THE
LIFE
OF
LYSANDER
.
By
the
Honourable
Charles
BOYLE
of
Christ-Church
.
VOLUME
III.
LYSANDER
.
'T
is
generally
agreed
that
Aristoclitus
Lysander's
Father
,
though
he
was
not
immediately
●●●●…ded
from
royal
ancestors
,
was
howev●●
▪
some
way
,
related
to
the
Family
of
the
Heraclidae
.
Lysander
himself
was
bred
up
under
much
hardship
,
and
behav'd
himself
all
along
wit●●●
due
respect
to
the
disciplin●
▪
and
manners
of
his
Country
.
He
was
〈◊〉
and
above
all
sort
of
pleasure
,
that
alone
〈…〉
arose
from
a
sense
of
honour
,
〈…〉
that
attends
just
and
generous
Actions
;
and
to
indulge
this
pleasure
was
very
excusable
at
Sparta
,
where
their
yough
was
fire'd
with
an
early
desire
of
Glory
,
taught
to
be
dejected
under
disgrace
,
and
rais'd
by
commendation
.
And
he
that
was
insensible
of
these
,
was
look'd
upon
as
one
of
a
mean
spirit
,
and
uncapable
of
aspiring
to
any
thing
that
's
great
or
manly
.
That
emulation
then
and
thirst
after
fame
which
appear'd
in
the
whole
course
of
Lysander's
Life
we
have
no
reason
to
blame
him
for
;
it
came
from
his
Country
,
and
education
;
but
another
fault
he
had
which
was
purely
his
own
;
He
paid
too
servile
a
deference
and
more
than
became
a
Spartan
,
to
great
men
;
and
where
his
interest
was
concern'd
,
bore
the
frowns
of
men
in
Authority
something
too
patiently
.
Which
however
by
some
is
reckon'd
no
small
part
of
Policy
.
Aristotle
,
where
he
observes
that
great
wits
are
generally
enclin'd
to
Melancholy
(
instancing
in
Socrates
,
Plato
and
Hercules
)
says
too
,
that
Lysander
,
though
not
in
his
Youth
,
was
in
his
declining
Age
subject
to
it
.
But
that
which
peculiarly
distinguish'd
his
Character
,
was
the
way
he
had
of
making
poverty
sit
well
upon
him
,
and
of
keeping
his
mind
steady
and
untainted
under
the
greatest
affluence
.
For
he
reserv'd
nothing
for
himself
out
of
all
those
spoils
of
Gold
and
Silver
that
he
brought
from
the
Attick
War
,
but
liberally
dispers'd
'em
among
his
Country-men
,
who
upon
this
increase
of
riches
began
to
value
'em
as
much
as
they
despis'd
'em
before
.
Another
instance
of
his
generous
disposition
was
this
,
when
Dionysius
the
Tyrant
wou'd
have
presented
his
Daughters
with
some
Garments
of
a
rich
Embroidery
,
he
refus'd
'em
,
with
that
handsome
excuse
,
That
they
were
fit
only
to
make
unhappy
faces
more
remarkable
:
But
this
temper
wore
off
by
degrees
;
for
being
sent
Embassadour
some
time
after
to
the
same
Tyrant
who
offer'd
him
the
choice
of
two
Vests
,
I
like
this
best
says
he
,
and
modestly
took
both
.
After
a
long
continuance
of
the
Peloponnesian
War
,
when
the
Athenians
had
receiv'd
a
great
blow
in
Sicily
,
and
were
under
fearful
apprehensions
of
a
total
overthrow
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
Alcibiades
being
recall'd
from
banishment
▪
manag'd
the
War
with
such
success
that
he
quickly
chang'd
the
whole
scene
of
Affairs
,
and
after
some
engagements
,
made
the
Athenians
equal
in
naval
power
to
the
Lacedaemonians
,
who
now
began
to
be
sensible
of
their
dangerous
condition
,
and
were
resolv'd
to
exert
themselves
more
vigorously
.
They
knew
this
design
requir'd
greater
preparations
and
a
bold
Commander
.
After
the
strictest
enquiry
they
found
none
of
more
ability
for
this
service
than
Lysander
.
In
discharge
of
this
new
Office
he
went
to
Ephesus
,
and
found
that
City
particularly
well
inclin'd
to
him
,
and
withal
wholly
in
the
interest
of
the
Lacedaemonians
,
though
at
that
time
in
very
mean
circumstances
,
and
almost
over-run
with
the
barbarous
Persian
customs
,
by
reason
of
their
frequent
commerce
with
'em
,
being
situated
opportunely
enough
to
invite
the
great
Officers
of
that
kingdom
often
to
reside
there
.
This
kind
reception
he
met
with
from
the
Ephesians
engag'd
him
to
pitch
his
Tents
among
'em
.
He
commanded
all
Victuallers
to
be
brought
into
their
harbour
,
and
built
a
dock
for
his
capital
Ships
,
and
by
this
means
their
ports
were
frequented
by
Merchants
,
their
exchange
was
full
of
business
,
and
their
Shops
had
a
plentiful
Trade
;
so
that
this
City
is
so
far
oblig'd
to
Lysander
that
it
ought
to
date
from
that
time
the
hope
and
rise
of
the
greatness
and
splendor
with
which
it
now
flourishes
.
But
hearing
that
Cyrus
was
now
at
Sardis
,
he
went
thither
chiefly
to
acquaint
him
with
the
treachery
of
Tissaphernes
,
who
though
he
had
a
commission
to
assist
the
Lacedaemonians
against
the
Athenians
,
upon
some
sollicitation
from
Alcibiades
(
as
't
was
suspected
)
acted
remissly
,
and
by
neglecting
to
pay
his
Soldiers
,
had
occasion'd
the
ruine
of
his
Fleet.
Cyrus
was
easily
perswaded
to
believe
the
truth
of
this
accusation
,
for
he
had
before
heard
an
ill
character
of
Tissaphernes
,
and
was
himself
particularly
disoblig'd
by
him
.
Lysander
by
these
means
,
and
the
opportunities
he
had
of
being
familiar
with
the
young
Prince
,
entirely
gain'd
his
affections
,
and
by
affable
conversation
,
and
due
respect
,
engag'd
him
strongly
on
his
side
.
Cyrus
to
shew
how
great
a
kindness
he
had
for
Lysander
,
after
he
had
splendidly
entertain'd
him
,
desir'd
him
to
deal
freely
,
and
assured
him
whatsoever
he
ask'd
should
be
granted
.
Lysander
was
so
modest
as
only
to
ask
a
small
addition
to
the
Sea-men's
pay
.
Cyrus
was
taken
with
his
generous
answer
,
and
made
him
a
present
of
ten
thousand
pieces
of
Silver
.
Lysander
manag'd
this
to
the
best
advantage
,
and
out
of
his
own
stock
liberally
encreased
the
Sea-men's
pay
;
by
this
encouragement
to
his
Soldiers
,
in
a
short
time
he
quite
wasted
the
Enemies
fleet
,
for
many
of
the
common
Soldiers
were
glad
to
go
over
to
that
party
where
the
most
money
was
stirring
.
And
those
few
that
staid
behind
behav'd
themselves
with
a
great
deal
of
indifferency
to
their
Officers
,
and
often
mutini'd
.
Though
he
had
thus
drain'd
and
weaken'd
his
adversaries
,
he
durst
not
engage
'em
,
because
Alcibiades
who
was
their
admiral
,
had
the
advantage
of
him
in
the
number
of
Ships
,
and
had
been
better
experienc'd
,
and
hitherto
more
successful
in
whatever
enterprize
he
undertook
either
by
Sea
or
Land
.
Alcibiades
having
occasion
to
go
from
Samos
to
Phocea
,
left
Antiochus
his
Vice-Admiral
,
who
to
upbraid
and
provoke
Lysander
,
sail'd
to
the
very
mouth
of
the
Harbour
at
Ephesus
,
and
impudently
pass'd
by
him
with
a
great
deal
of
noise
and
scorn
.
Lysander
who
was
too
high
spirited
,
not
to
resent
this
open
affront
,
with
two
or
three
Ships
immediately
pursu'd
him
,
but
when
he
saw
fresh
supplies
come
to
the
relief
of
Antiochus
,
he
call'd
up
more
to
his
assistance
,
and
in
a
little
while
the
whole
Fleet
was
engag'd
.
Lysander
soon
got
the
better
,
took
fifteen
of
their
Ships
,
and
set
up
a
Trophy
.
The
people
of
Athens
were
highly
displeas'd
at
Alcibiades
,
and
turn'd
him
out
of
their
service
,
who
being
now
disrespected
and
slightly
spoken
of
by
the
Soldiers
in
Samos
,
left
the
Army
and
withdrew
to
Peloponnesus
.
This
fight
was
no
farther
considerable
than
as
Alcibiades's
misfortune
made
it
so
.
Lysander
while
he
had
a
little
respite
,
sent
a
choice
number
of
bold
and
prudent
men
to
Ephesus
,
with
instructions
,
to
form
themselves
into
Companies
,
and
apply
themselves
to
Policy
and
business
,
upon
promise
that
assoon
as
the
Athenians
Government
was
broken
,
their
Democracy
shou'd
be
dissolv'd
,
and
they
made
Governors
in
their
respective
Cities
;
by
this
contrivance
,
he
secretly
made
way
for
the
Decemviri
,
and
all
other
innovations
which
afterwards
succeeded
in
that
Common-wealth
.
For
he
kept
his
word
with
his
Friends
,
and
still
promoted
those
that
acquitted
themselves
well
in
any
Office
,
to
higher
honours
and
preferments
,
and
to
comply
with
their
covetous
humours
,
was
himself
or
Accomplice
in
all
their
injustice
and
oppression
.
So
every
body
endeavour'd
to
ingratiate
himself
with
Lysander
;
to
Him
only
people
made
their
Court
and
application
,
and
promis'd
themselves
all
that
was
Great
or
Honourable
,
while
the
chief
power
of
the
Republick
was
lodg'd
in
him
.
Wherefore
assoon
as
he
left
'em
they
were
very
uneasie
under
his
Successor
Callicratidas
,
whose
Actions
indeed
show'd
him
to
be
Great
and
Just
,
yet
the
people
were
all
along
discontented
with
his
Conduct
,
which
favour'd
too
much
of
Dorick
plainness
as
they
call'd
it
,
that
is
,
true
Honesty
and
Sincerity
.
'T
is
true
,
they
admir'd
his
virtue
as
men
do
the
Beauty
of
some
Hero's
statue
,
but
their
desires
all
this
while
were
bent
upon
Lysander
,
the
loss
of
whose
Favour
and
benevolence
they
were
so
sensible
of
,
that
some
of
'em
exprest
their
Concern
with
Tears
.
Nay
,
he
drew
off
their
Affections
yet
more
from
Callicratidas
,
for
he
sent
back
to
Cyrus
the
residue
of
that
money
he
had
receiv'd
from
him
for
the
Soldiers
pay
,
and
scornfully
said
,
Let
's
see
now
how
you
,
Callicratidas
,
can
support
the
Charges
of
the
Army
.
I
have
resign'd
that
Fleet
to
you
which
Commands
the
whole
Ocean
.
This
empty
and
affected
vanity
,
Callicratidas
thus
handsomely
reprov'd
.
First
pass
the
Athenian
Navy
at
Samos
,
after
that
resign
me
your
Command
,
and
then
I
'll
confess
you
have
deliver'd
up
to
me
that
Fleet
which
rides
master
of
the
Seas
,
for
till
it
dares
face
the
Enemy
there
,
it
can
scarce
,
I
think
,
claim
that
Title
.
No
says
Lysander
,
I
have
done
with
it
now
,
't
is
wholly
under
your
conduct
,
so
he
sail'd
off
for
Peloponnesus
.
Callicratidas
was
left
in
great
perplexity
,
for
he
had
brought
no
money
from
home
with
him
,
neither
cou'd
he
raise
any
,
the
People
had
been
too
much
oppress'd
to
endure
another
Tax
.
The
only
refuge
he
had
was
to
beg
Supplies
,
as
Lysander
had
done
,
from
some
foreign
Prince
.
And
he
was
the
most
unqualified
of
any
man
for
this
employ
,
for
he
was
of
so
Noble
and
generous
a
Spirit
,
that
he
cou'd
sooner
brook
Slavery
under
a
Grecian
Enemy
,
than
bring
himself
to
flatter
and
caress
a
Barbarian
,
who
had
nothing
to
value
himself
upon
but
his
Gold
.
However
necessity
forc'd
him
to
Lydia
,
and
when
he
came
to
Cyrus
his
Palace
,
he
bid
one
of
the
attendants
tell
him
,
Callicratidas
was
come
to
wait
upon
him
.
The
Servant
reply'd
,
The
King
is
not
at
leisure
now
,
he
's
drinking
.
Well
,
says
Callicratidas
,
(
without
any
design
of
an
Affront
)
I
'll
stay
till
he
has
done
.
The
Lydians
upon
this
answer
took
him
for
some
ill
bred
Clown
.
So
when
he
saw
himself
laugh'd
at
,
and
slighted
by
the
Barbarians
he
withdrew
a
while
,
but
upon
his
return
not
gaining
admission
,
he
resented
it
so
highly
,
that
he
went
immediately
to
Ephesus
,
reflecting
with
indignation
upon
those
mean
wretches
,
that
first
cring'd
to
Barbarians
,
and
encourag'd
'em
to
be
proud
,
only
because
they
were
rich
;
he
farther
protested
to
some
of
his
Friends
,
that
assoon
as
he
arriv'd
at
Sparta
,
he
wou'd
make
it
his
business
to
reconcile
the
differences
among
the
Greeks
,
and
unite
'em
against
the
Barbarians
,
or
at
least
perswade
'em
so
far
,
as
never
to
accept
assistance
from
their
hands
against
one
another
.
These
resolutions
indeed
were
worthy
of
Callicratidas
,
whose
virtue
and
bravery
were
not
inferiour
to
the
greatest
of
the
Lacedaemonians
,
but
he
was
unhappily
taken
off
,
after
he
had
lost
the
victory
at
Arginusa
,
before
he
cou'd
put
'em
in
execution
.
The
prospect
of
affairs
looking
now
very
dismally
,
the
Confederates
sent
an
Ambassy
to
Sparta
to
desire
that
Lysander
might
be
chose
Admiral
,
expressing
very
earnestly
the
great
confidence
they
had
of
success
under
his
Conduct
.
Cyrus
too
dispatch'd
Letters
thither
to
the
same
effect
.
Now
there
was
a
Law
among
the
Lacedaemonians
that
oblig'd
'em
never
to
conferr
that
command
twice
upon
the
same
person
,
yet
they
were
desirous
to
gratifie
their
Allies
;
so
they
gave
one
Acacus
the
Title
,
but
Him
the
power
.
This
news
was
receiv'd
with
great
satisfaction
by
the
chief
Magistrates
of
the
Republique
.
For
he
had
long
since
rais'd
their
expectations
,
and
given
'em
hopes
,
that
the
Democracy
shou'd
soon
be
put
down
,
and
the
whole
Government
devolve
upon
them
.
Whoever
takes
an
impartial
view
of
these
two
Generals
,
will
find
in
Callicratidas
an
open
and
sincere
carriage
,
in
Lysander
craft
and
cunning
,
for
he
ow'd
most
of
his
success
in
War
to
some
under-hand
trick
,
and
never
scrupl'd
to
preferr
Interest
to
Honesty
;
he
thought
nature
had
fix'd
no
difference
between
truth
and
falshood
,
and
so
made
advantage
the
measure
of
both
.
When
he
was
told
,
't
was
below
the
character
of
one
descended
from
Hercules
,
to
relie
upon
Stratagems
in
War
,
he
turn'd
it
off
with
a
Jest
,
and
said
,
When
the
Lions
strength
fails
,
we
must
take
in
the
Fox's
subtilty
.
He
gave
a
remarkable
instance
of
his
disposition
this
way
at
Miletus
.
For
when
his
Friends
whom
he
had
promis'd
to
help
in
subverting
the
present
Government
,
had
chang'd
their
Opinions
,
and
sided
with
the
contrary
party
,
he
pretended
openly
to
be
much
pleas'd
with
their
proceedings
,
and
to
desire
a
reconciliation
,
but
secretly
thus
contriv'd
their
ruine
.
First
he
provok'd
'em
to
set
upon
the
multitude
,
and
assoon
as
they
had
rais'd
a
tumult
he
himself
came
up
to
the
head
of
'em
,
and
in
the
ears
of
the
common
people
gave
'em
a
severe
reprimand
,
but
privately
fomented
the
disturbance
,
and
assur'd
'em
of
his
assistance
.
This
treacherous
management
of
his
encourag'd
the
Rebels
to
stay
in
the
City
where
they
were
all
kill'd
just
as
he
had
design'd
.
Androclides
takes
notice
that
this
deceitful
temper
ran
through
the
whole
course
of
his
Life
;
for
he
says
,
he
cheated
Children
with
foul
play
,
and
men
with
perjury
,
and
all
along
follow'd
the
example
of
Polycrates
.
Though
't
is
inexcusable
in
a
General
to
imitate
a
Tyrant
,
and
very
disagreable
to
the
character
of
a
Spartan
to
use
his
Gods
more
contemptibly
than
he
does
his
Enemies
,
for
he
that
over-reaches
his
Adversary
by
a
false
Oath
,
declares
he
fears
Him
,
and
despises
the
Gods
.
Without
any
farther
reflection
upon
Lysander's
vices
,
let
us
return
to
his
Conduct
.
We
left
the
Fleet
under
his
Command
,
yet
he
thought
he
had
too
few
Ships
,
to
encounter
the
Enemy
with
,
and
too
many
to
lie
still
,
so
he
cruis'd
about
some
neighbouring
Islands
,
and
surpriz'd
Aegina
,
and
Salamis
,
from
whence
he
steer'd
his
course
to
Attica
,
where
he
waited
upon
Agis
,
and
with
great
Ostentation
,
as
if
he
had
been
Master
of
the
Seas
,
drew
out
his
Fleet
before
him
,
but
hearing
that
the
Athenians
pursu'd
him
,
he
made
off
,
not
without
some
confusion
,
towards
Asia
,
and
finding
the
Hellespont
open
without
any
guard
,
he
attack'd
Lampsacus
by
Sea
,
whilst
Thorax
at
the
same
time
besieg'd
it
by
Land
,
and
assoon
as
the
Town
was
storm'd
,
he
gave
his
Soldiers
the
plunder
of
it
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Athenian
Fleet
consisting
of
an
hundred
and
eighty
Sail
,
were
going
for
Elis
,
but
having
intelligence
that
Lampsacus
was
taken
,
they
alter'd
their
measures
and
put
in
at
Sestos
,
whence
after
they
had
taken
in
Provisions
,
they
went
to
the
River
Egus
,
where
they
were
just
opposite
to
the
Enemy
,
which
was
still
cruising
about
Lampsacus
.
Amongst
the
Athenian
Commanders
Philocles
was
one
,
the
same
that
formerly
stir'd
up
the
common
People
to
a
Rebellion
,
and
mov'd
once
in
Council
to
cut
off
the
right
Thumb
of
every
Captive
,
that
they
might
be
disabled
from
managing
any
Weapon
,
and
yet
be
serviceable
to
'em
in
handling
the
Oar.
The
two
navies
now
were
in
sight
of
one
another
,
and
every
body
expected
an
Engagement
the
next
morning
;
but
Lysander
had
quite
other
designs
;
he
commanded
all
the
Seamen
on
board
,
as
if
they
were
to
fight
by
break
of
day
,
and
gave
'em
a
strict
charge
to
be
in
readiness
upon
the
first
sign
;
he
gave
the
same
orders
to
the
Infantry
who
lay
upon
the
shore
:
About
Sun-rising
the
Athenian
Fleet
drew
up
in
a
line
directly
before
the
Lacedaemonians
,
and
gave
the
challenge
,
but
Lysander
wou'd
not
accept
it
,
however
he
heart'ned
his
men
,
bid
every
one
keep
his
post
and
be
silent
.
So
the
Athenians
at
evening
were
forc'd
to
retire
,
and
the
same
game
was
play'd
over
for
three
or
four
days
together
.
Upon
this
news
Alcibiades
came
up
to
'em
out
of
Peloponnesus
,
and
finding
some
fault
with
the
situation
of
the
Camp
,
and
the
ill
management
of
some
things
relating
to
the
Fleet
,
met
with
a
scornful
rebuke
from
Tydeus
that
sent
him
back
again
.
When
he
was
gone
they
offer'd
Battle
as
they
had
done
several
times
to
no
purpose
;
Lysander
,
when
he
saw
'em
returning
with
disdain
and
(
as
they
thought
)
security
to
their
Harbours
,
dispatch'd
some
few
light
Vessels
to
observe
their
motion
,
and
bid
the
Captains
,
row
back
assoon
as
ever
they
saw
the
Athenians
Land
,
and
lift
up
the
Golden
Shield
from
the
fore
deck
,
upon
which
sign
he
'd
immediately
make
up
to
'em
.
Afterwards
he
gave
▪
orders
to
the
Officers
in
the
Fleet
diligently
to
look
after
the
Soldiers
and
Mariners
,
and
take
care
they
shou'd
be
all
ready
to
run
in
briskly
upon
the
Enemy
,
at
the
first
sight
of
the
Shield
.
By
that
time
he
had
given
his
instructions
,
the
sign
immediately
appear'd
,
and
the
Trumpet
from
the
Admiral
sounded
to
Battel
,
the
Ships
set
sail
,
and
the
Land
men
marched
up
along
the
shore
to
the
promontory
.
The
distance
between
the
two
continents
was
fifteen
Furlongs
,
but
the
Sea-men
were
so
eager
and
industrious
,
that
they
soon
reach'd
the
opposite
shore
;
yet
Conon
the
chief
Captain
of
the
Athenians
had
descry'd
'em
,
and
made
what
haste
he
cou'd
,
to
get
his
Soldiers
on
board
;
some
he
commanded
,
some
he
perswaded
,
and
others
he
forc'd
into
the
Ships
;
but
all
his
endeavours
were
in
vain
,
his
men
,
not
in
the
least
suspecting
any
surprize
,
were
dispers'd
;
one
party
was
walking
in
the
Fields
,
another
slept
in
their
Tents
,
a
third
was
gone
to
Market
.
So
Conon
when
the
noise
and
Cries
of
the
Lacedaemonians
drew
very
near
him
,
made
his
escape
with
eight
Ships
to
Evagoras
King
of
Cyprus
.
The
Peloponnesians
fell
upon
those
that
remain'd
,
and
either
took
or
disabled
'em
all
.
Those
Soldiers
that
came
to
the
relief
of
the
navy
were
slain
in
the
attempt
,
those
that
thought
to
make
their
escape
by
flight
,
were
pursu'd
and
taken
.
Lysander
took
three
thousand
Prisoners
with
their
Commanders
,
and
seiz'd
the
whole
Fleet
,
except
those
few
Ships
that
convey'd
Conon
to
Evagoras
.
Thus
after
he
had
compleated
this
famous
Victory
by
his
own
Counsel
and
Conduct
,
and
in
so
little
a
time
,
with
such
unexpected
success
,
put
an
end
to
that
War
which
had
been
so
long
depending
,
and
in
which
more
Grecians
lost
their
Lives
,
than
in
all
the
former
ones
,
he
return'd
in
Triumph
to
Lampsacus
.
This
Action
was
so
surprizing
that
't
was
thought
a
particular
Providence
was
concern'd
in
it
.
Some
say
Castor
and
Pollux
plac'd
themselves
on
each
side
Lysander's
Ship
,
and
attended
this
affair
with
extraordinary
influence
.
Others
fansi'd
a
stone
,
that
seem'd
to
fall
from
Heaven
,
to
be
an
Omen
of
this
overthrow
.
'T
was
of
a
vast
bigness
,
and
fell
by
the
River
Egus
.
The
Peloponnesians
esteem
it
very
much
,
and
show
it
among
their
Curiosities
to
this
day
.
Theophrastus
tells
us
that
Lysander
,
when
the
three
Thousand
Athenians
which
he
took
prisoners
were
condemned
by
the
Council
,
call'd
Philocles
and
asked
him
What
punishment
he
thought
that
man
deserv'd
,
who
advis'd
the
Citizens
to
proceed
so
severely
against
the
Grecians
?
Philocles
not
at
all
daunted
in
his
Adversity
,
reply'd
,
You
are
no
judge
in
this
Case
,
but
do
you
use
your
Prisoners
as
I
wou'd
have
us'd
you
,
if
you
had
been
mine
.
After
this
bold
answer
,
with
all
gayety
and
cheerfulness
he
led
on
his
Country-men
,
as
if
he
had
been
going
rather
to
a
Triumph
,
than
his
Execution
.
