[
(q)
](A54682-e37580-b)
(q)
Ibidem
.
which
sell
by
Ret●il
in
Towns
Corporate
shall
be
assigned
by
the
head
Officers
thereof
,
and
in
other
Towns
by
the
Justices
of
Peace
.
And
[
(r)
](A54682-e37620-b)
(r)
2
&
3
E.
6.
ca.
3.
2
&
3
Ed.
6.
by
a
temporary
Act
expired
with
the
time
therein
limitted
,
which
may
shew
the
minds
and
intents
of
the
makers
,
and
what
was
then
thought
convenient
for
that
small
part
of
time
,
and
being
probably
only
done
upon
some
grounds
or
reasons
of
State
for
the
present
,
or
in
ease
of
the
people
,
or
some
popular
designe
of
the
then
ruling
Lord
Protector
,
was
not
then
,
nor
at
any
time
after
thought
fit
to
continue
any
longer
,
it
was
ordained
,
That
no
Pourveyor
or
other
person
by
authority
of
any
Commission
or
other
Warrant
shall
during
three
years
(
then
)
next
ensuing
pourvey
,
or
take
for
the
provision
of
the
Kings
Houshold
,
his
Sisters
,
or
any
others
,
any
Corn
,
Beeves
,
Muttons
,
&c.
Wood
,
Coal
,
Straw
,
Hay
,
or
any
kind
of
Victuals
without
the
full
consent
of
the
owner
,
and
at
such
price
for
ready
money
as
the
owner
or
Pourveyor
can
agree
;
nor
shall
take
for
any
of
the
Kings
Affairs
,
or
the
Warres
or
otherwise
any
Goods
,
Chattels
,
or
other
things
whatsoever
(
saving
Barges
,
Ships
,
Carts
,
and
things
necessary
)
without
the
consent
of
the
owners
,
and
at
such
prises
for
ready
money
as
the
owner
&
Pourvey●rs
can
agree
(
except
Post-horses
for
which
shall
be
paid
a
penny
a
mile
)
and
the
King
will
allow
to
the
owner
of
every
Cart
taken
for
his
houshold
four
pence
a
mile
,
and
for
the
Warres
and
other
Carriages
three
pence
a
mile
.
The
[
(s)
](A54682-e37730-b)
(s)
3
&
4
E.
6.
ca.
1●
.
Lord
Chancellor
of
England
,
Lord
Treasurer
,
Lord
President
of
the
Kings
Councel
,
Lord
Privy
Seal
,
and
the
two
Chief
Justices
,
or
any
five
,
four
,
or
three
of
them
are
authorised
to
set
prises
of
wine
,
and
none
to
sell
either
in
gross
or
by
retail
above
those
prises
▪
No
[
(t)
](A54682-e37850-b)
(t)
5
&
6
E.
6.
c.
14.
Cattel
shall
be
bought
but
in
open
Fair
or
Market
but
by
a
Butcher
,
provisions
of
houshold
Butter
or
Cheese
,
shall
not
be
bought
to
be
sold
again
,
except
it
be
by
retail
in
open
Shop
,
Fair
,
or
Market
.
[
(u)
](A54682-e37900-b)
(u)
5
Eliz.
ca
▪
12
Forestallers
and
Regrators
shall
be
punished
,
Badgers
and
Drovers
licensed
by
three
Justices
of
the
Peace
of
the
County
,
and
enter
into
Recognizances
not
to
forestall
or
ingross
,
provided
that
all
Cities
and
Towns
Corporate
may
assigne
and
licence
Pourveyors
for
their
provisions
.
Which
power
of
regulating
weights
and
measures
,
and
reduction
of
victuals
to
reasonable
prices
and
rates
was
no
stranger
in
Ireland
,
whither
many
if
not
all
of
our
then
Laws
were
transmitted
by
King
John
,
by
exemplification
unde●
his
great
Seal
of
England
,
and
all
our
Laws
reasonable
Customes
and
Acts
of
Parliament
both
before
and
afterwards
were
by
Act
of
Parliament
called
Poynings
Act
or
Law
,
allowed
and
enacted
to
be
Laws
in
that
Kingdome
in
the
Reign
of
our
King
Henry
the
seventh
.
Nor
in
Scotland
where
the
assises
of
weights
and
measures
were
ordained
by
King
James
the
first
in
Parliament
in
Anno
Domini
1426.
And
it
was
also
ordained
by
[
(x)
](A54682-e38030-b)
(x)
6.
Parliament
James
the
second
&
Reg.
Majest
.
King
James
the
second
in
Parliament
,
that
Schireffes
,
Bayllies
and
uther
officiars
baith
to
burgh
and
to
land
take
and
inquire
at
ilk
Court
,
that
they
haldquhat
persons
within
their
boundes
by
is
victuall
and
haldis
it
till
a
dearth
▪
and
punish
them
which
sall
be
found
to
offend
therein
,
and
besides
their
uther
punishment
the
victuall
that
they
have
be
escheated
to
the
King
.
All
which
may
declare
and
give
us
to
understand
how
unreasonable
it
would
be
that
the
King
,
who
by
his
Oath
and
Kingly
Office
is
to
keep
all
his
people
from
oppression
,
which
being
one
of
the
great
sins
of
Sodom
,
as
the
Prophet
[
(y)
](A54682-e38100-b)
(y)
Ezekiel
16.49
.
Ezekiel
tells
us
in
that
she
strengthened
not
the
hand
of
the
poor
and
needy
,
caused
God
to
say
he
would
come
down
nd
see
the
oppressions
of
his
people
should
take
no
order
to
preserve
himself
from
the
more
then
formerly
deceipts
of
his
own
people
,
and
their
enhaunce
of
prises
.
King
Edward
the
second
therefore
,
and
his
Councell
after
that
the
Commons
of
England
had
in
the
[
(z)
](A54682-e38160-b)
(z)
Claus.
3
E.
2.
●
.
2.
in
d●●s
.
second
year
of
his
Reign
granted
him
in
Parliament
an
aid
of
the
five
and
twentieth
part
of
their
goods
upon
condition
that
he
would
answer
and
redress
their
grievances
,
which
they
in
eleven
Articles
had
then
presented
unto
him
,
in
some
of
which
they
complained
that
their
Corn
,
Victuals
,
Poultrie
,
and
Fish
as
well
fresh
as
salt
were
taken
by
those
which
called
themselves
the
Kings
M●nisters
,
and
paid
nothing
for
it
,
nor
gave
them
any
manner
of
satisfaction
,
by
which
they
were
greatly
impoverished
:
And
he
had
answered
,
that
there
was
an
Ordinance
made
of
those
prises
in
the
time
of
his
Father
King
Edward
,
which
was
for
the
good
of
the
King
and
his
people
:
and
willed
that
it
should
be
kept
and
observed
in
all
parts
,
did
in
the
fifteenth
year
of
his
Reign
upon
occasion
of
his
being
at
Cirencester
in
the
County
of
Gloucester
with
divers
of
the
Nobility
and
great
men
of
the
Kingdome
,
not
think
it
to
be
any
violation
of
the
Laws
formerly
made
for
the
regulation
of
Pourveyance
to
command
and
ordain
by
his
Letters
Pa●ents
directed
to
the
Sheriffs
of
Gloucester
,
Worcester
,
and
Wiltshire
in
the
words
following
,
viz.
Rex
.
vic.
&
al.
ministris
de
Com.
Glouc.
Wigorn.
&
Wilts.
salutem
cum
sumus
in
partibus
Cirencestr
.
cum
pluribus
magnatibus
pro
negotiis
,
&c.
&
pro
nostra
&
ipsorum
[
(a)
](A54682-e38340-b)
(a)
pat.
15
E
2.
m.
5.
sustentatione
plura
victualia
oportet
providere
,
&
plures
frumentum
hab●ntes
ea
penes
se
retinent
,
non
curantes
illa
vendic
.
exp●nere
nisi
excessiva
Caristia
nos
volentes
sustentac
.
●orum
providere
prout
decet
▪
assignavimuus
Johan
.
Hampton
&
al.
ad
supervidendum
blada
in
Com.
praedict.
&
ad
emend
.
ubi
blada
invenerint
pro
pretio
rationabili
jam
currente
de
quo
ipsi
respondeant
illa
quo
pretio
empt●●runt
&
ad
liberand
.
pistoribus
&
braciatoribus
furnend
.
braciand
.
&
vend.
dictis
magnatibus
,
&c.
that
a
reasonable
price
should
according
to
the
ordinary
Market
rate
beset
upon
Corn.
No●●ere
the
Writs
or
Commissions
de
providentiis
pro
Rege
faciendis
,
to
buy
and
make
provisions
for
the
Kings
houshold
in
[
(b)
](A54682-e38420-b)
(b)
Pat.
7
E
2.
part.
1.
m
2●
.
Claus.
37
E.
3.
part.
1.
m.
26.
Pat.
1.
part.
3
R.
2
m.
●9
.
Pat.
1
H
4
part
▪
m.
8.
7
E.
2.
37
E.
3.
3
R.
2.
1
H.
4.
and
other
Kings
Reigns
directed
to
the
Sheriffs
of
several
Counties
,
to
whose
oaths
and
Offices
it
belonged
by
the
just
and
antient
Laws
and
Customes
of
England
,
to
cause
men
to
sell
victuals
and
necessary
provisions
at
reasonable
rates
and
prices
,
or
Writs
sent
to
the
Sheriffes
to
make
provisions
for
some
of
the
Kings
of
Scotland
and
their
Trains
in
their
passage
as
they
came
to
London
to
do
their
homage
unto
some
of
our
Kings
,
esteemed
to
be
any
breach
of
the
peoples
Liberties
.
Neither
did
Queen
Elizabeth
that
delight
and
love
of
her
people
,
enriching
as
well
as
easing
and
filling
them
with
peace
and
plenty
;
who
was
never
of
the
opinion
of
Oliver
Cromwel
,
that
grand
Master
of
Iniquity
(
who
as
carefull
as
he
would
seem
to
be
of
the
peoples
ease
and
liberties
in
his
afterwards
counterfeit
kindness
of
taking
away
the
Royal
Pourveyance
)
could
when
he
was
Lievtenant
Generall
of
an
Army
of
a
distempered
and
disobedient
part
of
the
Parliament
,
being
moved
by
a
Gentleman
of
Bedfordshire
for
some
ease
of
their
great
Assessements
and
Burdens
,
answere
,
that
he
could
never
believe
that
the
Country-men
were
poor
or
not
able
to
bear
them
as
long
as
they
could
whistle
at
the
Plow
and
Cart
)
but
so
contented
them
in
her
happy
Government
,
as
the
20.
day
of
November
,
the
beginning
of
her
Reign
,
is
yet
,
though
above
one
hundred
years
agoe
,
gratefully
remembred
with
the
ringing
of
Bells
in
many
of
the
Churches
of
England
,
conceive
or
understand
it
to
be
any
grievance
to
the
people
for
the
Soveraign
or
Lex
viva
,
the
maker
,
Protector
,
and
Preserver
of
many
of
those
good
Laws
which
they
enjoyed
,
to
ordain
and
publish
by
the
advice
of
her
Privy
Councel
,
who
by
the
happy
and
sage
conduct
of
all
her
affairs
,
were
well
known
by
the
effects
as
well
as
the
causes
,
the
Mediums
as
well
as
the
success
,
to
be
as
wise
and
prudent
a
Councel
as
any
Prince
of
Christendome
had
to
attend
them
.
That
the
Clerk
of
the
Market
in
avoiding
of
the
danger
of
the
loss
of
his
Office
and
further
punishment
at
her
pleasure
,
should
duly
and
substantially
put
in
execution
all
such
things
as
to
his
charge
appertaineth
,
as
well
for
vittails
to
be
had
seasonable
▪
good
,
and
wholsome
in
the
Towns
and
places
near
unto
the
Court
,
as
for
the
just
observing
of
Weights
and
Measures
assigned
and
assessed
;
and
likewise
for
setling
of
convenient
and
reasonable
prises
as
well
upon
Meat
and
Drink
,
Horse-meat
,
Lodging
,
Bedding
,
and
other
things
in
such
cases
accustomed
,
so
as
the
Noblemen
attending
in
the
Court
,
and
all
Suitors
&
others
following
the
same
,
be
not
compelled
in
default
of
the
said
Clerk
to
be
put
unto
excessive
charges
for
their
expences
,
but
such
indifferency
to
be
used
therein
as
the
plenty
or
sterility
considered
should
accord
with
equity
:
And
straightly
charged
,
that
no
person
of
what
estate
or
degree
soever
should
in
any
wise
pay
m●re
for
Vittail
,
Horsemeat
,
Lodging
,
or
otherways
then
after
the
prises
that
should
be
assessed
by
the
said
Clerk
of
the
Market
,
in
avoiding
her
Highness
displeasure
,
and
further
punishment
at
her
Graces
pleasure
.
Which
as
to
the
enforcing
of
reasonable
rates
and
p●ises
for
victuals
and
houshold
provisions
,
was
no
more
then
that
which
all
Maiors
and
Bailiffs
of
Cities
,
Boroughs
,
Merchant
Towns
and
others
,
and
of
the
Ports
of
the
Sea
,
and
other
places
,
are
by
the
Statute
of
[
(c)
](A54682-e38790-b)
(c)
23
E.
3.
c.
6.
Lambard
〈◊〉
4●3
,
448.
23
Ed.
3.
cap.
6.
authorised
to
doe
,
and
is
to
be
given
in
charge
and
inquired
of
by
the
Justices
of
Peace
of
every
County
at
their
Quarter
Sessions
.
For
if
by
the
rules
of
Reason
,
Policie
,
and
Prudence
,
it
was
alwayes
adjudged
to
be
necessary
and
profitable
for
the
people
in
general
that
the
King
or
Prince
should
restrain
them
from
deceiving
or
oppressing
one
another
,
or
not
permit
the
cunning
,
false
,
or
richer
part
of
the
people
to
deceive
and
put
what
rates
or
prises
they
please
,
or
can
heighten
and
invent
upon
the
plain
dealing
honest
simple
hearted
,
poor
and
necessitous
part
of
them
,
but
should
rather
resist
the
Nimrods
&
Tormentors
of
them
,
and
by
putting
them
into
some
method
of
righteousness
,
imitate
the
care
and
designs
of
the
Almighty
,
to
succour
,
relieve
,
and
help
the
poor
and
needy
.
And
that
it
can
never
be
for
the
good
of
the
Nation
so
to
encourage
the
evils
and
deceitfulnes
of
mens
hearts
one
towards
another
,
as
to
suffer
every
one
to
hatch
or
spawn
as
many
cheating
and
cozening
tricks
,
perjuries
,
deceipts
and
false
or
aequivocal
oathes
as
they
can
possibly
,
or
under
a
counterfeit
shew
of
godliness
,
make
contrive
and
invent
to
blind
,
deceive
,
delude
or
oppress
one
another
;
or
to
be
like
Cut-purses
,
Jews
,
Bandities
,
Wild
Arabs
,
or
crafty
deceitfull
Bannyans
,
to
the
well-doing
as
well
as
well-meaning
,
little
part
of
the
people
,
or
like
Rooks
cawing
,
wrangling
,
and
making
a
noyse
in
the
trees
,
make
it
their
perpetual
business
when
they
are
not
asleep
to
steal
and
filch
away
one
anothers
Nests
and
provisions
,
and
being
guilty
of
as
bad
themselves
,
to
be
in
a
perpetuall
watch
of
keeping
as
well
as
they
can
their
own
,
whilest
they
are
busie
in
stealing
from
others
,
or
to
make
old
England
to
be
a
Country
of
Rooks
and
Jackdaws
.
It
cannot
be
certainly
adaequate
to
any
rule
of
Justice
,
that
the
King
who
is
to
make
it
his
daily
care
to
provide
peace
plenty
,
and
benefits
,
for
all
his
Subjects
,
regulates
by
his
Magistrates
and
Officers
rates
and
prices
of
victuals
at
Markets
and
Fairs
,
moderates
and
abates
such
as
are
excessive
and
unreasonable
,
[
(d)
](A54682-e39000-b)
(d)
Book
of
Entries
49
●
.
Hill.
2
H.
7.
●ol.
11
pl.
11.
and
by
Law
may
seize
,
as
forfeit
,
the
Court
Leets
of
Lords
of
Manors
,
for
not
providing
Pillories
to
punish
offending
Bakers
;
and
ordaineth
by
his
Laws
,
that
every
Lord
or
other
having
the
priviledge
of
a
Market
shall
forfeit
it
,
if
he
have
not
a
Clerk
of
the
Market
to
look
unto
it
,
should
provide
blessings
for
every
one
but
himself
,
and
partake
of
none
or
very
little
of
them
,
and
that
his
Subjects
should
not
be
at
liberty
to
cozen
and
oppress
one
another
,
and
yet
every
man
should
be
at
liberty
and
make
it
his
designe
and
business
to
cozen
and
lay
burdens
upon
him
,
which
would
be
as
little
for
the
good
of
the
body
politick
as
it
would
be
in
the
body
natural
,
to
wear
the
head
downward
;
and
make
it
to
be
subservient
to
the
business
and
humor
of
the
ignoble
,
and
less
to
be
taken
care
of
parts
of
the
body
.
Or
to
give
liberty
not
only
in
a
Siege
or
publick
necessity
,
like
that
of
Samaria
,
but
at
all
other
times
,
unto
as
many
as
will
like
the
gain
or
content
of
it
to
be
as
Bears
and
Wolves
one
to
another
,
and
by
hardening
of
their
hearts
,
and
oppressing
one
another
,
make
a
Wilderness
and
Desert
in
our
Land
of
Canaan
,
which
if
well
ordered
flows
with
more
then
milk
and
honey
,
and
by
reason
of
an
universall
pride
,
ingrossing
,
enhauncing
and
cheating
to
maintain
it
,
cause
a
dearth
when
there
may
be
a
plenty
.
And
reducing
him
thereby
into
the
condition
of
the
[
(e)
](A54682-e39130-b)
(e)
2
Reg.
c●
6.
King
of
Israel
in
that
Siege
,
when
an
Asses
head
was
sold
for
fourscore
pieces
of
silver
,
and
the
fourth
part
of
a
kab
of
Doves
dung
for
five
pieces
of
silver
,
enforce
him
to
answer
as
he
did
the
woman
which
cryed
unto
him
,
Help
my
Lord
O
King
if
the
Lord
doe
not
help
thee
,
whence
shall
I
help
thee
out
of
the
Barn
floor
,
or
out
of
the
Wine-presse
.
Or
that
the
King
when
he
shall
(
as
the
[
(f)
](A54682-e39180-b)
(f)
1
Reg.
18.
King
of
Israel
did
)
in
an
unseasonable
and
dry
year
,
search
the
Land
for
grass
to
save
the
peoples
horses
,
mules
,
and
beasts
alive
,
should
let
his
own
not
pertake
of
his
cares
,
but
perish
,
&
whilst
he
mittigates
unjust
and
unconscionable
rates
and
prices
in
the
Markets
,
bē
himself
exposed
to
all
manner
of
unconscionable
and
deceitfull
dealings
.
Which
his
just
and
alwaies
until
now
allowed
right
of
Praeemption
,
which
heretofore
made
the
Kings
provision
for
his
houshold
when
it
was
bought
in
the
Markets
or
Fairs
to
be
much
cheaper
then
what
were
bought
upon
the
vie
,
or
endeavours
who
should
give
most
to
purchase
it
at
such
unreasonable
prices
as
the
Sellers
could
strain
or
scrue
them
unto
.
And
the
Commissions
not
seldome
made
by
his
Royal
Progenitors
to
the
Sheriffs
and
other
Officers
and
Magistrates
,
which
had
the
delegated
power
of
Assise
and
Correction
of
Markets
and
unreasonable
prices
,
and
the
rating
of
them
to
make
his
houshold
provisions
;
and
where
the
Pourveyors
and
the
owners
could
not
otherwise
agree
,
were
to
be
rated
and
ascertained
,
as
some
Acts
of
Parliament
and
Statutes
have
appointed
,
by
Constables
and
some
honest
men
of
their
Neighbourhood
upon
their
oaths
,
(
which
cannot
be
supposed
to
make
,
or
admit
them
to
be
high
or
immoderate
)
together
with
a
due
regulation
of
the
Markets
by
the
Clerks
of
the
Markets
;
and
that
care
with
the
Law
enjoyneth
the
Lords
of
Manors
in
their
Court
Leets
,
the
Sheriffs
in
their
Tornes
,
the
Justices
of
Peace
of
every
Countie
,
and
the
Magistrates
of
every
City
and
Towns
Corporate
,
to
take
in
the
supressing
of
unreasonable
prices
,
Forestallers
,
Ingrossers
,
and
Regrators
,
which
are
no
small
part
of
the
causes
of
them
,
would
have
prevented
or
greatly
lessened
:
And
the
Markets
would
not
have
risen
to
that
excess
of
price
which
is
now
heavily
complained
of
,
and
every
where
to
be
met
with
,
by
the
sleepiness
or
sluggishness
of
Magistrates
and
Justices
of
the
Peace
neglect
of
their
oathes
and
duties
,
which
are
too
often
and
easily
obliterated
or
put
out
of
memory
,
by
sprinkling
or
dipping
them
in
the
waters
of
some
Lethe
or
Oblivion
,
or
by
some
unrighteous
or
unbecoming
partialties
,
connivance
and
kindness
to
their
Neighbours
and
friends
,
or
such
as
they
would
make
to
be
their
friends
,
a
timerousness
or
unwillingness
to
displease
or
irritate
such
as
are
or
may
be
their
enemies
,
or
the
allurements
and
temptation
of
their
own
Interests
,
in
letting
their
Lands
at
the
rack
,
or
very
much
dearer
then
it
was
when
the
Kings
price
or
compositions
were
agreed
upon
;
and
by
tentering
the
Tenants
Rents
,
enforce
them
in
requital
thereof
and
care
of
themselues
,
to
stretch
as
much
or
more
the
prices
of
their
Cattel
and
Commodities
,
because
their
Landlords
were
insatiable
,
and
did
never
think
their
Rents
high
enough
raised
,
as
long
as
they
could
find
any
pretences
to
raise
them
higher
,
or
any
one
to
give
them
the
utmost
penny
,
when
they
should
not
be
able
to
pay
their
Rents
,
maintain
their
wives
and
children
,
and
have
some
little
comfort
or
incouragement
by
their
honest
labours
unless
they
should
as
much
as
they
could
make
every
thing
as
dear
as
they
could
,
and
imitate
or
exceed
them
.
All
which
combining
and
strongly
confederating
together
his
mersere
malis
,
have
brought
many
an
evil
upon
the
Kingdome
,
made
our
Atlas
burthen
much
the
heavier
,
the
poorer
sort
of
the
people
to
be
greatly
impoverished
and
devoured
like
sheep
,
and
the
landed
and
richer
part
,
like
the
Israelites
with
Quails
in
their
mouths
,
murmurring
in
the
midst
of
their
peace
and
plenty
,
and
thinking
that
to
be
thanks
enough
for
them
and
all
their
Mannah
.
And
like
those
which
distempering
their
bodies
,
and
breeding
and
causing
their
own
diseases
,
are
unwilling
to
acknowledge
themselves
to
be
the
Authors
of
what
they
complain
of
,
but
would
willingly
make
the
aire
and
heavenly
influences
to
be
in
the
fault
;
and
when
they
make
the
high
wayes
the
fowler
by
their
own
travailing
and
riding
in
them
,
and
the
worse
for
the
next
that
shall
come
after
them
,
will
lament
the
deepness
or
foulness
of
them
.
Or
as
Landlords
which
can
grievously
complain
and
wonder
at
the
high
rates
of
Flesh
,
Fish
,
Corn
,
Butter
Cheese
,
and
other
houshold
provisions
at
the
Markets
,
when
the
enhauncing
of
their
own
pride
,
extravagancies
,
and
profit
to
maintain
them
,
and
sequestring
themselves
from
the
virtues
and
hospitalitie
of
their
more
beloved
and
honored
Ancestors
,
when
they
have
any
thing
to
buy
themselves
,
will
not
as
they
should
,
lay
the
blame
upon
their
own
letting
their
Lands
by
exact
and
strict
measures
of
the
Acres
,
Rods
,
and
Perches
to
the
utmost
rack
and
farthing
,
and
in
many
places
(
by
as
much
indiscretion
as
unconscionableness
)
apportion
and
limit
the
wood
which
the
Tenants
are
to
burn
or
use
by
the
loads
,
as
if
it
were
something
more
pretious
,
or
to
be
brought
by
degrees
to
be
weighed
by
the
pound
or
ownces
,
and
will
have
more
rent
many
times
to
be
paid
for
it
then
can
possibly
be
made
of
it
,
with
as
many
nomine
paenes
,
and
impossible
to
be
kept
Covenants
and
restrictions
as
hard-hearted
curiosity
and
diffidence
can
contrive
and
invent
to
the
sometimes
ruine
or
great
losses
of
the
Tenants
in
their
endeavours
to
improve
and
make
their
Farms
yeild
as
much
as
their
Rents
doe
amount
unto
,
which
necessitates
them
to
sell
every
thing
which
they
have
to
sell
at
the
highest
rates
.
And
by
so
letting
their
Lands
at
the
highest
rent
,
and
ten
times
higher
then
their
Grandfathers
(
some
only
few
good
and
worshipfull
imitators
of
their
Progenitors
virtues
excepted
)
or
as
much
as
can
be
gotten
,
are
not
only
the
greatest
cause
of
the
enhaunching
of
all
prices
of
provisions
,
but
by
making
another
as
great
an
advantage
to
themselves
.
Do
,
when
as
they
do
not
pay
Rents
as
their
Tenants
doe
for
the
Lands
out
of
which
they
raise
their
commodities
,
add
to
the
prejudice
of
the
Buyers
by
holding
of
them
up
to
the
rates
and
humour
of
the
Markets
,
and
getting
as
much
as
they
can
possible
for
what
they
themselves
do
sell
and
send
to
the
Markets
.
And
by
such
or
the
like
profitable
and
beneficiall
customes
,
which
are
sweet
in
the
mouth
or
unto
the
taste
,
but
may
be
bitter
in
the
stomach
or
digestion
,
of
making
their
benefits
by
the
losses
or
oppression
of
the
Buyers
,
which
at
the
Markets
with
those
reckoned
and
included
which
are
at
home
,
and
to
be
fed
with
what
is
bought
or
brought
from
thence
are
forty
for
one
that
are
sellers
,
and
those
that
have
either
Lands
of
their
own
,
or
at
a
Rent
are
not
one
in
every
twenty
for
those
which
have
not
,
have
very
much
enlarged
their
own
Estates
and
impoverished
the
Commonalty
.
Wherefore
all
those
of
our
Nation
,
which
like
the
wanton
,
&
at
last
unhappy
Sybarites
,
now
troubled
with
a
great
deal
more
under
a
slavish
government
and
dominion
of
the
Turks
,
then
the
crowing
of
the
Cocks
in
the
night
time
to
disturb
their
sweet
sleeps
or
repose
which
once
they
were
so
foolish
as
to
account
an
inconvenience
,
would
but
summon
in
their
consciences
and
a
right
understanding
of
causes
and
effects
to
the
Tribunal
of
reason
,
and
observe
the
dictates
of
that
and
common
right
.
The
Praeemption
which
was
never
used
to
be
denied
to
praeheminence
,
but
alwayes
attended
it
as
an
insepeperable
Concomitant
and
Consequence
,
and
so
esteemed
to
be
rational
,
as
the
rude
and
unmannerly
Dutch
with
their
heads
in
a
piece
of
a
Rug
,
and
their
good
manners
running
out
of
their
knees
,
can
afford
it
to
the
lowest
rank
of
their
Heeren
,
self-created
Lords
or
States
,
or
to
a
Schepen
or
Sindic
,
Sheriffe
or
Recorder
of
a
Town
,
would
not
be
found
to
be
a
grievance
and
where
any
Priviledges
,
as
there
ought
to
be
many
,
are
associate
and
incorporate
with
Soveraign
Majesty
,
the
King
of
England
,
under
whose
grants
and
allowance
only
every
Seller
as
well
as
Buyer
at
Fairs
and
Markets
claims
and
enjoyes
the
liberty
of
buying
and
selling
,
should
not
himself
be
unkindly
used
,
or
his
Pourveyors
debarred
the
liberty
of
a
first
Buyer
,
which
was
in
Anno
720.
or
thereabouts
,
understood
to
be
so
necessary
and
inherent
to
Kingly
authority
and
Supereminence
,
the
reverence
respect
and
duty
belonging
unto
it
,
and
a
priviledge
so
just
and
reasonable
and
becoming
Subjects
to
be
well
contented
with
,
and
the
Regality
of
Kings
not
to
part
with
,
as
King
Ina
one
of
our
Saxon
Kings
did
by
a
Law
prohibit
Fore
Fang
,
or
Captio
Obs●ni●rum
quae
in
Foris
aut
Nundinis
ab
aliquo
fit
priusquam
Minister
Regis
ea
caeperit
quae
Regi
fuerint
necessaria
,
the
taking
or
buying
of
houshold
prouisions
by
others
in
Fairs
or
Markets
before
the
Kings
Minister
or
Pourueyor
took
those
things
which
were
necessary
for
the
King
,
the
words
of
that
Law
,
as
the
learned
[
(g)
](A54682-e39700-b)
(g)
Spelman
Gloss●●
.
in
voce
Fore
fang
,
&
L.L.
Inae
cap.
altero
ante
penult.
M.
S.
Sir
Henry
Spelman
hath
in
the
Version
rendred
them
de
Fore
fang
(
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
in
Saxon
signifying
ante
or
before
,
and
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
prendere
or
to
take
)
i.
e.
de
preventione
decrevimus
per
totam
Angliam
quod
idem
judicium
teneri
debet
;
We
ordain
that
this
Law
of
Prevention
(
or
Praeemption
)
be
firmly
holden
throughout
all
England
.
And
is
more
fit
to
be
allowed
unto
the
King
whose
just
Rights
and
Jurisdictions
every
man
is
sworn
or
ought
to
swear
to
maintain
and
defend
.
If
there
were
no
fifth
commandement
in
being
,
or
any
other
Praecept
in
Scripture
to
honour
and
obey
the
King
then
unto
Lords
of
Manors
,
having
Markets
and
Fairs
belonging
unto
them
,
or
the
Lord
Maior
or
Sheriffs
of
London
,
or
the
Magistrates
of
any
other
City
or
Town
Corporate
in
England
;
for
a
greater
observance
is
certainly
to
be
tendered
unto
the
King
even
in
that
particul●r
of
Praeemption
(
which
may
well
be
believed
by
all
that
are
not
Quakers
)
whose
Tenants
all
the
people
of
England
are
mediately
or
immediately
by
some
or
other
Tenure
:
Then
that
which
is
usually
done
to
Lords
of
Manors
,
Justices
of
Peace
,
or
Country
Gentlemen
by
their
Tenants
or
poorer
sort
of
Neighbours
,
who
if
they
chance
to
catch
any
Woodcocks
or
Partridges
in
any
of
those
Gentlemens
Lands
,
will
bring
them
to
their
●ouses
to
sell
at
such
cheap
and
easie
rates
as
they
shall
please
to
give
for
them
;
and
if
,
which
seldome
happens
,
they
should
carry
them
to
the
Markets
and
not
thither
,
are
sure
enough
to
be
chid
for
it
,
and
crossed
and
denied
in
any
greater
matter
which
they
shall
have
to
doe
with
them
.
And
is
but
that
or
a
little
more
curtesie
which
Butchers
Fishmongers
,
and
other
Tradesmen
selling
victualls
or
provisions
in
great
quantities
,
and
all
the
year
or
often
unto
their
constant
Customers
,
will
not
for
their
own
ends
fail
to
doe
or
neglect
,
or
to
sell
unto
them
at
easier
rates
then
unto
others
,
and
find
themselves
to
be
many
times
no
loosers
by
it
,
insomuch
as
some
have
lately
well
afforded
to
sell
to
a
constant
Customer
for
great
quantities
at
the
same
rate
it
was
40
or
60
years
before
.
And
the
Compositions
of
the
Counties
for
Pourveyance
to
serve
in
Beefe
,
Mutton
Poultry
,
Corn
,
Malt
,
and
other
provisions
for
the
Kings
Houshold
,
and
the
maintenance
and
support
of
it
at
a
more
cheaper
rate
then
the
Markets
yeild
,
which
when
they
were
first
set
,
was
but
the
Market
rate
or
a
little
under
,
long
agoe
made
and
agreed
upon
by
the
greater
Officers
of
the
Kings
Houshold
,
and
some
Justices
of
Peace
in
every
County
,
and
easily
and
equally
taxed
and
laid
upon
the
whole
,
and
not
upon
any
particular
man
which
was
poor
or
of
a
small
Estate
not
fit
to
bear
it
.
May
be
with
as
much
and
more
reason
allowed
and
chearfully
submitted
unto
as
those
many
now
called
quit
rents
,
or
Rent
services
,
which
the
most
of
our
Nobility
,
Gentry
and
others
(
not
for
some
few
of
them
doe
yet
hold
some
of
their
Tenants
to
their
antient
and
reasonable
Customes
)
doe
receive
,
and
their
Tenants
easily
and
willingly
pay
for
their
several
sorts
of
●apola
Gavels
or
Tributes
charged
upon
their
Lands
before
and
since
the
Conquest
in
Kent
(
a
County
recounting
with
much
comfort
of
their
many
Priviledges
and
beneficiall
Customes
)
and
most
parts
of
England
[
(h)
](A54682-e39910-b)
(h)
Somners
Treatise
of
Gavelkind
Customs
in
Kent
.
as
Gavel
Erth
,
to
Till
some
part
of
their
Landlords
Ground
;
Gavel
Rip
,
to
come
upon
summons
to
help
to
reap
their
Corn
;
Gavel
R●d
,
to
make
so
many
perches
of
hedge
;
Gavel
Swine
,
for
pawnage
or
feeding
their
Swine
in
the
Lords
Woods
;
Gavel
werk
,
which
was
either
Manuopera
by
the
person
of
the
Tenant
,
or
Carropera
,
by
his
Carts
or
Cariages
,
Harth-silver
,
Chimney-money
,
or
Peter-pence
,
which
some
Mesne
Lords
do
yet
receive
;
Were
Gavel
in
respect
of
Wears
and
Kiddels
to
catch
Fish
,
pitched
and
placed
by
the
Sea
coasts
;
Gavel
noht
or
Fother
,
or
Rent
[
(i)
](A54682-e40070-b)
(i)
Spelman
Glossar
.
in
v●cibus
Fodrum
,
Sigonius
de
Regno
Italiae
lib.
7.
Foder
,
which
did
signifie
pabulum
or
alimentum
ut
Saxones
antiqui
dixerunt
,
and
comprehended
all
sorts
of
victuals
or
provisions
,
as
the
old
Saxons
interpreted
it
for
the
Lord
probably
in
his
progress
or
passing
by
them
,
and
was
in
usage
and
custome
in
the
time
of
Charlemaigne
the
Emperor
,
about
the
year
of
our
Lord
800.
when
the
people
of
Italy
,
Regi
venienti
in
Italiam
solvere
tenebantur
pro
quo
saepe
etiam
aestimata
pecunia
pendebatur
,
were
to
provide
Foder
or
provisions
for
the
King
when
he
came
into
Italy
,
in
liew
of
which
,
money
to
the
value
thereof
was
sometimes
paid
,
and
was
long
after
taken
to
be
so
reasonable
as
it
was
by
the
[
(k)
](A54682-e40170-b)
(k)
Radenicus
in
gestis
Friderici
lib.
2.
ca.
5.
Princes
and
Nobility
of
Italy
acknowledged
in
an
Assembly
to
be
inter
Regalia
,
as
a
Prerogative
due
to
the
King
.
And
after
the
Conquest
for
[
(l)
](A54682-e40230-b)
(l)
Somner
of
Gavelkind
116
Aver
Land
or
Ouver
Land
carriage
of
the
Lords
Corn
to
Markets
and
Fairs
,
or
of
his
domestick
utensils
saith
the
learned
and
Judicious
Mr.
Somner
,
or
houshold
provisions
,
of
the
Lord
or
his
Steward
when
they
removed
from
one
place
to
another
,
sometimes
by
horse
Average
,
sometimes
by
foot
Average
;
one
while
within
the
Precinct
of
the
Manor
,
thence
called
In
average
,
and
at
other
times
without
,
and
then
called
Out
Average
;
whereupon
such
Tenants
were
known
by
the
name
of
Avermanni
or
Bermanni
;
Smiths
Land
holden
by
the
service
of
doing
the
Smiths
work
:
the
not
performing
of
which
several
services
so
annexed
to
the
said
several
sorts
of
Lands
,
and
their
Tenures
made
[
(m)
](A54682-e40340-b)
(m)
Coke
2.
par.
Instit.
p.
204.
them
to
be
forfeited
,
which
though
not
exchanged
and
turned
into
Rents
Regis
ad
exemplum
in
imitation
of
the
indulgence
and
favour
of
King
Henry
the
first
to
the
Tenants
of
his
demeasne
Lands
either
then
or
shortly
after
,
but
many
of
them
,
as
appeareth
by
Mr.
Somner
continuing
in
Kent
,
to
the
Reign
of
Henry
the
third
,
others
to
Edward
the
first
,
and
Edward
the
third
,
and
some
in
other
places
,
to
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
sixth
,
and
in
all
or
many
of
the
Abbies
and
Religious
Houses
untill
their
dissolution
in
the
later
end
of
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
eighth
notwithstanding
that
the
Lords
of
Manors
and
Leets
,
receiving
those
free
or
quit
Rents
,
as
they
were
called
of
their
Freeholders
and
Tenants
belonging
unto
their
several
Manors
in
lieu
and
recompence
of
those
services
,
did
or
ought
,
in
their
Court
Leets
twice
a
year
holden
,
cause
to
be
presented
and
punished
any
unreasonable
prises
for
provisions
or
victuals
sold
in
Markets
&
Fairs
,
o●
otherwise
;
or
if
they
have
not
Leets
,
are
when
they
are
Justices
of
Peace
authorised
to
doe
it
,
and
by
that
untill
their
Interests
perswaded
them
to
let
their
Tenants
use
all
manner
of
deceipts
in
their
Marketings
,
and
get
what
unreasonable
prises
they
pleased
,
so
as
they
themselves
might
rack
their
Rents
farre
beyond
former
ages
,
might
have
had
their
provisions
untill
this
time
at
as
low
and
easie
rates
as
the
Kings
prouisions
and
Compositions
were
at
when
they
were
rated
and
set
by
the
Justices
of
Peace
in
the
severall
Counties
,
and
all
others
of
their
Neighbourhood
might
also
have
enjoyed
the
benefit
of
the
like
rates
which
the
Law
intended
them
.
And
the
King
may
as
well
or
better
deserve
and
expect
as
many
Boons
or
other
services
as
the
Nobility
and
other
great
men
of
the
Kingdome
doe
,
notwithstanding
many
Priviledges
and
Indulgences
granted
by
their
more
liberall
Auncestors
,
and
better
bestowing
their
bounties
to
their
Tenants
;
And
to
be
furnished
with
Carts
and
Carriages
at
easie
rates
as
well
as
the
Earl
of
Rutland
is
at
this
day
for
nothing
,
upon
any
removall
from
Belvoir
Castle
in
Lincolnshire
to
Haddon
in
Darbyshire
and
elsewhere
from
one
place
to
another
,
with
very
many
Carts
of
his
Tenants
,
which
are
there
called
Boon
Carts
,
when
as
all
Lords
or
Gentlemen
of
any
rank
,
place
,
or
quality
in
the
Kingdome
doe
take
it
to
be
no
burden
or
grievance
to
their
Tenants
to
permit
them
to
pay
their
respects
and
obligations
unto
them
in
that
way
,
or
upon
a
New-years
day
,
or
when
they
shall
invite
them
to
a
Christmas
dinner
,
or
doe
them
any
courtesie
to
bring
them
a
present
of
Capons
or
Chickens
,
or
the
like
,
or
when
they
come
to
welcome
them
home
from
London
,
or
have
any
request
how
little
soever
to
make
unto
them
,
are
afraid
to
approach
them
without
bringing
some
offering
or
mediation
,
though
it
be
but
a
bottle
of
such
pitifull
wine
as
the
Vintner
of
the
next
Market
Town
can
furnish
them
out
of
a
Vessel
but
little
bigger
.
And
the
Lord
of
the
Manor
of
Harrow
in
the
County
of
Middlesex
had
in
Anno
21
R.
2.
a
Custome
belonging
to
that
Manor
,
that
by
summons
of
the
Bayliffe
upon
a
Generall
Reap
day
or
Magna
precaria
,
then
so
called
,
the
Tenants
as
well
free
as
Copiholders
should
yearly
amongst
them
doe
199
dayes
work
for
the
Lord
within
the
Manor
,
[
(n)
](A54682-e40680-b)
(n)
Somner
Treatise
of
Gavelkind
.
and
every
one
having
a
Chimney
should
send
a
man
thither
for
that
purpose
;
and
where
there
is
no
Custome
to
oblige
it
,
or
the
like
,
some
curtesies
amounting
to
near
as
much
are
as
often
to
be
found
as
the
love
and
good
will
to
a
Landlord
or
a
man
of
quality
,
or
fear
of
his
ill
will
or
displeasure
:
Nor
is
it
unusuall
for
Parishioners
to
help
a
Parson
or
Minister
of
a
Parish
to
reap
and
carry
in
his
corn
,
or
to
fetch
coals
or
wood
for
him
many
a
mile
distant
.
And
will
be
as
much
and
more
according
to
the
dictates
of
right
reason
,
as
for
a
Patron
of
the
Advowson
of
a
Church
to
be
for
ever
entitled
to
the
presentation
of
it
,
because
his
Ancestors
,
or
those
under
whome
he
claime
,
did
at
the
first
build
and
endow
it
with
the
Gl●be
land
and
their
own
Tythes
,
though
the
Parson
presented
by
him
unto
it
is
to
repair
the
Chancel
,
Or
for
those
that
have
Grants
of
Fairs
or
Markets
or
enjoy
them
by
prescription
,
to
take
their
Toll
which
(
unless
there
be
found
a
speciall
custome
that
the
Sellers
should
doe
it
)
is
to
be
paid
by
the
Buyers
;
and
money
for
Pickage
and
Stallage
,
or
for
Toll
called
Travers
,
or
passage
by
some
wayes
,
and
Thorough
Toll
,
for
driving
or
passing
through
some
Towns
,
&c.
And
the
Assistances
,
Aids
,
or
Contributions
in
his
Majesties
Pourveyance
and
Composition
for
his
house-keeping
,
may
be
as
much
(
and
more
)
warranted
by
the
rules
of
right
reason
,
as
they
are
in
matters
of
Policy
,
and
well
ordering
of
some
Societies
and
subordinate
Governments
in
and
concerning
the
Kingdome
,
and
as
they
are
when
the
Merchants
of
the
English
Staple
at
Dordrecht
and
Hamborough
,
do
tax
and
receive
a
certain
summe
of
money
upon
every
English
Cloth
sold
beyond
the
seas
,
and
to
imploy
that
and
the
admittances
,
and
making
free
of
Apprentices
of
the
old
or
new
Hanse
.
And
the
Fines
assessed
upon
the
Infringers
of
any
Orders
of
the
Companies
to
defray
the
charges
and
support
thereof
;
or
as
the
Lord
Mayor
of
London
for
the
time
being
by
Custome
or
Charter
of
the
City
,
takes
for
Scavage
or
Shewage
of
all
Merchandise
brought
to
London
a
certain
rate
by
the
Tonne
or
Pack
so
much
as
amounts
to
above
three
hundred
pounds
besides
the
profits
of
the
Tolls
,
Pickage
and
Stallage
of
Fairs
and
Markets
,
with
an
allowance
of
fourscore
pounds
out
of
every
one
of
the
8.
Coal-meaters
places
,
and
for
Cattle
brought
to
Smithfield
to
be
sold
,
and
Eels
,
Fish
and
Corn
imported
,
and
many
other
things
towards
the
charges
of
his
extraordinary
housekeeping
for
the
credit
and
honor
of
the
City
in
the
time
of
his
Maioralty
,
which
the
simplest
and
poorest
Citizen
never
grumbles
at
,
but
acknowledgeth
to
be
for
the
good
of
the
City
,
&
the
Company
of
which
he
is
free
(
for
he
must
alwaies
in
the
year
of
his
Maioralty
be
●aken
in
as
a
Freeman
of
one
of
the
twelve
antient
and
principall
Companies
of
the
City
,
as
the
Mercers
,
Goldsmiths
,
Gro●ers
,
Cloth-workers
,
Fishmongers
,
&c.
though
before
he
was
free
of
some
other
Company
)
largely
contributing
to
the
charges
of
him
and
his
Pageants
upon
the
day
of
his
Initiation
or
Lord
Maiors
day
;
so
as
the
twelve
Companies
are
every
year
never
able
to
escape
a
great
part
of
the
charges
of
that
day
,
and
besides
an
allowance
of
five
hundred
pounds
,
or
a
considerable
summe
of
money
towards
that
years
expences
out
of
the
Chamber
and
Revenues
of
the
City
,
hath
the
Livery
men
of
every
of
the
many
Companies
or
Corporations
of
Trade
▪
bringing
him
40
s.
in
retribution
of
a
Dinner
,
and
a
small
silver
spoon
of
the
sixth
part
of
the
value
,
every
Citizen
of
any
considerable
Estate
taxed
and
contributing
to
the
charges
of
Triumphant
Arches
or
Entertainments
of
their
King
or
Prince
upon
extraordinary
occasions
,
every
Company
bearing
and
helping
out
the
charges
of
the
Livery-men
Wardens
,
and
chief
of
their
Company
,
many
rich
Bachelers
,
or
men
so
called
,
though
some
of
them
are
married
,
created
in
the
Lord
Maiors
Company
only
for
the
service
of
that
day
,
paying
six
pound
a
man
,
and
others
of
that
Company
paying
four
pound
a
man
to
be
of
the
Budge
,
and
to
wear
their
Gowns
faced
with
a
furre
so
called
;
and
the
other
Companies
have
Bachelers
created
or
chosen
for
that
day
out
of
the
Yeomanry
,
so
stiled
,
which
besides
their
something
extraordinary
charges
in
Feasts
at
their
admissions
,
and
in
apparrel
and
habiliments
for
that
day
,
doe
likewise
contribute
to
the
charges
and
worship
of
their
particular
Companies
for
that
day
,
which
enables
them
to
drain
the
Capons
&
White-broath
&
puts
them
in
a
capacity
of
most
couragiously
storming
the
Custards
in
their
Grusty
Garrisons
,
and
of
the
better
overseeing
of
the
Company
and
Mystery
of
their
Trade
at
their
no
seldome
comfortable
meetings
and
rejoycing
in
the
creatures
:
the
Lord
Mayor
having
also
the
benefit
of
great
Fines
of
four
hundred
pounds
or
more
a
man
imposed
upon
twenty
or
thirty
in
a
year
,
or
too
many
more
then
need
,
who
after
such
time
as
his
Lordship
in
his
Fishing
for
Fines
hath
drunk
unto
them
,
shall
be
unwilling
,
or
not
think
themselves
fit
to
be
an
Alderman
or
Sheriffe
.
And
as
consonant
and
more
agreeable
to
right
reason
as
the
quarteridge
of
never
less
then
five
pence
every
quarter
of
year
,
and
twelve
pence
per
annum
to
be
distributed
as
their
Company
pleaseth
to
the
poor
,
paid
by
every
Freeman
of
which
there
are
very
great
numbers
to
every
of
their
Halls
or
Companies
,
two
shillings
and
six
pence
for
binding
,
and
thirteen
shillings
and
four
pence
for
making
free
of
every
Apprentice
,
six
pence
per
annum
for
every
Yeoman
or
Freeman
of
the
Company
under
the
Livery
,
and
two
shillings
per
annum
of
every
one
of
the
Livery
towards
the
expences
of
their
Barge
,
when
with
as
much
magnificence
as
they
can
they
doe
with
Trumpets
,
Drums
and
Musick
by
water
in
their
several
Barges
,
adorned
with
the
Banners
and
Arms
of
their
Companies
or
Gilds
,
conduct
and
attend
their
Lord
Maior
to
be
sworn
at
Westminster
,
although
the
City
of
London
and
every
Company
in
London
are
abundantly
or
very
well
endowed
with
lands
of
inheritance
of
a
great
yearly
value
,
and
great
stocks
of
money
by
Gifts
and
Legacies
.
And
no
less
reason
then
the
imposing
of
a
penny
upon
every
Broad
Cloth
brought
to
sale
to
Blackwell-hall
in
London
to
be
paid
to
the
Chamberlain
of
London
to
the
use
of
the
City
for
Hallage
,
which
the
Judges
of
the
Kings
Bench
in
Mich.
Terme
32
&
33
Eliz.
[
(o)
](A54682-e41280-b)
(o)
Cokes
2.
part
.
5.
Relat.
Cases
de
By-lawes
and
Ordinances
.
in
the
Chamberlain
of
Londons
Case
adjudged
to
be
lawfull
,
because
it
was
as
they
then
declared
pro
bono
publico
,
in
regard
of
the
benefits
which
the
Subjects
enjoyed
thereby
,
and
for
the
maintenance
of
the
weal
publick
,
and
can
not
be
said
to
be
a
charge
to
the
Subject
when
he
reaps
benefit
thereby
▪
and
resembled
it
to
Pontage
,
Murage
,
Toll
,
and
the
like
,
which
as
appeareth
by
the
book
of
13
H.
4.14
.
being
reasonable
,
the
Subject
will
have
more
benefit
by
it
then
the
charge
amounts
unto
,
and
that
the
Inhabitants
of
a
Town
or
Parish
may
without
any
Custome
,
make
Ordinances
and
Bylawes
for
the
reparation
of
a
Church
or
High-wayes
,
or
any
thing
which
is
[
(p)
](A54682-e41370-b)
(p)
44
E.
3
19.
for
the
weal
publick
,
and
in
such
cases
the
greater
part
shall
bind
all
the
rest
.
And
as
much
to
be
approved
as
the
wages
of
the
Knights
of
the
Shires
and
Burgesses
coming
to
Parliaments
,
which
are
taxed
and
levied
of
the
Counties
,
Cities
and
Boroughs
,
some
few
as
those
which
hold
any
Lands
parcel
of
an
Earldome
or
Barony
only
excepted
;
and
the
charges
of
the
Convocation
or
Clergy
assessed
upon
the
Clergy
;
The
Synodals
,
Lind●wood
const●tutiones
Angliae
&
constitut
.
O.
bo●oni
.
Procurations
,
Proxies
,
and
payments
made
and
paid
by
every
Minister
to
defray
the
charges
of
the
Arch
Deacons
in
their
Visitations
every
year
,
and
the
Bishops
every
three
years
,
who
are
enabled
to
recover
them
by
the
Statute
of
34
and
35
of
Henry
the
eighth
cap.
19.
Oblations
,
Easter
and
other
offerings
,
for
the
further
supply
and
maintenance
of
the
Ministry
,
Tributes
,
Customes
and
allowances
to
Governors
of
Colonies
and
Plantations
,
as
Virginia
,
New-England
,
Barbados
,
&c.
or
10
s.
or
some
other
rate
given
by
Merchants
to
the
Consuls
at
Venice
,
Smirna
,
Aleppo
,
Ligorne
,
&c.
towards
their
support
,
to
assist
them
in
the
matter
of
Trade
,
and
procuring
Justice
from
the
Superiors
of
the
Territories
:
The
Pensions
,
Admissions
,
and
Payments
in
the
Universities
and
the
severall
Colleges
and
Halls
therein
,
for
their
support
with
Taxes
also
sometimes
imposed
for
publick
Entertainments
of
the
King
,
Queen
,
Prince
,
Chancellor
of
the
University
,
or
some
other
Grandees
,
although
every
Colledge
and
Hall
is
endowed
with
large
yearly
and
perpetuall
Revenues
in
Lands
,
the
Admittances
,
yearly
Pensions
and
Payments
,
together
with
the
sale
and
rent
of
many
Chambers
in
the
Inns
of
Court
,
Chancery
,
or
Colledges
or
Houses
of
Law
,
towards
the
maintenance
,
charges
and
support
of
the
honour
of
those
Societies
;
and
contributions
not
seldome
made
and
enforced
towards
publick
Treatments
and
Masques
,
the
payments
and
rates
in
Parishes
for
Pews
,
Burialls
,
tolling
a
passing
Bell
,
or
ringing
him
and
his
companions
at
Funerals
;
which
if
not
enough
to
defray
the
charges
of
the
many
Feasts
and
Meetings
of
the
Church-wardens
and
Petty
States
of
the
Parish
,
repairing
of
the
Church
,
new
painting
and
adorning
it
,
buying
new
Bell-ropes
,
casting
one
or
more
Bells
,
building
the
Steeple
something
higher
,
or
making
a
sumptuous
Diall
with
a
gilded
Time
and
Hour-glass
,
are
sure
enough
to
be
enlarged
by
a
Parish
Rate
or
Tax
more
then
it
comes
to
.
Or
that
which
is
paid
by
the
poor
Tankard
or
Water-Bearers
at
the
Conduits
in
London
,
where
every
one
payeth
three
shillings
and
six
pence
at
his
admittance
,
and
a
penny
a
quarter
towards
the
support
of
that
pittifull
Society
.
Or
those
contributions
(
sic
magna
componere
parvis
▪
to
represent
great
things
by
small
,
and
the
vegetation
or
manner
of
the
growth
of
an
Oak
by
that
of
the
lowly
Shrubs
)
which
are
made
by
a
more
impoverished
sort
of
people
;
running
Assistant
,
or
unto
the
Scavenger
for
bearing
2
candles
before
him
at
nine
of
the
clock
at
night
,
and
rings
the
bell
for
Prayers
,
is
the
Cryer
for
sale
at
the
Markets
for
the
Charity
men
,
of
light
bread
taken
by
the
Lord
Maior
or
Sheriffs
,
chumps
of
Beefe
or
any
other
things
sent
in
by
the
City
Clerk
of
the
Market
,
and
unsized
Fish
by
the
water
Bayliffe
,
with
many
other
small
employments
,
for
which
his
Salery
is
four
shillings
eight
pence
per
moneth
,
and
two
pence
out
of
the
sixteen
pence
paid
by
every
Prisoner
at
his
first
coming
:
And
the
Scavenger
who
is
to
keep
the
house
clean
hath
for
his
standing
Salery
five
shillings
eight
pence
per
moneth
,
two
pence
for
every
Prisoner
at
his
first
coming
,
out
of
the
sixteen
pence
table-money
by
him
paid
,
and
a
penny
out
of
every
Fine
imposed
upon
offenders
for
the
breach
of
any
orders
.
Every
Prisoner
paying
at
his
first
coming
,
besides
many
other
Fees
,
fourteen
pence
for
entring
his
name
and
turning
the
key
,
five
shillings
for
a
Garnish
to
his
Chamber-fellows
to
be
spent
in
coals
and
candles
for
their
own
use
,
or
for
a
Dinner
or
Supper
,
and
sixteen
pence
to
one
of
the
Stewards
of
the
House
for
Table-money
,
out
of
which
candles
are
to
be
bought
for
the
use
of
the
House
every
night
set
up
in
places
necessary
,
&c.
notwithstanding
that
it
hath
above
60
▪
l.
per
annum
belonging
unto
it
charged
upon
lands
in
perpetuity
,
and
many
other
considerable
and
misused
Legacies
which
have
been
setled
and
bestowed
upon
that
should
be
well
priviledged
Prison
.
And
as
much
and
more
reasonable
(
as
the
generall
protection
and
defence
is
above
any
particular
,
and
the
publick
benefits
do
exceed
any
that
are
private
)
as
those
payments
and
services
which
being
derived
from
gratitude
or
retribution
for
benefits
received
which
(
highly
pleasing
the
Almighty
,
and
being
lovely
in
the
eyes
of
all
men
)
which
are
not
only
enjoyed
,
but
held
fast
and
enforced
by
all
the
Nobility
,
Gentry
,
and
richer
sort
of
men
in
England
,
when
it
happens
to
be
denied
,
as
the
services
and
customes
of
all
their
Tenants
to
grind
their
corn
at
their
Lords
Mill
,
or
baking
their
bread
at
his
common
Oven
in
some
Borough
or
Market
Town
,
The
Reliefs
in
Tenures
by
Knight
Service
or
Chivalry
fixed
and
appropriate
unto
those
Fewds
and
Tenures
,
and
paid
at
the
death
of
every
Tenant
dying
seised
,
being
at
the
first
never
condescended
unto
by
the
Tenants
by
any
paction
or
stipulation
betwixt
them
and
their
Lords
.
But
although
there
was
antiently
and
originally
betwixt
the
Lord
and
the
Tenant
,
[
(q)
](A54682-e41960-b)
(q)
Bodin
de
Repub.
ca.
7.
mutua
fides
tuendae
salutis
&
dignitatis
utriusque
,
saith
Bodin
,
a
mutual
obligation
betwixt
the
Tenant
and
the
Lord
to
defend
one
anothers
Estate
and
Dignity
,
or
as
Craig
saith
pactionibus
interpositis
de
mutua
Tutela
upon
certain
agreements
to
defend
one
another
,
were
lately
notwithstanding
received
and
taken
by
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
as
a
gratitude
,
and
in
that
and
no
other
respect
,
were
by
the
Tenants
willingly
paid
unto
them
.
The
Reliefs
paid
by
the
Heirs
of
Freeholders
in
Socage
after
the
death
of
their
Ancestors
,
which
being
not
paid
by
Tenants
for
years
by
a
rack
Rent
,
do
appear
to
have
no
other
commencement
but
in
signum
subjectionis
&
gratitudinis
,
a
thankfull
acknowledgement
for
benefits
received
.
Or
those
duties
&
payments
which
many
Lords
and
Gentry
doe
enjoy
in
Cumberland
,
Westmerland
,
and
many
of
the
other
Northern
Counties
which
were
not
at
the
first
by
any
original
contract
or
agreement
as
to
their
Tenants
particular
services
,
for
so
it
could
not
be
a
custome
,
but
the
Tenants
at
the
first
upon
the
only
reason
of
gratitude
(
untill
it
had
by
length
of
time
and
usage
uninterrupted
,
gained
the
force
of
a
custome
,
and
that
the
succeeding
Heirs
and
Tenants
were
admitted
according
to
those
customes
)
did
as
willingly
observe
and
acknowledge
them
.
The
Fines
incertain
at
the
will
of
severall
Lords
which
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
of
other
parts
of
England
do
receive
and
take
of
their
Copihold
Tenants
under
the
penalty
of
a
forfeiture
if
not
paid
in
a
reasonable
time
after
they
were
assessed
;
and
the
priviledges
which
they
retain
of
seising
their
Tenants
Copihold
Lands
as
forfeit
,
whether
the
Fines
were
certain
or
incertain
,
if
they
sued
Replevins
against
them
,
distraining
for
their
Rents
or
Services
,
and
had
no
other
parents
or
originall
untill
custome
had
settled
it
then
the
Tenants
gratefull
acknowledgements
of
the
Lords
or
his
Ancestors
former
kindess
and
benefits
bestowed
upon
them
or
their
Progenitors
.
And
the
Socage
Lands
and
Freeholders
might
be
Tallied
,
or
have
a
Tax
laid
upon
them
by
their
Lords
at
their
will
and
pleasure
as
their
necessities
or
occasions
required
,
as
well
before
as
after
the
Statute
de
Tallagio
non
concedendo
,
made
betwixt
the
years
25
&
34
Ed.
1.
and
if
it
had
been
an
Act
of
Parliament
,
and
not
a
Charter
could
bind
only
the
King
as
to
his
extraordinary
,
but
not
to
his
legall
Tallages
,
untill
custome
by
the
kindness
or
favour
of
time
,
and
the
curtesie
and
good
will
of
their
Lords
did
permit
them
by
a
desuetude
of
imposing
,
and
a
well
rellished
custome
of
the
Tenants
not
paying
to
enjoy
their
easie
and
cheap
bargains
and
freedome
of
their
Lands
for
which
they
should
doe
well
to
remember
better
then
they
doe
their
Benefactors
,
and
be
more
mannerly
and
gratefull
then
of
late
they
have
been
,
and
were
before
those
indulgencies
held
to
be
so
accustomed
and
usual
,
as
it
was
not
seldome
found
by
Inquisitions
and
Juries
upon
oath
that
such
or
such
land
was
holden
,
Et
Talliari
potest
,
&c.
And
might
have
Taxes
or
a
greater
Rent
laid
upon
them
by
the
Lord
of
the
Manor
,
in
so
much
as
the
Kings
demeasne
Lands
were
not
free
from
Tallage
,
which
will
be
evident
enough
by
a
presentment
of
a
Jury
of
Nottinghamshire
before
the
Justices
in
Eyre
in
anno
8
E.
1.
or
King
Edward
the
first
,
when
the
Kings
Letters
Patents
,
of
a
Grant
of
the
Town
of
Retford
to
the
Burgesses
thereof
and
their
Heirs
in
Fee
Farm
was
found
and
,
mentioned
in
these
words
,
viz.
[
(r)
](A54682-e42220-b)
(r)
In
Baga
de
quo
warranto
in
Com.
Not.
&
placitis
de
Ragemannis
coram
Justic.
Itinerant
.
in
Com.
Nott.
anno
regni
Regis
8.
incipiend
.
nono
.
in
Recept
Scacar●i
.
Edwardus
Dei
gratia
,
&c.
Sciatis
nos
concessisse
,
&c.
Burgensibus
nostris
de
Retford
quod
ipsi
&
eorum
haeredes
de
cetero
habeant
&
teneant
ad
feodi
firmam
de
nobis
&
haeredibus
nostris
in
perpetuum
villam
nostram
de
Retford
cum
pertnen
,
reddendo
inde
nobis
&
haeredibus
nostris
per
manus
suas
proprias
decem
libras
per
annum
ad
Scaccarium
nostrum
ad
festum
Sancti
Michaelis
pro
omnibus
serviciis
,
&c.
Salvo
inde
nobis
&
haeredibus
nostris
Tallagio
nostro
cum
nos
,
&
haeredes
nostris
Dominica
nostra
per
Angliam
fecimus
Talliari
,
&c.
reserving
to
himself
and
his
Heirs
a
Fee
Farme
Rent
of
ten
pounds
per
annum
,
and
the
power
of
Tax
or
Tallage
(
or
improving
)
what
he
had
granted
unto
them
when
he
should
have
occasion
to
make
a
Taxe
or
Tallage
upon
all
his
Demesne
Lands
in
England
:
And
untill
Rents
were
racked
(
of
which
the
Kings
of
England
and
the
Officers
of
their
Revenue
in
land
were
seldom
or
never
yet
much
guilty
)
&
that
Rents
were
improved
as
high
as
the
profits
of
Lands
,
all
the
Lands
of
England
except
the
Copihold
&
Customary
lands
,
by
Fines
certain
&
the
curtesie
of
time
and
their
Landlords
suffering
their
good
will
and
charity
to
be
reduced
into
thankless
customs
,
escaped
it
)
were
liable
to
be
made
contributaries
to
many
of
the
necessities
or
occasions
of
the
Lords
of
Manors
,
who
formerly
did
not
make
Leases
and
take
Fines
to
lessen
the
rents
,
as
they
doe
now
▪
by
a
high
rate
or
rule
of
interest
and
disadvantages
,
procuring
their
rents
to
be
advanced
as
it
were
in
the
name
of
a
Fine
before
hand
;
nor
if
the
Lands
were
holden
in
Capite
by
Knight
service
untill
time
and
their
Princes
favours
had
disused
it
,
could
make
a
Lease
unto
any
Tenant
of
such
Lands
but
by
licence
,
and
then
also
for
no
longer
a
term
then
3.
or
7.
years
.
And
their
Lands
and
Rents
,
except
Capite
and
Knight-service
and
Copihold
land
,
and
lands
in
Frank
Almoigne
,
being
capable
of
no
higher
Rents
or
improvement
,
cannot
now
be
any
more
by
them
Tallied
,
(
which
in
effect
is
but
a
calling
for
more
rent
,
or
raising
it
,
which
every
Landlord
may
do
where
his
Tenants
are
at
Will
,
or
when
their
Leases
are
expired
)
when
they
are
now
all
but
those
Lands
,
before
excepted
,
as
to
the
King
and
the
mesne
Lords
,
and
the
Lands
of
the
Freeholders
and
Cop
holders
at
the
utmost
or
a
very
high
rent
.
And
such
Tallage
is
at
this
day
not
laid
aside
by
our
Neighbours
of
France
,
Estate
de
la
France
par
N.
Besog●e
en
l'
An.
1661.
in
very
many
places
were
les
Tailles
se
paient
par
ceuz
du
Tiers
estat
c'est
a
dire
par
les
habitans
Roturiers
des
Villes
non
Franches
Bourgs
&
Villages
a
proportion
des
biens
du
Taillable
sans
qu'
il
ait
estè
besoin
d'
asembler
les
Estats
pour
ce
suiet
;
those
kind
of
Taxes
are
paid
by
the
third
Estate
or
Commonalty
,
that
is
to
say
,
by
the
Inhabitants
(
or
common
people
of
the
Towns
and
Boroughts
not
infranchised
or
freed
from
it
by
the
King
according
to
the
proportion
of
their
goods
or
moveables
without
any
assembly
of
the
Estates
to
that
purpose
,
except
in
Languedoc
,
Provence
,
Burgogne
,
Daulphine
,
and
Brittaine
,
where
when
the
King
and
his
Councel
have
resolved
what
the
Tailles
shall
be
les
terres
&
immeubles
seulement
sont
Taillables
,
the
lands
and
immoveables
only
are
tailleable
,
and
their
near
friends
the
Scots
did
long
agoe
so
well
like
of
gratitude
as
they
enacted
and
held
it
to
be
a
good
Law
,
that
Lands
holden
in
few
Ferme
pay
and
ane
certain
zierly
dewty
nomine
Feudi
Firme
may
be
recognosced
be
the
Superior
for
none
payment
of
the
few
dewtie
,
and
that
twa
maner
of
waies
,
the
first
ex
provisione
&
naturae
contractus
by
operation
of
law
and
the
nature
of
the
contract
;
[
(s)
](A54682-e42530-b)
(s)
Skene
de
verborum
significatione
.
for
the
few
Fermorer
not
pay
and
his
few
Ferme
for
his
ingratitude
and
unthankfulnes
Tinis
and
forfaltis
his
few
Ferme
be
the
disposition
of
the
Law
quhilk
as
zit
was
not
in
practique
and
use
in
Scotland
.
And
the
English
Landlords
were
so
unwilling
to
part
with
any
priviledges
which
brought
them
in
any
power
,
gain
or
profit
,
as
where
they
held
any
of
the
Kings
antient
Demesnes
,
in
Fee
Farme
,
and
the
King
did
cause
his
antient
Demesnes
to
be
Tallied
,
the
Lord
or
Fee
Farmer
under
him
would
sue
forth
the
Kings
writ
,
commanding
the
Sheriff
that
in
case
the
lands
were
auntient
Demeasne
,
[
(t)
](A54682-e42560-b)
(t)
Register
of
●
writs
87.
&
hucusque
consueverit
Talliari
and
was
untill
then
accustomed
to
be
Tallied
,
that
rationabile
Tallagium
ei
habere
faceret
de
libere
Tenentibus
suis
in
manerio
praedicto
sicut
prius
fieri
consuevit
,
he
should
cause
the
Freeholders
of
the
said
Manor
to
pay
unto
their
Lord
such
reasonable
Tallage
as
was
accustomed
.
And
with
as
much
or
more
reason
were
the
Pourveyances
or
Compositions
for
them
allowed
and
established
as
the
hitherto
never
complained
of
in
Parliament
or
accompted
to
be
grievances
Herezelda
,
Herriot
services
,
or
Herriots
,
which
Skene
an
Author
of
great
authority
amonst
the
Scots
,
defineth
to
be
[
(u)
](A54682-e42650-b)
(u)
Ske●eu●
ad
Tit.
de
Herezeldis
in
Quon
.
attach
.
ca.
25.
Alciat
.
lib.
1.
parerg
.
ca.
45.
&
Spelman
glossar
▪
in
voce
Heriotum
&
Neo●●acitus
de
feudi●
Hollandici●
.
gratuitae
donationes
quae
ab
husbando
seu
agricola
datur
domino
suo
ratione
dominij
&
reverentiae
,
the
free
gifts
or
remunerations
of
the
Tenants
to
their
Lords
in
the
reverence
and
respect
which
they
bear
unto
them
.
Which
the
Hollanders
,
those
grand
contesters
for
Liberties
,
doe
call
Laudemia
,
and
notably
increase
their
small
Revenues
in
lands
with
them
:
And
in
England
,
saith
the
learned
Spelman
,
Non
nisi
post
mortem
husbandi
solvitur
is
only
paid
after
the
death
of
the
Tenant
,
and
differs
from
a
Reliefe
;
for
that
a
Reliefe
is
in
case
of
Inheritance
,
but
an
Herriot
in
a
lesser
Estate
,
as
for
life
,
&c.
and
being
formerly
and
in
the
Saxon
times
of
a
greater
value
,
by
the
giving
or
paying
to
their
Lords
Shields
,
Swords
,
Spears
,
Helmets
,
Horses
furnished
,
and
money
,
according
to
the
several
qualities
and
estates
of
the
Tenants
have
been
since
by
the
example
and
indulgence
of
our
Princes
imitated
by
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
reduced
to
the
best
horse
or
beast
,
and
if
none
to
the
best
houshold
stuffe
,
but
so
greedily
attached
,
or
seldome
remitted
by
the
Landlords
,
as
the
poor
mans
single
Ewe
Lamb
in
the
parable
of
the
Prophet
Nathan
to
David
,
or
a
Cow
which
should
give
the
lamenting
Wife
and
Children
some
nourishment
and
sustenance
,
are
seldome
able
to
escape
their
Bailiffes
,
or
such
as
are
sent
to
fetch
them
.
And
if
it
be
reason
for
the
people
to
make
such
payments
and
contributions
,
and
observe
such
respects
to
their
Landlords
and
subordinate
Governors
or
Superiors
,
as
much
,
and
greater
surely
ought
they
to
pay
unto
their
Pater
Patriae
,
the
protector
and
defender
,
as
well
of
those
that
receive
those
duties
,
as
of
those
that
pay
them
,
and
are
and
should
be
enough
to
awaken
and
rouze
up
their
gratitudes
,
and
imprint
in
their
memories
the
never
enough
to
be
requited
benefits
and
blessings
received
by
our
Kings
and
Princes
,
as
much
as
if
with
a
forfeiture
upon
the
not
doing
or
observing
those
Agreements
,
they
had
been
as
strongly
annexed
and
incorporated
into
our
Lands
and
Estates
,
as
that
of
the
Service
or
Conditions
of
Lands
given
to
hold
by
the
Tenures
of
Knight
service
which
as
some
Civilians
hold
,
[
(x)
](A54682-e42830-b)
(x)
Repetit
.
l.
Imperial
in
Bartholmeo
Camerari
769.
ipsi
sanguini
cohaerent
,
are
inherent
in
the
very
blood
of
the
Tenants
,
which
being
the
most
noble
,
gentile
,
rich
,
and
better
sort
of
the
people
,
were
when
the
Pourveyance
was
in
being
,
the
most
fit
and
likeliest
to
be
charged
with
the
Payments
or
Contributions
towards
it
;
and
were
therefore
in
several
Kings
Reigns
sometimes
singly
and
often
charged
with
publick
Ayds
or
Taxes
,
and
very
much
more
then
other
of
the
people
,
as
twenty
shillings
for
every
Knights
Fee
granted
by
Parliament
to
King
Richard
the
first
six
and
twenty
shillings
eight
pence
for
every
Knights
Fee
to
King
John
,
and
as
much
at
another
time
to
him
towards
his
Warres
in
Wales
,
twenty
shillings
upon
every
Knights
Fee
towards
his
Voyage
into
Normandy
,
and
forty
shillings
at
another
time
,
and
as
much
twice
assessed
in
the
Reigns
of
King
Henry
the
third
towards
his
Warres
in
Gascony
,
twenty
shillings
upon
every
Knights
Fee
by
Henry
the
fourth
(
the
Warres
in
Scotland
by
King
Edward
the
first
and
Edward
the
second
,
and
of
France
by
King
Edward
the
third
,
and
the
personal
and
chargeable
services
of
most
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
therein
probably
procuring
them
some
relaxation
of
not
having
their
Fees
or
Lands
so
charged
as
formerly
.
)
And
besides
other
incidents
belonging
thereunto
,
are
by
the
Fewdists
said
to
be
so
more
then
ordinarily
tied
up
unto
gratitudes
and
the
more
especiall
duties
and
obligations
thereof
;
as
such
a
Tenant
forfeits
his
Lands
in
Fee
,
Si
percipiat
magnum
periculum
domino
imminere
,
&
ultrò
sine
requisitione
servicium
non
offert
;
if
he
perceived
any
danger
imminent
or
likely
to
happen
to
his
Lord
,
and
did
not
of
his
own
accord
offer
his
service
to
prevent
it
;
or
if
his
Lord
were
a
Captive
or
in
prison
,
ought
to
contribute
towards
his
redemption
,
or
if
he
should
happen
to
fall
into
distress
,
was
to
relieve
him
as
farre
say
some
of
the
Fewdall
Laws
(
which
by
stipulation
or
paction
,
being
not
at
the
first
agreed
upon
,
or
included
in
the
General
words
of
defending
the
Lord
and
his
Dignity
,
was
with
many
other
their
gratefull
observances
afterwards
particularized
and
deduced
from
such
customes
as
gratitude
only
had
in
process
of
time
introduced
)
and
as
much
as
amounted
unto
the
Moiety
of
one
years
Rent
,
or
si
[
(y)
](A54682-e43010-b)
(y)
●esoldus
discurs
.
Politic
741.
&
Commentar.
dua●eni
Wesenbech
&
Contii
in
Consuetudine
Veud●rum
Obertu●
de
Feudis
lib.
2.
●t
.
24
&
28.
Spelman
glossar
.
in
voce
auxilium
.
dominum
in
acie
periclitantem
deseruerit
,
if
he
left
his
Lord
in
the
field
,
and
was
ingratefull
;
And
by
our
Laws
of
England
,
if
he
or
his
heirs
did
not
unto
the
Lord
,
or
any
of
his
Heirs
of
whom
the
Lands
were
holden
,
his
services
within
two
years
,
was
upon
a
Cessavit
per
Biennium
brought
by
the
Lord
,
and
no
sufficient
distress
to
be
found
to
forfeit
the
Lands
so
holden
.
And
from
no
other
source
or
original
was
derived
Escuage
for
the
Tenants
by
Knight
service
not
attending
the
King
or
their
Lords
in
the
wars
,
which
,
Littleton
ca.
3.
Escuage
.
as
Littleton
saith
,
was
because
the
Law
intendeth
and
understood
it
that
the
lands
were
at
the
first
for
that
end
freely
given
them
,
whence
also
came
the
Aide
to
make
the
eldest
Sonne
of
the
King
a
Knight
,
and
to
marry
the
eldest
Daughter
and
the
like
assistances
or
duties
unto
the
mesne
Lords
as
gratefull
acknowledgements
for
the
Lands
holden
of
them
,
which
the
Freeholders
in
Socage
are
likewise
not
to
deny
,
and
were
not
at
the
first
by
any
Agreement
betwixt
the
King
and
his
particular
Tenants
,
nor
likely
to
be
betwixt
the
mesne
Lords
and
their
Tenants
when
the
Lands
were
given
them
;
for
that
some
of
the
mesne
Lords
might
probably
be
without
Sonne
or
Daughter
,
or
both
,
or
any
hopes
to
have
any
when
they
gave
their
Lands
,
and
their
Grants
doe
frequently
mention
,
pro
homagio
&
servicio
,
in
consideration
only
of
homage
and
service
to
be
done
.
And
being
called
auxilia
sive
adjutoria
,
Aids
or
Assistances
to
their
Lords
(
who
could
not
be
then
in
any
great
want
of
such
helps
when
the
portions
of
Daughters
were
very
much
in
vertue
,
and
little
in
mony
,
and
the
charges
of
making
the
eldest
Son
a
Knight
,
the
King
in
those
dayes
bestowing
upon
all
or
many
of
them
some
costly
Furres
&
Robes
,
Claus.
H.
3.
and
the
other
charges
consisting
in
the
no
great
expences
of
the
furnishing
out
the
young
Gentleman
to
receive
the
then
more
martial
better
used
and
better
esteemed
honour
of
Knighthood
)
were
reckoned
by
Bracton
in
the
later
end
of
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
third
,
[
(z)
](A54682-e43230-b)
(z)
Bract●n
lib.
2.
tract.
1.
cap
16.
num.
8.
inter
consuetudines
quae
serviciae
non
dicuntur
nec
concomitantia
serviciorum
sicut
sunt
rationabilia
auxilia
;
amongst
those
customes
which
are
not
understood
to
be
services
nor
incidents
thereof
if
they
be
reasonable
.
But
were
de
gratia
&
ut
Domini
necessitas
secundum
quod
major
esset
vel
minor
relevium
acciperet
,
and
proceeded
from
the
good
will
of
the
Tenants
to
help
their
Lords
as
their
occasions
or
necessities
should
require
,
Et
apud
exteros
(
saith
Sir
Henry
Spelman
)
non
solum
[
(a)
](A54682-e43330-b)
(a)
Spelman
glossar
.
in
voce
Auxilium
.
ad
collocandas
sorores
in
matrimonium
,
sed
ad
fratres
etiam
Juniores
milites
faciendos
;
And
with
some
forreign
Nations
(
as
the
Germans
,
old
Sicilians
and
Neapolitans
)
not
only
towards
the
marriage
of
the
Sisters
of
their
Lords
,
but
to
make
also
their
younger
Sons
Knights
.
For
,
the
good
will
and
gratefull
retorns
of
the
Subjects
to
their
Kings
and
Princes
,
and
of
the
Tenants
to
their
Lords
were
not
only
since
the
Norman
Conquest
,
but
long
before
practised
and
approved
by
the
Britains
the
elder
and
most
antient
Inhabitants
of
this
our
Island
and
other
world
,
as
is
manifest
by
the
Ebidiu
or
Tributum
[
(b)
](A54682-e43430-b)
(b)
Spelman
glossar
.
in
voce
Ebed●●
.
paid
per
Nobilium
haeredes
Capitali
provinciae
domino
,
the
Heirs
of
the
Nobility
or
great
men
after
the
death
of
their
Ancestors
to
the
Lords
or
chief
of
the
Province
,
like
unto
(
as
Sir
Henry
Spelman
saith
)
our
relief
(
which
Hottoman
termeth
Honorarium
,
a
free
gift
or
offering
)
And
that
learned
Knight
found
upon
diligent
enquiry
amongst
the
Welch
,
who
by
the
sins
of
their
forefathers
and
injury
of
the
Saxons
are
now
contented
to
be
called
by
that
name
,
as
Strangers
in
that
which
was
their
own
Country
,
that
that
Ebidiu
was
paid
at
a
great
rate
non
solum
è
praediis
Laicis
,
sed
etiam
Ecclesiasticis
,
not
only
by
the
Laity
but
the
Church-men
And
being
not
discontinued
amongst
the
Saxons
,
was
besides
the
payment
of
Reliefs
attended
with
other
gifts
and
acknowledgements
of
superiority
as
well
as
thanks
;
for
Gervasius
Tilburiensis
in
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
second
,
when
the
people
of
England
had
not
been
so
blessed
and
obliged
as
they
were
afterwards
with
the
numberless
Gifts
,
Grants
and
Liberties
which
in
the
successive
Reigns
of
seventeen
Kings
and
Queens
after
preceding
our
now
King
and
Soveraign
were
heaped
upon
them
,
found
oblata
presents
,
gifts
or
offerings
to
the
King
to
be
a
well
approved
Custome
,
and
therefore
distinguished
them
into
[
(c)
](A54682-e43590-b)
(c)
Ex
nigro
libro
in
A●chiv●●iscali
sive
recept
.
quaedam
in
rem
&
quaedam
in
spem
,
some
before
hand
for
hopes
of
future
favours
,
and
others
for
liberties
or
other
things
given
and
granted
by
the
King
,
and
the
Fine
Rolles
of
King
John
and
Henry
the
third
his
Son
will
shew
us
very
many
Oblata's
or
Free-will
Offerings
of
several
kinds
,
Hubert
de
Burgo
Earl
of
Kent
and
chief
Justice
of
England
,
Mat.
Paris
336.
demand
an
Accompt
de
donis
&
xeniis
of
gifts
and
presents
(
amongst
which
Carucagii
or
carriages
were
numbred
)
spectantibus
ad
Coronam
appertaining
to
the
Crown
.
And
upon
that
and
no
other
ground
were
those
reasonable
Lawes
or
Customes
founded
,
that
the
King
might
by
the
Laws
of
England
grant
a
Corody
,
which
Sir
Henry
Spelman
ex
constitut.
Sicul.
lib.
3.
Tit.
18.
defineth
to
be
quicquid
obsonii
superiori
in
subsidium
penditur
,
provisions
of
victuals
made
for
superiors
;
Et
ad
fundatores
Monasteriorum
,
and
to
the
Founders
of
every
Monastry
,
though
by
the
Constitutions
of
Othobon
the
Popes
Legat
in
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
third
,
[
(d)
](A54682-e43860-b)
(d)
Spelman
glossar
.
in
v●ce
Corredio
,
&
F.
N.
●
.
230.
the
Religious
of
those
houses
were
forbidden
to
grant
or
suffer
any
to
be
granted
or
allowed
è
communi
jure
spectabat
corrodium
in
quovis
suae
fundationis
monasterio
nisi
in
libera
Eleemosina
fundaretur
,
it
belonged
of
common
right
to
grant
a
Corrody
in
any
Religious
houses
of
their
foundation
,
if
not
founded
in
Franke
Almoigne
,
disposuit
item
Rex
in
beneficium
famulurom
suorum
corrodium
,
&c.
likewise
the
King
might
grant
to
any
of
his
houshold
servants
a
Corrody
in
any
houses
of
the
foundation
of
the
Kings
of
England
,
and
as
many
were
in
all
by
them
granted
as
one
hundred
and
eleaven
,
which
that
learned
Knight
conceived
to
be
an
argument
that
so
many
of
the
Monasteries
were
of
their
foundation
,
Et
issint
de
common
droit
,
saith
the
learned
Judge
Fitzherbert
in
his
Natura
Brevium
,
and
also
of
Common
Right
the
King
ought
[
(e)
](A54682-e43940-b)
(e)
Fitz
Herbert
Novel
Natura
Brevium
230.
A.
to
have
a
reasonable
Pension
out
of
every
Bishoprick
in
England
and
Wales
for
his
Chaplain
,
untill
the
Bishop
should
promote
him
to
a
fitting
Benefice
.
Which
if
the
compositions
for
Pourveyances
being
reduced
into
contracts
,
and
a
lawfull
custome
,
were
or
should
be
no
other
then
gratitudes
,
may
be
as
commendable
and
necessary
,
as
those
well
approved
Examples
of
thankfulness
recorded
in
holy
writ
,
of
[
(f)
](A54682-e44010-b)
(f)
Genes.
21.
v.
23.26
.
Abrahams
giving
King
Abimelech
Sheep
and
Oxen
for
his
kindness
shewed
unto
him
in
the
Land
wherein
he
had
sojourned
:
Araunah
bowing
himself
with
his
face
to
the
ground
before
King
David
when
he
asked
him
to
buy
his
threshing
floor
,
and
being
willing
not
only
to
have
given
it
him
if
he
would
have
accepted
it
,
[
(g)
](A54682-e44060-b)
(g)
2
Sam.
ca.
24.
v.
21
,
22
,
&
23.
as
a
King
and
unto
the
King
,
as
the
Text
saith
,
the
Threshing
floor
,
but
Oxen
also
for
burnt
sacrifice
.
And
The
custome
of
Strangers
(
much
more
to
be
observed
by
Subjects
who
are
under
greater
obligations
)
in
the
Queen
of
Sheba's
presents
of
an
hundred
and
twenty
Talents
of
gold
,
and
of
spices
very
great
store
,
and
pretious
stones
,
which
she
had
before
hand
prepared
and
brought
with
her
,
and
gave
him
at
her
departure
,
or
in
acknowledgement
of
her
entertainment
.
And
of
Naaman
the
Sirians
pressing
the
Prophet
Elisha
very
hard
after
he
was
cured
of
his
leprosie
by
no
long
or
troublesome
medicines
to
take
a
blessing
of
him
,
ten
talents
of
silver
,
six
thousand
pieces
of
gold
,
and
ten
changes
of
raiment
which
he
took
with
him
when
he
began
his
journey
unto
him
to
seek
his
cure
.
And
more
expressions
of
thankfulness
then
the
Royal
Pourveyance
amounteth
unto
may
certainly
be
due
unto
the
King
,
who
doth
not
as
many
great
and
small
Princes
or
States
usually
do
in
Germany
and
Italy
,
build
Forts
upon
some
or
many
rivers
or
passages
,
which
may
streighten
,
incumber
,
or
terrifie
Merchants
with
their
Merchandize
,
or
other
men
that
travail
in
the
day
time
,
or
at
other
seasonable
times
upon
their
occasions
and
affairs
,
to
enforce
a
Toll
or
payments
of
money
,
nor
make
a
Sundt
or
Baltick
of
the
Auss
or
passage
from
Bristow
to
Wales
,
or
out
of
Lincolnshire
over
the
Hum●er
to
Hull
,
or
at
Barwick
or
Newcastle
,
or
in
the
passage
betwixt
Dover
and
Calais
,
which
might
yeild
him
even
of
Strangers
a
benefit
or
profit
as
considerable
,
or
very
neer
as
much
as
the
Danish
King
doth
of
the
Sund.
Suffers
not
the
people
to
be
troubled
in
their
going
to
Markets
&
Fairs
,
or
passing
to
&
fro
with
their
goods
or
inland
Commodities
or
Merchandize
with
any
such
paages
,
payages
or
monies
as
are
now
paid
by
Passengers
through
the
divers
great
and
small
&
many
several
Territories
of
the
Nobility
or
Lords
of
Manors
in
France
for
carriage
of
Goods
or
Merchandise
,
some
of
which
payments
are
called
Barrage
,
by
reason
of
a
Barre
put
cross
the
way
;
or
[
(h)
](A54682-e44430-b)
(h)
Charles
Loys●a●
traite
des
s●igneuri●s
.
Billets
in
respect
of
a
Billet
which
is
hung
upon
a
tree
to
denote
the
entrance
into
another
Territory
,
or
Pontage
for
the
passage
over
a
Bridge
,
or
Prevostè
for
the
Customes
or
Rights
due
in
their
passage
to
the
Lord
of
that
Jurisdiction
,
or
the
Travers
which
is
paid
by
every
one
which
carrieth
any
thing
to
sell
out
of
the
Manor
,
Jurisdiction
or
Territorie
,
and
altogether
doe
make
so
great
a
trouble
to
the
Carters
,
Voituriers
,
Passengers
,
or
people
,
and
the
affairs
of
Merchandise
,
loosing
much
time
in
paying
their
Billets
almost
in
every
Parish
as
they
pass
finding
out
and
tarrying
for
those
that
are
to
receive
it
;
and
in
some
places
having
Souldiers
,
or
some
hungry
and
almost
starved
companions
placed
to
receive
it
,
and
Billets
hung
out
many
times
where
they
should
not
,
and
being
constrained
thereby
to
seek
by-wayes
to
escape
such
their
too
farre
extended
exactions
,
and
hazard
themselves
if
catched
to
pay
une
grosse
amende
more
then
otherwise
they
should
,
as
the
Commonalty
and
poor
People
of
France
,
who
have
little
more
for
their
hard
labours
and
drudgery
to
comfort
them
then
a
Lenten
or
slender
dyet
all
the
year
,
with
Taxes
,
Rags
and
Apish
fashions
,
had
rather
pay
another
Tail
or
Tax
to
the
King
,
or
twenty
times
as
much
to
the
Lords
in
their
petites
so●erainetès
,
little
Royalties
,
then
to
be
so
much
incumbred
.
Which
our
Traders
and
Travailers
are
not
at
all
troubled
with
,
but
are
excused
at
Markets
and
Fairs
,
Cities
or
Towns
of
Trade
by
a
Toll
,
which
is
more
antient
then
the
Conquest
,
or
a
few
Centuries
,
are
now
taken
by
the
King
where
he
or
his
Progenitors
have
not
granted
them
away
unto
others
at
the
same
or
some
easie
rates
,
which
they
were
at
some
hundreds
of
years
or
long
agoe
,
when
the
price
of
a
fat
Sheep
or
Mutton
was
but
twenty
pence
,
and
the
Toll
in
some
places
;
(
for
they
vary
according
to
custome
)
at
one
half
penny
,
a
Sheep
,
amounted
unto
a
fortieth
part
of
the
then
value
of
a
fat
Sheep
,
which
is
now
not
seldome
rated
and
sold
at
20
s.
(
and
may
therefore
be
the
more
contentedly
paid
,
and
if
raised
up
together
with
the
Pickage
and
Stallage
,
and
for
the
Pennes
to
the
now
rates
of
victuals
and
provisions
,
would
according
to
the
difference
betwixt
the
then
small
value
of
silver
,
and
that
which
is
now
more
then
twice
as
much
,
and
at
5
s.
and
a
penny
the
ounce
,
and
setled
again
in
the
Crown
from
whence
it
first
came
to
many
Lords
of
Manors
,
some
of
whom
doe
make
80
l.
per
annum
by
it
,
go
a
great
way
towards
the
loss
or
charges
which
the
Counties
doe
pretend
were
laid
upon
them
by
the
differences
betwixt
the
Market
prises
and
the
rates
which
they
did
in
the
Reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
agree
by
their
Compositions
to
serve
in
the
provisions
for
her
and
her
Royall
Family
,
or
if
raised
up
proportionably
unto
the
price
which
it
bears
in
the
Markets
and
Fairs
since
those
Tolls
were
first
set
and
imposed
(
which
must
needs
be
understood
to
have
a
greater
respect
to
the
value
then
the
numbers
;
)
or
what
they
have
been
enhaunced
since
the
24.
year
of
the
Reign
of
Henry
the
eighth
after
the
ounce
of
Silver
was
raised
to
five
shillings
,
when
a
pound
of
Mutton
was
by
Act
of
Parliament
not
to
be
sold
above
a
half
penny
farthing
;
and
in
Anno
34
of
Henry
the
eighth
,
[
(i)
](A54682-e44780-b)
(i)
Gervasius
Tilburiensis
in
Archizo
Fiscali
apud
Recept
.
Scacc●●ii
,
&
Spelman
gloss●r
.
in
verbo
Firma
.
secundum
constitut●m
modum
,
according
to
the
then
valuation
and
rate
set
at
no
greater
a
price
then
four
pence
(
so
great
a
difference
had
two
hundred
years
betwixt
that
and
the
Reign
of
King
Edward
the
second
made
in
the
rates
and
provisions
for
victuals
)
would
make
an
encrease
of
the
rates
for
Pickage
and
Stallage
,
and
for
Toll
as
much
or
more
after
no
greater
a
rate
then
twenty
shillings
for
a
fat
Mutton
(
which
is
now
often
exceeded
)
as
five
to
one
,
and
come
up
very
near
unto
the
pretended
loss
or
difference
in
serving
in
the
provisions
for
the
Kings
house
.
And
if
it
did
not
may
be
well
afforded
,
and
was
abundantly
recompenced
by
the
indulgence
of
his
Royall
Progenitors
King
John
and
King
Henry
the
third
his
Sonne
by
their
Magna
Charta
,
Agreement
,
or
Accord
made
with
their
then
powerfull
Barons
and
Church
men
,
and
a
discontented
and
seditious
Commonalty
(
since
reduced
into
Lawes
,
and
confirmed
by
thirty
Acts
of
Parliament
)
wherein
the
people
having
many
liberties
granted
them
by
those
Kings
the
great
Lords
Prelates
,
and
superior
part
of
the
Clergy
of
whom
they
held
,
which
they
could
not
then
claim
as
rights
,
but
were
to
be
received
as
favours
,
and
as
much
to
be
valued
as
their
pardon
and
indemnity
which
was
granted
unto
them
by
the
same
Charter
,
King
John
therein
promising
them
that
all
those
Customes
and
Liberties
[
(k)
](A54682-e44890-b)
(k)
Magna
Charta
Regis
Johannis
apud
Mat.
Paris
255.
&
256.
quantum
ad
se
pertinet
erga
suos
&
omnes
homines
de
regno
suo
tam
Laici
quam
Clerici
observent
quantum
ad
se
pertinet
erga
suos
,
as
much
as
belonged
to
him
he
would
observe
towards
all
men
,
and
that
all
as
well
Laick
as
spiritual
should
as
much
as
belonged
to
them
observe
them
towards
such
as
held
of
them
.
And
by
the
late
King
Charles
the
Martyr
who
took
but
one
hundred
pounds
for
the
Relief
of
an
Earldome
which
was
antiently
accompted
to
be
but
of
the
yearly
value
of
four
hundred
pounds
per
annum
,
H.
ca.
2.
four
thousand
pounds
per
annum
,
very
many
double
as
much
,
and
some
sixteen
or
twenty
thousand
pounds
per
annum
,
when
as
the
hundred
pounds
was
then
according
to
the
now
value
of
silver
above
three
hundred
pounds
.
