THE NEW WORLD OF ENGLISH WORDS : Or , a General DICTIONARY : Containing the Interpretations of such hard words as are derived from other Languages ; whether Hebrew , Arabick , Syriack , Greeke , Latin , Italian , French , Spanish , British , Dutch , Saxon , &c. their Etymologies and perfect Definitions : Together with All those Terms that relate to the Arts and Sciences ; whether Theologie , Philosophy , Logick , Rhetorick , Grammer , Ethicks , Law , Natural History , Magick , Physick , Chirurgery , Anatomy , Chimistry , Botanicks , Mathematicks , Arithmetick , Geometry , Astronomy , Astrology , Chiromancy , Physiognomy , Navigation , Fortification , Dialling , Surveying , Musick , Perspective , Architecture , Heraldry , Curiosities , Mechanicks , Staticks , Merchandize , Jewelling , Painting , Graving , Husbandry , Horsemanship , Hawking , Hunting , Fishing , &c.

To which are added The significations of Proper Names , Mythology , and Poetical Fictions , Historical Relations , Geographical Descriptions of most Countries and Cities of the World ; especially of these three Nations wherein their chiefest Antiquities , Battles , and other most Memorable Passages are mentioned ; as also all other Subjects that are useful , and appertain to our English Language .

A Work very necessary for Strangers , as well as our own Countrymen , for all Persons that would rightly understand what they discourse , write , or read .

Collected and published by E. P.

For the greater honour of those Learned Gentlemen and Artists that have been assistant in the most Practical Sciences , their Names are affixed in the next Page .

London , Printed by E. Tyler , for Nath. Brooke at the Sign of the Angel in Cornhill , 1658.

NEver did any Volume raise it selfe to that heighth of reputation , at once to purchase every Reader for a friend or favourite : it is a known truth , and not to be denied that our Language hath in these later Ages been advanced to the admiration , if not the emulation , of other Nations , and whatsoever unnatural reproaches have been stuck upon her beauties by the petulancy of Criticks , hath strangely , but chiefly , proceeded from the unworthy attempts of those that have obtruded on this Age their transcriptions of Indexes , rather then Dictionaries , as if our Language were narrower then the rest of the Worlds , or to be confined to their short-hand Epitomes : A high miscarriage through which the learned and unlearned have most unhappily suffered ; certainly the Regalia of our Language could not have been worse injured then by being vitiated and corrupted by such spurious and imperfect Editions : for if the Grandeur of such an undertaking be rightly considered , no ordinary industry will be required , next the consulting with the Monuments of ancient Records and Manuscripts derived to us from reverend Authours , there will be occasion to peruse the Works of our ancient Poets , as Geffry Chaucer the greatest in his time , for the honour of our Nation ; as also some of our more Modern Poets , as Spencer Sidny , Draiton , Daniel , with our Reformers of the Scene , Johnson , Shakesphear , Beaumont , and Fletcher , and among the renowned Antiquaries , Cambden , Lambard , Spelman , Selden , and divers others ▪ There will also be exacted from him that undertakes a task of this nature , a necessary knowledge of the Languages in which he is certain to incounter with a multitude of Criticisms , nor must he be wanting in his strictest search of most Dictionaries , that he may be able to distinguish the terms , several derivations , differences , definitions , interpretations , proper significations of the words of our Tongue , how borrowed , how mixed with others , how with its own . Lastly , forraign Authours are to be made use of , and amongst them , the Germans are reputed most expert in the Mechanical Arts.

Thus , ever Honoured Sisters , you are not unacquainted what Siftings , Anvelings , Traversings , there ought to be of Authours ▪ so that he that undertakes this Enterprize should first seriously perpend what difficulties he is to passe through , how dangerous it is for him to faile in such a Design , what a weight of disparagement he is likely to sink under : a Volume of this nature being of no lesse concernment , then not onely to informe young men in their deficiencies of the right knowledge of words , either for writing or discourse , but also to establish those of riper years in their prudentials as an universally through-pac't Dictionary , and may serve for an Interpreter or Arbiter of their Studies and humane Transactions ; so that a work thus rightly constituted may be said in some kind , to approach near to a Divine Skill , and that the rather as it doth in it selfe contain all those Idea's that concern the Speech or Pen , such as are usefull to drive on and inforce with full vigour and strength , the affaires of mankind .

