THE
FIRST
BOOK
.
CHAP.
I
The
state
of
EVROPB
towards
the
end
of
the
precedent
Age.
THE
Romane
Empyre
enjoyed
a
profound
Peace
,
France
,
Italy
,
Spaine
,
Lorraine
,
and
the
Gallicane
or
French
Provinces
of
the
Low-Countries
,
began
to
respire
by
the
Peace
of
Vervix
,
All
the
Partialities
of
the
League
grew
to
be
smoothered
by
the
prudence
of
that
Gaulish
Hercules
.
The
Romane
Catholicks
,
HENRY
Fourth
.
and
they
of
the
Reformed
Religion
,
with
an
agreeable
harmony
(
to
one
anothers
grief
)
testified
their
fidelity
to
their
magnanimous
Prince
,
and
to
please
him
the
more
,
bestowed
all
their
hatred
upon
his
service
,
and
their
grudges
,
upon
the
glory
of
their
Country
.
The
Germans
,
under
the
government
of
Maximilian
,
Nephew
to
the
Emperour
Charles
,
and
Rodolph
his
son
(
both
meek
Princes
)
no
more
remembred
the
calamities
,
which
they
had
suffored
through
the
difference
about
matter
of
Religion
:
Nor
knew
they
now
,
what
belonged
to
war
,
but
by
hear-say
and
report
:
for
if
by
accident
they
saw
any
souldiers
listed
,
they
were
appointed
for
France
,
or
the
Low-Countries
.
The
Forces
of
the
Dubos
des
deux
Ponts
,
of
Prince
William
of
Orange
,
of
Casimir
,
and
of
the
Duke
of
Brunsmick
,
The
Battell
of
Anolt
.
were
soon
,
the
one
to
be
cut
in
pieces
by
the
Duke
of
Guise
,
and
the
other
,
after
,
having
committed
great
extravagances
,
and
made
shamefull
compositions
,
to
return
with
confusion
.
This
part
whereof
only
,
which
came
into
the
Bishopprick
of
Colein
,
to
interrupt
the
marriage
of
their
Electour
,
proved
not
despisable
,
Frances
married
fair
Agnes
of
Mansfeld
.
and
had
almost
kindled
a
great
fire
:
but
it
passed
not
over
the
Lisiere
,
and
was
quenched
in
the
waters
of
the
Rheyn
,
by
the
valour
of
the
Duke
of
Parma
.
And
so
,
by
a
good
understanding
of
the
Members
with
their
Head
,
there
returned
a
Calme
:
I
mean
,
of
the
Electours
,
and
Princes
,
with
their
Emperour
.
Fear
was
taken
away
;
but
distrust
,
(
which
casts
her
roots
every
where
amongst
pleasures
caused
by
abundance
)
was
not
rooted
out
.
This
hath
smothered
the
good
Corn
(
as
we
shall
hereafter
shew
)
and
dried
up
the
fat
of
these
rich
Provinces
;
and
that
Germany
,
which
was
so
formidable
to
the
whole
world
would
not
have
since
been
seen
so
miserably
torne
in
pieces
,
if
she
had
known
how
to
keep
her self
in
unity
,
and
concord
.
Now
,
this
desirable
Aurora
had
chased
away
the
darknesse
of
the
night
;
this
Peace
had
lulled
asleep
the
better
part
of
Europe
,
and
the
War
was
retired
towards
the
extremities
,
or
uttermost
ends
thereof
;
as
that
at
Sea
between
the
Spaniards
and
the
English
;
The
Low-countries
the
Academy
of
the
Wars
.
the
Poles
,
and
the
Swedes
;
the
Hungarians
,
and
the
Turks
.
But
it
was
principally
in
the
Low-Countries
,
where
it
had
fixed
its
Seate
and
Schoole
.
It
was
(
I
say
)
in
this
little
corner
near
the
Sea
,
amongst
great
Rivers
,
and
inaccessible
Fennes
and
Marishes
,
where
it
set
up
its
Academy
,
so
to
render
the
Discipline
thereof
immortall
.
In
effect
,
great
spirits
not
being
able
to
live
at
home
in
sloth
and
idlenesse
,
and
inflamed
with
a
laudable
desire
of
making
themselves
famous
in
Arms
,
for
the
acquisition
of
glory
,
hastened
thither
from
all
parts
,
there
to
make
their
Apprentisage
;
and
some
following
the
humour
of
their
Prince
,
and
others
the
interest
of
Religion
,
ranged
themselves
on
that
side
,
to
which
their
zeal
addicted
them
.
How
,
because
from
the
knowledge
of
the
Revolutions
of
the
precedent
Age
,
are
drawne
the
truest
causes
and
motives
of
the
bloody
and
terrible
Tiagedies
,
which
are
yet
a
playing
in
this
of
ours
;
we
will
reprize
our
Discourse
from
the
head
,
and
having
reached
the
source
,
follow
the
brooks
,
and
rivers
,
till
we
come
into
that
Sea
of
calamities
and
miseries
,
wherein
we
see
poor
Christians
ingulfed
at
this
day
;
who
cannot
truly
call
themselves
any
more
the
Disciples
of
their
Master
Jesus
Christ
,
since
they
have
exterminated
Peace
,
and
brought
confusion
,
dissentions
and
disorders
upon
themselves
.
It
is
therefore
this
abominable
Age
,
whereof
the
Scripture
so
clearely
speaks
:
This
is
that
Kingdome
of
Iron
,
which
shivers
and
subdues
all
things
.
The
seven
Angels
have
powred
down
their
Vials
upon
the
earth
,
which
is
filled
with
blasphemy
,
massacres
,
injustices
,
disloyalties
,
and
infinite
other
evills
,
almost
able
to
draw
even
the
very
Elect
to
murmuration
.
We
have
seen
,
and
yet
see
,
Kingdome
against
Kingdome
,
Nation
against
Nation
,
Plagues
,
Famines
,
Earthquakes
,
horrible
Inundations
;
signes
in
the
Sun
,
Moon
,
and
Starres
:
anguishes
,
afflictions
of
whole
Nations
,
through
the
tempests
,
and
noise
of
the
Sea
.
And
whereas
the
Trees
,
by
thrusting
forth
their
buds
,
give
us
assurance
of
the
approach
of
Summer
;
in
like
manner
,
will
I
be
bold
to
say
,
that
since
those
things
are
come
to
passe
,
which
have
been
foretold
us
,
we
ought
not
to
make
any
difficulty
to
believe
,
that
the
End
is
at
hand
,
and
that
the
Son
of
man
is
coming
in
a
Cloud
,
with
Power
and
Majesty
.
O
Great
God!
Inexhaustible
source
of
goodnesse
,
and
mercy
!
guide
thou
my
pen
,
to
the
end
that
it
say
nothing
but
what
is
modestly
true
;
to
the
confusion
of
Atheists
,
and
the
consolation
of
the
Elect.
Let
us
therefore
begin
at
that
miserable
Kingdome
,
the
better
part
whereof
,
which
makes
the
extremity
and
bound
(
as
it
were
)
to
Europe
,
groanes
at
this
time
under
the
tyranny
of
Turks
and
Infidels
.
CHAP.
II
Of
the
Warre
of
Hungary
.
The
Death
of
the
Duke
of
Mercoeur
.
From
whence
came
the
Inhabitants
of
Transylvania
.
NOw
since
we
must
kindle
our
Torch
in
the
age
past
,
which
is
to
light
us
in
the
labyrinth
of
this
of
ours
,
I
will
take
notice
by
the
way
of
the
chief
exploits
,
and
will
begin
from
the
Kingdom
of
Hungarie
,
the
Then●er
,
or
Stage
of
the
Warre
of
the
Ottomans
.
This
kingdome
is
most
fertile
in
all
the
blessings
of
the
earth
,
as
in
Corne
,
in
most
excellent
Wines
,
in
Gold
,
The
fertility
of
Hungary
.
Silver
,
and
all
other
mettals
.
In
such
sori
,
as
that
some
Authors
have
presumed
to
prefer
it
before
all
the
rest
of
Europe
.
At
present
,
the
greatest
part
of
it
acknowledges
the
Turk
;
another
is
grown
desert
by
the
insolencie
of
the
Souldiers
;
and
that
which
lies
next
to
Germany
obeys
for
their
King
Ferdinand
the
fourth
,
Son
to
the
Emperour
Ferdinand
the
third
.
This
Kingdom
being
tormented
by
the
Arms
of
the
great
Turk
,
had
recourse
to
the
Emperour
Rodolph
,
and
he
to
the
Princes
and
States
of
Germany
:
but
they
blinded
by
the
prosperity
of
peace
,
and
plunged
in
the
delights
which
the
fruits
thereof
produces
;
slighting
the
danger
which
most
neerly
concerned
the
house
of
Austria
from
abroad
,
slackly
promised
relief
;
which
yet
was
retarded
by
the
jealousie
of
such
,
as
could
not
by
any
meanes
brook
the
glory
of
that
Family
,
and
passionately
wished
the
decline
,
or
rather
the
utter
ruine
thereof
.
Rodolph
in
the
Diet
,
or
Assembly
at
Ratisbone
,
made
a
remonstrance
,
how
Amurat
the
Sultan
had
broken
the
Peace
of
the
year
1991.
and
taken
many
Towns
,
and
Places
of
strength
,
Peace
of
the
year
1591.
broaken
by
Amurat.
but
he
reaped
nothing
but
winde
;
for
it
is
in
vain
to
preach
to
such
as
will
not
hear
.
He
dyed
in
the
year
1595
and
his
Son
Mahomer
succeeded
him
;
against
whom
the
Christians
had
neither
good
luck
,
nor
blessing
.
For
Agria
was
lost
because
the
succour
came
too
late
,
as
being
delayed
by
the
raines
;
and
the
Army
appeared
not
till
some
dayes
after
it
was
taken
;
howsoever
there
first
grew
some
skermishes
,
and
afterwards
a
Battail
,
wherein
the
Turks
were
roured
,
and
their
Canon
taken
.
But
the
Conquerors
casting
themselves
too
soone
and
too
inconsiderately
upon
pillage
,
made
them
who
fled
regain
their
courage
;
in
such
sort
as
that
they
rallyed
,
and
defeated
an
Army
of
sixty
thousand
men
,
however
they
durst
not
pursue
them
.
By
means
of
this
memorable
enterprize
,
the
lot
sell
upon
the
impregnable
Town
of
Raab
,
which
issued
very
happily
for
the
good
of
Christendome
to
the
honour
of
the
Count
de
Swartsbourgh
,
and
Mons.
de
Vanbecour
,
(
a
Lorraine
Gentleman
)
together
with
the
French
,
Lorrains
,
Low-burgundians
,
and
Walloons
.
The
Duke
of
Mercoeur
,
having
taken
leave
of
the
most
Christian
King
,
Mutiny
of
the
French
.
and
recollected
the
fragments
of
the
League
,
went
thither
,
for
the
service
of
Christendome
:
but
his
Troops
not
having
an
equal
zeal
with
that
of
their
General
,
sell
to
mutinie
in
the
Fort
of
Pappeneer
Raab
,
chased
away
their
officers
,
and
indeavoured
to
sell
the
said
place
to
the
Turks
.
The
Count
de
Swartsbourgh
offered
them
their
pay
,
and
conjured
them
to
forbear
that
treason
,
but
they
being
obstinate
in
their
wickednesse
,
delivered
to
the
Infidels
,
(
in
earnest
of
their
perfidie
)
of
men
,
women
,
and
children
above
six
hundred
Christians
:
and
this
by
way
of
recompence
for
some
Provisions
.
The
Place
was
invested
,
and
the
Turks
could
not
succour
it
;
and
the
brave
Earle
of
Swartsbourgh
killed
.
These
detestable
Mutiners
,
after
having
made
many
desperate
sallyes
,
and
fought
long
against
Famine
,
(
the
gate
of
favour
,
and
pardon
being
shut
to
them
,
who
had
so
wickedly
betrayed
the
Christian
Party
,
)
were
at
length
almost
all
caught
and
punished
,
according
to
the
greatnesse
of
their
treason
.
Canisia
was
taken
by
the
Turk
,
and
Stoul-Vessembourg
by
the
Duke
of
Mercoeur
,
where
he
atchieved
so
much
glory
,
that
the
great
Turk
intreated
Henry
the
fourth
to
call
him
away
.
This
war
was
finished
about
the
end
of
the
year
1606.
The
Emperours
Souldiers
mutined
for
want
of
pay
,
and
committed
a
thousand
robberies
,
which
caused
rebellious
and
great
famine
.
The
Duke
of
Mercoeur
,
desirous
to
go
visit
his
native
country
,
began
his
journey
full
of
victorious
palms
,
and
passed
through
Vienna
,
where
he
was
very
well
received
by
his
Imperial
Majesty
,
and
the
whole
Court.
The
death
of
the
Dake
of
Marcoeur
.
But
Parca
,
envious
of
his
happinesse
,
cut
off
the
thred
of
his
life
at
Novemberg
.
Transylvania
is
a
part
of
the
aforesaid
Kingdome
of
Hungary
,
and
is
much
peopled
,
and
most
fortill
:
The
Inhabitants
speak
a
language
much
like
to
that
of
Low-Saxony
;
and
it
is
also
very
credible
,
that
they
sprang
from
thence
:
but
when
or
how
is
very
uncertain
.
Some
Authors
recount
that
a
certain
Quack-salver
,
or
Mountebank
not
being
fully
satisfied
by
the
Citizens
of
Hamelen
(
a
Town
seated
upon
the
River
of
Weser
)
according
to
their
promise
made
him
,
(
for
freeing
them
from
the
trouble
of
an
innumerable
multitude
of
Rats
,
which
he
drew
out
of
the
said
Town
with
the
sound
of
his
Pipe
)
revenged
himself
after
this
manner
.
He
gathered
together
all
the
children
of
the
Town
,
or
,
(
to
say
better
)
he
charmed
them
so
well
with
the
sound
of
his
said
instrument
,
that
he
going
out
,
and
they
following
to
a
certain
mountain
not
farre
off
,
the
ground
cleft
,
and
swallowed
them
up
,
and
as
soon
as
they
were
entred
,
closed
up
again
:
and
sometime
after
it
was
published
and
believed
,
that
the
said
children
were
transported
into
Transylvania
:
And
even
to
this
very
day
,
Whe●oe
came
the
●●thubitants
of
Transylvania
.
there
are
some
at
Hamelen
who
write
in
these
terms
;
such
a
year
,
since
the
departure
of
our
children
.
The
Kingdom
of
Hungary
for
the
most
part
,
followes
the
Romane
Catholick
Religion
;
though
yet
both
the
Reformed
party
,
and
the
Lutherans
(
especially
in
Transylvania
)
have
likewise
their
Churches
.
But
the
stepping
in
of
these
latter
created
a
great
deale
of
distrust
;
the
inseparable
companion
of
contradictory
opinions
:
The
Soveraign
authority
hath
lost
part
of
her
vigour
;
and
her
power
is
so
much
diminished
,
that
the
Hungarians
could
not
subsist
but
by
the
Majesty
of
the
Eagle
.
Let
us
summarily
,
and
without
deviating
from
our
path
,
speak
of
the
glory
of
the
ancient
Hungarians
;
of
the
vertues
,
and
ill
habits
which
are
found
now
amongst
them
;
and
of
the
troubles
which
they
suffer
,
or
still
apprehend
amongst
themselves
by
the
neerness
and
vicinity
of
the
sworne
enemy
of
Christendome
.
Hungary
,
(
anciently
called
Pannonia
)
is
a
Kingdome
most
abundant
in
all
which
Nature
covets
for
her
contentment
.
She
is
watered
with
most
fair
and
great
Rivers
;
which
would
make
her
most
flourishing
,
if
she
had
not
the
Turk
in
her
bowels
:
But
she
hath
an
ayer
a
little
too
rough
for
strangers
.
She
hath
produced
a
huge
number
of
great
Emperours
;
most
Religious
Kings
;
most
holy
Persons
,
and
men
most
learned
in
all
kinds
of
faculties
.
Atilas
,
that
scourge
of
God
,
came
from
them
with
his
Huns
,
for
the
affliction
of
Europe
;
and
many
other
Tyrants
,
who
have
often
rended
Germany
,
and
made
the
Emperours
pay
them
tribute
a
long
time
,
to
save
their
Country
from
the
fury
of
their
arms
.
But
vice
reigns
there
now
with
so
absolute
an
Empire
,
as
it
renders
the
Hungarians
very
odious
,
and
despicable
.
Ambition
made
them
loose
a
King
,
a
saire
Army
,
and
Buda
,
the
capitall
City
of
the
Kingdome
.
Avarice
hurries
them
blindfold
upon
all
wickednesse
;
and
makes
them
sometimes
sell
the
Christians
prisoners
to
the
Turks
and
Tartars
;
without
sparing
so
much
as
their
own
neer
kindred
,
when
the
insatiable
hunger
of
mony
hath
vayled
the
eyes
of
their
understanding
.
Their
Kings
have
had
frequent
experiments
of
their
perfidie
;
the
Turks
of
their
loosenesse
;
and
the
Germanes
of
their
cruelty
,
treachery
,
and
hatred
;
dangerous
both
to
the
one
and
the
other
,
as
having
made
many
Fields
unfruitful
,
and
brought
much
profit
to
their
enemies
.
The
Hungarians
(
saith
an
old
Bishop
,
writing
to
the
Emperour
Frederick
the
first
)
have
ugly
faces
,
hollow
eyes
,
low
of
stature
,
and
barbarous
both
in
manners
and
speech
.
And
yet
it
must
be
avowed
,
that
there
also
dwells
vertue
amongst
them
,
as
well
as
amongst
other
Christians
;
that
they
defend
Christendome
;
and
that
their
bodies
are
such
Bulwarks
,
as
the
Ottomans
have
not
hitherto
been
able
to
leap
,
and
which
they
must
first
cast
to
the
ground
,
if
they
intend
to
assayle
Germany
.
They
are
almost
alwayes
on
horse-back
,
and
upon
prey
with
them
,
and
they
serve
themselves
of
calamity
for
an
aliment
to
their
vertue
.
And
indeed
that
of
the
valiant
Count
de
Serin
amongst
so
many
others
,
shined
with
so
much
glory
,
and
constancy
at
the
siege
of
Sigot
,
that
it
purchased
him
everlasting
praise
.
The
Hungarians
with
their
Light
Horse
do
more
hurt
to
the
Turks
,
then
to
the
Germanes
;
and
in
this
last
Warre
of
Bohemia
they
offended
more
by
surprises
,
then
by
standing
Fights
.
In
the
Battel
of
Prague
not
being
able
to
support
the
rough
onset
of
the
Walloons
,
and
Germanes
,
they
quickly
gave
ground
,
and
so
were
partly
the
cause
of
that
remarkable
Defeat
.
CHAP.
III
Of
Russia
,
or
Muscovia
:
Their
Religion
.
The
History
of
Demetrius
.
THis
Province
,
which
stretches
it self
to
the
Icie
Sea
,
is
of
a
very
large
extent
,
governed
by
an
Emperour
,
or
Great
Duke
,
with
most
absolute
authority
,
(
after
the
manner
of
the
Eastern
Countries
)
however
it
lye
very
near
the
North.
The
Muscovits
follow
the
Greek
Religion
,
The
Greek
Religion
.
under
a
Patriarch
;
though
yet
it
be
mingled
with
very
many
superstitions
,
which
will
never
be
corrected
,
because
the
Great
Duke
suffers
none
of
his
subjects
to
travel
,
and
see
other
Countries
.
This
people
is
much
tormented
by
the
Turks
and
Tartars
.
They
have
likewise
waged
great
warres
with
the
Polas
and
Swedes
;
but
with
many
losses
.
They
were
very
tyrannically
governed
by
their
Prince
John
Basil
,
who
was
succeeded
by
his
son
Theodore
,
a
Prince
of
small
sense
,
for
he
let
both
himself
and
his
Country
be
ruled
by
his
wives
brother
called
Borits
Fedorits
.
He
died
without
children
,
and
his
Brother-in-law
was
Great
Duke
after
him
.
He
had
a
brother
named
Demetrius
,
who
(
as
many
Authors
worthy
of
credit
have
written
,
The
History
of
Demetrius
.
with
great
apparences
of
truth
)
was
stolne
away
in
his
infancy
,
so
to
be
saved
from
the
evident
danger
wherewith
he
seemed
to
be
threatened
by
the
authority
of
the
said
Borits
;
and
another
very
like
him
put
in
his
place
,
was
exposed
dead
to
the
view
of
the
people
.
Now
,
this
Demetrius
being
brought
up
in
Poland
,
with
the
Palatine
Sandomir
,
after
he
had
travelled
in
Germany
and
Italy
for
the
space
of
twenty
yeares
,
gave
himself
to
be
known
for
the
son
of
Basil
,
Brother
to
Theodore
;
and
by
the
assistance
of
the
said
Palatime
,
the
Jesnits
,
and
the
favour
of
the
King
himself
,
he
entered
the
second
time
into
Muscovy
,
well
accompanied
by
Germanes
,
Poles
,
and
Cosacks
.
Borits
raises
a
most
puissant
Army
to
oppose
him
,
but
the
infidelity
of
his
people
,
together
with
some
losses
,
deprived
him
both
of
courage
,
and
desire
of
life
:
And
so
he
died
the
13th
of
April
,
in
the
year
1605
,
not
without
suspicion
of
having
voluntarily
prevented
his
misfortune
by
despaire
.
His
son
was
received
by
such
as
were
of
his
faction
:
But
the
City
of
Mosco
,
together
with
all
the
Country
,
having
admitted
Demetrius
for
their
Prince
,
he
was
forthwith
cast
in
prison
.
Now
Demetrius
had
no
sooner
made
his
entry
into
the
said
City
,
but
they
began
to
murmure
and
say
,
that
he
was
not
the
true
Demetrius
.
The
Lord
Basil
Chimouskie
,
for
having
said
that
he
had
caused
the
right
Demetrius
to
be
buried
,
brought
his
head
upon
a
scaffold
,
which
yet
,
by
special
favour
,
he
brought
back
again
to
weare
the
Crown
,
and
succeed
the
unfortunate
Demetrius
.
O
strange
effect
of
Fate
!
The
aversion
of
the
people
from
poor
Demetrius
appeared
yet
more
,
when
they
understood
that
he
had
acknowledged
the
Pope
,
and
introduced
the
Jesuits
,
to
work-about
a
Reformation
.
He
married
the
daughter
of
his
Foster-Father
,
who
made
her
entry
into
the
head
City
the
26
of
April
,
in
the
year
1606.
The
persidy
of
this
treacherous
people
was
clearly
discovered
a
moneth
after
;
namely
,
the
27
of
May
,
and
their
rage
began
its
first
effect
upon
the
Poles
and
other
strangers
,
(
who
yet
sold
their
skins
dear
enough
)
and
others
passed
on
to
the
Court
,
there
to
finish
the
last
Act
of
the
Tragedy
.
The
Prince
hearing
of
the
tumult
,
left
the
company
of
his
wife
(
wish
whom
he
then
was
)
got
away
,
and
leapt
down
from
the
top
of
a
Tower
,
through
a
window
,
at
the
foot
whereof
(
being
found
yet
alive
)
he
was
forthwith
dispatched
.
This
was
done
under
the
pretext
of
Religion
.
He
was
a
Prince
of
a
great
wit
;
a
lover
of
hunting
and
warre
,
he
had
read
much
,
was
very
ambitious
,
and
went
much
in
quest
of
the
allyances
of
the
Kings
of
Europe
;
and
nominatively
of
that
of
the
Great
Henry
of
France
,
Thus
unhappily
ended
Demetrius
his
dayes
,
in
the
very
April
of
his
age
,
and
the
cruelty
of
the
barbarous
multitude
continued
even
upon
his
dead
body
,
which
they
tore
in
pieces
:
so
violent
is
hatred
stirred
up
by
Religion
,
against
such
as
endeavour
to
change
it
,
when
fury
has
gotten
the
upper
hand
.
He
was
accused
by
a
Declaration
,
to
have
been
a
Monk
,
an
Heretick
,
and
a
Witch
;
and
to
have
endeavoured
to
change
the
Religion
of
Russia
;
supplant
the
Nobility
of
the
Country
,
and
introduce
that
of
Poland
;
to
have
layen
with
his
wife
in
the
presence
of
an
image
of
our
Lady
,
and
many
other
things
,
which
are
tedious
to
rehearse
.
A
memorable
example
of
the
instability
of
Fortune
,
who
when
she
most
smiles
is
then
most
ready
to
shoot
her
inevitable
shots
of
her
irradicable
hatred
against
such
as
love
vertue
and
constance
.
It
was
necessary
to
recount
this
for
the
greater
knowledge
of
what
we
are
to
publish
concerning
Muscovy
,
which
hath
felt
the
tragical
effects
of
Bellona
,
as
well
as
the
rest
of
Europe
,
whereof
she
is
a
good
part
.
CHAP.
IV
Of
Poland
.
The
Government
;
and
Religion
thereof
.
Henry
Duke
of
Anioii
chosen
King
,
and
afterwards
Sigismund
of
Sweden
,
and
Maximilian
of
Austria
,
who
was
taken
prisoner
in
a
Battell
.
THis
Kingdome
was
governed
by
Sigismund
of
Sweden
,
and
had
no
other
enemy
at
that
time
then
the
Swedes
,
for
the
interest
of
their
Prince
.
But
before
we
give
an
account
thereof
,
we
will
speak
of
the
manners
,
and
Origin
of
the
Country
.
Poland
is
of
very
vast
distent
,
and
takes
her
name
from
the
great
Fields
which
produce
a
huge
quantity
of
Corn.
The
great
Dukedome
of
Lithuania
,
is
a
part
of
this
Kingdome
;
which
is
bounded
on
the
one
side
by
Muscovy
;
and
on
the
other
,
Hungary
,
Germany
,
Livonia
,
and
Prussia
,
or
Borussia
,
to
the
Baltick
Sea
,
there
are
many
Fennes
,
Lakes
,
and
huge
Forrests
;
Poland
full
of
Forrests
and
Fennes
.
as
there
likewise
are
through
all
the
North
,
where
,
in
the
Trunks
of
Trees
,
is
often
found
great
store
of
hony
,
whereof
they
make
a
certain
Drink
(
chiefly
in
Lithuania
)
which
is
most
delicate
,
and
yeelds
not
awhit
in
goodness
to
Spanish
wine
.
Now
here
well
deserves
to
be
inserted
,
the
story
of
a
certain
Peasant
or
Countriman
,
who
being
fallen
by
accident
into
one
of
the
Trunks
,
which
was
full
of
hony
,
ran
great
hazard
to
be
drowned
,
The
story
of
is
Peasant
saved
by
a
strange
accident
.
without
an
almost
miraculous
succour
,
which
came
to
him
by
chance
:
And
it
was
,
a
Bear
approaching
the
said
place
,
to
lick
the
hony
(
whereof
these
creatures
are
very
lickorish
)
the
poor
man
layd
hold
of
his
tayle
;
and
the
beast
violently
endeavouring
to
run
away
,
drew
the
man
out
of
this
sweet
,
but
fatall
precipice
.
The
winter
is
there
very
long
and
sharp
;
against
the
rigour
whereof
,
the
Inhabitants
(
who
have
no
want
of
wood
)
serve
themselves
of
stoves
,
and
good
furred
gownes
,
as
all
the
Northern
people
do
.
The
Nobility
is
very
studious
of
Warre
,
and
desirous
of
Travell
,
and
in
short
,
of
an
humour
much
like
that
of
the
French
.
They
express
their
gallantry
in
the
beauty
of
their
Cloathes
,
Weapons
,
and
Horses
;
in
the
sumptousness
of
Feasts
,
Weddings
,
Funeralls
,
Christenings
;
and
in
numerous
Trains
of
servants
too
,
when
they
go
a
woing
.
They
are
very
stout
,
and
decide
their
quarrels
for
the
most
part
by
encounters
:
so
that
there
are
more
Fights
,
then
Duels
.
They
are
very
good
souldiers
,
whereof
they
have
given
frequent
testimonies
against
the
Turks
,
whom
they
oppose
not
with
Fortifications
and
Bulwarks
,
for
the
defence
of
their
Kingdome
,
and
all
Christendome
;
but
with
their
Bodies
,
in
the
Field
.
The
Tartars
do
them
much
hurt
by
surprizes
;
who
as
soon
as
they
have
done
their
feat
,
and
find
the
Poles
advancing
,
betake
themselves
to
their
heels
with
their
pray
,
and
fell
their
prisoners
to
the
Turks
,
by
whom
they
are
made
slaves
.
The
Polanders
,
(
anciently
called
Sarmass
)
were
very
redoubtable
to
the
Romans
,
and
contemned
their
power
,
they
embraced
the
doctrine
of
the
Gospel
,
and
since
learning
and
sciences
have
been
in
Vogue
amongst
them
,
they
are
extremely
civilized
;
as
all
other
nations
like
wife
are
,
which
have
changed
the
darkness
of
ignorance
into
light
,
and
their
brutish
manners
into
amiable
society
.
The
Latin
tongue
is
so
common
amongst
them
,
that
there
are
very
few
Gentlemen
who
do
not
speak
it
.
The
custome
of
drawing
a
sword
,
when
the
Priest
recited
the
Gospel
in
the
Mass
,
is
now
abolished
,
for
some
misfortunes
which
happened
thereby
:
however
by
this
zealous
action
,
they
signified
themselves
to
be
willing
to
loose
their
lives
for
the
defence
of
the
Gospel
,
and
for
the
ingrandizement
and
propagation
whereof
they
have
often
tought
against
the
Pagans
,
and
do
protect
Christendome
to
this
day
against
the
puissance
of
the
Infidels
:
Though
yet
,
they
were
moved
by
this
very
zeal
,
both
inconsiderately
and
perfidiously
to
break
the
sworne
Peace
with
the
Great
Turk
;
and
were
consequently
all
cut
off
,
together
with
their
King
Vladislans
,
near
Varne
.
They
are
very
strong
and
tall
,
and
have
faces
able
to
imprint
the
figure
of
feare
in
the
countenance
of
the
most
confident
.
They
slight
the
rigour
of
the
cold
,
and
all
other
obstacles
,
which
may
hinder
them
from
a
glorious
death
.
Yet
is
it
also
very
true
on
the
other
side
,
that
vice
hath
placed
its
dwelling
there
,
as
well
as
elsewhere
;
and
that
the
contempt
of
the
Lawes
is
not
lesse
amongst
them
,
then
in
any
other
part
of
Europe
.
They
who
travell
through
Poland
and
Hungary
,
carry
their
beds
with
them
yea
,
and
sometimes
their
victuals
too
,
to
shunne
the
hazard
of
an
ill
supper
,
and
a
hard
lodging
.
These
two
Nations
have
a
fashion
of
cloathing
almost
alike
,
which
doth
differ
very
little
,
and
they
both
weare
furred
Bonnets
.
The
Romane
Catholick
Religion
is
the
chief
;
however
there
be
other
also
permitted
,
and
freely
exercised
amongst
them
;
as
namely
,
the
Arrian
,
and
many
other
old
Heresies
which
are
still
croaking
there
:
besides
,
the
Greck
Church
hath
also
a
great
number
of
adherents
there
.
The
Kingdome
of
Poland
is
Elective
;
and
when
the
King
is
dead
,
the
Archbishop
of
Gssue
takes
the
Government
of
the
State
,
and
assembles
the
Senate
and
the
Nobility
for
the
election
of
another
.
During
the
Interreign
,
or
vacancy
,
there
is
committed
great
store
of
murthers
and
insolencies
,
which
moves
such
as
love
the
publick
Quiet
,
to
speed
the
Election
.
The
Nobility
hath
most
high
priviledges
,
whereby
the
Kings
authority
is
much
bridled
and
retained
within
the
Lawes
of
the
Kingdom
whereof
in
a
word
they
are
so
jealous
,
that
they
alwayes
mistrust
their
Prince
,
and
imagine
every
moment
,
that
he
will
either
take
their
lawes
from
them
,
or
at
least
diminish
them
,
to
make
himself
more
absolute
.
Murthers
are
not
so
rigorously
punished
here
as
in
other
parts
of
Chrislendome
.
For
a
Gentleman
shall
be
quit
for
killing
of
another
with
one
years
imprisonment
,
and
if
the
person
murthered
be
of
a
mean
condition
,
for
a
small
forfeit
.
The
Ecclesiasticks
have
huge
Revenues
,
for
which
they
are
much
envied
.
The
most
eminent
dignities
amongst
them
are
to
be
Senatours
,
whom
they
call
Waiwodes
,
Chatellans
,
and
Starosts
,
which
are
charges
of
Captains
.
In
a
word
,
they
are
all
equall
,
like
Brothers
,
not
enduring
any
superiority
at
all
.
The
Duke
of
Anioll
elected
King
.
The
Kingdome
being
vacant
by
the
decease
of
Sigismund
,
Queen
Katherine
de
Medicis
,
sent
the
Bishop
of
Valence
thither
for
the
Duke
of
Anioll
her
son
,
who
was
chosen
with
applause
;
and
the
eloquence
of
the
said
Bishop
,
prevailed
much
therein
.
The
magnificencie
of
the
Dukes
Reception
,
made
the
French
see
that
the
Polanders
skorn
to
fall
short
of
any
in
gallantry
.
But
his
Reign
proved
not
very
long
:
For
hearing
of
the
death
of
King
Charles
,
and
preferring
the
Hereditary
Crown
of
France
before
the
Elective
of
Poland
three
moneths
after
his
arrivall
,
he
secretly
departed
;
leaving
the
Polanders
the
repentance
of
having
chosen
him
,
and
the
trouble
to
choose
another
;
Stephen
Batorins
succeeds
.
who
sell
out
to
be
Stephanus
Batorins
Prince
of
Transylvania
.
He
reigned
ten
yeares
,
reduced
Dantsick
to
her
obedience
,
kept
the
bordering
places
within
their
duty
,
and
rejoyned
Livonia
to
the
Crown
.
He
governed
the
Kingdome
both
happily
and
wisely
,
died
in
the
resolution
he
had
taken
to
subdue
Muscavy
to
Poland
;
left
great
grief
for
his
so
sudden
death
amongst
tho
Poles
,
and
a
good
odour
of
his
vertues
to
posterity
.
The
Polanders
,
after
the
decease
of
King
Stephen
,
found
themselves
in
a
dangerous
sicknesse
,
by
a
division
which
threatned
utter
ruine
to
the
Crown
.
The
great
Chancellour
Samotskie
,
the
Bishops
,
and
many
other
of
the
great
.
Lords
,
elected
Sigismund
of
Sweden
sonne
of
King
John
,
and
Queen
Katherine
of
Poland
,
daughter
to
Sigismund
of
Jaguellonne
.
The
other
party
had
chosen
Maximilian
of
Anstria
,
who
entring
〈◊〉
Poland
with
an
Army
made
up
in
haste
,
besieged
Warsaw
;
from
whence
being
repulsed
,
Maximilian
forces
.
and
recruting
his
forces
in
Silesia
,
he
was
the
second
time
defeated
and
,
taken
prisoner
by
the
Great
Chancellour
aforesaid
.
After
these
two
victories
was
crowned
Sigismund
in
the
year
1587
,
and
called
by
the
name
of
Sigismund
the
third
.
He
married
Anne
of
Austria
,
who
brought
him
a
sonne
named
Vladislans
,
who
afterwards
was
King
of
Poland
.
And
this
is
that
which
we
thought
very
sit
to
recount
,
and
which
must
serve
us
for
the
present
History
of
this
Age.
Let
us
now
passe
into
Sweden
,
and
hear
what
the
Swedes
alledge
against
the
Polanders
,
with
the
reasons
and
arguments
both
of
the
one
and
the
other
.
CAROLVS
GVS'TMVS
'
King
of
S'wethens
,
Goths
;
&
Vandalls
,
greate
mince
of
Finland
,
Duke
of
Esthonia
,
&
Carelia
,
Lot
of
J●●ria
.
&
Ciou'ned
An
?
Dom:
1654.
CHAP.
V
of
Sweden
.
The
discords
happening
between
King
Sigismund
,
and
his
Uncle
Charles
,
and
why
?
The
successe
of
their
Arms.
SIgismund
King
of
Sweden
,
endeavouring
to
put
two
Crowns
upon
his
head
,
lost
the
Hereditary
one
.
See
how
all
passed
,
This
young
Prince
had
been
brought
up
in
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
,
though
yet
he
were
the
sonne
of
King
Erick
who
embraced
the
Confession
of
Ausbourgh
,
and
introduced
it
into
his
Kingdome
.
This
Erick
was
sonne
to
King
John
,
and
Nephew
to
Charles
Duke
of
Sudermanic
,
whom
he
left
in
Sweden
to
govern
that
Kingdome
in
his
absence
,
in
the
quality
of
Vice-Roy
.
Now
it
often
chances
,
that
Princes
who
have
more
then
one
kingdom
,
grow
by
little
and
little
to
loose
the
affections
of
their
remote
subjects
,
and
their
authority
comes
also
by
degrees
to
be
eclipsed
;
in
regard
that
their
said
subjects
are
not
warmed
by
the
heat
of
their
favour
,
and
prudence
;
and
so
others
grow
insensibly
to
take
place
,
as
well
because
their
presence
winnes
the
affections
of
the
said
subjects
;
as
also
for
that
reasons
are
never
wanting
to
such
as
have
no
will
to
obey
:
And
besides
,
every
one
stands
in
fear
of
forraine
Rule
.
But
the
most
powerfull
argument
of
the
coldness
of
subjects
towards
their
Soveraigne
,
is
diversity
of
Religions
;
which
causes
a
change
in
State
,
and
alters
and
shakes
it
so
,
as
that
many
Princes
for
the
strengthening
and
fixing
of
theirs
,
have
believed
that
they
neither
could
,
nor
ought
to
permit
any
more
then
one
.
Sigismund
goes
into
Sweden
.
King
Sigismund
hearing
many
complaints
from
Sweden
,
and
conceaving
some
jealousies
of
his
Uncle
Charles
,
resolved
,
with
leave
of
the
States
of
Poland
,
to
transport
himself
thither
with
some
Polish
and
German
forces
.
He
departed
from
Dantsick
with
a
fleet
of
sixty
Sayle
,
and
was
well
received
by
the
Governour
of
Colmar
;
from
whom
he
went
to
see
his
sister
at
Stebourgh
.
Duke
Charles
hastened
towards
him
from
Finland
,
with
an
Army
to
defend
the
kingdome
against
the
King
himself
;
Sigismund
beaten
.
who
(
as
it
was
published
)
came
to
take
the
Vice-King
prisoner
,
and
change
the
State
by
subverting
Religion
.
So
there
occurred
a
fierce
skirmish
,
wherein
the
Vice-King
had
the
better
,
and
Sigismund
the
King
was
forced
to
retite
himself
towards
the
Confines
of
Denmark
.
In
fine
,
he
was
beaten
again
near
Lincopin
,
and
his
Fleet
taken
.
Upon
which
,
seeing
his
Uncle
thus
courted
by
Fortu●e
,
through
the
mediation
of
some
Lords
,
he
was
fain
to
make
peace
with
him
under
certain
conditions
,
by
vertue
whereof
his
Fleet
was
restored
to
him
to
go
by
Sea
to
Stockholm
;
Makes
Peace
and
Duke
Charles
(
in
whose
hands
were
put
the
prime
Lords
of
Sweden
,
who
had
been
to
fetch
the
King
in
Poland
)
went
thither
by
land
.
Sigismund
instead
of
going
to
the
Assembly
of
States
at
Stockholm
,
went
secretly
out
of
the
kingdom
,
which
he
thereby
lost
,
He
retires
our
of
the
kingdom
.
and
regained
Dantsick
Some
Authors
have
written
,
that
he
had
been
advertised
of
some
ill
design
of
his
Uncle
Charles
against
him
:
and
a
certain
person
who
was
then
at
Stockholm
affirms
,
that
he
sighed
for
his
having
let
slip
the
bird
which
he
had
in
his
hand
.
However
,
those
Lords
were
beheaded
,
and
their
heads
set
upon
stakes
,
which
were
since
taken
away
upon
the
request
of
a
great
Wanyer
.
Duke
Charles
quickly
recovered
those
places
of
strength
,
which
were
in
the
Kings
possession
;
chastised
the
Citizens
of
Lubeck
who
had
favoured
him
,
caused
the
States
to
approve
of
all
his
actions
,
and
ranged
the
Finlanders
(
who
held
the
Kings
party
)
under
obedience
to
himself
.
Some
months
after
,
the
States
deposed
the
King
by
a
publick
Decree
,
declaring
him
fallen
from
the
Rights
he
had
in
the
kingdom
,
and
renouncing
all
fidelity
to
him
;
though
yet
still
they
were
ready
to
receive
his
sonne
Vladislans
for
King
of
Sweden
,
in
case
he
would
forthwith
send
him
thither
to
be
bred
in
the
Religion
and
customes
of
the
Country
.
But
these
conditions
not
seeming
receivable
,
were
not
accepted
by
the
King
,
and
the
proceedings
of
the
States
of
Sweden
cryed
down
by
the
Poles
,
who
resolved
to
take
an
account
of
them
with
the
sword
.
This
is
the
summe
of
what
is
known
of
that
difference
,
which
is
yet
remaining
between
the
Heires
of
these
two
Princes
,
and
which
is
debated
by
very
contrary
reasons
,
according
to
the
predominancy
either
of
Passion
or
Religion
,
and
according
to
the
knowledge
also
of
the
Right
of
the
Parties
concerned
.
The
Polanders
reproach
the
Swedes
,
for
that
without
any
available
reason
,
and
upon
some
ill
grounded
suspicions
only
;
yea
,
even
against
all
Right
both
Divine
and
Humane
,
they
took
the
kingdom
from
Sigismund
,
to
give
it
to
Charles
.
To
which
the
Swede
;
answer
,
that
the
King
against
his
promise
had
endeavoured
under
hand
to
bring
in
the
Jesuits
,
so
to
replant
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
,
and
strangers
to
check
and
curb
them
;
and
many
other
arguments
there
are
both
upon
the
one
side
,
and
the
other
,
which
I
let
passe
in
silence
,
and
which
are
found
at
large
elsewhere
.
Now
you
have
had
the
words
,
take
also
some
effects
of
their
arms
.
Duke
Charles
,
after
the
reduction
of
Finlande
,
went
into
Livoma
,
where
he
gained
some
advantage
upon
Samonskie
;
besieged
Riga
,
but
in
vain
,
and
returned
into
Sweden
in
great
danger
to
be
drowned
.
When
he
had
gotten
the
Crown
upon
his
head
,
he
gave
the
reasons
thereof
to
all
Christian
Kings
and
Princes
;
justifying
his
proceedings
the
best
he
could
,
and
seeking
the
allyance
of
his
Neighbours
,
and
chiefly
that
of
the
States
Generall
,
Samonskie
the
Great
Chancellonr
aforesaid
writ
against
him
,
and
cried
our
upon
his
ambition
,
which
greatly
offended
him
,
and
gave
subject
of
great
grudges
between
them
,
which
grew
at
length
to
implacable
hatred
.
Chules
looset
the
Battel
.
Fortune
frowned
upon
him
at
Riga
:
for
his
Army
being
much
stronger
then
that
of
Poland
,
was
rooted
by
General
Cockevietz
,
who
having
senr
four
hundred
of
the
Livonian
horse
over
a
River
,
to
attack
the
Swedes
in
the
Reer
,
wonne
the
Battel
by
this
stratatagem
;
and
so
Livonia
came
to
be
under
the
Polanders
,
till
the
Reign
of
the
Great
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
who
reduced
it
to
his
obedience
.
All
Livonia
hath
embraced
the
Lutheran
Religion
as
well
as
Sweden
,
where
it
is
held
for
one
of
their
Fundamentall
Lawes
;
as
it
also
is
almost
through
all
the
North.
Sweden
is
the
biggest
of
all
the
Northern
kingdoms
,
the
Head
City
whereof
is
Stockholm
,
a
Town
(
the
Suburbs
and
Sea-thore
,
or
strand
comprised
)
of
great
distent
.
There
are
many
huge
Mountains
,
Rocks
,
and
Forrests
,
where
are
sometimes
heard
great
illusions
,
and
phancies
,
as
there
likewise
are
in
the
water
,
which
are
very
troublesome
and
terrible
both
to
men
and
horses
,
which
passe
that
way
.
The
country
is
not
much
inhabited
,
and
the
chief
Provinces
are
West-Gothland
,
East-gothland
,
from
whence
(
as
also
from
the
rest
of
Sweden
)
according
to
the
opinion
of
some
Authours
)
came
the
Goths
,
who
so
much
vexed
the
Romane
Empyre
.
This
kingdom
is
full
of
Copper
and
Iron
Mines
.
The
Swedes
are
good
souldiers
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
and
have
given
incredible
examples
of
their
valour
both
in
Germany
and
Denmark
,
they
are
of
a
strong
Complexion
,
and
sit
to
endure
hardnesse
and
labour
.
The
Nobility
is
very
mild
and
frank
;
loves
learning
and
languages
,
but
especially
Latin
,
and
French
;
travels
much
abroad
,
is
very
dexterous
at
exercises
,
and
honours
and
seeks
learned
company
.
Yea
,
and
they
have
this
vertue
above
all
other
nations
,
wherewith
I
have
conversed
;
that
they
heartily
love
one
another
our
of
their
own
country
,
hide
the
vices
of
their
Compatriots
,
and
stand
much
for
the
honour
of
their
nation
.
The
Peasants
,
or
Country
people
send
their
Deputies
to
the
Assemblies
of
the
States
,
to
the
end
that
nothing
be
coucluded
there
,
to
the
prejudice
of
their
priviledges
.
King
Gustave
,
and
Queen
Christine
his
Daughter
now
reigning
,
created
much
new
Gentry
,
(
which
in
some
sort
is
disdained
by
the
ancient
Families
)
in
regard
the
Nobility
of
the
kingdom
was
almost
exhausted
by
the
Warres
.
CHAP.
VI
Of
Denmark
.
The
Description
thereof
.
DEnmark
is
a
kingdom
,
the
best
part
whereof
consists
of
Islands
,
as
namely
,
Zeland
and
Fionia
.
The
Province
of
Scania
reaches
up
to
Sweden
,
and
Jutland
to
Holstein
.
It
was
peacefully
gouerned
by
the
prudent
conduct
of
King
Christian
the
fourth
,
successour
to
Frederick
the
second
his
Father
,
and
Duke
of
Holstein
.
During
his
minority
he
had
four
Counsellours
,
to
help
him
to
bear
the
charge
of
the
Government
.
He
was
crowned
the
29th
of
August
,
in
the
year
1596.
The
principal
strength
of
this
Kingdom
consists
of
good
and
stately
ships
,
whereof
the
King
hath
a
considerable
number
,
as
well
for
the
defence
of
his
said
Islands
,
as
for
that
most
important
passage
of
the
Sownd
,
which
is
the
streight
that
separates
Scania
from
Zeland
,
and
which
is
of
huge
advantage
,
by
reason
of
the
infinity
of
ships
which
must
passe
over
it
to
go
into
the
Baltick
Sea
:
in
the
same
manner
,
that
those
of
all
the
Havens
of
the
said
Sea
,
and
bound
for
the
Ocean
,
are
forced
to
passe
that
way
.
The
Nobility
of
Denmark
,
as
also
that
of
Holstein
,
is
much
more
inclined
to
warres
then
learning
;
zealous
for
their
liberty
and
Rights
,
and
makes
no
allyance
by
marriage
with
the
common
people
;
a
maxime
much
observed
through
all
the
North
,
Poland
,
and
Germany
.
They
rufuse
Ecclesiastical
Honours
as
below
their
condition
,
defend
their
priviledges
,
and
make
no
esteem
of
others
,
though
by
their
experience
and
knowledge
,
they
may
merit
the
best
Offices
and
Employments
in
the
Country
.
The
Government
is
not
much
unlike
that
of
Poland
,
in
both
which
Elective
Kingdomes
the
Kings
undertake
nothing
of
importance
,
without
the
consent
of
the
States
and
Nobility
.
The
Gentlemen
are
all
equall
,
and
as
it
were
of
one
Family
;
there
being
neither
Earl
nor
Baron
.
The
Officers
of
the
Crown
,
and
Counsellours
of
the
kingdome
,
have
the
preheminency
,
and
assist
the
King
in
the
most
weighty
affaires
of
the
Countrey
.
Norway
(
an
Hereditary
kingdom
)
opposite
to
Great
Britain
,
or
England
,
It
is
very
big
,
but
very
desert
,
and
hath
no
considerable
Towns
,
but
such
as
are
near
the
Sea
side
.
It
yeelds
great
store
of
fish
,
wood
,
boards
,
and
good
skins
.
These
three
kingdomes
were
heretofore
under
the
government
of
the
King
of
Denmark
:
But
the
Swedes
not
being
able
to
suffer
the
tyranny
of
Christian
the
second
,
divided
themselves
from
his
obedience
.
They
all
follow
the
Lutheran
Religion
;
and
the
Capitall
City
of
Denmark
is
Coppenhaghen
;
a
very
fair
town
,
situated
upon
the
streight
of
the
Sownd
near
the
Baltick
Sea
;
a
passage
of
about
four
leagues
,
most
pleasant
and
recreative
,
by
means
of
a
Forrest
which
borders
upon
the
Sea
from
Coppenhaghen
to
Elsener
:
of
which
passage
,
because
it
is
so
much
envyed
,
we
will
hereafter
speak
more
at
large
.
The
Peasants
of
Denmark
and
Poland
are
treated
almost
like
slaves
;
for
the
greatest
part
of
the
Nobility
licentiously
abusing
their
liberty
,
despises
all
who
are
not
Gentlemen
:
A
fault
which
hath
drawn
ruine
upon
many
Families
,
which
boasted
of
the
story
of
their
Ancestours
.
But
it
is
not
enough
to
be
born
a
Gentleman
,
unlesse
it
appear
by
vertuous
,
laudable
,
and
generous
actions
.
CHAP.
VII
Of
Great
Britain
.
The
History
of
the
Earl
of
Gore
.
ENgland
is
a
most
fertile
,
and
most
potent
Island
,
as
well
for
scituation
,
as
men
and
ships
.
There
reigned
Queen
Elizabeth
,
a
Princesse
as
happy
in
her
allyances
,
success
of
arms
,
and
love
of
her
subjects
,
as
ever
was
.
She
was
Daughter
to
Henry
the
8th
,
and
Sister
to
Mary
and
Edward
.
She
changed
the
Religion
,
&
declared
her self
Head
of
the
Church
.
She
was
alwaies
well
served
:
She
sent
strong
succours
to
the
King
of
Navarre
,
and
her
subjects
wonne
many
victories
by
Sea
from
the
Spaniard
,
against
whom
she
continued
her
hatred
,
even
till
her
death
,
in
favour
of
the
Vnited
Provinces
of
the
Low-countries
.
She
was
a
sworne
enemy
to
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
,
and
seemed
to
have
made
it
her
task
to
destroy
that
,
as
well
as
she
had
the
King
,
who
bears
the
surname
of
it
.
Scotland
is
a
kingdom
which
makes
a
part
(
but
not
the
better
part
)
of
this
Island
.
There
reigned
as
King
,
Lames
Stewart
;
a
Prince
esteemed
very
wise
,
who
resented
not
at
all
the
death
of
his
Mother
Mary
,
who
was
beheaded
in
England
,
preferring
the
hope
of
succession
to
the
said
kingdom
before
revenge
,
courting
the
favour
of
the
Queen
,
and
treading
all
other
considerations
under
foot
.
But
heaven
left
nothing
unpunished
,
which
often
revenges
innocence
upon
the
Innocent
themselves
,
to
chastise
them
who
have
not
revenged
it
.
He
married
Anne
Sister
to
Christian
King
of
Denmark
,
and
lived
in
peace
:
which
yet
was
disturbed
by
dreadful
conspiracy
of
a
certain
Earle
called
Gore
,
whose
Father
was
beheaded
in
the
end
of
the
said
Kings
minority
.
Now
this
Gore
returning
from
travel
,
sent
his
brother
to
the
King
as
he
was
hunting
,
whom
when
he
had
made
believe
,
that
there
was
a
certain
man
who
had
found
a
great
pot
full
of
gold
,
he
led
him
into
his
said
brothers
Cabinet
,
or
Closet
,
where
,
had
he
not
been
succoured
by
his
followers
,
he
had
been
unhappily
murthered
.
The
Tragedy
was
afterwards
acted
upon
them
,
who
intended
themselves
to
have
been
the
actors
thereof
,
and
the
murtherers
were
justly
murthered
.
In
this
tragedy
,
they
who
were
curious
,
found
such
mysteries
,
as
their
modesty
kept
in
silence
.
The
Scots
are
held
good
souldiers
,
but
they
were
never
very
fortunate
against
the
English
.
Ireland
is
an
Island
both
big
and
fruitfull
,
between
Spain
and
England
;
where
the
English
have
exercised
great
power
and
authority
,
as
well
in
respect
of
Religion
,
as
for
the
Rebellion
of
the
Irish
against
Queen
El'zabeth
,
&
calling
the
Spaniards
to
help
them
.
But
they
grew
at
length
to
be
conquered
,
and
have
long
been
governed
since
by
Deputies
,
or
Vice-Kings
,
under
a
most
austere
Disciplipe
,
which
hath
constrained
some
of
them
to
flye
to
the
main
Land
,
and
others
to
retire
themselves
into
the
Woods
and
Forrests
,
amongst
the
wild
beasts
,
to
seek
their
liberty
,
after
their
own
fashion
.
This
Island
was
heretofore
conquered
by
the
Saxons
,
and
a
long
time
after
by
the
Norman
under
William
the
Conquerour
.
Their
lawes
have
some
resemblance
to
those
of
Normandy
,
and
Guienne
,
which
they
had
some
ages
in
their
possession
;
where
the
Eldest
sonnes
take
almost
all
the
succession
of
their
Parents
,
leaving
but
very
little
to
their
Brothers
,
and
Sisters
.
A
very
rough
Law
,
and
almost
quire
contrary
to
that
of
Poland
;
where
when
the
Eldest
hath
divided
the
said
succession
,
the
younger
takes
the
first
Portion
,
and
after
him
the
other
;
so
that
the
last
of
all
is
left
to
the
Eldest
.
The
English
are
good
Souldiers
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
not
in
valour
and
courage
inferiour
to
any
one
Nation
whatsoever
,
and
are
more
apt
to
offend
by
temerity
,
and
overmuch
forwardnesse
,
then
cowardise
.
Inghilterra
,
bona
terra
,
&
mala
gente
.
The
Nobility
is
generally
very
courteous
,
and
chiefly
such
as
have
travelled
.
England
(
sayes
a
famous
Italian
)
is
a
good
Country
,
but
the
Inhabitants
are
very
bad
.
The
English
are
little
affected
to
other
Nations
,
and
especially
to
the
French
,
from
whom
they
have
a
great
aversion
;
nor
can
the
French
or
Scots
on
the
other
side
endure
the
incompatible
humour
of
the
English
.
After
they
had
lost
what
they
possessed
in
France
,
and
all
the
intelligence
they
had
there
,
they
fell
for
a
long
time
to
Civill
Warres
:
But
since
,
under
the
reign
of
four
Kings
,
and
two
Queens
,
they
have
seen
various
persecutions
,
not
only
about
Religion
,
but
for
matter
of
State
too
,
where
of
we
will
speak
in
the
sequel
of
this
History
.
The
women
are
incomparably
beautifull
,
and
consequently
have
a
great
influence
upon
the
men
;
yea
,
the
Queens
have
commanded
there
more
absolutely
,
and
have
been
much
better
obeyed
and
respected
then
the
Kings
.
They
treat
their
servants
and
horses
very
roughly
;
which
gave
birth
to
the
Proverb
,
That
England
is
Heaven
for
Women
,
Purgatory
for
servants
,
and
Hell
for
horses
.
King
James
,
to
smother
the
hatred
and
partiality
which
had
alwayes
been
between
the
people
of
these
Islands
,
by
laudable
advice
,
entituled
himself
King
of
great
Britain
.
The
Title
of
King
of
France
,
which
was
possessed
by
many
Kings
of
England
,
hath
alwayes
checked
the
Salick
Law
,
which
excludes
the
Heyres
Femall
of
France
from
the
Crown
:
so
that
though
the
English
possessed
almost
the
whole
kingdom
of
France
,
it
was
more
by
the
right
of
Arms
,
then
by
that
of
the
Lawes
and
Customes
.
Let
us
now
leave
Great
Britain
,
and
look
upon
Italy
,
where
there
are
many
Seates
and
Republicks
,
whereof
we
shall
make
but
little
mention
,
to
shun
superfluities
,
and
keep
our selves
within
the
limits
prescribed
in
this
History
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
Of
Italy
,
Lorraine
,
and
Savoy
.
POpe
Clement
the
8th
held
the
Chaire
,
and
by
the
prudent
administration
of
him
,
the
Venetians
,
and
the
Great
Duke
of
Tuskany
,
there
flourished
a
Peace
throughout
all
Italy
.
Every
one
preserved
himself
within
his
own
interests
;
nor
could
any
little
jealousies
take
root
,
to
the
loss
of
the
publick
Quiet
:
but
it
was
suddenly
strangled
in
the
Cradle
,
by
wise
conduct
,
and
most
subtile
policy
.
The
Popes
,
as
well
by
donation
as
other
practises
,
have
not
onely
augmented
the
Patrimony
of
St.
Peter
,
but
drawn
also
all
the
Soveraign
Authority
to
themselves
,
by
removing
the
Emperours
from
the
knowledge
of
the
Affaires
of
Italy
.
The
Faction
of
the
Guelphes
for
the
Popes
,
the
Gibelms
for
the
Emperours
,
reigned
there
long
,
and
was
not
consopited
or
quieted
,
but
by
eclipsing
almost
the
whole
Majesty
of
Emperours
by
endeavouring
to
constrain
them
to
receive
the
Crown
from
their
hands
:
A
difference
not
quite
extinguished
yet
.
Besides
,
that
they
have
ever
been
unhappy
enough
in
pursuing
their
Right
by
Arms
,
the
Italians
cutting
them
out
work
enough
amongst
themselves
,
and
often
hindring
their
coming
out
of
Germany
;
so
that
all
the
splendour
of
the
Empyre
remaines
there
,
and
is
no
otherwise
known
throughout
almost
all
Italy
,
then
only
by
name
.
Under
the
Reign
of
Valentinian
,
the
Western
Empire
was
much
tottered
by
the
Barbarians
,
which
forced
most
of
the
principall
Families
near
the
Sea
,
to
retire
into
the
Islands
of
the
Adriatick
Streights
,
and
there
lay
the
Foundations
of
that
most
puissant
City
of
Venice
,
and
of
that
most
Serene
Republick
,
which
hath
encreased
,
maintained
,
and
conserved
herself
these
twelve
ages
,
by
an
unparallelled
blessing
;
by
the
most
perfect
observance
of
the
Lawes
,
and
by
a
policy
worthy
of
admiration
.
This
gives
just
cause
to
judge
,
that
they
who
began
her
,
were
of
the
most
elevated
and
prime
of
all
Italy
;
and
not
slaves
,
as
they
were
who
laid
the
first
stone
to
the
Common-wealth
of
Rome
.
In
the
Peace
which
was
made
between
the
Emperour
Charlemayne
,
and
the
Emperour
of
Constantinople
,
it
was
concluded
,
than
that
Common-wealth
which
had
already
stood
more
then
three
ages
and
a
halfe
,
should
serve
for
a
bound
and
gate
to
the
two
Empyres
.
They
had
for
a
long
time
in
their
possession
the
kingdom
of
Gypres
,
which
the
Turks
have
now
taken
from
them
.
They
have
had
many
enemies
,
and
have
often
by
their
great
prudence
diverted
the
storms
which
have
been
ready
to
fall
upon
them
,
and
by
the
dexterity
of
their
mannagements
,
regained
that
which
they
had
lost
by
the
fate
of
Arms.
That
mad
League
of
the
Pope
,
the
Emperour
,
and
the
Kings
of
France
and
Spain
,
would
have
invaded
any
other
State
but
theirs
:
so
much
amazement
did
it
strike
into
those
Areopages
;
who
yet
,
by
their
rare
industry
were
able
to
untangle
this
fatal
conjuncture
,
and
save
their
Common-wealth
from
the
shipwrack
wherewith
she
was
much
threatned
.
In
fine
,
after
that
peace
which
they
had
made
with
the
Turk
,
and
which
followed
close
upon
the
glorious
Battel
(
but
with
small
fruit
)
of
Lepante
,
they
finished
that
Age
and
began
this
present
,
in
good
intelligence
with
their
Neighbours
.
The
King
of
Spain
enjoyes
in
Italy
the
kingdomes
of
Naples
and
Sicily
,
and
the
Duchy
of
Milan
,
upon
which
States
the
French
have
also
their
pretentions
,
which
often
cause
frequent
warres
between
the
two
Crownes
,
whereof
we
shall
speak
towards
the
end
of
this
Treatise
,
in
the
revolution
of
those
last
tumults
.
The
Grand
Duke
of
Tuskany
,
the
Dukes
of
Mantua
,
and
Parma
,
keep
their
Seates
in
peace
,
and
the
Common-wealth
of
Genoa
hers
,
tyed
fast
(
for
her
profit
)
to
the
interests
of
Spain
.
Charles
Emanuel
Duke
of
Savoy
,
a
Prince
as
subtle
as
inconstant
(
but
yet
unlucky
enough
)
for
having
seized
upon
the
Marquisat
of
Salluces
,
found
himself
forced
to
put
on
his
harnesse
,
and
to
leave
his
rest
in
the
first
year
of
this
age
,
as
we
shall
hereafter
shew
;
neither
his
journey
to
Paris
,
nor
all
the
politick
craft
he
could
use
,
being
able
to
warrant
him
from
this
check
.
The
Dukes
of
Savoy
are
very
potent
,
and
often
seen
to
make
the
skale
hang
towards
that
Crown
,
to
which
they
leane
.
France
seeks
their
friendship
to
have
the
gate
open
into
Italy
,
in
the
intrigues
whereof
she
finds
her self
passionately
concerned
.
Lorraine
was
governed
by
Duke
Charles
,
a
milde
Prince
,
who
still
complained
of
the
wrong
which
the
enemies
of
the
League
(
whereof
the
Princes
of
that
house
were
the
chief
)
had
made
him
suffer
.
This
Province
(
which
divides
Germany
from
France
)
is
very
fruitfull
,
and
takes
her
name
from
the
Emperour
Lotarius
and
her
Princes
,
their
Descent
from
Charlemagne
.
They
have
alwayes
been
great
Warriers
,
and
Godfree
of
Bouillon
,
through
zeal
of
piety
,
went
and
conquered
the
Holy
Land
.
The
Dukes
of
Lorraine
,
for
interest
of
State
,
keep
good
correspondence
with
their
Neighbours
;
and
the
last
misfortune
which
happened
in
this
Duchy
,
was
caused
rather
by
the
decline
of
the
Emperours
Affayres
,
and
the
ambition
of
him
who
thought
all
lawfull
to
him
,
then
by
the
fault
of
the
Prince
,
who
could
not
shelter
himself
from
that
storme
,
which
had
already
shivered
both
Masts
,
Sayles
,
and
Helme
.
These
States
aforesaid
,
in
regard
they
never
knew
any
Religion
but
that
of
Rome
,
suffer
not
any
other
so
much
as
to
bud
,
or
spring
there
,
and
if
peradventure
there
be
any
one
found
in
Lorraine
,
who
hath
embraced
the
Protestant
Religion
,
he
retires
himself
to
Metz
,
or
Geneva
,
and
they
of
the
Country
of
Luxenbourgh
to
Sedan
.
Diversity
of
Religions
parts
humours
,
gives
desire
of
motion
to
such
as
are
ambitious
,
and
makes
a
Prince
very
little
loved
by
them
who
are
not
of
the
same
opinion
.
We
have
already
gone
round
about
Europe
,
therefore
let
us
now
enter
into
the
middle
,
and
speak
of
those
great
Monarchies
,
which
by
their
motions
have
shaken
all
other
States
,
as
being
governed
according
to
the
influences
thereof
,
and
accommodating
their
interests
to
the
ballance
of
their
greatnesse
.
For
since
Warre
hath
been
declared
between
Spain
and
France
,
very
few
Princes
have
stood
Neutrall
;
some
having
joyned
their
forces
to
the
party
most
necessary
for
them
,
and
some
others
(
though
but
spectators
)
have
not
yet
forborne
to
poise
more
to
the
one
side
then
the
other
.
But
none
have
been
willing
to
have
either
of
these
Crowns
suppressed
by
the
other
,
for
the
apprehension
and
fear
wherein
they
all
are
of
a
Generall
Monarchy
.
CHAP.
IX
The
jealousies
between
the
two
Crownes
,
and
why
?
The
House
of
Burgundy
.
NOw
to
get
entire
knowledge
of
the
interests
of
these
two
Crownes
,
of
the
Causes
which
so
often
arm
them
,
to
the
great
detriment
of
Christendom
,
and
the
apprehensions
which
they
give
of
aspiring
to
a
general
Monarchy
,
though
by
unequall
and
different
wayes
,
we
must
goe
up
to
the
source
,
and
so
come
quickly
down
again
,
drawing
from
thence
a
true
explanation
for
our
subject
,
which
we
will
follow
as
our
guide
,
to
the
end
of
our
Course
.
France
being
delivered
from
the
warres
with
England
,
and
wholly
restored
to
her self
,
as
well
by
the
help
of
forren
,
as
the
help
of
her
Neighbours
,
and
even
the
very
Spaniards
themselves
,
with
whom
she
had
a
close
friendship
at
that
time
.
Having
(
I
say
)
shaken
off
the
yoke
of
the
English
,
who
were
expelled
from
Guyenne
,
and
Normandy
;
she
became
the
most
puissant
Monarchy
of
Europe
.
King
Charles
the
8th
went
to
feaze
upon
the
kingdom
of
Naples
,
which
was
no
sooner
got
then
lost
by
his
departure
thence
,
Lewis
the
twelfth
having
made
an
Alliance
with
Ferdinand
of
Castile
,
for
the
recovery
of
the
kingdom
enters
Italy
,
surprises
Milan
,
and
the
unjust
usurper
Sforce
,
and
so
retakes
the
said
kingdome
of
Naples
.
But
it
sometimes
happens
,
that
the
sharing
of
stakes
makes
friends
foes
;
for
these
Allyes
fell
to
oddes
,
and
Consalve
having
in
many
Encounters
routed
the
French
,
setled
the
kingdome
upon
the
Castilians
:
and
the
power
and
reputation
of
the
Spaniards
encreased
much
,
by
the
valour
of
the
great
Captain
.
The
first
reason
of
the
hatred
between
the
Spaniards
,
and
the
French
.
Francis
the
first
,
having
broken
the
Swissers
in
a
great
Battail
,
easily
made
himsel
Master
of
the
Duke
dome
of
Milan
and
consequently
of
the
kingdom
of
Naples
.
But
Fortune
smiled
upon
the
French
only
to
betray
them
:
For
she
suddenly
turned
to
the
Spaniards
,
who
took
King
Francis
prisoner
,
and
established
themselves
in
the
said
kingdome
,
and
in
the
State
of
Milan
.
Now
from
hence
proceeded
the
hatred
between
the
two
Nations
,
which
hath
since
been
augmented
according
to
occurrences
of
State-jealousies
,
and
other
considerable
accidents
,
whereof
we
will
here
give
a
short
hint
.
The
second
reason
.
But
there
is
a
second
and
a
more
pregnant
reason
,
for
which
not
only
France
,
but
the
neighbouring
States
also
have
conceived
apprehensions
of
jealousies
,
which
is
that
of
the
Union
of
Spain
by
marriage
with
the
houses
of
Austria
and
Burgundy
,
and
the
latter
of
these
began
thus
.
Philip
de
Valois
,
(
none
to
John
the
sixth
King
of
France
,
for
having
well
defended
his
Father
in
a
Battail
against
the
English
,
was
by
marriage
made
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
Prince
of
the
Low-countries
,
and
John
his
sonne
succeeded
him
not
onely
in
all
the
Provinces
of
his
Parents
,
but
in
the
hatred
also
which
he
bore
to
the
House
of
Orleans
.
Now
,
this
young
Prince
going
with
a
great
force
of
the
Nobility
of
France
,
and
the
Low-countries
into
Hungary
,
against
the
Turk
,
fell
into
the
hands
of
Bajazet
,
who
would
have
caused
him
to
be
beheaded
,
as
well
as
the
rest
of
the
prisoners
,
had
he
not
been
advised
to
put
him
to
a
Ransom
,
and
send
him
home
;
and
this
because
it
was
discovered
in
his
physiognomy
,
that
he
should
one
day
become
the
Author
of
much
disturbance
to
Christendome
:
which
afterwards
proved
true
.
For
he
caused
the
Duke
of
Orleans
to
be
massacred
,
which
raised
a
huge
warre
between
these
two
illustrious
Houses
,
to
the
great
advancement
of
the
English
affaires
in
France
.
But
now
,
for
the
remedy
of
all
those
evills
,
a
Peace
was
made
,
and
Duke
John
assassinated
in
a
Conference
in
the
presence
of
the
Dolphin
.
Now
this
dismal
chance
,
this
unseasonable
revenge
,
and
this
mad
Counsell
was
the
cause
why
the
English
assisted
by
the
Burgundians
and
Flemmings
,
made
themselves
masters
of
almost
all
the
kingdome
of
France
.
For
Philip
surnamed
the
Good
,
joyned
with
the
English
,
to
revenge
the
death
of
his
Father
against
Charles
the
seventh
.
In
fine
,
there
happening
a
civil
warre
in
England
between
the
Houses
of
Lancaster
and
York
,
the
White
and
Red
Rose
,
and
Duke
Philip
drawing
his
stake
out
of
the
play
;
the
English
came
by
degrees
to
loose
all
they
had
gotten
in
the
said
kingdome
.
This
good
Prince
instituted
and
established
the
Order
of
the
Golden
Fleece
in
the
year
1430
,
and
tyed
so
by
succession
all
those
Provinces
into
one
body
,
to
which
Charles
the
Combatant
annexed
the
Duchy
of
Guelders
sold
to
him
by
Duke
Arnolt
,
for
the
summe
of
92
thousand
Crowns
.
The
pretensions
of
the
Duke
of
Juleers
,
or
Gulick
,
were
also
granted
by
consent
of
the
Emperour
Frederick
in
consideration
of
the
summe
of
eighty
thousand
Florens
in
gold
.
He
left
one
only
Daughter
named
Mary
of
Valois
,
who
was
a
very
vertuous
Princess
,
and
was
married
to
Maxmilian
of
Austria
;
and
her
death
proved
fatall
to
the
Low-countries
in
respect
of
the
war
which
followed
there
.
Her
sonne
Philip
having
renewed
his
alliance
with
Henry
the
seventh
,
went
into
Spain
and
married
Iane
of
Castile
,
who
brought
him
Charles
of
Austria
.
And
thus
,
these
Provinces
being
bound
first
to
the
House
of
Burgundy
,
and
then
to
that
of
Austria
,
came
last
into
the
possession
of
that
of
Spain
;
which
by
the
discovery
and
conquest
of
the
Indies
(
happening
almost
at
the
same
time
)
is
become
most
puissant
and
terrible
,
as
well
to
other
States
and
Princes
,
as
also
to
the
Ottomans
themselves
;
who
seeing
the
Romane
Empyre
governed
by
a
Prince
of
this
Family
loaden
with
so
many
Crowns
and
so
many
potent
States
,
take
no
small
pleasure
in
seeing
so
many
Schismes
amongst
the
Christians
.
Charles
being
chosen
Emperour
,
had
Francis
the
first
for
his
Competitor
,
which
kindled
great
Warres
between
them
.
The
success
whereof
was
,
that
Francis
being
taken
prisoner
,
promised
(
though
he
performed
not
)
to
restore
the
Duchy
of
Burgundy
and
renounce
the
Rights
which
the
Kings
of
France
had
had
in
some
Provinces
of
the
Low-countries
,
land
Italy
:
so
that
the
Heyres
of
Charles
remained
a
long
time
in
the
quiet
and
peacefull
possession
of
them
;
France
being
enough
embroyled
at
home
by
the
tender
youth
of
three
Kings
(
all
sonnes
to
Henry
the
second
)
and
by
Civill
Warre
,
without
looking
back
into
old
quarrels
.
The
House
of
Austria
encreased
by
Marriages
and
Navigation
.
And
here
we
may
see
how
by
marriages
and
Navigations
,
the
House
of
Austria
is
both
amplified
and
elevated
;
which
hath
maintained
her self
by
arms
,
given
jealousies
to
the
Princes
of
Europe
by
her
victories
,
and
struck
sear
and
hatred
into
the
soules
of
the
Protestants
;
who
have
made
Leagues
to
uphold
themselves
,
and
put
a
flea
into
the
eare
of
France
;
which
hath
abandoned
the
interests
of
Religion
to
make
her self
great
,
and
check
this
formidable
power
.
From
this
Knot
or
Tye
of
so
many
Crowns
,
and
great
States
together
,
(
wherewith
the
King
of
Spaines
head
is
burthened
,
)
sprang
that
ticklish
,
and
indissoluble
difference
of
precedency
or
preheminency
,
which
the
Kings
of
France
by
the
title
of
(
Eldest
sonnes
of
the
Church
,
and
most
Christian
Kings
)
have
alwayes
attributed
to
themselves
.
CHAP.
X
A
Relation
of
the
mischiefs
happened
in
France
under
the
minority
of
the
Kings
,
and
by
the
diversity
of
Religions
.
The
jealousie
about
the
power
of
the
Guilards
.
The
Evils
in
France
through
State-jealousie
.
FRance
by
the
deplorable
death
of
Henry
the
second
,
grew
in
a
very
short
space
to
sink
into
calamities
,
which
dured
to
the
end
of
the
last
Age.
The
evil
began
in
the
minority
of
Francis
the
second
,
and
under
the
Regency
of
Katharin
de
Medicis
;
through
a
jealousie
which
thrust
it self
in
amongst
the
Princes
of
the
Blood
,
the
Constable
Montmorency
,
the
Counts
of
Chattillon
,
and
Andelot
,
Admiral
Caspar
de
Colligny
,
and
other
Lords
on
the
one
side
;
and
the
Dukes
of
Guise
,
the
Princes
of
the
House
of
La●rraine
,
and
other
Noblemen
on
the
other
.
The
Princes
complained
of
the
Guisards
,
or
them
of
the
House
of
Guise
(
whom
in
mockery
,
and
to
make
them
odious
,
they
termed
strangers
)
had
the
mannagement
of
all
the
Affaires
of
France
in
their
hands
.
They
almost
all
embraced
the
Reformed
Religion
,
which
at
that
time
began
to
encrease
much
through
the
whole
kingdome
,
whereof
they
declared
themselves
Protectors
.
The
chief
motive
of
hatred
betwixt
these
two
most
illustrious
and
ancient
Families
,
grew
from
a
jest
which
the
Admiral
de
Colligny
cast
upon
the
Duke
of
Guise
,
concerning
the
taking
of
Theonnille
.
A
prick
of
a
Lance
,
which
drew
such
a
deluge
of
blood
,
as
no
Chirurgion
was
able
to
stench
.
Hatred
between
these
two
Houses
for
a
jest
.
The
greatest
part
of
the
Ecclesiasticks
,
and
the
most
zealous
of
the
Romane
Catholicks
took
the
Party
of
the
King
,
and
the
Guisards
.
Many
Battails
were
fought
,
many
Siedges
of
Townes
laid
,
and
many
Peaces
made
,
and
no
sooner
made
then
broken
.
In
fine
,
under
Charles
the
ninth
,
at
the
Wedding
of
the
King
of
Navarre
at
Paris
,
upon
the
Eve
of
Saint
Bartholomew
,
hapned
that
abhominable
Massacre
so
much
,
and
so
justly
exclained
against
by
the
Protestants
,
and
blamed
even
by
the
Romane
Catholicks
themselves
.
In
the
Reign
of
Henry
the
third
was
made
a
League
,
called
the
Holy
League
,
for
the
exclusion
of
Henry
de
Bourbon
from
succession
to
the
Crown
,
as
being
an
Heretick
,
whereof
the
Duke
of
Guise
,
(
a
Prince
of
courage
and
high
esteem
)
was
the
Head
,
who
having
routed
the
Reyters
,
or
Germane
Horse
,
ented
Paris
in
despight
of
the
King
,
where
he
was
received
by
the
Citizens
with
excess
of
honours
;
and
when
the
showes
of
joy
were
ended
,
they
raised
certain
Barricadoes
,
which
made
the
King
retire
himself
to
a
place
of
safety
.
A
Fatall
Honour
to
all
subjects
,
how
innocent
soever
they
be
.
For
redress
of
these
disorders
,
there
was
a
Peace
endeavoured
betwixt
.
the
King
and
the
Duke
.
The
place
of
Treaty
was
Blois
,
where
the
King
(
contrary
to
his
Royal
Word
given
him
)
caused
both
him
and
the
Cardinal
his
Brother
,
to
be
treacherously
murthered
.
His
Children
were
saved
by
the
Queen-Mother
;
for
the
King
had
resolved
to
extirpate
the
whole
Race
,
thereby
to
prevent
the
danger
of
revenge
.
Paris
revolted
,
and
in
imitation
thereof
,
many
other
Townes
besides
:
The
King
applied
himself
to
the
Huguenot
Party
,
and
sent
for
the
King
of
Navarre
,
which
rendered
him
still
more
odious
,
and
caused
him
to
be
published
for
an
Heretick
.
He
besieged
Paris
,
but
was
unhappily
stabbed
by
a
Monk
,
whereof
he
died
,
having
already
declared
Henry
of
Bourbon
for
his
true
successour
,
and
Heyr
to
the
Crown
;
to
whom
he
also
left
a
third
Dispute
for
the
kingdome
of
Navarre
.
This
stab
extinguished
the
Race
of
the
Valois
,
ended
the
life
of
the
Prince
,
and
there
with
also
the
desire
he
had
to
inflict
a
rigorous
chastisement
upon
the
City
of
Paris
,
CHAP.
XI
Disturbances
in
the
Low-Countries
,
and
why
?
The
Peace
of
Vervin
followes
.
The
donation
of
the
Low-Countries
,
to
the
Infanta
.
THe
King
of
Spain
was
in
no
lesse
trouble
about
the
Low-countries
,
for
the
conservation
whereof
,
he
spared
not
his
Treasures
brought
him
from
the
Indies
;
nor
followed
lesse
the
Counsell
of
Cardinal
Granvel
,
then
the
Roman
Catholicks
of
France
did
that
of
the
Cardinal
of
Lorraine
.
But
the
Prince
of
Orange
assisted
by
the
Protestants
of
Germany
,
eluded
their
care
,
in
such
sort
,
as
that
neither
the
wise
conduct
of
the
Duchesse
of
Parma
,
nor
the
rough
proceedings
of
the
Duke
of
Alva
,
nor
the
very
presence
of
King
Philips
Brother
himself
,
no
nor
the
inimitable
valour
of
that
Great
Italian
Alexander
,
was
able
to
prevaile
so
farre
,
but
that
seven
Provinces
untied
themselves
from
obedience
to
the
King
,
and
formed
a
potent
Common-wealth
amongst
themselves
,
by
the
change
of
Religion
;
without
which
,
it
is
very
probable
,
that
neither
the
situation
,
nor
the
Rivers
,
not
all
that
which
could
hurt
the
Spaniards
,
would
have
been
able
to
secure
or
defend
them
against
the
potency
of
Spain
.
But
now
from
whence
came
all
these
disorders
?
Who
laid
the
first
stone
,
and
fixed
the
foundation
of
so
dismal
and
fatall
a
Warre
?
There
are
many
causes
,
and
divers
pretexts
thereof
to
be
noted
.
We
will
therefore
go
to
the
fountain
,
since
the
streams
are
sufficiently
known
.
Under
the
General
Title
of
Low-countries
,
are
comprised
seventeen
Provinces
;
so
rich
,
so
well
peopled
,
so
full
of
fair
Towns
,
and
big
Villages
,
together
with
the
situation
and
strength
of
the
Inhabitants
,
that
if
they
were
united
together
,
I
know
not
who
would
presume
to
attach
them
,
how
powerful
so
ever
he
were
,
either
by
Sea
or
Land
.
But
plenty
doth
not
more
disunite
people
then
want
,
and
the
winde
of
ambition
raises
not
lesse
storm
,
then
ill-taken
zeal
in
Religion
.
These
Countries
have
been
almost
a
whole
Age
the
Theater
of
a
most
sad
,
and
dreadful
Warre
,
caused
by
the
two
aforementioned
Passions
,
which
have
brought
them
to
this
state
,
wherein
they
are
seen
at
present
.
They
had
every
one
their
Prince
or
Go●ernour
apart
;
but
by
little
and
little
,
as
well
by
Marriages
,
and
Successions
,
as
other
means
,
they
grew
to
be
devolved
under
the
House
of
Burgundy
,
and
afterwards
under
that
of
Austria
,
as
we
have
noted
already
.
For
,
during
the
Warres
of
the
Emperour
Charles
the
sift
,
and
Francis
the
first
,
they
were
governed
by
the
Queen
of
Hungary
,
Sister
to
the
aforesaid
Charles
.
In
fine
,
this
good
Prince
having
with
an
unparallelled
example
of
resolution
,
transferred
all
his
States
upon
his
sonne
Philip
,
and
the
Empyre
upon
his
Brother
Fordinand
,
so
to
retire
himself
into
a
private
condition
;
the
said
King
Philip
his
sonne
before
his
departure
,
gave
the
government
of
the
aforesaid
Provinces
in
generall
to
his
Sister
,
and
in
particular
,
to
some
certain
Knights
of
the
Golden
Fleece
,
who
had
faithfully
served
both
his
Father
and
himself
in
the
Warres
against
France
.
Now
the
Order
given
to
pluck
up
the
tender
plants
of
new
opinions
in
Religion
,
was
by
such
as
hunted
after
a
Change
in
State
,
interpreted
for
the
Spanish
Inquisition
,
and
the
retardment
of
the
forraine
Militia
for
the
maintaining
thereof
.
The
introduction
of
new
Bishops
made
a
double
operation
,
by
giving
an
Alarme
as
well
to
the
Clergy
,
as
to
them
who
had
embraced
the
profession
of
a
Religion
,
which
excluded
both
Old
and
New
.