And
to
disburse
in
houshold
provisions
according
to
the
difference
betwixt
the
rates
and
prises
of
victuals
as
they
were
in
the
Reign
of
King
Edward
the
second
,
which
was
above
80
years
after
the
granting
and
confirming
of
Magna
Charta
by
King
Henry
the
third
,
when
a
Capon
was
sold
for
two
pence
,
and
what
they
are
now
will
not
be
the
fourth
part
as
to
some
sort
of
provisions
and
victuals
,
and
as
to
others
not
the
sixteenth
of
that
hundred
pounds
for
the
Relief
of
an
Earldome
,
and
so
proportionably
in
other
reliefs
,
and
the
summe
of
five
pounds
for
the
relief
of
a
Knights
Fee
,
which
is
but
the
fourteenth
part
according
to
the
difference
betwixt
the
antient
and
then
value
of
the
lands
belonging
unto
a
Knights
Fee
,
now
estimated
but
at
three
hundred
pounds
per
annum
,
many
of
which
are
four
or
five
hundred
pounds
per
annum
,
and
others
of
a
greater
yearly
value
,
as
the
lands
are
lesser
or
more
improved
nearer
or
farther
distant
from
London
the
grand
Emporium
of
the
Trade
and
Commerce
of
the
Nation
,
and
the
residence
of
the
King
and
his
superior
Courts
of
Justice
.
Charta
H.
1
in
Mat.
Paris
240.
And
are
but
the
Antiqua
Relevia
,
antient
Reliefs
,
which
King
Henry
the
first
in
his
Charter
of
Liberties
granted
to
the
people
,
did
not
reduce
unto
any
certain
sums
,
but
ordered
to
be
justa
&
legitima
.
And
but
two
hundred
Marks
for
the
Relief
of
a
Marques
,
and
two
hundred
pounds
of
a
Duke
(
although
there
were
at
the
time
of
the
making
of
those
great
Charters
neither
Dukes
nor
Marquesses
in
England
,
or
any
such
Titles
in
being
)
and
one
hundred
pounds
for
the
relief
of
a
Baron
.
And
if
the
warres
had
not
hindred
him
from
those
and
other
his
dues
,
but
20
s.
for
every
Knights
fee
according
to
the
Statute
in
anno
3
E.
1.
towards
the
marriage
of
his
eldest
Daughter
,
and
making
his
eldest
Son
a
Knight
;
and
no
more
of
every
twenty
pounds
per
annum
in
Socage
.
Did
not
according
to
the
Equity
and
Preamble
of
the
Act
of
Parliament
de
anno
quinto
Eliz.
cap.
4.
which
in
regard
that
the
wages
and
allowances
limited
and
rated
in
former
Statutes
were
in
divers
places
too
small
,
and
not
answerable
to
that
time
,
respecting
the
advancement
of
prices
of
all
things
belonging
unto
Servants
and
Labourers
,
and
that
the
Law
could
not
conveniently
without
the
great
grief
and
burden
of
the
poor
Laborers
and
hired
men
be
put
in
execution
,
and
to
the
end
that
there
might
be
a
convenient
proportion
of
wages
in
the
times
of
scarcity
and
plenty
,
did
repeal
so
much
of
the
said
former
Statutes
as
concerning
the
working
,
and
wages
of
Servants
and
Labourers
,
and
enacted
that
the
wages
of
Artificers
Labourers
and
Servants
should
be
yearly
assessed
by
the
Justices
of
the
Peace
and
Magistrates
in
every
County
,
City
and
Town
Corporate
with
respect
to
the
plenty
and
scarcity
of
the
time
,
and
other
circumstances
necessary
to
be
considered
,
endeavour
to
raise
them
to
any
higher
sums
,
or
make
them
proportionable
to
the
present
values
of
lands
and
money
,
rates
and
prices
of
victuals
.
And
by
the
favour
of
his
now
Royal
Majesty
,
who
delighting
in
the
vestigiis
and
pathes
of
his
many
indulgent
and
Royall
Progenitors
,
though
his
own
very
great
wants
and
necessities
,
and
their
daily
importunities
might
have
advised
him
not
to
have
kept
the
road
of
his
Ancestors
liberality
and
bounty
,
but
to
reserve
some
kindness
for
himself
and
his
more
urgent
occasions
,
did
not
as
King
Henry
the
third
and
several
other
Kings
of
England
his
Successors
cause
his
Taxes
&
Assessements
by
Parliament
to
be
assessed
upon
oath
according
to
the
full
and
true
value
of
the
peoples
Estates
,
Mat.
Paris
380.
or
as
was
done
by
King
Edward
the
sixth
since
the
Statute
of
6
Ed.
3.
for
restraining
the
Parliament
aids
to
the
old
Taxation
upon
the
assistance
or
relief
then
so
called
,
given
unto
him
by
Parliament
,
and
make
enquiries
upon
oath
of
the
best
values
of
the
substance
of
such
as
were
to
pay
that
Relief
,
Dismes
and
Subsidies
▪
and
by
the
oaths
also
of
those
who
were
to
pay
them
▪
and
caused
some
to
be
sworn
to
value
clothes
to
the
end
that
the
King
might
receive
payment
of
Relief
for
every
cloth
;
or
as
Queen
Mary
did
,
cause
an
enquiry
to
be
made
upon
oath
of
the
value
of
the
goods
and
lands
of
such
as
were
lyable
to
the
payment
of
Fifteens
Dismes
and
Subsidies
in
the
2
,
3
,
4
,
and
5
,
years
of
her
Reign
:
But
in
his
Assessments
,
Aids
or
Subsidies
granted
by
Parliament
did
imitate
his
Royal
Father
King
Charles
the
first
,
who
took
and
received
all
his
Subsidies
at
two
shillings
eight
pence
in
the
pound
for
goods
and
moveables
,
and
four
shillings
for
lands
and
immoveables
,
(
with
defalcation
of
debts
,
Takes
and
receives
his
First-fruits
,
or
the
first
years
value
of
Bishopricks
,
Spiritual
Promotions
and
of
Benefices
not
under
ten
marks
per
annum
▪
and
Vicarages
not
under
ten
pounds
per
annum
,
(
since
treble
those
values
)
as
they
are
said
to
be
in
the
Kings
books
,
and
for
the
Tenths
of
their
Spirituall
Promotions
after
no
greater
a
rate
or
yearly
value
,
which
no
Act
of
Parliament
ever
obliged
him
to
doe
,
then
they
were
long
agoe
valued
,
with
some
very
small
encrease
or
raising
long
since
in
a
very
few
of
the
Bishopricks
(
but
in
many
,
as
Canterbury
,
York
,
Durham
,
Lincoln
,
Coventry
and
Lichfield
,
Exeter
,
Ely
,
Winchester
,
and
Norwich
,
much
abated
)
when
as
now
by
the
rise
of
mony
and
prises
they
are
greatly
different
from
what
they
then
we●e
,
and
are
of
some
of
those
Benefices
and
Spiritual
Promotions
,
but
the
eighth
or
tenth
,
and
of
many
but
the
twentieth
part
.
And
receives
his
prae-Fines
and
post-Fines
,
Licences
and
Pardons
of
Alienation
upon
Common
Assurances
at
less
then
a
tenth
,
and
many
times
less
then
a
twentieth
part
of
the
true
yearly
values
of
the
lands
or
rates
which
the
Law
(
ordering
the
compositions
to
be
upon
oath
)
intendeth
him
,
after
the
example
of
his
Royal
Father
,
who
permitted
the
yearly
value
of
lands
in
Capite
and
by
Knight-service
to
be
found
by
Juries
and
Inquisitions
at
the
tenth
part
of
the
now
true
yearly
value
,
when
as
by
oath
they
were
to
find
and
certifie
the
true
yearly
values
,
and
all
the
Lands
of
the
Kingdome
but
his
own
are
raised
and
improved
generally
ten
to
one
,
or
very
much
in
very
many
parts
,
and
particulars
thereof
more
then
what
they
were
two
hundred
years
last
past
in
or
about
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
sixth
,
when
as
the
errable
and
pasture
lands
which
are
now
in
Middlesex
let
at
fifteen
or
sixteen
shillings
per
annum
an
Acre
,
and
Meadow
commonly
at
forty
shillings
,
and
sometimes
at
three
pounds
the
Acre
;
were
in
Anno
1
Ed.
3.
at
a
farre
lesser
yearly
value
,
when
two
Toftes
of
Land
,
one
Mill
,
fifty
acres
of
Land
,
and
two
acres
of
Wood
in
Kentish
Town
near
London
was
of
no
greater
yearly
value
then
20
s.
and
3
d.
and
the
courser
sort
of
pasture
land
in
Essex
now
let
for
8
or
9
s.
the
Acre
,
and
Meadow
at
twenty
or
thirty
shillings
the
Acre
,
was
then
in
that
Countie
,
and
in
many
fertill
Counties
within
sixty
miles
(
and
farre
less
)
of
London
valued
but
at
eight
pence
per
annum
,
and
four
or
five
pence
the
Acre
errable
,
and
the
like
valuations
were
holden
in
licences
of
Mortmain
in
all
his
extents
or
values
of
lands
seised
for
taken
into
his
hands
.
Received
their
primer
seisins
at
the
like
small
yearly
rate
,
and
took
for
suing
out
of
Liveries
,
which
may
be
resembled
to
a
Copiholders
admittance
,
not
a
fifth
part
proportionably
to
what
is
now
paid
by
Copiholders
to
their
Lords
of
Manors
;
and
respites
of
homage
,
as
they
were
taxed
and
set
in
anno
primo
Jacobi
,
in
a
very
easie
manner
.
Did
not
in
the
valuation
of
Lands
and
Estates
,
as
some
Lords
of
Manors
have
been
known
to
doe
,
whereby
to
rack
and
oppress
the
Widdows
and
Fatherless
,
employ
some
Sycophants
or
Flatterers
of
the
Manor
to
over-value
them
,
or
have
some
Decoyes
in
the
assessing
of
Fines
to
seem
willing
to
pay
or
give
as
much
when
they
are
sure
to
have
a
good
part
of
it
privately
restored
unto
them
again
,
or
cause
their
poor
Tenants
to
be
misled
,
and
the
more
willingly
cozen
themselves
by
crediting
hard
and
erroneous
Surveyes
,
taking
Leases
of
their
Copihold
Estates
or
using
some
other
unwarrantable
and
oppressive
devices
,
worse
then
the
Pharisaicall
Committees
did
in
the
renting
of
lands
they
had
no
title
unto
,
when
they
did
put
men
to
box
one
another
by
overbidding
themselves
at
their
wickedly
improving
Boxes
.
But
did
according
to
his
Father
King
James
his
instructions
given
to
his
Councel
of
the
Court
of
Wards
in
the
assessing
of
Fines
for
the
Marriages
of
the
Wards
and
renting
of
their
Lands
(
which
too
many
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
and
other
of
his
Subjects
did
never
or
very
seldome
order
the
Stewards
of
their
Manors
to
doe
)
order
that
upon
considerations
which
might
happen
therein
either
by
reason
of
the
broken
estate
of
the
deceased
want
of
provision
for
his
wife
,
his
great
charge
of
children
unprovided
for
,
infirmity
or
tenderness
of
the
Heirs
,
incertainty
of
the
title
or
greatness
of
the
incumbrances
upon
the
Lands
,
they
should
have
liberty
as
those
or
the
like
considerations
,
should
offer
themselves
to
use
that
good
discretion
and
conscience
which
should
befit
in
mitigating
Fines
or
Rents
to
the
relief
of
such
necessities
.
Suffers
the
Fees
of
his
Chancery
and
Courts
of
Common-pleas
and
Kings-Bench
for
the
small
Seals
,
to
be
receved
;
Petit
Parliament
.
21
Ed.
3.
n.
43
as
they
were
in
the
Reign
of
King
Ed.
3.
and
the
Tenths
reserved
upon
the
Abby
and
Religious
lands
at
no
greater
an
yearly
value
then
they
were
in
the
later
end
of
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
eighth
,
when
they
were
first
granted
,
though
now
they
are
of
a
four
times
or
greater
yearly
value
.
The
Fees
of
the
Seals
of
Original
and
Judiciall
Writs
and
Process
in
Wales
,
as
they
[
(l)
](A54682-e46180-b)
(l)
34
H.
●
ca.
26.
were
in
the
34.
year
of
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
eighth
when
the
English
Courts
of
Justice
were
there
first
erected
;
takes
six
pence
a
piece
for
Capons
reserved
for
Rent
in
Queen
Elizabeths
time
;
the
issues
of
lands
forfeited
unto
him
upon
Writs
of
distringas
at
such
small
rates
as
six
shillings
eight
pence
upon
one
distringas
,
and
10
s.
at
another
,
which
the
Law
intendeth
to
be
the
profits
of
the
Lands
distrained
,
betwixt
the
Teste
and
the
return
of
the
Writs
,
which
would
have
amounted
unto
twenty
times
,
or
a
great
deal
more
,
and
receiveth
his
Fines
upon
Formedons
▪
and
othe
real
Actions
granted
and
issuing
out
of
the
Chancery
at
most
gentle
and
moderate
rates
,
his
Customes
inward
and
outward
at
easie
rates
proportionable
to
such
small
values
as
the
Merchants
advantage
to
themselves
shall
give
in
,
or
the
Officers
or
Commissioners
for
the
King
at
the
Custome-houses
shall
at
randome
and
without
view
think
to
be
a
favourable
and
easie
estimate
.
Some
single
ones
,
of
which
before
recited
undervaluations
,
besides
the
profits
of
the
Tolls
of
Fairs
and
Markets
if
rightly
and
justly
paid
according
to
the
true
improved
values
,
or
two
of
the
most
of
them
would
make
up
in
a
constant
Revenue
unto
him
a
great
deal
more
then
the
Compositions
for
his
Pourveyances
yearly
and
lately
amounted
unto
by
the
difference
betwixt
his
rates
or
prices
and
those
of
the
Market
.
A
due
consideration
whereof
if
there
were
nothing
else
to
put
in
the
Ballance
might
induce
the
Earls
,
Marquesses
and
Dukes
of
England
who
have
received
their
honors
and
dignities
from
his
Royal
Progenitors
,
to
permit
him
as
well
to
enjoy
his
Pourveyance
,
and
reasonable
support
&
maintenance
of
the
honor
of
himself
and
his
Royal
Family
,
as
they
doe
take
and
receive
of
him
their
Creation
monies
,
being
antiently
a
third
part
of
the
fines
and
profits
of
the
Counties
whereof
the
Earls
are
denominated
,
since
reduced
to
a
certain
and
yearly
sum
of
money
,
when
as
also
not
a
few
of
them
have
had
great
and
large
Revenues
given
them
by
his
Royal
Progenitors
to
uphold
and
sustein
their
Dignities
and
Honors
.
And
the
Bishops
whose
Bishopricks
and
Baronies
,
and
most
of
the
Revenues
belonging
unto
them
were
of
the
foundation
of
the
Kings
Royal
Ancestors
,
and
received
their
Investitures
▪
and
Temporalties
from
him
,
may
if
they
shall
think
the
Compsitions
for
Pourveyances
ought
not
to
be
charged
upon
the
Revenues
of
the
Holy
Church
,
and
that
of
the
Clergy
but
shall
claim
some
priviledges
and
exemptions
therein
,
be
pleased
to
remember
that
although
Simon
Islip
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
being
in
many
things
a
man
of
a
severe
life
and
discipline
,
did
write
his
Speculum
Regis
aforesaid
,
or
a
book
so
called
,
sharply
inveighing
against
the
Kings
Pourveyors
,
and
their
manner
of
taking
the
Pourveyance
without
money
or
due
payment
;
in
some
sence
and
feeling
probably
of
the
taking
of
it
from
the
Clergy
complained
of
by
them
in
the
Parliament
of
18
of
Edward
the
third
,
they
being
no
longer
before
exempted
from
it
(
some
only
as
the
Abbot
of
Battel
and
others
specially
priviledged
excepted
)
then
the
first
year
of
the
Reign
of
that
King
,
Charta
Gulielmi
Conquestori●
in
notis
Seldeni
ad
Hist.
Edmeri
who
as
Matthew
Parker
in
the
life
of
Walter
Reynold
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
mentioneth
,
being
very
well
pleased
with
the
Clergy
for
so
freely
contributing
to
his
Warres
;
did
in
Parliament
not
only
restore
unto
them
vetera
&
antiquissima
privilegia
Ecclesiae
Anglicanae
,
the
old
and
antient
Rights
of
the
Church
of
England
(
which
by
Magna
Charta
could
as
to
Cart●
taking
claim
but
the
same
freedom
which
those
did
who
held
by
Knight
service
,
viz.
that
their
own
Carts
used
in
their
Demeasnes
should
not
be
taken
for
the
Kings
use
)
but
de
novis
auxit
(
i.
e.
)
de
non
exigendis
a
Clero
in
regis
hospitium
esculentis
poculentis
,
vecturis
&
similibus
,
gave
them
new
priviledges
,
that
is
to
say
,
to
be
freed
from
furnishing
of
Carts
and
provisions
of
victuals
for
the
Kings
Houshold
.
Yet
he
and
all
other
the
Bishops
of
England
could
at
the
same
time
(
and
their
Successors
after
them
do
unto
this
day
justly
and
lawfully
)
take
&
receive
in
their
Visitations
once
every
3
years
a
certain
Rate
or
Tax
set
upon
every
Benefice
propter
hospitium
towards
the
charge
of
their
expences
,
house
keeping
and
victuals
,
which
,
saith
[
(m)
](A54682-e46570-b)
(m)
Stephens
discourse
of
Procurations
,
Synodals
,
&c.
44.
Mr.
Stephens
in
his
learned
and
judicious
Treatise
of
Procurations
and
Synodals
,
are
Perquisites
or
Profits
of
their
Spiritual
Jurisdictions
,
as
creation
money
given
to
a
Duke
or
Earl
for
the
maintenance
of
his
honour
,
and
by
reason
of
the
great
Trains
&
Attendance
of
Bishops
heretofore
with
one
hundred
or
two
hundred
men
and
horses
at
a
time
,
some
of
the
Visitors
carrying
Hounds
and
Hawks
with
them
,
and
sparing
not
the
exempt
and
priviledged
placed
,
it
grew
to
be
so
excessive
as
interdum
Ecclesiastica
ornamenta
subditi
exponere
tenebantur
,
the
poor
Clergy
were
enforced
to
make
provision
for
them
,
by
selling
their
Church
plate
and
ornaments
;
and
it
was
therefore
by
a
Constitution
of
Boniface
the
eighth
,
about
the
year
1295.
ordained
that
the
Archbishops
should
be
limited
unto
40
or
50
men
and
horses
,
the
Bishops
to
20
or
30
,
the
Cardinals
unto
25
,
and
the
Arch-Deacons
unto
5
or
7
,
and
they
were
prohibited
to
carry
Hounds
and
Hawks
along
with
them
;
and
that
also
bringing
but
little
ease
to
the
inferiour
Clergie
(
saith
[
(n)
](A54682-e46660-b)
(n)
Stephens
Ibidem
13.
Mr.
Stephens
)
because
when
victuals
were
not
furnished
they
being
left
unlimited
in
Compositions
or
summes
of
money
to
be
taken
in
lieu
or
recompence
thereof
,
broke
down
the
doors
of
Monasteries
and
Churches
,
taking
where
they
were
denied
what
they
could
lay
their
hands
on
,
which
caused
the
Councell
of
Vienna
in
the
year
1311.
to
declaim
against
and
prohibit
such
doings
,
which
being
not
redressed
might
have
put
Simon
Istip
in
mind
who
was
betwixt
that
and
1349.
when
he
was
elected
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
in
almost
the
zenith
and
heighth
of
his
preferment
,
as
Councellor
and
Secretary
to
King
Edward
the
third
,
and
Keeper
of
the
Privy
Seal
,
to
have
written
as
well
against
the
abuse
of
Visitations
and
Procurations
,
if
the
Book
which
I
have
not
seen
,
and
is
only
to
be
found
in
Sir
Robert
Cottons
excellently
well
furnished
library
,
do
not
(
as
I
could
never
understand
it
did
)
mention
them
,
as
against
the
abuses
in
the
maner
of
making
the
Kings
Pourveyances
.
But
was
the
cause
howsoever
that
Pope
Benedict
the
twelfth
,
about
the
year
1337.
which
was
the
eleventh
year
of
the
Reign
of
King
Ed.
3.
did
make
a
Canon
or
Constitution
to
settle
a
proportionable
rate
of
mony
to
be
paid
in
lieu
of
victuals
or
provisions
out
of
all
Churches
,
Monasteries
,
and
Religious
Houses
not
exempted
,
and
where
custome
and
the
smalness
of
the
Benefices
have
not
lessened
it
,
was
,
as
Lindewood
saith
in
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
fifth
of
and
out
of
every
Benefice
for
the
Arch-Deacons
procuration
no
less
then
seven
shillings
and
six
pence
,
which
was
for
each
man
attending
him
twelve
pence
towards
the
defraying
of
his
charges
(
being
then
a
great
ordinary
)
and
eighteen
pence
for
the
Arch-deacon
himself
,
as
well
when
they
did
visit
as
when
they
did
not
.
And
even
Simon
Islip
himself
whilest
he
was
so
busie
about
other
mens
failings
was
not
without
some
of
his
own
,
nor
was
so
great
a
friend
to
Justice
in
every
part
of
it
,
or
in
his
own
particular
as
he
might
have
been
;
for
when
he
had
been
(
as
Matthew
Parker
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
one
of
his
reverend
and
worthy
Successors
,
in
the
Reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
recordeth
it
)
at
some
extraordinary
charges
in
repairing
of
his
Manor
house
at
Wrotham
in
Kent
,
and
obtained
a
Licence
from
the
Pope
to
tax
all
the
Clergie
of
his
Province
at
a
great
in
every
twenty
marks
towards
his
expences
therein
,
the
Collectors
did
(
probably
by
his
privity
)
so
order
it
,
that
they
gathered
a
Tenth
;
which
being
complained
of
could
never
be
refunded
:
And
if
he
and
his
Successors
had
not
continued
the
custome
of
their
Procurations
and
other
profits
raised
from
the
Clergy
towards
their
more
honourable
and
necessary
support
,
would
have
been
blamed
as
much
as
he
was
by
[
(o)
](A54682-e46940-b)
(o)
Mat.
Parker
Antiquitates
Britannicae
244.348
.
Matthew
Parker
and
others
long
before
his
time
with
a
malè
audivit
,
for
releasing
to
the
Earl
of
Arundel
for
240
marks
the
yearly
payment
of
26
red
and
fallow
Deer
in
their
seasons
to
the
Arcbishops
of
Canterbury
.
Who
as
well
as
other
Bishops
can
take
and
receive
Subsidium
Cathedraticum
,
which
is
a
duty
of
prerogative
and
superiority
,
Quarta
Episcopalis
,
which
is
given
to
them
for
the
reparation
of
Churches
,
which
if
the
Cathedrals
be
not
intended
thereby
is
not
bestowed
upon
the
Parochiall
Churches
,
which
the
Rectors
and
Parishioners
are
now
only
charged
with
.
Doe
continue
their
taking
also
of
Proxies
,
being
an
exhibition
towards
their
charges
for
their
visitation
of
Religious
houses
,
since
dissolved
,
and
not
now
at
all
in
being
,
and
permit
their
Arch-Deacons
in
some
Dioceses
to
receive
their
Pentecostalia
or
Whitsun
farthings
for
every
Family
yet
used
and
taken
by
the
Bishops
&
Arch-Deacons
of
the
Diocesses
of
Worcester
and
Gloucester
,
&
be
well
pleased
with
some
good
Benefices
many
times
allowed
them
in
Commendam
to
make
out
and
help
the
inequality
of
the
Revenues
of
some
of
their
Bishopricks
,
with
the
greater
charges
and
expence
of
their
spirituall
dignities
.
And
their
middle
sort
of
Clergie
can
be
well
content
to
e●ke
and
piece
out
their
Benefices
with
the
comfort
of
the
Lands
belonging
to
a
Deanery
,
Prebenda
or
Prebendship
of
Lands
and
other
Revenues
annexed
to
the
Cathedrals
,
many
if
not
most
of
which
with
the
Deanerles
and
Prebendships
thereunto
belonging
(
as
the
Deanerie
and
twelve
Prebends
of
Westminster
by
[
(p)
](A54682-e47170-b)
(p)
Camde●
1.
part
.
Annales
of
Queen
Elizabeth
in
Anno
1560.
Queen
Elizabeth
)
were
of
the
foundation
and
gift
of
the
Kings
Royal
Progenitors
.
Which
comfortable
and
necessary
supports
of
our
Bishops
administred
by
their
Clergie
,
are
ex
antiquo
,
and
long
agoe
resembled
by
some
or
the
like
usages
in
Ireland
,
where
the
Coloni
or
Aldiones
,
such
as
hold
in
Socage
of
the
Irish
Bishops
,
did
besides
their
Rents
and
Tributes
erga
reparationes
Matricis
Ecclesiae
quidpiam
conferre
,
give
something
(
yearly
)
towards
the
reparation
of
the
Cathedral
or
Mother
Churches
,
and
the
[
(p)
](A54682-e47280-b)
(p)
Spelman
in
voce
Heren●ciis
.
Herenaci
another
sort
of
Tenants
so
called
,
did
besides
their
annual
rent
cibarià
quaedam
Episcopo
exhibere
,
bring
to
the
Bishop
certain
provisions
for
his
Houshold
(
which
was
very
frequent
with
the
Tenants
of
Lands
holden
of
our
English
Abbies
and
Religious
Houses
)
&
by
an
inquisition
in
the
County
of
Tirone
in
anno
1608.
it
was
by
a
Jury
presented
upon
oath
that
there
were
quidam
Clerici
sive
homines
literati
qui
vocentur
Herinaci
,
certain
learned
men
of
the
Clergy
who
were
called
Herinaci
&
ab
antiquo
seisiti
fuerunt
,
&c.
And
anciently
were
seised
of
certain
lands
which
did
pay
to
the
Arch-bishop
or
Bishop
of
the
Diocess
quoddam
charitativum
subsidium
refectiones
&
pensiones
annuales
secundum
quantitatem
terrae
&
consuetudinem
patriae
,
a
dutifull
and
loving
aid
,
and
some
provisions
and
pensions
according
to
the
quantity
of
their
lands
and
custome
of
their
Country
,
and
the
grants
of
such
lands
as
appeareth
by
a
Deed
of
the
Dean
and
Chapter
of
Armach
in
Anno
Domini
1365.
to
Arthur
and
William
Mac
Brin
for
their
lives
,
and
the
longer
liver
of
them
at
the
yearly
rent
of
a
mark
and
eight
pence
sterling
una
cum
aliis
oneribus
&
servitiis
inde
debitis
&
consuetis
,
with
all
other
charges
and
services
due
and
accustomed
had
in
them
sometimes
a
condition
of
quam
diu
grati
fuerint
&
obedientes
,
so
long
as
they
should
be
gratefull
and
obedient
unto
them
.
Wherefore
the
Barons
,
Nobility
and
Gentry
of
England
who
did
lately
enjoy
those
beneficiall
Tenures
by
Knight-service
(
now
unhappily
as
the
consequence
and
greater
charges
and
burdens
upon
the
people
will
evidence
,
converted
as
much
as
an
Act
of
Parliament
in
the
twelfth
year
of
the
Reign
of
his
Majesty
that
now
is
can
doe
it
into
Socage
)
which
were
at
the
first
only
given
for
service
and
assistance
of
their
King
and
Country
and
their
mesne
Lords
in
relation
thereunto
,
and
have
besides
the
before
recited
conditions
many
a
beneficiall
custome
and
usage
annexed
and
fixed
unto
them
,
and
at
the
dissolution
of
the
Abbies
and
Religious
Houses
had
much
of
the
Lands
given
and
granted
unto
them
and
their
Heirs
in
tail
,
or
otherwise
with
a
reservation
of
a
Tenth
,
now
a
great
deal
below
the
value
,
can
doe
no
less
in
the
contemplation
of
their
honours
,
dignities
and
priviledges
received
from
them
,
and
many
great
favours
continued
unto
their
Heirs
and
Successors
from
Generation
to
Generation
,
then
doe
that
in
the
matter
of
Praeemption
,
Pourveyance
or
Contribution
towards
the
Composition
or
serving
in
of
victuals
or
Provision
for
his
Majesties
Royal
Houshold
,
and
the
honor
of
his
House
and
Kingdome
,
which
their
Ancestors
did
never
deny
.
The
Lord
Maiors
of
London
who
doe
take
and
re-receive
yearly
a
payment
or
Tribute
called
Ale-silver
,
and
the
Citizens
of
London
who
doe
claim
and
enjoy
by
the
Kings
Grants
,
Charters
,
or
Confirmations
a
freedom
from
all
●olls
&
Lastage
throughout
England
,
besides
many
other
large
priviledges
and
immunities
,
and
the
Merchants
of
England
,
and
such
as
trade
and
trauell
through
his
Ports
,
and
over
his
Seas
into
forrain
parts
and
are
not
denied
their
Bills
of
Store
to
free
their
Trunks
,
and
wearing
Clothes
and
other
necessaries
imported
or
exported
from
paying
any
Custome
and
other
duties
,
which
with
many
other
things
disguised
and
made
Custome-free
under
those
pretences
for
which
the
Farmers
of
the
Customes
have
usually
had
yearly
allowances
and
defalcations
would
amount
unto
a
great
part
of
the
peoples
pretended
damage
by
the
compositions
for
Royall
Pourveyance
,
should
not
trouble
themselves
with
any
complaints
or
calculations
of
it
,
when
as
both
Citizens
and
Merchants
can
derive
their
more
then
formerly
great
increase
of
trade
and
riches
from
no
other
cause
or
fountain
then
the
almost
constant
●esidence
of
the
King
and
Courts
of
Justice
in
or
near
London
,
and
the
many
great
priviledges
granted
unto
them
and
obtained
for
them
by
the
Kings
and
Queens
of
England
.
The
Tenants
in
ancient
Demeasne
claiming
to
be
free
from
the
payment
of
Tolls
for
their
own
houshold
provisions
,
and
from
contribution
unto
all
wages
assessed
towards
the
expences
of
the
Knights
of
the
Shires
,
or
Burgesses
sent
unto
the
Parliament
,
which
[
(r)
](A54682-e47650-b)
(r)
Comment.
in
Artic.
super
Chartas
542
,
543.
Sir
Edward
Coke
believes
was
in
regard
of
their
helping
to
furnish
the
Kings
Houshold
provisions
,
though
since
granted
to
other
persons
,
and
their
services
turned
into
small
rents
now
much
below
what
they
would
amount
unto
,
and
many
Towns
and
Corporations
of
the
Kingdome
,
[
(s)
](A54682-e47680-b)
(s)
Vide
Act
for
Subsidies
in
Anno
4
Car.
1.
the
Resiants
in
the
Cinque
Ports
and
Romney
Marsh
,
Universities
of
Oxford
and
Cambridge
,
and
the
Colledges
and
Halls
therein
,
and
the
Colledges
of
Winton
and
Eaton
claiming
to
be
acquitted
from
the
payment
of
Subsidies
by
antient
Exemptions
,
may
be
willing
to
pay
or
bear
as
much
as
comes
to
their
share
in
that
one
of
the
smallest
parts
of
duty
which
is
not
to
be
refused
by
such
as
will
fear
God
and
honour
the
King
.
And
all
the
Subjects
of
England
who
enjoy
their
Common
of
Estovers
in
many
of
the
Kings
Woods
or
Forrests
,
Pannage
or
feeding
of
Swine
with
Acorns
,
or
fetching
of
Ferne
from
thence
,
Priviledges
of
Deafforrestations
,
Assart
lands
,
Pourlieus
,
and
Browse
wood
,
and
have
Common
of
Vicinage
,
and
Common
appendant
not
only
therein
,
but
in
most
of
his
Manors
by
a
continuance
or
custome
of
the
charity
,
or
pitty
of
his
Royal
Progenitors
,
and
where
they
have
no
grant
to
produce
for
those
and
many
other
favours
will
for
refuge
,
and
to
be
sure
not
to
part
with
it
,
fly
to
praescription
and
time
beyond
the
memory
of
man
;
and
suppose
that
there
was
a
grant
thereof
,
because
that
possibly
there
might
have
been
one
,
should
not
think
much
to
let
him
pertake
of
some
of
their
thanks
and
retributions
,
which
will
not
amount
to
one
in
every
twenty
for
all
the
benefits
which
they
have
received
of
his
Royal
Ancestors
,
or
doe
yearly
receive
of
him
.
Nor
should
forget
that
God
Almighty
the
maker
of
heaven
and
earth
,
giver
of
all
good
things
,
and
bestower
of
blessings
,
who
fed
his
people
of
Israel
with
Quails
in
the
Wilderness
where
none
were
bred
,
Manna
where
none
was
either
before
or
since
,
and
made
the
Rocks
to
yeild
water
,
did
in
his
Theocraty
or
Government
of
them
by
his
Laws
and
Edicts
written
by
his
own
finger
,
or
spoken
by
his
own
mouth
,
give
all
the
Nations
of
the
Earth
a
pattern
or
direction
for
Pourveyance
and
gratefull
acknowledgements
in
his
reserving
the
Tenths
or
Tithes
for
his
Priests
or
Clergy
,
notwithstanding
their
Glebe
,
being
to
be
cut
off
from
his
people
;
their
Offerings
and
Free-gifts
and
First-fruits
,
and
that
which
was
brought
by
Gods
direction
as
a
Pourveyance
for
the
building
of
the
Tabernacle
,
which
was
then
the
only
Church
.
Which
our
fore-fathers
the
Britans
as
well
as
the
Saxons
had
so
good
a
mind
to
imitate
as
they
did
in
the
Feast
of
St.
Martin
,
Fleta
lib.
8.
ca.
47.
Spelman
glossar
.
in
voce
Ciricksceat
.
yearly
offer
to
the
Church
for
their
Ciricksceat
,
or
contributions
to
the
Church
,
certam
mensuram
bladi
Tritici
,
a
certain
measure
or
quantity
of
wheat
,
and
at
Christmas
,
gallos
&
gallinas
Hens
and
Cocks
,
which
in
a
Synode
or
Councell
holden
in
Anno
1009.
at
Aenham
in
England
,
were
interpreted
to
be
Ecclesiastica
munera
,
contributions
to
the
Church
,
and
long
before
that
established
by
a
Law
of
King
Ina's
under
a
great
penalty
,
Inae
LL.
ca.
4.
Canuti
LL.
ca.
10.
and
by
a
Law
of
Canutus
long
after
laid
under
a
greater
penalty
of
eleven
times
the
value
of
the
Bishop
,
and
two
hundred
and
twenty
shillings
(
then
a
very
great
summe
)
to
the
King
.
And
it
may
be
remembred
that
our
Saviour
the
blessed
Son
of
God
whilest
he
was
upon
Earth
,
and
was
the
Messiah
or
King
of
Israel
long
before
prophecied
,
and
to
ride
as
a
King
in
a
kind
of
triumph
into
Jerusalem
,
the
Lord
hath
need
of
him
,
and
streight
way
he
will
send
him
hither
;
which
a
learned
Commentator
upon
that
place
understands
to
be
some
exercise
of
a
Kingly
power
to
convince
the
stubborn
Jews
of
his
Kingly
office
.
But
if
the
Royall
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
shall
be
so
unhappy
as
not
to
be
able
to
grow
or
prosper
upon
the
Stocks
of
gratitude
,
or
those
every
daies
benefits
,
quae
magna
accipientibus
ac
etiam
dantibus
,
which
are
great
to
the
receivers
if
rightly
valued
,
and
great
and
costly
to
the
givers
,
which
the
people
of
this
might
be
fortunate
Island
have
for
those
many
ages
and
hundreds
of
years
past
had
and
received
of
the
Kings
and
Monarchs
thereof
.
The
contracts
and
agreements
made
with
the
several
Counties
for
the
Pourveyances
&
their
willing
submission
thereunto
if
the
King
had
no
former
right
(
as
he
had
a
sufficient
one
)
thereunto
,
can
no
less
then
induce
an
Obligation
,
Bracton
de
actionibus
ca.
2.
&
Oldendorpius
in
locis
communibus
Actionum
Juris
Civilis
9.
&
11.
&
that
naturalem
rationem
&
honestatem
naturalem
juris
&
fidei
vinculum
quibus
necessitate
omnes
astringuntur
,
natural
reason
and
honesty
with
the
Bonds
and
Tyes
of
the
Law
and
common
faith
which
ought
to
be
in
every
man
,
and
one
unto
another
;
And
being
the
great
Peacemakers
,
cement
and
quiet
,
if
observed
as
they
ought
to
be
,
in
all
the
affairs
of
mankind
,
brings
with
them
,
or
are
to
enforce
a
necessity
of
performance
.
But
if
the
obligations
which
the
faith
and
contracts
of
one
man
to
and
with
another
,
which
generally
binds
the
most
rude
and
ignorant
of
mankind
,
and
the
Heathen
as
well
as
Christian
shall
not
be
able
to
make
any
impression
upon
us
.
Or
if
Gratitudes
,
Duties
and
Retributions
to
our
King
and
Common
Parent
can
by
any
rules
of
Law
or
Reason
be
interpreted
or
understood
to
be
no
more
then
a
Custome
.
All
the
subordinate
ranks
and
degrees
of
the
People
and
Subjects
of
England
might
be
perswaded
to
follow
the
counsel
given
by
the
blessed
Redeemer
of
Mankind
,
which
the
Emperor
Severus
and
some
of
the
Heathen
Roman
Emperors
by
the
only
light
of
nature
could
,
as
if
they
had
read
his
Gospels
,
propose
afterwards
almost
in
the
very
same
words
of
Doe
unto
others
as
they
would
have
others
doe
unto
them
,
and
believe
that
the
legall
priviledges
and
customes
of
the
King
in
his
Praeemption
,
Pourveyance
,
or
Composition
for
his
Houshold
(
who
gave
or
confirmed
unto
them
all
their
Priviledges
and
Customes
)
being
rationabiles
,
Glos.
in
ve●b
.
usque
ab
hoc
tempus
c.
servi●tium
18
q.
2.
and
by
the
Civil
Law
are
unde●stood
to
be
legitime
praescriptae
,
most
reasonable
and
lawfully
prescribed
or
used
,
when
they
are
bona
fide
and
but
for
forty
years
,
and
ought
to
be
inviolabiles
quia
nec
divino
juri
,
nec
legibus
naturae
&
Gentium
sive
municipalibus
contradicunt
,
inviolable
when
they
contradict
not
the
Laws
of
God
,
Nature
and
Nations
,
and
the
Laws
of
the
Land
,
neither
are
nor
can
be
any
grievance
,
but
are
justly
due
unto
him
as
he
is
their
Supreme
,
when
as
it
was
well
said
by
Judge
Barkeley
in
his
Argument
in
the
Exchequer
Chamber
in
the
Case
of
the
Ship-money
unhappily
there
put
to
a
dispute
,
the
whole
Realm
is
but
one
body
(
whereof
the
King
is
the
head
)
and
all
the
Members
doe
center
in
that
body
)
and
if
one
member
(
epecially
the
head
do
suffer
)
all
the
rest
will
suffer
with
him
;
and
though
every
man
hath
an
Interest
in
the
Common-wealth
,
yet
the
Kings
Interest
is
incomparable
and
beyond
all
others
.
And
the
Compositions
for
the
Pourveyance
,
being
not
only
a
duty
and
a
custome
now
above
88.
years
reckoned
but
from
the
3.
year
of
the
reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
A●ciat
.
lib
5.
a●●ust
.
will
yeild
no
less
a
Totall
of
years
then
one
hundred
,
which
is
justly
accompted
to
be
a
time
immemoriall
or
beyond
the
memory
of
man
,
and
makes
a
more
warrantable
prescription
and
ground
of
Title
then
that
in
King
Henry
the
seconds
Reign
tempore
Henrici
Regis
Avi
,
in
the
time
of
King
Henry
the
first
his
Grandfather
,
or
post
coronationem
suam
,
after
his
own
coronation
,
or
post
ultimam
transfretationem
in
Normanniam
,
after
his
last
going
over
into
Normandy
,
or
that
in
Henry
the
thirds
time
,
post
ultimam
transfretationem
in
Britanniam
;
or
that
time
of
Limitation
by
the
Statute
of
32
H.
8.
ca.
2.
of
50
years
,
for
bringing
of
Writs
of
Right
and
Formedons
,
&c.
And
in
the
Kings
case
,
being
a
greater
Epocha
,
period
,
or
account
of
time
▪
must
needs
be
the
best
of
Prescriptions
and
the
greatest
of
Customes
,
because
it
was
not
gained
as
most
of
the
peoples
Customs
or
Prescriptions
were
,
the
best
of
which
had
no
other
originall
then
the
continuance
of
favours
of
those
that
bestowed
and
permitted
them
to
be
enjoyed
,
or
a
neglect
of
taking
or
calling
for
duties
untill
time
had
over-run
and
covered
them
with
that
which
is
now
called
a
Custome
or
Prescription
,
but
were
established
by
a
threefold
obligation
composed
of
a
Right
or
Duty
,
a
very
antient
Custome
backt
by
the
Lawes
of
God
,
Nature
and
Nations
,
and
a
Contract
,
made
and
continued
by
the
people
to
their
King
,
built
upon
the
best
and
greatest
of
considerations
,
which
the
Prophet
David
in
the
15
Psalm
,
if
it
had
not
been
beneficiall
,
but
to
some
loss
or
damage
,
adviseth
not
to
be
broken
.
And
merited
the
bettter
observance
,
in
that
Queen
Elizabeth
did
but
the
year
before
call
into
her
Mint
and
reduce
unto
pure
silver
the
monies
which
her
Father
King
Henry
the
eighth
had
so
much
debased
with
a
mixture
of
brass
,
as
it
was
scarcely
half
the
value
in
silver
,
which
made
the
price
of
commodities
so
much
or
a
great
deal
the
dearer
,
Elizabeth
in
Anno
1560.
and
by
her
Edicts
did
all
she
could
to
bring
down
the
prices
in
the
Markets
,
which
then
began
to
swell
more
then
there
was
any
cause
for
,
and
in
her
composition
and
agreement
with
many
or
most
of
the
Counties
of
England
and
Wales
the
next
year
after
,
did
but
accept
of
what
then
they
understood
might
,
as
the
learned
and
judicious
Mr.
Camden
hath
informed
us
,
justo
pretio
,
at
a
reasonable
or
Market
rate
be
,
well
afforded
.
And
the
Lords
of
Manors
who
according
to
the
several
customes
thereof
think
it
not
unreasonable
to
enjoy
their
Chevagia
or
Chiefage
,
which
Cowel
takes
to
be
pecunia
Annu●
data
potentiori
tutelae
patrociniique
gratia
,
a
small
yearly
payment
paid
by
Tenants
as
acknowledgments
,
for
favours
and
help
received
,
or
to
be
received
,
and
take
their
reliefs
of
their
Tenants
in
Socage
,
in
some
places
by
custome
a
years
value
,
and
in
some
but
half
as
much
,
and
in
others
more
according
as
their
customes
vary
,
the
least
of
which
in
value
of
money
doth
twice
exceed
what
it
amounted
unto
formerly
,
&
enjoy
their
Free
Warrens
and
Fishings
,
with
many
other
Priviledges
and
immunities
by
Grant
or
Prescription
,
and
with
the
Yeomanry
,
and
lower
ranks
of
people
,
can
be
content
to
claim
the
benefit
of
their
Customes
de
non
decimando
,
of
paying
no
Tythes
at
all
for
Lands
formerly
belonging
to
the
Cistercians
,
Knights
Templers
,
Hospitlers
,
or
Knights
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
,
or
of
a
modus
decimandi
,
of
paying
but
a
penny
or
some
little
yearly
summe
of
money
in
lieu
of
all
Tithes
,
and
make
an
inheritance
of
the
greatest
part
of
3845
Impropriations
with
the
Smoke-pennies
,
or
Peter
or
Chimney
pence
,
Roger
Twisdens
Vindication
of
the
Church
of
England
77.
which
being
formerly
paid
unto
some
Abbies
and
Religious
Houses
,
and
coming
afterwards
to
the
Crown
in
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
eight
,
and
granted
out
again
by
him
,
are
in
many
places
as
Appendants
unto
some
Manors
paid
unto
this
day
;
And
think
it
no
grievance
to
enjoy
them
and
many
other
priviledges
,
which
wereby
Grants
,
or
Exemptions
by
Papal
Constitutions
,
designed
to
Religious
and
not
any
Lay
uses
.
And
the
customary
services
of
their
Tenants
,
to
repair
wayes
and
Bridges
,
contribute
to
the
maintenance
of
a
Priest
or
Preacher
,
or
to
the
marriage
of
poor
Maids
,
or
to
carry
Milstones
some
miles
distant
to
their
Milnes
,
to
doe
suit
of
Court
,
or
be
Butler
,
Baker
,
or
Carver
at
some
Festivals
,
and
can
notwithstanding
all
the
sometimes
tedious
Suits
in
Law
of
their
Tenants
,
who
hold
by
Fines
incertain
,
and
their
complaints
cram'd
in
a
great
purse
made
of
many
little
ones
,
attended
with
staves
and
ill-smelling
shoes
and
feet
,
travailing
for
relief
to
Westminster
Hall
,
and
the
superior
Courts
of
Justice
,
with
store
of
out-cries
of
grievances
and
oppressions
,
filling
every
Alehouse
they
come
in
with
the
lamentable
tediously
told
stories
of
that
which
they
doe
many
times
but
guess
to
be
like
them
,
raise
their
Fines
for
admittances
unto
two
years
present
value
,
which
amounts
unto
sixteen
or
twenty
times
as
much
as
the
antient
value
and
demand
,
and
take
ten
or
thirteen
shillings
an
Acre
to
reduce
the
Fines
incertain
to
a
smaller
certainty
.
Can
take
the
Optimum
Animal
,
Cumberland
,
Westmerland
,
and
some
adjacent
Northern
Counties
compel
them
,
besides
their
formerly
perilous
enjoyned
services
annexed
to
their
Lands
,
to
be
ready
night
or
day
to
repell
the
incursions
of
their
plundering
and
unruly
Scottish
Neighbours
,
to
pay
a
thirtieth
penny
after
the
rate
or
assise
of
their
old
rents
upon
every
Alienation
,
and
a
twentieth
upon
the
death
or
change
of
a
Landlord
,
which
were
formerly
more
easie
,
and
have
been
since
only
raised
to
those
higher
rates
in
regard
of
a
greater
value
since
put
upon
lands
,
houshold
provisions
and
commodities
,
should
not
murmur
at
the
small
oblations
which
in
no
burdensome
,
great
,
or
general
contributions
are
to
be
made
unto
the
King
for
the
maintenance
of
himself
and
his
Royal
Family
.
And
the
Copiholders
who
can
when
they
please
think
themselves
happy
in
their
customes
of
Fines
certain
,
which
patientia
&
charitate
in
jus
transi●runt
,
crept
by
the
charity
and
sufferance
of
their
Landlords
into
that
which
they
doe
now
call
Tenant
rights
,
when
as
the
lands
which
they
do
now
hold
is
in
the
improved
yearly
value
ten
or
sixteen
or
twenty
times
,
in
many
places
more
then
the
former
yearly
value
,
and
are
by
so
much
beyond
the
intention
either
of
the
Lords
or
Tenants
,
the
Grantors
or
Grantees
when
those
Fines
certain
were
at
the
first
set
or
accepted
,
and
in
those
Tenant
Rights
,
as
they
call
them
,
and
many
of
their
Customes
,
have
in
many
places
large
Pastures
and
Meadows
of
many
Acres
yearly
thrown
out
at
Midsummer
,
or
the
first
day
of
August
,
or
some
other
time
in
the
Summer
,
or
latter
end
thereof
,
for
a
Township
to
inter
Common
for
three
quarters
of
every
year
,
or
some
months
,
and
in
some
places
have
Common
belonging
to
their
Copyholds
,
for
paying
to
the
Lord
of
the
Manor
yearly
(
as
in
Grayes
Case
in
Hil.
37
Eliz.
a
hen
&
five
eggs
,
ne
injuste
vexes
,
Fitz.
He●bert
:
brief
de
droir
▪
patent
.
N.
●
.
B
▪
&
Register
of
Writs
.
seising
them
if
they
did
not
do
Justice
,
causing
their
Lands
to
be
seised
for
not
holding
of
their
Courts
,
or
for
wrongful
proceedings
,
or
requiring
unreasonable
rents
&
services
,
taking
unreasonable
Amerciaments
&
the
like
,
&
gives
remedies
by
his
Courts
of
Chancery
,
Common-Pleas
,
Kings-Bench
&
Exchequer
,
to
any
unreasonable
exactions
or
hard-heartedness
of
their
Landlords
,
&
those
Acquittances
and
Freedoms
which
the
King
,
and
his
most
illustrious
Progenitors
have
given
many
of
the
people
of
England
to
be
free
,
de
omni
praestatione
,
of
furnishing
Corn
,
Lamb
,
and
Wooll
,
to
the
use
of
the
Forresters
of
Buckstall
,
or
assisting
them
in
the
Chase
when
the
King
comes
to
hunt
;
or
of
Tristris
,
to
hold
Grey-hounds
;
or
of
Sumage
,
or
carriages
by
Horse
or
Carts
;
or
Chiminage
,
for
travelling
through
the
Forrests
;
But
if
neither
gratitude
for
benefits
and
favours
recieved
in
particular
by
every
Family
,
Kindred
&
Generation
,
in
the
Nation
,
one
time
with
another
,
from
the
King
,
or
his
Royal
Progenitors
,
immediately
or
mediatly
,
nor
contracts
nor
customs
can
oblige
or
perswade
to
that
small
part
of
Subjects
duty
in
the
Praeemption
,
or
royal
Pourveyance
,
or
compositions
for
it
,
which
Oliver
,
&
his
Complices
,
the
Contrivers
of
much
of
our
late
sins
,
shame
,
and
misery
,
taught
them
by
a
strange
mistaking
,
to
call
a
burden
or
grievance
.
They
should
not
deny
them
as
retributions
&
oblations
which
they
are
to
make
unto
their
King
(
if
he
,
or
his
royal
Ancestors
,
had
not
in
every
age
&
Kings
reign
given
them
any
honours
,
dignities
,
estates
,
lands
,
liberties
,
or
priviledges
)
for
his
protection
only
,
&
care
of
them
,
and
for
their
peace
,
plenty
,
&
good
Laws
,
&
the
happiness
imparted
by
them
,
(
which
is
not
to
be
out-weighed
by
any
assistance
which
they
can
give
unto
their
Prince
,
&
Defender
of
their
faith
,
as
well
as
their
estates
)
or
as
tributes
which
Peter
Martyr
,
Pe●er
Martyr
,
Commen●
.
in
lib
▪
1.
Reg
,
a
godly
&
learned
foreign
Protestant
Divine
,
ca●●●d
hither
by
K.
Ed.
6.
to
assist
in
the
work
of
Reformation
,
saith
,
are
velu●i
symbola
subjectionis
&
mercedis
cujusdam
eorum
laborum
,
qui
sua
propria
neglexerint
,
&
ideo
necesse
est
ut
de
publico
provideatur
,
as
signes
of
subjection
and
retributions
for
their
cares
of
the
people
whilest
they
neglect
their
own
affairs
;
and
therefore
,
it
is
fit
,
they
should
be
provided
for
out
of
the
publick
by
Tributes
,
which
,
besides
the
allowance
which
our
Saviour
Christ
the
Son
of
God
the
greatest
of
Legislators
gave
of
them
,
were
so
necessary
and
usuall
,
as
feré
cum
Regibus
esse
nata
nullamque
penè
gentem
fuisse
unquam
quae
Regibus
atque
Magistratibus
suis
de
publico
non
solvent
tributa
unanimis
est
Historicorum
ac
Politicorum
consensus
,
Besoldus
in
discurs
.
politic
.
de
Aerar●o
ca.
1.
&
Bullinger
de
Vec●igal
.
ca.
1.
they
were
as
antient
almost
as
Kings
,
and
brought
into
the
world
with
them
,
saith
Besoldus
,
and
it
is
the
unanimous
opinion
of
all
that
know
any
thing
of
history
and
policy
,
that
there
never
was
Nation
in
the
world
which
did
not
pay
tributes
to
Kings
and
Magistrates
.
And
may
deem
his
just
and
legall
prerogatives
and
reasonable
priviledges
and
customes
in
his
rights
of
Pourveyance
to
be
as
deservedly
belonging
unto
him
his
Royall
Crown
and
Dignity
,
as
Swans
not
and
marked
,
and
Whales
&
Sturgeons
,
Cas●
de
Swanns
Coke
7.
●elat
.
Stamford
pleas
of
the
Crown
,
and
Bracton
lib.
3.
de
corona
.
which
Bracton
tells
us
do
propter
privilegium
&
de
jure
gentium
,
by
priviledge
and
the
Law
of
Nations
belong
unto
the
Crown
,
and
Porpoises
,
Dolphins
,
and
all
other
Fishes
strange
for
bulk
,
rarity
or
quality
,
for
that
by
custome
the
Soveraign
Prince
(
say
the
ancient
Sea
Laws
of
Oleron
)
ought
to
have
his
share
,
demand
,
or
pleasure
therein
,
and
with
good
reason
;
for
the
Subject
owes
obedience
and
tribute
to
his
Soveraign
,
Berk.
Southt
.
Somerset
,
Dorset
,
and
Wiltshire
quod
veniant
ad
Portsmouth
cum
victualibus
,
&
quod
nullum
mercatum
teneatur
in
Comitat.
praedict.
quamdiu
,
&c.
to
bring
victuals
and
provisions
to
Portsmouth
,
and
that
no
Markets
should
in
the
mean
time
,
or
as
long
as
the
Army
there
continued
,
be
kept
in
the
said
Counties
,
which
would
of
necessity
abate
the
prices
.
ex
parte
Rememb
.
Reg.
Or
as
King
Ed.
1.
did
in
anno
34
of
his
Reign
,
assigne
Robert
Bacon
the
Sheriffe
of
Cambridge
and
Huntington
Shires
,
ad
blad●
emenda
infra
Ballivam
suam
per
visum
&
ordinationem
Willielmi
de
sancto
Georgio
&
Gulielmi
de
Say
milit.
mitend
.
usque
Berwicam
super
Twedam
ad
expensas
hospitii
,
&
exercitus
Regis
in
guerra
Scotiae
,
to
buy
and
provide
corn
within
his
Baliwick
by
the
view
and
assistance
of
Sir
William
St.
George
and
Sir
William
de
Say
to
be
sent
and
conveyed
to
Barwick
upon
Twede
for
the
provisions
of
the
Kings
Houshold
and
Army
in
the
warres
of
Scotland
,
viz.
40
quarters
de
frument
.
&
425.
quarters
Brasii
,
prec
.
quarter
4
s.
&
425
quarters
3.
avenae
prec
.
quarter
2
s.
6
d.
40
quarter
of
corn
and
425
quarter
of
Malt
or
Barley
at
4
s.
a
quarter
,
and
425
quarter
of
Oats
at
2
s.
6
d.
en
le
Cite
de
Londres
,
&
les
lieux
environ
cibien
en
●au
come
en
terre
cest
a
scavoir
le
falcon
gentil
pour
20
solz
le
Tersel
gentil
pour
10
solz
.
&
le
Laner
pour
demy
mark
destre
payer
par
les
mains
des
ses
visc●nts
;
in
London
and
the
parts
adjacent
,
as
well
upon
the
water
as
the
land
,
that
is
to
say
,
twenty
shillings
for
the
Falcon-gentil
,
ten
shillings
for
the
Tersel-gentil
,
and
a
noble
for
a
Laner
,
to
be
paid
by
the
Sheriffs
,
which
hath
an
affinity
or
neer
resemblance
with
Solomons
Merchants
receiving
the
linnen-yarn
which
came
from
Egipt
at
a
price
.
Or
to
grant
a
Toll
without
act
of
Parliament
as
well
before
as
since
the
Conquest
for
murage
or
repair
of
the
walls
of
Towns
,
as
Ipswich
,
Harwich
,
part
.
m.
4.
Pat.
12
E.
3.
part
.
m.
15.
Pat.
12
E.
3.
part.
1.
m.
2.
Pat.
11
E.
3.
part.
3.
m.
5.
Newcastle
upon
Tine
,
Ludlow
,
&c.
or
Cities
,
as
London
,
Norwich
,
York
,
Bristol
,
&c.
which
must
of
necessity
raise
the
rates
of
commodities
brought
thither
to
be
sold
;
and
by
the
same
power
or
authority
remit
or
release
them
;
and
being
granted
to
many
Cities
or
Towns
but
for
three
of
seven
years
,
or
as
to
London
for
five
years
,
or
some
other
short
term
since
expired
,
is
,
as
may
be
feared
,
under
a
colour
of
custome
or
praescription
as
yet
continued
.
Or
being
Soveraign
of
the
British
seas
,
to
take
weekly
for
all
Herring
taken
therein
,
six
pence
for
every
Ton
,
and
the
like
for
other
fish
every
three
weeks
either
of
his
own
Subjects
or
forraign
Nations
;
Rot.
Parl.
2
R.
2.
&
Seldens
Ma●e
clausum
.
]
or
for
his
Admiral
under
him
to
take
the
tenth
of
all
the
Prizes
,
or
Ships
of
his
Enemies
taken
at
the
Sea
,
and
money
for
Anchorage
,
paid
by
every
Ship
for
their
quiet
riding
in
the
river
of
Thames
,
or
any
of
the
Kings
Harbours
.
And
with
as
good
reason
as
the
Burrow
Mealis
in
Scotland
,
where
quilibet
Burgensis
debet
domino
Regi
pro
Burgagio
quinque
denarios
annuatim
&
dicuntur
incorporari
,
Parliamen●
James
1.
ca.
8.
Spelman
in
verb.
●o●row
mealis
.
annexique
Fisco
&
patrimonio
Regis
,
every
Burgess
was
to
pay
five
pence
per
annum
for
his
mealis
(
which
Sir
Henry
Spelman
interprets
to
be
a
Farme
appropriated
to
buy
provisions
in
regiae
mensae
apparatum
,
for
the
Kings
Table
or
Houshold
)
and
are
said
to
be
incorporate
and
annexed
to
the
Patrimony
of
the
King
and
his
Exchequer
.
Borrow
Laws
ca.
39.
Or
as
the
Provost
of
Edenburgh
or
other
borough
Towns
in
Scotland
may
take
and
receive
four
pence
upon
every
quarter
of
Malt
of
ilk
Brewster
quhe
brewes
aill
all
the
zeir
four
pennies
,
and
for
●ne
halfe
zeir
tw●
pennies
.
As
the
Apprisers
of
flesh
are
appointed
to
apprise
it
at
the
Kings
price
ilk
dayes
of
the
Markets
,
and
to
admit
the
each
of
the
●●s●er
in
that
matter
.
for
relief
of
the
inward
parts
of
the
Realm
,
quhair
woll
hes
course
and
quhilks
ar
burdened
with
customes
,
and
that
the
remanent
parts
of
the
Realm
may
be
made
equall
with
them
in
all
services
and
burdings
.
It
is
Statute
that
certain
sommes
and
quantities
of
victuall
quhareof
there
is
abundance
in
these
utward
parts
(
sick
as
Marts
beir
and
sicklike
sall
be
taken
up
zeirly
at
the
Chamberlains
command
to
the
expenses
of
the
Kings
house
according
to
the
prices
quihilk
in
auld
times
used
to
be
taken
up
in
these
places
.
havand
respect
to
the
great
and
exorbitant
dearth
risen
upon
the
will
and
t●me
Fowles
,
ordained
the
prices
thereof
,
as
5
s.
(
Scottish
)
the
Swan
▪
the
black
Cock
and
gray
hen
,
six
pennies
(
twenty
of
their
pennies
being
but
two
pence
)
the
Woodcock
four
pennies
,
and
the
dous●n
of
Laverocks
and
uthers
small
birds
four
pennies
,
&c.
And
by
as
good
reason
as
King
James
the
sixth
his
Majesties
Grandfather
confirmed
the
Acts
of
Parliament
made
by
his
noble
Progenitors
for
the
stanching
of
dearth
of
Victuals
,
and
setting
order
and
price
on
all
Stuffe
,
and
ordained
all
Earls
,
Lords
,
Barons
,
as
well
within
regality
as
royalty
,
and
their
Bailles
to
landwart
,
and
the
Provestes
and
Bailles
of
all
B●rrows
and
Cities
to
cause
the
said
Acts
to
be
put
to
due
execution
,
every
ane
within
their
boundes
and
Jurisdiction
respective
makand
and
constitutand
them
Justices
to
that
effect
,
with
power
to
make
and
appoint
Statutes
and
Ordinances
for
the
special
observation
of
the
saidis
Acts
at
every
head
Court
zierly
.
Assigned
money
and
victuals
of
several
Shires
and
places
in
Scotland
,
Edinburgh
,
Dunbartane
,
Strivilinge
,
and
Blacknes
.
Declared
the
tenths
of
all
Herrings
taken
in
the
Scottish
Seas
to
be
due
unto
him
as
King
of
Scotland
and
all
infestments
and
Alienations
in
few
ferme
or
utherwaies
,
and
all
dispositions
quhatsumever
in
all
time
bygane
,
and
to
cum
,
of
the
Assise
Herring
to
be
nil
and
of
no
avail
,
because
the
said
Assise
Herring
pertanis
to
the
King
as
ane
part
of
his
Customes
and
annexed
property
.
And
by
as
much
(
or
a
greater
)
warrant
or
assent
of
reason
,
as
King
Henry
the
5.
of
England
did
in
a
Patent
or
Grant
of
the
Lord
Lieutenancy
of
Ireland
to
James
de
Boteler
Earl
of
Ormond
,
authorise
him
ad
victualia
sufficientia
&
necessaria
pro
expensis
hospi●ii
sui
ac
Soldariorum
suorum
in
quocunque
loco
infra
terram
predictam
per
Provisores
hospitii
sui
&
alios
ministrossuos
unacum
Cariagio
su●ficienti
,
And
was
so
well
grounded
upon
Law
and
reason
,
as
all
the
succeeding
Lord
Lieutenants
or
Deputies
of
Ireland
have
ever
since
not
wanted
those
necessary
priviledges
to
attend
their
high
&
honourable
trusts
&
imployments
,
&
could
so
little
be
parted
with
,
in
the
19.
year
of
the
Reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
Elizabeth
de
Anno
1576.
when
Sir
Henry
Sidney
was
Deputy
of
Ireland
,
as
the
Earl
of
Desmond
,
the
Viscount
Baltinglas
,
&
other
unquiet
spirits
refusing
to
pay
the
provision
or
Ceasse
,
as
they
there
called
it
for
the
Lord
Deputies
house
,
&
the
Souldiers
in
Garrison
,
which
the
learned
Camden
saith
was
exactio
rei
Annonariae
certo
pretio
,
provisions
to
be
furnished
at
a
certain
rate
or
price
ad
alendum
proregis
familiam
militesque
praesidiarios
,
for
the
Lord
Lieutenants
or
Deputies
Families
,
&
the
Souldiers
in
Garrison
,
quasi
non
exigenda
nisi
ex
authoritate
Parliamentaria
,
as
not
due
unless
it
were
ordained
by
authority
of
Parliament
:
&
sending
over
their
complaints
into
England
,
the
Lords
of
the
Privy
Council
upon
the
hearing
&
bate
thereof
committed
them
,
and
those
which
remained
in
Ireland
,
and
had
sent
them
,
were
in
like
manner
imprisoned
untill
they
should
submit
to
the
payment
and
furnishing
thereof
;
for
that
it
appeared
by
the
Records
of
that
Kingdome
to
be
antiquitus
institutum
an
antient
constitution
,
&
jus
quoddam
Majestatis
,
a
part
of
the
right
appertaining
to
the
soveraign
Power
,
Praeeminence
or
Kingly
Praerogative
,
quae
legibus
non
subjicitur
,
nec
tamen
legibus
adversatur
ut
Jurisprudentes
judicarunt
,
which
being
not
against
the
Laws
was
not
to
be
subjected
to
them
,
saith
that
worthy
Historian
,
the
Queen
then
only
ordering
the
Lord
Deputy
to
use
as
much
moderation
as
he
could
in
taking
those
Provisions
or
Pourveyances
.
And
as
necessary
as
that
most
prudently
governing
Queen
(
who
as
King
James
her
Successor
saith
,
Rex
Jacobus
in
his
●asilicon
Doron
,
or
instructions
to
his
Son
Prince
Henry
.
prudentia
&
faelicitate
imperandi
omnes
ab
Augusto
principes
superavit
,
in
the
wisdome
and
happiness
of
her
government
out
went
and
exceeded
all
the
Princes
of
the
world
since
Augustus
Caesar
,
understood
it
to
be
when
by
a
warrant
under
the
hand
of
the
Earl
of
Leicester
,
Master
of
her
horse
,
bearing
date
the
3.
of
July
1574.
she
commanded
the
furnishing
of
four
able
Cart
Horses
or
Geldings
,
with
all
manner
of
furniture
for
draughts
to
serve
her
during
the
Progress
.
Or
as
he
by
a
just
authority
derived
from
her
by
his
letter
bearing
date
the
29.
day
of
June
before
,
autho●ized
the
Knight
Marshall
to
apprehend
and
punish
all
such
,
as
George
Middleton
one
of
the
Surveyors
of
the
Stable
should
inform
not
to
have
done
their
duties
in
furnishing
provisions
for
the
Stable
,
and
by
his
warrant
bearing
date
the
20.
of
October
1574.
which
was
in
the
seventeenth
year
of
her
reign
directed
to
the
high
Constable
of
Elthorne
in
the
County
of
Middlesex
commanded
the
Inhabitants
to
furnish
the
arrears
of
composition
Oats
for
the
years
13
,
14
,
15
,
and
16.
then
last
past
,
as
also
the
composition
Oats
for
that
present
year
:
And
the
like
to
the
Constables
of
the
hundred
of
Isleworth
in
the
said
County
,
and
by
a
warrant
under
his
hand
in
the
year
1576.
in
the
19.
year
of
her
reign
,
ordered
the
taking
up
of
16
Ambling
Mares
for
the
service
of
her
Majesty
at
reasonable
prises
in
such
places
as
they
should
think
meet
.
M.
S.
of
the
antient
order
and
government
of
the
City
of
London
.
Cheese
,
Salt
,
Onions
,
Garlick
,
Oats
,
Pease
,
Victualls
and
Fewell
brought
unto
London
by
water
,
and
upon
all
manner
of
Grain
and
Victuals
brought
by
land
,
and
to
commit
to
prison
such
as
disobey
,
which
doth
or
might
make
his
own
provisions
to
be
much
the
cheaper
.
Or
as
the
Maior
of
London
did
in
the
8.
year
of
the
reign
of
King
Ed.
2.
take
for
the
strengthening
of
Newgate
and
the
Gaol
therein
,
and
the
repair
of
certain
Chambers
there
by
the
Kings
grant
or
Licence
●ertam
consuetudinem
de
rebus
vaenalibus
,
Or
as
there
was
a
Fee
Farm
rent
of
80
l.
per
annum
to
the
King
and
his
Successors
auntiently
and
long
agoe
reserved
,
payable
by
the
Town
of
Droitwich
in
Worcester-shire
for
their
Salt-pits
,
wherein
their
Burgers
doe
claim
by
proportions
an
estate
of
inheritance
.
Or
as
in
the
Colleries
of
Newcastle
upon
Tine
,
wherein
the
Owners
of
the
Soil
have
an
inheritance
and
propriety
,
the
King
and
his
Progenitors
have
a
legall
allowance
or
imposition
of
twelve
pence
upon
every
Chaldron
of
Coles
.
And
with
better
reason
may
set
a
rate
or
price
year
by
year
upon
his
houshold
provisions
then
Solomon
did
,
who
though
he
in
the
Trade
managed
for
himself
in
sending
his
ships
to
Ophir
to
fetch
gold
and
silver
,
Or
if
he
gave
them
any
(
which
doth
not
appear
)
did
not
do
it
so
largely
as
our
William
the
Conqueror
did
in
the
rewarding
of
those
that
assisted
him
,
if
what
he
so
gave
amounted
but
unto
as
much
as
would
in
those
dayes
make
a
competent
living
or
maintenance
,
Spelman
●loss
in
voc●
〈◊〉
for
10000
Knights
and
their
Heirs
(
which
some
that
lived
in
or
near
his
time
believe
to
have
been
more
then
for
60000
l.
and
valued
but
at
20
l.
per
annum
,
as
they
were
reckoned
in
1
Ed.
2.
would
amount
unto
200000.
pounds
per
annum
;
and
if
but
at
three
hundred
pounds
per
annum
,
which
is
now
the
least
,
improvement
would
amount
unto
as
much
as
three
millions
per
annum
sterling
,
besides
large
quantities
of
Socage
lands
,
with
twice
or
thrice
as
much
more
in
the
several
reigns
of
our
succeeding
Kings
,
given
to
the
people
in
lands
and
yearly
revenues
of
inheritance
.
he
might
exact
it
of
them
,
but
did
not
give
them
any
Lands
or
Possessions
,
and
being
but
as
a
Conductor
or
Governour
of
them
,
had
not
,
if
he
would
,
wherewithall
to
doe
it
.
So
as
all
degrees
,
ranks
and
orders
of
the
people
of
England
may
,
if
the
difference
or
value
betwixt
the
former
and
present
market
rates
and
prices
,
should
be
the
Jonas
that
troubles
their
ship
and
affairs
,
permit
it
to
take
its
rest
,
and
be
as
well
contented
with
that
in
the
Kings
case
as
they
are
in
many
of
their
own
,
when
as
many
of
them
can
retain
and
keep
without
any
murmur
or
grudging
above
30
thousand
pounds
per
annum
▪
lands
of
inheritance
,
or
as
some
have
computed
it
above
eighty
thousand
pounds
per
annum
(
being
almost
all
the
certain
and
reall
revenues
which
are
remaining
to
the
Crown
)
holden
of
his
Majesty
and
his
royall
Progenitors
in
Fee
Farme
at
the
small
rents
,
which
were
at
the
first
,
and
long
agoe
reserved
thereupon
,
when
as
at
the
times
when
they
were
first
reserved
,
they
were
in
the
intention
of
the
Donors
,
or
the
allegations
likewise
,
or
intentions
of
the
Donees
proportioned
according
to
the
then
yearly
value
of
the
Lands
,
which
are
now
improved
in
many
or
much
of
them
to
a
twentieth
,
thirtieth
,
fortieth
,
fiftieth
or
sixtieth
part
more
then
they
were
,
and
if
they
were
not
(
as
they
are
)
at
all
,
or
so
very
much
improved
,
are
no
more
then
one
in
three
to
the
price
or
value
which
silver
now
bears
by
the
Ounce
,
more
then
formerly
,
and
five
pound
of
that
rent
when
it
was
first
reserved
would
according
to
the
rate
of
2
d.
a
Capon
in
King
Edward
the
seconds
time
,
in
quarto
.
many
of
the
Fee
Farm
rents
having
been
more
antiently
reserved
)
have
bought
60
▪
Capons
at
the
then
Market
price
,
&
now
at
two
shillings
six
pence
a
Capon
(
which
is
less
by
six
pence
or
twelve
pence
in
a
Capon
then
the
King
now
paieth
for
them
)
will
buy
but
forty
,
or
if
as
they
were
in
the
beginning
of
the
Reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
at
six
pence
a
piece
in
the
Market
,
would
buy
200
Capons
,
and
at
two
shillings
six
pence
but
forty
,
and
the
five
pounds
Fee
Farme
●ent
in
King
Edward
the
second
's
time
,
when
a
fat
sheep
was
sold
for
twenty
pence
would
buy
thirty
,
but
now
at
twenty
shillings
a
fat
Sheep
no
greater
a
number
then
five
:
And
the
Kings
losses
and
the
Tenants
gains
thereby
will
many
times
multiplied
yearly
exceed
the
yearly
sum
which
they
pretend
is
lost
in
the
Compositions
for
his
Majesties
Pourveyance
.
And
all
the
people
of
England
who
doe
pay
Tithes
in
Corn
,
Cattle
,
&c.
in
kind
,
when
Corn
at
the
rate
which
Wheat
was
sold
at
in
51
Hen.
3.
(
when
the
Assize
of
Bread
and
Ale
was
set
or
confirmed
)
but
at
12
d.
a
quarter
is
at
32
s.
a
quarter
,
which
was
the
price
in
3
Caroli
primi
,
now
34
years
since
,
when
by
a
Statute
made
in
that
year
,
it
might
when
it
should
happen
to
be
so
cheap
be
transported
into
the
parts
beyond
the
seas
,
not
the
thirtieth
part
of
that
then
esteemed
to
be
an
easie
,
and
reasonable
price
,
or
at
two
shillings
six
pence
the
quarter
,
supposed
in
51
H.
3.
to
have
been
a
rate
which
in
a
dearer
time
it
might
have
risen
unto
,
would
be
but
the
thirteenth
part
of
two
and
thirty
shillings
,
or
at
twelve
shillings
the
quarter
,
which
was
in
those
antient
times
deemed
to
be
the
highest
rate
that
any
dearth
or
scarcity
could
bring
it
unto
,
is
but
little
more
then
one
part
in
three
of
that
medium
or
moderate
rate
in
3
Caroli
of
32
s.
the
quarter
,
and
farre
short
of
the
rate
of
40
or
48
shillings
a
quarter
,
when
it
is
now
reckoned
to
be
cheap
and
reasonable
,
or
of
4
l.
a
quarter
,
as
it
is
in
this
present
year
much
dearer
,
are
not
to
deny
the
payment
of
the
improvement
of
their
Tythes
by
their
own
industrie
,
or
what
they
exceed
the
first
intentions
or
grant
of
them
.
And
that
part
of
the
people
which
doe
pay
their
Tithes
to
Impropriators
and
Lay
men
,
cannot
be
ignorant
that
the
first
intention
and
right
use
of
them
is
so
laid
by
and
disused
,
as
the
hospitality
,
reliefe
of
the
poor
,
repair
and
adorning
of
Churches
,
which
were
some
of
the
causes
for
which
they
are
paid
,
and
which
the
Abbies
and
Monasteries
when
they
were
in
being
took
a
greater
care
of
then
those
that
lay
it
out
in
the
excess
,
pride
,
vanities
and
humours
of
themselves
or
their
lavish
and
expencefull
wives
,
and
convert
all
their
hospitality
and
care
of
the
Poor
and
Churches
into
gilded
Coaches
and
Butterflye
Lacquies
,
which
being
most
of
the
houshold
which
can
be
afforded
to
be
kept
,
are
carried
up
and
down
the
streets
of
London
,
that
grand
Magazine
and
Nurserie
of
all
vices
,
at
the
end
or
breech
of
the
Coaches
,
whilest
the
Church
is
but
meanly
repaired
and
ill-favouredly
kept
at
the
charge
of
the
Parishes
,
the
Poor
not
pitifully
but
beggerly
and
in
a
wofull
manner
provided
for
by
a
rate
or
taxe
of
the
Parishes
,
the
Vicar
not
allowed
the
fifth
if
it
be
a
small
Appropriation
,
or
in
many
places
where
they
are
greater
little
more
then
a
tenth
▪
and
at
the
best
not
enough
to
keep
him
and
his
wife
and
children
from
being
the
prognosticks
of
a
fam●ne
,
and
comes
short
at
the
years
end
of
Mica's
Salary
,
of
ten
shekels
of
silver
,
Jud.
ca.
18.
a
suit
of
apparrel
and
his
victuals
,
which
renders
him
a
scorn
to
the
wicked
,
and
a
pitty
to
those
that
love
God
and
goodness
,
who
are
not
certainly
mistaken
when
they
think
a
better
allowance
would
yeild
them
better
Preachers
.
May
be
as
little
displeased
with
the
failing
or
falling
of
the
Kings
price
or
rate
for
his
houshold
provisions
,
as
they
were
in
being
quitted
of
Cerage
or
Waxscot
,
thrice
a
year
paid
towards
the
charge
of
candles
in
the
Churches
.
Or
as
the
Landlords
or
Lords
of
Manors
,
who
doe
now
receive
their
Rent-services
or
Quit-rents
at
a
far
lesser
value
then
they
were
originally
intended
,
or
now
are
,
or
the
Tenants
and
those
that
pay
them
,
who
are
by
so
much
more
the
gainers
.
And
the
Town
of
Alesbury
in
the
County
of
Buckingham
may
the
better
bear
her
part
of
the
Composition
for
the
Royall
Pourveyance
,
for
that
the
Town
it self
and
their
then
liberties
and
priviledges
were
freely
granted
by
some
of
the
Kings
Royal
Progenitors
to
hold
in
Capite
by
the
service
of
keeping
all
the
distresses
of
Cattel
,
&c.
(
which
in
those
dayes
were
many
)
which
the
King
or
his
Sheriff
,
or
other
Ministers
in
the
County
of
Buckingham
should
cause
to
be
taken
for
his
debts
,
and
feed
them
in
the
common
Pasture
of
Alesbury
:
And
to
take
for
every
Colt
,
Oxe
,
Horse
,
and
Cow
not
milcht
a
penny
,
for
every
four
Sheep
a
penny
,
post
mortem
Roberti
de
Byker
.
Also
the
owners
of
the
Manor
of
Byker
in
the
County
of
Northumberland
which
is
holden
of
the
King
by
the
Serjeanty
to
receive
and
keep
safe
at
Bykere
all
distresses
taken
within
that
County
for
the
Kings
debts
;
not
being
now
troubled
at
all
with
the
distresses
taken
for
the
Kings
debts
,
need
not
repine
at
the
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
it
.
For
they
and
all
other
are
to
consider
that
if
the
Kings
Royal
Progenitors
had
not
,
as
King
Henry
the
first
,
condescended
to
accept
of
the
rents
,
or
such
part
as
was
usually
paid
in
provisions
for
his
housekeeping
,
the
lands
which
they
or
those
which
claim
under
them
have
ever
since
held
,
and
are
so
greatly
improved
,
as
five
or
more
to
one
in
some
places
,
and
twenty
or
more
in
another
allowing
them
a
variation
according
to
the
nature
or
fertility
of
the
ground
,
or
distance
nearer
or
further
from
London
or
other
Towns
of
trade
or
intercourse
;
or
the
Sea
Ports
might
well
have
born
the
charge
of
the
Kings
provisions
,
though
they
do
now
so
much
exceed
their
Market
rates
.
And
that
as
that
King
and
his
Successors
have
exchanged
it
for
money
,
which
makes
them
to
be
the
greater
loosers
,
and
the
Tenants
the
greater
gainers
,
by
so
much
as
the
money
▪
reserved
for
rent
falls
under
the
now
value
of
money
and
the
Market
price
;
for
things
to
be
bought
with
it
,
would
amount
to
a
great
deal
more
then
the
pretended
losses
by
the
Kings
Pourveyance
or
compositions
for
it
.
That
the
Law
,
Justice
and
Equity
which
binds
the
King
to
that
prejudiciall
(
as
it
hath
since
happened
)
condiscention
of
his
Royal
Ancestor
King
Henry
the
first
,
in
taking
money
for
his
provisions
,
ought
a
fortiori
,
to
bind
his
Subjects
to
those
beneficiall
contracts
made
by
their
Fore-fathers
and
Predecessors
with
Queen
Elizabeth
,
if
they
stood
upon
equall
terms
with
him
,
and
owed
him
neither
gratitude
,
allegiance
,
or
subjection
.
That
he
who
is
so
great
a
looser
by
the
change
&
alteration
of
times
,
and
his
own
&
his
Royal
Progenitors
bounties
and
indulgences
,
might
howsoever
be
allowed
to
be
a
little
gainer
in
that
one
particular
of
the
Compositions
for
his
Pourveyances
(
for
in
every
thing
else
he
is
abundantly
a
very
great
looser
)
and
ought
as
well
to
take
an
advantage
by
it
as
the
Clergie
,
and
Impropriators
of
England
doe
by
the
rise
and
encrease
of
their
Tithes
and
imp●ovement
of
their
Glebes
,
and
are
sure
to
be
gainers
by
the
difference
in
the
value
and
price
of
commodities
,
when
as
they
sell
their
corn
at
the
highest
rates
,
and
make
the
improvement
of
their
Glebes
to
follow
the
rise
of
money
and
the
Markets
.
And
may
take
it
to
be
no
Paradox
or
stranger
to
any
mans
understanding
or
belief
,
that
the
King
who
by
his
Lawes
hath
ordered
,
that
reasonable
prises
and
rates
should
be
taken
for
victuals
and
houshold
provisions
for
himself
and
all
his
people
;
and
if
his
Sheriffs
,
Justices
of
Peace
,
Clerks
of
the
Markets
,
and
the
Lords
and
Stewards
of
Court-leets
had
but
imitated
the
care
of
their
Predecessors
in
the
execution
of
the
trusts
committed
unto
them
by
their
Soveraign
and
his
Laws
;
or
of
the
Sheriffs
in
the
reign
of
King
Henry
the
third
,
when
as
the
King
by
his
Writ
being
petitioned
to
give
the
Sheriffe
of
Bedford
a
power
to
dispence
with
the
Vintners
in
the
Town
of
Bedford
for
selling
wine
above
the
rates
&
assize
,
doth
it
in
these
words
,
Rex
,
&c.
Vic.
Bed
.
salutem
,
Quia
Villa
de
Bedeford
distat
a
quolibet
portu
maris
duas
dietas
,
tibi
praecipimus
quod
permittas
Vinitar
.
in
dorso
.
Bed
.
Sextarium
vini
Franc.
vendere
pro
8.
denar
.
&
sextarium
vini
Andeg.
Wascon
.
&
de
Blanc
.
pro
10
d.
non
obstante
,
&c.
Teste
R.
&c.
allowing
them
to
take
for
a
pint
and
a
half
,
if
the
Sextarie
was
then
accompted
to
be
no
greater
a
measure
of
wine
7
d.
and
for
the
like
measure
of
white
wine
of
Anjou
and
Gascoine
10
d.
And
had
not
,
as
they
doe
daily
,
too
much
neglected
the
execution
of
the
Laws
,
and
laid
by
their
duties
to
God
,
their
King
,
and
Country
,
and
by
being
over
wakefull
and
diligent
to
improve
their
estates
and
private
interests
,
taken
a
Nap
or
fit
of
sleeping
in
point
of
time
,
farre
beyond
that
of
the
seven
notorious
Sleepers
,
might
at
this
day
have
been
out
of
the
reach
of
the
causeless
murmur
of
those
who
,
as
they
were
seduced
and
fooled
by
Oliver
and
his
Associates
,
in
the
greatest
of
iniquities
,
can
make
a
Non
causa
to
be
a
cause
of
their
Complaints
and
of
a
grievance
to
themselves
,
when
as
they
and
many
of
their
fellow
Subjects
are
and
have
been
the
only
and
immediate
causes
of
it
,
and
if
rightly
considered
,
is
a
reall
grievance
to
the
King
,
and
to
all
that
buy
more
then
they
sell.
And
that
if
the
King
and
his
Laws
had
been
as
they
ought
to
have
been
better
obeyed
and
observed
in
such
a
Land
or
Kingdome
as
England
is
,
which
is
justly
accompted
to
be
blest
with
so
much
peace
and
plenty
,
and
such
an
over-plus
of
all
things
good
and
pleasant
as
well
as
necessary
for
the
sustenance
of
the
People
or
Inhabitants
thereof
,
as
a
deer
year
is
not
heard
of
above
once
at
the
most
in
ten
or
twenty
years
,
but
many
very
cheap
ones
.
The
rates
or
prices
agreed
upon
by
the
Counties
in
the
fourth
year
of
the
reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
would
have
been
enough
and
sufficient
,
or
more
then
enough
,
if
the
Acts
of
Parliament
of
25
H.
8.
ca.
2.
to
suppress
the
enhaunce
of
the
then
Market
rates
,
which
may
well
be
supposed
to
have
been
much
cheaper
then
what
it
was
in
Anno
4
of
Elizabeth
,
and
the
Statutes
of
incerti
temporis
.
or
King
Henry
the
third
,
3
&
4
Ed.
6.
ca.
19.
&
5
Ed.
6.
ca.
14.
against
Forestallers
had
been
duly
put
in
execution
.
And
that
the
12.
Counties
bordering
upon
London
and
adjacent
,
as
Middlesex
,
Essex
,
Kent
,
Surrey
,
Sussex
,
Hertford
,
Buckingham
,
Berkshire
,
Bedford
,
Oxford
,
Cambridge
and
H●ntington
Shires
,
making
no
small
gains
by
the
vent
and
rise
of
their
provisions
and
commodities
,
and
an
high
improvement
of
their
Lands
beyond
all
other
Counties
and
Parts
of
England
,
would
if
the
Markets
had
been
regulated
and
kept
down
to
such
just
and
reasonable
prices
as
might
have
been
well
enough
afforded
,
have
for
want
of
their
now
great
rates
for
victuals
and
commodities
night
and
day
sent
unto
London
,
that
greatest
belly
and
mouth
of
the
Kingdome
,
and
their
racking
or
improving
of
their
Lands
,
been
constrained
to
let
fall
and
diminish
their
rates
and
prices
,
and
follow
the
regulating
of
the
Markets
,
and
make
their
prices
and
rates
to
be
conformable
to
the
Laws
and
plenty
of
the
Kingdome
,
which
would
have
brought
unto
them
and
their
Estates
a
greater
or
more
then
supposed
damage
,
many
times
,
and
very
far
exceeding
the
pretended
losses
of
serving
in
their
proportions
of
the
Kings
provisions
,
as
they
were
agreed
upon
.
And
if
this
shall
not
be
believed
without
experiments
or
demonstrations
,
they
may
be
quickly
brought
to
assent
unto
that
which
will
certainly
p●ove
to
be
a
truth
,
that
if
the
King
should
,
as
King
Henry
the
second
,
keep
his
Court
and
Parliament
for
a
time
at
●larendon
in
Wiltshire
,
or
,
as
King
Edward
the
first
did
,
keep
his
Court
and
Parliament
in
Denbigh-shire
at
Ruthland
(
too
often
mistaken
and
called
Rutland
)
or
at
Carnarvon
in
Wales
,
or
at
York
,
where
whilest
he
was
busie
and
imployed
in
his
Warres
against
the
Scots
,
he
kept
his
Terms
and
Court
for
seven
years
together
,
or
as
many
of
the
former
Kings
did
keep
their
Christmas
and
other
great
yearly
Festivals
sometimes
at
Nottingham
,
other
times
at
Worcester
Lincoln
,
and
other
places
far
remote
from
London
.
And
as
the
Sun
yearly
diffuseth
his
li●ht
and
heat
in
his
journey
through
the
Tropicks
,
some
at
one
time
,
and
some
at
another
unto
all
parts
of
the
world
;
or
as
the
blood
in
the
body
naturall
daily
circulates
,
visits
and
comforts
all
the
parts
of
it
,
should
enrich
&
comfort
most
of
the
parts
of
his
Kingdom
with
the
presence
and
influence
of
his
Courts
and
residence
.
Those
rates
and
prises
in
the
Composition
for
Pourveyances
would
rather
prove
to
be
too
high
a
rate
and
allowance
then
too
little
.
As
it
happened
to
be
in
Anno
1640.
when
the
late
King
and
Martyr
was
enforced
to
be
with
his
Court
and
Army
about
Newcastle
upon
Tine
on
the
borders
and
confines
of
Scotland
where
the
cheapness
of
victualls
and
other
provisions
at
the
Market
rates
in
those
parts
fell
to
be
very
much
under
the
Kings
rates
or
allowance
according
to
the
Compositions
for
his
Pourveyance
made
in
the
Reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
which
the
Inhabitants
and
People
thereabouts
understood
so
well
,
as
a
great
store
,
and
farre
more
p●ovisions
being
daily
brought
in
at
those
rates
then
the
King
and
his
then
more
then
ordinary
numerous
retinue
could
expend
,
he
was
(
which
many
that
were
then
present
can
testifie
)
enforced
by
a
Proclamation
to
forbid
the
bringing
in
of
great
quantities
,
or
more
then
was
necessary
.
And
if
the
rates
which
Queen
Elizabeth
accepted
her
provisions
to
be
served
in
by
the
Counties
had
been
agreed
to
have
been
paid
in
money
and
not
in
kind
,
and
had
by
the
fall
of
the
Markets
,
which
the
Lawes
well
executed
would
in
a
Kingdome
of
peace
and
plenty
have
easily
brought
to
pass
,
been
too
high
a
rate
,
and
more
then
the
provisions
served
in
kind
would
have
amounted
unto
,
those
who
made
that
agreement
for
themselves
and
the
Counties
and
places
which
they
represented
could
not
have
receded
from
it
,
no
more
then
she
or
her
Successors
,
if
the
provisions
served
in
kind
should
have
grown
cheaper
,
or
might
have
been
had
for
less
money
,
or
been
bought
by
her
Officers
at
easier
rates
then
the
Compositions
,
could
without
the
help
of
a
Proviso
,
with
honour
or
Justice
have
desired
that
her
provisions
might
not
have
been
served
in
kind
by
the
several
Counties
of
England
and
Wales
,
but
that
the
money
or
rate
then
agreed
upon
to
have
been
the
price
of
those
provisions
should
have
been
yearly
paid
into
the
Exchequer
to
be
disposed
of
for
that
purpose
,
which
probably
might
have
been
the
reason
that
at
the
first
agreement
made
by
several
Counties
for
the
Compositions
,
some
for
3
years
,
some
for
four
,
and
some
for
seven
,
there
was
a
proviso
that
either
party
disliking
(
which
until
our
mad
times
or
quarrelling
with
the
fifth
Commandement
,
and
finding
fault
with
every
thing
that
fed
not
the
rebellious
humour
,
was
not
at
all
done
by
the
Counties
)
should
be
at
liberty
,
and
free
from
that
agreement
.
For
there
can
be
no
reason
(
unless
ingratitude
and
unreasonableness
,
neglect
of
Laws
and
Duties
,
breach
of
Faith
and
Contracts
,
and
reasonable
Customes
unto
the
King
and
Soveraign
shall
be
installed
virtues
,
and
put
in
the
seat
of
reason
,
and
understood
to
be
no
otherwise
)
that
when
all
the
Lands
of
the
twelve
adjacent
and
neighbour
Counties
of
London
have
been
so
exceedingly
,
and
to
such
a
height
improved
,
and
the
Lands
of
all
the
other
Counties
of
England
and
the
Dominion
of
Wales
have
by
neighbourhood
and
communication
largely
likewise
,
and
more
then
formerly
,
improved
and
raised
their
rents
and
estates
by
the
rise
and
greater
prices
given
for
Corn
,
Cattel
,
Victuals
,
and
all
other
Houshold
Provisions
more
then
they
were
heretofore
,
the
Landlords
made
to
be
so
very
great
gainers
,
and
the
Tenants
if
they
be
no
great
gainers
,
sure
enough
to
be
made
savers
by
heightening
the
prices
of
Corn
,
Cattel
,
and
all
other
victuals
and
houshold
provisions
,
the
King
only
should
bear
the
burden
,
and
not
partake
of
some
of
the
fruits
(
if
there
were
nothing
else
to
require
or
deserve
it
)
of
their
great
advance
and
increase
in
all
their
Estates
and
Revenues
.
And
that
he
by
whose
power
,
alliance
,
and
interest
with
forreign
Princes
the
People
of
England
doe
enjoy
the
trade
as
well
inward
from
for●aign
parts
as
outward
into
them
,
the
many
priviledges
and
immunities
procured
for
our
Merchants
by
his
famous
Progenitors
and
Predecessors
,
as
that
of
Burgundy
and
the
Neatherlands
,
France
,
Spain
,
Portugal
,
Ligorne
,
the
Russian
or
Muscovy
Trade
,
the
Hanse
or
Hamborough
,
Turkish
and
East-Indie
Trades
;
for
all
which
but
Burgundy
and
the
East-land
Trades
our
Merchants
are
beholding
to
Queen
Elizabeth
and
King
James
,
the
Rex
Pacificus
,
with
the
Trades
now
begining
to
florish
in
and
with
our
English
Colonies
in
Virginia
,
Bermudas
,
Barbados
,
St.
Christophers
,
Mevi●
,
New-England
and
Sianam
,
&c.
which
doe
serve
to
augment
our
plenties
and
delicacies
in
England
,
and
his
protection
of
them
and
all
their
Trades
with
forreign
Princes
by
his
Leagues
,
Confederacies
and
Ambassadors
and
allowing
them
the
freedom
of
the
Seas
and
Ports
and
that
beneficiall
Trade
for
the
London
Woodmongers
or
Colliers
to
Newcastle
upon
Tine
for
coals
,
where
their
Chaldrons
by
which
they
buy
,
are
more
then
double
to
what
they
sell
and
measure
by
at
London
▪
and
the
owners
of
the
Colleries
to
gain
their
custome
,
doe
not
only
sell
at
cheap
and
easie
rates
,
but
give
and
allow
them
for
nothing
,
seven
and
sometimes
eight
or
nine
Chaldron
of
their
great
and
double
chaldrons
or
measures
in
every
twenty
or
score
of
chaldrons
;
and
notwithstanding
their
easie
and
small
rates
can
by
engrossing
and
keeping
them
upon
the
River
of
Thames
unsold
,
and
a
combination
and
confederacy
among
themselves
sell
their
coals
at
24
or
30
s.
a
single
or
London
chaldron
,
and
think
that
also
not
to
be
gain
or
profit
enough
unless
they
can
upon
any
Frost
or
increase
of
winter
weather
,
or
the
news
(
sometimes
but
feigned
or
pretended
)
that
a
Ship
or
two
of
coals
were
cast
away
by
storms
,
raise
their
coals
2
,
3
,
5
,
10
,
or
20
shillings
more
in
a
chaldron
when
they
please
,
to
the
damage
of
the
Rich
,
and
great
oppression
of
the
Poor
,
who
buy
their
coals
by
the
peck
,
and
must
pay
a
greater
rate
for
them
then
their
labours
&
small
earnings
every
day
from
4.
in
the
morning
until
12.
at
night
will
amount
unto
;
and
did
in
the
times
of
Rebellion
,
and
pretence
of
Gods
glory
to
be
advanced
by
it
,
continue
their
mystery
of
trade
and
oppression
to
such
a
height
&
impudence
,
as
when
it
was
proved
at
a
Sessions
at
the
Old-Baily
in
London
,
that
they
might
sell
cheaper
,
and
the
Lord
Maior
and
Justices
had
put
a
rate
upon
coals
,
and
ordered
that
they
should
sell
accordingly
,
neither
the
fear
of
Laws
or
Magistrates
was
able
to
perswade
them
to
an
obedience
,
or
diswade
or
deterre
them
from
their
Liberty
of
sinning
,
should
be
denied
such
a
legal
,
antient
and
reasonable
duty
.