When
this
Tragedy
was
over
,
Lysander
visited
all
the
neighbouring
Cities
,
and
Commanded
all
the
Athenians
he
found
,
upon
pain
of
death
,
to
repair
to
Athens
.
His
design
was
this
,
That
the
City
being
thus
throng'd
might
soon
be
reduc'd
to
Famine
,
and
glad
to
surrender
upon
discretion
,
as
soon
as
he
open'd
the
Siege
.
Where-ever
he
came
,
he
chang'd
the
present
Government
of
the
place
,
and
put
in
a
Lacedaemonian
as
Chief
with
ten
other
Assistants
.
Thus
he
dealt
not
only
with
his
Enemies
,
but
his
Allies
,
and
by
this
means
had
in
a
manner
engross'd
to
himself
the
whole
Empire
of
Greece
.
He
did
not
employ
the
Nobility
or
the
wealthy
Citizens
in
any
part
of
the
Government
,
but
put
it
into
the
hands
either
of
private
Friends
,
or
strangers
,
and
entrusted
'em
with
full
power
of
Life
and
Death
.
Many
were
executed
whilst
he
was
present
,
and
whoever
exprest
any
dislike
of
his
Friends
proceedings
were
sure
to
meet
with
very
hard
usage
.
This
management
gave
the
Greeks
an
ill
Opinion
of
the
Lacedaemonian
Government
.
From
hence
Theopompus
took
occasion
by
way
of
drollery
to
compare
the
Lacedaemonians
with
Vint'ners
,
who
whilst
they
pretend
to
entertain
us
with
sweet
Wine
give
it
a
dash
of
Vinegar
;
for
though
Lysander
openly
profess'd
he
allow'd
'em
all
their
Freedom
and
privileges
,
yet
he
oppress'd
'em
so
much
by
his
Ambitious
and
Tyrannical
Officers
that
no
Slavery
cou'd
be
more
uneasie
to
'em
than
what
he
call'd
Liberty
.
Having
settled
Affairs
here
according
to
his
mind
,
and
dispatch'd
Messengers
to
tell
the
Lacedaemonians
,
that
he
shou'd
return
to
them
with
two
hundred
Sail
in
a
very
short
time
,
he
appear'd
before
Attica
,
with
such
assurance
,
as
if
he
thought
of
nothing
less
than
the
immediate
surrender
of
the
City
.
But
when
he
found
the
Athenians
made
a
vigorous
defence
beyond
his
expectation
,
he
retreated
into
Asia
,
and
made
the
same
alteration
in
other
Cities
as
he
had
done
in
those
we
mentioned
before
▪
putting
some
to
death
who
did
not
submit
to
his
Tyranny
,
and
forcing
others
to
quit
their
Country
.
He
utterly
routed
the
Samians
,
and
gave
Fugitives
the
possession
of
their
Cities
.
He
us'd
the
same
Barbarity
to
the
Inhabitants
of
Sestos
,
which
was
then
in
the
hands
of
the
Athenians
,
and
divided
it
among
his
Sea-men
.
The
Lacedaemonians
themselves
were
displeas'd
at
these
inhumane
proceedings
,
though
against
their
Enemies
,
and
re-establish'd
the
Sestians
.
The
Greecians
were
well
satisfi'd
with
Lysander's
Conduct
,
for
by
his
means
the
Aeginites
were
restor'd
to
their
own
Cities
,
of
which
the
Athenians
had
injustly
possess'd
themselves
.
By
this
time
Lysander
had
intelligence
that
there
was
a
Famine
in
Athens
,
upon
which
he
sail'd
to
the
Piraeum
,
and
had
no
sooner
began
his
siege
,
but
the
City
surrendred
,
submitting
to
whatever
Terms
he
demanded
.
'T
is
reported
among
the
Lacedaemonians
,
that
Lysander
wrote
to
the
Magistrates
thus
,
Athens
is
taken
:
To
which
they
return'd
this
Answer
in
the
same
way
;
You
say
't
is
taken
,
we
are
satisfi'd
.
But
this
was
recorded
rather
as
Laconick
than
true
,
for
they
commanded
him
to
observe
these
orders
.
They
run
thus
:
Know
this
is
the
decree
of
the
Lacedaemonians
;
Pull
down
the
Piraeum
,
and
the
long
Wall
;
Divide
their
Lands
among
the
neighbouring
Cities
;
Allow
'em
what
's
necessary
,
and
set
the
Captives
at
liberty
.
When
you
have
perform'd
this
,
enjoy
that
peace
which
you
have
so
well
deserv'd
:
As
for
the
number
of
Ships
,
use
your
own
discretion
in
that
matter
.
When
these
orders
came
to
the
Athenians
,
they
took
Theramenes
his
advice
thereupon
,
whom
Cleomenes
one
of
the
young
Councellors
ask'd
,
why
he
acted
contrary
to
the
intention
of
Themistocles
,
and
gave
those
Walls
into
the
hands
of
the
Lacedaemonians
,
which
he
built
in
defiance
of
'em
.
Youth
,
says
he
,
I
have
my
eye
upon
Themistocles
his
design
.
He
rais'd
these
Walls
for
the
preservation
of
the
City
,
and
I
for
the
very
same
reason
wou'd
have
'em
destroy'd
;
and
if
Walls
only
secure
a
City
,
Sparta
which
has
none
is
in
a
very
ill
condition
.
Lysander
as
soon
as
the
Ships
and
Fortifications
of
the
Athenians
were
deliver'd
into
his
hands
,
attempted
the
same
alteration
among
them
,
as
he
had
made
in
the
other
parts
of
Greece
,
but
finding
'em
more
stubborn
than
he
expected
,
he
complain'd
to
the
Lacedaemonians
,
that
their
orders
were
not
observ'd
by
the
Athenians
,
that
the
Walls
were
yet
standing
,
after
the
time
fix'd
for
their
pulling
down
was
expir'd
,
and
now
since
they
had
broke
their
first
Articles
,
he
declar'd
he
wou'd
not
enter
into
new
conditions
with
'em
.
Some
say
he
mov'd
in
Council
that
they
might
be
reduc'd
to
Slavery
,
when
at
the
same
time
Erianthus
the
Theban
propos'd
wholly
to
destroy
the
City
,
and
leave
the
Country
desolate
;
but
a
little
afterwards
at
an
entertainment
of
the
Captains
,
one
of
'em
repeated
some
verses
out
of
Eurypides's
Electra
:
They
begun
thus
,
Electra
,
O
unhappy
Queen
,
Whither
wou'd
you
fly
!
return
;
Your
absence
the
forsaken
Groves
And
desert
Palace
seem
to
mourn
.
This
struck
'em
,
and
,
gave
'em
occasion
to
reflect
,
how
barbarous
't
wou'd
appear
to
lay
that
City
in
ruine
,
which
had
been
renown'd
for
the
birth
and
education
of
so
many
famous
men
.
However
Lysander
,
the
Athenians
entirely
submitting
to
him
,
call'd
a
great
consort
of
Musick
,
both
out
of
the
City
and
Camp
,
and
whilst
he
pull'd
down
the
Walls
and
burn'd
the
Ships
,
his
associates
dancing
and
Crown'd
with
Garlands
,
express'd
as
much
joy
,
as
if
the
end
of
other
men's
happiness
,
had
been
the
beginning
of
their
own
.
After
this
,
according
to
his
usual
way
of
dealing
with
Conquer'd
People
,
he
alter'd
their
Government
,
appointed
thirty
Rulers
over
the
City
,
and
ten
over
the
Piraeum
,
plac'd
a
strong
Garrison
in
the
Tower
,
and
made
Callibius
a
Spartan
the
Governour
,
who
upon
some
slight
occasion
offer'd
to
strike
Autolycus
(
a
famous
wrestler
,
the
same
whom
Xenophon
mentions
in
his
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
)
but
the
young
Gentleman
avoided
the
blow
,
and
gave
Callibius
a
fall
.
Lysander
,
though
this
reflected
upon
one
of
his
Officers
,
seem'd
not
to
be
much
disturb'd
at
it
,
he
only
mildly
reprimanded
Autolycus
,
and
told
him
Callibius
was
unacquainted
with
the
Athenian
Polity
,
and
did
not
know
the
distinction
of
his
quality
:
But
soon
after
the
Governours
to
ingratiate
themselves
with
Callibius
,
kill'd
Autolycus
.
Lysander
when
he
had
settled
his
Affairs
,
sail'd
to
Thrace
.
All
the
money
and
presents
which
he
had
receiv'd
(
and
in
all
probability
a
man
in
his
station
must
have
receiv'd
many
)
he
sent
to
Lacedaemon
by
Gulippus
,
whom
he
had
made
Captain
over
the
Troops
in
Sicily
.
This
Gulippus
ripp'd
up
every
bag
,
and
when
he
had
taken
out
of
each
as
much
as
he
thought
fit
,
sow'd
'em
up
again
;
but
this
was
not
manag'd
so
cunningly
as
he
imagin'd
,
for
in
every
bag
it
seems
there
was
a
bill
that
gave
a
particular
account
of
its
summ
,
so
that
when
he
came
to
Sparta
,
having
first
secur'd
,
as
he
thought
,
under
the
tiles
of
his
House
what
he
had
taken
for
his
own
use
,
he
deliver'd
up
his
charge
to
the
Magistrates
,
and
with
a
good
assurance
show'd
'em
the
Seals
as
a
mark
of
his
fidelity
.
But
when
they
examin'd
the
money
and
found
it
fall
short
of
the
Accounts
express'd
in
the
Bills
,
not
suspecting
any
cheat
in
the
Messenger
they
were
something
surpriz'd
at
the
difference
,
till
Gulippus
his
Servant
betray'd
the
Secret
,
and
told
'em
by
way
of
Riddle
,
That
he
had
observ'd
a
great
many
Owls
lodg'd
under
his
Masters
tiles
:
Now
the
Athenian
money
being
generally
stamp'd
with
the
image
of
an
Owl
,
this
Mystery
was
quicly
understood
,
and
Gulippus
having
stain'd
his
former
reputation
with
this
mean
action
,
was
asham'd
to
appear
any
more
at
Lacedaemon
.
Some
of
the
wisest
among
the
Spartans
,
probably
upon
this
occasion
,
being
sensible
what
an
ill
influence
money
had
over
most
mens
manners
,
and
how
easily
the
best
were
corrupted
by
it
,
were
very
warm
in
their
reflections
upon
Lysander
,
and
earnestly
press'd
the
Magistrates
to
send
away
all
their
treasure
of
Gold
and
Silver
.
This
debate
was
referr'd
to
a
Council
,
where
as
Theopompus
says
Scirophidas
,
as
Ephorus
will
have
it
,
Phlogidas
,
openly
declar'd
against
receiving
Gold
or
Silver
into
the
City
,
and
mov'd
that
no
money
might
be
us'd
amongst
'em
,
but
their
own
,
which
was
Iron
dip'd
in
Vinegar
whilst
it
was
Red-hot
,
to
make
it
hard
and
unpliable
,
that
it
might
not
easily
be
cover'd
with
Counterfeit
Brass
,
this
Coin
of
theirs
made
in
the
fashion
of
a
Pyramid
,
was
heavy
,
and
that
which
was
much
in
weight
,
was
but
little
in
value
,
so
that
't
was
very
troublesome
to
carry
any
considerable
Summ.
This
party
that
Voted
against
keeping
the
money
was
over-power'd
by
Lysander's
Friends
,
and
at
last
't
was
decreed
that
it
shou'd
be
employ'd
upon
Publick
Occasions
,
and
that
it
shou'd
be
a
Capital
Crime
to
convert
any
of
it
to
Private
uses
;
But
this
did
not
at
all
answer
Lycurgus
his
design
,
who
by
a
scarcity
of
money
intended
to
prevent
Covetousness
which
is
generally
the
ill
Consequence
of
Riches
;
now
this
was
not
so
much
prevented
by
forbidding
the
use
of
money
in
Private
,
as
't
was
encourag'd
by
allowing
it
in
Publick
,
and
it
cou'd
not
be
imagin'd
that
People
who
manag'd
wealth
to
so
General
an
Advantage
of
the
Republick
,
shou●d
think
it
of
no
concern
to
themselves
;
nay
't
is
much
more
reasonable
to
conclude
that
the
common
Custom
of
a
Nation
shou'd
influence
particular
men
,
than
that
the
whole
Nation
shou'd
be
corrupted
by
the
Actions
of
some
few
,
who
upon
any
misdemeanor
may
be
call'd
to
account
,
and
reduc'd
to
a
better
sense
of
their
duty
,
by
sound
Laws
and
strict
Discipline
.
So
that
the
order
of
State
which
we
just
now
mentioned
,
was
of
no
benefit
to
the
Commonwealth
,
for
though
the
fear
of
punishment
was
a
pretty
secure
Guard
upon
men
,
not
to
hazard
their
Lives
in
Treasuring
up
money
,
yet
the
prohibition
only
heighten'd
their
desires
,
and
if
their
Actions
did
not
break
out
,
at
last
their
affections
were
tainted
.
But
I
shall
say
no
more
of
this
matter
here
,
because
I
have
reflected
upon
it
in
another
place
.
Lysander
,
as
we
observ'd
before
,
being
much
enrich'd
with
plunder
and
presents
,
rais'd
his
own
and
several
of
the
chief
Commanders
statues
in
Brass
at
Delphos
,
and
represented
in
Gold
the
Constellations
of
Castor
,
and
Pollux
,
which
had
shone
so
favourably
upon
him
at
the
Battel
of
Leuctra
.
The
great
Ship
that
Cyrus
sent
him
when
he
congratualted
him
upon
his
Victory
,
he
plac'd
in
the
Treasury
of
Brasidas
,
and
the
Acanthians
,
and
Alexandrides
in
his
History
names
a
very
considerable
Summ
left
there
by
Lysander
.
But
this
account
is
not
agreeable
to
the
latter
circumstances
of
his
Life
.
It
must
be
own'd
that
never
any
Lacedaemonian
General
had
so
absolute
an
Authority
as
Lysander
,
yet
his
Pride
and
Haughtiness
of
Spirit
still
carried
him
beyond
it
,
insomuch
that
Douris
says
the
Grecians
rais'd
Altars
to
his
Honour
and
sacrificed
to
him
as
a
God
.
He
was
the
first
that
was
complimented
with
Songs
of
Triumph
;
one
of
which
begun
thus
,
To
the
brave
Leader
of
our
Bands
,
Begin
the
Song
,
which
Gods
inspire
;
With
Tuneful
Voice
,
and
Artful
Hands
:
Io
Paean
!
touch
the
Lyre
!
And
the
Samians
decreed
that
the
Feasts
which
were
Celebrated
in
the
Honour
of
Juno
,
shou'd
now
be
transferr'd
to
Lysander
.
Chaerilus
a
Poet
was
always
one
of
his
retinue
and
ready
upon
all
occasions
to
Celebrate
his
Actions
.
Antilochus
presenting
him
with
a
Panegyrick
which
he
was
much
pleas'd
with
,
was
very
splendidly
rewarded
.
There
was
a
great
emulation
between
Antimachus
of
Colophon
and
Niceratus
of
Heraclea
,
who
shou'd
write
the
best
Poem
in
Lysander's
Praise
.
The
Lawrel
was
given
to
Niceratus
,
which
Antimachus
taking
ill
,
suppress'd
his
Verses
.
Plato
who
was
then
a
young
Man
,
and
an
admirer
of
Antimachus
his
Poetry
,
desir'd
him
to
bear
this
little
misfortune
with
more
Courage
,
telling
him
that
ignorance
affects
only
those
that
are
ignorant
,
as
Blindness
hurts
those
alone
that
are
Blind
,
and
that
this
affront
was
not
so
much
his
own
unhappiness
,
as
theirs
who
were
not
able
to
judge
of
his
excellencies
.
Aristonous
the
Musician
who
had
six
times
won
the
prize
of
the
Pythian
games
,
openly
declar'd
,
that
if
ever
he
had
the
fortune
to
be
conquerour
once
more
,
he
'd
employ
all
his
art
in
Lysander's
praises
.
Lysander's
Haughtiness
and
Ambition
was
alike
uneasie
to
his
Superiours
and
his
equals
;
he
had
so
many
Creatures
follow'd
him
,
that
he
look'd
upon
every
Body
with
careless
disdain
,
and
was
so
regardless
of
other
peoples
Opinions
,
that
he
made
his
own
humour
the
measure
of
all
his
Actions
;
to
his
Friends
and
those
strangers
that
humbly
attended
him
,
and
sided
with
his
party
,
he
was
too
liberally
grateful
,
and
rewarded
their
services
with
unlimited
Commissions
to
govern
Cities
as
absolutely
as
they
pleas'd
:
But
an
Enemy
seldom
escap'd
his
revenge
,
and
that
was
never
satisfi'd
but
with
the
death
of
the
Offender
.
To
compass
this
he
stuck
at
nothing
that
was
base
or
treacherous
,
as
't
is
plain
from
his
dealing
with
the
Milesians
.
They
had
appear'd
too
forward
in
maintaining
the
right
of
the
people
,
and
when
they
found
their
designs
discover'd
,
he
was
afraid
they
might
secure
themselves
by
flight
,
to
prevent
this
he
solemnly
swore
not
a
man
of
them
should
suffer
;
Upon
this
they
were
all
so
credulous
as
to
relie
upon
his
word
,
nay
many
who
upon
apprehension
of
punishment
had
before
absconded
,
appear'd
abroad
again
,
so
when
he
had
got
'em
all
in
his
power
,
he
order'd
800
of
'em
to
be
slain
at
one
execution
.
In
every
City
he
exercis'd
cruelties
of
this
nature
,
and
no
man
cou'd
be
safe
who
was
suspected
of
any
inclinations
to
popular
Government
.
He
did
not
only
sacrifice
men
to
his
own
private
caprices
,
but
with
the
same
barbarity
gratifi'd
either
the
malice
or
Covetousness
of
his
Friends
.
From
whence
Eteocles
his
saying
became
famous
;
that
Greece
cou'd
never
bear
two
Lysanders
.
Theophrastus
says
that
Archistratus
appli'd
the
same
thing
to
Alcibiades
.
Pharnabazus
after
he
had
been
plundred
and
very
ill
us'd
by
him
,
sent
informers
against
him
to
Sparta
.
The
Magistrates
took
this
complaint
into
Consideration
,
and
put
some
of
his
Friends
to
death
,
amongst
which
was
his
Fellow-Captain
Thorax
,
who
against
the
late
Law
was
found
with
Silver
in
his
possession
;
neither
did
they
stop
here
in
punishing
his
accomplices
,
but
commanded
him
home
by
their
Scytale
.
The
nature
and
use
of
which
was
this
.
When
the
Magistrates
gave
their
Commission
to
any
Admiral
or
General
,
they
took
two
round
pieces
of
Wood
both
eactly
equal
in
breadth
and
thickness
,
one
they
kept
themselves
,
the
other
was
deliver'd
to
their
Officer
,
so
when
they
had
any
thing
of
moment
which
they
wou'd
secretly
convey
to
him
;
they
cut
a
long
narrow
scrowl
of
Parchment
,
and
rowling
it
about
their
own
staff
one
fold
close
upon
another
,
they
wrote
their
business
on
it
,
when
they
had
wrote
what
they
had
to
say
,
they
took
off
the
Parchment
and
sent
it
to
the
General
,
he
appli'd
it
to
his
own
staff
,
which
being
just
like
that
of
the
Magistrates
,
the
folds
fell
in
with
one
another
,
exactly
as
they
did
at
the
writing
,
and
the
Characters
,
which
,
before
't
was
wrapt
up
,
were
confusedly
disjoin'd
,
and
altogether
unintelligible
,
appear'd
now
very
plainly
.
Lysander
was
startled
at
the
Scytale
,
and
being
conscious
how
ill
he
had
us'd
Pharnabazus
,
thought
this
message
was
chiefly
upon
his
Account
,
so
he
took
all
the
care
imaginable
to
have
a
speedy
conference
with
him
,
and
hop'd
by
a
little
discourse
to
compose
all
differences
between
'em
.
When
they
met
,
he
desir'd
him
to
give
another
information
to
the
Senate
,
and
to
contradict
what
his
Messengers
had
told
'em
before
.
Pharnabazus
seem'd
to
comply
with
these
proposals
,
but
,
as
't
is
in
the
Proverb
,
Put
the
cheat
upon
the
deceiver
;
for
he
wrote
a
Letter
in
Lysander's
Presence
according
to
his
directions
,
but
had
contriv'd
to
have
another
by
him
,
which
was
to
a
quite
contrary
effect
;
so
when
they
came
to
Seal
the
Letter
,
he
put
that
upon
him
which
he
had
writ
under-hand
;
Lysander
return'd
boldly
to
Lacedaemon
,
and
attending
the
Magistrates
,
as
't
is
their
Custom
,
at
the
Palace
,
he
deliver'd
Pharnabazus
his
Letter
to
'em
,
which
he
was
pretty
confidently
assur'd
,
wou'd
take
off
his
greatest
Accusation
,
for
he
knew
Pharnabazus
was
much
valu'd
by
the
Lacedaemonians
,
as
being
an
expert
Soldier
and
a
favourite
of
Artaxerxes
.
The
Magistrates
read
the
Letter
,
and
show'd
it
Lysander
,
he
was
much
surpriz'd
to
meet
with
what
he
had
not
in
the
least
suspected
,
and
in
great
confusion
left
the
Palace
.
Some
days
after
when
he
was
amongst
the
Governors
,
he
told
'em
he
was
oblig'd
to
go
to
Ammon's
Temple
,
and
pay
that
Sacrifice
which
he
had
Vow'd
to
him
before
the
Battel
,
and
't
is
indeed
reported
that
Ammon
appear'd
to
him
in
a
Dream
,
when
he
besieg'd
the
Aphygaeans
,
upon
which
as
the
God
had
directed
he
rais'd
the
Siege
,
and
bid
the
Aphygaeans
Sacrifice
to
Ammon
:
But
't
is
generally
believ'd
that
this
was
only
a
pretence
,
and
that
the
true
occasion
of
his
retiring
was
a
suspicion
that
the
Magistrates
wou'd
call
him
to
an
Account
,
for
having
Rul'd
so
long
without
controul
;
his
haughty
Spirit
cou'd
not
brook
Submission
to
any
Body
,
like
an
Horse
that
after
he
had
been
free
a
great
while
and
rang'd
in
open
Pasture
,
is
very
unwilling
to
be
confin'd
again
to
the
Stable
,
and
submit
to
the
manage
of
his
Rider
.
Ephorus
gives
another
Account
of
his
retiring
,
which
I
shall
mention
by
and
by
.
Whatever
the
occasion
was
,
he
found
it
very
difficult
to
get
the
Magistrates
leave
,
and
when
with
much
ado
they
had
given
their
consent
to
his
Voyage
,
considering
that
most
of
their
Cities
were
in
the
possession
of
his
Friends
,
that
he
consequently
must
needs
have
a
great
sway
among
'em
,
and
be
likely
to
be
receiv'd
by
'em
with
all
the
respect
due
to
their
great
Commander
and
Patron
,
they
took
particular
care
to
dispossess
'em
and
put
the
Government
into
other
hands
.
This
Revolution
rais'd
every
where
new
disturbances
,
and
first
of
all
the
Athenians
attempted
to
seize
upon
their
thirty
Governors
,
but
Lysander
happen'd
to
come
very
opportunely
to
their
relief
,
and
perswaded
the
Lacedaemonians
to
join
with
the
Rulers
against
the
People
,
they
did
not
only
grant
him
this
,
but
presented
the
Governors
too
with
an
hundred
Talents
,
and
chose
him
their
Captain
:
Some
of
the
Chief
of
the
the
Athenians
were
jealous
of
Lysander
,
and
fearing
least
he
shou'd
take
the
City
again
,
resolv'd
one
of
'em
shou'd
be
deputed
to
discourse
with
him
.
Pausanias
was
the
man
.
When
he
came
to
Lysander
,
he
pretended
he
had
been
a
great
Friend
to
the
Tyrants
against
the
People
,
but
his
design
was
to
break
off
the
War
,
least
Lysander
shou'd
again
make
himself
Master
of
Athens
.
This
design
he
compass'd
very
easily
,
for
he
reconcil'd
the
Athenians
,
and
compos'd
the
Tumults
,
and
so
put
a
stop
to
Lysander's
Ambition
.
However
the
Athenians
made
another
insurrection
,
but
Pausanias
made
a
plausible
excuse
for
it
,
and
said
that
't
was
no
strange
thing
to
see
People
that
were
just
free
from
their
usual
discipline
,
and
left
more
to
their
own
liberty
,
break
out
into
insolent
Affronts
;
withal
he
gave
Lysander
the
commendation
of
a
generous
man
,
who
never
employ'd
his
Arms
either
for
the
gratification
of
Friends
or
his
own
fame
,
but
purely
for
the
Glory
of
Sparta
.
Thus
he
preserv'd
the
City
a
second
time
from
Lysander's
Tyranny
.