Illustrious Sisters , if we look upon the exemplary incouragements of some of our Laureate Worthies , whose noble spirits have not suffered the ashes of Antiquity to be raked out of her sacred Urnes , as at this time the admired Workes of Mr. Dodsworth and of Mr. Dugdale have informed the World . Some of these Heroick Persons out of a farther zeal to preserve our Language from the barbarismes and ruinous deformities of the times , to present her in her native glories , from their own more prac●ical and experienc't insights in some of the Arts and Sciences , have contributed in what they were more particularly excellent , to the building up of this Volume ▪ Their names I have affixed to their own learned indeavours , not onely as I my self acknowledge their opportune and incomparable assistances , but that the Bookseller so much obliged to them for so unusual a curtesie , might expresse his humblest tenders of gratitude ; as also that you , most Noble Sisters , would be pleased to take notice of this your learned Retinue ▪ and that there are Benefactours still surviving to celebrate your flourishing felicities .

I am not ignorant , that though I am thus fortified with the pregnant aid of those exquisite Persons , to which my own inferiour , though studious indeavours are joyned , that I shall neverthelesse fall short of answering the curiosities of some critical expectations . Mr. Minshaw that spent his life and estate in scrutinizing into Languages , still remaines obnoxious to the misconstructions of many . But let such invading censurers well consider the infinity of mechanical words , how every Art hath its peculiar Terms , and then if they are in their right wits , it will seem almost impossible to them , for one man though a healthful person that hath spent the best part of the leasure of his life , to erect such a Pyramid ▪ more especially if those difficulties are rightly pondered that are to be waded through ▪ the conduct of costs in that continued converse that must be had with Artists , besides the great labour , with which the most generous Forrainers that have gone about to manage such happy designs , have been wasted and tired out ; these considerations being ingeniously weighed by the wiser sort of men , I hope the learned & charitable Critick will intertain a favourable approbation of these labours , as he cannot find me wanting , at least of a more than ordinary industry to compleat this Work , both in examining and right digestion of my own papers , as also for that tender care that hath been had of those happy contributions I received from others . Most Reverenced Sisters , my greatest ambition is your affectionate esteem , which having but obtained , I shall ever strive to imploy the best strength of my life and studies in your service ; in the mean space I question not but I have already done my Country so much good service as to have stript away those obsolete termes that have defaced our language , not degrading too much from its primitive integrity , nor declining what with judge - I might insert .

To conclude , I have illustrated and refined it , instated it in its proper majesty , rendred it admirably useful for all persons on all occasions , worthy of the greatest masteries of Rhetoricians and the tongues of our Vernaculous Oratours : with a no lesse honourable submission have I prostrated these my Indeavours at your Learned Feet .

IT hath not been the least of my care , that this present Work might be as happy in the fortune of its addresse , as in the publicknesse of its design , which is the General advancement of Learning and Arts ; nor could it have been more advantagiously fortified against the various and uncertain suffrages of the World , then by being adopted into the Patronage of such a Person , whose accomplishment in the Arts and Ingenuities renders him capable to judge of what is written well or amisse in any of them ; and that this attribute doth belong properly to your self , is evident to the World by more then a few instances . Your admirable skill in Physick manifested in your frequent Cures of the most desperate Diseases , and those happy receits you have consecrated to the benefit of mankind ; Your exquisite knowledge in Husbandry and Horsemanship ; Your deep insight into the Mathematicks , and the more delicate sort of the Mechanicks , as appears by your excellent choice of Jewels , and your rare fancy and invention in Carvings , Turning , Paintings , and Annealings , in which the very Artists you have imployed have submitted to your politer judgement ; Your diligent search into the greatest curiosities of Nature ; wherein how much you have exceeded all others of our Nation that have been famous in their Collections , your Musaeum abounding with an infinite variety of the most choice and admired Rarities , can sufficiently testifie : And indeed , What qualities lesse noble then these I have mentioned , could spring from the vertuous inclinations of your youth , which for many years was spent in useful travels ( not so much to see fashions , as to learn experience , and the true knowledge of men and manners ) of which the Learned Mr. Greaves makes an honourable mention in his Survey of the Pyramids of Egypt ? These vertues , together with the enlargednesse of your mind in making your House the Center of Hospitality to Strangers and Ingenuous Persons , are no lesse a true mark of the Noblenesse of your Family , then the Supporters of your Armes , a bearing which is very rare , and onely peculiar to the most ancient Houses .