And
may
believe
that
the
granting
and
permitting
of
Marts
,
Fairs
and
Markets
at
home
,
and
the
improvement
of
his
Subjects
Estates
&
Revenues
,
a
five
times
mo●e
in
some
places
and
ten
in
others
,
within
the
space
of
200
years
last
past
;
and
20
times
more
then
what
they
were
before
that
period
by
their
peace
and
liberties
,
may
very
well
deserve
so
small
an
acknowledgement
and
return
,
and
so
petit
a
priviledge
as
the
having
of
a
Praemption
and
his
Provisions
served
in
for
his
household
at
reasonable
prices
,
which
is
no
more
then
what
the
Law
it self
enjoyneth
to
be
done
unto
all
the
People
and
Subjects
of
England
from
the
highest
to
the
lowest
,
and
to
the
poorest
as
well
as
unto
the
aboundantly
or
indifferently
rich
.
And
that
when
in
our
Magna
Charta
,
or
great
Charter
of
our
Liberties
,
the
Praeemption
&
Pourveyance
was
not
denied
upon
present
payment
for
all
under
40
shillings
,
and
for
the
rest
within
forty
dayes
after
,
and
the
Cart-taking
upon
the
payment
of
ten
pence
a
day
for
a
Cart
with
two
horses
,
and
fourteen
pence
a
day
for
three
secundum
antiqua
pretia
,
after
the
old
rates
for
which
now
are
allowed
better
rates
,
and
being
afterwards
confirmed
by
King
Henry
the
third
in
a
solemn
procession
of
the
King
,
Arch-Bishops
,
Earls
,
Barons
,
and
the
most
eminent
men
of
the
Kingdome
with
candles
or
torches
burning
in
their
hands
in
Westminster
Hall
,
Mat.
Paris
86●
.
denouncing
excommunication
,
direfull
curses
and
Anathema's
against
the
Infringers
thereof
by
the
candles
or
torches
flung
upon
the
ground
,
and
wishing
that
so
their
souls
might
burn
in
hell
.
And
the
same
Magna
Charta
being
by
thirty
Parliaments
since
confirmed
and
accompted
to
be
part
of
the
peoples
Birthright
.
It
can
be
no
less
then
the
greatest
of
reason
,
that
those
his
Liberties
and
Priviledges
mentioned
and
agreed
therein
should
be
as
well
preserved
unto
him
as
those
of
the
people
unto
them
,
and
with
the
greater
reason
in
that
his
were
alwaies
his
own
,
and
many
of
theirs
but
newly
granted
them
.
And
that
he
was
not
in
the
confirming
of
Magna
Charta
,
without
some
care
of
preserving
his
own
rights
and
priviledges
,
as
appeareth
by
his
Writ
or
Proclation
(
better
in
former
times
then
now
obeyed
)
sent
unto
the
Sheriff
of
York
in
these
words
,
Cum
probis
hominibus
nostris
libertates
concesserimus
per
Cartas
nostras
in
quibus
continetur
(
that
which
we
have
of
that
excellent
Law
and
Charter
,
being
by
many
learned
men
believed
to
be
but
a
Transcript
)
quòd
nihilomninus
salve
sint
omnibus
libertates
,
&
liberae
consuetudines
quas
prius
habuerunt
libertates
nostras
de
quibus
maxime
specialis
mentio
in
Cartis
praedictis
facta
non
est
nobis
volumus
inviolabiliter
observari
unde
tibi
districtè
praecipimus
quatenus
omnes
libertates
nostras
usitatas
tempore
domini
Johannis
Regis
patris
nostri
quas
quidem
nobis
non
subtrahimus
ex
speciali
mentione
facta
in
praedictis
Cartis
nobis
facias
firmiter
observari
nullius
obstante
reclamatione
sicut
usitatae
fuerunt
temporibus
antecessorum
nostrorum
,
For
the
reason
which
gives
Aaron
and
his
Sons
,
the
Clergie
,
their
Tythes
and
Pourveyance
,
should
perswade
the
people
to
think
the
Composition
for
Pourveyance
to
be
no
burden
,
when
as
it
is
as
short
of
the
Tithes
as
one
unto
a
hundred
.
And
it
should
be
reason
,
if
any
thing
can
be
reason
,
and
it
be
not
fled
after
Astraea
into
the
upper
Regions
,
and
left
some
counterfeit
and
false
resemblance
instead
of
it
,
that
all
,
or
many
,
or
most
of
the
males
and
men
of
England
,
and
such
as
in
the
Court
Leets
and
elswhere
have
taken
the
Oath
of
Allegiance
(
which
all
the
men
of
England
and
their
generations
are
so
born
under
,
Ellismeres
post
Nati
,
or
argument
concerning
them
.
as
by
the
Laws
and
Customes
of
England
it
is
and
ought
to
be
as
Connaturall
and
Congaeniall
unto
them
)
and
the
Oath
of
Supremacy
,
to
maintain
and
defend
the
Kings
Rights
and
Jurisdictions
;
and
all
the
Citizens
and
Freemen
of
London
,
and
other
Cities
and
Corporations
of
England
taking
an
Oath
to
the
like
purpose
,
all
the
Freeholders
of
the
Kingdome
holding
of
him
immediately
swearing
in
their
homage
and
fealty
to
doe
him
service
and
be
faithfull
unto
him
;
all
the
Copiholders
holding
of
him
,
swearing
unto
him
their
Fealty
,
and
all
the
Freeholders
and
such
as
hold
of
their
mesne
Lords
by
Knights
service
or
Socage
in
their
homage
and
fealty
unto
them
,
excepting
their
allegiance
and
duty
to
the
King
,
should
have
as
great
a
care
not
to
deny
him
those
parts
of
his
Jurisdictions
,
Praeeminences
and
just
rights
,
as
they
would
not
to
perjure
and
forswear
themselves
,
or
bring
the
curses
and
woes
attending
such
grievous
sins
,
or
the
breach
of
that
part
of
Magna
Charta
upon
the
heads
of
them
and
their
posterities
,
which
a
Kings
assent
to
any
Acts
of
Parliament
for
the
taking
away
or
extinguishing
such
individua
&
annexa
Coronae
jure
diadematis
potestatis
atque
authoritatis
,
Gregor
Tholosan
.
Syntag.
Juris
universi
inseparable
parts
of
Majesty
and
the
Rights
of
his
Crown
,
Regal
power
and
Prerogative
:
If
any
Law
or
Sanction
could
enable
him
to
that
which
all
Laws
both
Civil
and
Common
doe
deny
,
will
not
be
sufficient
to
acquit
or
discharge
;
for
although
the
dispensation
of
Oathes
by
those
to
whom
,
and
for
whose
benefit
they
were
made
,
be
in
some
cases
allowed
by
the
Canon
Law
,
and
some
Roman
Casuists
doe
believe
that
violation
of
oathes
have
been
well
dispensed
withall
by
those
for
whose
interest
and
benefit
they
were
made
,
it
will
not
be
hard
to
determine
in
the
greatest
veneration
of
Parliaments
,
which
are
to
be
obeyed
actively
or
passively
,
and
of
whose
acts
no
man
is
so
much
as
to
think
evil
,
that
Laws
of
that
kind
when
they
shall
be
by
importunities
and
necessities
made
or
enacted
against
the
Lawes
of
God
and
right
reason
cannot
give
an
absolution
for
oathes
violated
,
〈◊〉
Comment.
398.6
.
nor
if
they
could
be
excused
,
for
the
not
payment
of
those
most
necessary
duties
to
their
King
and
common
Parent
in
foro
humano
,
in
this
world
,
will
ever
be
excused
in
foro
animae
,
in
the
next
.
And
if
the
Parliament
in
Anno
18
Eliz.
took
it
to
be
for
the
good
of
the
Universities
of
Oxford
and
Cambridge
,
that
the
Colleges
,
Halls
and
Houses
for
Students
therein
should
receive
the
third
part
of
their
Rents
in
Corn
and
Mal●
,
and
ordered
them
so
to
doe
▪
and
that
their
Tenants
who
had
then
&
have
since
such
comfortable
Bargains
and
Leases
under
them
as
every
man
is
glad
to
purchase
or
get
them
,
and
inroll
themselves
for
their
Tenants
,
wherein
if
a
deer
year
comes
once
in
7
▪
or
10
years
,
and
their
Bargains
happen
to
be
so
much
the
worser
,
as
the
prises
which
are
to
be
ruled
according
as
the
like
was
sold
the
Market
day
next
before
the
Rent
day
exceeds
the
former
or
cheaper
prices
,
the
yearly
profit
notwithstanding
of
their
Lands
being
alwaies
more
then
the
Rent
,
and
six
or
nine
cheap
years
to
one
may
pacifie
their
complaints
or
grudgings
;
the
King
certainly
may
expect
as
much
or
more
care
to
be
had
of
him
and
his
house-keeping
as
there
was
of
the
Universities
,
Colledges
and
Halls
,
and
not
to
be
denied
in
his
particular
of
Pourveyance
or
compositions
for
it
that
which
every
man
thinks
reasonable
in
his
own
.
Nor
to
be
made
so
great
a
sufferer
under
those
heaps
of
mischiefs
and
inconveniencies
which
by
the
great
and
excessive
rates
and
prises
put
upon
victuals
and
household
provisions
daily
more
and
more
encreasing
doe
assault
and
lessen
his
too
smal
a
Revenue
.
Neither
should
be
rendred
more
helpless
,
and
in
a
worser
condition
then
the
Lords
of
Leets
,
Sheriffs
in
their
Turns
,
Justices
of
Peace
in
their
Counties
,
Magistrates
in
Cities
and
Towns
Corporate
,
Who
may
with
better
reason
,
justice
and
equity
claim
and
keep
his
Rights
of
Praeemption
,
Pourveyance
and
compositions
for
it
then
the
Stret
gavel
was
in
4.
Ed.
1.
claimed
by
the
Lord
of
the
Manor
of
Cholmton
in
the
County
of
Sussex
,
Or
as
the
Town
of
Yarmouth
,
which
was
made
a
Port
or
Haven
by
Letters
Patents
of
King
Edward
the
first
,
did
antiently
,
and
doe
now
take
and
receive
of
the
Herring-Fishers
a
certain
Prize
of
Pourveyance
of
Fish
and
Herring
towards
the
maintenance
and
repair
of
their
Haven
,
Or
as
the
Lord
Roos
of
Hamlake
,
from
whom
the
Earls
of
Rutland
are
descended
did
claim
and
enjoy
as
belonging
to
Belvoir
Castle
,
post
mortem
Gulielmi
de
Roos
de
Hamlake
.
custumam
ibidem
vocat
Palfrey
silver
,
quae
levari
debet
annuatim
de
villis
,
a
Custome
called
Palfrey
silver
,
which
ought
to
be
levied
every
year
of
the
Towns
of
Botelesford
,
Normanton
,
Herdeby
,
Claxton
,
Muston
,
Howes
,
Barkeley
,
Queenby
,
&
aliis
Hamlettis
,
and
of
other
Hamlets
.
Or
as
King
Edward
the
third
had
to
send
his
Writ
or
Com●●ssion
to
the
Magistrates
of
the
Town
of
Barwick
〈◊〉
Tweed
,
to
inquire
Si
pisces
marini
&
Salmones
in
aqua
de
Tweed
capt.
usque
villam
praedictam
duci
&
in
vico
vocat
Narrow
Gate
,
in
dorso
.
venditioni
exponi
&
de
custumis
inde
Regi
solvend
.
if
the
Sea
Fish
and
Salmons
taken
in
the
River
of
Twede
were
brought
to
the
Town
of
Barwick
upon
Tweed
,
and
put
to
sale
in
the
street
called
Narrow-gate
,
and
of
the
Customes
to
be
paid
for
them
to
the
King
.
More
especially
when
the
Judges
in
11
Hen.
4.
did
resolve
it
to
be
Law
as
well
as
reason
,
●r●ayd
del
Roy
29.
that
the
Pourveyor
or
taker
for
the
King
might
take
victuals
(
or
provisions
)
at
a
reasonable
price
to
the
use
of
the
King
against
the
will
of
the
party
●elling
them
.
Which
unless
the
Laws
of
God
,
Nature
and
Nations
,
and
the
Laws
of
the
Land
,
reasonable
Customes
,
Liberties
Rights
and
Priviledges
should
be
all
and
every
thing
in
the
peoples
own
cases
and
concernments
,
and
nothing
at
all
in
the
Kings
,
and
that
the
duty
of
Subjects
▪
honor
of
the
King
,
and
support
and
maintenance
of
him
who
supports
and
defends
them
and
all
that
is
theirs
in
their
just
and
legal
Interests
,
should
be
but
as
the
Astronomers
lines
and
terms
of
art
in
the
firmament
,
as
Zones
,
Tropicks
,
Meridian
,
Zodiack
,
and
the
Ursa
major
and
minor
,
&c.
meerly
imaginary
and
undemonstrable
,
may
with
as
much
or
greater
reason
be
understood
to
be
no
burden
,
as
the
late
design
(
if
it
should
take
effect
)
of
the
Petition
of
the
Lord
Maior
,
Aldermen
,
and
Common
Councel
of
the
City
of
London
lately
presented
vnto
the
House
of
Common
in
Parliament
in
order
,
as
they
alleage
to
the
honor
,
happiness
and
prosperity
of
the
Kingdom
,
the
Governor
,
Deputy
and
Assistants
of
their
desired
Company
of
th●●nglish
Merchants
trading
into
Italy
,
and
the
Domini●●
of
the
French
King
,
and
the
King
of
Portugal
,
and
of
all
other
Merchants
thereafter
to
be
taken
into
that
Association
,
may
,
besides
other
emoluments
to
be
taken
of
the
Merchants
,
have
power
for
the
maintenance
of
the
Government
to
take
and
receive
upon
all
goods
to
be
exported
and
imported
not
exceeding
one
twentieth
part
of
the
Customes
,
as
they
are
on
all
goods
,
except
Wines
,
and
on
wines
not
exceeding
one
fourtieth
part
of
the
Customes
as
they
now
are
.
Which
twentieth
part
after
no
greater
a
reckoning
then
four
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
annum
for
the
Customes
(
which
if
not
too
much
defrauded
,
are
more
likely
to
be
eight
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
annum
)
will
be
twenty
thousand
pounds
per
annum
,
and
if
eight
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
annum
,
will
come
near
unto
as
much
as
the
pretended
losses
of
the
Counties
in
the
Compositions
for
the
Pourveyances
.
And
the
people
of
England
would
find
the
Pourveyance
and
Compositions
for
them
to
be
for
their
own
good
and
profit
,
as
well
as
there
is
a
great
and
every
where
to
be
acknowledged
reason
for
it
not
denied
to
be
reason
in
their
own
cases
,
affairs
&
dealings
one
with
another
)
by
the
want
of
greater
benefits
;
if
the
King
should
shut
up
all
his
Ports
,
and
forbid
all
Trade
with
forreign
Merchants
inward
or
outward
,
as
some
Kings
and
Princes
have
commonly
and
ordinarily
done
,
and
as
Common-wealths
,
and
those
that
call
themselves
Estates
do
as
well
as
Kings
and
Princes
in
case
of
hostilities
,
and
upon
reason
of
State
,
or
some
other
extraordinary
occasions
.
Or
put
down
(
as
God
forbid
he
should
)
or
seise
as
forfeited
by
misuser
,
which
many
will
be
found
to
have
deserved
,
all
the
Fairs
and
Markets
in
the
Kingdome
,
or
some
great
part
of
them
;
or
forbid
for
some
time
,
as
hath
been
antiently
done
,
all
the
Markets
in
two
or
three
Counties
,
and
command
the
people
to
bring
their
victuals
and
provisions
to
be
sold
where
the
Kings
or
the
Publick
necessities
or
occasions
wanted
them
,
or
allow
but
one
or
two
in
a
County
at
the
chiefest
or
greatest
of
Cities
or
Towns
;
or
as
King
Henry
the
third
did
strictly
command
the
assise
of
bread
,
wine
,
c●a
s.
20
H.
3.
m.
24
in
dorso
.
beer
and
victuals
to
be
kept
in
Oxford
in
debito
statu
secundum
precium
bladi
,
&
sicut
in
aliis
Burgis
&
Villis
,
as
it
ought
according
to
the
price
of
corn
,
and
as
was
used
to
be
in
other
Towns
and
Burrows
,
threatning
them
,
that
if
they
neglected
to
doe
it
,
he
would
seise
and
take
the
Town
into
his
own
hands
;
and
at
the
same
time
setting
a
rate
or
price
upon
wines
,
gave
the
Magistrates
of
that
Town
to
understand
,
that
whoever
did
otherwise
,
ad
corpus
suum
graviter
se
caperet
,
&
omnia
vina
sua
a
Vice-comite
suo
Oxon.
in
manum
suam
capi
praeciperet
,
should
be
arrested
and
have
all
his
wines
seised
,
or
limit
them
to
such
rigorous
observances
,
as
the
Saxon
and
some
of
the
Norman
Kings
did
command
&
require
to
have
witnesses
and
Vouchers
for
all
that
the
people
should
sell
or
buy
.
Or
if
upon
that
or
some
other
causes
or
grounds
there
were
no
Markets
or
Fairs
to
resort
unto
,
or
vent
the
plenty
or
over-plus
of
the
peoples
corn
,
cattel
,
fruits
,
fish
,
flesh
,
butter
,
cheese
,
poultrie
,
or
other
provisions
or
commodities
:
and
that
by
tarrying
at
their
own
houses
they
could
not
be
informed
what
rates
they
would
yeild
,
or
what
some
over-lavishly
have
given
for
the
like
or
for
less
or
worse
then
theirs
,
which
is
usually
a
great
cause
of
the
enhaunce
of
prices
in
the
endeavours
of
all
people
to
get
as
much
for
their
commodities
as
they
finde
others
have
gotten
,
or
as
much
or
more
as
by
any
pretences
or
frauds
they
can
procure
for
them
,
there
would
be
so
much
and
so
great
a
cheapness
and
plenty
of
our
native
commodities
as
would
draw
along
with
them
,
or
cause
a
great
abatement
in
the
rates
of
setting
▪
or
letting
of
land
,
and
bring
us
again
into
some
part
of
that
hospitality
,
charity
and
alms
deeds
,
which
our
pious
Progenitors
made
to
be
a
great
part
of
their
cares
and
business
,
and
rescue
us
from
those
great
sinnes
of
avarice
,
envie
,
Pride
,
uncharitableness
,
cozening
,
cheating
and
oppression
,
under
which
the
Land
grones
,
and
for
which
Gods
judgements
like
a
sword
hanging
over
our
heads
in
a
small
silk
or
hair
,
are
ready
to
destroy
us
.
And
we
should
quickly
find
by
the
want
of
Fairs
and
Markets
that
which
our
daily
experience
now
tells
us
to
be
true
,
that
they
are
the
Markets
and
Fairs
which
doe
make
and
yeeld
a
greater
price
then
can
be
had
at
home
at
the
peoples
own
houses
;
that
the
Markets
and
Fairs
,
which
are
a
blessing
and
happiness
to
the
people
,
granted
by
our
Kings
and
Princes
,
not
now
to
be
wanted
,
with
a
Safety
,
and
Protection
in
viis
(
Regiis
)
aquis
Silvis
&
Semitis
,
in
or
through
his
high-wayes
,
or
by
land
or
water
(
very
often
denied
by
private
men
through
their
own
lands
and
Jurisdictions
)
which
our
forefathers
not
deserving
to
be
called
fools
by
their
les●
wise
generations
for
obtaining
for
them
so
many
good
Laws
&
Liberties
,
understood
to
be
so
much
the
Kings
rights
and
favours
,
as
in
the
old
Grants
and
Charters
made
by
the
King
of
any
lands
or
liberties
unto
them
,
they
thought
themselves
never
safe
enough
unless
those
words
and
priviledges
were
specially
inserted
.
And
it
is
obvious
to
all
mens
experience
,
that
by
the
intercourse
and
commerce
of
the
people
one
with
another
in
the
accommodation
of
one
anothers
wants
,
affection
,
interest
present
necessities
or
occasions
,
the
prices
of
all
manner
of
commodities
,
victuals
,
and
provisions
have
been
very
much
raised
and
heightned
more
then
formerly
;
or
when
the
buyers
were
not
so
numerous
,
and
that
the
vie
and
biddings
which
are
usually
found
and
to
be
met
with
at
Fairs
and
Markets
,
doe
much
raise
and
enhaunce
them
farre
above
the
reall
worth
,
or
for
what
otherwise
they
might
be
had
with
a
reasonable
gain
and
profit
for
the
things
themselves
,
or
recompence
for
labour
of
bringing
them
thither
,
as
is
often
found
in
the
way
of
Holland
and
some
other
forreign
parts
;
now
used
by
our
English
and
other
Merchants
of
Londan
,
in
selling
goods
or
merchandise
by
an
inch
or
small
piece
of
candle
set
up
to
burn
for
a
small
time
,
with
a
condition
that
he
that
bids
most
before
it
be
out
shall
have
it
,
in
which
contest
or
striving
who
shall
have
the
commodity
;
the
hasty
or
over-biddings
as
the
candle
goes
almost
out
makes
the
price
to
be
sometimes
a
fifth
and
sometimes
a
tenth
more
then
it
is
truly
worth
;
and
if
it
chance
to
be
no
loss
or
but
a
small
one
to
him
that
winns
the
bargain
,
it
is
because
it
may
more
conduce
to
some
one
particular
occasion
or
affair
which
that
party
hath
for
it
more
then
another
.
That
the
Markets
or
Fairs
in
Cities
or
great
Towns
of
trade
where
there
are
more
people
,
a
larger
expence
and
more
delicate
way
of
living
brings
the
sellers
or
Market
people
a
meli●ur
marchè
,
or
better
gain
or
return
then
they
would
or
could
get
by
carrying
it
to
some
lesser
Town
or
place
not
so
much
frequented
.
And
that
the
ground
and
soyl
near
those
Market
Towns
are
much
bettered
and
imp●oved
by
the
ordure
,
dirt
and
dung
of
Horses
or
Cattel
in
the
Streets
or
Stables
carried
out
and
laid
upon
it
.
That
the
loss
supposed
by
the
duty
or
compositions
for
the
Pourveyance
would
not
come
up
to
the
fortieth
or
fiftieth
part
of
what
they
would
be
otherwise
loosers
in
the
fall
of
their
rents
and
prices
.
And
be
at
last
assured
to
their
losses
that
there
can
be
no
reason
that
all
or
many
of
the
people
who
can
now
take
or
receive
advantage
by
their
own
heightning
and
enhaunce
of
the
prices
of
provisions
at
home
or
at
the
Markets
,
and
so
greatly
improve
their
estates
by
it
against
the
min●
and
intent
of
the
King
and
his
Laws
,
should
stretch
and
raise
all
they
can
their
rates
and
prises
upon
him
,
or
should
in
his
particular
of
his
Praeemption
,
Pourveyance
,
or
Compositions
for
it
,
take
advantage
or
benefit
by
their
own
wrongs
or
breach
of
the
Law
,
which
by
the
rule
or
maxime
of
the
Civil
Law
,
that
N●mo
ex
suo
delicto
meliorem
suam
conditionem
facere
potest
,
no
man
is
to
make
himself
a
gainer
by
his
own
evil
doings
is
not
permitted
,
De
cius
de
regul
▪
Juris
regul.
176
▪
and
our
Common
Law
is
not
willing
to
allow
a
man
to
take
benefit
de
son
tort
of
his
own
wrongfull
actions
.
Or
if
that
shall
not
be
enough
to
make
the
experiment
let
the
most
froward
and
unwilling
to
that
Duty
and
reasonableness
of
the
Praeemption
or
Compositions
for
Pourveyance
,
suppose
that
which
was
grown
to
be
almost
more
then
a
supposition
▪
that
Oliver
the
Cheat
as
well
as
Darling
of
the
Factious
and
Rebellious
part
of
the
people
,
and
the
Patrono
of
all
or
many
of
their
wicked
doings
,
had
as
William
the
Conqueror
all
the
Lands
of
England
in
his
demeasn
power
or
disposing
,
and
given
to
all
the
people
more
then
eight
parts
in
nine
(
the
Tithes
or
Tenths
being
reserved
to
God
and
the
Clergie
)
with
all
their
Liberties
,
Courts-Leet
and
Baron
,
Franchises
,
Priviledges
of
Free-warren
,
Fishing
,
Trade
and
Commerce
,
Markets
,
Fairs
and
Tolls
,
with
many
other
Immunities
and
Freedoms
which
the
bounty
and
indulgence
of
our
more
lawfull
Kings
and
Princes
have
from
age
to
age
,
and
one
generation
to
another
,
given
and
granted
to
them
and
their
heirs
in
perpetuity
,
speciall
or
generall
tail
,
and
think
but
how
willing
and
glad
they
would
have
been
before
they
were
given
,
or
afterwards
(
the
late
little
benevolence
being
given
to
the
King
after
the
greatest
Act
of
Oblivion
or
Indempnity
,
which
ever
Englishmen
or
any
other
people
had
bestowed
upon
them
,
teaching
us
the
difference
betwixt
after
and
before
and
between
a
willingness
to
receive
benefits
and
promises
of
gratitude
and
thankfulness
after
they
are
had
and
received
)
to
have
given
him
in
perpetuity
as
much
or
a
great
deal
more
than
ever
the
P●aeemption
,
Pourveyance
or
Composition
for
it
would
have
amounted
unto
,
and
imprecated
curses
and
woes
as
many
or
more
then
the
plagues
of
Egypt
to
have
fallen
upon
them
and
their
after
generations
neglecting
it
;
for
it
is
ever
to
be
understood
that
the
Subsidies
,
Assessements
and
other
Ayds
given
to
the
Kings
and
Princes
of
England
by
their
Subjects
and
People
in
Parliament
,
or
at
any
time
taken
or
otherwise
received
by
them
,
have
been
more
with
respect
unto
their
own
particular
Estates
,
included
in
the
safety
of
his
greater
,
and
his
granting
them
free
and
general
pardons
,
not
only
for
offences
criminal
committed
one
against
another
,
but
for
offences
committed
against
the
King
,
and
incroachments
and
intrusions
upon
the
royal
Revenves
,
and
for
his
Royal
protection
and
defending
of
them
,
and
preserving
them
in
their
peace
and
plenty
,
then
as
for
any
retributions
or
acknowledgements
of
their
favours
shewed
to
any
or
many
in
particular
.
There
being
as
much
reason
for
the
King
to
expect
and
receive
the
presents
or
acknowledgements
of
his
people
,
Grotius
Annotat
.
ad
vet.
Testament
.
without
which
the
people
were
accustomed
not
to
come
unto
their
Kings
,
and
continued
long
after
to
be
a
custome
,
as
may
be
understood
by
the
Kings
or
Wise
men
coming
out
of
the
East
to
worship
and
adore
our
blessed
Saviour
at
his
birth
,
and
is
at
this
day
not
disused
in
the
Africk
and
Asiatick
Countries
.
And
did
not
,
nor
ought
to
dull
or
lessen
the
alacrity
and
payment
of
other
necessary
duties
and
tributes
,
when
as
Solomon
,
besides
the
provisions
of
his
Houshold
,
brought
and
served
in
every
year
by
a
rate
;
and
what
he
had
of
the
Governors
of
the
Countrey
(
which
if
they
were
not
provisions
,
or
conducing
thereunto
,
might
be
some
other
Tributes
)
and
did
receive
Gold
and
Tributes
(
or
Customs
)
of
the
Merchant
men
of
the
Traf●ick
of
the
Spice
Merchants
.
For
if
it
hath
been
reason
every
where
,
and
amongst
all
Nations
where
either
subjection
and
duty
to
superiors
,
or
humane
prudence
had
any
entertainment
or
abode
,
to
take
as
much
care
as
may
be
of
general
and
publick
safeties
▪
when
the
safeties
of
particulars
are
included
and
comprehended
in
them
,
and
to
be
willing
in
the
common
or
publick
calamities
of
a
Warre
already
fastned
upon
them
,
or
hope
to
prevent
them
,
readily
to
contribute
to
their
Princes
,
or
permit
them
to
take
provisions
sometimes
without
any
price
at
all
,
and
at
other
times
but
at
reasonable
prises
,
in
order
to
their
preservation
,
or
repelling
of
evils
or
inconveniences
which
would
a
great
deal
more
molest
or
trouble
them
,
or
to
give
him
or
his
Army
free
quarter
,
as
the
men
of
Israel
&
Juda
did
unto
David
their
King
,
or
bring
or
send
victuals
and
provisions
to
his
Camp
or
marching
Army
,
and
can
think
it
no
ill
husbandry
though
they
have
but
the
day
before
paid
contribution
to
the
Enemy
,
had
much
of
their
Cattel
and
Provisions
taken
away
by
the
Enemy
,
a
Husband
,
Brother
,
or
Sonne
killed
,
women
and
children
slain
and
butchered
,
and
the
bloody
and
dreadfull
Scenes
or
Pageants
of
Warre
every
where
to
be
seen
,
heard
of
,
or
lamented
,
or
to
do
as
the
Danes
did
lately
to
the
unjustly
invading
Swedes
,
give
money
to
keep
their
houses
from
spoiling
or
burning
.
It
can
be
no
less
then
reason
to
contribute
something
yearly
to
a
King
,
who
not
only
keeps
us
from
those
and
many
other
woes
and
miseries
by
land
and
by
Sea
,
but
daily
heapes
and
multiplies
his
blessings
upon
us
in
protecting
and
defending
us
;
and
not
only
gave
many
of
us
our
Vineyards
,
but
procureth
us
all
to
sit
quietly
under
the
shadow
,
pleasure
,
content
and
fruitfulness
of
our
ow●
vines
;
and
by
his
care
at
home
and
abroad
preserves
us
and
our
Estates
in
an
envied
peace
and
plenty
.
And
be
the
more
willing
to
allow
him
his
Praeemption
and
Compositions
for
Pourveyance
,
which
amounts
not
unto
the
two
hundreth
or
five
hundreth
part
,
and
sometimes
not
the
one
thousand
part
or
more
of
the
expence
and
losses
which
warre
and
the
many
times
not
to
be
avoided
unruliness
and
spoil
thereof
may
bring
upon
them
.
Unless
like
Ulisses
Companions
transformed
into
Swine
by
the
accursed
charms
of
a
Cir●e
,
or
inticements
of
selfish
or
foolish
interests
for
the
maintenance
of
our
vices
and
luxuries
,
we
should
think
it
to
be
either
Religion
,
Duty
,
Conscience
,
Reason
,
or
Prudence
,
to
take
all
we
can
from
a
King
,
who
is
the
Guardian
of
all
his
people
,
and
a
nursing
Father
to
the
Church
,
which
his
Royal
Progenitors
,
Kings
of
England
,
were
so
long
agoe
accustomed
to
rank
amongst
their
principall
cares
,
as
in
the
23.
year
of
the
Reign
of
King
Edward
the
first
it
was
alledged
in
a
pleading
,
and
allowed
for
law
&
right
reason
,
that
Ecclesia
est
infra
aetatem
,
&
in
custodia
Regis
qui
tenetur
jura
&
haereditates
ejusdem
manu
tenere
&
defendere
,
coram
.
●eg●
.
the
Church
is
as
an
Infant
under
age
,
and
in
the
custody
of
the
King
,
who
is
bound
to
defend
and
maintain
its
rights
,
estates
and
hereditaments
,
who
governs
by
no
Arbitrary
will
or
power
,
but
by
our
known
Lawes
,
which
are
so
excellent
beyond
all
the
Laws
of
other
Nations
,
so
rational
,
so
binding
and
transcendent
,
so
carefully
watching
over
the
peoples
liberties
and
proprieties
,
such
a
Buckler
,
Guard
and
strong
Tower
of
defence
unto
them
,
and
poenal
to
all
that
shall
but
execute
any
unjust
or
illegall
commands
,
tending
to
the
violation
of
them
,
(
not
to
be
denied
by
the
most
seditious
,
and
undutifull
Subjects
,
when
they
shall
but
be
pleased
to
be
friends
and
at
peace
with
their
reason
and
understanding
)
as
if
by
any
divine
punishment
proceeding
from
an
iratum
Numen
,
an
angry
and
just
God
,
after
ages
should
find
England
to
be
governed
by
a
King
or
Prince
as
cruel
as
Nero
or
Commodus
,
and
as
arbitrary
and
unruly
as
some
of
the
Roman
or
Eastern
Emperors
have
been
,
there
cannot
untill
the
sword
shall
have
cut
the
strings
of
our
Magna
Charta
,
and
silenced
or
banished
the
Laws
,
be
any
oppression
or
evil
happen
to
the
people
,
without
the
Balm
of
Gilead
,
and
remedies
as
quickly
brought
and
found
out
by
our
Lawes
as
there
can
be
any
necessities
or
occasions
of
them
.
Wherefore
we
should
not
like
people
altogether
transported
and
carried
out
of
humanity
into
a
Lycanthropia
or
woolfish
nature
,
think
it
to
be
rationall
,
honest
,
or
becoming
us
instead
of
every
mans
saying
,
Domine
quid
retribuam
,
Lord
what
shall
I
render
thee
for
all
thy
benefits
,
to
make
it
the
greatest
of
our
care
,
imployment
,
and
business
not
only
to
take
from
the
King
,
but
keep
all
we
can
from
him
.
And
if
they
would
or
could
tell
how
to
doe
it
without
the
just
reproach
of
disloyalty
,
dishonesty
and
villany
,
should
not
do
it
in
his
Praeemption
,
Pourveyance
,
or
Compositions
for
it
,
when
it
concerns
him
so
much
and
so
nearly
in
his
honour
,
and
the
daily
bread
and
sustenance
of
himself
and
his
Royal
Family
,
when
he
expendeth
for
want
of
his
Pourveyances
or
compositions
for
them
,
yearly
more
then
he
did
when
he
enjoyed
them
,
as
may
appear
by
a
just
accompt
and
calculation
lately
made
by
his
Majesties
special
command
,
no
less
then
seventy
three
thousand
six
hundred
seaven
pounds
fourteen
shillings
and
seaven
pence
in
his
Houshold
and
Stable
provisions
,
besides
the
extraordinaries
of
Carriages
for
his
Navy
,
Provisions
and
Ammunition
,
and
what
would
have
been
added
unto
it
,
if
he
had
,
as
other
Kings
or
Princes
,
gone
his
Sommer
Progress
,
when
the
want
of
it
is
so
unbecomming
a
King
,
and
the
aspect
of
it
when
he
had
it
,
was
in
CHAP.
IV.
The
right
use
of
the
Praeemption
and
Pourveyance
,
and
Compositions
for
them
.
SO
lovely
and
very
well
imployed
,
and
canont
by
rules
of
truth
,
reason
and
understanding
be
gainsaid
by
the
most
disffaected
and
worst
of
Subjects
,
when
they
shall
but
please
to
take
into
their
consideration
▪
That
the
magnificence
and
bounty
of
a
King
in
his
house
,
and
the
method
and
manner
used
therein
is
no
small
part
of
the
increase
,
continuance
,
and
support
of
his
power
,
reverence
,
honor
,
and
awe
;
which
are
so
necessary
and
essentiall
to
the
good
and
well-being
of
a
King
and
his
People
,
as
they
cannot
be
wanted
,
but
are
and
should
be
the
adjuncts
and
concomitants
of
the
Royall
or
Princely
,
dignity
and
like
Hypocrates
Twins
,
subsist
in
one
another
,
which
the
wisdome
of
the
Antients
as
well
as
modern
,
and
all
Nations
and
People
under
the
Sun
,
and
even
the
naked
,
wild
and
savage
part
of
them
have
by
a
Jure
Gentium
and
eternall
Law
of
Nature
,
derived
from
divine
instinct
,
allowance
,
and
patern
in
the
infancy
of
the
world
,
fifth
Commandement
,
Pharaoh
King
of
Egypt
having
those
requisites
and
decorums
,
which
the
Kings
and
Princes
of
those
early
dayes
had
appertaining
to
their
Royall
super-eminence
and
dignities
,
him
in
fine
linnen
and
silks
,
put
a
gold
chain
about
his
neck
,
make
him
to
ride
in
his
second
Charriot
,
and
cause
a
Cry
or
Proclamation
to
be
made
before
him
,
that
every
man
should
bow
the
knee
.
David
,
that
was
but
the
Sonne
of
Jesse
the
Bethlemite
,
and
once
a
Keeper
of
his
Fathers
few
sheep
,
as
his
envying
brother
told
him
,
in
the
Wilderness
(
or
Common
)
and
was
taken
,
as
God
himself
said
,
from
the
Sheep-coat
,
would
not
,
when
he
came
to
be
King
,
omit
the
dues
and
regalities
,
which
belonged
unto
Kings
,
though
he
could
in
a
gratefull
acknowledgment
say
unto
God
,
Who
am
I
,
O
Lord
God
,
and
what
is
my
house
that
thou
hast
brought
me
hither
;
but
could
think
it
comely
and
fitting
for
him
as
a
King
to
dwell
in
a
house
of
Cedars
.
And
King
Solomon
his
Son
,
who
expending
7
years
in
the
building
of
the
Temple
and
House
of
God
,
was
thirteen
years
in
building
of
his
own
house
,
and
another
magnificent
and
stately
house
of
the
Forrest
of
Lebanon
,
and
another
for
the
Queen
his
Wife
,
which
was
the
Daughter
of
Pharaoh
,
shields
of
beaten
gold
,
three
pound
to
every
shield
,
put
into
his
house
of
the
Forrest
:
his
sumptuous
Throne
of
Ivory
over-laid
with
the
best
gold
,
the
like
whereof
was
not
in
any
Kingdome
;
drinking
vessels
,
and
all
the
vessels
of
Gold
in
that
house
;
and
kept
that
state
and
order
in
his
Tables
,
in
the
sitting
of
his
servants
at
meat
,
the
attendance
of
his
Ministers
and
their
Apparrel
,
and
his
Cup-bearers
:
as
the
Queen
of
Sheba
coming
unto
him
with
a
very
great
Train
,
was
so
much
astonished
thereat
,
and
the
house
that
he
had
built
,
as
there
was
no
more
spirit
in
her
,
and
confessed
,
that
what
she
had
seen
with
her
own
eyes
was
more
by
half
then
what
was
told
her
in
her
own
Land
.
All
which
being
allowed
by
God
as
necessary
honors
for
Kings
,
conservations
of
respects
,
and
allurements
to
the
obedience
and
esteem
which
were
to
be
paid
and
performed
by
the
people
,
were
not
put
in
the
Catalogue
of
that
Prince
and
great
Master
of
wisdomes
failings
,
or
not
walking
in
the
wayes
of
God
,
or
doing
that
which
was
right
in
his
eyes
,
and
keeping
his
Statutes
and
Judgements
,
as
his
Father
David
did
.
Neither
were
those
Royal
and
great
Feasts
made
long
after
by
Ahasuerus
,
which
reigned
from
India
unto
Ethiopia
,
to
his
Princes
and
Servants
,
the
Nobles
and
Princes
of
his
Provinces
for
one
hundre●
〈◊〉
eighty
daies
:
Or
the
state
of
that
mighty
King
whe●
〈◊〉
shewed
the
honour
of
his
Excellent
Majesty
▪
when
as
white
,
green
,
and
blue
Hangings
,
were
fastned
with
cords
of
fine
linnen
and
purple
to
silver
rings
and
pillars
of
marble
▪
with
Beds
of
gold
and
silver
,
upon
a
pavement
of
red
,
blue
,
white
and
black
marble
,
and
gave
them
drink
in
vessels
of
gold
,
according
to
the
state
of
the
King
,
put
under
any
note
or
character
of
blame
.
But
those
and
other
due
respects
have
so
alwaies
attended
the
world
,
and
the
good
order
and
government
of
it
under
Monarchy
,
and
Kings
and
Princes
through
all
the
changes
and
chances
thereof
,
as
it
may
be
taken
to
be
as
universall
a
Law
of
Nature
and
Custome
or
Nations
,
as
the
duty
and
honor
of
Children
to
their
Parents
,
and
the
love
of
Parents
to
their
Children
,
when
we
find
all
the
Kings
and
Potentates
of
Europe
,
Asia
,
Africa
,
and
America
to
have
maintained
their
Honors
and
Regalities
by
the
state
which
they
used
in
their
Palaces
and
extraordinary
Buildings
,
witness
the
House
or
Palace
of
Julius
Caesar
,
who
,
as
Plutarch
saith
,
had
ornatus
&
majestatis
causa
,
some
Acrosteria
or
fastigia
,
Turrets
or
Pinacles
for
ornament
and
majesty
placed
thereupon
,
the
Escurial
of
Spain
,
the
Louvre
of
France
,
the
Palaces
and
Piazza's
of
the
Roman
Emperors
of
those
of
Greece
and
the
Grand
Signieur
,
the
Colledges
publick
and
costly
buildings
of
the
Kings
of
Fez
and
Morocco
,
the
stately
Palaces
of
the
Sophy
or
Emperor
of
Persia
,
the
Mogol
,
Emperour
or
Dairo
of
China
,
the
Caesar
of
Japan
,
and
the
quondam
Emperour
of
Mexico
in
the
West-Indies
,
which
stood
not
alone
or
solitary
for
the
wonder
of
passengers
,
or
habitation
only
of
Jack-daws
,
as
too
many
of
〈◊〉
uses
of
our
Nobility
and
Gentry
doe
now
fo●●ant
of
hospitality
or
the
owners
residence
,
but
were
ever
attended
with
a
numerous
and
fitting
retinue
of
Servants
,
extracted
out
of
the
best
and
greatest
Families
of
their
Kingdoms
,
and
the
wisest
and
most
virtuous
,
who
,
as
the
Scripture
saith
,
being
cloathed
in
silks
and
fine
rayment
,
had
the
honor
to
stand
before
Princes
,
who
had
their
Crowns
of
gold
,
rich
habiliments
and
costly
utinsils
,
their
Jura
&
insignia
Majestatis
,
rights
and
Ceremonies
appropriate
to
Majesty
,
and
an
Apartment
state
or
fence
betwixt
them
and
the
common
usage
or
contempt
of
the
people
:
The
which
was
so
customary
and
usual
in
Davids
time
,
a●
forespeaking
the
royalty
of
Solomon
,
which
was
to
succeed
him
,
he
doth
in
his
Psalms
or
holy
Songs
informe
us
,
that
the
Kings
glory
is
great
in
Gods
salvation
,
who
hath
laid
Honour
and
Majesty
upon
him
;
all
his
garments
smel
of
Myrrhe
Aloes
and
Cassia
,
out
of
the
Ivory
Palace
whereby
they
have
made
him
glad
:
upon
his
right
hand
did
stand
the
Queen
in
gold
of
Ophir
;
the
Kings
Daughter
is
all
glorious
her
clothing
is
of
wrought
gold
,
and
her
raiment
of
needle
work
.
Nor
would
the
outward
pomp
and
shew
of
Kings
and
their
Palaces
,
Apparrel
,
Ensignes
of
Honor
and
Majesty
,
and
all
those
Rites
and
ornaments
which
doe
belong
unto
their
Grandeur
and
Majesty
be
intire
,
or
as
it
should
be
,
if
there
were
not
a
plenty
and
state
also
in
their
feeding
daily
recruits
of
nature
and
life
,
and
hospitality
.
All
which
put
together
in
a
comely
and
most
necessary
combination
and
harmony
,
do
with
the
virtue
,
power
,
prudence
and
goodness
of
Kings
and
common
Parents
,
constitute
and
make
that
honor
which
doth
justly
belong
unto
them
,
and
so
necessary
as
God
himself
commanded
it
by
word
of
mouth
,
twice
wrote
it
with
his
own
finger
,
and
by
an
early
example
severely
punished
Korah
,
Dathan
and
Abiram
for
murmuring
against
Moses
.
And
therefore
the
Apostle
Peter
instructed
by
the
Holy
Ghost
,
commands
us
(
as
if
one
could
not
be
without
the
other
)
to
fear
God
and
honour
the
King
:
And
Aristotle
who
had
been
much
at
home
as
well
as
abroad
,
and
no
young
beginner
or
Pupil
in
Politicks
,
but
a
Master
of
that
most
excellent
and
useful
kind
of
learning
,
how
to
govern
and
obey
,
could
even
in
his
ignorance
of
God
and
of
the
Scriptures
,
which
he
thought
not
worthy
his
reading
,
Aristotle
lib.
2.
de
Repub.
conclude
that
,
Qua
in
civitate
non
maximus
virtuti
honos
tribuitur
in
ea
optimus
civitate
status
stabilis
&
firmus
esse
nullo
modo
potest
;
no
Common-wealth
can
be
lasting
or
happy
where
the
greatest
honour
is
not
given
to
virtue
:
And
St.
Hierom
,
a
better
Tutor
in
Christianity
tells
us
,
Hieron
.
Epist.
that
ubi
honor
non
est
,
ibi
contemptus
,
ubi
contemptus
,
ibi
frequens
injuria
&
indignatio
&
ibi
quies
nulla
;
where
there
is
not
honor
there
is
contempt
,
and
where
there
is
contempt
,
there
are
injuries
and
anger
,
and
where
anger
&
wrath
no
manner
of
quiet
,
which
to
the
Common
people
when
Princes
are
wronged
and
enforced
to
take
arms
or
use
the
sword
,
is
as
good
as
a
wind
or
Brawl
amongst
glasses
.
And
that
which
my
worthy
friend
,
the
very
virtuous
and
learned
Franciscus
Junius
,
the
Sonne
of
that
pious
and
learned
Franciscus
Junius
,
who
with
Tremelius
the
Jew
translated
the
Bible
or
Book
of
God
out
of
the
originall
languages
,
hath
in
his
laborious
travails
and
searches
into
the
old
Reunick
,
Gothick
,
Danish
and
Frisick
languages
,
and
the
Etymologies
and
Antiquities
of
the
old
Greek
and
Celtick
Languages
,
and
the
Saxon
with
her
people
derived
from
them
,
been
pleased
to
communicate
unto
me
,
is
not
unworthy
observation
,
that
the
word
Lord
was
antiently
amongst
the
English
Saxons
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
and
afterwards
came
to
be
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
from
whence
per
contractum
or
abbreviaion
it
came
to
be
called
lord
,
Et
quotquot
se
in
magnatis
alicujus
clientelam
se
commendaverant
appellaverunt
dominum
suum
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
quoòd
suppeditasset
panem
(
i.
e.
omne
alimentum
)
qui
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
dicebatur
.
And
as
many
as
came
to
be
under
the
protection
of
any
Lord
,
or
to
hold
Lands
of
them
,
did
call
their
Lord
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
which
signified
a
giver
of
bread
,
because
he
afforded
●hem
bre●d
,
which
was
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
to
which
Etymologie
agre●th
the
Cambro-Britannick
,
or
Welch
derivation
by
Mr.
John
Davies
,
where
he
deriveth
Satrapa●
nobilem
dominum
,
a
Noble-man
Lord
o●
Governor
of
a
Province
,
ab
Hebraea
radice
significante
pavit
&
rexit
homines
,
from
an
Hebrew
root
or
original
,
signifying
one
that
fed
as
well
as
governed
men
,
which
Goropius
Becanus
alloweth
to
be
the
meaning
of
the
Dutch
word
H●●t
,
which
signifieth
prebentem
vel
offerentem
alimenta
▪
a
giver
of
victuals
and
food
;
from
which
word
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
saith
Mr.
Junius
,
who
although
he
be
a
Dutchman
born
,
yet
is
very
well
acquainted
with
the
English
language
by
many
years
conversation
amongst
us
,
remaineth
amongst
us
to
this
day
the
word
loaf
(
or
b●ead
)
and
the
word
Lady
so
much
esteemed
amongst
us
,
and
misused
and
altered
in
the
antient
and
honorable
origination
of
it
was
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
a
bread
giver
,
not
a
converter
of
their
Husbands
and
his
Auncestors
Manors
,
Lands
,
Woods
and
Hospitality
into
Coaches
,
Lacquies
,
and
the
●urnishing
out
of
their
over-costly
Jewels
and
Apparrel
,
Paintings
,
and
making
new
faces
,
Black-patches
or
the
Devils
Brand-marks
,
forty
,
fifty
,
or
a
hundred
pounds
lost
in
a
night
or
afternoon
at
Cards
,
and
running
up
and
down
like
so
many
costly
and
expensive
Cleopatra's
,
and
half
a
dozen
or
a
dozen
of
Mark
Anthonies
a●ter
them
;
make
it
their
business
to
be
lascivious
and
luxurious
,
to
tempt
and
be
tempted
,
and
doe
the
Devil
service
.
When
their
Mothers
and
Grandams
were
better
imployed
in
the
more
honest
and
honourable
imployments
of
hospitality
,
house-keeping
,
charity
and
alms-deeds
,
and
receiving
the
love
,
honour
and
applause
of
their
Tenants
and
poor
Neighbours
.
And
their
Husbands
Ancestors
if
of
any
time
or
standing
,
and
not
upstarts
,
made
it
their
honour
as
well
as
business
to
imitate
their
Progenitors
,
the
old
(
not
now
drinking
)
Germans
,
who
as
Tacitus
mentions
in
their
Customes
,
Tacitus
d●
Mori●us
Germanorum
c
1.13
▪
&
●4
.
were
to
their
Princes
in
pace
decus
,
in
bello
praesidium
(
which
may
shew
us
the
grand
esteem
,
antient
and
noble
use
of
Tenures
by
Knight-service
)
an
honor
in
Peace
&
a
Guard
in
war
;
and
made
it
their
glory
,
si
numero
&
virtute
comitatus
emineant
,
if
they
had
a
great
number
of
Tenants
and
Retainers
following
them
,
insomuch
as
ipsa
plerumque
fama
Belli
profligant
,
the
fame
and
fear
of
them
did
many
times
prevent
warres
and
promote
peace
;
Et
quum
ventum
in
aciem
turpe
principi
virtute
vinci
turpe
comitatui
virtutem
principis
non
adaequare
,
&
infame
per
omnem
vitam
at
probrosum
superstitem
principi
suo
ex
acie
recessisse
illum
defendere
tueri
sua
quoque
fortia
facta
gloriae
ejus
assignare
praecipuum
sacramentum
est
Principes
pro
victoria
pugnant
Comites
pro
Principe
;
and
when
they
were
in
battel
the
Prince
or
King
took
it
to
be
a
shame
and
dishonor
to
be
out-done
in
valour
,
&
those
who
attended
him
thought
it
to
be
as
much
unworthy
not
to
imitate
him
,
&
a
great
disgrace
all
their
life
after
to
leave
him
in
the
field
and
come
home
without
any
wounds
,
their
greatest
care
being
to
defend
him
,
and
to
asc●ibe
and
offer
all
their
valiant
Acts
to
his
renown
and
glory
,
their
Prince
fighting
for
victory
,
&
their
Attendants
for
their
Prince
,
Magnaque
&
Comitum
aemulatio
quibus
primum
apud
principum
locus
exigunt
principis
liberalitate
illum
bellatorem
equum
illam
cruentam
victricemque
frameam
nam
epulae
&
quanquam
contempti
largi
tamen
apparatus
pro
stipendio
cedunt
,
and
vied
who
should
be
nearest
their
Princes
in
all
their
dangers
,
and
believed
themselves
to
be
well
rewarded
,
if
by
the
bounty
of
the
Prince
they
had
such
a
charging
Horse
,
or
such
a
bloody
and
conquering
Spear
bestowed
upon
them
:
for
as
to
wages
they
were
very
well
contented
with
Feasts
,
and
a
large
provision
of
victuals
,
though
homely
drest
.
And
by
such
or
the
like
longa
series
,
or
continuance
of
duties
and
obedience
to
Princes
,
kindness
and
hospitality
of
the
more
great
and
powerful
to
the
meaner
,
came
that
strength
and
honor
of
our
Nation
;
not
by
screwing
or
racking
their
Tenants
,
and
the
Lands
which
they
let
them
,
but
by
easie
and
cheap
bargains
,
when
the
Tenant
would
be
well
content
to
make
his
Rents
to
his
Landlord
to
be
as
much
in
love
and
retribution
as
in
money
;
and
both
were
no
loosers
when
provisions
for
house-keeping
were
so
much
and
excessively
reserved
or
presented
;
Spelman
Gloss.
in
voce
Firma
.
for
Prisci
autem
moris
(
saith
Sir
Henry
Spelman
)
profusius
hospitalitas
annales
reditus
in
eduliis
collegisse
;
in
the
times
of
great
hospitality
,
the
manner
or
custome
of
Landlords
was
to
reserve
provisions
for
house-keeping
for
all
(
or
some
)
of
their
Rents
.
And
those
reservations
of
provisions
grew
to
be
so
excessive
,
as
before
the
Conquest
,
lege
cautum
fuit
de
quantitate
eduliorum
reddenda
,
it
was
by
a
Law
ordained
by
Ina
King
of
the
West
Saxons
,
betwixt
the
years
712.
and
727.
how
much
rent
in
provisions
should
be
taken
or
reserved
for
every
10
Hides
or
Plough
lands
,
which
Sir
Henry
Spelman
understands
to
be
a
prohibition
,
that
no
man
should
take
or
reserve
more
,
viz.
LL.
Ina
70.
-
Mellis
dolia
,
Hogsheads
or
vessels
of
Honey
(
of
which
it
seems
there
was
then
great
plenty
and
much
used
)
10
-
Panes
,
loaves
of
bread
300
-
Amphorae
Cervisiae
Wallicae
duodenae
,
twelve
Rundlets
of
Welch
Beer
or
Ale
-
Amphorae
Cervisiae
tenuioris
,
Rundlets
of
small
Ale
or
Beer
30
-
Oxen
2
-
Weather
Sheep
10
-
Geese
10
-
Hens
20
-
Cheeses
10
-
Gallons
of
Butter
,
9
-
Salmons
5
-
Twenty
pound
weight
of
Hey
or
Provender
10
-
And
Eels
100
Which
was
but
a
small
Rent
,
as
Rents
are
now
heightned
for
ten
Yards
or
plough
Lands
;
and
the
Heirs
of
those
which
held
such
proportions
of
Lands
,
upon
those
or
the
like
easie
Rents
,
or
afterwards
paid
,
and
doe
now
pay
only
as
Freeholders
,
certain
small
Quit-rents
in
money
proportionable
to
the
then
small
rates
of
such
provisions
,
may
thank
God
that
the
alteration
of
times
and
rates
of
provisions
,
have
made
them
in
such
a
condition
,
as
to
be
very
well
enabled
to
perform
their
duties
to
their
Prince
in
an
easie
contribution
for
the
composition
for
the
Royall
Pourveyances
.
And
that
most
necessary
duty
of
the
Kings
Royal
Pourveyance
,
if
he
had
not
power
to
regulate
and
bring
down
the
excessive
prises
of
provisions
,
and
at
Markets
,
as
well
for
the
ease
and
benefit
of
his
Subjects
as
himself
,
might
be
the
more
willingly
and
cheerfully
submitted
unto
and
performed
,
when
as
it
is
for
the
good
of
the
head
and
principall
part
of
the
body
Politick
,
and
when
as
that
which
the
members
do
contribute
,
is
communicated
to
all
the
members
and
parts
of
it
,
in
the
preventing
,
hindring
,
or
keeping
off
greater
inconveniencies
,
burdens
and
troubles
,
which
would
otherwise
fall
upon
them
,
or
serves
to
support
and
maintain
many
of
themselves
and
their
Sons
and
Daughters
in
the
service
of
the
King
and
his
Court
,
which
hath
raised
many
Families
(
which
now
either
forget
or
over-look
their
beginnings
,
originals
,
and
founders
)
or
to
relieve
many
poor
,
and
others
who
doe
partake
of
those
National
Blessings
of
Peace
and
plenty
,
which
are
maintained
by
the
honor
,
well-being
,
and
prosperity
of
the
King
which
procures
them
.
And
should
not
be
disliked
,
but
rather
rejoyced
in
,
when
we
shall
recount
unto
our
Children
and
posterity
the
magnificence
and
hospitality
of
our
Kings
,
when
the
great
Hall
at
Westminster
,
capable
and
large
enough
to
entertain
three
of
the
largest
Courts
of
Justice
in
the
Nation
,
besides
many
Shops
of
Trade
built
by
the
sides
thereof
,
and
receives
the
feet
of
some
hundreds
of
the
Natives
which
four
times
or
Terms
in
the
year
do
come
thither
to
demand
it
,
was
heretofore
but
the
Common
Hall
or
dining
Room
of
King
William
Rufus
.
That
Henry
the
2.
caused
corn
to
be
laid
up
in
store
in
Granaries
to
be
given
to
the
poor
in
the
time
of
dearth
in
the
parts
of
Anjou
and
Main
,
and
fed
every
day
out
of
his
Granaries
a
thousand
persons
,
from
the
beginning
of
April
untill
new
corn
was
gotten
.
William
de
Haverhull
,
and
Edward
Fitz
Odo
,
that
upon
Friday
next
after
the
Feast
of
St.
Matthias
,
being
the
Anniversary
of
Elianor
Queen
of
Scotland
his
Sister
,
they
should
cause
to
be
fed
as
many
poor
as
might
enter
into
or
be
entertained
in
the
greater
Hall
of
Westminster
.
Ibidem
m.
14.
And
in
the
same
year
did
by
his
Writ
likewise
command
the
said
William
de
Haverhull
to
feed
fifteen
thousand
Poor
at
St.
Peters
in
London
on
the
Feast
day
of
the
Conversion
of
St.
Peter
.
Ibidem
m.
18.
And
four
thousand
Poor
upon
Monday
next
after
the
Feast
of
St.
Lucie
the
Virgin
in
the
great
Hall
at
Westminster
.
Hugh
Gifford
and
William
le
Brun
,
that
upon
Friday
next
after
the
Epiphany
,
they
should
cause
to
be
fed
in
the
Hall
at
Windsor
,
ad
bonum
focum
omnes
pueros
,
paup●res
,
&
Egen●s
quot
inven●re
p●terint
,
it
a
quòd
aula
impleatur
,
si
tot
inveniantur
,
at
a
good
fire
all
the
poor
boyes
and
needdy
,
so
that
the
Hall
may
be
filled
,
if
so
many
might
be
found
.
William
de
Haverhull
,
and
Edward
of
Westminster
,
quod
singulis
diebus
a
die
Natalis
Domini
usque
ad
diem
Circumcisionis
computatis
illis
duabus
diebus
impleri
faciant
magnam
Aulam
Regis
de
pauperibus
,
&
eos
pasci
;
That
every
day
from
Christmas
to
Newyears-tide
,
reckoning
and
including
those
two
dayes
they
should
fill
the
great
Hall
of
Westminster
with
poor
and
feed
them
.
And
in
the
same
year
commanded
the
said
William
de
Haverhull
his
Treasurer
,
and
Edward
Fitz
Odo
to
feed
upon
the
day
of
Edward
the
Confessor
pauperes
in
magna
Aula
Westmonasterium
sicut
fieri
consueverunt
,
Which
would
have
cost
more
then
a
little
,
if
prices
and
plenty
of
provisions
for
food
and
victuals
had
not
better
accorded
then
now
they
doe
,
or
if
the
King
had
not
had
his
Prae-emption
and
Royal
Pourveyance
,
or
that
his
Prerogative
had
been
no
more
in
regulating
of
the
Markets
,
and
such
prises
as
the
avarice
of
the
sellers
should
enforce
upon
the
buyers
,
then
to
pay
for
his
own
houshold
provisions
double
or
treble
the
worth
and
the
utmost
farthing
.
And
174
l
would
not
have
been
sufficient
for
King
Edward
the
first
his
Son
by
his
Writ
directed
to
John
L●vetot
and
Jeofry
de
Newbald
,
Ex
Archiv
.
T●●r
.
London
.
Guardians
of
the
Temporalities
of
the
Bishoprick
of
Durham
,
to
allow
unto
Alexander
King
of
Scotland
coming
to
London
to
the
Coronation
of
his
Brother
in
Law
guarded
with
a
goodly
Troop
of
Knights
and
Gentlemen
,
pro
expensis
suis
per
quinque
septimanas
,
videlicet
singulis
diebus
centum
solidos
in
veniendo
ad
Westmonasterium
ad
mandatum
ipsius
Domini
Regis
,
&
inde
ad
partes
suas
redeundo
,
&c.
for
his
expences
for
five
weeks
,
that
is
to
say
,
five
pounds
for
every
day
in
his
coming
at
the
Kings
command
to
Westminster
(
to
do
him
homage
)
and
returning
from
thence
.
At
whose
great
Feast
and
Coronation
the
said
Alexander
King
of
Scotland
came
(
as
an
old
Manuscript
cited
by
Mr.
Weaver
mentioneth
)
to
doe
him
servyse
and
worschip
.
And
whahne
King
Edward
was
coronyd
&
annyontyd
as
ryghte
heyre
of
Eng●lond
withe
moche
honor
&
worsschyp
.
Aftur
Masse
,
the
King
went
to
hys
Paleys
for
to
holde
a
ryall
fes●e
,
amonges
them
that
hym
had
doon
servyse
and
worsschyp
.
And
whahne
he
was
set
at
hys
mete
,
King
Alexandre
of
Scotland
come
to
doe
hym
servyse
and
worsschyp
wyth
a
queyntyse
,
and
an
hondred
Knyghtes
wyth
hym
,
horsed
and
arayd
.
And
whanne
they
wered
lyght
of
theyr
horse
,
they
let
theyr
horse
goon
whether
th●y
wolde
,
and
they
that
wolde
take
them
had
them
to
their
own
behofe
without
any
challange
.
And
aftyr
that
come
Syr
Edmond
,
King
Edwards
Broder
,
a
curtayse
Knight
and
a
gentyl
of
renoon
,
and
the
Erle
of
Cornwayle
,
and
the
Erle
of
Glowcestre
.
And
aftyr
theym
come
the
Erle
of
Penbroke
,
and
the
Erle
of
Warren
,
and
eche
of
them
led
on
theyr
hondes
be
themselfe
an
hondred
Knights
disgyse
in
their
Armes
.
And
whanne
they
weren
a
lyght
of
theyr
horse
they
let
them
goo
whedyr
they
wolde
,
and
they
that
cowd
them
take
,
had
them
stylle
at
theyr
own
lyking
▪
And
whanne
all
this
was
doon
,
Kyng
Edward
dyd
his
dyligens
and
his
myght
to
amende
the
Relme
,
and
redresse
the
wronges
in
the
best
manner
,
to
the
honor
of
God
,
and
profyte
to
the
Crown
,
and
to
holy
Cherch
,
and
to
amende
the
anoyance
of
the
Common
people
.
The
worthiest
Knight
he
was
of
alle
the
world
of
honor
and
worsschyp
,
for
the
grace
of
God
was
in
hym
,
and
he
ever
had
the
victory
of
hys
enemies
.
Which
is
here
repeated
to
shew
how
well
the
people
of
those
times
liked
any
honor
done
to
their
Kings
,
and
rejoyced
in
it
.
And
not
only
in
the
better
course
and
customes
of
those
times
,
but
in
all
the
after
ages
,
untill
that
in
which
we
now
are
,
when
the
pride
,
luxurie
and
vanity
of
the
Nation
have
conquered
and
almost
extirpated
all
the
hospitalities
of
England
,
and
made
vice
and
sinfull
prodigalities
the
only
care
and
imployment
of
their
time
and
Revenues
,
could
not
leave
or
forsake
the
pathes
of
their
more
prudent
Progenitors
,
when
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
by
their
charities
,
alms-deeds
,
bounties
and
benificences
,
building
of
Churches
,
permitting
of
Copihold
Estates
,
being
only
antient
allowed
and
continued
charities
and
succouring
of
the
poor
&
needy
;
founding
of
Monasteries
,
Priories
and
Religious
houses
,
the
then
grand
supports
and
Magazines
of
charity
,
relief
&
alms-deeds
to
the
poor
,
to
travellers
&
strangers
,
and
the
sick
and
needy
,
granting
of
large
proportions
of
Commons
unto
Villages
and
Townships
in
that
which
was
part
of
their
own
Demesnes
,
and
Common
of
Estovers
&
Turbary
for
their
wood
and
firing
in
divers
of
their
Woods
and
Forrests
,
did
so
continue
the
honorable
customes
of
a
great
hospitality
,
retinue
and
Attendance
,
great
love
and
good
will
to
their
Tenants
,
who
enjoying
Lands
and
Leases
under
them
at
small
and
reasonable
Rents
,
took
them
to
be
their
tutelar
Gods
,
and
as
helps
and
refuges
in
all
their
necessities
.
And
so
intent
upon
charity
were
those
better
and
less
sinfull
times
,
and
so
much
were
the
necessities
of
the
poor
taken
to
heart
,
as
the
Bishops
and
Prelates
in
venerable
B●d●'s
time
,
which
was
long
before
the
Conquest
,
had
,
as
he
writeth
,
alwaies
on
their
Table
at
meals
an
Alms
dish
,
wherein
was
carved
some
good
portion
of
meat
out
of
every
dish
brought
unto
the
Table
,
which
the
poor
were
sure
to
have
besides
the
fragments
left
.
Ethelwald
Bishop
of
Winchester
in
the
Reign
of
King
Edgar
about
the
year
of
Christ
963.
did
in
a
great
Famine
sell
the
Plate
belonging
to
the
Church
to
relieve
the
almost
starved
people
.
Walter
de
Suffild
Bishop
of
Norwich
in
a
time
of
great
dearth
in
Anno
1245.
sold
all
his
Plate
,
and
distributed
the
money
made
thereof
unto
the
poor
.
Robert
Winchelsey
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
about
the
year
1293.
gave
besides
the
daily
fragments
of
victuals
expended
in
his
house
every
Friday
and
Sunday
unto
every
Beggar
which
came
unto
his
gate
a
loaf
of
bread
sufficient
for
a
day
,
Nor
was
the
house-keeping
,
retinue
and
attendance
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
in
those
and
after
ages
so
small
or
sparing
,
as
it
is
now
in
too
many
of
them
who
having
racked
their
Tenants
to
the
utmost
,
can
leave
their
Ancestors
great
and
stately
houses
in
the
Country
as
if
they
had
been
lately
infected
with
the
plague
,
or
were
haunted
with
some
Devils
or
Hobgoblins
,
and
employ
their
expences
,
which
would
have
been
more
honourably
laid
out
in
hospitality
,
in
treatments
of
two
or
three
hundred
pounds
at
a
time
;
&
some
of
our
prodigal
Gentry
expending
fifty
,
threescore
,
or
an
hundred
pounds
in
a
Suit
of
Apparrel
;
can
give
it
away
after
twice
or
thrice
wearing
to
a
Pimp
,
Sicophant
,
or
flattering
Servant
,
and
lose
two
hundred
or
five
hundred
pounds
in
a
night
at
Dice
or
Cards
;
give
a
hundred
pounds
for
a
needle
work
Band
,
and
expend
two
hundred
pounds
per
annum
for
Periwigs
,
and
all
the
racked
Revenue
either
laid
out
by
themselves
or
their
wives
(
who
vie
who
shall
spend
most
)
in
the
wicked
and
vain
pursuits
of
a
detestable
luxury
;
and
as
if
they
held
their
Lands
not
as
formerly
,
by
Knight
service
,
but
by
Lady
service
▪
and
their
Ancestors
had
taken
pains
to
leave
them
estates
to
play
the
mad-men
withall
,
do
make
sin
the
only
Errand
and
employments
of
their
lives
and
conversations
;
and
by
their
prodigal
expences
and
confining
themselves
to
some
few
dishes
of
meat
dressed
at
the
Common
Cooks
in
London
,
do
leave
their
Foot-boys
and
Servants
so
little
of
it
,
as
they
are
many
times
constrained
to
be
glad
with
the
bones
and
scraps
,
which
would
have
been
better
bestowed
upon
Beggars
,
and
have
reason
enough
to
believe
that
their
Masters
can
doe
no
miracles
,
nor
multiply
loaves
of
bread
or
fishes
▪
But
our
Nobility
and
Gentry
demeaned
themselves
in
a
more
honorable
,
noble
,
and
Christian
way
,
as
may
be
understood
by
that
of
Thomas
Earl
of
Lancasters
expences
in
house-keeping
in
the
Reign
of
King
Ed.
2.
when
money
was
scarcer
than
now
it
is
,
and
yet
the
account
from
Michaelmas
in
the
7.
year
of
the
Reign
of
that
King
,
unto
Michaelmas
in
the
8.
year
of
his
Reign
,
being
but
for
one
year
,
was
in
the
Buttery
,
Pantry
,
and
Kitchin
three
thousand
four
hundred
and
five
pounds
.
And
there
was
paid
for
6800
Stock-fishes
,
so
called
,
and
for
dried
Fishes
,
as
Lings
,
Haberdines
,
&c.
41
l.
—
6
s.
—
7
d.
for
one
hundred
eighty
four
Tonnes
,
and
one
Pipe
of
Clarret
wine
,
and
one
Tonne
of
white
wine
104
l.
—
17
s.
—
6
d.
gave
costly
Liveries
of
Furres
and
Purple
to
Barons
,
Knights
,
and
Esquires
,
and
paid
in
that
year
623
l.
—
15
s.
—
5
d.
to
divers
Earles
,
Barons
,
Knights
and
Esquires
for
Fees
.
The
house-keeping
of
the
Nobility
being
not
then
mean
or
ignoble
,
when
in
the
fourteenth
year
of
that
Kings
Reign
,
Survey
of
London
.
Hugh
Spencer
the
elder
was
by
Inquisition
found
to
have
been
possessed
of
at
his
several
Houses
or
Manors
28000
Sheep
,
1000
Oxen
and
Steers
,
1200
Kine
with
their
Calves
,
2000
Hogs
,
300
Bullocks
,
40
Tons
of
Wine
,
600
Bacons
,
80
Carcases
of
Martilmas
Beef
,
600
Muttons
in
the
Larder
,
and
10
Tons
of
Sider
.
Richard
Nevil
Earl
of
Warwick
in
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
fifth
had
in
his
house
oftentimes
six
Oxen
eaten
at
a
Breakfast
,
and
every
Tavern
was
full
of
his
meat
,
and
he
that
had
any
acquaintance
in
his
house
might
have
there
so
much
sodden
and
roste
,
as
he
could
prick
and
carry
upon
a
long
Dagger
.
Cardinal
Woolsey
Arch-Bishop
of
York
in
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
eighth
,
kept
no
small
house
,
when
as
his
Master
Cook
in
the
Privy
Kitchin
went
daily
in
Velvet
and
Satten
,
with
a
chain
of
Gold
about
his
neck
,
had
two
Clerks
of
the
Kitchin
,
a
Surveyor
of
the
Dresser
,
a
Clerk
of
the
Spicery
,
four
Yeomen
of
the
ordinary
Scullery
,
four
Yeomen
of
the
silver
Scullery
,
two
Yeomen
of
the
Pastery
,
and
two
Pastery
men
under
them
;
in
the
Scalding
house
a
Yeoman
and
two
Grooms
,
In
the
Buttery
two
Yeomen
Grooms
and
two
Pages
,
In
the
Pantery
two
Yeomen
,
and
in
the
Waferie
two
Yeomen
.
Nicholas
West
Bishop
of
Ely
in
the
year
1532.
in
the
23
year
of
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
kept
continually
in
his
house
one
hundred
Servants
,
giving
to
the
one
halfe
of
them
53
s.
4
d.
a
piece
(
then
an
allowance
for
a
Gentleman
Servant
,
but
now
by
an
unreasonable
and
illegall
rise
and
exaction
of
servants
wages
not
the
halfe
of
a
Carter
or
Ploughmans
wages
)
and
to
the
other
40
s.
a
piece
,
and
to
every
one
of
his
Servants
four
yards
of
broad
Cloth
for
his
Winter
Gown
,
and
for
his
Summer
Coat
three
yards
and
a
half
,
and
daily
gave
at
his
gate
(
besides
bread
and
drink
)
warm
meat
for
two
hundred
poor
people
.
Edward
Earl
of
Derby
in
the
Reigns
of
Queen
Mary
and
Queen
Elizabeth
had
220
men
in
Checque
Roll
,
fed
sixty
eight
aged
persons
twice
every
day
,
besides
all
comers
,
appointed
thrice
a
week
for
his
dealing
dayes
,
and
every
good
Friday
gave
unto
two
thousand
seven
hundred
poor
men
meat
drink
and
money
.
The
Lord
Cromwell
in
the
declyning
times
of
charity
,
as
Mr.
John
Stow
well
observed
,
served
twice
every
day
at
his
ga●●
two
hundred
poor
people
,
with
bread
meat
and
drink
sufficient
,
all
the
Gentry
making
it
to
be
their
honor
in
their
lesser
orbes
to
measure
their
Actions
by
those
as
good
and
honorable
patterns
.
And
proportionable
to
their
hospitality
,
and
the
state
and
dignity
of
our
then
Nobility
were
the
numbers
of
their
Servants
in
their
houses
at
home
,
or
in
their
journies
or
riding
abroad
,
many
of
the
Knights
&
Gentlemens
Sons
of
England
making
it
to
be
the
best
of
their
breeding
,
education
,
and
way
to
preferment
,
to
serve
or
retain
unto
them
,
insomuch
as
notwithstanding
the
Statute
made
against
giving
of
Liveries
or
Badges
1
R.
2.
cap.
7.
and
the
suspicion
which
some
of
our
Kings
and
Princes
,
and
King
Henry
the
seventh
had
of
their
greatness
and
popularities
,
the
great
(
so
called
)
Earl
of
Warwick
in
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
sixt
,
rode
with
six
hundred
men
in
red
Jackets
,
embroidered
with
ragged
staves
before
and
behind
.
Thomas
Audley
Lord
Chancellor
of
England
usually
rode
with
many
Gentlemen
before
him
with
coats
guarded
with
velvet
,
and
chains
of
gold
,
and
his
Yeomen
following
after
him
in
Liveries
not
guarded
.
William
Paulet
Marquess
of
Winchester
did
ride
with
a
great
attendance
in
Liveries
,
and
gave
great
reliefe
at
his
gate
;
and
Edward
Duke
of
Somerset
did
the
like
.
John
de
vere
Earl
of
Oxford
in
the
Reign
of
Queen
Mary
,
notwithstanding
the
rigour
of
the
Law
against
Liveries
and
Reteiners
,
which
King
Henry
the
seventh
did
so
turn
against
one
of
his
highly
deserving
Ancecestors
,
as
it
cost
him
a
fine
of
ten
or
fifteen
thousand
marks
,
was
accustomed
to
ride
from
his
Castle
of
Hedingham
in
Essex
to
his
City
House
at
London
Stone
,
with
eighty
Gentlemen
in
tawny
velvet
Liveries
or
Coats
,
and
Chains
of
Gold
about
their
necks
before
him
,
and
one
hundred
tall
Yeomen
in
the
like
Livery
of
Cloth
following
him
,
with
the
cognisance
of
the
Blew
Bore
embroidered
on
their
left
shoulder
.
Which
being
the
custome
of
the
good
people
,
Subjects
and
men
of
Honor
in
England
,
in
those
more
honorable
,
more
performing
,
&
less
complementing
times
,
but
since
withering
,
and
growing
fruitless
and
out
of
fashion
,
when
that
great
commander
Luxury
had
with
his
Regiments
and
Brigades
of
vices
,
new
fangles
and
vanities
,
subdued
,
and
put
the
people
to
a
greater
contribution
towards
such
their
wicked
and
vain
expences
,
and
all
that
they
can
now
make
shift
for
is
too
little
to
support
and
bear
out
their
extravagancies
.
It
is
well
known
and
experimented
to
the
great
comfort
of
such
as
lived
within
the
virge
of
the
Kings
houses
and
residence
,
that
the
Hospitality
of
the
Kingdome
,
like
the
heart
in
the
body
naturall
,
the
primum
vivens
beginner
and
conservator
of
life
,
beginning
in
the
Kings
house
,
and
propagating
and
diffusing
it self
in
and
through
as
many
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
as
being
de
meliori
lut●
,
of
a
more
then
ordinary
extraction
,
did
strive
,
as
much
as
became
them
,
to
imitate
Royal
Examples
,
would
be
in
the
Kings
house
the
ultimum
m●riens
,
the
last
which
expired
.
And
that
besides
the
necessary
grandeur
and
magnificence
of
the
Kings
houshold
,
plenty
,
and
variety
of
meat
and
drink
,
to
entertain
at
his
Officers
Tables
the
,
Nobility
,
Gentry
and
Citizens
,
which
had
any
occasion
to
come
thither
,
and
240
gallons
of
Beer
allowed
the
poor
every
day
at
the
Buttery
Barre
,
three
gallons
every
day
at
the
Court
gate
for
thirteen
poor
men
;
six
services
or
messe
of
meat
,
and
seven
pieces
of
beef
a
day
as
wast
and
extraordinarie
for
the
Kings
Honor
;
the
chippings
of
bread
sometimes
(
more
then
should
be
)
and
the
fragments
and
knapstry
of
broken
,
or
quarter
,
or
half
joynts
of
meat
,
carcases
of
Fowl
and
Poultry
,
pieces
of
Pie-crust
,
or
other
provisions
carefully
and
daily
gathered
,
and
put
into
severall
Almes-baskets
left
at
every
Table
and
Chamber
in
the
Court
,
and
distributed
unto
the
poor
by
two
Grooms
and
two
Yeomen
of
the
Elemosinary
or
Almnery
,
who
enjoy
an
yearly
Salary
and
maintenance
from
the
King
for
that
only
imployment
,
which
hath
fed
and
supported
many
poor
Families
in
and
about
Westminster
as
well
as
Common
Beggars
;
the
Lodgings
and
accomodations
of
Nobility
and
Gentry
resorting
to
the
Court
,
have
so
greatly
enriched
all
the
Streets
and
parts
about
it
,
as
that
end
of
London
and
parts
adjacent
,
have
,
like
trees
planted
by
the
water
side
,
so
very
much
prospered
as
Westminster
,
which
originally
had
but
some
scattered
houses
adjoyning
to
the
Abby
and
the
Kings
Palace
,
came
aftewards
to
be
a
Burrough
Town
&
Corporation
,
endowed
with
great
Liberties
and
Priviledges
,
and
sending
Burgesses
to
the
Parliament
,
&
afterwards
to
be
a
City
;
and
the
people
of
other
parts
,
as
birds
haunting
the
woods
for
shelter
,
shade
or
succor
,
observing
the
plenty
&
happiness
which
they
enjoyed
,
have
built
&
made
their
nests
&
habitations
as
near
as
they
could
unto
that
place
and
Royal
seat
of
bounty
,
charity
,
and
magnificence
,
insomuch
as
the
swelling
and
increase
of
London
at
this
day
every
where
to
be
seen
not
without
some
admiration
in
her
Extent
and
buildings
,
hath
within
this
and
the
last
Century
of
years
very
much
outgrown
that
antient
City
it self
;
John
Graunt
and
some
others
have
truly
and
ingeniously
observed
,
extended
it self
Westward
,
and
as
near
as
it
could
unto
the
Royal
bitation
,
as
if
that
were
more
to
be
desired
for
a
neighbourhood
then
the
River
of
Thames
,
the
Exchange
,
or
Custome-house
of
London
,
and
places
of
Trade
and
Traffick
.
They
therefore
that
shall
remember
how
his
Majesties
Maundie
or
Charity
,
kept
as
his
Royal
Ancestors
ever
did
upon
the
Thursday
before
Easter
,
or
Eve
of
Good-Friday
,
with
a
Joul
of
Salmon
,
a
Poll
of
Ling
,
30
red
Herrings
,
and
as
many
white
,
garnished
with
●erbs
in
new
clean
wooden
dishes
,
four
six
penny
loaves
of
Court
bread
,
cloth
for
a
Gown
and
a
Shirt
,
a
pair
of
New
Shoes
and
Stockins
,
and
a
single
penny
with
a
twenty
shillings
piece
of
gold
overplus
,
put
in
severall
little
purses
,
given
to
as
many
poor
old
men
as
the
King
is
years
old
;
and
the
state
and
decency
observed
in
the
distributing
of
it
;
after
their
feet
washed
and
dried
,
and
the
King
with
a
condiscention
and
unexampled
humility
,
beyond
the
reach
and
example
of
any
of
his
Subjects
,
kneeling
upon
his
knees
,
and
devoutly
kissing
the
feet
of
those
his
Almes-men
,
cannot
certainly
tell
how
to
murmur
at
such
an
hospitality
or
Provisions
,
which
afforded
him
the
means
wherewith
to
doe
it
.
Nor
should
the
many
cures
which
he
yearly
doth
unto
such
as
are
Lame
,
Blind
,
Diseased
,
or
troubled
with
the
Disease
called
the
Kings
Evil
(
because
he
cureth
it
)
the
patience
and
meekness
which
he
employeth
in
it
,
and
the
yearly
charge
of
at
least
three
thousand
pounds
per
annum
,
which
his
Angel
Gold
of
the
value
of
ten
shillings
,
and
a
silk
Ribbon
put
about
the
neck
of
every
one
,
be
they
rich
or
poor
,
young
or
old
which
doe
come
to
that
English
Pool
of
Bethesda
to
be
healed
and
cured
,
be
forgotten
or
thought
unworthy
a
gratitude
,
or
some
remuneration
or
acknowledgements
.
Neither
can
any
that
ever
understood
or
read
of
the
round
Tables
of
our
King
Arthur
,
the
great
Roger
Mortimer
,
and
the
famous
Hospitality
of
England
continued
through
the
British
▪
Saxon
and
Norman
times
all
the
turmoyls
and
troubles
of
the
after
Generations
in
their
greatest
extremities
of
the
Barons
warres
,
and
the
direfull
and
bloody
contentions
of
the
two
great
discording
Houses
of
York
and
Lancaster
,
with
the
vast
quantities
of
Land
given
besides
to
Monasteries
and
Religious
Houses
to
the
great
increase
of
Charity
and
Alms-deeds
,
which
was
then
the
only
Trade
driven
or
thought
on
in
the
way
to
Cabo
di
buona
speranza
,
&
the
everlasting
rest
of
the
righteous
;
the
large
proportions
of
Lands
given
for
Chantries
in
a
then
supposed
pious
care
of
themselves
,
and
their
Progenitors
great
gifts
and
remunerations
to
Servants
,
and
curtesies
and
kindness
to
Neighbours
and
Tenants
,
when
most
of
our
Nobility
and
Gentry
thought
themselves
not
great
unless
they
were
good
,
nor
a
Gentleman
,
because
he
had
only
the
insignia
virtutum
,
Armories
and
marks
of
the
honor
of
his
Ancestors
descended
unto
him
,
without
the
virtuous
,
noble
and
heroick
qualities
,
which
were
the
cause
or
original
of
them
,
when
pride
and
interest
the
Devils
Deputies
were
not
the
Soveraign
which
they
most
obeyed
,
vanity
and
all
the
folli●s
of
sin
the
neighbours
which
they
loved
as
themselves
;
when
virtue
was
not
reckoned
,
as
it
is
now
amongst
too
many
,
a
base
or
simple
companion
,
nor
honour
turned
into
a
Pageant
,
or
n●men
inane
,
or
only
made
a
pretence
to
deceive
mens
expectations
;
when
almost
every
English
Gentleman
was
in
his
Parish
,
and
amongst
his
Tenants
like
Job
that
good
accomptant
of
his
talents
,
a
deliverer
of
the
poor
that
cried
,
the
fatherless
,
and
him
that
had
none
to
help
him
;
caused
the
Widows
heart
to
sing
for
joy
;
was
eyes
to
the
blinde
,
feet
to
the
lame
,
brake
the
jawes
of
the
wicked
,
pluckt
the
spoils
out
of
his
teeth
;
grieved
for
the
poor
,
wept
for
him
that
was
in
trouble
;
and
sate
chief
,
and
dwelt
as
a
King
,
in
the
Army
as
one
that
comforteth
the
mourners
;
the
ears
that
heard
him
blessed
him
,
and
the
eye
that
saw
him
gave
witness
to
him
,
when
men
gave
care
and
waited
,
and
kept
silence
at
his
counsel
:
(
although
it
must
be
acknowledged
that
there
are
now
some
of
the
Gentry
more
learned
&
accomplished
then
in
former
ages
,
and
might
equall
or
goe
beyond
their
worthy
and
honorable
Ancestors
,
if
they
would
but
imitate
their
Alms-deeds
and
hospitality
,
and
not
permit
their
greater
expences
in
matters
less
warrantable
and
laudable
,
to
make
and
enforce
an
ava●ice
,
or
Rubiginem
animarum
,
canker
or
rust
of
the
soul
to
hinder
or
keep
them
from
it
)
.
And
Gentlemen
were
not
then
as
too
many
now
are
,
the
fools
of
the
Parish
,
and
so
little
valued
as
they
are
now
,
when
too
many
of
them
may
be
beaten
and
kickt
in
the
Market-places
,
in
the
view
and
sight
of
their
over-racked
and
disobliged
Tenants
,
piget
&
pudet
dicere
,
I
would
there
were
no
cause
or
occasion
to
speak
it
,
)
and
with
their
few
attendants
of
Sicophants
,
Pimps
and
Foot-boyes
,
be
as
little
helped
or
regarded
by
the
Common
people
as
a
ridiculous
pride
and
a
large
and
wastfull
retinue
of
sins
and
folly
ought
to
be
,
But
kept
great
hospitalities
,
and
were
heretofore
in
their
houses
in
the
Country
,
as
the
Dii
Tutelares
of
the
poor
,
or
such
as
were
in
any
want
or
necessit●es
,
the
Cities
of
refuge
in
all
their
distresses
;
the
Esculapius
.
Temple
for
wholsome
or
honest
medicaments
or
unmercinary
cures
of
wounds
and
diseases
which
the
good
Ladies
and
Gentlewomen
,
their
Wives
or
Daughters
were
then
well
practised
in
,
and
had
great
respects
and
reverence
paid
unto
them
for
it
.
And
see
how
little
is
now
done
in
any
of
those
kinds
,
if
he
hath
any
fear
of
God
or
care
of
goodness
,
love
,
or
respect
to
his
Country
and
posterity
forbear
a
bewailing
of
the
ruine
and
decay
of
the
moralities
,
virtues
and
honor
of
England
,
and
wonder
how
that
only
remaining
relique
of
our
fore-fathers
magnanimity
and
virtues
,
that
seed
plot
of
love
and
good
will
,
which
the
Angels
in
their
song
and
rejoycing
at
the
birth
of
our
Jesus
and
Redeemer
proclaimed
to
be
a
blessing
;
that
seminary
of
reverence
,
honor
and
respect
;
that
ligament
and
tye
betwixt
the
inferiours
and
superiours
;
that
incitement
and
encouragement
to
reciprocations
of
love
and
duty
;
and
that
heretofore
so
famous
and
well
imployed
strength
and
power
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
should
be
disused
and
laid
side
:
and
that
those
laudable
pious
and
honorable
actions
of
Hospitality
and
Charity
,
in
which
our
Kings
of
England
so
much
delighted
,
and
by
a
solemn
and
thrice
repeated
crie
or
proclamation
made
by
one
of
the
Heralds
,
of
a
Largesse
,
a
Largesse
at
the
creation
of
every
Baron
,
Earl
,
or
Duke
,
(
being
as
the
cry
or
joy
of
the
Harvest
mentioned
in
the
holy
Scriptures
)
and
at
St.
George's
Feasts
,
did
put
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
in
mind
to
doe
the
like
in
their
several
orbes
and
stations
,
should
be
now
restrained
by
the
want
of
Pourveyance
,
or
Compositions
for
it
,
or
that
there
should
be
any
endeavours
to
decay
and
hinder
it
at
the
fountain
or
well
head
,
by
stopping
the
pleasant
and
refreshing
waters
which
gladded
our
Sion
,
and
the
Inhabitants
thereof
,
and
made
it
to
be
the
terror
of
all
the
Nations
round
about
us
,
or
that
any
should
think
it
to
be
for
the
good
and
honor
of
England
to
lessen
that
hospitality
and
plenty
in
the
Kings
House
or
Court
,
which
is
so
pleasing
and
suitable
to
the
humor
and
constitution
of
the
English
Nation
;
hath
gained
the
Kings
of
England
so
much
love
at
home
,
and
honor
abroad
;
maintained
so
fair
a
correspondency
and
intelligence
betwixt
the
Court
and
Ministry
,
and
relieved
the
poor
and
needy
,
the
Widdow
and
the
Fatherless
.
And
is
so
essentiall
and
proper
to
Majesty
,
as
David
when
he
offered
sacrifice
unto
the
Lord
after
the
bringing
back
of
the
Ark
,
Cake
of
bread
,
a
good
piece
of
flesh
,
and
a
Flaggon
of
wine
;
and
so
customary
as
the
Romans
could
not
think
themselves
secure
in
the
good
wills
&
affections
of
the
people
without
their
Epulae
and
publick
Feasts
and
caressing
of
the
people
,
Dionis
.
Halicarn
.
lib.
2.
which
Julius
Caesar
nor
his
Successor
Augustus
would
not
adventure
to
omit
.
Nor
Domitian
and
Severus
who
gave
oyle
,
wine
,
and
other
necessary
provisions
,
a
Fin
▪
Lois
d'
Orleans
ovver●ures
de●
Parlements
.
as
Lois
d'
Orleans
rightly
understood
it
,
d'
concilier
l'
amour
de
leurs
Subjects
quils
prenoient
par
lebouch●
,
to
procure
the
love
of
the
people
,
who
were
taken
by
the
mouth
:
and
was
so
customary
in
France
as
well
as
England
,
as
at
a
great
solemnity
there
after
that
our
King
Henry
the
fifth
had
espoused
the
Daughter
and
Heir
of
France
,
and
the
people
of
Paris
in
great
numbers
went
unto
the
Louvre
to
see
the
King
and
Queen
of
England
sit
at
meat
together
with
their
Crowns
upon
their
heads
;
but
being
dismissed
without
an
invitation
to
eat
or
drink
by
some
of
the
Officers
or
Masters
of
the
houshold
,
as
they
were
accustomed
,
they
murmured
exceedingly
;
for
that
when
they
came
to
such
grand
solemnities
at
the
King
of
Frances
Court
,
they
used
to
have
meat
and
drink
given
them
in
great
plenty
,
Mo●●●rele●
lib.
1.
ca.
2.62
.
and
those
which
would
sit
at
meat
,
were
by
the
Kings
Officers
most
abundantly
served
with
wine
and
victuals
▪
and
at
extraordinary
Feasts
,
as
that
at
the
marriage
of
King
Henry
the
fifth
of
England
,
and
the
Lady
Katherine
Daughter
of
Charles
the
sixth
King
of
France
,
had
Tables
furnished
with
victuals
set
in
the
streets
,
where
they
which
would
might
sit
and
eat
at
the
Kings
charges
,
as
was
afterwards
also
done
at
Amiens
at
the
enterview
of
Lewis
the
eleventh
of
France
,
and
Edward
the
fourth
of
England
.
And
was
there
in
those
dayes
most
laudably
used
,
a
fin
d●
unir
le
peuple
au
Roy
&
les
pieds
a
la
teste
pur
affirmir
le
corps
politick
,
&
le
lier
par
une
gracieuse
voire
necessaire
correspondence
,
to
the
end
to
fasten
the
people
unto
the
King
,
and
the
feet
unto
the
head
,
to
strengthen
the
body
politick
,
and
unite
all
the
parts
thereof
by
a
loving
and
necessary
compliance
;
and
was
an
usage
so
well
entertained
in
other
Nations
,
Lois
d'
Orleans
les
ovvertures
des
Parlements
ca.
8.
Guagninus
in
descript.
Mosco
viae
lib.
1.
c.
46.
Aelianus
lib.
4.
va●●ar
.
Histor.
as
the
Tartars
and
Laplanders
,
would
not
be
without
it
,
and
the
Graecians
thought
themselves
dishonored
,
if
there
were
not
a
more
then
ordinary
care
to
entertain
strangers
of
free
cost
,
insomuch
as
a
Law
was
made
amongst
the
Lucani
,
to
punish
such
as
took
not
a
care
of
them
;
and
the
Swedes
and
Gothes
esteemed
it
to
be
so
great
an
unworthines
not
to
doe
it
,
as
they
did
by
a
Law
ordain
,
That
whosoever
denied
lodging
or
entertainment
to
any
strangers
,
and
was
by
witnesses
convicted
to
have
thrice
offended
in
that
kind
his
house
was
to
be
burned
.
Jo.
Magnus
lib.
4.
cap.
2.
Those
or
the
like
kind
and
charitable
customs
haveing
so
crept
through
the
cranies
of
humane
understanding
and
right
reason
into
the
ruder
sort
of
the
heathen
;
as
in
some
parts
of
Africk
the
King
thinks
he
is
not
beloved
of
his
people
unless
he
doth
sometimes
feast
them
,
John
Leo
Hist.
of
Africa
.
and
the
heads
of
the
Cowes
which
are
killed
for
that
provision
,
are
painted
and
hung
up
like
pictures
in
his
Chamber
as
for
an
honor
to
the
King
,
whereby
such
strangers
which
did
come
to
his
Court
might
perceive
that
he
was
a
good
King
.