Lysander's
Courage
and
Spirit
appear'd
in
his
expressions
,
no
less
than
it
did
in
his
Actions
.
Once
when
the
Argives
contended
about
their
bounds
,
and
thought
they
cou'd
make
a
better
Plea
than
the
Lacedaemonians
,
he
held
out
his
Sword
,
and
said
,
He
that
's
Master
of
this
will
best
make
out
his
Title
.
A
Megarean
using
more
freedom
than
ordinary
with
him
,
met
with
this
reprimand
,
By
your
discourse
,
Sir
,
a
man
may
guess
you
are
a
stranger
at
Court
.
When
the
Boeotians
stood
wavering
whether
they
shou'd
engage
on
his
side
,
or
his
Enemies
,
he
told
'em
they
must
fix
their
resolutions
,
he
wou'd
be
with
'em
speedily
,
and
bad
'em
consider
whether
they
had
rather
be
visited
in
a
Friendly
or
hostile
manner
.
After
the
Corinthians
had
revolted
,
and
the
Lacedaemonians
seem'd
backward
in
their
Assault
,
an
Hare
by
chance
leaping
over
the
Ditch
,
Are
ye
not
asham'd
,
said
he
,
to
fear
those
Enemies
,
whose
laziness
is
such
that
the
Hares
sleep
under
their
very
Walls
?
After
Agis
his
death
,
Agesilaus
his
Brother
,
and
Leotychides
his
suppos'd
Son
,
were
the
only
pretenders
to
the
Crown
,
Lysander
who
was
Agesilaus
his
particular
Friend
,
perswaded
him
to
claim
his
Right
to
the
Kingdom
,
as
being
legitimately
descended
from
Hercules
,
for
't
was
very
much
suspected
that
Leotychides
was
Alcibiades
his
Son
,
who
had
been
observ'd
to
be
familiar
with
Agis
his
Wife
Timaia
,
all
the
time
he
was
a
fugitive
in
Sparta
,
and
Agis
computing
the
time
,
concluded
that
he
himself
cou'd
not
be
the
Father
,
so
openly
disown'd
him
and
neglected
him
as
a
Bastard
;
yet
afterwards
when
he
fell
sick
and
was
carri'd
to
Herea
,
by
the
importunity
of
the
Youth
himself
,
and
his
Friends
,
just
before
he
died
he
declar'd
before
many
witnesses
that
Leotychides
was
his
lawful
Son
,
and
desired
them
to
testify
these
his
last
words
to
the
Lacedaemonians
;
which
accordingly
they
did
.
Every
body
respected
Agesilaus
as
a
very
deserving
man
,
and
his
acquaintance
with
Lysander
was
a
farther
recommendation
of
him
,
but
he
was
abus'd
by
Diopithes
a
great
dealer
in
Prophecies
,
who
apply'd
this
Speech
of
the
Oracle
to
Agesilaus
his
lameness
.
Proud
as
thou
art
,
Sparta
,
beware
How
thou
obeyest
a
limping
Heir
!
War
and
discord
without
end
,
Shall
on
that
luckless
Hour
attend
;
Every
Labor
,
every
Fate
,
That
can
waste
,
or
sink
a
state
.
Many
believ'd
the
interpretation
,
and
began
to
favour
Leotychides
his
party
.
But
Lysander
said
that
Diopithes
had
mistook
the
sence
of
the
Oracle
,
that
't
was
not
meant
the
Lacedaemonians
would
be
unhappy
under
a
lame
King
,
but
that
they
'd
be
a
lame
people
if
they
suffer'd
the
posterity
of
Hercules
to
be
govern'd
by
illegitimate
princes
.
Having
thus
put
a
plausible
construction
upon
the
words
of
the
Oracle
,
and
being
otherwise
one
that
had
got
a
great
interest
among
the
People
he
prevail'd
with
'em
to
make
choice
of
Agesilaus
;
As
soon
as
he
was
setled
in
his
Kingdom
,
Lysander
press'd
him
very
earnestly
to
make
War
upon
Asia
,
putting
him
in
hopes
of
raising
to
himself
a
great
reputation
by
the
Conquest
of
Persia
;
to
further
this
design
he
writ
to
his
Friends
in
Asia
,
and
desir'd
'em
they
wou'd
Petition
Agesilaus
to
accept
the
Command
of
their
Forces
against
the
Barbarians
.
They
comply'd
with
his
request
,
and
sent
Ambassadours
to
Lacedaemon
for
that
purpose
.
Agesilaus
thought
himself
no
less
oblig'd
to
Lysander
for
this
favour
,
than
he
had
been
before
for
his
Kingdom
.
But
ambitious
Spirits
however
otherwise
qualifi'd
for
Government
,
are
hindred
in
their
way
to
Glory
by
that
Envy
which
they
generally
bear
to
their
equals
,
and
so
make
them
the
chief
opposers
whom
they
might
make
the
greatest
promoters
of
their
Heroick
Actions
.
Thus
Agesilaus
at
first
chose
Lysander
for
his
particular
Favourite
,
made
him
one
of
his
Cabinet
Council
,
and
consulted
him
upon
all
Affairs
of
moment
,
but
when
they
came
into
Asia
,
having
little
acquaintance
there
,
the
People
seldom
addrest
themselves
to
him
but
made
their
greatest
Court
to
Lysander
,
some
upon
the
account
of
a
former
familiarity
and
Friendship
,
others
out
of
a
servile
Compliance
.
Thus
as
it
often
happens
in
Plays
,
a
chief
Actor
represents
one
of
a
mean
Character
,
yet
is
much
taken
notice
of
,
while
he
that
personates
the
King
has
but
a
small
part
,
and
is
little
regarded
by
the
Spectators
;
so
here
the
Councellour
had
all
that
was
really
valuable
in
Government
,
and
left
the
King
only
the
empty
name
of
Power
.
Indeed
both
of
'em
ought
to
have
moderated
their
Ambition
,
Lysander
was
too
forward
in
accepting
those
honours
which
ought
first
to
have
been
paid
Agesilaus
:
On
the
other
side
Agesilaus
did
ill
,
so
unhandsomely
to
discard
a
Friend
that
he
had
been
so
much
oblig'd
to
.
For
first
of
all
he
never
gave
him
any
opportunity
of
appearing
with
reputation
,
never
put
him
in
any
post
of
Command
;
besides
whoever
he
engag'd
for
,
was
sure
to
miscarry
,
and
to
be
thought
Lysander's
Friend
was
fault
enough
to
deserve
the
King's
displeasure
.
Lysander
was
so
unsuccessful
in
every
thing
he
undertook
,
and
found
so
often
that
what
he
design'd
as
a
kindness
was
prejudicial
to
his
Friends
,
that
he
desir'd
'em
to
forbear
their
addresses
,
and
take
no
publick
notice
of
him
,
that
they
shou'd
either
speak
to
the
King
himself
,
or
to
those
Favourites
who
had
more
interest
than
he
at
present
to
preferr
'em
.
Upon
this
many
gave
him
no
farther
trouble
with
their
concerns
,
but
still
continu'd
their
respects
to
him
,
and
waited
upon
him
in
all
places
of
publick
entertainment
.
This
griev'd
Agesilaus
yet
more
,
when
he
saw
all
his
endeavours
to
call
off
the
Peoples
Affections
from
Lysander
were
in
vain
:
So
to
show
his
resentment
,
when
he
made
new
Officers
in
his
Army
,
and
Governours
of
Cities
,
he
affronted
Lysander
so
far
as
to
make
him
overseer
of
his
House-provisions
,
and
then
by
way
of
derision
bid
the
Ionians
,
go
and
pay
their
complements
to
his
Caterer
.
Lysander
cou'd
brook
this
usage
no
longer
,
and
resolv'd
freely
to
tell
the
King
his
mind
.
Their
discourse
was
very
short
and
Laconick
.
Agesilaus
,
says
Lysander
,
you
know
very
well
how
to
despise
your
Friends
;
Yes
,
says
he
,
when
they
affect
to
be
greater
than
my self
,
and
't
is
just
they
shou'd
have
the
greatest
share
in
my
power
who
most
endeavour
to
promote
it
.
Lysander
reply'd
very
modestly
,
Sir
,
this
is
rather
what
you
please
to
say
,
than
what
I
ever
did
.
I
beg
of
you
,
since
our
Enemies
have
an
eye
upon
our
carriage
to
one
another
in
hopes
to
make
advantage
of
it
,
let
me
serve
you
in
some
Office
where
I
may
be
least
suspected
,
and
most
useful
to
you
.
This
favour
was
granted
him
,
and
he
was
sent
Ambassador
to
the
Hellespont
,
and
though
he
did
bear
some
secret
grudge
to
the
King
,
yet
that
did
not
hinder
him
from
a
very
faithful
discharge
of
his
duty
.
He
perswaded
Mithridates
the
Persian
who
had
fallen
out
with
Pharnabazus
to
revolt
with
all
the
Army
under
his
Command
,
and
brought
him
over
to
Agesilaus
:
However
he
was
not
employ'd
upon
any
other
service
,
but
return'd
in
disgrace
to
Sparta
,
not
only
highly
incens'd
against
Agesilaus
in
particular
,
but
displeas'd
more
than
ever
with
the
whole
frame
of
the
Government
.
Things
had
been
a
great
while
ripe
for
change
,
and
People
were
ready
to
break
into
Rebellion
;
he
resolv'd
therefore
not
to
miss
the
opportunity
but
set
it
on
foot
assoon
as
possible
.
His
stratagem
was
this
.
Some
of
the
Heraclidae
who
came
into
Peloponnesus
and
mix'd
with
the
Dorians
,
were
now
grown
very
numerous
and
powerful
in
Sparta
.
But
two
Families
only
cou'd
claim
any
right
to
succession
in
the
Kingdom
;
those
were
the
Eurytiontidae
and
the
Agiadae
,
others
had
no
privilege
in
the
Commonwealth
by
the
Nobleness
of
their
Birth
,
but
those
who
cou'd
plead
most
merit
had
the
best
Titles
to
the
common
Rewards
of
Vertue
.
Lysander
was
one
of
these
,
and
when
he
had
gain'd
a
great
Reputation
by
his
Actions
,
many
Friends
,
and
much
Power
,
he
was
uneasy
to
see
that
City
which
ow'd
its
encrease
chiefly
to
him
,
rul'd
by
others
no
better
descended
than
himself
.
So
he
contriv'd
to
alter
the
settlement
which
confin'd
the
Government
to
two
Families
,
and
gave
all
the
Heraclidae
an
equal
right
to
it
;
nay
some
say
not
the
Heraclidae
only
,
but
all
the
Spartans
,
and
make
it
a
reward
not
so
much
of
Hercules
his
posterity
,
as
of
those
who
bravely
imitated
that
valour
which
gave
him
a
place
among
the
Gods
.
He
had
great
hopes
that
when
the
Kingdom
was
thus
to
be
dispos'd
of
,
no
Spartan
cou'd
appear
with
those
advantages
that
he
cou'd
.
Upon
which
prospect
first
he
endeavour'd
to
insinuate
the
reasonableness
of
this
change
into
private
People
,
and
afterwards
to
the
same
purpose
spoke
an
Oration
which
Cleon
of
Halicarnassus
had
made
for
him
.
But
perceiving
that
this
new
project
was
very
extraordinary
,
and
not
to
be
brought
about
by
common
means
,
as
in
Tragedies
,
when
any
thing
of
great
importance
is
to
be
resolv'd
,
the
assistance
of
some
God
is
made
use
of
,
so
he
to
promote
his
designs
with
more
colour
of
Authority
counterfeited
answers
from
Delphos
,
presuming
he
shou'd
terrifie
those
by
Apollo's
Oracles
whom
he
cou'd
not
perswade
by
Cleon's
Eloquence
.
Ephorus
says
that
after
he
had
in
vain
endeavour'd
to
pervert
the
Pythian
Oracle
,
and
as
unsuccessfully
sent
Pericles
to
corrupt
Dodona
,
he
went
himself
to
Ammon
,
and
profer'd
the
Priests
prodigious
Summs
of
Gold
,
who
with
great
indignation
rejected
his
Bribes
and
sent
people
to
accuse
him
at
Sparta
.
Where
he
met
with
such
favourable
Judges
that
he
was
easily
clear'd
from
their
impeachments
,
upon
which
the
Libyans
took
their
leave
of
the
Spartans
in
this
manner
,
When
you
come
to
live
among
us
in
Africa
you
'll
find
us
more
impartial
Judges
.
Now
there
was
an
ancient
Prophecy
which
foretold
that
the
Lacedaemonians
shou'd
some
time
or
other
inhabit
Africa
.
Lysander's
designs
in
this
matter
were
very
subtile
and
intricate
,
and
manag'd
by
very
great
Politicians
,
so
in
order
to
clear
the
whole
intrigue
we
must
trace
it
as
we
do
a
Mathematical
demonstration
,
up
to
its
first
principles
;
I
shall
therefore
at
large
explain
it
as
't
is
related
by
a
certain
Historian
and
Philosopher
.
There
was
a
Woman
in
Pontus
who
was
said
to
conceive
by
Apollo
,
many
with
a
great
deal
of
reason
suspected
it
,
others
were
so
credulous
as
to
believe
it
.
After
she
was
deliver'd
of
a
Boy
many
People
took
peculiar
care
of
its
education
,
and
for
some
reason
or
other
gave
it
the
Name
of
Silenus
.
Lysander
taking
hold
of
this
,
made
it
the
Ground
of
his
whole
stratagem
,
and
chose
such
confidents
to
assist
him
in
it
,
whose
Character
might
bring
the
story
into
reputation
without
the
least
suspicion
of
forgery
.
To
make
the
best
advantage
of
this
they
spread
abroad
another
story
,
that
there
were
very
ancient
Oracles
closely
conceal'd
in
the
custody
of
the
Priests
,
and
't
was
upon
record
that
they
were
not
to
be
profan'd
by
vulgar
hands
,
neither
was
it
lawful
for
any
man
to
read
'em
,
till
in
some
future
Age
one
shou'd
arise
who
shou'd
manifestly
prove
himself
the
Son
of
Apollo
,
and
challenge
to
himself
the
Interpretation
of
these
Mysteries
.
When
the
credit
of
this
report
was
well
established
among
the
People
,
Silenus
was
to
come
and
demand
the
prerogative
of
his
Birth
.
The
Priests
who
were
Confederates
in
this
Plot
,
were
strictly
to
examine
into
every
circumstance
and
particular
of
his
Nativity
,
and
afterwards
being
fully
convinc'd
that
he
was
the
true
Son
of
Apollo
,
were
to
deliver
up
their
charge
to
him
:
who
when
he
publickly
open'd
the
Oracles
before
the
People
,
was
to
declare
several
things
concerning
the
Government
,
among
which
he
was
to
tell
'em
't
wou'd
be
more
for
their
honour
and
interest
to
break
the
present
succession
,
and
choose
their
Kings
out
of
the
most
deserving
men
in
the
Commonwealth
.
But
when
Silenus
was
grown
up
and
every
thing
ready
for
Action
,
the
whole
business
miscarri'd
by
the
Cowardice
of
one
that
was
an
agent
in
it
,
whose
heart
failed
him
just
at
the
time
of
Execution
.
However
nothing
of
this
was
discover'd
while
Lysander
liv'd
,
for
he
died
,
before
Agesilaus
return'd
from
Asia
,
in
the
Baeotian
,
or
as
some
say
the
Grecian
,
War
.
For
't
is
reported
both
ways
.
Some
say
he
himself
was
the
occasion
of
his
death
,
others
blame
the
Thebans
for
it
,
others
accuse
both
.
To
the
Thebans
't
is
objected
that
they
us'd
the
Sacrifice
so
irreverently
,
as
to
scatter
it
in
pieces
on
the
Ground
;
that
suffering
themselves
to
be
corrupted
by
the
King
about
Androclides
and
Amphitheus
,
they
engag'd
the
Lacedaemonians
in
the
Grecian
War
,
that
they
set
upon
the
Phocians
and
laid
waste
their
Country
.
They
say
too
Lysander
took
it
ill
,
that
they
alone
,
when
the
rest
of
the
Confederates
were
content
,
pretended
to
the
privilege
of
assuming
to
themselves
the
tenth
part
of
the
spoils
;
and
that
they
complain'd
of
his
sending
money
to
Sparta
.
But
he
was
most
of
all
displeas'd
,
because
they
made
way
for
the
Athenians
to
free
themselves
from
the
Tyranny
of
that
Government
which
he
had
establish'd
among
'em
.
To
terrifie
the
Athenians
from
this
revolt
,
the
Lacedaemonians
decreed
that
those
who
fled
out
of
Athens
shou'd
be
apprehended
where-ever
they
shou'd
be
found
,
and
that
those
who
endeavour'd
to
rescue
'em
shou'd
be
treated
as
Enemies
to
the
Government
.
The
Thebans
gave
out
a
counter
order
which
was
generous
and
becoming
the
posterity
of
Hercules
,
and
Bacchus
,
that
every
House
and
City
in
Baeotia
shou'd
be
open
and
free
for
any
Athenian
that
desir'd
protection
,
and
that
whoever
did
not
assist
a
fugitive
that
was
in
danger
of
being
seiz'd
,
shou'd
be
fin'd
a
Talent
,
besides
if
any
one
shou'd
march
Arm'd
through
Baeotia
to
the
Relief
of
the
Athenians
,
he
shou'd
find
a
safe
passage
without
being
taken
notice
of
.
Neither
did
they
stop
here
,
for
as
their
decree
was
hospitable
and
friendly
,
so
their
Actions
were
agreeable
to
it
.
For
Thrasibulus
with
several
other
fugitives
was
so
far
aided
by
them
secretly
,
with
Money
,
and
Arms
,
that
he
made
an
assault
upon
the
Phile
,
and
possess'd
himself
of
it
.
Lysander
cou'd
not
but
resent
these
affronts
,
which
the
Thebans
had
so
openly
offer'd
both
to
him
and
the
Lacedaemonians
.
His
Anger
grew
very
fierce
,
and
was
encreas'd
by
a
Splenetick
humour
which
he
was
troubled
with
in
his
old
Age.
This
urg'd
him
to
importune
the
Magistrates
to
employ
him
once
more
in
their
Service
,
so
he
march'd
out
with
the
Army
under
his
Command
,
and
Pausanias
follow'd
him
with
another
.
Pausanias
went
round
by
Cythaeron
with
a
design
to
invade
Baeotia
;
Lysander
pass'd
through
Phocis
in
order
to
meet
him
.
As
he
march'd
along
he
took
by
surrender
the
City
of
the
Orchomenians
,
and
laid
waste
Lebadia
.
From
whence
he
sent
Letters
to
Pausanias
that
he
shou'd
remove
from
Platea
,
and
make
haste
to
join
Forces
with
him
at
Haliartus
,
where
he
himself
wou'd
certainly
meet
him
by
break
of
day
.
These
Letters
fell
into
the
hands
of
the
Enemies
Spies
,
and
were
brought
to
the
Thebans
.
Upon
the
opening
of
'em
they
entrusted
their
City
with
the
Athenians
,
and
they
sallying
out
at
the
first
Watch
arriv'd
at
Haliartus
,
and
put
part
of
their
Forces
into
the
City
a
little
before
Lysander
came
.
Lysander
had
at
first
resolv'd
to
pitch
his
Tents
upon
the
side
of
an
Hill
,
and
wait
for
Pausanias
,
but
day
drawing
on
he
grew
impatient
,
and
led
his
Soldiers
out
in
a
direct
line
along
the
Road
to
the
Walls
of
the
City
.
There
is
a
Fountain
call'd
Cisseusa
in
which
they
say
Bacchus
was
wash'd
immediately
after
his
birth
,
for
the
Water
is
like
Wine
,
of
a
bright
Colour
,
and
a
pleasant
taste
,
not
far
off
grows
the
Cretian
Storax
,
by
which
the
Haliartians
guess
Radamanthus
dwelt
there
,
and
the
rather
because
his
Sepulchre
too
,
which
they
call
Alea
,
is
seen
in
this
place
.
The
monument
of
Alcmena
is
hard
by
,
where
they
pretend
she
was
buri'd
,
when
after
Amphitryo's
death
she
marri'd
Radamanthus
.
'T
was
here
about
on
the
left
side
of
Haliartus
,
that
those
Thebans
who
had
not
entred
the
City
were
plac'd
,
from
whence
with
great
fierceness
they
fell
upon
the
Enemies
Rear
.
In
the
mean
time
those
within
the
City
putting
themselves
into
one
body
with
the
Haliartians
kept
their
order
in
quiet
.
But
assoon
as
Lysander
appear'd
with
his
Van-Guard
before
the
Gates
,
they
rush'd
out
,
killed
him
and
one
of
his
Priests
,
with
some
few
more
,
for
the
greater
part
made
their
escape
to
the
main
Army
,
but
the
Thebans
pursu'd
'em
so
closely
that
they
all
soon
dispers'd
and
fled
to
the
Hills
.
A
Thousand
of
them
were
kill'd
in
this
pursuit
,
and
300
of
the
Thebans
fell
by
chasing
'em
too
rashly
into
craggy
and
dangerous
places
.
These
300
had
been
suspected
of
correspondence
with
the
Lacedaemonians
,
which
made
'em
so
rash
and
desperate
that
they
were
resolv'd
to
wipe
off
this
disgrace
though
with
the
loss
of
their
Lives
.
The
news
of
this
defeat
came
to
Pausanias
as
he
was
going
from
Platea
to
Thespias
.
He
presently
put
his
Army
in
order
and
made
towards
Haliartus
,
where
about
the
same
time
Thrasybulus
was
arriv'd
with
a
party
of
the
Athenians
under
his
Command
.
Pausanias
wou'd
have
articled
with
'em
upon
terms
for
the
dead
,
but
the
Spartan
Magistrates
wou'd
not
consent
to
it
,
and
were
angry
with
him
for
offering
such
mean
proposals
.
They
declar'd
Lysander's
body
shou'd
not
be
redeem'd
by
conditions
,
but
if
they
fought
it
out
,
and
Conquer'd
they
might
carry
it
off
honourably
,
if
they
happen'd
to
be
overcome
themselves
't
wou'd
however
be
more
glorious
to
die
upon
the
spot
with
their
Commander
.
The
Magistrates
carrying
it
thus
high
with
the
usual
haughtiness
of
Spartans
,
Pausanias
,
who
was
more
calm
,
saw
't
was
too
difficult
a
matter
to
think
of
routing
the
Thebans
,
who
were
just
now
flush'd
with
Victory
;
besides
if
this
cou'd
have
been
done
,
the
body
lay
so
near
the
Walls
,
that
it
cou'd
not
easily
be
bore
off
without
a
truce
,
so
he
immediately
dispatch'd
an
Herauld
,
obtain'd
a
Treaty
;
drew
back
his
Forces
,
carri'd
away
Lysander
,
and
buri'd
him
in
the
Country
of
his
Friends
,
the
Panopeans
.
His
Monument
is
still
to
be
seen
in
the
Road
from
Delphos
to
Chaeronea
,
where
the
Lacedaemonians
for
some
time
took
up
their
quarters
,
and
while
they
staid
there
,
one
of
Phocis
giving
an
account
of
the
Battel
to
one
of
his
Companions
,
said
,
The
Enemy
fell
upon
'em
,
after
Lysander
had
pass'd
Ophlites
.
A
Spartan
,
Lysander's
Friend
that
stood
by
,
having
not
heard
of
that
name
,
ask'd
what
Ophlites
he
meant
,
and
yet
says
the
Phocian
that's
the
place
where
we
lost
our
bravest
men
,
't
is
the
River
that
runs
by
the
City
.
The
Spartan
immediately
wept
and
broke
out
into
this
expression
,
O
how
unavoidable
are
the
decrees
of
Fate
!
For
it
seems
the
Oracle
had
pronounced
this
to
Lysander
.
Take
care
to
shun
Ophlites
watery
Field
,
And
him
who
bears
a
Dragon
in
his
Shield
.
Some
indeed
say
Ophlites
doth
not
run
to
Haliartus
,
but
is
a
River
near
Coronea
,
which
mix'd
with
the
River
Phliarus
passes
along
to
that
City
.
'T
was
formerly
call'd
Oplias
,
but
now
't
is
known
by
the
name
of
Isomantus
.
Neocorus
the
Haliartian
who
kill'd
Lysander
,
bore
a
Dragon
in
his
Shield
,
and
't
is
probable
that
this
was
signifi'd
by
the
Oracle
.
'T
is
reported
there
was
an
Oracle
concerning
the
Thebans
in
the
Peloponnesian
War
,
which
foretold
the
Battel
at
Delium
,
and
this
at
Haliartus
,
though
this
hapned
thirty
years
after
.
The
Oracle
runs
thus
.