AT such a time chiefly it is , Most Honoured Sirs , that a Nation may be truly said to flourish , when those that are the most considerable in fortune and outward splendour , are also the most conspicuous for Learning and inward Worth ; nor can the greatest Sciences and most noble Qualities be look't upon by any with so true an esteem and value , as by those who have themselves attained the highest perfection in them : and among the rest whom such qualifications make to be reputed the Ornament of the Age , it had been impossible that the World should be unacquainted with two such Eminent Persons as your selves ; who , being as inseparable in friendship and alliance as in the ●ffinity of your vertues , could not , without injury to so happy an union , have been separated in this addresse . Though decency will not permit me to speak over-high of this Work wherewith I here present you ; yet this I may say , That Fame hath usher'd it into the World , with the attest of so many Worthy hands , that never yet in English any Piece came forth with happier Auspices ; to which there could have been nothing wanting to Crown its fortune absolutely , but your most equal receptions , for which it is prepared , with this return of gratitude , That besides all those other Arts and Sciences , of which both of you are equal favourers and promoters , you will also have the satisfaction to finde a considerable account of those accomplishments which are more especially agreeable to each of your peculiar fancies ; namely of that Divine and Seraphic quality ( which first brought order and civility into the World , which mollifies the most barbarous and salv●ge natures , and calmes the unruly passions of the Soul ) of which one of you is so great a favourer , and so absolute a Master in it , that your whole Retinue following your example , are able performers in Musick , and may as truly be called your Quire as your Family ; As also ( which chiefly delights the other of you ) that most manly and generous Exercise of Hunting , the sport of greatest Kings and Princes in all Ages , by which the youth of all Warlike Nations have been alwayes spurred on to martial Discipline , and the atcheivement of the most Heroick actions : Having therefore so great a veneration to whatsoever is excellent and worthy of highest praise , I could not omit to celebrate with my utmost indeavours , the owners of such perfections ; nor could any consideration have more absolutely charmed unto your service , the

THe very Summe and Comprehension of all Learning in General , is chiefely reducible into these two grand Heads , Words and Things ; and though the latter of these two be , by all men , not without just cause , acknowledged the more solid and substantial part of Learning ; yet since , on the other side , it cannot be denyed but that without Language ( which is as it were the vehiculum or conveyancer of all good Arts ) things cannot well be expressed or published to the World , it must be necessarily granted , that the one is little lesse necessary , and an inseparable concomitant of the other ; for let a Subject be never so grave , never so useful , carrying in it never so clear and perfect a demonstration , yet if it be not pertinently worded , and urged with a certain power and efficacy to the understanding , but in a forced , tumultuous , or disjoynted phrase , it will either not be understood , or so slightly and wit● such indifference regarded , that it will come short of working that effect which it promised to it self . And it is a thing mainly observable , that all those ancient Authours that have written the best things , have left them to posterity in the purest and most genuine Language . Among the Greeks , who have better deserved of the World for the excellency of their Works , than Plato , Xenophon , Thucydides ? Who among the Latins have been more famous than Livie , Cicero , Salust ? nor have all these been lesse admired for the properness and elegancy of their stile , than for the noblenesse of the things they delivered ; neither have there been wanting of our own Nation , especially in these later Ages , those , who are not onely justly esteemed to stand in competition with the best of the Ancients for the verity and soundnesse of their matter , but , have also refin'd our Language to that heighth , that , for elegance , for fluency , and happinesse of expression , I am perswaded it gives not place to any Modern Language , spoken in Europe ; scarcely to the Latin and Greek themselves . Now as for that subtile distinction used by some , between a Language and a Speech , I look upon it rather as an over-curious nicety , than any consideration of serious weight or moment ; nor can I be induced to believe otherwise but , That whatever kind of sermocination is generally used in any Country , may very properly be termed a Language ; for if the commixture of a Language esteemed the most ancient , with that of a bordering or invading Nation cause it to degenerate into a Speech , even the Latin Tongue will hardly be exempted from that denomination , since it is no hard matter to prove that even that also descended from a Language yet more ancient than it self ; forasmuch as that Latin which was spoken immediately after the expulsion of the Roman Kings , when the League was made between Rome and Carthage , was so altered in the time of Polybius , which was 350 years after , that it was hardly to be understood ; and from the time of Romulus we must needs think it suffered a far greater change : yet it was so far from being thought corrupted by this alteration , that it was judged not to have come to its 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or flourishing heighth of elegance , until the Age wherein Cicero lived . And if the change which is introduced by time , not onely not deprave , but , refine a Language , much more will the alteration that is made by the interspersion of forraign words , especially coming from the more southerly and civil Climates , conduce to the sweetning and smoothing of those harsh and rough accents which are peculiar to the most northerly Countries . And besides , to find out the original and most unchanged Languages , we must have recourse as far backward as the confusion of Babel , which was the first nativity of Tongues ; and so make a vain search for things which perhaps are no where now extant .