Being
like
the
Agapes
or
Love
Feasts
,
allowed
by
St.
Paul
,
and
those
which
the
primitive
Christians
continued
as
an
excellent
Custome
and
usage
,
when
the
rich
,
as
Tertullian
witnesseth
,
brought
to
those
publick
feastings
meat
and
provisions
,
and
fed
and
feasted
the
poor
,
which
were
so
usefull
and
well-becoming
all
such
as
intended
or
desired
the
comfort
and
blessing
of
it
,
as
that
thrifty
as
well
as
magnificent
Commonwealth
of
Venice
,
doe
not
only
order
and
encourage
yearly
Feasts
among
the
several
ranks
and
Classes
of
their
Citizens
and
people
,
but
doe
make
an
allowance
to
their
Duke
or
shadow
of
Monarchy
for
the
feasting
of
the
principal
of
the
Senate
,
and
to
send
yearly
in
the
winter
to
every
Citizen
a
certain
petty
present
of
wild
foul
.
And
if
the
virtue
of
charity
,
which
St.
Paul
makes
to
be
the
chief
,
or
summa
totalis
of
all
the
virtues
and
excellencies
which
humane
nature
or
frailties
can
be
capable
of
;
and
will
not
allow
that
of
speaking
with
the
tongues
of
Angels
(
which
certainly
is
more
to
be
valued
then
our
last
twenty
years
English
complement
)
nor
the
gift
of
prophecy
and
understanding
of
all
mysteries
and
all
knowledge
;
The
people
of
England
as
well
as
their
Kings
and
Princes
were
not
mistaken
when
they
did
so
heed
,
and
thought
it
necessary
to
be
observed
,
as
a
good
part
of
the
Tythes
given
by
Aethelulph
in
the
year
after
the
birth
of
Christ
855.
not
only
of
his
own
Lands
in
demeasne
,
but
as
most
of
the
Writers
which
lived
nearer
that
time
,
have
,
as
the
most
learned
and
judicious
Selden
rightly
observed
it
,
extended
unto
a
grant
made
by
the
consent
omnium
Praelatorum
ac
Principum
suorum
,
&
Ingulphs
hist.
qui
sub
ipso
variis
provinciis
totius
Angliae
praeerant
,
of
all
the
Bishops
and
Prelates
,
and
the
Princes
and
Earles
,
which
under
him
governed
in
the
severall
Provinces
,
and
whether
the
Tithes
came
first
to
be
setled
here
by
that
great
King
Ethelulphus
,
and
his
Bishops
and
great
men
;
or
were
assented
unto
or
granted
afterwards
by
the
piety
and
devotion
of
particular
men
,
and
the
owners
of
lands
and
goods
,
of
which
very
many
grants
doe
occurre
,
before
they
were
settled
by
a
very
just
and
binding
authority
of
the
Secular
&
Ecclesiastical
power
and
authority
in
this
our
Isle
of
great
Britain
,
some
part
of
them
may
be
certainly
said
to
be
in
the
use
and
application
of
them
to
the
Church
and
Ministry
,
and
sacred
uses
dedicated
and
designed
for
hospitality
.
Which
the
People
of
did
so
greatly
regard
and
look
after
,
as
the
supposed
want
of
it
in
the
reverend
Cranmer
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
begot
a
project
in
the
reign
of
King
Henry
the
eighth
,
as
Doctor
Peter
Heylin
,
that
learned
and
great
Champion
of
the
Church
of
England
,
and
the
truth
even
after
he
was
blind
hath
recorded
it
.
Whereby
a
design
was
laid
by
a
potent
and
over-busie
Courtier
to
ruine
the
Revenues
belonging
to
that
Arch-Bishoprick
,
by
informing
the
King
that
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
had
fallen
much
Wood
,
let
long
Leases
for
great
Fines
,
and
made
great
havock
of
the
Revenues
of
his
Arch-Bishoprick
,
whereby
to
raise
a
fortune
to
his
wife
and
children
;
and
with
so
large
a
Revenue
had
kept
no
Hospitality
;
that
it
was
more
meet
for
Bishops
to
have
a
sufficient
yearly
stipend
out
of
the
Exchequer
,
then
to
be
incumbred
with
Temporal
Revenues
,
and
that
the
Lands
being
taken
to
his
Majesties
use
,
would
afford
him
besides
the
said
Annual
stipends
a
great
yearly
Revenue
.
But
the
King
rightly
apprehending
the
device
,
sent
the
Informer
on
an
errand
about
Dinner
time
to
Lambeth-house
,
where
he
found
all
the
Tables
in
the
great
Hall
,
to
be
very
bountifully
provided
,
the
Arch-Bishop
himself
,
accompained
at
Dinner
with
diverse
persons
of
quality
,
his
Table
exceeding
plentifully
furnished
,
and
all
things
answerable
to
the
port
of
so
great
a
Prelate
;
wherewith
the
King
being
made
acquainted
at
his
coming
back
,
gave
him
such
a
rebuke
for
his
false
information
,
and
the
design
which
was
built
upon
it
,
as
neither
he
nor
any
of
the
other
Courtiers
du●st
stir
any
further
in
that
suite
.
And
the
common
people
of
England
have
always
with
so
much
reason
,
loved
and
applauded
Hospitality
,
good
House-keeping
,
Alms
Deeds
,
and
works
of
Charity
,
(
and
in
that
besides
their
own
benefits
and
concernments
did
but
delight
in
the
ways
of
God
which
he
hath
commanded
,
and
is
well
pleased
with
,
)
whereby
the
heretofore
famous
and
greatly
beloved
Nobility
and
Gentry
of
England
,
have
gained
so
much
love
,
honor
,
power
,
reverence
,
and
well
deserved
esteem
,
as
the
greatest
part
of
the
respects
which
are
now
afforded
,
and
paid
by
them
unto
their
Issues
and
remaining
generations
,
are
as
unto
too
many
of
them
,
more
in
remembrance
of
the
good
and
vertuous
deeds
of
their
Ancestors
,
then
any
personal
good
or
vertue
is
either
to
be
found
in
them
,
or
according
to
the
courses
which
they
now
hold
,
is
so
much
as
expected
from
them
,
who
think
a
name
or
title
like
some
gaudy
Sign-post
hung
out
of
an
empty
ill
governed
and
worse
furnished
house
,
where
vice
and
all
manner
of
sins
in
their
horrid
and
ugly
deformities
being
treated
and
entertained
,
do
crawle
up
and
down
like
Toads
,
Frogs
,
and
Serpents
in
some
dark
and
loathsome
Dungeon
,
or
that
a
pedigree
deriving
their
discents
from
some
or
many
Heroes
and
Worthy
Patriots
,
is
honor
enough
for
them
,
do
scorn
all
but
their
own
foolries
,
and
suppose
a
witty
Drollery
,
and
the
Friskes
and
Funambuloes
of
an
ill
governed
wit
,
or
of
brains
soaked
and
steeped
in
drink
,
more
to
be
valued
then
the
wisdom
in
the
Proverbs
of
Solomon
,
hate
vice
and
admonition
,
shun
vertue
and
morality
as
they
would
do
the
burst
and
fire
of
a
Granado
;
and
believe
d●ink●ng
,
Dicing
and
Drabbing
to
be
a
more
Gentile
and
cleanlier
way
of
Hospitality
,
and
make
the
common
people
,
whilst
they
stand
almost
amazed
at
their
Debaucheries
and
irregularities
,
ready
to
swear
they
are
illegitimate
,
or
some
Changelings
crept
into
the
name
and
estate
of
their
Hospitable
and
vertuous
Progenitors
;
and
if
any
of
them
should
be
well
affected
and
inclined
to
walk
in
the
ways
of
their
Ancestors
,
and
keep
good
houses
,
can
never
be
able
to
do
it
by
reason
of
the
no
Reason
of
their
Ranting
and
expensive
Wives
,
twenty
of
which
sort
of
new
fashioned
women
(
for
there
are
some
,
though
not
so
many
as
should
be
,
which
are
or
would
be
helpers
to
preserve
and
increase
their
Husbands
estates
,
not
to
waste
or
destroy
them
)
would
if
they
might
injoy
their
spending
humors
,
in
the
wasteful
course
of
their
lives
be
able
to
consume
the
value
of
all
or
the
greatest
part
of
the
Lands
and
Estates
in
a
County
.
But
however
such
kind
of
people
shall
so
misuse
their
estates
and
Talents
,
our
Kings
&
Princes
being
to
guide
their
Actions
by
higher
&
more
transcendent
rules
then
any
of
their
Subjects
did
in
the
better
times
of
vertue
and
Hospitality
,
are
not
certainly
to
be
restrained
in
the
magnificence
and
state
of
their
House-keeping
,
nor
to
have
the
means
whereby
they
should
do
it
,
diverted
or
diminished
;
when
as
Alexander
the
Great
,
answered
some
that
●ound
fault
with
the
greatness
of
his
gift
or
bounty
to
a
mean
man
,
The
gifts
of
Kings
are
not
altogether
to
be
proportioned
according
to
the
men
who
receive
it
,
but
of
the
King
that
giveth
it
;
and
as
the
Duke
of
Savoy
said
unto
King
Henry
the
fourth
of
France
,
when
he
found
him
unwilling
to
grant
or
remit
unto
him
the
Marquisate
of
Saluces
,
John
de
Serres
Hist.
of
France
.
Kings
do
wrong
the
greatness
of
their
courage
,
if
they
shall
not
give
great
things
.
For
if
there
were
no
necessity
of
a
largeness
of
heart
and
expences
in
Hospitality
in
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
of
this
Nation
,
they
would
not
be
good
Subjects
to
blame
it
in
their
King
,
nor
honorers
of
him
,
unless
they
should
,
as
they
ought
and
are
enjoyned
by
their
Oaths
of
Allegiance
and
Supremacy
,
maintain
and
defend
his
Honor
and
Jurisdictions
,
who
by
the
preeminency
of
his
Imperial
Dignity
is
not
to
want
that
which
should
help
to
support
and
adorn
it
,
when
as
to
that
,
and
the
preservation
of
his
people
who
are
to
sub●ist
and
be
protected
by
his
welfare
,
honor
,
and
happiness
,
there
will
be
a
real
and
very
great
.
CHAP.
V.
Necessity
that
the
King
should
have
and
enjoy
his
Ancient
Right
of
Pourveyance
,
or
Compositions
for
them
.
FOr
that
there
is
,
and
should
be
always
a
necessity
to
observe
the
Laws
of
God
,
Nature
,
and
Nations
right
reason
,
and
the
Laws
and
reasonable
Customes
of
England
,
and
of
honoring
and
obeying
the
King
,
and
keeping
him
from
mischiefs
and
inconveniencies
,
and
that
the
members
of
the
body
Politick
,
should
as
every
part
of
the
body
natural
doth
,
be
willing
to
assist
and
contribute
unto
the
good
and
well
being
of
the
head
and
better
part
of
it
.
And
although
that
sin
the
fruitful
parent
of
all
our
evils
and
miseries
,
be
not
in
numero
eligibilium
,
or
to
be
put
within
the
pleas
of
necessity
,
yet
goodness
,
vertue
and
the
duties
of
holy
life
,
are
propter
se
expetibilia
for
their
real
benefits
and
excellencies
to
be
desired
and
thirsted
after
,
as
the
Hart
panteth
and
thirsteth
after
the
water
brooks
.
And
it
would
be
neither
wisdom
nor
goodness
in
the
people
to
subject
the
King
to
an
yeerly
loss
of
seventy
three
thousand
six
hundred
seven
pounds
fourteen
shillings
and
seven
pence
,
which
he
did
the
last
year
loose
in
his
house-keeping
by
the
want
of
his
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
,
and
by
the
excessive
Rates
and
Prices
of
Provisions
for
his
houshold
,
which
were
put
upon
him
by
the
avarice
and
ill
custome
of
such
as
sold
or
furnished
them
besides
his
greater
then
formerly
charge
of
Carts
,
and
other
parts
of
the
Royal
Pourveyance
,
and
drive
him
thereby
into
wants
of
money
,
which
may
either
cause
him
to
be
more
sparing
then
he
would
be
otherwise
,
in
his
Royal
favors
,
bounty
,
indulgences
,
and
Charity
to
his
people
,
or
to
seek
after
and
take
those
many
legal
and
just
advantages
to
support
himself
in
his
Kingly
Office
which
the
Law
affords
and
cannot
be
denyed
him
,
or
give
a
greater
liberty
or
attention
then
otherwise
he
would
to
his
necessities
,
or
the
designs
,
or
invention
of
those
who
by
finding
out
ways
of
supply
to
an
over-burdened
and
insufficient
Royal
Revenue
,
may
shew
the
people
their
errors
in
the
denyal
of
just
rights
and
duties
,
and
by
putting
him
to
inconveniencies
,
exceedingly
increase
and
multiply
their
own
;
and
that
it
would
be
much
better
to
imitate
the
prudence
of
Abigail
,
who
to
make
some
recompence
to
Davids
keeping
safe
all
that
appertained
to
her
husband
N●bal
,
so
that
nothing
was
missing
,
whilst
he
was
a
wall
unto
him
and
his
people
by
night
and
by
day
,
made
haste
and
took
two
hundred
Loaves
two
Bottles
of
Wine
,
five
Sheep
ready
dressed
,
five
measures
of
parched
Corn
,
an
hundred
Clusters
or
Lumpes
of
Raisins
,
and
two
hundred
Cakes
of
Figgs
,
and
intreated
him
to
accept
of
the
blessing
or
present
which
she
had
brought
unto
him
,
That
the
Turks
may
as
they
have
for
many
ages
past
rejoyce
in
the
foolish
covetousness
of
the
Citizens
of
Constantinople
,
whose
generations
may
curse
and
abominate
their
selfishness
,
and
then
supposed
wisdom
in
denying
their
Emperor
money
and
means
to
defend
them
,
bewail
the
loss
of
Greece
,
and
weep
unpittied
for
their
children
when
they
are
by
the
command
of
that
grand
Tyrant
of
the
Mahometan
Empire
,
taken
from
them
,
and
driven
like
heards
of
Cattle
and
Flocks
of
Sheep
,
never
more
to
know
or
remember
their
parents
,
or
be
of
the
Christian
Religion
,
to
his
Serraglio
,
where
the
Males
are
bred
up
in
the
service
of
his
wars
or
civil
affairs
,
and
many
of
their
daughters
made
to
be
his
Concubines
.
And
the
French
may
lament
their
ill
usage
of
their
King
Charles
the
seventh
in
his
great
extremities
in
refusing
necessary
Aids
to
resist
the
successes
of
our
English
Conquering
forefathers
,
which
brought
the
Pesantry
and
lower
ranks
of
that
●ince
Gabelled
and
over
Salted
people
,
not
only
to
their
present
miseries
,
and
that
fertility
of
Taxes
which
is
since
most
fatally
rivetted
and
entailed
upon
them
,
but
the
loss
of
all
their
liberties
.
Experience
having
told
our
Progenitors
how
much
the
necessities
and
wants
of
some
of
our
Kings
and
Princes
,
have
heretofore
given
way
to
the
excursions
of
some
of
their
servants
and
Ministers
,
upon
the
rights
and
liberties
of
the
people
,
which
made
the
Lords
and
Commons
in
Parliament
frequently
in
sundry
Ages
and
Parliaments
past
,
to
take
a
great
care
for
the
support
and
honor
of
their
House-keeping
,
the
preserving
of
the
Kings
Rights
and
Revenues
,
and
the
punishment
of
such
as
were
any
cause
of
the
waste
or
diminishing
of
it
.
And
that
a
supply
of
the
Kings
wants
,
or
for
the
payment
of
his
debts
,
could
never
yet
,
nor
can
be
so
Arithmetically
made
or
proportioned
either
as
to
what
was
past
or
to
come
,
as
to
even
the
Tax
or
Assessements
of
the
people
,
or
to
make
them
to
be
just
so
much
and
no
more
then
the
Kings
wants
,
but
were
alwayes
like
the
Tax
in
France
for
money
to
buy
the
Queen
Pins
;
or
the
Aids
given
to
some
Foreign
Princes
to
marry
their
eldest
daughters
,
which
amounted
unto
many
times
double
the
sum
of
the
greatest
portions
which
they
gave
with
them
;
or
the
Aides
in
England
to
make
the
Prince
or
the
Kings
eldest
son
a
Knight
,
when
the
expences
never
came
neer
the
sum
contributed
,
and
as
heretofore
the
City
of
London
and
other
Cities
and
Corporations
have
done
in
their
Taxes
and
Subsidies
leavyed
upon
the
Citizens
and
Townesmen
,
which
did
usually
by
a
considerable
everplus
furmount
the
necessities
and
occasions
of
them
.
Or
if
there
could
be
any
Reason
,
Prudence
,
or
Religion
,
for
the
people
to
permit
their
Soveraign
who
is
to
protect
and
defend
them
to
live
under
the
Tyranny
,
discredits
and
pressures
of
Debts
and
necessities
,
when
as
that
which
is
grievous
or
too
much
for
him
to
bear
,
may
easily
be
supplyed
or
helpt
by
a
contribution
of
the
multitude
,
or
many
giving
every
one
a
little
.
It
cannot
be
for
their
good
that
the
Kings
small
Revenue
,
and
the
Hospitality
and
honor
of
his
house-keeping
should
be
subject
to
the
enhaunce
of
Prices
,
cosening
and
cheating
of
Tradesmen
,
and
of
every
one
which
his
Officers
and
Servants
shall
have
occasion
to
deal
with
,
or
that
the
Royal
Revenues
should
be
like
Pharaohs
lean
kine
,
devoured
by
the
fat
,
or
daily
tormented
and
gnawn
upon
like
Titius
heart
in
the
Fable
,
with
greedy
and
never
gorged
Vultures
.
Which
if
the
King
and
his
Revenue
could
bear
at
the
present
,
will
be
every
year
and
oftener
more
increased
,
as
the
pride
of
the
people
and
their
avarice
,
and
cheating
to
maintain
it
shall
multiply
.
When
such
a
great
Provision
of
Meat
and
Victuals
as
is
necessarily
to
be
made
for
the
Kings
houshold
,
and
his
multitude
of
Servants
and
Attendants
,
will
when
his
Provision
shall
not
be
sent
in
(
as
formerly
to
his
Court
which
did
prevent
it
)
sweep
and
take
away
the
best
sorts
of
Provisions
from
the
Markets
,
and
as
experience
hath
already
told
us
,
make
scarce
and
dear
,
all
Commodities
not
only
in
the
Markets
within
the
Virge
,
or
in
or
near
London
,
but
in
the
more
remote
places
,
or
threescore
miles
off
,
and
as
far
as
Salisbury
,
all
that
can
be
brought
to
the
Markets
near
the
Kings
residence
or
his
occasions
.
Teach
the
people
to
heighten
their
Prices
whose
measure
and
rule
of
Conscience
is
to
ask
high
rates
,
and
take
as
much
as
by
any
pretences
,
tales
,
falshoods
or
devices
they
can
get
;
and
more
of
the
King
,
Nobility
,
and
Gentry
,
then
of
the
Mechanick
or
Common
people
,
and
get
thereby
unjustly
of
the
King
more
then
all
their
Subsidies
and
Assessements
(
if
they
be
not
very
great
)
shall
come
unto
.
And
if
the
great
enhaunce
of
Prices
were
not
or
could
not
be
so
great
a
consumption
of
the
Kings
Revenue
,
it
must
needs
be
altogether
indecent
and
unbefitting
the
Duty
and
Honor
of
Subjects
to
their
Kings
.
That
the
Kings
Harbingers
should
be
so
ill
entertained
as
one
of
them
was
lately
by
one
of
the
Tribe
of
Na●al
at
Windsor
,
at
the
solemnities
of
the
Feast
of
the
Garter
,
who
answered
his
demand
in
the
Kings
name
for
lodgings
for
some
of
the
Kings
Court
or
retinue
,
that
the
King
had
quitted
his
Pourveyance
,
and
was
now
no
more
unto
him
then
another
man
,
and
he
was
at
liberty
to
let
his
lodgings
to
any
one
who
would
give
him
six
pence
more
.
Or
as
one
of
his
Pourveyors
was
by
a
London
Poulterer
by
Trade
,
and
a
Captain
by
a
sinful
&
mistaken
Commission
,
who
(
upon
the
ingagement
of
an
unwarrantable
Covenant
,
with
hands
lifted
up
to
heaven
to
testifie
his
Loyalty
to
the
late
King
Charles
the
Martyr
,
whilst
with
the
same
hands
he
did
fight
against
his
Person
&
Authority
for
liberty
of
Conscience
,
to
destroy
him
&
his
more
Loyal
and
Honest
Subjects
,
did
no
longer
ago
then
the
last
Christmas
(
when
he
should
have
bewailed
his
Rebellion
,
and
the
sad
account
which
he
was
to
make
to
God
for
those
numberless
sins
which
he
had
accumulated
by
ingaging
in
such
an
ungodly
and
unwarrantable
war
,
and
should
have
bin
more
thankful
for
his
Majesties
Pardon
and
Act
of
Indempnity
,
and
abhorred
and
repented
his
former
wickedness
)
buy
against
the
will
of
the
Kings
Pourveyer
,
three
Bitternes
which
he
was
bargaining
for
and
buying
of
a
Poulterer
,
and
though
he
was
informed
by
the
Pourveyor
that
he
was
buying
,
and
had
bid
money
for
them
for
the
King
,
could
in
a
most
unchristian
,
rude
,
and
barbarous
manner
,
say
,
He
cared
not
a
Turd
for
the
King
,
he
had
bought
and
would
have
them
,
and
would
by
no
means
be
perswaded
to
permit
the
Kings
Pourveyer
to
have
them
.
Or
that
every
Clown
and
Carter
▪
and
every
mans
Kitchin-Maid
,
shall
in
matters
of
Market
and
Provision
,
be
at
liberty
to
buy
Salmons
,
Phesants
,
Partriches
,
Bustards
,
or
the
like
,
fitter
for
the
King
then
their
Masters
or
Mistresses
out
of
his
Pourveyers
hands
.
Or
if
the
product
of
the
taking
away
of
the
Pourveyance
and
Compositions
for
them
could
be
so
innocent
as
not
to
swell
and
multiply
the
Kings
charges
beyond
its
just
or
former
dimensions
,
there
will
be
many
other
Evils
and
Inconveniencies
,
by
enforcing
the
Officers
and
servants
of
the
Kings-houshold
to
buy
and
provide
his
and
their
food
and
provisions
as
the
common
people
do
theirs
,
when
they
shall
be
larded
or
inlaid
with
all
the
oaths
,
deceits
,
and
pretences
which
the
invention
of
the
Market
people
can
possibly
lay
upon
it
,
and
when
that
and
many
over-reaches
and
cou●ening
tricks
shall
be
endured
,
cannot
by
the
carelesness
of
the
Clerks
of
the
Market
,
and
too
many
of
the
Justices
of
the
Peace
,
be
always
at
any
certainty
that
they
do
not
buy
the
Beef
of
some
diseased
Oxe
or
Cow
,
which
had
the
knavish
help
of
a
Butcher
to
make
mans
meat
of
that
which
was
more
fit
to
make
a
Feast
for
the
Crows
,
or
such
Dogs
as
should
have
the
happiness
to
smell
out
the
Carrion
,
and
go
a
share
with
them
,
or
that
the
Poultery
which
they
shall
buy
were
not
killed
by
some
accident
or
disease
,
as
many
times
they
are
before
they
are
brought
or
offered
to
be
sold.
And
if
that
&
all
the
many
other
mischiefs
&
inconveniencies
which
●hall
happen
by
taking
away
the
Kings
Pourveyances
&
Compositions
for
them
,
levelling
him
,
and
his
Officers
,
&
Servants
,
&
ranking
them
in
the
business
of
Markets
amongst
the
Vulgus
&
Plebeians
,
or
common
or
rudest
sort
of
the
people
,
and
rendring
them
in
the
particular
of
Pourveyance
in
a
worse
condition
,
and
more
to
be
exacted
upon
then
many
of
the
Nobility
,
Gentry
,
and
Lords
of
Mannors
are
,
whose
Tenants
are
not
at
liberty
to
use
them
,
either
as
Strangers
or
Inferiors
,
and
in
as
bad
a
condition
as
the
poorest
or
meanest
laborer
of
the
Parish
,
were
fit
to
be
endured
or
could
be
reckoned
amongst
the
honors
and
respects
due
unto
the
Soveraignity
&
Majesty
of
Kings
,
there
will
be
added
&
brought
to
those
heaps
of
evils
,
another
of
no
small
detriment
in
the
rise
of
the
wages
and
main●ainance
of
the
Kings
Officers
and
Servants
,
who
were
hithe●to
paid
and
encouraged
more
by
the
plenty
of
the
Kings
Provisions
,
and
their
Tables
and
Dyet
,
and
some
Fees
and
avails
allowed
them
out
of
it
,
then
by
the
yearly
Wages
and
Pensions
which
were
given
unto
them
,
which
being
when
they
were
first
given
of
a
far
greater
value
then
now
they
are
,
and
were
then
esteemed
sufficient
for
his
great
and
subordinate
officers
and
servants
,
being
as
they
ought
to
be
men
of
honor
,
worship
,
and
reputation
,
are
and
will
be
now
without
those
Diets
,
Fees
,
and
Allowances
,
by
the
alteration
of
the
times
,
and
the
Rates
and
Prices
of
Apparrel
and
victuals
,
and
the
Wages
and
keeping
of
their
own
servants
and
manner
of
livelihood
(
in
regard
that
,
they
which
are
to
stand
before
Princes
,
are
by
allowance
and
pattern
of
Holy
Writ
,
to
be
more
then
ordinarily
Dieted
,
Apparrelled
,
and
Clothed
)
too
petit
and
unworthy
for
a
King
to
give
,
or
for
such
his
servants
to
take
,
and
without
any
possibility
of
a
comely
and
decent
maintenance
and
subsistence
in
the
service
of
a
King
,
which
requires
a
more
honorable
and
well
accoutred
Retinue
,
then
any
of
his
Nobility
,
Gentry
or
Subjects
.
As
may
appear
by
the
Lord
High
Admirals
yeerly
Fee
of
two
hundred
Marks
.
The
Treasurer
of
the
houshold
besides
his
Table
123
l.
—
14
s.
The
Cofferers
Fee
besides
his
Table
100
l.
Carvers
fifty
Marks
a
peice
.
Cup-bearers
fifty
Marks
a
peice
.
The
Pages
of
the
Privy
Chamber
fourty
shillings
a
peice
.
The
Captain
of
the
Guard
14
l.
The
Serjeant
of
the
Ewries
Fee
11
l.
—
8
s.
—
1
d.
—
ob
.
Serjeant
of
the
Bake-house
11
l.
—
8
s.
—
1
d.
—
ob
.
Serjeant
of
the
Pantry
11
l.
—
8
s.
—
1
d.
—
ob
.
Seven
Yeomen
five
pound
a
peice
.
Grooms
Fee
2
l.
—
13
s.
—
4
d.
Two
Pages
fourty
shillings
a
peice
.
Serjeant
of
the
Cellar
11
l.
—
8
s.
—
1
d.
—
ob
.
Serjeant
of
the
Pastry
11
l.
—
8
s.
—
1
d.
—
ob
.
Serjeant
of
the
Poultry
11
l.
—
8
s.
—
1
d.
—
ob
.
Clarks
Fee
6
l.
—
13
s.
—
4
d.
Four
Yeomen
Pourveyors
7
l.
—
13.
s.
—
4
d.
a
peice
.
Two
Yoemen
of
the
boiling
house
fifty
pounds
a
peice
.
Three
Grooms
2
●
.
—
13
s.
—
4
d.
Two
Pages
fourty
shillings
a
peice
.
Clarks
Fee
6
l.
—
13
s.
—
4
d.
Serjeant
of
the
Wood-yard
11
l.
—
13
s.
—
4
d.
Which
small
yearly
Pensions
to
the
great
and
other
Officers
before
mentioned
as
they
are
termed
above
stairs
are
made
out
and
supplyed
by
some
other
Fees
and
profits
belonging
to
their
places
and
the
favor
and
bounty
of
the
King
in
other
profits
and
emoluments
by
suits
and
requests
on
the
behalf
of
themselves
and
others
bestowed
upon
them
.
And
the
Officers
or
servants
below
Stairs
,
as
they
are
called
,
have
their
offices
and
places
enlarged
by
some
availes
and
allowances
,
as
may
be
instanced
in
these
particulars
,
viz.
The
Serjeant
of
the
Ewrie
hath
by
ancient
custome
for
his
Fee
all
Dyaper
spent
by
the
King
onely
dampned
or
damnified
.
The
Serjeant
of
the
Bakehouse
,
all
the
Bran
coming
and
arising
of
all
the
Wheat
baked
for
the
which
he
doth
finde
all
Bolting
Clothes
.
The
Serjeant
of
the
Pantry
,
the
Cover-pans
,
Drinking
Towels
,
and
other
Lynnen
Clothes
dampned
.
The
Serjeant
of
the
Cellar
,
the
empty
Caskes
of
Wine
spent
,
and
Cupboard
cloaths
damnified
.
The
Yeoman
Trayer
hath
for
his
Fees
all
the
Lees
of
the
Wines
within
four
fingers
of
the
Chyme
of
all
the
Wines
spent
,
and
all
the
Wines
shed
with
drawing
.
The
Yeoman
of
the
Bottles
all
the
drinking
Towels
Dampned
or
Dampnified
.
The
Serjeant
of
the
Pastery
is
to
have
by
like
ancient
custome
the
Bran
of
the
Meal
spent
,
the
Leggs
of
Beeves
at
four
principal
Feasts
in
the
year
onely
,
and
all
the
Leggs
of
Muttons
bakt
through
the
year
stricken
in
the
first
joynt
.
The
Serjeant
of
the
Poultery
,
the
Gray
Cony
skins
from
Alhallontide
to
Shrovetide
.
The
Clerk
hath
all
the
black
and
Dun
Coney
Skins
.
The
Serjeant
of
the
Accatrie
,
the
Head
of
the
Oxe
,
the
Tongue
,
Midriff
,
Panch
,
and
four
Feet
.
The
Yeoman
and
Grooms
have
the
Belly-peice
,
Sticking-peice
,
and
Rump
of
the
Ox
,
the
Sheeps
head
,
Gather
,
and
Calves
Feet
.
The
Boiling
house
hath
for
Fee
,
the
dripping
of
the
Rost
,
the
stripping
cut
off
from
the
Brisket
and
Surloine
peice
of
Beif
,
and
the
Grease
coming
of
the
drawing
of
the
Beif
out
of
the
Lead
being
in
the
Kettles
or
Pans
.
And
the
officers
of
the
Woodyard
,
all
the
small
Taps
of
Woods
of
the
Kings
Fell
for
the
expences
of
his
houshold
.
All
which
several
sorts
of
Fees
,
allowances
and
avails
,
are
not
by
the
orders
of
the
Kings
house
to
be
had
or
taken
without
the
Comptrolment
and
view
of
the
Clerks
Comptrollers
,
or
the
Clerk
in
every
office
.
And
being
in
many
things
but
parallel
,
and
like
unto
that
which
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
do
allow
unto
their
servants
for
rewards
and
incouragements
,
as
to
the
Gentleman
of
the
Horse
,
the
cast
or
over-ridden
horses
,
to
the
Keepers
of
Parks
the
Umbles
,
Shoulders
and
Skins
of
Deer
,
a
Fee
of
ten
shillings
permitted
to
be
taken
of
every
one
that
hath
a
Buck
or
Doe
given
them
,
and
the
Browse
and
windfall
Wood
,
to
servants
,
the
going
of
some
Horses
or
Sheep
in
their
grounds
,
to
Cooks
the
Kitchin-stuffe
,
and
to
Butlers
the
chippings
and
waste
Bread
and
Beer
,
&c.
Are
in
the
case
of
diverse
of
the
Kings
Officers
and
servants
,
eiked
and
peiced
out
by
the
Kings
bounty
and
grace
in
some
peices
of
Plate
given
to
them
for
new
years
gifts
,
which
in
Anno
25
H.
8.
(
and
t
is
likely
that
the
same
or
something
like
unto
it
,
was
and
is
every
year
retained
as
a
custome
)
in
what
was
given
by
him
unto
diverse
of
his
Nobility
,
Bishops
,
and
houshold
officers
and
servants
amounted
unto
above
one
thousand
pounds
sterling
,
as
appears
by
an
account
signed
with
the
Sign
Manual
of
that
King
communicated
unto
me
by
Mr.
Thomas
Falconbridge
one
of
the
Deputy
Chamberlaines
of
the
Exchequer
,
In
Recept
.
Scac●ar
.
very
well
skilled
in
our
English
Antiquities
,
and
a
great
lover
and
preserver
of
the
Ancient
Rolls
and
Records
in
the
Office
of
the
Receipt
of
the
Exchequer
,
and
by
many
other
allowances
,
and
some
permissions
and
connivences
to
support
the
honor
of
our
Kings
in
their
houshold
affairs
,
Trains
,
and
attendants
which
would
not
otherwise
be
allowed
or
permitted
,
and
would
cost
the
King
as
much
or
more
in
Wages
or
other
Pensions
if
they
were
not
,
nor
would
need
to
be
if
the
Rates
and
Prices
of
livelihood
did
not
so
exceedingly
and
beyond
all
measure
and
reason
surpass
the
ancient
Wages
and
Pensions
of
the
Court
which
may
escape
any
,
either
the
severe
censures
or
sullen
murmurings
of
some
of
the
people
,
when
as
the
difference
in
the
Kings
Wages
and
Rewards
to
and
upon
his
officers
and
servants
,
betwixt
what
was
heretofore
(
to
make
no
greater
a
retrospect
,
then
one
hundred
or
two
hundred
yeers
ago
)
and
what
he
is
now
necessitated
unto
,
reaches
a
great
deal
beyond
the
peoples
extraordinary
charges
in
his
Pourveyance
and
compositions
;
and
that
his
Officers
and
Servants
are
not
as
in
the
reign
of
King
H.
3.
French
and
Poictovins
,
or
Bohemians
,
as
in
the
Reign
of
King
R.
2.
or
Gascoignes
,
as
in
the
Reign
of
his
Supplanter
King
H.
4.
but
are
for
the
most
part
English
,
and
the
sons
or
sons
in
Law
,
Nephews
,
kindred
,
and
relations
of
those
that
are
to
furnish
the
provisions
of
his
houshold
at
some
under
value
or
loosing
rates
and
prices
,
and
in
that
way
are
no
great
loosers
or
none
at
all
;
if
it
were
not
every
one
of
the
peoples
interest
as
well
as
duty
to
help
the
King
in
his
provisions
for
house-keeping
,
who
is
their
Buckler
and
ready
help
upon
all
occasions
,
and
gave
many
of
them
that
which
may
very
well
enable
them
to
do
it
.
And
it
cannot
become
either
the
Majesty
or
business
of
the
King
if
he
had
as
he
hath
not
a
large
Demeasne
,
Vineyards
and
Olive
Trees
,
the
valleys
,
wherewith
to
make
and
perform
their
often
sacrifices
,
which
(
though
not
so
great
as
that
which
Solomon
made
at
the
Dedication
of
the
Temple
when
he
sacrificed
twenty
and
two
thousand
Oxen
and
twenty
thousand
Sheep
)
were
with
his
many
other
sacrifices
every
year
upon
the
Altar
of
the
Lord
which
he
had
built
before
the
Porch
of
the
Temple
very
costly
and
chargeable
(
and
yet
had
his
houshold
provisions
yearly
served
in
by
a
rate
.
)
To
ingage
or
trouble
himself
and
the
Officers
and
Servants
of
his
Court
being
men
of
another
manner
of
extraction
and
business
in
the
low
and
laborious
labors
,
or
skill
of
Ploughmen
,
Herdsmen
,
or
Husbandmen
,
or
of
buying
and
selling
Cattle
,
when
they
are
not
at
all
instructed
or
educated
therein
,
or
to
have
their
Court
and
Palaces
incumbred
with
the
making
of
Butter
and
Cheese
,
breeding
and
feeding
of
Poultry
with
the
imployments
belonging
thereunto
,
which
are
usually
managed
by
those
inferior
ranks
and
degrees
of
women
,
who
are
onely
necessary
for
those
or
the
like
kinde
of
Incumbrances
,
which
however
it
may
with
other
sorts
of
people
be
very
subservient
and
consistent
with
Hospitality
and
house
keeping
,
and
the
necessaries
thereunto
;
and
that
the
breeding
and
raising
of
their
own
houshold
provisions
,
and
the
having
it
of
their
own
,
did
heretofore
very
much
enable
our
Nobility
and
Gentry
in
their
Hospitalities
and
house-keeping
,
yet
it
was
never
according
to
the
prudence
and
wisdom
of
the
Egyptians
,
Greeks
and
Romans
,
Boemus
de
mo●i●us
Gentium
,
Sigonius
de
Repub
Athenien
.
lib.
1.481
.
&
de
Antique
Ju●e
Prov●iciarum
l●b
.
2.
and
by
all
or
the
major
part
of
Nations
thorough
so
many
ages
and
so
much
experimented
right
Reason
,
thought
fitting
or
becoming
the
Majesty
,
State
,
and
imployment
of
Kings
and
Princes
,
who
(
as
Quintius
Cincinnatus
well
understood
it
when
he
left
his
Plough
and
Country
life
,
to
help
the
Romans
his
Countrimen
,
when
in
their
great
distress
they
choose
him
to
be
their
Dictator
:
)
are
more
especially
to
imploy
their
time
and
cares
in
military
affairs
,
and
the
daily
importunities
and
troubles
of
State
and
Government
.
And
when
those
kinde
of
high
and
important
affairs
shall
give
them
any
ease
or
respiration
,
Aristotel
.
politic
.
lib.
7.
ca.
9.
Opus
est
quiete
&
otio
ad
virtutem
c●mparandam
&
ad
Rempublicam
gerendam
;
It
is
requisite
(
saith
Aristotle
)
that
universal
searcher
into
Nature
,
and
all
manner
of
Learning
and
Policy
,
)
that
such
as
govern
or
imploy
themselves
in
Magistracy
should
have
leisure
to
contemplate
Virtue
,
and
the
best
wayes
,
and
means
,
of
Government
;
and
that
in
optima
Republica
,
the
best
kinde
of
Government
(
by
which
he
understands
Monarchy
,
which
he
else
where
preferreth
before
all
other
,
and
calleth
it
Divine
)
nec
certe
Agricoloe
,
men
that
busie
themselves
in
Husbandry
are
not
to
be
admitted
into
it
.
VVhich
being
granted
by
all
that
are
in
any
Amity
or
correspondence
with
their
own
understanding
,
it
will
by
a
most
undeniable
consequence
or
conclusion
,
necessarily
follow
,
that
the
Officers
and
Servants
of
the
King
are
either
to
buy
his
provisions
for
house-keeping
at
the
Markets
,
or
where
else
it
may
be
had
,
or
take
,
or
receive
it
as
formerly
they
did
by
ancient
right
and
custome
by
way
of
Pourveyance
and
Composition
,
and
that
the
buying
of
it
as
he
doth
now
,
when
he
hath
not
his
Pourveyance
and
Composition
,
will
if
they
pay
not
ready
money
,
but
add
insteed
of
interest
a
greater
rate
then
they
shall
pay
who
do
buy
with
ready
money
,
and
if
they
do
buy
with
ready
money
,
which
in
such
a
consumption
,
as
the
Kings
Estate
and
Revenue
languisheth
under
,
they
are
not
likely
to
do
,
will
not
be
able
after
such
exorbitant
rates
long
to
continue
payment
of
ready
mony
,
and
if
those
notwithstanding
who
shall
be
imployed
be
not
the
honester
,
may
take
of
the
Kings
Officers
more
money
then
they
lay
out
,
and
by
serving
his
provisions
in
at
a
certain
rate
,
gain
a
quarter
or
fourth
part
of
the
price
in
every
thing
they
buy
.
Such
or
the
like
good
services
being
now
by
a
general
way
of
Shift
and
cosening
,
bred
and
nursed
up
by
the
late
unhappy
Rebellion
&
liberties
of
sinning
,
&
are
now
so
much
in
fashion
,
as
too
many
of
the
Cook-maids
or
servants
in
private
houses
and
families
will
out
of
every
joynt
of
meat
,
and
things
which
they
are
sent
to
buy
at
the
Market
,
or
in
any
other
place
,
Tax
&
sconse
their
Master
or
Mistresses
purses
,
as
much
as
their
ill
Consciences
shall
direct
them
,
and
think
they
have
bad
services
if
they
have
not
besides
their
meat
,
drink
,
lodging
,
and
as
much
wages
again
as
fromerly
they
had
,
the
benefit
of
their
Basket
,
as
they
term
it
,
and
going
to
Market
to
cozen
or
cheat
ten
or
fifteen
pounds
more
then
their
yearly
Wages
,
and
if
their
Masters
to
prevent
it
shall
agree
with
the
Butcher
to
serve
them
at
a
rate
all
the
year
for
Beef
,
Veal
,
Lamb
and
Mutton
,
will
be
so
impudent
as
to
threaten
to
carry
their
Masters
custom
some
where
else
,
or
not
pay
the
money
which
is
sent
to
pay
them
,
unless
they
may
have
poundage
allowed
them
,
and
may
after
that
rate
and
fashion
of
their
pride
and
cheating
their
Masters
to
maintain
it
,
make
themselves
in
a
little
time
to
be
free
of
the
Corporation
of
Judas
,
whilst
too
many
Citizens
or
Tradesmen
,
notwithstanding
the
great
care
which
they
seem
to
take
of
Truth
and
Religion
,
preaching
of
the
Word
,
purity
of
the
Gospel
,
Family
Duties
,
Catechising
their
servants
,
repetition
of
Sermons
,
walking
the
wayes
of
God
,
and
a
good
conscience
,
and
their
fear
of
the
increase
of
Popery
,
Superstition
,
Idolatry
,
and
the
impending
judgements
of
God
for
the
sins
of
the
Nation
,
can
by
most
wicked
combinations
entice
and
allure
their
customers
,
servants
,
to
cozen
and
cheat
their
Masters
by
stretching
the
reckonings
,
and
making
them
,
to
be
due
unto
themselves
,
can
give
them
an
allowance
or
present
out
of
it
of
ten
shillings
,
or
some
other
sum
of
money
in
a
Bill
of
four
or
five
pounds
,
and
give
an
acquittance
for
it
,
as
if
they
themselves
had
received
it
.
So
as
all
manner
of
cozening
and
artificial
and
newly
devised
trim
ways
of
cheating
,
under
the
pretence
and
colour
of
Religion
,
honesty
,
and
doing
of
faithful
service
,
having
like
some
Epidemick
and
general
contagion
,
infected
and
spread
it self
through
almost
all
the
ranks
and
degrees
of
the
people
;
the
King
who
is
like
to
be
most
abused
by
it
,
hath
now
a
greater
necessity
then
ever
of
his
Compositions
for
Pourveyance
,
and
of
the
several
Counties
serving
in
their
Provisions
,
for
that
otherwise
so
great
a
number
of
Harpies
and
Gyps●es
as
his
officers
and
servants
shall
meet
with
,
in
the
buying
of
his
houshold
Provisions
,
will
make
a
great
allowance
or
assignments
in
money
for
houshold
expences
,
which
several
Acts
of
Parliament
in
the
Reign
of
King
H.
7.
King
H.
8.
Queen
Elizabeth
and
King
James
,
did
in
aid
of
the
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
limit
and
appoint
to
be
paid
towards
the
charge
of
house-keeping
,
out
of
several
parts
of
the
revenue
,
as
some
out
of
the
profits
of
the
Court
of
Wards
,
some
out
of
Fee
Farm
Rents
,
and
others
out
of
the
Customes
,
yet
unrepealed
,
to
be
but
as
a
very
little
,
and
render
it
altogether
insufficient
,
and
not
the
one
half
so
much
in
value
as
the
allowance
or
money
shall
seem
to
be
.
Or
if
the
King
had
had
a
yearly
sum
of
money
to
be
yearly
charged
upon
the
people
,
and
paid
by
them
in
lieu
of
the
Pourveyance
,
as
it
was
designed
by
a
Bill
for
an
Act
of
Parliament
thrice
read
in
the
house
of
Peers
in
Parliament
in
the
first
year
of
the
Reign
of
King
James
and
passed
,
and
sent
down
to
the
house
of
Commons
,
and
being
by
them
not
assented
unto
,
but
another
Bill
for
an
Act
of
Parliament
prepared
and
sent
up
in
stead
of
the
former
,
and
the
abolishing
of
all
Pou●veyance
,
and
fifty
thousand
pound
per
annum
in
recompence
thereof
,
granted
to
be
leavy●d
upon
the
Lands
in
every
County
of
England
,
and
prosecuted
no
further
then
the
twice
reading
of
that
Bill
.
Such
an
yearly
sum
of
money
,
being
afterwards
yearly
drawn
and
forced
from
those
uses
by
some
greater
necessities
,
would
have
left
the
King
to
more
wants
,
and
his
people
to
a
greater
necessity
of
supplying
him
,
or
if
it
had
been
then
as
it
is
now
supposed
to
be
,
satisfied
by
a
grant
of
the
moiety
of
the
Excise
of
Ale
,
Beer
,
Sider
,
Perry
,
and
other
compounded
drinks
,
to
be
yearly
paid
to
him
his
heirs
and
Successo●s
,
those
yearly
profits
would
have
been
under
the
like
fate
of
being
otherwise
imployed
,
and
whether
in
that
way
,
or
by
the
fifty
thousand
pound
per
annum
to
be
charged
upon
the
people
,
would
not
have
been
a
just
and
ad●equate
recompence
for
the
yearly
loss
(
if
no
more
)
of
seventy
three
thousand
six
hundred
pounds
fourteen
shillings
and
seven
pence
,
which
the
King
now
sustaineth
for
want
of
his
prae-emption
,
Pou●veyance
,
or
Compositions
for
them
,
by
how
much
the
sum
of
seventy
three
thousand
six
hundred
pounds
fourteen
shillings
and
seven
pence
per
annum
,
if
no
fur●her
addition
of
damage
should
happen
,
exceedeth
fifty
thousand
pounds
per
annum
,
and
by
how
much
the
moiety
of
such
an
Excise
might
as
it
doth
now
fall
a
great
deal
short
of
the
estimate
or
yearly
Income
,
which
it
was
believed
to
be
.
Nor
can
come
up
unto
that
equality
or
rule
of
justice
which
ought
to
be
in
laying
of
Assessements
or
Taxes
upon
the
common
people
for
a
general
and
publike
good
wherein
every
man
being
concerned
ought
to
contribute
,
for
that
such
a
Tax
or
Imposition
for
the
Pourveyance
,
will
be
as
wide
of
it
,
as
to
lay
the
burden
of
the
rich
upon
the
poor
,
compell
the
Aged
,
Lame
,
or
Impotent
▪
to
maintain
the
young
more
healthy
and
able
,
or
to
enforce
a
contribution
of
the
County
of
Oxford
,
towards
the
See
Walls
,
Inning
of
Marshes
,
or
draining
of
Fennes
in
Norfolk
and
Lincol●eshire
,
constrain
men
to
fraight
out
Ships
and
pay
custome
for
the
goods
of
Merchants
,
when
they
shall
partake
nothing
of
the
gains
,
and
make
all
the
Counties
and
people
of
England
▪
to
pay
a
far
greater
Tax
then
the
Compositions
for
Pourveyance
amounted
unto
for
to
purchase
a
discharge
of
Compositions
for
Pourveyance
,
which
lay
but
lightly
upon
all
but
twelve
or
thirteen
Shires
or
Counties
which
are
near
adjacent
unto
London
,
and
gave
them
little
or
no
trouble
at
all
,
to
ease
those
twelve
or
thirteen
Counties
which
gained
ten
times
more
by
the
Pourveyance
,
and
the
Kings
residence
at
London
,
then
what
they
ever
paid
or
contributed
towards
it
.
And
may
well
miscarry
in
the
hopes
ot
wishes
of
the
peoples
content
or
approbation
,
when
as
such
a
recompence
as
the
King
is
supposed
to
have
by
it
,
and
as
much
again
laid
upon
the
people
by
the
fraud
and
exactions
of
the
Brewers
and
sellers
of
Ale
and
Beer
,
&c
▪
and
the
peoples
oppressing
and
cheating
of
one
another
,
by
pretence
and
colour
of
it
,
and
in
the
Farming
or
collecting
of
it
shall
be
extorted
or
taken
out
of
the
necessities
or
excess
of
his
subjects
,
the
groans
and
complaints
of
the
poorer
sort
of
them
,
and
the
murmurings
and
discontents
of
the
rich
&
more
able
to
bear
it
,
who
will
not
be
perswaded
but
that
it
is
an
Artifice
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
to
ease
themselves
of
other
necessary
duties
and
payments
by
taking
it
off
their
own
shoulders
,
and
putting
it
upon
theirs
.
And
the
poorer
sort
of
people
who
were
never
used
to
be
troubled
with
any
charge
or
payments
towards
Pourveyance
and
Compositions
,
and
by
their
weakness
of
Purse
and
Estate
,
are
always
more
sensible
and
complaining
of
any
burdens
which
shall
be
laid
upon
them
;
shall
as
they
will
finde
themselves
to
be
loosers
in
the
rise
and
heightning
of
all
victuals
and
provisions
to
be
bought
,
as
much
or
more
then
the
yearly
charge
of
the
Kings
Pourveyance
and
Compositions
did
amount
unto
,
for
that
the
Kings
price
will
increase
that
of
the
Nobility
,
that
of
the
Nobility
will
raise
the
Gentry
in
their
prices
,
and
the
unreasonable
rates
and
prices
which
the
Gentry
must
be
constrained
to
give
,
will
raise
that
of
the
common
people
,
and
a
price
once
raised
and
fixed
,
but
for
a
little
time
is
so
by
the
craft
and
sinful
pretences
of
the
sellers
kept
up
and
continued
as
it
seldom
falls
again
,
but
riseth
higher
and
higher
,
and
as
far
as
they
can
possibly
stretch
or
strain
it
,
so
as
none
will
be
gainers
but
the
sellers
,
who
are
not
a
third
part
of
the
people
,
and
their
gains
must
be
made
out
of
the
losses
and
damage
of
the
King
and
two
parts
of
the
people
.
Who
will
also
be
put
in
a
worse
condition
when
the
King
by
a
daily
waste
and
consumption
in
his
Revenue
by
such
exactions
and
prices
imposed
upon
him
in
buying
his
houshold
provisions
at
such
intollerable
rates
and
prices
,
as
the
unbounded
avarice
,
gnawing
and
grinding
advantages
of
the
sellers
shall
be
pleased
to
put
upon
him
,
shall
for
want
of
his
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
be
enforced
to
lay
down
his
Officers
and
Servants
Tables
,
and
put
all
or
most
of
his
servants
to
Board-wages
,
and
that
the
money
which
shall
be
intended
or
assigned
to
pay
them
,
shall
afterwards
upon
some
emergencies
or
necessities
of
State
affairs
for
the
defence
or
preservation
of
himself
or
his
people
be
transferred
to
other
important
uses
.
When
the
wants
and
cravings
of
his
servants
who
cannot
live
by
unpaid
Arrears
,
may
set
them
to
hunt
the
people
for
monys
which
they
suppose
may
by
reason
of
some
neglected
rights
or
concealments
,
be
due
from
them
to
the
King
their
Master
,
or
to
devise
projects
,
and
perswade
him
to
strain
his
Prerogative
in
the
reformation
of
known
abuses
in
Trade
,
or
other
dealings
,
wherein
many
of
the
people
do
appear
to
be
very
great
gainers
,
more
then
by
Law
or
Conscience
they
ought
,
to
be
,
to
the
end
that
he
might
help
his
servants
,
who
think
it
to
be
reasonable
enough
for
them
to
essay
lawful
ways
and
means
to
support
themselves
,
whilst
they
conceive
that
they
should
not
have
wanted
their
daily
bread
or
maintenance
,
if
the
business
of
the
Common-wealth
,
and
the
Kings
care
of
the
people
in
general
had
not
bereaved
or
deprived
them
in
their
particulars
.
And
that
their
sufferings
,
want
of
Wages
and
fitting
maintenance
was
to
procure
the
wel-fare
and
happiness
of
their
fellow
subjects
.
Or
if
that
way
which
many
times
galles
&
vexes
more
in
the
maner
then
the
things
themselves
shal
not
extend
unto
their
relief
,
will
at
the
best
after
dangerous
discontents
and
commotions
in
the
minds
of
the
people
,
but
beget
larg●
Taxes
and
Assessements
in
exchange
of
projects
or
some
other
necessitated
incursions
upon
the
peoples
liberties
,
or
produce
some
Artifices
of
Policies
of
State
to
raise
money
from
them
,
as
the
Crusadoes
by
the
Popes
in
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
third
,
Mat.
Paris
803.913
.
and
dispensing
for
money
with
such
as
had
engaged
to
go
to
the
wars
in
the
holy
Land
,
and
were
sick
or
not
able
,
or
had
a
minde
to
●arry
at
home
;
or
as
some
Kings
and
Princes
have
done
by
pretending
fears
of
invasion
from
some
neighbor
Princes
,
or
a
necess●ty
of
transporting
the
war
out
of
their
own
into
an
enemies
Country
,
and
when
they
had
raised
great
sums
of
money
and
made
ready
their
Armies
,
dismissed
all
but
the
money
which
was
gained
by
them
,
to
return
home
again
upon
an
overture
of
a
peace
,
or
a
certainty
that
there
was
no
need
or
likelihood
of
wars
.
When
it
is
well
known
that
the
people
had
no
just
cause
to
complain
of
the
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
it
▪
nor
of
the
Cart
taking
,
as
to
themselves
or
their
servants
,
when
the
Masters
had
two
pence
a
mile
allowed
them
for
their
Horses
and
Carts
,
which
most
commonly
went
not
above
twelve
miles
from
their
habitations
,
the
Horses
having
no
want
of
Grass
,
Provender
,
or
Hey
;
the
men
had
better
Beer
and
Victuals
then
they
had
at
home
.
And
the
owners
of
Carts
and
Horses
within
the
Virge
of
the
Kings
houses
,
or
Palaces
,
or
in
the
way
of
his
progress
,
were
no
loosers
by
his
coming
when
either
for
his
recreation
or
refreshment
,
or
to
visit
the
several
parts
and
Provinces
of
his
kingdom
,
he
should
think
fit
to
make
his
progress
to
meet
with
and
redress
any
complaints
or
grievances
which
should
happen
therein
.
So
as
the
fault
must
needs
be
in
themselves
,
if
they
would
now
finde
fault
with
that
which
they
could
not
do
before
;
when
as
those
just
and
ancient
rights
of
the
Kings
of
England
,
and
duties
of
their
subjects
,
were
alwayes
so
necessary
and
inseparable
to
the
Crown
and
their
Imperial
dignity
,
as
that
if
our
ancient
Kimgs
of
England
had
not
enjoyed
those
their
just
rights
(
which
the
fury
of
the
Barons
wa●s
against
King
John
,
and
his
son
King
Henry
the
third
,
and
those
grand
advantages
which
they
had
over
those
Kings
in
so
great
a
commotion
of
the
people
,
which
the
power
and
interests
of
those
Barons
(
for
all
had
not
laid
aside
their
loyalty
)
had
stirred
up
against
them
,
did
not
in
the
making
and
confirming
of
our
Magna
Charta
think
fit
to
deny
them
if
they
paid
the
antiqua
pretia
ancient
rates
and
hire
)
they
could
not
without
an
immense
charge
,
which
we
do
not
finde
they
were
at
have
removed
so
often
and
so
far
as
they
did
from
London
,
to
their
several
houses
and
Palaces
(
which
their
many
Forrests
,
Chases
,
and
Parks
,
for
their
disport
and
Hunting
in
several
Counties
and
remote
parts
of
the
Kingdom
will
evidence
,
that
they
did
not
seldom
do
)
and
make
so
many
Voyages
into
Normandy
,
as
our
Norman
Kings
William
Rufus
and
Henry
the
first
,
and
their
successor
Henry
the
second
,
and
he
and
his
son
King
John
,
and
Richard
the
second
did
into
Ireland
,
or
as
other
of
their
predecessors
did
into
Wales
,
or
as
King
James
did
from
and
into
Scotland
,
or
King
Charles
the
Martyr
,
his
son
when
he
went
thither
to
be
Crowned
,
nor
keep
their
Christmas
and
other
Festivals
,
or
their
Parliaments
as
many
of
our
Kings
and
their
successors
did
in
several
places
of
the
Kingdom
,
which
their
Letters
Pattents
dated
from
thence
,
do
frequently
testifie
,
or
the
term
as
King
Edward
the
first
did
at
York
.
Neither
could
our
late
Royal
Martyr
King
Charles
the
first
have
made
so
good
a
shift
as
he
did
to
remove
himself
and
his
Court
Northerly
,
and
to
York
in
the
yeer
1641.
to
save
himself
from
the
London
tumults
,
nor
have
gathered
Forces
,
or
had
means
or
time
to
defend
himself
and
his
people
,
if
he
had
released
and
forbid
his
Pourveyances
by
Act
of
Parliament
,
but
must
like
a
Bird
without
Feathers
,
or
with
broken
wings
,
have
been
taken
with
a
little
running
after
,
and
been
brought
back
again
by
the
Sheriff
of
the
first
County
he
had
escaped
into
,
which
the
Rebellious
pa●ty
in
the
late
distempered
and
fatally
unhappy
Parliament
,
were
confident
would
have
been
the
consequence
of
his
going
away
from
them
without
granting
unto
them
his
regality
,
and
surrendring
up
the
care
and
protection
of
his
people
into
their
arbitrary
way
of
governing
them
in
his
name
to
their
own
use
,
and
as
they
pleased
by
Votes
and
Ordinances
.
If
his
officers
and
servants
could
not
when
the
Factious
party
in
that
Parliament
had
seised
his
Rents
and
Revenues
,
have
hired
a
Cart
for
his
use
without
an
order
or
provision
of
Carts
and
Horses
made
by
the
appointment
of
two
of
the
next
Justices
of
Peace
,
or
at
a
lesser
rate
then
six
pence
a
mile
,
or
what
more
every
rich
sturdy
Clown
,
or
his
rude
unmannerly
servants
should
have
demanded
of
them
to
be
paid
before
hand
,
and
upon
refusal
of
their
Carts
or
Carriages
should
have
had
no
other
remedy
but
to
complain
to
the
Justices
of
Peace
to
compell
or
punish
them
.
The
want
of
which
part
of
the
Royal
Pourveyance
,
as
well
as
his
other
Pourveyance
and
Compositions
for
them
,
hindring
his
now
Majesty
in
the
last
Summer
1661.
when
he
intended
a
Progress
to
visit
his
loyal
City
of
Worcester
,
the
Roy●l
ever
to
be
remembred
Oak
,
and
the
places
of
his
marvelous
escape
in
a
grateful
acknowledgement
of
Gods
never
to
be
forgotten
mercies
shewed
unto
him
in
that
his
greatest
of
distresses
,
so
as
he
could
not
either
then
or
ever
since
perfect
or
put
in
execution
,
that
his
pious
and
most
Christian-like
resolution
may
inform
every
one
that
is
not
more
then
deaf
to
all
reason
,
that
it
was
the
Nations
concernment
that
the
King
should
not
have
wanted
the
assistance
of
his
Pourveyance
to
have
gone
to
the
place
of
that
his
extraordinary
deliverance
,
to
have
rendred
thanks
for
himself
and
his
people
,
who
may
be
said
to
have
been
delivered
in
him
,
and
escaped
with
him
.
And
if
it
had
not
been
such
an
ancient
right
,
should
not
have
been
denyed
him
in
his
necessities
;
which
Cicero
who
was
as
great
a
Commonwealths
man
in
Rome
and
lover
of
it
,
Tully
lib.
de
.
offici●●
.
as
any
of
our
Republicans
could
be
in
England
,
was
of
opinion
,
ought
to
be
obeyed
,
ubi
pro
salute
Reipublicae
,
Molina
de
●●st
.
&
Jur.
Tom
3.
disput●t
.
674.
&
C●●ar●u
.
ad
●ep
.
peccatum
.
where
it
is
for
the
good
of
the
Commonwealth
.
And
Molin●
and
Couarruvias
,
do
think
it
no
adventure
to
conclude
that
in
that
case
Subditi
non
sunt
excusati
in
foro
conscientiae
,
si
tributa
collectas
,
&c.
detrectent
aut
fraude
circumveniant
,
Subjects
are
not
in
conscience
to
be
excused
if
they
delay
or
deny
to
pay
their
Tributes
or
dues
,
or
shall
use
any
deceipt
in
the
payment
of
them
.
For
it
can
be
no
other
then
the
weal
publike
,
and
an
universal
good
and
benefit
that
the
King
,
who
although
he
be
Gods
Deputie
,
is
not
as
he
is
Omniscient
or
Omnipres●nt
,
nor
can
at
once
or
a
far
off
see
and
understand
all
the
Actions
of
his
subjects
,
should
like
the
Sun
in
his
course
visit
at
several
times
as
many
parts
and
places
of
his
Kingdom
as
he
can
,
and
it
must
needs
be
a
great
damage
to
his
people
that
the
King
who
is
not
to
be
chained
like
the
Romane
Gods
to
the
Capitol
,
or
forced
into
the
condition
of
some
Foggy
Citizen
of
London
,
who
being
born
within
the
sound
of
Bow
Bell
,
thinks
it
a
great
adventure
to
travil
any
further
;
should
be
kept
for
want
of
his
Pourveyance
,
from
the
knowledge
of
his
people
,
who
can
not
justly
complain
that
their
burdens
,
or
grievances
when
there
are
any
(
as
some
will
always
be
in
the
most
Pacifique
and
happy
Government
,
and
are
many
times
not
at
all
occasioned
by
any
publike
affairs
or
inconveniencies
,
but
by
the
peoples
afflicting
and
oppressing
one
another
(
a
small
matter
being
to
a
weak
man
,
or
of
an
incumbred
estate
,
or
overcharged
with
children
,
misfortunes
,
or
debts
,
a
burden
or
grievance
,
which
to
one
that
is
otherwise
,
would
seem
light
or
trivial
,
and
scarce
worth
the
taking
notice
of
.
)
Are
not
remedied
,
or
can
no
sooner
get
through
the
throng
or
crowds
of
pleasures
,
designs
,
or
interests
,
which
too
much
and
too
often
infest
and
injure
the
Courts
of
Princes
and
their
good
intentions
,
or
that
they
cannot
find
intercessors
or
opportunities
when
they
shall
for
want
of
his
Pourveyances
and
progresses
,
confine
him
to
one
place
of
residence
,
nor
may
wonder
that
he
is
so
much
in
want
of
money
,
and
complain
that
they
should
so
often
be
inforced
to
give
entertainment
to
Subsidies
,
Taxes
,
and
Assessments
to
supply
him
,
and
the
publike
affairs
,
when
as
they
themselves
do
not
onely
increase
his
wants
by
putting
dear
rates
and
unreasonable
prices
upon
him
,
but
constrain
him
by
reason
of
the
loss
of
his
Pourveyance
,
to
reside
altogether
at
London
,
where
nothing
but
devout
cheating
and
knavery
is
cheap
,
when
David
was
sometimes
at
Hebron
,
and
Solomon
at
Gibeon
aswell
as
at
Jerusalem
.
And
it
must
needs
be
very
necessary
that
Kings
should
sometimes
by
their
progesses
visit
their
several
Provinces
,
and
inquire
into
the
contents
or
discontents
,
weal
or
wo
of
their
Subjects
,
when
they
have
not
an
hundred
eyes
like
Argus
,
nor
Lynceus
his
sharp
sight
to
see
as
he
is
said
to
have
done
at
a
great
distance
,
nor
can
make
use
of
their
own
eyes
and
ears
,
the
truest
and
best
Intelligencers
,
if
they
shall
be
always
tyed
up
to
one
and
the
same
House
or
Palace
,
where
the
mists
and
clouds
of
Flattery
,
the
bane
and
ruine
of
Princes
and
their
Kingdoms
,
and
people
,
and
multitudes
of
varnished
designs
,
do
hourely
interpose
,
keep
out
or
abuse
any
true
information
which
shall
be
given
or
made
unto
them
of
the
grievances
of
the
people
,
who
like
Cripples
,
or
Mephibosheth
,
lame
of
their
feet
,
cannot
reach
the
gracious
eyes
or
ears
of
their
Prince
,
but
must
give
against
their
wills
advantages
to
every
lying
and
deceitful
Ziba
,
to
misuse
or
divert
the
effect
of
their
Princes
cares
and
good
intentions
which
makes
Progresses
to
be
so
useful
,
and
to
have
been
heretofore
so
observed
and
unneglected
by
our
English
as
well
as
all
other
Kings
and
Princes
,
whereby
to
understand
as
Philippus
Honorius
saith
,
Philipp
Honorius
Thesaur
.
Politic.
La
natura
di
subditi
,
the
manners
and
imployment
well
or
ill
being
of
their
subjects
,
and
the
performance
,
or
neglect
of
subordinate
Governors
,
and
to
rejoyce
,
and
comfort
themselves
in
their
love
and
acclamations
,
and
should
therefore
have
their
eyes
like
Gods-providence
,
running
to
and
fro
the
Land
,
as
much
as
mortality
and
its
frailties
can
permit
them
,
which
hath
taught
the
great
Monarch
of
Industan
not
onely
yeerly
to
make
his
progresses
into
several
parts
of
his
Dominions
,
but
wherever
he
resides
to
shew
himself
,
every
evening
out
of
his
window
about
Sun
setting
to
the
people
,
and
to
cause
a
little
Bell
to
be
hung
in
the
room
where
he
sits
,
by
the
cord
whereof
conveyed
without
the
door
,
and
suitor
or
petitioner
may
ring
the
Bell
&
be
admitted
.
And
the
unhappy
Childerick
King
of
France
,
keeping
too
much
within
doors
all
the
rest
of
the
year
,
could
notwithstanding
be
perswaded
to
exhibite
and
shew
himself
to
the
people
every
May
day
.
The
necessity
and
good
use
of
Progresses
being
to
be
subscribed
unto
,
and
acknowledged
when
the
King
shall
diffuse
his
comforts
to
all
that
shal
be
within
the
circumference
or
neighborhood
of
his
abode
,
when
he
shall
not
by
his
Royal
influence
and
neighborhood
,
make
one
part
of
his
Kingdom
an
East
or
West
Indies
,
and
all
the
rest
or
the
major
part
thereof
to
be
a
Greenland
,
or
place
uncomfortable
,
but
extend
his
bounty
and
goodness
at
several
times
and
seasons
to
all
his
people
.
When
many
a
petition
and
request
shall
not
need
to
make
a
costly
journey
to
London
,
when
the
prices
of
the
Markets
raised
higher
then
they
were
before
by
his
Train
and
Retinue
coming
amongst
them
,
and
the
confluence
of
many
people
from
all
parts
within
or
neer
unto
the
neighborhood
,
shall
reimburse
the
Sellers
a
great
deal
more
then
those
parts
,
or
their
neighborhood
,
did
pay
or
were
charged
with
,
either
for
Compositions
for
Pourveyance
,
or
Cart
taking
,
when
some
Cities
and
Towns
,
as
many
have
done
shall
be
much
the
better
by
an
enlargement
of
their
Charters
,
or
a
grant
of
some
immunities
and
priviledges
to
them
their
successors
and
after
generations
in
perpetuity
.
When
some
families
may
be
forever
made
happy
as
one
was
in
a
progress
of
King
James
,
when
a
careful
Gentlewoman
with
her
seven
young
children
,
having
too
small
an
estate
to
educate
them
,
being
purposely
placed
in
a
stand
where
the
King
was
brought
to
shoot
at
a
Deer
,
and
pleasantly
tendred
to
the
King
as
a
Hen
with
her
seven
Chicken
,
gave
his
Princely
charity
and
bounty
the
opportunity
to
take
them
into
his
care
and
service
when
they
came
to
be
fit
for
it
,
and
brought
either
all
or
most
of
them
to
great
preferments
,
when
poor
people
or
their
children
being
lame
or
diseased
with
the
sickness
called
the
Kings
Evil
,
may
be
freed
from
their
otherwise
tedious
journeys
and
charges
in
going
to
London
,
their
abode
there
and
returning
home
,
which
if
a
Tax
were
laid
upon
their
Parishes
to
furnish
,
would
come
to
as
much
if
not
more
then
the
charge
of
Cart
taking
and
Pourveyance
did
cost
them
.
When
our
Pool
of
Bethesda
shall
be
Itinerant
,
and
the
good
Angel
shall
yearly
ride
his
Circuit
to
bring
blessings
and
cures
to
those
that
need
it
,
and
where
a
multitude
of
people
shall
not
be
the
cause
of
uncovering
the
roof
of
any
house
to
let
down
the
sicke
in
their
beds
to
be
healed
.
All
which
with
many
other
comforts
and
benefits
which
the
King
by
his
progress
or
residence
brings
to
all
which
are
or
shall
be
near
it
.
The
City
of
York
in
the
North
parts
of
England
,
and
her
adjacent
and
neighbor
Provinces
would
purchase
at
a
greater
rate
then
the
Pourveyances
or
Compositions
for
them
,
do
or
did
ever
yearly
amount
unto
,
and
being
like
to
be
g●eat
and
glad
gainers
by
it
,
would
be
most
chearfully
willing
and
ready
to
carry
or
remove
his
travailing
goods
or
utensils
from
or
to
any
of
his
Royal
houses
at
his
no
contemptible
or
unreasonable
rates
or
Prices
.
O●
the
City
of
Worcester
,
or
Town
of
Shrowsbury
,
with
their
adjacent
bordering
Shires
would
in
the
prospect
or
certain
gain
of
it
,
be
not
at
all
discontented
or
troubled
at
the
neighbo●hood
of
such
an
enriching
staple
comfort
.
Which
every
man
may
believe
when
as
he
must
be
a
great
stranger
to
England
,
as
well
as
to
common
sense
and
understanding
,
who
cannot
apprehend
how
much
relief
an
old
fashioned
English
Gentlemans
house
(
for
we
must
distinguish
betwixt
rich
hospitable
good
men
,
and
those
who
being
weary
of
Gods
long
continued
mercies
and
patience
,
do
think
they
are
not
Gentlemen
or
well
educated
if
they
do
not
swear
as
fast
as
they
can
God
damne
me
,
and
the
devil
take
me
,
and
make
themselves
,
and
their
wives
and
children
,
their
estate
,
and
all
that
they
have
,
the
prey
and
business
of
Taylors
,
Vintners
,
Cooks
,
Pimps
,
Flatterers
,
and
all
that
may
consume
them
)
is
unto
two
or
three
Cottages
or
poor
peoples
houses
near
unto
it
,
what
small
Villages
and
Towns
,
and
how
mean
,
unfrequented
;
and
poor
Oxford
and
Cambridge
were
before
the
founding
of
those
famous
Universities
,
and
the
Colledges
and
Halls
in
them
?
How
many
Villages
and
some
Borrough
Towns
have
been
founded
and
built
by
the
warmth
and
comfort
of
the
Kings
Palaces
,
as
Woodstock
,
&c.
how
many
have
been
built
or
much
augmented
by
the
neighborhood
of
Abbies
and
Monasteries
,
&c.
as
Evesham
,
Reding
,
Bangor
,
St.
Albans
,
&c.
and
of
Bishops
houses
,
as
Croydon
,
Lambeth
,
&c.
though
many
or
most
of
the
Religious
Houses
in
England
and
Wales
were
at
the
first
designed
&
intended
for
solitude
;
How
many
great
Towns
and
Villages
in
Middlesex
,
Essex
,
and
Kent
have
been
more
then
in
other
Counties
more
remote
,
built
or
much
augmented
and
increased
by
the
Kings
residence
at
London
,
and
the
Port
Towns
and
conveniency
for
Shipping
?
How
many
Farmers
in
Berkshire
and
other
Counties
near
London
,
have
more
then
in
those
farther
distant
converted
their
Barns
into
Gentlemens
Halls
,
or
stately
houses
,
and
began
their
Gentility
with
great
and
plentiful
revenues
to
support
it
?
What
addresses
or
suites
are
often
made
to
Judges
in
their
Circuits
to
transfer
the
keeping
of
the
Assizes
from
some
City
or
Shire
Town
,
to
some
other
Town
in
the
County
to
help
or
do
them
some
good
,
by
the
resort
and
company
which
comes
to
the
Assizes
,
as
to
keep
it
at
Maidstone
and
not
at
Canterbury
in
the
County
of
Kent
;
at
Woolverhampton
,
not
at
Stafford
in
the
County
of
Stafford
,
&c.
or
to
keep
Terms
in
a
time
of
Pestilence
,
and
adjornment
from
London
to
St.
Albans
,
Hertford
or
Reding
?
&
how
like
an
Antwerp
or
the
Skeleton
,
or
ruins
of
a
forsaken
City
,
the
Suburbs
of
London
,
now
the
greatest
and
beautifullest
part
of
it
would
be
if
the
residence
of
the
King
and
his
Courts
of
Justice
should
be
removed
from
thence
or
discontinued
?
How
many
thousand
families
would
be
undone
and
ruined
?
and
how
those
stately
buildings
would
for
want
of
that
daily
comfort
which
they
received
by
it
,
moulder
and
sink
down
inter
rudera
,
under
its
daily
●uines
,
and
give
leave
to
the
earth
and
grass
to
cover
and
surmount
them
,
and
turn
the
new
Troy
,
if
that
were
not
a
fable
,
into
that
of
the
old
.
Which
the
Citizens
of
London
very
well
understood
,
when
in
the
raign
of
King
Richard
the
second
,
and
the
infancy
of
those
blessings
and
riches
which
since
have
hapned
to
that
City
by
the
Kings
of
England
,
making
it
to
be
their
darling
or
Royal
Chamber
,
that
King
was
so
much
displeased
with
them
,
as
besides
a
fine
of
ten
thousand
pounds
imposed
upon
them
for
some
misdemeanors
,
their
liberties
seised
,
their
Maior
committed
prisoner
to
the
Castle
of
Windsor
,
and
diverse
Aldermen
and
substantial
Citizens
arrested
;
he
removed
his
Court
from
London
,
where
not
long
before
at
a
solemn
Justes
or
Tourney
,
he
had
kept
open
house
for
all
comers
,
they
most
humbly
and
submissively
pacified
●im
,
and
procured
his
return
to
so
great
a
joy
of
the
Citizens
,
as
they
received
him
with
four
hundred
of
their
Citizens
on
horseback
clad
all
in
one
Live●y
,
and
p●esented
the
King
and
Queen
with
many
rich
gifts
.
All
which
and
more
which
may
happen
by
the
Kings
want
of
his
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
,
and
keeping
him
and
his
Officers
and
Servants
in
want
of
money
,
or
streightning
him
or
them
in
their
necessaries
and
daily
provisions
may
perswade
every
man
to
subscribe
to
these
Axioms
,
that
the
more
which
the
King
hath
the
more
the
people
have
.
That
whosoever
cozens
and
deceives
the
King
,
cozens
and
deceives
the
people
,
that
the
wants
and
necessities
of
the
King
and
common
parent
which
is
to
be
supplyed
by
the
people
,
are
and
will
become
their
own
wants
and
necessities
.
That
it
cannot
be
for
the
good
or
honor
of
the
Nation
,
that
the
King
,
who
is
not
onely
Anima
,
Cor
,
Caput
,
&
Radix
Reipublicae
,
the
Soul
,
heart
,
head
,
and
foundation
of
the
Commonwealth
,
but
the
defender
and
preserver
of
it
,
should
either
want
or
languish
in
his
honor
and
estate
,
when
as
unusquisque
subditorum
saith
Valdesius
Regi
ut
Capiti
,
cordique
suo
oppitulari
debeat
precipue
ad
dignitatem
Regiam
Regnique
auhoritatem
publicam
tuendam
cum
ut
membrum
particeps
fit
gloriae
qua
Caput
fruitur
,
That
it
cannot
be
for
the
good
or
happiness
of
subjects
to
necessitate
the
power
of
their
Prince
,
or
enforce
him
to
try
how
far
it
can
extend
or
prevail
to
free
himself
from
wants
or
pressures
incumbent
upon
him
▪
when
as
common
observation
can
tell
us
that
small
Brooks
or
Rivolets
being
stopt
or
obstructed
in
their
creeping
Maeanders
,
or
way
unto
the
greater
Rivers
who
are
to
conduct
and
lead
them
into
the
great
assembly
or
collection
of
waters
,
will
go
out
of
their
former
gentleness
,
and
either
inforce
a
passage
by
inundations
or
break
their
way
through
all
the
Barricadoes
which
can
be
made
to
restrain
them
,
and
that
the
more
they
are
endeavored
to
be
restrained
,
the
more
they
do
rage
,
and
easily
overcame
and
bear
down
before
them
all
that
can
come
in
the
way
of
their
combined
fury
stirred
up
and
heightned
by
the
necessities
which
were
put
upon
them
.
That
a
want
of
Revenue
in
a
King
to
discharge
common
and
ordinary
necessaries
,
makes
necessitatem
invincibilem
&
violentam
,
which
saith
Aristotle
,
●od●n
lib.
4.
&
5.
de
repub
.
Aristot.
Politic.
proposito
&
electioni
prohibet
&
obstat
,
such
an
irresistable
and
violent
necessity
as
it
enforceth
that
which
was
never
intended
,
nor
would
otherwise
have
been
done
(
which
the
Wisdom
&
Spirit
of
God
in
the
vision
which
he
shewed
unto
the
Prophet
Ezekiel
,
of
the
building
&
order
of
the
Holy
City
,
And
may
sadly
remember
that
the
people
of
England
denying
the
late
blessed
King
and
Martyr
his
Customes
of
Tonnage
and
Poundage
,
did
not
onely
put
him
and
the
cause
of
his
Protestant
Allies
and
friends
into
many
disadvantages
for
want
of
those
aides
which
he
would
otherwise
have
been
enabled
to
give
them
,
and
enforced
him
to
fall
short
of
his
desires
and
intentions
therein
,
but
to
give
way
to
many
of
his
craving
Scots
and
wanting
servants
to
take
in
the
assistance
of
his
Royal
Prerogative
,
and
stretch
it
further
then
ever
he
intended
.
That
notwithstanding
all
the
care
which
he
could
take
that
such
grants
and
letters
Patents
should
not
transgress
or
go
beyond
the
bounds
of
the
Law
and
the
right
reason
and
use
of
it
,
and
did
upon
the
granting
of
many
of
those
Patents
,
cause
the
Patentees
to
become
bound
in
Recognizances
of
great
penalties
to
surrender
up
their
grants
and
letters
Patents
,
if
at
any
time
he
or
his
Councel
should
equi●e
it
.
And
had
of
his
own
accord
in
the
year
1639.
and
1640.
by
his
Proclamation
called
in
above
thirty
of
such
Patents
and
Commissions
as
either
had
been
or
were
likely
to
be
grievances
unto
the
people
,
and
in
the
beginning
of
that
long
and
unhappy
Parliament
had
graciously
condescended
to
th
annulling
or
abolition
of
all
that
did
but
resemble
grievances
,
or
were
but
likely
to
produce
them
.
And
that
those
Letters
Patents
,
Commissions
and
Grants
which
were
called
Projects
and
Innovations
were
invented
and
promoted
by
many
Citizens
Tradesmen
,
Gentlemen
&
others
,
who
being
none
of
the
Kings
servants
,
did
court
and
wo
the
Kings
Prerogative
unto
it
,
and
busily
employed
some
of
the
Kings
servants
to
go
shares
with
them
in
the
gain
or
profit
thereof
,
none
or
very
little
,
whatsoever
was
pretended
;
coming
to
the
King
or
his
Treasury
,
&
began
with
the
necessities
which
a
causeless
discontented
part
of
the
people
,
did
most
unadvisedly
and
undutifully
put
upon
their
King
,
whom
they
would
not
suffer
to
be
at
any
rest
,
untill
he
had
ingaged
himself
and
his
Allies
in
a
war
with
Spain
,
and
the
then
greatly
prevailing
house
of
Austria
,
for
the
recovery
of
the
Palatinate
,
and
to
make
a
breach
with
France
for
the
relief
of
Rochel
and
the
Hugonots
,
and
left
him
afterwards
in
the
midst
of
the
troubles
,
expence
and
danger
thereof
,
without
any
aid
or
assistance
to
go
through
as
well
as
he
could
with
it
.
And
may
now
understand
how
much
better
it
had
been
to
have
acquiesced
in
the
many
precedents
and
authorities
of
the
Kings
just
and
legal
power
of
sending
his
writs
to
the
Cinque
ports
,
and
many
maritime
Towns
&
Counties
,
many
if
not
all
of
whom
were
by
Tenure
or
Custom
in
lieu
of
many
liberties
&
priviledges
granted
unto
them
by
the
Kings
Royal
Progenitors
,
which
they
do
yet
enjoy
to
send
or
furnish
out
a
certain
number
of
Ships
as
their
own
charges
,
when
the
King
should
have
any
publick
occasion
or
necessity
,
&
to
have
continued
the
Kings
most
just
&
ancient
rights
and
regalities
in
his
Tenures
in
Capite
and
by
Knight
Service
,
which
by
Land
together
with
a
fixed
&
certain
aid
of
Shipping
,
contributed
by
the
Cinque
Ports
and
Maritime
Towns
and
Counties
,
would
together
with
his
Commissions
of
Array
,
have
enabled
him
upon
a
short
warning
never
to
have
wanted
most
puissant
and
gallant
Armies
and
Forces
both
by
Land
and
by
Sea
,
consisting
not
of
hirelings
and
strangers
,
but
such
as
would
have
fought
pro
Aris
&
Focis
,
for
their
own
as
well
as
their
Princes
interest
,
and
would
not
easily
turn
their
backs
,
betray
or
fly
from
their
Wives
and
Children
and
their
own
Estates
,
then
to
put
the
King
for
want
of
them
to
a
yearly
charge
,
of
no
less
than
eight
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
annum
by
Sea
and
by
Land
for
the
peace
,
security
,
&
honour
of
the
Nation
,
which
did
not
before
cost
the
late
King
fourscore
thousand
pounds
per
Annum
.
Or
to
be
charged
with
an
everlasting
Excise
as
to
the
moiety
of
the
Excise
of
Ale
,
Beer
,
Sider
,
Perry
,
&c.
which
did
no●
the
last
year
amount
unto
more
than
one
hundred
&
five
thousand
pounds
per
annum
in
recompence
of
the
yearly
profits
of
the
Kings
Tenures
in
Capite
and
by
Knight
Service
,
and
what
he
looseth
by
his
want
of
Pourveyance
and
Compositions
for
them
,
both
which
did
yearly
amount
unto
a
far
greater
benefit
,
what
an
ill
bargain
both
the
King
and
the
people
have
by
the
laying
by
of
the
one
,
and
granting
the
other
;
how
small
an
advantage
the
people
got
by
their
heretofore
invisible
Keepers
of
their
Liberties
,
who
did
all
they
could
to
keep
them
from
them
,
or
by
Oliver
,
their
quondam
Protector
,
and
whether
the
turning
of
their
freedom
into
a
slavery
,
and
the
intreating
of
him
by
that
which
by
a
dreamed
authority
of
Parliament
,
they
called
the
Petition
and
advice
to
accept
o●
ten
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
Annum
,
to
be
charged
upon
the
people
without
a
Land
Tax
for
the
maintenance
of
a
Navy
ten
thousand
horse
and
Dragoons
,
and
twenty
thousand
Foot
,
(
to
keep
them
and
their
posterities
in
sin
and
slavery
)
with
such
other
supplies
as
should
be
needful
to
be
raised
from
time
to
time
,
and
three
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
Annum
in
like
manner
to
be
raised
for
the
support
of
his
Arbitrary
and
Tyrannical
Government
,
were
less
trouble
and
charge
than
the
Kings
Tenures
in
Capite
and
by
Knight
Service
,
and
his
Compositions
for
Pourveyance
,
the
greatest
yearly
profit
by
the
Tenures
,
in
what
was
paid
to
the
King
,
not
amounting
unto
above
one
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
Annum
,
and
the
Pourveyance
which
saved
the
King
in
his
Houshold
expences
above
one
hundred
and
forty
thousand
pounds
per
Annum
,
not
charging
the
people
in
these
late
times
of
enhaunce
of
prices
above
Sixty
five
thou-pounds
per
annum
.
Who
when
they
shall
have
paid
double
or
treble
more
then
the
Excise
is
rated
at
by
colour
of
the
Excise
which
was
by
Act
of
Parliament
given
to
the
King
and
his
Heirs
and
Successors
,
in
supplement
of
his
exhausted
and
overwasted
Revenue
,
and
racked
and
oppressed
one
another
by
occasion
or
pretence
of
the
charge
of
it
,
cunning
and
avari●e
of
the
selling
and
richer
part
of
the
people
,
Merchants
,
Retailers
,
and
Mechanicks
of
the
Nation
,
every
one
striving
to
put
the
damage
from
themselves
,
and
shift
as
much
as
they
can
the
burden
upon
others
,
will
by
a
lamentable
summa
totalis
find
how
little
they
have
gained
by
putting
their
Prince
into
necessities
,
and
how
small
a
gain
or
blessing
they
will
leave
to
their
posterities
▪
When
by
begging
,
getting
and
keeping
all
they
can
from
the
King
and
cozening
him
all
that
they
can
;
the
common
people
unless
they
will
have
their
body
Politick
to
be
without
a
head
,
and
as
they
were
in
the
Time
of
Usurpation
when
there
was
no
King
in
Israel
,
busied
like
the
Beasts
of
the
Forrests
,
and
Fishes
in
the
Sea
in
devouring
and
oppressing
one
another
in
a
Chaos
of
villany
and
confusion
,
cannot
subsist
or
maintain
themselves
in
peace
and
plenty
without
enabling
the
King
to
support
himself
to
protect
an●
defend
them
.
And
may
without
any
violence
used
to
their
judgments
believe
that
it
was
better
with
the
common
people
of
England
when
they
paid
for
thei●
Farms
,
some
rent
in
mony
,
&
some
in
provisions
of
house-keeping
,
when
by
the
hospitality
of
their
Landlords
,
they
were
sure
to
partake
of
them
,
their
Lands
and
Rents
being
not
tortured
or
drawn
up
to
the
highest
pin
or
screw
of
the
Rack
or
any
possible
improvement
which
might
be
made
of
it
.
And
the
plowing
of
some
part
of
their
Lords
Demeasnes
,
reaping
or
carrying
in
of
their
Corn
,
and
helping
them
to
fetch
home
some
Wood
or
Coals
,
did
not
amongst
a
many
of
Tenants
according
to
their
proportioned
services
for
which
they
reckoned
the
love
,
protection
,
and
hospitality
of
their
Landlords
,
to
be
satisfaction
enough
amount
unto
the
Twentieth
or
Thirtieth
part
of
the
rack
Rent
which
now
they
do
pay
and
have
not
so
much
as
a
Cup
of
Beer
or
a
morsel
of
Bread
given
them
when
they
come
to
pay
it
.
Which
the
people
of
Scotland
may
to
their
cost
experiment
,
if
they
should
as
the
rustick
part
of
the
people
of
England
have
done
,
never
think
themselves
happy
untill
they
have
shaken
off
the
services
and
obligations
to
their
Lords
and
Benefactors
,
and
in
stead
of
paying
some
Chald●rs
of
Victuals
Mailes
and
other
more
easie
duties
,
have
their
Lands
let
by
their
Landlords
to
the
utmost
penny
and
bidding
;
and
like
the
Israelites
in
their
Egyptian
bondage
make
Brick
and
gather
the
Straw
and
pay
a
Rent
as
much
as
the
Land
or
Farm
can
possibly
yeild
or
it
may
be
a
great
deal
more
.
And
may
perswade
the
people
that
there
is
a
grand
necessity
attended
with
many
other
great
necessities
that
the
King
should
have
again
his
just
and
harmless
rights
and
prerogative
of
prae-emption
,
Pourveyance
and
Compositions
,
and
as
great
a
necessity
for
the
people
if
they
will
avoid
those
heaps
of
evils
and
inconveniences
which
may
otherwise
happen
upon
them
and
their
posterities
to
desire
that
he
should
have
it
.
When
the
oppression
of
the
Markets
,
and
the
peoples
working
upon
one
anothers
necessity
,
the
most
part
of
them
walking
by
no
rule
of
piety
,
virtue
,
morality
,
humanity
,
charity
,
or
conscience
,
but
labouring
all
they
can
in
their
actions
to
advance
the
kingdom
of
Sin
and
Satan
,
and
their
own
everlasting
punishments
,
shall
by
their
wicked
and
illegal
enhauncings
,
ingrossings
,
combinations
,
and
contrivances
,
make
the
prizes
of
every
thing
to
be
so
immense
and
unreasonable
,
as
the
vicious
and
Rooking
part
of
the
people
will
,
if
such
rates
and
prices
shall
hold
on
,
continue
,
and
grow
higher
and
higher
,
as
they
are
like
to
do
without
some
Bando
or
reiglement
,
and
a
greater
care
taken
by
the
Justices
of
Peace
,
and
Clerks
of
the
Market
,
then
hitherto
they
have
been
pleased
to
bestow
in
the
execution
of
their
places
and
duties
undoe
and
begger
the
virtuous
,
or
such
as
shall
be
inforced
to
buy
at
such
unreasonable
rates
their
provisions
of
food
and
livelyhood
,
&
make
,
as
a
Jew
lately
well
observed
▪
none
but
the
richer
part
able
to
live
with
any
plenty
or
content
,
u●terly
ruine
the
middle
ranks
of
the
people
,
and
enslave
and
begger
the
poorer
,
who
must
like
the
Gibionites
be
well
contented
to
be
hewers
of
Wood
,
&
drawers
of
Water
,
that
they
may
live
,
and
eat
bread
.
And
that
all
that
the
King
and
his
Council
can
do
by
putting
in
practice
the
antient
usage
of
a
Jury
impannelled
by
the
Clerk
of
the
Market
within
the
Virge
of
the
Court
,
and
commanding
them
upon
their
Oaths
to
set
a
marketable
and
reasonable
rate
according
to
the
usual
prices
of
Victuals
and
household
provisions
in
Markets
and
elsewhere
,
which
all
men
were
enjoyned
by
His
Majesties
Proclamation
strictly
to
observe
,
cannot
now
that
the
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
it
are
laid
aside
,
keep
their
rates
and
prices
within
the
bounds
and
limits
of
any
reason
,
but
the
people
are
so
insatiable
in
their
gains
,
and
so
cuning
to
promote
their
unjust
designs
therein
,
as
they
do
not
only
not
keep
the
Kings
rates
,
but
to
enlarge
their
profit
and
prices
do
all
they
can
to
bribe
and
go
a
share
with
some
of
his
Pourveyers
.
When
it
is
very
evident
and
demonstrable
,
and
our
own
happiness
might
tell
us
,
if
we
did
not
too
much
mistake
and
abuse
it
,
and
make
our
sins
to
be
the
product
of
it
,
that
now
,
that
in
England
,
by
laying
down
of
Tillage
more
than
it
should
,
there
is
more
Pasture
&
Land
to
feed
or
fatten
Cattel
ten
or
twenty
to
one
then
ever
it
had
before
,
and
that
this
our
fruitful
Isle
hath
both
for
Tillage
and
Pasturage
,
agros
luxuriantes
,
rich
and
fertil
Lands
,
watered
and
enriched
with
many
Rivers
,
her
Mountains
and
Downs
covered
and
replenished
with
Sheep
,
and
far
more
then
they
were
before
the
Raign
of
King
Edward
the
third
,
abounds
with
Corn
,
Butter
,
Cheese
,
and
all
manner
of
Commodities
for
the
u●e
and
livelyhood
of
mankind
and
by
a
greater
improvement
of
all
the
Lands
of
the
Kin●dom
within
this
last
Century
or
hundred
yeares
,
then
was
in
three
or
four
hundred
yeares
before
,
and
by
watering
,
marling
,
and
burning
the
more
barren
parts
of
it
,
is
gone
far
beyond
the
time
and
expectation
of
our
Fathers
and
Progenitors
,
either
Brittaines
,
Saxons
or
Normans
;
and
is
in
the
yearly
value
of
Land
increased
in
many
parts
or
particulars
thereof
twenty
,
thirty
,
or
fourty
to
one
more
then
it
was
,
insomuch
as
we
may
to
our
comfort
say
and
believe
that
Forraign
Writers
were
well
acquainted
with
our
happiness
when
they
called
England
the
Court
of
Ceres
,
and
(
as
Charles
the
great
▪
or
Charlemaigne
of
France
our
neighbor
was
wont
to
term
it
)
the
Granary
of
the
Western
world
,
Speed
Hist.
of
Great
Brittaine
in
P●coemio
a
Paradice
of
Pleasure
and
Garden
of
God
,
and
was
many
ages
before
in
the
Brittish
times
so
fruitful
in
all
kinde
of
Corn
and
Grain
,
as
the
Romanes
were
wont
yearly
to
transport
from
hence
with
a
Fleet
of
eight
hundred
vessels
,
then
but
something
bigger
then
Barges
,
great
store
of
Corn
for
the
maintenance
of
their
Armies
;
and
our
Brittains
could
before
those
large
improvements
of
Lands
and
Husbandry
which
have
been
since
made
in
it
,
declare
unto
the
Saxons
when
they
unhappily
called
them
in
to
their
aid
,
and
took
them
to
be
their
friends
,
that
it
was
a
Land
plentiful
and
abounding
in
all
things
.
Pope
Innocent
the
fourth
in
the
Raign
of
our
King
Henry
the
third
,
called
it
Hortus
deliciarum
,
Mat.
Paris
in
Anno
1246.
a
Garden
of
delights
ubi
multa
abundant
,
where
all
things
are
plentiful
.