Don't
follow
in
your
chase
the
eager
Hound
Vpon
the
Confines
,
fly
th
‛
Orchalian
Ground
That
den
of
Foxes
.
This
place
about
Delium
he
calls
the
Confines
,
where
Baeotia
borders
upon
Attica
;
and
the
Hill
Orchalides
,
which
now
they
call
Alopecon
,
lies
in
that
part
of
Haliartus
,
which
is
towards
Helicon
.
The
Lacedaemonians
look'd
upon
Pausanias
his
proceedings
as
so
dishonourable
to
a
Spartan
General
,
that
they
wou'd
have
tri'd
him
for
his
Life
,
but
he
durst
not
venture
to
appear
,
so
fled
into
Tegaea
,
where
he
devoted
himself
to
a
private
Life
in
the
Temple
of
Minerva
.
Lysander's
poverty
which
was
discover'd
at
his
death
,
made
his
virtue
more
admir'd
,
when
it
appear'd
that
from
so
much
plenty
and
power
,
such
rich
presents
from
so
many
Cities
,
which
were
under
his
Government
,
he
had
not
at
all
encreas'd
the
wealth
of
his
own
private
Family
.
This
is
observ'd
by
Theopompus
,
whom
we
may
sooner
believe
when
he
commends
,
than
when
he
finds
fault
,
for
men
are
more
apt
to
discommend
than
praise
.
Ephorus
says
that
upon
some
dispute
between
the
Confederates
with
Sparta
,
when
Lysander's
writings
were
to
be
examin'd
,
Agesilaus
was
order'd
to
make
the
search
,
who
finding
a
discourse
of
Lysander's
concerning
the
Government
,
where
he
endeavour'd
to
show
how
advantageous
't
wou'd
be
to
the
Commonwealth
,
if
the
right
of
succession
,
which
the
Family
of
the
Eureutiontidae
and
Agiadae
pretended
to
,
was
broke
,
and
the
Kingdom
made
elective
.
This
discourse
Agesilaus
design'd
to
publish
,
and
discover
by
that
means
what
sort
of
a
Friend
Lysander
was
to
'em
in
private
.
But
Lacratidas
a
wise
man
,
and
at
that
time
President
of
the
Council
,
wou'd
not
suffer
him
so
basely
to
abuse
a
great
General
's
memory
,
and
told
him
that
these
papers
which
were
so
plausibly
and
ingeniously
writ
,
deserv'd
to
rest
honourably
with
their
Author
,
and
that
't
was
inhumane
to
dig
Lysander
out
of
his
Grave
.
The
Spartans
bestow'd
many
honours
on
him
after
his
death
,
amongst
which
this
was
none
of
the
least
;
There
were
some
who
had
engag'd
themselves
to
Lysander's
Daughters
while
every
thing
about
him
appear'd
Rich
and
Splendid
,
but
when
they
saw
how
poor
and
honest
he
died
,
they
broke
off
their
contract
.
These
in
respect
to
Lysander's
memory
the
Spartans
severely
fin'd
:
For
there
was
it
seems
in
Sparta
a
Law
which
punish'd
as
well
those
that
broke
off
,
or
deferr'd
a
promis'd
marriage
,
as
those
who
engag'd
in
an
ill
one
,
and
this
Law
laid
hold
on
those
chiefly
who
endeavour'd
to
marry
into
rich
,
rather
than
good
Families
.
Thus
we
have
faithfully
related
all
the
Remarkable
passages
which
we
cou'd
gather
of
Lysander's
Life
.
THE
LIFE
OF
L.
C.
SYLLA
.
Englished
from
the
Greek
,
By
William
Davies
,
Fellow
of
Trinity
College
in
Cambridge
.
VOLUME
III.
LVcius
Cornelius
Sylla
was
descended
of
a
Patrician
or
Noble
Family
.
Of
his
Ancestors
,
Rufinus
,
they
say
,
had
been
Consul
,
and
that
his
Honour
met
with
a
more
signal
disgrace
:
For
being
found
possessed
of
Plate
,
to
the
value
of
above
ten
pounds
more
than
the
Law
allowed
,
he
was
thereupon
put
out
of
the
Senate
.
His
Posterity
have
lain
ever
since
in
obscurity
,
nor
had
Sylla
himself
any
such
splendid
Education
.
SYLLA
.
●e
Sylla
lays
his
Arms
and
Empire
down
quits
his
power
,
and
takes
a
private
gown
●imple
strange
!
and
which
we
scarce
beleive
;
●●erce
Tyrants
sheath
their
swords
,
and
yet
they
live
!
In
his
younger
days
he
dwelt
in
hired
Lodgings
,
for
which
he
paid
but
a
very
small
rate
,
insomuch
as
in
after-times
it
was
upbraided
to
him
as
one
who
had
been
fortunate
above
his
Quality
.
And
as
he
was
boasting
and
magnifying
himself
for
his
Exploits
in
Libya
,
a
Person
of
Worth
and
Ingenuity
made
answer
;
And
how
canst
Thou
be
an
honest
man
,
who
since
the
death
of
a
Father
,
who
left
thee
nothing
,
hast
purchased
so
much
?
The
then
present
Age
was
not
absolutely
an
Age
of
clean
and
upright
manners
,
but
was
already
declin'd
and
fallen
in
love
with
Riches
and
Luxury
:
however
then
,
in
this
Gentleman's
Opinion
,
they
who
had
deserted
the
Ancient
Hereditary
meanness
of
their
Family
,
were
as
much
to
blame
as
those
who
had
run
out
a
fair
Estate
.
And
after
,
when
he
had
seized
the
Power
into
his
hands
and
slew
many
,
a
Freeman
of
the
City
,
being
suspected
to
have
concealed
one
of
the
Proscribed
,
and
for
that
reason
sentenced
to
be
cast
headlong
down
the
Tarpeian
Rock
,
in
a
reproachful
way
,
recounted
,
how
that
they
had
lived
long
together
in
familiar
converse
under
the
same
Roof
,
himself
for
the
upper
Rooms
paying
two
thousand
Sesterces
,
and
Sylla
for
the
lower
three
thousand
;
so
as
the
difference
between
their
Fortunes
then
was
no
more
but
one
thousand
Sesterces
,
which
in
Attick
Coin
give
two
hundred
and
fifty
Drachma's
.
And
thus
At
seven
pence
half
penny
a
Drachma
.
much
of
his
Original
.
His
other
shape
of
Body
appears
by
his
Statues
,
only
his
grey
Eyes
,
of
themselves
extream
fierce
and
glaring
,
the
complexion
of
his
face
rendred
yet
more
formidable
to
look
on
,
for
it
brake
out
into
red
fiery
Pimples
,
intermixt
here
and
there
with
spots
of
white
.
Hence
,
by
report
,
he
was
surnamed
Sylla
,
in
allusion
to
which
an
Athenian
Droll
cast
out
this
Scoff
in
Verse
,
Sylla's
a
Mulberry
drudg'd
o'er
with
Meal
.
Nor
is
it
improper
to
make
use
of
such
remarks
as
these
,
in
the
decyphering
of
a
Person
,
who
by
Nature
was
so
addicted
to
raillery
,
as
in
his
youthful
obscurer
years
he
would
converse
freely
with
Mimicks
and
Jesters
,
and
accompany
them
in
all
their
wild
Fegaries
.
And
,
when
Lord
of
All
,
he
was
often
wont
to
muster
together
the
most
impudent
Stage-Players
and
merry
Fellows
of
the
Town
,
to
drink
with
,
and
play
Prizes
of
Wit
,
without
seasonable
regard
had
to
his
Age
,
or
Dignity
of
his
Place
,
and
to
the
prejudice
of
other
important
Affairs
.
At
hours
of
refreshment
it
was
not
in
Sylla's
Nature
to
admit
of
any
thing
that
was
serious
,
and
though
at
other
times
he
was
a
man
of
business
,
and
somewhat
austere
of
countenance
,
yet
would
he
alter
so
,
all
of
a
sudden
,
at
his
first
entrance
upon
Wine
and
good
Fellowship
,
as
to
Minstrels
and
Danceing-women
he
became
tractable
,
and
to
all
sorts
of
humours
pliant
and
condescending
.
The
cause
of
this
loose
distemper
in
him
,
could
be
no
other
than
Nature
her self
,
ever
prone
to
love
and
violently
breaking
forth
into
all
manner
of
voluptuousness
,
from
which
in
his
old
Age
he
could
not
refrain
.
He
constantly
from
his
youth
affected
Macrobius
,
the
Player
.
In
his
first
Amours
it
happ'ned
,
that
he
made
court
to
a
common
but
rich
Lady
,
Nicopolis
by
Name
,
and
what
by
the
air
of
his
Youth
,
and
what
by
an
agreeable
behaviour
,
won
so
far
on
her
Affections
in
Quality
of
a
Gallant
,
as
dying
she
bequeathed
him
her
whole
Substance
;
he
likewise
inherited
the
Estate
of
a
Mother-in-law
,
who
loved
him
as
her
own
Son
.
By
these
means
he
had
pretty
well
advanced
his
Fortunes
.
He
was
chosen
Questor
to
Marius
in
his
first
Consulship
,
and
set
sail
with
him
for
Africa
,
to
War
upon
Jugurtha
.
Here
as
to
other
Points
he
approved
himself
to
all
men
,
but
more
especially
,
by
closing
in
dexterously
with
an
accidental
occasion
,
made
a
Friend
of
Bocchus
King
of
Numidia
.
For
having
honourably
entertained
the
King's
Embassadors
,
after
their
escape
from
Numidian
Robbers
,
he
sent
them
on
their
Journey
with
Presents
and
a
safe
Convoy
.
As
for
Bocchus
,
he
had
long
since
hated
and
dreaded
his
Son-in-law
,
Jugurtha
,
who
at
that
time
had
been
worsted
in
the
Field
,
and
fled
to
him
for
shelter
:
Wherefore
spying
his
opportunity
,
he
called
Sylla
in
,
as
chusing
by
him
,
rather
than
by
himself
,
to
make
seizure
and
delivery
of
Jugurtha
.
Sylla
,
when
he
had
communicated
the
business
to
Marius
,
and
received
from
him
a
small
Detachment
,
put
himself
on
imminent
danger
;
for
confiding
in
a
Barbarian
,
and
one
who
had
been
unfaithful
to
his
own
Relations
,
out
of
desire
to
apprehend
another
man's
Person
,
he
made
surrender
of
his
own
.
Bocchus
,
having
both
of
them
now
in
his
power
,
was
necessitated
to
betray
one
or
other
,
and
after
long
debate
with
himself
,
at
last
resolved
on
his
first
Design
,
and
gave
up
Jugurtha
into
the
hands
of
Sylla
.
For
this
Marius
Triumphed
,
but
the
Glory
of
the
Enterprize
,
which
the
conscious
Envy
of
Marius
thought
due
to
Sylla
,
grieved
him
inwardly
.
And
the
truth
on
it
is
,
Sylla
himself
was
by
Nature
vain-glorious
,
and
this
being
the
first
time
,
that
from
a
low
and
private
condition
he
had
risen
to
Esteem
amongst
the
Citizens
,
and
tasted
of
Honour
,
his
Ambition
bore
him
up
higher
to
such
a
pitch
of
Ostentation
,
as
to
cause
the
Figure
of
this
Action
to
be
engraved
on
a
Signet
,
which
he
made
use
of
ever
after
.
The
Impress
was
,
Bocchus
delivering
and
Sylla
receiving
of
Jugurtha
.
This
toucht
Marius
to
the
quick
,
however
judging
Sylla
to
be
below
a
Rival
,
he
made
use
of
him
as
Lieutenant-General
in
his
second
Consulship
,
and
in
his
third
,
as
Tribune
.
And
by
his
means
were
many
considerable
Services
done
.
In
his
Lieutenant-Generalship
he
took
Copillus
,
Chief
of
the
Tectosages
,
Prisoner
,
and
compelled
the
Marsians
,
a
great
and
populous
Nation
,
to
become
Friends
and
Confederates
of
the
Romans
.
From
henceforward
Sylla
perceiving
that
Marius
bore
a
jealous
eye
over
him
,
and
would
no
longer
afford
him
opportunities
of
Action
,
but
rather
opposed
his
growth
,
he
applied
himself
to
Catulus
,
Marius
his
Collegue
,
a
brave
man
,
only
somewhat
unactive
as
to
War
.
Under
this
General
,
who
entrusted
him
with
the
chiefest
and
greatest
Commands
,
it
came
to
pass
,
that
,
together
with
Glory
,
he
arrived
at
Power
.
He
subdued
by
Arms
most
part
of
the
Alpine
Barbarians
.
There
happ'ning
a
scarcity
in
the
Armies
,
he
took
that
care
upon
himself
,
and
brought
in
such
store
of
Provisions
,
as
not
only
to
refresh
the
Soldiers
of
Catulus
with
Plenty
,
but
likewise
to
supply
Marius
.
This
,
as
he
writes
himself
,
struck
Marius
to
the
very
Heart
.
So
slight
and
childish
was
the
first
beginning
and
rise
of
that
Enmity
between
them
,
which
nourished
with
Civil
Blood
and
endless
Divisions
,
grew
up
to
Tyranny
,
and
the
Confusion
of
the
whole
State
.
This
argues
Eurypides
to
be
a
wise
Man
,
and
well
skilled
in
the
Distempers
of
the
Body
Politick
,
in
that
he
forewarned
all
Men
to
beware
of
Ambition
,
as
the
most
destructive
and
pernicious
Goddess
to
those
who
consult
her
.
Sylla
by
this
time
thinking
that
the
Reputation
of
his
Arms
abroad
was
sufficient
to
entitle
him
to
part
of
the
Civil
Administration
,
betook
himself
immediately
from
the
Camp
to
the
Assembly
,
and
fell
a
canvassing
for
a
Pretorship
,
but
lost
it
.
The
fault
of
this
disappointment
he
wholly
ascribes
to
the
People
,
who
knowing
his
intimacy
with
King
Bocchus
,
and
for
that
reason
expecting
,
that
if
he
was
made
Aedile
before
his
Pretorship
,
that
he
would
then
shew
them
noble
Game
,
and
the
Encounters
of
Lybian
Beasts
,
chose
other
Pretors
,
on
purpose
to
force
him
on
the
Aedileship
.
The
vanity
of
this
Pretext
was
sufficiently
disproved
by
matter
of
fact
.
For
the
year
following
,
partly
by
stroaking
the
People
with
fair
Words
,
and
partly
by
Money
,
he
got
himself
elected
Pretor
.
Wherefore
carrying
the
Place
,
and
withal
hastily
telling
Caesar
,
that
against
him
he
should
make
use
of
his
Own
Authority
,
Caesar
smilingly
replied
,
You
do
well
to
call
it
your
Own
;
for
you
have
bought
it
.
At
the
end
of
his
Pretorship
he
was
sent
over
into
Cappadocia
,
with
a
specious
pretence
,
to
re-establish
Ariobarzanes
in
his
Kingdom
,
but
in
reality
to
give
check
to
the
growing
Power
of
Mithridates
,
a
mighty
stirring
Prince
,
who
had
already
invested
himself
in
as
vast
a
new-acquired
Power
and
Dominion
,
as
was
that
of
his
ancient
Inheritance
.
He
carried
over
with
him
no
great
Forces
of
his
own
,
but
making
use
of
the
chearful
supply
of
the
Confederates
,
flung
out
Gordius
,
with
huge
Slaughter
of
the
Cappadocians
,
more
especially
of
the
Armenian
Succours
,
and
declared
Ariobarzanes
King
.
During
his
stay
on
the
Banks
of
Euphrates
Romans
and
Perthians
.
there
came
unto
him
Orabazus
,
a
Parthian
,
in
quality
of
Ambassador
from
King
Arsaces
,
whereas
yet
there
had
been
no
Correspondence
between
both
Nations
.
And
this
we
may
lay
to
the
account
of
Sylla's
Felicity
,
that
he
should
be
the
first
Roman
to
whom
the
Parthians
made
address
for
Alliance
and
Friendship
.
At
the
time
of
Reception
,
having
ordered
three
Chairs
of
State
to
be
set
,
one
for
Ariobarzanes
,
one
for
Orobazus
,
and
a
third
for
himself
,
he
placed
himself
in
the
midst
and
gave
Audience
:
For
which
the
King
of
Parthia
afterwards
put
Orobazus
to
death
.
Some
People
commended
Sylla
for
his
lofty
carriage
towards
the
Barbarians
:
Others
again
accused
him
of
Arrogance
and
unseasonable
Ambition
.
It
is
reported
,
that
a
certain
Chalcidian
,
of
Orobazus
his
Retinue
,
looking
Sylla
wistfully
in
the
Face
,
and
observing
judicially
the
Motions
of
his
Soul
and
Body
,
according
to
the
Rules
of
Art
,
should
say
,
That
it
was
impossible
for
him
not
to
be
the
greatest
Man
,
or
rather
a
wonder
how
he
could
eventhen
abstain
from
being
Head
of
all
.
At
his
return
Censorinus
impeach'd
him
of
Extortion
,
for
drawing
a
vast
sum
of
Money
from
a
well
affected
and
associate
Kingdom
.
However
Censorinus
appeared
not
at
the
Tryal
,
but
let
fall
his
Accusation
.
The
quarrel
between
Sylla
and
Marius
began
to
break
out
afresh
,
receiving
new
life
from
the
Ambition
of
Bocchus
,
who
to
please
the
People
of
Rome
,
and
gratifie
Sylla
,
set
up
in
the
Temple
of
Jupiter
Capitolinus
consecrated
Images
of
Victory
,
and
withal
a
Golden
Jugurtha
,
in
posture
as
he
was
delivered
by
him
to
Sylla
:
but
as
Marius
attempted
to
pull
them
down
in
a
rage
,
and
others
were
aiding
to
Sylla
,
the
City
had
like
to
have
taken
fire
by
that
violent
Commotion
,
had
not
the
Confederate-War
,
which
lay
long
a
smothering
,
blaz'd
forth
at
last
,
and
respited
the
Sedition
.
In
the
course
of
this
War
,
which
had
many
great
Revolutions
,
and
which
shockt
the
Romans
most
,
and
endangered
the
very
being
of
the
Commonwealth
,
Marius
was
not
able
to
signalize
his
Valour
in
any
action
,
but
left
behind
him
a
clear
proof
,
that
a
warlike
Spirit
stands
in
need
of
a
strong
and
vigorous
Body
.
Sylla
,
on
the
other
hand
,
by
his
extraordinary
Deeds
,
got
the
name
of
a
great
Commander
amongst
the
Citizens
,
of
the
greatest
amongst
his
Friends
,
and
the
most
fortunate
amongst
his
Adversaries
.
Nor
made
this
the
like
Impression
on
him
,
as
it
made
on
the
Spirits
of
Timotheus
the
Son
of
Conon
,
an
Athenian
,
who
,
when
his
Adversaries
had
pictured
him
asleep
,
and
Fortune
by
his
side
,
casting
her
nets
over
Cities
,
rag'd
and
storm'd
at
those
who
did
it
,
as
if
by
ascribing
his
successes
to
Fortune
,
they
had
rob'd
him
of
his
just
honours
,
and
to
the
People
at
his
return
from
the
Wars
,
said
,
And
in
this
,
ye
men
of
Athens
,
Fortune
had
no
part
.
For
this
high
presumption
of
his
,
the
Goddess
grew
so
perversely
cross
,
that
from
that
time
he
was
never
able
to
compass
any
thing
that
was
great
,
but
proving
altogether
unfortunate
in
his
attempts
,
and
falling
into
discredit
with
the
People
,
was
at
last
banisht
the
City
.
Sylla
on
the
contrary
would
not
only
having
frankly
acknowledged
such
Divine
Felicities
and
Favours
,
but
withal
magnifying
and
extolling
what
was
done
to
the
Skies
,
had
plac'd
it
all
to
Fortune
,
whether
out
of
haughty
purpose
,
or
a
real
sense
of
the
Deity
.
He
remarks
,
in
his
Memoirs
,
that
of
all
his
well-advised
Actions
,
none
proved
so
lucky
in
the
Execution
,
as
what
on
a
sudden
he
had
boldly
enterprized
.
And
in
that
Character
which
he
gives
of
himself
,
That
he
was
born
for
Fortune
rather
than
War
,
he
seems
to
attribute
more
to
his
Fortune
than
Valour
.
In
short
,
he
makes
himself
entirely
the
creature
of
Fortune
,
accounting
even
his
unanimous
agreement
with
Metellus
,
a
man
of
equal
Authority
with
himself
,
and
his
Father-in-law
,
as
a
blessing
from
Heaven
.
For
expecting
to
have
met
in
him
a
turbulent
,
he
found
a
quiet
Collegue
.
Moreover
,
in
those
Memoirs
which
he
hath
dedicated
to
Lucullus
,
he
admonisheth
him
to
esteem
nothing
more
solid
,
than
what
the
Gods
should
advise
him
in
a
Vision
by
Night
.
And
when
he
was
sent
forth
with
an
Army
to
the
Confederate-War
,
he
relates
,
how
that
the
Earth
about
Laverna
opened
wide
,
and
from
thence
issued
much
fire
,
shooting
forth
a
bright
flame
up
to
the
Heavens
.
The
Southsayers
upon
this
foretold
,
that
a
valiant
Person
of
rare
and
singular
aspect
,
should
take
the
Government
in
hand
,
and
quiet
the
present
troubles
of
the
City
.
Sylla
affirm'd
,
he
was
the
man
,
for
he
had
that
about
him
which
was
extraordinary
,
a
golden
head
of
hair
;
nor
was
he
asham'd
openly
to
attest
his
Valour
,
after
so
great
and
gallant
performances
.
And
thus
much
of
his
opinion
of
the
Gods
.
As
to
the
rest
of
his
conditions
,
he
was
an
irregular
sort
of
man
,
inconsistent
with
himself
:
much
given
to
Rapine
,
to
Prodigality
much
more
:
in
promoting
or
disgracing
whom
he
pleased
,
alike
unaccountable
:
cringing
to
those
he
stood
in
need
of
,
and
domineering
over
others
who
stood
in
need
of
him
;
so
that
it
was
hard
to
tell
,
whether
his
Nature
had
more
in
it
of
disdain
or
flattery
.
As
to
his
unequal
distribution
of
punishments
,
when
upon
slight
grounds
he
would
put
to
the
torture
,
and
again
bear
gently
with
the
greatest
Crimes
,
and
receive
into
grace
the
most
hainous
Transgressors
upon
easie
terms
,
but
small
and
inconsiderable
offences
chastise
with
Death
,
and
Confiscation
of
Goods
;
one
might
from
hence
judge
,
that
in
himself
he
was
really
of
a
bitter
revengeful
Nature
,
which
however
he
could
qualifie
,
upon
reason
of
Interest
.
In
this
very
Confederate-War
,
when
the
Soldiers
with
Stones
and
Clubs
,
had
killed
a
chief
Commander
,
his
own
Legate
,
Albinus
by
name
,
he
passed
by
such
horrid
indignity
without
taking
Cognizance
,
giving
it
out
moreover
in
a
boast
,
that
hereafter
he
should
have
the
Soldiers
more
intent
upon
the
War
,
to
repair
their
breach
of
Discipline
,
by
some
notable
piece
of
service
;
nor
took
he
notice
of
the
clamours
of
those
that
cried
for
Justice
,
but
casting
in
mind
,
how
to
crush
Marius
,
now
that
he
saw
the
Confederate-War
to
be
at
an
end
,
he
made
much
of
the
Army
,
in
hopes
to
get
himself
declared
General
of
the
Forces
against
Mithridates
.
At
his
return
to
Rome
he
was
chosen
Consul
with
Quintus
Pompeius
,
in
the
fiftieth
year
of
his
Age
▪
and
then
he
took
to
Wife
,
the
Illustrious
Lady
Cecilia
,
Daughter
to
Metellus
,
the
Chief
Priest
.
The
common
People
made
Sonnets
on
the
Marriage
,
and
many
of
the
Nobility
were
disgusted
at
it
,
esteeming
him
,
as
Livy
writes
,
unworthy
of
the
Lady
,
whom
before
they
thought
worthy
of
a
Consulship
.
This
was
not
his
only
Wife
,
for
first
in
his
younger
days
he
was
joined
to
Ilia
,
by
whom
he
had
a
Daughter
;
after
her
to
Aelia
,
and
then
to
Caelia
,
whom
he
dismissed
as
Barren
,
but
with
respect
and
a
good
report
,
adding
moreover
Presents
.
The
Match
between
him
and
Metella
falling
out
a
few
days
after
,
gave
suspicion
that
he
had
wrongfully
accused
Caelia
:
he
was
evermore
indulgent
to
Metella
,
insomuch
as
when
he
refused
to
recal
the
banisht
Marians
,
the
People
made
their
humble
application
to
Metella
.