The
Governesse
(
notwithstanding
the
coldnesse
of
some
prime
Ministers
)
stopped
the
disease
with
agreeable
nutriment
,
and
a
sleight
bleeding
;
and
so
rendered
a
superficial
kind
of
health
to
this
Body
,
so
much
stuffed
with
ill
humours
.
But
King
Philip
irritated
by
the
contemp
of
his
authority
,
and
commandments
,
had
recourse
to
the
arms
of
Justice
;
which
by
violent
proceedings
,
applies
both
Sword
and
Fire
;
amazes
the
Good
,
represses
the
audacity
of
others
;
inexorably
punishes
the
bad
,
and
by
demanding
the
tenth
penny
reversed
or
overthrew
all
that
,
which
was
no
more
then
shaken
before
.
Thus
have
you
the
seeds
of
the
Evills
,
which
gave
birth
to
those
long
warres
,
which
have
had
divers
qualifications
and
various
successes
under
many
Governours
;
who
like
unskilfull
Physitians
either
performed
not
their
care
,
or
else
prescribed
all
things
contrary
,
because
the
Disease
was
incurable
.
Some
make
William
Prince
of
Orange
Authour
of
all
those
troubles
;
and
others
impute
it
to
the
cruelty
of
the
Duke
of
Alva
.
But
be
it
what
it
will
,
this
People
(
being
very
intense
upon
the
conservation
of
their
priviledges
,
and
most
prone
to
jealousie
,
motion
,
and
surprise
)
was
more
agitated
by
the
passion
of
others
,
then
by
their
own
,
so
that
Ambition
urging
them
to
act
under
the
pretence
of
priviledges
and
liberty
of
conscience
;
and
rigour
falling
upon
them
,
to
make
them
unseasonably
stoop
to
the
commandments
of
their
Master
,
urged
them
to
fly
to
the
Sword
.
Insomuch
,
as
sometimes
,
neither
naked
Justice
,
nor
Treaties
of
Reconciliation
,
were
able
to
soften
their
exasperated
and
irritated
Hearts
:
And
such
of
these
Provinces
as
are
nearest
the
Sea
,
shewed
then
another
kind
of
countenance
both
to
the
Church
and
Government
;
and
being
succoured
by
their
jealous
Neighbours
,
continued
this
warre
with
much
advantage
.
The
King
gives
the
Low-countries
to
the
Intanta
his
Daughter
.
The
King
therefore
being
tired
with
so
prolix
a
warre
,
made
over
all
the
the
Provinces
to
his
Daughter
Isabell
;
but
it
was
,
after
he
had
sent
Alexander
twice
into
France
,
to
relieve
the
Leaguers
,
or
Confederates
,
which
much
advanced
their
Affaires
,
and
gave
them
meanes
to
lay
about
them
,
for
the
settlement
of
their
Common-wealth
.
And
this
was
the
state
of
things
in
the
Low-countries
,
towards
the
end
of
the
Age.
Now
Cardinal
Albert
was
sent
from
Spain
to
govern
the
aforesaid
Provinces
,
who
brought
the
Prince
of
Orange
with
him
,
and
falling
in
his
Enterprise
upon
Marseilles
,
through
the
vigilancie
of
the
Dake
of
Guise
,
he
took
possession
of
his
aforesaid
Government
,
by
the
resignation
of
the
Conde
de
Fuentes
,
who
had
not
long
before
seised
upon
Cambray
and
Dourlens
.
Albert
hearing
that
La
Fere
was
streightned
by
King
Henry
,
resolved
to
make
a
diversion
,
which
might
either
be
able
to
raise
the
siege
,
or
at
least
to
recompence
the
losse
of
the
said
place
,
in
case
it
were
taken
.
Wherefore
,
he
sent
Monsieur
de
Rosne
,
to
besiege
Calis
,
which
he
quickly
took
,
together
with
the
Town
of
Ardre
,
notwithstanding
the
succour
from
England
and
Holland
.
La
Fere
rendred
it self
at
the
end
of
seven
months
siege
;
and
that
which
happened
afterwards
of
most
importance
for
the
good
of
the
Crown
of
France
,
was
the
Reconciliation
of
the
Duke
of
Mayenne
,
and
the
rest
of
the
League
with
King
Henry
.
Albert
resolved
to
make
the
united
Provinces
also
feel
the
stroake
of
his
Arms
:
And
so
he
presented
himself
before
Ostend
(
an
Apple
not
yet
ripe
)
and
afterwards
before
Hulet
,
which
after
many
Assaults
,
he
at
length
carried
.
But
the
Marshall
de
Rosue
had
his
Head
taken
off
by
a
Canon
Bullet
,
and
more
then
three
thousand
souldiers
were
also
slaine
.
The
year
following
,
Prince
Maurice
had
his
revenge
near
Turnhawt
,
where
he
cut
off
the
Troops
of
the
Count
de
Varax
.
In
the
month
of
March
of
the
same
year
,
Hernantello
Governour
of
Dourlens
,
like
a
Fox
surprised
Amiens
by
a
stratagem
,
to
the
great
astonishment
of
all
France
,
and
the
King
retook
it
like
a
Lion
,
after
six
moneths
siege
.
He
passed
thither
with
strong
forces
,
and
thought
to
have
given
a
just
retaliation
to
the
Spaniards
by
surprising
Arras
;
but
he
was
repulsed
by
the
young
Count
of
Buquoy
,
who
after
wards
rendred
great
and
remarkable
services
to
the
Emperour
,
as
we
shall
shortly
shew
.
During
the
time
of
these
changes
,
the
Pope
forbore
not
to
represent
to
the
King
the
misfortunes
and
mischiefes
which
this
long
Warre
brought
upon
Christendome
;
and
beseeched
him
to
hearken
to
a
good
and
firm
Peace
with
the
King
of
Spain
;
especially
,
being
invited
thereto
by
the
disorders
of
his
own
kingdome
,
and
the
fear
of
a
new
Revolt
,
more
dangerous
then
the
former
.
There
was
none
but
the
Queen
of
England
,
and
the
Confederated
States
who
endeavoured
by
advantageous
offers
to
divert
him
,
and
keep
him
on
horse-back
:
Though
yet
he
dissembled
their
reproaches
,
and
answered
,
that
the
Queen
was
a
gainer
by
this
warre
;
but
for
his
part
,
that
his
people
was
exhausted
,
and
that
he
received
many
and
great
dammages
from
the
Spaniards
,
who
promised
by
this
Peace
,
to
render
all
they
had
gotten
in
France
:
That
he
was
obliged
as
a
good
King
,
and
a
good
Father
,
to
solace
and
refresh
his
poor
subjects
.
So
that
all
their
offers
,
and
many
more
,
the
Peace
of
Vervin
.
2598.
were
not
able
to
hinder
this
holy
work
,
which
was
concluded
and
established
at
Vervin
in
the
moneth
of
May
,
1598.
The
King
of
Spain
also
for
his
part
was
urged
to
make
Peace
,
as
seeing
himself
crazed
with
age
,
and
having
a
young
Prince
,
and
a
Princesse
(
his
children
)
to
marry
,
and
Fortune
very
often
against
him
:
Besides
three
enemies
upon
his
back
;
as
France
,
and
the
Confederated
Provinces
,
which
threatened
him
with
the
utter
losse
of
the
Low-countries
;
and
England
,
which
either
destroyed
or
spoyled
his
Fleets
upon
the
Ocean
,
endangered
thereof
the
Indies
,
and
put
him
to
great
charges
to
secure
it
;
and
lastly
,
their
taking
of
Cales
,
the
prime
key
of
the
kingdom
,
and
other
Places
.
Now
by
vertue
of
this
Peace
,
the
places
were
restored
:
But
the
pretentions
,
which
each
of
these
Kings
hath
to
some
certain
Demaynes
of
the
other
,
were
not
taken
away
:
From
whence
sprang
the
seed
of
new
Warres
,
which
were
one
day
to
smoother
the
promises
of
arming
no
more
,
even
though
there
should
be
occasion
for
it
.
The
Peace
was
received
by
the
poor
people
with
such
showes
of
joy
,
and
teares
of
tendernesse
,
as
cannot
be
comprehended
but
by
such
as
have
suffered
,
and
almost
lost
all
.
The
States
in
the
mean
while
,
let
not
these
occasions
slip
,
by
the
great
distance
of
the
Cardinals
forces
.
For
Prince
Maurice
marched
into
the
Field
,
took
Bergh
,
Grol
,
Oldenseel
,
Lingen
,
and
some
other
places
;
which
progress
purchased
him
the
reputation
of
a
very
great
Captain
,
and
of
understanding
the
profession
of
the
Militia
,
as
well
as
any
man
of
his
time
.
After
the
publication
of
the
Peace
,
Philip
the
second
by
his
Letters
Patents
dated
at
Madrid
the
6th
of
May
,
1598.
conferred
all
the
Low-countries
,
together
with
the
Duchy
of
Burgundy
upon
the
Infanta
Isabell
his
Daughter
;
to
which
the
Prince
her
Brother
consented
,
and
confirmed
it
both
by
oath
and
writing
;
upon
condition
,
that
if
the
said
Princesse
came
to
die
without
children
,
the
said
Provinces
should
return
to
the
Dominion
of
Spain
;
besides
many
other
Clauses
,
too
long
to
recite
.
Now
,
forasmuch
as
the
actions
of
great
persons
are
examined
,
and
either
approved
or
disapproved
,
according
to
every
ones
passion
;
this
which
I
here
note
,
was
not
forgotten
by
the
contrary
party
.
All
things
are
profitable
;
yea
,
Lyes
themselves
(
provided
they
last
four
and
twenty
hours
)
are
of
utility
and
advantage
.
CHAP.
XII
The
Areh-Duke
goes
into
Spain
,
and
the
Admirall
into
the
Duchy
of
Cleveland
.
The
death
of
King
Philip.
His
admirable
Patience
.
THe
Allyes
of
both
parties
were
invited
to
the
Peace
of
Vervin
;
but
the
Queen
of
England
not
being
able
to
induce
the
States
to
it
,
resolved
to
joyn
with
them
in
warre
,
under
conditions
of
more
advantage
to
her
then
before
.
This
gave
the
Arch-Duke
subject
to
complain
of
her
,
for
continuing
a
warre
with
so
great
stomack
and
grudge
upon
him
,
by
whom
she
had
never
been
offended
.
But
he
having
now
received
the
Procuration
of
the
Infanta
his
Wife
,
was
acknowledged
,
and
received
for
Prince
of
the
Low-countries
,
and
he
wrote
a
Letter
to
the
Confederated
States
,
but
received
no
Answer
.
The
Arch-Duke
goes
into
Spain
.
He
departed
for
Spain
with
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
and
passed
through
Germany
to
conduct
Queen
Margaret
of
Austria
,
nominating
for
Governour
during
his
absence
Cardinal
Andrew
;
and
the
Admirall
of
Arragon
for
Captain
General
;
who
led
a
strong
Army
into
Cleveland
,
and
Westphalia
,
where
he
took
Rinberg
,
and
many
other
small
places
;
and
made
his
Winter-Quarter
there
,
notwithstanding
the
complaints
of
the
Lower-Ceroles
.
He
sent
La
Bourlette
to
the
Isle
of
Bommel
,
took
Crevecoeur
,
laid
siege
to
Bommel
,
which
he
was
forced
to
raise
;
and
so
after
he
had
built
the
Fort
of
St.
Andrews
,
he
retreated
into
Brabant
,
where
his
souldiers
began
to
mutiny
for
want
of
pay
.
The
Ceroles
had
raised
another
Army
,
which
was
disbanded
for
want
of
order
;
some
of
them
being
for
the
Spaniards
,
and
the
other
for
the
States
.
It
is
in
vain
to
lead
great
forces
into
the
Field
,
without
a
good
purse
to
maintain
them
,
and
good
counsell
to
encourage
them
.
The
death
of
King
Philip.
King
Philip
lived
not
long
after
the
conclusion
of
the
Peace
,
which
he
also
wished
both
with
the
English
and
Hollanders
,
as
being
desirous
to
die
in
Peace
.
He
was
long
tormented
with
a
feaver
,
and
two
impostumes
;
and
in
fine
,
his
whole
body
was
so
wasted
,
that
it
was
pittiful
to
behold
,
But
more
admirable
was
his
patience
,
to
suffer
all
as
he
did
without
murmuring
.
He
commanded
like
a
great
Prince
,
and
died
like
a
good
Christian
.
In
the
beginning
of
his
Reign
he
was
happy
,
but
in
the
decline
of
his
age
,
he
saw
the
losse
of
one
part
of
the
Low-countries
,
and
received
many
other
dammages
from
the
English
.
He
was
much
blamed
for
not
coming
himself
in
person
into
Brabant
,
and
for
proceeding
too
roughly
with
that
people
,
which
had
been
so
affectiona●e
to
the
Emperour
Charles
,
and
in
fine
,
for
constituting
two
Generals
over
the
Fleet
,
surnamed
The
Invincible
.
The
Father
stripped
himself
of
his
States
two
years
before
his
death
,
to
attend
to
pious
exercises
;
And
the
Sonne
two
years
before
his
:
was
afflicted
with
grievous
pains
and
torments
,
which
he
suffered
with
superlative
patience
.
Some
Writers
,
who
take
pleasure
in
looking
back
into
the
Causes
of
such
accidents
,
within
the
secrets
of
the
Almighty
,
have
presumed
to
publish
that
it
was
a
punishment
from
heaven
,
for
the
cruelties
which
his
Governours
had
practised
,
as
well
in
the
Low-countries
,
as
in
the
Indies
.
Others
of
more
moderation
have
believed
,
that
God
had
a
mind
to
shew
in
the
person
of
this
porent
Prince
,
that
all
the
Greatness
of
this
world
is
nothing
but
dust
and
vermin
.
There
is
nothing
constant
in
this
world
,
but
the
constant
order
of
Change
and
Vicissitude
.
The
I'underbolt
strikes
none
but
the
highest
Towers
,
and
loftiest
Mountaines
.
By
his
endeavouring
to
succour
the
League
in
Franc●
,
he
lost
the
confederated
Provinces
:
And
in
the
design
of
invading
England
,
he
lost
a
most
powerfull
Navy
,
and
armed
enemies
against
his
States
,
who
gave
him
much
displeasure
and
trouble
.
CHAP.
XIII
The
differences
which
happened
between
the
Earls
of
Fr●ezland
,
and
the
Town
of
Embden
.
The
States
put
a
Garrison
there
.
THe
knowledge
of
the
difference
of
the
Town
of
Embden
,
with
the
Earls
thereof
,
is
to
be
joyned
to
that
of
the
Low-countries
;
and
so
by
consequence
,
it
is
convenient
to
mention
it
here
.
When
Townes
grow
strong
,
they
ordinarily
loose
their
will
to
obey
;
for
which
they
never
want
either
examples
or
pretexts
,
whether
it
be
of
Religion
or
Priviledge
;
yea
,
and
to
accuse
the
weaker
party
of
injustice
too
,
if
they
get
a
good
issue
in
it
.
Now
this
Town
whereof
we
are
speaking
being
very
much
encreased
and
enriched
by
the
great
number
of
people
which
repaired
thither
,
there
to
seek
(
as
it
were
)
a
sanctuary
,
from
the
rigorous
execution
of
the
Placarts
of
the
Duke
of
Alva
,
against
all
such
as
had
licentiously
,
(
and
perhaps
by
old
priviledges
)
broaken
Images
,
and
thrown
down
Altars
;
as
also
for
the
conveniencie
of
the
Haven
,
which
was
held
then
,
and
still
is
,
one
of
the
best
of
the
Low-countries
,
and
of
the
North
Seas
.
In
the
first
place
,
the
Citizens
began
to
murmur
against
their
Count
;
saying
,
that
he
would
clip
their
priviledges
and
Religion
:
That
he
bad
already
introduced
a
new
one
into
his
own
House
;
That
he
raised
souldiers
underhand
;
That
he
forbad
the
Consistorial
Assemblies
,
and
the
like
.
A
bold
,
and
licentious
pretext
.
T●●●ults
in
the
Town
.
Now
,
their
humours
being
thus
prepared
,
there
wanted
nothing
but
a
hot
,
●iry
and
zealous
Preacher
to
set
them
a
work
,
who
also
was
quickly
found
in
the
person
of
one
Mentzo
Alting
(
a
man
odious
to
the
Count
for
some
important
reasons
)
who
got
up
into
the
Pulpit
,
desplayed
his
Rhetorick
,
cryed
down
his
Masters
actions
,
foretold
the
ruine
of
the
Town
,
endeavored
to
excuse
himself
of
what
was
imposed
upon
him
,
protested
to
be
gone
with
the
consent
of
the
Townsmen
;
however
he
were
content
to
stay
with
his
Flock
,
and
live
and
die
with
his
sheep
,
and
the
like
.
Words
no
lesse
audacious
,
then
those
of
the
Priests
(
whom
a
certain
learned
person
called
Baals
elsewhere
)
for
the
League
in
France
.
It
concerns
not
Church-men
to
blow
the
Trumper
,
nor
such
as
thrust
their
noses
into
State-matters
through
passion
of
Religion
,
to
excuse
in
some
,
what
they
accuse
in
others
.
Iliacos
intra
muros
peccatur
,
&
extra
.
These
reasons
were
as
welcome
to
the
people
(
which
loves
Novelty
in
State
,
provided
it
be
preached
)
as
a
draught
of
water
uses
to
be
to
a
thirsty
person
.
In
short
,
they
arm
,
they
choose
six
Collonels
amongst
the
Citizens
;
they
invoke
that
Great
God
,
who
hears
and
sees
all
;
and
at
length
,
they
turn
their
Ordnance
upon
the
Counts
Pallace
.
O
brave
proceeding
!
O
true
forms
of
Justice
!
The
Count
asks
the
reason
of
this
novelty
,
and
whether
they
disowned
their
obedience
to
the
Emperour
,
the
Empyre
,
and
himself
?
They
answered
,
that
they
had
taken
arms
for
Religion
,
and
their
own
defence
,
against
many
falfe
accusations
:
That
they
made
no
difficulty
to
acknowledge
the
Emperour
and
him
as
their
Lords
,
and
whatever
else
should
be
reasonable
.
In
these
Contests
they
rush
upon
his
House
,
making
themselves
Masters
thereof
by
force
,
and
dispatch
their
Embassadours
to
the
Haghe
,
as
the
Count
also
did
his
;
he
to
complain
of
the
insolency
of
his
subjects
,
and
they
to
justify
their
actions
.
The
effect
of
these
Embasies
was
,
that
they
put
themselves
under
the
protection
of
the
States
,
A
Garrison
of
the
States
in
the
Town
.
and
took
a
Garrison
of
a
thousand
men
into
the
Town
,
to
the
disadvantage
of
the
said
Count
;
who
at
last
was
fain
to
suffer
his
House
to
be
shut
up
,
and
some
other
extremities
,
which
have
much
weakned
and
skattered
his
authority-The
Townesmen
embraced
the
Reformed
Religion
,
yea
,
and
they
threw
the
Bowle
yet
farther
:
For
,
by
a
more
ancient
priviledge
they
had
a
grant
of
a
Religion
,
conform
with
that
of
Ausbourgh
.
See
Emmanuel
de
Merten
.
From
this
disorder
sprang
much
good
to
the
united
Provinces
,
by
securing
to
themselves
this
so
advantageous
Port
,
which
otherwise
by
these
divisions
might
have
fallen
into
the
hands
of
their
enemies
.
But
this
agreement
being
made
in
hast
,
could
not
last
long
,
and
so
there
happened
some
disturbance
;
which
is
an
ordinary
thing
,
when
any
one
party
gets
too
much
interest
.
The
Count
complained
to
the
Emperour
of
the
said
Town
,
by
which
he
was
accused
to
have
had
some
intelligences
there
,
so
to
make
himself
absolute
Lord
of
it
:
But
these
complaints
;
as
well
as
that
which
followed
afterwards
for
the
Traffick
in
Spain
,
were
quickly
patched
together
with
a
weak
thred
.
In
the
mean
time
Count
Edzard
died
,
and
left
five
sonnes
;
Enne
,
Gustave
,
John
,
Christopher
,
and
Charles
,
the
Eldest
whereof
reconciled
himself
to
the
Town
.
Christopher
went
to
serve
the
Arch-Duke
,
and
was
afterwards
Governour
of
Luxenbourgh
.
The
Count
will
repaire
his
authority
.
In
the
year
1602.
Count
Enne
propped
by
some
Gentry
,
(
as
Cuiphanse
,
and
others
)
endeavoured
to
repayre
his
authority
by
imposing
Taxes
,
forcing
the
small
Townes
,
and
nourishing
a
faction
in
Embden
.
And
so
he
raised
souldiers
,
under
pretext
of
going
against
the
Turk
;
gave
his
Daughter
to
his
Brother
John
,
who
married
her
by
a
dispensation
from
the
Pope
,
and
embraced
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
;
and
fortified
some
villages
to
block
up
the
River
.
The
States
of
Holland
(
moved
more
by
their
own
interest
,
then
by
the
complaints
of
the
Town
)
sent
to
oppose
him
,
drove
him
out
of
the
Villages
(
who
retyred
into
Germany
)
and
justified
their
proceedings
by
suspicions
,
and
informations
,
which
they
said
they
had
received
from
Brussels
,
that
the
said
Count
acted
for
the
Spaniards
,
and
would
bring
them
into
the
Town
,
Now
he
had
remonstrated
before
both
to
the
Emperour
and
Empyre
,
that
it
would
be
expedient
to
exercise
an
Admiralty
upon
the
River
of
Enis
,
so
to
prejudice
the
nearest
Inhabitants
;
with
reasons
strong
enough
to
move
that
great
and
dull
Body
,
(
if
it
could
be
moved
)
which
so
many
Dyets
have
had
so
much
adoe
to
awaken
.
In
sine
,
Whatsoever
is
profitable
in
matter
of
State
,
seems
lawfull
:
But
what
we
do
our selves
,
we
ought
not
to
condemn
in
others
.
the
Peace
made
1506.
The
suspicion
daily
encreased
,
and
that
chiefly
because
Count
John
of
Ritsbergh
was
become
a
Roman
Catholick
.
But
at
last
,
by
the
intercession
of
the
King
of
England
,
and
the
States-Generall
,
the
Peace
was
made
at
the
Haghe
,
in
the
year
1606
as
also
that
of
the
Christians
and
Turks
,
and
all
jealousies
which
could
come
from
thence
,
quite
take
off
.
CHAP.
XIV
Of
the
Changes
which
happened
in
precedent
Ages
about
matter
of
Religion
,
and
the
motives
of
our
Design
,
drawn
from
these
revolutions
.
Luther
writes
against
the
Pope
.
The
Rebellion
of
the
Peasants
of
Germany
.
THe
differences
which
have
happened
amongst
Christians
upon
the
diversity
of
Religions
,
the
distrusts
which
have
sprung
from
thence
,
as
the
fire
from
the
flint
;
and
the
reasons
of
State
(
precious
covers
for
manifest
wickednesse
)
have
proved
the
cause
of
the
greatest
part
of
all
our
present
mischiefes
,
and
languishments
.
Therefore
let
us
seek
out
the
true
root
of
it
,
and
leave
passion
to
such
as
cannot
receive
any
other
impressions
,
then
those
by
which
they
are
utterly
blinded
.
My
purpose
is
not
to
dyve
into
questions
of
Divinity
,
but
only
to
search
in
History
after
the
causes
of
so
many
alterations
,
and
so
much
hatred
drawn
from
so
holy
and
innocent
a
subject
.
Pope
Julius
the
second
.
We
will
therefore
begin
with
Pope
Iulius
the
second
,
who
died
in
the
year
1513.
This
Pope
more
carefull
of
the
Temporall
then
of
the
Spiritual
;
and
more
studious
of
propagating
the
Jurisdictions
of
the
Church
,
then
the
kingdom
of
God
;
made
an
Allyance
with
the
Emperour
,
and
the
Kings
of
France
and
Spain
,
to
the
utter
ruine
of
the
Venetians
.
But
he
quickly
changed
his
Cards
,
forsook
the
Allyes
,
reconciled
himself
with
his
enemies
,
animated
Henry
the
Eighth
,
King
of
England
against
the
French
;
and
Ferdinand
against
the
King
of
Navarre
,
whom
he
spoyled
of
his
kingdom
,
for
refusing
him
passage
.
He
embroiles
Europe
.
He
also
dissolved
the
Allyance
between
the
Emperour
and
the
King
of
France
;
and
called
the
Swissers
into
Italy
,
to
drive
the
French
out
of
the
Milan
.
In
fine
,
having
sunk
all
Europe
into
inexplicable
confusions
,
and
scandalized
his
Flock
,
he
made
place
for
Leo
the
10th
,
a
man
who
loved
rest
,
and
was
lesse
a
souldier
then
Iulius
,
of
whom
is
written
this
great
praise
,
that
he
once
cast
some
Keyes
into
the
Tyber
,
saying
,
that
St.
Pauls
Sword
should
have
more
power
,
then
the
Arms
of
St.
Peter
.
The
duty
of
a
good
shepherd
is
to
keep
his
sheep
in
peace
,
and
feed
them
;
and
not
scatter
them
,
and
send
them
to
the
shambles
.
Whilest
these
warres
lasted
,
which
ruined
the
Publick
and
Human
Laws
,
the
Divine
ones
were
also
very
ill
kept
.
The
ignorance
of
the
Prelates
,
caused
superstitions
;
and
their
loose
and
vicious
lives
,
together
with
their
great
and
vast
possessions
;
the
hatred
of
the
people
.
The
learned
desired
a
redresse
in
the
Ecclesiastical
Policy
,
as
well
as
Peace
required
in
the
Secular
.
Divorce
,
which
continues
to
this
day
,
with
as
little
apparence
of
Reunion
,
as
there
is
of
seeing
the
Rivers
run
back
to
their
springs
.
And
it
is
,
that
the
Pope
published
a
Iubily
for
the
collection
of
monies
to
resist
the
Turk
,
which
was
most
necessary
at
that
time
.
But
the
impudence
of
a
certain
Monk
called
Te●zel
,
exceeded
so
farre
,
as
to
presume
to
sell
the
Indulgences
or
Pardons
,
for
the
sinnes
committed
,
and
to
be
committed
(
I
have
horrour
to
recite
this
chea●erie
,
the
companion
of
superstition
,
ignorance
,
and
avarice
)
and
forthwith
to
draw
soules
out
of
Purgatory
.
Martin
Luther
,
Martin
Luther
opposes
Tyrzel
.
Dector
of
Divinity
at
Witembergh
,
and
Monk
of
the
Order
of
St.
Austin
,
briskly
opposed
this
Impostor
;
made
a
Thesis
or
General
Position
,
which
he
dedicated
to
the
Pope
himself
,
to
testify
the
will
he
had
to
relye
upon
his
definition
.
But
through
excess
of
indignation
,
he
passed
the
limits
of
Christian
modesty
,
and
Catholick
Truth
:
Insomuch
,
as
that
at
length
he
grew
to
write
against
the
Popes
authority
,
wherein
he
was
impugned
by
a
Divine
called
Eckins
.
See
Florimoud
of
Remond
.
He
is
excommunicated
.
Now
Pope
Leo
,
desirous
to
quench
this
spark
,
excommunicates
Luther
:
but
that
was
to
cast
oyle
into
that
fire
,
and
put
poison
to
the
wound
.
For
Martin
raises
his
Batteries
against
him
,
and
calls
him
Antichrist
;
which
the
Pope
too
much
slighting
,
applyed
all
his
thoughts
to
warre
.
Those
enemies
,
who
are
most
despised
,
are
very
often
most
hurtfull
.
But
the
God
of
Peace
drove
him
out
of
this
world
,
to
make
room
for
another
more
worthy
,
and
more
v●●tuous
,
(
though
lesse
politick
)
then
he
:
However
Policie
be
a
very
convenient
Science
for
such
,
as
govern
great
States
and
Empyres
.
Pope
Adrian
,
the
Preceptor
or
Tutor
to
Charles
the
5.
was
born
at
V●rick
,
and
promised
to
bring
a
wholesom
Balsom
to
the
diseases
of
Christendome
,
For
,
he
had
already
elevated
the
hopes
of
the
Good
,
by
abolishing
Simony
,
punishing
sins
against
nature
,
and
not
alienating
the
possessions
of
the
Church
:
But
his
too
suddain
death
declared
,
that
God
had
otherwise
disposed
of
him
;
that
his
two
Predecessors
had
too
much
embroyled
the
Flock
,
that
the
sicknesse
must
have
its
course
,
and
that
the
Body
was
filled
with
too
many
bad
humours
,
to
be
cured
by
one
single
purge
,
or
one
Blood-letting
onely
.
His
doctrine
in
Saxony
.
Now
Luthers
doctrine
passed
from
Saxony
into
Sweden
,
King
Gustave
,
and
Frederick
of
Denmark
being
leagued
together
,
against
Christian
,
who
deserted
by
his
people
,
was
fled
;
and
they
also
forsook
the
Pope
,
as
well
as
their
King
,
and
much
ranged
the
authority
of
the
Bishops
,
of
their
kingdomes
.
And
as
Luthers
Doctrine
grew
to
be
received
,
so
diffidence
and
hatred
grew
equally
up
with
it
;
together
with
a
desire
also
to
maintaine
it
,
against
all
who
endeavoured
to
suppress
it
.
There
was
besides
,
another
accident
,
which
very
much
troubled
the
Church
:
and
it
was
,
that
Charles
the
Emperour
,
and
King
Francis
the
first
,
had
very
often
entreated
the
Pope
and
Cardinals
to
call
a
General
Councill
,
for
the
reformation
of
abuses
,
in
the
Church
and
Clergy
:
But
this
song
was
little
lesse
unpleasant
,
then
the
opposition
of
Luther
.
And
so
these
two
Princes
laying
aside
that
care
,
they
being
too
nearly
tyed
to
their
own
interests
,
meditated
nothing
but
warre
upon
each
other
.
Pope
Clement
successor
to
Adrian
,
seeing
the
King
of
France
prisoner
,
made
speedily
a
secret
Allyance
with
his
own
subjects
,
and
almost
all
the
Princes
of
Italy
,
so
to
put
a
limit
to
the
power
of
the
Emperour
;
who
in
revenge
thereof
,
abrogated
his
Authority
in
Spain
;
surprised
Rome
,
and
took
him
prisoner
;
who
was
very
ill
treated
by
the
Germans
,
as
being
for
the
most
part
Lutherans
.
Now
these
two
Monarchs
,
being
the
chief
Pillars
of
Europe
,
ought
to
have
favoured
a
Reformation
,
and
hindred
a
separation
.
But
what
?
The
impiety
of
the
people
whets
the
sword
of
the
Almighty
,
who
comes
slowly
to
vengeance
,
though
his
stroakes
be
heavie
;
and
the
justice
of
his
wrath
will
reduce
this
wretched
world
into
dust
.
In
Germany
,
they
who
laboured
to
revive
the
Gospel
,
fell
to
oddes
principally
about
the
Sacrament
of
the
last
Supper
.
It
is
easier
to
pull
down
an
old
Building
,
then
to
set
up
a
new
one
.
Erasmus
of
Rotterdam
,
(
that
great
Wit
)
flourished
at
this
time
,
and
contented
himself
only
by
scoffing
the
Monks
,
without
medling
with
the
party
of
the
Reformers
:
For
he
well
knew
,
that
the
abuses
came
from
men
,
and
manners
,
and
not
from
the
〈◊〉
Doctrine
,
heretofore
taught
by
the
Church
.
The
horrible
Rebellion
which
arose
about
this
time
,
did
not
a
little
deform
Doctor
Luthers
new-born
Doctrine
.
For
the
Peasants
thinking
all
things
lawfull
to
them
for
the
liberty
(
so
called
they
this
new
Reformation
)
of
the
Gospel
,
took
arms
,
and
assayled
the
Church-men
,
Cloisters
and
Gentry
.
Their
number
was
growne
to
be
a
hundred
thousand
men
,
and
their
chief
leader
a
Minister
,
called
Muntzer
.
The
holy
Scripture
teaches
us
to
obey
our
Magistrates
,
and
not
to
exterminate
,
and
cast
them
out
.
But
ambition
dwells
both
in
Cabans
,
in
Churches
,
and
even
under
ragged
Cloakes
.
They
are
defeated
They
were
routed
in
three
distinct
Battails
;
the
first
,
by
the
Lord
Trueses
;
the
second
,
by
Philip
Landgrave
of
Hassia
;
and
the
last
by
Anthony
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
who
cut
them
off
when
they
were
endeavouring
to
enter
France
,
where
they
hoped
to
play
Rex
,
by
meanes
of
the
Confusion
which
they
imagined
they
should
find
there
by
the
Kings
captivity
,
who
was
carried
into
Spain
.
Charles
endeavours
to
humble
the
Protestants
.
Now
the
greatness
of
the
Emperour
Charles
being
reconciled
to
the
Pope
,
and
counselled
by
him
to
reduce
the
Protestants
(
for
so
were
the
Princes
and
States
termed
,
who
had
received
Luthers
Doctrine
)
into
the
lap
of
the
Church
,
either
by
threats
,
or
force
;
gave
no
small
apprehension
to
the
German
Princes
:
And
he
being
glad
of
any
subject
,
to
establish
his
power
in
Germany
,
was
not
willing
to
lose
this
fair
occasion
.
So
the
Armies
marched
into
the
Field
;
and
Francis
the
first
,
after
him
his
sonne
Henry
were
requested
to
give
relief
for
the
maintaining
(
as
they
styled
it
)
of
the
German
liberty
,
now
like
to
be
lost
under
the
Spanish
Domination
:
which
was
granted
by
the
French
fo●
State-interest
,
though
they
were
enemies
to
the
Religion
.
But
neither
Arms
,
nor
Victories
,
nor
Disputes
,
nor
the
Majesty
it self
of
the
Emperour
;
was
able
to
deracinate
or
root
out
this
Doctine
;
and
so
in
fine
,
it
was
permitted
by
his
Authority
at
the
Diet
of
Ausbourgh
.
Now
,
it
was
not
Luther
alone
,
who
rose
against
the
Popes
authority
:
For
a
certain
Revolted
Monk
called
Menno
,
began
also
to
preach
a
Doctrine
different
enough
from
his
;
and
his
Adherents
were
called
Anabaptists
.
Besides
,
that
learned
man
Iohn
Calvin
,
carried
on
that
Reformation
much
farther
then
Luther
,
as
well
in
France
,
as
elsewhere
,
and
fixed
his
Chayre
at
Geneva
.
They
agreed
well
about
combating
the
Pope
,
and
some
other
points
;
but
yet
since
they
remained
not
in
perfect
unity
of
Doctrine
:
In
so
much
,
as
that
this
party
,
and
that
of
Luther
,
are
very
little
better
friends
amongst
themselves
,
then
either
of
them
is
with
the
Roman
Catholicks
,
as
we
shall
see
in
the
sequel
of
these
Tragedies
.
CHAP.
XV
The
Anabaptists
at
Munster
.
The
Reformers
in
France
.
The
Change
of
Religion
in
England
,
and
by
what
meanes
.
The
King
repudiates
his
Wife
.
The
Queens
Speech
.
The
King
makes
himself
Head
of
the
Church
.
Luther
writes
to
him
.
His
unhappy
death
.
NOw
we
have
seen
the
Lutherans
established
in
Germany
,
let
us
see
what
the
Anabaptists
do
at
Munster
,
an
Episcopall
Town
in
Westphalia
,
which
was
to
be
the
Head
of
a
Chimerical
Kingdom
,
and
serve
for
a
precious
testimony
of
the
wrath
of
that
great
God
,
which
for
a
time
suffers
his
Word
to
be
abused
,
and
the
wicked
to
cover
their
pernicious
Designes
under
the
Cloak
of
Religion
,
and
the
mask
of
Hypocrisie
.
Oh
Lord
!
Thou
dost
hour●ly
admonish
us
by
so
many
prodigies
,
and
monstrous
accidents
:
but
our
eyes
are
shut
,
our
eares
stopt
,
and
our
hearts
hardened
.
John
de
Leide
King
of
Munster
.
John
of
Leiden
by
trade
a
Taylor
,
and
his
adherents
,
seized
upon
the
aforesaid
Town
,
and
he
was
made
King
thereof
,
and
fought
long
against
the
Bishop
;
by
whom
they
were
at
length
subdued
,
and
chastised
according
to
the
measure
of
their
crimes
.
The
extremity
of
their
rigour
was
against
the
Church
men
,
a
clear
argument
of
the
indignation
of
God
against
them
,
because
they
had
deviated
from
their
duty
,
and
were
lulled
asleep
in
ignorance
,
idlenesse
,
and
pleasures
.
They
likewise
desclaimed
the
Authoriry
of
the
Pope
,
and
brake
down
the
Images
,
without
sparing
the
very
Pictures
of
the
Church-windowes
.
A
zeal
too
violent
to
proceed
from
the
Holy
Ghost
,
and
of
little
conformity
with
that
of
the
Primitive
Christians
.
These
insolencies
being
once
repressed
at
Amsterdam
,
returned
there
no
more
.
The
Anabaptists
which
are
now
in
the
united
Provinces
,
and
the
Confines
thereof
,
disown
the
proceedings
of
the
former
,
and
count
them
in
the
number
of
Hereticks
.
The
Reformed
Religion
in
France
.
Now
the
Doctrine
of
Martin
Luther
passed
into
France
,
under
the
reign
of
Francis
the
first
;
though
yet
it
could
not
take
fast
root
enough
there
;
as
well
because
of
the
persecutions
,
and
the
Kings
aversion
from
it
,
as
also
for
that
it
was
too
far
distant
from
the
Author
,
and
Teacher
thereof
.
And
so
it
quickly
grew
to
be
transformed
into
that
of
John
Calvin
,
and
his
Disciple
Theodore
Bez●●
,
and
so
much
encreased
in
few
yeares
throughout
the
greatest
part
of
the
Country
,
during
the
troubles
caused
by
Envies
of
State
,
and
the
League
;
that
the
Kings
,
after
many
bloody
Wars
,
were
constrained
by
various
Edicts
or
Proclamations
,
to
grant
them
free
exercise
of
their
Religion
through
all
the
Kingdom
.
King
Francis
was
a
great
persecutor
of
the
said
Doctrine
;
Obtains
free
exercise
.
and
made
open
protestation
,
that
he
would
not
spare
even
his
own
Arm
,
if
it
were
infected
with
Heresie
.
And
yet
the
●●●lousie
which
he
had
conceived
against
the
prosperity
of
Charles
the
Empe●our
,
moved
him
neverthelesse
to
succour
the
Protestants
.
King
Henry
succeeded
in
his
Fathers
hatred
to
them
,
but
being
sent
to
his
grave
by
the
thrust
of
a
Lance
,
they
began
to
respire
;
saw
the
end
of
their
persecutions
,
lost
the
smell
of
the
Fagot
,
and
propped
by
some
Princes
of
the
Blood
,
rendred
themselves
at
length
no
less
considerable
in
France
,
then
the
Protestants
are
in
Germany
.
The
Protestant
Church
in
England
.
Let
us
now
make
a
step
into
England
,
and
see
how
the
Protestant
Church
hath
sowen
her
first
seed
,
supplanted
the
ancient
Doctrine
,
and
established
her self
as
Mistress
there
.
King
Henry
the
eighth
,
for
writing
a
Book
against
Luther
in
defence
of
the
Roman
Church
,
and
her
seven
Sacraments
,
was
honoured
by
the
Pope
with
the
Title
of
Defender
of
the
Faith
,
His
prime
Minister
,
was
that
great
Cardinal
Wolsey
,
who
ruled
all
.
So
that
it
is
not
only
from
this
day
that
Cardinals
have
introduced
them selves
into
States
,
to
have
the
total
administration
of
them
.
This
man
being
eminently
ambitious
,
hoped
to
come
to
be
Pope
by
the
recommendation
of
the
Emperour
:
The
story
of
C●●●ina●
Woll●y
.
But
seeing
himselt
frustrated
of
his
expectation
,
he
turned
his
hate
upon
him
;
whispered
the
King
in
the
ear
,
that
his
marriage
with
Katharine
of
Spain
,
(
Aunt
to
the
said
Emperour
)
was
incestuous
,
because
she
had
formerly
been
married
to
his
Brother
.
O!
How
great
is
the
wickednesse
of
such
as
have
forsaken
God
to
serve
their
ambition
and
revenge
?
This
Prelate
,
who
ought
to
have
framed
the
reformation
of
abuses
,
and
opposed
Heresies
(
since
himself
held
for
such
all
the
Doctrines
which
checked
the
Pope
)
was
not
content
with
so
much
honour
and
wealth
as
he
enjoyed
,
without
seeing
the
Emperour
thrown
down
,
and
buried
under
the
very
ruins
of
that
Church
,
the
Religion
whereof
he
professed
with
so
great
Majesty
,
and
under
the
Purple
of
so
great
luster
.
The
King
intangled
in
love
with
a
young
Lady
newly
come
from
the
Court
of
France
,
and
disgusted
with
the
Embracements
of
that
most
ve●●●ous
Princess
his
Wife
;
was
glad
of
this
scruple
,
and
sollicited
the
Pope
to
grant
him
a
Divorcement
upon
the
aforementioned
reason
.
But
the
Pope
temporizes
,
and
sends
in
sine
his
Legat
to
examin
the
matter
.
The
King
and
the
Legat
sir
;
the
Queen
being
summoned
,
appears
;
and
in
presence
of
the
chief
of
the
Kingdom
,
makes
a
Speech
in
Latin
,
to
the
King
,
which
is
able
to
move
a
very
rock
to
compassion
.
How
is
it
possible
Sir
(
sayes
she
)
that
after
having
lived
almost
twenty
yeares
together
in
great
concord
,
and
having
had
so
many
children
as
we
have
had
,
it
should
now
come
into
your
thought
to
repudiate
me
?
Your
Brother
Arthur
fell
sick
the
very
first
day
of
our
marriage
,
and
some
dayes
after
dyed
.
I
take
the
great
God
and
your
conscience
to
witness
,
that
you
found
me
a
Virgin
.
And
if
you
are
resolved
to
separate
me
from
your
Bed
,
expect
at
least
so
long
,
as
till
I
may
have
advertised
my
Nephew
Charles
thereof
,
to
the
end
that
I
may
know
how
to
behave
my self
in
this
affliction
;
since
I
can
hope
for
no
support
in
the
equity
of
my
cause
here
,
where
you
are
Absolute
King
.
If
I
have
offended
God
since
I
have
been
your
wife
,
it
has
been
in
being
a
little
too
curious
to
please
you
,
Ah
Vertue
!
This
is
not
the
first
time
that
thy
adversary
endeavours
to
suppress
thee
.
Thy
luster
is
too
bright
,
not
to
d●●le
the
eyes
of
the
wicked
.
This
poor
Princesse
in
this
tribulation
had
this
imperfection
,
that
in
regard
Nature
had
been
sparing
to
her
of
her
rich
gifts
of
beauty
,
she
had
had
recourse
to
innocent
Art
,
thereby
to
draw
her
Husband
from
the
levities
to
which
he
was
too
much
inclined
,
as
well
by
his
own
naturall
Passion
,
as
by
the
attractive
Charms
of
his
fair
subjects
.
Her
Speech
being
ended
,
(
which
produced
but
faint
pitty
in
the
soul
of
the
King
,
and
some
of
the
Auditory
)
she
retired
her self
,
together
with
her
Daughter
into
a
private
House
,
where
the
spake
thus
to
this
ambitious
Cardinal
,
who
came
to
her
in
behalf
of
the
King
,
to
intreat
her
to
yeeld
to
his
will
.
It
is
thou
(
said
she
)
O
wicked
and
disloyal
Minister
,
who
returnest●●s
this
recompence
:
To
my
Nephew
,
for
not
advancing
thee
to
the
Holy
Chayre
;
and
to
me
,
for
not
being
able
to
suffer
thy
impudicity
and
na●ght●●esse
.
The
King
divorced
himself
from
the
Church
of
Rome
,
because
the
Pope
would
not
condescend
to
his
demand
;
and
from
his
Wife
,
(
by
whom
he
had
alwayes
been
so
respectfully
loved
)
to
conjoyn
in
publick
marriage
with
Anne
of
Bolein
.
The
King
leaves
his
Wife
an
I
the
Church
of
Rome
.
The
Cardinal
died
in
the
year
1530
,
being
not
long
before
deprived
of
all
his
employments
,
and
fallen
from
the
favour
of
his
Prince
,
which
he
had
preferred
before
that
of
his
God
,
as
he
testified
by
these
words
,
full
of
christian
and
holy
repentance
,
which
issued
our
of
his
dying
mouth
,
Ah!
I
would
to
God
(
said
he
)
I
had
taken
so
much
pains
to
serve
my
Creatour
,
as
I
have
done
to
serve
my
Prince
!
He
put
into
the
Letanies
,
From
the
tyranny
of
the
Pope
,
good
Lord
deliver
us
;
whose
authority
was
abrogated
thorowout
the
whole
kingdome
,
and
the
King
by
Act
of
Parliament
declared
,
Head
of
the
Church
of
England
.
He
seized
upon
the
possessions
of
the
Church
,
by
the
advice
of
Cromwell
,
and
some
others
,
who
all
ended
their
dayes
unhappily
.
Takes
away
the
possessions
of
the
Clergy
.
He
also
bestowed
part
thereof
upon
the
nobility
,
for
fear
of
commotion
.
He
hanged
such
as
refused
to
subscribe
,
that
he
was
Head
of
the
Church
,
as
aforesaid
;
and
condemned
the
protestants
to
the
fire
.
In
fine
,
after
having
crushed
the
Church
,
and
lived
like
a
tyrant
,
he
died
miserable
,
and
little
regretted
by
his
people
.
Sir
Thomas
More
,
that
great
Heroe
,
fell
under
the
rigour
of
his
command
,
and
so
did
an
infinite
number
of
other
noble
persons
.
Luther
seeing
him
in
ill
tearms
with
the
Pope
,
and
encouraged
by
the
King
of
Denmark
,
very
humbly
beseeched
him
,
Luther
writes
to
the
King
,
and
receives
an
affront
.
by
a
letter
which
he
wrote
to
him
,
to
embrace
the
doctrine
of
the
Gospel
:
but
he
received
such
an
answer
as
he
little
expected
,
namely
,
that
he
should
forsake
his
apostacie
,
and
his
wife
,
and
return
to
his
Monastery
.
Now
the
Church
of
Rome
seeing
her
head
disclaimed
,
and
his
authority
banished
out
of
England
,
felt
her self
much
shaken
,
as
well
by
Peter
Martyr
,
as
orther
Protestant
ministers
:
in
such
sort
as
that
Edward
,
Edward
establishes
the
Protestant
Religion
.
son
to
the
said
Henry
,
having
taken
the
reines
of
the
English
Monarchie
,
had
no
great
trouble
to
throw
her
quite
our
,
and
fixe
the
Protestant
.
But
he
dying
very
young
,
and
Queen
Mary
succeeding
him
,
she
had
an
intention
to
pluck
up
this
tender
plant
,
and
re-establisheth
the
old
doctrin
,
which
yet
could
not
recover
its
full
strength
before
it
was
exterminated
again
,
Young
trees
by
being
re-planted
get
vigour
,
but
old
ones
wither
and
dye
.
CHAP.
XVI
Queen
Elizabeth
banishes
the
Romane
Catholike
Religion
again
by
degrees
.
That
of
the
Protestants
passes
into
Scotland
under
the
bastard
Murrey
who
swayes
the
Scepter
.
It
is
called
the
Congregation
,
and
is
fortified
by
the
above
said
Queen
,
and
the
Hugenots
of
France
.
QUeen
Elizabeth
(
who
,
during
the
life
of
her
sister
Mary
,
feigned
her self
a
Roman
Catholike
,
and
was
like
to
lose
her
life
,
by
giving
some
suspicions
of
her
being
a
Protestant
)
being
raised
to
the
royall
Throne
,
forthwith
unmasqued
her self
,
and
began
to
treat
of
the
meanes
how
to
annull
the
one
,
and
revoke
the
other
;
which
was
easie
to
be
accomplished
.
For
the
ignorance
of
the
Priests
was
great
;
the
desire
of
their
possessions
greater
;
and
the
curiosity
to
check
a
Religion
full
of
ceremonies
,
which
few
could
solidly
defend
,
greatest
of
all
.
It
was
represented
to
the
People
both
here
and
elsewhere
,
that
the
doctrine
was
falsified
,
and
in
no
wise
congruous
with
that
of
the
four
Primitive
ages
:
that
Lay
men
were
forbidden
to
read
the
holy
Scriptures
,
that
so
they
might
remaine
in
darknesse
,
and
not
see
the
light
of
evangelicall
truth
,
&c.
The
Queen
assembled
a
Parliament
,
which
acted
to
abolish
what
Queen
Mary
had
done
,
by
the
authority
of
the
Pope
,
and
against
the
Protestants
:
The
Bishops
and
some
secular
men
also
opposed
it
.
A
specious
conference
was
offered
,
in
which
there
was
forced
upon
them
a
Judge
who
was
an
enemy
to
their
Cause
.
They
complained
of
this
proceeding
,
and
said
,
that
they
were
very
hardly
dealt
with
,
and
that
they
had
been
advertised
of
the
Theses
,
or
Argument
but
two
days
before
,
In
fine
,
not
being
able
to
agree
about
the
form
of
the
Dispute
,
the
Protestants
,
before
the
combat
,
cried
victory
;
and
the
other
,
When
shall
we
be
assured
of
our
Faith
,
if
there
be
always
leave
to
dout
,
and
dispute
?
Some
of
them
were
so
much
moved
,
that
they
would
have
excommunicated
the
Queen
:
But
others
being
better
advised
,
alledged
,
that
the
disposal
thereof
must
be
left
to
the
Pope
.
See
Cambden
.
Reformation
in
England
by
degrees
.
The
Queen
proceeds
to
a
change
by
degrees
,
She
prohibits
to
speak
ill
of
the
Sacrament
of
the
Altar
,
and
suffers
the
Communion
to
be
given
under
both
kindes
.
A
little
while
after
,
both
Masse
and
Pictures
were
banished
out
of
the
Churches
,
and
then
the
Oath
of
superiority
was
tendered
to
the
Bishops
and
other
Roman
Catholicks
,
and
in
case
of
refusal
,
they
were
dismissed
from
their
charge
.
All
this
passed
without
any
tumult
,
and
hitherto
the
Reformation
was
carried
on
very
conform
with
the
Confession
of
Ausbourgh
.
And
in
Scotland
under
the
Bastard
Murrey
who
weildes
the
Scepter
.
About
the
end
of
the
year
15●8
the
Protestant
Religion
began
also
to
spring
up
in
Scotland
,
and
the
Authors
of
it
,
styled
themselves
the
Brethren
of
the
Congregation
.
They
carped
at
the
Kingly
Authority
,
as
much
as
they
did
at
the
lives
of
the
Priests
,
and
the
abuses
of
the
Church
.
They
refu●ed
to
pay
their
duty
to
the
Queen-Mother-Regent
,
a
most
wise
and
modest
woman
.
The
Head
and
Ringleader
,
was
James
Priour
of
Sr.
Andrews
(
since
called
Earl
of
Murrey
)
natural
Brother
to
the
Queen
,
who
gave
very
great
suspicions
of
his
intending
,
by
favouring
these
changes
,
to
make
himself
Master
of
the
Scepter
of
Scotland
.
They
wanted
no
pretext
to
cloak
their
Design
.
For
James
protested
,
that
he
sought
nothing
but
the
glory
of
God
,
and
the
liberty
of
the
kingdome
,
oppressed
by
the
French
,
and
the
Queen-Regent
,
who
was
daughter
to
the
Duke
of
Guise
.
Hammelton
,
and
divers
other
Gentlemen
raised
by
the
Possessions
of
the
Church
,
ranged
themselves
in
their
Party
.
Complaints
against
Religion
are
ordinarily
accompanied
by
those
of
the
violation
of
Priviledges
.
They
draw
up
theirs
,
(
For
there
will
never
be
wanting
such
as
seek
their
advancement
in
the
change
of
the
State
)
and
implore
the
assistance
of
the
Queen
;
who
alwayes
attentive
to
her
profit
,
and
fearing
the
power
of
France
,
undertakes
the
defence
of
the
said
Congregation
;
promises
to
expell
them
out
of
Scotland
,
and
by
consequence
the
Roman
Faith
with
them
.
Whil●st
this
was
in
agitation
,
the
Queen-Regent
died
,
and
her
Daughter
Mary
,
Widow
to
Francis
the
second
,
departed
from
France
towards
Scotland
.
Her
Brother
aforesaid
(
who
was
a
meer
Bastard
both
in
blood
and
heart
)
counselled
Queen
Elizabeth
to
surprize
her
at
Sea
,
so
to
secure
both
her
person
and
Religion
.
But
she
being
arrived
at
Ede●bourgh
,
made
no
change
at
all
,
but
expressed
great
clemency
towards
her
subjects
,
thereby
to
give
the
lye
to
those
false
reports
,
which
those
Rebels
had
dispersed
of
her
,
and
to
convince
them
also
of
cruelty
and
treachery
.
But
the
Queen
of
England
stopped
not
there
:
For
she
made
a
Law
,
by
which
all
were
declared
guilty
of
High
Treason
,
who
refused
to
make
Oath
that
she
had
full
power
,
and
absolute
authority
in
all
spiritual
things
,
and
over
Ecclesiastical
persons
.
O
good
God!
How
little
comparison
is
there
between
those
times
,
and
these
?
Was
not
this
to
force
mens
consciences
?
The
Hugenots
of
this
present
Age
would
be
ashamed
to
accept
such
a
Law
as
was
received
with
so
much
alacrity
,
by
these
first
Reformers
.
The
Scots
during
these
Interludes
,
cast
the
Archbishop
in
prison
,
for
saying
Masse
,
and
astronted
another
Priest
for
the
same
subject
,
even
within
the
Court
,
and
before
the
very
face
of
the
desolate
Queen
;
who
neverthelesse
with
teares
in
her
eyes
,
took
them
out
of
the
hands
of
their
enemies
:
though
yet
all
her
clemency
mingled
with
so
many
sweet
charms
as
accompanied
her
Majesty
,
was
never
able
to
soften
the
hearts
of
these
mutiners
;
who
never
left
,
till
she
had
her
Head
cut
off
from
her
shoulders
,
as
we
shall
hereafter
shew
,
together
with
a
part
of
those
misfortunes
which
have
since
happened
to
her
posterity
.
Now
Queen
Elizabeth
,
who
thought
not
her
authority
sure
,
unless
she
put
her
helping
hand
to
the
supplantation
of
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
in
Scotland
,
as
well
as
in
England
;
strengthened
so
well
the
party
of
the
Congregation
,
that
the
Queen
,
no
longer
able
to
endure
so
many
indignities
,
nor
to
disintangle
her self
from
the
snares
,
which
the
perfidious
Crue
had
laid
for
her
,
was
fain
at
length
to
betake
her self
to
flight
.
She
also
did
for
the
Hugenots
in
France
,
that
which
hath
been
so
much
condemned
in
the
King
of
Spain
.
For
she
took
them
into
her
protection
,
assisted
them
with
men
and
money
;
and
shewed
her self
every
whit
as
zealous
for
the
exaltation
of
her
Religion
,
as
the
Catholick
King
did
for
his
.
So
that
she
rendred
her self
as
odious
at
Rome
,
and
to
the
Roman
Catholicks
,
as
he
did
in
the
Low-countries
,
amongst
the
Calvinists
and
Lutherans
.
The
Reformation
came
into
the
Low-countries
.
The
Confession
of
Ausbourgh
entered
on
the
one
side
into
the
Low-countries
,
and
the
Reformed
Religion
from
Geneva
,
from
the
Palatinate
,
and
from
England
on
the
other
,
the
one
by
the
communication
of
German
soul-diers
and
the
other
by
that
of
the
Nobility
which
had
travelled
,
the
Ministers
who
came
from
France
,
and
the
Merchants
who
daily
arrived
at
the
Islands
opposite
to
it
.
It
slipped
in
at
first
very
secretly
,
found
favour
in
the
Houses
of
some
great
persons
,
and
affection
in
the
hearts
of
some
people
.
But
being
at
length
discovered
,
and
the
Inquisition
of
Spain
intervening
,
it
grew
to
be
much
thwarted
.
But
Fire
and
Sword
cannot
extinguish
a
doctrine
:
nay
rather
,
the
patience
of
such
as
suffer
Racks
and
Torments
,
begets
compassion
to
them
,
and
hatred
to
their
persecutors
.
In
fine
,
both
parties
arm
,
and
ambition
being
the
one
half
of
the
game
,
the
Spaniards
regained
ten
of
the
Provinces
,
by
the
sword
:
the
others
,
who
vaunted
themselves
to
have
had
recourse
to
these
extremities
,
by
the
violence
and
cruelty
of
the
Spaniards
,
for
their
priviledges
&
liberty
of
conscience
;
embraced
through
all
the
Towns
and
Villages
the
Reformed
Religion
,
as
it
is
taught
at
Geneva
,
in
some
Cantons
of
Switzerland
,
in
the
lower
Palatinate
,
and
in
the
Distinct
of
Hass●●
.
The
Roman
Religion
was
sent
packing
,
contrary
to
the
first
Agrcement
:
and
even
they
,
who
either
out
of
compassion
,
fair
promises
,
or
hate
of
the
Inquisition
,
had
born
arms
for
them
,
were
deprived
of
the
free
exercise
thereof
.
The
generall
complaints
of
all
such
,
as
fought
against
the
Church
of
Rome
,
were
grounded
chiefly
upon
these
points
.
Were
grounded
upon
these
points
.
First
,
They
disclaimed
the
too
great
Authority
of
the
Pope
,
that
he
m●dled
too
much
in
Secular
Affaires
;
They
blamed
the
disorders
of
the
Court
of
Rome
;
Prayers
made
in
an
unknown
language
;
and
maintained
,
that
every
one
was
to
be
permitted
to
read
the
Bible
:
They
cried
out
against
Purgatory
,
Masse
,
Invocation
of
Saints
,
the
superstition
of
good
Works
,
and
the
like
.
These
were
demands
strong
enough
to
amaze
and
astonish
them
,
who
were
not
versed
at
all
in
the
Scriptures
,
and
understood
not
even
their
own
Belief
,
but
by
rote
.
The
order
of
the
Iesuits
begins
in
the
rise
of
the
Reformation
.
During
these
emborrasments
,
sprang
up
the
order
of
the
Jesuits
,
who
have
made
it
their
businesse
ever
since
to
defend
the
Pope
,
and
the
Rom.
Religion
;
to
repai●e
the
loss
of
Erudition
and
Sciences
,
and
awaken
the
sluggish
Monks
,
and
encounter
in
fine
these
new
Champions
;
But
they
have
met
with
great
repugnance
and
hatred
,
as
well
from
the
adverse
party
,
as
amongst
the
Roman
Catholicks
themselves
;
though
not
peradventure
with
so
much
reason
from
these
latter
.
They
are
made
pass
for
murtherers
of
Kings
,
for
having
a
Doctrine
,
discrepant
from
that
of
the
Catholick
Church
;
and
to
persecute
the
Monarchy
of
the
whole
Universe
,
for
the
House
of
Spain
.
Yet
they
leave
not
for
all
this
to
hold
up
their
heads
,
and
despise
the
calumnies
and
reproaches
of
their
Adversaries
.
And
indeed
,
their
Discipline
in
the
Schools
is
both
laudable
and
profitable
:
In
their
Disputes
,
they
are
Aristotles
,
and
in
their
Pulpits
Cicero's
.
In
fine
,
without
them
(
I
speak
out
of
the
mouth
of
Reformats
)
the
Roman
Church
would
be
quickly
beaten
down
:
And
so
it
is
to
be
seen
amongst
them
,
painted
,
under
the
form
of
a
stooping
Tower
,
propped
by
the
shoulders
of
the
Jesuits
,
for
fear
lest
it
fall
.
The
Authour
and
Founder
of
their
Order
was
a
Spaniard
,
and
it
was
very
necessary
to
speak
a
word
of
them
by
the
by
,
because
they
are
made
pass
for
Incendiaries
,
Plotters
of
all
Sedition
,
and
Treasons
,
of
many
perfidies
,
and
wickednesses
.
Yet
God
howsoever
hath
served
himself
of
them
,
for
the
conversion
of
the
Indies
,
and
China
;
for
the
restauration
of
learning
,
and
for
the
illumination
and
illustration
of
Sciences
,
wherein
they
are
looked
upon
with
admiration
.
CHAP.
XVII
Religion
affoards
divers
Pretexts
;
causes
jealousies
.
The
Latin
,
and
Greek
Religion
.
IT
was
expedient
for
me
to
make
mention
in
this
Treatise
of
the
Religions
,
which
existed
in
the
precedent
Age
,
and
of
the
Changes
they
caused
;
the
fatal
effects
whereof
are
resented
even
in
this
of
ours
.
We
have
also
added
thereto
the
ambition
of
many
,
who
endeavoured
to
throw
all
things
topsy-turvy
,
thereby
to
ascend
to
the
greatnes
which
they
proposed
to
themselves
,
and
which
it
was
most
facil
to
acquire
by
these
Religions
Pretexts
.
O
God!
How
are
the
hearts
of
poor
mortals
overwhelmed
in
darkness
,
under
the
apparence
of
Religion
?
And
how
many
are
there
in
the
world
,
who
whilest
they
are
plotting
mischief
,
hide
themselves
under
the
maske
of
devotion
?
Religion
indeed
was
,
wont
to
reign
in
the
soules
of
many
,
as
Mistresse
of
the
State
,
and
was
a
just
cause
of
taking
arms
;
but
at
present
,
she
is
little
better
then
the
servant
thereof
.
True
it
is
,
that
some
years
since
,
she
hath
done
wonders
both
in
Germany
and
France
:
But
the
conclusion
hath
manifested
,
that
this
pretext
hath
served
for
the
most
part
,
Religion
serves
for
a
pretext
.
but
for
interest
of
State
,
and
to
cover
the
martial
humour
of
Princes
;
who
incited
by
the
insatiable
hunger
of
honour
,
for
the
ingrandisement
of
their
power
,
have
very
craftily
made
use
of
the
cloak
of
conscience
.
This
therefore
is
that
,
which
causes
jeaulousie
,
distrust
,
aversion
,
and
hatred
,
and
chiesly
amongst
the
people
,
Causes
hatred
,
and
divides
humours
.
who
cannot
penetrate
into
the
ambition
of
Potentates
.
This
I
say
it
is
,
which
causes
violent
suspicions
,
and
divides
humours
in
the
same
nation
,
in
the
same
Parentage
;
yea
,
and
in
the
very
self-same
Family
too
.
For
if
it
have
had
force
enough
to
arm
particular
persons
a
gainst
their
own
Parents
,
no
marvail
if
it
make
all
that
,
which
depends
upon
humane
strength
and
science
,
contribute
to
the
suppression
of
any
Party
,
of
a
different
opinion
;
and
if
Princes
have
occasion
to
make
use
of
it
,
to
cover
their
irregular
appetites
.
But
this
hatred
,
which
proceeds
from
the
diversity
of
opinions
,
is
repugnant
to
the
word
of
God
,
which
commands
us
to
pray
for
our
Brethren
,
and
not
to
persecute
and
vex
them
.
We
must
let
the
tares
grow
till
the
time
of
Harvest
,
for
fear
of
plucking
up
the
good
corn
with
them
.
Now
let
us
briefly
turn
back
,
to
seek
out
the
motives
,
which
seem
to
have
caused
these
diversities
,
which
have
proved
so
dammageable
and
pernicious
to
christian
charity
;
as
fore-runners
to
the
wrath
of
God
,
and
most
undoubted
marks
of
the
latter
day
.
In
the
beginning
of
the
fifteenth
Age
,
there
were
in
the
whole
uniuers●
but
two
christian
Churches
;
namely
the
L●●me
,
then
under
the
authority
of
the
Pope
,
and
the
Greek
,
under
that
of
certain
Patriarcks
.
The
difference
(
unworthy
of
such
a
division
)
was
,
and
even
yet
is
,
about
ambition
and
preference
,
contrary
to
the
advertisements
of
our
common
Master
;
and
because
the
Greek
maintained
that
the
Holy
Ghost
proceeds
but
only
from
the
Father
.
For
all
the
rest
is
most
easie
to
be
rejoyned
,
and
reconciled
.
Now
the
Latine
,
being
received
throughout
all
Europe
,
The
Latine
Church
under
the
Pope
,
and
Grek
under
Patriarchs
.
there
have
happened
from
time
to
time
very
many
complaints
against
abuses
,
superstitions
,
and
the
ill
discipline
of
the
Priests
;
yea
,
and
against
the
Popes
themselves
,
who
too
much
busied
with
the
warres
,
and
intrigues
of
the
world
,
have
forgotten
that
command
,
which
sayes
,
Feed
my
Sheep
:
Feed
my
Flock
:
whereof
they
are
yet
apt
enough
to
serve
themselves
against
the
checks
of
their
enemies
.
There
was
no
memory
left
of
the
Waldenses
and
Albingenses
;
The
Waldenses
.
nor
yet
of
the
dangers
,
into
which
the
Bohemians
had
brought
all
Germany
,
by
the
doctrine
of
Witcliffe
,
and
the
so
prodigiously
victorious
Arms
of
Zisca
.
Witcliffe
.
For
instead
of
opening
our
eyes
and
eares
to
the
admonitions
of
Iohn
Hus
,
we
reduced
him
into
ashes
.
Charles
the
8.
King
of
France
declared
his
discontentment
,
and
so
did
some
other
Kings
his
Predecessors
.
But
it
was
held
for
a
crime
sufficient
to
convince
all
men
of
Heresie
,
who
spake
of
a
Reformation
by
a
General
Councell
.
So
that
superstition
being
swolne
big
,
and
the
world
kept
in
most
excessive
ignorance
,
(
as
a
very
great
and
Orthodox
person
writes
)
for
the
space
of
three
hundred
yeares
by
the
Franciscans
and
the
Dominicans
;
as
also
by
the
carelesnesse
of
the
Bishops
,
there
started
up
a
German
Doctor
,
Luther
and
Calvin
.
(
whom
we
have
so
often
mentioned
)
and
a
French
one
likewise
,
who
first
preached
against
those
said
superstitions
;
and
then
ventured
to
set
up
their
Standards
against
the
Church
her self
,
with
so
universal
applause
,
that
in
a
few
years
even
whole
kingdomes
grew
to
separate
themselves
from
the
communion
of
that
Body
,
which
acknowledged
the
Pope
for
the
Supreme
Vicar
of
Iesus
Christ
.
The
Iesuits
oppose
.
Now
at
the
same
time
(
as
we
have
formerly
shewed
)
sprang
the
Iesuits
,
and
armed
themselves
to
quell
these
valiant
souldiers
,
who
skipped
out
of
their
holes
so
openly
to
attack
a
power
,
which
all
the
States
of
Christendom
held
in
so
much
veneration
.
They
stopped
the
course
of
this
Torrent
,
which
neither
Fire
,
Persecutious
,
nor
strict
Prohibitions
were
able
to
effect
;
and
they
have
united
to
the
Body
,
a
good
part
of
those
people
which
had
untyed
themselves
from
it
.
It
is
not
by
fire
,
but
by
force
of
Doctrine
;
and
not
by
words
,
but
by
exemplary
life
,
that
a
remedy
must
be
put
to
all
these
disorders
,
which
happens
amongst
Christians
.
Now
this
Society
could
not
but
meet
with
meet
with
envy
enough
amongst
the
Clergy
,
which
felt
it self
so
reprehended
and
pricked
by
such
new
men
.
For
Admonitions
and
in
structions
,
how
necessary
and
profitable
soever
they
be
,
leave
not
to
imprint
some
harshnesse
upon
the
soul
of
the
receivers
.
An
exact
Captain
is
displeasing
to
lazy
souldiers
.
Violent
remedies
served
for
nothing
.
In
fine
,
recourse
was
had
to
such
violent
remedies
,
as
so
sharpened
and
stung
the
parts
affected
,
that
there
will
never
be
meanes
to
introduce
a
reconciliation
;
unless
perhaps
it
fall
out
to
be
by
ways
full
of
suavity
,
and
charity
.
For
interest
took
this
powerful
occasion
so
fast
by
his
fore-lock
,
and
these
Divisions
are
grown
so
firmly
rooted
,
that
it
is
probable
,
they
will
not
finish
but
with
the
world
.
And
this
is
the
principall
source
of
the
evils
,
which
we
have
seen
,
and
yet
daily
see
happen
;
to
the
grief
of
all
good
men
in
this
last
Age.
And
thus
we
have
shewed
about
what
,
when
,
for
what
reasons
,
and
by
whom
began
these
Reformations
:
Nor
must
we
wonder
at
the
monstrous
effects
,
since
they
could
not
be
more
noble
,
then
their
Causes
.
If
we
would
reflect
often
upon
it
,
we
should
find
Ministers
and
instruments
enough
thereof
.
The
holy
Scripture
sayes
,
that
there
must
be
scandals
,
but
cursed
be
they
,
who
shall
give
them
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
THIS
IRON
AGE
THE
SECOND
BOOK
.
CHAP.
I
The
Queen
of
England
,
and
the
States
of
Holland
refuse
Peace
.
King
Henry
of
France
polishes
his
Kingdome
,
and
makes
War
against
the
Duke
of
Savoy
.
THE
Peace
of
Vervin
filled
with
joy
,
not
only
the
subjects
of
the
Kings
,
but
also
all
such
as
acknowledged
the
See
of
Rome
.
The
Protestants
invited
to
the
said
Peace
by
Henry
the
Great
,
shut
their
eares
to
the
Propositions
,
and
studied
only
how
to
make
most
streight
Allyances
for
their
preservation
.
Where
Diffidence
gets
the
mastery
,
Reason
is
not
understood
,
unlesse
it
be
ushered
in
by
strong
and
irrefutable
assurance
.
It
was
impossible
for
the
Arch-Duke
Albert
,
to
bring
the
States
to
a
very
advantageous
Peace
(
as
the
Ministers
said
)
for
them
,
since
the
arguments
of
King
Henry
could
obtain
nothing
from
them
.
For
his
offers
were
as
stints
,
out
of
which
they
drew
sire
to
kindle
the
warre
,
with
so
much
the
greater
animosity
.
They
sent
their
Embassadours
into
England
,
Elizabeth
and
the
states
refuse
Peace
.
where
they
sound
the
Queen
most
disposed
to
receive
theirs
;
so
that
it
was
most
facil
to
draw
her
to
their
opinion
.
In
the
mean
while
,
the
Arch-Duke
receives
a
Procuration
from
the
Infanta
,
his
future
Spouse
,
in
vertue
whereof
he
was
generally
and
solemnly
received
;
and
nominatively
at
Antwerp
,
where
the
oath
of
sidelity
was
payd
him
by
the
Deputies
of
the
obedient
Provinces
.
Albert
goes
into
Spain
.
1598.
And
so
he
went
into
Spain
;
but
before
his
departure
,
he
signified
to
the
confederated
States
,
that
he
went
to
marry
the
Infanta
,
and
that
he
had
the
Low-conntries
for
Portion
with
her
,
and
was
already
acknowledged
Lord
thereof
:
Therefore
he
conjured
them
to
associate
themselves
to
the
other
Provinces
,
in
respect
that
the
King
had
divided
them
from
his
other
Demaines
;
and
that
thus
all
distrusts
being
taken
away
,
he
withed
nothing
more
,
then
to
see
that
Body
entire
,
and
in
peace
under
his
Government
:
But
all
in
vain
.
For
Religion
and
liberty
were
too
charming
subjects
to
be
abandoned
;
and
they
who
are
growne
to
be
Masters
,
abhorre
to
fall
back
into
forvitude
.
He
began
his
journey
in
the
moneth
of
September
,
in
the
yeer
1598
,
leaving
Cardinal
Andrew
his
cosin
,
for
his
Licutenant
,
and
sent
his
army
towards
the
Rheyn
,
which
,
at
his
return
he
found
full
of
confusion
and
revolt
,
for
want
of
pay
.
He
was
received
in
all
places
where
he
passed
(
together
with
the
Princess
Margaret
of
Austria
,
spouse
of
Philip
the
third
,
whom
he
conducted
in
his
company
)
with
honours
due
to
the
greatnes
of
their
quality
.
He
stayed
not
in
Spain
;
but
as
soon
as
he
had
married
the
Princesse
Clara
Eugenia
,
The
King
of
France
repolisheth
his
Kingdome
.
he
brought
her
into
the
Low
Countries
,
and
they
made
their
entry
into
Brussels
in
the
moneth
of
September
,
1599.
He
brings
the
Infanta
,
1599.
King
Henry
of
France
,
having
given
his
subjects
a
peace
,
made
it
all
his
care
to
repolish
his
kingdom
,
much
depraved
by
the
prolixity
of
the
civil
warrs
,
to
revive
the
laws
strucken
dumb
,
by
the
licentiousness
of
the
souldiers
,
to
place
good
order
every
where
;
and
in
fine
,
to
establish
two
Religions
in
very
good
union
,
aswel
for
his
own
service
,
as
for
the
repose
of
his
people
:
Whereas
King
Philip
,
on
the
other
side
,
in
his
,
would
have
but
one
.
But
some
persons
of
very
great
experience
,
have
conceived
,
that
if
he
had
embraced
the
same
Maxime
,
he
might
have
preserved
the
seventeen
Provinces
,
though
others
have
beleeved
,
that
he
would
rather
have
lost
them
all
,
as
being
too
far
distant
from
them
,
and
consequently
unable
to
accommodate
himself
to
all
occurrences
,
which
required
a
diversity
of
temperaments
.
But
this
Prince
(
namely
Henry
)
had
been
educated
in
the
reformed
Religion
,
and
so
knew
the
humours
,
&
the
forces
of
that
party
not
to
be
contemptible
.
He
was
Son
to
Anthony
of
Bourbon
,
who
was
slain
at
the
siege
of
Roüen
.
The
Prince
of
Conde
being
slain
in
the
battell
of
Jarnac
,
and
the
Admiral
remaining
Generall
of
the
Hughenot
army
,
he
advised
them
to
nominate
for
their
Generall
Henry
of
Bourbon
,
a
young
Lord
,
who
had
ever
defended
their
party
;
and
so
he
being
turned
Catholick
,
and
upon
that
made
King
of
France
,
had
alwayes
a
particular
care
to
uphold
them
,
as
a
people
,
from
which
he
had
received
great
services
.
But
there
was
very
great
danger
of
taking
from
them
that
,
which
had
been
promised
them
by
so
many
Proclamations
or
Edicts
,
nor
did
they
indeed
forbear
to
cry
up
their
services
,
and
bragg
,
that
it
was
they
onely
who
put
the
Crown
upon
his
head
.
Henry
the
3.
last
King
of
the
race
of
Valois
Now
the
Royall
race
of
the
Valois
being
extinguished
by
the
death
of
Henry
the
third
,
son
to
Henry
the
second
,
he
succeeded
to
the
Crown
,
though
with
much
dispute
,
and
repugnancie
:
but
his
justice
was
accompanied
by
his
valour
,
and
so
by
rejecting
that
,
which
was
most
prejudiciall
to
him
(
to
wit
,
the
reformed
Religion
)
he
quieted
all
his
subjects
,
and
reduced
them
to
their
duty
.
CHAP.
II
King
Henry
gives
his
sister
in
marriage
to
the
Marquis
du
Pont
,
espowses
Mary
of
Medicis
,
and
wages
warre
with
the
Duke
of
Savoy
.
The
enterprizt
of
the
said
Duke
upon
Geneva
.
Henry
gives
his
sister
to
the
Marquis
du
Pont
THe
King
not
content
with
giving
the
Hughenots
all
they
had
ever
desired
,
intended
besides
,
to
obliege
the
house
of
Lorraine
,
by
allying
the
Princes
thereof
with
his
own
.
And
so
he
matched
his
sister
to
the
Marquis
du
Pont
,
who
retained
the
exercise
of
the
reformed
Religion
;
lived
in
most
perfect
amity
with
her
husband
,
and
deceased
without
issue
.
The
Kings
marriage
being
declared
null
,
and
Madame
Gabriell
,
by
whom
he
had
many
children
,
(
the
eldest
whereof
is
the
Duke
of
Vandosme
)
ending
her
dayes
by
suddain
death
,
Marries
Mary
of
Medicis
.
he
married
Mary
Medicis
,
sister
to
the
grand
Duke
of
Florence
,
who
arrived
in
France
in
the
moneth
of
December
,
being
the
last
of
the
precedent
age
.
Upon
the
delay
of
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
to
restore
him
the
Marquisat
of
Saluces
,
he
prepared
himself
for
warre
:
And
the
Duke
to
divert
the
storm
,
came
to
him
at
Lyons
,
with
store
of
presents
,
and
promised
to
render
him
the
said
Marquisat
,
Makes
war
upon
the
Duke
of
Savoy
.
or
else
the
County
of
Bresses
,
within
the
term
of
six
moneths
:
But
the
effect
thereof
not
following
,
the
King
quickly
made
himself
master
of
all
Savoy
.
There
is
no
amusing
or
retarding
a
potent
creditor
,
who
hath
both
will
and
meanes
to
make
himself
payd
.
In
fine
,
by
the
mediation
of
the
Pope
,
a
peace
was
made
,
whereby
the
Duke
remained
in
possession
of
the
Marquisat
,
and
the
King
of
the
aforesaid
Country
of
Bresses
.
Through
this
peace
Italy
was
delivered
from
a
great
oppression
,
and
so
the
Troops
of
the
Conde
de
Fuentes
marched
out
of
the
Duchy
of
Milan
towards
Flanders
.
During
the
civil
wars
,
a
little
before
the
terrible
execution
at
Blois
,
the
aforesaid
Duke
easily
recovered
the
said
Marquisat
,
by
vertue
,
(
as
it
was
believed
)
of
Pistolls
.
Gold
.
He
caused
money
to
be
coined
,
with
a
Centaur
,
treading
under
his
feet
a
Gawlish
Hercules
,
with
this
Motto
,
Opportunè
.
But
Henry
after
his
Conquest
,
and
the
accomplishment
of
his
Pretensions
,
stamped
another
sort
,
representing
a
Gawlish
Hercules
,
treading
upon
a
Centaur
,
with
this
,
Opportunius
.
We
must
never
let
our
hearts
be
too
much
puffed
up
with
prosperity
,
but
consider
that
the
conquered
,
grow
often
to
be
Conquerours
.
We
will
not
leave
Savoy
,
till
we
shall
first
have
spoken
of
the
enterprize
Which
the
Duke
had
upon
the
City
of
Geneva
.
The
City
of
Geneva
.
She
is
situated
upon
the
Rhine
,
neer
a
great
Lake
,
and
was
before
that
reformation
,
the
Seat
of
a
Bishop
.
She
changed
her
Religion
in
the
yeer
1535
,
since
when
,
no
Romane
Catholick
(
as
it
is
published
)
is
tollerated
there
above
three
dayes
.
Now
Charles
Emanuel
,
the
aforesaid
Duke
,
attempred
to
make
himself
Lord
of
her
by
surprize
.
He
secretly
listed
twelve
hundred
men
,
under
the
command
of
Monsieur
d'
Aubigny
,
who
by
meanes
of
great
store
of
ladders
,
and
other
instruments
,
got
to
the
number
of
two
hundered
into
the
Town
,
whilest
the
Duke
was
following
with
some
Regiments
of
recruit
.
But
being
discovered
,
and
the
Citizens
running
to
their
armes
,
they
were
strucken
with
terrour
,
and
returned
the
same
way
they
came
,
without
having
been
able
to
seize
upon
so
much
as
one
of
the
Gates
,
to
let
in
the
forces
,
Thus
this
great
designe
,
so
long
premeditated
,
so
secretly
carried
,
so
well
begun
,
and
almost
compleatly
executed
,
at
last
failed
:
But
whether
through
the
valour
of
the
townsmen
,
or
the
cowardlinesse
of
the
Savoyers
,
I
know
not
:
they
were
so
nettled
by
this
fright
,
that
Father
Alexander
,
a
Scottish
Jesuite
,
with
all
his
remonstrances
and
exhortations
,
could
never
infuse
any
courage
into
their
hearts
.
But
this
hot
Camisado
or
assault
,
made
them
of
Geneva
stand
upon
their
guard
,
for
their
own
preservation
;
and
to
this
effect
,
they
raised
some
souldiers
,
and
implored
the
assistance
of
the
King
,
who
declared
them
comprized
within
the
Peace
of
Vervin
,
and
gave
them
a
pension
:
since
which
time
they
have
kept
themselves
in
peace
.
The
Princes
of
the
aforesaid
family
affirm
,
that
the
said
City
is
seated
within
the
district
of
Savoy
,
and
consequently
belongs
to
them
.
But
that
which
cannot
be
gotten
by
force
,
will
not
be
acquired
by
allegation
of
right
.
CHAP.
III.
The
Jubile
.
Biron
executed
.
The
battell
of
Flanders
.
La
Bourlotte
killed
.
Rinberg
taken
.
The
Iubile
.
THe
first
yeer
of
this
age
,
Pope
Clement
celebrated
a
Jubile
at
Rome
,
whether
there
flocked
an
infinite
number
of
people
from
all
parts
,
some
out
of
curiosity
,
and
to
see
Italy
,
and
others
out
of
devotion
,
and
to
gaine
the
Indulgences
.
But
let
us
now
return
towards
the
Low
Countries
,
in
regard
that
France
grew
to
be
even
steeped
in
delights
(
the
fruits
of
peace
)
and
no
body
in
motion
,
but
Mareschal
de
Biron
,
Biron
beheaded
who
attainted
and
convicted
of
the
crime
of
high
Treason
,
for
having
kept
correspondency
with
a
forraigne
Prince
,
was
beheaded
in
the
Court
of
the
Bastill
.
Indeed
,
that
infinity
of
brave
actions
,
which
had
crowned
his
head
with
lawrell
,
ought
(
methinks
)
to
have
saved
him
from
this
stroake
.
But
what
?
Fortune
had
elevated
him
very
high
,
so
to
tumble
him
down
headlong
into
this
precipice
.