True it is indeed , that Scaliger reckons up about 11 several Tongues ( others 14 ) spoken in Europe , which have no affinity or intermixture one with another ; the chief whereof , not to mention the Greek and Latin , which are now no native but acquired Languages , are the Teutonick or Dutch , the Slavonian , the Cantabrian , the old Brittish or Celtick ; these are commonly called Mother Tongues , and those which are any way compounded of any of these Mother Tongues , or derived from them , some think fit to call Dialects , a●●hough notwithstanding this composition or derivation , such a vast distance may be seen between them , as renders them unintelligible to each other ; whereas indeed a Dialect is but the self same Language , spoken in several Provinces of the same Nation , with some small difference ; as the pronouncing of a vowel either broader or finer , or some little variation of a word or syllable ; in such a manner the people of Sommersetshire speak differently from those of Middlsex , yet both may very well be understood of each other ; and so the people of Florence from those of Rome : No otherwise in the Greek Language did the Dorick , Ionick , Attick , Aeolick , Dialects differ from one another .

But , not to insist any longer upon so nice a point , my intention is , as an Introduction to the particular scope and design of this Book , to speak something in general of the Original of our English Tongue , of the basis or foundation of it , of the reason of its several changes , and how far it participates of other Languages , and of the peculiar Idiome or propriety thereof .

That , what was originally spoken in this Nation , was the ancient Brittish Language , needs not to be doubted , nor is it improbable what some affirm , that it was very near , if not altogether the same with , the Gallick , or Celtick , since both these people were by the ancient Greeks called by one common name , Celtae ; besides , if we consider the solid arguments of Verstegan , and those that have writ most judiciously , concerning the Original of the Brittains , nothing seems to me more consonant to truth , then that the Brittains anciently descended from the Gaules , and that Brutus rather a Gallick , then a Trojan Prince , changed the name of Albion into that of Brittain : but certain it is that of this ancient Brittish , there remains scarsely any track , or footstep in the language spoken at this day in the main part of England , but hath remained intire from the Saxon Conquest to this very time in that part , which is commonly called Cambro-Brittania , or Wales , to which ( being a mountanous Countrey , and strong for defence , and which onely of all the rest of the Island was left unconquered by the Saxons ) a great number of the Native inhabitants betook themselves by flight , preserving both their ancient race and speech , which from the Countrey Wales , is now called Welsh . In the same manner the Cantabrian , or ancient tongue of Spain , notwithstanding the frequent invasions of that Countrey by the Carthaginians , Moors , Romans and Vandals , is yet preserved in Biscay , Guipuscoa and Navarr● ; and in the Mountains of Granata , called Alpuxarras the Arabick is still retained , together with the off-spring of the Moors , that in times past possessed the greatest part of Spain ; as also in Armorica , or Brittany in France , the old Gallick is spoken at this day , which very near resembling the Welsh , is a great argument of the ancient affinity of these two tongues .