And
the
Athenians
,
it
's
thought
,
had
harder
measure
,
at
the
Sacking
of
the
Town
,
because
in
a
jeering
way
,
they
had
affronted
Metella
from
off
the
Walls
.
But
of
this
hereafter
.
At
present
esteeming
the
Consulship
but
small
in
Comparison
of
things
to
come
,
he
was
impatiently
carried
on
in
thought
to
the
Mithridatick
War
.
Here
he
was
withstood
by
Marius
,
who
out
of
mad
affectation
of
Glory
,
and
thirst
of
Empire
,
those
never
dying
Passions
,
though
he
were
broken
in
Body
,
and
insufficient
for
the
last
services
,
by
reason
of
his
Age
,
yet
still
coveted
after
Foreign
and
Transmarine
Wars
;
and
whilst
Sylla
was
departed
for
the
Camp
,
to
order
the
rest
of
his
Affairs
there
,
sate
brooding
at
home
,
and
at
last
hatcht
that
execrable
Sedition
,
which
wrought
Rome
more
mischief
,
than
all
her
Enemies
together
could
have
done
,
as
was
foretold
by
the
Gods
.
For
a
flame
broke
forth
of
its
own
accord
,
from
under
the
staves
of
their
Ensigns
,
and
was
hard
to
be
extinguisht
.
Three
Ravens
brought
forth
their
young
and
eat
them
,
carrying
the
reliques
into
the
Nest
again
.
Mice
having
gnawed
the
Consecrated
Gold
of
the
Temple
,
the
Aediles
took
one
Female
in
a
trap
,
but
she
bringing
forth
five
young
ones
in
the
very
trap
,
devoured
three
of
them
.
But
what
was
greatest
of
all
,
in
a
calm
and
clear
sky
there
was
heard
the
sound
of
a
Trumpet
,
but
with
such
a
strong
and
dismal
blast
,
as
struck
terror
and
amazement
into
the
hearts
of
the
People
.
The
Hetruscane
Sages
affirmed
,
that
this
Prodigy
betok'ned
the
mutation
of
the
Age
,
and
revolution
of
the
whole
Universe
.
For
according
to
them
there
be
in
all
eight
Ages
,
differing
one
from
another
in
Lives
and
Conversation
,
and
to
each
of
these
God
has
allotted
a
certain
measure
of
times
,
determined
by
the
Circuit
of
the
great
year
;
when
one
Age
is
run
out
,
at
the
approach
of
another
,
there
appears
some
wonderful
sign
from
Earth
or
Heaven
,
as
is
plain
to
those
who
have
made
it
their
business
to
study
such
things
,
that
there
has
succeeded
in
the
World
a
new
race
of
Men
,
disagreeing
in
Customs
and
Institutes
of
Life
,
and
more
or
less
regarded
by
the
Gods
,
than
the
preceeding
.
Amongst
other
mighty
changes
that
happen
,
as
they
say
,
at
the
turn
of
Ages
,
even
the
Art
of
Divination
grows
into
esteem
sometimes
,
and
predicts
certainties
from
clear
and
evident
tokens
,
sent
from
God
:
and
then
again
,
in
another
Generation
waxes
as
low
to
a
decline
,
as
frivolous
for
the
most
part
,
taking
in
future
events
through
weak
and
darksome
Organs
.
This
was
the
Mythology
of
the
Tuscan
Sages
,
who
were
thought
to
be
more
knowing
than
other
People
.
Whilst
the
Senate
sate
in
Consultation
with
the
South-sayers
,
concerning
these
Prodigies
,
in
the
Temple
of
Bellona
,
Goddess
of
War
,
a
Sparrow
came
flying
in
before
them
all
,
with
a
Grashopper
in
the
mouth
;
and
part
she
let
fall
,
and
part
she
bore
away
.
The
Diviners
doubted
a
Commotion
and
Dissention
to
arise
between
the
Country
and
City
.
For
with
them
the
clamorous
Grashopper
signifies
the
Country
,
and
Sparrow
,
the
City
.
Now
Marius
join'd
to
him
Sulpitius
,
a
Fellow
second
to
none
for
the
most
exquisite
Villainies
,
so
as
we
need
not
enquire
wherein
he
excelled
others
,
but
wherein
he
excelled
himself
in
Wickedness
.
He
was
cruel
,
bold
,
rapacious
,
openly
dishonest
,
and
throughout
a
Rogue
,
making
sale
by
out-cry
of
the
Roman
Freedom
to
Libertines
and
Strangers
,
and
telling
out
the
price
on
the
publick
Money-tables
.
He
maintained
three
thousand
Sword-men
,
and
had
always
about
him
a
company
of
young
Gentlemen
ready
on
all
occasions
,
whom
he
styled
his
Antisenatarian-band
;
having
caused
a
Law
to
be
enacted
,
that
no
Senator
should
contract
a
debt
of
above
three
thousand
Drachma's
,
he
himself
after
Death
,
was
found
indebted
three
Millions
.
This
was
the
man
whom
Marius
let
in
upon
the
Commonwealth
,
and
who
ordering
all
things
by
Force
and
the
Sword
,
made
several
Ordinances
of
dangerous
consequence
,
and
amongst
the
rest
,
that
same
,
which
gave
to
Marius
the
Conduct
of
the
Mithridatick
War
.
Upon
this
the
Consuls
proclaim
a
Publick
Cessation
of
business
,
but
as
they
were
holding
a
Senate
in
the
Temple
of
Castor
and
Pollux
,
he
let
loose
the
Rabble
upon
them
,
and
amongst
many
others
slew
Pompey
,
the
Consuls
young
Son
,
in
the
Forum
,
Pompey
himself
hardly
escaping
in
the
Crowd
.
But
Sylla
being
closely
pursued
into
the
House
of
Marius
,
was
forc'd
to
come
forth
and
dissolve
the
Cessation
;
for
this
cause
Sulpitius
having
deposed
Pompey
,
continu'd
Sylla
in
his
Consulship
,
only
the
Mithridatick
Expedition
,
that
he
conferred
on
Marius
.
There
were
immediately
dispatcht
to
Nola
,
Tribunes
,
to
receive
the
Army
,
and
bring
it
to
Marius
;
but
seeing
that
Sylla
was
got
before
to
the
Camp
,
and
the
Soldiers
upon
hearing
of
the
News
had
stoned
the
Tribunes
,
Marius
in
requital
,
put
the
Friends
of
Sylla
in
the
City
to
the
Sword
,
and
rifled
their
Goods
.
The
People
were
all
up
in
a
hurry
,
shifting
and
running
to
and
fro
,
some
from
the
Camp
to
the
City
,
others
from
the
City
to
the
Camp
.
The
Senate
,
then
no
more
its
own
,
but
wholly
Governed
by
the
Dictates
of
Marius
and
Sulpitius
,
alarm'd
at
the
report
of
Sylla's
advancing
his
Troops
towards
the
City
,
sent
forth
two
of
the
Pretors
,
Brutus
and
Servilius
,
to
forbid
his
nearer
approach
:
The
Soldiers
would
have
slain
these
Pretors
in
a
fury
,
for
their
rough
Language
to
Sylla
;
however
,
breaking
their
Rods
asunder
,
and
tearing
off
their
Purple
Robes
,
after
much
contumelious
usage
,
they
sent
them
back
,
to
the
sad
and
sudden
dejection
of
those
that
beheld
their
Magistrates
despoiled
of
Pretorian
Ensigns
,
and
withal
declaring
,
that
things
were
now
manifestly
come
to
a
Rupture
and
past
cure
:
Marius
put
himself
in
a
readiness
,
and
Sylla
with
his
Collegue
moved
from
Nola
,
at
the
head
of
six
compleat
Legions
,
all
whom
he
found
willing
to
march
up
directly
against
the
City
;
but
he
himself
as
yet
was
doubtful
in
thought
,
and
apprehensive
of
the
danger
.
As
he
was
sacrificing
,
Posthumius
the
South-sayer
having
inspected
the
Entrails
,
stretching
forth
both
hands
to
Sylla
,
required
to
be
bound
and
kept
in
Custody
till
the
Battel
was
over
,
as
willing
if
they
had
not
speedy
Success
,
to
suffer
the
utmost
Punishment
.
It
's
said
,
that
there
appeared
to
Sylla
in
a
Dream
a
certain
Goddess
,
whom
the
Romans
learnt
to
worship
from
the
Cappadoces
,
whether
she
was
the
Moon
,
or
Pallas
,
or
Bellona
:
This
same
Goddess
,
to
his
thinking
,
stood
by
him
,
and
put
into
his
Hand
Thunder
and
Lightning
,
then
naming
his
Enemies
one
by
one
,
bad
him
discharge
on
them
,
who
all
of
them
dropt
at
the
discharge
,
and
disappeared
.
Encouraged
by
this
Vision
,
and
relating
the
same
to
this
Collegue
,
next
day
he
led
on
towards
Rome
:
About
Picinae
being
met
by
an
Embassy
,
beseeching
him
not
to
fall
on
of
a
sudden
,
in
the
heat
of
a
March
,
(
for
the
Senate
had
decreed
to
do
him
all
the
right
imaginable
)
he
consented
to
lodge
on
the
place
,
and
sent
his
Officers
to
measure
out
the
Ground
,
(
as
is
usual
)
for
a
Camp
;
so
as
the
Ambassadors
believing
it
,
returned
.
They
were
no
sooner
gone
,
but
he
sent
a
Party
before
,
under
the
Command
of
Lucius
Basillus
and
C.
Mommius
,
to
secure
the
City-Gate
and
Wall
on
the
side
of
the
Aesculine-hill
;
then
at
the
Heels
of
these
he
himself
followed
with
all
speed
.
Basillus
fell
with
success
into
the
City
,
but
the
unarmed
Multitude
pelting
him
with
Stones
and
Tiles
from
off
the
Houses
,
stopt
his
further
Progress
,
and
beat
him
back
to
the
Wall
.
Sylla
by
this
time
was
come
up
▪
and
seeing
what
was
done
,
called
aloud
on
his
Men
to
set
fire
to
the
Houses
,
and
taking
a
flaming
Torch
,
he
himself
led
the
way
,
and
commanded
the
Archers
to
make
use
of
their
Fire-darts
,
letting
fly
at
the
tops
of
Houses
:
This
he
did
without
the
least
consideration
▪
all
enraged
,
and
yielding
the
Conduct
of
that
days
work
to
Passion
,
as
if
all
he
saw
were
Enemies
,
without
respect
or
pity
either
to
Friends
,
Relations
,
or
Acquaintance
,
he
went
on
by
Fire
,
which
knows
no
distinction
betwixt
Friend
or
foe
.
In
this
dispute
Marius
being
driven
into
the
Temple
of
Mother
Earth
,
would
from
thence
have
drawn
in
the
Bondmen
by
Proclamation
of
Freedom
,
but
the
Enemy
coming
on
,
he
was
overpowered
and
fled
the
City
.
Sylla
having
called
a
Senate
,
had
Sentence
of
Death
passed
on
Marius
,
and
some
few
others
,
amongst
whom
was
Sulpitius
Tribune
of
the
People
.
Sulpitius
was
executed
,
being
betrayed
by
his
Servant
whom
Sylla
first
made
free
,
and
then
threw
him
head-long
down
the
Tarpeian
Rock
.
As
for
Marius
,
he
set
a
Price
on
his
Life
,
by
Proclamation
;
but
neither
gratefully
nor
politickly
,
if
we
consider
into
whose
House
not
long
before
he
put
himself
at
Mercy
,
and
was
safely
dismissed
.
Albeit
had
Marius
not
let
go
Sylla
,
but
suffered
him
to
be
slain
by
the
Hands
of
Sulpitius
,
he
might
have
been
Lord
of
all
;
but
he
spared
his
Life
,
and
a
few
days
after
,
upon
like
occasion
,
received
not
like
measure
.
By
these
Proceedings
Sylla
gave
secret
distaste
to
the
Senate
;
but
the
displeasure
and
free
indignation
of
the
Commonalty
shewed
it self
plainly
by
their
Actions
.
For
they
ignominiously
rejected
Nonius
his
Nephew
,
and
Servius
,
who
put
in
for
Offices
of
State
by
his
Interest
,
and
chose
others
for
Magistrates
,
by
honoring
whom
,
they
thought
to
have
grieved
him
most
.
He
made
semblance
of
extreme
satisfaction
hereat
,
as
if
the
People
by
his
means
had
again
enjoyed
the
Liberty
of
doing
what
seem'd
best
to
them
.
And
to
pacifie
the
publick
Odium
,
he
created
Lucius
Cinna
Consul
,
one
of
the
adverse
Party
,
having
first
bound
him
under
Oaths
and
Imprecations
,
to
be
true
to
his
Interest
:
For
Cinna
ascending
the
Capitol
with
a
Stone
in
his
Hand
,
swore
solemnly
and
with
a
direful
Curse
,
that
he
himself
,
if
he
kept
not
the
Accord
,
might
be
cast
out
of
the
City
,
as
that
Stone
out
of
his
Hand
;
he
thereupon
cast
the
Stone
to
the
Ground
,
in
the
presence
of
many
People
.
Cinna
had
no
sooner
entred
on
his
charge
,
but
fell
to
disturb
the
Establishment
,
and
having
prepared
an
information
against
Sylla
,
suborned
Virginius
,
one
of
the
Tribunes
of
the
People
,
to
be
his
accuser
;
but
Sylla
leaving
him
and
the
Court
of
Judicature
to
themselves
,
set
forth
against
Mithridates
.
About
the
time
that
Sylla
was
making
ready
,
to
put
off
with
his
Forces
from
Italy
,
besides
many
other
Divine
Omens
which
befell
Mithridates
at
Pergamos
,
there
goes
a
Story
,
that
the
Statue
of
Victory
,
with
a
Crown
in
her
hand
,
which
the
Pergamenians
by
Engines
from
above
let
down
on
him
,
when
she
had
almost
reach'd
his
head
,
fell
asunder
,
and
the
Crown
tumbling
down
into
the
midst
of
the
Theatre
,
broke
to
pieces
against
the
ground
,
so
as
this
startled
the
Vulgar
,
and
hugely
disquieted
the
Mind
of
Mithridates
,
altho
his
Affairs
hitherto
had
succeeded
beyond
expectation
;
for
at
present
having
wrested
from
the
Romans
Asia
,
from
the
[
](A55202-e29990-b)*
*
Nicomedes
and
Ariobarzanes
.
Kings
Bithynia
and
Cappadocia
,
he
made
Pergamus
his
Royal
Seat
,
bestowing
on
his
Friends
Riches
,
Principalities
,
and
Kingdoms
.
Of
his
Sons
,
the
one
(
Arcathias
)
residing
in
Pontus
and
Bosphorus
,
held
his
Ancient
Realm
as
far
as
the
Desarts
,
above
the
Lake
Maeotis
,
without
molestation
:
Ariarathes
(
the
other
)
was
about
reducing
Thrace
and
Macedon
,
with
a
great
Army
,
to
Obedience
.
His
other
Commanders
with
Forces
under
them
,
invaded
other
Quarters
;
especially
Archilaus
,
who
by
his
Ships
gave
in
a
manner
absolute
Law
at
Sea
,
had
subjected
the
Isles
Cyclades
,
together
with
other
situated
within
Malea
,
and
had
taken
Aeubaea
it self
.
From
Athens
,
his
Seat
of
War
,
he
made
his
Excursions
as
far
as
Thessaly
,
and
drew
after
him
most
of
the
States
of
Greece
,
without
the
least
impeachment
,
save
only
at
Chaeronea
.
For
here
Brutius
Sura
,
Deputy
of
Sentius
,
Governour
of
Macedon
,
a
man
excelling
in
Valour
and
Prudence
,
met
with
Archelaus
,
and
though
,
like
a
Torrent
,
he
came
pouring
along
Baeotia
,
made
stout
resistance
,
and
giving
him
thrice
Battel
,
repulsed
and
forc'd
him
off
again
to
Sea
;
however
being
Commanded
by
Lucius
Lucullus
to
give
place
to
his
Successor
Sylla
,
and
resign
the
War
to
whom
it
was
decreed
,
he
presently
left
Baeotia
,
and
returned
back
to
Sintius
,
although
his
Success
had
out-gone
all
hopes
,
and
Greece
was
well
disposed
to
a
Revolt
,
upon
account
of
his
gallant
behaviour
.
These
be
the
glorious
Actions
of
Brutius
.
Sylla
at
his
arrival
received
by
their
Ambassadors
the
Complements
of
all
the
Cities
of
Greece
,
except
Athens
,
which
being
forc'd
by
the
Tyrant
Aristion
within
to
hold
for
the
King
,
he
came
against
it
with
all
his
might
,
and
investing
the
Haven
Pyreus
,
laid
formal
Siege
to
it
,
erecting
all
manner
of
Batteries
,
and
trying
all
manner
of
Assaults
;
whereas
had
he
forborn
never
so
little
,
he
might
without
hazard
have
taken
the
Upper
City
by
Famine
,
being
already
reduc'd
to
extreamity
,
through
want
of
Necessaries
;
but
hasting
to
Rome
,
and
fearing
some
Innovation
there
,
by
many
Adventures
,
many
Fights
,
and
vast
Expence
,
he
pusht
on
the
War
;
for
besides
other
Equipage
,
the
very
Work
about
the
Engines
of
Battery
was
supplied
with
no
less
than
ten
thousand
Yoak
of
Mules
,
employ'd
daily
in
that
Service
;
and
when
Timber
grew
scarce
(
for
many
of
the
Works
fail'd
,
some
quash'd
to
pieces
by
their
own
weight
,
others
taking
fire
by
the
continual
play
of
the
Enemy
)
he
made
bold
with
the
sacred
Groves
,
and
cut
down
the
stately
Walks
of
the
Academy
,
which
stands
in
the
Suburbs
,
and
the
Lyceum
;
and
being
there
wanted
a
vast
Summ
of
Money
to
carry
on
the
War
,
he
broke
up
the
unvoidable
Treasures
of
Greece
,
that
of
Epidaurus
,
and
that
of
Olympia
,
sending
for
the
fairest
and
richest
Offertories
;
he
wrote
likewise
to
the
Amphyctiones
at
Delphos
.
That
it
were
better
to
remit
the
Wealth
of
the
God
to
him
,
for
that
he
would
keep
it
more
securely
,
or
in
case
he
made
use
of
it
,
restore
as
much
.
And
of
his
Friends
he
sent
Caphis
the
Phocean
on
this
Message
,
commanding
him
to
receive
each
Particular
by
weight
.
Caphis
came
to
Delphos
,
but
was
loth
to
touch
holy
things
,
and
with
many
Tears
in
the
presence
of
the
Amphyctiones
,
bewailed
the
Necessity
:
But
some
of
them
making
as
if
they
heard
the
sound
of
a
Harp
from
the
innermost
Shrine
,
he
,
whether
himself
believ'd
it
,
or
else
was
willing
to
strike
a
Religious
awe
into
Sylla
,
sent
back
an
Express
.
To
which
Sylla
replied
in
a
scoffing
way
,
That
it
was
matter
of
wonder
to
him
,
that
Caphis
understood
Musick
to
be
a
sign
of
Joy
,
not
Anger
;
and
therefore
wish'd
him
to
go
on
boldly
,
and
receive
it
from
the
hands
of
a
Gracious
and
bountiful
God
.
The
rest
of
the
things
that
were
delivered
out
,
escaped
the
memory
of
most
Grecians
,
save
the
Silver
Tun
,
that
only
Relick
of
Regal
Donation
,
which
for
its
weight
and
bulk
the
Carriages
not
being
able
to
receive
,
when
the
Amphyctiones
were
forced
to
cut
in
pieces
,
they
presently
call'd
to
mind
,
now
Titus
Quinctius
Flaminius
,
and
Manius
[
](A55202-e30560-b)*
*
Acilius
.
Acelius
,
now
Paulus
Aemilius
.
One
of
whom
,
when
he
had
thrown
Antiochus
out
of
Greece
,
the
others
when
they
had
brought
under
[
](A55202-e30610-b)*
*
Philip
&
Perses
.
Macedonian
Kings
,
not
only
abstained
from
the
Grecian
Temples
,
but
added
to
them
Gifts
and
Honour
,
and
much
Veneration
.
Those
indeed
according
to
Law
being
only
elected
Chief
Leaders
of
Men
well-disciplined
,
and
taught
to
yield
ready
obedience
to
Command
,
themselves
Great
in
Soul
and
Mean
in
Expences
,
lived
within
the
Bounds
of
the
ordinary
establish'd
Charges
,
accounting
it
a
greater
disgrace
to
stoop
basely
to
their
own
Soldiers
,
than
to
stand
in
awe
of
an
Enemy
;
whereas
the
Commanders
of
these
times
,
attaining
to
Superiority
by
force
,
not
worth
;
and
having
need
of
Arms
one
against
another
,
rather
than
an
Enemy
,
were
constrained
to
temporize
in
Authority
,
and
hiring
the
Soldiers
labour
at
the
price
of
Luxury
,
have
rendred
their
whole
Country
at
unawares
Mercenary
,
and
themselves
Slaves
to
the
vilest
of
Wretches
,
to
the
intent
they
might
Lord
it
over
their
Betters
.
These
Practices
cast
out
Marius
,
and
again
brought
him
in
against
Sylla
,
The
same
caused
Cinna
to
be
the
Assassin
of
Octavius
,
and
Fimbria
of
Flaccus
.
To
which
beginnings
Sylla
contributed
not
the
least
▪
For
he
to
corrupt
and
call
over
those
who
were
under
the
Command
of
others
,
would
be
munificent
and
profuse
towards
those
who
were
under
his
own
,
so
as
by
drawing
some
of
the
adverse
Party
to
a
revolt
,
and
his
own
men
to
a
dissolute
course
,
he
came
to
be
in
want
of
a
large
Treasury
,
especially
for
that
Siege
.
Sylla
had
a
vehement
and
an
implacable
desire
to
Conquer
Athens
,
whether
out
of
emulation
,
fighting
as
it
were
,
against
the
shadow
of
that
once
Famous
City
,
or
out
of
anger
,
stomaching
those
Flouts
and
Scurrillous
jests
,
wherewith
the
Tyrant
Aristion
,
fooling
and
skipping
about
daily
,
had
provoked
him
and
Metella
from
off
the
Walls
.
The
Tyrant
Aristion
had
his
very
Being
compounded
of
Wantonness
and
Cruelty
,
receiving
into
himself
as
common
Sewer
the
worst
of
Mithridates
his
ill
humours
and
vicious
qualities
,
who
like
some
satal
disease
,
after
its
deliverance
from
innumerable
Wars
,
many
Tyrannies
and
Seditions
,
brought
the
City
to
the
last
extreamity
.
At
the
time
when
a
[
](A55202-e30790-b)*
*
About
six
bushel
.
Medimnus
of
Wheat
was
to
be
sold
in
the
City
for
one
Thousand
Drachma's
,
and
men
were
forc'd
to
live
on
Feverfew
,
growing
round
the
Cittadel
,
and
eat
shooes
and
Oyl-bags
sodden
,
he
daily
carrousing
and
feasting
it
in
the
open
face
of
Noon
,
then
dancing
in
Armour
,
and
sporting
at
the
Enemy
,
suffered
the
holy
Lamp
of
the
Goddess
to
expire
for
want
of
Oyl
,
and
to
the
Chief-Priestess
,
who
demanded
of
him
an
[
](A55202-e30810-b)*
*
About
a
Pint.
Hemina
of
Wheat
,
he
sent
the
like
quantity
of
Pepper
.
The
Senators
and
Priests
,
who
came
in
humble
guise
,
to
beg
of
him
to
take
Compassion
of
the
City
,
and
treat
a
Peace
with
Sylla
,
he
drove
at
and
dispersed
with
a
flight
of
Arrows
.
At
last
with
much
ado
,
he
sent
forth
two
or
three
of
his
revelling
Companions
to
parley
,
whom
Sylla
,
perceiving
that
they
made
no
overtures
towards
an
accommodation
,
but
went
on
haranguing
in
praise
of
Theseus
,
Eumolpus
,
and
their
Median
Trophies
,
replyed
to
them
thus
,
Happy
men
!
ye
may
put
up
your
Speeches
and
be
gone
,
for
I
was
sent
by
the
Romans
to
Athens
,
not
to
learn
,
but
to
reduce
Rebels
to
obedience
.
In
the
mean
time
News
came
to
Sylla
,
that
some
old
men
discoursing
in
the
Ceramicum
,
were
over-heard
to
blame
the
Tyrant
,
for
not
securing
the
Passages
and
Avenues
on
the
side
of
the
Gate
Heptachalcos
,
where
only
the
Enemy
might
easily
get
over
.