The
Archduke
Albert
,
seing
it
was
but
labour
lost
to
solicite
the
States
of
Holland
to
a
reconciliation
,
and
that
all
the
exploits
of
the
Admiral
did
more
sharpen
the
bordering
provinces
,
then
fright
the
confederates
,
and
that
the
enterprize
upon
Bommel
proved
as
fruitlesse
as
that
of
La
Bourlotte
,
upon
some
places
thereabouts
,
yea
,
and
that
one
part
of
his
forces
mutinied
,
and
had
taken
up
their
quarter
apart
,
under
the
conduct
of
one
Eelcto
,
The
mutiny
of
the
Spaniards
.
he
began
to
lay
about
him
,
to
find
money
to
content
them
,
and
reduce
his
Militia
to
a
good
discipline
:
but
he
could
never
be
brought
to
pardon
them
,
who
sold
the
Fort
of
St.
Andrew
.
The
States
upon
the
other
side
,
and
Prince
Maurice
,
having
shut
up
their
Common
wealth
,
by
the
taking
of
such
places
as
gave
them
enterance
to
the
enemy
,
and
by
consequence
deprived
him
of
all
meanes
of
drawing
contribution
out
of
the
said
Provinces
,
resolved
to
keep
one
foot
in
Flanders
(
the
most
fertile
Province
of
all
)
thereby
the
more
to
incommodate
the
Archduke
,
who
hearing
that
the
Prince
was
entered
with
a
puissant
army
neer
Newport
,
made
his
troops
march
with
all
speed
,
cut
off
seven
or
eight
hundred
Scots
,
who
kept
the
Bridge
,
and
being
prowd
upon
this
happy
encounter
,
advanced
to
affront
his
enemies
,
without
granting
his
souldiers
,
who
were
tired
with
their
long
march
,
so
much
leisure
as
to
breath
.
But
Maurice
,
having
drawn
back
his
fleet
into
the
main
,
thereby
to
hinder
his
souldiers
from
flight
,
and
obleige
them
rather
to
die
honourably
,
The
Battell
of
Flanders
.
then
to
seek
a
shamefull
retreat
;
made
a
generous
resistance
,
and
won
a
glorious
victory
.
The
Mutiners
gave
a
remarkable
account
of
themselves
,
Gotten
by
Maurice
,
and
the
first
of
this
Age.
and
almost
all
lost
their
lives
in
the
dispute
.
The
Admirall
was
taken
prisoner
,
and
many
Officers
of
note
.
And
this
was
the
first
battell
of
this
age
,
which
proved
favourable
to
the
Hollanders
,
who
conferred
all
imaginable
honours
upon
their
victorious
Prince
,
by
shouts
of
joy
,
Bonefires
,
&c.
The
Archduke
,
having
tasted
the
bitter
fruits
of
bad
counsell
,
forthwith
reinforced
his
army
,
and
sent
troops
into
all
the
forts
about
Ostend
,
in
such
sort
as
that
Maurice
,
finding
no
gap
of
advantage
,
imbarqued
his
foot
,
and
repassed
into
Holland
.
La
Bourlotte
killed
.
Collonell
La
Bourlotte
,
going
to
defend
Fort
Issabell
,
was
killed
there
by
musquet
shot
,
and
his
death
much
regretted
by
the
Archduke
,
he
having
given
great
characters
of
himself
,
in
divers
actions
and
occasions
of
his
service
,
as
the
taken
of
many
towns
,
and
fighting
of
many
battels
.
His
life
.
He
was
a
Gentleman
born
in
Lorraine
,
ascended
to
very
high
military
charges
,
by
his
huge
courage
,
esteemed
one
of
the
greatest
Captains
of
his
time
.
Henry
the
fourth
endeavoured
to
disingage
him
from
the
service
of
the
Arch-Duke
,
in
case
there
happened
a
good
agreement
:
but
he
being
too
passionate
for
the
service
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
would
not
hearken
to
it
at
all
.
Now
the
warre
was
continued
by
enterprises
,
which
for
the
most
part
issued
to
the
dammage
of
the
undertakers
;
and
almost
ever
,
of
the
Treaties
.
The
greatest
incoveniences
were
by
Sea
,
where
the
Dunkerkers
,
who
were
snapt
,
were
hanged
without
mercy
;
who
likewise
often
repayed
the
same
coyn
to
the
Herring-Fishers
,
and
others
.
The
Zelanders
continually
complained
of
the
mischiefs
they
received
from
Spinola's
Gallies
at
the
Sluce
,
which
indeed
were
neither
small
nor
insensible
.
But
this
thorn
was
quickly
taken
out
of
their
sides
,
and
the
said
Town
taken
by
famine
,
whilest
the
Spaniards
were
engaged
at
the
siege
of
Ostend
.
Rhinl
e●gh
taken
by
agreen
●nent
.
Rinbergh
was
besieged
by
Prince
Maurice
1601.
and
well
defended
by
the
Garrison
,
which
was
strong
:
But
the
relief
coming
too
late
,
and
sinding
the
Hollanders
well
intrenched
,
durst
not
venter
;
and
so
the
Governour
D'Avila
was
constrained
to
yeeld
up
the
place
(
not
without
having
performed
the
action
of
a
valiant
Captain
)
upon
honourable
conditions
,
about
the
beginning
of
August
the
same
year
:
And
Meurs
likewise
followed
the
victorious
Chariot
of
Prince
Maurice
.
CHAP.
IV
The
Siege
of
Ostend
.
Maurice
attempts
the
surprise
of
Bois-le-Ducque
and
besieges
,
and
carries
the
Grave
.
ALbert
,
importuned
by
the
States
of
Flanders
,
to
free
them
from
their
ill
neighbours
,
and
those
Birds
of
prey
at
Ostend
,
in
regard
that
the
Forts
thereof
could
not
stop
their
occasions
,
nor
hinder
them
from
fixing
their
cluches
in
the
flat
Country
;
suffered
himself
to
be
induced
to
that
high
and
most
difficult
enterprise
:
partly
to
draw
Maurice
from
Rinbergh
,
and
animated
also
,
partly
by
the
vast
summe
of
monies
,
which
the
said
States
undertook
to
furnish
,
at
different
terms
for
this
work
.
For
their
interest
urged
them
to
unnestle
those
enemies
;
and
it
belonged
only
to
the
Eagle
to
make
so
high
a
flight
.
But
a
place
,
which
hath
alwayes
one
Gate
open
,
and
where
so
many
neighbours
pretend
an
interest
,
is
not
so
soon
gotten
.
The
said
Town
was
ever
very
carefully
conserved
and
kept
,
as
well
by
the
Queen
of
England
,
as
by
the
confederated
States
;
so
to
draw
great
contributions
from
it
.
It
was
before
the
troubles
,
but
a
very
small
paltry
place
,
a
Retreat
for
Fishers
;
but
very
well
known
since
by
the
most
famous
and
memorable
siege
that
ever
was
.
The
siege
of
Ostend
begun
thes.
of
July
1601.
It
was
invested
,
as
much
as
possibly
it
could
be
,
in
the
year
1601
upon
the
5.
of
July
;
and
first
revictualled
afterwards
by
an
English
Knight
,
called
Veer
,
and
above
three
thousand
fresh
souldiers
of
his
country
,
sent
by
the
Queen
.
In
the
month
of
September
,
Admiral
de
Varniont
,
came
with
a
hundred
and
seventy
Sayl
of
Ships
,
loaden
with
all
kinds
of
Munition
,
both
for
war
and
mouth
,
for
the
winter
;
so
that
all
was
better
cheap
there
,
then
even
in
Holland
it self
.
This
made
the
Prince
resolve
about
All-hallown-tide
,
to
go
and
attack
Boisle-Due
:
And
the
Arch-Duke
well
knowing
the
importance
of
the
place
,
sent
an
Armythither
,
and
put
some
colours
into
the
Town
.
But
the
coldness
of
the
weather
proved
the
strongest
enemy
,
and
forced
him
to
pack
up
his
Baggage
,
and
march
another
way
.
In
the
monoth
of
September
aforesaid
,
the
Queen
of
Spain
was
delivered
of
a
Daughter
,
and
the
Queen
of
France
of
a
[
](A55965-e37090-b)*
*
The
title
of
the
eldest
son
of
the
Crown
.
Dolphin
;
who
by
a
happy
destiny
were
afterwards
joyned
together
in
marriage
,
as
we
shall
shew
in
fit
place
.
Prince
Maurice
,
finding
his
enterprise
upon
Boisleduc
crossed
,
and
that
the
Spaniards
continued
their
siege
,
raised
more
souldiers
the
year
following
,
and
towards
the
end
of
Iune
,
with
a
terrible
train
,
he
marched
down
into
Brabant
.
The
Arch-Duke
,
informed
of
his
great
preparation
,
enabled
by
some
money
from
Spain
,
and
the
reasons
for
the
continuation
of
the
siege
,
in
which
the
Honour
of
the
House
of
Austria
was
engaged
,
and
all
difficulties
well
ballanced
by
that
most
cautelous
and
advised
nation
,
resolved
for
his
part
,
to
make
a
great
defence
.
It
is
in
trouble
,
that
vertue
shines
with
most
luster
.
He
sent
the
Admirall
into
Brabant
to
stop
the
progresse
of
the
Princes
,
who
having
some
Italian
Regiments
with
him
,
intrenched
himself
near
Tirlemont
,
a
Town
grown
famous
since
by
her
deplorable
misfortune
,
and
buried
in
her
own
ashes
.
The
Hollanders
,
not
being
able
to
draw
the
Spaniards
,
(
who
were
yet
mindful
of
their
losse
received
before
Newport
)
to
a
generall
decision
,
diverted
their
course
,
and
incamped
themselves
before
Grave
;
which
Town
being
well
fortified
,
was
two
moneths
after
surrendred
upon
conditions
:
Grave
yeeld
upon
agreement
.
Mutiny
.
The
Spaniards
seaze
upon
Hoochstrade
.
And
the
Admirall
not
able
to
raise
the
siege
,
was
constrained
to
retreat
:
neither
could
he
hinder
the
disbanding
and
mutinies
of
some
of
his
Souldiers
,
who
seazed
upon
the
Town
of
Hoochstrade
,
and
began
a
new
policy
amongst
themselves
.
The
Arch-Duke
hastens
thither
;
and
the
Admiral
drawes
his
stake
out
of
play
,
and
retires
himself
into
Spain
,
But
Albert
instead
of
water
,
cast
oyle
into
the
sire
;
and
,
contrary
to
the
advice
of
the
States
under
his
obedience
,
proscribes
them
,
and
declares
them
Rebels
,
Traitors
,
attainted
,
Mecauban
.
and
convicted
of
High
Treason
in
a
superlative
degree
,
&c.
But
it
is
in
vain
to
be
angry
without
strength
;
and
the
weak
Lawes
,
yeeld
to
the
unjust
violence
of
Armes
.
The
Squadron
of
Mutiners
remained
not
mute
,
and
the
intercession
of
the
Nuncio
proved
fruitlesse
:
the
Arch-Duke
being
resolute
,
and
they
re-inforcing
themselves
with
men
and
mony
,
by
the
near
neighbourhood
of
the
consederated
Provinces
.
Now
these
Revolts
gave
advantage
to
the
States
,
and
meanes
to
go
in
execution
through
all
the
Country
of
Luxembergh
;
and
such
as
refused
contribution
,
had
the
grief
of
seeing
their
house
set
on
fire
.
This
Cavelcada
,
or
Inroade
was
finished
in
lesse
then
a
moneth
,
and
without
any
resistance
at
all
.
During
these
interludes
,
the
Mutiners
governed
themselves
in
form
of
a
Republick
,
observing
a
most
exact
discipline
;
and
amongst
other
Lawes
,
forbidding
Cards
and
Dice
.
They
were
besieged
in
Hoochstrade
,
Are
besieged
and
succoured
by
Prince
Maurice
.
and
succoured
by
the
Prince
upon
certain
conditions
:
which
done
,
he
returned
again
before
Boisleduc
:
But
this
Conquest
was
reserved
for
his
Brother
,
as
we
shall
hereafter
shew
.
The
Arch-Duke
,
notwithstanding
so
many
inconveniences
,
mutinies
,
vexations
and
losses
,
stood
as
firm
and
immoveable
,
as
a
Rock
against
the
greatest
stormes
before
Ostend
,
though
to
his
no
small
displeasure
,
saw
it
often
relieved
.
And
Prince
Maurice
not
yet
satiated
with
so
many
victories
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
resolved
to
vanquish
his
contumacie
by
a
more
sensible
diversion
.
The
expences
of
this
siege
could
not
choose
but
be
great
;
but
the
people
liberally
consented
without
grudging
.
So
pleasant
is
victory
,
how
dear
soever
bought
.
Money
.
The
arrivall
of
Marquis
Ambrose
Spinola
with
the
Golden
Fleece
was
a
Spinola
came
into
Flanders
with
mony
.
wholesome
Balsom
to
cure
the
disease
of
the
mutinied
Squadron
;
for
it
made
them
return
to
the
Arch-Dukes
service
,
and
hastened
the
rendition
of
the
Town
,
by
the
order
of
continuall
mining
,
which
was
given
by
the
said
Marquis
.
The
Prince
in
the
interim
was
not
asleep
,
for
he
departed
in
the
moneth
of
April
,
with
a
huge
number
of
Boats
,
took
many
Forts
,
besides
the
Towns
of
Isendike
and
Ardenbergh
;
and
incamped
himself
before
the
renowned
Town
of
Sluce
,
Sluce
taken
by
famine
.
which
,
with
some
Gallies
,
was
rendred
three
moneths
after
,
by
famine
,
though
Spinola
acted
all
the
parts
,
which
could
be
invented
by
the
most
subtle
wit
,
and
used
all
the
force
,
which
the
most
valiant
and
resolute
souldier
could
manifest
,
to
relieve
the
besieged
:
But
his
enemies
were
too
well
intrenched
,
and
his
provident
Rivall
,
kept
himself
too
much
upon
his
guard
.
Ostend
taken
1604.
The
taking
of
Ostend
1604
,
followed
close
upon
the
heels
of
that
of
Sluce
,
and
the
composition
made
by
the
besieged
,
was
very
honourable
.
There
marched
out
,
of
divers
nations
,
about
three
thousand
men
,
the
number
of
the
dead
,
as
well
on
the
one
side
,
as
the
other
,
surpassed
the
beleif
of
man
;
and
the
issue
of
this
siege
,
kept
all
the
power
of
Europe
in
suspense
.
This
Age
,
which
was
to
be
all
Iron
,
fire
,
blood
,
and
slaughter
:
This
Age
(
I
say
)
which
was
to
be
the
totall
ruine
of
Christendome
,
together
with
that
of
Faith
and
Charity
;
could
not
begin
better
,
then
by
such
a
siege
.
This
was
the
most
famous
Schoole
of
warre
,
that
ever
was
before
,
as
where
all
the
Martial
Spirits
resorted
,
to
learn
Discipline
,
and
to
put
it
in
practice
(
as
they
have
done
since
)
in
their
own
Countries
.
The
French
,
the
English
,
the
Germans
,
and
the
Scots
,
The
Siege
lasted
above
three
years
.
together
with
the
Hollanders
,
defended
this
place
about
three
yeers
,
through
the
advantages
and
commodities
afforded
them
by
the
Sea
.
The
Spaniards
,
Italians
,
Walloons
,
Burgundians
,
and
other
Germans
,
attacked
it
with
all
the
force
,
and
industry
the
greatest
courages
were
able
to
invent
.
All
such
as
were
not
present
at
this
bloody
exercise
,
but
remained
mute
at
home
,
at
the
noise
of
so
much
blood-shed
;
expected
the
dubious
issue
of
so
hazardous
a
siege
,
upon
which
the
Monarchy
of
the
whole
world
seemed
to
depend
.
Yea
,
even
the
Great
Turk
himself
,
ravished
with
joy
by
the
ruine
of
the
Christians
,
was
not
a
little
glad
,
to
see
such
an
obstinate
resolution
on
both
sides
.
Let
us
here
take
notice
of
the
Divine
Providence
,
which
(
like
another
Jupiter
)
laughs
at
the
folly
of
Mortalls
;
who
like
other
Gyants
,
will
needs
make
themselves
masters
of
all
,
and
endeavour
to
outbrave
the
very
Elements
themselves
.
The
fiercest
enemies
to
mankind
are
War
,
Plague
,
and
other
Infirmities
:
The
Reward
of
victory
a
morsell
of
earth
,
and
houses
buried
under
their
own
foundations
.
And
now
,
if
courage
and
generosity
egged
on
many
to
this
;
certainly
pitty
moved
infinitely
more
,
there
to
bewayle
their
friends
,
buried
under
the
ruines
of
this
second
Troy
,
and
view
a
little
piece
of
ground
,
which
had
cost
so
much
pains
,
so
much
sweat
,
so
much
time
,
so
much
blood
,
and
so
much
mony
.
All
the
industry
of
man
was
set
on
work
there
on
both
sides
;
and
the
Arch-Duke
,
and
Arch-Dutches
,
had
both
the
trouble
,
and
the
charge
of
repairing
this
place
,
and
putting
it
into
that
state
,
wherein
we
now
see
it
.
Necessity
caused
this
siege
(
at
first
judged
easie
)
to
be
begun
,
Reputation
to
be
continued
,
and
power
(
in
despight
of
interest
)
by
the
industry
and
valour
of
Spinola
,
brought
it
to
an
end
.
CHAP.
V
Peace
between
the
Spaniard
and
the
English
.
King
Henry
of
France
re-eshablishes
the
Jesuits
.
Father
Cotton
hurt
.
Warre
about
the
Rhein
,
Peace
made
between
the
Kings
of
Spain
and
England
.
1604.
THe
Spaniards
,
having
sufficiently
tried
the
great
hurt
done
them
by
the
English
,
during
the
life
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
as
well
in
Spain
it self
,
as
by
Sea
,
and
in
the
Low-countries
;
yea
,
and
at
the
Siege
of
Ostend
also
;
and
finding
,
that
all
satisfaction
endeavored
to
procure
from
them
,
either
in
Ireland
,
or
England
,
had
not
any
kind
of
good
successe
;
began
to
think
,
that
a
peace
with
these
insulary
people
,
would
prove
necessary
for
the
State
.
Nor
had
they
much
trouble
to
obtain
it
;
King
James
being
easily
inclined
to
it
by
some
certain
jealousie
,
which
had
taken
root
in
his
soul
.
The
Arch-Duke
and
his
Dutchesse
were
comprehended
in
it
,
and
it
was
concluded
the
very
same
day
,
that
the
Garrison
went
out
of
Ostend
.
France
,
through
the
enjoyment
of
seven
yeares
peace
,
was
so
well
restored
,
that
there
seemed
not
to
have
been
any
warre
in
more
then
half
an
age
before
.
King
Henry
,
being
a
great
husband
of
his
Finances
,
or
Exchequer
;
made
a
journy
to
Metz
,
where
two
Jesuits
cast
themselves
at
his
feet
,
beseeching
him
with
a
very
elegant
speech
,
to
vouchsafe
to
re-establish
them
through
all
the
kingdome
.
The
Parliament
of
Paris
,
and
the
Sorbon
opposed
them
;
but
the
King
,
by
special
grace
admitted
them
,
The
Jesuits
re-established
in
France
.
and
demolished
the
Pyramide
,
which
had
been
erected
against
them
,
for
that
one
of
their
Schollars
had
hurt
the
King
in
the
mouth
;
And
the
Mines
,
which
the
Hughenots
sprung
against
their
Society
,
were
either
discovered
or
despised
:
At
least
,
they
wrought
no
effect
.
But
Father
Cotton
,
going
once
to
the
King
,
was
attacked
in
the
Loüure
by
a
great
number
of
Lackies
,
Father
Cotton
hurt
by
Lackies
at
the
Lonure
.
who
after
many
quipps
and
scoffes
,
very
dangerously
wounded
him
,
and
would
have
killed
him
,
if
a
Count
had
not
hastened
to
the
stirre
,
and
taken
him
out
of
their
bands
.
His
Majesty
seemed
much
displeased
herear
;
and
all
issued
to
the
confusion
of
the
one
,
and
the
glory
of
the
other
.
The
year
following
,
Prince
Maurice
had
an
enterprise
upon
the
Dike
of
Antwerp
,
from
whence
he
retyred
with
remarkable
losse
,
before
the
Castle
of
Wowde
,
which
he
took
by
capitulation
.
The
Arch-Duke
on
the
other
side
,
disgusted
at
the
losse
of
Sluce
,
and
desiring
to
keep
Flanders
free
from
contribution
,
sent
Spinela
to
the
said
place
,
whose
credit
was
already
much
augmented
amongst
his
enemies
,
as
well
as
amongst
them
of
the
Spanish
party
.
But
Maurice
,
having
prevented
him
,
and
put
all
things
in
good
order
,
he
found
himself
fain
to
seek
the
same
way
,
which
the
Count
de
Bucquoy
had
taken
,
with
a
flying
Camp
,
towards
the
Rhein
;
which
he
passed
,
and
took
Oldenzeel
,
and
Lingen
;
and
if
he
had
prosecuted
his
business
with
the
same
ardor
and
promptitude
,
wherewith
he
began
,
it
was
very
probable
,
he
might
have
seased
upon
Coeverden
,
Groening
;
yea
,
Embden
it self
,
and
so
have
taken
footing
in
Freezland
;
Warre
about
the
Rhein
.
in
regard
that
he
would
have
found
no
great
resstance
,
for
want
of
men
;
especially
coming
upon
an
exploit
,
both
unforeseen
and
unexpected
.
There
was
yet
another
very
dangerous
encounter
towards
the
Rhem
,
where
Prince
Henry
had
incurred
great
hazard
of
being
killed
,
or
taken
,
if
he
had
not
been
seconded
by
his
Brother
;
wherein
he
was
more
happy
,
then
in
the
enterprise
of
Guelders
.
The
Designes
upon
Grave
,
and
Bergh
upon
Zoom
,
were
hurtfull
to
the
undertakers
,
and
served
for
an
advertisement
to
them
,
upon
whom
they
were
practised
,
to
keep
themselves
upon
their
guard
.
The
Count
de
Buequoy
quickly
brake
the
garrisons
of
Wotchtendone
,
and
Cracaw
;
and
so
winter
was
as
a
trumpet
which
sounded
a
retreat
,
to
both
armies
.
The
morning
is
never
so
fair
,
but
that
there
appears
some
cloud
upon
the
Horizon
,
before
the
day
be
quite
spent
.
France
is
never
so
well
at
rest
,
but
that
there
is
some
stir
,
either
in
one
corner
or
other
,
or
in
the
middle
.
For
they
are
people
of
a
fiery
spirit
,
and
enemies
to
quiet
.
The
conspiracy
,
which
was
discovered
in
Provence
at
that
time
,
and
the
author
whereof
was
a
gentleman
of
that
Country
,
(
who
was
appreheded
at
Paris
,
together
with
the
Secretary
to
the
Spanish
Embassador
)
caused
the
the
said
Embassadour
to
complaine
,
and
reproach
,
that
the
Peace
was
not
well
kept
:
to
which
the
King
answered
by
other
objections
,
which
were
the
seeds
of
the
contrariety
since
,
between
these
two
nations
,
who
yet
by
different
wayes
,
seem
to
have
both
,
but
one
object
for
their
end
.
The
birch
of
Philip
the
fourth
King
of
Spaine
,
the●●
of
April
.
This
very
yeer
1605
,
upon
the
8th.
of
April
,
was
born
Philip
the
4th.
who
holds
the
Spanish
Monarchie
at
this
day
.
And
the
same
year
,
died
Pope
Clement
the
8th.
and
Theodore
Beza
,
and
the
year
following
,
Justus
Lipsins
,
Professour
of
the
University
of
Lovain
.
CHAP.
VI
The
difference
which
happened
between
Pope
Paul
the
fifth
,
and
the
Republick
of
Venice
,
and
why
?
The
peace
made
.
The
Duke
of
Brunswick
endeavours
to
take
the
Town
.
The
King
of
Denmark
goes
into
England
.
The
continuation
of
the
wars
in
the
Low-Countries
.
WHiles
the
war
was
thus
hot
in
the
Low-Countries
,
there
happened
a
spark
of
division
in
Italy
,
between
the
Pope
,
and
the
Venetians
,
which
if
neglected
,
might
have
caused
an
emborasment
no
lesse
perilous
then
that
;
the
one
,
(
namely
the
Romane
Catholicks
)
ministring
all
kindes
of
means
,
and
reasons
to
quench
it
;
and
the
Reformates
,
all
sorts
of
invention
,
to
kindle
it
.
The
knot
of
the
controversie
was
,
that
the
said
Republick
had
made
a
Law
,
prohibiting
all
the
Ecclesiasticall
persons
,
to
buy
,
or
receive
by
Will
,
or
Testament
,
any
immovable
goods
,
or
other
inheritances
.
This
Order
,
being
ill
taken
at
Rome
,
caused
a
Bull
,
which
was
published
against
the
said
Republick
,
with
the
thunderbolt
of
excommunication
,
in
case
it
were
not
revoked
within
the
tearm
of
four
and
twenty
dayes
;
interdicting
the
Priests
to
say
Masse
,
The
difference
between
the
Pope
and
the
Venetians
.
under
paine
of
the
same
excommunication
.
The
Senate
protests
against
it
,
and
so
from
words
to
blows
.
Italy
was
instantly
in
armes
.
The
King
of
Spaine
ofters
assistance
to
the
Pope
,
and
Henry
the
fourth
as
much
,
but
under
condition
,
that
he
being
eldest
son
of
the
Church
,
his
Holinesse
would
receive
no
ayde
from
any
other
but
himself
.
This
proposition
,
together
with
the
information
which
he
had
,
that
the
King
of
England
and
the
Hollanders
(
enemies
to
the
holy
See
)
had
presented
all
kind
of
help
to
the
Venetians
,
and
being
also
moved
by
his
own
prudent
goodnesse
,
and
the
evident
danger
,
to
which
the
Catholick
States
would
be
exposed
)
caused
him
to
hearken
to
the
perswations
of
the
two
Kings
,
and
take
off
the
excommunication
,
whereby
the
businesse
was
appeased
,
Taken
away
by
the
intercession
of
the
two
Kings
.
and
all
the
Ecclesiasticks
,
who
were
gone
out
of
the
City
during
this
fogg
,
had
leave
to
return
,
except
onely
the
Jesuites
,
who
carried
the
whole
burthen
,
and
were
banithed
for
perpetuity
;
The
Jesuites
banished
out
of
the
Common-wealth
of
Venice
.
nor
have
all
the
intercessions
,
and
addresses
which
have
since
been
made
in
favour
of
them
,
by
the
King
of
France
,
and
many
other
Potentates
,
served
for
any
thing
,
but
to
renew
the
said
order
of
banishment
against
them
.
The
Protestants
(
their
capitall
enemies
)
have
not
failed
to
serve
themselves
of
this
occasion
,
as
also
of
many
other
,
to
cry
them
down
every
where
by
accusing
them
of
some
conspiracies
against
the
said
Common-wealth
,
whereof
yet
there
is
no
clear
mention
made
at
all
.
For
they
make
profession
to
be
forbidden
by
their
rule
to
meddle
with
State
business
.
But
a
good
Game
,
good
Gaine
.
They
are
not
without
fellowes
,
for
England
furnishes
them
likewise
with
matter
enough
.
Now
these
animosities
being
appeased
,
there
returned
a
calm
to
all
Italy
,
which
we
will
now
leave
to
come
back
into
Germany
and
Holland
;
For
here
it
is
that
men
are
alwayes
in
action
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
whilest
the
rust
of
Christendom
are
at
rest
.
It
is
true
that
the
Duke
of
Brunswick
seeing
Spinola
with
a
great
army
neer
Lingen
,
took
a
pretext
to
raise
one
to
,
but
it
was
in
effect
to
attack
the
chief
town
of
the
Dutchy
.
An
attempt
upon
Brunswick
.
His
forces
seized
upon
one
of
the
gates
,
and
the
wall
,
without
much
trouble
;
but
they
weakly
desended
those
advantages
,
which
they
had
gotten
,
and
so
were
shamefully
beaten
oft
.
He
besieged
the
town
twice
,
but
the
Emperour
interposing
his
authority
,
all
was
quickly
accommodated
.
Enterprines
never
snoceed
well
but
by
the
courage
of
the
under
takers
.
The
King
of
Denmark
goes
into
England
.
The
King
of
Denmark
went
to
see
his
brother
inlaw
King
James
,
and
his
sister
,
where
having
been
regaled
the
space
of
a
moneth
,
he
returned
toward
his
own
Kingdom
;
not
without
admiring
the
pomp
,
and
magnificence
of
the
English
,
and
giving
marks
of
his
royall
greatnesse
,
to
that
glorious
nation
.
The
principall
motive
of
this
enterview
could
never
hither
to
be
truly
discovered
;
and
whatsoever
hath
been
said
thereof
,
hath
been
grounded
onely
upon
conjectures
,
suspicions
,
and
mistrusts
.
Spinola
comes
from
Spain
,
and
takes
,
Grol
.
In
the
spring
of
the
year
1606
Marquis
Spinola
returned
from
Spain
,
and
brought
a
vast
sum
of
money
with
him
,
which
is
the
true
sinew
of
war
,
and
the
most
excellent
oil
to
anoint
the
dull
armes
of
the
souldiers
;
and
having
therewith
;
put
the
Militia
in
good
discipline
,
he
sent
the
Count
de
Bucquoy
towards
the
Rheine
,
himself
following
shortly
after
:
but
the
continuall
rains
,
and
the
vigilancy
of
Prince
Maurice
,
made
him
lose
the
hope
of
re-gaining
any
access
to
Groening
,
and
the
other
places
of
strength
on
the
way
.
The
Count
de
Bucquoy
staying
behind
,
attempted
to
passe
the
Vehal
,
with
Pontons
and
smal
Boats
,
by
the
favour
of
a
battery
,
but
he
was
repulsed
.
But
Spinola
took
Lothem
,
and
seeing
then
,
that
amongst
so
many
enterprizes
,
none
of
them
all
prospered
so
,
as
to
get
over
the
Rivers
,
either
neer
the
Soul
,
or
elsewhere
,
he
turned
his
armes
against
Grol
,
which
by
furious
attacks
,
he
quickly
compelled
to
yeeld
,
notwithstanding
the
Garrison
were
strong
enough
.
And
not
yet
conrent
with
this
Town
,
he
caused
the
Count
de
Bucquoy
to
invest
Rhinbergh
,
who
could
not
hinder
Count
Henry
from
putting
fourteen
Colours
into
the
place
,
and
some
Cavalrie
besides
,
together
with
many
French
Gentlemen
Voluntiers
.
The
complaint
of
the
Spaniard
against
the
French
Catholikes
.
The
Spaniards
and
the
most
zealous
Romane
Catholicks
of
Europe
,
have
very
often
accused
the
French
of
levity
,
and
especially
such
of
them
as
are
Catholicks
,
in
regard
that
,
being
of
the
same
Law
with
the
Spaniards
,
and
in
peace
with
them
too
,
they
(
contrary
to
the
Treaty
of
Vervin
)
embraced
the
other
party
,
not
onely
to
strip
their
master
of
his
Demaynes
,
but
the
towns
also
themselves
of
the
exercise
of
the
Catholick
Religion
.
If
there
went
none
but
Spaniards
,
out
of
our
States
(
said
the
obedient
Towns
)
the
passion
of
the
French
would
be
in
some
sort
lawfull
,
but
,
since
our
Religion
is
banished
,
together
with
their
government
,
they
can
alleadge
no
receivable
excuse
,
to
exempt
them
from
injustice
and
blame
.
The
Priests
maintaining
,
that
it
was
a
matter
of
conscience
,
refused
to
give
absolution
to
the
souldiers
,
as
favourers
of
Heresie
,
and
enemies
to
the
Church
.
But
they
,
alwayes
covered
themselves
under
the
cloak
of
policy
,
and
made
the
same
answer
which
Henry
the
fourth
their
Master
did
,
to
the
Spanish
Embassador
,
that
it
was
not
a
war
of
Religion
,
but
of
State
.
The
complaints
often
enough
made
by
the
Archduke
and
Dutches
,
upon
this
subject
,
had
no
other
satisfaction
,
then
that
there
might
likewise
be
found
enow
,
in
their
Armies
;
and
that
it
was
free
for
every
one
,
to
choose
what
party
he
pleased
.
But
the
French
,
followed
rather
the
inclination
of
their
Prince
,
then
scruple
in
Religion
,
laid
more
to
heart
the
weakening
of
the
Power
of
Spaine
,
then
the
ruine
of
Hereticks
;
and
the
interest
of
their
Master
,
then
that
of
the
Catholick
faith
.
So
that
the
Protestants
made
use
of
them
,
and
have
prevailed
much
,
by
the
jealousie
of
State
,
which
reigns
betwixt
these
two
potent
nations
.
CHAP.
VII
The
taking
of
Rinbergh
.
The
mutiny
of
the
Spaniards
.
The
siege
of
Grol
,
raised
by
the
promptitude
of
the
Marquis
.
The
first
overture
for
a
Truce
received
.
WE
left
Spinola
so
well
intrenched
at
Rinbergh
,
that
the
Princes
courage
was
cooled
to
attack
him
,
who
bethought
himself
a
little
too
late
,
of
sending
his
brother
to
Venlo
,
so
to
make
a
powerfull
diversion
.
For
the
Town
being
battered
,
by
a
rough
,
and
smart
assaulter
,
and
defended
by
resolute
men
,
Rinbergh
rendered
.
was
at
last
,
forced
to
render
;
and
so
the
Garrison
,
to
the
number
of
three
thousand
dislodged
,
the
second
of
October
.
Now
the
taking
of
so
important
a
place
,
just
at
the
nose
of
so
strong
an
Army
,
produced
such
discourses
,
as
blinde
passion
dictated
,
to
men
of
blinde
judgement
;
and
the
Marquis
,
as
victorious
as
he
was
,
was
not
yet
able
to
divert
some
mutinies
in
his
Army
for
want
of
pay
:
and
therefore
,
considering
the
huge
inconveniencies
they
suffered
,
by
so
many
marches
,
sieges
,
enterprizes
,
and
the
harshuesse
of
the
season
,
he
thought
fit
to
refresh
them
,
in
the
County
of
Gulick
.
Now
,
the
Prince
,
who
desired
to
put
nothing
to
hazard
,
but
be
ever
prying
upon
occasions
,
met
at
length
with
this
.
He
caused
Lochom
to
be
besieged
,
which
quickly
submitted
,
Maurico
besiges
Grol
.
Spinola
rayses
him
thence
,
and
gives
Diet
to
the
inutiners
.
and
then
went
to
attack
Grol
.
But
the
unexpected
arrival
of
Spinola
,
made
him
change
the
vexations
of
that
siege
,
(
which
bred
so
many
diseases
in
his
army
)
into
a
most
advised
retreat
,
and
send
his
souldiers
into
their
winter
quarters
.
It
is
the
part
of
a
good
Pilot
,
to
take
his
measures
well
,
amongst
the
rocks
;
and
of
a
good
Generall
,
to
accommodate
himself
to
time
;
and
not
to
struggle
against
the
harshnesse
of
the
season
;
but
make
his
retreat
,
to
save
his
army
,
the
conservation
whereof
is
as
landable
,
as
the
hazardous
gaining
of
a
battell
.
The
Marquis
having
surmounted
many
inconveniences
,
to
deterr
his
enemies
from
the
continuing
the
siege
,
and
made
them
at
length
dislodge
;
endeavoured
besides
,
to
sweeten
the
mutiners
,
by
granting
Diet
,
for
their
winter
quarters
,
where
we
will
leave
them
,
and
follow
him
to
Brussels
,
to
contrive
the
first
propositions
of
the
Truce
.
Never
was
there
so
much
trouble
to
decide
a
businesse
of
importance
,
as
there
was
to
bring
the
confederated
States
,
to
hear
of
any
overanes
of
Peaces
,
or
Truce
.
It
seemed
more
easie
,
to
make
an
agreement
betwixt
fire
and
water
,
and
all
the
mettals
together
,
then
to
reconcile
these
two
parties
.
But
indeed
,
the
distrust
was
too
great
,
the
hatred
too
much
rooted
,
and
fortune
too
favourable
.
And
whereas
other
Countries
,
grow
poor
by
war
;
this
,
most
rich
,
most
potent
,
and
most
flourishing
.
For
on
the
one
side
,
the
enemies
army
could
not
enter
,
in
regard
of
the
frequencie
of
great
rivers
,
and
on
the
other
,
they
are
guarded
by
the
sea
,
in
such
sort
,
as
that
by
trafique
,
they
are
risen
to
such
a
height
,
that
every
body
courts
their
friendship
.
Many
assemblies
,
and
mediations
for
Peace
,
and
accommodation
were
made
,
but
all
vanished
into
smoak
,
and
served
rather
for
a
spur
to
war
,
then
a
balsom
,
to
mollifie
the
ulcerated
wounds
,
of
such
as
make
their
profit
by
Alarms
.
For
this
was
the
common
talk
;
There
is
no
trust
to
be
given
to
the
Spaniards
,
or
the
Papists
;
for
they
teach
,
that
they
are
not
to
keep
their
faith
with
Hereticks
:
The
fowler
sings
sweetly
to
draw
the
birds
into
his
Nets
:
and
many
other
such
reasons
,
which
served
onely
to
destroy
all
propositions
of
Peace
.
Nay
,
even
the
Embassies
of
the
Emperours
,
so
often
reiterated
,
were
able
to
reap
nothing
but
ceremonies
,
and
those
of
other
Princes
,
yet
lesse
.
The
complaints
of
the
neighbours
endammadged
and
oppressed
by
the
souldiers
,
were
not
heard
,
or
at
least
requited
,
with
excusing
the
necessity
of
times
,
and
affaires
.
For
the
sea
was
too
much
agitated
by
the
windes
,
and
hatred
of
them
,
who
would
have
this
potent
house
,
in
obedience
to
the
feeble
commands
of
this
[
](A55965-e40120-b)*
*
The
Vnited
Provinces
living
by
the
windes
and
waters
.
Aeolus
.
In
brief
,
they
who
spake
to
the
States
of
peace
,
were
as
welcome
at
the
Haghe
,
as
they
were
at
Venice
,
who
spake
for
the
Jesuites
,
notwithstanding
their
propositions
were
just
,
and
equitable
,
and
could
not
be
rejected
,
but
upon
meer
distrust
.
But
what
is
impossible
to
man
,
is
facil
to
God
;
and
all
fruit
growes
ripe
in
time
.
Let
us
now
see
the
reasons
of
this
resistance
.
The
States
could
not
imagine
,
that
the
King
of
Spaine
would
ever
renounce
the
Soverainty
,
of
so
many
,
and
so
illustrious
Provinces
;
and
again
,
they
who
were
become
Masters
,
had
lost
the
will
of
returning
to
obedience
.
They
were
grown
powerfull
,
by
the
allyances
of
France
,
and
England
,
by
the
trafique
of
the
Indies
,
by
the
picoryes
,
or
spoiles
which
they
had
made
upon
Spain
,
and
the
obedient
Provinces
,
with
which
they
offered
to
make
an
agreement
,
and
allyance
,
by
excluding
the
King
,
and
his
heirs
,
but
by
no
means
,
with
his
Majesty
;
whereto
the
other
could
not
listen
,
as
to
a
thing
impossible
and
shamefull
,
and
which
checked
the
oath
of
fidelity
,
which
they
had
taken
.
The
summons
,
which
the
Infanta
gave
them
of
her
arrivall
at
Brussels
,
moved
them
not
at
all
,
either
to
acknowledge
her
for
Lady
,
or
induce
them
to
peace
,
or
truce
.
In
fine
,
in
the
yeer
1607.
Great
storms
at
Ester
.
1607.
(
memorable
for
the
great
storms
,
which
happened
throughout
all
the
Low-Countries
towards
Easter
)
this
resistance
began
by
little
and
little
,
to
grow
warm
,
and
this
ice
to
thaw
.
For
they
opened
their
ears
,
to
the
charming
perswasions
of
that
worthy
Prelate
;
and
their
hearts
,
to
the
great
successes
of
Spinola
,
who
surpassed
,
or
equaled
all
his
Predecessors
,
in
military
science
.
So
that
the
reverent
father
Iohn
May
,
Provincial
of
the
order
of
the
Franciscan
Friers
,
was
a
worthy
instrument
,
of
this
holy
work
,
who
,
by
his
infatigable
care
,
and
most
painfull
journeys
,
sometimes
from
Brussels
to
the
Haghe
,
and
sometimes
from
thence
into
Spaine
by
Brussels
,
brought
the
two
parties
,
to
a
truce
of
seven
moneths
,
which
grew
afterwards
to
be
prolonged
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
The
defeat
of
the
Spanish
Armada
.
The
Design
upon
Sluce
failed
.
A
continuance
of
the
Treaty
.
Spinola
arrives
at
the
Hague
.
The
Treaty
again
broken
,
was
renewed
at
Antwerp
,
where
the
Truce
was
made
for
twelve
years
.
The
Flect
beaten
at
Gibelaltar
.
DUring
these
goings
and
comings
to
and
fro
,
Admiral
Heemskerk
went
to
attack
the
Spanish
Fleet
designed
for
the
Indies
,
which
he
defeated
in
the
Streights
of
Gibelaltar
,
to
the
great
amazement
of
the
Spaniards
,
to
see
that
people
which
they
had
so
often
beaten
,
and
so
often
despised
,
come
to
assault
them
even
in
Spain
it self
:
a
strange
quipp
of
Fortune
.
Times
have
their
turns
.
And
so
the
first
fruit
which
Spain
tasted
of
a
Cessation
of
Arms
,
was
the
calling
home
of
the
Ships
of
the
said
Common-wealth
,
which
much
incommodated
her
Costs
,
and
lay
as
snares
to
snap
the
Gallions
coming
from
the
Indies
,
with
some
whereof
they
very
often
met
;
slighting
the
danger
for
the
advantage
of
the
booty
.
The
enter
prise
upon
Sluce
failed
for
want
of
courage
.
But
before
we
sheathe
our
sword
,
and
hang
it
upon
the
naile
,
let
us
speak
a
word
of
that
memorable
Enterprise
upon
the
Town
of
Sluce
,
which
was
in
the
year
1606.
The
Spaniards
being
advertised
by
two
souldiers
of
the
State
of
the
Garrison
,
of
the
Gates
,
and
of
the
Wall
of
the
aforesaid
Town
,
sent
three
thousand
six
hundred
men
,
with
that
renowned
French
Gentleman
Du
Terrail
,
who
was
since
beheaded
at
Geneva
,
for
having
but
so
much
as
thought
of
an
Enterprise
upon
the
City
.
Now
this
valiant
Cavallier
had
promised
the
Arch-Duke
either
to
deliver
him
the
place
,
or
die
in
the
Attempt
.
And
so
he
marched
with
his
Troops
through
the
Drowned
Lands
,
without
being
discovered
;
approached
the
Town
,
set
three
[
](A55965-e40650-b)*
*
An
Engine
to
force
Gares
.
Petards
on
work
about
the
Gate
,
the
last
whereof
got
it
open
;
but
the
hearts
of
the
souldiers
grew
so
cold
,
that
they
durst
not
venter
in
.
Never
was
there
an
Enterprise
of
importance
more
easie
to
be
effected
,
without
either
danger
or
resistance
;
and
never
was
there
any
which
more
loosely
fayled
for
want
of
courage
,
and
good
command
:
so
that
it
proves
most
true
,
that
a
Coward
can
never
do
a
good
action
.
Du
Terrail
not
having
authority
enough
to
animate
these
Cowards
to
enter
the
Town
,
was
constrained
to
retyre
with
them
,
and
ask
leave
to
withdraw
himself
from
them
,
to
a
Nation
which
never
failed
in
any
occasion
for
want
of
courage
,
as
being
more
apt
to
offend
in
the
other
extreme
.
Besides
that
,
danger
urged
him
away
in
respect
of
the
execution
of
three
Captains
,
who
paid
the
score
dear
enough
for
all
the
rest
.
Thus
God
disposes
of
all
things
contrary
to
the
expectation
of
man
.
Let
us
now
come
back
to
the
begun
Treaty
.
The
arrivall
of
the
Arch-Dukes
Depaties
at
the
Hague
.
Spinola
,
Richardot
,
Mamicidor
,
Father
Iohn
Nay
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Deputies
arrived
at
the
Hague
,
and
were
received
there
with
many
complements
,
and
tieated
according
to
the
dignity
both
of
their
employments
,
and
their
persons
;
and
chiefly
at
the
Court
.
The
Prince
,
and
the
Lords
of
prime
quality
,
went
to
meet
them
at
Riswick
;
where
after
the
ceremonies
were
performed
,
the
Marquis
went
into
the
Princes
Coach
.
A
strange
Metamorphosis
;
to
see
the
two
chief
Captains
of
the
world
,
most
bitter
enemies
a
litle
before
,
court
one
another
now
with
true
respect
,
and
draw
the
eyes
of
the
people
to
admire
thew
.
Persons
of
honour
and
glory
may
be
hated
by
the
wicked
,
but
vertue
never
.
Now
,
because
it
is
not
my
design
,
nor
can
this
History
permit
me
to
particularize
all
along
,
upon
what
passed
in
this
illustrious
Assembly
;
I
will
content
my self
with
saying
,
that
the
demand
of
the
said
Embassadours
concerning
the
forbearance
of
Traffick
to
the
Great
[
](A55965-e40760-b)*
*
America
.
Indies
,
and
the
reduction
of
the
exercise
of
the
Roman
Catholick
Faith
,
had
almost
broaken
off
this
Treaty
.
In
effect
,
some
advices
from
other
parts
,
and
the
retardment
of
the
Provinciall
aforesaid
in
Spain
,
moved
the
States
to
sen
forth
a
Protestation
,
containing
their
finall
intention
:
And
the
Embassadours
of
the
Princes
who
were
Mediatours
between
them
,
counselled
the
States
,
to
hearken
at
least
to
a
Truce
,
since
there
was
yet
no
room
for
Peace
.
They
retire
.
But
they
,
sticking
fast
to
their
resolution
,
and
the
Embassadours
of
Spain
likewise
persisting
within
the
limits
of
their
Commissions
,
there
was
no
means
at
all
to
make
them
joyn
,
or
come
to
a
conclusive
Definition
.
And
so
in
fine
,
they
parted
from
the
Haghe
,
not
without
Protestations
on
both
sides
,
of
the
sincerity
of
their
intentions
for
the
good
issue
of
the
said
Treaty
;
each
casting
the
fault
upon
the
other
.
But
after
their
departure
,
the
States
were
advised
by
the
Kings
of
England
and
France
,
(
with
both
whom
they
had
made
a
most
streight
Allyauce
,
for
the
maintaining
of
the
Peace
,
in
case
it
were
concluded
)
to
renew
the
Treaty
of
a
Truce
:
And
to
this
effect
it
was
again
taken
into
deliberation
by
the
said
Embassadours
at
Antwerp
in
the
moneth
of
March
,
The
Treaty
renewed
at
Antwerp
.
whether
the
States
likewise
sent
their
Deputies
;
namely
,
Count
William
of
Naffaw
,
and
the
Lord
of
Brederode
,
the
●5
.
of
the
same
moneth
,
and
they
concluded
a
Truce
for
twelve
yeares
,
upon
the
ninth
of
April
1609
,
which
caused
great
rejoycing
every
where
,
as
well
amongst
the
Neighbours
,
as
the
Parties
themselves
concerned
;
Truce
made
.
and
the
Embassadours
were
regaled
,
and
honoured
with
great
presents
.
During
this
Treaty
,
many
libels
were
made
and
dispersed
;
some
with
reasons
,
to
countermine
this
sweet
Peace
;
and
others
to
advance
it
.
Birds
of
mischief
seck
the
dark
and
like
Owlas
,
blame
the
light
as
hurtfull
,
and
discovering
their
actions
:
And
so
their
fluttering
was
despised
.
And
here
we
see
the
end
of
this
war
for
a
while
,
which
sprung
up
at
the
beginning
of
the
reign
of
King
Philip
the
second
,
and
that
upon
divers
pretexts
;
as
namely
,
that
of
liberty
of
conscience
,
and
priviledges
;
and
under
various
Governours
,
of
different
humours
;
fomented
by
ambition
,
Religion
,
and
diffidence
,
under
the
Princess
of
Parma
,
the
Duke
of
Alva
,
Don
Lewis
,
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
,
on
the
one
side
,
and
Prince
William
,
and
the
States-Generall
,
on
the
other
,
the
latter
whereof
made
a
strong
union
amongst
themselves
at
Vtrick
,
the
Articles
of
which
(
namely
,
for
the
free
exercise
of
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
)
have
been
much
altered
.
They
formed
their
Common-Wealth
under
the
Arch-Duke
Matthias
,
and
the
Duke
of
Alanson
:
under
the
Prince
of
Parma
,
they
begged
the
assistance
of
the
King
of
France
,
and
the
Queen
of
England
:
They
continued
the
Warre
with
much
success
against
Count
Mansfeld
,
and
Cardinall
Andrew
:
They
repaired
what
was
amiss
in
their
Republick
,
by
the
factions
which
arose
under
the
Earl
of
Leicester
:
They
valiantly
defended
themselves
against
the
Arch-Duke
Albert
,
and
the
Brave
Spinola
,
even
till
the
very
publication
of
the
Truce
.
We
will
now
stay
awhile
,
and
repose
our selves
in
the
rest
of
the
Low-countries
;
which
we
so
much
desired
,
as
being
the
part
where
the
War
was
so
long
time
carried
on
with
so
much
expense
,
and
no
lesse
industry
,
then
good
discipline
;
though
it
were
often
disturbed
,
by
the
frequent
mutinies
of
the
Spaniards
,
for
want
of
pay
,
from
whence
the
Confederares
knew
how
to
draw
most
considerable
advantages
.
CHAP.
IX
The
State
of
France
.
The
King
goes
to
Sedan
.
Troubles
in
Austria
,
and
Bohemia
.
A
Conjuration
discovered
in
Spain
;
and
the
Mores
banished
thence
.
THe
hast
we
had
,
to
see
an
interruption
of
the
misfortunes
,
wherewith
the
Belgick
[
](A55965-e41270-b)*
*
The
Low-countries
.
Lion
had
been
tormented
above
fifty
years
together
,
and
his
roaring
heard
throughout
the
whole
Universe
,
to
the
astonishment
of
all
the
greatest
States
of
the
world
;
made
us
slight
the
reasons
of
them
,
who
,
partly
out
of
hatred
to
the
House
of
Austria
,
and
partly
for
the
Roman
Catholick
Faith
(
the
utter
abolition
whereof
they
passionately
desired
)
endeavoured
to
hinder
the
Truce
.
We
will
therefore
turn
back
a
little
towards
France
,
which
flourished
now
,
as
if
there
had
never
been
any
warres
at
all
.
Courtesie
,
the
essential
vertue
of
that
Nation
,
together
with
the
Beauty
,
Bounty
,
and
Fertility
of
this
kingdome
,
founded
upon
most
excellent
Lawes
,
fine
Sciences
,
and
laudable
Exercises
,
attracted
the
Nobility
of
all
Europe
thither
,
as
to
a
School
of
vertue
and
glory
.
In
effect
,
there
was
no
remarkable
Commotion
,
able
to
give
any
apprehension
or
disturbance
to
the
Publick
Rest
:
For
the
Warre
of
Savoy
,
and
the
conspiracy
of
the
Marshall
Biron
,
were
almost
as
foon
smoothered
,
as
known
.
It
was
a
kind
of
Terrestrial
Paradise
,
where
they
who
were
enemies
about
the
difference
of
Doctrines
,
lived
in
friendship
,
by
the
authority
of
their
Master
,
who
maintained
peace
both
abroad
,
The
death
of
Charles
Duke
of
Lorraine
.
and
at
home
.
Charles
Duke
of
Lorraine
,
a
Prince
loaden
with
age
,
adorned
with
singular
vertue
and
piety
,
lest
his
Sonne
Henry
his
Heyre
,
to
retire
himself
to
the
Coelestiall
lerusalem
,
in
the
yeare
1608.
The
King
of
France
goes
to
Sedan
with
an
Army
.
In
brief
,
the
fruits
of
Peace
were
most
delicious
,
when
the
King
suddenly
raised
a
great
Army
,
and
conducted
it
to
Sedan
,
For
there
were
some
misunderstandings
between
him
,
and
the
Duke
of
Boüillon
,
which
were
taken
away
,
by
the
intercession
of
the
forrain
Embassadours
.
However
,
this
Cavalcada
gave
no
small
jealousie
to
the
Spaniards
,
who
found
themselves
obliged
thereby
to
put
strong
Garrisons
through
all
the
country
of
Luxemburgh
;
and
the
Confederates
reaped
great
profit
from
it
.
For
it
made
men
believe
,
that
it
was
but
a
fiction
,
or
rather
a
prelude
of
that
huge
preparation
,
which
we
shall
shortly
relate
.
However
,
much
talke
there
was
of
it
,
and
great
indagation
into
the
reasons
thereof
,
by
men
of
curiosity
.
The
Duke
of
Boüillon
,
feeling
the
pulse
of
the
Protestant
Princes
,
his
neighbours
,
judged
it
not
necessary
to
draw
blood
yet
:
and
that
which
was
differred
,
shall
be
found
in
sit
time
.
LEWIS
THE
XIIII
KING
OF
FRANCE
AND
NAVARR
Now
these
divisions
between
Brothers
,
and
Cousin-Germans
of
the
same
House
,
were
taken
(
by
such
as
meddle
not
a
little
to
pick
out
the
actions
thereof
)
but
for
artifices
,
or
tricks
;
and
men
said
,
it
was
the
only
right
way
to
preserve
Hungary
,
Moravia
,
Bohemia
,
and
other
Provinces
depending
upon
the
said
kingdome
,
from
falling
into
the
hazard
of
a
new
Election
:
A
conjecture
,
grounded
upon
probabilities
of
consideration
enough
.
Spain
in
the
mean
while
,
looked
not
only
upon
the
troubles
of
the
Low-countries
,
and
means
to
bring
them
to
an
end
;
but
she
had
likewise
a
particular
care
,
to
steer
her
Indian
Fleets
into
a
good
Port
:
For
,
as
for
the
rest
,
there
had
in
some
years
passed
nothing
,
which
could
disturb
the
tranquility
of
that
kingdom
.
But
in
the
year
1609.
there
was
discovered
a
Conjuration
,
which
,
had
it
taken
effect
,
would
have
involved
it
in
a
totall
ruin
,
supplanted
Christian
Religion
,
and
reduced
the
King
to
fly
for
Sanctuary
elsewhere
.
But
the
greatest
storms
are
those
,
which
often
do
least
hurt
,
and
are
diverted
by
slight
causes
:
Yea
,
a
gentle
rain
often
allayes
the
most
furious
windes
.
The
Mores
implored
the
assistance
of
the
Grand
Signior
,
The
Conjuration
of
the
Mores
discovered
in
Spain
.
and
other
Mahometan
Princes
,
the
Doctrine
of
whom
they
followed
in
effect
,
though
in
apparence
Christians
:
and
they
had
also
for
a
long
time
been
heaping
up
Arms
,
and
with
the
slight
succour
of
twenty
thousand
men
,
(
they
being
already
at
the
least
a
hundred
thousand
in
Spain
combatants
)
they
promised
themselves
to
bring
all
Spain
under
their
subjection
.
But
being
detected
,
They
are
banished
into
Africa
.
&
the
King
of
France
having
refused
them
his
ayde
,
they
were
all
embarked
in
the
kingdom
of
Valencia
,
and
transported
into
Barbary
,
by
the
Kings
command
.
Now
this
expulsion
of
them
,
together
with
so
many
Colonies
,
as
the
Spaniards
have
in
the
Indies
,
and
an
infinite
number
of
other
Islands
,
hath
much
dispeopled
the
Continent
of
Spain
,
and
greatly
retarded
the
progresse
,
The
cause
of
dispeopling
Spain
.
which
this
Warlike
Nation
might
otherwise
(
peradventure
)
have
made
upon
her
enemies
.
And
this
was
very
well
foreseen
by
a
certain
Spanish
Don
,
who
told
King
Philip
the
second
,
that
the
transportation
of
the
Natives
,
would
one
day
be
the
ruine
of
Spain
.
But
before
we
passe
any
further
,
let
us
speak
a
word
of
this
kingdom
,
the
power
whereof
is
so
great
,
that
it
gives
jealousie
to
all
the
States
of
the
Universe
.
CHAP.
X
A
brief
discription
,
of
the
Kingdoms
of
Spain
and
France
.
SPaine
is
separated
from
France
,
by
the
Pirenaan
hills
;
and
from
Affrica
,
by
the
Levant
,
or
Eastern
Sea
,
which
communicates
it self
,
with
the
Ocean
,
by
that
considerable
passage
,
called
the
streights
of
Gibelatrar
.
The
Romans
made
two
Provinces
of
Spaine
;
and
in
those
two
desperate
sieges
of
Segungum
,
and
Numantia
,
as
well
they
,
as
the
Affricans
,
tryed
the
constancy
,
and
courage
of
the
Spaniards
;
from
whom
they
received
great
services
,
in
their
armies
.
So
that
it
is
not
now
onely
that
they
are
valiant
souldiers
.
The
Goths
enter
into
Spaine
168.
The
Goths
,
Sweves
,
and
Vandals
,
after
they
had
ransacked
the
Empire
,
made
choice
of
Spaine
,
for
the
seat
of
their
domination
,
as
being
very
proper
,
to
command
both
Europe
,
and
Affrica
.
They
entered
about
the
yeer
168.
and
remained
in
possession
thereof
,
more
then
four
hundred
,
that
is
,
till
Rodrigues
,
with
almost
all
his
nobility
,
was
defeated
by
the
Saracons
,
who
were
brought
in
by
a
certain
Earl
,
in
revenge
of
the
honour
of
his
daughter
,
whom
the
King
had
ravished
.
Vengeance
is
against
Christian
Religion
,
and
yet
this
young
Lady
made
her
own
native
Country
a
prey
to
the
Barbarians
.
They
maintained
themselves
there
,
above
seven
hundred
yeers
,
as
well
against
the
French
,
as
the
Spaniards
themselves
,
who
endeavoured
to
expell
them
.
In
precedent
ages
,
there
were
numbered
about
twelve
Crowns
,
or
Kingdoms
,
which
were
all
reduced
to
one
,
by
Ferdinand
,
and
Isabell
,
in
the
yeer
1474.
except
that
of
Portugal
which
being
subjugated
by
Philip
the
second
,
both
by
armes
,
and
right
of
succession
,
hath
been
peacefully
possessed
,
by
him
and
his
heirs
,
till
the
yeer
1640.
when
the
Portugezes
withdrew
themselves
from
obedience
to
Philip
the
fourth
,
and
chose
for
their
King
,
the
Duke
of
Braga●sa
,
under
the
name
of
John
the
jourth
.
It
was
in
the
reign
of
the
aforesaid
Ferdinand
,
The
Indies
found
our
under
Ferdinand
of
Castill
.
that
the
Indies
,
and
many
other
Islands
were
found
out
,
the
riches
whereof
hath
much
augmented
the
potency
of
Spaine
,
and
made
her
aspire
(
as
her
enemies
say
)
to
the
Monarchie
of
the
whole
world
.
Philip
the
iv
King
of
Spaine
.
Now
,
besides
tho
reasons
aforementioned
,
why
there
are
so
few
inhabitants
in
a
Country
of
large
extent
,
there
is
yet
another
,
which
is
this
.
Ferdinand
and
Isabell
,
having
finished
the
Warr
with
the
Moors
,
resolved
to
expell
the
Jews
also
,
out
of
the
territories
under
their
obedience
;
who
transported
themselves
into
Affrion
,
Italy
,
the
Levant
,
and
Portugal
,
The
Jewes
vanished
out
of
Spaine
,
and
Portugall
.
,
from
whence
they
were
likewise
chased
some
yeers
after
.
And
besides
,
the
women
are
sterill
enough
;
especially
towards
the
south
;
and
again
,
the
warrs
,
which
their
Kings
have
so
long
had
,
in
Germany
,
Italy
,
France
,
and
the
Low-Countries
,
not
forgetting
the
infinity
of
Garrisons
,
which
they
are
obliged
to
keep
,
to
containe
their
people
in
their
duty
)
have
so
much
exhausted
Spaine
,
that
the
King
hath
given
great
freedoms
,
and
immunities
to
such
as
have
five
or
six
male
Children
:
Yea
moreover
,
strangers
are
invited
to
come
and
dwell
there
,
under
profitable
conditions
,
provided
still
,
that
they
be
Romane
Catholicks
;
for
the
Inquisition
suffers
no
other
Religion
then
that
.
Now
,
this
Inquisition
,
so
much
cried
down
,
and
reviled
by
other
Nations
,
was
instituted
at
the
first
,
for
the
rooting
out
of
the
Mahometisme
,
The
Inquisition
.
and
Jud●●sme
,
though
it
now
extend
it self
,
upon
all
such
,
as
give
but
the
least
suspicion
,
of
not
adhering
totally
,
to
the
definition
of
the
Church
of
Rome
.
If
the
said
Kingdom
were
as
well
peopled
as
France
,
the
King
would
have
made
farre
greater
conquests
then
he
hath
,
and
would
not
have
been
forced
,
to
expose
his
money
,
and
his
armies
,
to
the
infidelity
of
some
strangers
.
In
fine
,
the
King
of
Spaine
hath
so
many
Kingdoms
,
so
many
Provinces
,
and
so
many
Islands
,
in
all
parts
of
the
Universe
,
that
it
was
with
good
reason
,
that
a
certaine
great
person
,
in
the
yeer
1624
,
refuted
Sleidan
,
concerning
the
four
Monarchies
,
in
these
tearms
.
Philip
the
fourth
,
who
now
reigns
(
saith
he
)
upon
whose
lands
the
sunne
never
sets
,
is
more
potent
,
then
was
any
one
of
those
Monarchs
for
the
continuance
of
neer
four
score
yeers
together
.
This
nation
walks
slowly
to
conquest
,
but
she
keeps
well
what
she
hath
gotten
:
She
is
tardy
to
resolve
,
but
she
stoutly
pursues
what
is
resolved
;
She
is
not
frighted
at
the
encounter
of
any
difficulties
,
and
accomplishes
her
ends
,
for
the
most
part
,
by
pertinacy
,
and
obstinacy
.
She
foresees
afar
off
,
and
never
looses
,
either
patience
,
or
hope
;
howbeit
,
that
length
of
expectation
,
makes
her
often
loose
good
occasions
.
She
doth
marvels
,
under
an
Italian
Generall
;
which
was
observable
,
in
the
Prince
of
Parma
,
Marquis
Spi●ola
,
and
others
.
The
Spaniards
constant
and
haughty
.
This
proud
Nation
better
understands
the
art
of
governing
,
then
all
other
;
and
she
hath
in
her
,
some
witts
so
subtle
and
acute
,
that
her
very
enemies
themselves
,
who
hate
her
,
are
fain
to
praise
her
.
And
now
,
let
us
come
back
againe
,
over
the
hills
,
to
take
notice
,
of
the
complexion
,
of
that
brisk
Nation
her
rivall
,
which
hath
often
stopped
her
victories
,
in
the
heigth
of
their
course
,
both
in
the
Low-Conntries
,
Germany
,
and
Italy
.
France
most
populous
.
France
is
a
most
large
,
most
rich
,
and
most
populous
Kingdome
,
divided
from
Italy
,
by
Savoy
and
the
Alps
;
from
High-Germany
by
Lorraine
;
from
England
by
the
Sea
;
and
from
Low-Germany
by
Luxemburgh
,
Hennanlt
,
Artoise
,
and
French-Flanders
.
The
Romans
who
subjugated
the
Gawles
,
and
distributed
them
into
Belgick
,
C●ltick
,
and
Aquitanick
,
were
beaten
out
(
by
the
opinion
of
some
Authors
)
by
Clo●●●s
,
the
first
Christian
King
,
about
the
year
500.
The
Francks
passed
the
Rhein
under
Pharamond
the
first
King
.
Clodion
went
not
beyond
Cambray
,
and
was
forced
to
return
by
Stilicon
.
Aetins
cut
off
his
Army
,
made
him
repass
the
Rhein
,
und
hurried
him
back
in
Francony-Mero●e
laying
hold
of
the
advantage
of
the
confusions
of
the
Empyre
,
took
Trevers
,
passed
into
Campagne
,
from
thence
to
Paris
,
and
then
to
Orleans
;
and
so
then
,
and
there
began
to
establish
the
French
Monarchy
;
giving
to
Gawl
which
he
had
conquered
,
Gawl
takes
the
name
of
France
.
the
name
of
France
.
This
kingdom
by
succession
of
time
,
hath
been
been
very
much
augmented
,
and
hath
soon
raised
to
the
Throne
Royall
,
two
and
twenty
Kings
,
of
the
first
Family
,
Bre●●
o●●
.
and
thirteen
of
the
second
;
the
first
whereof
was
Pepin
,
Father-in-Law
to
Charlemagne
.
Hugh
Capet
,
the
first
King
of
the
third
Family
,
by
the
exclusion
of
Charlos
Duke
of
Lorraine
,
through
force
of
Arms
,
and
the
favour
of
some
of
the
Grandies
,
got
the
Government
of
the
French
Monarchy
,
about
the
year
of
our
salvation
,
993.
Lewis
the
fourteenth
,
who
reigns
at
present
,
is
the
thirtieth
of
that
Family
.
This
kingdom
is
composed
of
four
and
twenty
Provinces
,
wherein
there
are
fifteen
Arch-Bishoppricks
,
ninty
seven
Bishoppricks
,
ten
Parliaments
,
fourteen
Vniversities
,
and
four
Orders
of
Knighth●od
;
that
of
the
Starre
was
eclipsed
under
Charles
the
fist
:
that
of
St.
Michael
,
now
little
valued
;
and
the
third
,
and
that
which
hath
most
luster
,
is
of
the
Holy
Ghost
,
instituted
by
Henry
the
third
:
The
fourth
is
not
much
pursued
.
In
ancient
times
,
there
were
but
twelve
Pe●rs
of
France
;
six
Ecclesiasticall
,
and
six
Secular
,
and
they
were
,
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Rhenns
,
the
Bishops
of
L●ton
,
Langres
,
Chalons
,
Noyon
,
and
Beau●ais
:
The
Dukes
of
Burgundy
,
of
Normandy
,
of
Guienne
,
and
the
Earles
of
Flanders
,
tholose
,
and
Champagne
.
But
the
number
of
Dukes
and
Peers
,
is
now
very
very
much
encreased
,
as
also
that
of
Marshals
and
the
Rights
of
both
,
very
much
diminished
.
The
French
inclined
to
ams
.
The
French
areso
naturally
inclined
to
Arms
,
that
the
Proverb
sayes
,
they
are
born
Souldiers
,
nor
can
they
indeed
stay
long
at
rest
;
for
if
they
have
no
warre
with
their
Neighbours
,
they
quickly
make
it
amongst
themselves
,
by
the
ambition
of
some
Lords
or
other
,
as
also
by
the
Martial
humour
wherewith
they
are
tormented
.
Points
of
honour
make
them
runne
into
the
Field
,
as
to
a
Feast
;
in
such
sort
,
as
that
the
greatest
part
of
the
Nobility
unhappily
falls
in
Duels
.
They
are
very
impatient
,
and
enemies
to
the
Spaniards
,
by
maxime
of
State
;
whom
,
by
all
means
possible
they
oppose
,
to
the
end
that
they
may
not
arrive
,
to
the
Vniversal
Monarchy
;
or
else
,
that
,
under
this
pretext
,
they
may
atchieve
it
themselves
.
They
go
like
Thunderbolts
,
to
Combats
,
and
Conquests
,
and
reverse
whatsoever
oppugnes
them
;
but
,
as
soon
as
this
heat
growes
to
be
a
little
cooled
,
they
turn
their
backs
,
and
suddenly
loose
what
they
had
gained
with
so
much
reputation
.
It
is
no
lesse
laudable
to
keep
,
thou
to
get
,
which
the
Spaniards
know
very
well
.
Prosperity
easily
makes
them
slight
their
enemies
,
and
jeer
their
Allies
,
to
whom
they
render
themselves
suspected
,
by
the
vanity
of
their
tongues
;
in
such
sort
,
as
this
kind
of
levity
does
them
much
harm
.
The
French
are
more
then
men
(
sayes
the
Proverb
)
at
the
beginning
of
a
Fight
,
and
lesse
then
women
,
towards
the
end
.
But
,
they
have
given
a
contrary
account
of
themselves
in
many
Battails
in
Italy
,
and
the
Low-countries
;
where
,
after
they
been
repulsed
or
routed
,
they
have
rallyed
,
and
carried
away
many
glorious
victories
,
as
we
shall
hereafter
see
.
Besides
,
it
must
be
confessed
,
that
the
French
Cavalry
is
the
stoutest
,
and
best
of
the
whole
world
.
There
is
also
a
saying
,
that
the
French
are
wise
after
the
businesse
,
and
the
Spaniards
before
it
.
In
effect
,
they
are
rash
;
yea
,
and
they
have
very
often
wonne
Battails
,
by
this
very
Passion
.
Their
generosity
is
remarkable
,
in
regard
they
grudge
not
to
give
praise
to
the
vertue
even
of
their
enemies
,
when
they
deserve
it
:
They
are
of
so
gentile
an
humour
,
that
they
make
themselves
admired
by
strangers
:
but
they
agree
so
ill
,
out
of
their
Country
,
by
occasion
of
petty
envies
,
and
shamefull
detractions
,
that
they
are
generally
blamed
every
where
for
it
,
and
make
themselves
disesteemed
by
it
,
The
Clergy
,
the
Gentry
,
and
the
People
,
are
the
three
States
,
Three
States
.
upon
which
the
Monarchy
rests
;
the
Priviledges
,
and
Liberties
whereof
,
if
well
maintained
,
would
make
it
the
most
flourishing
in
the
World
.
But
let
us
now
see
,
what
passed
there
,
during
the
Peace
;
for
it
is
not
our
scope
,
to
make
a
most
ample
relation
of
the
particulars
of
every
kingdom
.
CHAP.
XI
The
King
of
France
arms
.
The
Spaniards
do
the
same
.
All
is
full
of
joy
,
and
fear
.
The
King
killed
.
his
Educacion
.
Croupir
.
KIng
Henry
having
too
generous
a
heart
,
to
be
longidle
,
was
meditating
Warre
,
even
during
the
Peace
:
For
which
effect
,
he
had
alwayes
a
special
care
,
by
the
admirable
oeconomy
,
or
stewardship
of
the
Duke
S●illy
,
to
Preparation
of
war
in
France
.
to
mannage
and
husband
his
Finances
,
or
Exehequer
,
and
accumulate
great
treasures
.
On
the
other
side
,
he
saw
a
brisk
Nobility
,
which
longed
for
nothing
more
,
then
the
occasions
to
express
their
Martial
courage
,
under
the
conduct
of
so
great
and
valorous
a
Captain
.
He
therefore
resolves
to
raise
an
Army
,
for
the
execution
of
some
huge
Designe
,
which
he
kept
private
to
himself
,
to
give
exercise
to
his
warlike
People
.
The
pretext
was
,
the
Warre
of
the
Princes
,
Heyres
to
the
Dukedom
of
Gulick
,
Cleveland
,
and
Bergues
.
But
,
because
the
truth
,
of
the
principall
motives
of
this
arming
of
his
,
Vnder
pretex
of
the
war
of
Juliers
,
or
Julick
.
could
never
yet
be
known
,
we
will
only
note
such
conjectures
thereof
,
as
are
grounded
upon
very
receivable
probabilities
.
He
would
not
so
easily
have
pardoned
the
Heads
of
the
Leagus
,
for
the
mothereing
of
the
Civill
Warres
,
had
it
not
been
,
to
revenge
himself
one
day
,
upon
the
Spaniards
,
who
had
so
powerfully
traversed
,
or
thwarted
his
lawfull
succession
the
Crown
.
He
saw
himself
cherished
by
his
subjects
,
feared
by
his
enemies
,
loved
by
all
his
Allyes
,
and
chiefly
by
the
States
Genera●●
of
Holland
.
Moreover
,
the
interest
of
the
Crown
seemed
to
invite
him
,
to
reduce
under
his
States
,
all
such
Provinces
as
speak
French
,
and
consequently
,
the
greatest
part
of
all
the
Low-countries
,
which
had
formerly
been
of
the
Demaynes
of
France
;
as
namely
,
the
Counties
of
Flanders
,
and
Artoise
,
the
Dutchy
of
Luxemburgh
,
and
many
other
,
which
would
not
have
been
able
to
esape
his
ambition
.
The
flight
of
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
caused
this
speedy
Arming
;
and
the
honourable
,
and
Christian
protection
,
which
he
found
in
the
States
,
as
well
of
the
King
of
Spain
,
as
in
those
of
the
Arch-Duke
in
the
Low-countries
,
seemed
likewise
,
to
give
some
colour
of
justice
,
to
the
most
Christian
King
,
irritated
against
a
Prince
of
his
own
blood
.
This
Prince
,
when
he
was
two
and
twenty
years
old
,
married
Margaret
,
Daughter
to
he
Constable
Montmorency
,
a
most
beautiful
,
and
vertuous
Princess
,
whom
he
veretly
carried
to
Brussels
,
so
to
quench
the
fire
,
which
her
Charms
had
kindled
in
the
heart
of
the
King
.
But
Love
holding
the
Empyre
,
over
the
Reason
of
this
generous
Alexander
,
commanded
him
to
recover
by
force
,
that
which
vertue
so
justly
denied
him
.
In
so
much
,
as
that
,
for
this
chast
Helen
of
France
,
all
Europe
was
like
to
be
cast
into
most
dangerous
troubles
.
Now
the
Princes
of
Germany
weary
of
seeing
the
Empyre
,
so
long
in
the
possession
of
the
House
of
Anstria
;
as
also
of
the
prolix
rest
they
had
enjoyed
,
together
with
the
encrease
of
their
Treasuries
;
would
not
have
been
offended
to
see
the
Imperial
Crown
,
upon
the
Head
of
King
Henry
:
And
he
,
seeing
the
disorder
which
happened
in
that
Family
,
and
strengthened
by
the
friendship
of
some
Catholick
Princes
,
Paxadge
demanded
of
them
of
Colem
.
as
well
as
most
assured
,
of
that
of
the
Protestants
;
leaned
visibly
that
way
.
The
Magistrates
of
Colein
,
being
intreated
by
his
Deputies
,
to
grant
Provisions
for
mony
,
and
passage
for
his
Army
,
were
fain
to
avow
,
that
it
would
be
temerity
to
opposeso
great
a
King
,
who
had
been
alwayes
victorious
;
Besides
the
noises
which
some
scattered
up
and
down
,
that
he
would
allow
and
maintain
three
Religions
;
to
wit
,
the
Roman
,
the
Lutheran
,
and
the
Reformed
.
In
brief
,
his
Designe
seemed
to
be
,
to
extend
the
bounds
of
the
French
Monarchy
,
at
the
cost
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
and
some
neighbour-Princes
.
In
the
mean
time
,
the
King
Don
Philip
stood
not
with
his
arms
a
cross
,
at
the
newes
of
this
terrible
Preparative
,
The
Arch-Duke
puts
an
Army
on
foot
.
which
rejoyced
all
such
as
were
enemies
to
his
States
.
The
Arch-Duke
Albert
contracts
all
his
old
forces
,
raises
new
,
and
sends
a
strong
Army
towards
the
Consines
of
France
,
under
the
command
of
Spinola
,
who
intrenched
himselfe
near
Gambray
.
In
fine
,
men
talk
of
nothing
but
Armes
and
Horses
,
in
the
Countries
of
both
Crownes
;
and
the
Pope
sends
his
Nuncio
to
divert
the
King
from
his
Designe
;
but
he
was
dispatched
to
Monzon
.
Amazement
every
where
.
Now
all
Europe
stood
amazed
,
and
the
Princes
of
Italy
,
seeing
the
Duke
of
Savoy
in
allyance
with
Henry
,
by
meanes
of
the
marriage
of
his
Sonne
,
with
the
Daughter
of
France
;
begin
to
think
of
their
preservation
.
The
King
,
in
the
interim
,
confirms
his
Intelligences
;
gives
the
Rendezvous
of
his
Troops
in
Campagne
;
and
after
having
extraordinarily
courted
the
Embassadours
of
the
United
Provinces
,
conjures
them
,
to
to
send
Prince
Maurice
with
some
Troops
to
attend
his
coming
,
at
the
fronteer
of
Cleveland
.
The
Protestant
Princes
could
hardly
dissemble
their
joy
:
The
joy
of
the
Protestants
and
fear
of
the
Cathol●●ks
.
and
the
Cartholick
strangers
their
fear
,
at
the
approach
of
so
formidable
an
Army
,
Infine
,
both
friends
and
enemies
,
were
ballancing
or
staggering
,
in
apprehension
,
joy
,
and
uncertainty
;
and
every
one
in
pain
,
to
know
what
he
was
either
to
hope
,
or
fear
.
It
came
so
farre
,
as
to
be
published
,
that
the
King
was
to
march
with
an
Army
of
forty
thousand
men
,
and
leave
as
many
to
guard
the
kingdome
,
whereof
he
declared
the
Queen
Regent
,
after
her
Coronation
,
But
he
was
treacherously
murthered
,
in
his
Coach
,
the
fourteenth
of
May
,
1610
,
and
this
fatall
blow
put
all
France
in
mourning
,
his
Corps
into
the
Tomb
,
and
his
great
Designes
into
Smoak
,
Above
all
this
misfortune
was
impatiently
taken
by
them
of
the
Religion
,
as
also
by
the
greatest
part
of
his
Allyes
,
amongst
whom
his
Arms
had
not
as
yet
moved
the
least
jealousie
.
The
most
generall
opinion
was
,
that
after
having
established
the
Princes
in
the
possession
of
the
Dutchyes
of
Galick
and
Cleveland
;
he
was
to
go
for
Germany
.
And
indeed
,
the
House
of
Austria
had
reason
to
keep
her selfe
upon
her
guard
,
as
well
knowing
how
much
this
Prince
was
affected
to
her
opposers
.
His
death
gave
matter
enough
every
where
,
for
men
to
inform
themselves
,
of
who
might
be
the
Authour
;
and
the
Jesuits
were
not
forgotten
to
be
called
in
question
by
the
Protestants
,
however
Ravillia●
never
confessed
any
such
thing
.
This
King
was
brought
up
in
labour
and
toyle
,
and
noursed
in
the
the
Civil
Warres
.
His
first
wife
was
Margaret
of
Valois
,
His
Life
.
whom
when
he
was
come
to
the
Crown
,
he
repudiated
.
He
had
been
Head
of
the
Hugenots
,
and
wonne
many
Battails
,
against
them
of
the
League
.
When
he
was
become
Catholick
,
and
after
the
reconciliation
of
the
Dukes
of
Mayanne
,
and
Mercoenr
,
all
stooped
,
and
layd
down
their
arms
.
He
had
a
quick
wit
,
brave
thoughts
and
excessive
high
points
of
judgement
;
had
in
fine
such
eminent
qualities
,
as
would
have
ranged
him
in
the
number
of
the
greatest
Kings
,
that
ever
wore
a
Crown
,
had
ho
not
been
too
passionately
inclined
to
handsom
women
;
a
vicious
habit
,
which
is
familiar
to
Princes
.
He
alwayes
loved
the
United
Provinces
of
the
Low-Conntr●es
,
and
assisted
them
with
men
,
money
,
and
counsell
,
notwithstanding
the
complaints
of
the
Arch-Dukes
.
He
was
the
Restorer
of
the
French
Monarchy
,
which
was
horribly
tottered
:
and
obtained
by
generall
consent
(
in
regard
of
his
heroick
actions
in
arms
)
the
surname
of
Great
.
He
was
beloved
,
feared
,
and
redoubted
;
and
amongst
all
his
Kingly
vertues
,
none
shined
more
brightly
then
his
Clemencie
.
Why
suspected
to
be
a
Hugenot
.
Many
were
in
doubts
of
his
Religion
;
for
the
G●genots
believed
him
of
theirs
,
and
some
others
also
besides
,
in
respect
of
the
favour
ge
shewed
to
the
Protestant
Party
:
and
for
that
it
was
imputed
to
him
,
to
have
said
,
that
the
Crowne
of
France
was
well
worth
a
Masse
.
It
is
onely
God
who
can
judge
of
the
Conscience
of
Soveraigns
;
and
therefore
men
must
be
silent
,
and
abey
.
However
it
were
,
he
much
loved
Conferences
,
and
Disputes
;
as
it
appeared
by
that
of
Cardinall
Peronn●
,
against
Du
Plessis
Mornay
.
The
Confederated
States
had
good
reason
to
love
him
,
in
regard
of
the
care
he
alwayes
took
to
conserve
them
;
though
their
seeing
him
expected
by
Prince
Maurice
,
with
the
forces
of
the
Low-countries
near
Wesel
,
and
a
Letter
written
by
him
to
the
Princesse
Dowager
of
Orange
,
intimating
,
that
he
would
come
and
visit
her
at
the
Hague
,
not
as
a
King
,
but
as
her
kinsman
,
thrust
a
flea
into
their
eare
.
The
said
Prince
of
Orange
,
above
all
,
impatiently
took
this
strange
and
unexpected
accident
.
But
indeed
,
his
death
freed
a
good
part
of
Europe
,
from
a
great
terrour
;
filled
the
other
,
with
sadnesse
,
and
amazement
;
gave
way
to
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
to
return
into
France
,
with
his
wife
;
and
so
the
Armies
to
retire
to
rest
till
another
season
,
and
another
conjuncture
,
which
afterwards
presented
it self
in
the
Warre
of
Gulick
.
CHAP.
XII
A
difference
happening
,
for
the
Dutchy
of
Gulick
.
Jealosic
between
the
Catholicks
,
and
Protestants
,
and
why
!
A
Tumult
at
Donawert
,
an
Imperiall
Towne
,
about
a
procession
.
Gulick
besieged
,
by
Prince
Maurice
,
and
the
French
yeelds
.
The
Princes
will
not
admit
the
Sequestration
.
WE
have
already
shewed
,
how
the
pretext
,
of
the
Arms
of
Hebry
the
Great
,
was
the
succour
promised
to
the
Princes
of
Brandeabourgh
,
and
Newbourgh
;
therefore
let
us
now
look
upon
the
justice
of
the
Competitors
,
since
the
quarrell
is
not
quite
consopited
yet
.
Sone
weeks
before
the
the
conclusion
of
the
Truce
,
Death
of
the
Duke
of
Gulick
.
deceased
John
Wolliam
,
Duke
of
Cleveland
,
and
Gulick
,
leaving
no
Children
by
the
Countesse
of
Baden
,
his
former
wife
;
no●
yet
by
the
sister
of
the
Count
of
Vandemon
,
his
later
.