And
in
the
Raign
of
King
Edward
the
third
where
there
was
small
or
very
little
enriching
or
bettering
of
Lands
compared
with
what
it
is
now
,
the
English
Leigier
Embassadors
at
Rome
hea●ing
that
Pope
Clement
the
sixth
had
made
a
grant
,
as
he
then
took
upon
him
,
to
the
King
of
Spaine
of
the
Fortunate
Islands
(
now
called
the
Canaries
)
did
so
believe
that
to
be
England
which
was
then
granted
by
the
name
of
the
Fortunate
Islands
,
as
they
made
what
haste
they
could
home
to
inform
the
King
of
that
which
they
believed
to
be
a
danger
.
And
may
now
more
then
ever
well
deserve
those
Encomiums
or
commendations
which
our
industrious
Speed
hath
given
it
▪
that
her
Vallies
are
like
Eden
,
her
Hills
as
Lebanon
,
her
Springs
as
Pisgah
,
her
Rivers
as
Jordan
,
and
hath
for
her
Walls
the
Ocean
,
which
hath
Fish
more
then
enough
to
feed
her
people
,
if
they
wanted
Flesh
and
had
not
as
they
have
such
innumerable
Herds
of
Cattle
,
&
flocks
of
Sheep
,
such
plenty
of
Foul
,
Fruit
,
Poultery
,
and
all
other
provisions
on
the
Land
for
the
sustenance
&
life
of
man
,
to
furnish
the
delicacy
of
the
richer
part
of
the
people
,
and
the
necessities
of
the
poorer
,
if
they
would
but
lay
aside
their
too
much
accustomed
Lazines
and
carelesseness
,
with
which
the
plenty
of
England
hath
infected
her
people
,
and
not
suffer
the
Dutch
to
enrich
themselves
and
make
a
great
part
of
their
vast
Commerce
and
Trade
,
by
the
Fish
which
they
catch
and
take
in
our
Brittish
Seas
,
multiplying
the
stocks
of
their
children
and
Orphants
,
whilst
too
many
of
ours
for
want
of
their
parents
industry
,
have
none
at
all
or
being
ready
to
starve
or
dye
,
do
begg
up
and
down
the
streets
,
when
the
waters
have
made
her
great
,
the
Deep
hath
set
her
on
high
with
her
Rivers
running
round
about
her
plants
,
and
sent
out
her
little
Rivers
unto
all
the
Trees
of
the
field
,
when
she
is
become
the
Merchant
for
many
Isles
,
hath
covered
the
Seas
with
her
ships
,
which
go
and
return
a
great
deal
sooner
then
Solomons
Ships
to
or
from
Ophyr
,
searcheth
the
Indies
and
the
remotest
parts
of
the
earth
,
to
enrich
her
borders
and
adds
unto
her
extraordinary
plenty
,
the
Spices
,
Sugar
,
Oyl
,
Wine
,
and
whatsoever
foreign
Countries
can
produce
to
adorn
our
Tables
,
which
former
Ages
wanted
,
or
had
not
in
so
great
an
abundance
.
And
that
her
people
are
now
(
if
so
much
)
no
more
numerous
than
formerly
,
by
her
emptying
of
multitudes
of
her
Natives
into
Ireland
,
since
the
Raign
of
King
Henry
the
Second
,
many
of
whose
Inhabitants
have
been
English
,
transplanted
,
&
gone
thither
,
by
our
many
great
Plantations
,
since
the
middle
of
the
Raign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
sent
into
America
,
as
Virginia
,
Bermudas
,
New-England
,
Barbadoes
,
St.
Christophers
,
Mary-Land
,
Charibe
Isles
,
Me●is
,
&c.
By
our
many
Voyages
at
Sea
,
and
to
the
Indies
more
than
formerly
;
our
Fishing
in
Newfound
Land
,
which
we
had
not
in
former
dayes
,
our
Nursery
of
War
,
and
Regiments
of
English
in
Holland
,
and
the
United
Provinces
,
and
our
greate●
than
formerly
Luxury
,
use
of
Physick
,
and
shortning
the
lives
of
the
richer
part
of
the
people
by
it
.
When
the
Provisions
for
the
Kings
Houshold
,
or
the
Compositions
for
them
,
in
so
great
a
plenty
as
England
,
is
now
more
than
formerly
blessed
with
,
notwithstanding
that
we
do
keep
fewer
Vigils
,
&
Fasting
Eves
than
heretofore
,
and
do
,
as
it
hath
been
an
usage
&
custom
of
this
Nation
,
eat
more
flesh
in
every
one
month
of
every
year
,
the
time
of
Lent
excepted
,
(
which
since
the
Reformation
of
our
Religion
,
&
the
return
of
it
from
the
now
Church
of
Rome
,
to
that
which
is
more
Orthodox
,
is
very
little
at
all
,
or
not
so
well
observed
as
our
Laws
intend
,
and
it
ought
to
be
)
than
all
France
,
Spain
,
&
the
Netherlands
do
in
every
year
;
would
if
the
Universal
Pride
&
Luxury
of
the
people
,
and
their
Racking
and
Cheating
one
another
to
maintain
it
,
did
not
hinder
it
,
be
as
cheap
,
or
cheaper
afforded
than
it
was
heretofore
.
For
that
our
Ancestors
well
approved
,
and
much
applauded
customs
of
Hospitality
,
are
almost
every
where
turned
out
of
doors
,
and
an
evil
custom
of
eating
no
Suppers
(
which
a
Tax
,
for
a
little
time
,
of
as
much
as
was
saved
by
one
meal
in
every
week
,
introduced
,
and
brought
into
fashion
,
to
maintain
the
Grand
Rebellion
)
hath
helped
the
Back
to
cozen
the
Belly
,
and
the
Back
,
with
its
Brigade
of
Taylors
,
and
all
other
the
abused
and
retaining
Trades
to
Lucifer
,
hath
cheated
,
and
rooted
out
Love
,
Charity
,
and
good
House-keeping
,
and
retrenched
much
of
the
Provisions
,
which
were
wont
to
be
better
employed
.
That
the
Lands
of
most
part
of
the
Monasteries
,
and
Religious
Houses
in
England
and
Wales
,
and
their
yearly
Revenues
,
which
,
at
the
old
easie
rates
,
were
in
,
or
about
the
Raign
of
King
Henry
the
Fourth
,
computed
to
be
sufficient
,
and
enough
to
maintain
fifteen
Earls
,
which
after
the
rate
of
Earls
in
those
dayes
,
and
their
great
Revenues
,
could
not
be
a
little
,
fifteen
hundred
Knights
,
six
thousand
two
hundred
Gentlemen
,
and
an
hundred
Hospitals
,
besides
●wenty
thousand
pounds
per
Annum
to
be
given
to
the
King
,
many
,
if
not
all
of
which
,
were
by
Priviledges
,
or
otherwise
exempted
from
Pourveyance
,
and
being
at
a
low
,
and
great
undervalue
,
in
the
latter
end
of
the
Raign
of
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
now
above
one
hundred
years
since
,
of
the
yearly
value
of
one
hundred
eighty
six
thousand
five
hundred
twelve
pounds
eight
shillings
peny
farthing
,
A
great
part
of
the
Lands
belonging
to
Monasteries
or
Religious
houses
by
custome
or
exemption
become
Tythe
free
.
The
greatest
part
of
3845.
Appropriations
or
Impropriations
which
had
been
formerly
designed
and
given
ad
mensam
,
unto
several
Monasteries
and
Religious
houses
,
for
the
better
support
and
maintenance
of
their
hospitality
,
and
which
before
contributed
nothing
to
the
Kings
Pourveyance
now
made
to
be
a
Temporal
and
Lay
inheritance
.
Many
Forrests
and
Chaces
,
and
a
great
part
of
other
Forrests
and
Chases
Deafforrested
,
much
Assart
lands
,
and
many
Parks
converted
to
Tillage
or
Pasture
.
No
Escuage
paid
since
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
sixth
,
nor
Aid
leavyed
to
make
the
Kings
eldest
son
a
Knight
,
or
to
marry
his
eldest
daughter
,
for
above
fifty
years
,
during
the
Reign
of
King
Edward
the
sixth
,
Queen
Mary
and
Queen
Elizabeth
,
and
very
many
Copy-hold
estates
(
which
usually
paid
nothing
at
all
to
the
provisions
for
the
Kings
houshold
)
converted
into
Freeholds
.
Many
Fenns
and
Imbancked
Marshes
,
consisting
of
some
hundred
thousand
Acres
Drained
or
recovered
from
the
Sea
.
An
Espargne
or
saving
more
then
formerly
,
of
much
money
,
very
far
surmounting
the
yearly
charge
,
damage
,
or
losses
by
the
Kings
Pou●veyances
in
the
purchase
or
procuring
the
Popes
Bulls
(
which
as
was
affirmed
in
the
Parliament
of
25
H.
8.
had
betwixt
that
time
and
the
fourth
year
of
the
Reign
of
King
H.
7.
cost
the
people
of
this
Kingdome
threescore
thousand
pounds
Ste●ling
)
by
being
no
more
troubled
with
provisions
to
Benefices
,
S●owes
An●a●
.
many
chargeable
Oblations
to
the
Church
,
and
mony
spent
in
Lamps
or
Ta●ers
,
Pourveyance
or
provisions
for
the
Popes
Legates
,
Shrines
,
Copes
,
Altarages
,
extraordinary
Masses
,
Dirges
,
Trentals
,
relaxations
,
faculties
,
grants
,
aboltions
,
Pensions
,
Censes
,
Procurations
,
rescripts
,
appeals
,
and
long
and
chargeable
journyes
to
Rome
,
where
as
well
as
in
England
,
(
as
their
own
Monkes
and
W●iters
affirm
)
the
Pope
did
,
Angariis
&
Injuriis
miseros
exagitare
,
poll
and
pill
the
wretched
English
,
made
Walter
Gray
a
Bishop
of
England
in
the
Reign
of
King
H.
3.
pay
one
thousand
pounds
for
his
Pall
▪
and
at
the
breaking
up
of
every
general
Council
,
extorted
of
every
Prelate
a
great
sum
of
money
before
he
would
give
them
leave
to
depart
,
chid
William
Abbot
of
St.
Albans
for
coming
to
take
leave
of
him
without
any
present
,
〈…〉
Alba●
M.
S.
and
when
he
offered
him
fifty
marks
,
checked
and
inforced
him
before
he
went
out
of
his
Chamber
to
pay
one
hundred
Marks
,
the
fashion
being
then
for
every
man
to
pay
dear
for
his
Benedictions
,
lay
down
his
money
ready
told
before
his
Holiness
feet
,
Ma●
▪
Paris
〈…〉
.
and
if
present
Cash
was
wanting
,
the
Popes
Merchants
and
Usurers
were
at
hand
,
but
upon
very
hard
conditions
to
supply
it
.
And
so
great
were
his
Emunctiones
,
as
Mathew
Paris
calls
them
exactions
and
impositions
in
England
,
as
a
bloody
Wolf
tearing
the
Innocent
sheep
,
by
sometimes
exacting
a
third
part
of
the
Clergies
goods
,
and
at
other
times
a
twentieth
by
aides
towards
the
defraying
of
his
own
wars
and
other
pretences
,
sometimes
exacting
the
one
half
of
an
yearly
revenew
of
their
Benefices
,
and
enjoyning
them
under
the
penalty
of
their
then
dreadful
Excommunications
not
to
complain
of
it
or
publish
it
,
Mat.
Pari●
7●6
,
717.
sending
his
Legats
or
Predicatores
to
wring
and
preach
money
out
of
the
peoples
purses
pro
negotio
Crucis
,
under
colo●r
of
making
a
war
to
regain
Jerusalem
and
the
Holy
Land
,
out
of
the
hands
of
the
Saracens
,
and
by
such
a
multitude
of
other
contrivances
and
extorsions
as
all
the
Abbotts
of
England
,
vul●u
Flebili
&
capite
d●●nisso
were
with
great
sorrow
and
lamentation
enforced
to
complain
to
the
King
of
the
impossibility
of
satisfying
the
Pope
,
eos
incessanter
torquen●i
,
Ma●
.
Paris
514
incessantly
grinding
&
tormenting
them
,
&
of
his
avarice
,
and
exactions
toto
●undo
detestabiles
to
be
abhorred
of
all
the
world
.
By
Dispensations
,
pardons
,
lice●ces
,
Indulgencies
,
vows
,
pilgrimages
;
Writs
cal●ed
perinde
valere
,
breeves
,
and
other
instruments
of
s●●dry
natures
,
names
,
and
kinds
,
in
great
〈◊〉
which
in
the
Act
of
Parliament
of
●5
H.
8.
〈…〉
the
exonerating
of
the
Kings
subjects
from
〈…〉
and
impositions
paid
to
the
See
of
Rome
,
〈…〉
said
to
have
greatly
decayed
and
impoverished
〈◊〉
●●t●llerable
exactions
,
of
great
sums
of
money
,
the
subjects
of
the
Realm
.
A
freedom
from
the
chargeable
giving
of
great
qu●ntities
of
Lands
for
Chantries
,
and
the
weani●g
of
that
Clergy
by
the
reformation
of
the
Church
o●
England
,
from
their
over-sucking
or
making
sore
the
Breasts
or
Nipples
of
the
common
people
,
which
the
murmuring
men
of
these
times
,
would
if
they
had
as
their
forefathers
tried
it
more
then
seven
times
,
and
over
and
over
be
of
the
opinion
of
Piers
the
Plowman
in
Chaucer
(
who
being
of
the
Romish
Church
,
wrote
in
the
unfortunate
Reign
of
King
Richard
the
second
,
when
the
Hydra
of
our
late
Rebellious
devices
spawned
by
the
not
long
before
ill
grounded
Doctrines
,
and
treasonable
positions
of
the
two
Spencers
,
father
and
son
began
to
Craule
)
complaining
,
That
the
Friars
followed
folke
that
were
rich
,
And
folk
that
were
poor
,
at
little
price
they
set
;
And
no
Cors
in
the
Kyrkeyard
,
nor
Kyrke
was
buried
,
But
quick
he
bequeth
them
ought
or
quit
part
of
his
det
.
Adviseth
his
friend
,
Go
confesse
to
some
Frier
and
shew
him
thy
synnes
,
For
while
Fortune
is
thy
frend
Friers
will
thee
love
,
And
fetch
the
to
their
Fraternity
,
and
for
thee
beseech
.
To
their
Prior
Provinciall
a
pardon
to
have
,
And
pray
for
the
pole
by
pole
if
thou
be
pecun●osus
.
Brings
in
a
Frier
perswading
a
sick
Farmer
to
make
his
confession
to
him
rather
then
to
his
Parish
Priest
,
and
requesting
him
as
he
lay
upon
his
death-bed
to
bestow
a
Legacy
upon
his
Covent
.
Give
me
then
of
thy
Gold
to
make
our
Cloister
,
Quoth
he
for
many
a
Muskle
and
many
an
Ouster
,
When
other
men
have
been
full
well
at
ease
,
Hath
been
our
food
,
our
Cloister
for
to
rease
;
And
yet
God
wot
unneath
the
foundement
,
Performed
is
ne
of
our
pavement
,
Is
not
a
Tile
yet
within
our
wones
.
By
God
we
owen
fourty
pound
for
stones
.
And
in
his
Prologue
to
his
Canterbury
Tales
thus
Characters
such
a
Frier
,
Full
sweetly
heard
he
confession
.
And
pleasant
was
his
absolution
;
He
was
an
easie
man
to
give
pennance
,
There
as
he
wist
to
have
a
good
pitance
.
The
di●use
of
the
old
and
never
grudged
course
of
Sponte
Oblata's
gifts
or
presents
to
the
King
,
and
the
Aurum
Reginae
,
Gold
or
presents
made
and
given
to
the
Queen
in
return
of
their
Gifts
and
favors
received
from
the
King
.
Great
liberties
and
priviledges
,
by
grants
of
free
Warren
,
Mines
,
Felons
and
Outlaws
goods
,
Deodands
,
Waiss
,
Estraies
,
Fishings
,
Court
Leets
,
Tolls
,
and
freedom
from
Tolls
to
many
Cities
and
people
of
England
,
granted
since
the
ninth
year
of
the
raign
of
King
Henry
the
third
,
when
for
the
like
and
some
other
liberties
then
confirmed
unto
them
,
the
people
of
England
not
having
half
so
much
before
that
time
granted
unto
them
as
by
the
bounty
and
Indulgences
of
the
succeeding
Kings
and
Princes
,
they
have
had
since
,
took
it
to
be
no
ill
bargain
to
give
unto
the
King
,
for
that
his
grace
and
favour
a
Subsidy
of
the
Fifteenth
part
of
all
their
moveables
,
not
loosely
rated
or
much
undervalued
as
their
posterities
have
found
the
way
to
do
▪
Abundance
of
Wood
and
Tymber
sold
and
destroyed
by
their
prodigal
posterities
which
yeelded
them
as
much
money
as
the
inheritance
of
the
Lands
would
have
done
,
some
of
their
wives
,
like
the
story
of
Garagantuas
lusty
Mare
whisking
down
with
their
Tailes
whole
Woods
and
great
store
of
Timber
in
them
of
two
or
three
hundred
years
growth
.
A
lesser
number
of
servants
and
retainers
,
and
charge
of
Badges
and
Liveries
,
especially
since
the
Statutes
of
1
R.
2.
ca.
7.
and
8
E.
4.
ca.
2.
made
against
too
great
a
number
or
the
abuse
of
them
,
when
as
now
many
Gentlemen
can
put
a
Coachman
&
Carter
into
one
,
and
supply
the
places
of
a
Servingman
,
Butler
,
and
Taylor
,
by
one
man
fitted
for
all
those
imployments
.
A
great
increase
of
Wool
and
the
price
thereof
,
since
the
Raign
of
King
Edward
the
third
,
by
our
quondam
flourishing
Trade
of
Clothing
,
untill
that
our
late
giddy
times
of
Rebellion
had
so
very
much
lessened
and
impaired
it
.
Many
great
Factories
or
Manufactures
of
Bays
,
Sayes
,
Serges
,
and
Kerseys
at
and
about
Colchester
,
Sudbury
,
&c.
and
of
stuffs
at
Norwich
,
Canterbury
,
Sandwich
,
Kiderminster
,
&c.
erected
and
encouraged
before
our
long
and
late
unhappy
wars
,
and
the
raign
and
Rapine
of
Mechanick
Reformers
.
The
Lands
of
Wales
greatly
improved
since
the
Raign
or
King
Henry
the
fourth
,
and
his
severe
Laws
which
denyed
them
the
intercourse
,
commerce
,
and
priviledges
of
England
.
The
freeing
of
some
of
the
Northern
Counties
,
as
Cumberland
,
Westmerland
,
and
Northumberland
from
the
trouble
,
charge
,
and
damages
of
maintaining
their
Borders
against
the
Scotish
,
formerly
and
frequent
outrages
,
invasions
,
and
taking
away
their
goods
and
cattle
by
day
and
by
night
.
And
the
like
freedom
from
the
incursions
and
depraedations
of
the
Welch
assured
and
settled
upon
the
four
Shires
or
Counties
of
Gloucester
,
Worcester
,
Hereford
,
and
Shropshire
,
by
the
guard
and
residence
of
a
Lord
President
of
Wales
and
the
Marches
thereof
.
Abundance
of
Markets
and
Fairs
now
more
then
formerly
granted
,
so
as
few
or
no
parts
of
England
and
Wales
can
complain
of
any
want
of
them
within
every
four
or
five
miles
distance
.
Great
sto●e
of
Welch
,
Scottish
and
Irish-cattel
now
yearly
brought
into
England
,
when
as
few
or
none
were
heretofore
.
Horses
,
Oxen
and
Cattel
now
by
Law
permitted
to
be
transported
into
the
parts
beyond
the
Seas
which
were
formerly
denyed
.
A
greater
profit
made
to
many
private
Lords
of
Mannors
by
Lead
and
other
Mines
,
&c.
more
then
heretofore
.
Many
Fruit
Trees
bearing
Apples
,
Pears
,
&c.
yearly
planted
,
and
great
quantities
of
Sider
and
Perry
made
more
then
formerly
.
Many
Rivers
made
Navigable
,
and
Havens
repaired
.
The
loss
of
Cattel
and
great
damages
by
Inundations
of
the
Sea
,
or
the
Creeks
thereof
,
or
of
some
boysterous
and
un●uly
Rivers
prevented
by
contributions
to
the
making
of
Sea
walls
by
several
Statutes
or
Commissions
for
Sewers
.
None
or
very
little
trouble
or
charges
before
ou●
late
wars
for
maintaining
of
Garrisons
,
&c.
or
by
the
disorder
or
Rapines
of
any
of
them
.
Our
Ships
better
then
in
former
times
secured
upon
the
Sea
Coasts
by
light
houses
,
&c.
Some
of
our
Principal
native
Commodities
,
as
F●llers
Earth
,
Leather
,
Hides
,
&c.
and
Corn
when
it
is
not
cheap
,
prohibited
to
be
exported
.
Divers
Statutes
restraining
Aliens
,
not
being
Denizend
to
Trade
or
keep
Shops
,
&c.
Convenient
provisions
made
for
Vicars
in
case
of
Churches
appropriate
.
The
goods
of
Foraigners
to
be
taxed
for
the
payment
of
fifteens
.
The
breed
of
large
Horses
and
increase
of
Husbandry
commanded
,
divers
Statutes
made
for
the
incouragement
of
Merchants
,
Merchandize
and
Mariners
;
preservation
of
Fishing
,
Fuel
,
Cattel
,
and
Rivers
,
and
against
Freequarter
of
souldiers
,
excessive
Tolls
,
Forestallers
,
Regrators
,
Ingrossers
,
and
Monopolies
,
Riots
,
Routs
,
and
Vagabond
Rogues
,
and
to
relieve
the
poor
.
All
Commotes
or
unlawful
gatherings
of
money
in
Wales
,
and
the
Marches
thereof
taken
away
.
Weights
and
measures
Regulated
.
Depopulations
prohibited
.
Many
an
unjust
title
in
concealed
Lands
made
good
by
sixty
years
quiet
possession
.
Interest
for
money
lent
,
reduced
to
a
lower
rate
then
formerly
,
and
Brokage
forbidden
.
No
Tillage
or
errable
land
to
be
laid
down
,
but
as
much
to
be
broken
up
.
Merchants
Strangers
permitted
to
Trade
and
sell
their
Merchandize
in
England
,
and
buy
and
sell
things
ve●dible
;
and
a
great
improvement
of
Trade
and
Merchandize
six
or
seven
times
exceeding
that
which
was
in
or
before
the
raign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
.
Fishgarthes
in
the
Rivers
of
Ouse
and
Humber
ordered
to
be
pulled
down
.
The
passage
upon
the
River
of
Severne
freed
from
Tolles
imposed
by
the
proprietors
of
the
Lands
upon
the
Banks
.
The
bringing
of
Silver
Bullion
into
England
by
our
English
Merchants
encouraged
,
the
transportation
from
thence
of
Gold
and
Silver
without
the
Kings
licence
prohibited
,
and
the
care
of
the
Kings
Exchangers
,
untill
the
disuse
of
it
now
of
late
preventing
all
abuses
in
the
coyn
or
money
of
the
Kingdom
.
Merchants
Aliens
,
and
Merchants
of
Ireland
,
ordained
to
imploy
their
mony
received
in
England
upon
the
Commodities
thereof
and
every
Merchant
Alien
to
finde
Sureties
that
they
shall
not
carry
Gold
or
Silver
out
of
this
Realm
.
The
keeping
of
great
numbers
of
Sheep
by
rich
men
,
whereby
meaner
men
were
impoverished
,
restrained
to
a
certain
number
.
Ordinances
made
for
Bakers
,
Brewers
,
and
other
Victuallers
.
The
prices
of
victuals
to
be
rated
and
assessed
by
the
Magistrates
.
Rents
of
houses
in
Staple-Towns
to
be
reasonable
and
assess●d
by
the
Maior
.
Great
quantities
of
waste
grounds
and
Commons
inclosed
and
improved
.
A
long
and
happy
Peace
at
home
for
more
then
two
hundred
years
.
Many
an
Act
of
Parliament
made
to
prevent
or
remedy
grievances
,
enlarge
the
peoples
liberties
,
and
make
them
the
most
free
and
happy
Nation
in
the
world
,
si
sua
bona
Norint
,
if
they
could
but
be
content
with
their
happiness
,
and
know
how
to
use
it
.
All
the
Revenues
and
Estates
of
the
people
,
aswell
reall
as
personal
,
exceedingly
and
by
many
degrees
improved
more
then
formerly
.
And
all
manner
of
Victuals
and
provisions
,
sold
at
such
excessive
rates
and
prices
as
would
busie
our
Forefathers
with
no
common
or
ordinary
wonder
if
they
could
be
alive
again
to
see
or
understand
it
,
and
makes
the
former
Market
prizes
and
rates
,
to
be
but
as
Pigmies
or
Dwarfs
to
those
which
are
now
so
immense
and
Gigantine
.
So
as
if
the
Laws
of
God
,
Nature
and
Nations
,
right
reason
,
and
the
heretofore
well
approved
custome
of
England
,
with
the
care
of
avoiding
of
evils
and
inconveniencies
,
which
was
wont
to
be
the
primum
mobile
and
greatest
Orator
in
worldly
affairs
,
to
incite
and
stir
up
most
mens
cares
and
preventions
(
m●ny
of
whom
have
had
cause
to
lament
the
not
allowing
of
that
and
oother
the
Kings
ancient
and
just
rights
,
and
a
due
submission
thereunto
cannot
perswade
or
lead
them
unto
that
great
part
of
reason
&
duty
called
Prae-emption
,
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
;
the
consideration
of
the
l●berties
and
happiness
which
they
do
now
enjoy
more
then
many
of
their
Ancestors
might
certainly
drive
or
carry
them
into
their
more
laudable
ways
and
courses
.
When
the
peoples
want
of
a
liberty
of
unmannerliness
or
Praeemption
before
their
Soveraign
or
his
servants
on
his
behalf
,
begets
no
other
loss
or
grievance
unto
them
then
a
disturbance
of
their
Fancies
,
or
their
not
obtaining
that
which
did
not
become
them
or
their
Humor
of
hindring
their
betters
from
having
of
it
,
or
to
make
a
vie
betwixt
them
and
the
Kings
servants
,
either
to
hinder
him
from
having
of
it
,
or
to
make
him
pay
for
it
a
great
deal
more
then
it
was
worth
.
Which
Davids
three
Worthies
who
hazarded
their
lives
,
And
brake
thorough
the
host
of
the
Philistims
to
draw
water
out
of
the
Well
of
Bethlehem
,
and
brought
it
to
David
who
longed
and
had
a
desire
to
drink
of
it
,
would
never
have
done
but
would
have
been
ashamed
to
offer
unto
their
Prince
so
great
an
indignity
.
And
the
charge
and
enhaunce
of
the
prices
of
all
Commodities
necessary
for
houshold
provisions
,
will
by
the
needless
racking
of
rates
and
prices
,
and
the
Insana
praetia
intollerable
rates
and
prices
,
which
the
King
by
the
avarice
and
insatiableness
of
the
sellers
is
and
shall
be
inforced
to
give
,
so
infect
and
spoile
the
markets
of
such
part
of
the
people
as
shall
have
occasion
to
buy
,
which
are
many
to
every
one
that
is
a
seller
,
those
that
are
sellers
having
sometimes
also
occasion
to
be
buyers
,
as
if
the
wisdom
of
the
King
and
his
great
and
Privy
Councel
prevent
it
not
,
there
will
in
a
few
years
be
ten
times
or
a
greater
charge
more
then
was
in
the
same
year
when
the
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
it
were
abolished
,
imposed
upon
the
subjects
by
the
Tyranny
of
rates
and
prices
then
ever
the
Compositions
for
the
Kings
Pourveyance
or
houshold
provisions
did
amount
unto
.
And
when
the
difference
in
the
Compositions
for
the
Kings
Pourveyance
betwixt
the
Market
rates
and
the
Kings
price
,
do
amount
at
the
utmost
but
unto
sixty
five
thousand
pounds
per
annum
or
thereabouts
,
and
is
charged
upon
so
many
and
in
so
easie
and
petit
proportions
.
And
being
no
greater
a
charge
or
inconvenience
,
the
people
who
in
a
legal
and
Parliamentary
way
are
to
help
him
to
sustain
and
bear
his
burdens
,
if
they
love
and
tender
their
own
good
and
the
well
being
of
themselves
and
their
posterities
,
will
too
prodigally
cast
away
too
much
of
their
own
happiness
,
and
as
much
of
their
own
Estates
,
if
they
shall
for
want
of
so
small
and
easie
accommodations
which
are
so
just
,
and
so
necessary
to
the
honor
and
support
of
their
Prince
,
enforce
him
into
so
great
a
prejudice
and
damage
as
to
pay
yearly
four
times
as
much
as
sixty
five
thousand
pounds
per
annum
,
shall
amount
unto
,
in
many
,
if
not
all
the
particulars
of
his
houshold
provisions
,
as
may
be
instanced
in
four
and
twenty
shillings
,
the
price
of
a
Sheep
,
which
was
in
the
Compositions
to
be
served
in
at
three
shillings
four
pence
;
A●
Oxe
twelve
pounds
,
which
was
to
have
been
furnished
at
four
marks
;
three
shillings
or
two
shillings
six
pence
for
a
Hen
,
which
was
to
be
furnished
for
two
pence
,
Eliz
cap
6.
touching
the
Colledges
in
the
Universities
of
Oxford
and
Cambridge
,
reserving
a
third
part
of
their
rents
in
Corn
,
or
Mal●
▪
&c.
four
shillings
for
a
Goose
which
was
to
be
sent
in
for
four
pence
,
Lambs
at
twelve
pence
a
piece
,
for
which
he
now
pays
eleven
or
twelve
shillings
,
and
at
Christmas
sixteen
▪
or
twenty
shillings
,
Wheat
at
ten
pence
a
Bushel
(
the
Market
rate
being
no
more
for
Wheat
in
18.
of
Queen
Elizabeth
)
for
which
he
lately
paid
before
the
late
dearth
7
s.
6
d.
a
Bushel
,
and
cannot
furnish
sixteen
dishes
of
meat
to
the
Table
of
one
of
his
great
Officers
of
his
houshold
,
if
report
be
true
under
twenty
shillings
a
dish
.
And
if
weather
beat●n
by
such
an
exaction
and
enhaunce
of
prices
,
he
shall
seek
a
shelter
or
Port
by
putting
one
thousand
two
hundred
and
fourty
servants
(
the
Queens
servants
above
and
below
stai●s
not
included
)
to
Board●wages
,
the
profits
and
allowed
avails
of
their
places
which
contrary
to
the
Laws
of
England
,
the
honor
of
the
King
,
the
weal
and
profit
of
him
and
his
people
too
many
have
dea●ly
bought
and
paid
for
,
will
to
reduce
their
vails
and
profits
of
their
places
into
a
certain
yearly
Board-wages
,
their
standing
Wages
and
Pensions
being
so
very
petit
and
inconsiderable
cost
him
in
such
an
unreasonable
and
intollerable
exaction
,
and
enhaunce
of
Rates
and
Prices
as
there
is
in
the
Markets
,
ten
times
more
in
money
and
twenty
times
more
in
some
then
what
he
now
paies
,
if
his
servants
shall
not
like
hunger
bitten
,
starved
,
and
ragged
Beggars
,
be
enforced
to
torment
aswell
as
shame
him
with
their
daily
Petitions
and
importunities
,
or
be
as
the
naked
attendants
about
the
Salvage
Kings
.
Or
if
he
shall
not
make
them
recompence
for
the
losses
of
their
Diet
and
availes
arising
by
it
will
undoe
and
ruine
very
near
so
many
Families
and
Dependencies
who
have
nothing
to
live
upon
but
his
Majesties
service
and
their
hopes
of
subsistance
by
it
.
Or
if
the
loss
of
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
shall
in
his
house-keeping
endamage
him
but
two
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
annum
,
it
will
with
one
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
annum
profit
which
was
heretofore
made
by
the
Tenures
,
amount
unto
three
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
annum
,
which
will
be
more
then
that
part
of
the
Excise
which
was
allowed
in
lieu
of
the
Tenures
and
Pourveyance
;
and
the
supplemental
Revenue
of
the
Chimney
money
deductis
deducendis
will
yearly
bring
into
the
Kings
Exchequer
.
So
great
a
damage
will
arise
unto
the
King
by
the
loss
of
his
Pourveyance
and
Compositions
for
them
;
and
so
much
the
greater
,
if
he
shall
put
his
servants
(
which
never
King
of
England
was
yet
inforced
unto
,
and
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
of
England
,
untill
of
late
disdained
to
do
)
to
Board-wages
,
and
give
them
recompence
for
their
losses
;
and
will
be
not
onely
a
very
great
damage
and
inconvenience
in
the
consequence
to
the
people
.
But
a
great
dishonor
unto
the
King
,
whose
sublimity
,
Majesty
and
Honor
is
not
to
be
measured
or
managed
by
the
narrow
rules
of
private
men
or
house-keepers
,
for
although
it
may
relish
very
well
with
some
that
have
Tables
daily
furnished
at
the
Kings
charge
to
feed
so
many
as
depend
upon
it
,
and
entertain
such
men
of
quality
as
shall
come
to
his
Court
about
his
or
their
affairs
,
and
would
much
advance
their
private
purses
,
and
do
well
in
their
own
families
to
have
the
expences
of
it
turned
into
a
yearly
Pension
in
money
,
wherein
the
King
is
like
to
be
as
much
a
saver
as
King
Charles
the
Martyr
,
was
when
he
allowed
Mr.
Andrew
Pitcarne
the
Master
of
his
Hawks
ten
shillings
per
diem
to
provide
Pigeons
,
And
that
some
of
those
who
advise
a
Sparing
,
not
at
all
becoming
the
grandeur
and
honour
of
a
Prince
to
make
themselves
the
greater
gainers
by
his
bounty
to
be
worse
imployed
upon
themselves
,
may
suppose
that
which
might
be
a
fit
Espargne
in
their
own
lesser
Orbes
and
Oeconomies
,
may
serve
for
the
Court
and
Family
of
an
English
King
,
and
that
the
Grandeur
and
Magnificence
thereof
would
be
but
little
or
not
at
all
lessened
by
some
thriftie
contrivances
and
abatements
calculated
only
for
their
own
Meridian
,
and
that
the
Power
,
Authority
,
and
Virtue
of
a
Prince
,
can
well
enough
subsist
without
the
prop
and
support
of
that
due
Awe
and
Reverence
which
are
to
attend
the
Majesty
of
Kings
,
and
that
some
in
their
short
sighted
Policies
may
reckon
such
or
the
like
good
husbandries
to
be
no
small
part
of
Prudence
and
Providence
very
laudable
and
fit
to
be
put
in
practice
.
Yet
the
Laws
of
God
,
Nature
and
Nations
,
and
the
state
and
magnificence
of
Kings
and
their
Princely
Families
,
allowed
as
well
as
mentioned
in
the
Book
of
God
and
Holy
Writ
,
as
that
of
Pharaoh
,
Saul
,
David
,
Solomon
and
Ahashuerus
.
The
State
and
Magnificence
of
all
the
Christian
and
Heathen
Kings
and
Princes
,
Grecian
Magistrates
,
Romane
Consuls
and
Dictators
,
Venetian
Doges
,
and
Dutch
Stadtholders
,
and
our
laudable
customs
of
England
,
can
teach
every
man
who
hath
not
abjured
his
own
reason
as
well
as
the
Laws
of
God
and
Nature
,
and
the
reasonable
customes
of
England
,
how
very
necessary
the
honor
and
State
of
Princes
are
to
the
obedience
and
good
Government
of
the
people
,
how
much
they
conduce
to
their
well-being
;
how
the
observance
,
honor
,
and
reverence
due
unto
Kings
,
are
lessened
by
the
meannesse
of
their
Servants
,
and
diminishing
their
State
and
Port
,
how
unsafe
and
insipid
such
new
found
policies
and
contrivances
would
be
;
and
that
the
dishonor
of
the
Prince
is
the
unsafety
and
dishonor
of
the
people
,
who
may
easily
and
every
where
find
a
necessity
of
his
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
it
,
and
no
reason
at
all
to
deny
it
.
When
the
total
of
the
charges
of
it
will
be
so
useful
to
their
Soveraign
,
so
becomming
his
Royal
Dignity
,
so
necessary
to
the
honor
and
splendor
of
his
house-keeping
,
and
that
the
parts
which
shall
be
charged
upon
particular
men
to
make
up
that
total
,
will
be
so
petit
and
inconsiderable
,
as
our
Laws
and
the
Compositions
for
Pourveyance
had
ordered
it
.
CHAP.
VI.
The
small
charge
of
the
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
it
,
to
or
upon
such
of
the
people
as
were
chargeable
with
it
.
AS
may
evidently
and
undeniably
appear
by
the
Compositions
for
Pourveyance
which
were
agreed
to
be
paid
by
the
several
Counties
,
As
,
For
the
County
of
Anglisey
in
Wales
which
hath
eighty
three
Parishes
,
but
five
pounds
,
which
is
for
every
Parish
not
one
shilling
three
pence
,
it
being
commonly
in
every
County
charged
onely
upon
the
Lands
of
inheritance
of
the
greater
size
or
quantity
,
(
not
upon
Copyholders
or
small
Freeholders
)
and
upon
those
kind
of
Lands
which
were
most
proper
for
it
and
could
better
afford
it
as
Wheat
,
Malt
,
&c.
upon
Errable
Lands
and
Cattel
upon
Pasture
,
&c.
For
the
County
of
Mountgomery
who
we●e
to
provide
yearly
but
twenty
Sturks
or
smaller
sized
Cattle
so
called
,
or
sixty
pounds
per
annum
,
and
had
Fifty
four
Parishes
,
whereof
five
or
six
were
Borough
Towns
,
which
made
the
charge
upon
every
Parish
to
be
little
more
then
twenty
shillings
per
annum
.
All
the
charge
of
the
Compositions
for
the
Kings
provisions
being
onely
of
one
hundred
and
eighty
Sturks
in
Wales
and
its
thirteen
shires
or
Counties
which
costes
that
Dominion
yeerly
no
more
then
three
hundred
and
sixty
pounds
.
The
County
of
Worcester
which
hath
one
hundred
and
fifty
two
Parishes
,
paid
but
four
hundred
ninety
five
pounds
besides
the
Kings
p●ice
or
rate
allowed
for
provisions
served
in
kinde
,
which
is
but
three
pounds
and
seven
shillings
or
thereabouts
to
be
assessed
upon
every
Parish
.
Derbyshire
having
one
hundred
and
six
Parishes
,
paid
but
two
hundred
fifty
four
pounds
two
shillings
two
pence
,
which
is
something
less
then
fifty
shillings
upon
every
Parish
.
Yorkeshire
,
which
hath
four
hundred
fifty
nine
Parishes
,
besides
many
large
Chapelries
was
charged
with
no
more
then
four
hundred
ninety
five
pounds
,
which
was
not
two
and
twenty
shillings
upon
every
Parish
one
with
another
,
and
would
not
be
six
pence
a
year
upon
every
house
one
with
another
,
if
no
respect
were
to
be
had
to
the
real
or
personal
Estates
of
the
proprietors
which
admits
of
large
differences
or
proportions
more
or
less
then
one
another
.
The
County
of
Midlesex
having
seventy
three
Parishes
,
besides
what
are
in
the
London
Suburbes
,
paid
but
nine
hundred
seventeen
pound
nineteen
shillings
,
which
by
her
great
benefits
by
the
Kings
constant
residence
in
it
,
is
in
a
better
condition
with
her
few
but
v●ry
plentiful
and
numerous
Parishes
,
then
the
Counties
further
distant
,
and
by
the
letting
and
setting
of
their
Lands
,
Houses
,
and
Lodgings
,
and
the
great
rates
and
prices
of
all
the
Commodities
which
they
sell
to
other
people
gaineth
fourty
to
one
at
the
least
of
what
they
loose
by
the
Kings
prices
for
his
Pourveyance
or
houshold
provisions
,
the
City
of
Westminster
,
and
the
Suburb
Parishes
of
London
,
consisting
more
of
houses
then
Lands
or
Pasture
and
being
not
at
all
charged
or
troubled
wi●●
〈◊〉
.
The
County
of
Essex
paid
for
Composition
but
two
thousand
nine
hundred
thirty
one
pounds
two
shillings
and
two
p●nce
,
and
having
many
of
the
benefits
which
Midlesex
enjoyeth
far
exceeding
the
charge
of
the
Compositions
for
Pourveyance
,
hath
four
hundred
and
fifteen
Parishes
,
which
is
little
more
then
seven
pound
five
shillings
upon
every
Parish
chargeable
,
for
the
Compositions
and
provisions
served
in
kinde
.
Bedfordshire
which
hath
one
hundred
and
sixteen
Parishes
,
paid
but
four
hundred
ninty
seven
pounds
eight
shillings
four
pence
,
which
was
but
four
pounds
five
shillings
nine
pence
upon
every
Parish
.
The
County
of
Buckingham
which
hath
one
hundred
eighty
five
Parishes
,
two
thousand
fourty
pounds
sixteen
shillings
and
six
pence
,
which
was
but
something
more
then
eleven
pounds
upon
every
Parish
one
with
another
.
Berkshire
having
one
hundred
and
fourty
Parishes
,
but
one
thousand
two
hundred
and
fifty
five
pounds
seventeen
shillings
and
eight
pence
,
which
did
not
charge
every
Parish
with
nine
pounds
per
annum
.
Cheshire
having
sixty
eight
Parishes
and
furn●shing
but
25.
lean
Oxen
at
the
Kings
price
-
2l
.
—
13s
.
-4d
.
a
peice
Total
—
66
l.
—
13
s.
—
4
d.
at
the
Market
price
—
6
●
.
—
10
s.
Total
—
162
l.
—
10
s.
—
0.
Difference
—
95
l.
16
s.
—
8
d.
was
not
thereby
charged
with
more
then
one
pound
nine
shillings
upon
every
parish
.
Cornewall
having
an
hundred
sixty
one
Parishes
,
and
furnishing
but
Ten
fat
Oxen
at
the
Kings
price
—
4
l.
Total
●0
l.
Market
price
—
10
l.
Total
—
100
l.
Difference
—
60l
.
did
bear
not
so
great
a
contribution
as
eight
shillings
upon
every
Parish
.
The
County
of
Devon
having
three
hundred
ninty
four
Parishes
,
and
furnishing
but
Ten
fat
Oxen
at
the
Kings
price
—
4
l.
Total
—
40
l.
Market
price
—
10
l.
Total
—
100l
.
Difference
—
60
l.
Muttons
fat
150.
at
the
Kings
price
—
6
s.
—
8
d.
Total
—
50
l.
Market
price
—
18
s.
Total
—
135l
.
Difference
—
85l
.
paid
no
greater
a
sum
in
that
yearly
Composition
then
ten
shillings
upon
every
parish
.
Gloucestershire
which
hath
two
hundred
and
eighty
parishes
paid
but
four
hundred
twenty
two
pounds
seven
shillings
eight
pence
,
which
was
not
one
pound
eleven
shillings
upon
every
parish
.
Hertfordshire
numbering
one
hundred
and
twenty
parishes
,
paid
but
one
thousand
two
hundred
fifty
nine
pounds
ninteen
shillings
four
pence
,
which
laid
upon
every
parish
but
abou●
ten
pounds
ten
shillings
.
Herefordshire
furnishing
but
18.
fat
Oxen
at
the
Kings
price
—
4
l.
Total
—
72
l.
Market
price
—
10
l.
Total
—
180l
.
Difference
—
108
l.
and
having
one
hundred
seventy
six
par●shes
,
made
every
one
of
them
a
contributary
of
no
more
then
about
twelve
shil●ings
six
pence
upon
every
parish
.
Kent
having
three
hundred
ninety
eight
parishes
,
and
being
a
very
great
gainer
by
the
Kings
so
constant
abode
in
his
Chamber
of
London
,
more
then
its
charge
of
Pourvey●nce
amounted
unto
,
paid
but
three
thousand
three
hundred
thirty
four
pounds
and
six
shillings
,
which
laid
upon
ever
parish
for
Composi●ions
for
the
Pourveyance
,
no
more
then
about
eight
pounds
ten
shillings
.
Lincolnshire
which
hath
six
hundred
and
thirty
parishes
,
and
paid
but
one
thousand
one
hundred
seventy
five
pounds
thirteen
sh●llings
and
eight
pence
,
charged
every
parish
with
no
more
then
about
nineteen
sh●llings
six
pence
,
or
thereabouts
.
The
County
of
Northampton
having
three
hundred
twenty
six
parishes
,
and
being
like
to
be
no
looser
by
its
gainful
vicinity
to
London
,
and
the
Royal
Residence
,
paid
no
more
towards
the
Pourveyance
and
Compositions
then
nine
hundred
nine●y
three
pounds
eighteen
shillings
four
pence
,
which
was
for
every
parish
very
little
more
then
three
pounds
.
The
County
of
Norfolke
having
six
hundred
and
sixty
parishes
,
paid
but
one
thousand
ninety
three
pounds
two
shillings
and
eight
pence
,
which
charged
every
parish
not
with
one
pound
eleven
shillings
.
Somersetshire
which
hath
three
hundred
eighty
five
parish●s
,
and
paid
no
more
then
seven
hundred
fifty
five
pounds
fourteen
sh●llings
eight
pence
,
laid
no
greater
a
leavy
for
the
Composition
for
Pourveyance
upon
every
Parish
then
about
fourty
shillings
.
The
County
of
Surry
having
one
hundred
and
fourty
parishes
,
and
paid
no
more
then
one
thousand
seventy
nine
pounds
three
pence
,
rendered
every
parish
a
contributer
for
the
Pourveyance
of
not
above
seven
pounds
nineteen
shillings
.
The
County
of
Sussex
which
hath
one
hundred
and
twelve
parishes
,
and
paid
no
more
to
that
kind
of
contribution
then
one
thousand
and
sixteen
pounds
two
shillings
six
pence
,
makes
every
Parish
to
be
charged
with
no
greater
a
sum
or
proportion
then
three
pounds
thirteen
shillings
six
pence
or
thereabouts
.
And
London
which
is
and
hath
been
the
greatest
gainer
by
the
residence
of
the
King
and
his
principal
Courts
of
Justice
at
Westminster
,
and
by
the
confluence
of
the
people
,
not
onely
of
this
Nation
,
but
many
Merchants
and
people
from
all
parts
of
the
Christian
word
,
is
grown
to
be
the
grand
Emporium
and
Town
of
Trade
in
England
,
mighty
and
strong
in
shipping
,
a
Merchant-like
Tyrus
for
many
Isles
,
and
as
great
and
famous
as
any
City
or
Mart
Town
of
the
World
,
to
whom
all
the
Ships
of
the
Sea
with
their
Mariners
do
bring
their
Merchandize
;
the
most
of
Nations
are
her
Merchants
by
reason
of
the
multitude
of
the
Wares
,
of
her
making
;
and
with
the
multitude
of
her
riches
and
Merchandize
makes
all
the
other
parts
,
Counties
,
Cities
,
and
Borough
Towns
of
the
Kingdom
,
as
to
riches
,
money
,
and
Trade
,
her
vassals
and
retailers
,
doth
for
all
these
benefits
contribute
with
the
out
Ports
only
for
the
Kings
Grocery
ware
,
which
if
it
could
be
called
a
contribution
,
did
in
some
years
amount
according
to
the
full
price
but
unto
two
thousand
pounds
per
annum
,
and
in
other
years
but
unto
sixteen
hundred
pounds
or
there
abouts
,
and
is
raised
and
charged
by
way
of
Impost
upon
the
gross
quantites
of
such
kinde
of
Merchandise
;
and
being
repayed
the
Merchant
by
the
retailer
,
and
by
the
buyer
to
the
retailer
,
was
no
more
in
the
fifth
year
of
the
Raign
of
King
Charles
the
fi●st
in
the
Impost
or
Rates
of
Composition
then
as
followeth
,
viz.
Rates
of
Composition
for
Grocery
wares
for
his
Majesties
House
.
-
Pepper
The
hundred
pound
xviii
.
d.
-
Cloves
The
hundred
pound
xviii
.
d.
-
Mace
The
hundred
pound
xviii
.
d.
-
Nutmeggs
The
hundred
pound
xviii
.
d.
-
Cynamon
The
hundred
pound
xviii
.
d.
-
Ginger
the
hundred
pound
xii
.
d.
-
Raisons
of
the
Sun
the
hundred
waight
iii.
d.
-
Raisons
great
the
piece
i.
d.
ob
.
-
Proyns
the
Tun
xvi
.
d.
-
Almonds
the
hundred
waight
v.
d.
-
Corrants
the
Tun
ii
.
s.
-
Sweet
oyle
the
Pipe
iii.
s.
-
Sugar
refined
the
hundred
waight
viii
.
d.
-
Sugar
,
powder
,
and
Mukovadoes
the
C.
waight
v.
d.
-
The
Chest
xx
.
d.
-
Sugar
corse
and
paneles
the
C.
waight
iii.
d.
-
Figges
the
Barrell
i.
d.
-
Figges
the
Piece
ob
.
q.
-
Figges
the
Topnet
ob
.
-
Dates
the
hundred
waight
viii
.
d.
-
Rice
the
hundred
waight
iiii
.
d.
ob
.
-
Olives
the
Tun
iiii
.
s.
-
Castel
and
all
other
hard
Soap
the
C.
waight
vi
.
d.
-
Anniseeds
the
hundred
waight
ii
.
d.
-
Licorish
the
hundred
waight
ii
.
d.
And
so
petit
as
in
a
pound
of
Raisins
of
the
Sunne
now
sold
for
four
pence
a
pound
,
it
falls
to
be
less
then
the
eighth
or
tenth
part
of
a
farthing
increase
of
price
in
every
pound
of
Raisins
of
the
Sun
.
And
as
inconsiderable
in
the
charge
or
burden
of
it
,
laid
upon
the
Grocers
or
Retailers
as
that
of
their
pack-thred
and
brown
paper
,
which
in
the
vent
of
those
commodities
and
accommodation
of
Customers
are
freely
and
willingly
given
into
the
bargain
.
And
when
the
Brewers
in
London
,
and
four
miles
about
,
did
before
the
granting
of
the
Excise
upon
Ale
and
Beer
,
and
taking
away
of
the
Pourveyances
or
Composition
for
them
,
pay
four
pence
in
every
quartet
of
Malt
which
they
Brewed
,
the
Composition
thereof
amounting
but
unto
three
thousand
five
hunded
pounds
per
annum
,
being
now
remitted
and
not
paid
by
reason
of
the
said
Excise
,
that
yearly
Impost
or
Composition
,
did
not
onely
lye
upon
the
Brewers
,
but
was
dispersed
and
laid
upon
all
their
Customers
and
Inhabitants
of
London
,
who
paying
for
it
in
the
smalness
of
their
Ale
and
Beer
and
of
the
measure
,
were
notwithstanding
no
loosers
by
it
,
when
as
the
damage
that
the
poorest
sort
of
house-keepers
received
thereby
,
came
not
,
when
their
gains
were
least
,
unto
the
twentieth
penny
nor
of
the
richer
,
to
the
hundreth
or
two
hundreth
peny
of
what
they
gained
by
the
Kings
residence
,
by
trade
,
letting
,
of
lodgings
,
or
the
greater
rent
of
their
houses
;
and
if
the
Brewer
had
paid
it
himself
,
and
not
laid
it
upon
his
Customers
,
might
for
his
priviledge
in
Brewing
in
the
Cities
of
London
and
West●minster
,
and
not
being
removed
or
punished
for
the
Nuisance
,
have
very
well
afforded
so
small
a
sum
as
four
pence
in
every
quarter
of
Mault
,
containing
Berkshire
,
Cheshire
,
Cornewall
,
Devonshire
,
Gloucestershire
,
Hertfordshire
,
Herefordshire
,
Kent
,
Northampton
,
Norfolk
,
Somersetshire
,
Surrey
,
Sussex
and
London
,
may
give
the
prospect
of
the
rest
)
and
how
small
the
proportions
were
,
which
were
charged
upon
such
as
were
to
bear
or
pay
them
,
may
make
it
appear
that
that
so
much
now
of
late
complained
of
charge
of
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
will
be
so
little
as
there
will
be
no
cause
at
all
for
it
,
when
as
the
yearly
charge
of
buying
Babies
,
Hobby
horses
,
and
Toys
for
children
to
spoil
as
well
as
play
with
(
which
costs
England
,
as
hath
been
computed
,
near
one
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
annum
)
or
of
amending
the
High
ways
,
yearly
Treatments
given
to
Harvest
Folk
,
or
the
expences
of
an
Harvest
Goose
,
and
a
Seed
Cake
given
yearly
to
their
Plow-men
,
keeping
a
Wake
or
Parish
Feast
every
year
,
or
the
monyes
which
the
good
Women
in
every
Parish
and
County
,
do
expend
in
their
Gosshippings
,
at
the
birth
of
their
Neighbours
Children
,
or
many
other
such
like
trivial
and
most
cheerful
and
pleasing
expences
,
will
make
the
foot
of
the
accompt
as
to
the
several
kinds
of
those
particulars
to
be
a
great
deal
more
then
the
charge
of
that
necessary
duty
of
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
which
was
so
●asy
and
petit
as
in
most
of
the
Counties
of
England
,
it
was
many
times
not
singly
rated
or
assessed
by
it self
,
but
was
joyned
with
some
other
Assessements
,
and
in
Kent
,
where
more
was
paid
then
in
any
one
County
near
London
,
it
was
so
little
felt
and
regarded
,
as
a
Tenant
paying
one
hundred
pounds
rent
per
annum
,
for
his
Land
,
did
not
think
it
to
be
of
any
concernment
for
him
to
reckon
it
to
his
Landlord
,
and
demand
an
allowance
for
it
.
Which
caused
the
people
of
Oxfordshire
,
Barkshire
,
Wiltshire
,
and
Hampshire
,
upon
his
now
Majesties
most
happy
restoration
,
receiving
his
gracious
letters
,
offering
them
the
Election
of
suffering
him
to
take
his
Prae-emption
and
Pourveyance
,
or
to
pay
the
Compositions
,
to
return
answer
by
their
letters
,
which
were
read
before
the
King
in
his
Compting-house
in
White-Hall
,
that
they
humbly
desired
him
to
accept
of
the
Compositions
.
And
all
the
other
Counties
and
the
generality
of
the
people
of
the
smaller
as
well
as
greater
Intellectuals
,
to
understand
it
to
be
so
much
for
the
good
of
the
King
&
his
People
,
as
many
of
them
are
troubled
and
discontented
that
he
hath
them
not
.
And
they
who
causing
the
Markets
and
the
prices
of
things
to
be
so
unreasonably
dear
and
excessive
by
their
own
raising
of
prices
for
their
own
advantages
,
may
when
they
please
make
the
difference
betwixt
the
Kings
rates
and
theirs
to
be
none
at
all
,
or
much
lesser
if
they
would
but
sell
as
cheap
as
they
might
afford
their
commodities
according
to
the
plenty
of
Victuals
,
or
provisions
which
is
in
England
.
The
high
prices
and
rates
which
are
now
put
upon
Victuals
and
Provisions
for
Food
and
House-keeping
being
neither
enforced
nor
occasioned
by
any
plenty
of
Gold
or
Silver
in
England
,
and
if
there
were
any
such
store
or
abundance
of
it
,
non
causatur
effective
,
cujus
effectus
est
necessarius
nisi
aliunde
impediatur
,
could
not
be
so
the
sole
or
proper
cause
of
it
,
as
if
not
otherwise
hindered
it
could
not
want
its
necessary
effect
.
Berkshire
,
Cheshire
,
Cornewall
,
Devonshire
,
Gloucestershire
,
Hertfordshire
,
Herefordshire
,
Kent
,
Northampton
,
Norfolk
,
Somersetshire
,
Surrey
,
Sussex
and
London
,
may
g●ve
the
prospect
of
the
rest
)
and
how
small
the
proportions
were
which
were
charged
upon
such
as
were
to
bear
or
pay
them
.
That
so
much
now
of
late
complained
of
charge
of
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
fo●
them
will
be
so
little
as
there
will
be
no
cause
at
all
for
it
,
when
as
the
yearly
charge
of
buying
Babies
,
Hobby-horses
,
and
Toys
for
children
to
spoil
aswell
as
play
with
(
which
costes
England
,
as
hath
been
computed
near
one
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
annum
)
or
of
amending
the
High
ways
,
yeerly
Treatments
given
to
Harvest
Folk
,
or
the
expences
of
an
Harvest
Goose
,
and
a
Seed
Cake
given
yearly
to
their
Plowmen
,
keeping
a
Wake
or
Parish
Feast
every
year
▪
or
many
other
such
like
trivial
and
most
cheerful
and
pleasing
expences
will
make
the
foot
of
the
accompt
as
to
the
several
kinds
of
those
particulars
to
be
a
great
deal
more
then
the
charge
of
that
necessary
duty
of
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
which
was
so
easie
and
petit
as
in
most
of
the
Counties
of
England
,
it
was
many
times
not
singly
rated
or
assessed
by
it self
,
but
was
joyned
with
some
other
Assessements
▪
and
in
Kent
where
more
was
paid
then
in
any
one
County
near
London
,
it
was
so
little
felt
and
regarded
as
a
Tenant
paying
one
hundred
pounds
rent
per
annum
,
for
his
Land
,
did
not
think
it
to
be
of
any
concernment
for
him
to
reckon
it
to
his
Landlord
,
and
demand
an
allowance
for
it
.
And
the
people
of
Oxfordshire
,
Barkshire
,
Wiltshire
,
and
Hampshire
upon
his
now
Majesties
most
happy
restoration
,
receiving
his
gracious
letters
,
offering
them
the
Election
of
suffering
him
to
take
his
Prae-emption
and
Pourveyance
,
or
to
pay
the
Compositions
,
returned
answer
by
their
letters
,
which
were
read
before
the
King
in
his
Compting
house
in
Whitehall
,
that
they
humbly
desired
him
to
accept
of
the
Compositions
.
And
all
the
other
Counties
and
the
generality
of
the
people
of
the
smaller
as
well
as
greater
Intellectuals
do
understand
it
to
be
so
much
for
the
good
of
the
King
and
the
people
,
as
many
of
them
are
troubled
and
discontented
that
he
hath
them
not
.
And
they
who
causing
the
Markets
and
the
prices
of
things
to
be
so
unreasonably
dear
and
excessive
by
their
own
raising
of
prices
for
their
own
advantages
,
may
when
they
please
make
the
difference
betwixt
the
Kings
rates
and
theirs
to
be
none
at
all
,
or
much
lesser
if
they
would
but
sell
as
cheap
as
they
might
afford
their
commodities
according
to
the
plenty
of
Victuals
,
or
provisions
which
is
in
England
.
The
high
prices
and
rates
which
are
now
put
upon
Victuals
and
Provisions
for
Food
and
house-keeping
being
neither
enforced
nor
occasioned
by
any
plenty
of
Gold
or
Silver
in
England
,
and
if
there
were
any
such
store
or
abundance
of
it
,
non
causatur
effective
,
cujus
effectus
est
necessarius
nisi
aliunde
impediatur
,
could
not
be
so
the
sole
or
proper
cause
of
it
,
as
if
not
otherwise
hindered
it
could
not
want
its
necessary
effect
.
CHAP.
VII
.
That
the
supposed
plenty
of
money
,
and
Gold
,
and
Silver
in
England
since
the
Conquest
of
the
West
Indies
by
the
Spaniards
,
hath
not
been
a
cause
of
raising
the
prices
of
food
and
victuals
in
England
.
BUt
will
upon
a
due
examination
,
be
too
light
in
the
Ballanee
of
Truth
and
Reason
,
and
deserve
a
place
in
the
Catalogue
of
vulgar
Errors
.
For
that
the
rise
of
Silver
in
its
value
or
denomination
by
certain
gradations
or
parts
in
several
Ages
from
twenty
pence
the
ounce
by
King
Henry
the
sixth
by
his
prerogative
to
thirty
pence
,
Lex
M●
.
c●toria
pe●
Gerard
Mal●nes
.
and
between
his
Raign
and
that
of
Queen
Elizabeth
to
forty
pence
,
and
after
to
forty
five
pence
,
and
after
to
sixty
pence
,
Belgicque
Provinces
,
or
the
ha●se
or
Imperial
Cities
of
Germany
,
and
is
now
as
high
as
five
shillings
and
a
penny
the
ounce
,
comes
far
short
of
the
now
or
then
enhaunce
of
victuals
and
commodities
,
and
makes
so
large
a
disproportion
as
the
abundance
of
that
could
not
be
probably
the
cause
of
the
dearth
of
victuals
,
and
all
manner
of
Commodities
,
for
that
the
plenty
of
those
bewitching
and
domineering
mettals
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
supposed
to
be
betwixt
the
Times
of
the
discovery
and
subduing
of
the
Indian
Mines
in
the
Raign
of
our
King
Henry
the
seventh
,
which
was
about
the
year
of
our
Lord
,
one
thousand
five
hundred
and
five
,
and
the
middle
of
the
Raign
of
King
Edward
the
sixth
,
when
as
those
Irritamenta
malorum
,
American
riches
,
and
the
alurements
of
them
,
did
not
in
the
time
of
Charles
the
fifth
Emperor
,
who
out-lived
our
King
Henry
the
eight
,
amount
unto
for
his
account
,
any
more
then
five
hunddred
thousand
Crowns
of
Gold
,
and
with
that
and
what
came
into
Europe
to
the
Spanish
Merchants
Accompts
,
our
English
hav●ng
not
then
learnt
the
way
to
the
West
Indies
,
or
to
search
the
unknown
passages
of
the
unmerciful
Ocean
could
not
have
so
great
an
influence
upon
England
,
which
was
no
neer
neighbor
to
the
Indies
,
as
to
cause
that
dearth
of
Victuals
,
&
all
commodities
which
was
heavily
complained
of
in
the
raign
of
King
Edward
the
sixth
,
of
Sir
Thoms
Chamberlaines
.
and
if
it
had
,
there
would
not
have
been
any
necessity
of
King
Henry
the
8.
embasing
or
mixing
with
Copper
so
much
as
he
did
the
Gold
and
Silver
Coin
of
the
Nation
,
or
that
the
price
of
the
ounce
of
Silver
should
be
raised
betwixt
the
Raign
of
King
Henry
the
7.
and
the
middle
of
the
raign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
to
sixty
pence
or
five
shillings
the
ounce
,
and
though
it
must
be
granted
that
the
raising
of
the
ounce
of
Silver
by
King
Henry
the
8.
or
King
Edward
the
6.
to
five
and
forty
pence
,
and
afterwards
by
some
of
his
successors
to
sixty
pence
,
and
the
making
of
more
pence
out
of
an
Ounce
then
was
formerly
,
might
be
some
cause
of
the
enhaunce
of
the
price
of
victuals
and
commodities
.
And
that
some
of
our
Gallants
or
Gentlemen
of
these
times
forgetting
the
laudable
f●ugality
of
their
ancestors
,
who
had
otherwise
not
have
been
able
to
have
le●t
them
those
Lands
&
estates
which
do
now
so
elevate
their
Poles
,
●ay
by
coiting
their
mony
from
them
,
as
if
they
were
weary
of
it
,
many
times
ignorantly
give
out
of
their
misused
abundance
more
mony
,
or
as
much
again
as
a
thing
is
worth
,
or
not
having
money
to
play
the
fools
withall
in
the
excess
of
gluttony
or
apparel
,
or
the
pursuite
of
their
other
vices
may
sometimes
by
taking
them
upon
day
or
trust
,
give
three
or
four
tim●s
more
then
the
commoditys
would
be
sold
to
another
for
ready
money
,
the
seller
being
many
times
never
paid
at
all
,
and
if
he
should
reckon
his
often
attendance
and
waiting
upon
such
a
customer
to
no
other
purpose
but
to
tire
himself
and
never
get
a
peny
of
his
money
,
would
have
been
a
greater
gainer
if
he
had
given
him
his
wares
or
commodityes
for
nothing
,
and
if
after
many
yeers
he
should
by
a
chance
meet
with
his
money
,
looseth
more
by
his
interest
then
the
principal
amounted
unto
.
Yet
if
Parliaments
which
have
been
composed
of
the
collected
wisdom
of
the
Nation
,
and
their
Acts
and
Statutes
which
have
been
as
they
are
understood
to
be
made
with
the
wisdom
,
and
universal
consent
of
the
people
of
England
,
&
tanta
solemnitate
,
and
with
so
great
solemnity
(
as
Fortescue
in
the
Raign
of
King
H.
6.
and
the
Judges
in
Doctor
Fosters
Case
in
12.
Jac.
Regis
,
do
say
they
are
)
may
be
credited
,
When
as
the
Statute
of
Herring
made
in
the
thirty
fifth
year
of
the
Raign
of
King
Edward
the
third
,
when
the
Trade
of
Clothing
was
in
a
most
flourishing
condition
,
Yarmouth
,
who
lodged
the
Fishers
coming
there
in
the
time
of
the
Fair
,
would
not
suffer
the
Fishers
to
sell
their
Herrings
,
nor
to
meddle
with
the
sale
of
the
same
,
but
sell
them
at
their
own
will
as
dear
as
they
will
,
and
give
the
Fishers
that
pleaseth
them
,
so
that
the
Fishers
did
withdraw
themselves
to
come
there
,
and
the
Herring
was
set
at
a
greater
dearth
then
there
was
before
,
and
that
men
outvied
and
overbid
each
other
.
For
if
the
many
accidents
concurring
to
the
enhauncing
of
the
price
of
any
thing
or
commodity
beyond
its
ordinary
and
intrinsicque
worth
&
value
,
shall
be
rightly
considered
as
famine
the
unseasonableness
of
the
year
or
harvest
,
blasts
or
Mildews
of
Corn
,
transportation
,
fear
of
an
approaching
famine
,
keeping
Corn
and
provisions
from
Markets
,
and
hoarding
them
up
,
e●ther
for
the
peoples
own
use
,
or
to
catch
an
opportunity
of
the
highest
rates
,
the
scarcity
,
or
surpassing
excellency
of
it
,
obstructions
which
wars
,
policy
,
or
controversies
of
Princes
or
neighbor
Nations
,
one
with
or
against
another
,
may
put
upon
it
a
general
Murrain
or
Mortality
of
Cattel
,
Inundations
of
waters
,
great
store
of
provision
or
foder
for
Cattle
,
or
a
gentle
Winter
;
the
charge
and
burden
of
a
new
Tolle
or
Taxe
,
a
present
necessity
to
have
the
thing
desired
to
be
bought
or
had
,
which
the
crafty
and
covetous
seller
hath
taken
notice
of
,
the
importunity
of
an
affection
,
to
have
it
although
it
cost
a
great
deal
more
then
the
worth
of
it
,
or
the
conveniency
for
one
more
then
another
,
which
may
recompence
the
damage
in
giving
too
much
for
it
,
or
more
then
was
otherwise
needful
,
making
it
to
be
a
good
bargain
for
that
particular
person
,
time
or
place
,
which
would
not
be
so
for
others
,
and
the
Market
people
imitating
one
anothers
high
demands
or
avarice
,
by
taking
advantage
of
some
particular
persons
folly
,
or
over-bidding
and
keeping
up
the
excessive
rates
of
the
Market
,
to
the
same
or
a
more
unreasonable
price
,
and
not
being
willing
to
let
them
fall
again
to
a
lower
price
,
though
there
be
plenty
and
reason
enough
to
do
it
,
unlawful
combinations
and
confederacies
of
Trades
men
to
raise
their
prices
,
or
cause
their
wares
to
be
made
Slight
or
insufficient
,
unconscionable
adulterating
of
Commodities
,
and
making
them
seem
what
they
are
not
,
to
raise
the
greater
prices
,
evil
Artifices
of
Forestallers
of
the
Markets
,
Ingrossers
and
Regrators
,
who
for
their
own
ungodly
gains
can
make
a
dearth
and
scarcity
in
the
midst
of
plenty
,
and
like
Caterpillars
spoil
and
devour
the
Hopes
of
the
years
fertility
,
the
Landlords
racking
of
rents
▪
and
the
price
of
all
manner
of
houshold
provisions
and
other
things
raised
by
the
Tenants
to
enable
them
to
pay
them
;
an
universal
pride
and
vanity
of
the
Nation
and
enhaunce
of
prices
to
support
them
,
plunder
,
miseries
,
and
desolations
of
War
;
numberless
tricks
and
deceipts
of
Tradesmen
,
and
fraud
of
the
common
and
Rustick
part
of
the
people
in
the
Counties
neer
London
,
in
keeping
many
of
their
Cattel
half
a
mile
or
some
little
distance
from
the
Fairs
untill
the
Evening
,
or
much
of
the
day
be
spent
,
to
make
them
to
sell
at
greater
rates
;
frequent
deceits
of
stocking
or
Tying
up
the
Udders
of
Kine
,
a
day
before
hand
to
make
them
swell
and
seem
to
give
great
store
of
Milke
:
And
as
many
other
tricks
of
Trade
and
deceit
as
the
Devil
and
deluded
consciences
can
invent
.
And
truely
looked
upon
as
causes
or
concurrent
parts
of
the
cause
of
the
now
grand
and
most
intollerable
inhaunce
of
the
rates
and
p●ices
of
Victuals
,
houshold
provisions
,
and
other
Commodities
,
there
will
be
little
or
no
room
for
the
supposed
plenty
of
Gold
and
Silver
to
be
either
a
cause
or
so
much
as
any
part
of
a
cause
of
it
.
Nor
can
be
well
imagined
,
when
as
notwithstanding
that
betwixt
the
middle
of
the
Raign
of
King
Henry
the
eight
,
and
the
beginning
of
the
Raign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
the
Gold
and
Silver
Mines
of
the
West
Indies
had
by
the
Spanish
cruelty
to
the
Indians
and
their
almost
extirpation
afforded
such
quantities
of
these
baites
of
Satan
and
temptations
,
as
two
hundred
and
sixty
millions
of
Gold
,
Lewis
Roberts
Map
of
Commerce
.
did
appear
by
the
Records
of
the
Custom
house
of
Sivill
,
to
have
been
brought
from
the
West
Indies
into
Spain
,
all
the
plenty
of
that
riches
,
either
by
our
Merchants
bringing
in
of
Bullion
from
Spain
and
its
other
Kingdomes
and
Provinces
by
Commerce
or
return
of
Merchandize
did
not
so
in
England
raise
&
enhaunce
the
rates
and
prices
of
Victuals
and
houshold
provisions
,
but
that
we
finde
the
Parliament
of
24.
H.
8.
ordaining
that
Beef
Pork
,
Mutton
and
Veal
should
be
sold
by
the
weight
called
haber
dupois
,
no
person
should
take
for
a
pound
of
Beef
or
Pork
above
one
half
penny
,
nor
for
a
pound
of
Mutton
or
Veal
above
half
penny
farthing
,
did
believe
they
might
be
reasonably
so
afforded
.
And
the
rates
of
Victuals
and
houshold
provisions
notwithstanding
so
increasing
as
in
the
yeer
following
.
It
was
ordained
,
That
Governors
of
Cities
and
Market
Towns
upon
complaint
to
them
made
of
any
Butcher
refusing
to
sell
victuals
by
the
weight
,
according
to
the
Statute
of
24
H.
8.
ca.
3.
might
commit
the
offenders
toward
untill
he
should
pay
all
penalties
limitted
by
the
said
Statute
,
and
were
enabled
to
sell
or
cause
to
be
sold
by
weight
all
such
victuals
for
ready
money
to
be
delivered
to
the
owner
;
and
if
any
Grasier
,
Farmer
,
Breeder
,
Drover
,
&c.
should
refuse
to
sell
his
fat
Cattel
to
a
Butcher
upon
such
reasonable
prices
as
he
may
retail
it
at
the
price
assessed
by
the
said
Statute
.
The
Justices
of
Peace
,
Maiors
,
or
Governors
should
cause
indifferent
persons
to
set
the
prices
of
the
same
which
if
the
owner
refused
to
accept
then
the
Justices
,
&c.
should
binde
him
to
appear
the
next
Term
in
the
Star
Chamber
,
to
be
punished
as
the
Kings
Councel
should
think
good
.
And
the
same
Parliament
Enacting
,
That
upon
every
complaint
made
of
any
enhauncing
of
prices
of
Cheese
,
Butter
,
Capons
,
Hens
,
Chickens
,
and
other
Victuals
necessary
for
mens
sustenance
without
ground
or
cause
reasonable
in
any
part
of
this
Realm
,
or
in
any
other
the
Kings
Dominions
,
the
Lord
Chancellor
of
England
,
the
Lord
President
of
the
Kings
most
honorable
Councel
,
the
Lord
Privy
Seal
,
the
Lord
Steward
,
the
Lord
Chamberlaine
,
and
all
other
Lords
of
the
Kings
most
honorable
house
,
the
Chancellor
of
the
Dutchy
of
Lancaster
,
the
Kings
Justices
of
either
Bench
,
the
Chancellor
,
Chamberlains
,
under
Treasurer
,
and
the
Barons
of
the
Kings
Exchequer
,
or
seven
of
them
at
the
least
,
whereof
the
Lord
Chancellor
,
Lord
Treasurer
,
the
Lord
President
of
the
Kings
Councel
,
or
the
Lord
Privy
seal
to
be
one
,
should
have
power
and
authority
from
time
to
time
,
as
the
cause
should
require
,
to
set
and
tax
reasonable
prices
of
all
such
kinde
of
Victuals
how
they
should
be
sold
in
gross
or
by
retail
,
and
that
after
such
prices
set
and
taxed
,
Proclamation
should
be
made
in
the
Kings
name
,
under
the
great
Seal
,
of
the
said
prices
,
in
such
parts
of
this
Realm
,
as
should
be
convenient
for
the
same
.
Was
not
of
op●nion
that
the
plenty
of
Gold
and
Silver
were
any
cause
of
the
enhaunce
of
the
prices
or
rates
of
Victuals
;
but
did
in
the
preamble
of
that
Act
declare
,
That
forasmuch
as
dearth
,
scarcity
,
good
,
cheap
and
plenty
of
such
kinde
of
Victuals
happeneth
,
riseth
and
chances
of
so
many
,
and
diverse
occasions
that
it
is
very
hard
and
difficult
to
put
any
certain
prices
to
any
such
things
,
yet
nevertheless
the
prices
of
such
Victuals
,
be
many
times
enhaunced
and
raised
by
the
greedy
covetousness
and
appetites
of
the
owners
of
such
Victuals
by
occasion
of
ingrossing
and
regrating
the
same
more
then
upon
any
reasonable
or
just
ground
,
or
cause
to
the
great
damage
and
impovershing
of
the
Kings
subjects
.
Si●
Thomas
Chamberlaine
,
qui
mores
hominum
multorum
vidit
&
urbes
,
who
by
his
several
Embassages
f●om
England
into
Foraign
Countries
in
the
Raigns
of
Ki●g
Henry
the
eighth
,
and
King
Edward
the
sixth
was
not
a
little
acquainted
with
the
customes
of
other
Nations
,
aswell
as
his
own
,
did
in
the
Raign
of
King
Edward
the
sixth
,
Th●●a●
Chamberla●ne
.
in
a
Treatise
entituled
Policies
to
reduce
the
Realm
of
England
unto
a
prosperous
wealth
and
estate
,
dedicated
unto
the
Duke
of
Somerset
,
then
Lord
Protector
,
assign
the
causes
of
the
high
prices
and
dearness
of
Victuals
(
far
less
then
what
is
now
)
to
be
abasing
of
Coyn
,
and
giv●ng
more
then
Forty
pence
for
the
ounce
of
Silver
,
ingrossing
of
Commodities
,
the
high
price
of
Wooll
,
which
caused
the
Lords
and
Gentlemen
,
being
by
the
suppressing
of
the
Abbies
and
liberality
of
King
Henry
the
eight
,
waxen
rich
,
to
convert
all
their
grounds
into
Sheep
Pastures
,
which
diminished
Victuals
;
ten
Lordships
to
the
great
decay
of
Husbandry
,
being
sometimes
imployed
onely
to
the
Pasturage
of
Sheep
,
and
lessened
the
plenty
of
Calves
,
Butter
,
Eggs
,
Cheese
,
Chickens
,
Hens
,
Capons
,
Ducks
,
Geese
,
Beef
,
Piggs
,
Por●
,
and
Bacon
,
the
labor
of
the
husbandman
,
wife
and
servants
encreasing
more
Victuals
thorough
the
whitemeat
of
one
Cow
in
one
year
being
well
pastured
,
and
her
Calf
taken
from
her
at
a
moneth
old
,
then
her
body
being
fat
amounted
unto
,
the
dearth
of
Victuals
,
causing
the
greatness
of
price
of
other
Commodities
,
and
the
overcharging
of
Commons
by
raising
the
Rents
of
enclosed
grounds
.
The
very
judicious
and
lea●ned
Camden
doth
not
believe
the
plenty
of
money
to
be
the
sole
or
principal
,
if
any
cause
of
the
high
prices
and
rates
of
Victuals
,
but
refers
it
to
Politicians
to
dispute
among
themselves
,
whether
the
dearth
of
all
things
(
now
very
much
exceeded
)
which
most
complain
of
doth
proceed
from
plenty
of
Gold
and
Silver
since
the
discovery
of
the
West
Indies
,
or
from
Monopolies
and
Combinations
of
Merchants
and
Craf●smen
,
transportation
of
grain
,
or
from
the
pleasure
of
great
personages
,
who
●o
most
highly
rate
such
things
as
they
do
most
like
,
or
excess
in
private
persons
,
or
from
all
these
.
And
Gerard
Malines
,
a
Learned
knowing
and
judicious
Merchant
,
is
(
in
his
learned
Tract
or
Book
called
Lex
Mercatoria
,
written
in
Anno
1622.
of
opinion
that
the
General
dearth
of
all
things
within
this
Realm
,
where
there
is
no
scarcity
of
provisions
for
the
Back
and
Belly
,
&
yet
food
is
dear
,
and
there
is
a
dearth
,
proceeds
from
the
Husbandman
,
who
lays
the
fault
upon
the
Noblemen
and
Gentlemen
for
raising
of
their
Rents
,
taking
of
Farms
into
their
hands
,
and
making
of
inclosures
,
Noblemen
and
Gentlemen
,
alleaging
the
fault
to
be
in
Merchants
and
Artificers
for
selling
things
dearer
then
in
times
past
,
which
caused
every
man
to
make
the
most
of
his
own
,
and
the
Artificers
and
workmen
raising
their
wages
when
they
do
buy
all
things
dearer
.
To
which
the
Merchants
in
their
ordinary
and
lawful
course
of
Trade
and
Merchandize
(
without
those
lately
practised
illegal
waye●
of
Ingrossings
,
when
as
one
having
bought
up
all
the
Pepper
which
was
in
London
,
and
recruiting
and
adding
more
unto
it
,
made
thirty
thousand
pounds
clear
gain
thereof
)
being
more
to
be
tollerated
then
other
men
,
in
regard
of
the
hazard
of
Seas
,
Pirates
and
Imbargoes
which
many
times
attends
their
business
and
affairs
do
but
very
little
contribute
,
but
the
disease
and
evil
is
more
intrinsicke
within
our selves
and
at
home
,
and
proceeds
(
where
it
is
not
upon
scarcity
as
of
Corn
,
&c.
which
happeneth
not
often
nor
continueth
long
)
not
from
the
increase
of
money
or
people
,
but
of
pride
,
selfishness
,
oppressing
of
one
another
,
and
the
non-execution
of
many
good
Laws
which
are
yet
in
force
and
unrepealed
,
as
may
evidently
appear
to
any
that
will
but
look
back
and
su●vey
our
Bigone
and
former
times
.
For
although
money
which
notwithstanding
the
opinion
of
some
learned
men
that
pecunia
was
derived
a
pecude
from
the
use
of
Cattle
in
exchange
of
other
commodities
,
was
as
anciently
in
use
as
the
times
of
Abraham
and
Jacob
,
be
as
it
hath
of
long
time
been
in
this
and
many
other
pa●ts
of
the
world
,
the
exchange
rule
or
measu●e
in
commutations
and
commerce
,
and
should
be
in
some
sort
the
Par
in
the
prices
or
rates
of
all
Commodities
to
be
bought
or
exchanged
by
it
,
yet
the
avarice
and
craft
of
people
,
never
satisfied
with
gaining
advantages
one
upon
another
,
the
power
of
some
,
and
weakness
of
others
in
Estate
or
Judgements
,
have
so
far
transgressed
the
rules
which
ought
to
be
in
that
measure
,
or
the
Justice
which
every
man
owes
one
to
another
,
an●
to
do
as
they
would
be
done
unto
,
as
the
plenty
or
want
of
money
not
abased
or
corrupted
,
is
seldom
(
as
to
the
generality
)
the
cause
of
the
dearness
or
cheapness
of
things
▪
and
if
it
could
so
happen
or
appear
to
be
so
,
neither
of
them
can
be
any
causa
potens
,
an
onely
or
meer
cause
in
it self
of
the
dearth
or
cheapness
,
or
the
excessiveness
of
the
prices
or
rates
of
provisions
to
be
bought
or
provided
with
it
.
It
being
not
to
be
denyed
but
that
the
scarcity
or
want
of
money
doth
many
times
enforce
a
Tenant
to
sell
his
Corn
or
Cattle
at
cheaper
rates
and
prices
then
he
otherwise
would
do
,
whereby
to
be
able
to
pay
his
Landlord
his
Rent
at
the
time
appointed
;
or
an
Indebted
Gentlemen
to
sell
his
Lands
much
beneath
the
worth
or
true
value
of
it
,
to
avoid
greater
inconveniences
,
or
●edeem
himself
out
of
the
Pawes
of
a
Panther
like
usurer
,
and
his
biting
Interest
;
and
that
the
plenty
of
mony
at
the
same
time
in
the
buyer
,
makes
it
to
be
much
cheaper
unto
him
then
otherwise
it
would
have
been
,
and
renders
the
scarcity
or
want
of
money
in
the
one
,
and
the
plenty
of
it
in
the
other
,
to
be
a
cause
of
the
small
rate
or
price
of
the
commodity
,
or
that
which
is
sold
;
and
howsoever
it
be
admitted
that
the
prices
and
rates
of
commodities
or
things
to
be
bought
with
money
,
may
sometimes
have
a
respect
or
regard
to
the
true
and
intrinsick
value
of
the
Coin
or
money
which
is
to
be
given
for
it
;
and
that
at
some
times
there
may
be
more
mony
or
Coin
in
a
Kingdom
then
there
is
or
can
be
at
another
time
,
yet
that
grand
Witch
or
Inchantress
which
insinuates
it self
into
most
mens
loves
and
affections
(
the
small
and
contemptible
(
the
more
is
the
pitty
)
society
of
Scholars
,
Philosophers
and
Vertuosi's
onely
excepted
)
is
so
predominant
and
powerful
,
as
Auri
sacrafame●
,
the
greedy
appetite
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
and
the
insatiablenes
thereof
veri●ying
the
long
ago
experimented
saying
of
the
Poet
,
that
Crescit
amor
nummi
quantum
ipsa
pecunia
crescit
.
the
love
of
money
increaseth
as
the
money
doth
,
will
not
allow
us
to
believe
that
there
is
no
hoarding
or
keeping
it
from
the
knowledge
or
use
of
others
,
or
that
there
is
such
an
equal
distribution
of
it
,
that
every
one
like
the
children
of
Israel
gathering
their
Manna
in
the
Desert
,
might
go
out
and
fill
their
Homers
,
or
as
much
as
might
be
sufficient
for
their
necessary
provisions
,
when
this
age
wherein
we
live
hath
told
us
,
that
Sir
William
Craven
an
Alderman
of
London
,
could
besides
a
great
estate
purchased
in
Land
,
leave
at
his
death
in
money
four
hundred
thousand
pounds
,
which
was
more
overplus
and
spare
money
then
all
the
men
in
that
large
County
of
York
,
from
whence
originally
he
came
,
could
make
or
cast
into
a
Treasury
.
That
Sir
William
Cokaine
an
Alderman
of
London
,
could
within
a
few
yeers
after
,
notwithstanding
great
portions
given
unto
two
of
his
daughters
in
marriage
,
the
one
unto
a
Baron
,
&
the
other
unto
an
Earl
,
dye
possessed
of
a
personal
Estate
worth
200000
l.
and
seised
of
such
an
Estate
of
Inheritance
of
his
own
getting
,
as
enabled
his
son
to
be
made
an
Irish
Viscount
,
which
was
more
then
all
the
men
in
the
County
of
Bedford
,
from
whence
he
was
discended
,
could
have
made
in
overplus
and
spare
money
;
and
that
Paul
Bayning
an
Alderman
of
London
,
could
about
the
same
time
,
besides
an
Estate
in
Land
of
inheritance
,
of
almost
six
thousand
pound
per
annum
,
make
a
totall
of
his
personal
Estate
,
of
about
one
hundred
and
fourty
thousand
pounds
,
which
was
as
much
or
more
then
many
thousand
men
in
the
County
of
Essex
could
above
their
necessary
expences
make
in
●n
overplus
or
sum
of
money
.
And
that
if
money
were
in
England
,
as
plentiful
as
it
was
in
Jerusalem
in
the
happy
Raign
of
the
wise
King
Solomon
,
when
it
was
said
to
be
in
as
much
abundance
as
the
stones
in
the
streets
,
yet
if
Corn
,
Cattel
,
and
food
should
be
scarce
,
the
greatest
plenty
of
money
we
can
imagine
would
not
deliver
us
from
that
dearth
which
was
in
that
Kingdom
,
not
many
years
after
,
when
Samaria
was
besieged
,
making
the
excessive
rates
of
an
Asses
head
,
and
a
Kab
of
Pigeons
Dung
;
and
whether
money
be
scarce
or
plentiful
,
if
there
should
be
a
famine
as
it
was
in
Israel
when
there
had
been
no
rain
in
three
years
,
when
the
heavens
were
as
brass
,
and
the
fruits
of
the
earth
failed
,
no
man
can
with
any
reason
believe
that
the
great
rates
or
prices
of
Corn
,
Victuals
,
and
houshold
provisions
were
because
there
was
plenty
of
Gold
&
Silver
,
for
if
there
be
a
scarcity
of
the
thing
to
be
bought
,
it
must
be
the
want
of
that
,
and
not
the
abundance
of
money
that
makes
the
dearness
,
which
if
it
be
never
so
much
cannot
increase
that
little
that
is
of
the
Commodity
or
thing
to
be
bought
,
nor
the
want
of
money
make
it
to
be
any
cheaper
;
the
want
or
plenty
of
it
contributing
in
such
a
case
nothing
at
all
to
the
making
that
to
be
dear
,
which
when
there
is
more
of
it
,
will
be
sold
at
a
cheaper
rate
&
for
a
little
money
,
&
whether
they
that
are
to
buy
it
have
little
or
more
of
money
,
the
want
of
money
constraining
him
that
sells
to
sell
cheaper
,
and
the
great
store
of
money
,
sometimes
but
not
often
or
generally
perswading
the
buyer
to
give
more
then
one
that
hath
not
so
much
,
will
be
d●awn
to
give
for
it
.
For
as
it
is
true
that
in
Virginia
where
their
principal
Barter
or
Exchange
is
by
Tobacco
instead
of
money
,
and
is
there
many
times
used
as
their
Coyn
or
money
;
that
where
any
man
there
is
in
want
of
Tobacco
,
and
must
needs
have
it
,
he
will
be
willing
to
give
more
Beavers
Skins
,
or
any
other
commodities
which
he
hath
for
it
,
then
he
would
otherwise
do
if
Tobacco
were
more
plentiful
or
easier
to
be
had
.
And
as
certain
likewise
that
when
there
is
great
store
of
Tobacco
,
and
it
is
(
in
the
language
of
Merchants
and
Tradesmen
)
but
as
a
Drug
and
of
little
price
or
value
,
there
will
not
be
so
much
of
other
things
or
commodities
given
for
it
.
So
it
will
be
as
true
and
certain
that
there
is
in
no
Kingdom
or
Country
of
Christendom
,
especially
in
our
Brittain
and
other
world
where
(
howsoever
some
Cosmographers
and
Chartes
or
Mapps
,
would
by
a
great
mistake
make
Gold
to
be
a
Native
)
the
Sun
is
not
so
amorous
as
to
beget
us
Mines
of
Gold
,
nor
is
there
any
probability
that
there
ever
were
any
,
neither
is
there
any
Tagus
or
River
bringing
any
golden
Sands
along
with
it
.
And
that
which
we
have
of
Silver
is
but
rarely
and
seldom
intermixed
,
and
lurking
in
our
Mines
of
Lead
;
there
can
be
no
ground
for
our
belief
or
reason
that
there
should
be
such
a
disesteem
or
under
valuing
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
in
regard
of
any
plenty
of
it
,
as
was
amongst
the
Americans
or
West
Indians
,
when
they
would
give
great
quantities
of
it
for
Knives
,
Beads
,
or
other
Toys
which
the
novelty
of
them
or
their
desires
to
have
them
,
made
to
be
pretious
,
or
that
there
should
ever
be
such
a
surfet
of
Gold
and
Silver
which
most
of
the
sons
of
men
do
desire
to
get
or
keep
,
as
to
make
all
things
dear
which
are
to
be
bought
with
it
,
or
to
hinder
that
cheapness
of
things
to
be
bought
with
it
,
which
will
be
of
necessity
where
there
happens
to
be
an
abundance
,
which
is
the
true
and
never
failing
cause
of
cheapness
abstracted
and
altogether
a
stranger
to
any
supposed
plenty
of
money
,
neither
the
want
of
money
or
plenty
of
it
,
being
generally
any
sole
proper
or
efficient
cause
of
cheapness
or
dearness
,
which
residing
in
the
commodity
to
be
bought
or
fold
tanquam
in
subjecta
materia
,
as
in
its
matter
or
subject
regulates
and
makes
the
price
when
there
are
no
fraudes
or
Artifices
to
disturbe
it
according
as
there
is
a
scarcity
or
plenty
of
that
which
is
to
be
bought
or
sold
,
which
is
the
cause
that
the
scarcity
of
money
hath
not
in
all
ages
made
or
enforced
a
cheapness
of
commodities
or
houshold
provisions
to
be
bought
with
it
,
nor
a
plenty
of
money
made
a
dearness
or
enhaunce
of
prices
,
nor
any
thing
like
or
within
many
degrees
of
that
which
is
n●w
or
●ath
been
within
forty
years
last
past
,
and
they
therefore
will
err
toto
Caelo
,
who
by
misplacing
th●
cause
,
would
make
the
plenty
or
scarcity
of
the
mensura
or
money
to
be
either
the
cause
of
the
scarcity
or
plenty
,
dearness
or
cheapness
of
the
Mensurata
or
things
to
be
bought
with
it
,
as
by
a
retrospect
into
the
course
of
former
times
and
ages
may
be
plainly
manifested
.
Where
we
may
find
the
Britaines
when
the
Barbarians
drave
them
back
to
the
Sea
,
and
the
Sea
put
them
back
to
the
Barbarians
,
grievously
tormented
with
a
famine
and
mortality
which
raged
in
the
Land
;
and
with
great
desolations
wrought
by
that
dearth
,
Hig●on
in
●ibli●●●eca
Cattoni●na
.
and
after
they
had
by
repressing
their
enemies
gained
some
peace
,
and
that
produced
such
a
plenty
and
abundance
of
all
things
,
as
the
like
before
no
age
had
seen
,
to
have
faln
into
great
Riots
and
Excesses
,
plenty
of
money
(
there
being
then
none
or
little
in
the
Land
)
not
being
any
cause
of
the
dearth
or
scarcity
,
nor
scarcity
of
the
mony
of
the
plenty
of
provisions
.
The
Saxons
being
oppressed
with
the
invasion
of
the
Danes
,
and
enforced
to
pay
them
a
Composition
of
sixteen
thousand
pounds
,
shortly
after
twenty
thousand
pounds
,
afterwards
twenty
four
,
then
thirty
,
and
lastly
fourty
thousand
pounds
,
untill
all
the
Land
was
emptyed
of
all
her
Coyne
,
did
not
find
their
Victuals
to
be
cheap
in
regard
of
their
want
of
money
,
but
Victuals
and
all
things
to
be
bought
with
it
to
be
dear
by
reason
of
the
spoil
of
wars
and
Murrain
of
Cattel
.
And
they
having
in
Anno
Domini
1066
▪
met
with
Talions
Law
,
and
the
Divine
vindicta
,
or
punishment
for
their
perfidiousness
to
the
Britaines
hastened
by
their
excess
of
pride
,
the
women
wearing
as
Ordericus
vitalis
,
a
contemporary
of
William
the
Conqueror
tells
us
far
longer
Trains
or
Garments
then
was
necessary
,
and
the
men
striving
to
overtake
the
pride
and
vanity
of
Absolom
in
his
hair
or
Bush
of
Excrement
,
and
so
subdued
and
conquered
as
they
were
enforced
to
be
shaved
and
wear
their
hair
shorter
,
their
Lands
being
given
away
to
his
Normans
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
extirped
,
many
of
the
common
people
glad
to
be
vassals
and
Tenants
to
those
Lands
which
before
were
their
own
,
and
had
nothing
to
recompence
their
losses
,
but
the
retaining
of
their
good
old
Laws
;
and
their
Masters
and
Conquerors
having
gathered
all
the
money
and
riches
of
the
Kingdom
into
their
Chests
and
possessions
,
there
was
,
after
the
harrassed
English
had
gained
some
peace
,
and
that
the
long
languishing
Olive
branches
began
again
to
recover
their
Sap
and
Verdure
,
so
small
an
improvement
of
the
rent
of
Land
amongst
the
Normans
plenty
of
money
as
in
the
valuation
of
Lands
in
the
sixteenth
year
of
the
raign
of
William
the
Conqueror
,
there
was
such
a
wonderful
small
value
put
upon
Lands
,
fifty
or
sixty
and
more
to
one
less
then
it
is
now
(
the
commodities
and
Cattel
raised
thereupo●
,
being
in
all
probability
proportionable
thereunto
)
as
in
Drayton
no
unfruitful
place
in
Cambridgeshire
,
Hist.