Sylla
neglected
not
the
report
,
but
going
in
the
Night
,
and
discovering
the
place
to
be
assaultable
,
set
streight
to
work
:
Sylla
himself
makes
mention
in
his
Memoirs
,
that
Marcus
Teius
,
the
first
man
who
scal'd
the
Wall
,
meeting
with
an
Adversary
,
and
striking
him
on
the
head-piece
a
home
stroke
,
broke
his
Sword
,
however
shrunk
not
from
his
ground
,
but
withstood
and
held
him
fast
.
The
City
was
taken
on
that
part
,
as
't
is
recorded
by
the
most
ancient
of
the
Athenians
.
When
they
had
thrown
down
the
Wall
,
and
made
all
level
betwixt
the
Pyrean
,
and
Sacred-Gate
,
about
the
dead
of
night
,
Sylla
entred
the
breach
in
dreadful
manner
with
many
Trumpets
and
Cornets
,
with
the
rowsing
shout
and
cry
of
an
Army
,
falling
to
the
spoil
and
slaughter
,
and
scouring
through
the
streets
with
Swords
drawn
,
so
as
there
was
no
numbring
of
the
slain
;
only
from
the
space
of
ground
overflowed
with
Blood
,
we
may
even
now
take
a
survey
of
their
Multitude
,
for
to
pass
by
the
execution
done
on
other
Quarters
of
the
City
,
the
bloodshed
about
the
Market
place
,
took
up
the
whole
Ceramicum
,
within
the
Double
gate
,
and
according
to
most
Writers
,
passing
through
both
doors
,
overwhelmed
the
Suburbs
.
Nor
did
the
People
which
fell
thus
in
such
vast
heaps
,
excel
the
number
of
those
,
who
out
of
pity
and
love
of
their
Country
,
then
at
point
of
destruction
,
slew
themselves
;
the
best
of
them
despairing
and
dreading
to
survive
;
as
not
expecting
either
Humanity
or
Moderation
in
Sylla
.
At
length
,
partly
by
the
instance
of
Midias
and
Calliphon
,
two
exil'd
men
,
beseeching
and
casting
themselves
at
his
feet
,
partly
by
the
intercession
of
those
Senators
who
followed
the
Camp
,
having
had
his
fill
of
Revenge
,
and
making
some
honourable
mention
of
the
Ancient
Athenians
,
I
forgive
(
said
he
)
the
Many
for
the
sake
of
a
Few
,
the
Living
for
the
Dead
.
He
took
Athens
,
according
to
his
own
Memoirs
,
on
the
Calends
of
March
,
which
fall
out
exactly
on
the
first
of
Authesterion
,
on
which
day
the
Athenians
keep
a
Solemn
Commemoration
of
the
many
Ruins
and
Devastations
,
occasioned
by
excessive
rains
,
particularly
of
the
Deluge
which
hap'ned
about
that
time
.
At
the
taking
of
the
Town
,
the
Tyrant
fled
into
the
Cittadel
,
and
was
there
besieged
by
Curio
,
who
had
that
charge
under
Command
.
He
held
out
a
considerable
time
,
but
for
want
of
Water
yielding
up
himself
,
clearly
evidenced
the
Divine
Providence
.
For
on
the
same
day
and
minute
that
Curio
conducted
him
down
,
the
Clouds
gathering
in
a
calm
Heaven
,
there
showred
down
a
great
quantity
of
rain
,
and
filled
the
Cittadel
with
Water
.
Not
long
after
Sylla
won
the
Haven
Pyreus
,
and
burnt
most
of
it
,
amongst
the
rest
Philo's
Arsenal
,
a
stupendious
Work
.
In
the
mean
time
Taxilles
,
Mithridates
his
General
,
coming
down
from
Thrace
and
Macedon
,
with
an
Army
of
one
hundred
thousand
Foot
,
ten
thousand
Horse
,
and
ninety
Chariots
,
fang'd
at
Axles
with
Iron
Sythes
,
would
have
joyn'd
Archelaus
,
who
lay
hovering
with
a
Navy
on
the
Coast
of
Munichia
,
with
intention
,
neither
to
quit
the
Sea
,
or
engage
the
Romans
in
Fight
,
but
to
draw
out
the
War
in
length
,
and
cut
off
the
Enemies
Provision
,
which
Sylla
perceiving
much
better
than
himself
,
passed
with
his
Forces
into
Baeotia
,
from
out
a
region
barren
and
unable
to
maintain
a
Camp
in
time
of
Peace
.
He
was
thought
by
some
to
have
taken
false
measures
,
when
leaving
Attica
,
a
rugged
Country
,
and
uneasie
for
the
Cavalry
to
move
in
,
he
put
himself
into
the
plain
and
open
Fields
of
Baeotia
,
knowing
the
Barbarians
strength
to
consist
most
in
Horse
and
Chariots
.
But
as
was
said
before
,
to
avoid
Famine
and
Scarcity
,
he
was
forc'd
to
run
the
risque
of
a
Battel
:
Moreover
he
was
troubled
for
Hortensius
,
a
man
expert
in
War
,
and
of
a
rough
Soldiery
Constitution
,
whom
on
his
way
to
Sylla
with
Forces
from
Thessaly
,
the
Barbarians
awaited
in
the
[
](A55202-e31350-b)*
*
Thermopule
.
Streights
:
For
these
reasons
Sylla
drew
off
into
Baeotia
▪
Caphis
[
](A55202-e31380-b)*
*
Plutarch's
Country-man
a
-
Chaeronean
.
our
Country-man
led
Hortensius
another
way
unknown
to
the
Barbarians
,
by
Parnassus
just
under
Tithora
,
being
then
no
such
great
City
as
't
is
now
,
but
a
Garrison
built
a
round
on
a
steep
Precipice
,
which
the
Phocenses
,
to
escape
the
Invasion
of
Xerxes
,
put
themselves
and
goods
into
,
and
were
saved
.
Hortensius
encamping
here
,
kept
off
the
Enemy
by
day
,
and
at
night
descending
by
difficult
passages
into
Patronis
,
join'd
the
Forces
of
Sylla
,
who
came
to
meet
him
.
Thus
united
,
they
posted
themselves
on
a
fertile
Hill
,
on
the
Plains
of
Elateia
,
set
round
with
Trees
,
and
watered
at
the
foot
:
It
's
called
Philobeotus
,
the
Situation
and
Richness
of
which
Soil
,
Sylla
praiseth
wonderfully
.
As
they
lay
thus
encamped
,
they
seemed
to
the
Enemy
a
contemptible
number
,
for
they
were
not
above
fifteen
hundred
Horse
,
and
less
than
fifteen
thousand
Foot
;
wherefore
,
the
rest
of
the
Commanders
over-perswading
Archelaus
,
and
drawing
up
the
Army
,
covered
the
Field
with
Horses
,
Chariots
,
Bucklers
,
Targets
:
The
clamour
and
hideous
roar
of
so
many
Nations
,
standing
thick
together
in
Battalia
,
tore
the
Sky
;
nor
was
the
Pomp
and
Gallantry
of
their
costly
array
,
altogether
idle
and
unserviceable
for
terrour
:
For
the
brightness
of
their
Armour
,
embellished
with
Gold
and
Silver
magnificently
,
and
the
lustre
of
their
Median
and
Scythian
Coats
,
intermixt
with
Brass
and
shining
Steel
,
cast
forth
a
flaming
and
a
dreadful
sight
,
by
the
waving
and
moving
to
and
fro
of
the
Army
,
insomuch
that
the
Romans
shrunk
them
into
their
Trenches
;
and
Sylla
being
unable
by
any
means
to
remove
the
fear
,
and
unwilling
to
force
them
to
fight
against
their
wills
,
was
fain
to
sit
down
in
quiet
,
ill-brooking
though
,
to
become
the
Subject
of
Barbarian
Insolence
and
Laughter
;
this
however
above
all
advantaged
him
,
for
the
Enemy
from
contemning
of
him
,
fell
into
disorder
amongst
themselves
,
and
being
less
subject
to
Command
,
by
reason
of
many
Commanders
,
some
few
of
them
remained
within
the
Line
,
but
others
,
the
Major
part
,
lur'd
out
with
hopes
of
prey
and
rapine
,
flew
about
the
Countries
many
days
Journey
from
the
Camp
,
and
by
report
demolished
the
City
of
Panope
,
rifled
Lebadea
,
and
rob'd
the
Oracle
,
without
any
Discipline
.
Sylla
all
▪
this
while
chasing
and
fretting
to
see
the
Cities
all
around
destroyed
,
suffered
not
the
Soldiery
to
indulge
,
but
going
forth
,
compelled
them
to
divert
Cephisus
from
its
ancient
Channel
,
by
casting
up
ditches
and
giving
respite
to
none
,
shew'd
himself
rigorous
in
punishing
the
remiss
,
that
growing
weary
of
labour
,
they
might
be
drawn
by
hardship
to
embrace
danger
;
which
fell
out
accordingly
,
for
on
the
third
day
being
hard
at
work
,
as
Sylla
passed
by
,
they
beg'd
and
clamour'd
to
be
led
against
the
Enemy
.
Sylla
replied
,
That
this
demand
of
War
proceeded
rather
from
a
backwardness
to
labour
,
than
any
forwardness
to
fight
;
but
if
they
were
in
good
earnest
Martially
given
,
he
bad
them
with
their
Arms
get
up
thither
,
pointing
at
the
ancient
Tower
of
the
Parapotamians
,
whereof
at
present
,
the
City
being
laid
wast
,
there
remained
only
the
Mountainous
head
,
steep
and
craggy
on
all
sides
,
and
severed
from
Mount
Edulium
,
the
breadth
of
the
River
Assus
,
which
running
betwixt
,
and
at
the
bottom
of
the
same
Hill
,
falling
into
Cephisus
,
with
an
impetuous
Confluence
,
made
that
a
safe
Height
to
lodge
on
;
wherefore
beholding
the
Brass
Targettiers
to
make
up
hastily
,
Sylla
was
willing
to
take
prepossession
,
and
took
it
by
the
vigorous
Address
of
the
Soldiers
.
Archelaus
put
back
from
hence
,
bent
his
Forces
upon
Chaeronea
.
The
Chaeroneans
,
who
bore
Arms
in
the
Roman
Camp
,
beseeching
Sylla
not
to
abandon
the
City
,
he
dispatcht
Geminius
the
Tribune
with
one
Legion
,
and
withal
sent
out
the
Chaeroneans
,
endeavouring
,
but
not
able
to
get
in
before
Geminius
;
so
active
▪
was
he
,
and
more
swift
to
relief
,
than
they
who
prayed
Relief
.
Juba
writes
,
that
Ericius
was
the
man
sent
,
not
Geminius
.
Thus
narrowly
escaped
[
](A55202-e31850-b)*
*
Plutarch
'
s.
our
Native
City
.
From
Lebadea
and
the
Cave
of
Trophonius
there
were
spread
abroad
favourable
Rumours
and
Prophecies
of
Victory
to
the
Romans
,
which
the
Inhabitants
report
at
large
:
And
as
Sylla
himself
affirms
in
the
tenth
Book
of
his
Memoirs
,
Quintus
Titus
,
an
obscure
Man
of
those
who
traffick
into
Greece
,
came
to
him
after
the
Battel
won
at
Chaeronea
,
and
declared
that
Trophinius
had
foretold
another
Fight
and
Victory
on
the
same
place
,
within
a
short
time
.
After
him
a
Soldier
,
by
name
Salvenius
,
brought
an
account
from
the
God
of
the
issue
of
Affairs
in
Italy
.
As
to
the
Vision
,
they
both
agreed
in
this
,
that
for
Stature
,
and
Majestick
Grace
they
had
seen
somewhat
in
the
likeness
of
Jupiter
Olympius
.
Sylla
when
he
had
passed
over
the
Assus
,
march'd
up
to
Edylium
,
and
encamped
close
to
Archelaus
,
who
had
intrench'd
himself
strongly
between
the
Mountains
Acontium
and
Edylium
,
towards
those
called
Assia
:
The
Place
of
his
Intrenchment
is
to
this
day
named
from
him
Archelaus
.
Sylla
after
one
days
respite
having
left
Muraena
behind
him
,
with
one
Legion
and
two
Cohorts
,
to
amuse
the
distracted
Enemy
with
continual
Alarms
,
went
and
sacrificed
on
the
Banks
of
Cephisus
.
The
holy
Rights
ended
,
he
held
on
towards
Chaeronea
,
to
receive
the
Forces
there
,
and
view
Mount
Thurion
,
where
the
Enemy
had
posted
themselves
.
This
is
a
craggy
Heighth
,
running
up
gradually
to
a
Point
,
which
we
call
Orthopagon
;
at
the
foot
of
it
,
is
the
River
Morius
,
and
the
Temple
of
Apollo
Thurius
:
The
God
had
his
Surname
from
Thuro
,
Mother
of
Cheron
,
whom
ancient
Fame
makes
Founder
of
Chaeronea
.
Others
assert
,
that
the
Cow
,
which
Apollo
gave
to
Cadmus
for
a
Guide
,
appeared
there
,
and
that
the
Place
took
its
Name
from
the
Beast
;
for
the
Phaenicians
call
a
Cow
,
Thor.
At
Sylla's
approach
to
Chaeronea
,
the
Tribune
,
who
had
been
commanded
out
to
guard
the
City
,
drew
his
Men
into
Arms
,
and
meet
him
with
a
Garland
of
Laurel
in
his
hand
;
which
Sylla
accepting
of
,
and
withal
caressing
and
animating
the
Soldiers
to
the
Encounter
,
two
Men
of
Chaeronea
,
Homoloichus
and
Anaxidamus
,
present
themselves
before
him
,
and
proffer
with
a
small
Party
to
dislodge
those
who
were
posted
on
Thurium
;
for
that
there
lay
a
Path
,
unknown
to
the
Barbarians
,
from
Petrochus
along
by
the
Musaeum
,
leading
over
head
upon
Thurium
;
by
this
way
it
was
easie
to
fall
on
,
and
either
stone
them
from
above
,
or
force
them
down
into
the
Plain
.
Sylla
assured
of
their
Faith
and
Courage
by
Geminius
,
when
he
had
exhorted
them
to
go
on
with
the
Enterprise
,
Embattelled
the
Army
,
and
disposing
of
the
Cavalry
on
both
Wings
,
himself
commanded
the
Right
,
and
the
left
he
committed
to
the
direction
of
Muraena
;
in
the
Rear
of
all
,
Gallus
and
Hortensius
,
his
Legates
,
had
planted
themselves
on
the
upper
Grounds
,
with
the
Cohorts
of
Reserve
,
to
watch
the
motion
of
the
Enemy
,
who
with
infinite
numbers
of
Horse
,
and
expedite
light-armed
Foot
,
having
made
the
Wing
pliant
,
and
ready
to
wind
about
at
pleasure
gave
suspicion
that
he
intended
to
over-reach
and
enclose
the
Romans
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Chaeroneans
,
who
had
Ericus
for
Commander
by
appointment
of
Sylla
,
covertly
surrounding
Thurium
,
and
discovering
themselves
,
there
arose
a
great
Confusion
and
Rout
,
and
mutual
Slaughter
amongst
the
Barbarians
;
for
they
kept
not
their
stand
,
but
making
down
in
that
hurry
,
cast
themselves
on
their
own
Spears
,
and
violently
bore
each
other
headlong
,
the
Enemy
from
above
pressing
on
,
and
wounding
them
on
the
open
side
,
insomuch
as
there
fell
three
thousand
about
Thurium
.
Some
of
them
who
escaped
being
met
by
Muraena
as
he
stood
in
Array
,
were
cut
off
and
destroy'd
.
Others
breaking
through
to
their
Friends
,
and
falling
disorderly
into
the
Ranks
,
filled
most
part
of
the
Army
with
fear
and
Tumult
,
and
put
the
Chief
Officers
to
a
stand
,
which
was
no
small
disadvantage
.
For
immediately
upon
the
Discomposure
,
Sylla
coming
full
speed
to
the
Charge
,
disappointed
the
Service
of
their
Armed
Chariots
,
which
require
a
good
space
of
Ground
to
gather
strength
and
impetuosity
in
the
Career
,
whereas
a
short
drift
proves
weak
and
ineffectual
,
like
that
of
Engines
without
a
full
swing
.
Thus
it
fared
with
the
Barbarians
at
present
,
whose
first
Chariots
,
that
set
forth
spurtingly
,
and
made
but
a
faint
impression
when
the
Romans
had
repulsed
,
with
a
clattering
din
and
slaughter
they
called
for
more
,
as
is
usual
in
the
publick
Cirque
.
By
this
time
the
Gross
of
both
Armies
met
.
The
Barbarians
,
on
one
side
,
charged
their
long
Pikes
,
and
with
Shields
lock'd
close
together
like
a
Roof
over
head
,
strove
what
in
them
lay
to
preserve
their
Battalion
entire
:
The
Romans
,
on
the
other
side
,
threw
by
their
Piles
,
and
with
drawn
Swords
put
by
their
Pushes
,
the
sooner
to
mingle
with
them
,
in
the
rage
they
were
then
in
:
For
in
the
Front
of
the
Enemy
they
beheld
fifteen
thousand
Slaves
,
whom
the
Royal
[
](A55202-e32520-b)*
*
The
Commanders
of
King
Mithridates
.
Commanders
had
set
free
by
Proclamation
,
and
rang'd
amongst
the
Men
of
Arms.
Whereupon
a
Roman
Centurion
is
reported
to
say
,
That
he
never
knew
Servants
allowed
to
play
the
Masters
,
unless
on
the
Holy-days
of
Saturn
.
These
Men
,
by
reason
of
their
deep
and
thick
Array
,
as
well
as
for
their
daring
Courage
,
yielded
but
slowly
to
the
weighty
Legions
,
till
at
last
by
slinging
Engines
and
Darts
,
for
which
the
Roman
spar'd
not
from
behind
,
they
were
forc'd
to
give
way
and
scatter
.
And
as
Archelaus
was
extending
the
the
Right
Wing
to
encompass
the
Enemy
,
Hortensius
with
his
Cohorts
came
down
amain
,
with
intention
to
charge
him
in
the
Flank
;
but
Achelaus
wheeling
about
suddenly
,
with
two
thousand
Horse
,
Hortensius
,
overlaid
with
numbers
,
withdrew
himself
to
the
upper
Grounds
,
not
far
from
the
main
Body
,
and
was
surrounded
by
the
Enemy
:
When
Sylla
heard
this
,
he
came
speeding
from
the
right
to
his
succour
,
before
the
Engagement
;
but
Archelaus
guessing
the
matter
by
the
dust
of
his
Troops
,
turned
to
the
right
Wing
,
from
whence
Sylla
came
,
in
hopes
to
have
surprised
it
without
a
Commander
:
At
the
same
instant
likewise
Taxilles
with
his
Brass-Targetiers
assailed
Muraena
,
so
as
a
Cry
coming
from
both
places
,
and
the
Hills
repeating
it
around
,
Sylla
stood
in
suspence
which
way
to
move
;
it
seeming
best
to
reassume
his
own
Station
,
he
sent
in
aid
to
Muraena
four
Cohorts
,
and
commanding
the
fifth
to
follow
him
,
returned
on
the
spur
to
the
right
Wing
,
which
then
of
it self
held
Archelaus
to
equal
play
;
at
his
appearance
they
gave
one
lusty
push
for
all
,
and
overcoming
,
followed
them
disorderly
flying
to
the
River
and
Mount
Acontium
.
Neither
was
Sylla
unmindful
of
the
danger
Muraena
was
in
;
for
hasting
thither
,
and
finding
them
Victorious
,
he
help'd
to
pursue
.
Many
Barbarians
were
slain
on
the
spot
,
many
more
cut
in
pieces
,
as
they
were
making
to
the
Camp
:
Of
such
infinite
Multitudes
,
ten
thousand
only
got
safe
into
Chalcis
.
Sylla
writes
,
that
there
were
but
fourteen
of
his
Soldiers
wanting
,
and
that
two
even
of
those
returned
towards
evening
;
wherefore
he
inscribed
on
Trophies
,
Mars
,
Victory
,
and
Venus
,
as
having
won
the
Day
no
less
by
Good-fortune
,
than
by
true
management
and
force
of
Arms.
That
Trophie
of
the
Field-Battel
stands
on
the
Place
where
Archelaus
first
gave
back
,
as
far
as
the
Streums
of
Molus
:
The
other
is
erected
high
,
on
the
top
of
Thurium
,
where
the
Barbarians
were
environ'd
signifying
in
Greek
Letters
,
That
Homoloichus
and
Anaxidamus
were
the
Chief
Leaders
.
The
Hymns
of
Victory
for
this
Action
were
celebrated
at
Thebes
,
where
Sylla
built
a
Stage
for
Musick
,
near
Oedipus's
Well
.
As
for
the
Judges
of
the
Performance
,
they
were
Grecians
chosen
out
of
other
Cities
,
because
he
bore
an
implacable
hatred
to
the
Thebans
,
and
having
cut
off
from
them
half
their
Territories
,
he
consecrated
the
same
to
Apollo
and
Jupiter
,
commanding
them
,
out
of
the
Revenue
,
to
make
satisfaction
to
the
Gods
,
for
the
Riches
himself
had
taken
from
them
.
After
this
,
hearing
that
Flaccus
a
Man
of
the
contrary
Faction
,
being
chosen
Consul
,
had
crossed
the
Ionian
Sea
with
an
Army
,
to
act
in
shew
against
Mithridates
,
but
in
reality
against
himself
,
he
took
the
way
of
Thessalia
,
designing
to
meet
him
;
but
in
his
March
,
about
Meleteia
,
received
Advises
from
all
Parts
,
That
the
Countries
on
his
back
were
over
spread
and
harrased
by
no
less
a
Camp-Royal
than
was
the
former
:
For
Dorilaus
arriving
at
Chalcis
,
with
a
mighty
Fleet
(
on
board
of
which
he
brought
over
with
him
Eighty
Thousand
of
the
best-appointed
and
best
disciplin'd
Soldiers
of
Mithridates
his
Army
)
had
made
a
sudden
Incursion
into
Baeotia
,
and
secured
that
Coast
,
in
hopes
to
bring
Sylla
to
a
Battel
,
making
no
account
of
the
disswasions
of
Archelaus
,
but
giving
it
out
,
as
to
the
last
Fight
,
that
without
Treachery
so
many
Thousand
Men
could
never
have
perished
.
However
,
Sylla
facing
about
expeditiously
,
made
it
appear
to
Dorilaus
,
that
Archelaus
was
a
wise
Man
,
and
had
good
skill
in
the
Roman
Valour
;
insomuch
as
Dorilaus
himself
,
after
some
small
Skirmishes
with
Sylla
at
Tilphossion
,
was
the
first
of
those
who
thought
it
not
advisable
to
put
things
to
the
decision
of
the
Sword
,
but
rather
by
expence
of
Time
and
Treasure
to
wear
out
the
War
;
nevertheless
the
Field
of
Orchomenos
,
where
they
then
lay
encamped
,
gave
no
small
encouragement
to
Archelaus
,
as
being
most
advantageous
to
those
who
excel
in
Cavalry
to
engage
in
.
For
of
the
Baeotian
Campagnes
,
that
is
the
fairest
and
largest
,
which
confining
on
the
Principal
Seat
of
the
Orchomenians
,
alone
opens
a
clear
Prospect
,
void
of
Cover
as
far
as
the
Fens
,
where
the
River
Melas
is
swallowed
up
.
Of
all
the
Grecians
Rivers
,
this
only
,
which
ariseth
from
under
the
City
Orchomenus
,
draws
with
it
a
deep
and
navigable
Water
from
the
very
Head
,
encreasing
about
the
Summer
Solstice
like
Nile
,
and
bringing
forth
all
things
growing
there
;
yet
small
,
and
without
Fruit.
It
runs
not
far
,
before
the
main
Stream
loseth
it self
among
the
blind
and
woody
Marsh
Grounds
,
a
small
Branch
whereof
mingleth
with
Cephisus
,
about
that
place
especially
where
the
Lake
is
thought
to
produce
the
best
Flute-reeds
.
Now
that
both
Armies
were
posted
near
each
other
,
Archelaus
lay
still
,
but
Sylla
fell
to
casting
up
Ditches
athwart
from
either
side
,
that
,
if
possible
,
by
cutting
the
Enemies
from
the
firm
and
open
Champagne
,
he
might
force
them
into
the
Fens
.
They
on
the
other
hand
,
not
enduring
this
,
but
at
the
Word
of
Command
,
issuing
out
furiously
in
full
Bodies
,
not
only
the
Men
at
work
were
dispersed
,
but
most
part
of
those
who
stood
in
Arms
to
justifie
the
Work
,
cast
themselves
disorderly
into
flight
.
Upon
this
Sylla
leaps
from
his
Horse
,
and
snatching
hold
of
an
Ensign
,
rusht
through
the
midst
of
the
Rout
upon
the
Enemy
,
crying
out
aloud
,
To
me
,
O
Romans
,
it
seems
glorious
to
fall
here
:
And
as
for
you
,
when
demanded
where
was
it
,
you
betrayed
your
General
,
remember
you
say
,
at
Orchomenus
.