Now
,
this
Princesse
,
passing
through
Colein
,
was
received
by
the
illustrious
Magistraces
,
and
Citizens
of
that
ancient
City
,
with
great
magnisicence
,
acclamations
,
and
wishes
of
fertility
in
this
match
;
and
all
this
for
their
interests
,
which
are
visible
enough
in
themselves
,
without
any
need
at
all
,
to
speak
thereof
.
Mary
Eleonor
,
her
eldest
sister
,
was
married
to
Albert
Frederick
,
Duke
of
Prussia
,
who
died
without
issue
male
,
and
left
four
daughters
behinde
him
.
Anne
,
who
was
the
eldest
,
was
given
to
John
Sigismund
Duke
of
Brandenbourgh
,
and
Elector
of
the
Empire
.
The
second
,
to
the
Old
Elector
.
The
third
,
to
the
Duke
of
Courland
.
The
fourth
,
to
Duke
John
George
of
Saxonie
,
brother
to
the
Elector
.
The
second
sister
of
the
said
Duke
,
called
Anne
,
in
the
year
1574.
married
Philip
Lewis
,
Duke
of
Newbourgh
,
in
which
marriage
she
brought
Wolsgang
William
,
who
kept
his
Court
at
Dusseldorp
,
and
died
in
the
moneth
of
April
,
in
this
year
of
1653.
The
third
,
who
was
Magdalen
,
was
made
wife
to
the
Duke
der
Deux-Ponts
.
And
Sibill
,
the
fourth
,
was
bestowed
upon
Charles
Duke
of
Austria
,
who
had
no
childe
.
Difference
for
s●●cession
.
Now
Duke
Iohn
William
,
dying
without
children
,
Iohn
Sigismund
Elector
of
Brandenbourgh
,
who
married
Anne
,
(
as
we
have
already
said
)
eldest
daughter
to
the
eldest
sister
,
of
the
said
last
Duke
,
presented
himself
to
be
received
by
the
States
of
the
said
Dutchy
,
wherein
he
was
opposed
,
by
the
Duke
of
Newbourgh
,
son
to
the
second
daughter
Magdalen
,
who
was
then
,
yet
living
.
The
Dukes
of
Brandenburgh
and
Newburgh
The
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
and
the
Duke
of
Neuers
,
declared
themselves
also
heirs
:
so
that
the
Emperour
Rodolph
,
summons
the
Parties
to
appear
before
him
:
endeavours
to
sequester
the
Dutchies
,
and
to
that
end
,
dispatches
the
Archduke
Leopold
,
N●wburgh
refuse
the
sequestration
,
and
demand
relief
from
France
.
Bishop
of
Straesbourgh
,
who
makes
himself
master
,
of
the
Town
,
and
Castle
of
Gulick
.
Whereupon
the
two
first
presumptive
Heirs
,
upon
some
articles
of
governing
the
Country
,
made
an
agreement
between
themselves
,
and
in
stead
of
addressing
themselves
to
Prague
,
before
the
Lord
of
the
Fief
(
who
is
the
Emperour
)
had
recourse
to
the
King
of
France
.
O!
How
great
is
the
strength
of
distrust
,
which
tyes
the
hands
of
justice
,
and
gets
authority
over
her
?
They
obtained
a
promise
of
strong
relief
.
The
other
Princes
,
both
Protestants
and
Catholicks
,
yea
,
even
the
Emperour
himself
,
sent
their
Embassadours
likewise
to
Paris
;
where
the
King
sounded
them
all
,
one
after
another
.
In
the
mean
time
,
they
take
Arms
,
make
Excursions
,
awaken
the
Neighbours
:
The
Germane
Protestants
receive
the
Alarm
,
Germany
takes
the
Alarm
.
and
assemble
themselves
at
Hal
:
and
the
Catholicks
,
on
the
other
side
,
at
Hirtsburg
,
there
to
provide
for
their
safety
,
propose
the
Election
of
a
new
King
of
the
Romanes
,
and
bring
the
said
Protestants
,
to
a
more
strict
observance
of
the
accord
of
Passavia
.
These
,
are
the
first
seeds
,
of
the
divisions
;
which
,
being
come
to
maturity
,
will
quickly
fill
all
Germany
,
with
horrible
disturbances
,
as
being
watered
by
strangers
,
(
for
fear
least
they
perish
)
with
moisture
,
or
humanity
drawn
out
of
the
essence
of
Religions
,
as
we
shall
briefly
shew
,
in
fit
place
.
The
businesse
of
Donawerds
,
Atumult
at
Donawerdt
,
which
is
proscribed
and
foreed
by
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
.
which
had
already
irritated
the
Protestants
,
passed
thus
.
Some
Religious
or
Conventuall
men
dwelling
in
the
towne
,
and
endeavouring
to
make
a
Procession
,
were
desired
by
the
Magistrates
to
desist
,
for
fear
of
some
tumult
.
But
they
answered
,
that
they
would
not
quit
their
Rights
,
which
depended
upon
the
Emperour
.
In
short
,
they
make
a
Procession
;
the
people
falls
upon
them
,
and
affronts
them
.
The
Emperour
informed
of
the
insolence
,
demands
an
exemplary
punishment
;
wherein
being
disobeyed
,
he
proscribes
the
Towne
,
and
gives
the
execution
thereof
to
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
who
by
a
siege
forced
it
to
submit
.
Now
this
proceeding
very
much
displeased
the
Protestants
;
and
principally
such
,
as
were
grieved
,
to
see
the
Empire
so
long
,
in
a
profound
Peace
.
But
the
enmity
was
not
yet
grown
so
strong
,
for
it
shortly
after
brake
out
,
to
the
ruine
of
all
this
great
Body
.
But
let
us
returne
to
the
Country
of
Gulick
.
The
Princes
excessively
afflicted
at
the
death
of
the
King
of
France
,
Gulick
besieged
and
taken
.
sollicited
Prnice
Maurice
,
to
besiege
Gulick
;
which
he
did
,
and
by
the
assistance
of
the
French
Army
,
under
the
conduct
of
Marshall
de
la
Castre
,
constrained
Leopold
,
to
render
the
said
place
into
the
hands
of
the
said
Princes
,
upon
an
honourable
composition
.
Now
it
is
to
be
observed
,
that
they
would
not
admit
of
a
sequestration
,
nor
the
decision
of
the
Emperour
,
to
whom
it
belongs
by
right
,
but
it
looks
as
if
they
all
endeavoured
,
to
weaken
the
Principall
head
of
Europ
.
And
so
,
the
Princes
were
reproached
,
for
having
ejected
the
Garrison
of
Gulick
,
with
forraine
forces
,
which
was
immediately
to
conremne
the
Imperiall
authority
;
and
that
they
had
thereby
,
given
cause
to
the
Emperour
,
to
arme
against
them
.
The
Duke
of
Saxonie
,
beares
also
the
title
of
Duke
of
Gulick
,
Cleveland
,
and
Montagues
,
and
draws
his
pretentions
from
Sibill
,
Aunt
to
John
William
,
and
Daughter
to
William
,
who
was
given
in
marriage
,
to
Iohn
Frederick
,
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
who
lost
the
Electorac
,
for
having
taken
arms
,
against
the
Emperour
Charles
.
He
was
admitted
by
the
two
Princes
,
to
govern
the
Country
till
the
definitive
decision
of
the
difference
.
It
seems
,
that
diffidence
and
suspicion
,
in
affairs
of
State
,
authorize
the
taking
up
of
Arms
,
without
any
other
forme
of
Iustice
,
and
that
it
is
no
more
lawfull
,
to
the
Lord
of
the
Fief
to
dispose
of
his
Right
.
CHAP.
XIII
A
tumult
in
Poland
,
and
why
?
They
arme
.
The
Swedes
and
Muscovites
,
serve
themselves
of
this
occasion
,
against
the
Poles
,
and
loose
Smolensko
.
Treason
discovered
in
England
.
The
troubles
appeased
at
Paris
.
Rodolph
dies
.
WE
left
the
King
of
Poland
very
busie
,
about
recovering
his
Kingdome
of
Sweden
,
and
the
expulsion
of
the
Swedes
,
our
of
Livonia
:
and
now
,
we
finde
him
as
busie
to
maintaine
himself
in
the
Elective
,
after
having
lost
the
Hereditary
.
Fortune
never
ceases
to
trouble
Vertue
,
and
one
disaster
comes
not
without
another
.
The
begining
of
the
troubles
,
was
by
a
little
blast
,
or
slash
,
which
kindled
a
fire
,
that
carried
it self
,
to
the
very
highest
loft
,
or
story
of
the
building
.
The
scholars
of
the
Jesuites
,
through
an
impious
zeale
,
Yu●●●nlss
in
Poland
.
rushed
one
day
upon
the
Church
,
of
the
Protestants
of
Posen
,
and
set
it
on
fire
.
Prince
Radzivil
,
and
some
other
Ranting
blades
of
the
Party
,
took
arms
,
for
the
defence
(
as
others
said
)
of
their
liberty
,
and
to
revenge
this
injury
,
under
the
vaile
of
Rakozians
.
Fortune
smiling
upon
them
at
first
,
and
they
puffed
up
with
a
small
victory
,
endeavoured
to
expell
the
King
,
and
choose
another
,
unlesse
he
would
subscribe
to
some
certaine
insupportable
articles
proposed
by
them
.
Ill
intentions
grow
to
be
discovered
,
by
good
successe
.
In
a
word
,
the
Warr
was
kindled
in
good
earnest
,
and
the
cloak
of
Religion
not
forgotten
.
The
Rakozians
being
beaten
make
Peace
.
The
Rebels
,
or
Rakozians
being
defeated
,
and
vanquished
,
returned
to
be
friends
,
and
good
subjects
.
But
some
space
after
,
the
wound
having
been
dressed
by
too
milde
a
Chirurgion
,
opened
and
gangroened
,
and
could
not
be
shut
up
,
without
strong
salves
,
and
fresh
bleedings
.
King
Charles
of
Sweden
,
having
crowned
himself
,
and
renewed
the
War
in
Livonie
,
made
use
of
this
intestine
sedition
:
Sigismund
made
a
brisk
opposition
,
as
well
to
him
,
as
to
the
Swedes
,
and
Muscovites
also
,
whose
Empire
was
then
full
of
factions
.
The
siege
of
Smolensko
.
He
besieged
Smolensko
,
and
after
two
years
siege
,
carried
it
.
This
was
a
second
Ostend
,
if
we
consider
the
length
of
the
siege
,
and
the
number
of
the
dead
,
which
,
if
those
authors
who
gave
us
the
description
thereof
,
be
worthy
of
credit
,
amounted
to
more
then
twenty
thousand
men
.
There
was
another
Polish
Army
,
imployed
,
to
force
the
head
City
called
Mosco
,
whilest
the
rest
of
the
Troops
got
huge
victories
,
and
took
the
Yown
of
Novogrode
,
and
the
great
Duke
Suiskie
,
together
with
his
two
Brothers
,
prisoners
.
The
the
great
Cham
of
Tartarie
,
astonished
at
so
many
high
Victories
,
offered
to
submit
himself
,
to
the
King
of
Poland
.
But
Sigismond
returned
,
and
the
confederated
Muscovites
,
to
be
payd
their
Arreares
,
followed
him
;
and
being
satisfied
,
they
were
a
further
meanes
to
get
yet
more
Victories
,
The
Muscovites
rejell
Uladislaus
.
upon
the
adverse
Party
.
In
fine
the
Muscovites
,
tyred
,
and
vexed
by
a
forraigne
Rule
,
rejecting
Vladeslaus
,
whom
they
had
formerly
chosen
,
elected
a
new
Emperour
,
and
endeavoured
to
compose
their
difference
with
Sigismund
,
but
in
vain
;
for
,
they
were
chased
away
from
before
Smolensko
,
and
payed
for
their
perfidie
.
Now
the
King
of
great
Britaine
,
being
the
spectatour
,
and
very
often
the
Arbitratour
,
of
the
Controversies
of
his
Neighbours
,
lived
in
peace
,
and
his
subjects
of
the
Romane
Catholik
Profession
,
were
reduced
to
some
discresse
,
upon
the
discovery
of
that
abominable
conspiracy
,
The
son
in
England
discovered
.
against
him
,
his
children
,
and
the
whole
Parliament
.
For
it
seemed
not
enough
to
extend
the
punishment
upon
the
guilty
,
who
received
it
according
to
their
m●rit
;
but
all
the
whole
body
of
them
also
,
mast
be
made
feel
it
.
It
was
then
,
that
the
doctrine
of
the
Iesuites
was
carped
,
and
reviled
,
and
their
Order
brought
into
horrour
,
through
the
whole
Island
;
as
it
was
in
France
,
upon
the
death
of
Henry
the
great
,
though
yet
they
could
not
be
convinced
,
of
having
any
hand
in
that
,
as
they
evidently
were
in
this
.
But
what
shall
we
say
of
the
English
Puritans
,
whom
King
Iames
himself
accused
,
of
having
attempted
to
stifle
him
,
in
his
Mothers
womb
?
I
know
,
there
are
also
some
,
who
make
the
Iesuites
the
cause
of
the
Tragicall
death
of
King
Charles
;
so
great
an
aversion
hath
the
contrary
party
,
from
this
Society
.
I
neither
accuse
,
nor
excuse
any
,
but
onely
make
a
plaine
,
and
simple
relation
,
of
what
is
passed
,
and
blame
the
rash
judgement
,
of
such
as
are
too
passionate
.
Whilest
other
Kings
were
in
extream
jealousie
of
their
interests
,
King
Iames
amuses
himself
with
playing
the
Philosopher
,
and
the
Divine
,
by
composing
books
of
controversies
against
Cardinall
Perronn
,
and
Monsieur
de
Coeffetean
,
Bishop
of
Marseilles
.
And
since
he
had
no
warr
with
any
body
else
,
he
raised
one
,
against
the
Puritans
,
and
the
Iesuites
;
as
making
declamations
against
them
both
,
and
their
Doctrine
;
which
he
said
,
was
most
pernicious
,
to
the
Potentates
of
Europe
.
Take
heed
,
my
son
,
(
sayes
he
,
in
his
Book
intitled
,
the
Roy
all
Present
)
of
these
Puritans
;
meer
Plagues
both
in
the
Church
and
state
;
a
race
not
to
be
obliged
by
any
benefit
,
nor
tied
by
any
Oath
,
or
promise
;
breathing
nothing
,
but
seditions
,
and
calumnies
.
And
a
little
lower
.
You
will
not
finde
,
amongst
any
High-way
Robbers
,
more
ingratitude
,
or
more
lyes
,
and
perjuries
,
then
amongst
these
Fanatick
Spirits
,
&c.
The
Duke
of
Savoy
demanded
his
Daughter
Elizabeth
,
for
his
eldest
Son
,
and
offered
him
his
for
the
Prince
of
Wales
:
but
in
regard
of
the
difference
of
Religions
,
it
was
honourably
refused
.
Fate
had
reserved
this
Princesse
for
Prince
Frederick
,
Palatine
of
the
Rheyn
,
who
arriving
in
England
,
Frederick
,
Prince
Palatine
marries
Elizabeth
Princesse
of
England
.
married
her
,
and
carried
her
to
the
Palatinat
,
through
Holland
,
where
they
were
received
,
and
regaled
all
along
their
passage
,
being
accompanied
by
Prince
Maurice
,
as
far
as
Colein
,
1614.
The
never
sufficiently
lamented
death
of
Henry
the
great
,
one
of
the
bravest
Princes
that
ever
wore
the
Crown
of
France
,
was
like
to
put
Paris
,
and
all
France
into
great
tumults
,
for
the
prevention
whereof
,
the
Queen-Mother
was
declared
Regent
of
the
Kingdome
,
and
Lewis
the
thirteenth
succeeded
him
,
at
the
age
of
nine
yeers
,
being
consecrated
at
Rheims
;
and
all
this
great
preparation
for
war
,
was
dissipated
,
either
because
the
Kings
design
was
not
known
;
or
else
,
to
say
better
,
because
it
could
not
be
executed
,
except
the
reserve
of
ten
thousand
men
,
who
were
sent
into
the
Dutchy
of
Gulick
,
under
the
command
of
Marshal
de
la
Cateres
,
as
we
have
lately
expressed
.
Now
,
some
time
after
all
these
embroiles
,
and
perturbations
,
both
in
Bohemia
,
and
Austria
,
were
past
;
the
Emperour
Rodolph
,
either
through
vexation
and
trouble
,
or
otherwise
,
Death
of
the
Emperour
Rodolph
the
twentieth
of
January
.
1612.
(
for
death
hath
alwayes
a
cause
)
departed
out
of
this
fraile
life
,
to
the
immortall
one
.
He
was
son
to
that
good
Emperour
Maximilian
,
whose
steps
he
followed
.
He
was
a
lover
of
sciences
,
and
chiefly
of
the
Art
of
Painting
.
He
passed
his
time
much
in
distilling
,
he
was
fearfull
,
and
by
consequence
little
undertaking
,
and
little
feared
by
his
enemies
;
who
knowing
his
nature
,
did
many
things
to
the
diminution
of
the
Imperial
Authority
.
He
died
at
Pragut
,
in
the
year
1612.
upon
the
20th.
of
Ianuary
.
The
Empire
had
no
need
of
a
distillator
,
but
rather
of
a
good
Operatour
,
to
act
powerfully
,
against
the
ill
plants
,
which
cast
forth
strong
roots
,
both
under
him
,
and
his
successour
,
and
which
have
given
so
much
pains
,
and
troubles
to
the
Empire
.
CHAP.
XIV
The
Warre
between
the
Danes
,
and
Swedes
;
the
reasons
why
?
Colmar
taken
.
Charles
dies
.
The
Queen-Regent
purchases
a
double
Marriage
in
Spain
.
The
Town
of
Aix
,
or
Aquisgrane
taken
,
and
Newburgh
relieved
by
Spinola
.
Chules
Duke
of
Sudermain
,
and
afterwards
King
of
Sweden
,
sends
an
Embassadour
into
Holland
.
CHarles
Duke
of
Sudermaine
took
the
Crown
away
from
Sigismund
his
Nephew
,
and
possessed
his
States
quietly
enough
:
but
there
rose
a
huge
warre
between
him
,
and
the
King
of
Denmark
,
who
very
much
disturbed
his
rest
,
and
whereof
(
in
his
complaint
of
King
Christian
)
he
takes
the
Jesuits
for
the
Authors
.
They
are
the
Atlases
,
who
must
bear
upon
their
shoulders
all
kinds
of
Calummes
,
and
Detractions
:
They
must
swallow
down
the
faults
of
others
.
He
had
had
many
conflicts
with
the
Polanders
,
and
had
tried
the
various
effects
of
Fortune
:
But
this
of
Denmark
touched
him
so
much
to
the
quick
,
that
they
two
came
from
complaints
,
to
brawles
and
reproaches
;
and
thence
to
the
lye
:
yea
,
and
at
last
to
desie
one
another
.
A
strange
thing
,
that
men
disapprove
in
others
,
what
they
do
themselves
.
Charles
a
little
before
,
had
sent
an
Embassadour
to
the
States-General
,
to
beseech
them
to
make
a
close
Allyance
with
him
,
against
his
Nephew
,
the
Spaniards
,
and
the
Jesuits
(
for
it
was
upon
them
,
that
he
chiefly
aymed
,
and
whom
he
so
much
mistrusted
,
who
yet
peradventure
,
dreamt
not
at
all
of
him
)
and
demanded
a
speedy
succour
,
before
the
Poles
had
quite
subdued
Muscovie
.
He
also
mentioned
the
quarrell
between
him
and
the
King
of
Denmark
,
offering
to
referre
it
to
them
,
or
any
other
Neutrall
Princes
,
and
to
acquiesce
in
their
Decision
.
The
States
also
sent
theirs
to
him
,
but
he
was
able
to
effect
nothing
with
him
.
The
King
declares
a
warre
upon
him
.
In
the
moneth
of
April
,
1611.
King
Christian
declares
a
Warre
,
founded
upon
four
points
:
The
first
,
upon
the
Fishing
of
Lapponia
,
or
Lapland
,
the
third
part
whereof
he
pretended
to
appertain
to
himself
.
The
second
,
a
complaint
,
formed
upon
Charles
his
having
fortified
Guttemburgh
,
to
the
disadvantage
of
the
Sound
:
the
third
,
was
the
redemanding
of
the
Isle
of
Oesel
,
held
by
the
Swedes
:
And
the
last
,
that
Christian
would
not
suffer
him
,
to
put
in
his
Arms
,
the
three
Crownes
,
nor
the
Title
of
Lapland
,
and
North-land
.
Kings
have
never
any
better
reason
to
make
Warre
,
then
that
which
is
offered
them
by
occasion
.
It
is
a
Royal
thing
(
sayes
a
Disciple
of
that
so
much
disclaimed
Italian
)
to
attempt
the
Possessions
of
others
.
Colmar
taken
.
The
Danes
seazed
Colmar
,
the
prime
key
of
the
kingdom
of
Sweden
,
and
besieged
the
Castle
,
both
by
Sea
and
land
;
which
,
unlesse
it
were
famished
,
was
held
impregnable
,
by
reason
of
the
situation
:
Neither
was
it
taken
now
by
that
way
;
but
yeelded
up
by
the
levity
of
the
Governour
,
who
went
to
fix
his
habitation
in
Denmark
.
That
which
cannot
be
digged
by
Iron
,
is
often
done
by
Gold
,
The
King
of
Sweden
found
work
enough
to
do
,
with
two
so
potent
enemies
upon
his
skirts
;
but
that
which
most
troubled
him
was
,
that
he
could
not
bring
the
Danes
to
any
Composition
,
Fonce
.
so
that
in
sine
,
having
lost
Colmar
,
with
above
a
hundred
pieces
of
Canon
,
six
ships
of
Warre
,
the
Isle
of
Bornholm
,
and
some
other
,
The
death
of
Charles
.
also
forced
to
bow
to
old
age
,
and
afflictions
(
caused
by
these
losses
)
he
fell
sick
,
and
coming
to
die
,
made
way
for
that
great
Captaine
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
the
very
relation
of
whose
victories
makes
the
world
tremble
.
Charles
was
a
Prince
of
great
courage
,
and
lover
of
his
Law
,
for
the
only
defence
whereof
,
the
Swedes
affirm
,
that
he
accepted
the
Crown
;
and
not
through
any
ambition
he
had
to
be
a
King
.
He
inclined
a
little
towards
the
Reformates
,
and
could
not
endure
to
have
prayers
made
in
Latin
.
He
was
speechlesse
some
time
before
his
death
,
and
was
much
more
prone
to
rigour
,
then
moderation
;
yea
,
even
to
Tyranny
it self
;
which
is
a
vice
much
observed
in
the
successours
of
Erick
,
after
they
are
past
forry
years
old
.
The
Danes
,
sayling
with
the
winde
in
poupe
,
took
many
ships
near
Elsburgh
,
together
with
the
Castle
it self
.
But
the
Swedes
were
fully
revenged
upon
them
,
by
taking
their
measures
well
,
as
it
will
appear
in
the
continuation
of
this
History
.
With
patience
all
things
are
effected
.
In
fine
,
Peace
made
.
a
Peace
was
made
,
and
Colmar
,
upon
agreement
,
of
some
barrels
of
Gold
,
restored
to
the
Swedes
:
The
Kings
were
friends
,
and
afterwards
an
Enterview
,
and
an
Allyance
both
Offensive
,
and
Defensive
,
concluded
against
the
King
of
Poland
.
But
let
us
go
back
to
the
South
.
Italy
produced
no
seed
of
sedition
at
all
,
every
one
keeping
himself
within
his
own
jurisdiction
;
but
the
Duke
of
Mantua
being
taken
out
of
his
by
death
,
without
sons
,
his
Brother
succeeded
him
;
who
,
assisted
by
the
Spaniards
,
waged
a
long
warre
against
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
who
was
supported
by
France
.
Since
the
Truce
in
the
Low-countries
,
and
the
expulsion
of
the
Mores
,
there
passed
nothing
in
Spain
worthy
of
memory
,
but
some
Fights
at
Sea
,
against
Pirats
,
who
were
defeated
by
the
Spaniards
,
and
the
Hollanders
.
The
match
sought
in
Spain
.
Queen
Mary
of
Medicis
,
willing
to
keep
her
subjects
in
Peace
,
during
her
Regencie
,
and
prevent
all
occasions
of
disorder
,
mediated
a
double
match
with
Spain
;
that
is
,
of
her
Son
,
and
Daughter
,
with
Prince
Philip
,
and
the
Infanta
,
his
Sister
;
but
the
marriages
were
differred
,
in
regard
of
their
too
tender
age
;
though
yet
,
this
good
newes
caused
great
rejoycing
throughout
all
the
Territories
of
the
two
Crowns
,
with
Tilts
,
and
Turnaments
,
worth
anmiration
;
wherein
the
French
Lords
expressed
as
well
the
agility
,
and
fine
disposition
of
their
bodies
,
as
the
gentilnesse
of
their
mindes
.
Let
us
now
draw
back
to
the
Low-countries
again
,
which
observe
the
Truce
;
but
let
not
their
souldiers
rest
,
in
favour
of
their
Neighbours
.
For
,
the
Dukes
of
Brandenburgh
,
and
Newburgh
(
this
being
grown
a
Roman
,
and
that
a
Reformat
)
renewed
their
old
unhappy
quarrel
;
either
for
want
of
a
right
and
mutual
understanding
,
or
else
for
being
the
object
of
the
ambitious
passion
of
some
other
Princes
.
The
Arch-Duke
had
sent
Spinola
into
the
Field
,
to
execute
the
sentence
given
upon
them
of
Aquisgrane
,
Aix
or
Aquisgrane
yeelds
.
The
Spaniards
succour
the
Duke
of
Newburgh
,
and
the
Hollanders
,
the
Duke
of
Brandenburgh
.
who
had
incurred
the
disfavour
of
the
Emperour
,
by
expelling
the
Roman
Catholick
Magistrates
out
of
the
Town
;
and
their
sudden
submission
,
gave
the
Spaniards
conveniency
to
hasten
to
the
relief
of
the
Duke
of
Newburgh
,
by
whom
they
were
expected
.
They
took
Wesel
,
and
some
other
small
places
;
and
Prince
Maurice
on
the
other
side
,
who
was
sent
by
the
States
to
succour
the
Electour
,
took
and
fortified
Emmerick
,
and
Rees
.
It
is
most
dangerous
,
to
have
a
Neighbour
stronger
then
ones
self
;
for
his
succour
is
alwayes
dammageable
,
to
him
who
accepts
it
.
These
two
Princes
know
it
,
as
well
as
any
others
.
But
what
?
Passion
very
often
prevailes
over
Reason
,
and
the
errour
of
the
Hunters
,
gives
the
Hare
opportunity
to
escape
.
But
let
us
reprize
this
Webbe
contrived
of
many
threds
of
different
colours
,
and
woven
by
divers
Weavers
.
The
Emperors
Authority
proving
inefficacious
,
and
his
threats
,
as
it
wore
,
our
of
breath
,
and
saint
,
(
as
coming
from
so
great
a
distance
)
with
these
two
Princes
;
who
proud
of
the
assistance
of
two
Kings
,
and
shouldered
by
a
strong
Common-Wealth
,
equally
shared
the
Government
of
the
Dutchy
,
for
some
time
,
making
their
Residence
together
at
Dusseldorp
.
But
,
by
means
of
some
small
jealousies
,
were
quickly
disunited
;
and
the
Marriage
of
the
Duke
of
Newburgh
,
with
the
Duke
of
Bavaria's
Sisters
,
awakened
as
great
suspicions
,
in
the
Duke
of
Brandenburghs
breast
(
being
a
Reformate
)
as
the
Allyance
of
the
united
Provinces
,
in
that
of
the
Duke
of
Newburgh
,
who
was
become
Cathohok
.
The
Design
upon
Dusseldorp
,
had
no
successe
;
and
that
which
was
so
prosperously
executed
upon
Gulick
,
by
the
Governours
meanes
,
manifested
to
the
Arch-Duke
(
a
peacefull
Prince
)
that
the
Reformates
in
a
fair
occasion
,
want
no
boldnesse
,
no
courage
.
The
Spaniards
took
the
Allarme
so
much
the
more
powerfully
,
as
the
Treaties
went
on
slowly
,
and
as
the
French
seemed
to
favour
the
Duke
of
Brandenburgh
,
more
,
to
put
an
obstacle
to
the
Arms
of
Spain
,
then
for
any
other
consideration
.
Brief
,
the
Army
marches
into
the
Field
,
under
the
conduct
of
Spinola
.
Aix
,
or
Aquisgrane
stooped
,
and
the
Romane
Catholick
Magistrates
were
re-established
.
Mullem
was
battered
down
,
and
Otroy
taken
;
besides
many
othes
places
,
where
there
was
no
Garrison
of
the
united
Provinces
,
for
fear
of
a
breach
.
The
taking
of
Wesel
,
seemed
to
countervail
that
of
Gulick
;
swelled
the
hearts
of
the
Spaniards
,
and
made
those
people
know
,
that
their
Masters
should
have
but
a
seeming
Government
,
as
long
as
these
puissant
forces
stayed
in
their
States
.
But
if
they
had
relyed
upon
the
judgement
of
the
Emperour
,
it
is
likely
,
that
these
misfortunes
had
not
happened
.
At
that
troublesome
and
vexatious
Treaty
of
Santen
,
all
the
Princes
layd
open
their
Interests
,
the
Leaven
of
partialities
about
.
Religions
began
to
swell
,
the
Deputies
went
away
discontented
,
leaving
the
Businesse
imperfect
,
the
occupated
Townes
retained
their
Ghests
,
and
the
two
Princes
learnt
(
to
their
own
cost
)
what
many
other
had
tryed
before
them
.
CHAP.
XV
The
Differences
which
happened
in
the
United
Provinces
,
Barnaveldt
beheaded
,
and
the
Religion
of
the
Arminians
,
condemned
.
King
Lewis
humbles
the
Hugenots
,
and
reduces
Bearne
.
THE
Peace
without
the
united
Provinces
,
had
shut
up
many
turbulent
and
seditious
humours
within
them
;
which
not
being
able
to
get
out
,
hatched
some
very
dangerous
tumults
.
Commotions
in
the
united
Provinces
.
The
precious
names
of
Peace
and
Rest
,
were
both
odious
,
and
insupporatable
to
them
.
We
often
flye
from
that
,
which
is
advantageous
to
us
,
and
follow
that
,
which
is
hurtfull
.
The
first
was
at
Al●mar
,
the
second
at
Liewerden
;
and
the
third
,
and
most
perilous
,
at
Vtrick
,
where
some
of
the
bolder
sort
of
the
Mutiners
,
fortified
by
a
huge
crew
of
their
Caball
,
constrained
the
Magistrates
to
abdicate
their
charges
,
and
chose
others
in
their
places
;
who
were
most
of
them
,
the
Heads
of
their
sedition
.
But
this
sicknesse
requiring
a
more
violent
remedy
,
then
the
first
Lepitives
,
and
the
Town
threatned
with
a
siege
,
all
grew
to
be
appeased
,
and
the
Garrison
augmented
.
Disputes
about
Predestination
.
Yet
this
was
nothing
,
in
respect
of
that
mischief
which
arose
,
from
a
controversie
in
Divinity
concerning
Predestination
,
and
some
other
Articles
annexed
to
it
;
which
,
like
a
thick
Fogge
,
so
blinded
all
the
Inhabitants
,
that
it
left
not
any
use
of
light
at
all
to
any
,
but
to
such
as
served
themselves
thereof
,
to
the●●
own
profit
.
The
two
Champions
,
who
by
their
Sermons
,
and
Disputes
,
divided
all
Holland
into
two
Factions
,
were
Arminins
and
Gomarus
.
Such
as
followed
this
latter
,
who
ardently
maintained
the
said
Predestination
,
were
called
Contra-Remonstrancers
;
and
the
other
,
Remonstrancers
,
of
Arminians
,
who
were
said
to
professe
a
Doctrine
,
disagreeing
from
that
of
John
Calvin
.
This
was
too
high
,
and
difficult
a
passage
to
be
comprehended
by
the
common
people
,
and
so
it
brought
with
it
nothing
but
confusion
.
Yet
,
the
Dispute
ended
not
with
the
life
of
Arminins
,
but
was
more
and
more
kindled
by
his
Disciples
,
and
chiefly
by
Verstius
;
who
,
upon
the
Recommendation
of
the
Remonstrancers
,
was
made
Professou●
.
From
Disputes
,
came
Factions
,
and
Vorstius
was
deposed
,
by
the
threats
of
the
King
of
Great
Britain
.
In
brief
,
every
one
takes
arms
,
for
his
own
defence
.
They
of
Harlem
,
Leiden
,
and
Vtrick
,
by
the
counsell
(
as
was
reported
)
of
Advocate
Harnaveldt
,
raise
forces
,
Prince
Maurice
hastens
,
surprises
Vtrick
,
disarnis
the
Citizens
,
and
changes
the
Magistrates
(
a
remarkably
action
)
as
he
also
did
,
at
Harlem
,
and
Leiden
(
where
they
had
barricaded
the
Town-House
)
and
imprisons
the
chief
of
the
Arminian
Faction
.
But
the
Ministers
,
notwithstanding
all
these
proceedings
,
ceased
not
to
dispute
,
not
the
Printers
to
set
forth
Books
,
concerning
this
controversie
.
Wherefore
,
there
was
a
Synod
convocated
at
Dort
,
where
the
Arminian
Doctrine
was
condemned
;
the
Ministers
who
persisted
in
it
,
imprisoned
,
and
some
were
banished
,
and
sought
their
abode
in
Holstein
,
and
other
places
.
Barnaveldt
beheaded
.
The
great
States-man
Barnaveldt
,
formerly
much
cherished
by
King
Henry
of
France
,
and
greatly
renowned
for
his
services
done
to
the
Common-Wealth
(
and
chiefly
for
having
drawne
out
of
the
clutches
of
the
English
,
the
three
places
engaged
to
Queen
Elizabeth
,
as
also
for
having
made
divers
Embassies
,
and
sweated
under
various
burthens
of
State
)
finished
his
life
by
an
infamous
punishment
.
This
man
,
being
about
seventy
two
yeares
old
,
was
accused
of
being
Head
of
the
Arminian
Faction
;
of
disturbing
the
tranquility
of
the
Townes
,
and
checking
the
authority
of
the
Prince
;
whose
power
he
wished
indeed
,
to
see
lessened
,
thereby
to
secure
the
publick
Liberty
.
In
sine
,
there
was
a
rumour
scattered
,
that
he
should
have
had
a
design
to
usurp
the
Government
of
the
Common-wealth
.
They
who
were
of
his
party
,
for
proof
of
his
innocence
,
represented
the
greatnesse
of
his
services
and
cares
,
to
maintain
the
power
of
the
States
.
And
yet
howsoever
,
all
his
friends
,
melted
(
as
it
were
)
like
snow
before
the
Sun
,
of
the
Princes
Authority
:
and
one
of
the
most
famous
Writers
of
this
Age
,
sayes
,
that
he
was
condemned
in
the
name
of
the
States
,
but
by
the
practices
of
King
James
,
and
Prince
Maurice
.
There
is
nothing
sure
in
this
world
,
and
the
greatest
fortunes
,
are
very
often
those
,
which
are
upon
the
slippery
top
of
their
prac●pice
.
If
all
they
,
who
are
ambitious
to
go
out
of
their
condition
,
to
get
up
to
another
more
clevated
,
and
high
,
would
but
represent
to
themselves
,
the
disasters
and
misfortunes
,
which
we
see
fall
upon
those
great
persons
;
they
would
have
no
other
desire
,
then
to
stay
where
they
are
.
The
Treaty
of
the
Truce
,
which
by
his
advice
,
was
made
for
twelve
years
,
against
the
reasons
of
Prince
Manrice
(
who
being
a
souldier
,
and
for
his
own
interest
,
endeavoured
to
break
it
)
purchased
his
disfavour
;
and
his
very
great
credit
,
his
hatred
besides
his
disswading
the
Warre
of
Bohemia
,
together
with
what
we
have
just
now
said
,
and
many
other
accusations
,
abbreviated
his
life
for
some
dayes
.
When
Jupiter
chides
,
all
the
rest
of
the
Gods
are
silens
.
Hugo
Grotius
,
went
to
keep
company
with
the
other
Ministers
,
who
were
prisoners
at
Louwestein
,
though
by
the
prudent
cousel
of
his
Wife
,
he
brake
quickly
off
from
it
afterwards
.
Thus
,
was
this
mist
,
which
threatened
the
Common-wealth
with
a
dangerous
convulsion
,
dispelled
;
the
Churches
employed
by
the
Contra-Remonstrancers
only
;
and
the
Arminians
reviled
,
and
disclaimed
,
as
no
better
then
half
Traytors
,
by
the
very
dregs
of
the
People
.
But
really
,
the
blamable
treason
of
the
children
of
Barnaveldt
,
who
breathed
nothing
but
revenge
of
their
Fathers
death
,
was
the
cause
why
many
retired
themselves
from
this
Party
,
which
,
for
a
time
was
much
discredited
.
It
King
Iames
,
on
the
one
side
,
ardently
prosecuted
his
destruction
:
King
Lewis
sollicited
his
deliverance
as
hotly
on
the
other
:
and
would
scarce
give
ear
to
the
multitude
of
excuses
,
which
was
brought
by
the
Embassadours
,
for
so
passionate
an
execution
.
Howsoever
,
all
these
changes
,
were
not
able
to
change
the
happinesse
of
these
Provinces
;
the
popular
Tumults
,
growing
by
little
and
little
to
slacken
,
to
the
great
good
of
the
whole
Country
.
But
now
,
the
women
had
also
a
minde
to
shew
,
that
they
likewise
knew
how
to
handle
their
arms
,
and
gave
an
experiment
thereof
at
Delpft
,
about
some
Imposts
,
or
Taxes
,
where
they
so
stoutly
assailed
the
Town-House
,
that
it
was
nec●ssitated
to
send
for
both
Souldiers
,
and
Counsell
from
the
Hag●e
,
to
make
them
retire
to
the
distaffe
.
Perhaps
,
there
were
amongst
these
,
some
of
them
,
who
had
beaten
the
Franciscan
Friers
out
of
their
Cloyster
:
so
great
a
reputation
of
courage
have
the
good
wives
of
D●lft
.
And
these
are
all
the
perturbations
,
and
whatsoever
else
of
note
,
happened
in
the
confederated
Provinces
,
during
the
Truce
.
Before
we
contrive
our
Discourse
of
the
Warres
of
Germany
,
we
will
return
a
little
towards
France
,
which
is
the
kingdom
,
where
Fortune
,
by
her
various
effects
of
mutability
,
seems
rather
to
have
established
the
Empyre
,
then
elsewhere
.
The
nature
of
the
Germans
is
such
,
as
not
to
suffer
themselves
so
easily
to
be
induced
to
take
arms
;
for
it
costs
much
trouble
,
to
bring
them
to
it
,
and
they
walk
with
leaden
heels
:
but
having
once
taken
them
up
,
they
lay
them
not
down
,
till
they
be
able
to
bear
them
no
longer
,
and
till
all
be
brought
to
the
extremity
of
desolation
.
But
the
French
,
on
the
other
side
,
both
easily
take
them
up
,
and
more
easily
lay
them
down
;
in
such
sort
,
as
their
Warres
are
very
often
finished
,
and
pacified
,
before
it
be
knowne
,
that
they
were
in
arms
.
After
the
consecration
,
or
unction
of
King
Lewis
,
during
the
six
first
years
of
his
reign
,
there
were
rather
Tumults
,
then
Wars
.
The
Malcontent
;
the
Complaints
as
well
of
the
Princes
,
as
of
the
H●genots
;
their
ill-grounded
distrusts
,
and
jealousies
,
exercised
the
mind
of
that
great
Queen
;
who
dissipated
their
bad
designes
,
sometimes
with
money
,
and
augmentation
of
Pensions
,
and
new
Governments
;
and
sometimes
also
,
by
making
them
exactly
observe
the
Edict
of
Nantes
;
an
interest
,
which
the
said
Prinoes
are
accustomed
to
take
,
during
the
minority
of
their
Kings
;
so
to
adde
to
their
own
power
,
what
they
take
away
,
from
that
of
their
Master
.
The
Moon
,
and
the
Starres
,
endeavour
to
weaken
the
light
of
the
Sun
,
by
borrowing
a
part
thereof
of
him
.
But
that
which
is
to
be
lamented
,
is
,
that
all
this
is
done
at
the
charge
of
the
poor
people
.
In
effect
,
the
great
care
of
this
wise
Queen
,
dispelled
many
mists
,
and
no
lesse
preserved
the
kingdom
for
her
son
;
then
the
succeeding
Ministers
,
who
have
laboured
to
augment
it
.
France
,
having
smothered
with
the
blood
of
the
Marquis
d'
Ancre
,
all
the
grievances
,
both
of
the
Princes
and
people
,
saw
likewise
the
end
of
that
,
The
troubles
in
France
appeased
.
which
the
Prince
of
Conde
gave
the
King
,
by
the
obstacles
which
he
was
resolved
to
put
,
to
the
confirmation
of
his
marriage
.
The
Duke
of
Guise
conducted
the
young
Princesse
of
France
,
to
the
Confines
of
Spain
,
and
reconducted
the
Infanta
of
Spain
;
and
the
Prince
of
France
was
lodged
in
the
Battail
.
The
Constable
Luynes
became
the
subject
of
a
new
Commotion
,
and
his
great
favour
,
the
object
of
hatred
,
to
some
Grandees
,
who
absented
themselves
from
the
Court
,
under
pretext
of
defending
the
Queen-Mother
;
who
was
extremely
exasperated
against
Luynes
,
for
that
he
being
the
Counsellour
,
of
the
ruine
of
the
Marshall
d'
Ancre
,
had
taken
possession
of
his
Place
,
and
gotten
his
spoyles
;
and
so
she
retired
her self
to
Angonlesine
,
to
be
secured
by
the
Duke
d'
Espernon
.
Now
this
fire
,
being
kindled
,
by
the
just
disgust
of
an
afflicted
Queen
,
begot
an
opinion
,
that
it
would
be
scattered
through
all
France
.
For
men
began
to
be
active
and
busie
already
,
as
well
at
Metz
,
as
within
the
very
middle
of
the
kingdom
:
and
the
motion
being
in
a
fronteer
Town
,
gave
cause
to
fear
,
lest
,
perhaps
,
strangers
might
put
themselves
into
the
dance
.
For
the
Duke
d'
Espernon
departed
from
Metz
,
to
go
serve
the
Queen-Mother
,
to
whom
he
was
reconciled
,
by
the
common
necessity
of
an
equall
Banishment
:
The
Nobility
,
and
the
Armies
,
began
already
to
march
,
all
was
full
of
fear
,
and
fury
;
and
such
as
loved
novelty
,
The
Prince
of
Conde
.
leapt
already
for
joy
.
But
the
King
,
assisted
by
the
Counsell
of
the
first
Prince
of
the
Blood
,
(
who
was
now
reconciled
to
him
)
instantly
seased
upon
the
Castle
,
and
Town
of
Caen
,
went
and
beat
the
Queenes
Troops
,
before
the
Malcontents
joyned
with
theirs
and
reduced
them
all
to
a
necessity
of
submitting
to
his
Grace
.
From
thence
,
he
conducted
his
Army
into
Bearne
,
Reduction
of
Bearne
.
and
by
his
presence
,
effected
that
in
few
dayes
,
upon
the
Ministers
,
and
chief
of
that
Country
,
which
the
Edict
of
the
year
1617.
had
not
been
able
to
obtain
.
He
reduced
the
whole
Province
under
his
obedience
,
re-established
the
Exercise
of
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
;
rendered
the
Ecclesiasticall
Benefices
,
put
other
Garrisons
into
the
places
of
strength
:
and
four
months
after
,
returned
to
Paris
,
where
he
was
received
with
an
universal
applause
,
though
he
left
behind
him
,
an
immortall
disgust
,
amongst
the
most
zealous
of
the
Hugenot
party
,
by
the
re-establishment
of
a
Religion
(
without
striking
stroake
)
which
in
sixty
years
before
,
was
not
so
much
as
knowne
there
,
but
by
calumnies
and
reproaches
,
and
matter
also
for
a
new
warre
,
with
such
stomack
,
and
animosity
,
as
wanted
nothing
but
the
occasion
,
to
draw
the
sword
.
The
Marriage
of
the
Lady
Christine
of
France
,
with
the
Duke
of
Savoy
.
In
the
mean
time
,
the
Cardinal
of
Savoy
,
arrives
at
Court
,
to
thank
the
King
,
for
the
care
he
had
vouchsafed
to
take
,
of
the
preservation
of
his
Fathers
Dominions
;
as
also
to
mediate
a
Match
,
of
the
Lady
Christine
of
France
,
with
his
eldest
Brother
.
He
was
made
very
welcom
,
and
obtained
,
in
fine
,
a
favourable
grant
,
of
all
he
demanded
.
We
will
now
give
to
the
Hugenots
of
France
,
leasure
to
study
a
way
,
to
revenge
themselves
,
of
so
sensible
a
displeasure
,
and
stop
the
King
,
from
getting
thenceforth
any
so
great
successe
,
as
might
encrease
their
diffidence
,
and
bring
a
detriment
upon
their
Religion
.
Let
us
now
pass
on
to
a
Warre
,
of
much
more
horrour
,
and
larger
extent
;
for
we
can
no
longer
forbear
,
it
being
high
time
to
speak
of
it
;
we
cannot
,
I
say
,
withdraw
our selves
,
it
furnishing
us
with
matter
enough
to
believe
,
that
the
Age
wherein
we
live
,
is
the
most
unhappy
of
all
Ages
;
yea
,
the
very
sink
,
and
last
of
all
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
THIS
IRON
AGE
.
THE
THIRD
BOOK
.
CHAP.
I
The
Prodigies
,
which
preceded
the
Warrs
of
Germany
.
A
discription
,
of
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
.
Old
differences
about
Religion
.
The
wars
of
Zisca
,
compared
to
these
.
I
Abhor
,
to
begin
the
discourse
,
of
the
longest
,
and
most
cruell
Warr
,
that
ever
was
in
Christendome
,
and
which
drew
more
blood
,
more
altered
the
Christian
Faith
,
and
caused
more
ruine
and
desolation
,
then
all
that
ever
were
in
Europ
.
Let
no
man
tell
me
,
of
the
Exploits
of
Atilas
,
with
his
Huns
,
for
he
did
but
passe
like
lightning
.
Let
there
be
no
comparison
made
,
of
the
Warts
of
the
Goths
,
Visigoths
,
Daces
,
and
Vandals
,
who
came
altogether
,
to
dismember
the
Romane
Empire
,
and
the
Franks
,
and
Burgundians
,
who
drove
the
Romanes
out
of
Gawl
.
For
these
People
,
having
expelled
the
old
Usurpers
,
by
the
successe
of
a
battel
,
or
two
;
leagued
themselves
forth
with
,
with
them
whom
they
had
freed
from
the
yoke
,
and
instantly
laid
the
foundations
,
of
a
new
Kingdome
.
But
this
Warr
,
which
we
are
now
going
to
describe
,
involved
all
Europ
;
and
there
is
not
so
much
as
one
Province
,
which
doth
not
resent
it
;
yea
,
that
which
is
more
deploreable
,
is
,
that
we
see
not
the
end
of
it
yet
;
for
,
for
my
part
,
I
am
of
opinion
,
in
this
wicked
age
,
Men
will
sooner
be
wanting
,
then
Will
,
to
such
as
are
ambitious
,
to
continue
this
bloody
exercise
.
The
Prodigies
,
which
both
went
before
it
,
and
happened
during
the
continuance
of
it
,
like
waves
of
the
sea
,
have
two
much
informed
us
,
that
it
would
ingulf
all
the
Provinces
of
Christendome
,
one
after
another
,
and
such
as
thought
to
be
exempted
from
it
,
as
well
for
the
advantages
they
had
upon
their
enemies
,
as
for
the
impossibility
of
introducing
the
Babes
of
Mars
amongst
them
,
by
reason
of
their
situation
;
feel
,
at
present
,
the
scourge
,
with
as
much
sharpnesse
,
as
the
former
.
That
facall
Torch
,
which
appeared
towards
the
end
of
the
year
1618
,
with
a
long
,
and
formidable
tayle
,
seemed
to
announce
to
us
the
wrath
of
God
;
thereby
to
prepare
us
to
repentance
,
or
else
patiently
to
suffer
the
evils
,
which
we
could
not
avoid
.
Those
sights
,
which
were
seen
in
the
ayre
,
Prodigies
hapned
in
Europe
.
in
many
places
,
those
Tempests
,
those
exundations
of
Rivers
,
those
disruptions
,
or
shiverings
of
Barrs
,
by
the
mercilesse
Ocean
;
those
earthquakes
,
and
inundations
,
those
monstrous
Productions
,
those
waters
turned
into
blood
,
those
impetuous
windes
,
which
have
overthrown
so
many
Towers
,
and
rooted
up
so
many
trees
;
those
bloody
raines
,
and
so
many
other
supernaturall
accidents
,
are
the
messengers
of
Divine
indignation
,
to
such
as
are
obstinate
in
their
wickednesse
.
Fools
,
who
say
in
their
hearts
,
there
is
no
God
,
have
despised
these
advertisements
,
and
lead
a
life
,
worse
then
that
,
of
the
people
,
of
the
time
of
Noah
.
Germany
,
by
a
Peace
of
so
many
yeers
durance
,
being
grown
extreamly
opulent
,
the
Princes
potent
,
and
the
Towns
much
elevated
;
The
State
of
Germany
.
began
to
withdraw
herself
,
by
little
and
little
,
if
not
wholy
from
servitude
,
yet
at
least
,
from
duty
.
The
Courts
were
full
of
debaucheries
,
and
the
excesse
of
drinking
,
was
recompensed
,
with
a
Crown
of
victorie
;
the
Tables
loaden
with
meat
,
The
debawches
were
sometimes
overturned
,
with
brutall
insolence
;
and
that
,
which
could
not
possibly
bring
any
good
,
was
,
that
the
greatest
part
of
the
Grandees
there
,
left
the
management
of
their
affaires
,
to
their
Chancelours
,
or
their
Favourites
,
whilest
themselves
were
plunging
in
delights
,
luxurie
,
ranting
,
and
superfluities
,
together
with
the
pleasures
of
the
Court
,
and
the
Chase
.
The
Emperour
Matthias
,
who
was
Crowned
in
the
year
,
1612
,
made
not
his
Authority
in
the
Empire
,
shine
a
whit
brighter
then
his
Predecessours
had
done
;
in
such
sort
,
as
that
the
State
wasfallen
(
as
it
were
)
into
a
Palsie
,
and
languishment
.
Not
withstanding
all
these
voluptuousnesses
,
and
debauches
,
distrusts
were
grown
so
high
,
that
it
was
impossible
,
for
the
Banks
or
Damns
,
to
stop
these
Torrents
,
without
letting
some
part
of
them
loose
.
The
children
were
then
matching
in
Troops
,
and
Bands
,
through
the
streets
,
with
Arms
,
Drums
,
and
Colours
;
and
the
old
men
sighing
and
crying
out
,
Prognostications
of
Warrs
.
We
shall
quickly
feel
the
effects
,
of
a
cruell
Warr.
That
,
which
arrived
at
Donawerds
,
brought
some
of
the
imperiall
Townes
to
a
league
,
to
which
they
invited
the
Electour
of
Saxonie
;
but
not
receiving
so
good
an
answer
as
they
hoped
,
threats
remained
without
effect
,
and
all
stayed
in
apparent
enmity
(
the
one
party
casting
the
fault
upon
the
other
)
till
the
occasions
which
we
are
going
to
recount
.
But
let
us
enter
upon
the
War
of
Bohemia
.
Bohemia
,
is
a
little
Kingdom
,
but
very
fertill
,
in
Corn
,
Wine
,
Mines
of
Gold
,
Silver
,
Tinne
,
and
all
which
is
necessary
for
the
life
of
man
.
The
King
is
ranged
in
the
number
of
the
Electours
;
and
his
Vote
,
or
suffrage
,
is
so
necessary
,
that
when
the
Parties
are
equall
,
he
who
receives
it
,
is
elevated
to
the
Imperiall
Throne
.
This
said
Kingdome
,
is
almost
quite
invironed
by
Germany
;
and
it
stretches
,
on
the
one
side
,
to
Moravia
.
The
Inhabitants
speak
the
language
of
Slavonia
,
though
yet
the
High-Dutch
be
as
common
there
,
as
the
French
is
,
in
the
Low-Countries
.
The
Metropolitan
City
is
Prague
,
which
is
watered
by
the
stream
of
Moldaw
.
The
Country
is
very
great
,
most
populous
,
and
adorned
with
a
most
famous
,
and
most
ancient
University
,
wherein
,
for
a
time
,
were
numbered
above
thirty
thousand
Scholars
.
Now
,
because
the
first
controversies
about
Religion
,
which
caused
the
separations
,
and
hatreds
amongst
Christians
,
proceeded
from
thence
;
it
will
not
be
out
of
our
way
,
and
much
for
the
contentment
of
the
Reader
,
to
take
notice
of
the
source
,
and
Origin
thereof
.
About
the
year
of
Grace
1400.
John
Huss
,
having
found
,
and
read
the
Books
of
W●tcliff
,
John
Huss
.
betook
himself
publickly
,
to
teach
a
doctrine
much
like
that
of
the
Waldenses
,
condemned
by
the
Church
of
Rome
,
as
much
checking
the
Points
,
and
Tenets
thereof
received
:
as
namely
,
the
authority
of
the
Pope
,
Purgatory
,
Worship
of
Images
,
and
the
like
;
God
permitting
a
diversity
of
Doctrines
,
during
the
Schismes
of
the
Church
:
for
the
disputes
of
the
Popes
,
gave
subject
,
to
attack
the
Points
of
Faith
,
exhibited
by
them
,
and
their
own
Authority
.
The
Councell
of
Constance
.
A
Councell
was
assembled
at
Constance
,
whether
Jerome
of
Prague
,
and
John
Huss
,
were
invited
,
under
a
safe
conduct
,
or
passe
,
from
the
Emperour
Sigismond
:
But
for
all
that
they
persisted
in
the
Doctrine
of
Witcliff
,
and
maintained
,
that
the
Churches
diffused
up
and
down
the
world
,
were
deviated
from
the
traditions
of
the
Apostles
;
they
were
both
contrary
to
publick
Faith
,
and
the
Emperours
Paste
,
given
them
,
sentenced
to
be
burned
,
and
their
ashes
cast
into
the
ayre
.
And
from
thence
came
the
Axiome
,
so
often
and
so
justly
chanted
,
and
iterated
,
by
the
Protestants
,
and
whereof
they
serve
themselves
to
quicken
their
distrusts
.
Faith
must
not
be
kept
with
Hereticks
.
The
Fathers
of
the
said
Councell
,
were
moved
on
by
a
too
inconsiderate
,
yea
,
and
unjust
zeal
;
which
(
if
we
may
have
leave
,
to
deduce
the
consequence
of
the
effects
thereof
which
have
followed
)
very
much
displeased
the
Father
of
Truth
.
The
Romane
Catholicks
disprove
of
this
Maxime
,
and
the
Emperour
,
Charles
the
5th
.
expressed
,
that
he
was
no
friend
to
it
,
by
keeping
his
word
so
truly
,
with
Doctor
Martin
Luther
,
at
the
Assembly
at
Wormes
.
The
disciples
of
John
Huss
●ake
arms
.
Now
,
the
disciples
of
the
aforesaid
John
Huss
,
being
very
impatient
at
the
death
of
their
Masters
,
and
not
content
with
the
Churches
which
were
granted
them
,
took
arms
,
under
pretext
of
desiring
more
.
But
I
find
the
zeal
of
all
them
,
who
have
withdrawn
themselves
from
the
Church
of
Rome
,
and
taken
up
their
Quarters
apart
,
to
be
very
different
from
that
of
the
Primitive
Christians
,
amongst
the
Pagans
,
and
Gentiles
,
those
remaining
in
the
Predicament
of
Passion
onely
;
and
these
,
adding
also
that
of
Action
.
True
it
is
,
that
ambition
,
and
desire
of
novelty
both
in
the
one
and
other
State
,
have
been
the
efficient
causes
of
these
great
changes
.
If
they
,
who
have
cried
out
with
a
loud
voice
,
for
the
reformation
of
manners
,
had
been
heard
,
as
well
as
they
,
who
have
called
in
doubt
many
Maximes
of
Faith
;
we
should
really
now
live
in
the
Golden
,
and
not
in
the
Iron
Age.
They
assault
the
Images
.
Zisca
tames
Bohemia
.
The
first
warr
they
made
,
was
upon
the
Images
,
the
Prelates
,
the
Cloisters
,
and
the
Magistrates
,
who
opposed
their
unbridled
licentiousnesse
.
A
Truce
was
made
,
and
no
sooner
made
,
then
broken
.
Zisca
that
famous
Head
of
the
Faction
,
made
himself
Master
of
Bohemia
,
and
commanded
all
the
Churches
dedicated
to
the
Saints
,
to
be
battered
down
;
alleadging
for
his
reason
,
that
they
must
be
consecrated
onely
to
God
.
He
defeated
all
the
Armies
,
that
oppugned
his
Designes
;
like
a
Torrent
,
which
carries
away
,
and
destroyes
all
,
whiles
Fate
made
him
loose
that
one
eye
,
which
was
left
him
.
He
marched
into
Austria
,
and
quite
blinde
as
he
was
,
left
not
nevertheless
to
crush
his
Enemies
;
and
arrived
time
enough
to
chastize
the
Citizens
of
Prague
,
who
were
revolted
from
him
,
because
of
the
demolition
of
the
Churches
,
and
Ima●es
.
In
fine
,
Fortune
by
an
occult
mystery
of
the
great
God
,
averted
the
Prelates
,
from
their
duty
,
and
humbled
the
Emperour
so
far
,
as
to
bring
him
upon
his
knees
,
before
this
blind
man
;
yea
,
and
constrained
him
moreover
,
to
offer
him
the
Government
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
the
Militia
.
But
that
Eternall
power
,
having
served
himself
sufficiently
of
this
scourge
,
drew
him
out
of
the
world
,
by
a
contagious
sicknesse
;
though
even
at
his
death
,
His
death
.
he
signified
his
martiall
humour
,
and
the
passion
he
yee
had
,
to
further
mischief
;
for
he
commanded
,
that
after
his
decease
a
Drum
should
be
made
of
his
skin
,
saying
,
that
his
enemies
would
fly
,
at
the
very
sound
thereof
.
Let
Divines
discourse
upon
these
mysterious
chances
,
where
they
will
finde
work
enough
to
entertaine
themselves
.
The
Hussits
continued
the
warr
,
under
the
orders
of
a
certain
person
called
Procope
,
at
the
very
report
of
whom
,
whole
armies
were
suddainely
terrified
;
yea
,
fourty
thousand
men
,
being
entered
into
Bohemia
,
and
having
taken
some
towns
;
through
a
certain
panick
,
or
phantastical
fright
,
threw
down
their
arms
,
and
betook
themselves
to
their
heels
,
Zisca's
skin
works
miracles
to
save
their
infamous
an
I
cowardly
lives
,
even
before
the
Bohemians
appeared
.
Perhaps
Zisca's
skin
wrought
all
these
miracles
,
and
would
have
merited
a
Temple
,
if
he
had
not
demolished
those
,
which
were
dedicated
to
the
Saints
.
It
is
therefore
no
wonder
,
if
in
this
last
Age
,
there
have
hapned
such
strange
changes
,
proceeding
from
causes
so
little
foreseen
,
or
wholy
contemptible
;
in
regard
that
a
handfull
of
men
at
that
time
,
rendered
themselves
Masters
of
a
Kingdome
,
and
beat
the
forces
of
the
Emperour
,
as
often
as
they
durst
encounter
them
:
besides
that
their
meer
reputation
,
put
their
enemies
to
flight
,
as
much
as
their
arms
,
Athists
,
open
your
eyes
,
&
confess
,
these
changes
proceed
from
an
infinite
power
The
Turks
,
a
barbarous
,
and
despicable
people
,
have
subdued
a
great
part
of
Asia
,
and
destroyed
the
empire
of
Greece
.
Tamberlaine
,
from
a
shepherd
,
Tamberlaine
.
being
become
a
souldier
,
was
the
instrument
,
whereof
God
served
himself
,
to
abate
the
pride
,
of
that
great
Emperour
Bajazet
.
These
are
revolutions
,
the
reasons
whereof
are
not
discovered
to
man
.
It
is
lawfull
to
seek
the
causes
of
them
by
probable
conjectures
;
but
not
to
pronounce
a
definitive
sentence
,
or
conclusion
upon
them
.
I
was
willing
to
relate
a
part
of
this
History
,
because
I
find
therein
,
a
great
similitude
or
resemblance
,
with
that
of
our
Age
,
as
well
in
order
to
Causes
,
and
effects
(
though
not
successes
)
for
a
proof
,
of
this
instability
,
of
the
things
of
this
world
.
CHAP.
II.
The
Bohemians
arme
,
and
why
?
All
the
Princes
interest
themselves
in
this
Warr.
Ferdinand
chosen
Emperour
.
NOtwithstanding
the
licence
granted
to
the
Bohemians
,
by
the
Fathers
of
the
Councell
of
Basill
,
to
receive
their
Communion
under
two
Forms
,
or
Species
;
there
ceased
not
still
,
to
be
Factions
amongst
them
,
against
the
authority
of
the
Pope
,
and
favour
to
such
as
oppugned
it
.
Now
,
because
the
greatest
Rivers
draw
their
Origin
,
for
the
most
part
,
from
some
small
,
abstruse
,
and
unknown
springs
;
just
so
,
this
deplorable
war
of
Bohemia
,
which
being
once
kindled
,
and
diffused
,
in
that
Kingdome
,
grew
to
skatter
,
and
sly
up
and
down
like
wilde
fire
,
throughout
all
Europ
,
and
is
not
extinguished
even
yet
,
began
at
first
,
from
so
contemptible
a
spark
,
as
might
have
been
quenched
by
one
single
tear
,
had
it
but
chanced
to
fall
right
upon
it
;
But
it
must
needs
draw
deluges
of
blood
,
and
general
destruction
of
Christendom
.
Where
Sins
are
great
,
Repentance
must
be
proportionable
.
And
why
?
In
the
year
1616
,
the
Hussits
layd
the
foundations
of
a
Church
,
at
Brunaw
:
The
Abbor
,
who
was
Lord
of
the
Place
,
opposed
them
,
and
complained
to
the
Emperour
Mathias
;
who
commanded
the
Magistrates
to
appear
before
him
,
and
to
suspend
the
building
,
till
the
Cause
were
decided
;
but
in
vain
,
for
the
Church
went
on
,
and
was
finished
,
without
answer
;
as
if
it
had
suffised
,
that
it
pleased
them
,
who
loved
novelty
,
to
build
it
.
Whilest
this
passed
,
Mathias
,
finding
himself
without
issue
;
by
the
consent
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
adopted
his
Cousin
Ferdinand
,
and
Crowned
him
King
of
Bohemia
,
with
the
general
applause
of
the
Bohemians
.
Which
done
,
it
was
shewed
to
the
abovesaid
Hussits
,
that
the
States
onely
had
power
,
and
authority
to
build
Churches
;
and
so
they
were
all
condemned
;
and
such
as
presumed
to
resist
,
imprisoned
,
and
their
Church
demolished
.
And
this
was
the
first
motive
of
this
war
;
and
this
the
leaven
,
which
hidden
,
for
two
years
together
,
under
the
Past
of
ambition
,
of
the
chief
of
that
Kingdom
,
made
it
rise
,
and
sharpen
so
much
,
as
that
there
was
nothing
expected
,
but
onely
the
hour
to
put
it
in
the
oven
.
The
Lutherans
Jubily
.
The
year
following
,
the
Lutherans
by
way
of
a
generall
thanks
giving
to
God
,
for
having
already
preserved
their
Religion
the
space
of
an
hundred
yeares
,
made
a
Iubily
;
as
they
also
did
some
Leagues
,
amongst
themselves
at
Heilbron
,
against
the
Roman
Catholicks
,
which
proved
advantageous
to
the
Bohernians
,
as
seeming
(
as
it
were
)
to
give
them
the
Signe
,
or
Watch-word
,
to
which
all
their
humours
were
disposed
and
prepared
:
for
in
regard
that
after
so
many
Books
composed
,
and
so
many
Disputes
held
,
there
could
be
no
Accord
made
,
in
matter
of
Religion
;
there
seemed
a
necessity
,
to
try
the
strength
of
their
Arms
,
All
tends
to
Warre
.
and
come
from
words
to
blowes
.
The
demolition
of
the
aforesaid
Church
,
was
of
hard
digestion
to
the
Hussits
,
and
so
it
caused
murmurations
,
Monopolies
,
or
private
Conspiracies
:
and
in
fine
,
open
seditions
.
The
Emperour
being
busie
,
about
the
Coronation
of
his
Cousin
,
caused
his
Embassadours
to
rebuke
the
priucipall
of
them
;
as
namely
,
the
President
Slauata
,
Iarislae
Bazite
,
and
Philip
Platore
;
who
,
without
the
knowledge
or
consent
of
his
Imperial
Majesty
,
had
convocated
such
an
Assembly
.
But
they
having
(
having
by-like
forgotten
the
rank
and
quality
they
held
,
or
else
desiring
warre
)
fell
upon
these
persons
,
who
were
sacred
by
their
Commissions
,
tumbled
them
down
from
the
top
of
a
Tower
through
the
windowes
,
expelled
the
Iesuits
,
dismissed
the
Kings
Officers
from
their
charges
(
which
was
to
attack
both
Church
,
and
State
)
and
took
up
arms
,
against
all
such
,
as
should
endeavour
to
impugne
this
insolent
kind
of
proceeding
.
The
Emperour
labouring
,
both
by
Letters
,
and
fair
Propositions
to
remedy
these
disorders
,
was
already
gone
very
farre
in
it
,
and
it
is
likely
would
have
accomplished
it
,
had
not
the
despaire
of
some
,
withdrawne
the
most
moderate
persons
amongst
them
,
from
continuing
the
Work
.
But
in
the
interim
,
De●th
of
the
Emperour
Mathias
.
the
Emperour
died
,
leaving
it
to
Ferdinand
,
to
untangle
this
inrricate
,
and
troublesome
bottome
.
This
Prince
had
worne
the
Imperiall
Crown
about
six
hundred
yeares
;
he
had
sometime
governed
the
Low-countries
,
though
with
small
authority
,
but
as
it
were
only
by
form
,
and
more
in
title
,
then
in
effect
:
He
was
religious
and
gentle
,
and
beloved
by
all
such
,
as
loved
the
peace
and
quiet
of
the
Empyre
.
Ferdinand
elected
limperom
.
Now
the
Electours
met
at
Frankefurt
,
and
chose
Ferdinand
to
bear
the
most
illustrious
,
but
most
painfull
burthen
of
the
whole
Universe
.
And
therefore
let
us
see
him
go
,
weakly
enough
accompanied
,
to
finish
the
War
of
Bohemia
;
the
cause
and
pretexts
whereof
we
have
already
demonstrated
.
The
Bohemians
,
under
the
Counts
,
de
la
Tour
,
and
Mansfield
(
Natural
sonne
to
Count
Ernest
,
so
well
know
in
the
Low-countries
)
raised
very
puissant
Armies
,
contemn
Ferdinands
Remonstrances
,
deprive
him
of
the
Crown
,
as
a
Tyrant
(
For
such
are
all
they
,
whom
powerful
factions
have
a
mind
to
suppresse
)
give
out
,
that
he
was
not
lawfully
Elected
;
and
fortify
themselves
with
Alliances
,
and
succours
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
Pope
,
Italy
,
Spain
,
and
Poland
,
will
not
suffer
Ferdinand
to
perish
;
The
beginning
of
the
warre
.
whereof
he
seemed
to
be
in
imminent
danger
by
this
tempest
,
without
speedy
relief
;
for
his
ship
leakes
on
every
side
,
and
the
wind
of
this
Conjuration
will
infallibly
sink
both
him
,
and
the
Catholick
Religion
with
him
,
if
he
be
abandoned
by
his
Allyes
.
The
Arch-Duke
Albert
sends
him
the
Count
de
Bucquoy
,
attended
by
the
flower
of
the
Walloon
,
and
Luxemburgh
Gentry
.
Of
Bohemia
.
The
Bohemians
,
though
amazed
to
see
so
many
potent
States
interest
themselves
in
the
preservation
of
Ferdinand
,
lose
not
their
courage
,
and
resolve
to
adde
politick
craft
,
The
Wectour
Pal●time
chosen
by
the
States
of
Bohemia
.
to
open
force
.
They
draw
to
their
party
the
Silesians
,
and
Moravians
,
keep
their
Intelligences
in
Austria
,
and
all
Germany
;
present
the
Crown
to
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
and
then
to
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
though
with
visible
dissimulation
,
and
refusable
conditions
;
and
last
of
all
,
to
Frederick
Prince
Palatine
,
who
by
the
advice
of
some
Lords
(
who
yet
basely
deserted
him
afterwards
)
accepted
it
.
Since
he
had
married
the
Daughter
of
a
King
,
he
might
very
take
a
Crown
,
which
was
so
freely
offered
him
,
and
so
he
was
Crowned
,
with
his
Sonne
,
at
Prague
.
CHAP.
III.
The
prosecution
of
the
War
of
Bohemia
.
The
battail
of
Prague
.
Frederick
flyes
,
and
forsakes
the
Towne
,
together
with
his
People
.
THus
,
we
see
the
Match
made
,
and
the
Game
a
playing
,
between
Ferdinand
,
and
Frederick
,
the
House
of
Austria
,
and
the
Palatin
,
and
the
Christians
divided
.
For
,
almost
all
the
Roman
Catholicks
,
either
in
inclination
,
or
effect
,
espowsed
the
Party
of
Ferdinand
;
and
all
the
Reformates
,
and
the
most
zealous
Lutherans
,
that
of
Frederick
.
These
,
after
their
prayers
to
God
for
the
defence
of
the
Gospel
;
and
those
,
to
the
same
Authour
of
all
good
,
and
to
all
the
Saints
,
for
that
of
the
Church
.
The
King
of
France
was
sollicited
by
both
parties
;
but
he
contented
himself
,
with
sending
thither
the
Duke
of
Angoulesme
,
to
mediate
a
reconciliation
.
Let
us
note
here
,
such
as
declared
themselves
for
King
Frederick
.
The
united
Provinces
of
the
Low-countries
,
by
the
sollicitation
of
Prince
Maurice
,
who
disposed
the
States
to
this
Alliance
,
contrary
to
the
opinion
of
Barnavelds
,
who
wished
them
was
not
to
meddle
at
all
with
it
.
And
it
is
held
,
that
this
opposition
of
Barnaveldts
,
so
greatly
offended
the
Prince
,
that
he
ever
afterwards
,
looked
upon
him
as
his
enemy
;
and
so
at
length
,
it
grew
to
be
partly
,
the
cause
of
his
fall
.
It
is
alwayes
dangerous
to
cheok
the
Grandees
,
and
to
crack
nuts
with
them
.
Christian
,
Duke
of
Anholt
;
John
Frederick
,
Duke
of
Win●●●bergh
;
Maurice
,
Landgrave
of
Hassia
;
John
Ernest
,
Marquis
of
Ansbach
,
and
some
Imperial
Towns
also
;
together
with
the
people
of
England
:
for
the
King
could
never
be
induced
to
help
his
Son
in
Law
,
alleadging
that
he
had
no
right
to
the
Crown
.
For
Ferdinand
,
besides
the
aforementioned
Allyes
,
were
leagued
the
Dukes
of
Saxony
,
and
Bavaria
;
together
with
the
Ecclesiastical
Electours
,
Souldiers
were
listed
every
where
,
and
the
Rendezvous
,
Bohemia
;
the
Theater
of
this
fatall
warre
.
The
principall
Heads
,
were
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
with
Monsieur
de
Tilly
,
his
Lieutenant
Generall
;
the
Count
de
Bucquoy
,
and
Generall
Dampiere
:
On
the
other
side
,
the
Duke
of
Anhok
,
the
Counts
de
la
Tour
,
and
Mansfieldt
.
Now
these
latter
being
sooner
prepared
then
the
other
,
and
having
subjugated
almost
all
Bohemia
;
marched
into
Austria
,
and
besieged
the
Emperour
in
Vienna
.
Bucquoy
hastens
thither
,
routs
Mansfeldt
,
Vienna
besieged
.
Mansfeldt
beaten
.
and
forces
La
Tour
to
raise
the
siege
.
Dampiere
enters
the
City
with
the
Horse
,
intending
to
chastise
the
insolence
of
the
Citizens
towards
the
Emperour
their
Master
,
who
yet
vouchsafed
to
pardon
them
.
The
Count
de
la
Tour
faced
about
,
and
marched
towards
the
Capitall
City
of
the
kingdom
,
to
divert
the
storm
which
threatened
it
.
But
,
in
fine
,
after
some
encounters
favourable
to
the
Emperour
,
and
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
being
entered
with
his
Army
into
Bohemia
,
and
having
reduced
such
as
were
gone
astray
into
the
right
path
of
obedience
:
the
two
Armies
met
,
and
resolved
to
finish
the
disterence
by
a
generall
Battail
,
the
price
and
reward
whereof
,
was
the
kingdom
of
Bohemia
.
Anholt
pitched
his
Camp
upon
the
White
Alountain
near
Prague
,
intrenched
himself
,
and
performed
the
charge
of
a
great
Captain
.
The
Imperialists
,
inflamed
by
the
Remonstrances
,
and
Exhortations
of
Father
Dominick
a
Carmelit
Fryer
,
slighted
the
dangers
and
difficulties
which
there
were
to
come
to
an
Onset
,
in
regard
of
the
situation
.
The
Poles
and
Wallons
began
the
skirmish
,
which
was
followed
by
the
whole
Army
;
and
the
Hungarians
,
not
able
to
sustain
,
Prague
receives
the
Conquerours
;
as
also
all
the
Kingdom
.
or
withstand
their
attack
,
basely
gave
ground
,
and
disturbed
the
Orders
of
the
Generals
,
in
such
sort
,
as
that
the
Camp
being
suddenly
staggered
,
after
the
resistance
of
some
Regiments
,
the
whole
Body
fell
into
confusion
,
and
such
as
could
save
themselves
,
got
into
Prague
.
There
perished
more
by
water
,
then
by
the
sword
;
and
the
terrour
was
so
universall
,
that
there
was
no
other
thought
left
for
the
conquered
,
but
to
flye
towards
Silesia
.
King
Frederick
,
not
daring
to
trust
himself
in
the
Places
of
strength
which
remained
,
nor
yet
to
his
new
Subjects
neither
;
retired
speedily
towards
Breslaw
,
where
,
entring
into
conference
with
the
States
of
the
Countrey
,
and
finding
neither
forces
,
nor
safety
to
stay
there
,
he
put
himself
upon
the
way
towards
Holland
.
This
Generall
Decision
fell
out
upon
the
eight
of
November
1620.
the
very
day
,
upon
which
was
read
the
Gospel
of
Give
Casar
that
which
is
Caesars
;
and
God
,
that
which
is
Gods
.
And
indeed
,
it
was
manifested
by
the
Augures
,
or
Signes
from
heaven
,
to
whom
Godthad
determined
to
give
the
victory
.
The
number
of
the
slain
and
drowned
,
was
very
great
;
as
being
related
by
some
of
the
most
moderate
writers
,
to
have
amounted
to
six
,
or
seven
thousand
.
The
Conquerours
lost
but
very
few
of
theirs
,
but
Count
Godfree
of
Papenhein●
was
found
lying
amongst
the
dead
,
so
extremely
wounded
,
that
he
could
hardly
declare
his
own
name
.
But
his
hour
was
not
yet
come
,
as
being
reserved
for
exploits
,
which
were
to
fill
the
whole
distent
of
the
world
,
with
his
glory
.
The
number
of
the
prisoners
was
not
equall
,
to
that
of
the
dead
;
the
City
being
near
enough
,
for
the
retreat
of
such
,
as
were
timely
spurred
on
by
fear
.
Prague
,
being
abandoned
by
the
principall
Heads
of
the
Party
,
remained
the
price
of
the
Victory
.
The
nest
was
there
,
but
the
Birds
flowne
.
The
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
after
this
Master-blow
,
retired
himself
to
Mun●●ken
,
leaving
the
Command
of
his
Army
to
Monsieur
de
Tilly
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Businesse
,
to
the
Conquerours
,
who
quickly
brought
all
the
Places
of
the
kingdome
,
to
the
Emperours
obedience
.
One
,
and
the
same
cause
,
often
produces
very
different
Effects
.
The
Bohemians
,
being
of
the
race
of
them
,
who
had
defeated
so
many
Armies
,
not
only
with
the
sword
,
but
even
with
the
very
noyse
of
their
names
;
fighting
now
for
the
same
Cause
,
and
upon
the
same
pretexts
,
obtained
not
the
same
good
issue
.
It
is
true
,
that
those
others
,
had
to
do
with
people
,
who
,
in
respect
they
had
lived
long
idle
in
peace
,
had
not
any
knowledge
,
or
understanding
of
armes
:
and
these
here
,
with
men
,
who
came
out
of
a
School
,
where
Mars
praesided
;
where
the
best
Lessons
were
taught
:
and
where
experience
,
had
made
them
Captaines
,
Let
us
now
return
into
France
.
CHAP.
IV.
Warres
against
the
Hugenots
,
and
why
?
A
new
difference
,
between
the
House
of
Austria
,
and
the
Venetians
.
THe
Hugenots
,
not
being
able
to
digest
the
reduction
of
Bearne
,
which
was
performed
more
by
the
venerable
luster
of
the
Kings
Majesty
,
then
by
that
of
the
sword
,
which
remained
unsheathed
;
and
fearing
to
be
one
day
overwhelmed
,
by
his
good
successes
,
through
the
instigation
of
their
good
friends
the
Jesuits
;
discovered
their
distrust
,
A
second
warre
against
the
Hugenots
.
by
Assemblies
in
divers
parts
of
the
kingdom
;
and
last
of
all
at
Rochell
,
where
all
the
Churches
met
,
to
consult
,
and
provide
for
their
Businesse
.
The
King
being
informed
,
that
this
Generall
Convocation
of
theirs
without
his
knowledge
,
and
permission
,
too
visibly
checked
his
Authority
;
that
that
which
he
had
granted
them
at
Londun
,
proved
prejudicial
to
him
,
and
that
it
was
to
his
Grace
,
and
not
to
Arms
,
that
they
were
to
have
recourse
;
gave
them
to
understand
his
Royall
Will
;
which
was
,
that
they
should
separate
themselves
within
a
few
dayes
,
under
pain
of
the
crime
of
High
Treason
:
But
in
vain
;
They
whose
courages
are
so
inflamed
,
by
the
clattering
of
Arms
,
as
to
hold
it
for
pleasant
musick
,
are
not
to
be
terrified
by
threats
.
They
send
their
Deputies
to
Paris
,
to
make
protestation
of
their
fidelity
,
and
excuse
the
necessity
of
their
affaires
.
But
,
the
King
required
nothing
but
obedience
,
and
so
he
advanced
his
Troops
towards
Saumur
,
which
was
delivered
him
up
by
Monsieur
de
Plessis
.
Saint
Iohn
d'
Angeli
,
after
having
suffered
some
Attacks
,
implores
the
Kings
pardon
,
Benjamin
Duke
of
Soubise
comes
,
and
casts
himself
at
his
Royall
feet
,
and
promises
him
,
to
wear
his
sword
no
more
,
against
his
service
,
though
afterwards
he
quickly
forget
that
promise
.
The
Walls
were
demolished
,
upon
which
the
choler
of
Lewis
the
just
was
stopped
;
and
his
elemencie
extended
,
upon
the
Inhabitants
.
This
good
successe
made
him
resolve
,
to
march
into
Gascony
,
nor
did
a
whit
disanimate
the
Gascons
,
who
had
determined
on
the
other
side
,
to
sell
their
liberty
at
as
dear
a
rate
as
they
could
.
Many
Townes
were
constrained
,
to
humble
themselves
,
to
the
victorious
Arms
of
their
Prince
.
The
women
were
often
seen
,
most
desperately
fighting
upon
the
Breach
of
the
Walls
;
and
really
,
if
the
chief
of
the
Party
had
shewed
as
much
stability
,
as
the
Common
people
did
zeal
;
the
prize
had
not
been
gotten
so
good
cheap
,
nor
their
Republick
(
the
foundations
whereof
they
were
suspected
to
have
already
laid
)
so
easily
destroyed
.
The
prosperity
of
this
vertuous
Prince
,
together
with
the
promptitude
he
used
to
surprise
the
Hugenots
,
before
they
could
have
meanes
to
put
any
considerable
forces
into
the
Field
,
facilitated
to
him
,
that
which
could
not
be
denied
to
his
justice
;
and
since
hath
declared
that
his
will
was
,
to
command
his
Townes
,
and
not
the
consciences
of
his
People
;
for
the
Hugenots
who
put
all
their
confidence
,
and
security
,
in
the
fortifications
of
theirs
,
were
at
length
constrained
,
to
rely
only
upon
his
Royall
Word
.
His
exploits
,
against
his
Subjects
of
the
Reformed
Religion
,
are
amply
described
by
many
Authours
,
and
therefore
it
suffices
me
,
to
take
notice
only
,
of
the
course
,
or
Current
of
them
,
insert
the
misfortunes
;
briefly
follow
my
way
,
and
return
with
him
to
Paris
;
there
to
hear
his
victories
sung
by
the
one
,
and
see
the
displeasure
done
,
to
the
other
.
The
siege
of
Montaubanc
.
The
liedge
which
was
laid
before
Montaubanc
(
a
Town
of
superlative
strength
)
at
the
beginning
of
Autumne
,
was
raised
,
by
the
great
resistance
of
the
Besieged
,
seconded
by
continuall
raine
,
and
diseases
,
which
much
afflicted
,
and
diminished
the
Kings
Army
:
not
without
the
losse
of
many
brave
men
;
The
Dake
of
Mayenne
killed
.
as
the
Constable
de
Luynes
,
and
the
Duke
of
Mayenne
,
who
was
lamented
most
of
all
Now
these
two
Lords
,
who
had
most
excellently
acted
their
parts
upon
the
Stage
,
or
Theater
of
France
,
and
danced
a
Gig
&
Round
most
different
in
cadency
to
one
another
;
as
they
were
of
a
very
contrary
humour
,
so
had
they
likewise
a
very
distinct
death
.