Ingulph
.
&
libe●
Censualis
,
or
Domesday
.
the
Abbot
of
Croyland
had
fourteen
or
fifteen
yard
Lands
,
twelve
Villaines
,
three
Bordmen
,
three
Soccage
Tenants
and
two
Meadows
,
which
in
the
time
of
Edward
the
Confessor
,
were
of
the
value
of
five
pounds
per
annum
,
and
at
that
time
but
four
pounds
and
ten
shillings
.
In
the
Raign
of
King
Henry
the
first
,
which
began
his
Raign
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
one
thousand
one
hundred
,
when
the
Normans
had
something
more
improved
their
Lands
and
possessions
,
their
plenty
of
money
made
out
of
the
English
miseries
,
In
ingro
lib.
Sceti
.
&
in
glossar
Henrici
Spelman
in
voce
Fi●ma
.
did
not
banish
their
cheapness
of
victuals
and
provisions
,
but
left
them
at
those
small
rates
of
one
shilling
for
the
Carcase
of
an
Ox
,
and
four
pence
for
a
sheep
,
and
no
more
for
the
Provender
of
twenty
horses
,
the
Denarius
or
English
penny
then
being
probably
as
the
Roman
which
was
but
the
fourth
part
of
an
ounce
of
Silver
which
in
coyn
or
money
made
no
more
then
twenty
pence
.
In
the
latter
end
of
the
Raign
of
King
Richard
the
first
,
who
began
his
Raign
in
Anno
Domini
,
one
thousand
one
hundred
eighty
nine
,
Ho●eden
part
posterior
,
424.
and
after
his
redemption
from
his
imprisonment
by
the
Emperor
of
Germany
in
his
return
from
the
Holy
Land
,
when
money
was
so
scarce
in
England
as
to
make
up
the
sum
of
one
hundred
thousand
Marks
for
his
ransome
,
the
Church
Plate
and
Chalices
were
pawned
,
an
Oxe
or
Cow
was
but
of
the
price
of
four
shillings
,
a
Hogg
ten
pence
,
a
sheep
of
the
finer
Wooll
ten
pence
,
and
six
pence
of
the
courser
.
In
the
Raign
of
King
Edward
the
first
,
whose
raign
commenced
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
God
one
thousand
two
hundred
fifty
two
,
when
there
was
as
much
plenty
of
mony
as
peace
,
and
an
increase
of
Trade
under
his
●appy
and
prudent
Government
,
Scotland
conquered
and
subdued
,
and
such
a
plenty
of
money
,
as
some
Esterlings
or
men
of
Germany
,
from
whom
our
Sterling
money
is
well
conjectured
by
Sir
Henry
Spelman
,
to
receive
its
denomination
)
were
here
imployed
to
coyn
our
money
;
the
Market
price
of
an
Oxe
was
eight
shillings
and
six
pence
;
twenty
six
seames
(
or
sums
or
horse-loads
,
or
quarters
)
of
Barley
was
at
fourty
three
shillings
,
Extent
m●ne
〈◊〉
de
●i●burgh
p●incipis
,
27.
E.
1.
a
quarter
of
Oats
for
fourteen
pence
;
and
the
yearly
value
of
an
Acre
of
Meadow
was
in
Buckinghamshire
,
apud
altum
firmam
,
at
the
Rack
,
but
eight
pence
per
Acre
,
and
so
small
a
power
had
the
plenty
of
mony
then
upon
the
price
of
victuals
,
as
upon
the
payment
of
mony
agreed
to
be
paid
upon
a
Bond
or
Deed
(
which
was
not
likely
to
be
for
any
long
time
)
as
the
Case
at
Law
tempore
,
E.
1.
Cited
in
9.
E.
4.
informs
us
the
price
of
a
quarter
of
Barley
,
which
was
at
the
time
of
the
making
of
the
Bond
or
Deed
but
three
shillings
a
quarter
,
was
before
the
time
of
payment
for
it
,
In
qu●t●am
baga
entitulat
.
Rageman
apud
Recept
.
Sc●i●
.
come
to
be
thirty
and
two
shillings
a
quarter
,
which
might
happen
from
some
other
causes
,
and
not
at
all
by
reason
of
any
extraordinary
store
of
money
which
the
Kingdom
was
then
blessed
withal
.
In
the
eighth
year
of
the
Raign
of
King
Edward
the
second
,
which
was
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
God
one
thousand
three
hundred
and
fifteen
,
a
Parliament
was
assembled
at
London
,
where
all
or
most
of
the
Prelates
and
great
Lords
of
England
,
were
with
the
Commons
assembled
,
●aith
,
Thomas
Walsingham
,
hist.
Ang●●ae
,
106
▪
ad
tractandum
de
statu
regni
&
alleviatione
rerum
venalium
(
a
matter
now
mo●e
then
ever
necessary
)
to
consult
of
the
State
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
the
taking
down
the
price
of
victuals
which
saith
Walsingham
was
then
so
high
,
ut
vix
posset
vivere
plebs
communis
,
as
the
common
people
could
scarce
live
,
and
would
have
been
in
a
worse
condition
if
the
Landlords
had
then
let
their
Lands
at
the
Rack
,
or
beyond
the
value
,
as
many
of
them
do
now
,
and
many
of
the
houshold
provisions
had
been
sold
as
they
are
now
more
then
twenty
times
,
and
others
ten
or
fifteen
times
more
then
they
were
then
,
where
it
was
ordained
that
an
Ox
not
fed
with
grain
,
should
be
sold
for
sixteen
shillings
,
and
if
with
grain
and
fat
for
four
and
twenty
shillings
,
and
no
more
;
a
fat
Cow
of
the
best
sort
for
twelve
shillings
,
a
fat
Hogg
of
two
years
old
three
shillings
and
four
pence
,
a
Mutton
fat
and
shorn
for
fourteen
pence
,
and
for
one
that
was
unshorn
,
one
shilling
eight
pence
,
a
Goose
for
two
pence
half
penny
,
a
Hen
for
a
penny
,
and
four
Pigeons
for
a
penny
.
And
though
immediately
after
in
the
same
year
there
followed
such
a
very
great
famine
,
as
Flesh
and
Corn
were
scarcely
to
be
had
,
Hens
and
Geese
seldom
found
,
Pigs
and
Swine
,
wanted
Food
,
and
Sheep
dyed
of
the
Rot
or
Murrain
,
yet
a
quarter
of
Malt
was
sold
for
a
Mark
,
and
a
quarter
of
Corn
for
twenty
shillings
;
and
upon
the
great
dearth
which
happened
in
the
next
year
after
,
making
such
a
famine
,
as
Horse-flesh
was
good
Diet
for
the
poor
,
and
causing
a
repeal
of
the
Act
of
Parliament
which
was
made
the
year
before
touching
the
price
of
Victuals
,
three
quarts
of
strong
Beer
was
then
sold
for
three
pence
,
and
of
small
for
two
pence
,
which
in
that
sad
and
horrid
famine
the
Magistrates
of
London
understood
to
be
so
unreasonable
,
as
they
prohibited
it
to
be
sold
at
so
high
a
rate
,
in
the
City
,
and
ordained
that
no
more
then
three
half
pence
should
be
taken
for
three
quarts
of
strong
Beer
,
and
a
penny
for
small
;
and
the
King
by
his
Proclamation
likewise
commanded
that
in
all
parts
of
the
Kingdom
three
quarts
of
Beer
should
not
be
sold
for
more
then
a
penny
.
In
the
21.
year
of
the
Raign
of
King
Edward
the
third
,
notwithstanding
any
enhaunce
of
prices
made
or
occasioned
by
the
great
famine
which
was
in
the
eight
and
ninth
years
of
the
Raign
of
King
Edward
the
second
his
Father
,
and
the
continuance
of
it
for
four
or
five
years
afterwards
by
reason
of
the
Murrain
of
Cattel
,
and
a
more
then
ordinary
unseasonableness
of
those
years
,
twenty
quarters
of
Corn
were
furnished
for
the
Kings
use
and
taken
by
the
Sheriff
of
Kent
at
eleven
shillings
the
quarter
,
as
appeareth
by
a
Tally
struck
fo●
the
payment
thereof
,
yet
extant
in
his
Majesties
Receipt
of
the
Exchequer
,
In
Rec●pt
Sca●ca●ii
.
and
although
that
in
the
year
next
following
by
reason
of
a
peace
with
France
,
and
the
great
victories
before
obtained
against
it
by
the
English
,
when
the
King
was
rich
and
the
people
rich
,
which
makes
a
Kingdom
compleatly
rich
,
with
the
riches
and
spoiles
gained
thereby
,
and
that
great
store
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
Plate
,
Jewels
,
and
rich
vestiments
sparsim
per
Angliam
in
singulorum
domibus
,
were
almost
in
every
house
in
England
to
be
found
,
and
that
in
the
23.
year
of
the
Raign
of
the
said
King
,
so
great
a
mortality
of
men
and
Cattle
happned
ut
vix
media
aut
decima
pars
hominum
remaneret
,
as
scarce
a
third
par●
and
as
some
were
of
opinion
,
not
above
a
tenth
part
of
the
people
remained
alive
,
which
must
needs
have
made
a
plenty
of
money
,
&
tunc
redditus
perierunt
,
saith
the
Historian
,
Walsingham
hist.
Angliae
,
168.
hinc
terra
ob
defectum
Colonorum
qui
nusquam
erant
remansit
inculta
tantaque
miseria
ex
bis
malis
est
secuta
quod
mundus
ad
pristinum
statum
redeundi
nunquam
postea
habuit
facultatem
,
insomuch
as
Rents
(
or
Tenants
)
for
Lands
were
not
to
be
had
,
the
Lands
for
want
of
husbandmen
,
remained
untilled
(
which
would
necessarily
produce
a
dearth
and
scarcity
of
Victuals
)
And
so
great
was
the
misery
as
the
Kingdom
was
never
like
to
recover
its
former
condition
.
And
that
in
the
25.
year
of
the
Raign
of
King
Edward
the
third
,
by
reason
of
the
Kings
coyning
of
groats
and
half
groats
,
Walsingham
hist.
Angl●ae
169.
less
in
value
then
the
Esterling
money
,
Victuals
were
through
all
England
more
dear
then
formerly
,
and
the
Workmen
,
Artificers
,
and
servants
raised
their
Wages
yet
in
Anno
12
R.
2.
though
there
was
a
great
dearth
,
yet
Wooll
was
sold
for
two
shillings
a
Stone
,
a
Bushel
of
Wheat
for
thirteen
pence
,
●h●onicle
or
hist.
of
England
,
166.
which
was
then
thought
to
be
a
great
rate
,
a
Bushel
of
Wheat
being
sold
the
year
before
for
six
pence
.
And
in
Anno
14.
of
King
R.
2.
in
an
account
made
in
the
Receipt
of
the
Exchequer
by
Roger
Durston
the
Kings
Bayliff
,
In
qua●am
●aga
〈◊〉
.
R●geman
in
Recept
.
Scacca●●i
he
reckons
for
three
Capons
paid
for
Rent
four
pence
half
penny
,
for
thirteen
Hens
,
one
shilling
and
seven
pence
,
for
a
P●ow●share
paid
for
Rent
eight
pence
,
and
for
four
hundred
Couple
of
Conies
at
three
pence
a
couple
,
one
hundred
shillings
.
In
Anno
2
H.
5.
the
Parliament
understood
four
pounds
thirteen
shillings
four
pence
to
be
a
good
yearly
a●lowance
or
salary
for
a
Chaplain
,
six
pounds
per
annum
for
their
Board
,
Apparrel
,
and
other
necessaries
;
and
being
to
provide
that
Jurors
which
were
to
be
impanelled
touching
the
life
of
man
Plea
Real
or
Forty
Marks
damage
should
be
as
the
Statute
of
42
E.
3.
c.
5.
required
men
of
substance
,
good
estate
and
credit
,
did
ordain
that
none
should
be
Jurors
in
such
cases
but
such
as
had
fourty
shillings
per
annum
in
Lands
above
all
charges
,
which
was
so
believed
to
be
a
good
estate
in
5
H.
8.
c.
5.
which
was
almost
one
hundred
years
after
,
as
the
Parliament
of
that
year
did
think
it
to
be
an
estate
competent
enough
for
such
kind
of
men
.
In
the
Raign
of
King
Henry
the
sixth
,
after
that
France
,
a
great
and
rich
neighboring
kingdom
was
wholy
conquered
and
possessed
by
the
English
,
who
had
not
then
learned
their
waste●ul
Luxuries
or
Mimick
fashions
,
and
could
not
with
such
an
increase
of
Dominion
and
so
great
spoils
and
riches
transported
from
thence
hither
,
but
be
abundantly
and
more
then
formerly
full
of
money
;
the
price
and
rates
of
Victuals
was
so
cheap
,
as
the
King
could
right
worshipfully
,
as
the
Record
saith
,
keep
his
Royal
Court
,
which
then
could
be
no
mean
one
with
no
greater
a
charge
then
four
and
twenty
thousand
pounds
per
annum
;
and
in
the
33.
year
of
his
raign
,
which
was
in
Anno
Domini
,
one
thousand
four
hundred
fifty
and
five
,
Rot.
Par●
▪
33.
H.
6.
by
assent
of
Parliament
granted
to
his
son
the
Prince
of
Wales
,
but
one
thousand
pound
per
annum
,
whilst
he
had
Dirt
and
Lodging
for
himself
and
his
servants
in
his
house
,
until
he
should
come
to
the
age
of
eight
years
,
and
afterwards
no
more
then
2000.
Marks
per
annum
for
the
charge
of
his
Wardrobe
,
Wages
of
servants
,
and
other
necessa●y
expences
,
whilst
he
remained
in
the
house
of
the
King
his
●ather
,
which
was
then
thought
sufficient
to
support
the
honor
and
dignity
of
the
Prince
and
heir
apparent
of
England
,
though
now
such
a
sum
of
money
can
by
some
one
that
m●ndeth
his
pleasure
more
then
his
estate
,
and
the
present
more
then
the
future
,
be
thrown
away
in
one
night
or
day
at
Cards
or
Dice
.
In
Anno
37
H.
6.
ten
pence
per
Acre
,
and
errable
Land
at
three
pence
.
In
the
22.
year
of
the
Raign
of
King
Edward
the
fourth
,
Ter●ino
P●●che
2●
.
●
.
●
.
which
was
●n
the
year
of
our
Lord
one
thousand
four
hundred
eighty
and
two
,
the
price
and
value
of
six
Oxen
was
at
the
highest
valuation
but
ten
pounds
.
In
the
seventh
year
of
the
Raign
of
King
H
▪
7.
which
was
in
Anno
Domini
one
thousand
four
hundred
ninety
and
two
,
Wheat
was
sold
at
London
for
twenty
pence
the
Bushel
,
which
was
then
accounted
a
great
dearth
,
and
three
years
after
for
six
pence
the
Bushel
;
Bay
Salt
for
three
pence
half
penny
,
Namp●wich
Salt
for
six
pence
the
Bushel
,
white
Herrings
nine
shillings
the
Barrel
,
red
Herrings
three
shillings
the
Cade
;
in
the
fifteenth
year
of
his
Raign
Gascoign
Wine
was
sold
at
London
for
fourty
shillings
the
Tun
;
and
a
quarter
of
Wheat
for
four
shillings
.
In
the
24.
year
of
the
Raign
of
King
Henry
the
8.
a
fat
Ox
was
sold
at
London
for
26
s.
&
an
half
peny
a
pound
for
Beef
and
Pork
,
In
the
fourth
year
of
the
Raign
of
Queen
Mary
,
which
was
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
God
one
thousand
five
hundred
fifty
and
seven
,
when
very
many
families
and
multitudes
of
the
people
of
England
had
been
but
a
little
before
greatly
monyed
&
enriched
by
the
lands
&
spoil
or
the
Monasteries
and
other
Religious
houses
and
their
large
possessions
,
Wheat
was
sold
before
Harvest
for
four
Marks
the
quarter
,
Malt
at
four
and
fourty
shillings
the
quarter
,
and
Pease
at
six
and
fourty
shillings
and
eight
pence
,
history
of
England
.
but
after
Harvest
Wheat
was
sold
at
London
for
five
shillings
the
quarter
,
Malt
at
six
shillings
eight
pence
;
and
Rye
at
three
shillings
four
pence
the
quarter
,
and
in
the
Country
Wheat
was
sold
for
four
shillings
the
quarter
,
Malt
at
four
shillings
eight
pence
,
and
in
some
places
a
Bush●l
of
Rye
for
a
pound
of
Candles
,
which
was
worth
but
four
pence
,
In
the
eighteenth
year
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
when
the
Act
of
Parliament
was
made
in
favour
of
the
two
Universities
of
Oxford
and
Cambridge
,
that
the
Colledges
and
Halls
should
take
a
third
part
of
their
rents
in
Corn
,
Malt
,
Eliz
cap.
6.
&c.
the
price
of
a
quarter
of
Wheat
was
valued
but
at
six
shillings
eight
pence
the
quarter
,
and
Malt
at
five
shillings
,
and
the
Tenants
or
Lessees
might
(
if
it
should
be
cheaper
)
make
their
election
to
pay
them
after
the
rate
as
it
should
be
the
next
Market
day
before
their
rents
should
grow
due
.
Anno
25.
Eliz.
four
good
Leggs
of
Mutton
could
be
bought
in
London
for
four
shillings
,
two
Roasting
Piggs
for
two
shillings
and
six
pence
,
four
Pullets
for
four
shillings
four
pence
,
and
four
Leggs
of
Pork
for
four
shillings
and
six
pence
,
which
may
prove
that
the
Compositions
for
Pourveyance
made
with
the
County
of
Essex
in
or
about
the
fourth
year
of
her
blessed
Raign
for
six
shillings
eight
pence
a
quarter
of
Wheat
,
six
shillings
eight
pence
for
a
Mutton
,
no
more
for
a
Pork
,
and
eighteen
pence
for
a
Hen
▪
was
if
not
more
or
as
much
,
but
a
very
little
below
the
Market
.
In
Anno
34.
Eliz.
after
her
many
glorious
successes
against
the
Spanish
King
,
with
whom
she
had
no
commerce
or
alliance
to
bring
any
fruits
of
his
golden
Mines
into
England
,
and
the
many
plunderings
and
ransackings
of
his
Indian
Treasurs
by
our
famous
Drake
,
and
his
worthy
contemporaries
in
their
high
adventures
,
and
the
enriching
of
our
Land
and
people
thereby
,
that
,
or
any
other
plenty
of
money
,
did
not
so
increase
(
if
at
all
it
had
been
able
)
our
Market
prices
,
for
food
and
houshold
provisions
,
but
that
they
might
be
bought
at
London
at
lesse
then
half
the
rate
they
are
now
at
,
and
the
whole
charges
of
a
plentiful
Dyet
for
a
society
of
twenty
four
Gentlemen
of
no
ordinary
quality
or
condition
with
Beef
,
Mutton
,
Beer
,
Bread
,
Rabits
,
Chickens
,
Geese
,
Capons
,
Piggs
,
Fish
,
Sawses
and
Oysters
,
and
the
charges
of
Fire
,
Washing
of
Table
Clothes
and
Napkins
,
the
Cooks
and
Butlers
Salaries
,
and
all
other
appu●tenant
expences
of
household
Provisions
,
with
Suppers
as
well
as
Dinners
came
then
by
the
week
but
unto
six
pound
five
shillings
and
fou●
pence
,
which
amounted
unto
very
little
more
then
five
shillings
a
man
.
In
Anno
43.
Eliz.
two
necks
of
Mutton
were
bought
for
one
shilling
and
ten
pence
,
and
four
large
Shoulders
of
Mutton
for
five
shillings
six
pence
,
and
a
weeks
Commons
for
the
same
society
and
number
of
quality
which
might
have
contented
Justices
of
Peace
and
men
of
worsh●p
,
came
but
to
eight
pound
ten
shillings
seven
pence
,
which
charged
every
man
with
little
more
then
seven
shill●ngs
a
peece
.
In
Anno
20.
Jac.
after
that
England
had
suffered
too
many
of
the
hungry
&
never
satisfied
Scotish
Nation
,
not
only
to
pertake
of
her
plenties
here
,
but
to
carry
home
all
the
monies
and
riches
which
an
over
kind
&
gracious
Soveraign
sending
away
few
of
their
desires
unanswered
,
had
so
liberally
distributed
amongst
them
,
and
the
more
then
formerly
profusions
&
expences
of
●ur
own
nation
,
making
such
a
scarcity
of
money
as
might
have
made
provisions
for
housekeeping
cheap
,
if
the
supposed
Rule
of
plenty
of
money
would
make
them
dear
,
the
rates
of
victuals
and
provisions
met
with
some
augmentation
notwithstanding
more
then
needed
.
And
in
quarto
Car.
primi
,
when
too
many
mens
unnecessary
expences
,
and
the
higher
rack
and
rent
of
Lands
had
informed
every
man
that
victuals
and
household
provisions
were
dearer
then
they
should
have
been
,
the
rates
and
prices
of
diet
and
houshold
provisions
be-but
a
little
more
advanced
.
And
the
stretch
of
prices
and
rates
of
victuals
and
houshold
provisions
,
from
that
time
keeping
pace
with
the
rack
and
increasing
of
Rents
,
or
rather
out
going
them
,
and
so
far
surpassing
the
bounds
of
reason
and
moderation
,
as
well
as
the
customs
and
usage
of
former
times
and
ages
,
as
a
Tenant
by
several
Leases
of
a
Farm
in
the
County
of
Essex
,
almost
fourty
miles
distant
from
London
of
no
extraordinary
Lands
,
being
raised
since
the
beginning
of
the
Raign
of
King
James
from
five
and
twenty
pounds
per
annum
,
to
eight
&
thirty
pounds
per
annum
,
after
that
to
sixty
pounds
per
annum
,
was
most
unconscionably
turned
out
of
his
Farm
this
present
yeer
,
because
he
could
not
afford
to
give
his
●acking
Landlord
,
one
hundred
Marks
per
annum
,
and
too
many
of
the
Landlords
,
Tenants
,
and
Selle●s
vying
who
should
most
drain
and
disadvantage
the
purses
of
the
buyers
,
or
those
which
had
need
of
their
Lands
or
Commodities
(
as
if
God
Almighty
the
revenger
of
oppressions
and
relief
,
at
one
time
or
another
,
or
by
one
way
or
another
of
such
as
suffer
by
it
,
had
onely
made
and
ordained
mankind
to
devour
and
take
advantages
one
of
another
)
have
so
brought
the
Markets
and
prices
of
houshold
provisions
,
from
those
formerly
more
moderate
,
gentle
and
easie
to
those
immoderate
and
unconscionable
rates
which
are
now
imposed
upon
the
buyers
,
as
we
may
plainly
see
from
whence
they
do
proceed
,
and
that
the
raising
and
increase
of
the
price
of
the
ounce
of
Silver
could
not
cause
or
effect
them
.
For
although
that
our
Denarius
,
both
Anglo
,
Saxonick
and
Norman
had
more
weight
and
Silver
in
it
when
the
ounce
of
Silver
was
valued
but
at
twenty
then
when
it
was
at
thirty
pence
,
and
that
had
more
weight
and
Silver
in
it
then
when
it
was
at
fourty
or
five
and
fourty
pence
,
then
as
it
is
now
at
five
shillings
the
ounce
,
and
that
a
Denarius
or
English
peny
,
is
but
now
the
sixtieth
part
of
an
ounce
;
and
that
when
it
was
in
the
raign
of
King
Henry
the
sixth
,
raised
to
thirty
pence
the
ounce
,
in
regard
of
the
enhauncing
of
mony
in
foraign
parts
,
&
that
our
Denarius
or
penny
passed
as
Mr.
Malines
saith
in
his
Lex
Mercatoria
for
three
half
pence
,
and
in
the
raign
of
King
Edward
the
fourth
for
two
pence
,
when
the
ounce
of
Silver
was
raised
to
fourty
pence
,
and
so
continued
untill
the
raigns
of
King
Edward
the
sixth
and
Queen
Elizabeth
,
Philippus
Caesius
a
Zesen
in
Leone
Belgico
.
or
Paper
for
money
,
and
not
onely
promised
but
at
the
raising
of
the
siege
rendred
them
in
good
money
as
much
as
that
went
or
was
taken
for
,
or
as
our
King
James
did
when
he
made
good
Queen
Elizabeths
promise
,
and
paid
good
money
for
that
Copper
or
base
money
which
her
necessities
in
the
Irish
wars
had
made
use
of
for
the
present
,
or
as
our
farthing
Tokens
or
brass
did
no
hurt
but
a
great
deal
of
good
when
they
went
for
more
then
the
intrinsick
worth
or
value
:
And
therefore
such
high
rates
and
prices
of
victuals
and
houshold
provisions
may
well
be
understood
to
be
the
product
of
other
causes
,
and
not
of
any
plenty
of
money
which
could
not
cause
either
a
scarcity
of
provisions
(
which
is
one
of
the
grand
causes
of
high
rates
and
prices
)
or
when
there
is
a
plen●y
of
provisions
enforce
any
great
rates
and
prices
for
them
.
But
if
it
should
be
otherwise
,
and
that
the
valuing
of
Coyn
,
above
their
true
and
real
values
should
have
no
small
influence
upon
the
prices
and
rates
of
food
and
houshold
provisions
,
yet
they
did
not
always
proceed
passibus
aequis
,
keep
even
pace
one
with
another
,
when
as
from
the
ra●sing
of
the
ounce
of
Silver
to
fourty
five
pence
;
those
peices
of
Coyn
which
went
before
for
a
penny
,
were
as
Mr.
Malines
saith
,
taken
in
payment
in
the
Raigns
of
King
Henry
the
eighth
,
Edward
the
sixth
,
and
Queen
Mary
for
two
pence
,
and
when
the
ounce
of
Silver
came
to
be
five
shillings
or
sixty
pence
in
the
Raign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
went
for
three
pence
though
it
waighed
but
a
penny
waight
,
the
prices
or
rates
of
victuals
and
houshold
prov●sions
would
not
keep
company
with
the
intrinsick
value
of
the
money
;
but
conten●ing
themselves
with
the
denomination
or
what
it
was
then
or
is
since
onely
curr●nt
for
,
are
at
this
day
gone
excessively
beyond
the
rise
of
the
ounce
of
Silver
,
&
so
unreasonably
as
they
do
exceed
all
measure
and
reason
;
&
those
proportions
which
were
formerly
holden
betwixt
the
coyn
and
the
Bullion
;
and
Master
Malines
in
his
book
called
Lex
Mercatoria
,
attributting
all
or
or
the
most
part
of
the
dearness
of
all
sorts
of
houshold
provisions
to
the
raising
of
the
Rents
of
Lands
,
Gerard
Malines
Lex
Mercatoria
,
47.
&
147.
will
hardly
be
able
to
reconcile
that
contradiction
with
what
he
seemeth
at
the
same
time
to
be
very
positive
in
,
that
according
to
plenty
or
scarcity
of
mony
,
commodities
,
do
▪
generally
become
dear
or
good
cheap
;
and
that
so
it
came
to
pass
of
late
years
that
every
thing
is
enhaunced
in
price
by
the
aboundance
of
Bullion
moneys
which
come
from
the
West
Indies
into
Europe
,
and
the
money
it self
being
altered
by
valuation
,
caused
the
measure
to
be
made
lesser
,
whereby
the
number
did
increase
to
make
up
the
tale
,
being
augmented
by
denomination
from
twenty
to
forty
,
and
in
later
years
,
from
forty
five
to
sixty
,
it
being
always
to
be
remembred
that
the
rareness
or
scarcity
of
every
thing
doth
augment
the
value
,
and
that
it
is
the
value
which
begets
an
esteem
and
makes
it
precious
,
and
that
Silver
being
in
the
infancy
of
the
world
very
much
esteemed
and
valued
,
and
hath
to
the
decrepit
and
old
age
of
the
world
more
&
more
increased
its
value
and
esteem
,
the
rising
of
the
price
or
rate
of
the
ounce
of
Silver
by
King
Henry
the
sixth
,
King
Henry
the
eight
,
and
Queen
Elizabeth
might
as
well
proceed
from
the
scarcity
of
it
,
as
from
any
policy
or
reason
of
State
to
keep
our
Silver
at
home
,
and
not
permit
it
to
be
carryed
away
by
Foraign
Princes
enhances
,
or
putting
a
denomination
upon
it
over
and
above
its
real
value
,
or
to
keep
the
ballance
of
Trade
and
Commerce
even
betwixt
us
and
them
;
and
that
as
it
hath
been
rationally
enough
said
by
some
that
the
denomination
of
coyn
passeth
by
the
connivance
of
the
Magistrate
insensibly
,
and
as
much
without
damage
or
inconvenience
to
the
people
,
as
the
permissive
monies
have
done
amongst
Brokers
and
Merchants
Cashiers
,
and
as
it
is
now
daily
experimented
by
the
Brass
or
Copper
farthing
since
the
causeless
suspention
of
the
farthing
tokens
by
the
late
over
turning
Reformers
(
because
they
were
established
by
his
late
Majesties
Letters
Patents
,
or
upon
some
other
new
found
Politick
pretences
)
which
some
Tavern
keepers
and
Chandlers
do
take
the
boldness
to
stamp
with
an
inscription
of
their
own
names
and
places
of
abode
.
And
it
would
be
near
of
kin
to
a
wonder
,
&
the
reason
of
it
lye
everlastingly
hid
&
undiscovered
,
that
any
plenty
of
monys
here
should
so
swell
our
rates
and
prices
,
and
make
every
thing
dear
which
is
to
be
bought
with
it
,
and
make
a
plenty
of
provisions
to
be
as
a
scarcity
,
when
as
there
have
been
no
such
effects
or
consequences
thereof
found
amongst
other
Nations
.
For
the
Hollanders
who
by
the
Artifice
of
their
Banks
and
greatness
of
their
Trade
,
do
give
laws
to
all
the
commerce
and
money
of
Christendom
,
and
a
great
part
of
the
Pagan
Nations
,
and
in
their
long
wars
with
the
King
or
Spain
for
above
sixty
years
together
have
been
a
means
to
waste
&
consume
all
the
Gold
and
money
which
his
Indies
or
other
large
and
over
taxed
Dominions
could
furnish
,
and
had
it
spent
upon
or
amongst
them
,
and
having
little
Lands
of
their
own
,
but
much
of
their
provisions
and
victuals
from
the
neighboring
Countries
and
Nations
could
not
in
that
great
plenty
of
money
and
Trade
,
wherein
they
are
known
to
abound
,
live
so
cheaply
as
they
might
(
if
the
heavy
burden
of
continual
Taxes
and
Excise
which
are
there
the
onely
or
a
great
part
of
the
cause
of
their
dearness
were
separate
and
abstracted
from
the
natural
and
genuine
rates
and
prices
thereof
)
where
Fish
,
Fowl
,
Carrets
,
Turneps
,
Apples
,
Pears
,
and
many
other
houshold
provisions
,
are
(
notwithstanding
the
burden
of
their
Excise
)
much
cheaper
then
in
England
,
if
store
or
plenty
of
money
could
be
any
efficient
cause
of
high
rates
and
prices
for
victuals
and
houshold
provisions
.
In
France
the
Paysants
which
are
the
greatest
part
of
the
people
,
will
tell
us
that
there
is
mony
little
enough
,
and
that
there
would
(
if
it
were
not
for
their
Hydras
and
multitudes
of
Taxes
and
Gabels
)
be
cheapness
enough
of
all
manner
of
houshold
provisions
,
when
their
Wines
and
flesh
notwithstanding
that
or
any
supposed
plenty
of
money
are
cheap
enough
.
In
Scotland
the
moneys
and
riches
which
that
Nation
gained
from
England
by
King
James
his
coming
to
the
English
Crown
,
and
the
bounties
of
that
King
and
his
Son
King
Charles
the
Martyr
,
with
the
three
hundred
thousand
pounds
sterling
,
for
brotherly
assistance
given
to
a
factious
and
Rebellious
part
of
them
,
by
a
party
of
Covenanting
English
Rebels
,
to
ruine
their
King
and
the
race
and
posterity
of
their
benefactors
,
together
with
the
two
hundred
thousand
pounds
sterling
,
far
exceeding
the
pay
as
well
as
wickedness
of
their
Master
Judas
,
given
them
to
sell
their
pious
and
distressed
King
(
who
in
a
confidence
of
their
Covenanting
pretences
,
Faith
and
promises
had
fled
to
their
Army
for
refuge
,
which
with
the
help
of
his
loyal
English
subjects
might
easily
have
preserved
him
as
well
as
themselves
from
the
miseries
and
destruction
which
afterwards
happened
)
never
appeared
to
be
any
cause
of
the
dearness
of
victuals
and
houshold
provisions
more
then
ordinary
,
or
what
proceeded
from
other
accidents
or
causes
.
In
Germany
,
where
the
Bavarian
Silver
Mines
have
of
late
made
a
plenty
of
it
,
and
every
petty
Prince
and
principality
hath
a
regality
and
priviledge
of
coyning
,
their
Dollars
are
much
allayed
and
mixed
with
a
baser
mettal
,
and
their
Hanse
and
Imperial
Cities
do
enjoy
a
great
commerce
by
Sea
and
Land
,
they
do
not
complain
of
the
high
rates
and
prices
of
victuals
and
houshold
provisions
.
The
Kingdom
of
Sweden
whose
Copper
Mines
are
their
Indies
,
and
do
furnish
plenty
of
Copper
money
,
with
a
value
in
its
weight
and
materials
as
much
as
their
denominations
which
the
coyns
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
necessarily
requiring
an
allay
and
some
mixture
are
never
blessed
with
,
hath
in
a
plenty
of
that
base
money
,
no
high
rates
or
prices
upon
their
native
commodities
,
but
〈◊〉
reasonable
as
fish
enough
may
be
bought
for
three
pence
to
dine
twenty
men
.
Rome
which
receives
the
money
as
well
as
feet
of
many
strangers
,
is
the
Mart
or
Forum
for
the
dispatch
of
most
of
the
Ecclesiastical
,
and
too
much
of
the
civil
affairs
of
the
Catholike
Nations
,
and
by
her
claimed
Vicariat
or
Lieutenancy
from
Jesus
Christ
,
and
an
Empire
in
Ecclesiastical
affairs
hath
her
Taxes
,
Tenths
,
first
fruits
,
Oblations
,
Jubilees
,
Indulgences
,
pardons
,
and
other
attractions
of
money
,
large
Territories
,
Church
Land
Revenues
,
and
the
disposal
of
many
priviledges
and
principalities
,
and
famous
Channels
cut
for
the
Gold
and
Silver
of
the
Catholike
and
most
enriched
Nations
,
to
run
into
the
Ocean
of
its
ever
filling
and
never
emptying
Treasury
,
can
at
the
same
time
whilst
she
fits
as
Queen
and
delights
her self
in
the
several
Magazines
and
Store-houses
of
her
abundance
of
riches
,
enjoy
a
very
great
plenty
and
cheapness
of
houshold
provisions
.
The
Commonwealth
of
Venice
with
her
wonderful
Amass
of
Treasurs
,
by
which
she
hath
for
some
years
last
past
made
wars
with
the
g●and
Seignior
,
the
Behemoth
and
Leuiathan
of
the
East
doth
,
notwithstanding
as
she
did
before
those
wars
bless
her
inhabitants
with
a
competent
cheapness
.
The
Kingdom
of
Naples
and
Dutchy
of
Milan
who
with
their
Garrisons
and
Armies
of
Spaniards
to
the
natives
in
a
forced
and
unwilling
obedience
are
the
expenditors
and
wasters
of
much
of
the
King
of
Spaines
incomes
from
India
and
other
his
Dominions
,
do
not
finde
that
to
be
the
cause
or
occasion
of
any
dearth
or
high
prices
of
victuals
amongst
them
.
The
grand
Duke
of
Florence
with
his
great
commerce
and
riches
brought
into
that
Country
by
granting
of
great
priviledges
to
his
Port
of
Legorn
,
and
the
Merchants
of
other
Nations
trading
thither
,
filling
his
subjects
and
people
with
more
then
formerly
and
ordinary
plenty
of
money
did
not
thereby
so
establish
the
unhappiness
of
buying
their
victuals
and
provisions
at
unreasonable
prices
,
but
that
there
,
as
well
as
in
other
principalities
and
Provinces
of
Italy
(
which
by
the
Trade
of
Legorn
and
neighborhood
of
Rome
,
and
her
Ecclesiastical
Merchandize
are
greatly
enriched
)
there
is
so
little
reason
for
an
enhaunce
of
the
prices
and
rates
of
food
or
provisions
as
they
can
be
honest
gainers
by
an
easie
Banda
or
Reiglement
of
what
is
to
be
paid
for
them
.
In
Spain
where
the
common
people
do
onely
hear
of
the
arrival
of
many
millions
of
Gold
and
Silver
from
the
West
Indies
,
and
have
little
of
that
but
a
great
deal
of
black
money
or
Maravedis
,
their
great
rates
for
flesh
do
not
arise
from
the
abundance
of
their
money
,
either
of
the
one
kinde
or
of
the
other
,
but
from
the
barrenness
of
the
Country
and
the
little
use
thereof
,
procuring
no
dearness
in
their
Oranges
,
Olives
,
and
Lymmons
and
other
fruits
,
and
delicacies
of
that
mountainous
Country
.
In
the
East
Indies
which
is
one
of
the
Suns
darlings
,
whether
our
English
Merchants
carry
more
mony
then
they
should
,
&
where
their
mountains
&
hills
bring
forth
great
quantities
of
precious
stones
and
Jewels
,
Gold
and
Silver
,
and
bestows
upon
them
an
abundance
thereof
,
enough
to
adorn
themselves
and
the
people
of
the
utmost
Isles
,
there
are
no
high
rates
put
upon
food
or
victuals
.
In
China
,
where
there
is
no
want
of
money
,
they
have
Rice
and
other
meat
for
the
sustenance
of
man
very
cheap
,
and
to
be
had
for
almost
nothing
in
the
Philippina
Islands
,
three
Hens
were
sold
not
long
ago
for
a
Rial
,
which
is
no
more
then
six
pence
English
mony
;
a
Dear
for
two
Rials
,
and
a
Hogg
for
eighteen
.
And
our
Countriman
Mr.
Gage
in
his
journey
in
Anno
1625.
from
St.
John
de
Ulhua
to
Mexico
in
the
West
Indies
,
where
the
world
had
as
it
were
laid
up
its
Treasures
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
found
Beef
,
Mutton
,
Kid
,
Hens
,
Turkies
,
Fowles
and
Quailes
to
be
so
plentiful
and
cheap
as
he
was
astonished
at
it
,
nor
was
it
any
store
of
money
in
Virginia
,
which
heightened
there
for
some
times
the
prices
of
all
things
,
but
the
Merchants
giving
greater
sums
of
money
to
the
Savages
then
they
needed
,
neither
in
New
England
in
Anno
1636.
when
a
Cow
was
sold
for
two
and
twenty
pounds
,
which
the
next
yeer
after
upon
the
arrival
of
more
might
be
had
for
eight
pounds
.
And
as
little
is
any
supposed
plenty
of
money
in
old
England
,
when
three
millions
of
Gold
(
too
much
of
which
is
since
transported
)
were
coined
here
betwixt
the
yeers
1622.
and
1630
▪
and
two
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
annum
brought
hither
from
Spain
to
be
coined
for
some
years
betwixt
that
and
1640.
(
now
no
more
coming
so
long
a
voyage
to
our
Min●
)
the
cause
or
reason
of
those
excessive
and
intollerable
p●ices
and
rates
of
victuals
and
houshold
provisions
,
even
to
an
oppression
of
the
buyers
,
and
a
consumption
of
their
estates
,
making
the
greatest
most
universal
and
extended
g●ievances
and
oppression
of
the
Nation
.
When
as
there
is
and
hath
been
for
some
yeers
of
late
in
England
,
the
greatest
want
of
money
and
Trade
which
should
introduce
and
procure
it
that
ever
it
languished
and
groaned
under
for
three
hundred
years
last
past
,
by
an
universal
poverty
,
and
want
of
it
by
reason
of
twenty
years
great
and
heavy
Taxes
which
yearly
enforced
and
called
for
more
money
then
the
King
of
Spain
,
during
that
time
,
received
for
his
West
Indies
for
his
own
account
,
or
England
ever
paid
in
Taxes
,
all
being
summed
up
together
in
the
space
of
500.
years
before
,
together
with
a
gene●al
pride
&
luxury
since
wasting
and
carrying
away
that
little
that
was
left
of
our
money
,
whilst
all
or
the
most
of
our
Gold
have
been
inticed
and
transported
into
Foraign
Countries
by
reason
of
the
fineness
of
our
Standard
,
and
their
putting
a
greater
value
upon
our
coyne
,
much
of
our
Silver
hath
in
coyne
or
Plate
been
carried
into
Ireland
and
Scotland
,
and
from
thence
or
from
England
into
Foraign
parts
,
and
that
little
which
remained
of
it
together
with
a
great
part
of
our
Silver
converted
into
Gold
and
Silver
Lace
,
or
other
vain
and
needless
manufactures
,
some
millions
of
money
imployed
here
by
the
Dutch
at
interest
,
because
that
their
own
Country
,
yeelded
not
above
four
per
cent
.
for
it
,
called
home
and
taken
away
by
reason
of
our
distempers
and
troubles
,
the
bringing
of
interest
by
our
usu●ping
Legislators
to
six
per
cent
.
whereby
to
advance
the
sale
of
loyal
mens
lands
which
they
had
without
law
or
reason
taken
from
them
,
eighty
thousand
pounds
in
coyne
and
Silver
Bullion
,
or
Ingotts
of
our
small
●emainder
of
mony
yearly
carryed
out
of
England
by
our
East
Indian
company
into
the
East
Indies
or
Persia
,
to
purchase
Spices
&
many
superfluous
and
transmarine
commodities
,
without
which
our
forefathers
could
live
longer
,
more
plentifully
and
healthy
then
now
they
do
.
And
so
little
money
left
in
the
Nation
in
general
or
amongst
the
common
people
,
as
they
are
many
of
them
being
dragged
by
their
necessities
,
enforced
to
endure
the
greatest
bitings
and
extortions
from
the
Usurers
,
and
the
Cancer
or
Gangreen
of
Usury
&
Brokage
grown
so
high
and
intollerable
,
as
by
a
judicious
computation
lately
made
there
are
no
less
then
3000.
publike
and
private
Brokers
and
Harpies
in
and
about
the
City
of
London
,
taking
fourty
,
sixty
,
or
eighty
per
cent
.
far
exceeding
that
of
the
Jews
,
or
the
Caursini
,
when
they
to●m●nted
England
with
their
unmerciful
Usuries
untill
they
were
banished
many
of
our
Merchants
by
reason
of
the
adulterating
of
our
Commodities
,
and
taking
away
the
credit
of
them
,
or
by
the
inticements
of
an
unlawful
gain
buying
their
Corants
at
Zant
,
and
Silks
and
other
Commodities
in
the
Levant
and
Turky
,
with
pieces
of
eight
,
and
their
Deal
and
Timber
in
Norway
with
Dollars
,
which
hath
made
such
a
scarcity
and
want
,
as
all
the
Silver
money
coyned
in
the
Kingdom
by
the
late
Parliament
so
called
,
with
their
dolorous
Cross
and
ill
tuned
Harp
,
amounted
when
it
was
called
into
the
Mint
after
his
Majesties
restoration
to
no
more
,
with
some
store
of
Brass
,
Copper
,
or
Lead
counterfeit
money
crept
in
amongst
it
,
then
five
hundred
thousand
pounds
sterling
,
or
thereabouts
;
and
that
which
went
about
of
the
Coynes
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
King
James
,
and
King
Charles
the
Martyr
,
not
being
estimated
to
be
much
above
as
much
more
,
no●
making
a
total
with
both
,
included
together
of
more
then
a
million
and
a
half
of
sterling
monies
,
which
amongst
four
millions
of
people
,
if
that
should
be
the
account
of
the
number
of
the
inhabitants
,
men
,
women
and
children
in
England
,
there
being
not
likely
to
be
many
less
,
would
afford
but
seven
shillings
and
six
pence
to
every
one
,
and
if
the
money
in
the
Kingdom
should
as
some
have
guessed
it
more
at
random
,
then
upon
certainty
or
p●obability
amount
unto
twenty
seven
hundred
thousand
pounds
,
or
to
make
it
numerum
rotundum
,
for
the
more
even
and
easie
computing
of
it
three
millions
sterling
would
yeild
every
one
but
fifteen
shillings
,
which
renders
the
mony
of
the
kingdom
to
be
lamentably
scarce
&
too
little
for
the
people
,
&
may
without
the
blame
of
being
over
sanguine
or
credulous
induce
any
man
to
believe
that
the
credit
which
the
people
have
one
with
another
,
far
exceeds
the
money
of
the
Nation
,
that
they
which
are
any
thing
rich
in
the
Kingdom
,
the
Nobility
,
Gentry
,
and
such
as
live
upon
their
Lands
and
Estats
without
trading
onely
excepted
,
are
but
as
the
Pikes
in
the
Ponds
or
Rivers
which
devour
and
feed
upon
the
multitude
and
smaller
Frye
of
F●shes
,
that
there
is
no
such
plenty
of
money
now
in
England
,
when
poverty
and
want
are
as
Regiments
of
armed
men
breaking
in
upon
every
County
and
part
of
England
and
Wales
,
the
lamentations
of
the
poor
and
such
as
are
undone
for
want
of
trade
and
imployments
,
are
as
the
noise
of
many
waters
,
and
the
excessive
rates
and
prices
of
victuals
and
houshold
provisions
are
to
seek
for
some
other
causes
or
originals
,
then
a
supposed
plenty
of
money
,
when
as
there
is
no
housekeeper
but
feels
the
burden
and
smart
of
them
,
and
may
hear
almost
every
body
,
not
as
Usurers
which
do
it
to
conceal
their
money
from
such
as
might
over
importune
them
to
borrow
it
,
or
to
heighten
the
necessities
of
such
as
they
may
scrue
up
to
their
exactions
,
or
in
a
greedy
humor
or
appetite
never
think
they
have
money
enough
,
but
as
a
people
exhausted
and
impoverished
by
wars
and
luxury
,
lamenting
their
want
of
money
,
and
that
every
Town
,
Corporation
,
City
and
County
of
the
Kingdom
,
the
more
vain
and
prodigal
part
of
the
people
who
make
hast
to
spend
all
that
they
have
or
can
come
at
onely
exepted
have
too
many
symptomes
and
signs
of
a
poverty
and
want
of
Trade
,
and
tire
themselves
with
the
complaints
of
it
.
And
it
cannot
be
either
want
or
plenty
of
money
which
causeth
such
extraordinary
rates
and
prices
of
food
and
houshold
provisions
,
servants
and
workmens
wages
,
greatness
of
Rents
,
and
the
intollerable
and
unreasonable
prices
of
all
that
are
to
be
bought
either
for
the
Belly
or
the
Back
,
now
more
then
it
was
twenty
years
ago
,
and
then
more
then
it
was
some
hundred
years
before
,
making
the
sin
of
oppression
and
cozening
one
another
,
to
rise
like
the
waters
of
Noahs
Flood
prevailing
and
increasing
greatly
,
but
the
wickedness
in
the
hearts
of
men
doing
and
devising
evil
continually
,
oppressing
,
and
cheating
one
another
.
For
it
was
not
an
abundance
of
mony
that
hath
made
Beef
to
be
at
three
pence
,
Mutton
four
pence
a
pound
,
and
to
be
much
dearer
at
Christmas
and
other
Festivals
,
then
at
other
times
in
the
year
but
an
evil
custome
only
,
&
the
will
&
pleasure
of
the
Butchers
,
or
that
hath
raised
●he
Board
wages
of
a
Footmen
to
be
seven
shillings
and
a
valect
du
Chambre
or
extraordinary
Serving-man
ten
shillings
a
week
,
that
makes
good
Butter
to
be
at
nine
pence
a
pound
,
when
it
was
within
this
twenty
years
commonly
one
year
with
another
but
at
six
pence
per
pound
,
and
three
Eggs
a
g●oat
;
a
Maid-servants
wages
to
be
four
pounds
a
year
,
and
a
Ploughmans
five
or
six
pounds
a
yeer
,
but
because
the
Maids
will
wear
Silkes
and
Gold
and
Silver
Lace
,
and
the
Clowns
their
clothes
after
the
Gentlemans
mode
or
●ashion
,
or
that
hath
doubled
workmens
wages
,
but
because
they
will
eat
of
the
finest
sorts
of
meat
,
and
be
as
Trim
as
pride
and
Ribbons
can
make
them
.
That
causes
Milk
at
London
in
a
time
of
as
many
or
more
Cowes
and
Pasturage
then
ever
,
to
be
at
one
penny
a
qua●t
for
some
little
time
in
Summer
,
and
three
half
pence
and
some
times
seven
farthings
a
quart
all
the
year
after
,
when
as
Iohn
Stow
not
long
ago
deceased
,
hath
left
it
amongst
his
memorials
,
that
in
his
youth
he
fetched
many
a
half
penny
wo●th
of
Milk
from
a
Farm
by
the
Minories
near
London
,
and
never
had
less
then
three
Ale
pintes
for
a
half
penny
in
the
Summer
,
nor
less
then
two
Ale
pintes
for
a
half
penny
in
the
Winter
.
Nor
any
excess
of
money
that
brings
many
poor
Artizans
and
their
pittiful
fed
Families
to
do
suite
and
service
to
the
Chandlers
,
who
having
made
their
Mathematical
Lines
upon
their
Cheeses
,
can
enforce
them
to
be
content
with
such
small
penny
worths
of
that
,
and
such
farthings-worth
of
Butter
,
as
they
shall
think
fit
to
allow
them
.
No
such
scarcity
of
fruit
nor
store
of
mony
two
years
ago
amongst
Gallants
as
to
make
a
dozen
of
Pears
cost
six
and
thirty
shillings
,
or
of
Peermains
this
year
,
when
a
dozen
of
them
may
be
bought
by
others
for
a
penny
to
give
a
penny
a
peece
for
them
,
but
the
small
acquaintance
of
those
that
gave
it
with
their
forefathers
frugalities
.
Nor
any
discovery
of
a
new
Indies
or
Atlantick
Islands
that
makes
twenty
shillings
a
pound
to
be
given
for
Cherries
,
or
ten
shillings
a
peck
for
green
Pease
,
but
because
their
fancies
or
disorderly
appetites
will
not
tarry
untill
the
Markets
come
to
be
cheaper
,
when
Cherries
may
be
had
for
a
groat
a
pound
,
and
a
peck
of
as
good
or
better
Pease
for
the
same
price
,
and
can
give
twenty
shillings
for
a
small
Apricock
▪
or
Spring
Garden
Tart
,
when
the
next
morning
they
have
nothing
to
satisfie
the
men
of
Items
or
reckonings
for
their
long
forborn
and
clamorous
debts
.
No
increase
of
money
but
the
profusion
and
luxuria
Triumphans
of
the
times
we
now
live
in
,
which
(
by
a
peculiar
carelesness
of
our
Gentry
eating
their
meat
before
they
inquire
what
is
to
be
paid
for
it
,
which
all
other
Nations
do
as
much
abhor
as
wonder
at
)
hath
raised
the
reckonings
of
the
Vintners
who
can
sit
in
their
little
Sentry
houses
turning
over
the
leaves
of
their
Bibles
,
and
yet
as
if
they
were
to
be
the
Collectors
of
the
Devils
Revenues
can
multiply
their
Wine
as
they
finde
their
Guests
over
much
taken
with
it
,
and
increase
their
scores
according
as
the
company
are
careless
,
or
when
the
Gallants
are
willing
to
let
their
Mistresses
or
Dalilas
know
how
readily
they
can
expend
their
monys
in
those
or
the
like
exercises
,
&
never
be
daunted
at
a
reckoning
of
13
s.
4
d.
for
a
couple
of
green
Geese
,
when
they
were
every
where
to
be
met
withal
for
two
shillings
a
peice
,
ten
shillings
for
two
brace
of
Partriches
,
and
four
pound
for
a
Collar
of
Brawn
,
and
the
Cooks
so
unwilling
to
come
far
behind
them
as
to
think
themselves
not
paid
unless
they
may
have
three
shillings
six
pence
for
a
Neats
Tongue
and
Turnips
,
seven
shillings
for
a
Shoulder
of
Mutton
with
Oysters
,
for
a
Potage
thirty
shillings
,
eight
tame
Pigeons
eleven
shillings
,
dressing
a
dish
of
Carpes
fifteen
shillings
,
a
dish
of
Whitings
and
Flounders
ten
shillings
,
dressing
a
dish
of
Smelts
eight
shillings
,
for
a
Neck
of
Mutton
three
shillings
and
six
pence
,
a
Shoulder
of
Mutton
five
shillings
and
six
pence
,
and
for
a
Calves
head
hashed
ten
shillings
.
No
over
flowing
of
our
English
purses
which
hath
made
a
load
of
Wood
which
hath
been
bought
in
some
Woodland
Counties
of
England
within
the
memory
of
man
for
a
penny
a
load
as
much
as
six
Oxen
could
draw
,
to
be
now
seven
or
eight
shillings
a
load
,
but
the
devouring
Iron
works
and
the
scarcity
of
Wood
,
or
that
hath
made
our
Newcastle
Coles
when
they
are
now
at
the
cheapest
to
be
a
third
part
dearer
then
they
were
.
No
Surfeit
of
money
or
scarcity
of
horses
that
hath
brought
a
horse
within
these
twenty
years
last
past
,
from
ten
pounds
price
for
a
man
of
worship
or
good
estate
and
reputation
,
to
be
sold
for
twenty
,
thirty
,
fourty
or
fifty
pounds
,
and
sometimes
a
hundred
pound
,
though
they
be
onely
for
travailing
,
and
no
Barbary
or
Foraign
breed
,
or
race
horses
,
nor
could
they
be
really
so
much
worth
,
but
that
the
prices
are
onely
advanced
according
to
the
pride
,
humor
or
affection
of
some
,
and
imitated
and
brought
into
a
custome
by
others
who
were
loath
to
come
short
of
them
in
their
folly
,
which
makes
those
or
greater
prices
to
be
kept
up
or
demanded
by
the
subtil
Countrymen
or
sellers
,
who
by
such
indiscretions
and
humors
can
make
their
Market
advantages
greater
then
ever
they
were
before
.
Or
that
makes
in
our
greatest
want
of
money
a
Go●get
for
a
Lady
or
Gentlewoman
to
cost
eighty
or
one
hundred
or
two
hundred
pounds
,
and
a
yard
of
Flanders
or
Frenchified
Lace
,
at
the
rate
of
fou●ty
or
fifty
pounds
,
or
a
Lady
in
the
Country
to
●read
and
trample
upon
a
Gorget
which
her
husband
had
brought
her
from
London
,
because
it
had
not
cost
above
sixteen
pounds
,
or
a
young
Merchant
to
wear
a
Band
or
thirty
pound
price
,
when
as
twenty
pounds
per
annum
in
Fee
or
for
life
was
in
the
Parliament
of
primo
E.
2.
which
was
in
Anno
domini
1307.
accounted
to
be
a
good
Revenue
to
maintain
a
Knight
,
his
Lady
and
Family
in
a
worshipful
manner
,
and
keep
good
horses
,
men
and
Arms
for
the
service
of
his
Prince
and
Country
.
No
Inundation
of
money
from
Foraign
Countries
,
but
the
knavery
of
the
Tanners
and
Curriers
,
and
transportation
of
Leather
,
and
to
enable
the
Shoomakers
Wives
to
wear
Lace
upon
their
Gorgets
of
forty
shillings
a
yard
,
that
makes
a
Hide
of
Leather
which
within
the
memory
of
a
young
man
was
sold
for
twelve
shillings
,
now
to
cost
thirty
shillings
or
above
,
and
the
making
of
a
pair
of
Shooes
to
a
Journeyman
which
was
wont
to
be
for
five
pence
,
not
to
be
now
under
fourteen
pence
,
and
that
makes
our
Gentlemens
plain
Shooes
which
were
heretofore
sold
for
three
shillings
,
not
to
be
now
under
six
shillings
,
when
there
are
more
Cattle
killed
and
spent
then
ever
,
and
Boots
are
not
so
frequently
▪
worn
as
they
were
in
the
later
end
of
King
James
his
Raign
(
when
the
Spanish
Embassador
the
Conde
of
Gondomar
,
could
pleasantly
relate
when
he
went
home
into
Spain
,
that
all
the
Citizens
of
London
were
Booted
and
ready
as
he
thought
to
go
out
of
Town
)
and
that
for
many
years
since
all
the
men
of
the
Nation
as
low
as
the
Plowmen
and
meanest
Artizans
which
walked
in
their
Boots
,
a●e
now
with
the
fashion
returned
again
as
fo●merly
to
Shooes
and
Stockings
.
Neither
is
it
plenty
of
money
that
maketh
Scholars
or
men
of
Learning
never
less
regarded
,
more
poor
and
scorned
,
to
pay
double
or
many
times
treble
the
rates
and
prices
for
Books
,
then
they
did
twenty
years
ago
,
because
the
rates
and
prices
of
books
are
by
the
unconscionable
Arts
and
Trade
of
the
Stationers
,
proportioned
and
kept
up
to
a
penny
a
sheet
,
which
of
late
was
usually
paid
for
Pamphlets
sold
and
cryed
up
and
down
the
streets
to
publish
the
madness
and
rebellion
of
an
hypocritical
and
wicked
part
of
the
people
,
or
that
causeth
China
Orenges
which
at
a
dearer
rate
then
elsewhere
are
to
be
had
at
the
Play-house
door
five
for
a
shilling
,
but
within
the
house
,
in
that
which
is
called
the
Pit
not
to
be
had
of
the
woman
that
sells
them
,
under
three
for
a
shilling
,
because
for
a
Monopoly
of
the
only
selling
of
them
in
the
Play-house
,
she
gives
one
hundred
pounds
Fine
,
and
thirty
pounds
per
annum
Rent
,
and
hath
such
a
power
and
dominion
over
some
of
the
peoples
purses
,
who
take
it
to
be
an
honor
to
be
foolish
and
ready
upon
any
terms
to
part
with
their
money
and
be
their
own
Pick
pockets
,
as
they
that
sit
in
the
eighteen
pence
Rooms
or
Galleries
may
have
four
for
a
shilling
,
and
those
that
sit
in
the
twelve
penny
Rooms
or
Galleries
are
seldom
denyed
five
for
a
shilling
.
It
was
not
the
plenty
of
money
but
Prodigality
which
in
Holland
and
the
Netherlands
not
long
since
made
Tulips
,
whose
glories
are
in
the
varieties
of
their
most
excellent
Colours
and
abasements
in
the
want
of
Odour
to
accompany
them
,
to
be
at
two
or
three
hundred
pounds
sterling
a
piece
untill
those
insane
and
causeless
prices
were
decryed
and
forbidden
by
the
Edicts
or
Placaets
of
the
States
General
,
and
that
an
hundred
,
or
sixty
,
or
fifty
,
or
fourty
pound
sterling
,
could
be
here
given
for
a
Root
of
a
Tulip
,
when
as
now
in
an
abundance
or
commonness
of
them
,
one
or
two
hundred
of
them
may
be
had
for
five
pounds
.
It
is
not
an
abundance
of
money
,
but
abundance
of
Devil
,
sin
and
vice
,
and
all
manner
of
villanies
which
makes
all
Commodities
to
be
so
dear
at
London
,
and
in
its
adjacent
Counties
;
our
Cloth
to
be
as
dear
again
as
it
was
but
lately
,
and
not
half
so
honestly
made
;
the
binding
or
putting
an
Apprentice
to
a
Draper
or
Grocer
,
which
not
long
ago
could
be
done
for
twenty
or
thirty
pounds
,
cannot
be
now
under
an
hundred
,
or
an
hundred
and
twenty
pounds
,
and
that
many
which
do
now
come
to
buy
any
thing
of
a
Tradesman
,
can
hardly
escape
the
temptation
of
a
bribe
,
or
some
share
in
the
bargain
to
permit
him
to
sell
his
sophisticated
or
adulterated
wares
at
as
high
a
price
as
he
can
possibly
get
for
them
,
or
that
makes
house-rents
(
when
the
undone
people
in
the
Countries
flock
to
London
to
see
if
they
can
find
a
better
subsistence
)
one
part
in
three
dearer
then
it
was
twenty
years
ago
.
Nor
an
abundance
of
money
in
Spain
and
other
Foraign
kingdomes
that
makes
as
some
ingenious
Travilers
have
well
observed
,
provisions
of
victuals
to
be
much
dearer
in
or
under
the
chief
City
of
a
Nation
or
Country
,
then
it
is
at
a
distance
from
it
,
or
that
makes
an
Hen
Egge
to
be
sold
at
Madrid
for
three
pence
,
when
as
twelve
may
be
had
for
a
penny
in
Gallicia
or
places
more
remote
.
Nor
that
in
Ireland
,
whither
too
much
of
our
money
is
transported
,
and
many
peices
of
Eight
which
our
Merchants
have
imported
into
England
,
and
being
here
afforded
at
three
shillings
three
pence
a
peice
,
do
there
yeild
the
exporter
five
shillings
a
peice
,
and
makes
a
greater
plenty
of
money
to
be
there
then
should
be
;
there
doth
notwithstanding
continue
such
a
cheapness
of
victuals
and
houshold
provisions
,
as
it
made
a
Maid-servant
when
she
was
lately
sent
to
Market
to
come
home
with
a
complaint
that
she
paid
five
pence
for
a
Hen
,
and
could
have
but
fourteen
Eggs
for
a
penny
.
For
it
is
not
scarcity
of
mony
that
makes
victuals
to
be
so
cheap
in
Yorkshire
,
where
many
of
the
Gentry
do
many
times
want
no
money
for
Horse
Races
and
other
needless
expences
,
but
the
far
distance
from
London
,
and
want
of
vent
for
their
Commodities
,
And
besides
the
causes
above
mentioned
proceeding
from
frauds
and
the
peoples
oppressing
one
another
:
it
will
be
ubique
&
semper
,
every
where
and
at
all
times
true
that
many
times
sola
universaque
hominum
libido
non
natura
rebus
omnibus
pretium
suum
posuerit
,
Philippus
Caesius
a
Zesen
in
Leone
Belgico
§
16.
it
is
the
unruliness
of
mens
appetites
which
causeth
things
to
be
dear
.
And
whether
our
money
or
Bullion
be
more
or
less
then
it
was
heretofore
,
or
more
imported
then
exported
,
there
would
not
be
such
a
cry
and
complaint
of
the
want
of
money
,
if
the
prudence
of
our
more
generous
and
hospitable
Ancestors
had
not
been
as
it
is
so
much
slieghted
and
thought
unworthy
our
imitation
,
and
that
our
estates
had
been
the
rule
and
measure
of
our
expences
,
of
which
if
an
account
were
taken
but
in
some
particulars
,
which
since
the
flight
and
banishment
of
our
English
Hospitalities
,
hath
more
then
formerly
wasted
the
money
and
Revenues
of
England
,
it
will
be
found
that
the
laying
aside
or
scorning
,
or
seldom
usage
of
the
grosses
viandes
Butchers
or
course
meat
,
as
it
is
now
disdainfully
termed
,
and
the
substantial
food
&
dyet
of
Beef
and
Brewesse
,
Mutton
,
Veal
,
Po●k
,
B●con
,
&c.
and
the
introducing
in
stead
of
them
many
Foraign
quelque
choses
,
or
fantastically
made
Dishes
Oleos
,
Fricasses
and
Potages
,
hant
gousts
,
and
provoking
sawces
in
the
steed
of
a
more
wholsom
Diet
,
with
rich
Wines
and
many
costly
Confections
,
Banquets
and
perfumes
at
the
disert
or
end
of
meals
or
repasts
,
have
spent
and
cost
more
then
the
pious
,
more
noble
prudent
and
worthy
custom
of
hospitality
,
building
of
Castles
,
and
the
building
and
endowing
of
stately
Churches
and
Monasteries
ever
did
,
and
that
the
money
spent
in
some
one
vain
and
costly
Dish
,
adorned
and
enriched
with
Amber
gris
,
making
a
charge
of
ten
or
twelve
pounds
would
in
the
later
end
of
the
Raign
of
King
Henry
the
eighth
have
gone
a
great
part
of
the
way
in
the
defraying
of
the
expences
of
an
Oxe
or
a
Beef
by
a
Gentleman
or
good
Housekeeper
(
for
in
those
dayes
they
were
synonimas
or
Termini
convertibiles
)
every
day
in
the
Christmas
to
entertain
his
friends
and
Tenants
and
feed
the
poor
.
And
that
if
the
charges
of
our
delicacies
,
incouragements
and
incentives
of
the
most
mortal
sins
,
heaping
upon
those
that
use
them
,
the
dangers
of
immortal
punishments
,
with
that
which
hath
within
these
last
century
or
hundred
years
been
expended
more
then
formerly
in
Wine
,
which
in
King
Henry
the
eighths
days
was
so
little
used
to
be
drunk
by
Pints
or
Quarts
,
or
great
quantities
in
Taverns
,
as
they
were
like
some
medicaments
,
or
Cordials
usually
sold
,
and
to
be
had
at
Apothecaries
Shops
.
And
of
all
that
hath
been
since
vainly
spent
in
Pictures
,
Coaches
,
Dice
and
Cards
more
then
their
forefathers
,
excess
of
Apparrel
building
of
stately
houses
,
and
laid
out
in
Plate
and
the
Furniture
,
and
adorning
of
them
when
he
is
but
a
Sonne
of
contempt
,
and
a
Citizen
of
the
lowest
rank
,
that
hath
not
his
Country-house
(
which
though
it
cost
five
or
six
thousand
pound
the
building
must
scornfully
be
called
a
Wash
house
)
with
gallant
Gardens
,
Fountains
and
Orchards
,
and
as
much
or
more
Plate
then
the
Nobility
or
Gentry
were
wont
to
have
,
with
very
costly
Hangings
of
threescore
or
one
hundred
pounds
a
Suit
.
Vast
sums
of
mony
yearly
spent
more
then
formerly
in
the
purchase
and
taking
of
Tobacco
and
those
smoaky
delights
and
contemplations
,
twenty
,
thirty
or
forty
times
greater
Portions
given
with
Daughters
in
marriage
,
many
of
whom
are
so
ill
bred
and
habituted
unto
it
,
as
they
seldome
fail
to
spend
in
a
short
time
that
and
three
times
as
much
more
of
their
Husbands
Estates
(
which
did
not
long
agoe
put
the
wise
Spaniard
in
mind
by
a
Law
or
Pragmatico
to
cause
a
restraint
and
limitations
of
Portions
to
be
given
in
marriage
with
Daughters
)
and
can
in
a
month
or
night
lose
as
much
or
more
at
Cards
then
the
Portions
of
their
Grandmothers
,
the
Daughters
of
Knights
&
men
of
worship
amounted
unto
,
besides
what
is
disbursed
by
some
of
our
Ladies
African
she-monsters
and
high-flying
Gentlewomen
of
the
sinfull
mode
and
fashion
in
artificiall
beauties
,
black
patches
,
extraordinary
washings
,
and
as
they
hope
,
invisible
Fucusses
:
and
perswading
their
Husbands
not
to
trouble
themselves
with
the
dirty
husbandry
,
and
greasie
Hospitalities
,
as
they
please
to
stile
them
,
of
their
Fathers
or
Grandfathers
,
but
to
turn
their
care
into
Cards
,
Sedans
and
Coaches
and
their
Chimneys
to
Tobacco-pipes
.
And
an
Accompt
were
taken
of
all
which
hath
been
spent
and
paid
more
then
formerly
in
the
high
rates
and
prises
more
than
needed
of
all
that
hath
been
worn
or
eaten
since
the
beginning
of
the
Reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
and
extraordinarily
paid
in
Servants
and
Workmens
wages
.
All
the
money
which
hath
been
spent
more
then
formerly
,
in
sugars
,
fruits
,
spices
,
and
other
forragin
delicacies
and
superfluities
,
all
the
money
which
hath
been
made
of
the
wood
and
timber
more
then
ordinarily
cut
down
and
sold
,
(
which
yielded
as
much
as
the
purchase
of
the
Lands
where
it
grew
could
come
unto
,
and
had
been
carefully
planted
and
preserved
by
our
forefathers
for
shipping
,
and
better
uses
then
to
pay
the
debts
or
furnishing
out
the
vanities
and
wickedness
of
their
profuse
generations
;
and
all
the
money
spent
in
Watches
,
worn
by
almost
every
Citizen
of
the
better
sort
and
their
Apprentices
,
with
a
constant
rent
paid
quarterly
to
keep
them
in
order
,
more
then
60000
pounds
per
annum
vainly
spent
in
the
twelve
penny
jobs
in
Hackny
Co●ches
,
and
in
Perruks
or
Periwigs
,
when
Clarks
and
some
foolish
Tradesmen
must
not
be
without
them
,
though
they
cast
5
l.
a
peice
.
All
that
hath
been
spent
in
Jewels
or
Counterfeits
of
them
,
and
in
making
the
superfluous
Trains
or
length
of
our
Gentlewomans
Gowns
▪
all
that
hath
been
expended
in
the
payment
of
interest
and
Brokage
to
keep
up
our
pride
and
luxury
,
and
twenty
Millions
sterling
at
the
least
lately
thrown
away
in
a
dir●ful
and
bloody
sacrifice
to
a
most
wicked
rebellion
,
were
or
could
be
recalled
again
and
amassed
,
and
put
into
a
publick
Treasury
,
it
would
be
as
much
,
if
not
greatly
exceed
that
so
famous
,
Aerarium
or
Store-house
of
gold
and
silver
,
jewels
and
precious
stones
of
the
City
or
Commonwealth
of
Venice
,
and
more
then
enough
to
erect
a
Bank
or
Mont
Piete
which
might
have
furnished
the
Nation
with
money
at
a
less
interest
upon
pawns
then
fifty
or
sixty
per
cent
.
and
stills
our
more
then
ordinary
cries
of
want
of
Trade
and
money
.
And
when
all
that
is
spent
,
and
not
to
be
found
at
home
in
the
circulation
of
Trade
or
Exchange
,
but
for
the
most
part
di●bursed
and
sent
abroad
in
the
acquests
of
pride
and
luxury
:
And
that
we
are
so
mad
and
prodigall
in
the
scattering
and
consumption
of
that
little
which
remains
when
every
Asse
thinks
it
to
be
a
good
bargain
to
sell
or
pawn
his
skin
and
ears
,
that
●e
may
(
which
he
will
never
be
able
to
compass
)
look
like
a
Lyon
,
every
Goose
would
be
a
Swan
,
every
Owle
a
Nightingale
;
and
our
Taylors
(
some
whereof
are
grown
so
rich
as
to
ride
in
their
Coaches
)
and
do
make
their
Bills
accordingly
,
almost
tyred
with
trimming
up
too
many
of
our
fantastick
Gentry
,
cutting
out
their
Lands
and
Estates
into
cloaths
,
and
bestowing
their
money
and
credit
in
ribbands
and
apish
garnishes
;
one
hundred
pounds
or
more
can
be
spent
in
a
Supper
or
Treatment
at
the
Beare
at
London-bridge
,
and
forty
pounds
at
a
Feast
in
a
private
House
o●
Family
,
when
it
was
more
then
any
of
their
Ancestors
had
in
Land
or
yearly
rents
,
and
many
of
our
Merchants
and
Citizens
in
London
are
,
as
they
think
,
but
ill
accoutred
unless
us
Lucullus
the
Luxurious
Roman
after
his
conquests
and
spoils
of
forreign
Countries
,
they
may
keep
their
Coaches
and
support
their
unnecessary
expences
,
with
the
spoils
of
a
good
conscience
,
and
their
ill-gotten
riches
by
tricks
and
contrivances
of
Trade
,
and
at
the
time
of
the
greatest
complaints
of
want
of
Trade
and
money
and
the
direfull
and
unwelcome
news
often
assailing
their
ears
of
such
or
such
a
too
gallant
Tradesman
broken
all
in
pieces
,
can
make
a
Wedding
dinner
for
about
eight
and
twenty
persons
with
one
hundred
and
fifty
costly
dishes
of
meat
,
and
like
some
great
Eastern
Monarcks
,
continue
their
feasting
for
several
dayes
after
,
when
not
a
few
of
our
Citizens
must
ordinarily
have
their
Wives
and
Daughters
in
the
Fashion
,
and
richest
sort
of
Apparel
of
cloth
of
Silver
,
Plushes
,
Velvets
and
Satin
,
garnished
with
more
costly
pearls
and
jewels
then
our
great
and
good
,
(
because
they
were
used
to
be
as
good
as
great
)
Ladies
were
wont
to
deck
and
adorn
themselves
upon
high
and
solemn
Festivals
,
with
their
Clossets
abundantly
furnished
with
rarities
,
and
their
gold
and
silver
Watches
hanging
by
their
sides
,
and
too
many
of
their
Wives
will
be
out
of
Tune
or
sick
,
and
in
danger
to
miscarry
,
if
a
bed
with
the
furniture
of
threescore
or
one
hundred
pounds
price
,
and
a
Chamber
better
and
better
furnished
for
every
child
her
husband
thinks
is
lawfully
begotten
,
may
not
be
provided
for
her
,
and
too
many
of
them
and
their
Daughters
will
by
no
means
be
left
behind
their
neighbours
in
Fashions
or
Folly
;
and
if
any
one
of
them
by
over-pampering
themselves
chance
to
slip
into
the
chambers
of
death
,
must
have
no
lesse
then
three
hundred
pounds
bestowed
in
a
Funeral
,
her
herse
trimmed
up
as
stately
as
the
Armes-painters
and
Abusers
can
devise
it
with
Tapers
burning
in
great
silver
Candlesticks
hired
at
the
Goldsmiths
,
and
four
or
six
women
in
mourning
fitting
to
attend
it
,
to
shew
the
beholders
the
unbecoming
pride
and
vanity
of
it
,
and
a
Shop
keepers
Wife
whilst
her
husband
complains
of
want
of
trade
,
must
not
want
a
Velvet
Gown
;
every
Servant
must
(
as
much
as
their
wages
will
reach
unto
)
imitate
their
Master
and
Mistresses
in
their
clothes
,
and
the
fashion
of
them
,
which
Queen
Elizabeth
did
well
prevent
when
she
caused
the
Taylors
to
enter
into
Bonds
or
Recognizances
,
not
to
make
clothes
finer
then
the
degree
of
such
as
were
to
wear
them
,
every
Cotager
and
Day-labourer
will
do
what
they
can
to
eat
of
the
best
and
live
after
the
rate
of
a
Farmer
,
every
Farmer
live
and
have
his
diet
like
a
Gentleman
,
every
Gentleman
of
the
smallest
estate
whatsoever
strives
to
live
like
a
Knight
,
and
some
Gentlewomen
taking
themselves
to
be
higher
born
then
any
of
their
kindred
,
or
neerest
relations
can
remember
,
will
not
think
their
husbands
do
their
duty
unless
they
permit
them
like
Baronesses
to
have
Carpets
&
foot
paces
on
the
ground
when
the
Madam
so
called
shall
have
a
mind
to
sit
in
her
garnish
of
sin
and
foolery
,
to
receive
the
visits
of
those
which
when
the
Marmalet
is
eaten
,
do
most
commonly
appear
to
have
come
onely
to
view
and
censure
her
pride
;
every
Knight
will
spend
and
live
like
a
Lord
or
Baron
;
and
the
sons
and
daughters
of
too
many
of
our
Gentry
,
ready
to
tear
them
in
peices
to
enforce
them
to
make
them
an
allowance
proportionable
to
their
pride
and
prodig●lities
,
whilst
the
Gentlemen
racking
and
raising
their
Rents
beyond
the
yearly
Income
and
value
of
the
Tenants
Lands
,
are
too
often
the
cause
that
the
Tenants
do
put
as
high
rates
and
prices
as
they
can
upon
their
commodities
to
be
sold
or
sent
to
the
Markets
,
and
use
as
many
Cheats
as
the
Country
Devil
can
invent
for
them
,
to
abuse
and
cozen
the
buyers
,
the
Citizens
raise
the
price
of
their
wares
and
commodities
to
maintain
their
delicacies
;
workmen
their
wages
because
victuals
are
so
dear
,
&
servants
by
a
sinful
necessity
of
pride
,
never
think
they
have
wages
enough
to
the
end
that
they
may
wear
better
Clothes
then
they
should
do
,
&
King
William
Rufus
Hose
or
Breeches
of
three
shillings
price
or
a
Mark
,
as
he
was
afterwards
perswaded
to
believe
it
then
thought
to
be
magnificent
&
worthy
enough
for
a
mighty
Kings
wearing
,
is
not
now
a
rate
or
price
enough
for
a
Ploughmans
ordinary
wearing
:
And
the
improvements
of
our
Lands
and
Estates
,
do
seem
to
have
served
for
no
other
purpose
then
to
improve
and
multiply
our
sins
and
vices
,
whilst
the
hospitality
and
virtues
of
England
like
the
brave
Brittish
Caractacus
or
Catacratus
Prince
of
the
Silures
,
following
in
his
chains
the
triumphs
of
the
Romish
Conquerers
,
are
made
to
be
the
attendants
of
the
Triumphs
of
our
vices
and
wickedness
,
and
Truth
and
Honesty
like
the
distressed
Naomi
and
her
daughter
Ruth
going
their
mournful
Pilgrimages
to
finde
a
better
entertainment
.
So
as
there
must
needs
be
a
want
of
Trade
when
there
is
so
great
a
Trade
driven
of
pride
and
vanity
,
and
a
dearness
of
all
things
when
every
one
almost
some
poor
and
despised
Moralists
and
men
of
Religion
,
and
care
in
their
ways
and
walkings
onely
excepted
,
makes
what
shift
he
can
per
fas
aut
nefas
to
save
and
get
what
he
can
for
himself
,
and
there
is
scarce
a
courtesie
done
for
one
another
without
a
bribe
or
fellow-feeling
,
the
sons
are
ready
to
betray
their
parents
,
and
the
parents
to
prostitute
and
deliver
up
their
children
to
the
slavery
of
sin
for
the
support
of
their
pride
and
luxuries
;
the
most
of
our
friendships
and
realities
now
turned
into
a
lying
,
most
dissembling
and
accursed
complement
,
&
the
rich
making
it
their
hoc
age
,
and
onely
business
to
oppress
the
poor
,
who
since
the
fall
and
dissolution
of
our
Abbies
and
Religious
Houses
are
so
impoverished
and
increased
,
as
a
Gentleman
of
the
same
and
no
more
Land
and
Estate
,
then
he
had
fourty
years
ago
,
paying
but
three
shillings
four
pence
per
annum
,
is
now
constrained
to
pay
forty
shillings
per
annum
,
and
the
rates
and
prices
of
workmens
wages
,
victuals
,
and
every
thing
else
so
increased
,
and
beyond
reason
more
then
was
formerly
,
as
may
appear
by
the
difference
betwixt
what
was
in
Anno
Domini
,
one
thousand
four
hundred
thirty
and
seven
,
in
the
sixteenth
year
of
the
Raign
of
King
Henry
the
sixth
,
now
but
two
hundred
thirty
and
two
yeers
ago
,
when
●hichely
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
built
that
famous
Colledge
of
All-Souls
in
Oxford
,
there
was
paid
to
a
Stone-cutter
,
but
two
shillings
ten
pence
a
week
,
a
Carpenter
four
pence
a
day
,
a
Sawyer
fourteen
pence
a
hundred
for
sawing
of
boa●ds
a
Joiner
five
pence
half
penny
a
day
,
and
but
sixteen
pence
for
himself
and
his
servant
for
two
days
,
four
pence
a
day
to
laborers
,
Ex
libro
comput
.
Johannis
Druel
Supervisoris
remanent
in
Colligio
Omnium
Animarum
in
Academia
Oxon.
five
pence
a
day
to
such
as
digged
stones
,
four
pence
a
day
for
a
Cart
&
for
a
weeks
Commons
,
for
Mr.
John
Wraby
(
who
was
comptroller
of
the
works
,
and
an
eminent
man
in
those
times
)
fourteen
pence
,
for
his
servant
ten
pence
for
the
meat
of
his
horse
for
a
week
ten
pence
half
penny
,
and
for
the
expences
o●
Mr.
John
Druel
Surveyor
of
the
works
travailing
with
two
servants
and
three
horses
from
Maidstone
to
Lambeth
,
and
their
charges
at
Lambeth
for
two
nights
and
two
days
seven
shillings
.
And
what
is
now
paid
to
workmen
,
when
a
Carpenter
will
have
three
shillings
a
day
,
and
eighteen
pence
,
or
two
shillings
a
day
for
his
man
,
and
eighteen
or
twelve
pence
a
day
for
a
common
laborer
;
as
there
is
never
like
to
be
any
more
easie
or
reasonable
rates
for
houshold
provisions
or
workmens
Wages
,
or
any
hospitality
to
be
found
in
England
,
nor
any
thing
else
of
vertue
or
goodness
,
unless
the
wisdom
of
the
King
and
his
great
Councel
shall
prevent
that
Ultimam
ruinam
,
great
and
destroying
ruine
which
citato
cursu
,
as
to
the
peoples
Estates
in
this
life
,
and
sending
their
souls
into
the
other
world
with
a
Lord
have
mercy
upon
us
,
is
galloping
upon
the
Nation
,
and
will
never
be
prevented
either
by
preaching
or
Church
Censures
,
or
the
King
and
his
Nobilities
own
examples
,
without
some
severe
and
well
observed
Sumptuary
Laws
,
now
very
much
wanted
by
an
unhappy
repeal
of
all
in
that
kind
which
we
had
before
,
and
without
which
all
that
can
be
done
to
hinder
and
destroy
an
innundation
of
miseries
,
which
by
our
pride
and
luxury
far
surmounting
any
of
our
forefathers
is
suddainly
like
to
over-run
us
,
will
be
to
as
little
purpose
as
that
which
the
King
of
Achen
is
said
to
do
when
he
and
all
his
nobilty
,
Hackluits
Voiages
lib.
3
do
in
the
blindness
of
their
Religion
,
upon
a
certain
day
in
every
year
ride
in
great
pompe
and
procession
to
the
Church
to
look
if
the
Messias
be
come
,
and
not
finding
him
,
as
they
supposed
to
be
come
,
the
King
returns
riding
upon
that
Elephant
which
he
prepared
for
the
Messias
to
ride
upon
.
And
untill
those
daily
growing
and
dangerous
Evils
,
and
sins
of
pride
and
luxu●y
which
have
undone
the
greatest
of
Empires
and
Kingdoms
,
ruined
the
Brittaines
by
the
Saxons
,
and
the
Saxons
by
the
Danes
and
Normans
,
shall
be
curbed
and
redressed
,
there
needs
no
petition
to
be
made
for
an
assent
or
subscription
to
this
known
and
sadly
experimented
truth
.
That
there
is
a
great
want
of
money
,
and
it
is
not
any
plenty
of
money
which
makes
such
an
enhaunce
of
the
rates
and
prices
of
houshold
provisions
,
and
of
all
other
things
to
be
bought
or
sold
,
but
our
pride
begetting
an
ungodly
selfishness
,
and
pride
and
self
interest
begetting
all
manner
of
cheating
to
maintain
them
,
which
have
brought
those
evils
of
evils
upon
us
,
and
made
those
miseries
&
wants
,
are
so
every
where
complained
of
,
and
have
destroyed
all
honesty
,
friendship
,
&
obedience
,
and
taught
the
people
by
such
wicked
necessities
,
and
imitating
one
anothers
good
success
by
their
evil
actions
,
to
run
over
all
Laws
and
penalties
that
can
be
threatned
or
laid
in
the
way
,
and
that
the
King
having
no
Elixir
or
means
to
transmute
all
the
mettals
in
this
Kingdom
to
an
infinitum
of
Gold
and
Silver
to
furnish
the
vanity
of
the
peoples
expences
,
there
must
in
so
universal
a
prodigality
and
profusion
as
is
in
the
Nation
,
be●yond
the
reach
and
compass
of
the
peoples
means
and
estates
,
when
a
Bricklayer
must
wear
silk
Stockings
,
and
his
wife
a
Whisk
of
four
pounds
p●ice
,
and
an
Alewoman
if
she
hath
turned
up
the
D●vel
Trump
,
and
be
but
a
little
beforehand
,
will
think
her self
not
well
apparelled
if
her
Gowns
be
not
of
silk
or
bedaubed
with
Gold
or
Silver
Lace
;
every
ordinary
mans
house
must
be
furnished
with
one
peece
of
plate
,
if
not
many
more
;
the
weighty
Silver
money
be
melted
down
into
Plate
,
and
all
or
a
great
part
of
the
Bullion
and
Foraign
coyns
exported
as
soon
as
they
are
imported
,
needs
be
a
want
of
money
;
and
that
when
Kit
or
Christopher
Woodroofe
a
rich
Citizens
son
in
the
later
end
of
the
Raign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
marrying
the
daughter
of
a
great
Lord
of
this
Kingdom
,
which
wore
a
Silver
Legg
in
stead
of
a
better
,
which
had
been
cut
off
to
prevent
a
greater
mischief
by
a
Gangreen
,
had
a
mad
and
strange
custome
to
throw
his
shillings
upon
the
Thames
to
make
them
in
the
language
of
the
Boys
to
dive
and
leap
as
Ducks
and
Draks
;
it
was
no
marvail
that
he
was
many
times
when
he
wanted
money
,
necessitated
to
steal
his
wives
silver
Legg
in
a
morning
before
she
was
up
and
pawn
it
.
And
that
the
Tyranny
and
Tricks
of
Trade
,
oppression
of
the
Markets
,
and
the
arbitrary
power
which
the
people
take
to
impose
high
and
unreasonable
rates
and
prices
one
upon
another
(
which
exceeds
most
of
the
evils
imaginable
in
a
time
of
peace
(
do
make
a
great
addition
to
the
poverty
of
the
Nation
,
too
many
of
whom
do
make
their
own
burdens
,
and
complain
of
them
when
they
have
done
,
and
may
be
eased
themselves
if
they
would
but
ease
others
.
And
that
as
the
people
of
Florence
do
more
cheerfully
endure
those
many
great
Taxes
and
Burdens
which
the
grand
Duke
imposeth
upon
them
,
because
by
a
Banda
or
rule
for
the
rates
and
prices
of
victuals
and
houshold
provisions
,
so
as
those
which
are
sent
to
buy
cannot
be
cheated
or
injuried
they
enjoy
such
a
cheapness
as
makes
them
a
recompence
,
the
people
of
England
would
not
take
their
Taxes
and
Assessements
for
the
publike
to
be
much
or
any
great
burden
,
if
by
reducing
the
Market
prices
and
rates
to
a
reiglement
intended
by
our
Laws
,
they
might
not
so
much
cozen
and
oppress
one
another
,
but
be
the
better
enabled
to
live
cheapely
and
to
pay
them
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
That
it
is
the
interest
of
the
people
of
England
to
revive
again
the
Ancient
and
legal
usage
of
his
Majesties
just
rights
of
Praeemption
and
Pourveyance
,
or
Compositions
for
them
.
ANd
now
that
the
lines
from
all
the
parts
of
the
Circumference
of
this
discourse
concerning
the
lawfulness
and
necessity
of
the
Royal
Praeemption
and
Pourveyance
,
or
Compositions
for
them
,
are
met
in
the
center
or
conclusion
of
it
,
every
man
that
is
not
over
Byassed
by
his
own
conceit
or
prejudice
,
or
carryed
into
an
obstinacy
or
uningenious
resolution
not
to
alter
his
opinion
or
obey
so
great
a
truth
,
because
he
once
thought
or
said
,
or
declared
otherwise
,
will
I
hope
be
so
far
perswaded
by
the
light
and
rules
of
right
reason
,
as
to
understand
that
Praeemption
which
is
founded
upon
the
Laws
of
Nature
and
Nations
,
hath
been
as
ancient
a
custome
in
the
world
as
that
of
Civility
and
good
manners
,
and
lived
here
in
England
,
the
age
of
Methusalah
is
an
ancient
and
undoubted
right
of
the
Kings
,
and
that
the
Royal
Pourveyance
or
respects
to
be
paid
in
that
particular
from
subjects
to
their
Kings
,
and
Princes
for
the
supportation
of
their
honor
may
well
deserve
an
approbation
when
the
Laws
of
God
and
the
Laws
of
men
,
and
the
Civil
,
Common
and
Canon
Laws
have
not
denyed
it
.
And
the
Laws
and
customs
of
Nations
have
made
it
as
common
and
necessary
as
the
use
of
houses
,
fire
,
and
water
,
and
Arms
for
offence
and
defence
,
uncovering
or
bowing
of
the
head
in
sign
of
reverence
,
wearing
of
Shoos
or
Sandals
for
the
defence
or
safe-guard
of
the
Feet
,
or
any
thing
else
which
hath
met
with
a
customary
and
universal
approbation
,
and
have
so
prevailed
with
most
of
the
rational
inhabitants
of
the
world
,
as
the
people
of
Japan
,
who
howsoever
they
be
averse
to
many
of
the
customes
of
other
Nations
,
Varenius
de
regno
Japan
.
as
to
delight
to
have
their
Teeth●black
when
others
do
desire
to
have
them
white
,
mount
their
horses
on
the
right
side
,
when
as
we
and
many
other
Nations
do
on
the
left
,
do
not
as
we
do
uncover
their
heads
in
saluting
each
other
,
but
onely
untie
some
part
of
their
Shoos
or
Sandals
,
nor
do
arise
to
any
which
do
come
to
salute
them
but
sit
down
,
are
notwithstanding
unwilling
to
come
behind
other
Nations
in
the
duty
of
Pourveyance
and
honor
of
their
Prince
,
which
may
induce
us
to
subscribe
to
that
common
principle
of
Nature
and
Nations
,
that
there
is
and
will
be
a
necessity
of
the
Royal
Prae
emption
and
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
,
and
that
there
is
a
noble
use
of
them
.
Nor
to
think
it
burdensome
,
when
as
what
the
Country
looseth
by
their
Compositions
or
serving
in
the
Kings
provisions
after
his
rates
,
or
by
his
Cart
takings
,
do
not
every
yeer
one
with
another
amount
unto
so
much
as
the
Papal
impositions
which
before
the
raign
of
King
Edward
the
sixth
,
were
Annually
laid
upon
their
fortunes
and
estates
,
or
drawn
beyond
the
Alpes
by
Romes
artifices
.
Or
that
it
is
the
duty
which
every
man
owes
to
God
and
his
King
and
Country
,
and
the
good
of
himself
and
his
own
posterity
to
further
and
advance
the
peoples
cheating
and
oppressing
of
one
another
,
or
to
cause
the
King
to
pay
the
dearer
,
or
incur
so
great
a
damage
as
now
it
plainly
appears
he
doth
in
his
house-keeping
for
want
of
his
Pourveyance
,
when
as
all
the
Landed
and
rich
men
in
England
,
all
the
Farmers
,
and
all
the
Citizens
and
Tradesmen
of
the
Nation
,
the
later
of
whom
like
aqua
fortis
can
eat
and
make
their
way
to
be
sauers
thorough
the
dearest
or
highest
rates
,
or
prices
of
houshold
provisions
,
by
adulterating
or
raising
their
Commodities
,
or
as
a
London
Brewer
lately
said
concerning
the
Excise
upon
Ale
and
Beer
,
that
it
should
never
hurt
him
whilst
there
was
water
enough
in
the
Thames
,
those
of
that
profession
being
not
contented
to
be
repaid
by
the
house-keeper
,
the
six
pence
rated
for
the
Excise
upon
every
Barrel
of
six
shillings
Beer
,
unless
they
may
leave
out
of
such
a
Barrel
of
Beer
six
penny
worth
of
Malt
,
and
make
it
by
an
half
Boyling
of
it
to
save
the
expence
of
fire
,
little
better
then
so
much
half
sodden
water
,
and
are
not
satisfied
also
with
such
an
unchristian
cozening
of
the
people
,
and
making
their
drink
by
such
their
doings
,
and
puting
in
Broom
and
other
noxious
ingredients
in
stead
of
Hopps
,
to
be
as
unwholsome
as
it
is
weak
and
naughty
,
unless
they
may
likewise
cozen
the
King
of
his
Dues
upon
the
Excise
,
and
put
as
many
tricks
as
they
can
upon
him
and
his
Laws
and
Officers
,
and
when
by
these
and
many
other
devices
they
make
themselves
very
great
gainers
by
the
Excise
in
abusing
both
the
King
and
his
people
are
as
busie
as
any
in
raising
the
cry
against
the
Excise
as
a
very
great
grievance
;
and
when
all
the
Mechanick
and
Rustick
part
of
the
Nation
,
workmen
,
day-laborers
,
maid-servants
and
men-servants
shall
not
onely
be
savers
but
gainers
by
the
enhance
of
rates
and
prices
,
and
the
King
onely
and
the
poor
of
the
Kingdom
be
the
very
great
loosers
and
sufferers
by
it
.