His
men
Rallying
again
at
these
words
,
and
two
Cohorts
coming
to
his
succour
from
the
Right-Wing
,
he
gave
a
fierce
Onset
and
turn'd
the
Day
.
Then
retiring
some
few
Paces
back
,
and
refreshing
his
Men
,
he
came
on
again
to
block
up
the
Enemies
Camp
but
they
again
sallied
out
in
better
Order
than
before
.
Here
Diogenes
,
Son
in-law
to
Archelaus
,
having
fought
on
the
Right-Wing
with
much
Gallantry
,
made
an
Honourable
end
.
And
the
Archers
,
being
pressed
on
hard
by
the
Romans
,
and
wanting
space
for
a
retreat
,
took
their
Arrows
by
handfuls
,
and
striking
with
those
as
with
Swords
,
beat
them
back
.
In
the
end
they
were
all
shut
up
into
the
entrenchment
,
and
had
a
sorrowful
Night
of
it
,
by
reason
of
their
slain
and
wounded
.
The
next
day
again
Sylla
leading
forth
his
men
up
to
their
Quarters
,
went
on
finishing
the
Line
,
and
as
they
were
drawing
out
to
give
him
Battel
,
fell
on
,
and
putting
a
large
Party
of
them
to
the
rout
,
in
the
fright
they
were
in
,
none
daring
to
abide
,
he
took
the
Camp
by
force
,
whence
the
Marishes
were
filled
with
Bloud
,
and
the
Lake
with
dead
Bodies
,
insomuch
as
to
this
day
there
be
found
,
of
the
Barbarian
make
,
many
Bows
,
Helmets
,
pieces
of
Breast-plates
,
and
Swords
,
buried
deep
in
Mud
,
some
two
hundred
years
since
the
Fight
.
Thus
much
of
the
Action
,
of
Chaeronea
and
Orchomenus
.
Cinna
and
Narbo
at
Rome
,
using
injustice
and
violence
towards
Persons
of
the
greatest
Eminency
,
many
of
them
to
avoid
that
Tyranny
,
repaired
to
Sylla's
Camp
,
as
to
a
safe
Harbour
,
where
in
a
short
space
he
had
about
him
the
Majestick
face
of
a
Senate
.
Metella
likewise
having
with
difficulty
conveyed
her self
and
Children
away
by
stealth
,
brought
him
word
that
his
City
and
Country
houses
were
set
on
fire
by
the
Adversary
,
and
prayed
his
help
at
home
.
Whilst
he
was
in
doubt
what
to
do
,
being
impatient
to
hear
his
Country
abused
,
and
not
knowing
how
to
leave
so
great
a
work
,
as
the
Mithridatick-War
unfinished
,
comes
unto
him
Archelaus
,
a
Merchant
of
Delos
,
with
some
hopes
of
an
accommodation
,
and
private
instructions
from
Archelaus
the
King's
General
.
Sylla
lik'd
the
business
so
well
as
to
desire
a
speedy
conference
with
Archelaus
in
Person
,
and
had
a
meeting
at
Sea
on
that
side
of
Delos
,
where
the
Temple
of
Apollo
stands
.
When
Archelaus
began
to
propose
and
demand
of
Sylla
,
that
quitting
his
Pretensions
to
Asia
and
Pontus
,
he
should
set
sail
for
the
War
in
Rome
,
receiving
Money
and
Shipping
,
and
such
Forces
as
he
should
think
fitting
,
from
the
King
:
Sylla
interposing
,
bad
him
take
no
further
care
for
Mithridates
,
but
assume
the
Crown
to
himself
,
and
become
a
Confederate
of
Rome
,
delivering
up
the
Navy
.
Here
Archelaus
professing
his
abhorrence
of
Treason
,
Sylla
proceeded
:
Thou
,
O
Archelaus
,
Cappadocian
as
thou
art
,
and
Slave
(
on
,
if
it
so
please
thee
,
Friend
)
to
a
Barbarian
King
,
dost
thou
upon
such
vast
Considerations
scruple
any
thing
of
Baseness
?
and
to
me
Roman
General
and
Sylla
dar'st
talk
of
Treason
?
as
if
thou
wert
not
the
self
same
Archelaus
who
ran
away
at
Chaeronea
,
with
a
few
in
Company
,
the
Reliques
of
One
hundred
and
twenty
thousand
Men
;
who
lay
squat
for
two
days
in
the
Fens
of
Orchomenus
,
and
left
Baeotia
unpassable
for
heaps
of
dead
Carcases
.
Archelaus
,
chang'd
at
this
,
in
humble
manner
fell
at
his
Feet
,
beseeching
him
to
lay
aside
the
thoughts
of
War
,
and
make
Peace
with
Mithridates
.
Sylla
consenting
to
this
Request
,
Articles
of
Agreement
were
concluded
on
;
That
Mithridates
should
quit
Asia
and
Paphlagonia
,
restore
Bithynia
to
Nicomedes
,
Cappadocia
to
Ariobarzanes
,
and
pay
the
Romans
two
Thousand
Talents
,
and
give
him
seventy
Ships
of
War
,
with
all
their
Furniture
:
On
the
other
hand
,
That
Sylla
should
confirm
to
him
his
other
Dominions
,
and
declare
him
a
Roman
Confederate
.
On
these
terms
he
returned
by
the
way
of
Thessaly
and
Macedon
for
the
Helespont
,
having
Archelaus
with
him
in
great
esteem
.
For
Archelaus
being
taken
desperately
ill
at
Larissa
,
he
staid
the
March
of
the
Army
,
and
took
care
of
him
,
as
one
of
his
own
Captains
,
or
Joynt
Comander
in
Chief
.
This
gave
suspicion
of
foul
play
in
the
Business
of
Chaeronea
,
as
well
as
because
Sylla
had
discharged
all
the
Friends
of
Mithridates
,
taken
Prisoners
in
War
,
save
only
Aristion
the
Tyrant
,
whom
disaffected
to
Archelaus
,
he
made
away
by
Poison
;
but
more
especially
the
ten
Thousand
Acres
of
Baeotian
Land
,
given
to
a
Cappadocian
,
and
him
styled
by
Sylla
,
Friend
and
Allie
of
the
Romans
.
For
all
which
,
Sylla
apologizeth
in
his
Memoirs
.
The
Embassadors
of
Mithridates
arriving
,
and
withal
declaring
,
That
they
accepted
of
the
Conditions
,
only
Paphlagonia
they
could
not
part
with
,
and
as
for
the
Ships
,
they
knew
of
no
such
Capitulation
;
Sylla
in
a
rage
answered
,
What
say
you
;
does
Mithridates
then
with-hold
Paphlagonia
?
and
as
to
the
Ships
,
denies
he
that
Article
?
Whom
I
thought
to
have
seen
prostrate
at
my
foot
,
had
I
left
him
only
that
right
hand
of
his
,
which
cut
off
so
many
Romans
.
Sure
he
will
shortly
,
at
our
coming
over
into
Asia
,
speak
another
Language
;
in
the
mean
time
,
let
him
at
his
ease
in
Pergamus
,
sit
managing
a
War
which
he
never
saw
.
The
Embassadors
out
of
fear
stood
silent
by
,
but
Archelaus
with
humble
supplication
asswag'd
his
wrath
,
laying
gentle
hold
on
his
right
hand
and
weeping
;
in
the
conclusion
he
obtained
to
be
sent
Embassador
to
Mithridates
.
For
that
he
would
either
Mediate
a
Peace
,
to
the
satisfaction
of
Sylla
or
,
if
not
,
slay
himself
.
Sylla
having
thus
dispatched
him
away
,
made
an
Inroad
into
Media
,
and
after
wide
Depopulation
returned
back
again
into
Macedon
,
where
he
received
Archelaus
about
Philippi
,
bringing
word
that
all
things
were
well
,
and
moreover
that
Mithridates
earnestly
requested
an
interview
.
The
chief
cause
of
this
meeting
was
Fimbria
;
for
he
having
assassinated
Flaccus
the
Consul
,
one
holding
of
the
contrary
Faction
,
and
worsted
the
Mithridatick
Commanders
,
was
advancing
against
Mithridates
himself
,
who
fearing
this
,
chose
rather
to
enter
into
Alliance
with
Sylla
.
There
met
at
Dardanus
of
Troas
,
on
one
side
Mithridates
,
attended
with
two
hundred
Ships
compleatly
equipped
,
and
of
Land
forces
twenty
thousand
Men
of
Arms
,
two
thousand
Horse
,
and
a
large
train
of
Sythed-Chariots
:
on
the
other
,
Sylla
with
only
four
Cohorts
,
and
two
hundred
Horse
.
As
Mithridates
drew
near
and
put
out
his
hand
,
Sylla
demanded
,
Whether
he
was
willing
or
no
to
end
the
War
on
what
Archelaus
had
agreed
to
?
but
seeing
the
King
made
no
answer
,
Why
then
(
said
he
)
it
behoveth
the
distressed
to
speak
first
,
and
as
for
the
Conquerors
it
is
sufficient
to
give
audience
.
And
when
Mithridates
,
entering
upon
his
Plea
▪
began
slily
to
shift
off
the
War
,
partly
on
the
Gods
,
and
partly
to
blame
the
Romans
themselves
,
he
took
him
up
,
saying
,
That
he
had
heard
indeed
long
since
from
others
,
and
now
knew
it
himself
for
truth
,
that
Mithridates
was
a
powerful
speaker
,
who
to
set
off
such
foul
and
unjust
practices
,
wanted
not
for
handsome
pretences
.
Then
charging
him
with
,
and
inveighing
bitterly
against
outrages
by
him
committed
,
he
askt
again
,
Whether
he
was
willing
or
no
,
to
ratifie
the
Treaty
of
Archelaus
?
Mithridates
answering
in
the
affirmative
,
Sylla
ran
into
and
embracing
kissed
him
.
Not
long
after
he
introduced
Ariobarzanes
and
Nicomedes
,
the
two
Kings
,
and
made
them
all
Friends
.
Wherefore
Mithridates
,
when
he
had
furnisht
Sylla
with
seventy
Ships
,
and
500
Archers
,
set
sail
for
Pontus
.
Sylla
perceiving
the
Soldiers
to
be
dissatisfied
with
the
Peace
,
for
the
most
pernicious
of
Kings
,
and
one
who
had
caused
one
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
Romans
to
be
massacred
in
one
day
throughout
Asia
;
they
thought
it
a
heinous
thing
to
behold
him
sailing
out
with
the
Riches
and
Spoils
of
Asia
,
which
he
had
pillaged
,
and
put
under
contribution
for
the
space
of
four
years
;
)
alledged
,
that
he
was
not
able
to
have
made
head
against
Fimbria
and
Mithridates
,
had
they
both
withstood
him
in
Conjunction
.
Thence
he
arose
and
went
in
search
of
Fimbria
,
who
lay
with
the
Army
about
Thiatira
,
and
pitching
hard
by
,
began
to
fortifie
himself
with
a
Trench
.
The
Soldiers
of
Fimbria
came
out
in
their
single
Coats
,
and
saluting
his
men
,
lent
ready
assistance
to
the
work
,
which
change
Fimbria
beholding
,
and
withal
apprehending
Sylla
as
irreconcileable
,
laid
violent
hands
on
himself
in
the
Camp
.
Sylla
impos'd
on
Asia
in
general
a
Tax
of
twenty
thousand
Talents
,
and
particularly
wasted
each
Family
by
the
licentious
behaviour
,
and
long
residence
of
the
Soldiery
in
private
Quarters
.
For
he
ordained
,
that
every
Host
should
allow
himself
four
Tetradrachma's
each
day
,
and
moreover
entertain
him
,
and
as
many
Friends
as
he
should
invite
,
with
a
Supper
;
that
a
Centurion
should
receive
fifty
Drachma's
a
day
,
together
with
one
Sute
of
Clothes
to
wear
within
doors
,
and
another
when
he
went
abroad
.
Having
put
off
from
Ephesus
with
the
whole
Navy
,
he
came
the
third
day
to
Anchor
in
the
Pirean
Haven
.
Here
he
was
initiated
in
the
Mysteries
of
the
Goddess
Ceres
,
and
seizing
to
his
use
the
Library
of
Apellicon
a
Teian
,
in
which
were
most
of
Theophrastus
and
Aristotle's
Works
,
then
unknown
to
most
,
he
transported
the
same
to
Rome
.
It
's
said
,
That
Turannion
the
Grammarian
made
his
Collection
chiefly
from
hence
,
and
that
Andronicus
the
Rhodian
having
through
his
means
the
Command
of
divers
Copies
,
put
out
those
Heads
of
Treatises
which
be
common
now
in
every
Mans
hands
,
under
the
Title
of
Tables
.
The
ancient
Peripateticks
were
of
themselves
indeed
Men
of
Polite
and
Universal
Learning
;
but
of
all
the
Writings
of
Aristotle
and
Theophrastus
,
they
had
no
exact
knowledge
;
because
Theophrastus
bequeathing
his
Study
to
the
Heir
of
Neleus
Sceptius
,
these
happ'ned
to
fall
into
rude
and
illiterate
Hands
.
During
Sylla's
stays
about
Athens
,
there
fell
into
his
Feet
a
lumpish
benuming
Pain
,
which
Strabo
calls
,
the
first
fetterring
on
of
the
Gout
.
Wherefore
taking
a
Voyage
to
Adipsus
,
he
made
use
of
the
Hot
Waters
there
,
easing
his
thoughts
of
Care
likewise
,
and
merrily
passing
away
the
time
with
Drolls
.
As
he
was
walking
along
the
Sea-shore
,
certain
Fishermen
brought
him
a
lovely
Present
of
Fish
.
Being
taken
therewith
,
and
understanding
that
they
were
Men
of
Alaeae
,
What
,
said
he
,
be
there
any
of
Alaeae
surviving
?
(
For
having
won
the
Field
at
Archomenus
,
in
the
heat
of
a
Pursuit
he
had
destroyed
three
Cities
of
Baeotia
,
Anthedon
,
Larymna
,
and
Alaeae
.
)
The
Men
knowing
not
what
to
say
for
fear
,
Sylla
with
a
smiling
Countenance
bad
them
cheer
up
and
return
in
peace
,
as
who
had
brought
with
them
no
small
or
contemptible
Intercessors
.
The
Alaei
from
hence
took
Courage
,
and
embodying
,
re-entred
the
City
.
Sylla
having
march'd
through
Thessaly
,
and
Mecedon
,
down
to
the
Sea-coast
,
prepared
with
twelve
hundred
Vessels
to
cross
over
from
Dyrrachium
to
Brundisium
.
Not
far
from
hence
is
Appollonia
,
and
near
it
a
spot
of
Ground
dedicated
to
the
Nymphes
,
which
from
among
flowry
Dales
and
Meads
discovers
here
and
there
springs
of
Fire
continually
streaming
out
.
Here
,
they
say
,
was
a
Satyr
,
such
as
Statuaries
and
Painters
represent
,
found
sleeping
,
and
brought
before
Sylla
,
where
he
was
ask'd
by
several
Interpreters
who
he
was
,
when
with
much
ado
he
sent
forth
a
harsh
unintelligible
Noise
,
like
the
Neighing
of
a
Horse
,
and
crying
of
a
Goat
,
in
mixt
Consort
:
Sylla
dismay'd
at
it
,
turned
aside
in
detestation
.
At
the
point
of
Transportation
,
because
Sylla
was
concerned
,
least
at
the
first
setting
foot
upon
Italy
,
the
Army
should
dissolve
of
it self
one
by
one
among
the
Cities
,
they
of
their
own
accord
first
took
an
Oath
to
stand
firm
by
him
,
and
with
good-will
not
to
injure
Italy
;
then
seeing
him
straitned
for
a
round
summ
of
Money
,
they
readily
offered
their
assistance
,
and
contributed
each
Man
according
to
his
Ability
.
However
Sylla
would
not
accept
of
the
Benevolence
,
but
praising
their
Good-will
,
and
withall
rowzing
up
their
Courage
,
he
put
over
(
as
himself
writes
)
against
fifteen
Commanders
,
with
four
hundred
and
fifty
Cohorts
under
them
.
The
happy
success
of
Affairs
was
plainly
foretold
him
by
the
Divine
Power
;
for
as
he
was
sacrificing
at
his
first
landing
about
Tarentum
,
the
Liver
seemed
to
have
on
it
the
figure
of
a
Crown
of
Laurel
,
with
two
Labels
pendant
.
And
little
while
before
his
arrival
,
in
Campania
,
about
the
Mountain
Hephaeus
,
two
stately
Goats
were
seen
,
in
a
Rencounter
by
day
,
performing
like
Men
in
a
Battel
.
This
Apparition
rising
up
gradually
from
the
ground
,
dispersed
several
through
the
Heavens
,
like
to
fancied
Representations
in
the
Clouds
,
and
so
vanish'd
out
of
sight
.
Not
long
after
,
in
the
self-same
place
,
when
Martius
the
younger
,
and
Norbanus
the
Consul
attack'd
him
with
two
great
Armies
,
without
prescribing
the
Order
of
Battle
,
or
ranging
his
Men
according
to
their
Divisions
,
by
the
sway
only
of
one
common
Alacrity
and
Transport
of
Courage
,
he
overturn'd
the
Enemy
,
and
shut
up
Norbanus
into
the
City
of
Capua
,
with
the
loss
of
seven
thousand
of
his
Men.
This
was
the
reason
,
says
he
,
that
the
Soldiers
disbanded
not
throughout
the
Towns
,
but
stuck
close
together
,
and
despised
the
Enemy
,
though
infinitely
more
in
number
.
At
Silvium
(
as
he
himself
relates
it
)
there
met
him
a
Servant
of
Pontius
,
an
Enthusiast
,
saying
,
That
he
brought
him
the
power
of
the
Sword
and
Victory
from
Bellona
,
the
Goddess
of
War
;
and
if
he
hasted
not
,
that
the
Capitol
would
be
burnt
;
which
fell
out
on
the
same
day
the
Man
foretold
it
,
namely
on
the
sixth
day
of
the
Month
Quintilis
,
which
we
now
call
July
.
Moreover
,
at
Fidentia
,
Marcus
Lucullus
,
one
of
Sylla's
Commanders
,
reposed
such
confidence
in
the
sprightly
forwardness
of
the
Soldiers
,
as
to
dare
to
face
fifty
Cohorts
of
the
Enemy
,
with
only
sixteen
of
his
own
;
but
because
many
of
them
were
unarmed
,
delayed
the
Onset
.
As
he
stood
thus
in
gaze
,
considering
with
himself
,
a
gentle
gale
of
Wind
bearing
along
with
it
from
the
neighbouring
Meadows
,
an
innumerable
company
of
Flowers
,
threw
them
in
scatteringly
among
the
Army
;
which
falling
about
casually
,
and
resting
upon
the
Shields
and
Helmets
,
shew'd
them
to
the
Enemy
as
crown'd
with
Chaplets
.
Upon
this
being
further
animated
,
they
joyned
Battel
,
and
victoriously
slaying
eight
thousand
Men
,
took
the
Camp
.
This
Lucullus
was
Brother
to
that
Lucullus
who
in
after-times
conquered
Mithridates
and
Tygranes
.
Sylla
seeing
himself
surrounded
with
so
many
Armies
,
and
such
mighty
Powers
,
had
recourse
to
Art
,
inviting
Scipio
the
other
Consul
to
a
Treaty
of
Peace
.
The
Motion
was
willingly
embrac'd
,
and
thereupon
followed
several
Meetings
and
Consultations
,
in
all
which
Sylla
interposing
still
matter
of
delay
and
new
Pretences
,
in
the
mean
while
debauched
Scipio's
Men
by
Under-instruments
of
his
own
,
who
in
subtil
train
and
all
the
Methods
of
Inveigling
,
were
as
well
practised
as
the
General
himself
.
For
entring
into
the
Enemies
Quarters
,
and
intermixing
,
they
wrought
off
some
by
present
Money
,
some
by
Promises
,
others
by
fair
Words
and
Perswasions
;
so
as
in
the
end
,
when
Sylla
with
twenty
Cohorts
drew
near
,
they
came
forth
to
salute
him
,
leaving
Scipio
behind
them
in
his
Tent
,
where
he
was
found
all
alone
and
dismissed
.
Thus
Sylla
having
used
twenty
Cohorts
as
Stales
,
to
draw
in
forty
more
Cohorts
of
the
Enemy
,
led
them
all
back
into
the
Camp
.
On
this
occasion
Carbo
was
heard
to
say
,
That
having
a
Fox
and
a
Lion
in
the
Breast
of
Sylla
to
deal
with
,
he
was
plagued
most
with
the
Fox
.
Some
time
after
,
at
Signium
,
Marius
the
younger
,
with
eighty
five
Cohorts
,
offered
Battel
to
Sylla
,
who
was
extreamly
desirous
to
have
it
decided
on
that
very
day
;
for
the
night
before
he
had
seen
a
Vision
,
which
to
his
thoughts
represented
Marius
the
Elder
,
who
had
been
long
since
dead
,
advising
his
Son
Marius
to
beware
of
the
following
day
,
as
of
fatal
consequence
to
him
.
For
this
reason
Sylla
,
longing
to
come
to
a
Battel
,
sent
to
the
Camp
afar
off
for
Dolabella
.
But
because
the
Enemy
had
beset
and
lock'd
up
the
Passes
,
his
Soldiers
were
exceedingly
tired
by
Skirmishing
and
Marching
at
once
.
To
these
difficulties
was
added
moreover
tempestuous
rainy
Weather
,
which
distressed
them
most
of
all
;
wherefore
the
Principal
Leaders
came
to
Sylla
,
and
besought
him
to
defer
the
day
,
shewing
him
withall
how
the
Soldiers
lay
all
along
on
the
Ground
,
cast
down
with
Toil
,
and
leaning
upon
the
Target
.
When
with
much
difficulty
he
had
yielded
,
and
given
order
for
the
setling
of
the
Camp
,
they
had
no
sooner
begun
to
cast
up
a
Rampart
,
and
draw
a
Ditch
across
,
but
Marius
came
riding
up
furiously
at
the
Head
of
his
Troops
,
in
hopes
to
have
scattered
them
in
that
disorder
and
confusion
.
Here
the
Gods
fulfilled
Sylla's
Dream
:
For
the
Soldiers
stirred
up
with
anger
,
left
off
to
work
,
and
sticking
their
Piles
on
the
Bank
,
with
drawn
Swords
and
a
couragious
Shout
,
came
to
handy
blows
with
the
Enemy
,
who
made
but
small
resistance
,
and
were
miserably
slain
in
the
Flight
.
Marius
fled
to
Praeneste
,
but
finding
the
Gates
shut
,
tied
himself
round
by
a
Rope
,
that
was
thrown
down
to
him
,
and
was
taken
up
on
the
Walls
.
Some
there
are
(
as
Fenestella
for
one
)
who
affirm
that
Marius
knew
nothing
of
the
Fight
,
but
over-watch'd
and
spent
with
hard
Duty
,
had
reposed
himself
,
when
the
Signal
was
given
,
beneath
some
Shade
,
and
was
hardly
to
be
awakned
at
the
Flight
of
his
Men.
Sylla
(
according
to
his
own
account
)
lost
only
three
Men
in
this
Brush
,
having
killed
of
the
Enemy
,
twenty
thousand
,
and
taken
alive
eight
thousand
.
The
like
Success
had
others
of
his
Commanders
,
as
Pompey
,
Crassus
,
Metellus
,
Servilius
,
who
with
little
or
no
loss
cut
off
vast
numbers
of
the
Enemy
,
insomuch
as
Carbo
,
the
prime
Supporter
of
the
Cause
,
fled
by
night
from
his
Charge
of
the
Army
,
and
sailed
over
into
Libya
.
In
the
last
Encounter
,
the
Samnite
Telesinus
,
like
to
some
Champion
whose
lot
it
is
to
enter
last
of
all
into
the
List
,
and
take
up
the
wearied
Conqueror
,
came
nigh
to
have
foiled
and
overthrown
Sylla
before
the
Gates
of
Rome
.
For
Telesinus
with
his
second
Lamponius
the
Lucan
,
having
drawn
together
huge
Levies
of
Men
,
made
all
hast
toward
Praeneste
,
to
free
Marius
from
the
Siege
;
but
perceiving
Sylla
at
the
Head
of
him
,
and
Pompey
in
the
Tail
,
both
making
violently
at
him
,
streightned
thus
before
and
behind
,
he
,
as
a
valiant
and
expert
Soldier
,
arose
by
night
,
and
marching
directly
with
his
whole
Army
,
had
like
to
have
fallen
unexpectedly
into
Rome
it self
.