And
in
regard
that
all
the
most
tragical
,
and
most
memorable
accidents
which
happened
,
are
found
annexed
to
their
lives
,
we
will
succinctly
passe
through
them
.
The
Castle
of
Amboise
gave
the
beginning
,
and
the
Birds
laid
the
foundation
of
the
fortune
of
Monsieur
de
Luynes
.
Reletion
of
the
life
of
the
Constalle
Luynes
.
His
credit
glittered
,
by
the
death
of
the
Marquis
d'
Ancre
,
and
by
the
return
of
the
Princes
leagued
against
the
said
Marquis
;
and
his
greatness
,
by
that
,
of
the
unfortunate
wife
,
that
unhappy
Favorite
,
whose
Possessions
and
Goods
were
liberally
bestowed
upon
him
,
The
death
of
the
Marquis
d'
Ancre
.
by
the
King
.
He
was
killed
by
his
Majesties
command
,
and
by
the
counsell
of
this
new
Minister
,
just
as
he
was
entring
into
the
Loüure
;
and
his
Body
torne
in
pieces
,
by
a
people
,
which
thought
it self
going
into
a
Golden
Age
,
after
this
Execution
.
And
his
Wife
.
His
wife
,
who
had
been
the
companion
of
his
Greatnesse
,
was
likewise
to
be
so
,
of
his
disaster
and
fall
.
She
was
cast
in
prison
,
and
notwithstanding
she
baffled
,
and
eluded
the
vanity
of
the
witnesses
,
who
accused
her
of
magick
,
or
witchcraft
;
she
was
neverthelesse
condemned
to
suffer
a
shamefull
death
,
upon
the
Market-place
of
Greve
.
Her
Exccution
caused
pitty
,
in
the
soules
of
some
;
contentment
in
others
,
and
amazement
to
strangers
,
the
eyes
of
whose
understandings
were
not
dazled
,
by
the
clowds
of
passion
.
For
it
was
a
strange
thing
,
to
set
a
Lady
,
upon
a
base
and
infamousscaffold
,
who
had
been
but
a
little
before
,
with
so
much
power
and
greatnesse
,
at
the
Court
.
Ah
false
,
and
treacherous
Fortune
!
How
much
gall
dost
thou
hide
,
under
thy
honey
?
and
how
many
treacheries
,
under
thy
favours
?
No
marvel
,
if
thou
destroy
,
what
thou
hast
made
,
since
thou
overturnest
even
Kings
,
and
Kingdomes
themselves
,
which
had
taken
their
foundations
,
from
the
hands
of
the
Almighty
himself
.
This
tragical
Beginning
being
brought
to
his
desired
issue
,
Luynes
counselled
the
King
,
to
banish
his
Mother
from
the
Court
,
whom
he
knew
to
be
in
implacable
indignation
against
him
.
Her
Exile
(
which
was
taken
for
a
Retreat
)
the
advancement
of
his
two
Brothers
,
companions
of
his
fortune
,
and
the
total
and
entire
disposal
,
of
the
favour
,
of
the
good
King
;
cast
him
into
the
hatred
of
the
people
,
which
he
could
not
faile
to
inherit
,
as
well
as
of
the
Queen
;
and
into
the
aversion
of
the
Princes
,
who
took
his
government
for
a
pretext
,
of
their
discontentments
,
and
for
a
cloak
,
to
disguise
their
interests
.
From
the
quality
of
an
ordinary
Gentleman
,
he
rid
Post
(
as
it
were
)
to
honours
,
and
was
created
Earl
,
and
Viceroy
of
Picardy
,
Duke
,
and
Peer
of
France
;
and
within
a
very
short
time
after
,
Constable
.
In
fine
,
all
smiled
upon
him
;
every
one
adored
this
Golden
Calfe
;
yea
,
even
they
,
who
if
they
could
have
gotten
him
in
their
power
,
would
have
crushed
,
and
shivered
him
to
pieces
.
To
secure
himself
from
the
Queen-Mother
,
he
procured
the
deliverance
of
the
Prince
of
Conde
:
but
common
necessity
,
obstructed
the
course
of
his
greatness
,
though
it
hardly
extinguished
the
hatred
,
which
all
the
French
bore
him
,
and
left
him
but
two
friends
,
who
caused
his
miserable
Body
to
be
secretly
interred
,
for
fear
,
lest
be
should
receive
the
same
treatment
of
him
,
whose
place
he
had
taken
.
O
short
felicity
!
full
of
troubles
,
disquiets
,
cares
,
and
vexatious
apprehensions
!
O
vain
Glory
!
so
much
hunted
after
,
so
much
envied
,
and
so
dearly
and
painfully
bought
?
how
deceitful
is
thy
end
?
O
vain
Honours
!
How
are
you
steeped
,
and
drenched
in
gall
?
And
how
different
from
those
,
which
are
prepared
by
Eternity
for
us
?
On
the
other
side
,
Prince
Henry
was
beloved
,
almost
throughout
all
France
,
as
well
for
his
great
vertue
,
as
for
the
open
hatred
he
carried
to
the
Constable
;
ended
his
dayes
upon
the
bed
of
honour
,
before
Montanban
,
for
the
Catholick
Faith
,
and
for
the
restauration
of
the
Authority
of
his
King
,
and
the
whole
Kingdom
.
His
life
.
He
was
son
to
the
deceased
Duke
of
Mayenne
,
so
well
known
,
in
the
History
of
the
precedent
Age
;
to
whom
France
had
this
obligation
,
that
she
was
not
dismembred
,
and
crippled
,
during
the
fury
of
the
cruell
Warres
.
Whilest
he
courted
the
Widow
of
the
Count
de
Soissons
,
she
moved
both
him
,
and
the
Duke
of
Nevers
,
1614.
to
this
pernicious
Warre
;
to
whom
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
and
the
busie
Duke
of
Boü●●lon
joyned
themselves
also
;
which
kindled
by
some
certain
Princess
,
who
respired
nothing
but
vengeance
,
and
terminated
,
by
the
prudence
of
that
most
wise
Queen
,
at
Saint
Menehout
.
He
retired
from
the
Court
,
for
the
hatred
he
bore
to
the
Constable
,
and
followed
the
party
of
the
Queen-Mother
,
1620.
together
with
other
Princes
:
in
regard
of
the
ill
treatment
she
received
.
His
choler
caused
him
to
commit
a
great
fault
,
before
Moissac
in
Quercy
,
whereof
the
of
a
frank
,
and
open
humour
,
without
dissimulation
;
such
as
is
fit
for
a
Prince
,
and
not
for
a
Courtier
.
He
was
also
free
to
speak
,
and
deliver
his
opinion
,
and
very
courteovs
to
his
inferiours
;
much
more
intense
,
upon
the
ruine
of
the
Hugenot
Party
,
then
upon
prolonging
the
Warre
,
as
many
have
done
,
for
their
own
proper
interest
.
In
fine
,
a
Bullet
sent
him
to
his
grave
,
put
the
Army
in
disorder
,
France
into
mourning
,
The
mourning
of
all
France
for
his
death
.
an
end
to
so
many
brave
exploits
,
which
which
will
cause
him
to
be
eternally
hurt
,
to
the
siege
of
Montaubane
,
and
to
the
fear
of
the
Hugenots
,
who
called
him
the
great
Butcher
:
and
the
tears
interrupted
by
sobbes
,
expressed
the
true
love
,
which
all
the
Orders
of
France
really
bore
him
;
and
which
was
besides
,
most
amply
decleared
,
by
the
elegant
Orations
made
at
his
Funerall
.
The
newes
of
his
death
being
divulged
at
Paris
,
so
much
moved
the
Common-people
,
that
they
cast
themselves
upon
the
Reformates
,
and
fired
the
Church
of
Charenton
,
yea
,
and
the
mischief
had
yet
gone
further
,
had
it
not
been
prevented
,
and
stopped
,
by
the
Queens
,
and
the
Lords
of
the
Parliament
.
Some
dayes
after
,
the
Pontan
Change
(
in
English
,
the
Exchange
Bridge
)
and
the
Pont
des
Orfebures
,
(
in
English
,
Goldsmiths
Bridge
)
were
likewise
set
on
fire
,
with
inestimable
loss
;
for
which
the
Reformats
were
much
suspected
by
their
enemies
,
thereby
to
revenge
themselves
of
the
affronts
which
had
been
done
them
;
for
vengeance
is
sweet
.
But
much
more
diligence
was
used
,
to
finde
out
the
riches
,
which
was
fallen
into
the
River
,
then
the
cause
of
two
such
disasters
.
However
it
be
,
the
Warre
grew
hot
the
next
year
after
,
and
the
King
made
himself
Master
of
the
Isles
St.
Martin
,
d'Oleron
,
and
Bronage
.
After
some
small
victories
gotten
upon
the
Duke
of
Rohan
,
and
his
Brother
,
The
Peace
made
at
Montpeillier
.
1622.
A
Tumult
at
Paris
against
them
of
the
Religion
.
The
Peace
made
.
the
Peace
was
concluded
at
Montpeillier
;
by
which
the
said
Towne
(
more
by
force
,
then
by
inclination
)
returned
to
her
duty
;
and
all
the
party
,
which
had
been
attacked
by
many
Armies
throughout
all
the
Provinces
,
after
frequent
losses
,
began
to
respire
,
and
shewed
,
that
it
was
no
more
invincible
.
This
Peace
separated
the
Navies
,
hindered
the
Duke
of
Guise
,
from
prevailing
upon
his
advantage
;
and
the
Fort
Lewis
built
upon
the
Haven
of
Rochelle
,
gave
subject
to
renew
the
War
,
as
we
shall
hereafter
shew
.
The
Venetians
,
to
procure
reparation
of
the
dammages
received
from
the
Croats
,
1617.
in
the
year
1617.
found
themselves
obliged
to
arme
,
against
the
House
of
Austria
.
And
they
entered
by
force
into
the
Territories
of
the
Arch-Duke
Ferdinand
,
The
Venetians
against
the
House
of
Austria
.
from
whence
they
were
repulsed
.
Then
,
they
made
an
Allyance
with
the
Vnited
Provinces
,
and
received
succour
from
them
,
under
the
conduct
of
Count
Iohn
of
Nasseaw
:
But
both
parties
,
having
had
experience
of
the
mutable
lot
of
Armes
,
they
returned
into
their
former
good
intelligence
.
At
the
same
time
the
Warre
began
again
,
between
the
King
of
Spaine
,
and
the
Duke
of
Savoy
.
Vercelly
was
taken
by
the
Spaniards
;
and
the
Savoyers
entred
into
the
Dutchy
of
Milan
.
But
this
Difference
was
quickly
appeased
,
by
the
intercestion
of
the
Pope
,
and
the
King
of
France
.
When
Fortune
is
equall
,
and
humours
capable
of
reason
,
Peace
is
quickly
made
.
Let
us
go
now
to
Vienna
.
CHAP.
V.
The
wars
of
Austria
,
Lusatia
,
Moravia
,
and
the
Palatinat
.
WE
left
Ferdinand
,
ill
enough
accompanied
on
his
way
to
Frankfurt
,
and
the
Landgrave
,
William
of
Darmstadt
came
to
meet
him
,
and
conducted
him
into
the
Town
,
where
he
was
received
,
and
saluted
Emperour
;
though
he
easily
marked
a
sufficient
aversion
in
that
people
,
from
the
Princes
of
his
family
.
What
cannot
Religion
effect
,
upon
weak
,
and
ill-informed
mindes
?
It
begets
a
blind
zeal
,
which
being
grown
big
,
produces
as
much
mischief
as
it
can
possibly
effect
;
and
hearkening
to
nothing
but
Passion
,
thinks
it
does
well
,
whilest
it
does
ill
.
Whilest
the
Emperour
was
detained
by
the
reception
of
these
honours
,
they
of
his
Party
were
in
daily
action
with
their
enemies
,
and
that
often
with
advantage
;
But
this
war
was
terminated
the
year
following
,
1620
,
by
the
Battel
of
Pragne
.
A
notable
observation
,
that
one
onely
Battel
purchased
the
Conquerours
a
whole
Kingdom
.
The
War
of
Austria
.
Austria
was
also
exercised
,
by
a
revolt
no
lesse
dangerous
,
then
that
of
Bohemia
;
chiefly
,
because
it
chanced
at
the
same
time
,
and
for
that
it
deprived
Ferdinand
of
all
safe
retreat
.
The
leagued
Mutincers
took
arms
upon
this
captious
pretext
;
That
the
Archduke
Albert
was
their
Lord
,
and
not
the
said
Ferdinand
.
How
bad
soever
the
Cause
be
which
the
Lawyer
pleades
,
he
forbeares
not
yet
to
speak
alond
.
He
on
the
other
side
alledged
the
donation
made
him
by
Albert
,
inviting
them
to
renounce
the
League
,
and
pay
him
the
Oath
of
fidelity
;
which
they
refusing
,
he
proclaimed
them
out-laws
,
and
gave
the
execution
of
the
Proscription
to
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
who
reduced
them
to
reason
,
time
enough
to
come
to
succour
the
Count
of
Bucquoy
.
Lusatia
,
depending
upon
the
Kingdom
of
Bohemia
,
was
the
allyance
,
and
must
needs
,
for
sooth
,
have
her
finger
in
the
Pye
.
This
Province
was
recommended
,
to
the
Electour
of
Saxonie
;
who
choosing
rather
to
proceed
by
way
of
accommodation
,
then
presently
to
fly
to
extremities
,
made
the
States
acquainted
with
his
Commission
;
shewed
then
the
danger
of
persisting
in
obstinacy
;
and
would
have
certainly
have
perswaded
them
,
had
not
the
Marquis
of
Lagerendorp
broken
the
negotiation
by
force
of
arms
,
and
brought
the
Negotiatours
away
prisoners
.
This
impertinent
action
much
displeased
the
Electour
;
who
finding
that
they
had
violated
the
Law
of
Nations
,
resolved
to
tamper
no
more
with
them
.
Baudissa
burneth
.
The
Town
of
Baudissa
,
first
felt
his
cholar
,
and
the
violence
of
his
arms
,
which
after
she
was
almost
wholly
reduced
to
ashes
,
at
length
yeelded
her self
up
;
and
all
the
rest
followed
her
example
.
This
exploit
made
the
Duke
of
Saxonie
very
odious
,
to
the
Protestant
Party
;
but
,
the
Emperour
,
for
recompence
of
his
services
,
and
to
keep
him
fast
in
his
friendship
,
made
him
a
present
of
both
the
Lusatia's
.
It
is
impossible
to
please
all
,
and
especially
two
contrary
Parties
,
filled
with
acrimony
,
and
hatred
,
through
the
zenl
of
Religion
.
Austria
,
Bohemia
,
and
the
two
Lusatia's
,
were
no
sooner
under
obedience
,
then
there
was
a
necessity
to
turn
the
sword
another
way
;
as
namely
,
to
Moravia
;
Moravia
.
which
was
undertaken
and
quickly
accomplished
by
Bucquoy
.
Favour
wheels
about
with
Fortune
,
and
Envy
lies
in
wait
for
it
.
The
town
of
Iglaw
forthwith
stooped
;
Swaim
followed
,
and
Generall
Spet
,
being
returned
to
his
duty
,
brought
all
the
other
Towns
also
(
partly
by
force
,
and
partly
by
inclination
)
to
theirs
;
and
to
that
warr
which
seemed
by
the
animosities
thereof
,
as
if
it
would
have
lasted
whole
ages
,
was
ended
,
for
some
time
in
all
those
Provinces
.
The
Silesians
,
The
Silesians
make
peace
.
fearing
the
victorious
Duke
of
Saxonie
,
who
added
threats
to
reasons
,
and
had
already
lifted
up
his
hand
to
strike
,
chose
rather
to
hearken
to
a
friendly
Composition
,
then
run
the
hazard
of
being
forced
to
it
,
to
the
ruine
,
both
of
their
Country
and
Priviledges
:
and
consequently
,
they
sent
their
Embassadours
to
Dresden
,
where
the
Peace
was
concluded
,
all
forgotten
,
and
all
pardoned
,
upon
condition
,
that
they
should
pay
three
millions
of
money
,
and
renounce
the
aforesaid
allyances
:
whereupon
they
took
the
Oath
of
Fidelity
to
their
Master
;
and
he
granted
them
free
exercise
of
their
Religion
.
Let
us
step
back
to
wards
the
Palatinat
.
The
war
of
the
house
of
Austria
The
House
of
Austria
,
not
content
with
having
extinguished
the
fire
at
home
,
carried
it
into
the
Territories
of
the
Prince
Palatine
.
Now
the
Princes
of
that
great
Union
;
to
wit
,
the
Marquis
of
Anopach
,
the
Landgrave
Maurice
of
Hassia
,
the
Marquis
of
Dourlarch
,
the
Duke
of
Wirtembergh
,
and
some
Imperiall
Townes
,
had
contracted
great
forces
,
for
the
defence
of
the
Pala●inat
.
It
is
most
facile
,
to
re-kindle
new
quenched
firebrands
,
put
together
by
meanes
of
the
heat
,
which
remaines
in
them
some
hours
after
.
Spinola
went
to
second
them
,
and
Prince
Henry
Frederick
,
who
was
sent
by
Prince
Manrice
,
with
a
Renfort
or
Supply
of
some
Horse
;
not
finding
a
perfect
harmony
amongst
them
,
nor
being
able
to
put
such
an
one
as
was
needfull
,
retyred
himself
into
Holand
,
leaving
the
Peace
to
be
treated
by
those
Princes
;
after
they
had
basely
suffered
almostrall
the
Country
to
be
taken
by
the
Spaniards
:
Vpon
which
the
Spaniards
seized
.
And
so
,
this
great
and
needlesse
stir
,
vanished
into
smoak
,
and
melted
,
like
a
great
Colosse
,
or
Pillar
of
snow
,
before
the
Sun-beams
;
for
the
Principall
Heads
,
having
promised
not
to
assist
the
Palatine
,
either
with
men
,
or
money
,
betook
themselves
to
rest
,
after
they
had
finished
so
fine
a
Master-piece
as
this
,
which
merits
,
to
be
inserted
in
Commentaries
;
namely
,
that
Spinola
,
with
an
army
of
eighteen
thousand
men
,
went
and
took
a
Province
which
was
guarded
by
thirty
thousand
,
and
many
Princes
besides
.
Dis-united
strength
is
easily
broken
.
Some
Heads
of
the
Hughenot
Party
,
endeavoured
to
represent
to
the
King
the
interest
he
had
,
to
hunder
the
progresse
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
upon
his
Allyes
,
their
brethren
;
but
in
vain
;
he
well
enough
remembring
the
succour
formerly
sent
them
from
thence
,
which
failing
them
now
,
disabled
them
from
resisting
,
against
his
triumphant
Arms.
Let
us
now
see
,
what
the
Hung
arians
did
,
whilest
these
Tragidies
were
a
playing
.
They
are
Neighbours
to
the
Germans
,
and
have
the
Crosse
on
the
side
,
and
the
Half-Moone
,
on
the
other
.
CHAP.
VI.
The
warre
of
Transylvama
.
The
King
of
Poland
treacherously
wounded
.
Warre
between
the
Poles
,
and
the
Turks
.
BEthlem
Gabor
,
having
made
an
allyance
with
Frederick
,
and
seeing
Ferdinands
forces
employed
in
Bohemia
,
began
to
consider
,
not
onely
of
making
a
powerfull
diversion
,
but
also
of
winning
a
Crown
,
We
have
Ambition
,
and
we
shall
also
quickly
find
Religion
.
He
raised
a
great
Army
,
under
very
abstense
,
and
farre-fetch'd
pretexts
,
thereby
to
puzzle
,
and
baffle
such
as
had
power
to
resist
him
.
This
man
,
for
a
fine
beginning
,
oppressed
Gabriel
Batorius
his
Lord
,
by
the
assistance
of
the
Turk
;
and
so
being
grown
Master
of
Transylvania
,
and
propped
by
the
Ottomans
,
he
possessed
it
,
in
the
quality
of
Prince
thereof
.
He
made
a
League
with
the
Archdukes
;
but
seeing
them
entangled
in
dangerous
Wars
,
he
pricked
up
his
ears
,
and
raised
a
potent
Army
,
to
seize
upon
the
Kingdom
of
Hungarie
.
Convenience
moves
men
to
break
ally
ances
,
as
well
as
necessity
;
and
good
successe
covers
the
injustice
of
the
Cause
;
or
at
least
,
urges
the
doubt
,
that
if
Right
be
to
be
violated
,
it
ought
to
be
onely
to
winne
a
Crown
.
War
of
Transylvania
.
In
fine
,
he
secretly
armed
,
took
occasion
by
the
fore-lock
,
and
cloathed
the
Lyon
,
with
a
foxes
skin
.
He
got
possession
of
Cassovia
,
before
the
people
thought
themselves
in
danger
.
They
,
whose
affections
he
enjoyed
,
were
discovered
by
their
Religion
:
The
Romane
Catholicks
,
and
such
others
also
,
as
had
any
resentment
of
their
duty
,
being
frighted
,
some
armed
,
Gaber
takes
Posen
.
and
others
fled
.
He
took
Posen
,
under
the
title
of
Prince
of
Hungarie
;
marched
to
Vienna
,
and
joyned
with
the
Confederates
to
besiege
the
Town
.
But
the
Polanders
,
having
defeated
his
Troops
,
which
remained
in
Hungarie
,
Is
declared
King
of
Hungarie
.
made
him
return
,
and
mould
his
businesse
after
another
form
;
so
much
did
he
stand
in
awe
of
the
King
of
Poland
:
though
he
went
backwards
,
onely
to
leap
the
better
:
For
he
obtained
a
Truce
,
which
he
quickly
brake
,
proclaimed
himself
King
by
them
of
his
Caball
,
entered
again
into
Austria
,
and
if
Fortune
had
not
turned
her
back
upon
the
Confederates
in
Bohemia
,
it
is
very
likely
,
he
might
fully
have
accomplished
all
his
pretentions
,
and
ruined
the
said
House
of
Austria
it self
.
There
is
something
wanting
,
we
rise
,
either
too
early
,
or
too
late
.
The
Emperour
was
shut
up
in
the
Town
,
and
constrained
both
to
hear
,
and
suffer
the
insolency
of
some
seditions
Citizens
,
which
was
repressed
by
the
Count
of
Dampiere
,
who
departed
not
long
after
towards
Posen
,
with
intention
to
surprize
it
;
but
he
was
killed
by
a
Musket
bullet
.
Dampiete
killed
.
He
was
by
birth
a
Lorrain
;
had
done
the
Emperour
many
most
considerable
services
,
and
was
much
deplored
,
by
the
whole
Patty
.
Bethlem
finding
this
thorn
out
of
his
foot
,
and
having
bought
the
amity
of
the
Turk
with
money
,
brake
the
Truce
,
but
his
Letters
,
by
which
he
invited
the
Tartars
,
and
wherein
he
gave
them
testimonies
of
what
services
he
would
perform
to
the
Grand
Signior
,
at
the
cost
of
the
Empire
,
and
all
Christendome
,
by
allying
himself
with
the
Turk
,
being
intercepted
;
he
disobleiged
the
prime
Lords
of
Hungarie
,
who
cast
themselves
into
the
Emperours
armes
,
and
fell
upon
Gabors
forces
,
and
handled
them
almost
as
ill
,
as
the
Polanders
had
done
the
year
before
.
The
Count
de
Bucquoy
in
Hungarie
.
Hereupon
the
Count
de
Bucquoy
entered
into
Hungarie
,
took
many
Townes
,
and
amongst
others
,
Posen
it self
:
and
the
Tartars
,
coming
to
relieve
Gabor
,
were
cut
in
pieces
,
by
the
Poses
,
under
the
command
of
that
great
Captain
,
Cotqueviets
.
The
Emperour
had
run
great
hazard
of
loosing
the
Kingdome
of
Hungarie
,
Is
killed
.
(
had
not
Fortune
saved
it
)
by
the
death
of
the
brave
Count
of
Bucquoy
;
who
attempting
to
repulse
the
Hungarians
,
when
they
sallyed
out
of
Newhewsel
,
was
layd
upon
the
ground
,
with
no
lesse
then
sixteen
wounds
.
He
could
not
more
generously
surrender
his
soul
,
nor
finde
a
more
illustrious
bed
of
honour
,
to
crown
the
greatnesse
of
his
actions
,
had
not
his
souldiers
so
basely
forgotten
their
duty
,
His
A
,
my
disbands
it self
.
and
disbanded
themselves
so
ignominiously
.
For
they
might
,
by
carrying
the
body
of
this
Mars
,
with
as
much
reason
,
have
expected
to
winne
Victories
,
as
the
Spaniards
did
,
by
that
of
their
Rodrigues
;
but
after
the
losse
of
their
Generall
,
they
found
themselves
without
pulse
,
life
,
and
motion
.
And
so
,
we
may
easily
think
,
how
sensible
a
losse
this
was
,
to
the
Emperour
,
and
all
his
family
,
to
whom
he
had
rendered
so
potent
services
.
Thus
by
the
death
of
this
one
brave
Captaine
,
Fortune
changed
,
and
the
Conquered
became
Conquerours
.
They
,
who
before
,
were
reduced
,
to
a
meer
feeble
,
and
fearfull
defensive
Warre
,
regained
courage
,
and
returned
to
besiege
the
places
which
they
had
lost
.
But
Fortune
,
lighter
then
the
winde
,
made
Bethlem
know
,
how
necessary
it
was
for
him
,
to
make
Peace
;
and
Ferdinand
,
desirous
to
remedy
so
many
evils
,
as
surrounded
him
on
every
side
,
easily
suffered
himself
to
be
induced
to
it
,
by
his
own
naturall
inclination
:
And
so
,
upon
the
restitution
of
the
Crown
,
and
the
relinquishment
of
the
Title
of
King
,
the
Peace
was
made
,
and
Arms
laid
down
,
for
a
while
;
though
Gabor
never
cast
off
the
desire
of
moving
,
nor
the
hatred
,
which
he
carried
to
his
Lord
,
the
Emperour
.
The
King
'
of
Poland
hurr
.
Now
,
since
we
are
gotten
so
neer
Poland
,
let
us
deliver
that
which
hapned
there
,
in
the
year
1620
,
The
King
being
at
Wartsawe
,
where
the
Diet
was
held
;
and
going
into
the
Church
upon
the
fifteenth
of
November
,
a
Gentleman
gave
him
two
blows
with
a
Pole-axe
upon
the
head
and
another
on
his
shoulder
,
which
very
much
endangered
his
life
:
But
the
Parricide
received
his
reward
,
and
the
King
was
heard
by
the
standers
by
,
with
a
faint
and
feeble
voice
,
to
pronounce
these
words
:
What
(
said
he
)
do
the
Polanders
learne
of
the
French
,
to
kill
their
Kings
?
Let
us
go
hence
,
till
we
shall
first
have
related
the
subject
,
for
which
Osman
the
Emperour
of
Turkie
with
an
Armie
of
above
four
hundred
thousand
men
,
attempted
to
swallow
up
all
this
puissant
Kingdome
,
which
was
this
.
The
Waywood
of
Walachia
being
revolted
from
the
Grand
Signior
,
and
calling
in
the
Poles
to
relieve
him
,
was
attacked
by
the
Tartars
,
and
Turks
;
who
,
in
the
first
fight
,
having
the
worst
,
and
in
the
last
,
the
best
of
the
day
,
the
Waywode
was
killed
,
and
the
Polish
Nobility
defeated
:
and
this
Victory
so
much
inflamed
the
heart
of
the
Great
Turk
,
that
he
shamefully
banished
the
Poland
Embassadour
from
his
Court
,
and
declared
a
war
upon
the
King
.
Fortune
,
is
the
Mistresse
of
young
Princes
,
for
by
good
successes
,
Osmàn
attacks
Poland
.
she
fills
them
with
temerity
,
to
destroy
them
.
CHAP.
VII
The
warre
in
the
Palatinate
.
Tilly
beaten
,
revenges
himself
,
and
defeates
the
Marquis
of
Baden
.
The
Bishop
of
Halberstadt
,
makes
himself
known
in
Westphalia
,
and
is
beaten
;
passes
with
Mansfeldt
,
through
Lorraine
,
and
incamps
himself
before
Sedan
.
THe
prosperous
progresse
of
the
Emperours
Generals
,
repaired
,
and
raised
his
Authority
,
to
so
much
splendour
,
that
every
body
desired
to
keep
himself
fast
with
him
,
and
gaine
his
favour
;
there
remaining
none
who
durst
openly
act
for
Frederick
,
but
such
as
were
droven
by
despaire
.
For
,
the
Duke
of
Anholt
,
finding
the
gate
open
to
a
reconciliation
,
stooped
to
get
in
;
and
many
Townes
also
did
the
same
.
And
the
Landgrave
William
,
sonne
to
Maurice
of
Hassia
,
who
finding
Bellona
too
hard
,
and
rigorous
a
Mistresse
,
betook
himself
to
the
society
of
the
Muses
,
followed
the
example
of
the
former
,
and
was
received
with
the
same
benevolence
;
yea
,
and
adorned
with
a
new
Title
of
Honour
besides
.
We
are
forced
,
in
a
scorn
,
to
make
a
good
Part
,
which
,
when
the
danger
is
past
,
we
do
not
value
.
Mansfeldt
recollected
fragments
of
the
Armies
,
found
means
to
repair
his
losses
,
Mansfeldt
uses
deceit
in
the
Palatinate
.
and
grew
likely
to
restore
things
,
to
the
point
from
whence
they
were
fallen
.
In
effect
,
not
being
able
to
get
into
Bohemia
,
he
wheeled
about
towards
the
Palatinate
:
where
,
by
the
taking
of
some
places
,
and
fighting
some
prosperous
skirmishes
,
he
raised
the
courage
of
his
souldiers
,
and
struck
astonishment
into
his
enemies
.
But
,
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
seased
upon
the
upper
Palatinate
,
reduced
him
to
such
extremity
,
that
,
upon
the
condition
of
a
summe
of
mony
,
and
some
very
high
title
of
Honour
,
he
was
content
to
seek
Peace
with
the
Emperour
;
however
it
were
intended
by
him
,
but
onely
to
save
his
Army
,
and
so
to
kill
two
birds
with
one
stone
.
Foul
play
,
or
cheaterie
,
when
it
succeeds
well
,
passes
for
a
gallant
piece
of
warlike
craft
;
and
wickednesse
never
seeks
long
,
before
it
findes
an
occasion
.
For
as
soon
as
he
arrived
in
the
Lower
Palatinate
,
he
threw
off
his
Vizard
,
broke
his
word
,
took
many
Towns
(
which
served
for
a
Fee
to
his
hunger-starved
souldiers
)
sacked
Alsatia
,
Takes
Hagenaw
.
and
surprized
Hagenaw
.
Frederick
,
upon
the
noise
of
these
successes
,
left
Holland
,
passed
incognito
through
France
,
and
not
without
huge
paines
,
and
danger
,
got
to
the
Army
.
There
happened
a
surious
Encounter
near
Wisloch
,
The
Bavarians
beaten
.
where
the
Bavarian
;
lost
abost
above
two
thousand
men
,
a
great
number
of
Colours
,
and
four
Field-Pieces
;
which
were
testimonies
,
that
the
victory
was
not
coutemptible
.
But
Tilly
was
not
long
,
before
he
found
meanes
to
revenge
himself
of
this
affront
.
It
is
good
to
lend
to
such
,
as
are
alwayes
read
to
render
.
For
,
having
joyned
his
Troops
with
Don
Cordocia
,
and
being
informed
,
that
the
Marquis
of
Baden
was
separated
from
Mansfeldt
,
he
followed
him
so
close
,
that
he
overtook
him
neer
Wimpfen
;
where
,
after
a
stubborn
fight
of
some
hours
,
he
put
the
Cavalry
to
flight
.
But
the
Infantry
,
or
Foot
,
finding
themselves
abandoned
with
a
masculine
resolution
,
mingled
with
despair
,
and
desire
of
an
honourable
death
,
fought
very
valiantly
,
and
made
Tilly
know
,
that
he
should
not
have
their
lives
at
so
cheap
a
rate
,
They
have
their
revenge
.
as
not
to
wrangle
stoutly
for
them
;
howbeit
,
by
an
unlucky
chance
,
they
were
deprived
of
the
meanes
,
though
not
of
the
will
,
Victory
of
the
Imperialists
near
Wimpson
.
to
continue
it
.
For
,
by
the
perpetual
playing
of
the
Ordnance
,
the
fire
got
into
the
powder
,
which
sprung
the
Waggons
with
so
unfortunate
hurt
,
that
all
the
Foot
fell
into
disorder
,
and
was
cut
in
pieces
:
And
eight
and
thirty
Pieces
of
Canon
;
a
great
deal
of
Baggage
,
and
money
,
with
six
score
Coulors
falling
into
the
hands
of
the
Conquerours
,
made
the
Conquered
confesse
,
that
they
received
a
huge
,
and
most
sensible
losse
.
The
Field
was
strewed
with
dead
Bodies
,
and
the
perishing
of
six
thousand
men
upon
the
place
,
gave
cause
to
count
this
,
for
one
of
the
greatest
Battails
of
this
Age.
The
Bishop
of
Halberstadt
in
the
interim
was
not
asleep
;
but
having
contracted
great
forces
,
The
cruelties
of
the
Bishop
of
Halberstadt
in
Westphalia
.
he
went
ravaging
and
pillaging
all
Westphalia
;
sparing
neither
Monkes
,
Nunnes
,
nor
Ornaments
of
the
Church
it self
,
to
satiate
his
cruelty
,
leachery
,
and
avarice
.
Indeed
,
the
scandall
he
gave
,
was
too
great
;
for
his
proceedings
were
blamed
,
even
by
them
of
his
own
Party
:
and
he
purchased
the
name
of
the
Mad
Bishop
.
But
the
Catholicks
were
too
much
tyed
to
the
Emperours
service
,
and
therefore
he
thought
fit
to
chastise
them
,
since
there
was
no
other
means
,
to
hurt
their
Victorious
head
;
and
besides
,
the
disgust
of
their
so
often
singing
Te
Deum
,
was
too
sharp
and
hot
to
be
endured
.
At
Paterborne
,
he
took
a
Statue
of
Sains
Liborius
,
of
massive
Silver
,
and
melted
it
into
Rex
Dollars
,
which
he
signed
,
with
an
Arm
stretched
out
,
and
a
sword
,
with
this
motto
,
A
Friend
to
God
:
and
an
Enemy
to
Priests
.
The
youthfull
insolencies
,
and
unreasonable
actions
,
which
he
committed
in
a
certain
Cloyster
of
Nunnes
,
must
be
buried
in
silence
;
for
the
like
could
not
happen
,
but
in
a
corrupt
Age.
This
Army
cast
the
greatest
bulk
of
the
war
,
Warre
again
the
Ecclesiasticks
.
upon
the
Ecclesiasticks
;
nor
can
there
be
imagined
any
kinde
of
sacriledge
,
which
was
not
perpetrated
by
them
;
neither
went
they
in
fine
;
very
farre
,
before
they
received
the
Crown
of
their
works
.
For
being
coasted
,
or
overtaken
by
the
Count
of
Anholt
,
who
was
now
joyned
to
Tilly
,
they
were
strenuously
assaulted
,
near
the
River
Maine
;
and
endeavouring
to
passe
in
confusion
,
the
Bridge
brake
,
and
made
fine
sport
for
the
Imperialists
,
who
cut
off
such
as
were
stopped
:
and
the
River
conspiring
to
their
destruction
,
thruzled
a
great
many
more
,
so
that
only
they
who
could
swimme
escaped
,
and
through
their
great
diligence
made
a
shift
at
length
to
reach
the
Avantguard
of
the
Army
,
where
their
Bishop
marched
,
and
so
ranged
themselves
under
the
wings
of
General
Mansfeldt
,
so
that
the
River
shared
stakes
with
the
Imperialists
,
in
the
honour
of
this
victory
,
as
having
drowned
about
three
thousand
of
them
.
Frederick
after
this
so
rough
a
check
,
having
no
means
at
all
left
to
maintain
his
forces
any
longer
,
disbanded
them
,
and
retired
himself
back
to
the
Hague
,
there
to
expect
the
issue
of
the
Treaty
at
Brussels
,
by
which
Frankendal
,
with
the
consent
of
King
Iames
of
England
,
was
sequestred
into
the
hands
of
the
Infanta
.
Tilly
went
afterwards
,
and
took
Heidelberg
by
force
,
and
Manhein
,
by
composition
;
and
that
great
renowned
Library
,
Heidelbergh
taken
,
and
the
Library
carried
to
Rome
.
was
transported
to
Rome
(
for
the
Pope
would
have
also
his
part
of
the
booty
)
to
the
great
trouble
of
all
the
Electorall
Family
:
but
,
who
can
resist
against
Fate
?
Mansfeldt
,
and
his
Bishop
,
marched
on
towards
Lorrain
,
through
which
they
passed
,
without
any
repugnance
,
the
Duke
being
surprized
by
their
unexpected
approach
,
and
stayed
some
weeks
at
Sedan
;
and
Card●●●a
,
who
was
at
their
heels
,
incamped
himself
at
Ivoy
.
We
will
leave
them
there
,
to
plot
new
Designes
with
the
Duke
of
Bo●●llon
,
and
return
into
Poland
,
to
see
what
great
body
of
Nobility
march
so
briskly
on
,
to
face
that
potent
Emperour
Osman
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
The
continuance
of
the
warre
between
the
Poles
,
and
the
Turks
.
The
tragicall
end
of
young
Osman
.
The
death
of
some
Lords
.
THe
Polanders
,
being
resolved
to
revenge
the
affront
done
their
Embassadour
,
received
besides
some
kind
of
check
in
Moldavia
;
but
Prince
Vladistans
hasting
thither
with
a
puissant
Army
,
defeated
the
Turks
in
a
ranged
Battail
;
which
kindled
so
great
fury
in
the
young
Emperour
Osman
,
that
he
swore
he
would
be
revenged
,
and
destroy
the
kingdom
of
Poland
,
with
that
terrible
Army
,
whereof
we
have
spoken
already
.
King
Sigismund
received
the
Alarme
,
and
sent
his
Embassadours
to
all
Christian
Kings
,
imploring
their
assistance
against
the
Common
Enemy
.
King
James
aforesaid
sent
five
thousand
men
,
whom
the
King
of
Denmark
would
not
suffer
to
pass
,
in
respect
of
the
Allyance
between
him
,
and
the
King
of
Sweden
.
In
fine
,
the
Polanders
finding
nothing
,
but
excuses
every
where
,
were
fain
to
get
all
on
horse-back
,
together
with
their
King
,
and
go
to
deliver
their
Prince
,
who
was
so
ingaged
,
that
he
had
almost
no
means
left
him
to
escape
evident
danger
.
It
was
a
worthy
object
,
They
make
all
the
Nobility
march
,
to
succour
●lad●slaus
.
to
see
a
King
march
at
the
Head
of
two
hundred
thousand
Gentlemen
:
whereof
the
Grand
Signor
being
advertised
,
sent
to
offer
a
Peace
to
the
Prince
,
who
embraced
it
,
as
an
Embassie
come
from
heaven
;
because
the
third
part
of
his
Troops
of
sixty
thousand
men
,
which
were
left
to
defend
the
Confines
against
this
huge
multitude
,
was
quite
consumed
,
partly
by
continual
attacks
,
The
Yeate
made
and
partly
by
diseases
,
as
having
been
compelled
,
for
want
of
victuals
,
to
eat
many
of
their
own
horses
.
The
Tucks
,
after
having
wanted
half
their
Army
,
made
their
retreat
;
which
,
together
with
the
Peace
,
was
about
the
moneth
of
October
,
1621.
Let
us
follow
them
to
Constantinople
,
where
we
shall
see
the
tragical
,
and
pitifull
end
of
their
Prince
.
Osman
,
the
aforesaid
young
Prince
,
by
some
deportments
of
his
,
gave
suspition
to
the
Innisuries
,
of
his
having
a
mind
to
transferre
both
the
Treasure
,
and
seate
of
the
Empyre
,
from
Constantinople
,
under
pretext
of
making
a
pilgrimage
to
the
Sepulcher
of
their
Prophet
Mahomet
.
Osman
strangled
,
and
Mustapha
cl●●led
in
his
place
.
Whereupon
,
his
ships
were
stopped
,
his
Favorites
massacred
in
his
presence
,
and
himself
,
after
having
endured
a
thousand
indignities
from
the
Souldiers
,
strangled
by
the
command
of
his
Uncle
,
whom
they
had
drawne
out
of
his
Hermitage
,
to
succeed
him
.
But
he
did
not
long
enjoy
those
honours
,
whereof
indeed
he
was
unworthy
.
Happy
are
they
,
who
live
content
in
the
lownesse
of
their
Condivion
,
and
are
not
exposed
to
the
blowes
of
the
Thunderbolt
;
at
those
Captaines
also
are
,
who
for
sake
the
Armies
,
to
return
to
the
Plough
,
without
I
stening
to
the
voyce
of
the
charming
Syrens
of
ambition
.
But
it
is
not
only
here
,
that
we
have
seen
unheard-of
changes
.
Now
these
fatall
Tragedies
were
advantageous
to
the
Christians
,
who
were
so
divided
by
the
two
so
often
mentioned
Passions
,
The
Count
de
la
Tour
obtaines
suco●●●
of
the
Turk
.
that
there
was
no
appearance
left
to
reunite
them
.
The
old
Count
de
la
Tour
,
and
the
Marquis
of
Lagerendorf
,
were
knocking
at
the
Grand-Signors
Gate
,
and
displaying
both
their
Rhetorick
,
and
their
Presents
,
seconded
by
the
Embassadours
of
the
inconstant
Gabor
;
so
much
were
they
seazed
by
desire
,
to
ruine
the
House
of
Austria
,
which
almost
all
Christendome
banded
together
,
hath
not
been
able
to
effect
hitherto
;
no
,
nor
so
much
as
to
deprive
it
,
of
the
Imperial
Crown
.
S●●ks
Moravia
.
However
,
they
obtained
some
succour
,
sackaged
Moravia
,
and
joyned
with
Gabor
;
but
the
Turks
were
defeated
,
and
their
Mustapha
compelled
to
yeeld
up
his
place
to
Amurath
,
Is
be●●
〈◊〉
.
Brother
to
Osman
.
And
these
Tragedies
were
the
cause
of
the
warre
,
which
chanced
between
the
Turks
and
Persians
,
to
the
great
good
of
Christendom
;
and
gave
occasion
also
to
the
Gossacks
to
make
a
Cavalcada
,
or
Inroade
,
to
the
very
Gates
of
Constantinople
.
The
Cossacks
at
the
Gates
of
Constantinople
.
For
,
after
they
had
passed
many
great
Forrests
,
and
vast
Deserts
,
the
Alarme
grew
so
hot
,
that
if
the
said
Cossacks
had
not
speedily
retreated
with
their
prey
,
the
poor
Christians
in
the
Town
had
had
their
throats
cut
,
it
regard
that
it
was
published
,
that
they
had
intelligence
with
them
.
Let
us
now
take
leave
of
the
Countries
,
of
the
Half
[
](A55965-e57030-b)*
*
The
Turks
.
Moon
,
for
many
yeares
,
and
return
by
the
Mediterranean
,
into
those
of
the
[
](A55965-e57070-b)*
*
The
Roman
Catholick
Countries
upon
the
Mediterranean
Sea
.
Crosse
,
which
being
momentarily
sprinkled
with
blood
,
cannot
choose
but
multiply
abundantly
.
The
Venetians
were
very
attentive
to
the
successes
of
the
Bohemian
warre
,
and
being
more
propense
to
their
own
interest
,
then
their
Religion
,
occultly
favoured
the
Bohemians
.
But
the
rest
of
the
States
of
Italy
,
leaned
more
to
the
other
side
;
however
Peace
remained
amongst
them
,
just
as
they
did
in
Spain
,
where
they
received
the
newes
of
a
great
victory
,
upon
the
King
of
Maroco
,
and
saw
(
after
the
expiration
of
the
Truce
)
some
Holland
Vessels
brought
into
their
Ports
,
which
came
from
Venice
,
and
were
taken
in
the
Sreights
of
Gibelaltar
.
This
year
1621.
in
the
moneth
of
March
,
deceased
Philip
the
third
,
King
of
Spain
,
and
was
followed
some
moneths
after
,
The
death
of
Philip
the
third
King
of
Spain
,
and
of
and
Cardinal
Bellatmine
.
by
the
pious
Arch-Duke
Albert
,
who
left
the
Country
to
his
Isabel
,
and
the
Command
of
the
Militia
,
to
the
Marquis
Spinola
.
That
famous
Cardinal
Robert
Bellarmin
,
so
well
known
by
the
Books
he
left
written
,
both
against
the
Reformats
,
and
others
,
paid
likewise
his
tribute
to
Nature
,
this
very
year
,
being
above
fourscore
years
old
.
England
continued
in
Peace
;
and
therefore
we
will
step
into
the
Low-Countries
.
CHAP.
IX
Sadnes
in
the
Low-Countries
,
for
the
bad
successe
of
the
Affaires
of
Frederick
.
The
Warre
begun
again
,
betwixt
them
,
and
the
Spaniards
.
Gulick
,
and
Papemutz
surrendred
.
Count
Henry
suspected
,
and
why
?
HOlland
was
full
of
loy
,
upon
the
termination
of
the
Domestick
Disorders
,
and
the
condemnation
of
the
Arminians
;
a
great
part
whereof
withdrew
themselves
out
of
united
Provinces
;
some
others
embraced
the
doctrine
of
the
confession
of
Auxbourgh
,
and
the
rest
fought
so
long
against
their
Crosses
,
that
they
surmounted
them
at
length
,
by
obtaining
in
many
Towns
free
Exercise
of
their
Faith
.
But
this
joy
was
quickly
turned
into
mourning
,
by
the
arrivall
of
the
newes
of
the
unhappy
successe
of
King
Fredericks
Arms
;
and
the
losse
of
his
Kingdom
,
which
he
had
already
had
,
some
moneths
in
his
possession
.
Though
yet
the
Gazets
sung
alwayes
of
his
victories
,
and
of
the
decline
of
the
Emperours
Affayres
:
yea
,
and
the
Painters
represented
him
already
,
sitting
in
the
Imperial
Throne
;
Ferdinand
,
on
his
knees
before
him
;
and
the
Eagle
all
peeled
,
and
debilitated
.
The
Eagle
peeled
.
It
was
also
published
,
that
the
Battail
before
Prague
,
was
wonne
by
him
and
the
contrary
tidings
contemned
,
as
suspects
,
and
given
out
by
the
Papists
;
till
himself
arrived
,
and
brought
the
naked
Truth
with
him
,
and
shewed
in
fine
,
that
all
was
lost
.
There
are
many
persons
so
passionate
,
that
they
cannot
endure
to
hear
truth
spoken
,
if
it
be
contrary
to
their
expectation
;
and
others
preferre
,
before
the
infamy
of
lying
,
the
unsteady
profit
which
comes
from
it
.
Prince
Maurice
had
often
enough
bid
the
Generalls
of
Bohemia
,
have
a
care
of
themselves
,
for
that
they
had
to
do
with
a
great
Captain
,
full
of
courage
,
and
experience
.
Many
have
believed
,
that
it
was
his
designe
,
to
make
Frederick
be
raised
to
the
Imperiall
Crown
;
neither
were
the
means
thereof
so
difficult
,
had
not
God
disposed
otherwise
of
it
.
They
of
Brabant
,
on
the
other
side
,
by
way
of
equall
return
to
the
Hollanders
,
pictured
the
Emperour
in
his
Throne
,
Loaden
with
with
feathers
.
elevated
on
high
,
with
a
King
fallen
at
his
feet
,
and
the
Eagle
loaden
with
feathers
,
plucking
the
Crown
off
his
Head
.
But
Painters
,
and
Poets
have
alwayes
been
permitted
,
to
set
forth
their
fancies
;
and
the
Common
People
feed
themselves
with
them
,
as
with
solid
food
.
Now
,
the
Contra-Remonstrancers
,
as
well
by
means
of
the
Synod
of
Dort
,
as
by
the
company
of
the
Prince
(
who
declared
himselfe
of
their
party
)
having
wonne
the
Day
,
Maurice
changes
the
Magistrates
.
stayed
not
there
.
For
Maurice
,
by
the
advice
of
some
Lords
,
having
changed
the
Magistrates
in
many
Townes
,
as
I
have
hinted
already
;
put
in
their
places
,
such
as
he
liked
,
and
such
as
approved
of
the
said
Synod
:
In
such
sort
,
as
the
Arminians
were
fain
to
leave
the
Cushion
against
their
wills
,
and
were
ill
treated
too
,
in
some
parts
,
for
making
too
free
use
of
that
,
which
by
vertue
of
their
birthright
,
and
the
successe
of
the
Armes
of
the
Common-wealth
,
they
conceived
,
could
not
be
denied
them
.
These
changes
begat
many
Libells
,
and
gave
ground
to
the
Politicks
,
to
make
fine
observations
,
upon
those
proceedings
,
which
remained
secret
No
definitive
sentence
can
be
pronounced
,
upon
what
may
be
done
,
but
upon
what
is
done
.
Now
,
as
mens
humours
which
were
agitated
,
began
by
little
and
little
,
to
relent
,
or
slacken
;
and
partialities
,
partly
for
fear
,
and
partly
for
want
of
nourishment
,
to
be
choaked
in
the
desire
repose
;
just
so
did
the
Truce
draw
towards
an
end
.
And
it
must
be
noted
,
that
these
people
,
how
much
soever
divided
in
faction
,
return
forthwith
to
a
coherence
,
when
they
apprehend
any
forraine
Enemy
:
For
really
,
common
danger
hath
so
great
a
power
upon
their
minds
,
that
it
makes
them
speedily
reunite
,
to
resist
the
attempts
of
strangers
:
and
if
that
come
once
to
faile
,
farewell
Liberty
;
for
they
will
never
,
want
private
enemies
;
and
their
pride
is
growne
too
high
,
not
to
be
envied
by
many
.
Their
vertue
is
accompanied
by
envy
,
but
their
Power
is
too
considerable
,
to
be
easily
,
and
openly
attacked
.
One
of
the
greatest
wits
of
our
times
,
advised
the
King
of
Spain
,
to
make
a
Truce
with
them
if
he
had
mind
to
tame
them
.
The
nature
of
the
Hollanders
.
For
they
are
(
said
he
)
like
over
,
which
joyne
together
,
to
repell
the
Wolves
;
but
as
soon
as
the
danger
is
once
past
,
they
fall
to
oddes
amongst
themselves
.
The
Arch-Duke
sounded
them
,
to
see
if
they
would
hearken
to
a
Peace
,
and
acknowledge
him
for
Soveraign
,
under
such
terms
,
as
seemed
to
divide
the
Soveraignty
;
but
they
bore
a
deaf
ear
,
and
would
not
hear
of
so
much
,
as
a
prolongation
of
the
Truce
:
and
the
Embassadour
passing
through
Delph
,
was
entertained
by
the
dregges
of
the
people
,
with
durt
and
mud
,
and
most
unworthily
treated
,
before
it
could
be
remedied
.
An
Embassadour
cannot
be
welcome
,
where
his
Master
is
hated
.
This
affront
was
dissembled
;
Spinola
being
returned
out
of
Germany
,
went
,
and
incamped
himself
near
the
Rhein
,
whilest
Count
Henry
of
Berghen
,
blocked
up
Gulick
,
which
surrendered
it self
for
want
of
food
,
in
the
moneth
of
February
,
1622.
The
same
year
Pape●●tz
(
in
English
,
Priests-Cap
)
was
likewise
taken
,
by
meanes
of
the
huge
quantity
of
Granadaes
,
which
were
cast
into
it
.
This
was
a
Fort
so
called
,
seated
upon
an
Island
,
in
the
middle
of
the
Rhein
,
built
during
the
Truce
,
to
exact
Contributions
of
the
circumjacent
Countries
,
and
to
incominodate
the
Boats
,
which
could
not
pass
without
being
examined
,
and
visited
by
it
;
and
it
was
sacrificed
to
the
vengeance
of
the
Priests
,
because
it
carried
both
the
name
,
and
figure
of
their
Quadrangular
Bonnets
.
Count
Maurice
,
by
the
decease
of
Philip
of
Nassaw
,
his
eldest
brother
(
who
died
like
a
Catholick
at
Breda
,
a
little
before
the
expiration
of
the
Truce
)
being
become
Prince
of
Orange
,
and
Heir
by
will
,
to
all
his
said
brothers
goods
;
sent
his
other
brother
with
four
thousand
men
,
to
enter
into
little
Brabant
,
and
force
the
Contributions
.
The
Hollanders
in
Brabant
This
surprize
very
much
amazed
Spinola
,
cast
the
Country
people
into
despair
,
to
see
their
houses
fired
:
and
moved
the
soul
of
the
Infanta
(
who
beheld
this
spoil
from
the
wals
of
Brussels
)
to
compassion
.
The
Citizens
would
have
marched
out
with
their
arms
,
to
revenge
this
wrong
;
but
Spinola
,
commanded
the
Gates
to
be
kept
shut
,
and
would
not
suffer
them
,
to
go
,
and
expose
themselves
to
slaughter
,
and
an
inevitable
defeat
.
The
inhabitants
of
a
Town
do
enough
,
when
they
defend
their
own
walls
;
for
the
Field
is
fatall
to
them
,
against
old
Bands
and
trained
Souldiers
.
Count
Henry
of
Bergues
arriving
too
late
,
to
hinder
the
return
of
the
Hollanders
,
(
which
he
might
have
effected
,
either
with
his
forces
,
or
by
stopping
up
the
River
of
Demer
)
grew
to
be
suspected
,
of
intelligence
with
his
Kinsmen
.
He
was
reproached
,
that
he
might
have
come
six
and
twenty
houres
sooner
;
and
that
,
if
he
had
used
all
requisite
diligence
,
the
enemies
could
not
have
escaped
:
But
he
excused
himself
the
best
he
could
;
and
satisfied
most
of
the
Councell
,
though
not
all
;
and
after
his
retreat
,
it
was
all
more
maturely
examined
,
and
considered
by
the
most
judicious
men
.
The
complaint
of
the
Spanish
Embassadour
,
in
his
behalf
.
The
Embassadour
of
Spaine
complained
once
to
King
Henry
of
France
;
for
his
endeavouring
to
disingage
the
said
Count
from
his
Masters
service
;
to
which
the
King
answered
,
that
he
was
by
birth
a
Germane
,
and
no
subject
of
the
King
of
Spains
.
And
thus
passed
this
complaint
,
together
with
many
more
,
which
the
ignorant
people
imputed
,
to
the
hatred
,
which
the
Spaniards
(
according
to
their
saying
,
and
belief
)
carried
towards
him
.
CHAP.
X.
Berghen
besieged
.
Mansfeldt
,
and
his
Bishop
being
beaten
by
Cordoua
,
come
to
succour
the
Hollanders
.
The
death
of
the
Duke
of
Bouillon
,
and
a
summary
of
his
life
.
Spinola
quitts
the
siege
.
Mansfeldt
passes
into
Friezland
.
A
third
Warre
in
France
.
THe
burning
of
many
fair
villages
,
in
the
sight
of
the
Court
,
caused
so
much
spite
in
Spinolas
soule
,
that
he
studied
nothing
more
,
then
the
meanes
of
revenging
himself
of
it
.
He
kept
his
designe
secret
;
and
assembled
a
great
Army
,
one
part
whereof
he
assigned
to
Don
Lewis
de
Velasco
,
and
conducted
the
other
(
which
was
far
the
greatest
)
himself
.
He
made
a
shew
to
draw
towards
the
Rheyn
,
thereby
to
amuse
the
Hollanders
,
whilest
the
said
Don
Lewis
had
order
to
march
with
all
speed
,
to
Berghen
op
Zoom
,
and
to
seize
upon
Emblee
,
the
Haven
,
and
the
two
Forts
,
which
defended
it
;
but
,
whether
out
of
jealousie
,
or
otherwise
,
he
want
,
and
took
Steenbergh
;
giging
the
Hollanders
time
,
to
re-inforce
the
Garrison
,
and
secure
the
Isle
of
Tertollen
.
The
Marquis
neverthelesse
arrived
,
and
besieged
the
Place
;
Berghen
besieged
.
but
not
being
able
to
gaine
the
possession
of
the
said
Haven
,
he
wasted
a
good
part
of
his
Army
about
it
.
We
left
Mansfeldt
,
and
his
Bishop
,
at
Sedan
,
in
consultation
with
the
Duke
of
Bouillon
;
Minsfeldt
at
Sedan
.
and
let
us
now
call
them
from
thence
,
since
we
are
sure
to
learn
nothing
of
their
private
conferences
,
but
onely
by
conjecture
.
The
King
of
France
was
then
before
Montauban
;
and
fearing
least
they
might
serve
themselves
of
the
fair
occasion
,
to
make
a
strong
diversion
,
in
fauour
of
the
Hughenots
,
who
were
very
much
weakened
;
he
commanded
the
Duke
of
Neuers
,
The
Duke
of
Neuers
.
to
raise
speedily
a
Body
of
an
Army
in
Champague
,
and
entertaine
the
said
Mansfeldt
with
Treaties
,
till
his
Troops
were
in
condition
,
to
hinder
his
passage
.
He
also
wrote
to
Don
Cordona
,
who
promised
him
to
come
,
and
relieve
him
,
in
case
the
Germans
made
but
the
least
shew
of
moving
against
his
service
.
Mansfeldt
dares
not
succour
the
Hughenots
.
Now
this
proposition
of
succouring
the
Hughenots
,
being
found
most
difficult
,
and
of
too
dangerous
a
consequence
,
and
the
meanes
of
returning
the
same
way
they
came
,
taken
from
them
;
they
resolved
to
traverse
,
or
passe
through
Brabaus
,
and
go
to
succour
Berghen
,
which
Spinola
attacked
both
with
Mines
;
and
Assaults
,
as
he
had
done
Ostend
;
and
this
so
much
the
rather
,
because
they
were
invited
thither
,
by
the
States
Generall
,
and
the
Prince
of
Orange
.
And
so
they
marched
,
and
by
their
departure
,
freed
Campagne
,
from
the
great
oppressions
,
wherewith
they
had
very
ill
treated
the
Lasiere
.
Cordona
,
and
Anholt
followed
them
;
and
having
overtaken
them
near
Floury
,
compelled
them
to
stop
,
and
face
about
.
The
battail
began
hotly
;
Is
beaten
by
Cordona
.
and
Cordona
was
in
danger
of
losing
it
,
if
the
enemies
horse
had
stood
fast
,
and
better
seconded
the
foot
,
which
was
almost
all
cut
off
by
the
Canon
.
But
five
hundred
Peasants
of
the
Province
of
Liege
,
who
presumed
to
set
upon
them
,
were
cut
in
pieces
,
and
sacrificed
,
to
their
displeasure
;
which
yet
,
was
quite
forgotten
,
as
soon
as
they
came
to
the
Hollanders
Camp
.
The
Mansfeldians
excused
their
losse
,
by
the
necessity
they
had
,
to
get
the
passage
;
which
,
since
they
had
obtained
,
by
the
sword
,
the
Imperialests
(
said
they
)
ought
not
so
much
to
boast
of
their
Victorie
.
The
Bishop
was
hurt
in
the
arme
,
The
Bishop
loses
his
arme
.
which
was
forced
to
be
cut
off
;
which
gave
the
Romane
Catholicks
ground
to
publish
,
that
,
that
arme
which
made
warre
against
the
Priests
,
had
deserved
to
be
struck
off
.
It
is
very
likely
,
that
if
the
Protestants
had
not
feared
to
alienate
the
King
from
their
Party
(
of
whose
favour
they
hoped
one
day
to
feel
some
effects
)
they
would
have
made
no
difficulty
at
all
,
to
set
the
Hughenots
upon
their
feet
again
in
such
sort
,
as
that
the
King
could
not
lay
hold
of
a
more
opportune
season
to
humble
them
,
then
during
the
decline
of
the
affairs
,
of
the
Protestants
in
Germany
.
The
Duke
of
Bouillon
,
after
the
departure
of
the
Germans
,
being
quite
crazed
with
age
,
payed
his
tribute
to
Nature
:
and
it
concerns
us
,
to
speak
briefly
of
his
life
,
that
so
we
may
come
both
to
the
knowledge
of
his
experience
,
and
exploits
,
The
death
of
the
Duke
of
Bouillon
.
and
of
his
right
also
to
Sedan
.
Religion
,
and
Nature
tied
him
fast
to
his
Kings
service
,
whose
secrets
,
and
savour
he
enjoyed
for
a
long
time
.
His
first
wife
was
the
Princesse
,
who
was
heiress
to
Sedan
;
and
notwithstanding
that
she
died
without
Childrein
,
and
that
there
was
another
heir
of
the
same
House
,
His
life
.
he
left
not
to
retaine
the
said
Principat
,
by
the
support
of
the
Kings
favour
.
He
marries
the
heiresse
of
Sedan
.
He
keeps
the
Principate
,
and
passes
to
the
second
marriage
.
Believed
,
in
Germary
,
1609
Surprizes
S●●●●y
.
In
his
second
marriage
,
he
had
the
daughter
,
of
Prince
William
of
Orange
,
by
whom
he
had
begat
two
sons
,
who
grew
very
famous
afterwards
;
and
by
this
Allyance
,
he
acquired
a
most
streight
correspondence
with
the
States
Gonerall
of
the
united
provinces
.
He
much
molested
the
Dutchies
of
Lorraine
and
Luxenburgh
by
arms
,
wherein
he
purchased
great
reputation
.
He
went
and
surprised
the
Cittidell
of
S●endy
,
the
very
day
of
his
wedding
,
and
was
alwayes
redoubted
by
his
neighbours
,
and
in
most
high
esteem
with
the
Princes
of
Germany
;
and
it
is
believed
,
that
it
was
chiefly
he
,
who
counselled
the
Prince
Palatine
,
to
take
the
Crown
of
Bohemia
.
After
his
designs
,
and
Communications
with
the
Marshal
of
B●ron
,
were
blown
up
,
he
kept
himself
alwayes
close
in
Sedan
,
till
the
King
at
length
,
came
to
awaken
him
.
But
his
peace
was
quickly
made
,
in
consideration
of
the
good
,
which
he
was
to
perform
,
and
of
the
high
enterprizes
,
whereof
he
was
both
the
most
worthy
,
and
principall
instrument
.
After
the
sad
death
of
Henry
the
Great
,
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
being
returned
into
France
,
he
used
his
utmost
endeavour
,
to
tye
him
to
the
interests
of
the
Hughenots
,
by
describing
his
to
him
,
quite
otherwise
,
He
embroils
France
.
then
they
were
to
be
understood
;
which
were
in
effect
,
to
embroil
the
Kingdome
.
But
the
Prince
would
not
revenge
the
injurie
,
which
he
pretended
was
done
him
,
to
the
detriment
of
Religion
,
and
the
destruction
of
the
poor
people
;
which
yet
not
long
after
he
did
,
against
his
promise
to
the
Queen
:
though
yet
that
promise
were
quickly
dissipated
,
as
well
as
many
other
,
which
came
out
of
the
shop
of
his
brest
,
more
for
his
particular
advantage
,
then
that
of
the
Publick
,
which
he
alwayes
pretended
.
Now
,
howbeit
,
he
had
been
brought
up
in
the
civill
wars
,
and
factions
,
he
yet
refused
the
generalship
,
He
refuses
the
Generalship
of
the
Hughenot
Party
,
1621.
Why
?
of
all
the
Hughenot
Armies
,
which
was
offered
him
,
by
the
Assembly
of
Rochell
;
and
that
upon
very
reasonable
reasons
:
as
first
,
his
age
:
then
the
Gout
,
wherewith
he
was
much
tormented
;
and
lastly
,
for
the
difficulty
,
which
he
was
likely
to
find
,
to
govern
so
many
Heads
,
as
composed
that
popular
State
.
Let
us
return
to
the
siege
of
Berghen
.
Spinola
finding
his
enemy
recruited
with
so
great
a
Body
of
Horse
,
and
his
owne
,
Army
much
diminished
with
toyle
,
assaults
,
sicknesse
,
and
disbandings
;
speedily
raised
the
siege
,
for
fear
least
the
way
should
be
stopped
,
Spinola
raises
the
siege
.
and
went
,
and
encamped
himself
three
leagues
short
of
Antwerp
;
where
having
put
himself
in
posture
,
and
sent
away
his
sick
,
and
wounded
men
,
he
offered
the
Prince
Battell
;
but
he
contenting
himself
with
having
succoured
the
Place
,
made
answer
,
to
some
French
Lords
,
who
advised
him
to
accept
the
offer
;
that
it
was
better
to
make
a
golden
Bridge
for
his
enemies
,
then
engage
them
in
fight
,
which
is
often
gained
by
dispaire
:
And
so
he
retyred
to
the
Hague
,
where
he
was
well
received
by
the
States
.
Mansfeldt
shewed
himself
likewise
there
,
and
the
Bishop
grew
to
be
known
,
and
hated
,
and
was
sometimes
in
danger
of
being
well
rubbed
,
for
his
former
insolencies
.
But
these
two
guests
,
after
some
consultations
,
quickly
dislodged
;
for
Mansfeldt
,
having
received
five
thousand
men
from
France
,
Mansfeldt
and
the
French
in
East-Freezland
The
Bishop
defeated
,
in
the
year
1623.
neer
Statloo
.
was
sent
into
East-Freezland
,
for
fear
least
Tilly
should
come
,
and
take
up
his
quarters
there
:
and
the
Bishop
returned
into
Westphalia
,
where
living
after
the
old
fashion
,
he
was
snapt
neer
Statloo
,
and
most
basely
defeated
.
With
much
more
reason
,
might
that
have
been
said
of
Tilly
,
which
the
Emperour
of
Turkie
,
said
of
the
French
,
when
he
heard
the
newes
,
of
the
huge
Victorie
gotten
by
them
,
upon
the
Venetians
:
namely
,
That
they
had
to
do
with
Calves
.
Six
thousand
Imperialists
,
cut
off
an
Army
of
eighteen
thousand
men
;
and
the
Bishop
,
in
stead
of
retyring
himself
to
his
Bishoprick
,
returned
speedily
into
Holland
,
with
the
nimblest
runners
of
his
broken
Armie
,
to
take
new
counsell
,
and
recollect
his
scattered
Troops
,
in
the
Fronteer
Towns
.
There
were
about
six
thousand
of
his
men
taken
prisoners
,
and
the
Spanish
Garrison
of
Grol
,
contributed
no
small
matter
to
this
entyre
Victorie
,
in
the
year
1623.
If
the
Bishops
Souldiers
used
great
cruelties
,
the
Mansfeldians
did
not
much
better
in
Freezland
;
in
such
sort
,
as
that
good
Country
,
which
was
able
to
maintaine
above
fifty
thousand
men
,
in
good
order
,
for
fifteen
years
together
,
was
exhausted
in
lesse
then
seven
moneths
;
These
two
Generals
return
into
Holland
.
and
the
Count
of
Oldenbergh
sound
reason
to
complaine
of
them
besides
,
as
bad
neighbours
,
for
making
excursions
upon
his
lands
.
But
they
got
not
all
off
;
and
of
five
thousand
French
,
there
returned
not
twelve
hundred
into
France
,
to
revile
their
Generall
,
and
relate
the
good
treatment
,
which
they
had
both
given
,
and
received
,
in
these
parts
;
all
the
rest
being
knocked
in
the
head
by
the
Peasants
,
Mansfeldt
being
rejoyned
to
the
Bishop
,
with
the
fragments
of
both
Armies
,
performed
no
great
exploits
;
but
being
beaten
againe
at
Frisoit
,
they
both
went
back
againe
into
Holland
,
where
they
plotted
new
designes
against
the
House
of
Austria
.
But
now
,
let
us
go
visit
the
Swissers
,
in
their
Mountaines
,
for
they
will
give
us
matter
also
,
to
discourse
of
them
.
CHAP.
XI
Of
the
Swissers
,
and
Grizons
;
and
their
Government
.
The
fall
of
a
Mountaine
.
Soubise
breakes
the
Peace
.
The
death
of
the
great
Priour
,
and
of
the
Marshall
Ornano
.
Description
of
the
Cantons
.
BEfore
we
enter
upon
the
motives
of
the
Wars
,
which
happened
in
the
Grisons
,
we
will
first
shew
,
that
the
Swissers
area
People
of
Germany
,
divided
into
thirteen
Cantons
;
of
whose
valour
,
Julius
Caesar
,
in
his
Commentaries
of
the
Gawlish
War
,
makes
very
honourable
mention
.
They
are
shut
up
within
Mountains
,
and
great
Lakes
,
which
make
their
Countrey
inaccessible
.
The
Tyranny
of
some
Governours
,
caused
them
to
shake
off
the
yoke
,
both
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
The
first
League
and
their
owne
Nobility
.
Their
first
League
was
made
between
three
Country
men
,
or
Peasants
,
who
within
a
short
time
after
,
grew
much
augmented
,
by
the
aversion
of
the
People
,
from
the
abovesaid
Government
.
Let
no
man
trust
to
his
own
power
,
and
maintaine
it
by
rigour
;
for
enemies
often
come
,
from
whence
they
are
least
expected
.
They
have
,
upon
the
one
side
,
the
States
,
of
the
Republick
of
Venice
,
and
the
Dutchy
of
Milan
;
and
Burgundy
,
Alsatia
,
and
the
Dukedome
of
Wirtemberg
,
on
the
other
.
They
were
long
in
peace
,
and
rest
,
being
protected
by
their
Hills
,
and
their
poverty
;
till
Charles
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
at
length
,
stirred
them
up
,
to
his
own
confusion
.
For
,
having
a
desire
to
extend
his
domination
as
far
as
Italy
,
he
(
notwithstanding
all
their
humble
supplications
,
for
peace
,
and
liberty
,
and
offers
to
serve
him
)
brought
a
war
upon
them
.
Irregular
ambition
prepares
her self
a
fall
.
Charles
of
Burgundie
beatea
.
For
,
their
humility
being
turned
into
dispair
,
they
fell
to
the
use
of
arms
,
which
they
had
almost
forgoten
;
and
defeated
his
Army
,
without
so
much
as
almost
any
fighting
for
it
,
and
glutted
themselves
in
fine
,
with
the
spoiles
,
both
of
the
Burgundians
,
and
Flemmings
.
Since
which
time
,
their
Allyance
hath
been
sought
,
by
the
Popes
,
Kings
,
and
Princes
of
Europ
;
and
especially
by
France
,
Their
allyance
.
which
by
keeping
her self
fast
with
them
,
through
a
yearly
pension
,
hath
drawn
no
small
advantages
from
them
.
Let
us
speak
a
word
also
,
of
their
beginnings
,
which
are
worthy
consideration
.
They
were
heretofore
,
wont
to
receive
their
Governours
,
from
the
Emperours
,
by
whom
Justice
was
administred
,
Their
beginings
and
their
Priviledges
maintained
:
so
that
they
lived
in
peace
with
the
Ecclesiasticks
;
upon
whom
,
by
donation
of
the
said
Emperours
,
if
not
all
,
yet
a
great
part
of
them
at
least
,
depended
.
In
fine
,
they
being
a
people
of
a
strong
nature
,
and
lovers
of
Liberty
(
as
all
such
as
dwell
within
the
mountains
are
)
found
themselves
contemned
by
the
Nobility
(
which
,
through
delights
,
produced
by
great
riches
,
was
grown
insolent
)
and
from
contempt
,
drawn
into
servitude
;
and
therefore
,
laying
hold
of
the
opportunity
,
of
the
confusions
of
the
Empire
,
they
assaulted
the
said
Nobility
,
and
expelled
it
by
force
of
Arms
,
and
so
redeemed
themselves
from
the
Yoke
.
The
Emperour
Albert
,
having
a
great
charge
of
Children
,
endeavoured
to
joyn
also
that
,
which
immediately
depended
upon
the
Empyre
,
to
what
he
held
there
already
,
as
well
by
inheritance
,
as
by
donation
,
and
purchase
;
but
in
vain
:
wherereupon
he
turned
his
desires
into
threats
;
but
still
in
vain
:
For
his
Governours
had
used
tyranny
,
The
Governours
Tyrants
.
and
brought
this
people
to
seek
entyre
Liberty
,
by
way
of
revenge
,
of
some
crimes
committed
,
and
some
affronts
done
to
some
particular
persons
;
the
first
whereof
was
to
him
,
who
had
alwayes
disswaded
them
,
from
putting
themselves
under
the
yoke
,
of
the
House
of
Austria
:
The
second
and
principal
,
was
for
having
attempted
the
chastity
of
a
woman
,
a
vice
,
which
caused
the
Kings
to
be
expelled
from
Rome
;
the
Infidels
,
to
enter
into
Spain
,
and
whole
nations
,
to
go
out
of
Conquered
Countries
:
The
third
was
a
most
absurd
,
and
ridiculous
Command
;
namely
,
to
do
reverence
to
the
Hat
of
a
Governour
,
which
was
at
the
end
of
a
perch
,
when
they
passed
by
it
:
And
it
happened
once
,
that
a
certain
follow
being
brought
before
the
Governour
,
for
having
slighted
this
order
,
he
commanded
him
to
shoot
a
Apple
from
his
childes
head
with
an
arrow
,
which
he
performed
,
to
the
great
amazement
of
all
such
as
were
present
.
The
first
League
of
three
men
.
Now
,
in
revenge
of
these
,
and
the
like
cruell
proceedings
,
a
secret
League
was
made
,
amongst
three
Husband-men
;
the
number
whereof
being
quickly
encreased
,
they
cunningly
seazed
upon
the
Castles
,
of
the
said
Governours
,
and
drove
them
out
of
their
Country
,
in
the
year
1307.
Within
a
short
space
after
the
Emperour
Albert
was
assassinated
,
and
his
children
,
being
more
busie
about
revenging
his
death
,
then
punishing
the
proceedings
of
the
Switzers
,
left
them
long
enough
in
peace
.
In
fine
,
Germany
being
divided
,
by
the
Election
of
two
Emperours
,
Lewis
of
Bavaria
,
and
Frederick
of
Austria
,
they
(
chiefly
out
of
the
jealousie
they
had
of
the
said
House
,
which
they
had
offended
)
constantly
adhered
to
the
Party
of
Lewis
,
notwithstanding
he
were
excommunicated
,
and
made
no
account
at
all
,
of
the
Ecclesiastical
Counsell
,
which
followed
Frederick
.
Leopold
beaten
.
Leopold
,
sonne
to
Albert
,
being
puffed
up
by
some
Conquests
,
and
by
a
fair
Army
,
together
with
the
motives
of
the
expelled
Lords
;
led
his
forces
against
the
Villages
,
but
they
were
defeated
in
the
Mountaines
,
near
Morgarte●
.
And
this
victory
of
theirs
,
produced
the
perpetual
Allyance
of
the
three
Villages
,
which
take
their
names
from
the
woods
;
to
which
the
rest
have
likewise
adjoyned
themselves
since
,
for
causes
,
which
would
be
too
long
to
recite
:
yea
,
and
very
many
Imperiall
Townes
near
them
,
have
also
leagued
themselves
with
them
;
in
such
sort
,
as
that
now
they
have
no
enemy
at
all
to
fear
.
The
physick
too
strong
.
Now
,
it
must
be
avowed
,
that
the
Physick
wrought
too
much
,
and
exceeded
the
bounds
of
duty
and
justice
.
But
ordinarily
in
Civill
Warres
,
when
subjects
exasperated
against
their
Governours
,
grow
to
get
the
upper
hand
,
they
break
through
all
fear
,
and
passe
to
another
manner
of
Policy
,
as
egged
on
,
by
the
ambition
of
some
particular
men
.
Hatred
furnished
Arms
,
fury
gave
victory
,
and
fear
of
chastisement
,
made
them
shake
off
the
yoke
of
their
Prince
,
whom
they
accused
of
having
violated
their
Priviledges
.
Ambition
is
the
moving
cause
,
and
soule
of
tumults
,
Revolts
,
and
Changes
of
State
;
and
injuries
done
to
particular
persons
,
are
the
pretexts
.
The
form
of
their
Common
wealth
.
Their
Republick
is
composed
of
three
Classes
,
or
Orders
;
the
Villages
to
the
number
of
thirteen
;
the
Associates
,
or
Confederates
;
and
the
Towns
,
which
depend
upon
their
direction
.
Now
,
these
Cantons
have
divers
forms
of
government
:
for
that
of
the
Villages
,
is
Democratical
:
and
that
of
the
Townes
,
Aristocratical
.
In
such
sort
,
as
that
this
Whole
,
being
contrived
of
Parts
entire
,
of
variours
humours
,
and
conditions
,
may
well
be
called
a
mixt
Common-wealth
,
which
is
kept
in
unity
,
by
the
onely
care
she
hath
of
her
own
preservation
.
At
their
Assembly
,
which
is
made
by
a
general
Convocation
,
to
treat
of
Warre
,
Allyance
,
Peace
,
and
other
affaires
of
importance
;
the
Embassadours
of
every
Town
are
to
meet
:
A
form
,
much
like
that
of
the
United
Provinces
,
which
took
Arms
against
their
Governours
,
and
framed
their
Common-wealth
,
by
the
advantage
of
their
situation
,
as
well
as
they
;
the
Sea
,
and
the
great
Rivers
being
the
same
to
those
,
which
the
mountaines
are
to
these
.
They
serve
their
Allyes
,
with
much
fidelity
;
but
if
their
wages
once
fail
,
they
take
their
leave
,
from
whence
that
Proverb
so
much
quoted
in
France
,
No
mony
,
no
Switsers
.
They
are
accused
of
being
clownish
,
and
simple
;
but
in
requitall
thereof
,
Their
fidelity
,
and
their
vertue
in
ar●●s
.
they
are
not
stained
with
enormous
vices
(
except
onely
drinking
)
as
some
other
nations
are
.
Above
all
,
they
detest
cheatery
;
and
their
fidelity
hath
been
much
esteemed
,
in
all
times
;
their
verue
in
Armes
,
very
remarkable
,
as
much
surpassing
that
of
the
rest
of
the
Germans
;
the
one
appearing
about
their
Prince
,
and
the
other
in
the
Field
:
however
,
at
present
(
all
being
subject
to
change
)
it
doth
not
much
cutstrip
that
of
other
nations
,
and
Francis
the
first
,
made
them
know
,
by
a
huge
rout
in
the
Dutchy
of
Milan
,
that
they
were
not
invincible
,
as
themselves
also
manifested
at
the
Battail
of
Pavia
,
where
they
could
tell
how
to
leave
Play
,
when
the
Game
did
not
please
them
.
Their
Government
(
as
we
have
already
said
)
is
in
some
parts
Democratical
;
and
their
Alliance
,
amongst
themselves
incorruptible
,
though
it
proceed
rather
from
a
common
necessity
of
their
own
preservation
,
then
from
perfect
amity
:
the
Religion
.
Their
Religion
,
in
some
of
the
Cantons
is
only
,
and
purely
,
Roman
Catholick
;
in
other
,
Reformed
:
and
in
some
again
,
mingled
.
This
Age
of
ours
,
being
the
most
fatall
,
and
most
martiall
,
that
ever
was
,
hath
not
spared
them
;
bloody
Mars
having
as
well
skip't
over
their
Mountains
,
as
through
the
Seas
,
the
Deserts
,
and
vast
Forrests
.
The
same
year
that
that
fatall
scourge-bringing
Torch
appeared
,
there
happened
an
accident
to
the
Grisons
,
which
sufficiently
testified
,
that
there
is
no
place
secure
from
destruction
.
The
story
of
the
year
1618.
For
,
upon
the
fourth
of
September
,
1618.
towards
the
evening
,
one
of
the
highest
Mountains
,
fell
down
by
means
of
an
Earthquake
,
and
overwhelmed
a
Burgh
,
Pleura
overthrown
by
a
Mountain
.
or
little
Town
called
Pleura
,
and
crushed
the
Inhabitants
in
such
manner
,
as
that
neither
their
cryes
,
nor
groanes
could
be
heard
;
no
not
so
much
as
any
trace
,
or
signe
at
all
,
lest
of
the
place
.
A
tumuh
in
the
Valteline
.
Two
yeares
after
,
the
Inhabitants
of
Valteline
,
being
very
ill
treated
by
the
Grisons
,
in
the
Exercise
of
their
Religion
,
conspired
against
them
,
and
by
the
help
of
Rodolph
Plante
,
killed
a
great
multitude
,
and
beat
the
rest
out
of
the
Valley
;
and
being
succoured
by
the
Spaniards
(
for
the
advancement
of
their
own
interest
)
made
many
Fortresses
,
for
their
own
defence
.
The
Venetians
jealous
to
see
the
Spaniards
there
.
But
,
the
Venetians
,
jealous
of
their
interest
,
and
laying
aside
that
of
Religion
,
were
terrified
by
seeing
the
Gate
of
Italy
shut
up
:
and
the
King
of
France
also
,
advertised
by
them
,
of
the
common
danger
;
declared
his
interest
,
by
an
Embassadour
,
whom
he
sent
to
Madrid
,
the
fruit
of
whose
negotiation
produced
a
Promise
of
restitution
,
provided
that
the
Roman
Catholicks
were
entyrely
assured
of
ther
Exercise
.
For
,
the
Policy
of
the
Spaniards
,
is
,
to
tye
the
interest
of
Religion
to
that
of
State
,
as
many
other
Princes
towards
the
North
,
also
do
:
and
upon
these
grounds
,
cold
,
and
disinteressed
Catholicks
,
endeavour
to
make
them
pass
for
Hypocrites
,
and
perswade
all
the
world
,
that
under
this
Cloak
,
they
will
strip
all
Princes
of
their
States
.
Who
are
attacked
by
the
Grisons
.
The
Grisons
,
loosing
their
patience
,
in
the
long
expectation
of
the
departure
of
the
Spaniards
,
fell
upon
them
,
and
were
shamefully
repulsed
.
The
Arch-Duke
Leopold
,
and
the
Duke
of
Feria
,
hastened
thither
,
who
compelled
the
poor
Grisons
to
a
peace
,
and
thereby
acknowledge
,
that
themselves
alone
,
were
not
able
to
expell
such
Guests
as
these
,
who
were
so
advantageously
lodged
.