Or
for
the
interest
of
the
body
Politick
,
that
the
pinch
and
hardship
should
lye
all
on
the
Princes
part
,
and
he
onely
be
the
greatest
looser
by
his
want
of
Praeemption
,
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
of
the
Counties
as
he
had
formerly
,
be
as
an
Amorite
or
stranger
in
our
Israel
,
and
pay
usury
for
his
victuals
,
by
being
constrained
to
give
two
parts
in
three
,
or
more
sometimes
then
fourty
per
cent
.
for
the
houshold
provisions
which
his
officers
and
servants
do
buy
or
provide
for
him
,
four
parts
in
five
in
many
things
,
&
six
parts
in
seven
in
some
other
more
then
the
Market
rates
and
prices
were
in
the
beginning
of
the
Raign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
when
the
Compositions
were
made
by
the
Counties
and
willingly
assented
unto
,
or
that
now
there
is
a
greater
plenty
of
Food
and
houshold
provisions
,
Trade
and
Manuf●cture
then
were
in
the
former
ages
,
and
all
things
may
be
afforded
to
be
sold
as
cheap
as
they
were
retroactis
seculis
,
or
some
hundred
years
ago
,
or
as
they
were
in
the
four
and
twentieth
year
of
the
Raign
of
King
Henry
the
eight
,
and
cheaper
then
they
were
in
the
beginning
of
the
Raign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
every
thing
should
be
dearer
to
him
then
to
others
,
or
that
so
great
an
increase
of
Rates
and
Prices
,
as
have
been
within
this
last
hundred
years
,
and
all
the
mischiefs
and
inconvenienc●s
of
them
which
have
been
brought
upon
the
King
and
his
people
by
private
and
particular
interests
the
non
execution
of
good
Laws
,
and
the
neglect
and
carelesseness
of
the
subordinate
Magistrates
,
Justices
of
Peace
,
and
Clerks
of
the
Markets
,
should
with
an
addition
be
continued
and
fixt
upon
the
King
,
who
if
he
should
resume
but
his
Tolles
in
Fairs
and
Markets
,
which
the
Civilians
do
rightly
enough
derive
a
tollendo
from
taking
,
many
of
which
are
now
accompted
to
be
as
the
proprieties
&
inhe●itance
of
private
men
or
Lords
of
Mannors
,
&
are
in
some
cases
more
by
the
indulgence
of
the
Kings
Royal
Progenitors
,
and
a
prescription
claimed
by
long
enjoyments
or
continuance
of
favors
then
de
jure
,
or
were
by
grants
or
confirmations
,
allowed
where
they
were
before
but
usurped
and
with-held
from
him
,
and
a
Royalty
and
prerogative
so
antiently
allowed
in
the
Roman
Empire
as
Valens
and
Valentinian
the
Emperors
a
mercatoribus
seu
negotiatoribus
quae
ad
domum
imperialem
pertinent
exegerunt
necessitatem
debitam
pensionum
ex
emolumentis
negotiationum
,
L.
de
Commer●
.
&
Mer●●t
.
C.
did
raise
a
good
part
of
their
Pourveyance
or
provisions
for
their
houshold
out
of
the
Tolles
or
profits
made
by
Fairs
and
Markets
,
those
of
the
people
of
England
who
do
claim
an
exemption
from
the
payment
of
them
and
those
very
many
proprietors
of
Lands
or
Mannors
,
who
by
many
Royal
grants
and
favors
do
claim
and
enjoy
the
profit
of
the
Tolles
,
would
finde
to
be
a
greater
damage
and
prejudice
unto
them
then
that
which
the
Olivaria●
party
,
and
the
troublers
of
our
Israel
pretended
to
be
by
the
Royal
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
,
or
should
as
he
never
doth
let
his
Lands
to
the
uttermost
penny
,
measure
his
gifts
or
bounties
by
that
of
private
men
and
proportion
his
favors
according
to
his
wants
or
occasions
of
keeping
or
saving
what
he
can
for
himself
,
or
the
ingratitude
or
forgetfulness
of
those
which
receive
them
,
and
be
as
unwilling
to
answer
&
acknowledge
benefits
,
as
too
many
are
unto
him
,
or
take
his
Reliefs
,
Herriots
First
fruits
,
Fee
Farms
,
Quit
Rents
,
Customes
,
Fines
for
alienation
Fines
certain
or
incertain
of
his
Copyhold
estates
at
the
full
and
present
value
,
and
the
Fees
for
his
Seals
in
Chancery
,
and
the
other
Courts
and
all
his
Subsidies
according
to
the
alteration
of
monys
,
&
the
disproportion
betwixt
the
present
and
the
former
rates
,
there
would
be
cause
enough
for
them
to
acknowledge
his
favou●s
already
received
,
and
believe
that
those
small
retributions
in
his
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
,
will
bear
so
small
a
part
in
the
Ballance
,
as
they
should
rather
lay
their
hands
upon
their
mouths
,
and
rest
assured
that
they
which
are
daily
craving
and
gaining
by
the
King
,
and
blest
with
a
peace
and
plenty
under
his
government
,
cares
and
protection
should
be
ashamed
to
make
him
to
be
so
great
a
looser
,
and
themselves
such
gainers
by
his
loss
and
damages
.
And
that
it
can
no
way
become
them
to
suffer
him
,
that
granted
or
confirmed
their
Fairs
and
Markets
to
be
oppressed
by
them
,
pay
a
shilling
and
many
times
more
for
every
groat
he
disburses
for
his
necessary
occasions
,
and
at
the
same
time
in
the
distribution
of
his
bounties
and
rewards
give
a
shilling
&
more
for
every
groat
which
he
intended
to
give
,
shall
be
kind
to
every
body
,
and
receive
in
acknowledgement
thereof
no
more
then
to
get
&
keep
all
they
can
from
him
,
which
in
their
own
particular
estates
would
bring
no
less
then
ruine
to
all
the
people
of
England
,
and
those
that
so
very
much
enrich
themselves
by
putting
him
to
more
expences
then
should
be
.
And
that
it
was
and
will
be
for
the
good
of
the
people
unless
the
oppressing
and
cheating
one
another
,
shall
be
understood
to
be
for
their
good
,
that
the
King
and
his
subordinate
Magistrates
should
correct
and
regulate
the
deceits
and
excess
of
rates
and
prices
in
Markets
,
as
those
of
the
Fishmongers
of
London
were
by
King
Edward
the
first
when
they
were
fined
five
hundred
Marks
pro
illicitis
negotiis
&
Forstallamentis
&
aliis
transgressionibus
in
officio
suo
Piscatorum
,
Elizabeth
,
viz.
John
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
Sir
Christopher
Hatton
,
William
Lord
Burghley
,
Henry
Earl
of
Derby
,
Charles
Lord
Howard
,
Henry
Lord
Hunsdon
,
Thomas
Lord
Buckhurst
,
Sir
Francis
Knowles
,
Sir
Thomas
Heneage
,
Sir
John
Fortc●cue
,
and
Sir
John
Wolley
,
or
the
Decree
(
if
had
been
observed
)
which
was
made
in
the
Star
Chamber
the
thirteenth
day
of
November
,
Anno
11.
of
the
Raign
of
King
Charles
the
Martyr
,
after
consultation
had
with
diverse
Justices
of
the
Peace
,
and
the
Certificate
of
all
the
Judges
of
England
,
viz.
Sir
Thomas
Richardson
Knight
,
Sir
Robert
Heath
Knight
,
Sir
Humfrey
Davenport
Knight
,
Sir
John
Denham
Kt
,
Sir
Richard
Hutton
Knight
,
Sir
William
Jones
Knight
,
Sir
George
Croke
Knight
,
Sir
Thomas
Trevor
,
Knight
,
Sir
Ge●rge
Vernon
Knight
,
Sir
Robert
Barkley
Knight
,
and
Sir
Francis
Crawley
Knight
;
and
confirmed
by
the
Kings
Letters
Patents
under
the
great
Seal
of
England
the
14.
day
of
December
then
next
following
,
that
No
Inkeeper
or
Ostler
within
the
Cities
of
London
and
Westminster
,
or
ten
miles
distant
(
who
have
since
made
such
excessive
rates
,
as
have
affrighted
many
of
their
Customers
away
who
finde
it
less
chargeable
to
come
to
London
in
passage
Coaches
,
or
send
their
horses
back
into
the
Country
to
finde
out
more
honest
Inkeepers
)
should
take
above
six
pence
for
Hay
for
a
horse
standing
night
or
day
,
nor
more
then
six
pence
for
a
peck
of
Oats
of
the
measure
called
Winchester
measure
;
No
Tavernor
or
Victualler
selling
Wine
by
Retail
,
should
sell
or
make
ready
for
sale
any
sort
of
Flesh
,
Fish
,
or
other
victual
save
bread
,
nor
procure
to
be
set
up
the
Trade
of
a
Cook
within
the
same
house
,
or
in
any
Shop
or
Room
thereunto
belonging
,
or
in
any
house
near
adjacent
,
nor
permit
or
suffer
any
Flesh
,
Fish
or
other
Victual
,
except
bread
to
be
brought
into
the
house
to
be
there
eaten
by
any
of
his
Guests
.
And
did
likewise
upon
hearing
of
divers
Inkeepers
,
who
could
not
deny
but
that
the
rates
before
specified
were
competent
,
further
ordain
that
where
Grain
and
Hey
should
(
at
a
further
distance
from
London
)
be
sold
at
lesser
prices
,
there
the
rates
&
prices
should
be
accordingly
,
And
that
that
Ordinance
should
continue
in
the
County
of
Middlesex
,
untill
it
should
be
made
to
appear
to
the
Justices
of
the
Kings
Bench
,
and
in
other
Counties
and
places
to
the
Justices
of
peace
,
that
because
of
the
increase
of
prices
in
the
parts
adjoyning
,
greater
rates
should
be
necessary
to
be
permitted
,
and
that
thereupon
other
rates
should
from
time
to
time
be
set
,
and
being
set
were
commanded
and
en●oyn●d
to
be
strictly
and
duely
observed
untill
by
the
like
authority
they
should
be
altered
.
And
cannot
deny
but
that
if
the
King
and
his
Royal
Progenitors
,
if
they
could
ex
praevisione
by
some
foresight
of
things
to
come
(
of
which
supernatural
eminencies
there
is
a
non
datur
or
denyall
even
to
Kings
and
Princes
)
have
understood
that
their
ancient
and
lawful
rights
of
Pourveyance
and
Prae-emption
,
would
in
return
of
all
their
benefits
daily
and
yearly
heaped
upon
their
subjects
,
have
been
ever
thought
to
have
been
a
grievance
or
oppression
,
or
endeavored
to
be
withheld
from
them
,
they
might
have
saved
as
much
and
more
,
as
that
would
have
come
unto
by
reserving
upon
all
their
bounties
,
and
grants
or
Leases
of
their
Mann●rs
,
or
Lands
,
their
Pourveyance
or
houshold
provisions
,
or
when
they
gave
Lands
of
inheritance
,
rendring
small
or
disproportionate
Rents
or
Fee
Farms
,
to
the
greater
yearly
value
which
they
now
appear
to
be
might
have
added
so
much
of
Pourveyance
or
provisions
as
might
have
taken
away
that
causeless
murmur
against
the
Pourveyance
,
which
our
old
Saxon
King
Aethelstane
,
who
raigned
here
in
Anno
Dom.
938.
understood
to
be
so
necessary
for
his
housekeeping
,
as
when
he
had
subdued
the
Wel●h
Princes
,
&
made
them
his
Tributaries
,
he
caused
them
to
Covenant
with
him
at
Hereford
,
not
onely
to
pay
him
yeerly
twenty
pounds
weight
of
Gold
,
and
three
hundred
of
Silver
,
but
five
hundred
head
of
Cattl●
,
with
Hawks
and
Hounds
to
a
certain
number
,
towards
which
payment
by
the
Statutes
of
Howel
D●a
,
saith
our
Industrious
Speed
,
Hist
▪
of
England
&
〈◊〉
VV●lle●se
.
the
King
of
Aberfraw
was
charged
at
sixty
six
pounds
(
an
Early
Composition
rate
for
Pourveyance
)
the
Prince
Dinemore
,
and
the
Prince
of
Powys
being
to
pay
the
like
sums
of
money
.
And
that
now
to
deny
it
unto
the
Crown
,
is
a
greater
injustice
and
injury
,
then
to
have
denyed
it
to
Queen
Elizabeth
,
King
James
or
his
son
King
Charles
the
Martyr
,
or
in
some
hundred
years
before
,
for
that
then
our
Kings
and
Princes
might
have
preserved
themselves
and
their
successors
from
the
rapines
and
unconscionable
rates
and
prices
of
houshold
provisions
which
some
of
his
subjects
might
have
forborn
to
impose
upon
their
King
though
they
do
it
upon
others
.
That
if
in
the
Raign
of
King
Henry
the
seventh
,
a
Law
or
Act
of
Parliament
had
been
made
,
that
for
one
hundred
and
fifty
years
after
to
the
end
to
make
a
Treasury
or
provision
of
money
(
which
Common-wealths
and
many
Kingdoms
are
not
without
)
for
the
protection
and
defence
of
the
people
against
invasions
or
emergent
evils
,
the
prices
taken
in
the
Markets
more
then
formerly
over
and
above
the
genuine
and
real
worth
of
the
Commodities
,
should
be
collected
and
laid
up
for
the
good
of
the
Publike
,
or
that
all
that
took
Lands
to
Farm
should
pay
ten
times
the
former
yearly
value
,
and
all
things
bought
in
the
Market
,
should
like
the
King
of
France
his
Salt
,
be
for
some
things
at
three
or
four
times
,
or
for
others
at
ten
,
fifteen
,
or
20.
times
beyond
the
true
value
,
it
would
not
be
imaginable
how
near
the
peoples
murmuring
would
have
arrived
to
that
of
the
Children
of
Israel
in
the
Desart
,
when
they
forgot
the
mercies
and
wonders
of
the
Almighty
;
or
that
they
would
have
been
brought
to
any
manner
of
beliefe
that
ever
they
should
have
been
able
to
bear
so
great
and
so
intollerable
(
as
they
would
have
called
it
)
a
burden
.
And
yet
now
that
time
and
custome
like
Milo's
Calf
carryed
untill
he
be
a
Bull
,
and
being
a
Bull
found
to
be
no
heavyer
then
when
he
was
a
Calf
;
the
burthen
is
not
so
heavy
at
the
last
,
as
they
would
have
believed
it
would
have
been
at
the
first
,
because
the
people
have
hitherto
made
shift
to
bear
it
,
by
cheating
or
impoverishing
one
another
,
and
by
laying
the
burden
one
upon
another
,
will
dispendio
reipublicae
,
to
the
not
to
be
avoyded
loss
and
ruine
of
the
Commonwealth
,
be
for
some
time
longer
able
to
endure
it
,
if
the
rich
may
grinde
and
devour
the
poor
,
and
the
King
now
his
Pourveyance
is
taken
away
must
bear
the
greater
part
of
the
burden
.
That
if
the
King
before
he
had
granted
the
greatest
Act
of
Pardon
,
Bounty
and
Indempnity
that
ever
any
,
or
all
the
Kings
of
England
had
done
before
him
to
a
company
of
Factious
and
Rebellious
people
,
who
had
out
done
either
Sheba
or
Shimei
,
or
any
of
the
sons
of
Zeru●ah
,
and
deserved
less
then
any
of
their
forefathers
unless
the
murder
of
his
Royal
Father
,
and
all
the
groundless
obloquies
and
reproaches
which
they
could
cast
upon
him
,
the
banishing
&
persecuting
of
himself
&
his
brethren
,
murder
and
ruine
of
his
loyal
subjects
,
and
dispossessing
him
of
his
Estate
,
Kingdoms
and
Revenues
for
twelve
years
toge●her
,
and
all
things
endeavoured
which
might
load
him
or
them
with
scorn
and
indignities
,
can
by
any
Fanaticks
or
Factious
people
,
be
proved
(
which
it
never
can
)
to
have
been
by
dispensations
or
communication
with
God
,
and
a
living
and
walking
in
the
spirit
,
had
taken
in
again
to
the
Crown
all
those
forfeited
Rights
,
Franchises
and
priviledges
which
had
been
heretofore
too
liberally
given
or
granted
from
it
,
and
reserved
a
ten
times
greater
Pourveyance
then
is
by
any
now
complained
of
,
the
people
of
England
,
would
have
been
so
glad
with
their
Quailes
,
as
they
would
have
blamed
themselves
for
murmuring
without
a
cause
either
before
or
after
they
had
them
.
And
that
those
who
could
adventure
to
transgress
the
Laws
which
by
their
Idolized
Covenant
they
bound
themselves
to
observe
,
and
buy
Places
and
Offices
in
the
Kings
houshold
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
profits
whereof
were
made
by
the
Kings
allowance
of
Dyet
,
may
now
that
many
of
those
Dyets
and
Tables
are
taken
away
,
come
to
a
better
understanding
of
the
necessity
and
right
use
of
Pourveyance
and
Compositions
for
them
.
That
the
allowance
of
fifty
thousand
pounds
per
annum
proposed
as
a
recompence
for
his
losses
in
the
want
of
his
Pourveyance
,
is
not
to
be
found
in
the
moyety
of
the
Excise
of
Ale
and
Beer
settled
upon
him
and
his
heirs
and
successors
,
for
that
the
benefit
thereof
will
not
make
amends
for
what
he
lost
by
his
Tenures
in
the
yearly
Revenue
thereof
(
for
as
to
the
honor
,
regality
and
right
use
of
it
,
that
and
Ten
times
more
and
all
that
could
be
given
in
money
or
an
yearly
rent
,
would
not
have
been
enough
for
the
purchase
.
)
That
thrice
the
sum
of
fifty
thousand
pounds
per
annum
,
cannot
ballance
so
great
a
loss
and
damage
as
the
King
sustains
by
his
remitting
of
the
Royal
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
.
That
the
splendor
and
magnificence
of
the
Kings
house
cannot
be
so
well
supported
by
any
certain
yearly
allowance
in
money
,
nor
the
Squeeze
and
enhance
of
the
Markets
be
so
well
escaped
as
they
will
be
by
that
most
easie
,
laudable
,
and
accustomed
way
and
establishment
of
the
Royal
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
,
and
that
it
can
be
no
less
then
an
undenyable
truth
and
reason
that
it
is
the
duty
and
should
be
the
care
of
every
good
subject
to
further
rather
then
hinder
the
Royal
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
.
That
the
mischiefs
and
inconveniences
of
taking
away
the
Royal
Pourveyances
or
Compositions
for
them
have
so
visibly
and
often
appeared
to
every
unprejudiced
eye
or
judgement
,
as
there
is
scarce
an
Englishman
,
unless
it
be
Cornelius
Holland
,
one
of
those
that
helped
to
kill
the
heir
for
his
inheritance
,
and
would
rather
have
Pourveyance
to
be
a
grievance
,
then
that
he
should
fail
of
getting
to
him
and
his
heirs
Creslow
P●stures
in
Buckinghamshire
,
which
were
appropriate
to
the
fatting
of
the
Kings
lean
Cattle
for
the
provision
of
his
houshold
as
every
man
may
well
conclude
that
it
will
be
more
for
t●e
good
and
ease
of
the
people
who
can
never
be
rich
or
happy
when
their
Prince
is
poor
or
necessitous
,
and
if
they
love
themselves
are
to
love
and
support
him
,
that
the
King
should
have
his
Prae●emption
and
Pourveyance
,
or
Compositions
for
them
,
then
that
he
should
be
so
much
dishonored
or
oppressed
as
he
is
already
and
like
to
be
more
and
more
for
want
of
it
.
Which
should
be
numbred
amongst
those
ancient
and
legal
priviledges
and
rights
belonging
to
soveraignty
,
pu●chased
by
the
cares
and
labors
of
our
many
English
Kings
and
Monarchs
,
with
the
hazard
of
their
lives
,
fortunes
and
estates
in
the
preservation
of
the
wel-fare
of
the
people
,
and
a
Monarchy
which
is
of
more
then
one
thousand
years
continuance
,
and
being
a
duty
ought
to
be
more
cheerfully
submitted
unto
,
then
any
Ordinances
,
By
Laws
,
or
Customes
of
any
Cities
,
Borough
,
Towns
,
or
Corporations
,
or
those
of
the
Lords
of
Mannors
,
by
Grant
,
Allowance
or
permission
of
Royal
Indulgences
,
or
those
of
the
City
of
London
,
that
great
ingrosser
of
Liberties
and
priviledges
,
who
besides
their
Court
of
Wards
and
Orphans
,
which
yeildeth
them
very
great
yearly
profits
and
advantages
do
receive
&
take
amongst
many
other
things
not
here
particularly
mentioned
by
a
Grant
of
King
Henry
the
third
of
his
Tolles
at
Queen
Hithe
,
Belines
Gate
and
Downgate
,
and
else
where
in
the
City
of
London
,
for
a
small
Fee
Farm
Rent
of
fifty
pounds
per
annum
(
if
enjoyed
by
so
good
a
title
)
which
were
formerly
taken
for
the
Kings
use
,
For
every
Tun
of
Beer
carryed
from
Billingsgate
by
Merchant
Strangers
beyond
the
Seas
four
pence
,
Ex
antiquo
Codice
M.S.
de
custumes
de
London
in
Bibliotheca
Cl.
viri
Galfridi
Palmer
Milit.
&
Baronetti
Attorn.
General
.
Regis
Caroli
Secundi
.
out
of
every
hundred
of
Salmons
brought
to
Queen
Hithe
by
foraigners
,
or
such
as
are
not
free
of
the
City
two
Salmons
,
for
every
thousand
of
Herrings
bought
in
Shops
an
ha●f
penny
;
twenty
six
Mackarels
out
of
every
Mackarel
Boat
;
one
Fish
out
of
every
Dosser
of
Fish
not
having
in
it
Mullet
Ray
Congre
Turbut
,
&c.
Two
Salmons
out
of
every
Bark
which
bringeth
Salmons
out
of
Scotland
;
some
Sprats
out
of
every
Boat
or
Barke
with
Sprats
two
pence
of
every
Oyster
Boat
;
out
of
every
Bark
or
Boat
of
Haddocks
twenty
six
Haddocks
;
out
of
every
Ship
or
Bark
laden
with
Herrings
from
Yarmouth
two
hundred
Herrings
;
for
all
kind
of
Fish
brought
to
London
after
the
same
rate
as
was
paid
to
the
King
at
London
Bridge
;
for
every
Ship
,
Bark
or
Vessel
not
belonging
to
London
,
or
the
Cinque
Ports
which
cometh
within
the
Orlokes
two
pence
,
five
Eggs
in
every
hundred
brought
to
London
;
for
Poultery
brought
thither
on
horseback
three
Farthings
,
and
on
foot
an
half
penny
;
for
every
load
of
Cheese
two
pence
,
for
every
dozen
of
Sheep
brought
to
Smithfield
to
be
sold
an
half
penny
;
for
every
Cow
or
Beast
bought
out
of
the
Franchise
a
penny
;
and
of
every
foraigner
bringing
Cows
,
Beeves
,
Sheep
,
Swine
or
Porks
to
Smithfield
to
be
sold
,
betwixt
the
Feast
of
St.
Martin
and
Christmas
,
the
third
best
Beast
,
Sheep
,
Swine
or
Pork
after
the
two
first
best
(
or
some
Composition
for
them
)
and
if
the
Beast
be
of
the
value
of
a
Mark
,
the
Bailiff
was
to
restore
fourty
pence
for
his
skin
,
and
might
take
for
lean
Hogs
or
Porks
brought
thither
to
be
sold
betwixt
Hock
tyde
and
Michaelmas
,
the
third
best
next
af●ter
the
first
best
,
or
twelve
,
or
six
pence
in
lieu
thereof
;
which
with
their
other
Tolles
and
Perquisites
,
and
the
yearly
Scavage
or
Shewage
,
&
the
profit
of
Tronage
and
Pesage
at
the
Balance
together
with
their
yearly
income
by
the
Cole
Meters
places
,
would
if
the
King
for
the
better
supply
of
his
Pourveyance
should
take
into
his
own
hands
as
they
are
now
Collected
and
taken
,
either
in
money
or
in
specie
,
the
above
mentioned
Tolles
and
Customes
(
which
are
but
the
Irradiations
and
participations
of
the
power
and
authority
of
the
King
imparted
unto
them
for
the
better
order
and
management
of
the
peace
and
affairs
of
the
people
in
those
lesser
Orbes
)
and
as
was
covenanted
in
a
confirmation
of
the
Fee
Farm
of
three
hundred
pounds
per
annum
for
the
Shirivalties
of
London
and
Middlesex
by
King
John
in
case
of
taking
away
or
granting
any
of
the
profits
thereof
)
release
and
discharge
the
said
Fee
Farm
Rent
of
fifty
pounds
per
annum
,
bring
a
good
assistance
to
his
charge
of
Pourveyance
and
houshold
provisions
,
and
make
him
some
amends
and
recompence
for
his
daily
great
damages
sustained
in
his
more
then
formerly
expences
for
his
houshold
provisions
by
making
his
so
constant
aboad
in
that
his
Imperial
Chamber
.
Being
priviledges
better
to
be
liked
and
approved
then
many
of
those
which
are
not
discommended
,
in
Military
affairs
where
a
Colonel
of
horse
hath
liberty
besides
his
pay
of
a
Colonel
to
reckon
a
pay
for
a
Captain
,
though
he
hath
none
,
and
to
be
allowed
for
a
certain
number
of
spare
Horses
,
and
to
Muster
and
take
pay
for
●ix
of
his
own
servants
,
and
the
like
for
one
in
every
of
the
six
Troops
of
his
Regiment
.
And
may
be
allowed
a
soveraign
as
well
as
those
daily
and
frequently
practised
,
given
,
received
and
taken
acknowledgments
of
Favors
,
Reciprocations
and
discharges
of
obligations
which
are
in
and
thorough
the
Kingdom
performed
as
well
as
expected
by
all
the
people
of
the
Nation
one
unto
another
,
and
by
all
mankind
in
their
several
actions
and
affairs
one
with
another
,
and
their
dependencies
and
relations
one
unto
another
.
And
as
little
to
be
omitted
as
the
duty
and
priviledge
of
the
Prae-emption
of
the
Tyn
at
a
reasonable
rate
,
with
many
other
allowances
and
liberties
in
the
Counties
of
Cornwall
and
Devon
,
not
to
be
denyed
to
the
King
or
his
Royal
Predecessors
Kings
of
England
,
who
before
they
had
granted
them
away
,
had
all
or
the
greatest
part
of
the
Lands
or
soyle
where
the
Tynne
Mines
are
.
For
it
cannot
be
any
injustice
,
or
have
so
much
as
any
aspect
of
wrong
or
oppression
that
he
whose
Royal
Ancestors
have
granted
&
confirmed
to
all
his
people
their
liberties
and
priviledges
,
should
seek
to
preserve
his
own
which
helpes
to
preserve
theirs
,
and
be
unwilling
to
part
with
them
and
his
praestationes
Angariarum
&
Parangariarum
▪
Plaustrorum
&
navium
,
&c.
his
Pourveyance
,
Cart
taking
and
impressing
of
Ships
,
which
as
Bossius
cited
by
Zecchius
,
Or
if
any
should
be
willing
to
have
it
to
be
no
duty
,
&
would
be
such
strangers
to
the
Scriptures
,
&
the
right
interpretation
and
meaning
thereof
,
as
to
think
that
the
fifth
Commandement
extendeth
onely
to
parents
natural
when
any
shall
have
a
minde
to
respect
them
,
or
to
let
their
Fancies
run
as
wild
as
the
zealous
reformer
did
at
Cr●ydon
in
the
beginning
of
the
grand
Rebellion
,
when
he
would
have
prohibited
the
reading
of
that
and
the
other
Commandments
in
the
Decalogue
,
by
alleaging
that
they
were
made
by
the
Bishops
,
they
cannot
;
if
they
will
not
throw
away
their
Reason
and
understandings
,
but
acknowledge
that
if
Uriah
could
rationally
conclude
it
to
be
unfit
for
him
to
go
to
his
own
house
and
take
the
comfort
of
it
,
when
his
Lord
Joab
and
the
servants
of
his
Lord
the
King
were
incamped
in
the
field
,
Anne
Clifford
Countess
of
Pembroke
,
Dorset
and
Mountgomery
,
doth
at
this
day
of
her
obliged
Tenants
in
the
North
,
whose
Carts
are
not
to
be
denyed
at
any
removal
from
her
Castle
of
Skipton
in
Craven
in
Yorkshire
,
by
certain
proportioned
journeys
to
her
Castle
of
Appleby
in
Westmerland
,
where
her
Tenants
in
that
County
are
to
furnish
yearly
six
hundred
Hens
,
or
a
groat
for
eve●y
H●n
,
and
six
hundred
Bushels
of
Oats
distinguished
or
called
by
the
name
of
Sergeant
Oats
,
and
those
in
Craven
as
many
Hens
or
six
pence
for
every
Hen
,
or
as
others
who
take
benefit
by
such
or
the
like
retributions
,
Customs
and
usages
in
other
parts
of
England
,
or
the
North
thereof
as
Boon
Hens
,
&c.
at
Sheffeild
in
the
County
of
York
,
once
the
inheritance
of
the
great
Talbots
,
or
as
the
Prior
of
Canterbury
did
of
his
Tenants
who
in
every
Manor
were
bound
ex
antiqua
consuetudine
providere
Priori
ibidem
de
quodam
Palifrido
competenti
tempore
novae
creations
suoe
,
Or
which
the
Prior
of
Rochester
did
of
his
Tenants
of
the
Mannor
of
Haddenham
in
the
County
of
Buckingham
,
who
by
ancient
custome
in
the
eighteenth
yeer
of
the
raign
of
King
Edward
the
third
,
were
to
Mow
and
make
the
Lords
Hey
,
Weed
his
grain
in
his
demesnes
,
pay
certain
Rent
Corn
called
Booting
Corn
,
and
five
hundred
threescore
and
three
Eggs
at
Easter
,
which
in
Anno
18
H.
6.
were
by
an
agreement
made
with
the
Prior
of
Rochester
,
released
for
the
sum
of
three
pounds
,
and
an
increase
of
Rent
from
thence
forward
,
inter
consuetudines
de
Haddenham
in
Com.
Buck
viz.
for
every
Yard
land
twelve
pence
,
every
half
yard
land
six
pence
,
every
Cotland
eight
pence
,
and
every
worthy
(
some
Tenants
so
called
)
four
pence
,
which
is
to
this
day
paid
and
continued
.
And
being
besides
obliged
by
their
customes
to
the
works
and
services
following
,
viz.
That
every
Tenant
holding
a
yard
land
,
and
the
Tenants
of
two
half
yard
lands
ought
to
plough
the
Demeasne
lands
of
the
Lord
two
days
in
the
year
,
viz.
in
Winter
and
in
Lent
,
for
which
they
were
to
have
their
dinner
allowed
by
the
Lord
,
every
Tenant
holding
a
yard
land
,
ought
in
harvest
upon
a
flesh
day
,
as
also
upon
a
Fish
day
to
be
assigned
by
the
Reeve
or
Bailiff
to
find
two
able
persons
,
every
holder
of
a
half
yard
,
every
Cotland
or
Cottogea
,
and
every
worthy
ought
to
finde
the
same
day
one
able
and
lawful
person
with
Hooks
or
Sickles
to
reap
the
Lords
Grain
in
his
Demeasnes
for
which
they
were
to
have
their
dinner
allowed
them
at
the
charge
of
the
Lord
or
his
Farmer
,
every
yard
land
ought
to
carry
half
a
quarter
of
the
Lords
grain
to
Oxford
(
being
about
twelve
miles
distant
)
to
Wallingford
(
neer
as
much
)
or
to
Wickham
(
being
about
ten
miles
distant
)
being
Market
Towns
near
adjoyning
to
Haddenham
,
and
all
the
Carriers
were
to
have
one
penny
in
common
to
drink
the
morrow
they
ought
not
to
work
,
every
yard
land
,
ought
to
carry
to
Marlow
eleven
quarter
of
Grain
of
antient
measure
at
three
tearms
of
the
year
,
to
be
quit
from
all
things
by
six
weeks
after
,
and
to
carry
the
Lords
grain
from
his
demeasnes
into
his
Barn
from
the
furthest
field
four
loads
,
from
Dillicot
field
six
loads
,
and
if
they
carry
nearer
,
then
all
the
day
if
it
please
the
Lord
;
also
if
the
Lord
shall
buy
Wood
,
every
Yard
land
ought
to
carry
two
loads
of
Wood
from
the
place
into
the
Lords
Yard
,
so
it
be
ready
to
carry
before
the
Feast
of
St.
Michael
,
otherwise
each
Yard
land
should
onely
carry
a
horse
load
,
so
as
they
may
in
one
day
go
and
return
,
and
all
that
week
they
should
remain
quiet
,
likewise
if
the
Lord
should
build
houses
he
ought
to
buy
Tymber
,
and
the
men
,
viz.
his
Coppyholders
ought
to
bring
it
home
,
viz.
each
hide
every
day
one
Load
,
untill
the
whole
be
carryed
,
so
as
they
may
in
one
day
go
and
return
;
also
if
it
please
the
Lord
to
send
for
fish
four
hides
ought
to
be
summoned
,
and
two
shall
go
for
fish
to
Gloucester
,
which
is
about
six
and
thirty
miles
from
thence
,
and
other
two
shall
carry
it
to
Rochester
upon
their
own
cost
,
and
they
should
remain
quiet
until
they
return
;
all
the
Cotterels
and
worthy
Tenants
ought
to
wash
the
Sheep
of
the
Lord
and
to
sheer
them
,
and
fully
to
perform
all
thereunto
belonging
,
and
have
nothing
therefore
;
and
if
a
theif
should
be
taken
in
the
liberty
of
the
Lord
,
the
Cotterel
Tenants
should
keep
him
.
And
were
so
due
,
and
of
so
long
a
continuance
as
though
the
Tenants
(
some
few
onely
excepted
which
would
not
pertake
of
the
Composition
,
and
are
still
contented
to
do
their
work
and
carriage
services
)
did
upon
a
reference
made
by
King
James
to
Henry
Earl
of
Manchester
Lord
President
of
his
Councel
in
Anno
1624.
to
hear
and
determine
the
differences
betwixt
Sir
Henry
Spiller
then
Lord
of
the
said
Mannor
,
and
the
Tenants
concerning
that
and
other
matters
within
a
short
time
after
,
viz.
in
the
first
year
of
the
raign
of
King
Charles
the
Martyr
,
agree
for
a
Release
of
the
said
services
not
acquitted
in
Anno
18
H.
6.
to
pay
yeerly
unto
the
Lord
of
the
Mannor
and
his
heirs
after
the
rate
of
three
pence
for
every
Acre
and
a
penny
for
every
Messuage
or
Cotage
which
had
no
land
belonging
unto
it
.
Or
as
many
the
like
beneficial
customes
and
priviledges
at
this
day
enjoyed
by
the
Lords
of
some
thousands
,
or
more
of
Mannors
in
England
,
which
beloned
unto
the
Abbies
and
Religious
houses
for
which
they
have
quit
Rents
or
other
payments
not
unlike
the
Compositions
for
the
Royal
Pourveyance
.
Or
that
the
Steward
of
the
Kings
house
should
not
if
the
Kings
Pourveyance
and
Prae-emption
had
not
been
remitted
by
Act
of
Parliament
,
have
authority
to
do
as
much
as
the
Steward
of
the
Kings
house
did
about
the
eighteenth
year
of
the
Raign
of
King
Edward
the
second
,
notwithstanding
so
great
priviledges
,
immunities
and
exemptions
granted
and
confirmed
to
the
City
of
London
,
command
that
no
Fishmonger
upon
pain
of
imprisonment
and
forfeiture
of
his
goods
and
chattels
should
go
out
of
the
City
to
forestall
any
Sea
or
fresh
fish
,
Ex
antiquo
Codice
M.S.
des
Customes
de
Londres
.
or
send
them
to
any
great
Lord
or
Religious
house
,
or
any
person
whatsoever
,
nor
keep
from
coming
to
Town
untill
the
hour
appointed
for
selling
be
past
,
untill
the
Kings
Achators
or
Pourveyers
should
have
made
their
Pourveyance
to
the
use
of
the
King
.
Or
that
the
King
of
England
whose
Royal
Ancestor
King
Richard
the
first
,
did
not
onely
give
to
many
Religious
houses
,
as
to
the
Priory
of
Royston
in
Cambridgeshire
,
divers
exemptions
and
priviledges
,
to
be
free
from
Carriages
,
&c.
but
de
Regalium
domorum
aedificatione
ac
omnimoda
operatione
of
works
towards
the
repair
or
building
of
the
Kings
houses
,
Ac
ut
silvae
eorum
ad
praedicta
opera
aut
ad
aliqua
alia
nullo
modo
capiantur
,
parte
Dugdals
Monastic
.
Anglic.
&
de
vaccarum
solutione
quae
dari
solebant
pro
Capitibus
utlagatorum
,
and
the
payment
of
certain
Cows
or
Cattel
to
redeem
the
forfeitures
of
Outlaws
,
and
exemptions
from
payment
of
Fumage
,
or
Chimny
money
,
Lestage
or
licence
to
carry
away
from
Markets
what
they
had
bought
,
or
in
release
or
discharge
of
customes
such
as
at
Beleshale
in
Warwickshire
belonging
to
some
Religious
house
where
they
were
to
Mow
three
dayes
at
the
charge
of
the
house
,
three
dayes
to
Plow
,
and
at
the
charge
of
the
house
to
reap
one
day
,
parte
Monastic
.
Anglic.
528.
and
to
have
a
Wether
Sheep
or
eight
pence
or
twenty
five
loaves
or
peices
of
bread
,
one
of
the
best
Cheeses
in
the
house
,
and
a
measure
of
Salt
,
and
if
any
horse
Colt
were
foled
upon
the
lands
,
he
was
not
to
be
sold
without
licence
,
nor
were
any
of
the
Tenants
to
marry
a
daughter
without
licence
,
and
by
the
custome
of
the
Township
of
Berstanestone
in
Warwickshire
,
horse
Colts
foled
upon
the
land
,
were
not
to
be
sold
without
licence
,
for
which
a
penny
was
to
be
paid
,
nor
any
of
their
daughters
to
be
married
without
licence
,
&c.
which
in
divers
old
Charters
,
and
confirmations
of
our
Kings
and
Princes
,
do
frequently
occur
,
may
evidence
that
such
or
the
like
were
once
undeniable
duties
to
their
Kings
and
Benefactors
,
and
onely
released
in
favor
of
those
which
were
the
owners
and
proprietors
of
the
lands
and
priviledges
,
and
being
now
enjoyed
,
were
formerly
regalities
and
rights
inherent
and
vested
in
the
Crown
of
England
,
should
retain
no
liberties
or
priviledges
for
himself
.
And
that
the
Quit
Rents
as
they
are
now
called
&
taken
by
the
owners
and
proprietors
of
some
of
the
Abby
and
Religious
Lands
for
Eleemosinae's
,
parte
Monastic
.
Anglic.
264.
or
Alms-money
given
by
Founders
or
other
charitable
persons
,
&
many
a
sum
of
money
formerly
paid
for
Mortuaries
,
Pardons
,
Indulgences
,
Pitances
or
Pourveyances
and
Oblations
which
are
at
this
time
kept
on
foot
and
received
under
the
name
and
notion
of
Quit
Rents
,
might
put
them
in
mind
how
necessary
it
is
for
them
to
perform
the
duty
of
Pourveyance
to
the
King
being
the
heir
and
successor
of
many
of
those
which
gave
them
.
And
how
unbe●oming
the
duty
of
subjects
pertaking
the
benefits
thereof
,
it
would
be
that
the
King
whose
Royal
Ancestors
,
Saint
Edward
the
King
gave
for
ever
to
the
Abby
of
St.
Edmonds
Bury
the
Mannor
of
Mildenhall
in
Suffolk
to
buy
wheaten
bread
for
the
Monks
to
prevent
their
necessities
of
eating
Barly
bread
,
parte
Monastic
.
anglic.
187.206
▪
297.
which
he
perceived
them
to
do
when
he
came
once
to
visit
them
;
King
John
gave
for
ever
to
the
Abby
of
St.
Albans
,
and
King
Edward
the
first
(
as
many
other
Kings
of
England
have
done
to
other
Monasteries
and
Religious
houses
)
gave
and
confirmed
for
ever
to
the
Abby
of
St.
Edmunds
Bury
divers
Mannors
,
Lands
,
Tyths
,
and
yeerly
Revenues
of
a
very
great
yeerly
Revenue
to
maintain
their
Hospitalities
,
Pitances
and
Liu●●es
of
servants
and
for
the
relief
of
strangers
and
poor
people
coming
thither
,
should
now
have
his
own
Hospitality
and
the
means
to
support
it
taken
from
him
.
And
that
if
all
the
customes
,
priviledges
,
and
Royalties
as
they
are
called
which
are
now
performed
and
willingly
assented
unto
by
Tenants
,
and
enjoyed
by
the
Lords
of
other
Mannors
by
the
power
and
priviledges
derived
unto
them
from
the
King
&
his
Royal
Progenitors
were
truely
represented
and
brought
to
a
publike
view
;
together
with
all
the
priviledges
,
liberties
,
exemptions
and
immunities
granted
unto
the
Cities
,
Boroughs
and
Towns
Corporate
of
England
;
it
might
be
wondered
how
they
that
enjoy
so
much
&
so
many
liberties
&
favours
from
the
King
&
his
Royal
Progenitors
by
grants
or
prescribed
Indulgences
should
think
there
could
be
any
reason
to
deny
him
those
his
most
just
,
necessary
and
ancient
rights
and
liberties
of
Pourveyances
or
Compositions
for
them
,
when
at
the
same
time
they
are
so
carefull
to
preserve
and
keep
their
own
.
And
it
would
be
something
more
then
unfitting
that
the
King
whose
Royal
Ancestors
have
allowed
so
many
of
his
subjects
those
priviledges
and
liberties
,
should
be
debarred
from
a
greater
right
and
legal
liberty
in
his
own
case
;
or
when
he
should
make
his
progress
to
Chester
should
be
refused
that
priviledge
more
ancient
then
the
Conquest
of
having
of
every
Yard
land
two
hundred
Capons
,
or
Caponets
,
a
fat
or
stand
of
Beer
,
and
a
certain
quantity
of
Butter
,
Lib.
Domesday
tit
.
Cestre
which
as
appears
by
the
book
of
Domesday
,
were
by
custome
or
Tenure
to
be
provided
for
him
,
and
not
enjoy
as
much
liberty
as
Hugh
Earl
of
Chester
did
when
he
could
priviledge
Nigell
de
haulton
,
his
Constable
and
his
heirs
,
Quod
omnia
quae
ad
praedicti
Nigelli
opus
erant
necessaria
emant
ministri
sui
ante
omnes
alios
in
Civitate
Cestriae
nisi
praenominati
Comitis
ministri
praevenerint
sine
cujuscunque
contradictione
,
that
his
servants
should
in
the
City
of
Chester
without
contradiction
have
a
Prae-emption
before
any
but
the
Earles
servants
and
Officers
;
or
as
the
Abbot
of
Burgh
who
had
a
P●ae●emption
in
all
necessaries
concerning
the
Abby
,
&
a
priviledge
to
pay
an
half
penny
cheaper
then
others
in
every
hundred
of
Herring
;
or
the
Abbot
of
St.
Albans
,
who
was
by
the
Charter
of
King
John
to
have
a
prae-emption
for
any
of
his
provisions
to
be
bought
in
London
,
parte
Monastic
Anglic.
as
well
as
any
of
the
Kings
Officers
,
the
Abbot
of
St.
Edmonds
Bury
having
a
like
priviledge
for
his
Fodder
Corn.
That
the
King
of
England
,
whose
Royal
Ancestor
King
Aethelstane
was
able
to
give
to
the
Church
of
Beverlye
,
quasdam
avenas
vulgariter
dictas
Hestcorn
percipiendas
de
Dominiis
&
Ecclesiis
in
illis
partibus
,
certain
Oats
commonly
called
Hestcorne
,
to
be
taken
out
of
his
Demeasnes
,
and
the
Churches
in
those
parts
which
by
the
dissolution
of
the
Religious
houses
are
now
probably
claimed
and
enjoyed
by
Laymen
,
and
did
in
Anno
Dom.
936.
ex
sua
Regalitate
,
by
his
Kingly
authority
,
saith
the
History
of
that
Foundation
,
give
towards
the
Hospitality
and
relief
of
the
poor
coming
to
the
Hospital
of
St.
Peters
or
St.
Leonards
in
York
,
de
qual
bet
Caruca
Arante
in
Episcopatu
Eboraci
unam
Travam
bladi
out
of
every
yard
land
of
errable
in
the
Bishoprick
of
York
one
Thrave
(
which
is
four
and
twenty
sheaves
)
of
Corn
,
Et
ex
consensu
Incolarum
Episcopatus
Eboraci
Rex
habuit
,
saith
that
Historian
,
Travas
praedictas
sibi
&
successoribus
suis
sic
quod
exterminaret
lupos
patriam
devastantes
,
and
was
ofterwards
granted
by
the
consent
of
the
inhabitants
upon
condition
that
he
would
destroy
the
Wolves
which
wasted
that
Country
,
parte
Dugdales
Monastic
.
Anglic.
367.
&
368.
Erat
siquidem
in
Diocesi
Eboracensi
tanta
adtunc
multitudo
luporum
quod
omnes
fere
villanorum
bestias
devorarunt
,
for
there
were
in
that
Diocess
such
a
multitude
of
Wolves
(
which
King
Aethelstane
thereupon
destroyed
)
as
they
almost
devoured
all
the
Beastes
and
Cattel
belonging
to
the
Countrimen
,
should
now
that
the
County
and
Bishoprick
of
York
have
in
all
the
after
ages
and
successions
of
our
Kings
not
onely
received
of
them
many
and
greater
benefits
,
but
have
been
by
their
many
good
Laws
and
Governments
protected
and
defended
from
all
manner
of
Wolves
be
denyed
so
small
an
observance
or
retribution
as
the
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
which
were
charged
upon
that
County
or
Bishoprick
did
amount
unto
,
and
at
the
same
time
do
either
not
pay
those
Thraves
of
Corn
,
which
would
far
exceed
the
Pourveyance
charged
upon
that
County
,
or
have
compounded
for
them
,
or
do
pay
them
to
such
as
have
obtained
Grants
of
the
Lands
and
Revenues
belonging
to
that
Hospital
.
Or
that
he
whose
Royal
Ancestor
King
Henry
the
second
took
a
care
as
appears
by
the
black
book
in
the
Exchequer
,
that
the
Barons
of
the
Exchequer
(
who
were
then
taken
to
be
a
part
of
the
Kings
houshold
)
should
have
their
provisions
at
easier
rates
then
others
,
Et
de
victualibus
suae
domus
in
urbibus
&
Castellis
&
maritimis
nomine
consuetudinis
nihil
solvunt
:
Ex
nigro
lib.
apud
Recept
.
S●●●c●arii
.
Quod
si
minister
vectigalium
de
hiis
quicquam
solvere
compulerit
,
dummodo
presens
sit
serviens
ejus
qui
suis
usibus
empta
fuisse
oblata
fide
probare
voluerit
Baroni
quidem
exacta
pecunia
restituetur
inde
in
integro
&
improbus
exactor
pro
qualitate
personae
pecuniarum
penam
luet
,
and
pay
nothing
for
custom
for
the
victuals
or
provisions
for
their
houses
in
Cities
,
Castles
and
Maritime
places
;
and
if
any
Officer
should
compell
them
to
pay
any
thing
for
them
whilst●their
servants
were
ready
to
testifie
and
prove
that
they
were
bought
▪
to
their
use
,
the
money
was
to
be
again
restored
,
and
the
party
so
wickedly
exacting
it
,
amerced
or
fined
according
to
the
quality
of
his
person
.
And
that
our
succeeding
Kings
and
Princes
causing
a
Pourveyance
and
provision
of
Diet
to
be
made
for
the
Justices
of
Assize
&
Justices
of
the
Peace
at
the
Assizes
,
&
Sessions
by
the
Sheriffs
in
every
County
,
&
making
an
allowance
for
the
same
out
of
the
Exchequer
,
&
Q.
Elizabeth
in
Anno
1573.
finding
that
to
be
troublesome
&
inconvenient
for
the
Sheriffs
,
ordained
that
charge
to
be
defrayed
out
of
her
Coffers
,
as
may
appear
by
a
Copy
of
a
letter
from
the
Lords
of
her
Privy
Councel
,
communicated
unto
me
by
my
worthy
and
learned
friend
Mr.
William
Dugdale
and
here
inserted
,
After
our
hearty
commendations
,
whereas
of
long
time
many
Gentlemen
,
some
eligible
to
be
Sheriffs
,
Hampton
Court
the
21.
day
of
February
1573.
For
these
next
Assizes
it
shall
suffice
that
you
make
provision
for
two
Messes
of
meat
well
furnished
,
and
in
case
over
and
besides
that
you
shall
demand
any
further
allowance
of
the
Justices
Diets
,
it
is
not
meant
you
shall
have
any
allowance
for
the
same
afterwards
,
you
see
what
order
it
hath
pleased
her
Majesty
to
take
herein
.
Your
loving
friends
-
W.
Burghley
-
A.
Warwick
-
F.
Knollis
-
R.
S●dleir
-
E.
Lyncoln
-
F.
Bedford
-
T.
Smith
-
Wa.
Mildmay
.
-
T.
Sussex
.
-
R.
Leycester
.
-
Fr.
Walsingham
and
that
expence
being
since
ordered
to
be
defrayed
out
of
the
Fines
and
profits
of
the
Counties
after
the
rate
of
four
shillings
per
diem
,
at
the
Assizes
&
Sessions
to
every
Justice
of
the
peace
,
and
two
shillings
per
diem
to
the
Clerk
of
the
Peace
,
and
the
King
being
at
more
then
10000
l.
per
annum
,
charges
to
the
Judges
of
the
superior
Courts
at
Westminster
,
who
by
their
Circuits
do
to
save
his
people
a
great
deal
more
charges
cause
a
cheap
and
impartial
Justice
to
be
twice
in
every
year
brought
into
every
County
,
and
is
at
many
other
yeerly
expences
to
others
in
the
administration
of
Justice
(
for
which
Cromwell
and
his
fancied
Parliaments
thought
a
large
yeerly
allowance
to
be
little
enough
)
makes
an
yearly
allowance
of
one
thousand
one
hundred
and
six
pounds
thirteen
shillings
and
four
pence
per
annum
to
the
Lord
President
of
Wales
and
the
Justices
attending
that
Court
for
the
provisions
of
their
Diet
with
an
allowance
of
Dyet
to
the
Justices
of
Wales
in
their
great
Sessions
,
twenty
four
shillings
per
diem
to
the
Domestick
Clerks
or
servants
of
the
Lord
Chancellor
,
an
allowance
of
Forty
Marks
per
annum
to
the
Kings
Remembrancer
in
the
Exchequer
(
which
may
shew
what
cheapness
was
formerly
)
for
the
diet
of
himself
and
of
his
eight
Clarks
who
ought
to
table
with
him
;
the
like
for
the
Treasurers
Remembrancer
and
his
twelve
Clarks
,
and
to
the
Clark
of
the
Pipe
five
pence
per
diem
for
his
diet
every
day
when
he
sitteth
in
Court
;
and
the
like
to
the
Comptroller
of
the
Pipe
,
should
be
now
put
to
seek
his
own
Provisions
or
Pourveyance
at
the
dearest
&
most
disrespectful
rates
;
or
that
the
Kings
servants
and
Officers
of
his
houshold
in
whose
honor
or
dishonor
the
Majesty
whom
they
serve
(
as
that
of
David
was
in
the
reproach
of
his
servants
or
Embassadors
sent
to
the
King
of
Ammon
)
is
not
a
little
concerned
,
should
now
for
want
of
the
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
,
complain
that
the
beauty
is
departed
from
the
Kings
house
,
his
servants
are
become
like
Harts
that
finde
no
Pasture
,
and
they
that
did
feed
plentifully
are
desolate
in
the
streets
.
And
that
the
servants
of
the
Abbot
of
St.
Edmunds
Bury
were
in
a
better
condition
when
as
he
could
allow
John
de
Hastings
the
Steward
of
the
Courts
of
his
Mannors
who
claimed
the
said
Office
by
inheritance
a
Provision
when
he
came
at
night
unto
him
,
for
eight
horses
and
thirteen
men
with
an
horse
load
of
Provender
,
and
Hey
sufficient
,
Wine
and
Beer
,
twenty
four
Wax
Candles
▪
in
the
Winter
time
and
twelve
in
the
Summer
,
eight
loaves
of
Bread
for
his
Greyhounds
,
two
Hens
for
his
Hawks
,
&
pro
se
&
hominibus
suis
honorabilem
sustentationem
in
Cibo
&
potu
,
and
an
honorable
provision
for
himself
and
his
servants
in
meat
and
drink
.
And
as
those
of
the
children
of
Israel
which
returned
from
the
Captivity
,
lamented
the
difference
betwixt
the
glory
of
the
first
and
second
Temple
,
bewail
the
desolation
of
the
house
wherein
the
Kings
honor
dwelled
,
and
the
alteration
&
reducing
of
it
to
what
it
is
now
from
that
which
it
was
in
the
raigns
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
King
James
,
or
King
Charles
the
Martyr
.
And
that
Foraigners
and
Strangers
who
were
wont
so
to
magnifie
and
extoll
the
Hospitality
,
state
and
magnificence
of
the
King
of
Englands
Court
and
house-keeping
,
as
that
Philip
Honorius
,
after
an
exact
survey
of
many
other
Kingdoms
and
their
Policies
hath
publikely
declared
that
no
Nation
in
the
world
goeth
beyond
our
Brittain
in
the
honor
of
the
Kings
Court
and
houshold
,
Philip
Honorius
Thesau●
Politic.
in
maggior
numero
di
servitori
con
maggior
distinctioni
d'
officii
e
gradi
,
multitude
of
servants
,
Officers
and
distinction
of
degrees
,
and
cannot
be
ignorant
of
the
respects
and
honor
done
by
all
Nations
to
Foraign
Princes
though
no
Monarchs
or
their
superiors
in
their
passages
and
journeys
through
any
Towns
or
Cities
beyond
the
Seas
,
by
making
them
presents
of
Wine
,
Fish
,
Oats
,
and
the
best
of
houshold
provisions
which
those
places
afforded
,
and
that
even
those
mechanick
souls
of
Hamborough
and
Amsterdam
,
can
think
it
worthy
their
imitation
,
shall
finde
the
King
of
England
,
whose
Ancestor
Offa
King
of
the
Mercians
in
Anno
Dom.
760.
would
be
so
little
wanting
to
himself
and
his
posterity
in
the
preserving
the
honor
and
rights
of
Majesty
,
as
he
ordained
that
even
in
times
of
peace
himself
and
his
successors
in
the
Crown
,
Speed
Hist.
of
England
&
Leiger
Book
of
St.
Albans
.
should
as
they
passed
thorough
any
City
,
have
Trumpets
sounding
before
them
to
shew
that
the
person
of
the
King
(
saith
the
Leiger
book
of
St.
Albans
)
should
breed
both
fear
and
honor
in
all
which
either
see
him
or
hear
of
him
,
to
be
so
scanted
de
ea
sublimitate
&
amplitudine
augustaque
illa
Majestate
,
in
that
honor
and
reverence
which
his
predecessors
would
never
abate
any
thing
of
as
his
Officers
and
servants
,
like
some
Beggars
who
are
not
used
to
be
trusted
with
a
Mess
of
Pottage
to
be
put
into
their
hands
when
they
buy
it
at
the
Cooks
stall
,
unless
they
shall
first
lay
down
their
little
peice
of
Coyn
for
it
,
shall
like
some
Mounsieur
Mal-regard
,
be
inforced
to
pay
for
a
Cart
or
horses
before
hand
,
as
if
there
were
no
other
way
to
deal
with
them
.
And
in
stead
of
being
as
the
children
of
the
servants
of
Solomon
when
Nehemiah
long
after
returned
with
the
children
of
Israel
from
Captivity
found
in
the
Registers
in
order
to
a
preferment
(
there
being
then
no
selling
of
Places
in
fashion
)
be
afterwards
no
where
to
be
found
,
Nehem.
c.
7.
unless
it
be
in
the
Role
of
the
Beggars
,
or
that
they
who
have
spent
their
times
and
industry
in
the
hopes
and
expectation
of
their
Princes
favour
,
should
(
when
the
Jews
who
as
the
learned
Grotius
hath
recorded
,
would
not
suffer
any
,
Qui
ministerio
fuerant
Regio
alterius
se
quam
Regis
successoris
ministerio
addicere
,
Grotius
Annotat
.
in
lib.
3.
Regum
c.
●
.
who
had
once
served
the
King
to
serve
any
but
his
successors
(
which
our
Kings
of
England
have
frequently
observed
)
be
constrained
to
betake
themselves
to
the
services
of
subjects
,
or
such
as
they
can
finde
have
a
mind
to
entertain
them
.
And
not
onely
his
servants
who
are
or
should
be
well
wishers
to
the
return
of
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
,
That
all
things
in
the
Kings
house
be
guided
to
the
Kings
most
worship
,
and
that
they
search
the
good
old
rule
,
worshipful
and
profitable
of
the
Kings
Court
used
before
time
,
and
them
to
keep
and
better
if
they
can
.
But
all
the
people
of
the
Nation
should
remember
that
the
honor
and
magnificence
of
David
,
and
that
Royalty
of
Solomon
which
amazed
the
Eastern
world
in
the
distribution
of
their
Officers
and
servants
in
their
houses
and
order
the●eof
were
justly
numbered
amongst
the
greatest
Actions
of
their
might
and
Majesty
.
And
that
the
wisdom
of
our
King
Henry
the
seventh
was
not
a
little
conspicuous
in
the
happy
effects
which
it
produced
,
when
after
a
retu●n
from
his
troubles
and
afflictions
in
his
great
care
and
wisdom
to
prevent
&
avoid
the
like
,
and
make
such
an
establishment
of
the
Crown
for
himself
and
his
posterity
(
which
he
had
as
happily
as
unexpectedly
attained
unto
)
as
might
continue
to
as
long
a
duration
as
the
world
was
capable
of
,
he
did
so
order
his
Court
and
houshold
,
as
it
was
a
composure
and
assembly
of
men
of
the
best
birth
,
education
,
fortunes
and
estates
,
qualities
,
endowments
and
reputation
in
every
County
of
the
Kingdom
,
were
most
popular
best
allied
and
beloved
therein
and
had
no
small
influences
upon
their
Tenants
,
Allies
and
dependencies
,
some
of
whom
he
made
to
be
the
Gentlemen
of
his
Privy
Chamber
,
Esquires
of
the
body
,
Pensioners
,
Carvers
,
Cupbearers
,
Sewers
,
Ushers
and
Waiters
,
and
made
the
Yeomen
of
his
guard
out
of
the
best
of
the
Yeomandry
,
or
such
as
were
recommended
by
the
Gentlemen
of
his
Privy
●hamber
,
or
other
of
his
servants
of
the
higher
ranks
,
which
together
with
other
carefully
pickt
and
well
chosen
servants
not
introduced
by
money
or
the
avarice
of
such
as
were
about
him
,
disguises
,
parti●lities
,
or
false
recommendations
were
as
so
many
Intelligencers
Eyes
and
Ears
to
the
better
ordering
of
his
Government
and
affairs
which
were
then
in
a
nice
and
perplexed
condition
,
or
as
the
Wheels
in
Ezekiels
vision
and
the
eyes
in
them
,
to
inform
as
well
as
Act
,
served
as
a
glass
in
the
absence
of
Parliaments
to
represent
unto
him
from
time
to
time
the
symptomes
and
indications
of
the
peoples
contents
or
discontents
,
and
if
any
thing
were
to
be
rectified
for
the
good
of
his
subjects
,
or
done
by
him
were
by
the
great
obligations
which
the
people
and
such
as
were
not
his
servants
had
and
owed
unto
them
which
were
his
servants
(
and
were
sure
to
have
them
reciprocally
to
be
their
Advocates
and
Intercessors
to
the
King
for
favors
to
be
granted
or
done
unto
them
)
the
most
sure
,
silent
,
and
never
failing
engines
and
contrivances
to
accomplish
their
soveraigns
just
and
reasonable
ends
;
by
which
excellent
and
ever
to
be
imitated
order
,
and
very
easie
to
be
put
in
practice
in
the
choice
and
election
of
such
as
were
to
serve
and
stand
before
him
(
which
is
and
ever
hath
been
one
of
the
greatest
pa●ts
of
prudence
,
either
in
the
manage
of
smaller
affairs
in
every
mans
private
Family
,
or
that
of
a
K●ngdom
which
is
the
Complexum
or
comprehension
of
all
of
them
.
And
such
an
happy
as
well
as
wise
and
successeful
constitution
(
which
many
of
the
Heathen
Princes
,
and
those
that
live
in
the
dark
of
understanding
do
not
omit
for
their
own
security
,
by
making
the
children
of
their
subjects
to
be
their
servants
,
and
bred
up
in
their
Courts
as
Hostages
and
Sureties
for
their
parents
good
behaviours
)
made
and
observed
in
his
Court
,
and
within
doors
conjoyned
with
that
without
doors
,
by
agreement
and
good
accord
with
the
then
potent
Barons
and
great
men
of
the
Kingdom
(
who
by
their
hospitalities
and
letting
of
their
lands
at
small
Rents
,
which
were
as
Loadstones
to
attract
the
hearts
and
affections
of
the
common
people
,
did
not
onely
augment
their
own
grandeur
,
but
like
Solomons
Lyons
upholding
his
Throne
,
imployed
it
in
the
support
of
the
honor
and
magnificence
of
their
King
and
Soveraign
)
did
to
the
unive●sal
content
both
of
Prince
and
people
Domi
forisque
,
atchieve
and
bring
to
pass
his
many
great
and
difficult
affairs
,
by
imitation
whereof
and
continuing
that
or
the
like
course
King
Henry
the
eighth
his
son
did
deliver
his
people
and
Kingdom
from
the
Impositions
of
Rome
,
wherewith
it
had
formerly
been
much
troubled
.
And
Queen
Elizabeth
likewise
waded
through
those
many
difficulties
which
had
beleagured
her
Crown
and
Scepter
,
and
did
those
other
great
actions
in
defence
of
her self
and
her
people
which
have
laid
her
up
in
glory
,
and
made
her
remembrance
to
be
as
precious
as
the
Spikenard
,
or
the
sweet
smelling
Mirrhe
,
and
the
most
precious
of
Odors
.
The
consideration
whereof
and
what
will
necessarily
follow
by
any
contrary
course
to
be
held
,
and
the
lessening
of
Officers
and
servants
by
the
want
of
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
,
upon
pretences
of
thrift
and
good
husbandry
,
or
being
supernumerary
may
inform
us
that
it
will
not
onely
diminish
and
cloud
the
Majesty
and
splendor
which
is
necessary
to
be
in
the
Courts
of
Princes
,
where
the
people
should
behold
as
well
as
rejoyce
in
the
State
and
honor
of
their
Kings
,
which
in
England
did
outgo
and
surpass
all
that
of
our
neighbour
Princes
,
but
break
the
Links
of
that
golden
chain
of
order
in
the
English
Court
,
when
it
will
be
apparent
that
such
as
otherwise
may
seem
to
be
supernumeraries
are
not
to
be
judged
or
looked
upon
as
they
would
be
in
private
families
(
where
their
concernments
are
most
commonly
with
a
respect
unto
profit
more
then
Worship
or
Honor
)
that
Princes
are
to
have
and
keep
a
greater
State
then
any
of
their
subjects
,
and
that
such
a
State
which
is
some
times
made
up
of
Supernumeraries
,
cannot
be
lessened
where
the
high
State
and
Honor
of
a
King
is
to
be
maintained
,
which
(
some
great
or
publike
occasions
,
as
at
Coronations
,
Funerals
,
Triumphs
,
&c.
onely
excepted
)
is
principally
to
reside
in
his
house
or
fixed
Station
;
and
therefore
it
cannot
be
for
the
good
of
the
people
,
or
be
correspondent
to
the
Majesty
of
a
great
King
,
that
a
lesser
number
of
Maces
should
be
born
before
him
,
or
that
there
should
not
be
so
many
servants
of
one
&
the
same
imployment
,
but
if
the
grandeur
and
magnificence
of
the
King
could
be
served
with
a
lesser
number
of
servants
,
the
pretended
surplusage
would
be
necessary
enough
in
order
to
the
preferring
and
pleasing
of
his
people
,
and
to
give
them
encouragement
to
love
and
honor
him
which
is
their
head
,
and
to
make
it
their
business
to
preserve
and
keep
up
the
honor
and
g●eatness
of
the
King
and
his
Court
,
which
David
in
the
order
and
placing
of
Officers
and
servants
in
the
house
and
Temple
of
the
God
of
Israel
,
as
well
as
in
his
own
,
did
not
think
impertinent
as
the
several
distributions
and
pluralities
of
Officers
to
places
of
one
and
the
same
nature
will
sufficiently
evidence
,
and
to
do
otherwise
,
would
as
little
conduce
to
that
Decorum
which
ought
to
be
in
a
Kings
Family
,
as
some
indigested
advice
would
do
in
the
propounding
,
that
there
might
be
a
sparing
of
a
great
yearly
charge
of
the
Band
of
Gentlemen
Pensioners
,
who
were
anciently
those
that
served
in
War
,
and
ad
latus
principis
,
in
a
pitched
field
or
Battel
,
and
were
by
Covenant
and
Indenture
,
which
are
frequently
mentioned
,
and
to
be
found
in
the
Records
and
ancient
memorials
of
the
Kingdom
,
his
Pensioners
onely
for
that
purpose
,
because
that
the
King
is
at
a
charge
of
a
Life
Guard
,
which
cannot
comprehend
and
take
in
the
uses
for
the
Gentlemen
Pensioners
in
their
guarding
the
King
within
doors
,
where
there
is
a
greater
decency
and
honor
in
them
and
their
service
,
then
can
be
in
the
Esau's
or
men
of
the
Field
,
and
such
as
are
onely
useful
in
the
direful
Sacrifices
to
Bellona
,
where
the
Majesty
of
a
King
is
laid
aside
and
by
a
present
necessity
exchanged
for
a
sword
,
and
the
bloody
and
unmajestick
business
of
it
,
and
would
be
as
little
for
the
profit
of
a
King
within
the
Virge
of
that
honor
which
sh●uld
encompass
and
attend
him
and
his
affairs
,
as
to
suppose
that
the
Master
of
the
houshold
(
which
certainly
hath
been
as
ancient
as
the
houshold
it self
,
and
never
but
once
for
ought
appears
to
the
contrary
intermitted
,
and
then
by
the
cunning
insinuation
and
self
ends
of
one
that
was
too
instrumental
in
the
introducing
of
our
Trojan
Horse
)
is
useless
and
supernumerary
,
for
that
the
Treasurer
,
Comptroller
,
Cofferer
,
Clerks
of
the
Greencloth
,
and
Clerks
Comptrollers
,
may
amongst
them
and
altogether
discharge
and
supply
the
care
and
business
of
it
,
which
will
appear
to
be
no
more
then
suppositions
and
pretences
,
when
as
the
Office
of
Master
of
the
houshold
,
which
if
well
executed
and
as
it
ought
to
be
,
is
of
most
necessary
use
and
of
a
greater
Fatigue
and
trouble
then
any
other
of
the
houshold
;
is
not
at
all
comprehended
in
the
Lord
Steward
or
great
Master
of
the
housholds
place
,
nor
within
the
Offices
of
Treasurer
,
Comptroller
,
Cofferer
,
Clerks
of
the
Greencloth
,
or
Clerks
Comptrollers
,
but
hath
as
all
the
rest
of
the
Officers
of
the
Greencloth
have
his
peculiar
and
particular
charge
,
which
is
to
inspect
all
the
under
Offices
of
the
houshold
,
and
to
be
as
a
Corrigidor
or
Surveyor
of
those
numerous
Officers
and
servants
which
are
therein
(
unto
which
the
other
great
imployments
and
high
honor
of
the
Lord
Steward
,
and
the
Treasurer
and
Comptroller
,
who
are
of
his
Majesties
Privy
Councel
,
will
not
permit
them
always
to
attend
)
to
call
in
question
and
prosecute
the
punishment
of
such
under
Officers
and
Servants
and
their
irregularities
as
deserve
it
,
and
keep
a
constant
watch
&
eye
upon
their
actions
,
and
cause
the
daily
orders
and
commands
of
the
great
Officers
to
be
obeyed
and
executed
by
the
inferior
as
well
as
the
set
and
known
Rules
of
the
house
,
which
is
now
more
then
ever
necessary
,
and
not
to
be
wanted
when
there
are
so
very
great
and
many
disorders
which
a●e
heightned
,
and
more
and
more
increased
by
the
want
of
the
Royal
Pourveyances
or
Compositions
for
them
,
and
by
the
enhaunce
of
rates
and
prices
of
houshold
provisions
(
which
do
more
infest
the
Purse
and
profit
of
the
King
then
any
supernumerary
Officers
and
servants
have
as
yet
done
)
and
hinder
him
from
regulating
these
unallowable
improvements
,
and
(
as
they
are
called
)
Fees
and
perquisites
of
some
Offices
and
Places
in
his
Court
by
an
Augmentation
of
the
ancient
Wages
and
Salaries
of
his
servants
now
far
too
little
and
unable
to
support
them
in
his
service
,
which
the
monys
wasted
in
the
damages
and
loss
sustained
for
want
of
his
Prae-emption
and
Pourveyances
,
and
by
those
otherwise
remediless
irregularities
would
have
easily
accomplished
.
And
all
the
people
of
England
and
their
after
generations
may
take
it
to
be
no
less
then
their
duty
as
well
as
their
interest
,
and
(
if
the
irrational
creatures
were
but
to
be
Judges
of
it
)
a
common
gratitude
to
endeavour
all
they
can
,
and
to
be
willing
that
those
ancient
Rights
should
be
continued
and
preserved
to
the
King
and
his
successors
.
And
having
no
small
concernment
in
the
honor
of
their
Kings
,
which
by
its
Rays
and
R●flexions
communicated
unto
them
was
,
and
ever
is
,
and
will
be
as
necessary
for
the
good
and
welfare
of
the
King
and
his
people
,
as
either
Credit
,
Cloths
,
Jewels
,
or
any
thing
else
they
can
have
or
adorn
themselves
withall
,
when
as
their
own
interest
or
well
or
ill
being
,
is
involved
in
the
Kings
.
May
understand
it
to
be
no
less
their
interest
to
uphold
the
honor
of
the
King
and
his
house
,
then
it
was
the
interest
of
their
forefathers
,
who
if
they
had
not
found
it
to
be
a
more
then
ordinary
concernment
of
themselves
and
every
good
subject
to
be
assistant
thereunto
,
would
not
so
often
have
been
petitioners
in
several
Parliaments
and
several
Kings
Raigns
for
the
well
ordering
of
the
Kings
house
.
And
being
not
ignorant
how
much
all
people
are
won
and
kept
by
hospitalities
and
benefits
,
or
lost
for
want
of
them
,
should
not
be
instrumental
to
mudd
or
stop
the
fountain
,
but
cherish
rather
&
keep
the
hospitality
of
the
Kings
house
as
carefully
as
the
Romans
did
their
Vestal
fire
,
and
the
Anci●ia
or
sacred
Sheilds
,
as
some
special
part
of
the
salus
populi
,
and
believe
that
it
was
for
the
interest
of
the
Nation
that
some
Lords
of
the
Kings
Privy
Council
in
the
21.
year
of
the
Raign
of
Henry
the
eighth
,
even
in
the
decay
and
expiring
of
Hospitality
,
and
almost
all
other
the
English
vertues
,
did
amongst
other
Articles
of
Impeachment
exhibited
to
the
King
against
Cardinal
Woolsey
(
who
kept
a
very
large
and
ample
Hospitality
in
his
own
house
)
charge
him
,
that
where
good
hospitality
hath
been
used
to
be
kept
in
houses
and
places
of
Religion
in
this
Realm
;
parte
Institutes
91
▪
&
Hist.
H.
8.
by
the
Lord
Herbert
of
Cherbury
.
and
many
poor
people
relieved
thereby
the
said
hospitality
and
relief
is
now
decayed
and
not
used
:
And
it
is
commonly
reported
that
the
occasion
thereof
is
because
the
said
Lord
Cardinal
hath
taken
such
Impositions
upon
the
Rulers
of
the
said
houses
,
as
well
for
his
favor
in
the
making
of
Abbots
and
Priors
,
as
for
his
visitation
by
his
authority
Legatine
:
And
yet
nevertheless
taketh
of
such
Religious
houses
such
yearly
and
continual
charges
as
they
be
not
able
to
keep
hospitality
as
they
were
used
to
do
,
which
is
a
great
cause
that
there
be
so
many
Vagabonds
,
Beggers
and
Theeves
.
And
where
the
same
Lord
●ardinal
hath
said
before
the
suppression
of
the
Religious
houses
which
he
suppressed
,
that
the
possessions
of
them
should
be
set
to
Farm
amongst
your
Lay
Subjects
,
after
such
reasonable
yearly
Rent
as
they
should
well
thereupon
live
and
keep
good
hospitality
,
now
the
demeasne
possession
of
the
said
houses
since
the
suppression
of
them
have
been
surveyed
,
met
,
and
measured
by
the
Acre
and
set
above
the
value
of
the
old
Rent
,
&c.
That
Judge
Walmesly
,
one
of
the
Judges
of
the
Court
of
Common
Pleas
at
Westminster
,
did
not
appear
to
be
an
ill
Commonwealths
man
,
when
upon
his
death
bed
(
as
some
few
other
old
fashioned
English
Gentry
have
lately
done
)
charge
his
heir
to
continue
his
custome
of
good
house-keeping
and
using
his
Tenants
well
.
That
when
King
James
in
the
thirteenth
year
of
his
Raign
,
being
perswaded
that
it
did
greatly
conduce
to
the
welfare
of
his
people
,
did
by
his
Proclamation
or
Edict
command
all
the
Gentry
of
the
Kingdom
to
repair
at
the
Feasts
of
Christmas
then
next
ensuing
unto
their
several
Countries
and
habitations
for
the
onely
ends
of
hospitality
and
housekeeping
;
Ro.
pat
.
13.
Jacobi
.
and
that
such
as
were
Justices
of
the
Peace
and
did
not
,
should
be
put
out
of
the
Commission
of
the
Peace
,
he
did
not
think
his
own
heirs
and
successors
should
ever
be
streightned
in
the
means
that
should
maintain
their
own
Hospitalities
.
And
that
we
have
had
of
late
the
happy
effects
experiments
&
fruits
of
good
house-keeping
&
usage
of
Tenants
by
what
was
done
by
the
late
Loyal
&
Noble
Marquess
of
Worcester
,
when
as
he
could
by
that
,
and
the
love
of
his
Tenants
and
dependencies
in
the
beginning
of
the
late
unparalelled
Rebellion
,
assist
his
distressed
King
with
great
supplies
of
men
and
money
,
and
help
him
that
was
then
almost
helpless
to
form
an
Army
to
defend
our
Religion
,
Laws
,
and
Liberties
,
as
well
as
his
own
Rights
;
&
by
the
late
Marquess
of
Hertfords
bringing
to
his
rescue
great
numbers
of
his
Tenants
,
and
have
nothing
to
hinder
our
belief
,
that
Sir
George
Booth
could
never
so
gallantly
as
he
did
have
ingaged
almost
two
thousand
of
his
friends
and
Tenants
to
open
the
passage
to
his
now
Majesties
happy
restoration
of
himself
to
his
Rights
,
and
us
to
our
Religion
,
Laws
,
and
Liberties
,
if
it
had
not
been
for
his
and
his
Fathers
small
Rents
and
great
hospital●ties
.
And
that
we
shall
but
destroy
our
own
interest
,
and
appear
to
be
ill
affected
to
our
own
as
well
as
the
weal
publike
if
we
shal
contribute
any
thing
to
the
burdening
of
his
now
Majesty
with
an
enhaunce
of
Rates
&
prices
most
unconscionably
put
upon
houshold
provisions
,
and
so
beleaguer
him
with
necessities
for
want
of
his
Pou●veyance
or
Compositions
for
them
as
he
shall
not
be
able
himself
to
do
that
which
for
reason
of
State
and
the
care
of
the
welfare
of
his
people
,
he
would
command
others
to
do
.
For
it
will
be
obvious
to
every
mans
understanding
that
our
so
famous
Universities
of
Oxford
and
Cambridge
and
the
glorious
structures
of
their
Colledges
Halls
and
habitations
of
the
Muses
with
their
prudent
foundations
and
statutes
,
and
great
endowments
of
Lands
and
Revenues
thereunto
belonging
,
causing
those
Universities
as
much
to
excell
all
other
the
Universities
of
the
world
,
as
the
Sun
that
grand
Flambeau
and
most
Illustrious
Torch
and
light
of
the
Firmament
doth
the
lesser
,
and
communicated
Lights
would
by
the
rise
of
prices
for
victuals
and
houshold
provisions
neither
then
suspected
or
expected
to
have
ever
been
able
to
come
to
such
immoderate
rates
as
they
have
since
arrived
unto
,
have
notwithstanding
all
the
care
and
forecast
of
their
Founders
,
and
the
great
yeerly
Revenues
thereunto
belonging
,
sunk
into
the
Rubbidge
of
those
goodly
buildings
,
and
lost
the
intentions
of
their
most
noble
and
pious
Founders
,
if
it
had
not
been
for
the
care
and
prevention
of
the
Statute
of
18.
Eliz.
(
justly
accompted
by
Mr.
Camden
,
to
be
a
principal
means
of
the
support
of
those
Universities
)
which
provided
that
the
third
part
of
the
Colledges
yearly
Rents
and
Revenues
should
be
for
ever
paid
and
reserved
in
Corn
,
Malt
,
and
other
provisions
for
house-keeping
.
That
it
cannot
be
for
the
good
or
honor
of
the
Nation
to
hinder
the
King
from
being
a
Trajan
,
or
herba
parietaria
,
a
sweet
smelling
Wall
Flower
,
or
deliciae
hominum
,
by
taking
away
or
obstructing
the
Magnetick
virtue
of
his
Hospitality
or
attraction
of
the
love
of
his
people
.
And
that
to
overburden
our
head
,
or
heap
necessities
upon
the
King
,
would
bring
us
within
the
blame
and
censure
of
the
judicious
Bodin
,
a
man
not
meanly
learned
in
Politicks
,
who
decrying
all
unbecoming
Parsimonies
in
a
King
,
or
his
Family
,
delivers
his
opinion
,
that
sine
Majestatis
ipsius
contemptu
fieri
non
potest
ea
res
enim
Peregrinos
ad
principem
aspernandum
&
subditos
ad
deficiendum
excitare
consuevit
;
Bodin
de
Repub.
lib.
6.
That
to
lessen
the
number
of
a
Kings
servants
or
attendants
,
cannot
be
done
without
a
contempt
or
diminution
of
Majesty
it self
,
and
that
it
may
cause
strangers
to
despise
him
,
and
his
own
subjects
to
Rebell
against
him
,
and
gives
us
the
example
and
ill
consequences
which
may
thereby
happen
by
the
misguided
frugality
of
Lewis
the
11.
King
of
France
,
who
when
he
had
put
out
of
his
houshold
those
that
were
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
made
a
Physician
his
Chancellor
,
and
his
Barber
his
Herald
and
Embassador
,
and
how
little
good
the
people
of
France
and
their
posterity
have
gained
by
his
dishonorable
and
unkingly
Parsimoney
,
when
he
did
usually
wear
a
course
cloth
suit
and
greasie
old
hat
,
and
at
the
same
time
was
but
busie
to
load
them
with
Taxes
,
and
lay
the
foundation
for
as
many
more
in
perpetuity
;
and
may
now
remember
with
grief
how
little
was
saved
by
sending
his
Barber
as
an
Embassador
to
propound
a
marriage
with
Mary
Dutchess
of
Burgundy
,
then
the
greatest
heir
of
Christendom
,
and
that
the
Burgundian
scorn
of
such
a
simple
Messenger
,
lost
him
and
all
France
the
advantage
of
having
her
and
those
seventeen
great
and
rich
Provinces
which
have
since
been
the
cause
of
so
much
War
and
trouble
to
the
Christian
world
to
be
united
and
incorporate
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
Philip.
de
Comines
hist.
and
that
thirty
years
late
wars
and
expence
of
blood
and
many
millions
of
money
raised
by
Taxes
,
have
but
enforced
a
Conquest
of
less
then
a
six●eenth
part
of
those
great
and
rich
Territories
,
which
might
once
have
been
had
at
a
cheaper
rate
.
And
if
we
would
but
regard
the
honor
of
the
English
Nation
,
and
the
gratitude
which
like
the
blood
was
wont
to
circulate
and
attend
their
hearts
,
should
blush
to
take
a
lesser
care
of
the
Kings
rights
and
preheminences
then
our
ancestors
were
accustomed
to
do
,
who
in
a
Parliament
of
King
Edward
the
third
in
the
42.
year
of
his
Raign
,
declared
,
That
they
could
not
assent
to
any
thing
which
tended
to
the
dish●rison
of
the
King
and
his
Crown
to
which
they
were
sworn
.
And
in
a
Parliament
in
the
fourteenth
yeer
of
the
Raign
of
King
Richard
the
second
,
did
pray
the
King
,
That
the
prerogative
of
him
and
his
Crown
might
be
kept
,
that
all
things
done
or
attempted
to
the
contrary
might
be
redressed
,
and
that
the
King
might
be
as
free
as
any
of
his
progenitors
were
.
Or
to
deny
those
ancient
rights
of
Prae-emption
and
Pourveyance
,
or
the
former
Compositions
for
them
,
to
a
King
who
hath
rescued
us
from
a
slavery
from
which
we
could
not
redeem
our selves
,
and
restored
all
the
Factious
and
Rebellious
parties
to
their
forfeited
Laws
and
Liberties
.
Or
that
he
should
meet
with
no
better
acknowledgements
then
that
those
who
professed
that
their
lives
,
estates
and
fortunes
should
be
at
his
dispose
in
order
to
his
service
,
and
that
they
would
be
Tenants
in
Corde
,
should
by
denying
h●s
Prae-emption
and
Pourveyance
,
or
Compositions
for
them
,
but
be
Tenants
in
Ore
,
and
by
their
high
rates
and
impositions
upon
his
houshold
provisions
,
make
it
their
business
to
take
ex
Ore
suo
that
which
should
maintain
him
&
his
houshold
.
And
that
the
King
who
publickly
professed
that
he
was
much
troubled
that
his
people
should
come
flocking
as
they
did
to
Whitehal
,
to
see
him
where
he
had
nothing
to
●eed
them
,
should
now
be
so
much
necessitated
,
or
imposed
upon
as
he
is
by
his
want
of
Pourveyance
and
the
former
way
of
Compositions
for
them
;
or
that
the
maligners
of
our
English
honor
and
prosperity
should
publish
it
in
Gath
or
Askelon
,
or
have
cause
to
upbraid
us
with
,
Hic
clarae
virtutis
honos
?
haec
gloria
sceptri
Hoc
magni
Decus
Imperii
tales
ve
Triumph●s
.
Are
these
the
promises
?
This
the
high
renown
,
Great
Empires
Honor
?
Glory
of
a
Crown
.
Or
that
our
Returns
should
be
no
more
to
a
King
,
who
doth
not
as
the
Commonwealths
of
Greece
,
the
spawn
and
Nursery
of
Republikes
,
Greece
.
Cedrenus
lib.
3.
ca.
39.
&
Zonaras
.
fill
their
Treasuries
with
Taxes
,
&
impose
,
ten
Drachmas
upon
every
house
,
Assessements
upon
every
payment
of
Silver
mony
and
Taxes
upon
Beggars
&
Whores
,
and
such
as
were
made
Free
,
upon
Cattle
,
Dung
,
Horses
,
Mules
,
Asses
,
Oxen
,
and
3.
pence
upon
every
Dog
,
or
the
Fumaria
Tributa
,
Chimney
money
leavyed
by
Nicephorus
the
Emperor
(
the
Chimney
money
which
is
now
taken
in
England
,
being
of
late
onely
granted
by
Act
of
Parliament
and
consent
of
the
people
to
supply
the
decayed
revenues
of
the
Crown
)
with
a
Tax
likewise
upon
every
man
that
grew
suddainly
rich
upon
a
presumption
that
he
had
found
some
Treasure
,
which
by
Prerogative
belonged
to
the
Emperor
,
a
Canon
or
Canonicum
Tributum
,
ordinary
or
constant
yeerly
Tribute
amounting
in
the
whole
to
as
much
as
17
s.
six
pence
,
besides
a
Sheep
,
Juris
Oriental
.
six
Bushels
of
Barley
,
six
Bushels
of
Bran
,
six
measures
of
Wine
,
and
thirty
Hens
imposed
upon
every
village
,
Julius
Caesar
Bullinger
de
Vectigalibus
.
having
thirty
Chimneys
imposed
by
●saacus
Commenius
the
Emperor
,
or
a
Tax
upon
the
rich
to
excuse
the
poor
.
Nor
as
the
Romans
did
whilst
they
were
a
Common-wealth
impose
a
Tax
or
Imposition
(
but
in
case
of
present
great
necessity
,
Roman
Empire
.
and
by
the
peoples
consent
in
Parliament
)
de
agris
&
Pascuis
,
or
a
Land
Assessement
to
make
an
Aerarium
or
Treasury
to
supply
future
emergencies
,
or
Collect
Aurum
vicesimarium
,
Appian
lib.
2.
de
bellis
Civil
.
or
a
Tax
before
hand
to
defray
the
charge
of
a
war
in
Gaule
,
when
there
should
be
any
,
or
Poll-money
(
without
common
assent
)
and
an
imposition
or
Tax
upon
salt
,
nor
raise
Taxes
and
Tributes
as
they
did
Tributim
a
singulis
ad
Tributum
solvendum
aerario
bellis
exinanito
,
to
fill
again
their
Treasuries
exhausted
by
War
,
a
Tax
or
rate
upon
Wine
,
a
tenth
of
all
Corn
,
Oyl
,
Cicero
pro
leg
.
Manilia
.
and
fruits
of
the
earth
,
and
a
twentieth
penny
of
the
estates
of
such
as
were
made
free
,
Aedilitia
vectigalia
,
a
tribute
to
maintain
their
Theaters
or
Play-houses
,
Siliquaticum
,
a
certain
Toll
in
Markets
and
Fairs
,
Cicero
lib.
Epist.
ad
Q.
fratrem
.
Vectigal
macelli
an
Excise
upon
all
flesh
and
Victuals
,
a
Tenth
of
Legacies
,
the
Decumae
▪
or
Tenths
of
the
profits
of
Lands
given
by
a
Husband
to
a
Wife
,
or
a
Wife
to
a
Husband
if
they
had
no
children
;
Legia
Papia
.
and
a
Portorium
or
custom
for
exportation
or
importation
of
Commodities
.
Did
not
make
his
Census
or
Assessements
so
poenal
in
the
not
due
discovery
of
the
peoples
estates
,
as
the
Romans
those
great
pretenders
to
love
and
liberty
,
did
in
theirs
wherein
wives
,
servants
,
and
children
were
not
exempted
sub
poena
publicationis
inflicta
his
qui
nollent
bona
sua
aestimari
v●l
mala
fide
minoris
quam
valerent
aestimari
paterentur
,
Livius
Hist.
Roman
.
under
the
penalty
of
a
forftiture
of
their
goods
if
they
should
refuse
to
have
their
estates
Assessed
,
or
suffer
them
to
be
under
valued
,
and
exact
a
rate
to
be
paid
for
the
burial
of
such
as
died
extra
patriam
,
Dio.
Cass.
lib.
50.
and
were
brought
home
to
be
buried
,
or
such
taxes
as
were
afterwards
imposed
by
the
Emperors
of
Rome
,
when
that
grand
and
universal
Commonwealth
revolved
into
its
first
constitution
and
a
Monarchy
,
as
a
third
part
of
the
revenues
of
all
men
made
Free
in
Italy
,
and
a
fourth
of
the
Natives
or
Free-holders
imposed
by
Lepidus
and
Antonius
in
their
T●iumvirate
with
Augustus
,
Plutarch
in
vita
Antonii
Strabo
in
lib.
ult.
&
Dio.
Cass.
in
Augusto
.
or
as
Augustus
Caesar
the
best
of
their
Emperors
or
Monarches
did
,
who
exacted
the
fourth
part
of
every
mans
revenue
,
and
the
eighth
of
every
mans
goods
which
were
made
free
,
to
furnish
an
Aerarium
militare
,
or
Magazin
of
money
for
the
souldery
,
a
Centesima
pars
,
or
hundred
penny
of
all
things
sold
;
a
twentieth
part
or
penny
of
all
Legacies
and
grants
of
inheritance
,
the
Vicesima
quinta
or
twenty
fifth
part
of
all
things
sold
in
the
Country
Market
Towns
,
the
Quinquagesima
or
fiftieth
part
of
wild
Beasts
brought
to
be
sold
,
and
fifteen
pence
sterling
(
for
the
peice
of
money
taken
out
of
the
Fishes
mouth
which
paid
the
Poll-money
for
our
Saviour
Christ
and
Peter
,
is
by
good
authors
reckoned
to
be
two
shillings
and
six
pence
sterling
)
for
Poll
money
the
hundred
part
of
all
things
bought
or
sold
within
the
Empire
,
taxed
before
the
Civil
Wa●s
,
and
continued
by
Tiberius
(
though
the
people
after
their
Civil
Wars
ended
,
petitioned
to
have
it
abolished
)
towards
the
supply
of
his
Aerarium
militare
,
Treasury
for
the
Army
,
and
Exacted
a
fourth
part
of
the
value
of
every
thing
sued
for
at
Law
;
a
great
penalty
upon
every
one
which
compounded
without
licence
;
a
certain
number
of
Sesterties
upon
every
marriage
contracted
,
an
eighth
part
of
all
wares
and
commodities
sold
imposed
by
Caligula
,
and
a
part
of
every
poor
Laborers
Wages
and
of
every
Beggars
Alms
;
an
Impost
upon
Urine
by
Vespasian
,
and
the
Stews
by
Severus
the
Emperor
,
Lampridius
in
Alexandro
Severo
.
and
a
part
of
Artificers
,
and
Waggoners
gains
;
some
impositions
set
upon
the
heads
of
Beasts
,
and
Tiles
of
houses
,
and
a
Vectigal
umbrae
&
aeris
,
a
Tax
for
the
shade
of
the
Plantane
Tree
by
some
of
the
ancient
Emperors
,
and
when
they
had
the
Revenue
of
a
great
part
of
the
world
at
their
command
,
and
had
the
spoils
and
treasures
thereof
,
Valen.
in
l.
modios
9.
suscept
.
lib.
10.
C.
70.
Symmachus
lib.
9.
Epist.
10.
would
not
forbear
to
leavy
the
fiftith
part
of
the
peoples
Corn
,
a
fourtieth
of
their
Barley
,
and
a
twentieth
of
their
Wine
and
Bacon
;
Praestatio
Tyronum
,
when
they
took
money
to
free
soldiers
and
young
men
from
warfare
,
which
was
causa
exitii
,
a
cause
of
the
ruine
of
Rome
,
and
that
of
Valens
the
Emperor
,
taking
money
of
the
people
of
every
Province
which
per
vices
,
or
by
turns
were
bound
to
furnish
a
sold●er
,
Paulus
Diaconus
lib.
2.
quod
cladem
attulit
Romano
Imperio
cum
nemo
militaret
,
which
d●stroyed
the
Roman
Empire
,
when
as
men
had
rather
pay
money
then
serve
their
Country
as
souldiers
,
Praestatio
Lustralis
,
which
was
paid
to
the
Emperor
every
five
yeers
for
every
thing
bought
or
sold
,
which
was
not
in
proprio
rure
,
of
the
proceed
or
growth
of
their
own
lands
;
Vectigal
Allelengyum
,
Bullinger
de
Vectigalibus
.
a
Tax
when
the
poor
were
listed
or
Mustered
for
war
,
and
the
rich
ordered
to
pay
a
certain
rate
to
buy
Arms
and
Provision
for
them
,
vectigal
Chartiaticum
,
an
Assessement
upon
Gards
,
Vectigalia
de
fluminibus
,
a
Tax
upon
Rivers
and
Lakes
,
Aurum
glebale
,
or
Coronarium
,
an
yeerly
oblation
(
so
called
)
to
the
Treasury
,
Solarium
an
yeerly
rent
upon
houses
built
upon
the
waste
,
a
Tax
upon
all
Miners
or
Mettal
men
,
D.
de
Publican
.
paid
upon
their
first
admission
;
a
certain
rate
or
imposition
set
upon
Brass
,
Iron
,
Brimstom
,
Chalk
,
Alum
,
Pitch
,
Xiphilinus
in
Neron●
&
Lampridius
.
Whe●stones
o●
Quarries
of
Stone
,
and
Vectigal
pro
mortuis
,
a
Tax
upon
the
dead
or
upon
their
Burials
,
of
which
Boundicia
or
Boadicia
our
warlike
British
Princess
complains
,
that
amongst
the
Romans
,
mori
non
licet
fine
tributo
&
mulcta
,
they
could
not
dye
without
a
Tax
paid
for
it
.