From this so total a subversion of the Brittish Empire by the English-Saxons , followed as total a subversion of the Brittish language , and even of the very name of Brittain ( which from the ancient habitation of the Saxons near the Baltick Sea , was named Anglia , or England ) a thing which was neither effected by the Roman nor the Norman Conquest , for neither the Provincial Latin could extinguish the Native Brittish , nor the French brought in by King Williams followers , the Saxon which was then in use , for it is observable that where the Conquerours over-power the former inhabitants in multitude , their language also by little and little prevails over that of the Countrey , otherwise it wasts and spends it self till it be in a manner utterly lost , like a small quantity of water thrown upon a heap of sand . Since therefore these Saxons were a people of Germany , and their speech very little , if at all differing from the rest of the Germans , it is hence evident that our language derives its Original from the Dutch or Teutonick , which seems to be of greater Antiquity then any other language now spoken in Europe , and to have continued the same without any considerable alteration , and in the same Countrey where it was first planted , through a long tract of many ages ; for , not to urge the opinion of Goropius Becanus , who affirmeth it to have been the first language of the world , and spoken by Adam in Paradise ; it is certainly the common consent of most Authentick Writers , that the Dutch tongue still in use , and possessing a large compasse of ground , is no lesse ancient then the very first coming in of the Teutones into Germany , under the conduct of Tuisco , which is no wonder , if we consider that the Teutones , or Germans , being the very first people that ever inhabited Germany , have continued in the possession of it to this very day uncorrupted , unsubdued and ( as their language , so themselves ) unmixed with any forraigne Nation . Nor is the large extent of this language lesse considerable , for as much as it is spoken throughout all Germany , Denmark , Norwey , Swethland , Belgia , the Iland of Thule , now called Iseland , and divers of the Northern Iles , besides those places into which it hath spread it self by conquest , as into Gallia by the Franck's , and by the Saxons into this Iland , where it yet remaineth in a very great measure .

And though our English tongue hath of late ages intertained so great a number of forraign words , that every age it seemeth to swerve more and more from what it was originally ; yet if we compare it diligently with the Dutch , we shall soon finde that almost all the chief material words , and those which are oftnest used in the most familiar , and vulgar discourse , are all , either meer Dutch , or palpably derived from the Dutch. For example , the most primitive and uncompounded words , appellatives , the names of natural things , animals , vegetals , as Earth , Heaven , Winde , Oak , Man , Bird , Stone , &c. words that imply a relation , as Father , Brother , Son , Daughter ; Pronouns , and Monosyllable Verbs , as Mine , Thine , This , What , Love , Give , besides all our numerals , particles , conjunctions , and the like .

Concerning these words it is very remarkable , that most of them consisting but of one syllable ; neverthelesse , the things that are understood by them are as significantly express't , as the same things in other tongues are by words of two , or more syllables ; as the word Good is as proper as either 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek , or Bonus in Latin , a matter of no small advantage : for if that sentence be judged most praise-worthy that containeth most matter in fewest words , why may we not commend that word , which consisting of fewest syllables , is yet of as great force as if it had more . No lesse considerable is the proper , and most pertinent signification of some words which are produced by the coalition , or clapping together of two of these monosyllables into one , as the word Wisdome , which is compounded of these two words Wise , i. e. Grave , Sage , Prudent , and the old Saxon word Dome , i. e. judgement , or sentence , since wisdome may most properly be said to be the result of a Grave , and solid judgement .

By this that hath been said it is evident , that the Saxon , or German tongue is the ground-work upon which our language is founded , the mighty stream of forraigne words that hath since Chaucers time broke in upon it , having not yet wash't away the root : onely it lies somewhat obscur'd , and overshadow'd like a Rock , or Fountain overgrown with bushes .