He
lay
that
night
before
the
City
,
some
ten
Furlongs
off
from
the
Gate
Collatina
,
all
jocund
and
swoln
with
further
Hopes
,
as
having
already
bafled
so
many
eminent
Commanders
by
Stratagem
:
At
break
of
day
being
charged
by
the
Noble
Youth
of
the
City
,
among
many
others
,
he
overthrew
Appius
Claudius
,
a
Person
renowned
for
Nobleness
of
Blood
and
Valour
.
The
City
,
as
it
is
easie
to
imagine
,
was
all
in
an
Uproar
,
the
Women
shrieking
and
running
about
,
as
if
he
had
been
entred
forcibly
by
Assault
,
till
at
last
Balbus
advanced
,
with
seven
hundred
Horse
on
full
speed
,
and
after
some
small
halt
made
for
rubbing
and
bridling
again
,
fell
into
skirmish
with
the
Enemy
.
In
the
mean
time
Sylla
appeared
,
and
commanding
the
formost
to
take
refreshment
,
drew
into
order
.
Dolabella
and
Torquatus
were
extreme
earnest
with
him
to
desist
a
while
,
and
not
with
spent
Forces
to
hazard
the
whole
sum
of
Affairs
,
having
before
them
in
the
Field
not
Carbo
or
Marius
,
but
two
warlike
Nations
,
bearing
immortal
hatred
to
Rome
,
the
Samnites
and
Lucans
to
grapple
with
;
but
he
put
them
by
,
and
commanded
the
Trumpets
to
sound
a
Charge
,
about
four
a
Clock
in
the
afternoon
.
In
this
Conflict
,
which
was
the
sharpest
as
ever
was
,
the
Right-wing
,
where
Crassus
stood
embattelled
,
had
clearly
the
advantage
;
the
Left
was
overcharged
,
and
in
a
declining
condition
,
when
Sylla
came
to
its
succour
,
mounted
on
a
white
Courser
,
full
of
mettle
,
and
exceeding
swift
of
foot
,
which
two
of
the
Enemy
knowing
him
by
,
had
their
Lances
in
a
readiness
to
cast
;
but
this
Gentleman
giving
the
Horse
a
touch
,
he
was
,
unknown
to
himself
,
so
far
advanced
,
as
that
the
Points
falling
beside
the
Horse-tail
,
stuck
in
the
Ground
.
There
goes
a
Story
,
That
having
a
golden
Image
of
Apollo
from
Delphos
,
he
was
always
wont
in
the
day
of
Battel
to
carry
it
about
him
in
his
Bosom
,
and
that
then
he
kissed
it
,
with
these
words
:
O
Apollo
Pythius
,
the
Fortunate
Cornelius
Sylla
,
whom
in
so
many
Battels
thou
hast
raised
to
Honour
and
Greatness
,
wilt
thou
now
cast
down
,
bringing
him
before
the
Gate
of
his
Country
,
to
perish
shamefully
with
his
Fellow
Citizens
?
After
he
had
thus
addressed
himself
to
the
God
,
some
of
his
Men
he
intreated
,
some
he
threatned
,
and
others
he
laid
hold
on
,
till
at
length
the
left
Wing
being
wholly
shattered
,
he
was
forc'd
in
Company
of
the
Rout
to
betake
himself
to
the
Camp
,
having
lost
many
of
his
Friends
and
Acquaintance
;
many
likewise
of
the
City-spectators
were
trod
to
Death
.
So
as
Common
Fame
gave
the
City
for
taken
,
and
had
like
to
have
raised
the
Siege
of
Praeneste
;
many
who
escaped
by
Flight
posting
thither
,
and
advising
Lucretius
Offella
(
who
was
appointed
to
keep
on
the
Siege
)
to
rise
in
all
haste
,
for
that
Sylla
was
defeated
,
and
Rome
fallen
into
the
Hands
of
the
Enemy
.
About
Midnight
there
came
into
Sylla's
Camp
Messengers
from
Crassus
,
to
fetch
Provision
for
him
and
his
Soldiers
;
for
having
vanquish'd
the
Enemy
,
they
pursu'd
him
to
the
Walls
of
Antemna
,
and
had
sat
down
there
.
Sylla
hearing
this
,
and
that
most
of
the
Enemy
were
destroyed
,
came
to
Antemna
by
break
of
day
,
where
three
Thousand
of
the
Besieged
having
sent
forth
a
Herald
,
he
promis'd
to
receive
them
to
Mercy
,
on
condition
they
did
the
Enemy
mischief
in
their
coming
over
.
Trusting
to
his
Word
,
they
fell
foul
on
the
rest
of
their
Companions
,
and
made
a
great
Slaughter
one
of
another
;
but
however
Sylla
gathered
together
in
the
Cirque
,
as
well
those
as
others
of
the
remaining
party
,
to
the
number
of
seven
Thousand
,
and
as
he
was
speaking
to
the
Senate
in
the
Temple
of
Bellona
,
causeth
them
all
to
be
slain
,
by
Men
appointed
for
that
Service
.
The
cry
,
as
must
needs
be
,
of
so
vast
a
multitude
put
to
the
Sword
,
in
so
narrow
a
space
,
flying
abroad
and
startling
the
Senators
;
he
,
as
he
was
speaking
,
with
a
secure
unconcern'd
Countenance
,
bad
them
listen
to
what
he
had
to
say
,
and
not
busie
themselves
with
what
was
a
doing
without
doors
;
for
himself
had
ordered
the
Chastisement
of
a
few
naughty
People
.
This
gave
the
most
stupid
of
the
Romans
to
understand
,
that
they
had
made
an
exchange
only
of
Tyrannical
Government
,
not
a
change
.
Marius
,
being
in
himself
austere
,
altered
not
,
but
confirmed
Nature
by
Authority
;
whereas
Sylla
behaving
himself
moderately
and
prudently
at
first
,
and
giving
good
hopes
of
a
true
Patriot
,
firm
to
the
Interests
both
of
the
Nobility
and
Commonalty
,
being
moreover
of
a
gay
pleasant
humour
from
his
youth
,
and
of
such
a
melting
compassionate
disposition
,
as
to
weep
easily
,
has
perhaps
deservedly
cast
a
Blemish
upon
the
higher
Offices
of
State
,
as
if
these
put
us
beside
our
former
course
of
Life
,
and
were
occasion
of
Folly
,
Pride
,
Inhumanity
.
This
whether
it
be
real
change
,
and
new
frame
of
Mind
,
arising
from
Fortune
,
or
rather
a
malicious
sly
Nature
,
discovering
it self
in
Authority
,
to
decide
were
matter
of
another
sort
of
Disquisition
.
Now
that
Sylla
was
wholly
bent
upon
,
slaughter
,
and
filled
the
Town
incessantly
with
infinite
Executions
,
(
many
disinteressed
Persons
falling
a
Sacrifice
to
private
Enmity
,
through
his
permission
and
indulgence
to
a
Party
)
Cajus
Metellus
,
one
of
the
Noble
Youths
,
made
bold
in
the
Senate
to
ask
him
,
what
ends
was
there
of
those
Evils
,
and
where
he
intended
to
stop
?
We
pray
thee
not
(
said
he
)
to
pardon
such
as
thou
hast
resolved
to
destroy
,
but
to
free
from
doubt
such
as
it
hath
pleased
thee
to
save
.
Sylla
answering
,
That
he
knew
not
as
yet
whom
to
spare
:
Why
then
(
said
he
)
tell
us
whom
thou
wilt
punish
.
This
Sylla
said
he
would
do
.
Those
last
Words
,
as
some
Authors
would
have
it
,
were
spoken
not
by
Metellus
,
but
by
Offidius
,
one
of
Sylla's
fawning
Companions
.
Immediately
upon
this
,
without
imparting
the
matter
to
the
Magistracy
,
Sylla
proscrib'd
eighty
Persons
,
and
notwithstanding
the
generality
of
Men
stomach'd
it
,
after
one
days
respite
he
posted
two
hundred
and
twenty
more
,
and
on
the
third
again
as
many
.
In
an
Harangue
to
the
People
on
this
occasion
,
he
told
them
he
had
put
up
as
many
Names
as
he
could
think
of
;
and
those
who
had
escaped
his
memory
,
he
should
hereafter
proclaim
.
He
publish'd
an
Edict
likewise
,
making
Death
the
Punishment
of
Humanity
,
to
any
one
who
should
dare
to
receive
and
cherish
an
Outlaw
,
without
exception
to
Brother
,
Son
,
or
Parents
.
And
to
him
who
should
slay
any
one
proscribed
Person
,
he
ordained
two
Talents
,
as
a
Reward
of
Parricide
,
whether
it
were
a
Slave
,
who
had
beat
out
the
Brains
of
his
Master
,
or
a
Son
his
Fathers
.
But
what
was
most
unjust
of
all
,
he
cause'd
the
Attainder
to
pass
upon
their
Sons
,
and
Sons
Sons
,
and
made
open
sale
of
the
Goods
of
them
all
;
nor
reign'd
the
Proscription
only
at
Rome
,
but
throughout
all
the
Cities
of
Italy
,
where
the
Effusion
of
Blood
was
such
,
as
neither
the
Temples
of
the
Gods
,
nor
Sanctuaries
,
nor
private
Houses
,
escaped
clear
;
Men
were
butchered
in
the
Embraces
of
their
Wives
,
Children
in
the
Arms
of
their
Mothers
.
They
who
fell
thus
through
publick
hatred
,
or
private
spleen
,
were
nothing
in
comparison
of
the
numbers
of
those
who
suffer'd
for
their
Riches
.
The
Assassin
might
safely
say
,
A
fair
House
killed
this
Man
,
a
Garden
that
,
a
third
his
Hot
Baths
.
Quintus
Aurelius
,
a
quiet
peaceable
Man
,
and
one
who
thought
it
his
Duty
to
bear
a
part
in
the
common
Calamity
,
so
far
as
to
condole
the
Misfortunes
of
others
,
coming
into
the
Forum
,
and
finding
himself
among
those
who
were
set
up
,
cried
out
,
Woe
's
me
,
my
Alban
,
Mannor
has
informed
against
me
.
He
had
not
gone
far
,
before
he
was
dispatched
by
a
Ruffian
sent
on
that
Errand
.
In
the
mean
time
Marius
on
the
point
of
being
taken
,
killed
himself
.
Sylla
at
his
first
coming
to
Praeneste
,
proceeded
judicially
against
each
particular
Person
,
till
at
last
,
finding
it
a
Work
of
too
much
time
,
he
cooped
them
up
close
together
in
one
place
,
to
the
number
of
two
and
twenty
thousand
Men
,
and
gave
order
for
the
Execution
of
them
all
,
his
Hoast
only
excepted
;
but
he
brave
Man
,
scorning
the
Obligation
of
Life
it self
,
from
the
Hands
of
one
who
had
been
the
Ruine
of
his
Country
,
plung'd
into
the
Herd
,
and
submitted
willingly
to
the
Stroke
.
That
of
Lucius
Catilina
was
a
rare
Contrivance
:
For
before
Matters
came
to
an
issue
,
having
made
away
his
Brother
,
he
beseeched
Sylla
to
clap
him
into
the
List
of
Outlawry
,
as
living
,
and
was
so
;
wherefore
Catiline
,
to
return
the
kind
Office
,
assassinated
Marius
,
one
of
the
adverse
Party
,
and
brought
the
Head
to
Sylla
,
as
he
was
sitting
in
the
Court
of
Judicature
;
then
going
to
the
Holy
Water
of
Apollo
,
which
was
nigh
,
wash'd
his
Hands
.
There
were
other
things
beside
matter
of
Tragedy
,
which
gave
offence
:
for
Sylla
had
declared
himself
Dictator
,
whereas
that
Form
of
Government
had
then
been
laid
aside
for
the
space
of
one
hundred
and
twenty
years
.
There
was
likewise
an
Act
of
Grace
passed
on
his
behalf
,
granting
Impunity
for
what
was
past
,
and
for
the
future
entrusting
him
with
the
Power
of
the
Sword
,
Confiscations
,
Trasplanting
of
Colonies
,
erecting
and
demolishing
of
Cities
,
taking
away
of
Kingdoms
,
and
bestowing
them
at
pleasure
.
He
managed
the
Sale
of
Conficsated
Goods
after
such
an
arbitrary
imperious
way
,
seated
on
a
Chair
of
State
,
amidst
beautiful
Women
,
Mimicks
,
Fidlers
,
and
such
like
rascally
People
,
on
whom
he
squandred
away
the
Revenues
of
whole
Countries
and
Cities
,
bestowing
on
some
of
them
Ladies
in
Marriage
against
their
will
;
so
as
his
Gratuities
were
much
more
intolerable
than
his
Usurpations
.
Having
a
mind
to
assure
Pompey
the
Great
by
a
nearer
Tie
of
Bloud
,
he
commanded
him
to
make
void
the
Nuptial
Bed
,
and
forcing
Aemilia
(
the
Daughter
of
Scaurus
and
Metella
,
his
own
Wife
)
from
Marcus
Glabrio
,
he
bestowed
her
,
great
with
Child
,
on
him
;
but
she
died
in
Labour
at
Pompey's
House
.
When
Lucretius
Offella
,
the
same
who
reduced
Marius
by
Siege
,
put
in
and
push'd
his
Fortune
hard
for
the
Consulship
,
he
first
forbad
him
;
then
seeing
he
could
not
restrain
him
from
coming
down
into
the
Forum
,
with
a
numerous
Train
of
followers
,
he
commanded
a
Centurion
of
the
Guards
out
and
slew
him
,
himself
sitting
on
the
Bench
in
the
Temple
of
Castor
,
and
beholding
the
Murder
from
above
.
The
Citizens
apprehending
the
Centurion
,
and
dragging
him
to
the
Tribunal
,
he
bad
them
cease
tumultuous
clamouring
,
and
let
go
the
Centurion
,
for
he
had
commanded
it
.
His
Triumph
,
tho'
of
it self
exceeding
stately
,
and
set
off
with
the
unusual
Pomp
,
and
Magnificence
of
Royal
Spoils
,
was
yet
further
illustrated
,
and
drew
after
it
a
goodly
Spectacle
,
the
Exiles
.
For
in
the
Reer
followed
the
most
eminent
and
most
potent
of
the
Citizens
,
Crowned
with
Garlands
,
and
calling
Sylla
,
Saviour
and
Father
,
by
whose
means
they
were
restored
to
their
own
Country
,
and
again
enjoyed
their
Wives
and
Children
.
When
the
Solemnity
was
over
,
and
the
time
come
to
render
an
Account
of
his
Actions
,
in
a
Publick
Assembly
,
he
was
as
punctual
in
innumerating
the
lucky
hits
of
War
,
as
any
of
his
own
Military
Vertues
.
And
from
his
Faelicity
it
was
,
that
he
made
choice
to
be
Surnamed
Felix
.
In
his
Addresses
and
Answers
to
the
Graecians
,
he
styled
himself
,
Epaphroditus
,
or
Beloved
of
Venus
.
His
Trophies
which
are
still
extant
with
us
,
bear
this
Inscription
,
Lucius
Cornelius
Sylla
Epaphroditus
.
Moreover
when
his
Wife
had
brought
him
forth
twins
,
he
named
the
Male
Faustus
,
and
the
Female
Fausta
;
by
which
words
the
Romans
understand
Success
and
Good
Omen
.
The
Confidence
which
he
reposed
in
his
good
Genius
,
rather
than
in
any
Abilities
of
his
own
,
emboldned
him
,
though
deeply
engaged
in
Blood
,
after
such
great
Changes
and
Revolutions
of
State
,
to
lay
down
his
Authority
,
and
settle
the
Right
of
Consular
Elections
once
more
on
the
People
.
So
that
he
not
only
came
abroad
,
but
on
the
Forum
exposed
his
Person
publickly
to
the
People
,
walking
up
and
down
as
a
private
Man
.
And
whereas
,
contrary
to
his
will
,
a
certain
bold
Man
,
and
his
Enemy
,
Marcus
Lepidus
,
was
in
Election
to
be
Consul
,
not
by
his
own
Interest
,
but
by
the
Power
and
Sollicitation
of
Pompey
,
who
was
extream
gracious
with
the
People
;
when
the
business
was
over
,
seeing
Pompey
going
home
overjoyed
with
the
Success
,
he
called
him
to
him
,
and
said
,
Was
it
not
politickly
done
of
you
,
Young
man
to
pass
by
Catulus
the
best
of
Men
,
and
chuse
Lepidus
the
worst
?
Take
heed
,
and
look
to
thy self
,
or
the
Adversary
thou
hast
raised
will
be
too
hard
for
thee
.
Sylla
spoke
this
it
may
seem
by
Divine
Instinct
,
for
not
long
after
Lepidus
grew
insolent
,
and
broke
into
open
defiance
with
Pompey
.
Sylla
consecrating
the
Tenth
of
his
whole
Substance
unto
Hercules
,
entertain'd
the
People
with
sumptuous
Feastings
.
The
Provision
was
so
much
above
what
was
necessary
,
as
that
they
were
forced
daily
to
throw
great
quantities
of
it
into
the
River
,
and
drank
Wine
forty
years
old
and
upward
.
In
the
midst
of
the
Jollity
,
which
lasted
many
days
,
Metella
died
of
a
Disease
.
Now
because
that
the
Priest
forbad
him
to
visit
the
Sick
,
or
suffer
his
House
to
be
polluted
with
Mourning
,
he
sent
her
a
Bill
of
Divorce
,
and
caused
her
to
be
removed
into
another
House
,
whilst
alive
;
in
this
he
observed
the
Law
to
a
Tittle
,
out
of
Religious
Superstition
;
but
as
for
the
Retrenching
Act
which
himself
made
,
himself
break
it
,
sparing
for
no
Funeral
Cost
.
He
trangressed
likewise
for
his
own
Sumptuary
Laws
,
thinking
to
allay
his
Grief
by
excessive
Drinking
and
Revelling
.
Some
few
Months
after
,
at
a
Prize
of
Gladiators
,
when
Men
and
Women
sat
promiscuously
in
the
Theatre
,
no
distinct
Places
being
as
yet
appointed
,
there
sat
by
Sylla
a
beautiful
Lady
of
high
Birth
,
by
name
Valeria
,
Daughter
of
Messala
,
and
Sister
to
Hortensius
the
Orator
.
Now
it
hapned
that
she
had
been
lately
divorced
from
her
Husband
.
The
same
came
gently
behind
Sylla
,
and
putting
out
her
Hand
,
plucked
a
lock
of
his
Garment
,
and
then
passed
on
to
her
Seat
again
.
Sylla
looking
on
and
wondring
what
it
should
mean
;
No
harm
,
Mighty
Sir
,
(
said
she
)
for
that
I
also
was
desirous
to
partake
a
little
of
your
Felicity
.
It
appeared
straight
that
Sylla
was
well
pleased
,
and
even
tickled
with
the
Fancy
;
for
the
sent
to
enquire
her
Name
,
her
Quality
,
and
Behaviour
of
Life
.
From
this
time
there
passed
between
them
many
an
amorous
Glance
,
both
of
them
at
once
oftentimes
turning
one
on
another
,
and
interchanging
Smiles
.
In
the
end
Overtures
were
made
,
and
a
Match
concluded
on
.
All
which
was
innocent
perhaps
on
the
Ladies
sides
;
but
though
the
Lady
was
never
so
modest
and
Vertuous
,
it
was
no
such
modest
and
seemly
beginning
of
Love
in
Sylla
,
to
take
fire
,
as
became
Youth
rather
,
at
a
Face
,
and
buxom
Humour
,
those
common
Incentives
to
the
most
disorderly
and
shameless
Passions
.
Notwithstanding
this
Marriage
,
he
kept
company
with
Actors
,
Actresses
,
and
Minstrels
,
drinking
with
them
night
and
day
.
His
chief
Favourites
were
,
Roscius
the
Comedian
,
Sorex
the
Arch-Mimick
,
and
Metrobius
the
Woman
Actor
,
for
whom
,
though
past
his
Prime
,
he
ever
retained
a
profest
Kindness
.
He
fell
by
these
Courses
into
a
Disease
,
which
grew
so
leasurely
upon
him
,
as
of
a
long
time
he
perceived
not
his
Bowels
to
fester
,
till
at
length
the
corrupted
Flesh
broke
all
out
into
Lice
.
Many
being
employed
Day
and
Night
in
destroying
them
,
the
Work
so
multiplied
under
their
hands
,
as
not
only
his
Cloaths
,
Baths
,
Basons
,
but
his
very
Meat
was
polluted
with
that
Flux
and
Contagion
,
they
came
swarming
out
in
such
numbers
.
Wherefore
he
went
often
by
day
into
the
Waters
,
to
scowr
and
cleanse
his
Body
,
but
all
in
vain
;
the
Course
returned
so
quick
,
and
with
such
numerous
Supplies
,
as
overcame
all
manner
of
Riddance
.
There
died
of
the
Lowsie
Disease
,
amongst
those
of
ancient
note
,
Acastus
the
Son
of
Pelias
;
of
later
date
,
Alcman
the
Poet
,
Pherecides
the
Theologe
,
Callisthenes
the
Olyntian
in
the
time
of
his
Imprisonment
,
as
also
Mutius
the
Lawyer
;
and
if
it
be
fit
to
bring
in
Men
of
infamous
Memory
,
Eunus
the
Fugitive
,
who
stirred
up
the
Slaves
of
Sicily
to
rebel
against
their
Masters
;
after
that
,
he
was
brought
Captive
to
Rome
,
died
of
this
creeping
Sickness
.
Sylla
not
only
foresaw
his
End
,
but
also
writ
somewhat
concerning
it
;
for
in
the
two
and
twentieth
Book
of
his
Memoirs
,
which
he
finished
some
two
days
before
his
death
,
he
writes
,
That
the
Chaldeans
foretold
him
,
That
after
he
had
led
a
Life
of
Honour
,
he
should
conclude
the
last
Act
in
fulness
of
Prosperity
.
He
declares
moreover
,
That
in
a
Vision
he
had
seen
his
Son
,
who
had
departed
not
long
before
Metella
,
to
stand
by
in
mournful
Weeds
,
and
beseech
his
Father
to
cast
off
further
care
,
and
come
along
with
him
to
his
Mother
Metella
,
there
to
live
at
ease
and
quietness
with
her
.
However
,
he
could
not
refrain
intermedling
in
Publick
Affairs
;
for
ten
days
before
his
decease
,
he
composed
the
Differences
of
the
Puteolaxians
,
and
prescribed
Laws
for
their
better
Government
;
and
the
very
day
before
his
End
,
it
being
told
him
that
Cranius
a
Man
in
Authority
,
deferred
the
Payment
of
a
Publick
Debt
,
in
expectation
of
his
Death
,
he
sent
for
the
Man
to
his
House
,
and
calling
his
Servants
about
him
,
caused
him
to
be
strangled
;
but
through
the
straining
of
his
Voice
and
Body
,
the
Imposthume
breaking
,
he
cast
forth
a
great
quantity
of
Bloud
.
Upon
this
his
strength
failing
him
,
after
a
troublesome
Night
he
died
,
leaving
behind
him
two
young
Children
by
Metella
.
Valeria
was
afterwards
delivered
of
a
Daughter
,
named
Posthuma
;
for
so
the
Romans
call
those
who
be
born
after
the
Fathers
Death
.
Many
ran
tumultuously
together
,
and
join'd
with
Lepidus
,
to
deprive
the
Corps
of
the
accustomed
Solemnities
;
but
Pompey
,
though
offended
at
Sylla
,
(
for
he
alone
of
all
his
Friends
was
left
out
of
his
Will
)
having
kept
off
some
by
his
Interest
and
Intreaty
,
others
by
Menaees
,
gave
it
a
secure
and
honourable
Burial
.
It
's
said
,
that
the
Roman
Ladies
threw
on
such
vast
heaps
of
Spices
,
as
beside
what
was
brought
in
one
hundred
and
ten
Vessels
,
sufficed
to
raise
a
large
Statue
for
Sylla
,
and
another
for
his
Lictor
,
out
of
the
precious
Frankincense
and
Cinnamon
.
The
day
being
Cloudy
over
head
,
they
deferred
carrying
forth
the
Corps
till
about
three
in
the
Afternoon
,
expecting
it
should
rain
,
but
a
strong
Wind
blowing
full
against
the
Funeral
Pile
,
and
setting
it
all
on
a
bright
Flame
,
his
Body
was
consumed
in
a
moment
.
As
the
Pile
shrunk
down
and
the
Fire
was
upon
expiring
the
Clouds
showr'd
down
,
and
continued
raining
till
Night
;
so
as
his
good
Fortune
was
firm
even
to
the
last
,
and
did
as
it
were
officiate
at
his
Funeral
.
His
Monument
stands
on
Campus
Martius
,
with
an
Epitaph
of
his
own
Writing
.
The
Substance
this
,
That
neither
Friend
nor
Foe
had
out-done
him
,
either
in
good
or
bad
turns
.