Yet
,
this
was
not
enough
;
for
the
Spaniards
,
though
well
intrenched
,
for
they
could
not
remain
there
,
without
continual
fear
:
and
so
the
quarrel
was
renewed
,
and
Allyances
made
,
to
force
them
out
:
Upon
which
the
Marquis
de
Cocurre
entred
with
some
Troops
,
and
rooted
them
out
of
their
Holds
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
Savoyers
,
joyned
with
the
French
,
under
the
conduct
of
that
famous
Constable
,
de
l'
Edigniores
;
brought
a
warre
,
into
the
State
of
Genoa
.
took
many
Towns
,
and
gave
an
Alarme
to
all
Italy
.
But
this
fine
appearance
,
being
stopped
by
a
misfortune
,
made
the
Troops
return
,
as
being
destinated
for
a
supply
,
against
the
Duke
of
Soubize
,
and
obliged
the
King
,
by
the
request
of
the
Pope
,
to
give
peace
to
Italy
,
The
Valteline
in
the
hands
;
of
the
Pope
.
and
sequester
the
Valteline
into
his
hands
;
save
only
that
both
the
Kings
,
were
to
have
their
passage
with
their
forces
that
way
.
About
the
same
time
,
there
was
discovered
a
Conspiracie
against
the
King
of
France
,
and
the
Duke
of
Vandosme
his
Brother
,
the
great
Priour
,
the
Marshall
d'
Ornano
,
and
many
others
put
in
prison
,
where
the
two
last
ended
their
dayes
,
without
much
noise
:
and
the
Count
of
Chulois
,
by
the
hands
of
a
Common
Executioner
.
These
accidens
raised
much
hatred
upon
Cardinal
Richelieu
,
and
produced
many
Pasquils
against
him
.
Envy
and
Harred
,
are
ever
companions
to
the
vertue
of
great
Ministers
;
and
their
actions
are
never
free
from
blame
.
CHAP.
XII
.
Mansfeldt
hunts
every
where
for
relief
,
and
sets
an
Army
on
foot
.
The
Marriage
of
the
Prince
of
Wales
,
with
a
Daughter
of
France
,
after
his
return
out
of
Spain
.
HAnnibal
,
was
no
sooner
out
of
his
infancy
,
then
he
vowed
the
ruine
of
the
Romanes
,
and
being
revoked
from
Italy
,
after
he
had
domineered
there
the
space
of
seventeen
yeares
,
to
save
Carthage
,
he
there
ran
his
ship
a
ground
,
which
had
been
loaden
with
so
many
victories
,
against
the
great
Scipio
.
But
now
,
what
did
he
,
when
all
the
strings
of
his
Bow
were
broken
?
He
made
to
his
wits
,
for
new
ones
.
He
remembred
his
Oath
,
begged
succour
,
animiated
the
Kings
of
the
East
,
against
the
insatiable
ambition
of
the
Romanes
,
and
continued
his
hatred
,
even
to
the
very
last
gasp
of
his
breath
.
Mansfeldt
,
and
his
Bishop
seemed
to
have
taken
the
like
Oath
,
against
the
House
of
Austria
,
and
by
consequence
,
for
the
continuance
in
action
against
it
,
they
must
have
new
forces
.
Holland
could
furnish
them
with
matter
,
conveniency
,
money
,
and
hatred
enough
;
England
,
with
desire
enough
,
to
see
Frederick
again
in
the
Palatmate
;
and
France
,
with
jealousie
enough
,
in
regard
of
the
growth
of
the
aforesaid
House
.
There
wanted
no
bellowes
to
kindle
this
fire
;
mens
humours
being
already
disposed
that
way
,
by
diversity
of
Religions
,
hatred
,
envy
,
self-ends
,
and
Maxime
of
State
;
a
Cover
,
which
is
never
,
either
too
long
,
or
too
short
,
and
stronger
then
even
Justice
it self
.
But
now
,
as
these
Captains
had
not
so
much
trouble
to
perswade
,
as
that
Great
Affrican
;
so
had
they
notwithstanding
to
do
,
with
people
of
much
better
understanding
,
then
those
Barbarians
.
They
went
into
France
,
where
Mensfeldt
received
some
affronts
,
from
some
particular
persons
,
for
ill
treatments
given
the
French
in
Freezland
.
Mansfeldt
demands
succour
in
France
.
However
,
he
obtained
his
demand
:
namely
,
some
Force
;
the
Minister
,
who
then
began
to
climb
the
Horizon
of
favour
,
being
now
no
more
mindfull
of
the
services
both
asked
by
,
and
granted
to
the
Imperialists
,
before
Sedan
,
in
case
of
necessity
,
Maximes
of
State
are
more
forcible
then
obligations
,
and
Ministers
turn
their
Allyances
that
way
,
which
their
passions
carry
them
.
Now
,
King
James
,
though
by
the
negotiations
with
Spain
,
he
had
disgusted
many
of
the
Reformed
Religion
,
shewed
himself
neverthelesse
willing
to
have
as
good
intelligence
with
the
Catholick
States
,
as
the
King
of
France
had
,
with
the
Protestant
,
and
so
he
sent
Prince
Charles
his
Sonne
into
Spain
,
to
espouse
the
Infanta
Mary
:
but
,
after
the
losse
of
much
time
,
he
came
back
into
England
,
and
demanded
in
France
(
through
which
he
had
passed
disguised
)
the
Kings
Sister
,
who
was
more
easily
granted
him
.
Men
have
laboured
,
to
penetrate
into
the
Mystery
of
this
Treaty
;
but
all
,
by
conjecture
only
.
The
Roman
Catholicks
of
England
,
who
began
already
to
feel
some
warmth
of
the
businesse
,
were
extremely
afflicted
,
at
the
breach
of
the
aforesaid
Match
;
and
the
misfortune
which
befell
them
,
was
a
testimony
of
the
perpetuall
Crosse
,
which
was
ordained
for
them
,
in
the
Britannick
Islands
:
A
misfortune
at
London
.
for
,
being
met
in
a
private
Assembly
at
London
,
to
hear
masse
,
the
Loft
,
overburthened
by
the
multitude
,
sunk
down
,
and
bruised
near
a
hundred
persons
,
together
with
the
Priest
.
When
the
aforesaid
Prince
had
married
the
Daughter
of
Henry
the
fourth
,
and
sister
to
Lewis
the
thirteenth
,
he
,
and
his
Father
,
undertook
the
care
of
re-establishing
his
Brother-in-Law
,
in
the
Palatinate
:
In
such
sort
,
as
that
Mansfeldt
had
no
great
difficulty
to
transport
ten
thousand
English
into
Holland
,
who
almost
all
of
them
perished
at
Gerthrudenbergh
,
and
served
for
bait
to
the
Fish
.
The
French
Cavalry
,
consisting
of
three
thousand
,
did
likewise
,
no
very
long
service
:
for
,
the
Generalls
marching
towards
the
Rhein
,
and
tormenting
the
Arch-Bishop
,
after
their
old
fashion
,
their
Army
diminished
much
,
by
disbandings
;
and
themselves
fell
into
a
quarrel
,
which
had
almost
brought
them
to
a
Duell
:
though
at
last
,
they
returned
into
Holland
,
and
went
from
thence
to
the
North
,
to
warm
those
people
against
the
Emperour
.
The
Spaniards
passe
the
Isel
.
Upon
the
seventeenth
of
February
,
1624.
the
Spaniards
passed
upon
the
Ice
,
over
the
River
Isel
,
and
caused
a
terrour
,
as
faire
as
Holland
.
Whereup-the
Prince
was
constrained
again
to
lay
about
him
,
and
pass
to
Virick
:
and
the
States
,
to
command
the
Country-people
to
break
the
Ice
of
the
River
of
Vecht
.
But
Count
Henry
expected
neither
his
enemies
,
nor
the
thaw
,
which
would
have
made
him
to
be
caught
in
a
Pit-fall
;
but
retyred
himself
much
faster
then
he
came
,
and
many
of
his
souldiers
found
their
graves
in
the
River
of
Welaw
.
His
designe
was
,
to
fright
the
Peasants
,
and
not
to
hurt
the
States
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
The
Siege
of
Breda
.
The
Enterprizes
upon
Antwerp
.
SPinola
was
every
moment
devising
,
now
to
wipe
off
by
some
notable
enterprize
,
the
affront
he
had
received
before
Berghen
.
He
marched
into
the
field
,
sent
Count
Henry
towards
the
Rheyn
,
who
made
a
shew
of
besieging
Grave
;
and
Count
John
of
Nassaw
,
with
the
Horse
towards
Breda
;
who
,
at
his
arrivall
,
took
a
great
multitude
of
Boats
,
loaden
with
Provisions
.
Himself
followed
with
the
Foot
:
and
in
his
Councell
of
War
,
there
was
found
no
more
then
one
Colonell
,
who
thought
fit
to
begin
the
siege
;
The
siege
of
Breda
.
and
that
upon
the
same
reasons
,
whereby
Spinola
himself
was
moved
to
it
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
glad
to
see
his
Rivall
engaged
,
before
a
place
so
well
provided
of
all
necessaries
,
as
also
of
a
strong
Garrison
,
did
not
so
soon
dispose
himself
to
succour
it
,
but
gave
the
Spaniards
leisure
to
entrench
themselves
,
and
they
him
to
repent
himself
of
it
.
But
he
hoped
,
by
the
successe
of
his
designe
upon
Antwerp
,
long
before
premeditated
in
his
thoughts
,
and
held
by
him
infallible
;
The
enterprize
upon
the
Castle
or
Cittadell
of
Antwerp
.
to
unnestle
them
from
thence
,
and
cast
their
state
into
an
irremediable
confusion
.
He
was
well
informed
,
that
there
were
but
very
few
Souldiers
in
the
Cittadell
,
and
they
,
for
the
most
part
,
dismembred
,
and
cripled
.
Wherefore
,
he
sent
some
Troops
,
which
made
a
shew
of
coming
from
the
Camp
before
Breda
,
as
carrying
the
same
Motto's
and
Colours
,
which
Spinola
carried
;
they
arrived
undiscovered
,
to
the
very
Mote
,
applyed
their
Ladders
;
and
set
all
their
rare
Engynes
on
work
,
to
render
themselves
Masters
of
the
Place
;
whereof
they
could
not
have
failed
,
had
not
their
own
hearts
failed
them
first
.
For
one
Who
goes
there
of
the
Sentinell
,
followed
by
the
discharge
of
a
Musket
,
made
theirs
fall
our
of
their
hands
,
and
left
them
no
more
courage
then
onely
to
fly
.
It
was
thought
,
that
he
had
a
mind
to
bestow
the
honour
of
this
expeditiupon
the
Hollanders
,
whom
he
onely
employed
in
it
;
and
that
if
he
had
mingled
any
of
the
other
nations
with
them
,
the
businesse
would
have
issued
to
his
contentment
.
This
newes
struck
the
Marquis
almost
into
a
feaver
;
and
sent
the
Prince
loaden
with
Melancholy
,
to
the
Hage
,
where
towards
the
end
of
the
winter
,
he
died
,
leaving
his
Army
to
his
brother
Henry
Frederick
,
and
Spinola
before
Breda
;
who
,
seeing
no
meanes
to
take
it
by
force
,
resolved
to
famish
it
.
A
former
enterprize
upon
the
same
Cittadell
.
The
aforesaid
Prince
,
had
had
a
former
enterprize
,
upon
the
said
Cittadell
,
and
held
himself
so
sure
of
it
,
that
he
told
the
Burgomasters
of
Dort
,
at
his
departure
,
that
none
but
God
could
hinder
it
:
And
indeed
,
he
was
no
sooner
embarked
,
but
there
arose
so
violent
,
and
so
extreamly
cold
a
tempest
,
that
it
put
both
his
life
and
his
Fleet
in
danger
;
and
so
he
was
forced
to
return
.
God
hath
put
limits
to
Victories
,
which
cannot
be
passed
by
humane
wisdome
.
Spinola
,
having
sufficiently
learnt
,
how
needfull
it
was
to
be
vigilant
,
with
an
enemy
who
slept
not
;
reinforced
the
Garrison
of
the
aforesaid
Cittadell
;
kept
himself
fast
in
his
trenches
before
Breda
,
expecting
the
consumpsion
of
the
Provisions
of
the
Town
;
and
made
magazin
for
the
Winter
;
and
being
advertised
besides
,
that
the
Enemy
was
assembling
some
forces
,
and
that
four
Kings
had
interested
themselves
in
this
Siege
:
He
sent
for
some
Regiments
,
from
the
Emperour
.
Uladislaus
,
Prince
of
Poland
before
Breda
.
Prince
Vladislaus
,
since
King
of
Poland
,
came
to
see
this
famous
siege
,
and
was
received
by
the
whole
Army
,
with
such
military
honours
,
as
were
due
to
the
Sonne
of
a
King
,
and
a
very
great
Captaine
.
The
King
of
Spaine
having
foreseen
this
tempest
,
which
was
contrived
against
his
Low-Countries
,
and
being
unwilling
,
to
hazard
the
whole
,
for
one
piece
thereof
;
wrote
to
his
Aunt
,
that
it
was
better
to
leave
the
siege
,
then
obstinately
to
persist
,
in
the
impossibility
of
taking
the
Towne
,
with
the
losse
of
all
her
States
.
This
savoured
well
with
the
Emulators
of
the
said
Marquis
,
as
Don
Lewis
de
Velasco
,
&c.
A
Magazin
burnt
.
There
happened
also
another
misfortune
,
which
was
,
that
the
Hollander
,
fired
a
Magazin
,
which
would
have
staggered
any
other
General
,
but
such
a
one
as
he
;
who
quickly
requited
this
losse
,
and
by
his
vigilancie
,
repulsed
the
English
,
who
with
a
most
martiall
courage
,
went
to
attack
a
Quarter
of
his
Camp
.
Breda
copitulates
.
In
fine
,
after
a
Siege
of
ten
moneths
,
Breda
was
yeelded
;
and
it
happened
the
very
same
day
that
the
Kings
Letters
arrived
,
with
his
absolute
command
,
to
draw
off
the
Army
.
We
left
the
King
of
Poland
,
with
his
Nobility
,
marching
against
the
great
Turk
;
and
therefore
let
us
now
look
what
the
Swedes
,
in
the
mean
while
,
are
doing
.
Gustavus
laid
hold
of
that
occasion
;
passed
an
army
into
Livonia
;
and
after
the
siege
of
five
weeks
,
to
the
great
trouble
of
the
Citizens
,
took
Riga
.
The
Swedes
take
Riga
.
The
Polanders
hereupon
,
made
loud
complaints
of
him
,
for
beginning
the
Warre
,
just
when
they
were
busied
,
against
the
Common
Enemy
:
and
for
breaking
the
Truce
;
in
the
articles
whereof
it
was
comprized
,
that
the
one
of
the
Kings
should
not
enter
into
the
Lands
of
the
other
,
without
having
denounced
the
War
,
three
moneths
before
.
To
which
,
the
Swedes
made
answer
,
that
they
had
sent
their
Embassadours
;
And
m●●k
at
the
complaints
of
the
Foles
and
that
they
were
not
able
to
dispatch
their
Commissions
any
sooner
,
being
hindered
by
windes
,
and
tempests
;
which
were
to
be
accused
,
and
not
they
:
a
trick
of
War
,
which
must
be
made
passe
for
good
,
according
to
the
Maximes
of
this
Age.
In
short
,
this
occasion
was
favourable
to
the
Swedes
,
who
cared
as
much
for
their
reasons
,
as
Monsieur
de
Montmorancy
did
,
for
those
of
the
Magistrates
of
Metz
,
when
he
was
gotten
into
possession
of
their
Towne
.
This
War
was
finished
by
a
Truce
,
whereby
the
Swedes
were
obleiged
to
return
by
Sea
,
after
they
had
well
fortifyed
Riga
,
with
intention
never
to
restore
it
againe
.
Now
,
the
Electour
Palatine
,
after
being
spoiled
of
his
States
,
was
deprived
also
of
his
Dignities
,
and
his
Electorat
transferred
upon
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
his
Cosin
,
1623.
which
much
augmented
hatred
,
against
the
Emperour
,
Duke
Maximilian
,
and
all
the
Catholicks
;
and
caused
,
in
fine
,
many
new
Allyances
to
be
made
,
which
put
spurts
to
the
War
we
are
going
to
discribe
,
in
this
next
Book
.
The
Electour
Palatin
spoiled
of
his
States
,
and
banished
.
This
Prince
was
crowned
King
of
Bohemia
,
the
fourteenth
of
November
.
1619.
in
the
moneth
of
January
following
,
he
made
his
Allyances
;
and
in
the
same
year
also
,
he
lost
his
Kingdome
,
and
his
States
,
was
proscribed
by
the
Emperours
Edict
,
and
his
Coronation
declared
Null
.
He
who
grasps
much
,
holds
little
;
and
it
often
falls
out
,
that
whilest
we
are
in
pursute
of
other
mens
good
,
we
lose
our
owne
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
THIS
IRON
AGE
.
THE
FOURTH
BOOK
.
CHAP.
I
The
Warre
of
Denmark
.
The
Allyances
of
the
Kings
of
France
,
England
,
Denmark
,
and
the
States
of
Holland
against
the
Emperour
.
GEneral
Mansfeldts
arguments
,
had
as
much
efficacy
in
the
North
,
as
they
had
towards
the
South
;
because
the
dangers
,
which
seemed
to
threaten
that
Country
,
were
grown
greater
,
and
besides
,
a
Prince
which
becomes
potent
,
makes
himself
both
feared
,
and
hated
.
Tilly
wintered
in
Hassia
,
in
despight
of
the
Landgrave
Maurice
,
nor
were
the
States
of
Low-Saxony
a
little
troubled
,
to
see
the
Imperiall
Eagles
fluttering
up
and
down
upon
their
fronteers
;
and
that
not
without
giving
them
great
incovenience
;
besides
,
that
they
feared
,
lest
they
should
peradventure
come
to
replant
their
old
authority
there
.
The
King
of
Denmark
,
together
with
many
other
Princes
,
and
States
thereabouts
,
were
moved
to
much
impatience
,
by
the
ruine
of
Frederick
;
as
apprehending
,
lest
these
Guests
should
come
,
and
take
up
their
lodging
amongst
them
.
Wherefore
being
advertised
by
common
danger
,
and
by
that
,
which
themselves
,
perhaps
,
would
have
done
,
if
they
had
had
the
same
power
,
and
right
which
the
Emperour
had
,
they
made
a
League
for
the
defence
of
the
Circle
of
the
Lower
Saxony
,
into
which
entred
the
Kings
of
England
,
France
,
and
Sweden
;
together
with
the
States
Generall
,
and
the
King
of
Denmark
himself
was
the
Head
,
A
League
against
the
Em
perour
.
as
being
General
of
the
said
Circle
.
The
Dukes
of
Brunswick
,
Mekelenburgh
,
and
Holstein
;
the
Administratour
of
Magdeburgh
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Bremen
,
subscribed
also
to
it
.
The
Emperours
forces
,
in
the
mean
while
,
grew
strong
,
and
Tilly
began
to
smell
,
that
under
the
mask
of
amity
,
there
were
some
new
designes
a
brewing
;
however
they
protested
,
that
they
were
doing
nothing
against
the
Emperour
.
But
he
answered
,
that
the
Embassadours
of
the
States
of
Holland
,
were
not
there
,
Tilly
in
Hastis
.
to
thred
pearles
;
and
that
he
was
sure
,
that
nothing
was
treated
to
his
Masters
advantage
,
where
they
had
any
credit
;
and
consequently
,
for
a
greater
testimony
of
his
diffidence
,
he
sent
for
Wall●stain
,
with
an
Army
,
to
come
and
succour
him
.
Causes
lye
hidden
,
under
pretexts
drawn
from
necessity
,
and
justice
,
but
they
are
easily
discovered
,
by
people
of
the
same
profession
.
Many
Prodigies
preceded
the
fatall
warres
;
as
Armies
fighting
in
the
Ayre
,
raining
of
Blood
,
great
Tempests
;
bearing
down
Trees
,
Houses
,
and
Dammes
.
But
that
,
which
was
by
all
interpreted
for
an
ill
Augure
,
or
Token
,
was
,
that
the
King
going
one
evening
to
walk
upon
the
Rampars
,
The
Prodigies
.
or
Walls
of
the
Town
of
Hamelen
,
to
visit
the
Sentinels
,
his
horse
stumbled
at
a
plank
,
and
threw
him
into
the
Mote
or
Ditch
,
out
of
which
he
was
drawne
two
houres
after
,
and
conceived
to
be
dead
,
for
more
then
three
dayes
together
.
In
the
mean
while
,
they
who
laid
most
to
heart
,
the
love
of
their
Country
,
and
Rest
,
employed
all
diligence
,
to
find
a
means
to
reconcile
this
Difference
,
thereby
to
divert
the
misfortune
,
wherein
all
Lower
Saxony
was
likely
to
be
involved
.
To
which
effect
,
a
Treaty
of
Peace
was
held
at
Brunswick
,
and
it
was
already
agreed
,
that
the
Armies
should
be
licensiated
,
They
treat
of
peace
in
vain
.
by
Regiments
;
to
wit
,
that
the
King
should
casheer
the
first
,
Tilly
the
next
,
and
so
consecutively
by
turnes
,
to
the
end
.
But
this
Treaty
was
broken
off
by
ambition
,
and
so
,
such
advantages
as
could
not
be
reaped
thereby
,
were
sought
by
way
of
Arms.
The
Gamester
is
more
willing
to
hazard
another
mans
money
,
then
his
own
.
I
will
note
only
the
principal
actions
of
the
warre
,
and
content
my selfe
with
saying
,
that
it
is
very
probable
,
that
the
Emperour
had
a
design
,
to
make
his
Authority
,
and
Religion
flourish
afresh
,
in
those
Countries
,
where
there
was
no
more
left
,
then
a
faint
,
and
languishing
knowledge
thereof
;
and
,
The
ayne
of
the
League
.
that
mingled
with
coldness
,
contempt
,
and
hatred
.
But
as
for
the
contrary
Party
,
they
endeavoured
,
not
onely
to
repell
the
aforesaid
Guest
,
but
also
by
vertue
of
the
Allyance
,
to
restore
the
Prince
to
his
States
,
by
force
of
Arms
,
since
it
could
not
be
done
by
intercessions
;
and
so
,
in
fine
,
deliver
all
the
Princes
,
from
the
jealousie
which
was
given
them
by
this
House
,
puffed
up
with
so
many
victories
.
The
King
retyred
with
his
Army
,
as
farre
as
the
Bishopprick
of
Werden
,
and
thereby
gave
the
Imperialists
opportunity
to
seaze
upon
many
places
:
But
Fortune
varied
at
Niemburgh
,
from
which
Town
,
after
the
losse
of
a
very
great
number
of
their
men
,
they
were
constrained
to
retreat
,
though
yet
the
said
losse
,
were
repayred
shortly
after
,
by
the
taking
of
Calembergh
,
and
the
defeating
of
some
companies
of
Dragoons
.
Tilly
followes
the
River
of
Weser
,
and
Wallenstein
,
that
of
the
Elbe
.
Wallenstein
followed
the
River
of
Elbe
,
and
Tilly
,
that
of
Weser
,
who
having
occupated
the
Bishopprick
of
Hall
,
entred
the
Dutchy
of
Anholt
,
and
fortified
the
Bridge
of
Dassaw
.
Mansfeldt
attacked
this
Fort
,
and
being
repulsed
,
joyned
with
the
Administratour
of
Hall
,
to
besiege
that
Town
.
Wallenstein
hastened
thither
;
so
they
fell
to
work
:
and
the
Fight
,
as
well
through
the
valour
of
the
souldiers
,
as
the
experience
of
the
Generals
,
was
long
time
dubious
enough
,
but
at
last
,
the
Horse
giving
ground
,
the
Foot
found
themselves
reduced
to
the
necessity
of
doing
the
same
;
and
such
as
could
not
save
themselves
by
flight
,
were
either
killed
,
or
taken
,
Mansfeldt
beaten
near
the
bridge
of
Dassaw
.
In
this
memorable
Battell
at
the
Bridge
of
Dassaw
,
all
Mansfeldts
glory
was
buried
;
howsoever
he
lost
not
his
courage
by
so
furious
an
overthrow
,
but
having
gotten
on
foot
,
a
fresh
Army
of
sixteen
thousand
men
,
(
for
Germany
,
and
the
Septemtrion
were
yet
full
of
brave
Souldiers
)
he
drew
towards
Silesia
,
took
in
some
places
,
passed
thence
into
Transylvania
,
where
he
gave
up
his
Army
to
the
Duke
of
Wimar
;
and
accompanied
by
some
of
his
principall
Officers
,
put
himself
in
the
way
towards
Venice
;
but
a
Dysentery
,
or
Bloody
Flux
,
or
rather
(
according
to
the
opinion
of
some
)
a
Potion
,
stopped
the
course
of
his
journey
,
His
death
.
designes
,
and
life
,
altogether
;
and
delivered
the
Emperour
from
a
troublesome
Enemy
:
and
the
Duke
of
Wimar
also
a
short
space
after
,
followed
him
,
not
to
Venice
,
but
to
the
other
world
.
Thus
ended
the
life
,
of
this
famous
General
,
who
had
been
fortunate
enough
in
raising
Armies
,
but
not
in
fighting
Battels
.
Wallenstine
,
having
stifled
the
War
of
Transylvania
,
marched
back
into
Silesia
,
dissipated
Wimars
Troops
,
and
retook
the
occupated
places
:
And
Baudis
,
and
Holck
,
being
sent
to
joyne
with
the
said
Duke
,
were
cut
off
by
Merode
,
and
Beckman
:
So
that
Wallenstein
,
having
put
an
end
to
all
their
disorders
,
returned
towards
Brunswick
.
Tilly
being
intent
upon
the
occasions
of
hurting
his
enemies
,
went
,
and
unexpectedly
attacked
a
Quarter
commanded
by
that
Valiant
Souldier
Obertrawt
;
who
,
together
with
one
of
the
Dukes
of
Anholt
,
and
some
hundreds
of
Souldiers
,
Obertrawt
killed
.
was
slaine
in
this
encounter
;
and
when
Tilly
went
to
visit
,
and
comfort
him
,
he
answered
him
,
Monsieur
de
Tilly
,
in
such
waters
,
are
taken
such
fish
.
Now
the
King
finding
himself
in
great
danger
,
by
the
losse
of
Mansfeldt
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Halberstadt
,
(
who
died
at
the
same
time
,
at
Wolfenbottel
,
after
he
had
vomited
up
a
Worm
of
about
four
ells
long
)
did
not
yet
lose
his
courage
.
The
death
of
the
Bishop
of
Halbersiadt
.
Nature
shews
her
strength
in
despair
,
and
Vertue
hers
,
in
extremity
.
He
saw
two
Armies
upon
his
skirts
,
to
be
opposed
by
him
,
and
therefore
he
resolved
to
attack
the
one
of
them
,
being
more
inflamed
to
vengeance
,
by
the
losse
of
Munden
,
which
he
slighted
,
and
the
furious
blow
,
which
was
given
his
Cavalrie
,
by
Count
Furstembergh
.
But
,
he
was
a
little
too
tardy
,
in
going
to
drive
Tilly
from
the
siege
of
Gothing
:
Besides
that
he
stayed
at
Luther
,
against
the
advice
of
his
Lieutenant
Generall
Fucks
:
and
Tilly
,
thereby
to
make
himself
as
glorious
as
Wallenstein
,
desired
nothing
more
earnestly
,
then
to
slight
.
I
fine
,
the
Battell
was
given
with
so
much
obstinacie
,
that
the
old
Bands
,
which
had
been
accustomed
to
vanquish
,
Battell
of
Luther
the
twenty
seventh
of
August
,
1626.
began
almost
to
stagger
towards
flight
;
but
their
time
was
not
yet
come
,
and
the
puissant
Gemus
of
their
Generall
,
had
a
great
advantage
upon
that
of
the
King
;
who
perceiving
his
Horse
fly
,
and
not
being
able
,
either
by
his
presence
,
or
exhortations
,
to
detaine
them
:
was
compelled
to
abandon
his
Foot
,
to
the
mercy
of
the
Enemy
,
and
retyre
himself
as
fast
as
he
could
gallop
,
to
Wolfenbottel
.
This
was
a
great
and
bloody
Fight
,
and
the
Imperialists
remained
entirely
victorious
in
it
.
The
Victory
of
the
Imperialists
and
the
death
of
Generall
Fucks
Brave
Generall
Fucks
,
who
had
disswaded
the
Battell
,
lost
his
life
in
this
occasion
,
and
gave
the
King
sufficient
testimony
,
that
it
was
not
through
basenesse
of
heart
or
cowardize
,
but
upon
strong
arguments
,
that
he
desired
him
not
to
precipitate
.
Many
other
Officers
were
also
slain
,
together
with
above
six
thousand
Souldiers
:
Thirty
Pieces
of
Canon
,
three
thousand
Prisoners
,
fourscore
and
ten
Colours
,
adorned
the
Conquerours
Chariot
;
and
all
the
booty
was
given
to
the
Souldiers
,
in
recompence
of
their
Valour
.
This
was
that
famous
Battell
of
Luther
,
which
happened
upon
the
27
th
.
of
August
,
whereby
the
Emperours
authority
,
and
the
joy
of
his
Allyes
was
much
augmented
,
and
their
Enemies
fear
redoubled
:
and
after
this
there
followed
a
continuall
thred
of
Victories
,
and
taking
of
Towns
,
even
to
the
very
sea-side
.
Favour
flatters
Fortune
,
and
when
there
is
no
more
meanes
lest
,
to
make
open
resistance
against
the
storme
,
the
sailes
must
be
taken
in
,
or
the
Vessel
steered
for
safety
,
to
the
shelter
of
some
Wood
,
or
Rock
.
The
Duke
of
Brunswick
quitts
the
League
.
The
Duke
of
Brunswick
followed
this
Maxime
,
by
making
his
Peace
,
and
renouncing
the
League
with
Saxonie
.
Tilly
lost
no
time
,
seized
upon
Rotemburgh
,
and
many
other
places
;
whilest
the
King
recollected
the
fragments
of
his
Army
,
and
put
it
in
Equipage
,
during
the
Winter
,
but
to
no
purpose
,
For
this
vessell
was
too
much
tottered
,
to
do
any
more
service
at
all
.
In
conclusion
,
Tilly
having
taken
Nontheen
,
drew
neer
the
River
of
Elbe
,
which
was
also
to
be
conquered
,
after
the
conquest
of
so
many
enemies
.
But
,
we
leave
France
too
long
in
Peace
,
which
yet
was
not
all
this
while
quiet
.
CHAP.
II
The
prosecution
of
the
second
Warre
against
the
Hughenots
.
The
Peace
made
,
by
the
undertaking
of
the
King
of
England
,
the
Venetians
,
and
the
Hollanders
.
Warre
between
France
,
and
England
,
and
why
?
The
beginning
of
the
third
,
and
last
Warre
against
the
Hughenots
.
Cardinall
Richelieu
makes
himself
known
,
admired
,
and
feared
.
The
siege
,
and
reduction
of
Rochell
.
The
Duke
of
Soubize
takes
some
shipps
.
WE
have
already
shewed
,
how
the
Peace
was
made
in
Italy
,
as
well
upon
the
request
of
the
Pope
,
as
to
put
a
remedy
,
to
the
inopinated
Invasion
of
the
Duke
of
Soubize
;
who
against
all
expectation
,
and
in
full
peace
,
launched
with
a
Fleet
from
Rochell
,
came
before
the
Port
of
Blavet
,
and
seized
upon
some
ships
,
which
he
found
there
.
But
,
the
Duke
of
Vandosme
,
who
was
Governour
of
the
Province
,
transported
himself
thither
,
with
so
much
promptitude
,
that
he
hindred
the
aforesaid
Duke
from
making
any
farther
progresse
,
and
forced
him
to
retyre
,
with
two
or
three
great
Vessels
,
and
some
of
a
middle
burthen
.
In
such
sort
,
as
that
by
this
invasion
,
The
peace
is
broken
.
the
Peace
,
which
was
made
in
the
year
1622
,
before
Montpellier
,
was
broken
,
in
that
of
1625
,
and
the
Duke
of
Rohan
his
brother
,
recommenced
the
Warre
in
earnest
,
both
in
High
,
and
Low
Languedock
,
under
pretext
that
the
Treaty
of
Peace
had
been
ill
observed
.
The
King
sends
an
Embassadour
to
the
Hague
.
This
surprize
so
much
displeased
the
King
,
that
he
forth
with
sent
all
those
Troops
which
were
destinated
for
Italy
,
towards
Brittany
,
and
an
Embassadour
to
the
Hague
,
to
summon
the
States
,
to
his
assistance
,
with
twenty
ships
,
according
to
the
tenour
of
the
Allyance
made
betwixt
them
.
But
,
the
Embassadour
found
some
repugnance
in
the
Colledge
of
the
said
States
,
in
respect
of
Religion
;
though
yet
,
when
he
had
remonstrated
to
them
,
that
the
businesse
was
onely
to
humble
the
Kings
subjects
to
their
obedience
,
and
threatened
them
also
with
a
breach
,
in
case
of
refusall
,
they
granted
his
demand
.
My
Master
(
sayes
he
)
is
of
the
same
Faith
with
the
King
of
Spaine
,
and
yet
,
he
maketh
no
difficulty
to
assist
you
against
him
.
And
will
you
in
a
Warre
of
State
,
expresse
an
inconsiderable
zeale
of
Religion
?
He
obtaines
twenty
shipps
.
Soubize
being
beaten
retyres
into
England
Hereupon
,
the
States
dispatched
Admirall
Hantain
,
who
being
joyned
with
the
Kings
Navie
,
carried
himself
like
a
Mediatour
of
a
Reconcilliation
,
and
obtained
a
Truce
of
three
dayes
,
which
yet
,
was
ill
enough
kept
by
Soubize
,
who
hoped
to
draw
some
advantage
from
it
,
but
his
Fleet
was
defeated
,
and
he
forced
to
retyre
into
England
,
with
six
or
seven
vessels
,
and
so
the
French
took
the
Island
of
St.
Martin
,
and
built
two
Forts
there
.
The
King
,
upon
the
intercession
of
the
States
,
pardoned
them
of
Rochell
,
but
the
Zelanders
did
not
pardon
Admirall
Hautain
,
who
had
for
his
recompence
his
house
demolished
,
by
the
people
,
which
were
mad
at
the
losse
of
the
said
Place
.
But
these
were
ruled
by
the
passion
of
Religion
;
and
those
,
by
that
of
the
preservation
of
the
State
.
The
reason
why
Monsieur
de
Soubize
,
brake
the
Peace
,
was
,
because
the
King
had
differred
the
demolishment
of
Fort
Lewis
,
raised
near
Rochell
,
which
served
for
a
bridle
to
the
Town
,
and
a
Prospective
to
the
Townsmen
.
But
the
Governour
indeed
,
refused
to
do
it
,
upon
some
informations
which
he
had
received
from
the
Town
of
some
sinister
designes
.
In
fine
,
the
Fort
still
remained
entyre
,
for
all
this
,
and
was
to
prove
fatall
to
the
Party
,
illustrate
the
Kings
Majesty
throughout
all
France
,
and
cut
off
the
root
of
all
Religion
:
It
was
believed
,
that
the
Duke
of
Rohan
,
had
begged
succour
from
the
King
of
Spaine
,
in
this
discord
of
the
Reformates
,
and
his
own
,
and
his
brothers
disaster
;
but
being
pressed
by
the
King
of
England
,
the
Venetians
,
the
Hollanders
,
and
the
Savoyers
,
he
expected
not
the
return
of
his
Embassadour
,
The
Peace
is
made
by
an
allyance
against
the
Emperour
.
and
so
upon
the
instance
of
the
aforesaid
King
and
States
,
who
could
not
indure
the
ingrandishment
of
the
Imperiall
Majesty
in
Germany
,
the
Peace
was
renewed
,
the
same
year
that
it
was
broken
,
and
the
League
was
knit
up
in
Denmark
(
as
we
have
lately
said
)
in
the
year
1625.
But
before
that
warre
,
which
was
fatall
to
the
Danes
,
was
finished
,
began
the
disorders
,
which
thrust
themselves
in
,
between
the
French
and
English
:
the
reason
whereof
,
as
also
of
the
third
warre
,
which
consummated
the
ruine
of
the
Reformed
Party
,
you
shall
forthwith
understand
.
King
James
a
peaceful
Prince
King
James
,
jealous
of
his
Royall
authority
,
and
more
prone
to
study
then
fight
,
could
never
be
induced
,
to
assist
the
Hughenots
in
France
.
But
after
his
decease
,
King
Charles
his
sonne
,
by
the
reasons
of
Monsieur
de
Soubize
,
and
his
Favourite
,
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
suffered
himself
to
be
perswaded
to
it
;
manifesting
thereby
,
in
imitation
of
his
Brother
in
Law
,
that
that
Friendship
,
which
grew
from
the
allyance
of
marriage
,
was
weaker
,
then
that
of
interest
.
There
wanted
no
pretexts
,
as
well
of
Religion
,
as
otherwise
;
and
the
English
being
already
pricked
against
the
French
,
and
these
against
them
,
for
the
bad
treatment
of
the
Priests
,
and
Officers
of
the
Queen
,
they
were
easily
brought
to
break
,
as
well
by
the
arguments
of
Soubize
,
as
of
the
whole
Body
together
:
The
English
enter
the
Isle
of
Ray
1627.
and
so
the
English
Fleet
,
made
a
descent
,
or
disembarkment
in
the
Isle
of
Ray
,
in
the
moneth
of
July
,
of
the
year
1627
,
and
besieged
the
Fort
of
St.
Martin
,
which
was
not
yet
quite
finished
.
This
Warre
,
which
in
outward
appearance
,
had
no
other
scope
at
all
,
then
that
of
Religion
,
with
many
other
petty
punctilios
,
which
merited
not
so
much
as
an
ill
look
from
either
to
the
other
,
proved
fatall
to
the
English
,
and
glorious
to
the
French
,
Are
beaten
off
with
shame
.
by
the
enterance
which
they
made
into
the
Island
,
and
the
chase
they
gave
their
Enemies
,
from
thence
:
but
yet
more
glorious
to
Monsieur
de
Toir
as
,
who
defended
the
Fort
neer
four
moneths
,
both
against
them
and
famine
;
and
most
glorious
,
to
the
Marshal
of
Schoenbergh
,
who
put
in
the
succour
,
and
forced
them
,
after
they
were
lustily
beaten
,
to
retyre
to
their
ships
.
So
that
,
upon
the
matter
,
the
English
went
away
with
the
shame
,
and
the
Rochelers
stayed
,
with
the
losse
.
And
this
warre
,
helped
to
forward
the
King
of
Denmarks
ruine
,
in
regard
that
these
Kings
gave
him
not
the
assistance
they
had
promised
him
,
by
the
Contract
,
and
so
he
struck
a
ground
.
Rochell
.
The
Confederated
States
,
after
the
reduction
of
Rochel
,
were
saine
to
hear
,
as
well
the
reproaches
,
and
calumnies
of
the
whole
Body
of
the
Hughenots
of
France
,
as
the
taunts
,
and
raylings
of
the
English
,
Where
blinde
Passion
rules
,
there
is
no
roome
for
Reason
.
For
it
was
not
their
fault
,
that
this
difference
was
not
decided
by
some
other
meanes
,
then
that
of
armes
.
But
let
us
now
note
the
successe
of
this
siege
.
Rochell
,
is
a
Town
situated
in
the
Country
of
Asins
,
which
is
grown
to
have
great
traffick
,
and
riches
,
through
the
convenienie
of
the
Haven
,
The
growth
of
the
Towne
.
and
by
consequence
insolent
,
against
the
Kings
authority
.
The
Inhabitants
mutined
,
under
Francis
the
first
,
but
as
soon
as
they
saw
him
in
Arms
,
and
that
he
would
be
obeyed
,
their
audacity
quickly
turned
into
humility
.
After
they
embraced
the
Reformed
Religion
,
they
became
by
little
and
little
,
so
powerfull
,
and
so
considerable
,
that
the
Kings
through
that
the
necessity
of
their
affaires
,
were
often
obliged
,
to
make
a
shew
,
not
to
see
,
or
connive
at
that
,
which
was
not
invisible
to
any
.
When
we
cannot
correct
Vice
,
we
must
seem
to
be
ignorant
of
it
.
For
,
having
the
principall
Key
of
the
Kingdome
,
they
made
themselves
chief
of
the
Party
,
and
all
such
as
for
any
discontentment
,
absented
themselves
from
Court
,
and
bent
themselves
against
the
King
,
and
his
Authority
,
could
never
faile
to
be
welcome
unto
Rochell
.
It
is
besieged
by
Henry
the
3.
They
were
once
besieged
by
Monsieur
,
who
was
afterwards
Henry
the
Third
:
but
,
upon
request
of
the
Embassadours
of
Poland
,
the
siege
was
drawn
off
,
just
at
the
time
when
they
were
in
hazard
of
being
tamed
.
But
,
since
that
,
their
strength
,
together
with
their
Intelligence
,
both
within
,
and
without
the
Kingdome
is
so
much
augmented
;
they
have
relyed
upon
their
fortifications
,
and
have
subtracted
themselves
from
the
yoke
,
nor
more
nor
lesse
,
then
the
Imperiall
Towns
have
done
,
from
that
of
the
Emperour
.
Cardinall
Rechelieu
,
having
gotten
full
possession
of
the
Kings
favour
,
for
having
dissipated
some
tumults
,
and
found
out
the
Mine
(
whereof
the
Count
of
Chalais
payd
the
whole
score
,
as
a
Complice
,
for
all
the
rest
)
had
no
more
left
to
do
,
then
to
acquire
also
that
of
the
Clergie
,
and
People
,
by
some
remarkable
service
to
the
State
,
whereof
he
could
not
faile
,
by
the
reduction
of
Rochell
.
And
then
by
Lewis
the
13.
in
the
year
,
1627.
Now
,
the
King
being
informed
,
of
the
descent
of
the
English
in
the
Isle
of
Ray
,
commanded
his
Troops
to
march
,
and
as
soon
as
he
was
recovered
of
a
dangegous
sicknesse
,
which
he
had
at
that
time
,
he
made
them
also
intrench
,
and
advance
all
the
shipps
of
France
,
to
stop
the
Haven
,
even
the
Spaniards
themselves
,
comming
to
take
possession
of
the
place
,
which
the
Hollanders
had
left
,
under
a
specious
pretext
of
mending
their
Vessels
.
The
Damme
being
perfected
,
and
the
shipps
sunk
,
in
the
deepest
,
and
hollowest
place
of
the
Channell
,
the
besieged
were
reduced
to
a
famine
,
which
exceeded
that
of
Jerusalem
.
All
their
hope
was
in
the
English
;
and
Buckingham
made
all
the
haste
he
could
to
succour
them
,
who
had
furnished
him
with
victualls
for
his
Army
,
and
now
with
most
instant
,
and
urgent
supplications
,
begged
some
back
againe
from
him
:
but
he
being
assassinated
by
a
certaine
Englishman
,
Buckingham
killed
by
Felton
.
called
Felton
,
who
went
expresly
out
of
Holland
,
to
sacrifice
him
to
the
hatred
of
the
People
,
the
Fleet
was
retarded
.
This
murderer
committed
this
fact
,
by
the
meer
,
and
onely
impulse
of
zeal
,
to
the
Religion
,
and
so
,
by
thinking
to
forward
the
businesse
,
he
hindered
it
.
We
very
often
aspire
,
to
that
which
is
against
us
,
and
reject
that
which
is
for
us
.
This
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
had
entirely
disposed
of
King
James
,
and
was
no
lesse
in
the
favour
of
the
King
his
Sonne
:
though
neither
his
good
countenance
,
nor
his
gracefull
carriage
,
nor
his
liberality
,
nor
his
courtesie
,
was
ever
able
to
winne
the
People
,
who
held
him
still
,
for
the
Authour
of
all
imaginable
mischief
to
the
Kingdom
.
The
Reason
of
State
,
whereby
Princes
maintaine
.
Now
,
the
King
of
England
being
in
some
misunderstanding
with
his
Brother
in
Law
,
the
King
of
France
,
sent
the
Lord
Montalgue
,
to
the
Dukes
of
Lorraine
and
Savoy
,
to
animate
them
to
a
powerfull
diversion
,
thereby
to
withdraw
him
from
this
siege
.
What
cannot
reason
of
State
work
upon
Princes
,
who
ought
to
have
a
care
to
preserve
their
interests
,
by
all
rationall
meanes
?
By
this
same
reason
,
have
the
Kings
of
France
maintained
the
Hollanders
and
the
Protestants
.
By
this
,
might
it
seem
lawful
to
these
two
Princes
,
to
passe
by
the
consideration
of
Religion
:
By
this
do
the
Swissers
,
and
the
Venetians
.
uphold
themselves
.
And
the
two
aforesaid
,
knew
well
enough
,
that
the
French
having
fastened
this
pinne
,
would
not
,
faile
to
trouble
their
Neighbours
,
upon
the
very
first
occasion
,
since
there
wanted
no
pretext
;
besides
that
perswasion
,
whereby
some
flatterers
will
needs
make
them
believe
,
that
all
Europe
belongs
to
them
.
The
Cardinall
,
to
whom
all
these
plots
,
and
practises
were
not
unknown
,
as
having
his
Pensioners
in
England
,
as
well
as
elsewhere
,
provided
himself
for
them
.
The
Aequinoctiall
brought
the
Fleet
,
which
was
to
break
the
Damm
,
and
put
some
food
into
the
famished
Towne
.
The
Damm
.
The
Nobility
posted
thither
,
to
serve
their
King
,
and
purchase
glory
.
All
was
hemmed
in
with
Artillery
and
Souldiers
:
and
the
passage
so
stopped
,
as
well
by
the
said
Damm
,
and
variety
of
Engines
,
as
also
by
the
Vessels
;
that
the
English
not
seeing
any
meanes
to
penetrate
,
retyred
.
The
Rochelers
,
of
whom
there
was
not
above
the
tenth
part
left
(
so
much
were
they
wasted
with
hunger
)
rendered
themselves
into
the
hands
of
their
King
,
Rochell
being
starved
yields
.
who
took
them
into
his
mercy
,
and
granted
them
the
free
exercise
of
their
Religion
:
but
he
discharged
his
just
choler
,
upon
the
Bastions
,
and
Works
,
which
he
caused
to
be
thrown
down
.
Never
had
the
Hughenots
a
more
sensible
losse
then
this
,
nor
ever
had
the
Catholicks
a
more
gratefull
Victorie
.
Nor
was
the
Cardinall
without
his
share
thereof
;
the
French
every
where
singing
his
praises
,
raising
him
to
Heaven
;
making
him
their
Angel
Guardian
,
and
even
a
God
upon
earth
.
But
,
this
love
was
quickly
changed
,
and
this
second
Tiberius
made
them
feel
,
that
he
was
a
Fox
,
and
governed
himself
meerly
by
the
Maxims
of
Machiavell
.
CHAP.
III.
The
prosecution
of
the
Warre
of
Denmark
,
unfortunate
to
the
Danes
.
Wallenstein
in
vain
besieges
Stralsund
.
The
Peace
made
.
Tilly
passes
the
Elbe
.
SInce
we
have
left
Tilly
near
the
Elbe
,
let
us
march
on
with
him
,
and
see
what
resistance
he
findes
.
The
terrour
was
so
universal
,
that
every
body
fled
:
yea
,
the
souldiers
themselves
forsook
their
Canon
,
Forts
,
Arms
,
and
Baggage
,
at
the
very
name
of
this
great
General
.
Only
the
Marquis
of
Dourlac
presumed
to
face
about
;
but
the
Count
of
Slick
quickly
made
him
turn
his
back
,
and
stick
to
his
heels
.
The
number
of
the
Gunnes
,
and
Colours
,
much
illustrated
this
victory
.
There
were
no
more
left
,
Dourlac
,
Calembergh
,
and
Nell
are
beaten
.
then
the
Generals
Calembergh
and
Nell
,
who
being
found
intrenched
,
were
invested
by
the
said
Slick
,
and
having
no
hope
at
all
of
succour
,
yeelded
themselves
to
him
.
Three
thousand
horse
,
and
two
Regiments
of
Foot
took
part
with
the
Conquerors
.
But
,
the
Generals
having
gotten
possession
of
Holstein
,
and
Iutland
,
there
remained
yet
some
Townes
to
be
subdued
;
so
that
it
was
necessary
to
divide
the
forces
,
to
accomplish
the
work
,
Papenheim
was
before
Wolfenbottel
,
which
after
it
been
long
blocked
up
,
opened
him
the
Gates
.
Nerbrot
defeated
by
Anholt
.
There
chanced
yer
another
misfortune
in
the
Countrey
of
Bremen
,
which
drove
the
Allyes
quite
out
of
the
Field
:
and
it
was
,
that
General
Nerbrot
was
attacked
,
and
without
scarce
having
fought
for
it
,
utterly
routed
by
Anholt
;
so
great
power
had
fear
,
upon
such
as
were
staggered
by
the
puissant
Genius
of
victorious
Tilly
;
and
the
souldiers
being
deserted
by
their
General
,
forgot
their
duty
,
and
embraced
that
party
,
to
which
Fortune
most
inclined
.
What
strange
felicity
had
this
man
?
yea
,
even
higher
then
that
of
Iulius
Caesar
himself
,
since
he
could
more
clearly
and
truly
say
,
I
came
,
I
saw
,
and
I
overcame
.
Townes
besieged
by
the
Imperialists
.
The
Armies
finding
now
no
more
Armies
to
combat
,
were
employed
about
the
taking
of
Towns
;
by
the
resistance
whereof
,
many
souldiers
,
and
much
time
was
lost
;
and
leasure
given
the
King
,
to
fortify
himself
in
the
Isles
of
Funds
,
and
Zeland
.
Stade
,
after
a
huge
opposition
,
yeelded
to
Tilly
;
and
Newburgh
to
the
Duke
of
Brunswick
.
The
Imperialists
attempted
severall
times
to
passe
to
the
Islands
,
but
were
repulsed
with
losse
.
God
had
put
bounds
to
their
victories
,
and
would
not
suffer
this
generous
Prince
to
be
quite
dispoyled
of
his
kingdom
.
The
Conquerors
in
Meckelenburgh
.
The
Dukes
of
Meckelenburgh
took
part
with
the
King
;
for
Fate
,
it
seems
,
would
needs
involve
them
in
the
same
disasters
:
But
,
at
the
arrivall
of
the
Imperial
Troops
,
all
gave
way
,
all
stooped
;
the
Towns
opened
their
Gates
,
to
receive
Garrisons
,
and
their
purses
,
to
sweeten
the
insolencies
of
the
victorious
souldiers
.
A
hard
condition
,
for
that
poor
people
,
who
had
so
long
enjoyed
the
sweet
fruits
of
Peace
!
But
who
can
resist
against
the
cruel
lot
of
Destiny
?
Having
recovered
some
ships
,
they
tryed
for
the
last
time
,
to
passe
,
and
re-invest
the
poor
King
;
but
were
soundly
cudgelled
,
and
compelled
to
make
towards
Pomerama
,
which
was
already
conquered
,
except
Stralsund
,
and
Steene
:
the
former
whereof
being
a
Maritime
Town
,
was
besieged
by
Arnhem
,
upon
the
command
of
his
Generall
.
And
here
it
was
,
that
Fortune
made
the
Imperialists
confesse
,
that
if
they
could
domineer
by
land
;
Wallenstein
besieges
Stralsund
in
vain
.
their
enemies
could
do
as
much
,
upon
the
water
,
For
Wallenstein
thought
to
terrify
the
besieged
,
by
frequent
Assaults
;
but
not
being
able
to
hinder
the
entrance
of
the
ships
,
he
lost
an
infinity
of
good
souldiers
,
his
own
labour
,
and
some
part
also
of
his
glory
.
There
was
a
rumour
scattered
,
as
if
he
had
vanted
,
that
he
would
take
Stralsund
,
The
King
ha●cen
again
.
even
though
it
were
hung
in
the
ayer
,
and
tyed
with
Iron
chaines
.
The
King
regained
courage
,
and
footing
in
Pomerania
,
but
found
still
,
that
Fortune
was
yet
but
his
Step-mother
;
as
suffering
him
again
to
be
benten
near
Wolgast
;
so
that
he
could
do
no
more
,
then
re-inforce
the
besieged
,
who
were
ready
to
yeeld
,
and
retyre
himself
into
Denmark
.
Canipo
was
forced
by
famin
;
and
there
it
was
,
that
the
French
,
who
came
to
succour
the
King
,
manifested
their
valour
.
Gelucstat
,
a
strong
place
upon
the
River
below
Hamburgh
,
was
long
time
beleaguered
in
vain
by
Tilly
,
who
lost
both
his
time
,
and
his
labour
,
about
that
;
as
Wallenstein
did
his
,
before
Stralsund
.
In
fine
,
a
Peace
was
treated
;
and
a
Warre
finished
in
five
moneths
,
which
had
lasted
five
yeares
.
Peace
made
.
1629.
The
King
abandoned
by
almost
all
his
Allyes
,
(
who
had
work
enough
at
home
)
with
a
Royall
and
indemptable
heart
,
employed
all
his
abilities
,
and
industry
,
not
only
to
defend
his
Islands
,
but
also
to
expell
his
enemies
out
of
Holstein
.
But
the
peace
concluded
at
Lubec
,
put
a
period
to
all
his
troubles
;
dislodged
the
Imperialists
(
since
they
had
lost
the
hope
of
conquering
the
whole
Kingdom
)
out
of
his
Territories
;
and
freed
all
the
North
,
from
the
danger
whereby
it
was
threatned
,
of
a
change
,
both
in
Church
,
and
State
.
By
this
Peace
(
which
a
certain
French
Writer
terms
shameful
for
the
Conquerours
,
as
being
with
intention
to
dispossess
a
Catholick
Prince
of
his
lawfull
succession
)
the
King
renounced
the
Provinces
of
Saxony
,
and
so
the
amity
between
the
two
Princes
was
renewed
.
The
Emperour
writing
to
the
King
,
told
him
formally
,
that
their
quarrel
proceeded
from
nothing
,
but
the
craft
and
practises
of
some
certain
Merchants
.
The
States
Generall
,
being
fearfull
,
left
by
so
many
losses
heaped
together
,
and
the
felicity
which
accompanied
this
valorous
Count
,
the
Imperialists
should
gain
Zeland
,
The
Hollanders
will
defend
the
Sound
.
and
make
themselves
Masters
of
that
famous
Streight
,
which
is
of
so
much
consequence
;
offered
to
defend
it
with
their
ships
.
But
the
most
desired
newes
of
the
Peace
,
and
Retreat
,
stifled
all
these
apprehensions
.
Whatsoever
was
past
,
was
sunk
into
the
gulph
of
oblivion
;
all
setled
,
is
it
had
been
,
before
the
Warre
;
and
the
Emperour
gave
sufficient
testimony
,
that
he
knew
as
well
how
to
restore
,
and
pardon
,
as
to
vanquish
;
and
that
he
had
taken
armes
,
to
defend
the
Majesty
of
the
Empyre
,
and
his
own
Authority
;
not
to
strip
the
King
of
his
kingdoms
.
This
Peace
was
received
by
all
the
Subjects
of
the
King
,
as
a
speciall
grace
sent
them
from
God
:
but
that
,
which
was
deplorable
in
it
,
was
,
that
he
was
forced
to
abandon
the
cause
of
his
Cousins
,
the
Dukes
of
Meckelenbergh
;
who
,
for
having
embraced
his
,
and
followed
his
Party
(
or
rather
,
for
having
conjoyned
their
armes
with
all
the
members
of
the
Circle
)
were
proclaimed
Out-lawes
,
The
Dukes
of
Meckel●nbergh
excluded
from
Peace
.
Their
Dutchy
given
to
Wallenstein
.
and
their
Dutchy
ingaged
to
Wallenstein
,
who
was
afterward
put
in
possession
thereof
as
true
Duke
,
by
the
Emperour
.
This
proceeding
,
as
being
very
rigorous
against
Princes
,
of
so
ancient
,
and
so
illustrious
a
Family
,
and
totally
contrary
to
Ferdinands
clemency
,
made
the
House
of
Austria
suspected
,
not
only
of
intending
to
establish
her
Authority
in
the
North
,
but
of
making
also
the
very
Empire
it self
Hereditary
,
and
to
go
yet
farther
too
,
if
occasion
were
offered
.
And
this
,
upon
the
matter
,
was
partly
the
cause
of
the
Swedish
warre
,
as
we
shall
shortly
demonstrate
.
But
let
us
go
into
Austria
,
where
we
shall
find
very
fine
house-keeping
.
CHAP.
IV
The
Warre
of
the
Peasants
in
Austria
.
WHilest
all
the
North
trembled
at
the
Imperial
Eagles
,
and
that
nothing
but
the
salt
ayer
of
the
Ocean
was
able
to
stop
,
either
their
flight
,
or
their
victories
:
behold
a
little
spark
in
Austria
,
both
contemptible
,
and
contemned
,
raised
within
a
few
moneths
,
such
an
embarasment
,
as
frighted
that
invincible
Monarch
,
at
the
same
time
that
all
the
Princes
began
(
with
good
reason
)
to
apprehend
him
,
through
the
constant
felicity
of
his
Generalls
.
These
disorders
were
caused
by
diversity
of
Religion
,
and
the
Politicians
,
together
with
such
as
aspired
to
change
,
moved
them
on
to
that
point
,
which
we
are
now
going
to
describe
.
The
cause
of
the
Revolt
of
the
Peasants
.
Ferdinand
,
being
a
very
zealous
Prince
,
thought
it
his
duty
to
draw
,
either
by
fair
meanes
or
foul
,
all
his
Subjects
to
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
;
and
his
Councell
alledged
,
that
his
Authority
would
still
be
wavering
,
as
long
as
there
should
be
any
Hereticks
in
his
States
.
And
so
it
was
facil
to
perswade
him
,
to
a
thing
which
hè
conceived
to
depend
upon
his
conscience
.
Whereupon
he
commanded
all
his
Subjects
,
either
forthwith
to
embrace
the
Catholick
Religion
,
or
depart
out
of
Austria
,
within
a
certain
term
prescribed
them
.
A
bold
resolution
,
and
found
strange
opposition
.
He
declared
in
his
Letters
Pattents
,
that
Heresie
,
under
the
pretext
of
Liberty
of
Conscience
,
and
Priviledges
,
hatched
nothing
in
her
bosome
,
but
Revolts
,
Sedition
,
and
Devices
to
shake
off
the
yoke
of
Soveraigns
,
and
lawfull
Magistrates
.
Princes
look
upon
the
interest
of
State
,
and
the
People
,
that
of
Religion
;
which
once
lost
,
farewell
all
respect
with
it
.
The
Peasants
must
therefore
be
stirred
up
,
to
try
if
luck
would
turn
,
and
whether
Fortune
would
be
alwayes
fixed
with
a
Diamant-Nayle
.
Complaints
were
rejected
;
Count
Hebersdorf
,
the
inexorable
executor
of
this
importunate
and
unseasonable
Command
,
was
first
chased
away
with
stones
,
and
afterwards
fury
affoarded
other
weapons
.
For
the
said
Peasants
,
to
the
number
of
ten
thousand
,
cut
off
his
forces
,
seazed
upon
many
Castles
,
and
small
Places
;
and
being
at
lenth
,
re-inforced
by
forty
thousand
men
,
and
forty
Peeces
of
Ordnance
,
pillaged
all
Austria
,
sparing
neither
Priest
,
Monk
,
nor
Gentleman
.
The
Clergy
hath
ever
served
as
Fee
,
or
prey
to
the
seditious
.
The
Emperour
wrote
to
them
;
but
they
,
endeavouring
to
obtain
by
force
,
what
was
denied
to
their
supplication
,
disdained
to
answer
him
.
Upon
which
,
he
dispatched
other
Embassadours
,
to
endeavour
to
reduce
them
gently
,
to
their
duty
;
but
they
retained
them
,
and
sent
some
from
themselves
to
Vienna
,
to
demand
free
exercise
of
their
Religion
:
dismission
of
the
souldiers
,
and
a
generall
pardon
for
what
was
past
:
All
which
they
had
obtained
,
had
not
their
prosperity
,
by
the
defeat
of
some
of
the
Duke
of
Bavaria's
Troops
,
made
them
undertake
more
.
If
any
grow
blind
by
happinesse
,
it
is
chiefly
the
abject
sort
of
the
vulgar
,
which
waxes
temerarily
bold
,
when
it
thinks
it self
feared
.
But
the
Town
of
Lintz
,
which
they
besieged
,
cowed
their
courage
,
and
speeded
the
punishment
,
which
they
had
deserved
,
by
their
rash
Rebellion
.
They
assaulted
it
often
,
but
were
still
repulsed
,
with
huge
losse
:
so
that
Papenheim
,
who
was
appointed
to
chastise
them
,
effected
it
not
with
so
great
facility
,
as
Trucses
,
and
some
other
Generals
had
done
,
that
of
the
like
seditious
Rabble
,
above
a
hundred
years
before
.
For
he
was
fain
to
combat
them
at
least
seven
times
,
before
he
could
vanquish
them
;
so
chearfully
and
stoutly
would
they
rally
,
and
defy
their
victorious
enemies
,
even
in
the
fight
.
The
Romans
found
themselves
once
in
great
trouble
by
the
revolt
of
their
slaves
,
and
yet
they
more
easily
quenched
that
fire
,
though
it
were
even
within
the
Walls
of
Rome
;
then
the
Imperialists
were
able
to
do
this
,
because
here
was
more
combustible
matter
.
But
under
what
Heads
or
Leaders
,
Their
Generals
,
a
Schollar
,
a
Shoomaker
,
and
a
Smith
.
did
this
desperate
Crew
fight
?
A
Schollar
,
a
Shoomaker
,
and
a
Smith
.
With
what
weapons
?
Sticks
,
Stoones
,
Whips
,
Forks
,
and
Muskets
.
And
what
more
?
Potion
,
and
Enchantments
.
To
what
end
?
If
we
must
judge
Effects
by
their
Causes
,
it
was
for
the
exercise
of
Religion
,
and
to
beat
out
their
Soveraign
Magistrate
.
Who
were
those
Aeoluses
,
who
letting
loose
the
windes
,
disturbed
the
Calm
,
and
raised
their
storms
?
It
is
more
easie
to
conjecture
,
and
believe
,
then
to
prove
.
They
are
at
last
defeated
in
many
Encounters
,
by
Papenheim
.
After
the
last
defeat
,
the
most
mutinous
of
them
ran
away
;
and
the
rest
pent
up
at
home
,
like
slocks
of
sheep
.
Thus
ended
this
dangerous
warre
;
which
teaches
us
,
how
perilous
a
a
thing
it
is
,
to
endeavour
to
command
mens
consciences
.
We
must
contend
with
the
word
of
God
,
and
not
with
the
sword
;
or
,
to
say
better
,
we
must
pray
with
charity
for
one
another
,
and
not
persecute
our selves
with
arms
,
unlesse
we
be
commanded
by
Politick
necessity
.
The
holy
Scripture
sayes
;
Let
the
rares
grow
,
fear
lest
you
root
out
the
good
corne
.
Papenheim
acquired
no
lesse
glory
,
nor
merited
lesse
to
Triumph
,
then
the
two
other
Generals
.
And
thus
was
the
Emperour
delivered
from
a
most
apparent
danger
,
by
the
remotenesse
of
his
Armies
.
Let
us
now
make
a
leap
to
the
Low-Countries
,
and
see
what
passed
there
,
at
the
beginning
of
the
year
1625.
CHAP.
V
The
death
of
Prince
Maurice
,
and
of
the
King
of
England
.
The
Siege
of
Groll
.
The
State
of
Lorraine
.
The
Jubily
at
Rome
.
Bethleeem
makes
warre
upon
the
Emperour
,
and
obtains
peace
.
The
death
of
Maurice
1625.
PRince
Maurice
being
returned
to
the
Hague
,
expressed
no
more
then
a
certain
pensiveness
,
and
melancholy
,
proceeding
from
age
,
and
(
as
it
was
believed
)
from
the
errour
committed
,
in
that
memorable
Enterprise
upon
Antwerp
;
which
grew
to
augment
his
feaver
,
and
brought
him
at
length
to
his
grave
.
His
reputation
is
too
much
known
,
to
speak
much
of
him
;
and
the
United
Provinces
would
have
had
cause
to
be
infinitely
afflicted
at
such
a
loss
,
had
he
not
left
them
that
worthy
Brother
,
and
that
strong
Atlas
,
who
forthwith
took
the
burthen
of
the
Government
upon
his
shoulders
.
This
was
he
who
firmly
fixed
this
reeling
Common-wealth
,
by
his
Arms
;
took
many
Townes
in
Freezland
,
Overysell
,
and
Guelders
,
with
small
charge
,
few
men
,
and
little
bloodshed
:
in
such
sort
,
as
that
he
merited
to
be
termed
,
as
he
was
,
the
Father
of
the
Souldiers
.
And
of
King
James
,
a
peacefull
Prince
.
In
the
same
spring
also
,
died
King
James
;
a
Prince
,
who
much
loved
Peace
and
learning
.
After
he
had
the
Crown
of
England
upon
his
Head
,
all
the
disasters
,
and
misfortunes
of
his
House
,
begun
upon
his
Praedecessours
,
were
stopped
by
him
,
as
water
is
by
the
opposition
of
a
Dam
,
or
Bank
;
so
to
gush
out
with
the
greater
violence
,
upon
his
children
,
and
succesours
,
as
we
shall
hereafter
shew
.
But
,
who
can
penetrate
into
the
secrets
of
Gods
Judgments
?
He
governed
his
kingdom
in
peace
,
and
maintained
his
Subjects
in
riches
,
and
delights
:
but
there
grew
up
a
little
Venim
,
which
wrought
afterwards
,
in
fit
time
.
The
●vills
which
we
see
often
happen
,
draw
their
cause
sometimes
,
from
afarre
off
.
Prince
Henry
,
having
payed
the
last
duties
to
his
magnanimous
Brother
,
departed
from
the
Hague
,
to
hinder
the
designe
which
the
Spaniards
had
,
The
Spaniards
will
joyne
the
Rhein
to
the
Mo●●
,
1626.
to
joyn
the
Rhein
to
the
Mose
;
and
by
the
erection
of
many
Forts
,
keep
the
Hollanders
from
passing
over
;
an
Enterprise
,
which
unprofitably
exhausted
their
money
and
made
them
seem
able
,
to
make
no
more
then
meerly
a
Defensive
warre
.
Jupiter
laughed
at
the
Gyants
who
would
scale
Heaven
.
Time
hath
declared
the
inutility
of
this
work
,
and
to
what
intention
also
that
advice
was
given
:
For
the
Hollanders
are
Masters
of
that
liquid
Element
,
and
passe
it
when
they
will
.
There
chanced
nothing
worthy
of
note
,
in
that
toylsome
March
;
save
only
that
Count
Henry
of
Bergues
,
beat
up
the
Horse-Quarter
,
brought
away
the
Count
of
Stirum
his
Cousin
prisoner
,
with
some
Horse
;
Count
Stirum
prisoner
.
In
revenge
whereof
,
the
Prince
sent
Count
Ernest
,
to
unnestle
the
Spaniards
from
Oldenzeel
,
and
destroy
the
nest
.
The
Siege
of
Grol
.
In
the
year
1627.
he
laid
siege
to
Grol
,
a
small
,
but
strong
Town
,
upon
the
Confines
of
Westphalia
,
which
he
carried
in
lesse
then
a
moneth
,
in
the
sight
of
a
puissant
Army
.
Spinola
,
in
the
mean
time
,
was
busie
about
the
fortifying
of
Sandflect
,
a
Village
between
Antwerp
,
and
Berghen
op
Zoom
,
which
was
a
design
of
more
advantage
,
and
consideration
,
then
that
of
uniting
the
two
Rivers
.
By
this
exploit
of
the
Prince
,
it
was
judged
,
that
his
Government
would
prove
happy
;
and
the
vessels
loaden
with
mony
,
which
were
brought
out
of
Holland
by
Peter
Hein
,
moved
him
to
undertake
the
siege
of
Boisleduc
,
which
was
begun
the
first
of
May
,
and
ended
the
seventeenth
of
September
;
a
fatal
day
to
the
House
of
Austria
.
Lorraine
was
peacefully
governed
by
the
wise
conduct
of
Duke
Henry
,
son
to
Duke
Charles
;
but
his
term
was
but
of
sixteen
yeers
.
The
death
of
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
.
He
departed
to
a
better
life
,
the
twentieth
of
Iuly
1624.
and
shortly
after
him
,
the
repose
,
and
tranquility
of
all
that
Country
,
by
the
ambition
of
her
Neighbours
.
He
left
but
two
Daughters
;
the
elder
whereof
was
married
to
the
Count
of
Vandomonts
sonne
,
her
Cousin-German
.
The
Salick
Law
in
Lorraine
.
The
year
following
,
the
Salick
Law
having
regained
vigour
,
and
Francis
of
Vandomont
being
next
heir
by
the
said
Law
,
which
excludes
Females
;
surrendred
his
right
in
that
Dutchy
to
his
sonne
Charles
;
which
was
approved
by
the
States
of
the
Country
;
and
so
Charles
Duke
of
Lorraine
,
made
his
entry
into
the
good
City
of
Nancy
,
and
took
full
possession
of
the
whole
Dukedome
.
Now
,
some
have
written
against
this
said
Law
,
as
if
it
were
to
be
observed
no
where
but
in
France
,
as
coming
thither
with
them
,
out
of
Franconie
.
But
most
Writers
affirm
,
that
the
ancient
Franks
established
their
habitation
from
the
bank
of
the
Rhein
,
to
the
River
of
Loire
;
in
such
sort
,
as
that
Lorraine
being
comprised
therein
,
and
having
been
also
a
parcell
divided
from
that
kingdom
,
it
followes
,
that
the
Predecessors
had
the
same
intention
,
to
establish
it
as
well
in
the
kingdom
of
Austrasia
,
as
in
that
of
France
,
and
that
it
hath
been
tacitly
,
and
quietly
observed
,
without
any
dispute
.
Besides
,
that
it
is
proved
by
the
Testament
of
Renè
of
Ierusalem
Duke
of
Lorraine
,
and
Bar
,
made
in
the
year
1406.
by
which
the
Male
are
called
to
Succession
,
and
the
Female
excluded
,
as
it
further
appears
also
by
experience
it self
.
A
Jubily
ar
Rome
.
This
year
of
1625.
Pope
Vrban
celebrated
an
universall
Jubily
,
at
which
the
Prince
of
Poland
,
coming
from
the
Low-Countries
,
was
present
;
and
the
same
year
,
the
Emperour
Ferdinand
Crowned
his
Son
King
of
Hungary
;
invited
thereto
,
by
the
States
of
that
kingdom
,
to
be
defended
by
so
great
and
powerfull
a
Prince
,
against
the
perpetual
ambushes
,
and
snares
,
of
the
inconstant
Gabor
.
Nor
was
it
enough
,
that
he
had
one
Crown
;
The
Crowning
of
the
King
of
Hungary
.
for
that
of
Bohemia
was
also
resigned
him
by
his
Father
,
with
the
accustomed
Ceremonies
.
Let
us
not
leave
the
Danub
,
which
was
yet
all
red
with
the
blood
of
the
Peasants
,
till
we
shall
first
have
seen
that
of
the
Transylvanians
,
and
Turks
,
stream
also
there
,
together
with
the
motives
of
that
Warre
.
Gabor
breakes
the
peace
.
This
Gabor
,
being
swolne
with
pride
,
by
the
Allyance
of
one
of
the
most
illustrious
Houses
of
Germany
;
honoured
at
his
wedding
,
by
the
presence
of
the
two
Emperours
,
besides
those
of
Kings
,
and
other
Princes
;
found
himself
tickled
,
by
a
new
desire
to
Reign
:
and
the
occasions
were
so
fair
,
that
they
stifled
the
Peace
so
often
sworne
,
and
so
often
broaken
.
For
the
Armies
were
drawne
towards
the
Baltick
Sea
;
and
the
Bavarians
,
and
Pahouheim
,
had
work
enough
,
with
the
revolted
Peasants
.
Whereupon
he
passed
out
of
Hungary
into
Moravia
,
and
took
many
Townes
;
the
fear
of
so
unforeseen
an
evill
,
making
the
people
have
recourse
rather
to
God
,
then
Armes
.
But
Mansfeldt
having
redressed
his
Army
,
after
being
cudgelled
in
Saxony
,
marched
out
of
Silesia
,
into
Hungary
;
and
Wallenstein
traced
him
:
affronted
them
all
together
,
and
defeated
them
.
Upon
this
he
called
the
Tartars
,
who
passed
through
Poland
to
his
assistance
;
but
they
being
loaden
with
pillage
,
were
so
hotly
charged
by
the
Poles
,
The
Tartars
beaten
.
that
they
were
fain
to
lay
down
both
their
packs
,
and
their
lives
;
in
such
sort
,
as
that
there
remained
not
so
so
much
as
one
alive
,
to
carry
the
newes
:
so
that
there
were
only
the
Turks
,
upon
whom
to
look
now
;
and
them
he
invited
:
but
it
was
only
to
augment
the
Triumph
of
Wallenstein
,
And
the
Turks
by
Wallenstein
.
,
who
beat
them
,
took
their
Canon
,
and
pillaged
their
Camp
,
which
was
full
of
riches
.
The
Grand-Signor
,
desirous
to
keep
the
Peace
,
called
back
his
Troops
,
and
their
departure
gave
Gabor
,
Gabor
repents
,
and
obtaines
peace
.
both
disgust
,
and
repentance
,
for
having
so
often
offended
the
Emperour
,
who
was
loaden
with
victorious
lawrel
:
and
therefore
he
sent
his
Embassadours
,
who
found
Ferdinand
as
ready
to
pardon
,
as
their
Master
had
been
light
to
offend
;
and
so
he
was
content
to
accept
all
the
conditions
proposed
to
him
by
the
Conquerors
,
signe
the
Peace
,
and
be
quiet
.
The
Hungarians
rejoyced
hereat
,
because
those
disturbances
held
them
in
continual
Alarmes
.
And
this
was
the
end
of
the
warres
of
Hungary
,
and
Austria
,
besprinkled
with
the
blood
of
the
Peasants
,
and
Barbarians
.
Let
us
now
suffer
them
to
repose
some
years
,
and
return
again
towards
the
Septemptrion
.
CHAP.
VI.
Gustave
King
of
Sweden
,
attacks
Borussia
,
or
Prussia
.
The
Imperialists
succour
the
Polanders
.
A
Truce
is
made
for
six
years
PEace
being
made
being
made
,
between
the
Emperour
,
and
the
King
of
Denmark
,
the
Imperialists
departed
out
of
Holstein
,
and
all
the
other
occupated
places
,
The
Stralsundians
under
the
protection
of
King
Gustave
,
who
enters
into
Prussia
.
and
dispersed
themselves
throughout
all
Meckelenburgh
,
and
Pomerania
,
The
Citizens
of
Stralsund
,
grown
sturdy
,
and
proud
by
having
eluded
the
Attacks
of
Wallenstein
,
put
themselves
by
content
of
the
King
of
Denmark
,
under
the
King
of
Swedens
protection
.
This
action
much
displeased
Ferdinand
;
begat
the
most
dreadfull
warre
of
this
Age
,
and
opened
the
passage
to
the
Swedes
,
to
come
and
usurp
a
good
part
of
the
Empyre
,
after
having
troubled
it
all
.
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
having
made
himself
Master
of
Livonia
,
endeavoured
to
do
as
much
with
Prussia
,
where
he
had
powerful
Correspondents
.
When
there
there
is
not
strength
enough
,
recourse
must
be
had
to
shifts
.
He
entred
unresisted
,
with
a
puissant
Navy
,
took
,
and
fortified
the
Pilaw
;
passed
to
Elbing
,
which
yeelded
out
of
affection
,
as
also
many
other
Places
.
Onely
Brunsbergh
,
a
Catholick
Town
,
durst
make
defence
,
and
was
taken
by
constraint
.
Takes
many
Towns
.
All
trembled
,
between
hope
and
fear
,
love
and
hate
,
and
the
desire
of
novelty
seemed
to
prevail
over
ancient
duty
.
We
desire
(
saith
the
Poet
)
alwayes
that
,
which
is
denyed
us
,
and
labour
to
obtain
that
which
is
forbidden
us
.
I
have
heard
some
men
of
that
Country
,
worthy
of
credit
,
affirme
,
that
if
the
King
had
drawn
neer
Dansick
,
with
the
same
bosdnesse
,
and
resolution
that
he
did
before
Elbing
,
it
is
very
probable
,
that
the
Citizens
would
have
made
their
accommodation
with
him
.
But
opinion
,
is
as
much
subject
to
falshood
,
as
truth
.
The
River
Wistule
,
parts
it self
into
branches
,
the
one
whereof
bathes
Elbing
,
and
the
other
passes
through
Dansick
,
and
a
little
below
it
,
shoots
it self
into
the
sea
.
Makes
a
Fort
at
the
separation
of
the
River
.
The
King
lost
no
time
,
but
gained
the
Point
,
and
built
a
Fort
there
,
like
that
of
Schenck
,
at
the
separation
of
the
Rheyn
.
The
River
being
thus
bridled
,
the
Polanders
who
were
wont
to
bring
their
corn
to
Dansick
,
in
certaine
long
Boats
,
which
they
call
Canes
,
chose
rather
now
,
to
let
it
moulder
,
and
perish
at
home
,
then
carry
it
,
at
a
most
vaste
charge
,
through
their
Enemies
Quarters
:
which
caused
a
dearth
in
Holland
,
and
incommodated
the
Traffick
so
much
,
that
had
this
Warre
lasted
any
long
time
,
it
would
have
done
the
Spaniards
businesse
there
.
The
Polanders
,
who
boasted
,
that
they
could
easily
drive
out
the
Swedes
,
made
no
great
haste
to
put
their
Army
into
the
Field
:
The
Polanders
slight
their
enemies
.
but
were
much
amazed
,
to
see
so
many
Trenches
,
and
the
Townes
which
were
lost
,
half
fortified
in
a
trice
.
There
occurred
many
ambiguous
Fights
;
but
the
matter
was
never
brought
to
a
generall
decision
.
The
Swedes
made
Warre
,
after
the
Holland
fashion
,
and
the
Poles
,
after
the
French
;
and
these
,
were
beaten
before
Strasburgh
,
and
those
,
before
Torn
.
Generall
Arnhem
came
to
succour
the
Polanders
;
but
he
brought
them
more
hurt
,
then
good
.
A
truce
made
for
six
moneths
In
sine
,
by
the
intervention
of
the
Count
d'
Auanx
,
Embassadour
of
France
,
and
those
of
the
States
Generall
,
a
Truce
was
made
for
six
years
,
to
the
great
contentment
of
the
Hollanders
,
who
were
full
of
joy
before
,
by
the
gaining
of
Boisleduc
;
which
,
how
it
came
to
be
taken
,
the
strength
thereof
making
it
held
impregnable
,
I
will
forthwith
declare
.
King
Gustane
,
being
fortified
by
the
relicks
of
the
Polish
Army
,
marched
back
into
Sweden
,
to
deliberate
of
the
Germane
Warre
;
which
was
undertaken
not
by
any
Right
,
but
Usurpation
:
and
more
for
conveniency
and
jealousie
,
then
any
justice
at
all
.
Whatsoever
other
Princes
do
,
is
lawfull
,
merits
praise
,
and
is
put
into
the
necessity
of
their
affaires
:
onely
the
House
of
Austria
is
guilty
,
and
culpable
:
She
must
endure
all
,
and
if
the
Lot
of
Warre
favour
her
,
against
such
as
presume
to
shook
her
,
she
must
not
resent
it
,
but
make
a
stop
to
her
Victorie
,
to
avoyd
the
being
accused
of
Usurpation
.
The
Empyre
hath
been
too
long
in
her
possession
,
it
must
be
torn
out
of
her
hands
,
though
it
were
to
be
done
,
by
the
destruction
of
the
Catholick
Religion
,
and
the
fundamentall
Lawes
.
But
great
Preparatives
call
us
back
into
Holland
:
there
is
some
huge
Designe
,
to
which
they
are
invited
,
by
the
disorder
of
the
Spaniards
.
CHAP.
VII
.
The
Siege
of
Boisleduc
.
The
Imperialists
under
Montecuculi
,
joyne
with
the
Count
of
Bergh
,
who
enters
in
Velaw
.
The
taking
of
Wesel
.
THe
Hollanders
,
well
knowing
the
Situation
,
Fortification
and
Importance
of
Boisleduc
,
were
wont
to
say
,
as
by
a
common
Proverb
,
to
demonstrate
the
small
apparance
there
was
of
taking
it
,
I
will
pay
you
,
when
Boisleduc
is
[
](A55965-e69820-b)*
*
Ours
,
or
of
our
Part●
,
all
which
were
called
Gueuse
;
Gueuse
;
that
is
to
say
,
I
will
never
pay
you
.
But
the
event
hath
manifested
the
contrary
;
this
Town
having
closely
followed
Rochell
,
which
was
conceived
to
be
unbesiegable
,
in
regard
of
the
Haven
.
But
in
this
detestable
Age
,
there
hath
been
nothing
found
impregnable
,
for
wickednesse
being
every
where
,
the
Sword
enters
every
where
,
all
gives
way
to
Injustice
,
and
Impiety
.
Nothing
is
able
to
resist
insolence
,
nothing
so
sacred
,
but
it
is
prophaned
,
nothing
so
solid
,
but
it
is
moved
,
and
nothing
so
firme
,
but
it
is
broken
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
,
seeing
the
Emperours
forces
employed
in
Denmark
,
and
Austria
,
and
those
of
Spaine
a
ground
,
by
the
taking
of
the
Indian
Silver
Fleet
,
and
carrying
it
to
Amsterdam
,
egged
on
from
abroad
,
and
inflamed
also
,
with
desire
of
taking
this
place
,
by
the
very
difficulties
there
were
in
it
,
resolved
,
after
having
maturely
picked
out
all
the
circumstances
,
to
go
a
Maying
there
,
the
last
of
April
1629.
His
Intelligences
,
both
within
,
and
without
the
Town
,
were
not
small
,
and
the
obstacles
,
which
offered
themselves
in
bulke
,
very
great
.