Whether this innovation of words deprave , or inrich our English tongue is a consideration that admits of various censures , according to the different fancies of men . Certainly as by an invasion of strangers , many of the old inhabitants must needs be either slain , or forced to fly the Land ; so it happens in the introducing of strange ●ords , the old ones in whose room they come must needs in time ●e forgotten , and grow obsolete ; sometimes indeed , as Mr. Cambden observes , there is a peculiar significancy in some of the old Saxon words , as in stead of fertility they had wont to say Eordswela , which is as much as the wealth , or riches of the earth , yet let us not bewail the losse of them for this , for we shall finde divers Latin words , whose Etymology is as remarkable , and founded upon , as much reason , as in the word intricate , which ( coming from Tricae i. e. those small threads about Chickens legs , that are an encombrance to them in their going ) signifieth entangled ; and it is worth the taking notice , that although divers Latin words cannot be explained , but by a Periphrasis , as Insinuation is a winding ones self in by little and little , yet there are others , both French and Latin , that are match't with Native words equally significant , equally in use among us , as with the French Denie , we parallel our gainsay , with the Latin resist our withstand , with Interiour , inward , and many more of this nature : So that by this means these forrainers instead of detracting ought from our tongue , add copiousnesse and varity to it , now whether they add , or take from the ornament of it , it is rather to be referr'd to sence and fancy , then to be disputed by arguments . That they come for the most part from a language , as civil as the Nation wherein it was first spoken , I suppose is without controversy , and being of a soft and even sound , nothing savouring of harshnesse , or barbarisme , they must needs mollifie the tongue with which they incorporate , and to which , though of a different nature , they are made fit and adapted by long use ; in fine , let a man compare the best English , now written , with that which was written three , or four ages ago , and if he be not a doater upon antiquity , he will judge ours much more smooth , and gratefull to the ear : for my part that which some att●●bute to Spencer as his greatest praise , namely his frequent use of obsolete expressions , I account the greatest blemish to his Poem , otherwise most excellent , it being an equal vice to adhere obstinately to old words , as fondly to affect new ones .

But not to dwell any longer upon their Apology , I shall now for the clearer Method proceed to the division of them , there are not many Nations in Europe , some of whose words we have not made bold with , as all of us together have borrowed from the ancients in great abundance , some we take from the Italians , as Abase , Abone , Abbord , Balustrade , Balcone , some from the Spanish , as Abandon , Envelope , Disembogue , Chapin ; many from the French , as Desire , Deny , Command , Embellish , Embossement ; among the ancient languages we have from the Greek not a few , as those that end in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , with us end in m. as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Epigram , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Enthymem , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with us in t , as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Epithet , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , with us end in er , as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Astrologer , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with us in ast , as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Paraphrast , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in ist , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gymnosophist , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in ick , as Dramatick , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in isk , as Basilisk , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in aph , as Chirograph Paragraph , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in arch , as Monarch , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in y , or ie , as Philosophy , Rhapsodie , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in ism , as Syllogism , Sophism ; also their verbs in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , with us end in ize , as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cauterize ; in imitation , of which some , out of a pretty Capricchio , have given common words the same termination , as enfranchize , spiritualize , wantonize . The next thing to be observed of Greek words is their manner of composition , they are either compounded of these following prepositions , as (1) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , correspondent to the Latin Re , which in composition signifieth again , as Anaphora reductio , or a bringing back again , 2 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which , compounded with another word , implies an opposition , as Antiperistasis , an opposing of any quality against its contrary , 3 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , both wayes , or about , as Amphibious , i. e. living upon either element , land , or water , 4 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which in composition signifies a contrariety , as from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a hiding , Apocalypsis , a revealing , 5 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , implies a dilating , or a dividing , as Dioeresis , a dividing of one syllable into two , 6 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , answering in composition to the Latin , De as Cataphora , a carrying downward , 7 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in , or upon , as Epitaph , an inscription upon any ones Tombe , 8 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , out , as Ectype , a thing taken out of another Copy , 9 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in , or inward , as Engastrimyth , one that speaks inwardly , 10 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which implies a changing , as Metamorphosis , a changing of shapes , 11 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which implies a comparison , as Parabola , a story brought for a similitude , 12 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , about , as Peripherie , a carrying about , 13 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , before , as Prodromus , a fore-runner , 14 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to , or toward , as Prosthesis , an adding unto , 15 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , under , as Hypogastrick , the lowermost part of the belly , 16 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , above , as Hyperphysical , that which is above nature . Or else of other words , as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , first , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , many , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , false , and the privative 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , for example , Prototype , an Original , or first Copy , Polygon , a figure that hath many angles , or corners ; Pseudomartyr , a false witnesse , or conterfeit Martyr ; Atrophy , a want of the nutritive faculty , these are the most material , and all that are in use in our tongue .