Nor
(
not
to
mention
the
meru●●mperium
almost
unlimited
despotical
or
arbitrary
power
of
the
great
Turk
,
Emperors
of
Russia
,
Industan
and
Persia
,
and
other
Eastearn
,
Asian
or
African
Princes
over
the
estates
and
fortunes
of
their
subjects
)
doth
not
do
as
the
Bishop
of
Rome
doth
,
Church
Land
,
taking
up
a
fifth
or
sixth
part
of
I●aly
,
and
the
Tributes
and
Donatives
flowing
from
all
the
Clergy
and
people
of
the
Kingdoms
&
Provinces
which
are
yet
content
to
acknowledge
his
supreme
(
as
he
calls
it
)
Vicariat
,
and
his
great
Amasses
of
Treasure
gotten
by
Bulls
,
Indulgences
,
Jubilees
,
Pardons
and
Dispensations
,
making
in
the
Total
a
greater
and
far
less
troublesome
Revenue
then
the
West
Indies
ever
amounted
unto
,
can
by
an
artificial
selling
of
all
Favors
and
benefits
which
he
either
gives
or
grants
sub
Annulo
Piscatoris
or
otherwise
,
and
Multiplication
of
Officers
cut
and
Cantelled
into
too
many
,
where
a
lesser
number
would
serve
as
Masters
of
the
streets
,
to
look
to
the
buildings
thereof
,
Chaplaines
to
sing
Mass
to
the
Palfrey
men
,
Office
of
the
Abbreviators
in
the
Chancery
,
General
of
the
Church
,
Cardinal
Chamberlain
,
Clerks
of
the
Chamber
,
Apostolical
prefect
of
the
signature
of
Justice
,
or
of
causes
delegated
for
it
,
prefect
of
the
signature
of
Grace
,
Congregation
office
,
or
Court
for
Rivers
,
Waters
and
Bridges
,
Congregation
for
the
Fountains
of
the
streets
,
Congregation
to
hear
the
grievances
of
the
people
(
which
are
made
faster
then
they
can
complain
of
them
)
the
Office
of
the
Datary
,
under
Doctor
and
Revisers
,
Paticipant
,
Pronotaries
,
twenty
four
under
Secretaries
,
twenty
Registers
of
Supplications
,
the
Summist
or
chief
Broker
in
the
sale
of
all
Officers
(
which
in
the
Court
or
Palace
,
are
very
many
and
are
subdivided
into
many
of
a
sort
,
and
hath
one
of
each
for
a
retribution
or
allowance
to
himself
)
yeilding
his
Holiness
a
great
yearly
Revenue
;
Writers
of
the
Paenitentiaries
,
Apostolical
Writers
,
Apostolical
Chamberlaines
,
Judge
of
the
Confidences
,
who
is
to
take
care
that
there
be
no
Simony
(
when
as
there
is
nothing
almost
more
frequent
)
Auditor
of
the
Contradictions
,
Corrector
of
the
Contradictions
,
Participant
,
Master
of
the
Ceremonies
,
the
Keepers
of
the
Chaines
,
and
the
Popes
four
secret
Sweepers
,
who
by
their
Exactions
and
Improvements
of
their
places
and
shifts
do
like
so
many
devouring
Minotaures
of
the
people
lurk
in
their
several
Labirinths
of
Fees
and
extortions
,
and
keep
the
people
lean
whilst
they
themselves
are
overgrown
with
Fat
,
and
where
there
are
so
many
Officers
&
men
imployed
to
catch
Fees
and
mony
,
as
the
people
&
those
that
do
bear
the
burden
,
are
like
those
that
are
stung
with
the
Fly
of
that
Country
called
Tarantula
,
may
in
a
pleasant
madness
content
themselves
as
well
as
they
can
by
the
custome
of
enduring
that
which
renders
them
not
so
sensible
as
they
would
otherwise
be
of
it
.
And
the
Citizens
of
Rome
and
mechanicks
making
it
the
more
easie
by
the
gaines
&
profit
which
they
make
by
the
confluence
of
the
people
and
strangers
thither
,
and
those
which
do
pay
so
much
mony
to
the
Popes
supernumerary
Officers
,
selling
at
greater
rates
to
others
,
what
they
themselves
paid
very
dear
for
,
and
being
men
of
other
Kingdoms
and
Nations
,
do
make
the
crys
and
complaints
which
happen
thereupon
,
to
come
short
of
his
Holiness
ears
,
or
audience
of
the
Court
of
Rome
,
where
the
other
Impositions
and
Taxes
likewise
laid
upon
the
people
were
so
intollerable
,
as
a
Pasquil
no
longer
ago
then
the
Popedome
of
Sixtus
Quintus
made
himself
and
others
as
merry
as
they
could
in
making
haste
to
dry
his
Shirt
in
the
Sun
least
his
Holiness
should
lay
some
Tax
upon
the
heat
thereof
.
Nor
as
the
King
of
Spain
doth
in
his
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
Philip
Honorius
Thesaur
.
Politic.
takes
a
Tax
for
the
Chimneys
or
Fires
in
every
house
yearly
to
be
paid
towards
the
Wages
of
soldiers
and
an
allowance
to
be
made
to
such
of
the
Nobility
as
attend
the
Vice
Roy
,
another
Tax
towards
the
Garrisons
,
and
a
great
Tax
upon
Silk
and
Cards
,
Victuals
and
houshold
provisions
,
where
the
people
having
besides
four
thousand
Barons
or
Titulado's
,
with
many
petty
Princes
,
Dukes
,
Marquesses
and
Earls
to
domineer
over
them
,
do
find
the
great
plenty
of
that
Country
converted
into
a
poverty
of
the
common
people
.
Nor
as
the
great
Duke
of
Tuscany
imposes
(
besides
other
Assessements
upon
extraordinary
necessitys
)
eight
per
cent
.
upon
Dowries
,
Philip
Honorius
Thesaur
.
Politic.
and
upon
Bills
of
Exchange
,
and
when
he
is
to
raise
any
great
sum
of
money
makes
his
list
of
all
the
rich
men
able
to
fu●nish
it
,
who
not
dareing
to
deny
it
,
are
within
twenty
eight
moneths
after
repaid
by
a
general
Taxe
laid
upon
the
people
,
exacteth
an
Excise
upon
Roots
and
Herbs
,
or
the
least
thing
necessary
for
the
life
of
man
bought
or
sold
,
or
brought
to
any
Towns
,
and
a
Tax
likewise
to
be
paid
by
every
Inholder
,
Brewer
,
Baker
,
and
Artificer
;
and
of
every
man
travailing
by
land
or
by
water
who
pays
money
at
every
Bridge
or
Gate
of
a
Town
,
Treatise
of
impositions
and
if
he
doth
not
pay
,
the
Gabeller
Arrests
him
,
and
is
ready
to
strip
him
naked
to
see
what
Goods
he
hath
which
ought
to
pay
a
Gabel
.
Neither
as
the
King
of
Spain
doth
in
Milan
where
his
subjects
do
the
better
endure
their
multitude
of
taxes
by
his
moderating
la
voragine
de
gl
.
interesse
,
le
spese
superflue
,
superfluous
expences
,
&
havendo
gli
occhi
apperti
alle
mani
de
Ministri
,
and
by
the
Magistrates
keeping
a
strict
watch
and
eye
upon
the
Ministers
of
State
and
Justice
,
who
do
notwithstanding
so
load
and
oppress
the
people
,
as
it
is
grown
into
an
Adage
or
Proverb
.
Il
ministro
di
Sicilia
rode
quel
di
Napoli
mangia
&
quel
di
Milano
divora
,
the
Governors
and
officials
of
Sicily
do
gnaw
the
estates
of
the
people
,
those
of
Naples
eat
them
,
and
those
of
Milan
devour
them
.
Nor
as
in
Spain
where
the
people
being
Tantalized
may
hear
of
Gold
and
Silver
brought
from
the
West
Indies
,
servitios
ordinarios
,
ordinary
and
formerly
accustomed
services
paid
and
done
,
and
the
Subsidies
called
Des
millions
,
upon
extraordinary
occasions
and
necessities
granted
in
their
Parliaments
or
Assemblies
of
the
Estates
,
and
the
charges
which
the
people
are
put
to
for
librancas
,
Warrants
or
Assignments
for
moneys
to
be
paid
like
a
late
and
ill
invented
way
of
Poundage
here
in
England
,
and
the
E●comienda's
,
or
recommendations
to
Offices
,
Places
or
Dignities
,
or
the
Venteia
or
sale
of
them
,
and
the
appointing
Alcaldes
or
Officers
of
Justice
in
the
Towns
and
Villages
,
and
Corregidors
o●
Governors
to
look
to
their
obedience
to
Laws
and
Taxes
,
and
the
profit
of
their
inquisitions
do
pay
the
Alcavala
or
tenth
of
every
mans
estate
first
raised
at
a
twentieth
by
Alph●nsus
the
twelfth
,
in
An.
Dom.
1342.
to
expell
the
Moors
,
and
since
though
they
be
long
ago
driven
away
,
made
a
perpetual
Revenue
,
Collect
out
of
all
Lands
,
Houses
,
Goods
&
Commodities
which
are
sold
;
and
from
Artificers
,
Workmen
,
Tavern
keepers
,
Manufactures
,
Butchers
,
Fishmongers
,
Markets
,
&c.
And
for
every
thing
sold
,
or
which
they
take
mony
for
,
an
Almoxariffe
&
do
take
a
tenth
of
all
Foraign
Commodities
imported
and
exported
,
a
tenth
of
all
Merchandize
exported
to
the
West
Indies
,
Marian
lib.
lib.
16.
&
Linsc●tanus
.
&
a
twentieth
when
they
come
thither
paid
for
importation
,
Vectigalia
decimarū
portuum
siccorum
,
or
puertos
secos
,
a
tenth
of
all
Commodities
carryed
by
Land
out
of
the
lirtle
Kingdoms
of
Valentia
,
Arragon
and
Navarre
,
and
out
of
Portugall
into
any
part
of
Spain
,
and
from
Spain
into
any
of
those
Kingdoms
two
Ducats
from
the
Natives
of
Spain
,
and
four
of
Strangers
for
every
Sack
of
Wooll
exported
,
El
Senneor-capo
de
la
moneda
,
a
Real
or
six
pence
out
of
every
six
Ducats
coyned
in
the
Mint
;
a
Tax
called
the
Almodraua
out
of
the
Tunny
Fishes
,
a
great
yearly
Revenue
out
of
salt
,
El
exercitio
,
a
tribute
for
the
maintenance
of
the
Gallies
and
Marriners
la
Monoda
Forara
,
which
is
seven
Maravedis
for
ever
Chimney
,
a
Tax
upon
Cards
,
Quicksilver
and
Russet
Cloth
made
in
Spain
,
and
the
Maestrazgos
,
a
great
Revenue
yeerly
raised
upon
the
Rents
and
Estates
of
the
Knights
of
the
Orders
of
St.
Jago
Calatrava
and
Alcantara'la
Cruzava
,
or
benefit
of
the
Kings
selling
of
the
Popes
Pardons
,
to
eat
Flesh
in
Lent
or
ti●es
prohibited
,
granted
to
maintain
the
charge
of
War
against
Infidels
or
Hereticks
,
yearly
yeilding
eighty
thousand
pounds
sterling
;
the
terzae
or
thirds
out
of
the
Lands
and
Estates
of
the
Ecclesiasticks
and
Clergy
for
the
maintenance
of
the
wars
and
defence
of
the
Catholick
Religion
over
and
above
the
Excusado
or
ordinary
Revenue
of
a
Tenth
by
the
grant
of
the
Pope
of
all
the
goods
and
Lands
of
the
Church
which
yeildeth
yearly
six
hundred
and
twenty
thousand
Duckets
,
besides
the
State
Artifices
of
getting
Bulls
or
Warrants
from
the
Pope
to
lay
heavy
Taxes
upon
the
Clergy
,
as
in
Anno
1560.
to
leavy
every
year
for
five
years
together
,
three
hundred
thousand
Crowns
with
a
liberty
of
lengthning
that
time
,
if
the
Pope
should
think
fit
to
furnish
fifty
Gallies
against
the
Infidels
and
Hereticks
;
and
two
years
after
an
Addition
of
four
hundred
thousand
Duckets
per
annum
,
and
at
another
time
three
Millions
for
six
years
to
be
yearly
paid
by
the
Clergy
,
vast
sums
of
money
yeerly
raised
out
of
their
Wine
and
Oyl
for
some
yeers
,
insomuch
as
the
Cardinal
Ossatus
complaining
of
it
,
saith
,
That
nullus
est
Clerus
in
toto
orbe
Christiano
qui
majoribus
oneribus
prematur
quam
Clerus
Hispaniae
,
no
Clergy
in
the
Christian
world
is
more
oppressed
with
Taxes
then
the
Clergy
of
Spain
.
Doth
not
lay
such
Taxes
or
Impositions
as
the
people
of
Portugal
do
bear
by
the
Alfandega's
or
Impositions
upon
all
Merchandize
(
Corn
excepted
)
Imported
,
Puertes
secos
,
or
for
goods
or
commodities
carryed
to
be
sold
by
Land
;
a
Tax
upon
Cards
,
besides
many
Almoxariffadgo's
laid
upon
the
Towns
and
people
,
a
particular
Tax
upon
Tunny
Fish
,
a
third
pa●t
yeerly
collected
of
the
Rents
and
profits
of
all
the
Revenues
belonging
to
every
City
and
Town
in
the
Kingdom
,
every
one
having
some
appropriate
unto
them
,
and
of
Fines
and
penalties
imposed
upon
any
quen●s
therein
.
Doth
not
do
as
the
Emperor
and
German
Princes
do
by
their
people
and
subjects
,
Dranksteur
,
Bierrecht
Biersteur
,
or
Excise
upon
drink
and
their
Schoorstein
oder
Caming
gelt
or
Chimny
money
Frawlensteur
certain
quantities
of
Wine
appropriate
to
the
Prince
,
&
those
many
Consuetudines
quae
praestantur
in
recognitionem
Dominii
directi
&
Jurium
Dominicalium
,
Customes
and
services
which
are
to
be
performed
to
the
Emperors
or
chief
Lords
of
whom
they
hold
and
their
Laudemia's
Leh●wahrs
or
Reliefs
,
which
if
it
be
a
Hahe
Leh●wahr
,
is
of
great
men
or
Estates
a
Twentieth
penny
,
in
Ecclesiastical
Fees
or
Revenues
two
Dollers
per
cent
.
and
in
the
Kleine
lehne
wahr
or
small
Estates
or
Revenues
,
a
sixteenth
penny
,
and
over
and
above
what
is
paid
for
Licences
of
Alienation
,
or
for
lehn
gel●
for
a
Live●y
or
investiture
into
Lands
,
Han●●ohn
,
an
Oblation
for
any
thing
written
in
a
subjects
favour
by
the
Prince
,
and
Recht
steur
a
payment
of
money
towards
the
maintenance
of
the
Courts
of
Justice
,
do
take
Turkensteur
,
a
Tribute
for
war
or
defence
against
the
Turks
,
Krieg
steur
,
a
Tax
for
the
payment
of
souldiers
;
Forst
gelt
,
Forrest
money
;
Mase
gelt
,
money
paid
for
measures
;
Malschwein
,
for
Swine
,
Last
gelt
,
Ton
money
or
gaging
of
vessels
,
Pf●ug
gelt
,
a
Tax
upon
every
Plow
,
B●lcken
gelt
Timber
money
,
Haupt
vizh
money
for
the
head
of
every
Beast
,
Zehenden
vam
Fleisch
wein
corne
Erbsen
,
Tenths
of
Flesh
,
Wine
,
Corn
and
Herbs
,
Hausen
gelt
,
a
Tax
upon
houses
,
Frey
gelt
,
money
upon
the
making
men
to
be
free
;
Schuck
gelt
Shoo
money
,
Brucken
gelt
Bridge
money
,
●eg
gelt
way
money
,
or
for
passage
,
Auf●nauch
gelt
or
Auf●arth
money
paid
in
Cities
and
Towns
for
being
chosen
into
any
Office
or
Magistracy
,
and
Abefarth
Abschusz
Ablosung
when
one
removeth
his
Family
or
houshold
from
one
City
or
Town
to
another
,
and
is
to
pay
a
tenth
of
any
goods
sold
upon
such
removals
,
Toll
or
Foriscapium
to
be
paid
by
the
buyer
over
and
above
the
price
agreed
to
be
paid
to
the
seller
,
Accisz
upon
all
Commodities
sold
and
spent
,
and
a
Land
steur
Tribute
upon
Lands
which
is
ex
voluntate
superioris
&
ob
necessitatem
supervenientem
variantur
,
imposed
(
for
the
other
as
aide
against
the
Turks
,
and
for
payment
of
souldiers
are
to
be
by
publike
assent
ordained
at
their
Diets
or
Parliaments
)
it
the
pleasure
of
the
Prince
,
and
varied
according
to
occasions
or
necessities
.
And
so
many
other
Taxes
and
payments
for
the
publike
,
saith
B●soldus
,
ut
nominibus
laboretur
,
as
there
are
scarce
names
enough
for
them
,
Besoldus
de
Aerario
.
Public
.
so
that
as
free
and
full
of
liberties
as
that
Nation
did
heretofore
suppose
themselves
to
have
been
,
they
do
find
by
their
Taxes
and
payments
that
the
feathers
which
their
Electors
,
Dukes
,
Margraues
,
Counts
,
Barons
,
and
Imperial
Cities
have
e●ther
taken
by
force
,
gained
by
favor
or
purchased
for
money
from
the
Imperial
Roman
Eagle
,
which
Crantzius
and
other
good
Authors
do
heavily
complain
of
,
have
but
increased
rather
then
eased
the
burdens
of
the
common
people
.
Doth
not
as
the
King
of
the
French
,
who
besides
his
Foüages
or
Chimney
money
,
which
(
though
they
of
Gulen
did
heretofore
so
little
like
of
as
they
rebelled
against
our
famous
English
Black
Prince
for
imposing
twelve
pence
upon
every
Chimney
)
they
believe
in
that
and
the
other
parts
of
France
to
be
accustumez
de
toute
Anciennete
,
allowed
by
all
Antiquity
,
the
services
and
profits
Feodall
,
le
Paulet
,
or
a
Tax
of
four
Deniers
upon
every
liuer
,
or
two
shillings
of
the
yeerly
value
of
Offices
,
profits
of
Prizes
at
Sea
,
and
of
the
Admiralty
,
Tenths
and
first
fruits
payable
by
Ecclesiastical
persons
Escheates
,
Ottroyes
,
Licenses
,
and
Dons
gratuits
,
gifts
,
or
oblations
and
Regalities
,
doth
continue
as
perpetual
a
Tax
called
le
Tailon
,
imposed
by
King
Henry
the
second
,
in
the
year
one
thousand
five
hundred
fourty
nine
,
to
increase
the
Wages
of
the
soldery
in
regard
of
the
dearness
of
victuals
,
and
the
burdens
which
the
men
at
Arms
or
Gens
d'
armes
,
did
lay
upon
the
Laborers
and
common
people
,
la
Creüe
,
or
augmentation
for
the
pay
of
the
Army
,
an
Impost
of
the
twentieth
penny
upon
Wine
sold
in
gross
,
the
eighth
,
upon
all
in
Normandy
by
retail
,
and
a
Tax
upon
all
drink
,
now
made
a
constant
Revenue
of
the
Crown
;
a
Tax
upon
every
vessel
of
Wine
(
which
in
the
time
of
Julius
Caesar
,
had
no
Imposition
or
burden
laid
upon
it
)
carryed
into
Walled
Towns
,
or
the
Suburbs
,
and
to
pay
as
much
though
it
be
transported
from
thence
again
before
it
be
sold
▪
B●llinger
de
Vectigalibus
.
The
Gabell
upon
Salt
,
which
being
imposed
by
Philip
the
long
,
with
a
Protestation
that
it
should
continue
but
a
while
,
and
afterwards
by
Philip
de
Valois
in
the
year
one
thousand
three
hundred
twenty
eight
,
who
declared
that
he
intended
not
to
incorporate
it
to
the
Royal
Demeasnes
,
&
being
remitted
by
Charles
the
fifth
in
the
year
one
thousand
three
hundred
sixty
nine
,
is
since
made
perpetual
and
annexed
to
the
Royal
Revenue
and
the
King
and
his
successors
,
are
become
the
only
Merchants
of
Salt
,
whereof
every
house
is
to
take
a
certain
proportion
loaded
with
the
Kings
Taxe
and
Imposition
upon
it
,
though
it
be
more
then
he
have
occasion
to
expend
,
the
aequivalent
or
aequipollent
which
in
Narbonne
was
granted
for
the
abolition
of
an
old
Tax
of
the
twentieth
part
of
the
price
of
all
moveables
sold
by
retail
about
the
year
one
thousand
four
hundred
and
sixty
,
and
agreed
to
be
paid
by
a
Denier
in
every
Liure
,
not
onely
for
all
moveables
but
of
Flesh
and
Fish
sold
by
Retail
,
and
the
sixtieth
part
of
all
the
Wine
bought
to
sell
again
,
and
is
paid
in
Au●erg●e
for
a
liberty
to
buy
their
Salt
where
they
please
,
and
to
be
exempt
from
the
Tax
and
Imposition
of
buying
it
at
the
Kings
Granaries
or
Salt
Magazines
(
being
with
Wine
a
great
part
of
the
natural
commodities
of
the
Country
)
besides
the
other
Impostes
,
Entries
or
Customes
to
be
paid
in
Towns
,
or
for
Peages
and
passages
by
Land
or
Water
,
la
subsistance
,
which
in
the
Raign
of
King
Henry
the
fourth
and
since
have
been
leavyed
,
pour
faire
subsister
les
soldats
dans
les
quartiers
d'
hyver
moyennant
quoi
on
devoit
estre
exempt
du
logement
de
la
Gens
d'
armes
durant
l'
hyver
,
to
keep
the
souldiers
in
or
to
maintain
them
in
their
quarters
all
the
Winter
,
and
to
be
exempt
from
the
trouble
of
lodging
them
in
,
their
houses
,
la
solde
d●
50
mille
hommes
,
a
Tax
for
the
wages
of
fifty
thousand
men
first
laid
upon
the
Cities
and
Walled
Towns
by
King
Francis
the
first
,
for
that
they
could
hinder
their
passage
thorough
their
Towns
,
or
coming
into
them
and
after
upon
the
Country
,
to
be
paid
without
exemption
of
persons
or
allowance
of
priviledge
with
an
addition
of
charge
added
thereunto
by
an
Ordinance
of
that
King
for
the
maintenance
of
the
seven
Legions
of
Foot
consisting
of
six
thousand
men
a
peece
for
the
safeguard
of
the
Kingdom
,
the
tenths
of
all
the
Benefices
and
Dignities
,
Ecclesiasticks
and
Commonalties
erected
into
Benefices
,
which
have
a
Revenue
in
perpetual
succession
,
les
deniers
Communs
,
or
monies
imposed
upon
Cities
and
Towns
for
the
repair
,
fortification
or
defence
of
them
,
or
of
any
Castles
or
Forts
,
to
which
all
are
to
contribute
without
exemption
;
the
rights
and
payments
due
out
of
very
many
Bishopricks
,
and
Archbishopricks
for
Quints
and
Requints
,
Rachapts
,
Censives
,
Lots
,
Ventes
,
Saisines
,
Amandes
,
Justices
,
Greffes
,
Auboines
&
confiscations
,
the
Estappes
or
Annonae
militares
,
free
quarterings
or
Provisions
for
the
Armies
or
souldiers
in
their
March
,
or
encampings
,
contributions
in
times
of
peace
,
pour
le
Ban
&
arriere
Ban
,
upon
Fiefs
and
Tenures
,
lev●es
de
Chevaux
&
Charriotts
,
a
leavy
upon
Carts
and
Carriages
,
&
le
Traicte
&
Imposition
forraigne
,
being
a
twentieth
penny
,
&
extending
to
all
commodities
that
are
carryed
by
Land
out
of
the
Kingdom
into
other
Kingdoms
and
Territories
,
as
out
of
France
into
Catalonia
,
Spain
,
Lorraine
,
Savoy
,
Flanders
and
Italy
,
makes
as
much
as
an
Excise
upon
Corn
,
Wine
,
Oyle
,
Flesh
,
Fish
,
Poultery
,
Herbs
,
Fruits
,
and
all
sorts
of
Victuals
and
Provisions
for
the
Belly
and
the
Back
.
All
which
before
mentioned
Taxes
and
Impositions
being
become
as
the
Sieur
Girard
du
Haillan
saith
,
Gerard
du
Haillan
de
l'
estat
.
des
affaires
de
France
.
who
wrote
in
the
later
end
of
the
Raign
of
their
King
Henry
the
fourth
,
Patrimonial
and
Hereditary
,
or
as
Droits
du
Domaine
,
without
any
distinction
betwixt
the
times
of
war
or
peace
;
and
leavied
as
the
ordinary
Revenues
of
the
Crown
of
France
have
been
by
the
Artifice
of
Lewis
the
11.
and
other
his
successors
,
more
then
doubled
or
trebled
,
by
other
Tailles
,
Taxes
,
and
Impositions
which
are
laid
upon
extraordinary
occasions
by
the
Kings
Ordonnances
or
Letters
Parents
,
quand
bon
lui
s●mble
,
at
his
own
will
and
pleasure
,
and
so
much
as
the
Sieur
de
Haillan
,
complains
that
ilz
ne
se
sont
contentez
des
dites
Tailles
mais
peu
a
peu
ont
mis
sur
le
dos
du
pa●ure
peuple
les
autres
impositions
&
depuis
on
a
mis
Taille
sur
Taille
,
&
imposition
sur
imposition
dont
la
France
se
est
esmeüe
contre
ses
Roys
&
ils
en
ont
cuide
perdre
la
France
,
they
were
not
content
with
those
(
ordinary
)
Taxes
,
but
by
little
and
little
have
put
upon
the
backs
of
the
poor
people
,
Tax
upon
Tax
,
and
Imposition
upon
imposition
,
which
caused
a
sedition
and
rebellion
amongst
the
people
which
had
almost
lost
or
destroyed
all
France
;
and
in
stead
of
diminishing
are
more
and
more
increased
,
though
their
good
King
St.
Lewis
,
who
raigned
in
Anno
Domini
,
one
thousand
two
hundred
and
thirty
,
did
upon
his
death
bed
in
the
words
of
a
dying
man
(
as
Bodin
saith
)
inserted
into
his
last
Will
&
Testament
,
exhort
his
son
Philip
to
be
legum
&
Morum
sui
Imperii
Custos
&
vindex
acerrimus
ac
ut
vectigalibus
&
tributis
abstineret
nisi
summa
necessitas
ac
util●●atis
publicae
justissima
causa
impellat
,
Bodin
de
Repub.
l.
6.
to
be
a
Guardian
and
severe
observer
of
the
Laws
and
customs
of
his
Kingdom
,
and
abstain
from
Taxes
and
Impositions
,
unless
there
should
be
a
great
necessity
,
or
it
should
appear
to
be
for
the
good
of
the
people
,
and
that
afterwards
Philip
de
Valois
did
in
an
Assembly
of
the
three
Estates
in
Anno
one
thousand
three
hundred
thirty
eight
,
Enact
and
decree
ne
ullum
Tributi
aut
vectigalis
genus
nisi
consentientibus
ordinibus
imperaretur
,
that
no
kinde
of
Tallage
or
Tax
should
be
leavyed
without
the
consent
of
the
three
Eastes
.
So
very
many
have
been
day
after
day
added
,
as
there
is
not
to
be
wanted
a
Tax
or
Imposition
for
Pi●s
for
the
Queen
,
and
for
Clouts
against
her
time
of
Child-bed
,
with
Daces
or
Tributes
,
Peages
,
Impositions
upon
the
going
out
and
in
of
Towns
and
other
places
,
Taxes
for
passage
,
upon
the
high
ways
,
Emprunts
generaux
&
particuliers
,
borrowing
of
money
in
general
or
particular
(
ad
nunquam
Solvenda
,
never
to
be
paid
again
)
vente
&
confirmation
des
offices
,
sale
of
Offices
and
places
of
Justice
and
Judicature
(
which
their
ancient
and
fundamental
Laws
and
customes
do
forbid
)
and
being
cut
into
small
parts
and
multiplyed
do
make
up
a
very
great
Total
or
number
,
and
by
a
common
and
publike
Merchandise
of
them
,
have
increased
those
great
corruptions
,
delays
and
intrigues
of
Justice
by
appeals
and
otherwise
,
which
our
learned
Fortescue
,
Chancellor
to
our
King
Henry
the
sixth
,
observed
in
the
time
of
his
Exile
,
was
no
small
grievance
of
the
people
,
and
made
that
litium
fertilitas
,
abundance
of
suits
and
controversies
;
which
their
own
Learned
Bodin
doth
ingeniously
acknowledge
to
be
so
very
many
,
as
vix
in
omnibus
Europae
Regionibus
&
imperiis
tot
lites
sint
quam
in
hoc
unto
Imperio
,
Bodin
lib.
6.
de
Repub.
there
are
not
so
many
suits
in
Law
almost
in
all
the
Counties
and
Kingdoms
of
Europe
put
all
together
as
they
were
(
in
his
time
)
in
that
one
Kingdome
of
France
,
which
besides
the
Ottroys
or
aydes
granted
by
the
three
Estates
and
universal
consent
of
the
people
upon
publike
and
great
emergencies
and
occasions
,
are
with
many
Arbitrary
Taxes
and
Assessements
,
as
the
King
or
the
necessities
of
War
or
State
shall
require
,
much
the
more
burdensome
to
the
Pesants
Bourgeois
and
Artizans
,
or
a
third
or
lower
estate
of
the
people
,
for
that
all
the
Clergy
so
long
as
they
live
Clericalement
,
without
taking
of
Farms
or
dealing
in
Lay
matters
,
which
with
their
Tenants
and
dependencies
have
been
in
the
Raign
of
King
Henry
the
fourth
,
reckoned
to
be
an
hideous
number
,
are
to
be
exempt
from
the
Tailles
or
Arbitrary
Taxes
,
as
likewise
all
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
which
are
many
and
very
numerous
,
both
in
the
greater
and
lesser
sort
of
them
,
and
that
most
men
of
any
Estate
both
of
the
long
Robe
,
or
Lawyers
,
or
soldiers
,
or
other
lower
ranks
do
by
purchase
procure
themselves
to
be
of
the
nobless
or
Gentry
,
for
that
they
are
thereby
to
be
freed
from
arbitrary
Tallages
,
insomuch
as
some
thousands
have
been
at
once
enfranchised
,
made
Gentlemen
and
inrolled
into
that
condition
or
quality
for
such
lands
as
they
hold
in
their
hands
,
there
being
amongst
those
which
are
exempted
also
reckoned
the
Domesticks
of
the
King
and
Queens
,
the
house
and
Crown
of
France
,
and
their
sons
,
daughters
,
brothers
and
sisters
if
they
do
not
Traffick
or
negotiate
further
then
with
the
increase
of
their
own
Lands
and
Revenues
.
With
such
also
as
are
exempt
by
pa●ticular
Mandates
,
and
Ordinances
of
the
King
,
as
amongst
the
souldiers
and
Life
Guards
,
the
Captains
,
Lieutenants
,
Cornets
,
Guidons
,
Quartermasters
,
men
at
Arms
,
Archers
,
Fourriers
and
other
Officers
of
Companies
,
Provosts
of
the
Marshals
,
and
their
Lieutenants
,
Paymasters
of
the
Companies
,
Commissaries
and
Comptrollers
at
war
,
Contrerolleur
general
,
and
other
Officers
of
the
Ar●illery
,
Mort
or
dead
pays
Mint
Masters
,
and
such
as
do
work
in
the
Mint
,
the
Kings
Secretaries
,
the
Rectors
or
Governors
of
Universities
,
Heads
of
Colledges
,
Notaries
,
Bedels
,
Scholars
,
or
such
as
are
actually
Students
,
Physitians
,
Presidents
,
Councellors
,
Advocates
,
Proctors
,
Greffiers
or
Officers
of
Courts
of
Justice
,
Ushers
of
Courts
,
Soveraign
and
other
Officers
,
also
all
Office●s
in
inferior
Courts
which
are
as
many
almost
as
there
are
V●llages
,
Stewardships
,
Bayliages
,
or
petit
jurisdictions
)
as
the
Lieutenants
Criminel
and
Civil
,
general
or
particular
,
their
Councellors
,
Greffiers
,
and
other
Officers
,
and
the
chief
Magistrates
of
Tholouse
during
the
year
of
their
Magistracy
.
And
are
so
much
the
more
a
burden
and
grievous
to
the
common
people
by
the
partial●ty
of
the
Elections
,
or
those
in
every
Province
which
are
the
Tax
Masters
&
by
the
exactions
of
the
Collectors
&
particular
receivers
,
Controlleurs
generaux
Receivers
,
generauz
Tresoriers
de
l'
Espargne
Commis
,
inspectors
of
the
Revenue
and
Clercs
des
Finances
,
which
their
great
Henry
or
Henry
the
fourth
did
so
well
unde●stand
to
be
a
torment
and
a
trouble
to
the
people
,
as
he
said
that
On
fait
payer
double
Taille
l'
une
est
a
moy
&
l'
autre
aux
officers
la
seconde
rend
la
premiere
insupportable
car
les
despens
que
f●nt
les
officers
montent
plus
que
la
Taille
,
Hist.
de
la
Mort.
de
Henry
.
4.
my
people
do
pay
double
Taxes
or
Tallages
,
by
paying
as
much
to
the
Officers
as
to
me
,
which
do
make
the
Taxes
insupportable
for
the
charge
of
the
Officers
do
exceed
that
of
the
Tax
.
Insomuch
as
the
Paisants
,
Artizans
and
common
people
of
France
,
may
bewail
the
loss
of
the
virtues
of
the
old
Gaules
and
Franks
,
their
Ancestors
and
predecessors
,
that
the
Parliament
of
Paris
,
once
the
guide
of
that
Nation
,
and
representing
the
three
Estates
of
that
Kingdom
,
is
now
become
but
an
extraordinary
Court
of
Justice
to
verifie
the
Kings
commands
and
Edicts
with
a
Car
tel
est
nostre
plaisir
,
for
so
is
our
will
&
pleasure
,
&
lament
the
change
of
their
Government
and
ancient
constitutions
,
and
the
wasting
and
dismembring
of
the
ancient
Domaine
and
Revenue
of
the
Crown
of
France
,
which
notwithstanding
it
be
a
part
of
the
Oath
of
the
Kings
of
France
at
their
Coronations
not
to
alien
any
of
that
sacrum
Patrimonium
,
or
perpetual
maintenance
intended
for
the
Crown
,
and
the
returns
of
those
many
great
Appennages
and
childrens
Estates
created
out
of
them
by
the
Escheat
or
coming
back
of
Normandy
,
Britain
,
and
other
great
Provinces
,
and
many
Revnions
,
Rachapts
and
Retraicts
is
now
de
cursu
temporis
,
by
a
long
course
of
time
and
necessities
of
State
or
Royal
munificences
languished
and
brought
into
the
small
compass
of
twenty
thousand
pounds
per
annum
sterling
,
the
Forests
and
Chases
not
included
,
so
as
that
Crown
and
the
Important
affairs
thereof
are
now
onely
upheld
and
supported
by
Taxes
and
a
grand
and
yearly
Revenue
raised
out
of
them
to
help
to
maintain
souldiers
and
Armies
,
the
Tax
making
a
more
then
ordinary
necessity
of
Armies
,
and
their
pay
and
maintenance
,
a
necessity
of
multitudes
of
Taxes
imposed
upon
the
people
.
Who
may
now
believe
that
they
are
under
a
harder
fate
then
the
common
people
of
the
old
Gaules
were
,
whom
Julius
Caesar
,
now
above
seventeen
hundred
years
ago
found
to
be
under
so
much
vassalage
and
contempt
,
as
he
saith
,
Caesars
Comment.
lib.
6.
apud
Galles
nihil
fere
plebe
contemptius
,
amongst
the
Gaules
nothing
is
more
contemptible
then
the
common
people
,
by
how
much
it
is
now
increased
,
and
made
more
then
it
was
then
,
by
their
Taxes
and
poverty
,
affording
them
little
more
comfort
then
to
be
sometimes
able
to
purchase
some
of
our
English
old
Shoos
transported
thither
as
a
Merchandize
,
and
some
of
our
old
Cloths
,
Carbonadoed
,
and
trimmed
up
or
revived
a
la
mode
de
France
.
Doth
not
use
his
subjects
as
those
of
Lorraine
,
Treatise
of
Impositions
do
pay
a
certain
Tax
for
the
pa●ns
of
Glasse
in
their
Windows
.
Nor
as
those
of
Ferrara
,
Philip
Honorius
Thesaur
.
Politic.
the
people
do
pay
a
tenth
of
the
true
value
of
all
things
exported
and
imported
,
and
as
much
out
of
every
Contract
,
Lease
,
Gift
,
or
Alienation
,
and
endure
the
gnawings
and
bitings
of
the
Officers
and
Tax
Masters
,
which
are
to
them
as
unwelcome
as
the
Lice
and
Frogs
,
some
of
the
Plagues
of
Egypt
,
every
time
that
they
come
amongst
them
.
Nor
as
the
State
and
Republike
of
Venice
that
Lottery
of
liberty
,
Philip
Honorius
Thesaur
.
Politic.
Friuli
thirty
thousand
,
Dalmatia
ten
thousand
,
besides
what
they
have
yeerly
out
of
Zant
,
Candy
,
and
Corcyra
,
do
pay
a
great
Excise
or
Imposition
upon
Oyl
,
Wine
,
Corn
,
Iron
,
Fruit
,
Wood
,
Bakehouses
,
Mills
,
and
all
Commodities
,
exported
and
imported
▪
and
do
with
their
burdens
on
their
backs
,
but
draw
blancks
in
stead
of
real
immunities
and
liberties
,
admire
and
talk
of
the
inestimable
Treasury
and
Arsenall
of
that
City
which
sitteth
as
a
Lady
upon
many
waters
and
please
themselves
with
the
glimmering
and
far
distant
hopes
that
they
or
some
of
their
posterities
may
one
time
or
another
by
the
chance
of
the
Balloting
Box
,
come
to
be
a
Senator
or
Clarissimo
,
or
obtain
some
gainful
Magistracy
▪
or
the
Procuratorship
of
St.
Mark
,
and
are
notwithstanding
so
little
pleased
with
their
Taxes
and
Tax-masters
,
when
they
do
better
think
of
it
as
their
Masters
the
Doge
and
Signory
,
dare
not
at
home
Trust
any
of
their
Natives
with
any
commands
or
generalship
in
their
hired
Armies
,
but
do
rather
adventure
the
success
and
conduct
of
the
wars
in
the
hands
of
Foraigners
and
other
Nations
.
Doth
not
do
as
the
King
of
Sweden
,
who
(
besides
his
Aydes
from
the
people
for
publike
occasions
,
Doth
not
do
as
the
Dutch
United
Provinces
and
their
hoghen
Mogen
or
Corporation
of
Kings
,
Holland
and
the
Vnited
Provinces
.
are
pleased
to
do
,
who
besides
their
Schoorsteen
gelt
or
Chimney
money
yeerly
paid
,
and
other
monies
raised
upon
extraordinary
necessities
,
do
yeerly
exact
and
leavy
de
twee
honder●ste
penning
,
two
hundreth
penny
,
and
the
thousandth
penny
of
every
mans
estate
towards
the
charges
of
the
wars
,
and
as
ordinary
payments
and
Assessements
,
Philip
Caesius
a
Zesen
in
Leone
Belgic
.
quae
semel
recepta
,
as
some
of
their
own
do
acknowledge
semper
exiguntur
,
once
crept
into
a
custom
are
always
leavyed
de
imposte●
v●n
de
huizen
,
which
is
an
eighth
penny
paid
out
of
the
Rent
of
every
house
,
and
a
Gulder
,
or
our
two
shillings
for
every
man
or
Maid-servant
,
which
the
Master
or
Mistriss
is
bound
yearly
to
pay
,
and
as
much
for
every
Waggon
or
Boat
,
the
Ships
or
greater
Vessels
having
a
rate
imposed
upon
them
according
to
the
Tun
six
gulderen
,
or
twelve
shillings
sterling
per
annum
upon
every
Coach
,
almost
a
sixth
penny
of
the
Rent
of
Lands
per
annum
as
the
Magistrate
shall
estimate
it
,
four
Stivers
and
a
half
,
almost
our
five
pence
for
every
Acre
of
Land
sowed
with
Corn
or
other
things
for
every
moneth
from
the
time
of
the
sowing
of
it
,
untill
the
Reaping
or
Harvest
thereof
,
the
four●ieth
penny
,
and
in
Amsterdam
the
eightieth
penny
as
well
as
the
fortieth
of
all
Houses
,
Lands
or
Ships
sold
which
as
to
the
houses
is
so
often
as
the
State
is
believed
to
get
in
a
few
years
the
full
price
or
value
thereof
,
den
impost
van
veze
gelde
brieven
,
which
is
upon
every
paper
wherein
any
Contract
,
last
Will
and
Testament
,
Petition
or
Act
in
any
Court
or
Assemly
,
or
before
any
Magistrate
,
shall
be
written
to
be
of
any
force
or
validity
,
and
to
be
sealed
in
the
Margin
of
every
leaf
of
Paper
with
a
small
seal
,
two
stivers
or
two
pence
half
penny
,
and
with
a
greater
seal
if
it
be
of
more
concernment
four
stivers
or
five
pence
,
the
Impost
van
onge●on
cerde
processen
,
for
a
Fine
paid
for
not
making
good
an
Action
or
Suite
for
every
fifty
Guilders
,
or
five
pounds
sued
for
,
thirty
stivers
or
three
shillings
English
,
●out
gelt
a
certain
quantity
of
salt
sold
by
the
Magistrates
at
a
certain
rate
or
price
to
every
Family
or
Town
,
Excise
upon
Beer
,
French
,
Spanish
,
Rhenish
,
and
Brandewine
,
Oyls
,
Vineger
,
Butter
,
Corn
,
ground
at
the
Mill
,
Pease
,
Fatches
,
Barly
,
Oats
,
Pease
dryed
or
undryed
in
the
Oven
,
Apples
,
Pears
,
Nuts
,
Grapes
,
Herring
,
Salt
,
Fish
,
Candles
either
Wax
or
Tallow
,
Turfs
,
English
or
Scottish
,
Coles
,
Tobacco
,
Sope
,
Pitch
,
Lead
,
Brick
,
Cloth
,
Silk
and
Cloth
of
Gold
,
Convoy
G●lden
Convoy
money
for
guarding
Ships
at
Sea
;
and
haven
gelden
for
money
to
maintain
and
repair
their
Ports
and
Havens
,
a
seventh
penny
of
the
price
of
all
Beasts
or
Cattel
sold
,
three
stivers
for
every
moneth
for
every
young
Beast
of
three
years
old
or
above
,
and
two
for
Horses
,
the
ninth
penny
of
the
price
of
Sturgeons
and
Salmons
,
the
eighth
of
the
price
of
Wood
,
and
the
ninth
of
Tapestry
,
Hangings
,
and
guilt
leather
,
their
licenten
or
money
to
be
paid
for
Passes
,
or
Licence
to
carry
Merchandize
into
the
enemies
Country
or
Quarters
,
for
every
Hog
or
Pig
killed
three
stivers
and
a
half
for
every
gulder
of
the
value
,
cum
multis
aliis
,
with
many
other
Taxes
and
Assessements
not
here
recited
,
the
most
of
which
notwithstanding
seven
or
eight
years
perfect
and
compleat
peace
with
their
potent
and
long
provoked
enemy
the
Spaniard
in
more
then
threescore
years
warres
,
Masses
of
money
expended
on
both
sides
can
be
yet
kept
on
foot
and
continued
upon
the
pretences
of
paying
of
debts
incurred
,
or
to
provide
and
furnish
a
Treasury
against
future
contingencies
,
or
to
keep
the
government
in
the
hands
of
the
hoghen
moghen
,
high
and
mighty
Lords
the
States
,
who
have
tasted
the
sweetness
of
governing
their
fellow
subjects
,
by
laying
out
of
the
peoples
money
and
imposing
Taxes
to
maintain
that
frame
of
a
Commonwealth
,
which
pessimo
exemplo
,
hath
so
much
troubled
Christendom
,
and
cost
them
more
blood
and
money
then
would
have
subdued
the
Turk
,
and
sent
him
from
his
Ottoman
Port
to
abide
the
Resurrection
of
his
Mahomet
or
worthless
Progenitor
at
Mecca
,
and
they
that
thought
themselves
undone
and
ruined
in
the
beginning
of
the
Duke
of
Alvas
government
,
if
they
should
pay
a
tenth
for
all
that
was
bought
or
sold
and
made
that
to
be
one
of
their
causes
to
shake
off
their
obedience
,
and
ingage
in
a
war
against
their
lawful
Prince
,
could
since
endure
more
then
ten
times
greater
Taxes
and
Impositions
,
and
can
now
be
content
to
pay
excessive
rates
and
prices
for
all
things
that
they
do
buy
or
use
,
and
greater
Taxes
and
Tributes
then
any
the
most
absolute
King
or
Prince
would
adventure
to
impose
upon
his
subjects
,
Et
haec
omnia
teste
Grotio
tempus
&
majora
&
ferendi
assuetudine
molli●ra
f●cit
,
Philippus
Caesius
a
Zesen
in
Leo●e
Belgico
&
Grotius
in
Epist.
which
as
the
learned
Grotius
saith
,
time
and
a
custome
of
bea●ing
such
burdens
have
made
more
easie
,
and
their
Magistrates
cunningly
obse●ving
the
disposition
of
that
people
,
quaestus
inhiantem
ac
magis
pecuniae
quam
gloriae
ac
honoris
,
to
be
more
greedy
of
gain
and
money
then
of
honor
or
glory
,
for
so
Meteranus
and
Strada
describes
their
nature
and
conditions
,
Strada
Decad.
1.
have
put
them
on
and
incouraged
them
to
a
liberty
of
gain
and
enriching
themselves
aswell
as
their
Commonwealth
and
made
that
to
be
as
the
sugar
to
sweeten
the
bitte●ness
of
their
Taxes
.
Quae
hic
multo
graviora
Graviora
ac
in
aliis
si●
dictis
non
liberis
Regionibus
,
which
are
there
greater
then
in
other
Countries
,
which
are
said
to
be
not
so
free
,
Et
ex
hac
Regiones
ac
urbes
seu
potius
earum
Magistratus
liberum
absolutumque
exercent
Imperium
Imo
liberius
&
absolutius
quam
multis
est
Regibus
in
sibi
subjectos
,
Philippus
Caesius
a
Zesen
in
Leone
Belgico
,
Sect.
6.130
,
131.
populus
autem
eodem
respecto
multo
subjectos
servilioris
&
addictioris
est
conditionis
quam
ullae
aliae
in
Europa
gentes
;
and
by
this
means
those
Provinces
and
Cities
,
or
rather
their
Governors
or
Magistrates
do
exercise
a
●ull
and
absolute
Dominion
over
them
,
yea
a
greater
and
more
absolute
then
many
Kings
do
over
their
subjects
;
and
the
people
are
the●eby
made
to
be
under
a
greater
vassalage
,
and
in
a
more
servile
and
slavish
condition
then
any
other
Nation
in
Europe
,
and
it
is
therefore
more
then
a
surmise
that
lucri
faciendi
effraenata
licencia
,
an
unbounded
licence
in
the
Magistrate
to
Tax
the
people
,
and
a
licence
to
the
people
in
stead
of
a
liberty
to
Trade
and
coz●n
one
another
,
makes
them
so
patient
to
undergo
those
vectigali●
ac
Collationes
aliaque
servil●a
onera
,
Taxes
,
payments
and
servil
burdens
,
which
otherwise
they
would
be
unwilling
to
endure
.
All
or
most
of
which
being
continued
and
lying
heavy
upon
them
,
upon
pretences
of
debts
incurred
for
the
publike
to
be
paid
,
or
otherwise
have
made
such
a
dearth
of
all
houshold
provisions
,
as
that
notwithstanding
that
their
huge
Granaries
at
Amsterdam
are
always
stored
with
abundance
of
Corn
to
transport
and
sell
to
all
other
Nations
and
Kingdoms
where
they
finde
any
scarcity
or
want
of
it
,
a
family
of
ten
persons
,
more
then
one
half
whereof
have
been
young
children
,
have
this
last
Winter
amongst
other
Victuals
,
as
Flesh
,
Fish
,
Roots
,
&c.
been
inforced
to
spend
17
s.
sterling
in
a
week
in
ordinary
and
common
bread
,
and
twelve
shillings
sterling
within
the
same
Circle
of
time
for
Turfe
or
Firing
,
and
the
generality
of
the
Nation
,
are
sinking
so
fast
into
a
poverty
,
as
by
an
exact
account
taken
thereof
,
there
have
been
this
last
year
more
then
in
any
of
the
former
years
above
eighty
thousand
Pawns
brought
into
the
publike
Lumbard
at
Amsterdam
;
and
may
teach
them
and
all
the
world
at
last
how
great
the
difference
will
be
betwixt
a
natural
and
hereditary
Prince
,
governing
by
the
known
Laws
of
a
Nation
,
and
with
less
charges
,
and
that
which
is
onely
upheld
by
the
power
of
money
and
Taxes
to
make
and
preserve
an
interest
for
those
who
are
the
only
gainers
by
it
.
Did
not
in
any
of
his
necessities
as
some
of
his
predecessors
Kings
of
England
have
done
in
theirs
both
before
and
since
the
Conquest
,
continue
and
take
the
Tax
of
Dane
gelt
(
laid
to
expel
that
Nation
out
of
England
)
after
they
were
quieted
and
returned
home
,
nor
as
many
of
the
English
Lords
of
divers
Mannors
have
done
,
and
do
to
this
day
require
and
take
of
their
Tenants
,
Peter
pence
,
or
Chimney
money
,
amounting
in
some
Mannors
to
considerable
summes
,
though
it
was
long
since
abolished
by
Act
of
Parliament
,
and
was
not
to
be
taken
in
that
kind
,
or
for
that
purpose
,
nor
doth
by
wars
or
impositions
impoverish
his
people
as
some
of
his
neighbors
have
done
or
made
them
to
complain
as
the
common
people
of
Normandy
did
not
long
ago
,
De
secret
des
Finances
de
France
.
that
they
were
une
uraye
Anatomy
de
corps
humain
auquel
ne
reste
plus
que
les
os
le
Peau
&
encore
foulez
,
like
an
Anatomy
of
a
mans
body
which
had
nothing
but
bones
and
skin
left
upon
it
,
and
that
also
foul
enough
,
but
hath
made
them
in
the
generality
richer
then
himself
,
and
more
abounding
in
plenty
and
riches
then
any
Nation
of
Christendom
.
And
being
the
son
and
heir
of
the
Crowns
and
Kingdoms
as
well
as
afflictions
of
his
Royal
Father
King
Charles
the
Martyr
,
who
in
the
Halcion
,
and
peaceable
days
of
the
former
part
of
his
Raign
did
so
much
abhor
the
mode
or
manner
of
an
Arbitary
Government
,
as
he
did
imprison
in
the
Tower
of
London
that
Monarch
of
Letters
and
Learning
,
the
great
Selden
,
together
with
Mr.
Oliver
St.
John
,
for
but
having
in
their
custody
or
divulging
a
Manuscript
or
discourse
written
by
Sir
Robert
Dudley
a
titular
Duke
of
Tuscany
,
and
an
English
Fugitive
of
the
way
and
means
how
to
make
the
King
a
great
Revenue
according
to
the
manner
of
Gabels
or
Taxes
in
Italy
,
borrowed
by
Mr.
St.
John
out
of
Sr.
Robert
Cottons
famous
library
(
where
it
had
otherwise
slept
)
and
caused
his
Attorney
General
to
exhibit
a
Bill
in
the
Star
Chamber
against
the
now
Earl
of
Clare
,
the
said
Mr.
Selden
and
Mr.
St.
John
for
the
publishing
of
it
,
though
but
in
Manuscript
,
and
was
so
far
from
any
action
,
desire
,
or
intention
of
a
Tyrant
,
as
when
he
might
like
the
Dairo
or
Emperor
of
Japan
,
have
wallowed
in
riches
and
pleasures
,
and
as
a
Minotaur
have
fed
upon
the
liberties
of
the
people
if
he
would
have
but
delivered
up
the
Church
of
England
and
his
subjects
,
and
their
after
generations
as
slaves
to
the
Arbitrary
will
&
Government
of
a
Rebellious
part
of
the
people
calling
themselves
a
Parliament
,
he
did
on
the
contrary
not
only
most
constantly
endure
all
the
miseries
,
dangers
,
&
ignominies
,
which
they
could
cast
upon
him
but
rather
then
he
would
betray
or
give
up
their
Religion
,
Laws
,
or
liberties
,
laid
down
his
life
as
a
sacrifice
to
preserve
them
,
and
hav●ng
before
his
death
established
our
excellent
Laws
of
Magna
●harta
,
and
made
them
stronger
and
more
binding
then
ever
they
were
before
,
by
confirming
them
and
other
their
liberties
and
customs
under
the
name
and
notion
of
their
petition
of
Right
,
and
at
the
signing
or
ratification
thereof
,
used
a
saying
or
sentence
deserving
to
be
written
in
Letters
of
Gold
,
which
he
called
his
Maxime
,
and
declared
to
be
his
own
,
That
the
peoples
liberty
strengthens
the
Kings
prerogative
,
Vide
Petition
of
Right
,
and
the
Kings
answer
thereunto
in
Anno
3
Car.
primi
.
and
that
the
Kings
prerogative
is
to
defend
the
peoples
liberty
,
did
not
for
all
those
unparalelled
sufferings
and
great
Misusage
of
his
Father
and
himself
take
any
advantage
of
those
that
forfeited
their
interest
in
those
excellent
laws
and
liberties
,
but
pardoning
all
their
transgressions
,
restored
them
to
all
that
they
could
but
so
much
as
pretend
unto
.
And
notwithstanding
that
he
and
his
Royal
predecessors
had
quamplurimisdonis
&
largitionibus
,
by
their
very
many
favors
and
bounties
to
such
as
deserved
well
of
the
Commonwealth
,
and
had
been
instrumental
in
the
preservation
,
or
promoting
the
good
of
it
,
given
away
the
most
part
of
the
Crown
Lands
,
and
many
of
their
Regalities
doth
not
make
an
Aera●ium
or
Treasury
of
mony
for
himself
,
or
his
own
particular
use
out
of
his
own
revenues
,
separate
from
that
of
the
publike
,
as
Lewis
the
12.
of
France
did
,
but
doth
with
that
very
small
part
of
his
Lands
which
remaineth
,
and
his
legal
and
undenyable
rights
and
prerogatives
without
any
Taxes
or
Impositions
laid
upon
the
people
,
other
then
what
is
assented
unto
by
themselves
,
and
their
representatives
in
Parliament
,
bear
and
support
the
burden
and
continual
charges
of
the
Government
and
[
affaires
thereof
.
Which
should
rouze
and
stir
up
the
hearts
and
affections
of
his
people
of
England
,
and
perswade
them
who
have
now
,
and
had
before
the
Taxes
raised
to
improve
Rebellion
,
fewer
Taxes
and
impositions
laid
upon
them
,
then
any
Nation
within
the
walk
or
perambulation
of
the
Sun
,
and
are
the
freest
and
do
enjoy
more
liberties
,
immunities
and
priviledges
then
any
people
of
the
world
,
not
to
deny
or
withhold
from
him
,
and
of
his
just
Regalities
rights
and
preheminences
,
but
think
it
to
be
more
necessary
for
their
good
and
well-being
to
permit
him
to
enjoy
his
Prae-emption
and
Pourveyance
,
or
Compositions
for
them
,
then
that
which
many
of
our
Acts
of
Parliament
have
done
to
enjoyn
the
repairs
of
Havens
and
Peers
(
as
was
in
the
last
Session
of
Parliament
for
the
Peer
of
Dover
)
or
of
Sea-walls
,
and
to
raise
money
by
a
Tax
for
the
doing
of
it
,
or
to
repair
and
continue
antient
houses
,
and
as
necessary
as
for
Seamen
to
pay
a
certain
rate
for
lights
or
fires
upon
the
Sea
Coasts
to
prevent
Shipwracks
.
And
not
suffer
our selves
to
be
out
done
by
the
Heathen
,
and
those
that
knew
not
the
living
God
,
nor
called
upon
his
name
,
and
the
Persians
who
adoring
the
Sun
in
stead
of
God
the
maker
thereof
,
could
in
their
Kings
progress
munera
offerre
neque
vilia
vel
exilia
neque
nimis
praetiosa
&
magnifica
,
bring
him
presents
,
neither
precious
nor
contemptible
from
which
etiam
Agricola
&
opifices
,
Workmen
and
Plowmen
,
were
not
●reed
from
bringing
Wine
,
Oxen
and
Sheep
and
some
other
sorts
of
Provisions
,
as
Cheese
,
Fruits
,
&c.
and
the
first
fruits
of
what
the
earth
brought
forth
,
quae
non
Tributi
sed
doni
loco
censebantur
,
which
were
not
received
or
given
as
Tributes
but
as
Oblations
and
free
gifts
,
Aelianus
Hist.
variar.
lib.
1.
which
custom
,
kindness
,
and
duty
from
the
people
to
their
Prince
,
being
so
innate
and
usual
,
made
the
poor
Synetas
,
when
unexpectedly
he
met
with
Artaxerxes
and
his
Train
,
Brissonius
de
regno
Persiae
lib.
1.
rather
then
fail
of
something
to
offer
,
of
which
he
was
then
altogether
unprovided
to
hasten
to
the
River
and
bring
as
much
water
as
he
could
in
the
palm
of
both
his
hands
,
hilari
laetoque
vultu
faustis
votis
bonisque
verbis
quantum
potuit
ornare
,
and
with
a
chearful
countenance
wishes
,
and
prayers
for
the
health
of
the
King
,
present
it
unto
him
.
Suetonius
in
Augusto
Cassiodorus
lib.
6
Epist.
7
,
&
Rosinus
de
Antiquitat
.
Roman
.
54.
Or
by
the
Romans
,
who
amongst
thirty
thousand
false
Gods
,
not
being
able
to
finde
the
light
and
knowledge
of
the
true
God
,
did
not
grudg
the
charge
of
costly
sacrifices
,
ad
aras
&
in
Aedibus
honoris
&
virtutis
,
in
the
Temples
of
honor
and
virtue
,
could
yeerly
throw
money
into
the
deep
Lake
or
Gulfe
of
Curtius
in
Rome
,
pro
voto
&
salute
Imperatoris
,
as
offerings
for
the
health
and
happiness
of
their
Emperors
,
and
all
the
City
and
Senate
,
Calendis
Januarii
velut
publico
suo
parenti
Imperatori
strenas
largiebant
,
give
new
years
gifts
to
the
Emperor
as
their
publike
parent
,
and
bring
them
into
the
Capitol
though
the
Emperor
was
absent
,
and
make
their
Pensitationes
or
Compositions
for
Pourveyance
for
their
Emperors
to
be
a
Canon
or
rule
unalterable
.
Cause
the
monies
imposed
by
the
Pro-consuls
and
Praetors
by
the
direction
of
the
Comes
Praetorii
,
Bullinger
de
Vectigalibus
popul
.
Roman
to
be
brought
into
the
Arcam
sacrarum
largitionum
,
Treasury
for
moneys
for
the
Emperors
bounties
or
expences
,
and
could
at
the
same
time
,
notwithstanding
a
plenty
of
Taxes
,
and
the
panem
Gregalem
,
pittiful
course
bread
allowed
to
the
common
people
,
and
Twenty
thousand
Talents
,
which
make
60
▪
Millions
of
German
money
yeerly
imposed
and
gathered
out
of
the
Provinces
,
Lipsius
lib.
2.
ca.
1.
de
magnitud
.
Imper.
Roman
.
as
the
Learned
Lipsius
hath
made
up
the
account
,
willingly
pay
their
frumentum
honorarium
,
Pourveyance
or
provisions
of
Corn
to
the
Pro-consuls
and
Praetors
towards
the
maintenance
of
their
families
.
Or
by
our
long
ago
old
and
worthy
Ancestors
,
Tacitus
de
moribus
Germanorum
.
the
stout
hearted
Germans
,
who
as
Tacitus
saith
,
did
sua
sponte
&
ex
more
viritim
conferre
principibus
Armenta
vel
fruges
quae
pro
honore
accepta
necessitatibus
subvenirent
,
man
by
man
of
their
own
accord
did
customarily
bring
or
send
to
their
Princes
Heards
of
Cattle
,
and
some
of
the
fruits
of
the
earth
,
as
presents
and
oblations
,
which
being
taken
for
an
honor
done
unto
them
,
did
likewise
much
conduce
to
the
defraying
of
their
charges
or
necessities
.
Or
by
the
Shunamitish
woman
,
who
could
in
honor
and
respect
to
Elisha
the
Prophet
,
Reg.
cap.
4
▪
not
onely
constrain
him
to
eat
bread
,
but
advise
here
husband
to
make
a
little
Chamber
in
the
Wall
,
and
set
for
him
there
a
bed
and
a
Table
,
and
a
stool
,
and
a
Candlestick
,
to
the
end
that
when
he
passed
that
way
he
might
turn
in
thither
,
or
by
the
Jews
,
who
being
hard
hearted
,
stubborn
and
stiffe-necked
enough
,
did
in
their
unexpected
return
from
captivity
,
under
the
conduct
of
Nehemiah
,
when
they
were
so
compassed
about
with
dangers
and
enemies
,
as
they
that
wrought
in
rebuilding
Jerusalem
,
and
they
which
did
build
on
the
wall
,
and
they
that
bare
burdens
with
those
that
laded
,
every
one
with
one
of
their
hands
wrought
in
the
work
,
and
with
the
other
held
a
weapon
,
and
wanted
not
the
company
of
fears
and
poverty
to
attend
them
,
think
it
notwithstanding
to
be
a
part
of
their
own
preservation
,
to
allow
their
Governor
a
fit
and
honourable
daily
Pourveyance
or
provisions
for
his
family
and
household
.
Or
by
the
Witch
of
Endor
who
made
haste
to
kill
her
fat
Calfe
,
took
flower
and
kneaded
it
,
baked
unleavened
bread
,
and
caused
Saul
and
his
servants
to
eat
.
Or
the
Egyptians
who
in
their
now
.
Hochpot
or
Gallimaufry
of
the
Turkish
,
Jewish
,
and
Christian
Religions
,
can
with
great
costs
and
charges
,
publike
Feastings
and
Triumphs
,
yeerly
welcome
into
their
Country
their
Fertilizing
Nile
.
Or
the
modern
Germans
who
do
yeerly
,
besides
their
many
other
publike
Taxes
and
Assessements
,
pay
to
the
Emperor
a
stewer
scholz
schukung
,
being
an
extraordinary
Tribute
in
subsidium
&
laborum
&
pro
regimine
generali
,
Besoldus
de
Aerario
pub
.
towards
the
defraying
of
the
charges
of
the
Government
,
and
his
expences
and
care
therein
.
Or
the
Rhodians
who
took
so
much
care
of
the
honor
of
their
City
or
little
Commonwealth
,
as
upon
the
fall
by
an
Earthquake
,
Bodin
lib.
6.
d
:
Repub.
of
their
Colossus
or
huge
and
immense
pillar
or
image
of
seventy
cubits
high
devoted
to
the
Sun
,
spoiled
many
of
their
Ships
in
the
Harbor
,
and
wanting
money
themselves
,
sent
their
Embassadors
to
the
Senate
of
Rome
,
and
to
divers
Kings
and
Princes
(
who
contributed
largely
)
to
intreat
some
money
and
aid
to
help
to
set
it
up
again
.
Or
by
the
Dutch
who
notwithstanding
the
great
yearly
stipends
and
allowance
made
to
their
high
deserving
Princes
of
Orange
or
Stadtholders
,
in
honorariis
,
gifts
and
presents
,
to
the
value
of
many
Millions
of
sterling
money
.
Or
the
Spaniards
who
could
in
the
Raign
of
the
Emperor
Charles
the
fifth
,
about
the
year
one
thousand
five
hundred
and
twenty
,
make
it
the
request
of
the
Parliament
or
Iunta
of
the
Kingdoms
of
Castile
and
Leon
,
that
his
Grandmother
Queen
Isabells
Royal
house
might
be
put
into
such
order
and
estate
as
might
become
her
Royal
person
and
the
honor
of
those
Kingdoms
,
Hist.
of
Spain
that
her
house
be
provided
of
all
things
befitting
her
dignity
and
consent
,
that
in
his
Majesties
progress
lodging
and
linnen
should
be
allowed
gratis
for
those
of
his
houshold
and
Court
,
so
that
he
exceed
not
the
term
of
six
days
,
which
expired
they
should
pay
for
their
lodging
according
to
the
ordinary
rate
and
custome
;
likewise
that
the
soldiers
of
his
guard
should
have
free
Quarter
after
the
usual
manner
,
an●
that
for
the
lodging
of
seventy
of
his
Officers
,
the
Cities
,
Towns
and
Villages
should
contribute
without
exemption
by
an
Assessement
to
be
made
for
that
purpose
.
Or
by
the
West
Indians
in
Guaxara
,
who
by
order
of
the
high
Justice
,
do
deliver
unto
Fryers
travailing
that
way
,
if
they
have
no
money
,
Horses
to
ride
on
,
Survey
of
the
West
Indies
or
to
carry
their
carriages
or
provision
without
money
so
that
at
their
departure
they
write
it
down
in
the
Town
book
what
they
had
spent
,
and
not
abide
above
four
and
twenty
hours
in
the
Town
,
where
by
a
contribution
their
expences
are
defrayed
.
Or
by
the
old
Irish
,
one
of
which
being
a
Tenant
of
Termonland
or
Land
belonging
to
the
Church
,
and
unwilling
to
change
his
old
customes
for
new
,
said
to
the
Bishop
of
Dermot
,
of
whom
he
held
his
Lands
,
non
debet
dominus
mutare
censum
antiquum
sed
si
careat
rebus
necessariis
vaccis
pinguibus
,
Spelmans
glossar
in
vocibus
Corba
&
Herenachii
.
&c.
debet
ad
nos
mi●tere
,
Et
nos
debemus
subministrare
nam
quaecunque
nos
habemus
Domini
sunt
&
nos
etiam
ipsi
illius
sumus
:
My
Lord
ought
not
to
change
his
ancient
Customes
,
Rents
or
services
due
out
of
the
Land
,
but
if
he
wanteth
necessary
provisions
for
his
house
and
family
,
as
fat
Cows
,
&c.
we
ought
to
furnish
them
,
for
whatsoever
we
have
are
his
,
and
we
our selves
are
the
Lords
.
Or
by
the
modern
Irish
or
inhabitants
of
Ireland
,
who
notwithstanding
the
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
Pourveyance
and
Prae-emption
,
allowed
to
the
Kings
Lord
Lieutenant
of
that
kingdom
,
could
since
the
abolition
of
that
most
useful
&
necessary
custome
in
England
,
offer
(
if
Fame
did
not
mistake
her self
)
an
yeerly
supply
of
3000.
Irish
Oxen
or
Cattel
towards
the
support
of
the
King
and
his
Family
,
and
have
besides
in
their
Act
of
Parliament
lately
made
for
the
execution
of
his
Majesties
Declaration
for
the
setlement
of
that
kingdom
,
consented
,
That
the
Lord
Chief
Justice
of
his
Majesties
Court
of
Kings
Bench
,
the
Lord
Chief
Baron
of
his
Majesties
Court
of
Exchequer
,
Vide
Act
of
Parliament
and
Declaration
.
and
the
Master
of
the
Rolles
,
or
any
other
his
Majesties
Officers
of
that
Kingdom
for
the
time
being
,
shall
and
may
have
and
receive
such
Port
Corn
of
the
Rectories
,
Impropriations
,
or
Appropriate
Tythes
forfeited
unto
or
vested
in
his
Majesty
,
his
heirs
●nd
successors
,
which
have
been
formerly
paid
or
reserved
.
Or
by
the
Scots
,
a
people
never
as
yet
exceeding
,
or
so
much
as
keeping
even
pace
with
their
neighbors
of
England
in
civilities
,
kindness
,
and
gratitudes
,
who
when
their
King
Malcolme
,
who
raigned
in
Scotland
in
Anno
Dom.
1004.
had
given
and
distributed
all
the
Lands
of
the
Realm
of
Scotland
amongst
his
men
,
reserved
na
thing
,
as
the
Act
of
Parliament
of
22
Jac.
3.
beareth
in
property
to
himself
,
but
the
Royal
dignity
,
and
the
Mute
hill
in
the
Town
of
Scone
,
could
give
and
grant
to
him
the
ward
and
relief
of
the
heir
of
ilke
Baron
,
quhan
he
sold
happen
to
deceis
for
the
Kings
sustentation
.
And
did
notwithstanding
so
well
esteem
and
allow
of
those
ancient
rights
of
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
,
as
in
the
Raign
of
their
King
James
the
4.
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
1489.
The
Lords
spiritual
and
temporal
,
and
uthers
his
Leiges
did
declare
in
Parliament
that
it
was
the
Kings
property
for
the
honorable
sustentation
of
his
house
according
to
his
Estait
and
honor
,
Parlement
King
James
the
fourth
.
quhilk
may
not
be
failized
without
great
derogation
of
his
noble
Estaite
,
and
that
his
true
lieges
suld
above
all
singular
and
particular
profit
desire
to
prefer
the
noble
Estaite
of
his
Excellence
,
like
as
it
was
done
in
the
time
of
his
maist
noble
progenitors
of
gud
minde
;
And
did
therefore
think
it
neidful
expedient
and
reasonable
;
And
did
statute
and
ordain
that
full
derogation
cassation
and
annullation
be
maid
of
all
Gifts
,
Donations
,
Infeftments
,
Fewes
,
life
Rents
given
by
his
Hieness
to
quhat
sumever
person
or
persons
,
sen
the
day
of
his
Coronation
,
swa
that
all
Lands
,
Rents
,
Customes
,
Burrow
,
Mailles
,
Ferme●
,
Martes
,
Mutton
;
Poultery
,
avarage
,
carriage
and
uther
Dewties
that
were
in
the
hands
of
his
Progenitors
,
and
Father
,
the
day
of
his
decease
notwithstanding
quhat
sumeuer
assignation
or
gift
be
maid
thereupon
under
the
Great
Seal
,
Privy
Seal
or
uthers
be
all
utterly
cassed
and
annulled
,
so
that
the
haill
profits
and
Rents
thereof
,
may
cum
to
the
King
to
the
honorable
sustentation
of
his
house
and
noble
Estaite
.
Or
so
much
degenerate
from
the
Brittaines
our
Ancestors
and
predecessors
,
who
were
heretofore
so
glad
of
any
occasions
to
express
their
love
and
honor
of
their
Princes
as
when
they
made
their
progress
,
or
had
any
occasion
to
visit
any
of
their
houses
,
they
flung
the
doors
off
the
Hinges
,
and
gave
them
open
hearted
,
and
free
entertainment
.
Nor
deny
those
respects
and
duties
to
our
Kings
,
which
no
other
Nations
do
,
refuse
to
their
Kings
or
Princes
,
which
may
make
us
to
be
an
hissing
and
reproach
to
other
Nations
,
and
by
using
our
head
so
ill
to
be
esteemed
as
the
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
people
without
an
head
,
or
the
Sciopedes
,
who
are
reported
to
have
such
large
feet
as
they
can
when
they
please
cover
their
head
with
it
,
and
never
let
it
be
said
,
that
when
a
factious
and
rebellious
part
of
our
people
could
in
the
year
1656.
suppose
it
to
be
their
Interest
to
exchange
with
Cromwell
their
Antichrist
or
Mahomet
,
their
Religion
,
Laws
and
liberties
for
his
Tyrannical
and
Arbitrary
will
and
pleasure
,
and
petition
him
in
their
Conventicle
or
pretended
Assembly
of
Parliament
that
he
would
besides
the
remainder
of
the
Kings
,
Queens
,
and
Princes
Revenues
,
not
disposed
of
(
except
Forrests
and
Chaces
,
and
the
Mannors
thereunto
belonging
)
and
of
all
the
Lands
of
Delinquents
in
the
Counties
of
Dublin
,
Kildare
,
Clare
and
Katerlaugh
,
the
forfeited
Lands
in
Scotland
which
were
great
and
considerable
,
two
parts
of
the
Recusants
Lands
in
England
not
compounded
for
;
and
all
Debts
,
Fines
,
Penalties
,
Issues
and
casual
profits
belonging
to
the
Keepers
of
the
liberties
of
England
,
so
miscalled
,
which
was
by
them
and
their
fellow
Usurpers
setled
upon
him
,
and
was
of
it self
a
Revenue
too
great
for
all
the
Brewers
of
England
,
to
accept
of
ten
hundred
thousand
pounds
sterling
per
annum
to
be
leavyed
upon
the
people
with
such
other
supplies
as
should
be
needful
to
be
raised
from
time
to
time
by
consent
of
that
which
they
Nick
named
a
Parliament
,
and
three
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
annum
to
be
raised
for
the
charge
of
the
Administration
of
Justice
,
and
support
of
Government
,
which
he
thinking
not
enough
to
serve
his
wicked
occasions
,
designes
,
or
desires
to
●lay
or
keep
in
exile
the
heir
of
the
Kingdoms
,
Vide
his
speech
at
a
conference
in
April
,
1657.
tells
his
dutiful
Parliament
at
a
conference
in
April
1657.
that
the
charge
of
the
Government
,
would
yearly
amount
unto
ninteen
hundred
thousand
pounds
sterling
;
and
therefore
though
the
war
with
Spain
should
cease
,
desired
that
the
thirteen
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
annum
,
might
have
six
hundred
thousand
pounds
per
annum
more
added
thereunto
;
and
that
that
could
be
willingly
assented
unto
,
and
all
the
Loyal
party
enforced
and
driven
to
submit
to
those
and
as
many
more
burdens
and
payments
as
should
be
necessary
to
keep
them
&
their
posterities
in
a
perpetual
slavery
,
we
should
when
the
Kings
Revenue
real
and
casual
much
enlarged
since
his
happy
Restoration
,
and
yet
appearing
not
to
be
enough
to
go
thorow
with
his
important
and
necessary
occasions
,
and
to
amount
but
to
nine
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
pounds
per
annum
(
his
Revenue
in
lands
being
also
included
)
take
it
to
be
consistent
with
the
duty
of
subjects
to
put
in
dolio
perforato
,
a
vessel
that
leaks
more
then
ordinary
,
or
wants
a
bottom
,
the
remembrance
of
all
the
benefits
and
●avors
of
our
King
and
Soveraign
.
Who
hears
no
body
say
or
do
as
that
great
Commander
,
and
as
much
a
Gentleman
Mounsieur
de
la
Noüe
did
to
his
Grandfather
the
great
Henry
of
France
,
who
finding
himself
much
obliged
unto
him
,
when
he
was
King
of
Navarre
and
full
of
troubles
,
for
raising
and
bringing
to
his
assistance
one
hundred
horse
well
furnished
at
his
own
charges
,
and
unfurnished
with
money
to
recompence
him
,
sent
a
grant
by
Letters
Patents
unto
him
and
his
heirs
of
certain
Crown
lands
lying
neer
unto
his
estate
,
which
the
virtuous
and
generous
la
Noüe
not
thinking
fit
to
receive
,
brought
back
again
to
the
King
with
these
words
,
Sire
ce
m'est
beauecoup
d'
honneur
&
de
contentment
de
receuoir
ces
tesmoignages
de
la
bonne
v●lonte
de
votre
Majestè
&
je
ne
les
refuserois
pas
si
vos
affaires
estoient
en
estat
de
faire
telles
liberalites
Quand
je
vous
verray
Sire
au
dessus
vos
Ennemis
&
possedant
des
biens
proportionnees
a
la
grandeur
de
vostre
courage
&
de
vostre
naissance
je
receuroy
de
bon
Caeur
vous
gratifications
,
Moises
Amirault
en
la
vie
de
la
Noüe
.
pour
cette
heure
si
vous
vouli●z
recompencer
de
ceste
facon
tous
ceux
qui
vous
serviront
,
vostre
Majeste
seroit
incontinent
ru●nee
.
Sir
,
These
testimonies
o●
your
Majesties
good
will
towards
me
,
and
the
honor
which
you
have
done
me
therein
,
do
very
much
content
me
,
and
I
would
not
refuse
them
,
if
your
Majesties
affa●●s
and
estate
were
in
a
condition
to
afford
such
bounties
,
and
when
I
shall
see
your
Majesty
to
have
overcome
your
enemies
and
possessing
,
an
estate
becoming
your
grandeur
and
birth
,
I
shall
be
very
willing
to
accept
of
your
gratifications
,
in
the
meantime
if
you
shall
go
on
in
a
way
of
recompencing
in
this
manner
all
those
which
shall
serve
you
,
your
Majesty
will
be
suddainly
ruined
,
and
by
no
means
would
receive
it
,
but
all
his
life
after
continued
a
great
Warrior
,
and
suffering
most
heroically
in
the
troubles
and
affairs
of
his
Soveraign
,
lost
his
life
in
them
.
Or
imitate
Jesurum
,
who
like
an
Heifer
waxing
fat
,
kicked
against
the
cause
of
it
,
or
do
as
the
Athenians
,
taken
by
Philip
King
of
Macedon
,
did
at
the
Battel
of
Chaero●ea
,
Plutarch
.
Apothegmes
.
who
could
not
remember
his
favors
in
releasing
of
them
out
of
their
Captivity
,
unless
they
might
have
what
they
lost
also
restored
unto
them
.
Or
be
guilty
of
a
national
Ingratitude
,
the
sin
whereof
being
(
next
to
blasphemy
)
the
most
ugly
and
horrid
of
all
other
sins
which
can
be
in
a
particular
man
,
was
so
abhorred
by
the
heathen
as
Hippocratidas
,
did
as
some
wise
Christians
have
since
done
,
wish
it
were
made
a
crime
as
punishable
as
Felony
.
Or
so
despoil
our
Land
of
its
ancient
vertue
and
love
to
their
Princes
,
as
to
have
Nabalisme
incouraged
,
and
our
Araunahs
and
Barzillai's
to
dye
childless
and
unimitated
,
or
suffer
our selves
to
be
misled
by
any
Temptations
of
particular
sparing
or
profits
to
do
as
some
of
the
worser
sort
of
the
late
reforming
Traitors
did
,
pick
out
the
choicest
Jewels
of
the
Crown
,
and
put
in
counterfeits
in
stead
of
them
,
or
hearken
to
the
Syren
songs
of
those
,
who
for
an
advantage
,
which
may
before
the
account
be
cast
up
,
prove
a
greater
disadvantage
,
will
suppose
it
to
be
for
the
good
of
the
Nation
to
disuse
and
lay
by
those
necessary
duties
,
and
grateful
acknowledgements
of
Pourveyance
and
Compositions
for
them
to
their
King
and
Soveraign
,
which
Renatus
Choppinus
,
a
learned
French
Advocate
in
his
Treatise
of
the
Domaines
and
Revenu●
of
France
,
Choppinus
de
Domainio
regum
Franciae
lib.
1.15
.
stiles
Dominicum
jus
primitus
sceptris
addictum
in
necessarios
Regiae
mensae
Aulaeque
sumptus
&
honorificum
ad
summi
Imperii
&
inclitae
decus
Majestatis
conservandum
,
a
pa●t
of
the
Kings
Domaine
belonging
and
annexed
to
the
Royal
Scepter
,
and
appropriate
to
the
necessary
uses
and
provisions
of
the
Kings
Court
and
houshold
for
the
honor
and
conservation
of
the
Rights
of
Majesty
.
And
was
with
us
in
England
in
the
Case
of
one
Richards
a
Pourveyor
,
combining
with
some
Constables
to
charge
the
Country
with
more
then
the
Pourveyance
amounted
unto
(
for
which
he
was
grievously
fined
and
punished
)
no
longer
ago
then
in
Michaelmas
Term
in
3
Jac.
certified
by
all
the
Judges
of
England
to
be
a
prerogative
of
the
King
at
the
common
Law
,
and
●hat
all
the
Statutes
,
which
have
been
made
,
to
correct
abuses
in
Pourveyance
took
not
away
Pourveyance
but
confirmed
it
,
for
qu●
tollit
iniquitatem
firmat
proprietatem
&
confirmat
usum
,
the
taking
away
of
the
abuse
confirmeth
the
Right
,
and
when
the
Reputation
and
credit
of
a
Town
,
and
City
shall
be
so
dear
unto
the
Inhabitants
,
as
they
will
to
preserve
ancient
Customes
,
supply
the
charges
thereof
with
publike
contributions
,
as
the
Town
of
Yarmouth
doth
in
entertainments
frequently
given
to
strangers
of
quality
comming
thither
,
and
the
Town
of
Droitwich
in
Worcestershire
,
de
repub
.
Anglican
.
can
allow
the
yearly
profit
of
four
of
their
Salt
vats
,
or
portions
of
Salt
so
called
for
the
like
purpose
,
shall
endeavor
all
they
can
to
lessen
that
of
the
Kings
.
And
the
Gentry
of
Cheshire
,
who
are
above
those
of
many
other
Counties
well
known
to
preserve
the
ancient
honor
of
the
English
Hospitalities
,
and
are
accustomed
to
send
provisions
of
meat
one
to
another
,
to
help
to
bear
out
the
charges
of
their
entertainments
,
when
any
of
their
friends
come
unto
them
,
will
not
do
well
to
murmur
at
so
small
an
yeerly
contribution
for
the
provision
of
the
Kings
houshold
,
as
ninety
five
pounds
sixteen
shillings
eight
pence
per
annum
,
which
is
all
was
charged
upon
that
County
.
Nor
can
all
the
housekeepers
of
England
,
who
do
well
understand
that
the
breeding
and
raising
of
their
own
victuals
,
and
houshold
provisions
,
by
and
out
of
the
profits
of
their
Lands
,
are
a
great
help
to
their
house-keeping
,
and
makes
it
to
be
far
cheaper
and
easie
unto
them
,
then
to
buy
all
that
they
spend
at
the
Markets
,
where
every
one
doth
improve
their
gain
and
Commodities
,
and
put
the
loss
and
hardships
upon
the
buyers
,
think
it
to
be
their
duty
to
put
a
necessity
of
these
inconveniences
upon
the
King
,
which
they
do
all
they
can
to
avoid
themselves
.
Or
when
the
designs
of
profit
,
or
hopes
of
reciprocations
of
courtesies
one
from
another
,
do
ordinarily
invite
the
people
in
their
commerce
or
affairs
one
with
another
,
to
a
custome
of
some
little
favors
or
ease
in
their
buyings
and
bargains
,
as
the
Baker
his
one
loaf
of
bread
to
the
dozen
;
the
Brewer
a
Barrel
of
strong
Beer
at
Christmas
;
the
Tallow
Chandler
his
Christmas
Candle
;
the
London
Draper
his
handful
,
or
more
then
the
yard
called
London
measure
,
and
that
of
the
hundred
and
ten
pound
to
some
hundred
of
things
sold
by
weight
,
and
one
hundred
and
twenty
to
others
,
and
the
Vintners
sending
some
Hippocras
at
Christmas
to
their
yearly
and
constant
Customers
and
the
like
,
can
suppose
it
fit
to
save
,
such
a
petty
contribution
as
the
Kings
Composition
for
Pourveyance
,
which
throughout
England
,
do
scarcely
amount
to
so
much
as
those
small
Civilities
,
and
being
saved
,
will
probably
be
spent
in
pride
and
vanities
,
or
for
worse
purposes
.
Or
to
weaken
the
hand
of
our
Moses
,
which
they
should
rather
help
to
sustain
and
strengthen
,
and
when
all
Nations
rejoyce
in
the
power
,
might
,
and
Majesty
of
their
Kings
,
shall
make
it
their
business
to
eclipse
or
diminish
it
by
cutting
of
our
Sampsons
locks
,
and
that
which
should
promote
it
.
For
if
the
men
of
Israel
are
said
to
do
well
when
they
perswaded
their
King
Ahab
not
to
hearken
to
the
insolent
demands
of
Benhadad
the
King
of
Syria
to
deliver
him
his
silver
and
gold
,
spared
our
transgressions
,
accomplished
our
unhappy
warfare
,
broken
the
staffe
of
the
wicked
,
driven
them
far
away
that
would
have
swallowed
us
up
,
and
restored
our
Princes
and
nobles
,
and
mighty
men
,
the
men
of
war
,
the
Judges
and
Prophets
,
the
prudent
and
the
ancient
,
so
as
the
light
hath
shined
upon
them
that
dwelt
in
the
Land
of
the
shadow
of
death
,
our
Cities
have
not
been
laid
waste
,
our
vallies
have
not
perished
,
nor
our
habitations
been
made
desolate
,
should
put
us
in
mind
to
be
more
mindful
of
his
Vicegerent
and
annointed
,
and
remember
how
much
and
how
often
he
did
threaten
his
judgements
,
and
brought
many
upon
his
chosen
people
of
Israel
for
their
ingratitude
,
and
how
much
he
was
offended
with
them
for
not
shewing
kindness
to
the
house
of
Gideon
and
Zerubbaal
,
according
to
all
the
goodness
which
he
had
shewed
to
Israel
,
and
that
as
Bornitius
saith
,
Quicquid
boni
homo
civisque
habet
&
possidet
quod
vivit
quod
libere
vivit
quod
bene
quod
beate
omniumque
rerum
&
bonorum
usu
&
interdum
etiam
copia
ad
voluptatem
utitur
fruitur
totum
hoc
benificium
Reipublicae
Civilique
ordini
acceptum
est
referendum
,
Bornitius
lib.
5.
cap.
1.
Novel
8.
cap.
10.
Sect.
2.
that
whatsoever
a
subject
enjoys
or
possesseth
,
that
he
lives
and
lives
freely
,
well
and
happily
,
and
abounds
w●th
pleasure
and
plenty
are
benefits
proceeding
from
the
Commonwealth
,
and
good
order
and
government
thereof
.
And
that
omnis
homo
,
every
man
Et
res
singulorum
in
Republica
conservari
nequeant
nisi
conservetur
res
publica
sive
communis
adeoque
singuli
sui
causa
impendere
videntur
quicquid
conferunt
in
publicum
usum
,
every
mans
particular
estate
,
cannot
be
in
any
condition
or
certainty
of
safty
,
unless
the
Commonwealth
be
preserved
,
so
that
whatsoever
is
laid
out
or
expended
for
the
Commonwealth
,
is
at
the
same
time
laid
out
and
expended
for
every
mans
particular
,
and
that
St.
Chr●sostom
was
of
the
same
opinion
,
when
he
said
,
In
Epist.
ad
Rom.
homil.
23.
that
ab
antiquis
Temporibus
communi
omnium
sententia
principes
a
nobis
sustentari
debere
visum
est
ob
id
quod
sua
ipsorum
negligentes
communes
res
curant
universumque
suum
otium
ad
ea
impendunt
quibus
non
solum
ipsi
sed
&
quae
nostra
sunt
salvantur
,
That
anciently
and
by
the
opinion
of
all
men
,
Princes
ought
to
be
supported
by
their
subjects
for
that
neglecting
their
private
affairs
,
they
do
imploy
all
their
power
and
care
for
the
good
of
the
Common-wealth
,
whereby
not
onely
what
is
their
own
but
that
which
is
the
subjects
are
preserved
.
That
the
King
whose
Royal
progenitor
King
Edward
the
third
could
take
such
a
care
of
the
honor
and
Pourveyance
of
the
City
of
London
(
as
to
grant
to
the
Maior
of
London
,
who
by
reason
of
the
wars
,
had
not
for
two
years
received
that
great
profit
which
he
was
wont
to
receive
,
de
mercatoribus
Alienigenis
illuc
confluentibus
,
of
Merchants
strangers
resorting
thithe●
)
one
and
twenty
pounds
per
annum
,
de
reddit
:
diversorum
messuagiorum
&
shoparum
ibidem
,
out
of
the
Rents
of
divers
Messuages
and
Shops
in
London
,
in
relevamine
status
sui
,
for
the
maintenance
and
support
of
his
estate
,
might
have
as
much
care
taken
(
if
duty
and
loyalty
should
not
be
as
they
ought
to
be
the
greatest
obligations
)
of
his
more
ancient
rights
and
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
.
And
may
consider
that
if
such
an
inseparable
right
and
concomitant
of
the
Crown
of
England
should
hereafter
appear
not
to
be
alienable
by
any
Act
or
exchange
betwixt
the
King
and
the
people
,
they
and
their
posterities
will
have
but
an
ill
bargain
of
it
,
if
the
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
,
should
hereafter
by
any
reason
or
necessity
of
State
be
resumed
,
and
the
Excise
or
imagined
satisfaction
granted
as
a
recompence
for
that
,
and
the
taking
away
of
the
Tenure
in
Capite
and
by
Knight
service
should
be
retained
.
That
it
cannot
be
for
the
good
or
honor
of
the
English
Nation
,
that
our
King
should
be
reproached
as
some
of
a
light
headed
and
a
light
heeled
neighbor
Nation
observing
his
want
of
Pourveyance
,
have
of
late
very
falsly
,
that
he
had
not
wherewithall
to
buy
bread
for
his
Family
.
Or
that
other
Nations
should
think
our
English
so
Fanatick
,
or
improved
to
such
a
madness
by
a
late
rebellion
,
as
to
embrace
the
opinion
of
Arise
Evans
,
that
pittiful
pretender
to
Prophesie
and
Revelations
,
who
when
the
men
of
the
Coffee-house
Assembly
,
or
Rota
mongers
,
were
with
their
Quicksilver
Brains
;
together
with
some
Rustick
or
Mechanick
nodles
framing
a
new
Government
or
moddel
for
a
Kingdom
torn
in
pieces
,
would
likewise
shoot
his
Bolt
,
and
publikely
in
Print
advise
that
the
best
way
would
be
to
Elect
some
honest
p●or
man
of
the
Nation
to
be
King
onely
during
his
life
,
and
allow
him
but
one
hundred
pounds
per
annum
,
which
would
be
a
means
to
keep
off
all
Plots
and
Treasons
against
him
,
or
any
ambitions
,
or
designs
to
enjoy
his
Office
,
and
when
he
should
die
to
chose
another
for
the
term
of
his
life
,
and
so
successively
one
after
anoth●r
upon
the
same
,
and
no
better
terms
or
allowance
.
Or
that
we
have
a
minde
to
do
by
our
gracious
King
as
the
Fifth-Monarchy-men
,
do
by
their
King
Jesus
,
who
notwithstanding
all
their
pretences
of
setting
him
upon
his
Throne
,
are
well
enough
content
to
gather
what
they
can
the
while
for
themselves
,
and
Blaspheme
,
abuse
,
and
crucifie
him
in
his
members
.
And
that
it
will
be
better
to
subscribe
to
that
which
is
amongst
all
civilized
Nations
and
people
taken
to
be
an
Aphorisme
or
Maxime
irrefragrable
,
Galeot
Martius
d'
Doctrin
.
promise
cap.
15.
that
om●e
imperium
omnisque
Reipublic●
forma
validissimo
munimento
tuetur
Auctoritate
eorum
penes
quos
simmum
Imperium
existit
,
&
Boterus
.
that
all
Kingdoms
and
Governments
are
most
strongly
fortified
and
defended
by
the
authority
of
those
who
do
govern
,
that
praeclara
de
Imperio
existimatio
sue
reputatio
multa
efficit
&
plura
non
nunquam
quam
vis
&
Arma
,
that
the
esteem
and
reputation
of
a
King
or
Governor
,
doth
many
times
bring
greater
advantages
then
power
and
Armies
,
That
it
is
patrimonium
principis
,
as
much
to
a
King
or
Prince
as
his
Patrimony
or
inheritance
,
and
certissima
Imperii
&
salutis
publciae
tutela
,
a
most
certain
guard
and
defence
of
a
King
and
his
people
,
which
Saul
well
apprehended
when
upon
the
displeasure
of
Almighty
God
threatned
by
Samuel
,
him
to
honor
him
before
the
Elders
of
his
people
.
And
that
if
a
long
duration
of
a
right
or
custome
,
and
quod
semper
quod
ubique
&
quod
ab
omnibus
approbatum
,
that
which
is
and
hath
been
always
every
where
and
of
all
people
,
so
much
allowed
and
practiced
,
should
not
be
enough
(
as
it
hath
in
many
other
things
which
have
a
lawful
prescription
)
the
reason
right
use
and
necessity
of
it
,
and
the
avoiding
of
those
many
inconveniences
which
will
inevitable
follow
the
disuse
of
it
,
may
perswade
us
to
recall
again
and
revive
the
duties
of
Prae-emption
and
Pourveyance
or
Compositions
for
them
,
and
to
petition
the
King
by
our
Representatives
in
Parliament
as
our
forefathers
did
in
14
R.
2.
that
the
prerogative
of
him
and
his
Crown
may
be
kept
,
and
that
all
things
done
to
the
contrary
may
be
redressed
.
That
so
our
King
may
as
Solomon
,
who
feasted
all
the
people
for
seven
days
and
seven
days
,
even
fourteen
days
,
have
wherewithall
to
maintain
his
own
honor
and
the
love
of
his
people
,
an●
give
portions
of
meat
,
as
the
Prophet
Daniel
and
others
had
in
the
house
of
Nebuchadnezzar
King
of
Babylon
,
with
gladness
and
rejoycings
enter
into
the
Kings
Palaces
and
the
King
not
doubt
of
their
affections
,
though
the
waters
should
roar
and
be
troubled
,
and
the
mountains
shake
with
the
swellings
thereof
,
that
his
love
unto
them
may
from
his
throne
exhale
and
attract
theirs
and
distill
it
down
again
upon
them
,
as
the
raine
upon
the
grass
or
showers
that
water
the
earth
,
and
that
our
England
,
which
was
heretofore
the
happiest
Nation
that
ever
the
Sun
beheld
in
his
journeys
,
may
be
once
again
the
land
of
love
and
happiness
,
and
that
the
people
may
be
as
busie
in
their
gratitudes
to
their
Prince
,
as
the
Rivers
are
in
the
tender
and
payment
of
their
Tributes
to
the
Ocean
.
Moribus
antiquis
stent
res
Britanna
viresque
.
FINIS
.