But
considering
,
that
the
greater
the
difficulties
be
,
the
more
luster
they
give
to
Vertue
,
he
slighted
all
.
Fortune
forwards
the
stout
,
The
Siege
of
Boisleduc
.
and
hinders
the
timid
.
He
invested
it
with
an
Army
of
thirty
thousand
men
,
and
speedily
finished
his
Trenches
,
and
Lines
of
Communication
,
whilest
they
were
disputing
at
Brussels
,
who
should
command
their
Army
.
Henry
of
Bergh
General
of
the
Army
.
Count
Henry
was
chosen
,
but
he
marched
so
slowly
,
that
he
found
the
Prince
too
strongly
intrenched
for
his
defence
,
to
be
possibly
forced
out
.
For
,
he
had
dammed
up
the
Rivers
,
and
brought
them
round
about
his
Fortifications
,
in
such
sort
,
as
it
was
like
a
broad
Sea
.
And
on
the
other
side
,
the
Summer
was
so
faire
,
A
dry
Summer
.
and
so
dry
,
that
it
looked
,
as
if
heaven
had
entered
into
contract
with
the
Prince
,
to
give
him
the
fruition
of
the
Victory
.
For
had
it
chanced
to
be
moist
,
and
rainy
(
as
it
is
ordinary
in
that
climate
)
their
mills
of
so
rare
workmanship
,
would
have
proved
uselesse
,
and
Nature
would
have
jecred
Art
out
of
countenance
.
The
Spaniards
in
the
Velaw
.
The
Spaniards
indeavoured
to
succour
it
in
vaine
:
which
made
them
passe
the
Rheyn
,
at
Wesel
,
to
joyne
with
the
Imperialists
;
and
the
passage
of
the
Isell
being
open
,
and
maintained
with
the
sword
,
gave
them
a
fair
prize
,
together
with
the
defence
of
some
Companies
which
followed
.
But
,
the
Prince
drew
out
part
of
his
Army
,
which
so
well
coasted
the
Spaniards
,
that
they
made
no
remarkable
progresse
at
all
.
Never
had
they
Fortune
so
favourable
,
and
never
did
they
loose
so
many
men
,
as
in
that
field
,
not
by
the
sword
,
but
by
other
inconveniencies
:
Whereas
had
they
gon
forward
at
first
,
they
had
found
no
kinde
of
resistance
,
all
the
Country
being
full
of
fear
,
and
consternation
.
The
Prince
stood
so
fast
before
Boisleduc
,
that
he
could
not
be
parswaded
by
the
States
of
Guelders
,
Overysel
,
and
Vtrick
,
to
quit
the
siege
,
though
it
were
to
save
the
Country
;
bidding
them
,
by
way
of
answer
,
to
have
patience
,
and
put
all
in
good
order
,
&c.
that
the
enemy
would
give
them
more
fear
,
then
hurt
.
All
which
proved
true
:
for
,
the
Hollanders
,
having
taken
breath
,
and
done
all
which
was
necessary
for
the
defence
of
their
Country
,
with
some
of
the
licensiated
Troops
of
the
King
of
Denmark
,
put
the
Armies
to
a
sudden
stand
,
without
either
Counsell
or
courage
,
upon
the
dry
sands
of
the
Velaw
.
Yet
howsoever
,
Take
Amersfort
.
they
were
bold
enough
to
attack
Amersfort
,
which
not
being
tenible
,
was
forthwith
yeelded
,
and
some
other
small
paltry
places
near
the
South-Sea
,
were
attempted
,
and
not
taken
,
in
regard
their
design
was
discovered
,
before
it
was
fit
to
be
executed
.
Besides
,
to
encrease
the
misfortune
of
the
Enemies
,
upon
the
nineteenth
of
August
,
being
a
very
fair
morning
,
Wesel
was
taken
,
Wesel
being
surprised
,
makes
the
Spaniards
draw
out
.
and
the
booty
of
the
Imperialists
snapt
:
which
forced
them
to
draw
out
of
the
Velaw
faster
,
then
they
went
in
,
without
having
so
much
as
seen
Amsterdam
,
which
was
alwayes
in
their
mouthes
.
But
the
grapes
were
sower
,
because
the
Fox
could
not
reach
them
.
Count
Henry
retyred
not
to
Brussells
,
but
to
his
Government
;
and
could
not
so
well
clear
himself
,
but
that
there
remained
some
suspicions
greatly
disadvantageous
to
his
reputation
,
in
the
soules
of
the
more
clear-sighted
men
;
which
were
verified
,
by
the
open
retreat
he
made
,
grounded
upon
slight
and
frivolous
excuses
only
,
concerning
the
Kings
service
.
Boisleduc
yeelds
for
want
of
powder
,
In
fine
,
Boisloduc
was
rendered
;
the
Imperialists
returned
into
Germany
,
much
lighter
then
they
came
;
and
the
Spaniards
into
Brabant
,
almost
half
of
them
wasted
,
by
hunger
,
sicknesse
,
and
disbanding
,
not
without
loud
murmuring
,
and
plainly
cursing
their
General
.
Count
Iohn
of
Nasseaw
left
the
passage
of
the
Isel
,
and
the
Prince
went
into
Holland
,
where
he
was
received
by
all
,
with
marvellous
acclamations
of
joy
,
and
unparallelled
applause
.
This
Place
,
being
one
of
the
most
important
the
King
had
,
was
taken
for
want
of
powder
,
and
a
sufficient
Garrison
;
and
the
Prince
,
on
the
other
side
,
having
no
want
of
mony
,
commanded
a
Bank
to
be
raised
from
Holland
,
overthwart
the
Fennes
,
or
Marishes
,
which
cost
the
United
Provinces
much
treasure
,
and
much
hastened
the
taking
of
the
Town
:
besides
,
that
to
say
truth
,
the
Magistrates
of
Amsterdam
,
were
not
backward
to
advance
money
,
to
declare
the
zeal
they
had
,
to
the
preservation
of
the
Common-wealth
.
Never
did
Fortune
smile
more
upon
the
Spaniards
,
with
a
more
unhappy
issue
;
and
never
frowned
more
upon
the
Confoederates
,
to
give
them
a
more
glorious
victory
.
The
losse
of
this
most
important
place
,
frustrated
the
Spaniards
the
hope
of
regaining
Holland
,
and
served
for
an
invincible
Clausure
to
the
Common-wealth
for
the
future
,
if
we
look
upon
the
outside
of
it
;
but
it
is
subject
to
corruption
,
in
regard
of
the
abundance
of
ill
humours
,
wherewith
it
is
stuffed
within
,
as
rising
from
the
fenny
grounds
about
it
,
which
yet
easily
are
voyded
by
weak
and
slight
physick
,
as
will
shortly
appear
.
But
let
us
now
go
see
the
conclusion
of
the
Warre
in
France
,
against
the
Hugenots
,
and
the
ruine
of
that
Party
,
which
gave
the
King
means
afterwards
to
shock
the
House
of
Austria
,
and
afflict
his
Neighbours
.
CHAP.
VIII
The
prosecution
of
the
last
warre
,
against
the
Reformats
in
France
.
The
Duke
of
Rohan
makes
his
Peace
.
All
the
Townes
humble
themselves
,
and
throw
down
their
Fortifications
.
The
end
of
the
Party
.
DUring
the
siege
of
Rochell
,
that
two
Brothers
(
namely
,
the
Dukes
of
Rohan
,
and
Soublse
)
did
all
they
could
to
succour
the
Center
of
their
State
;
moving
even
Heaven
and
Earth
,
with
the
most
zealous
of
the
Party
,
to
save
the
Place
from
the
shipwrack
whereof
it
was
in
danger
.
The
one
made
insurrections
every
where
,
saying
,
that
if
the
Town
were
taken
,
all
they
of
the
Party
would
be
massacred
:
but
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
and
the
Duke
of
Montmorancy
charged
him
so
often
,
and
so
closely
,
that
he
had
almost
ever
the
worst
.
The
other
encouraged
the
English
,
and
urged
them
to
make
haste
,
before
the
Damme
were
finished
,
about
which
the
French
wrought
with
great
ardour
,
●●●o
re●sons
retard
the
succour
.
and
good
successe
.
Two
reasons
in
my
opinion
,
retarded
the
succour
so
long
:
the
one
,
that
they
could
not
imagine
,
that
the
said
Damme
(
at
which
they
laughed
)
would
be
able
to
hinder
their
passage
;
and
that
being
stronger
by
Sea
then
the
French
,
they
should
easily
break
all
obstacles
.
The
other
is
,
that
they
would
not
relieve
the
Town
till
it
were
in
extremity
;
to
the
end
that
(
the
Townesmen
being
for
the
most
part
starved
,
or
debilitated
with
hunger
)
they
might
make
themselves
masters
thereof
,
and
place
a
Colony
of
their
own
nation
there
;
to
be
ready
at
all
times
,
to
incommodate
France
,
and
awaken
their
old
pretensions
.
They
who
ask
relicfe
,
have
one
designe
;
and
he
who
gives
it
,
another
.
Besides
,
that
it
is
also
very
credible
,
that
the
Cardinal
(
who
was
not
ignorant
,
of
how
great
his
credit
would
be
,
after
the
reduction
of
this
Place
,
(
which
was
judged
impregnable
)
had
corrupted
the
chief
of
the
Counsell
of
England
,
with
mony
,
that
so
the
succour
,
which
was
hastened
by
zeal
,
might
be
delayed
.
Whatever
it
were
,
neither
the
great
Arsenal
,
nor
the
strength
of
the
Bastions
,
nor
the
Purse
at
Porrette
,
nor
the
desperate
resolution
to
die
,
and
to
hang
him
who
should
first
speak
of
yeelding
;
served
to
any
other
purpose
,
then
to
make
the
constance
of
the
Townsmen
admired
,
augment
the
story
of
King
Lewis
the
Inst
,
and
elevate
that
of
the
Cardinal
,
above
the
Stars
.
A
very
great
,
and
most
acceptable
Victory
to
France
,
had
she
remained
in
the
same
liberty
which
she
enjoyed
,
during
the
potency
of
this
Town
.
A
most
damnable
victory
to
the
House
of
Austria
,
which
the
French
themselves
accuse
of
having
then
forgotten
her
interest
.
A
victory
,
which
ruined
,
and
brought
to
a
full
stand
,
or
Non-plus
,
all
that
Party
,
which
divided
the
Kings
Authority
.
A
Victory
,
which
gave
that
great
Cardinal
one
half
of
his
honour
;
and
upon
which
he
founded
the
highest
,
and
most
constant
power
,
that
ever
any
Minister
had
;
to
the
ruine
of
many
most
illustrious
Families
,
and
old
Priviledges
,
the
confusion
of
all
Christendom
,
and
even
of
his
own
great
Benefactresse
her self
.
Now
since
the
English
had
rather
hindred
,
then
furthered
the
Party
,
and
were
accused
of
being
the
cause
of
this
irreparable
losse
;
a
resolution
was
taken
to
seek
to
some
other
support
elsewhere
:
and
so
an
Embassadour
was
dispatched
into
Spain
,
to
represent
to
that
King
,
that
interest
he
had
to
keep
this
Party
;
The
Duke
of
Rohan
de●●ands
si●●cour
in
Spain
.
and
to
beseech
him
to
send
mony
only
,
and
to
remember
the
King
of
France's
Allyance
with
the
Hollander
,
whom
he
maintained
with
as
much
heat
and
zeal
,
as
if
they
were
his
own
subjects
,
and
of
his
own
Religion
,
Whereupon
the
Spaniards
,
by
the
permission
of
the
Counsell
Conscience
,
resolved
upon
it
;
thereby
to
give
as
many
vexations
to
the
King
of
France
,
within
his
kingdom
;
as
they
received
from
him
in
the
Low-countries
.
But
the
said
Embassadour
,
The
death
of
the
Negotiatour
.
or
Necessitator
,
though
a
subject
of
the
King
of
Spaines
,
was
taken
and
condemned
to
death
,
by
order
of
the
Parliament
of
Tholosa
;
his
innocence
,
founded
upon
the
action
of
a
publick
Minister
,
serving
him
for
nothing
;
however
this
Decree
were
censured
by
such
as
had
not
their
eyes
vailed
by
passion
,
and
who
could
speak
freely
of
it
without
danger
.
Makes
his
peace
with
the
King
,
and
all
obey
.
King
Lewis
discovered
all
their
plots
,
and
prevented
them
,
by
the
prudence
of
the
Cardinal
;
and
having
made
but
a
slight
peace
with
the
said
Duke
,
he
fell
with
his
Army
upon
the
Vivaret
,
surprised
Privas
,
and
took
it
by
open
force
;
chastised
insolence
,
by
putting
all
to
sword
:
treated
well
the
Townes
which
submitted
,
and
assured
them
of
the
free
exercise
of
their
Religion
.
Upon
this
,
the
Duke
had
recourse
to
his
clemency
,
and
he
graciously
embraced
him
,
and
augmented
his
Pension
.
Castras
,
Niemes
,
and
some
other
places
,
which
might
have
given
a
long
trouble
,
also
submitted
,
without
any
other
punishment
inflicted
upon
,
then
the
demolishment
of
their
new
Fortisications
:
which
Commandment
was
of
hard
digestion
to
them
of
Montauban
,
who
were
nevertheless
disposed
to
obedience
by
the
Cardinals
presence
,
and
the
force
of
his
eloquence
,
who
alledged
that
the
King
could
not
endure
any
fortified
place
in
his
kingdom
,
And
so
in
fine
,
they
stooped
,
and
with
regret
enough
brake
down
that
,
which
gave
the
jealousie
;
which
could
not
be
obtained
from
them
,
by
violence
,
and
the
noise
of
the
Canon
.
Time
ripens
all
things
;
and
that
,
which
in
the
precedent
Age
was
judged
impossible
,
hath
been
found
feasible
,
in
this
.
The
end
of
the
Hughenot
Party
.
This
was
the
end
of
the
Hughenot
Party
in
France
,
which
had
given
so
much
labour
and
toyle
,
to
the
Kings
,
and
so
divided
their
jurisdiction
.
It
took
birth
,
from
the
doctrine
of
Luther
,
and
Calvin
;
passed
infancie
,
under
Henry
the
second
:
got
vigour
,
and
strength
,
under
Francis
the
second
;
grew
to
strong
youth
,
under
Charles
the
ninth
,
and
Henry
the
third
,
through
the
favour
of
the
Princes
of
the
Blood
,
enemies
to
the
power
,
and
authority
of
the
Dukes
of
Guise
;
and
by
the
valour
of
the
King
of
Navarre
.
It
obtained
free
Exercife
,
and
some
Townes
of
safety
,
under
Henry
the
fourth
;
and
remained
quiet
,
and
without
commotion
,
out
of
respect
and
reverence
,
to
so
great
a
Prince
.
But
,
under
Lewis
the
thirteenth
,
finding
it self
abandoned
by
some
of
the
principall
Heads
,
it
began
to
stagger
;
and
at
last
vanished
quite
away
;
in
such
sort
,
as
that
though
the
Religion
be
still
there
,
there
is
yet
no
formed
party
,
and
the
root
of
the
ambition
of
the
Grandies
,
who
under
the
shadow
of
Religion
,
did
very
often
disturb
honest
people
on
both
sides
;
is
quite
cut
off
.
Their
distrust
(
which
is
called
,
the
companion
of
safety
,
which
they
conceived
,
they
should
not
be
able
to
find
in
the
Kings
word
)
made
them
often
importune
the
Queen-Regent
,
and
the
marriage
with
the
Infanta
of
Spain
(
a
Nation
which
they
abhorre
above
all
other
)
made
them
joyn
to
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
to
hinder
it
;
which
much
hastened
their
disgrace
.
The
King
,
being
declared
Ma●or
,
recovered
Bearn
,
more
by
veneration
,
then
by
force
;
and
more
by
the
brightnesse
of
his
Majesty
,
then
by
that
of
his
sword
.
He
was
the
pralude
of
the
first
warre
,
speeded
by
their
Assembly
at
Rechel
,
Father
Arnour
.
and
counselled
by
Father
Arnour
,
who
was
preferred
by
the
Duke
of
Luynes
,
to
the
direction
of
the
Conscience
,
and
partly
also
,
of
the
favour
of
his
Majesty
.
But
as
the
said
Luynes
made
the
Fortune
of
this
able
●esuit
;
so
did
he
also
soon
unmake
it
,
thereby
to
free
himself
from
the
jealousie
it
gave
him
Saumur
,
The
taking
of
Townes
.
Saint
Ieand'
Angeli
,
and
a
great
number
of
other
Towns
,
Burghs
,
and
Villages
fortified
,
were
taken
,
with
incredible
successe
.
There
was
no
more
left
then
Montauban
,
which
forced
the
Conquerours
to
retreat
,
and
in
some
sort
,
dimmed
their
Triumph
.
The
year
following
produced
the
Kings
constant
resolution
to
be
obeyed
,
and
to
punish
the
revolted
Towns
;
the
reduction
of
Moutpeill●er
,
and
the
Peace
which
followed
,
by
the
counsell
of
the
Constable
d'
Edignieres
.
Edigniere●
.
This
Lord
being
of
a
mean
extraction
,
grew
to
be
elevated
to
the
highest
Charge
of
France
,
through
all
the
degrees
of
a
souldier
,
His
life
.
and
had
heaped
up
a
huge
deale
of
treasure
.
Not
with
standing
his
Belief
,
which
was
the
same
of
the
Reformates
,
he
alwayes
kept
his
faith
inviolable
with
the
King
,
and
was
by
consequence
,
but
little
loved
by
the
most
zealous
of
the
Party
.
Makes
himself
a
Catholi●●●
.
A
little
before
his
death
,
he
embraced
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
;
as
having
promised
it
in
a
frollick
to
Urban
,
as
soon
as
he
should
come
to
the
Pontificat
.
The
second
warre
made
the
Hugenots
loose
the
Lordship
of
the
Sea
.
The
third
,
being
begun
with
the
assistance
of
a
stranger
,
was
consummated
by
the
direction
of
that
potent
Cardinal
,
and
so
the
whole
conduct
of
that
great
Vessel
,
was
restored
into
the
hands
of
the
just
,
and
milde
King
Lewis
.
Let
us
go
into
Hungary
,
to
see
the
end
of
the
fickle
,
and
busy
Gabor
.
CHAP.
IX
The
Death
of
Bethleem
Gabor
:
Ragoski
his
Suceessour
.
The
Marriage
of
Ferdinand
the
third
,
with
the
King
of
Spain's
Sister
.
The
death
of
Gabor
.
BEthleem
Gabor
,
growne
wise
by
so
many
losses
,
inviolably
kept
the
Peace
,
and
maintained
himself
in
amity
with
the
Emperour
,
till
the
coming
in
of
the
King
of
Sweden
;
who
being
his
Brother-in
Law
,
would
easily
,
with
his
arguments
,
have
perswaded
him
to
take
up
Arms
again
,
had
he
not
been
prevented
by
a
dropsie
,
which
drowned
all
his
smoakie
ambitions
,
together
with
his
life
,
and
deprived
the
aforesaid
King
,
of
a
man
,
who
would
yet
according
to
occasions
have
much
tormented
the
Empyre
;
and
whose
life
deserved
no
more
admiration
,
then
his
last
Will
and
Testament
did
.
For
he
bequeathed
the
Emperour
forty
thousand
Ducats
,
His
Testardent
.
and
a
brave
horse
,
with
a
saddle
embrodered
full
of
Pearles
,
and
precious
stones
:
to
his
sonne
Ferdinand
the
third
,
as
much
;
to
the
Emperour
of
Turkie
,
as
much
;
to
his
wife
,
Katherine
of
Brandenburgh
,
a
hundred
thousand
Rix-Dollars
,
and
a
hundred
thousand
Florins
,
besides
three
Provinces
.
The
Execution
of
the
said
Testament
,
was
recommended
by
him
to
the
Grand
Signor
;
the
widow
,
and
Transylania
,
to
the
Emperour
.
And
this
was
the
end
of
that
Gabor
,
who
was
so
much
renowned
;
who
so
often
re-incouraged
them
of
the
Party
,
when
they
groaned
under
the
Emperours
forces
;
and
who
was
so
soon
beaten
down
by
his
own
inconstance
,
or
rather
,
by
the
unhappinesse
of
the
said
Party
,
Ragoskie
,
having
bribed
the
Embassadour
whom
the
widow
sent
to
Constam
inople
,
was
created
Duke
of
Transylvania
.
She
opposed
him
,
and
called
her
Tutour
,
the
Emperour
,
to
her
assistance
,
who
sent
her
the
Palatin
of
Costonia
,
Ragoskie
brough
an
Army
into
the
Field
,
His
Successour
by
deceit
is
often
beaten
.
which
was
defeated
,
and
he
in
great
trouble
to
raise
another
,
which
had
the
same
successe
of
the
former
,
as
wel
as
which
followed
.
Thus
finding
the
Cross
too
strong
for
him
,
he
looked
towards
the
M●on
.
Three
Bashaws
came
to
succour
him
,
who
were
all
beaten
,
one
after
another
,
by
the
aforesaid
Palatine
.
In
fine
,
since
he
had
no
better
issue
by
Arms
,
then
his
Predecessour
,
he
was
fain
to
have
recourse
to
the
same
practises
,
and
follow
the
same
steps
.
Wherefore
,
he
desired
peace
with
Stephen
Gabor
,
brother
to
the
aforesaid
Bethleem
,
and
made
him
Governour
of
the
Province
,
restored
the
widow
her
Treasures
,
and
served
himself
of
their
mediation
,
Make
peace
.
which
was
not
infructuous
to
him
;
for
he
obtained
peace
,
and
Transyl●ania
remained
under
the
Emperours
protection
.
Let
us
now
go
to
the
wedding
of
Ferdinand
the
third
.
This
Prince
being
destinated
to
wear
the
Crown
of
the
Empyre
,
as
well
as
that
,
of
the
Kingdomes
of
Bohemia
,
and
Hungary
,
sent
to
demand
the
Infanta
Mary
,
Sister
to
the
King
of
Spain
,
who
was
granted
him
.
The
King
her
Brother
,
accompanied
her
to
Barcelona
,
where
she
embaiked
for
Italy
,
The
marriage
of
Fordinand
the
third
.
passed
by
Naples
,
and
made
her
entry
at
Vienna
,
with
so
great
pomp
,
and
gallantry
,
that
there
could
nothing
more
be
added
,
to
augment
the
splendour
thereof
.
Before
her
arrivall
,
her
husband
was
Crowned
Emperout
at
Ratisbone
;
shortly
after
,
at
Posen
.
Let
us
leave
them
with
all
the
joyes
of
the
Court
at
Vienna
,
and
return
into
Italy
,
to
see
a
warre
of
Catholick
against
Catholick
.
CHAP.
X
Warre
in
Italy
,
about
the
succession
of
the
Dutchy
of
Mantua
,
wherein
the
Emperour
,
and
the
two
Crownes
took
part
.
THe
difference
,
The
warre
of
Italy
,
for
the
Dutchy
of
Mantua
.
which
chanced
about
the
succession
of
the
Dutchies
of
Maentua
,
and
Monferrat
,
embarassed
all
Italy
;
awakened
the
ambitious
jealousies
of
those
two
potent
nations
,
and
so
much
exercised
them
in
warre
,
that
it
proved
partly
the
cause
of
the
entyre
breach
,
and
desolations
which
followed
.
In
the
year
1627
,
the
twenty
sixth
of
December
,
Duke
Vincent
deceasing
without
Children
,
the
succession
fell
to
the
Duke
of
Nevers
,
who
received
it
,
and
praecipitated
his
inauguration
or
investure
,
without
the
knowledge
of
the
limporour
,
who
is
the
Lord
of
Fief
,
or
Supreme-Heredirary
thereof
.
The
Spaniards
,
more
through
jealousie
,
then
by
right
,
or
title
,
took
Arms
;
as
the
Duke
of
Savoy
also
did
,
for
an
old
pretension
;
he
seazed
upon
many
places
in
Mon●ferrat
,
and
they
besieged
Casal
.
O
interest
of
State
,
thou
Idol
?
how
powerful
art
thou
,
and
how
many
mischiefs
dost
thou
cause
?
The
apprehension
,
which
the
Spaniards
had
of
the
Dutchy
of
Milan
,
made
them
undertake
this
warre
,
and
hasten
the
Peace
in
the
North.
The
Duke
of
Nevers
,
put
good
Garrisons
into
the
most
tenible
places
,
and
joyned
with
the
Venetians
,
who
could
not
endure
,
that
the
House
of
Austria
should
make
any
further
progresse
in
Italy
,
and
shut
up
the
gate
to
the
French
.
Ferdinand
commands
them
to
lay
down
Arms
,
but
is
not
obeyed
.
The
Emperour
,
desiring
to
extinguish
this
sire
,
by
a
remedy
just
enough
,
though
a
little
too
suspect
;
sent
his
Embassadours
,
to
injoyn
both
Parties
to
lay
down
Arms
;
and
in
regard
that
the
Duke
of
Nevers
had
not
first
demanded
his
investure
,
in
due
form
;
to
remit
the
said
Dutchies
,
by
way
of
sequestration
,
into
his
hands
,
that
so
he
might
proceed
therein
,
according
to
Right
:
But
he
was
obeyed
here
,
just
as
his
Predecessour
was
,
at
Gulick
.
For
,
the
Duke
rejected
the
conditions
;
endeavoured
to
succour
Casal
,
and
cut
in
pieces
the
forces
,
which
opposed
his
generous
designe
.
The
King
of
France
,
in
the
mean
while
,
was
busie
at
the
siege
of
Rochell
,
which
seemed
long
to
the
poor
Duke
,
who
found
himself
oppugned
in
his
lawfull
succession
by
the
Spaniards
,
Succour
from
France
.
the
Savoyers
,
and
the
Imperialists
,
and
that
,
without
hope
of
any
strong
relief
from
France
.
The
King
dispatched
away
Marshall
of
Crecquy
in
Autumne
,
and
he
went
into
the
Field
two
moneths
after
the
reduction
of
the
Town
,
which
was
in
the
heart
of
Winter
.
The
Duke
agrees
.
The
Duke
,
who
conceived
that
the
said
Marshall
marched
too
slowly
and
that
he
would
busie
himself
about
the
taking
of
the
Marquisat
of
Saluces
,
and
make
a
warre
in
Savoy
;
changed
his
maxime
,
promised
the
Emperour
to
obey
him
,
and
to
receive
his
Garrisons
,
into
the
Townes
;
and
consequently
,
sent
his
son
,
the
Duke
of
Duke
of
Rhetell
to
Vienna
,
to
make
protestation
of
his
obedience
,
and
innocence
.
The
Spaniards
,
however
much
harassed
,
and
tyred
,
by
the
frequent
sallies
of
the
besieged
,
the
length
of
the
Siege
,
and
inundations
of
the
Po
;
disapproved
this
Treaty
,
and
(
to
their
own
dammage
)
continued
the
said
Siege
.
The
Emperour
sent
other
Embassadours
,
to
command
observance
:
The
Spaniards
continue
the
siege
at
Casal
.
But
Dou
Card●●●a
,
who
during
these
intrigues
,
hoped
to
carry
the
place
,
pressed
it
hard
,
lent
a
deaf
ear
to
the
Emperours
ouder
,
and
dispatched
a
Envoy
,
or
Messenger-Express
,
to
Madrid
.
Nevers
,
being
irritated
beyond
measure
to
sind
himself
thus
treated
,
and
that
that
the
equity
of
his
Cause
was
combatted
with
so
much
injustice
,
and
animated
,
on
the
other
side
,
by
seeing
his
King
slight
the
rigour
of
the
season
,
to
come
and
ayd
him
,
turned
all
his
thoughts
to
warre
.
The
King
of
France
passes
by
force
through
Savoy
,
and
makes
them
rise
.
The
Duke
of
Savoy
refused
the
King
passage
,
but
he
got
it
by
force
,
defeated
his
Troops
,
assured
himself
of
the
Passe
,
or
Streight
of
the
Suze
;
and
compelled
the
Spaniards
to
raise
the
Siege
:
wherein
he
was
better
obeyed
,
then
the
Emperour
himself
.
But
the
short
durance
of
the
Peace
with
the
Hughenots
in
France
,
obliged
him
to
returne
,
and
humiliate
the●o
.
It
is
now
time
to
send
part
of
our
forces
from
the
Baltick
Sea
,
to
carry
the
Eagles
thither
,
where
they
first
commanded
.
Fordinand
,
to
uphold
his
Authority
,
dispatched
thither
an
Army
of
twenty
thousand
men
,
under
the
conduct
of
the
Generals
Al●ring
,
and
Galasso
;
who
,
having
seazed
upon
the
Passage
of
the
Grisons
,
effused
themselves
into
Italy
,
and
got
into
their
clutches
the
whole
Dutchy
of
Mantua
,
with
as
much
good
luck
,
The
Imperialists
in
Italy
lesiege
Mantua
in
with
.
as
the
French
did
that
of
Savoy
,
except
only
the
Head
City
,
which
they
also
besieged
:
but
the
jealous
Venatians
,
endeavouring
to
remove
all
such
,
as
might
be
able
to
give
their
State
any
cause
of
apprehension
,
were
not
slack
in
setting
their
hands
stoutly
to
work
,
for
the
Duke
:
though
yet
the
Imperialists
took
Goite
from
them
,
and
carried
away
all
the
booty
,
or
pillage
thereof
to
their
Camp
.
But
the
French
coming
in
the
nick
,
craftily
snapt
two
Sentinels
;
entred
into
a
Quarter
,
and
put
a
huge
number
of
them
to
the
Sword
.
So
that
the
other
finding
the
season
improper
,
and
the
small
apparence
there
was
of
carrying
the
place
,
retyred
themselves
much
diminished
into
Garrison
.
CHAP.
XI
The
continuation
of
the
warre
of
Italy
.
The
Venetians
beaten
.
Pignarola
taken
.
Mantua
taken
,
and
pillaged
,
The
Peace
made
,
with
restitution
on
both
sides
.
The
Venetians
beaten
by
Galasso
.
THis
retreat
gave
the
Venetians
a
desire
to
retake
Goite
,
but
they
were
broken
by
Galasso
.
Whereupon
,
they
re-assembled
their
forces
,
and
having
recruited
and
ingrossed
them
,
put
them selves
again
in
a
posture
of
fighting
,
wherein
they
were
the
second
time
put
to
flight
,
and
above
six
thousand
killed
and
taken
,
together
with
all
their
Artillery
.
This
losse
much
amazed
the
Republick
:
But
Fortune
was
more
favourable
to
the
French
;
who
(
as
we
have
already
said
)
after
the
taking
of
Rochel
,
shewed
themselves
very
hot
,
for
the
defence
of
the
Duke
of
Nevers
.
True
it
is
,
that
the
Kings
dangerous
sickness
at
Lyons
,
had
almost
been
the
cause
of
slackening
this
generous
ardour
;
and
they
,
who
looked
asquint
upon
the
Cardinals
potencye
,
seemed
to
prognosticate
,
that
his
ruine
was
at
hand
,
Envy
still
followes
the
Charrior
of
a
growing
Power
.
And
the
Savoyers
by
the
French
.
The
French
took
Pignarola
,
and
were
re-inforced
by
the
Swissers
:
and
this
loss
,
which
was
most
sensible
to
the
Duke
,
was
followed
by
many
other
.
The
Spaniards
were
beaten
by
Monsieur
de
Bassompiere
;
Cambery
taken
,
and
Montmclian
besieged
.
The
Duke
of
Guise
landed
near
Nice
,
to
go
joyne
with
the
Army
.
The
King
sent
the
Duke
of
Montmorancy
towards
Piedmont
,
and
followed
himself
afterwards
.
Prince
Thomas
presuming
to
dispute
his
entrance
with
twelve
thousand
men
,
was
beaten
;
the
Colours
presented
to
the
King
,
being
the
honour
;
and
all
Piedmont
,
the
reward
of
the
victory
.
In
such
sort
,
as
that
the
poor
Duke
of
Savoy
,
who
had
so
often
ventured
to
contest
,
sometimes
with
one
of
the
Crowns
,
and
sometimes
with
the
other
;
found
himself
quite
spoyled
of
his
States
,
For
having
nothing
lest
but
Turin
,
and
not
daring
to
shut
himself
up
there
,
he
resolved
to
keep
the
key
of
the
Fields
,
and
let
the
Mountains
oppose
the
victorious
Party
,
by
seeking
to
preserve
his
liberty
in
desert
,
and
inaccessible
places
.
We
must
,
here
take
notice
of
the
Martial
generosity
of
the
French
,
who
,
in
the
beginning
of
warre
are
invincible
,
make
all
bow
to
their
Armes
,
break
through
all
oppositions
,
and
as
soon
take
whole
Provinces
,
as
other
Nations
do
Towns
:
but
by
the
too
sudden
loss
of
patience
,
on
the
other
side
,
Their
impatience
.
they
grew
also
to
loose
whole
Provinces
,
almost
as
soon
,
as
other
Nations
do
Townes
.
Now
Fortune
favoured
the
Imperialists
every
where
,
which
they
made
both
the
Venetians
,
and
the
Duke
of
Nevers
feel
.
For
they
returned
the
Siege
upon
Mantua
,
and
took
it
at
length
,
by
a
fine
Stratagem
.
Mantua
taken
by
atrick
of
warre
.
For
the
besieged
,
by
their
frequent
Sallies
,
being
reduced
to
a
very
small
number
,
demanded
the
succour
of
five
thousand
men
,
from
the
Venetians
,
and
Letters
being
intercepted
,
gave
the
Besiegers
occasion
to
serve
themselves
of
this
trick
,
to
catch
besieged
.
They
secretly
drew
into
the
field
the
number
of
men
demanded
,
who
by
a
fight
with
powder
without
shot
,
got
near
to
one
of
the
Gates
,
which
being
forthwith
opened
by
some
,
who
thought
them
to
be
Venetians
,
they
made
themselves
Masters
of
the
Town
,
to
the
great
astonishment
of
the
Inhabitants
,
who
were
sacked
by
their
imaginary
Auxiliaries
;
and
the
Duke
yeelding
up
the
Castle
by
Composition
,
was
conducted
,
together
with
his
wife
and
children
,
to
Ferrara
.
Spinola
before
Casal
.
This
victory
swelled
up
the
spirits
of
the
Imperialists
,
and
made
the
Spaniards
continue
the
Siege
of
Casal
,
under
the
command
of
Marquis
Spinola
,
who
had
acquired
so
much
glory
in
the
Low-countries
:
and
Toiras
,
who
was
all
crowned
with
lawrell
,
for
the
honour
he
atchieved
,
by
the
defence
of
the
Fort
of
Saint
Martin
against
the
English
,
defended
the
Cittadel
.
The
French
,
making
a
shew
to
go
and
attack
the
Dutchy
of
Milan
,
wheeled
suddenly
about
upon
the
Besiegers
,
the
state
whereof
was
this
.
The
Town
and
Castle
were
already
yeelded
to
the
Marquis
,
and
the
Cittadel
had
capitulated
,
that
in
case
there
came
not
sufficient
succour
to
beat
them
from
thence
,
within
a
certain
term
,
which
was
the
fifteenth
of
October
,
Monsieur
de
Toiras
was
to
march
out
.
The
French
Army
appeared
in
Battaile
array
neare
the
Trenches
,
and
the
Spaniards
put
themselves
in
posture
to
receive
it
.
The
death
of
Spinola
,
and
of
the
Duke
of
Savoy
.
All
seemed
to
laugh
upon
the
French
,
by
the
death
of
the
Marquis
,
who
was
taken
out
of
this
world
by
the
Plague
:
and
Charles
Emanuel
Duke
of
Savoy
,
being
being
stripped
of
his
States
,
and
overwhelmed
with
grief
and
warre
,
payed
also
his
tribute
to
Nature
.
When
two
great
Bulls
are
ready
to
rush
together
,
and
shock
one
another
,
the
whole
Heard
stand
still
,
and
attend
with
trembling
,
the
issue
of
the
Combat
.
In
the
same
manner
,
was
Italy
the
spectatresse
of
this
furious
shock
,
and
had
no
cause
at
all
to
rejoyce
.
But
it
pleased
God
,
that
by
the
Popes
intercession
,
The
peace
was
made
by
the
addresse
of
Cardinal
Mazarin
.
and
Cardinall
Mazarin's
dexterity
(
who
made
himself
known
by
this
first
negotiation
)
the
Peace
being
concluded
at
Vienna
,
was
brought
to
the
Armies
,
just
when
the
Trumpets
were
going
to
sound
,
to
draw
the
sword
.
A
fair
escape
:
happy
newes
!
By
vertue
of
this
Peace
,
the
French
returned
into
France
,
and
restored
all
to
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
except
on●ly
Piguarola
,
which
had
been
privately
bought
by
the
said
Cardinal
.
A
politick
subtilty
,
to
have
the
Gate
into
Italy
,
alwayes
open
;
mixt
with
Cousenage
,
as
the
Spaniards
say
;
who
rendred
Montferrat
,
as
the
Germans
likewise
did
Italy
,
to
go
against
the
King
of
Sweden
.
The
Duke
of
Nevers
was
fain
to
ask
pardon
,
and
Investure
;
which
accordingly
was
performed
,
and
peace
and
rest
restored
to
Italy
.
How
many
combats
,
how
much
blood-shed
was
here
,
for
a
sume
of
ambition
?
For
Religion
had
nothing
to
do
in
the
matter
.
But
it
is
credible
,
that
the
Spaniards
would
not
suffer
so
potent
a
French
Prince
at
the
entry
into
Italy
,
and
so
near
the
Dutchy
of
Milan
,
which
they
keep
as
tenderly
,
as
the
ample
of
their
eyes
:
and
that
the
French
,
on
the
other
side
,
would
establish
him
,
and
uphold
him
,
without
acknowledging
the
Emperour
.
God
makes
justice
appear
,
when
men
will
throw
it
under
foot
with
Arms.
Prodigies
in
Italy
.
This
warre
had
been
praemonstrated
by
many
Prodigies
,
and
Portents
,
which
praeceded
it
;
as
namely
,
by
Earthquakes
in
Apalia
,
whereby
more
then
sixteen
thousand
persons
were
overwhelmed
;
by
dreadfull
floods
,
streams
of
blood
,
and
the
like
.
And
really
,
these
two
Nations
,
after
having
stoutly
wrangled
,
and
by
sword
,
famin
,
and
contagious
sicknesses
,
lost
above
a
million
of
mortals
;
came
neither
of
them
to
the
principal
,
but
secret
end
,
which
they
had
proposed
to
themselves
,
and
reaped
no
other
salarie
,
then
that
of
vain-glory
,
drawn
out
of
jealousie
of
State
.
The
Countries
were
destroyed
,
the
Neighbours
oppressed
,
Christian
Religion
contemned
,
and
altered
;
and
in
the
one
of
the
aforesaid
nations
,
by
many
persons
quite
annihilated
.
The
Ministers
,
who
love
to
fish
in
troubled
waters
,
and
blow
the
bellowes
of
their
Masters
ambition
,
so
to
carry
them
rashly
on
to
warres
,
which
might
be
diverted
by
one
single
conference
;
will
one
day
have
much
to
answer
,
before
the
fountain
of
all
Equity
and
Justice
.
The
enemies
of
Cardinal
Richelieu
.
But
let
us
leave
this
point
to
be
picked
out
by
the
Casuists
,
and
return
to
France
where
we
shall
discover
,
how
the
Cardinal
falls
as
deep
,
into
the
hatred
of
the
Grandies
,
as
he
is
strong
in
the
possession
of
the
Kings
favour
.
The
Queen-Mother
repented
her self
of
having
promoted
a
Minister
,
who
was
to
destroy
her
.
Gastion
was
vexed
to
see
the
management
of
all
the
affaires
of
France
in
his
hands
,
without
participating
therein
.
That
devout
Prelate
the
Chardinall
of
Berulles
,
laboured
to
stop
him
from
forging
some
designes
,
as
pernicious
to
the
Catholicks
abroad
,
as
they
had
been
to
the
Hughenots
in
France
.
But
Parca
cut
off
the
thred
of
his
life
,
and
deprived
Richelieu
of
a
most
Religious
Enemy
,
who
survived
him
,
to
accomplish
his
end
in
other
;
yea
,
in
all
such
,
as
gave
any
jealousie
:
and
the
Hughenots
themselves
were
grown
to
sing
his
prayses
,
when
many
Catholicks
had
him
in
horrour
and
execration
.
CHAP.
XII
Cardinal
Richelieu
makes
peace
with
the
English
,
and
devises
new
Allyances
to
attack
the
House
of
Austria
.
WHEN
the
Cardinal
,
by
his
great
prudence
,
had
broaken
that
puissant
Party
,
which
in
some
measure
,
both
divided
and
shocked
the
Soveraign
Power
;
re-established
every
where
the
Catholick
Religion
,
and
a
fresh
springing
Amity
amongst
the
people
;
he
perceived
himself
in
danger
to
be
cast
out
of
the
Saddle
.
But
,
he
had
acquired
so
great
an
influence
upon
the
mind
,
both
of
King
and
People
,
by
the
good
successe
of
his
Counsels
,
that
he
was
not
a
jot
moved
at
the
puissant
factions
,
which
he
saw
growing
against
himself
,
at
the
Court
;
all
which
he
surmounted
afterwards
,
by
a
certain
felicity
,
which
alwayes
accompanied
him
,
and
which
after
the
Peace
of
Italy
,
shined
with
more
force
,
and
luster
.
His
designes
seemed
to
be
carried
to
a
breach
,
between
the
two
Crownes
:
The
King
makes
peace
with
the
English
.
for
the
more
eafie
atchievement
whereof
,
and
to
involve
the
Church
in
this
pernicious
warre
,
from
which
some
Grandies
were
averse
,
by
the
intermission
,
or
mediation
of
the
Venetians
,
he
made
peace
with
the
English
,
whom
he
could
not
attack
by
land
;
and
thought
of
finding
another
enemy
,
whom
he
might
lay
aboard
,
when
he
would
.
His
Master
had
deserved
,
and
possessed
the
name
of
Just
,
by
humbling
with
great
moderation
,
the
Hughenot
Party
,
and
there
was
no
better
meanes
left
to
obtain
it
also
amongst
the
Reformates
,
who
were
yet
very
hot
,
then
by
poasting
to
the
succour
of
the
Protestant
,
against
the
Emperour
.
The
King
of
England
,
after
the
fall
of
the
Hughenots
,
in
whose
defence
he
had
lost
both
many
men
,
and
much
money
,
finding
the
lot
of
arms
unfavourable
(
which
was
to
be
also
fatall
to
him
afterwards
)
chose
to
sit
still
in
Royall
vacancie
and
repose
:
The
first
war
of
the
King
against
the
Spiniards
,
the
second
against
the
French
,
and
the
third
against
his
Subjects
.
He
was
unfortunate
in
the
first
Expedition
he
made
,
when
he
sent
that
Fleer
,
with
the
Admirall
of
Holland
,
who
joyned
with
a
great
number
of
ships
,
to
surprise
Cales
.
For
after
having
suffered
many
inconveniences
,
and
losses
,
it
was
fain
at
length
to
return
;
and
the
King
of
Spain
remitted
many
prisoners
into
England
,
to
be
punished
like
Pyrats
,
because
their
King
had
not
denounced
the
War
.
One
affront
was
paid
by
another
.
In
his
second
undertaking
against
France
,
Fortune
favoured
him
yet
lesse
;
and
his
third
and
lasi
,
was
the
ruine
of
his
Family
,
as
we
will
shew
,
towards
the
end
of
this
Epitome
.
Suddenly
after
the
reduction
of
Rochel
,
the
Cardinal
pressed
hard
for
the
succour
of
the
Duke
of
Nevers
,
against
the
opinion
of
such
,
as
could
not
endure
so
glittering
a
Purple
,
and
who
apprehended
a
breach
.
But
he
began
it
,
and
ended
it
(
as
we
even
now
said
)
in
the
yeare
1633.
The
said
Duke
sold
his
homage
,
and
duty
to
the
Emperour
:
which
gave
contentment
to
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
and
the
Marquis
de
Guastala
,
in
regard
of
their
pretensions
to
the
aforementioned
Dutchies
.
Now
,
having
already
dissipated
the
smallest
and
weakest
enemies
of
his
Greatnesse
,
he
crushed
that
Party
,
which
had
been
so
formidable
to
the
precedent
Kings
:
and
being
confirmed
by
the
assurances
,
which
his
Master
had
given
him
,
of
covering
him
with
his
Crown
,
against
all
such
as
endeavoured
his
mine
;
he
resolved
upon
this
great
designe
,
against
the
house
of
Austria
.
A
designe
I
say
of
huge
danger
;
and
which
could
not
be
undertaken
,
and
set
on
worke
,
The
Cardinal
disposes
the
Protestants
to
War
against
the
Emperour
.
but
by
means
of
potent
Allyes
,
for
fear
of
incurring
the
hazard
of
destroying
the
State
.
Therefore
he
thought
it
fir
,
to
awaken
the
Protestants
,
all
the
North
,
and
all
such
as
hated
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
:
nor
were
the
Hollanders
the
last
,
though
the
Spaniards
courted
them
(
in
vaine
)
to
a
Truce
.
The
King
of
England
was
easily
disposed
to
it
,
in
regard
of
his
Son
in
Law
,
and
so
great
a
Family
,
as
wherewith
both
himself
,
and
the
Hollanders
were
burthened
in
a
strange
Country
:
however
the
Communion
of
Religion
,
and
compassion
made
this
charge
seem
supportable
,
and
gentle
.
In
briefe
,
for
the
common
interest
of
upholding
themselves
,
and
for
the
apprehension
which
every
one
in
particular
had
of
this
puissant
House
;
they
were
all
resolved
.
A
powerful
Oratour
cannot
faile
to
perswade
;
when
he
pleads
the
Common
cause
.
But
now
,
there
wanted
both
a
Captain
,
and
Cause
sufficient
,
to
cover
both
this
apprehension
,
and
the
ambition
also
of
some
certaine
people
;
the
former
whereof
they
were
resolved
to
finde
quickly
out
,
though
they
were
forced
to
goe
seek
him
in
the
Ice
,
and
amongst
the
Deserts
of
the
North
;
and
as
for
pretexts
,
as
well
false
as
true
,
they
could
not
be
wanting
;
for
since
they
were
about
to
play
their
last
Game
,
they
would
hazard
all
;
and
if
they
lost
,
the
consequence
would
be
an
universal
Monarchie
.
In
the
Treaty
of
Peace
at
Vienna
,
the
Embassadours
of
France
promised
,
that
the
French
should
not
meddle
with
the
affairs
of
Germany
;
and
yet
there
was
another
Treaty
at
Stockholne
at
the
same
time
,
about
an
Allyance
,
for
the
quiet
of
the
Empire
,
and
a
War
against
the
Emperour
.
But
for
the
better
understanding
of
what
I
shall
say
,
of
that
cruell
fatality
,
which
hath
made
both
Germany
,
and
all
the
Provinces
neer
it
,
a
kinde
of
a
Church-yard
;
it
will
very
much
import
,
to
make
some
short
mention
;
First
of
the
quarrells
and
pretensions
of
the
Emperours
against
France
;
and
then
of
the
state
of
the
Empire
it selfe
,
the
Theater
,
of
the
most
destructive
,
and
deplorable
War
that
ever
was
.
But
there
was
a
necessity
in
it
,
to
the
end
that
the
Prophesies
might
be
accomplished
:
nor
is
there
any
end
even
yet
.
Henry
the
second
,
seeing
Germany
in
great
combustion
,
by
jealousies
drawn
from
the
difference
of
Religion
,
and
being
invited
into
Germany
by
the
Protestants
in
armes
against
Charles
,
and
offered
the
protection
of
that
Party
,
and
invited
also
on
the
other
side
by
interest
of
State
;
sent
thither
the
Duke
of
Montmorancy
,
with
a
puissant
Army
,
who
seized
upon
those
three
Bishopricks
,
by
way
of
correspondence
;
and
would
have
done
the
same
to
Strasburgh
,
if
he
had
been
able
to
get
leave
to
march
with
his
Troops
through
the
Town
,
as
he
had
done
at
Metz.
But
the
conclusion
of
a
Peace
between
the
Emperour
,
and
the
Princes
,
stopped
the
progresse
of
the
French
,
and
made
them
return
;
as
Metz
did
that
of
the
Emperour
,
and
forbide
the
Eagles
any
further
flight
.
Ferdinand
the
second
,
having
triumphed
over
all
his
Enemies
(
whom
the
French
by
vertue
of
their
Allyances
,
The
affront
of
the
Bishop
of
Verdun
.
had
succoured
with
Councel
,
Men
,
and
Mony
)
and
being
irritated
besides
,
by
the
affront
newly
done
to
the
Bishop
of
Verdun
;
seemed
willing
to
require
satisfaction
;
so
to
give
exercise
to
his
triumphant
Forces
,
and
make
War
with
better
conveniencie
,
and
more
advantage
,
in
Lorraine
then
in
Italy
.
At
least
,
the
Cardinal
was
fearful
least
,
he
should
take
old
quarrels
into
deliberation
again
,
and
send
his
Troops
to
replace
the
Eagle
at
Verdun
,
which
was
beaten
down
to
set
ut
the
Flower
de
luce
.
Wherefore
,
for
the
diversion
of
this
tempest
,
and
to
make
it
burst
upon
Germany
it self
;
he
complotted
,
and
projected
with
all
his
Allyances
,
hoping
the
luck
would
turne
,
and
take
away
that
Party
,
The
utility
of
those
Allyances
through
France
.
puffed
up
with
so
many
Victories
,
redoubted
for
greatnesse
,
hated
for
the
contributions
,
by
which
it
exhausted
Germany
;
and
execrated
,
for
the
redemanding
of
the
Eeclesiastical
Possessions
,
which
was
executed
about
that
time
.
If
this
Dam
were
broken
,
but
by
one
single
Victory
,
of
what
a
vast
profit
would
it
be
to
France
?
The
people
would
fall
upon
the
Imperialists
,
as
they
formerly
did
upon
the
Lutherans
;
and
so
all
that
Party
would
be
in
confusion
.
Lorraine
and
Alsatia
,
would
be
but
a
Breakfast
;
the
three
Ecclesiastical
Electors
would
infallibly
cast
themselves
into
the
King
of
France's
armes
,
thereby
to
shelter
themselves
from
the
fulminating
fury
of
the
Protestants
;
and
by
consequence
,
the
Imperial
Crown
could
not
escape
the
head
of
his
most
Christian
Majesty
.
The
Spaniards
being
shut
up
,
and
deprived
of
succour
from
Germany
,
would
be
easily
droven
out
of
the
Low-Countries
;
The
secret
Allyance
.
and
thus
a
certain
secret
Allyance
,
which
was
discovered
and
miscarryed
since
that
time
,
would
one
day
be
a
plank
,
or
foundation
to
the
universal
Monarchy
.
This
great
Cardinal
,
so
admired
,
and
glorious
,
after
having
broken
the
Hughenot
Party
,
succoured
the
Duke
of
Nevers
in
Italy
,
and
trodden
upon
the
belly
of
the
Savoyers
;
prepared
himselfe
(
I
say
)
for
this
most
dangerous
designe
;
disposed
the
Protestants
to
it
,
by
Father
Ioseph
,
in
the
Assembly
at
Leipsick
;
Father
Joseph
at
Leipsick
.
and
laboured
earnestly
for
the
destruction
of
the
House
of
Austria
;
as
well
knowing
,
that
it
was
better
to
prevent
,
then
be
prevented
,
and
in
what
credit
he
should
be
,
amongst
all
such
as
sought
the
ruine
of
the
Roman
Catholick
Faith
,
and
that
of
the
aforesaid
Victorious
House
.
But
let
us
speak
of
the
State
of
the
Empire
,
before
this
horrible
tempest
began
to
bruise
it
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
A
Discription
of
the
state
of
the
Empire
.
The
election
of
the
King
of
the
Romans
.
WE
finde
in
history
,
that
Charlemagne
,
King
of
France
,
Son
to
Pepin
,
and
Grand-child
to
Charles
Mared
,
going
to
Rome
to
defend
Pope
Leo
,
was
saluted
by
him
(
to
crown
his
merits
,
and
recompence
his
services
)
Emperour
of
the
West
.
I
will
not
here
enter
into
the
dispute
between
the
two
Nations
,
of
whether
he
were
a
German
or
no
:
But
sure
it
is
,
that
he
was
King
of
France
,
before
he
was
Emperour
;
and
the
Germans
themselves
affirme
,
that
he
transferred
the
Empire
,
upon
their
Nation
;
yea
,
and
that
none
can
be
elevated
to
that
dignity
,
unlesse
he
be
born
a
German
:
And
so
Maximilian
of
Austria
being
dead
,
Charles
was
preferred
before
Francis
the
first
,
King
of
France
,
for
that
he
was
born
at
Gaunt
,
a
City
of
Low-Germany
:
and
the
arguments
of
the
Elector
of
Trevirs
,
in
the
behalf
of
Francis
,
were
refuted
and
rejected
.
Others
alleadge
,
that
to
save
the
West
,
which
was
exposed
to
the
excursions
of
the
Barbarians
,
by
that
remorenesse
,
or
slacknesse
of
the
Emperours
of
the
East
;
it
was
transferred
by
the
Pope
upon
the
Gawles
,
or
French
;
and
that
the
race
,
or
Charlemagne
coming
to
saile
,
Pope
Gregory
the
fifth
transferred
the
Right
of
Election
upon
the
Germans
;
abolished
the
Hereditary
,
and
gave
hope
to
Princes
of
vertue
,
to
be
able
to
ascend
to
this
charge
,
which
is
the
most
glorious
in
the
World
.
The
Emperours
have
been
more
absolute
,
then
they
are
at
present
;
and
in
the
contentions
with
the
Popes
,
from
whom
they
receive
their
Crown
,
or
at
least
their
Confirmation
,
they
have
been
much
disadvantaged
.
Henry
the
seventh
,
coming
to
die
in
Italy
,
every
several
Town
assumed
to
itselfe
,
a
peculiar
principal
;
in
such
sort
,
as
that
the
Emperours
have
had
little
there
since
,
save
onely
the
bare
Title
.
Besides
,
the
same
Popes
have
caused
troubles
in
Germany
,
on
purpose
to
leave
the
domination
to
them
there
,
and
cut
off
the
opportunity
of
coming
to
rub
up
old
quarrels
in
Italy
.
Our
Saviour
indeed
said
,
that
his
Kingdom
was
not
of
this
world
,
and
that
his
Apostles
should
not
reign
.
The
Primitive
Supreme
Bishops
declared
it
,
by
the
Crown
of
Martyrdom
;
but
some
others
spurred
on
by
ambition
,
have
wrangled
for
another
,
which
both
made
them
odious
,
and
their
Authority
despicable
,
in
many
places
.
And
moreover
,
the
peaceful
nature
of
some
Emperours
,
hath
made
them
seeke
rest
,
and
neglect
the
Rights
of
Majesty
.
The
Empire
is
not
Haereditary
,
but
Elective
;
and
when
the
Emperour
is
dead
,
The
King
of
the
Romans
is
elected
for
great
affairs
.
the
Archbishop
of
Mentz
writes
to
the
rest
of
the
Electors
,
to
assemble
themselves
at
Francfurt
,
within
three
months
,
either
in
person
,
or
else
to
send
their
Embassadours
.
During
the
Interreign
,
or
Vacancy
,
the
Elector
Palatin
is
the
Vicar
,
or
Lieutenant
;
and
he
who
is
elected
King
of
the
Romans
,
is
declared
Heir
.
There
three
Ecclesiastical
Electors
,
and
four
Secular
.
The
Arch-Bishops
of
Mentz
,
Trevirs
,
and
Colein
.
The
King
of
Bohemia
,
the
Prince
Palatin
,
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
and
the
Marquis
of
Brandenburg
;
who
are
not
Kings
,
but
may
stile
themselves
the
said
Kings
Companions
.
Being
assembled
at
Francfurt
,
they
make
Oath
to
the
Elector
of
Mentz
,
they
will
chuse
one
,
who
shall
be
capable
of
the
Charge
.
They
are
obliged
to
finish
the
Election
within
thirty
dayes
;
and
may
not
go
out
of
the
Town
,
till
all
be
accomplished
.
If
the
voices
happen
to
be
equal
,
he
who
receives
the
King
of
Bohemia's
Vote
,
is
infallibly
proclaimed
Emperour
.
The
King
of
the
Romans
is
not
chosen
during
the
life
of
the
Emperour
,
but
for
great
Affaires
;
and
he
cannot
any
way
faile
of
succession
,
as
soon
as
the
Emperour
is
dead
.
All
is
observed
,
according
to
the
Golden
Bull
of
Charles
the
fourth
.
The
King
of
the
Romans
is
obliged
to
take
Oath
,
that
he
will
not
seeke
to
make
the
Empire
Haereditary
to
his
House
;
but
that
he
will
maintain
all
the
Rights
,
and
Splendor
thereof
,
There
are
two
Fundamental
Laws
,
namely
the
Golden
Bull
,
and
the
Imperial
Capitulation
;
to
the
maintaining
whereof
he
is
bound
by
Oath
.
Which
makes
me
finde
their
opinion
very
weake
who
praesume
to
sustaine
,
that
the
Emperour
is
a
Mouarch
;
in
regard
that
his
Authority
is
so
parted
,
and
divided
between
him
,
and
the
Electors
,
that
it
looks
,
as
if
they
were
associated
,
to
help
him
beare
this
heavy
burthen
.
Besides
,
since
Germany
hath
been
so
distracted
by
the
diversity
of
Doctrines
,
the
Protestants
have
inhaunced
so
much
of
the
Majesty
to
themselves
,
through
the
too
timorous
bounty
,
and
moderation
of
some
Emperours
,
since
Charles
the
fifth
,
that
his
hath
been
but
little
more
acknowledged
,
and
adored
,
both
in
Germany
,
and
Italy
.
And
therefore
,
it
is
no
wonder
,
if
the
Eagles
Triumphant
by
so
many
Victories
,
have
endeavoured
to
look
back
,
upon
some
Rights
which
are
now
so
many
years
old
;
and
if
a
general
Conspiracy
of
the
Neighbours
of
the
said
Protestantes
have
been
made
,
to
hinder
old
Praetensions
,
though
grounded
upon
very
much
equity
,
and
justice
.
But
those
forreign
Princes
,
who
have
thrust
themselves
into
this
quarrel
,
have
stopped
their
eyes
to
justice
,
opened
them
to
interest
of
State
,
and
to
the
means
,
of
either
praeserving
or
ingrandishing
themselves
.
CHAP.
XIV
A
discription
of
the
three
States
of
the
Empire
.
The
Hans-Towns
.
SInce
we
have
spoken
as
much
as
is
necessary
to
our
purpose
,
of
the
Emperour
,
and
the
King
of
the
Romanes
,
his
Vicar
,
or
Successour
;
it
concerns
us
to
say
also
somewhat
,
of
the
States
of
the
Empire
.
The
first
State
.
The
first
,
and
prime
State
therefore
,
is
that
of
the
Electours
,
as
being
the
nearest
to
the
Head
,
or
Chief
.
They
are
the
Fathers
,
and
Senatours
,
and
the
maine
,
and
firme
Prop
of
this
Edifice
.
They
assist
with
their
prudence
,
the
Head
which
they
have
chosen
,
and
are
compared
with
the
Kings
of
Europe
.
The
Ecclesiasticks
have
the
precedencie
in
this
ranck
;
first
,
the
Archbishop
of
Mentz
;
next
,
he
of
Trevirs
;
and
then
,
he
of
Celein
.
The
King
of
Bohemia
,
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
who
was
advanced
to
the
Electoral
dignity
,
by
the
deposition
of
the
Prince
Palatin
;
and
then
he
of
Saxonie
,
and
he
of
Brandenburgh
.
The
second
State
is
constituted
,
first
,
by
foure
Archbishops
:
namely
,
of
Magdeburgh
,
Salsburgh
,
Bremen
,
and
Besansow
;
The
second
State
.
after
whom
follows
the
great
Master
of
the
Tentonick
Order
.
And
afterwards
,
there
take
place
,
one
and
thirty
Bishops
,
who
are
followed
by
ten
,
or
eleven
Abbots
,
with
the
Title
of
Princes
,
as
the
Abbot
of
Fulda
&c.
The
secular
Princes
are
placed
after
these
Ecclesiasticks
,
and
are
in
number
,
eighteen
Families
;
the
first
whereof
,
is
that
of
the
Archdukes
of
Austria
,
divided
into
two
branches
,
namely
of
Germany
,
and
Burgundy
And
this
Family
hath
of
much
praeheminence
above
that
of
the
other
Princes
,
as
the
Archbishops
have
,
above
the
Bishops
.
Then
,
follows
that
of
Bavaria
,
of
Saxonie
,
of
Brandenburgh
,
&c.
After
which
sit
the
Abbesses
,
as
there
of
Quedelemburgh
,
of
Esson
&c.
Some
whereof
have
both
the
effect
,
and
title
,
of
Princesses
,
And
lastly
sit
the
Counts
,
and
Barons
,
whereof
there
is
a
great
number
.
Reinking
to
whom
I
referre
the
curious
,
calculates
about
eight
and
fifty
of
them
.
The
third
State
.
The
third
state
is
compleated
,
by
the
Imperiall
and
free
Towns
,
which
are
sixty
five
in
number
,
or
thereabouts
:
and
they
are
to
be
considered
two
wayes
;
the
former
,
and
more
noble
whereof
,
is
,
that
they
immediately
depend
upon
the
Emperour
,
and
have
nothing
at
all
to
do
with
any
body
else
,
and
the
other
,
that
these
also
depend
upon
the
Emperour
;
but
yet
they
owe
some
small
recognitance
,
to
the
Prince
,
Lord
,
or
Praelat
,
in
whose
territories
they
are
seated
:
however
they
leave
not
thereby
to
be
free
,
and
to
enjoy
the
rights
of
Royalty
.
So
that
these
Towns
possesse
the
ancient
liberty
;
the
priviledges
of
Princes
;
have
their
Session
,
and
Vote
in
the
Diets
,
and
are
tearmed
the
Noble
member
,
and
Pillars
of
the
Empire
,
wherein
they
are
incorporated
,
neither
more
,
nor
lesse
,
then
the
Princes
,
and
Praelats
.
They
are
divided
into
two
Benches
.
The
foure
first
,
are
Lubeck
,
Metz
,
Auxburgh
,
and
Aix
,
or
Aquisgraue
.
The
other
being
in
the
quality
of
Subjects
to
Empire
,
are
not
called
.
There
is
yet
another
companie
of
Towns
,
which
by
vertue
of
the
union
are
called
Hans-Towns
;
The
Hans-Towns
;
which
are
composed
,
partly
of
such
as
are
free
;
and
partly
Provinciall
,
and
obnoxious
.
This
said
company
,
or
V●●●ns
hath
no
other
ayme
,
or
end
,
then
that
of
commerce
,
and
it
was
approved
first
,
by
Charles
the
fourth
.
It
hath
foure
Classes
,
or
Metropolitan
Cities
,
to
wit
,
Lubeck
,
Colem
,
Brunswick
,
and
Dansick
;
and
they
have
an
annuall
Assembly
at
Lubeck
,
where
they
have
their
Charters
,
or
Rolls
.
But
theire
last
warrs
have
much
altered
all
the
orders
,
which
were
formerly
kept
.
The
ten
Gerclet
.
The
German
Empire
is
distributed
into
ten
Cercles
;
Franconia
,
Bavaria
,
Austria
,
Swevia
,
that
of
the
upper
Rheyn
;
and
that
of
the
four
Electours
towards
the
Ribeyn●
Wastphalia●
Saxanie
,
Low-Saxonie
and
Burgundy
.
Now
the
Emperour
,
as
he
is
head
of
the
Romane
Empire
,
is
bound
to
swear
,
that
he
will
defend
all
the
priviledges
of
the
Empire
;
but
that
doth
not
at
all
derogate
from
his
Majesty
,
in
regard
that
all
Kings
,
at
their
consecration
do
the
same
and
he
is
also
greater
,
then
all
the
Members
of
the
Empire
,
and
may
command
them
,
as
having
received
homage
from
them
:
and
if
when
they
be
cited
,
or
condemned
,
they
●esose
to
appear
,
he
publishes
and
proscribes
them
,
by
commanding
some
Prince
neet
hand
,
to
execute
his
order
by
arms
:
from
whence
it
follows
,
that
as
he
is
obliged
to
defend
,
and
protect
both
them
,
and
their
priviledges
,
so
are
they
also
bound
to
obey
him
,
by
Oath
,
and
by
vertue
of
the
Fief
he
possesses
.
A
happy
Goverment
,
and
a
happy
Germany
,
when
the
Members
agree
with
the
Head
.
CHAP.
XV
The
Principall
motives
of
the
Decline
of
the
Empire
.
The
motives
of
the
Declime
of
the
Engire
.
BEfore
we
speak
of
the
causes
of
this
last
warre
,
which
put
Germany
into
that
condition
wherein
we
see
her
yet
,
and
from
which
she
begins
by
little
and
little
,
to
be
repayred
;
our
Subject
requires
us
to
give
a
brief
hint
,
of
those
which
have
so
weakened
this
Empire
,
which
all
history
,
both
prophane
,
and
sacred
,
tell
us
,
is
to
be
the
last
.
The
Pojes
.
The
Popes
were
the
first
,
who
weakened
it
in
Italy
,
and
gave
matter
thereby
,
to
the
most
ambitious
of
that
Nation
,
to
appropiate
some
States
to
themselves
,
as
being
either
vacant
,
or
desecred
,
by
the
troubles
,
or
care
lesness
,
of
the
Emperours
:
wherein
they
served
themselves
of
divers
pretexts
;
as
either
through
zeal
of
devotion
,
and
respect
;
or
for
the
punishment
of
some
faults
,
which
they
imputed
to
the
said
Emperous
;
or
through
the
immensity
of
their
own
ambition
;
or
else
,
by
favouring
the
factions
,
of
the
Ghilphes
,
against
the
Gibellins
,
or
Imperialists
:
in
such
sort
,
as
the
Papal
Authoritie
obumbrating
,
or
overshaddowing
,
the
Imperiall
,
hath
both
now
quite
away
the
heat
thereof
,
as
I
have
already
said
.
The
Translation
of
the
States
.
The
Barbarians
.
Secondly
,
by
the
translation
of
the
Seate
of
the
Empire
to
Constantinople
,
and
by
the
inundation
of
the
Barbarians
,
which
have
come
at
certain
times
from
beyond
the
Rheynt
and
from
the
North.
Besides
,
the
Empire
is
much
diminished
,
by
some
Provinces
,
and
Towns
,
yea
,
The
Kingdoms
.
and
whole
Kingdoms
also
,
which
upon
divers
praetexts
,
have
loosened
themselves
from
this
great
Body
,
which
are
mentioned
in
history
,
and
not
for
our
purpose
heer
.
And
moreover
,
since
the
Germans
have
reduced
the
Empire
within
the
praecincts
of
their
nation
,
and
chosen
the
Emperours
anoughst
themselves
,
by
the
exclusion
of
all
strangers
it
is
no
wonder
,
if
others
have
separated
themselves
from
them
,
and
erected
particular
Governments
,
according
to
the
hunour
of
theirs
.
But
let
us
now
come
to
the
principall
subject
of
all
,
drawne
from
the
Germans
themselves
:
which
makes
the
Empire
so
weak
,
that
any
neighbouring
Prince
very
often
dares
brave
and
affront
it
:
The
diversity
of
Doctrines
,
and
ambition
.
and
this
is
the
diversity
of
Religions
;
the
over
great
porencie
of
the
Princes
,
and
States
,
and
distrust
,
in
side
,
or
dissidence
,
mingled
with
ambition
.
For
remedie
whereof
,
the
Emperoun
and
Princes
have
had
many
conserences
and
it
hath
been
agreed
,
&
resolved
,
that
there
should
be
but
two
Religions
tolerated
in
Germany
;
as
namely
,
the
Roman
Catholick
,
&
the
confession
of
Auxburgh
,
which
is
the
Lutheran
.
But
the
disease
being
too
great
to
be
cured
by
so
gentle
physick
;
and
the
house
of
Austria
too
powerfull
,
both
in
Spain
,
and
the
Low-Conntreys
,
not
to
give
jealousie
;
distrust
,
and
ambition
,
(
sicknesses
of
State
)
have
alwayes
peeped
out
their
heads
,
in
the
Diets
,
after
much
time
lost
in
disputing
for
place
,
and
praecedeucie
.
So
that
these
being
gotten
into
the
interiour
of
the
first
,
and
making
little
account
of
the
languishing
authoritie
of
the
Emperous
,
have
produced
the
hatred
,
seditions
,
and
warrs
,
which
we
have
relared
already
,
and
those
also
,
which
are
now
going
to
describe
.
From
this
diversity
of
Religions
,
sprang
the
warre
,
between
Charles
the
fifth
:
John
Frederick
,
Electour
of
Saxonie
,
Philip
Landgrave
of
Hassia
,
and
some
other
Protestants
,
which
rendred
the
said
Emperours
luster
,
more
glonous
,
and
begat
such
a
hatred
in
all
the
Protestant
States
,
as
is
now
grown
almost
irreconciliable
.
There
was
a
temperament
,
or
kinde
of
agreement
in
Religion
concluded
afterwards
,
which
was
called
The
contract
of
Passavia
,
The
contract
of
Passavia
.
which
yet
,
being
taken
again
into
deliberation
,
hath
since
made
a
marveilous
operation
,
as
we
are
about
to
shew
.
In
this
aforesaid
Treaty
,
it
was
ordered
,
and
setled
,
that
the
Protestants
should
enjoy
all
such
ecclesiasticall
goods
,
and
revenues
,
as
they
had
formerly
possessed
;
and
that
the
rest
should
remaine
in
perpetuity
,
to
the
Catholicks
.
For
example
,
the
Catholick
Bishops
coming
to
embrace
the
Luheran
Religion
,
should
forthwith
religne
the
place
,
to
be
occupated
by
another
,
who
should
make
open
,
not
feigned
profession
,
of
the
Catholick
;
and
so
consecutively
,
of
all
the
Cloisters
,
Abbies
,
and
other
dignities
:
which
yet
,
the
Lutherans
cannot
deny
but
they
have
conterveened
,
and
contradicted
,
and
that
they
retaine
all
such
aforesaid
goods
,
and
revenues
,
against
the
will
of
the
Testatonrs
,
and
against
all
Rights
,
Justice
,
and
Equity
.
Complaints
against
the
House
of
Austria
.
But
we
must
not
also
let
passe
in
silence
,
the
complaints
which
have
been
made
by
many
of
the
States
of
Germany
,
against
the
house
of
Austrin
,
which
hath
uphold
her self
about
two
hundred
years
,
in
the
Imperiall
dignity
,
as
if
it
were
haereditary
:
a
suspicion
,
ful
of
efficacie
,
which
shocks
after
a
manner
,
the
elective
right
,
and
strongly
opposes
the
justest
maxime
of
State
.
To
which
it
hath
been
answered
,
that
the
elections
have
alwayes
been
lawfull
,
and
that
at
present
,
This
house
by
means
of
her
two
Kingdoms
,
serves
for
a
Bulwark
to
Germany
,
against
the
Turk
.
Besides
that
,
their
is
hardly
any
one
to
be
found
in
the
whole
body
of
the
Empire
,
who
is
able
,
with
the
reveneues
of
one
Family
,
to
sustain
,
or
uphold
the
greatnesse
of
the
Majesty
;
wherewith
Charles
the
fifth
reproached
those
Princes
,
which
were
revolted
from
him
.
Were
is
is
not
(
said
hee
)
for
my
Low-Countryes
,
I
could
not
maintain
my
Table
:
What
profit
have
I
of
your
Empire
,
but
a
great
charge
,
and
porpetual
troubles
?
Inferting
thereby
,
that
the
glory
of
this
weighty
burthen
,
was
deat
enough
bought
,
without
addition
of
disobedience
.
After
the
decease
of
this
invincible
,
and
most
vigilant
Emperour
,
his
successours
,
either
through
too
much
timidity
,
durst
not
make
shew
of
seeing
the
sults
,
and
errours
which
were
committed
,
or
cast
them
off
,
to
the
following
Diets
,
which
were
often
extinguished
,
in
the
very
dispute
of
precedencie
only
,
as
I
have
said
already
.
And
so
the
impunity
of
Vice
enccuradging
men
to
sin
,
not
only
the
Bishops
married
,
and
kept
their
Bishopricks
;
but
the
saecular
Princes
also
seazed
upon
other
ecclesiasticall
Lands
,
and
Goods
,
as
it
were
for
decencies
sake
,
and
every
one
in
fine
,
would
have
his
share
thereof
.
The
long
possession
of
a
thing
ill
gotten
,
warrants
not
the
propriety
therein
,
nor
excludes
the
true
Owner
from
his
lawful
Right
.
But
they
who
can
defend
it
with
armes
,
either
mock
,
or
defy
the
strength
of
the
Lawes
.
CHAP.
XVI
The
Emperour
redemands
the
Ecclesiasticall
Goods
,
taken
after
the
composition
of
Passavia
.
The
alteration
amongst
the
Protestants
.
AFter
so
many
Victories
gotten
,
by
the
Emperours
Lieutenants
;
after
having
humbled
the
King
of
Denmark
,
and
all
the
Protestants
of
his
Party
:
after
having
so
often
chastized
Bethleem
Gabor
,
destroyed
the
dreadful
revolt
of
the
Peasants
of
Austria
,
and
pardoned
such
,
as
were
too
deeply
ingaged
in
the
Prince
Palatines
patty
,
who
was
deprived
of
his
Stages
,
and
fled
for
resuge
,
into
Holland
;
and
after
the
death
of
Mansfeldt
,
and
his
faithful
Bishop
,
the
Emperour
resolved
,
She
complaints
of
the
Catholicks
.
to
satisfy
the
complaints
of
the
Roman
Catholicks
,
who
demanded
justice
,
upon
such
as
by
usurpation
,
detained
many
Possessions
,
and
goods
,
after
the
contract
of
Passavia
.
For
being
the
Head
of
justice
,
he
could
not
deny
them
;
and
the
Bishops
are
as
well
members
of
this
great
Body
,
as
the
other
Princes
:
but
it
was
to
move
a
stone
,
which
threatned
the
fall
of
the
whole
building
.
It
was
represented
to
him
,
that
the
Prorestants
had
very
ill
observed
the
Peace
,
and
that
the
Catholicks
had
not
disputed
with
them
,
what
was
already
granted
them
,
by
the
said
contract
;
however
it
were
done
by
force
,
and
for
the
establishment
of
firme
repose
:
but
that
they
,
not
being
glutted
with
those
Prebendries
,
had
leapt
beyond
their
bargains
,
and
against
the
Signed
Promise
,
violently
ravaged
,
and
taken
many
other
.
But
,
we
must
not
keep
our
word
with
Hereticks
.
Who
must
be
upbraided
with
this
maxine
;
he
,
who
sayes
it
,
or
he
,
who
does
it
?
The
Emperour
,
upon
mature
deliberation
,
finding
the
equity
of
the
cause
,
slighting
the
danger
,
which
yet
was
most
vilable
;
for
he
went
about
to
shock
the
Electours
,
Princes
,
States
,
and
Towns
of
the
Empire
,
who
would
not
suffer
such
dainty
bits
to
be
plucked
out
of
their
mouths
,
with
out
contesting
,
and
hazarding
all
;
even
though
they
were
forced
to
call
in
strangers
.
A
command
to
rander
all
eccle
siesticell
goods
,
taken
after
the
Controll
of
Passavia
.
Wherefore
,
upon
the
sixth
of
March
1629
,
he
sent
a
most
expresse
command
from
his
good
City
of
Vienna
,
to
all
the
Princes
,
and
Towns
of
the
Empire
,
forthwith
to
restore
all
ecclesiasticall
Lands
,
or
Goods
,
seazed
,
or
occupated
after
the
composition
of
Passavia
,
upon
pain
of
losse
,
of
all
P●●viledges
,
Rights
,
Immunities
,
and
the
Imperiall
Eccommunication
.
The
Thunderbolt
,
which
falls
before
the
feet
of
the
travayler
,
doth
not
so
much
astonish
him
,
as
this
sentence
did
all
the
Protestants
.
But
before
we
passe
to
this
disasterous
War
,
let
us
see
the
motives
,
and
reasons
of
both
patryes
.
I
have
already
shewed
,
upon
what
Right
the
Emperours
command
was
grounded
;
There
son
why
:
the
execution
whereof
was
assured
him
to
be
facil
enough
,
by
so
many
victorious
Armies
,
which
it
would
be
no
less
then
evident
temerity
for
them
to
oppose
;
since
he
had
already
ventered
to
expel
the
Heriticks
out
of
his
own
Haereditary
Countries
,
&
had
brought
the
sedition
of
the
Peasants
to
a
good
issue
.
But
,
the
occult
causes
were
,
that
he
could
not
better
fix
his
Authority
,
then
by
this
way
;
in
regard
that
,
it
he
would
be
generally
adored
,
and
root
the
Imperial
Crown
fast
in
his
Family
,
he
must
needs
first
resorm
,
and
re-establish
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
every where
.
That
he
had
a
fooring
in
the
Bahick
Sea
;
and
that
since
he
had
so
well
begun
,
he
ought
to
prosecute
,
and
finish
:
That
he
was
obliged
to
God
,
the
Church
,
and
the
Holy
See
;
and
that
at
serves
for
nothing
,
to
undertake
,
without
perseverance
,
and
the
Iron
must
be
struck
whilest
it
is
hot
,
&c.
Now
the
Protestants
found
this
Command
,
of
as
hard
digestion
as
the
Belgicks
,
or
Low-country
people
did
the
exaction
of
the
Tenth
Penny
,
A
hard
Proposition
.
imposed
upon
them
by
the
Duke
of
Alva
.
Men
fight
sometimes
(
sayes
a
learned
Writer
)
with
more
resolution
,
for
the
Harth
,
then
for
the
Altar
.
Wherefore
,
Pro
arri
&
focis
.
it
was
held
sit
to
oppose
it
,
by
some
Protestation
:
and
so
,
they
beseeched
his
Majesty
to
suspend
the
execution
thereof
,
till
it
were
decided
,
in
a
Generall
Diet.
But
,
in
the
mean
while
,
there
grew
murmuration
,
and
grumbling
every
where
,
the
hatred
for
Religion
was
renewed
;
and
a
most
manifest
aversion
of
the
people
,
discovered
.
The
Emperour
granted
them
a
Generall
Assembly
at
Ratisbone
,
The
Assembly
at
Rathbone
.
and
transported
himself
thither
,
at
the
same
time
,
that
the
newes
was
brought
him
,
that
the
King
of
Sweden
was
entred
with
an
Army
into
the
Territories
of
the
Empyre
.
Whereupon
,
the
Protestant
Embassadours
,
even
ravished
with
joy
,
required
not
only
a
Revocation
of
the
said
Edict
,
or
Command
,
in
order
to
the
Ecclesiasticall
possessions
,
but
also
that
all
might
be
restored
to
the
same
state
wherein
it
was
,
before
the
Revolt
.
But
Ferdinand
would
not
hearken
to
this
;
for
either
he
must
make
himself
obeyed
,
or
leave
to
Command
.
Hereupon
,
the
Embassadors
sneaked
away
,
And
at
Leppsick
.
and
assembled
themselves
at
Leipsick
.
The
Neighbouring
nations
seeing
this
alteration
,
were
not
a
little
glad
,
to
understand
that
there
was
a
preparation
made
,
to
give
this
Majesty
a
general
check
in
the
very
foundation
,
and
root
thereof
.
In
a
word
,
Leagues
and
Confoederations
were
concluded
,
and
strangers
,
(
who
,
by
occult
wayes
,
helped
to
fabricate
this
fire
)
called
in
,
and
embraced
;
the
ambition
of
Spain
not
forgotten
,
which
aymed
at
nothing
but
the
Universal
Monarchy
:
the
Inquisition
canvased
,
and
the
Jesuites
,
as
Parricides
,
Incendiaries
,
Enomies
to
peace
,
and
Authours
of
all
sedition
,
coupled
:
The
Roman
Antichrist
carried
also
his
pack
,
by
the
writings
of
such
,
as
whose
whose
party
was
supby
the
cruell
lot
of
Armes
;
and
in
fine
,
by
all
the
Protestants
:
The
Imperial
Majesty
it self
was
exposed
to
the
rage
of
the
people
,
which
wished
for
nothing
but
a
change
.
Yea
,
even
the
Imperial
Townes
,
which
suspected
that
Majesty
,
and
which
,
by
the
licence
of
the
change
of
Religion
,
had
appropriated
to
themselves
all
the
aforesaid
Lands
and
Goods
,
thrust
on
the
wheel
,
augmented
the
distrust
,
and
offered
the
profusion
of
their
treasures
,
thereby
to
hinder
the
drawing
of
the
principall
source
thereof
.
It
was
also
alledged
,
that
the
Princes
and
States
,
had
had
ground
and
cause
to
employ
the
Ecclesiasticall
Lands
,
and
Goods
,
to
better
uses
;
and
that
the
Priests
;
and
Monks
,
lived
ill
,
fatted
themselves
like
hogges
,
and
gave
scandal
,
to
the
whole
world
.
That
they
had
peacefully
enjoyed
them
above
sixty
years
,
and
that
such
of
them
,
as
were
left
them
by
their
Ancestours
,
might
be
retaken
by
them
,
to
provide
for
their
children
.
In
fine
,
complaints
,
reasons
,
and
libels
were
not
wanting
:
And
after
a
great
wind
,
commonly
sollowes
rain
:
so
,
all
here
being
disposed
,
they
came
from
words
to
blowes
.
CHAP.
XVII
The
Assembly
of
Ratisbone
,
where
Frithland
is
dismissed
from
his
Charge
.
The
Allyance
of
the
Duke
of
Bwaria
,
with
the
King
of
France
,
1630.
DUring
the
Assembly
at
Ratisbone
,
in
the
year
1630.