But for the Latin words they will require a larger account to be given of them ; these are the main body of our Army of forraigne words , these are so numerous that they may well be thought to equal , if not exceed the number of our ancient words ; onely , here is the difference , That these are the more essential , those the more remote , and rather the superstructure then the foundation . Of these Latin words there are many ( as also some of the French , and others before mentioned ) that by long custome are so ingrafted , and naturaliz'd into our tongue , that now they are become free denizons , without any difference , or distinction between them and the Native words , and are familiarly understood by the common sort , and most unlearned of the people ; as nature , fortune , member , intend , inform , invent , and the like , others there are which though frequently written , and used in common discourse by the politer sort , and infranchized at least , if not naturalized , are not yet so very trite as to be understood by all , since divers ingenuous persons , addicted to the reading of books , are neverthelesse unacquainted with the Latin , and other forraign languages , and so are at a losse when they meet with unusual words , and some people if they spy but a hard word , are as much amazed as if they had met with a Hobgoblin , and these are they , more especially , the cognizance whereof is one part , though not the greatest , of this designe , but that there are in the book some words ordinary and trite enough , for I thought it better in such a case as this , rather to exceed then to be too sparing , since an exuberance is easilier cut off then a defect supplied ; I had thought once to have omitted this branch of our following work , as having been performed by others before , and that not without some diligence , but I thought it not enough to have added many more things then were yet ever thought on , but also to have the quintessence of what ever was offer'd at before , in another cast and better method , that it might be a complete work , and not wanting in any thing that could be desired in a designe so usefull to the Nation ; besides , that even of these sorts of words there were many wanting before , which were requisite to be inserted , many not so properly rendred as was convenient , divers cram'd in by the head and shoulders without any distinction , but as if they had been as good as the best ; whereas in works of this nature men ought to fly all Pedantismes , and not rashly to use all words alike , that are met with in every English Writer , whether Authentick , or not , this is a bad example to the unadmonish't Reader , and might incourage him to suck in barbarisme as soon as Elegance , but by long experience out of a continued course of reading the best Authors , and conversation with the better sort of company to examine throughly what words are natural , and ligitimate , and what spurious , and forc'st ; nor is it proper to quote an Authour for a word that long custome hath sufficiently authoriz'd , but either such as are grown out of use , or such as are used onely upon special occasions , or as terms of Art ; and not upon the credit of every one neither , nor to quote any modern , or trivial Authour for words used by those more ancient , or of greater credit : I do not deny indeed , but that there are many words in this book ( though fewer then in other books of this kinde ) which I would not recommend to any for the purity , or reputation of them , but this I had not done , but to please all humours , knowing that such kinde of words are written , & that the undistinguishing sort of Readers would take it very ill if they were not explained , but withall I have set my mark upon them , that he that studies a natural and unaffected stile , may take notice of them to beware of them , either in discourse , or writing ; and if any of them may have chanc't to have escap't the Obelisck ( as such a thing may happen in spight of deligence ) there can arise no other inconvenience from it , but an occasion to exercise the choice and judgement of the Reader , especially being forewarned , who if he have a fancie capable to judge of the harmony of words , and their musical cadence , cannot but discern when a word falls naturally from the Latin termination , when forc't and torn from it , as Imbellick , which might indeed come from Imbellicus , if any such word were , but how they can handsomely deduce it from Imbellis , is hard to resolve , if this be bad imprescriptible is worse , being derived , neither I nor any body else knows how , since Praescriptus is the nearest they can go : there are also worth the pains of avoiding certain kinde of Mule-words propagated of a Latin Sire , and a Greek Dam , such as Acrilogie , Aurigraphy , and others ejusdem farinae ; but I have also met with some forged , as I shrewdly suspect , by such as undertook to explain them ; so monstrously barbarous , and insufferable , that they are not worthy to be mentioned , nor once thought on , yet that ye may guesse at Hercules by his foot , one of them I shall produce , which is Suicide , a word which I had rather should be derived from Sus , a Sow , then from the Pronown Sui , unlesse ▪ there be some mystery in it ; as if it were a Swinish part for a man to kill himself .