Maximilian
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
and
Electour
,
made
a
League
Defensive
,
and
Offensive
,
with
the
King
of
France
;
whereby
his
Majesty
promised
to
maintain
the
Electorat
in
the
House
of
Bavaria
,
and
defend
it
against
any
,
who
might
be
so
bold
as
to
attack
it
,
with
an
Army
of
fifty
thousand
men
,
and
he
promised
the
King
to
succour
him
,
with
four
thousand
Foot
,
and
fifteen
hundred
Horse
,
and
he
wrought
so
much
by
his
frequent
suites
,
and
instances
with
the
Emperour
(
induced
thereto
by
Cardinal
Richellen
)
that
he
procured
the
Dignity
of
Generall
to
be
taken
away
from
the
Duke
of
Frithland
,
Frithland
dis●
missed
from
his
charge
.
who
had
alwayes
so
well
served
him
,
though
by
his
behaviour
he
were
growne
insupportable
,
chiefly
to
such
as
loved
not
the
House
of
Austria
.
Those
powers
which
are
trayled
by
so
many
puissant
Aemulators
together
,
run
post
to
destruction
.
This
councell
proved
dammageable
to
the
Emperour
,
and
yet
more
to
him
who
gave
it
;
and
he
who
invented
it
,
was
very
likely
to
overthrow
the
whole
Empyre
.
The
King
of
Sweden
invited
to
come
into
Germany
.
The
King
of
Sweden
,
being
advertised
of
all
which
passed
in
Germany
,
invited
by
the
Germans
themselves
;
incited
by
France
,
England
,
Venice
,
the
Vnited
Provinces
,
and
by
occasion
(
which
he
took
up
by
the
Forelock
)
as
also
by
his
own
peculiar
interests
,
began
to
make
his
preparatives
.
There
wanted
nothing
for
a
potent
League
,
but
Causes
,
and
Pretexts
,
whereof
there
would
be
found
enough
,
though
it
were
no
more
,
then
every
ones
own
advantage
apart
,
which
is
so
strong
,
that
it
ordinarily
carries
the
ballance
,
how
full
soever
it
be
of
reason
and
justice
.
Men
of
this
Age
adore
it
:
neither
is
it
without
ground
,
that
a
certain
learned
person
calls
it
,
the
Idoll
of
these
times
.
Towards
the
beginning
of
the
year
1630.
Europe
was
in
a
kind
of
Crisis
,
war
in
Italy
,
Germany
full
of
old
souldiers
,
who
struck
terrour
wheresoever
they
passed
.
France
,
apprehending
lest
this
storm
should
fall
upon
her
,
and
that
the
Eagles
should
come
and
nestle
again
in
those
three
Townes
,
which
were
taken
from
them
(
as
I
have
noted
already
)
hindied
a
Treaty
of
Truce
,
by
hindring
the
acceptation
of
the
Propositions
,
and
sent
to
the
very
bottom
of
the
North
,
to
awaken
Gustavus
Adolphus
to
a
League
.
Nor
needed
there
much
eloquence
to
pers
wade
him
,
who
looked
asquint
already
,
upon
those
puissant
Troops
,
upon
the
Baltick
Sea
,
which
draw
near
him
.
But
,
knowing
how
he
had
been
caught
by
his
Neighbour
,
he
would
not
be
content
with
promises
,
but
required
a
surety
at
Amsterdani
,
before
he
would
passe
any
further
,
England
,
besides
the
generall
interest
,
had
that
of
the
Prince
Palatine
,
which
she
conuld
not
handsomely
abandon
,
in
such
a
conjuncture
;
and
yet
was
she
also
fain
to
give
assurance
for
moneys
,
before
she
could
enter
the
League
of
this
great
Captain
.
The
States
Generall
were
much
concerned
therein
,
since
by
the
growth
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
they
foresaw
their
certain
ruin
,
in
regard
of
the
succour
,
which
she
would
be
able
to
give
the
Spaniards
.
And
moreover
,
they
might
well
fear
,
lest
all
the
States
of
Germany
humiliated
,
or
joyned
to
those
of
the
Emperour
,
he
might
come
to
redemand
some
Townes
amongst
them
,
which
are
yet
noted
at
the
corner
of
the
Eagle
or
Empyre
.
The
Venetians
,
not
warmed
with
the
zeal
of
Religion
,
as
the
Protestants
were
,
as
being
of
the
same
with
this
House
;
found
for
the
interest
of
their
State
,
that
it
was
necessary
,
to
put
the
said
House
into
such
termes
,
as
might
not
give
so
much
jealousie
.
And
so
,
the
Protestants
being
inflamed
,
and
incouraged
,
by
the
Catholicks
,
which
were
interessed
,
and
desirous
to
see
some
disorder
spring
up
in
this
powerful
Body
;
undertook
the
same
designe
.
And
then
it
was
,
that
the
Empire
was
to
be
torne
in
pieces
,
since
the
Germans
themselves
conspired
her
ruine
,
with
her
Enemies
,
and
subtracted
themselves
from
her
obedience
,
because
they
could
not
endure
her
Majesty
.
The
House
cannot
faile
to
be
burnt
,
when
the
very
owners
themselves
,
as
well
as
the
enemies
,
help
to
set
it
on
fire
.
This
unhappinesse
was
reserved
for
the
latter
times
.
Let
us
see
the
King
of
Sweden
come
in
;
for
he
will
dance
better
then
all
who
came
before
him
.
CHAP.
XVIII
The
entry
of
the
King
of
Sweden
into
Germany
.
His
reasons
why
?
Those
of
the
Emperour
.
Allyances
with
Bogistaus
.
He
blocks
up
the
Sea
Towns
.
Tilly
takes
the
Generalate
,
against
his
will
.
WHere
shall
I
be
able
to
finde
tearmes
,
and
Inke
black
enough
,
to
expresse
,
and
write
tragically
enough
,
the
cruel
,
and
dismal
effects
,
of
this
sanguinary
,
and
horrible
War
?
Where
shall
I
chuse
words
of
energy
,
or
force
enough
,
to
curse
the
inhuman
actions
,
and
unnatural
Tragedies
,
which
have
been
acted
in
wretched
Europ
,
and
which
are
not
yet
ended
;
and
that
,
onely
by
the
immense
ambition
of
some
few
persons
?
It
is
lawful
openly
to
blame
Vice
,
but
not
such
as
commit
it
:
It
is
God
onely
,
who
must
judge
,
and
we
poor
Subjects
must
bend
our
shoulders
,
and
expect
our
deliverance
from
above
.
About
Mid-Summer
,
in
the
year
1630.
the
King
of
Sweden
entred
Germany
with
an
Army
;
having
first
cleansed
the
Isle
of
Rugia
,
and
the
borders
of
Stralsund
,
from
the
Imperial
Garrisons
.
The
reasons
which
he
published
,
for
his
coming
as
an
Enemy
,
were
.
First
,
because
his
Embassadours
had
not
been
admitted
,
to
the
Treaty
of
Lubeck
.
Secondly
,
in
regard
the
Imperialists
came
against
him
in
Prussia
.
And
thirdly
,
for
that
some
Letters
of
his
,
which
he
sent
to
Bethleem
Gabor
,
had
been
intercepted
,
in
full
peace
.
But
these
,
were
but
pretexts
:
for
the
true
,
and
moving
grounds
were
these
.
His
reasons
.
First
,
because
the
Emperour
had
deprived
his
kinsmen
,
the
Princes
of
Meckelemburgh
,
of
their
Dutchyes
.
Secondly
,
for
that
he
had
built
Forts
,
in
all
the
Havens
;
and
made
Ships
,
to
render
himselfe
potent
upon
the
Baltick
Sea
,
with
designe
to
passe
one
day
further
into
Sweden
,
then
he
was
to
expect
,
that
the
Eagles
would
be
suffered
to
coast
.
And
lastly
,
in
respect
there
was
some
apperance
of
extending
his
domination
in
Germany
;
and
in
a
word
,
it
is
alwayes
profitable
to
fish
,
in
troubled
waters
.
The
answer
to
the
aforesaid
reasons
.
The
Emperour
answered
,
that
he
himselfe
had
begun
,
by
putting
a
Garrison
into
Stralsund
,
and
that
there
could
be
no
treating
with
him
,
without
drawing
it
from
thence
.
As
for
his
Letters
,
besides
that
all
the
plots
,
and
practices
,
both
of
himself
,
and
his
Allyes
,
were
already
discovered
;
it
was
impossible
,
but
they
must
tend
to
his
disadvantage
,
being
directed
to
a
man
,
who
had
as
often
revolted
,
as
opportunity
was
offered
him
to
do
it
;
and
who
never
kept
his
faith
,
but
when
he
wanted
occasion
to
break
it
.
In
relation
to
the
Baltick
Sea
,
he
had
at
least
(
being
Chief
,
and
Emperour
)
as
much
to
do
with
it
,
as
Gustavus
had
.
That
the
succour
which
he
sent
the
King
of
Poland
,
was
sounded
upon
the
same
Maxims
,
upon
which
himselfe
had
succoured
the
King
of
Denmark
,
and
Stralsund
.
In
order
to
the
Dukes
of
Meckelemburgh
,
he
objected
,
that
he
had
nothing
to
do
,
to
controwl
him
in
Germany
;
and
that
himselfe
would
not
take
it
well
,
that
he
should
medle
with
any
of
his
kingdom
.
That
his
cares
were
open
to
Intercessions
,
but
not
to
Commands
.
But
,
all
these
arguments
served
for
nothing
;
there
must
be
blowes
.
For
,
the
King
was
sure
of
his
Allyes
,
and
of
the
inclination
of
all
the
Protestants
,
whose
Cause
,
and
Religion
,
he
vanted
,
that
he
came
to
defend
.
Moreover
,
this
generous
Prince
,
being
brought
up
in
arms
,
was
sure
,
that
,
could
he
but
once
come
to
beate
that
old
Captain
,
Tilly.
that
victorious
Rock
,
against
which
all
his
Enemies
had
made
shipwrack
;
all
the
Lutherans
would
lend
him
their
hands
,
from
the
one
end
of
the
Empire
,
to
the
other
;
and
then
,
what
honour
,
and
what
glory
should
he
obtain
?
And
if
it
hapned
otherwise
,
he
might
consolate
himselfe
,
with
all
such
other
Warriers
,
as
had
suffered
the
like
disgrace
;
though
yet
still
,
with
this
advantage
beyond
them
,
that
his
Enemies
could
not
follow
him
,
into
his
kingdom
.
In
brief
,
he
wanted
but
the
getting
of
one
General
Battel
,
to
put
into
his
hands
the
two
thirds
of
the
Empire
:
and
one
more
for
all
;
and
Italy
in
,
to
the
bargaine
.
King
Gustave
leagues
with
the
Dake
of
Pomerania
.
Whilest
he
was
treating
the
League
with
Duke
Bogislaus
(
who
received
him
in
Stetin
)
and
driving
the
Imperialists
out
of
Pomerania
,
and
Meckelenbargh
;
being
fortunate
in
many
Encounters
,
and
chiefly
,
in
that
which
was
offered
for
the
succour
of
Colbergh
(
where
the
Imperialists
were
knocked
,
and
Torquaro
Conty
forced
to
incamp
himselfo
at
Gartz
)
the
Protestants
assembled
themselves
secretly
at
Leipsick
,
from
whence
they
communicated
with
him
,
and
amongst
themselves
,
about
the
means
of
retaining
the
Ecclesiastical
Lands
,
and
Goods
in
question
;
of
maintaining
their
Religion
;
and
reducing
,
and
restraining
the
Empire
,
to
the
same
state
,
wherein
it
had
been
before
the
troubles
.
All
kindes
of
defence
are
authorized
,
when
there
is
fear
of
the
diminution
of
estate
,
and
State
,
together
with
that
of
Religion
.
It
seems
,
that
in
these
times
,
men
may
dispense
with
their
faith
or
word
given
,
even
upon
meer
doubts
;
and
that
it
is
lawful
,
upon
meer
apprehensions
onely
,
though
without
any
ground
,
to
withdraw
ones
selfe
from
obedience
.
But
dissidence
,
and
power
to
hurt
upon
occasion
,
have
more
weight
in
State-interest
,
then
in
Right
;
and
they
,
who
have
not
Peace
,
and
Justice
,
for
the
scope
of
their
armes
,
do
not
make
War
,
but
commit
robberies
;
for
the
end
of
War
,
ought
to
be
Peace
.
He
blocks
the
sea
Towns
.
Now
,
the
King
spent
all
the
Summer
,
in
blocking
up
the
maritine
Places
;
raising
new
Troops
;
exciting
the
Inhabitants
to
expell
their
Guests
,
and
receive
their
old
Masters
;
wherein
they
shewed
themselves
so
good
Servants
,
that
their
fear
effectively
appeared
in
all
parts
.
Bogistans
wrote
complaints
,
and
excuses
to
the
Emperour
;
but
they
brought
nothing
back
,
but
reproaches
,
and
condemnations
.
In
the
mean
time
,
the
Imperial
Army
and
that
of
the
League
,
were
without
a
Head
;
because
the
Duke
of
Frithland
had
obeyed
the
Emperours
Order
;
and
General
Tilly
had
a
minde
to
submit
to
some
pious
inspirations
,
which
commanded
him
to
leave
this
Trade
,
and
passe
the
rest
of
his
dayes
in
the
service
of
his
Heavenly
Master
:
In
such
sort
,
as
there
was
much
a
doe
,
yea
,
and
many
great
Divines
were
faint
to
display
their
eloquence
,
to
make
him
re-admit
this
Burthen
upon
his
shoulders
.
For
he
considered
,
that
he
had
alwayes
had
Fortune
as
his
Handmaid
;
that
he
had
acquired
as
much
glory
,
as
any
one
Captain
in
the
World
;
and
that
all
this
might
change
;
that
in
a
great
Calme
,
a
great
Storme
is
to
be
feared
;
and
that
it
often
happens
,
that
the
soundest
,
and
best
disposed
bodies
,
are
those
,
which
most
easily
fall
into
grevous
sicknesses
.
No
,
no
,
(
said
he
)
let
another
younger
then
I
am
,
untangle
this
Web
:
It
is
a
faire
Field
to
winne
the
Lawrel
;
since
the
dispute
is
about
Religion
,
and
the
Authority
,
of
the
Prime
man
of
the
World
;
the
Cause
is
just
;
and
the
more
difficulty
it
hath
in
it
,
the
more
glory
will
it
also
have
.
Sweat
,
and
Dust
mingled
with
blood
,
will
alwayes
revive
,
and
quicken
the
Palmes
,
and
Bayes
,
wherewith
his
head
shall
be
crowned
.
Mine
begin
to
way
old
with
me
;
and
I
will
now
consecrate
them
to
the
foot
of
a
Crucifix
.
O
how
happy
had
he
been
,
had
he
followed
this
connsel
,
and
put
himself
into
a
Monastery
,
as
he
had
projected
!
But
his
delights
were
to
be
mingled
with
bitternesse
;
his
glory
was
to
be
obscured
;
and
he
was
to
taste
the
condition
of
a
Conquered
,
as
well
as
that
of
a
Conquerour
.
The
Crosse
,
which
he
had
a
minde
to
embrace
in
a
Cloister
,
The
praise
of
Tilly
who
retakes
the
Generalate
.
was
but
exteriour
,
and
voluntary
;
but
this
was
to
be
active
,
and
essential
.
There
were
published
of
him
,
these
three
things
;
That
be
let
no
day
slip
,
without
hearing
Masse
:
That
he
had
never
touched
a
woman
;
And
that
he
never
lost
Battel
.
Let
us
leave
him
taking
the
charge
,
and
care
,
of
ranging
the
Souldiers
again
into
good
order
,
and
discipline
;
and
see
what
passed
at
Magdeburgh
,
since
the
year
1628.
CHAP.
XIX
The
Siege
of
Magdeburgh
.
The
Duke
of
Lauemburgh
beaten
,
and
taken
,
neer
the
Elbe
.
King
Gustave
takes
Francfurt
,
upon
the
Oder
,
and
beats
the
Imperialists
.
MAgdeburgh
is
an
Imperial
Town
,
in
the
Country
of
Saxonie
,
situated
upon
the
River
of
Elbe
,
grown
very
rich
,
and
puissant
,
and
by
consequence
insolent
,
by
the
conveniency
of
Trade
;
It
put
Charles
the
fisth
to
much
vexation
,
and
trouble
,
and
he
proclaimed
an
Outlawrie
against
it
,
and
gave
Maurice
Duke
of
Saxonie
the
execution
thereof
;
who
,
either
through
collusion
,
or
otherwise
,
forbore
to
take
it
;
and
from
thence
came
the
German
Proverb
:
Magdeburgh
,
the
first
disturbance
thereof
.
Metz
and
Magd
refused
to
dance
with
the
Empetour
.
After
Luthers
Doctrine
was
planted
there
,
the
Arch-Bishops
authority
began
to
be
much
vilifyed
,
and
consequently
,
that
of
the
Emperour
.
But
let
us
now
come
to
the
state
of
the
controversie
.
This
Town
chose
Augustus
Son
to
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
for
her
Administratour
.
Ferdinand
consented
not
to
this
Election
;
and
the
Pope
,
desirous
to
restore
his
credit
in
that
Country
,
together
with
that
of
the
Emperour
;
established
the
Arch-Duke
Leopold
,
who
is
at
present
Governour
of
the
Low-Countries
,
for
the
King
of
Spain
.
The
Imperialists
seized
upon
some
places
neer
it
,
and
extorted
a
summe
of
money
from
it
for
their
Solde
,
or
Pay
;
and
by
continuing
to
demand
a
greater
,
provoked
the
aversions
of
the
Cirtizens
,
and
encouraged
them
to
take
arms
,
and
chase
them
away
.
They
seized
also
upon
some
Barkes
,
which
went
to
the
Country
of
Meckelenburgh
;
so
that
Wallenstein
at
length
was
faine
to
come
and
revenge
that
Commotion
.
Appeased
by
Wallenstem
.
Brief
,
the
Town
was
invested
,
temerity
turned
into
repentance
,
and
arms
into
supplications
:
in
conclusion
,
all
was
pardoned
,
they
dispensed
with
for
a
Garrison
,
and
the
Forfeit
of
a
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
Riv.
-Dollars
,
which
was
liberally
remitted
,
out
of
respect
to
some
certain
Princes
:
though
yet
,
all
this
made
them
not
a
whit
better
Servants
,
to
Ferdinand
.
Thus
,
was
the
first
bout
past
;
but
there
followed
a
second
,
which
brought
an
utter
ruine
,
and
that
the
most
miserable
one
,
that
ever
fell
upon
any
Town
;
I
will
be
bold
to
say
,
then
that
of
Troy
,
even
though
all
were
true
,
which
hath
been
written
thereof
by
the
Greeks
,
and
then
that
of
Forusalem
,
Saguntum
,
and
Numantia
:
yea
,
of
Sancorra
,
and
Tirlemour
.
But
we
will
deliver
the
motives
thereof
,
and
the
Prodigies
,
which
praeceded
it
.
The
couse
of
the
disturbance
.
The
Arch-Dukes
Embassadours
were
sent
to
Hall
,
and
Magdeburgh
,
to
press
the
Inauguration
,
or
Investure
,
re-demand
the
Churches
,
and
dismount
the
Evangelical
Canonries
.
This
infinitely
displeased
the
Administratour
Christian
of
Brandenburgh
,
who
could
not
brook
,
that
such
a
dignity
,
together
with
so
great
Revenues
(
wherewith
he
could
maintain
himself
according
to
his
quality
)
should
be
forced
from
him
:
Nor
was
he
ignorant
,
of
how
the
Electour
of
Saxony
took
this
proceeding
,
with
what
eyes
these
new
Catholicks
were
looked
on
,
and
that
Fortune
did
forward
the
valiant
,
and
hinder
the
timid
:
and
therefore
,
he
fell
to
work
.
On
that
one
side
,
he
perceived
the
Assembly
of
Leipsick
,
and
the
intention
thereof
:
on
the
other
,
the
King
of
Sweden
,
who
made
great
progress
,
and
who
was
expected
by
all
,
as
a
true
Liberatour
,
or
Deliverer
,
and
in
the
middle
,
all
the
people
extremely
affectionate
to
the
Party
,
and
desirous
of
nothing
more
,
then
to
be
in
action
for
it
.
We
alwayes
covet
that
which
is
hurtful
to
us
,
and
ask
that
,
which
we
ought
to
shun
.
The
A
Iministratour
enters
into
the
Town
,
and
gaines
the
people
.
He
entred
into
Magdeburgh
disguised
,
with
Marshal
Falkenbergh
,
and
brought
things
so
to
pass
by
his
practises
,
and
shifts
,
that
he
gained
the
Principall
of
the
Town
privately
;
and
they
,
the
people
publickly
.
He
asked
them
,
whether
they
would
hold
with
the
King
Sweden
,
and
with
him
?
To
which
they
answered
with
a
loud
voyce
,
Yea.
Ah!
Blind
people
,
what
do
you
?
You
tumble
both
your
fortunes
,
and
lives
into
apracipice
,
by
a
fatality
,
which
no
body
can
comprehend
,
and
yet
lesse
,
resist
.
You
have
forgotten
your
first
sicknesse
,
but
you
will
perish
,
in
the
relaps
.
You
see
not
any
of
the
Prodigies
,
which
admonish
,
and
threaten
you
:
One
part
of
your
Walls
,
and
Bulwarks
,
tell
you
by
their
tottering
,
that
they
are
to
be
thrown
downe
,
and
that
flaming
sword
,
which
appeared
aver
your
Town
five
or
six
moneths
before
your
ruine
,
whilst
you
stept
,
announced
to
you
,
that
fire
and
sword
should
destroy
you
.
Prepare
your selves
to
suffer
Armes
,
since
you
demand
warre
;
he
who
laves
danger
,
shall
perish
in
it
.
Now
this
was
a
Master-piece
for
the
King
of
Sweden
,
as
being
one
of
the
chief
Instruments
,
to
smooth
the
way
to
his
victories
.
For
this
Town
retarded
the
Armes
of
the
Imperialists
,
and
opened
the
passage
,
to
those
of
the
Swedes
;
who
thereby
got
meanes
to
hunt
them
quickly
out
of
all
Pomerania
,
and
Meckelenburgh
,
and
terrified
them
,
in
fine
,
like
an
Earthquake
,
so
that
they
knew
not
to
what
Saint
to
pray
most
.
They
had
their
enemies
within
,
without
,
and
on
every
side
.
If
they
opposed
such
as
were
before
,
they
were
beaten
behind
:
The
victory
of
the
●wedes
in
Pomerania
,
and
Meckelenbergh
.
so
such
sort
,
as
that
the
first
year
,
Gustavus
having
made
an
Allyance
with
:
Duke
Bogislaus
,
cleansed
Pomerania
,
and
Meckelenbergh
,
by
almost
a
general
Insurrection
of
the
people
,
and
Generall
Tilly's
absence
,
The
Maritine
Townes
,
as
Colbergh
,
Rostock
,
Damitz
,
and
Wismaer
,
when
they
had
been
very
long
blocked
up
,
yeelded
themselves
one
after
another
,
for
want
of
succour
;
and
the
King
,
having
wedged
up
the
Imperialists
,
asfar
as
into
Silesia
,
carried
on
the
war
,
to
the
very
bank
of
the
Elb
;
but
it
was
after
the
elestruction
of
Magdeburgh
,
as
we
shal
forthwith
shew
.
He
found
a
little
repugnance
in
Pomerania
,
from
them
,
who
knew
Perdinands
forces
;
but
his
violent
arguments
made
them
bow
,
&
his
complaints
moved
the
Electors
also
to
change
their
note
,
who
had
not
qualified
him
,
in
their
Letters
,
with
the
title
of
:
King
.
He
frighted
the
Ladies
at
Berling
,
and
got
Spawdan
for
his
retreat
.
In
brief
,
they
who
invited
him
,
were
constrained
to
se-joyn
themselves
in
apparence
from
him
,
and
make
a
shew
to
apprehend
,
and
fear
him
;
though
in
their
soules
,
they
adored
him
,
as
their
deliverer
:
but
this
dissimulation
caused
the
ruine
of
Germany
,
and
repentance
in
them
,
who
so
dexterously
served
themselves
of
it
.
The
Administratour
being
glad
boyond
measure
,
to
see
that
his
design
had
succeeded
so
well
,
hoped
to
be
very
shortly
in
a
condition
,
not
only
to
expell
his
enemies
,
but
to
advance
the
war
also
,
to
some
other
part
.
Papenheim
hastens
,
and
begius
the
Siege
,
1630.
But
Papenheim
posting
thither
,
succoured
the
Castle
of
Hall
,
retook
forth
with
all
all
the
Towns
,
stopped
up
the
Fox
in
his
hole
,
and
began
the
fatal
Siege
of
●hisu●happy
Town
,
the
18.
of
December
1630.
The
King
,
seeing
his
enemies
engaged
in
a
long
and
tedious
Siege
,
and
desirous
to
serve
himself
of
the
advantage
,
thought
of
another
diversion
;
and
so
,
he
sent
Francis
Duke
of
La●enburgh
,
with
some
Troops
,
towards
the
Elb●
,
to
raise
a
great
fire
there
;
Chastises
Duks
Francis
near
the
Elbe
.
but
Papenheim
quenched
it
with
their
own
blood
;
took
the
said
Duke
prisoner
in
a
small
Bark
,
and
sent
him
to
the
Emperour
,
for
not
having
kept
his
promise
,
which
he
gave
him
,
never
to
bear
Armes
against
him
.
Having
thus
furiously
dispatched
this
Commision
,
he
came
back
to
the
Siege
,
and
Tilly
having
mustered
his
Army
,
though
he
found
it
not
so
great
as
he
conceived
,
Tilly
in
Meckelenbergh
.
marched
neverthelesse
to
Meckelenbergh
.
Gustave
,
the
other
side
,
seeing
his
onemies
melt
before
Magdeburgh
,
and
having
performed
very
great
Exploits
,
both
in
Summer
,
and
Autumne
,
marched
in
the
month
of
December
,
up
the
Oder
,
to
manifest
thereby
that
he
was
more
vigorous
in
the
winter
,
then
the
Summer
.
In
effect
,
Tilly
returns
to
the
Siege
,
and
and
the
King
beats
the
Imperialists
as
Francfu●t
.
the
Imperialist
durst
not
expect
him
at
Gartz
;
but
,
after
the
loste
of
many
of
their
men
,
retyred
themselves
in
confusion
,
and
made
a
stand
again
at
Francfurt
,
upon
the
same
River
,
though
yet
he
returned
,
and
intrenched
himself
,
without
hazarding
any
combat
at
all
,
or
opposing
Tilly
,
who
took
Newbrandenburgh
,
and
put
the
Garrison
to
the
sword
,
before
his
face
.
But
he
had
his
revenge
,
and
made
Tilly
return
towards
Magdeburgh
,
whilest
himself
took
Frankfurt
,
in
the
month
of
April
1631.
with
incredible
felicity
,
beat
the
Emperours
old
Bands
;
flew
above
three
thousand
upon
the
place
,
and
forced
the
rest
to
double
their
pace
,
towards
Silesia
.
After
having
plucked
out
this
thorne
,
he
bent
all
his
thoughts
,
to
the
succour
of
Magdeburgh
,
where
we
will
leave
him
,
to
see
what
passed
at
that
famous
Assembly
of
Leipsick
,
where
there
was
present
that
renowned
Capucin
,
Father
Joseph
,
to
animate
,
together
with
the
other
Embassadours
,
the
Protestants
,
to
warre
against
the
Catholick
League
.
But
interest
of
State
is
more
considerable
then
Religion
;
the
Body
,
then
the
Soule
:
this
world
,
then
the
other
,
and
man
,
then
God
:
If
Right
must
be
wronged
,
it
must
be
done
,
only
to
gain
a
kingdom
;
in
all
other
other
things
,
piety
must
be
reveranced
.
This
proceeding
had
no
other
justice
,
then
reason
of
State
;
and
yet
,
the
Reformates
will
be
sure
,
not
to
excite
the
Catholicks
to
the
destruction
of
any
nation
,
which
purely
followestheir
Doctrine
.
When
you
shall
see
the
abomination
of
desolation
,
save
your selves
upon
the
Mountains
.
The
Assembly
of
Leip
sick
was
convocated
by
the
Electour
of
Saxony
,
as
Head
of
the
Protestants
,
thereby
to
hinder
the
restitution
of
the
Ecclesiastical
Lands
,
and
Goods
;
to
succour
a
Magdeburgh
,
and
joyn
with
the
Swedes
,
to
resist
the
Emperour
,
whose
potency
was
too
formidable
to
them
.
And
this
was
the
ground
of
their
calling
King
Gustave
into
Germany
,
to
be
Captain
Generall
of
all
the
forces
;
who
,
being
fortified
by
the
Allyances
of
France
,
England
,
and
the
Conforderated
States
of
the
Low-countries
,
promised
himselfe
no
lesse
then
the
Empyre
it self
,
if
he
could
winne
but
one
Battail
.
CHAP.
XX
The
Protestants
make
an
Allyance
with
King
Gustave
.
Magdeburgh
taken
by
force
.
They
arm
every
where
.
WHilest
the
Embassadours
of
the
Princes
,
Imperial
Towns
,
and
Protestans
States
,
were
treating
an
Allyance
,
and
the
King
was
growing
formidable
;
the
Drummes
were
beating
,
and
the
Trumpets
sounding
every
where
;
in
such
sort
,
as
that
the
two
Electours
,
in
the
month
of
July
1631
,
seeing
themselves
with
an
Army
on
foot
of
twenty
thousand
men
,
threw
off
their
vizard
,
wrote
to
the
Emperour
,
as
accusing
him
of
having
broaken
his
Oath
,
overthrown
the
Peace
,
and
Liberty
of
Germany
;
and
in
fine
,
Complaints
against
the
Emperour
.
of
having
taken
away
the
bonds
of
Religion
:
And
if
he
revoked
not
that
Edict
for
Restitution
of
Ecclesiastical
Lands
,
and
Goods
,
and
that
there
were
not
some
means
found
out
to
remedy
these
diforders
,
the
whole
Empyre
would
go
to
rack
.
But
it
was
now
too
late
to
talk
of
remedies
;
strangers
being
already
gotten
in
,
and
Ferdinands
honour
too
deeply
ingaged
.
Nor
did
their
distrusts
,
and
jealousies
derogate
one
jot
,
from
the
justice
of
the
Edict
;
no
more
then
their
possession
of
so
many
yeares
made
them
true
,
and
lawfull
Proprietaries
:
For
,
That
which
is
differed
,
is
not
lost
.
And
for
the
praescription
,
it
served
for
nothing
;
it
being
as
lawful
for
the
Emperour
,
to
take
the
said
Lands
,
and
Goods
from
them
by
way
of
Justice
,
as
it
had
been
for
them
to
dispossesse
the
Ecclesiasticks
thereof
by
violence
,
or
to
retain
them
,
against
the
agreement
made
,
after
they
had
withdrawne
themselves
from
the
ancient
Church
,
Refused
by
other
.
to
marry
:
and
so
much
the
rather
,
because
he
was
obliged
thereto
by
his
Authority
,
Right
,
and
Interest
.
Besides
,
he
wanted
not
arguments
to
retort
.
For
,
he
accused
them
of
deceit
;
for
that
,
under
pretext
of
consulting
,
they
had
assembled
themselves
,
to
take
Armes
,
and
joyn
wich
Gustave
:
That
it
was
they
,
who
had
long
agoe
,
ruined
the
supports
of
Religion
,
and
divided
Germany
by
factions
,
and
distrusts
,
to
the
detriment
of
the
publick
quiet
;
and
that
himself
,
as
being
the
Head
,
was
bound
to
restore
all
to
the
former
splendour
,
and
good
intelligence
.
So
every
one
pretended
to
have
right
on
his
side
;
and
the
sword
was
to
do
the
office
.
Now
Tilly
,
who
by
the
strength
of
[
](A55965-e80390-b)*
*
Gold
.
Ducats
,
had
opened
the
conscience
,
had
purchased
the
Pen
of
a
Secretary
,
knew
all
that
was
treated
in
the
said
Assembly
;
and
effectively
saw
,
that
there
was
neither
Burgh
,
nor
Village
under
the
jurisdiction
of
the
Protestants
,
where
souldiers
were
not
listed
.
Tilly
passes
into
Hastia
.
Wherefore
he
passed
into
Hassia
,
where
he
found
the
Landgrave
William
much
changed
,
as
being
far
more
mindfull
,
of
what
he
had
concluded
at
Leipsick
,
then
of
what
he
had
promised
the
Emperour
at
Vienna
:
For
,
he
refused
both
Garrison
,
and
Pension
,
as
also
the
casheering
of
his
forces
;
and
shewed
himself
resolute
;
in
fine
,
by
the
most
manifest
signs
of
aversion
he
gave
,
to
defend
himself
,
if
he
were
attacked
.
Upon
which
,
Tilly
preparing
himself
to
make
him
sing
another
tune
,
Returns
to
the
Siege
.
was
informed
,
that
the
King
advanced
towards
the
Elbe
,
and
so
his
menaces
were
but
Chimera's
;
for
he
was
forced
to
return
to
the
Siege
.
Count
Turstembergh
in
Swave
and
Wittemberg
.
The
Count
of
Turstembergh
,
an
old
Souldier
,
stood
not
with
his
Arms
acrosse
;
for
there
was
work
enough
cut
out
already
,
without
expecting
any
more
.
Wherefore
,
he
was
sent
into
,
Swaveland
,
and
Vlme
,
both
which
he
quickly
ranged
,
and
from
thence
,
into
the
Dutchy
of
Wirtembergh
,
where
the
eleven
thousand
men
newly
raysed
,
were
not
strong
enough
,
to
keep
the
Duke
within
the
League
:
in
such
sort
,
as
that
those
Provinces
were
constrained
,
to
renounce
the
Protestant
allyance
,
almost
as
soon
as
it
was
known
,
that
they
had
sworne
to
it
.
All
these
commandments
were
prosperous
enough
,
in
High
Germany
:
but
the
face
of
all
things
was
changed
,
in
Low
-
Saxonie
,
and
the
Maritine
Towns
(
the
principal
subject
of
the
distructs
)
which
had
long
been
blocked
up
,
and
put
themselves
again
,
into
King
Gustaves
hands
.
Tilly
and
Papenheim
,
being
resolved
rather
to
dye
,
then
abandon
the
Siege
,
dissembled
their
losses
received
,
and
continued
it
with
so
much
order
,
that
they
quickly
made
themselves
masters
,
All
the
Forts
taken
.
of
all
the
Forts
and
Out-works
;
so
that
there
remained
nothing
but
the
Town
,
which
perished
,
more
out
of
hatred
,
and
by
the
industrie
of
wise
Falkembergh
,
then
by
her
own
strength
.
The
Inhabitants
were
summoned
to
render
;
the
Mines
were
ready
,
and
the
hand
listed
up
to
strike
:
and
yet
,
through
their
obstinacie
and
blindnesse
,
they
would
needs
expect
extremityes
,
which
at
length
they
found
.
For
Papenheim
,
irritated
,
as
well
by
their
flowts
,
as
by
their
contumatious
resistance
,
entred
first
by
force
,
and
was
repulsed
by
the
Valour
of
the
Marshal
,
who
being
killed
by
a
bullet
,
And
the
Town
by
force
.
which
is
all
burnt
.
the
Inhabitants
quickly
retreated
into
their
houses
;
the
neerest
whereof
he
commanded
to
be
fired
;
and
almost
at
the
very
same
instant
,
the
fire
was
seen
very
far
from
thence
,
neer
the
Elbe
,
and
so
,
in
lesse
then
four
hours
,
this
fine
Town
was
reduced
into
ashes
,
whilest
the
Souldiers
were
fighting
with
the
Citizens
,
for
plunder
,
without
taking
any
care
at
all
,
to
extinguish
the
devouring
flames
.
This
was
the
end
of
that
deplorable
Town
,
the
ashes
whereof
produced
such
animosities
amongst
the
Lutherans
,
and
Reformates
,
against
the
Imperialists
,
that
they
cannot
be
highly
enough
expressed
;
and
principally
against
Tilly
,
whose
actions
they
carped
,
and
said
,
that
he
had
stained
all
his
gallant
Victories
,
with
the
smoaky
ruines
of
Megdeburgh
.
What
ever
were
in
the
matter
,
true
it
is
,
that
Tilly
,
after
this
ransack
,
found
fortune
alwayes
against
him
;
and
the
Protestants
reproached
him
with
the
indignation
,
and
vengeance
of
God
,
for
the
shedding
of
so
much
innocent
blood
.
The
Catholicks
,
on
the
other
side
,
retort
the
fault
upon
the
insolencie
of
the
Burghers
,
or
Townsmen
,
who
refused
honorable
conditions
,
when
there
was
time
for
them
:
and
whilest
the
gate
was
yet
open
to
favour
,
and
pardon
:
and
say
besides
,
that
the
Swedes
,
seeing
the
place
lost
,
lest
it
on
fire
,
for
feare
least
it
should
fall
entyre
,
together
with
the
Magazin
,
into
the
hands
of
their
enemies
;
alledging
for
proof
thereof
,
that
the
fire
was
kindled
,
in
many
parts
of
the
Town
,
from
which
the
imperialists
were
very
far
off
;
though
yet
indeed
,
when
souldiers
are
once
gotten
into
a
place
by
force
,
they
make
no
account
at
all
of
command
.
But
really
,
had
they
been
able
to
enjoy
this
victory
,
by
an
honourable
composition
,
they
would
have
been
able
by
the
conveniencie
of
the
passage
,
and
the
Bridge
,
to
keep
the
warre
alwayes
in
Meckclemburgh
;
succour
the
places
besieged
,
and
have
Westphalia
behind
them
:
for
;
a
little
before
the
taking
of
this
Town
,
they
had
forsaken
the
Bridge
of
Dassaw
,
upon
information
,
that
the
King
was
coming
thither
,
and
for
fear
least
he
should
serve
himself
of
the
said
passage
.
But
however
,
these
sparkles
incompassed
all
Germany
with
a
fire
,
which
lasted
till
the
year
1649.
Change
of
Religion
,
Commodityes
,
Allyances
,
Situation
,
and
Traffick
,
had
made
this
Town
very
insolent
,
with
impunity
:
but
the
pot
goes
so
often
to
the
water
,
that
at
length
,
it
returns
crackt
.
As
long
as
the
Relicks
of
St.
Norbert
rested
there
,
they
saved
(
according
to
the
opinion
of
many
)
the
Town
from
the
thunderbolt
;
but
after
they
were
secretly
stolne
way
,
the
wrath
of
heaven
fell
upon
it
,
and
crushed
it
,
Had
not
Vlyffes
stolne
the
Image
of
Minerva
,
Troy
had
not
perished
.
Magdeburgh
,
being
lost
in
her
ruins
,
and
the
poor
inhabitants
buryed
,
or
burnt
in
their
houses
,
nothing
was
left
to
the
conquerours
,
but
a
just
displeasure
,
to
see
the
desolation
thereof
.
Tilly
marched
with
his
army
;
entred
into
Saxonie
;
Tilly
goer
into
Saxonie
.
took
many
Towns
;
wrote
to
the
Duke
,
and
assured
him
,
that
if
he
renounced
not
the
League
,
he
would
compell
the
Emperour
to
call
strangers
,
into
Germany
,
as
well
as
the
Protestants
had
done
,
by
inviting
the
Swedes
,
and
all
the
Princes
,
by
choosing
Gustave
,
for
head
of
the
union
,
and
Protectour
of
the
Interests
of
the
said
League
.
The
Electour
was
extremly
afflicted
,
to
see
his
countrey
was
become
the
Theater
,
where
all
the
Armyes
were
to
begin
the
tragaedie
.
But
he
was
reproached
,
that
it
was
the
recompence
of
the
so
many
,
and
so
great
services
,
as
he
had
done
his
Imperiall
majesty
;
and
that
,
as
being
a
Lutheran
,
he
ought
to
be
chased
our
,
as
well
as
the
rest
.
Wherefore
,
he
beseeched
the
King
to
make
haste
;
but
he
temporizing
,
and
demanding
Wittembergh
for
his
retreat
,
he
offered
him
all
his
Country
:
by
which
franknesse
,
he
gave
him
so
much
contentment
,
that
he
resolved
to
succour
him
,
without
any
condition
at
all
.
Before
this
,
Gustave
worsted
Tilly
before
the
Fort
of
Werben
,
for
he
suffered
him
to
draw
neer
him
,
Tilly
beaten
near
Werben
.
under
praetext
that
his
Canon
was
nayled
,
and
Tilly
having
sent
spies
to
his
Camp
,
for
this
effect
,
and
understanding
that
all
was
quiet
,
conceaved
that
his
enterprize
would
not
faile
to
succed
;
and
so
was
repulsed
with
much
losse
;
and
a
little
after
,
he
lost
yet
three
Regiments
more
;
whereby
he
was
taught
,
that
he
had
to
do
,
with
a
man
who
was
neither
Novice
,
nor
.
Apprentice
,
and
that
he
must
dispute
lustily
,
to
get
any
advantage
upon
him
.
But
,
he
was
not
aware
,
that
his
mifortune
followed
him
to
closely
,
and
that
his
thirteen
years
Victorie
was
to
be
shortly
contaminated
,
by
the
losse
of
one
only
Battail
:
a
Battail
,
I
say
,
which
overthrew
the
house
of
Austria
;
destroyed
so
much
,
and
so
great
progresse
,
and
exposed
the
Catholicks
,
to
great
afflictions
.
Lansbergins
foretold
,
There
shall
come
a
King
from
the
North
,
who
shall
cause
troubles
in
Germany
.
Oh
Bishops
!
(
said
he
)
,
how
much
will
you
have
to
suffer
?
&c.
CHAP.
XXI
The
Battail
of
Leipsick
.
The
flight
of
the
Imperialists
.
The
battail
of
Leipsick
the
17
of
September
,
8631
:
KING
Gustave
being
joyned
to
the
forces
of
the
Electours
,
a
resolution
was
taken
,
to
goe
,
and
face
General
Tylly
:
who
having
the
wind
favourable
,
and
taken
the
Town
of
Leipsick
,
incamped
himself
hard
by
,
and
stood
fast
,
to
expect
the
Armyes
of
the
confederates
.
This
Battail
,
wherein
were
hazarded
the
Capps
of
two
Electours
,
the
liberty
of
the
Princes
of
Germany
;
the
conquests
of
so
many
years
,
and
the
whole
hope
of
the
Roman
Catholicks
,
was
very
bloudy
,
and
the
old
bands
,
which
had
never
been
scensly
,
gave
ground
here
.
The
Saxons
began
the
Shock
,
or
Onser
,
whilest
the
king
enlarged
his
Camp
,
to
get
the
winde
.
But
they
withstood
it
not
long
,
before
they
ran
;
and
their
very
flight
made
the
King
winne
the
Victorie
.
We
are
taught
by
hurt
;
and
misfortune
it selfe
is
good
,
for
something
.
There
needed
nothing
to
cause
disorder
,
for
the
Imperialists
pursued
the
Saxons
so
far
,
that
they
gave
the
Swedes
occasion
to
gain
,
with
little
trouble
,
their
Camp
,
their
Canon
,
and
the
Winde
;
and
Generall
Horne
,
flanking
them
in
their
pursuite
,
put
them
into
such
confusion
,
that
they
knew
not
one
another
,
and
hindred
them
from
returning
to
their
own
Body
,
from
whence
they
had
more
hotly
,
then
wifely
unfastened
them selves
.
Tilly
,
seeing
this
rowte
,
gave
order
for
the
Canon
to
be
regained
;
whereupon
,
Papenheim
with
his
Horse
,
gave
the
Swedes
two
such
furious
Charges
,
as
that
had
it
not
been
for
the
presence
of
brave
King
Gustave
,
it
was
likely
,
that
they
,
who
had
alwayes
been
accustomed
to
vanquish
,
would
also
have
triumphed
now
.
But
he
exhorting
his
men
,
both
by
his
Majesty
,
actions
,
and
eloquence
;
and
a
terrible
execution
,
being
done
upon
the
Imperialists
,
as
well
by
their
own
Canon
,
as
by
that
of
their
Enemies
;
their
Cavalrie
began
to
fly
.
Tilly
followed
,
though
he
were
wounded
,
and
thereby
gave
the
lye
to
such
as
had
impudently
published
;
that
he
was
invulnerable
,
by
vertue
of
some
certain
Characters
,
or
Charms
.
If
the
Imperiall
Horse
,
had
done
their
duty
,
as
well
as
the
foot
theirs
,
the
confederates
had
runne
hazard
to
loose
all
.
But
the
Foot
being
abandoned
,
The
valour
of
the
Imperial
Foot
.
fought
so
valliantly
,
that
they
were
faine
to
turne
the
ordnance
upon
five
Regiments
,
which
were
rallyed
,
and
fortifyed
a
part
before
they
could
break
them
.
All
the
Baggage
,
Artillery
,
Munition
,
and
sixscore
Coulers
fel
into
the
Conquerours
hands
.
Now
,
who
will
have
forward
trust
,
to
his
own
strength
,
and
power
?
Who
will
presume
to
rely
upon
the
number
of
his
Victories
?
Who
will
beleeve
that
fortune
can
be
stopped
,
with
a
Nayle
of
Diamant
?
You
see
,
that
an
Army
of
foure
and
twenty
thousand
Caprains
(
that
is
,
all
old
Souldiers
)
were
broaken
,
in
the
plaine
,
and
open
Field
.
Was
i●
for
want
of
courage
,
or
experience
.
By
no
meanes
.
By
whom
?
By
Souldiers
,
who
understood
it
better
then
they
?
Neither
shall
we
finde
the
cause
,
in
the
Justice
of
the
Party
!
Least
of
all
:
for
every
one
thinks
,
he
hath
equity
on
his
side
;
and
besides
,
we
must
not
judge
of
Right
and
Valour
,
by
ambiguous
,
and
underraine
events
.
Moreover
,
we
are
taught
by
practice
,
that
Fortune
ranges
her self
ordinarily
with
usurpers
,
because
they
are
full
of
courage
,
and
the
Countreys
,
they
hold
,
of
ill
humours
,
factions
,
and
partialities
.
This
bloody
battail
,
which
was
the
seventh
of
September
,
1631
,
which
was
called
a
Day
of
blood
,
by
the
famous
Astrologer
Horlicins
;
and
which
changed
the
countenance
of
the
Affaires
of
Germany
.
And
the
news
of
this
victorie
,
(
which
got
strength
by
going
)
unspeakably
rejoyced
,
not
only
all
the
Protestants
,
but
also
all
such
,
as
to
whom
those
glorious
Fiagles
seemed
too
proud
,
and
so
much
undertaking
.
The
number
of
the
dead
,
was
very
great
,
by
the
obstinat
resistance
of
the
combattants
;
nor
was
that
of
the
prisoners
small
;
which
amounted
(
according
to
the
opinion
of
some
Authors
)
to
thirteen
thousand
men
.
The
darknesse
of
the
night
,
sheltered
such
as
fled
;
however
they
could
not
all
escape
the
rage
of
the
Peasants
,
who
cut
:
the
throates
of
three
thousand
of
them
.
Tilly
retyred
,
by
the
way
of
Hall
,
towards
the
Weser
;
passed
through
Hassin
,
conferred
with
the
Bishops
of
Wurtzburgh
,
Tilly
retyred
himself
into
Bavaria
.
and
Bamburgh
;
whom
he
upbraided
,
with
the
contempt
of
his
advice
,
which
was
,
that
they
should
open
their
purses
,
to
raise
a
new
Army
,
and
not
expect
,
till
he
were
oppressed
,
by
all
the
forces
of
Germany
together
.
This
done
,
he
departed
towards
his
Master
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
.
And
General
Aldrwiger
,
hearing
of
this
defeat
,
and
observing
small
desire
in
his
Army
,
to
make
head
against
the
Swedes
,
who
were
already
reported
to
be
invulnerable
,
by
vertue
of
certain
Spolls
,
or
Characters
;
was
forced
to
return
towards
Franconie
,
and
from
thence
,
also
into
Bavaria
.
The
King
,
having
received
the
Congratulations
of
his
victory
,
and
protesting
,
that
he
would
pursue
the
old
Corporall
(
so
called
her
old
Tilly
)
to
the
end
of
the
world
;
The
King
goes
goes
into
Franconie
.
prosecuted
his
point
towards
Franconie
,
took
Coninxhoff
,
and
Wurtzburgh
,
after
having
reduced
Halberstade
,
and
Erfurt
;
(
and
this
last
voluntarily
received
a
Garrison
from
him
,
though
it
had
flatly
refused
any
from
Tilly
)
and
from
thence
,
he
went
to
salute
the
River
Mayne
,
where
Francfurt
threw
open
her
Gates
,
and
Hannaw
yeelded
her self
to
him
,
This
done
,
he
divided
his
Army
,
sent
one
part
of
it
towards
the
Elbe
,
let
the
Duke
of
Saxony
recover
his
lost
places
,
And
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
in
Bohemia
.
and
afterwards
march
towards
Bohenia
,
with
General
Arnham
,
who
took
Prague
,
and
Eguer
.
A
little
before
this
glorious
victory
,
he
received
newes
,
that
his
Queen
was
arrived
at
Stetin
,
with
eight
thousand
men
,
which
were
come
out
of
England
,
under
the
conduct
of
Marquis
Hamilton
.
Oh
poor
Germany
?
What
miseries
,
and
mischiefes
are
thou
about
to
suffer
,
all
thy
Provinces
being
full
of
souldiers
?
Fortune
,
by
her
inconstancy
,
courting
now
the
one
side
,
and
then
the
other
,
will
destroy
thy
Townes
,
and
Villages
,
and
make
thy
great
Empyre
,
no
better
the
a
Church-yard
!
Thy
fine
Lands
will
become
vast
,
and
savage
,
there
being
no
body
left
to
culituate
them
!
Famin
will
cause
the
dead
to
be
unburied
;
Contagion
will
sweep
away
such
as
escape
the
hand
of
the
souldier
,
and
thy
fields
will
grow
white
with
bones
?
The
first
Post
,
which
arrived
at
Vienna
,
brought
newes
,
of
the
defeat
of
the
Saxons
;
the
second
,
that
of
Tilly
,
which
disturbed
the
joy
;
and
the
third
,
filled
the
whole
Court
with
sadnesse
,
and
made
it
think
of
a
way
how
to
repaire
this
great
losse
.
If
the
Affricans
,
being
puffed
up
with
so
many
victories
,
and
with
the
ruine
of
the
Romans
,
(
whereof
they
held
themselves
cock-sure
)
were
much
amazed
to
see
them
before
Carthage
;
so
,
to
say
the
truth
,
the
Bishops
,
and
the
Roman
Catholicks
,
were
not
a
whit
lesse
,
by
the
destruction
of
this
Army
,
A
terreur
amongst
the
Catholick
.
which
had
alwayes
been
victorious
,
and
by
means
whereof
,
after
the
gaining
of
one
Battail
,
they
hoped
to
see
the
Masse
,
and
the
Imperial
Authority
,
restored
,
throughout
all
Germany
.
A
flock
of
sheep
is
not
more
scattered
,
when
if
sees
it self
environed
by
Wolves
,
and
without
a
shepherd
;
then
were
the
Ecclesiasticks
by
this
accident
;
for
terrour
having
thrust
it self
in
amongst
them
,
they
betook
themselves
all
to
flight
;
The
flight
of
the
Reclesiasticks
.
some
,
to
the
other
side
of
the
Dannb
:
and
others
by
the
Rheyn
,
to
Colein
.
But
that
,
which
troubled
them
most
,
was
,
that
they
were
fain
to
forsake
their
money
,
which
they
might
better
have
employed
for
the
raising
of
an
Army
,
at
that
time
,
when
all
the
Lutherans
took
Arms.
In
fine
,
the
confusion
of
the
one
,
&
the
joy
of
the
other
,
was
so
great
,
that
it
could
not
be
expressed
,
and
the
money
of
the
Priests
served
for
a
bait
to
attack
them
.
Indeed
,
their
avarice
was
ever
blamed
,
and
the
great
Revenues
they
possessed
,
purchased
them
hatred
:
They
were
too
much
at
ease
,
it
was
necessary
to
unfatten
them
a
little
.
The
hope
of
plundering
upon
them
,
encouraged
an
infinite
multitude
to
bear
Arms
for
King
Gustave
;
who
never
let
them
be
quiet
,
but
kept
them
continually
in
action
,
thereby
to
disable
the
Emperour
from
recollecting
himself
.
Thus
luck
turned
,
and
Fortune
took
part
with
the
Swedes
,
whom
we
will
now
leave
,
in
the
honours
which
are
done
them
,
and
the
shouts
of
joy
,
which
the
Lutherans
make
,
for
this
glorious
victory
.
Now
,
the
King
seeing
himself
thus
adored
by
his
own
party
,
and
so
much
redoubted
by
his
enemies
,
coursed
them
every
where
;
imagining
that
from
thence
forward
,
he
should
easily
find
the
way
to
the
Universall
Monarchy
:
But
in
an
allyance
,
every
one
hath
his
design
apart
,
as
I
shall
more
amply
demonstrate
,
France
calls
me
now
back
thither
.
Ill
newes
ought
to
be
sooner
carried
to
a
Prince
then
good
,
that
so
a
more
speedy
and
prompt
temedy
may
be
found
for
disorders
.
CHAP.
XXII
The
Cardinall
watches
upon
the
Affaires
of
Germany
;
Abuses
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
.
Papenheim
retakes
Westphalia
;
succours
Magdeburgh
,
and
beats
the
Swedes
.
CArdinal
Richelieu
,
having
finished
the
Civill
War
of
the
Hughenots
,
as
also
that
of
Mantua
,
found
himself
almost
overwhelmed
,
by
the
plots
and
practises
of
such
,
as
liked
not
that
he
alone
should
have
the
mannagement
of
the
Affaires
in
his
hands
.
But
he
came
most
gallantly
off
,
by
sheltering
himself
under
his
Kings
favour
,
in
such
sort
,
as
that
the
said
Kings
only
Brother
,
was
fain
to
retyre
himself
from
the
Court
,
The
Duke
Ocleans
in
Lorrain
.
and
pass
through
Orleans
into
Burgundy
;
and
then
,
to
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
.
The
Queen-Mother
also
unable
to
ruine
him
,
whom
she
had
raised
so
high
,
and
to
undo
him
,
whom
she
had
made
so
powerfull
;
being
fled
from
Camplegne
(
where
she
was
,
as
it
were
,
guarded
)
retyred
her self
to
the
Infanta
at
Brussells
.
And
the
Queen-Mother
at
Brusselst
.
He
made
use
against
her
,
of
that
authority
,
which
she
had
procured
for
him
,
which
she
could
not
now
take
from
him
.
Ingratitude
amongst
private
persons
,
is
a
vice
;
in
businesse
of
State
,
but
a
necessity
;
and
so
all
is
pald
with
excuses
.
The
said
Cardinal
was
revoked
from
his
banishment
,
to
induce
her
(
upon
whose
minds
he
had
a
very
great
influence
)
to
a
peace
,
and
give
her
such
advice
,
as
was
most
usefull
to
the
King
,
and
most
dammageable
to
her self
;
and
which
served
him
for
rongs
or
steps
,
to
climbe
to
the
top
of
that
greatnesse
,
to
which
he
had
ascended
.
Thus
destroyed
he
her
,
who
laboured
to
elevate
him
,
and
who
trusted
wholly
in
him
,
and
made
him
,
in
fine
her
prime
,
and
principall
Minster
.
But
,
they
who
relate
this
proceeding
,
to
save
him
from
the
attack
of
ingratitude
,
alledge
forsooth
,
that
the
Kings
Cause
ought
to
prevail
,
and
that
it
is
by
no
means
necessary
to
observe
,
and
keep
a
Contract
,
which
is
made
against
the
Lawes
,
and
Rights
of
the
kingdom
.
But
,
there
was
peradventure
,
no
other
way
to
surmount
the
Eagle
,
then
to
thrust
himself
into
her
feathers
.
Whilest
the
Queen-Mother
,
and
Monsieur
de
Luynes
,
possessed
the
Kings
favour
,
the
fortune
of
the
whole
Court
depended
upon
them
two
;
but
he
having
lost
his
life
,
resigned
it
totally
to
Cardinal
Richelieu
only
,
who
most
absolutely
tetained
it
till
his
death
.
Kings
Gustaves
victory
wonderfully
rejoyced
,
all
the
Reformates
,
and
all
them
of
the
Cardinals
Cabal
;
however
the
zealous
Catholicks
were
afflicted
,
and
murmured
much
at
him
;
blaming
him
as
an
impious
man
,
and
a
favourer
of
Hereticks
,
but
he
was
an
immoveable
Rock
:
and
so
having
shaken
off
his
Benefactresse
,
and
her
faithfull
servants
,
he
bent
all
his
cares
to
the
direction
of
the
Affaires
i●
Germany
,
and
to
the
meanes
which
was
to
be
followed
,
to
arrive
to
a
point
of
so
much
difficulty
,
as
he
had
praemeditated
.
He
conducted
the
King
with
some
Forces
,
into
Lorraine
,
took
Vic
,
and
Moyenvic
;
procured
a
Cessation
of
Armes
for
fifteen
dayes
,
The
King
of
France
in
Lorrain
,
with
the
Cardinal
.
between
his
Master
and
the
Catholick
Electours
,
and
laboured
by
most
secret
wayes
,
to
induce
them
to
seek
his
Majesties
protection
;
wherein
he
succeeded
but
little
better
,
then
they
had
done
in
the
Embassie
,
which
they
sent
to
the
King
,
to
beseech
him
to
divert
the
Arms
of
Sweden
,
from
their
Terriories
,
and
from
the
Catholick
Countries
.
For
,
the
Electour
of
Trev●rs
oaly
,
sought
his
Sanctuary
,
in
the
Arms
of
Lewis
,
because
he
could
not
hope
for
it
,
in
those
of
Philip
;
and
yet
lesse
,
in
those
of
Ferdinand
.
Gustave
engry
at
the
protection
given
to
the
Electour
of
Tievirs
.
King
Gustave
,
unwilling
to
let
his
souldiers
coole
,
could
not
cadure
to
hear
Monsieur
de
Carnasse
the
French
Embassadour
,
who
beseeched
him
to
think
of
a
prolongation
of
the
Truce
,
for
a
moneth
,
to
whom
,
(
being
vexed
at
the
protection
given
to
the
Electour
of
Trevirs
,
and
clearly
perceiving
the
intention
of
France
)
he
very
cholerickly
said
,
that
be
can
not
to
dismember
the
Empyre
,
but
to
deliver
it
from
oppression
;
●●rather
,
to
retain
,
and
keep
it
entyre
:
and
that
,
if
his
Muster
angred
him
,
he
would
go
see
Paris
,
with
fifty
thousand
men
.
To
which
Carnasse
coldly
replyed
,
that
his
Master
would
free
him
from
that
trouble
,
by
meeting
him
more
then
halfe
way
,
with
the
like
Traine
.
But
these
little
stings
vanished
in
the
common
Cause
,
and
by
the
dexterity
of
the
Cardinal
,
who
judged
,
that
it
was
not
yet
time
,
to
come
to
that
;
and
that
it
was
needfull
to
dally
with
the
haughty
humour
of
this
Septemtrionall
Prince
,
so
to
weaken
,
and
attenuate
the
House
of
Austria
yet
more
,
by
his
Arms.
It
was
too
great
an
Oak
,
to
be
cut
down
at
one
blow
.
They
who
laboured
to
exasperate
them
,
did
but
loose
their
labour
:
for
,
they
had
to
do
with
Politicians
,
who
had
good
noses
,
and
who
would
be
sure
,
not
to
become
enemies
,
but
by
sharing
the
whole
Prey
.
The
Duke
of
Lorraine
layes
down
Arms
,
and
gives
three
Towns
to
the
King
.
The
Duke
of
Lorraine
had
raised
an
Army
of
twelve
thousand
men
,
to
succour
the
Emperour
,
and
was
already
advanced
as
far
as
the
Confines
of
Hassia
:
but
he
was
constrained
to
retyre
into
his
Dutchy
,
and
promise
the
King
of
France
,
who
was
at
Metz
,
not
to
meddle
with
the
Affairs
of
Germany
;
and
for
pledge
of
this
promise
,
to
put
three
Towns
into
his
hands
,
for
the
space
of
three
yeares
.
A
hard
condition
,
for
a
Soveraign
Prince
,
who
could
not
see
the
Emperours
ruine
,
but
with
his
own
.
But
he
was
forced
to
yeeld
,
to
a
more
potent
then
himself
,
for
a
time
;
for
there
grew
a
change
afterwards
.
If
the
Protestants
had
cause
to
complaine
of
the
insolencie
of
the
souldiers
;
the
Catholicks
had
also
their
turn
,
and
were
no
lesse
trodden
down
,
then
they
;
and
especially
the
Priests
,
Monks
,
and
Bithops
;
but
above
all
,
the
sIesuits
carried
,
the
pack
.
The
Landgrave
of
Hassia
,
attacks
the
Bishops
.
The
first
,
who
cast
himself
upon
them
,
was
William
,
Landgrave
of
Hassia
,
who
pillaged
the
Country
of
the
Abbot
of
Fulda
,
a
Prince
of
the
Empyre
:
from
whence
,
he
returned
into
Westphalia
,
and
to
the
Diocese
of
Colcin
,
uppon
which
he
cast
irreparable
dammages
.
But
Count
Papenheins
came
to
Colein
,
Papenheim
retaits
an
Army
.
to
put
a
remedy
to
these
mischiefes
;
nor
could
there
be
a
braver
man
then
he
found
out
to
do
it
,
if
it
were
within
humane
wit
,
to
invent
a
way
for
it
;
which
he
did
,
and
brought
it
to
so
good
an
issue
,
that
he
merited
thereby
,
to
be
styled
the
Captain
of
Captains
.
He
began
his
march
with
Lamboy
,
recollected
the
seatterings
of
the
old
souldiers
;
and
put
them
in
discipline
together
with
the
new
ones
.
Being
arrived
at
Hamelen
,
he
joyned
with
Groensfeldt
,
retook
many
places
without
the
losse
of
a
man
;
and
the
more
he
advanced
,
the
bigger
was
his
Army
;
so
great
power
hath
the
reputation
of
a
Generall
,
to
draw
forces
together
.
He
resolved
to
beat
Bannier
from
the
Siege
of
Magdeburgh
,
to
which
end
,
he
drew
to
himself
the
Garrison
which
was
gone
out
of
Wismar
,
and
with
this
small
Body
,
and
much
military
science
,
mingled
with
cunning
,
he
fell
upon
the
skirts
of
the
Swedes
,
when
they
thought
him
yet
farre
enough
from
them
;
so
that
they
retyred
with
confusion
;
Beats
Bannier
.
and
hee
charging
them
in
the
Reere
,
put
them
into
great
disorder
,
and
entred
the
Town
,
Drawes
out
the
Garrison
of
Magdeburgh
.
and
judging
it
not
tenible
,
blew
up
the
Rampars
,
and
the
Church
,
and
drew
out
the
Garrison
,
to
the
number
of
foure
thousand
,
to
do
better
service
elsewhere
:
He
continued
his
victory
,
drew
contribution
from
such
Towns
,
as
into
which
he
would
put
no
Garrisons
,
because
he
would
not
diminish
his
Army
,
ruined
the
Landgrave
of
Hass●●s
Leavies
,
and
beat
Bannier
,
who
came
to
succour
him
.
In
a
word
,
Beats
Bannier
again
as
also
the
Landgrave
,
the
Duke
of
Brunswick
,
and
General
jot
.
all
gave
way
,
all
stooped
.
He
charged
the
Duke
of
Brunswick
in
the
Field
,
with
so
much
fury
,
that
he
had
much
a
doe
,
to
save
himself
,
with
one
only
Regiment
of
Horse
.
He
afflicted
the
Bishoprick
of
Bremen
,
as
well
as
the
Dutchy
of
Branswick
;
and
hearing
,
that
Generall
Jot
had
besieged
Staden
,
he
went
,
and
chased
him
thence
,
with
the
losse
of
above
fifteen
hundred
men
;
The
exploit
ef
the
Westphana
.
drew
out
the
Garrison
,
and
found
himself
,
in
a
short
time
,
at
the
head
of
a
brave
Army
,
and
crowned
with
many
victories
:
He
repassed
into
Westphana
,
which
he
restored
to
the
Emperours
obedience
,
and
came
,
in
a
word
,
very
near
King
Gustave
,
by
the
number
of
his
great
exploits
.
Let
us
now
look
back
upon
the
United
Provinces
,
where
we
shall
see
Bone-fires
:
but
we
must
know
for
what
?
CHAP.
XXIII
.
The
taking
of
the
Fleet
of
Shallops
,
near
Berghen
op
Zoom
:
Wallenstein
takes
the
Generalat
,
with
conditions
of
to●
much
advantage
.
An
Earth-quake
,
at
Naples
:
the
Mountain
of
Soma
vomited
fire
.
THe
Hollanders
,
amazed
at
the
admirable
progresse
of
the
King
of
Sweden
,
conceived
,
that
it
would
be
for
the
interest
of
all
the
Allyes
,
as
well
as
their
own
,
for
them
to
assayle
their
enemies
.
They
were
Masters
by
Sea
,
without
controversie
:
And
after
the
taking
of
the
Money-Fleet
,
they
seazed
upon
the
Bay
,
and
Town
of
Todos
los
Santos
,
or
All-Saints
;
where
the
booty
they
got
,
was
great
enough
,
to
excise
their
desire
,
to
seek
more
.
But
the
King
of
Spain
taking
it
from
them
again
,
obliged
them
to
go
and
attack
the
Town
of
Olinda
,
in
Pharnambus
,
which
deligne
issued
well
,
and
all
the
Country
there
about
followed
quickly
after
,
without
much
resistance
.
In
such
sort
,
as
that
the
two
Branches
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
tryed
,
almost
by
turns
,
the
cruel
effects
,
of
that
inconstant
Goddesse
;
however
she
have
not
strength
enough
,
to
make
them
loose
their
courage
,
they
having
means
sufficient
to
maintain
,
and
uphold
themselves
.
Now
,
the
Spaniards
were
afflicted
with
so
many
losses
both
by
Sea
,
and
Land
;
that
they
resolved
to
endeavour
some
revenge
.
They
secretly
prepared
a
Fleet
of
Shalops
,
and
vanted
of
great
secrets
;
yea
,
that
there
was
a
certain
Priest
,
who
would
make
souldiers
go
under
the
water
,
and
fly
in
the
ayre
,
&c.
The
Hollanders
were
allarmed
at
this
;
and
Prince
Henry
incamped
himself
in
the
Isse
of
Tertollen
,
to
watch
the
designes
of
the
Enemy
.
The
Fleet
hoysed
Sayle
,
passed
through
the
mouth
of
Safting
,
The
Fleet
of
Shallops
taken
the
thirteenth
of
September
1651.
and
turned
round
about
the
Island
:
but
for
want
of
good
Pilots
to
observe
the
Tyde
,
and
staying
for
some
Shalops
,
which
were
aground
in
the
sands
;
they
lost
the
time
,
and
gave
it
to
the
Hollanders
to
attack
them
,
and
take
them
,
as
it
were
,
in
a
field
of
corn
;
and
that
,
without
so
much
as
fighting
:
for
they
all
rendred
themselves
up
to
the
mercy
of
their
Enemies
,
and
their
Cavalry
,
which
was
come
to
the
bank
to
help
them
,
was
fain
to
return
,
as
it
came
.
There
were
more
then
four
thousand
prisoners
,
who
were
all
pillaged
,
and
then
put
to
ransom
,
by
a
singtilar
favour
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
;
for
they
were
taken
,
because
they
could
not
fly
,
not
walk
under
water
,
and
in
a
place
where
there
was
no
quarter
to
be
given
.
The
truth
of
their
design
was
never
yet
known
:
some
thought
,
it
was
upon
Willeinstadt
;
others
,
to
make
Fortresses
,
and
separate
Holland
from
Zeland
.
This
great
victory
happened
the
thirteenth
of
September
1631
,
and
that
of
the
King
of
Sweden
,
four
dayes
after
.
An
Earthquake
at
Naples
.
About
two
moneths
after
,
there
chanced
a
terrible
Earthquake
at
Naples
,
and
the
Mountain
of
Soma
,
after
many
horrible
bellowings
,
vomited
out
burning
streams
of
fire
,
which
tumbled
into
the
Adriatick
Sea
,
and
cast
out
a
huge
deale
of
ashes
.
The
Hill
of
Soma
.
This
was
renewed
the
year
following
,
in
the
mo●eth
of
February
,
with
so
great
hurt
,
and
losse
,
to
the
circumjacent
places
,
is
well
in
houses
,
men
,
women
,
children
,
and
cattell
,
that
it
cannot
be
expressed
,
nor
comprehended
.
Those
three
aforesaid
losses
astonished
the
House
of
Austria
,
which
,
to
put
a
powerfull
stop
to
the
impetuous
torrent
of
the
victories
of
King
Gustave
,
her
most
dangerous
Enemy
,
who
was
inseparably
accompanied
both
by
Fortune
,
and
Favour
,
cast
her
eyes
upon
the
Duke
of
Frithland
,
a
most
happy
,
and
most
experimented
Captain
,
who
,
in
the
affront
of
having
been
deprived
of
his
charge
,
received
an
incomparable
contentment
from
Count
Tilly's
misfortunes
:
And
so
Embassadours
were
dispatched
to
mitigate
him
,
Wallensiein
retakes
the
Generalship
.
and
offer
him
the
Generalship
again
,
and
with
most
ample
Commissions
,
and
a
huge
summe
of
money
.
He
suffered
himself
to
be
much
intreated
,
and
courted
;
covering
his
ambition
,
or
rather
his
vengeance
,
with
a
thousand
dissimulations
.
But
at
last
,
under
conditions
,
which
divided
the
Soveraign
authority
,
he
was
brought
to
accept
it
,
and
forth
with
gave
Pattents
,
for
the
raising
of
sixty
thousand
men
;
and
so
there
was
an
Army
of
forty
thousand
on
foot
,
as
it
were
,
in
the
twinkling
of
an
eye
,
as
if
with
striking
his
foot
against
the
ground
,
he
had
raised
souldiers
;
and
he
Generalissimo
,
or
Chief
Genorall
,
of
all
the
Emperours
Armies
,
and
Arbitratour
of
Peace
and
Warre
.
It
often
happens
,
that
when
we
endeavour
to
shuune
one
kind
of
Rocks
,
or
Sand-banks
,
we
hit
against
another
.
Necessity
seemed
to
command
this
extremity
,
and
to
remit
the
course
of
affaires
,
to
the
Divine
Providence
:
He
did
both
good
,
and
evill
,
and
received
at
length
the
Crown
of
his
works
.
CHAP.
XXIIII
.
George
Landgrave
of
Darmstadt
obtains
newtrality
,
and
why
?
Horne
beaten
by
Tilly
,
The
King
makes
his
entry
at
Nuremberge
,
and
Tilly
retires
.
The
King
takes
Donawerdt
passes
the
Leck
;
makes
Tillyes
forces
retreat
with
confusion
.
Tillyes
death
,
his
Elogies
.
The
Siedge
of
Ingolstadt
.
The
taking
of
Ratisbone
.
Divers
instructions
,
of
the
Embassadours
of
France
.
The
Eagle
in
danger
;
succoured
by
whom
?
THe
rejoycing
which
was
caused
by
the
Kings
victory
before
Leipsick
,
in
the
Vnited
Provinces
,
to
see
themselves
freed
from
great
apprehension
,
was
very
much
;
whereas
,
the
other
,
as
also
all
the
subjects
of
the
Crown
of
Spaine
,
expressed
no
lesse
sadnesse
,
and
cryed
aloude
,
that
it
was
high
time
to
arme
,
and
stop
the
progresse
of
these
Goths
,
least
both
the
Empire
,
and
all
Europ
,
should
come
to
be
destroyed
by
them
.
Between
this
joy
,
and
fear
of
the
people
,
King
Gustave
played
not
truant
,
King
Guestave
posses
the
Rheyn
.
but
having
made
his
entry
into
Francfurt
,
like
a
great
Conquerour
,
he
receaved
the
Embassadours
,
and
Congratulations
of
his
Friends
.
His
Armes
had
droven
his
enemyes
over
the
Rheyn
;
and
therefore
,
he
resolved
also
to
passe
it
,
and
the
Spaniards
,
who
came
to
relieve
the
Electour
of
Mentz
,
endeavoured
to
hinder
him
;
but
they
were
not
able
to
resist
his
happinesse
,
and
so
they
gave
way
to
force
,
though
not
to
industrie
.
He
took
Wormes
,
Spiers
,
and
Oppengeim
;
only
Mentz
,
and
Creutznach
,
made
a
shew
of
defence
;
but
were
quickly
compelled
to
follow
the
other
;
and
the
Spaniards
,
either
to
repasse
the
Mosell
,
or
to
be
shut
up
in
Frankendal
.
The
King
,
having
visited
the
Seate
of
the
mouth
of
the
Mayne
,
resolved
to
build
a
strong
Town
,
Gustave
,
burgh
.
under
his
own
name
,
opposite
to
Mentz
,
below
Francfurt
;
and
so
he
set
men
on
worke
about
it
,
and
many
great
Lords
built
faire
houses
there
,
but
both
this
Town
,
and
the
Victories
of
this
great
Prince
,
vanished
away
a
few
years
after
,
as
we
shall
shortly
shew
.
Amongst
all
the
Princes
of
the
confession
of
Auxburgh
,
The
Landgrave
of
Darmstedt
obtaines
new
trality
.
there
was
none
but
George
Landgrave
of
Darstadt
,
who
kept
newtrality
,
and
fidelity
to
the
Emperour
.
He
sent
to
demand
it
also
of
the
King
,
by
his
Embassadours
,
whom
he
answered
,
that
he
wondered
,
that
he
came
not
himself
in
Person
,
since
he
was
so
neer
.
Whereupon
,
the
Prince
assembled
the
principal
Ministers
of
his
Countrey
,
and
proposed
to
them
,
the
Oath
,
which
he
had
made
to
his
Father
,
never
to
bear
Arms
,
against
the
Emperour
,
unlesse
he
forced
him
in
his
Law
,
or
Religion
,
and
made
war
upon
him
,
and
asked
them
,
whether
in
this
conjuncture
,
it
were
lawfull
for
him
to
break
it
,
without
any
wrong
done
him
by
the
said
Emperour
,
or
any
dammage
at
all
brought
upon
him
,
by
his
Souldiers
?
They
all
held
the
Negative
:
and
with
this
sentence
,
he
went
to
the
King
at
Francfurt
,
and
so
handsomly
represented
his
reasons
to
him
,
that
he
obtained
what
he
asked
.
Whilest
Gustave
was
in
doubt
,
whether
he
should
go
down
the
Rheyn
,
(
where
all
was
full
of
fear
,
and
trembling
)
to
seaze
upon
Colein
,
he
receaved
newes
,
that
Tilly
had
beaten
Horne
in
Bambergh
,
defeated
foure
thousand
of
his
men
,
took
twenty
Pieces
of
Canon
,
a
multitude
of
Coulers
,
Horne
beaten
by
Til'y
.
and
made
a
shew
,
to
attack
Nuremberge
.
This
was
the
last
favour
Fortune
did
this
Darling
of
hers
,
whom
she
abandoned
,
to
court
another
.
Whereupon
he
instantly
marched
wich
all
diligence
;
and
Tilly
,
not
knowing
what
to
doe
,
was
constrained
to
retyre
speedily
,
by
a
strong
accident
;
which
was
,
that
his
powder
took
fire
,
did
a
great
deal
of
hurt
amonst
the
Baggage-Waggons
,
and
drew
this
complaint
,
out
of
the
mouth
of
this
old
Souldier
;
Let
us
retyre
(
said
hee
)
For
it
is
high
time
,
since
fortune
turns
her
back
to
us
.
Indeed
,
he
had
reason
:
for
she
was
preparing
him
a
bed
of
honour
,
Who
repasses
the
Danub
.
upon
which
he
was
quickly
to
repose
.
He
was
followed
by
the
King
,
who
entred
Nurembergh
in
Triumph
,
and
that
illustrious
Senate
presented
him
with
a
Goulden
Globe
,
as
a
Symbol
of
the
Monarchie
,
which
they
prognosticated
for
him
.
But
he
foresaw
not
the
misfortune
,
which
he
was
to
suffer
that
Summer
:
For
,
being
accompanyed
by
King
Frederick
,
who
came
from
the
Haghe
,
in
the
middle
of
Winter
,
to
see
his
Countrey
,
and
his
Deliverer
,
and
after
compelments
falling
to
treat
of
businesse
,
the
conditions
displeased
him
,
and
changed
the
love
which
the
Princes
bore
him
,
into
diffidence
;
which
was
so
much
the
greater
;
by
how
much
the
lesse
they
durst
shew
it
.
Oh!
the
inconstance
,
of
things
in
this
world
?
Oh
I
how
subject
is
all
to
change
?
Is
refulsed
.
He
took
Donawerdt
,
and
passed
the
River
Look
,
in
despight
of
poor
Tillyes
resistance
;
who
,
though
crazed
with
age
,
left
not
yet
,
to
encourage
his
Souldiers
,
His
death
.
till
he
was
mortally
wounded
;
and
then
they
retyred
a
gallop
,
(
though
with
an
orderly
retreat
enough
,
)
to
Ingolstadt
,
where
this
famous
Captain
dyed
of
his
wounds
.
His
elogies
.
He
was
by
birth
,
a
Walloon
,
and
a
Gentleman
:
He
had
alwayes
been
happy
,
til
the
last
year
,
when
he
tryed
the
effects
,
of
the
inconstancie
of
fortune
:
He
was
one
of
the
most
Valliant
,
and
Prosperous
Warryers
,
that
ever
bore
Arms.
He
dyed
on
a
bed
of
honour
,
for
the
defence
of
the
Church
,
and
his
Prince
.
Honours
to
Gustave
,
at
Auxburgh
.
Rain
,
and
Newburgh
were
yeelded
to
King
Gustave
;
and
the
Citizens
of
Auxburgh
,
opened
their
gates
,
singing
his
praises
,
and
exhibiting
all
the
honours
,
and
testimonies
of
amitie
,
that
could
be
given
,
to
any
mortall
man
;
Yea
,
I
know
,
there
were
some
,
who
wore
his
Medall
,
with
as
much
love
,
and
reverence
,
as
the
Roman-Catholicks
doe
their
Relicks
,
or
Agnus
Dei
.
They
took
the
oath
of
Fidelity
to
him
,
as
to
their
lawful
Lord
,
and
consented
to
the
destroying
down
of
the
faire
Gardens
about
the
Town
,
to
begin
the
fortifications
.
This
done
,
he
turned
towards
Swaveland
,
where
the
Lutherans
,
who
make
the
biggest
party
in
that
Province
,
The
exploits
of
the
Swedes
in
Sware
.
rendered
themselves
to
him
,
and
received
Garrisons
from
him
:
nor
was
there
scarce
any
but
Lindow
,
a
Town
situated
upon
the
Lesk
,
which
remained
constant
.
Italy
was
allarmed
,
by
the
report
of
so
great
prosperitie
;
and
Feria
,
the
Governour
of
Milan
,
made
an
Army
,
to
defend
the
entry
.
Some
trembled
;
and
others
,
who
desired
change
of
State
,
and
Money
,
rejoyced
.
But
the
mischief
went
no
further
;
the
Italians
had
but
the
feare
;
for
their
punishment
was
able
enough
to
fall
upon
them
,
without
expecting
it
from
the
hand
of
strangers
.
The
Siege
of
of
Ingolstadt
.
Ratisbone
taken
by
the
Bavarians
.
The
King
,
having
brought
so
many
faire
Towns
in
Swaveland
under
his
Laws
,
whilest
the
Saxons
afflicted
Bohemia
,
and
Papenheim
domineered
in
Brunswick
;
returned
to
the
Siege
of
Ingolstadt
(
a
fatal
Town
to
the
Protestants
)
full
of
spight
,
to
hear
,
that
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
had
craftily
seized
upon
Ratisbone
,
an
Imperial
Town
,
which
he
fortifyed
,
as
being
wholly
his
own
;
and
upon
which
depended
the
ruine
of
that
,
which
he
went
to
besiege
in
vaine
.
The
Letters
,
which
had
been
written
by
the
Inhabitants
of
the
said
town
being
intercepted
,
gave
the
Bavarians
opportunity
to
enter
,
at
a
Gate
which
was
opened
them
,
as
thinking
them
to
be
Swedes
.
The
traitours
went
to
pot
,
the
town
was
saved
from
pilladge
,
and
the
Inhabitants
condemned
to
a
forfeit
of
Money
,
and
to
work
about
the
fortifications
.
They
had
forgotten
gotten
their
Oath
to
the
Emperour
,
and
the
Empire
;
and
novelty
,
and
the
triumph
of
the
Swedish
Armies
,
had
dazled
the
eyes
of
the
Protestants
,
who
like
Israel
,
sung
their
deliverance
.
Ingolstadt
in
the
mean
while
saw
the
principal
forces
of
the
Protestants
,
before
her
Walls
;
and
if
she
yeilded
,
farewel
Bavaria
:
But
the
King
found
work
here
;
and
this
;
was
the
first
town
,
which
taught
this
great
Conquerour
,
that
he
was
to
have
bounds
to
his
Victories
;
besides
,
that
he
was
very
likely
to
loose
his
life
,
by
a
Cannon
Bullet
.
The
Elector
feeling
himselfe
so
roughly
attacked
,
by
an
enemy
whom
he
had
never
offended
(
unlesse
Princes
take
the
occasion
to
hurt
,
for
an
offence
)
sent
the
French
Resident
,
Monsieur
de
Sainct
Estienne
,
to
the
King
,
to
remonstrate
to
him
,
that
in
regard
he
was
so
deeply
ingaged
in
the
Allyance
with
the
King
of
France
,
he
could
not
be
assailed
by
him
,
A
notable
observation
.
without
making
himselfe
his
enemy
.
The
Resident
spake
confidently
with
him
,
and
endeavoured
to
divert
him
some
other
way
:
but
the
King
interrupted
him
,
and
said
;
I
know
your
Masters
intentions
,
better
then
you
do
;
and
for
the
rest
,
I
pardon
your
French
liberty
;
for
,
you
are
not
sent
to
me
,
in
the
quality
of
an
Embassadour
.
But
the
President
followed
his
instructions
,
and
Monsieur
de
Carnasse
his
;
in
such
sort
,
as
that
these
two
,
being
both
Officers
of
the
same
Master
,
fell
to
difference
,
and
were
very
like
also
,
to
come
to
blowes
.
This
was
not
the
first
prank
of
activity
,
which
the
Cardinal
played
in
Germany
;
though
it
were
well
observed
by
the
Elector
,
and
would
have
been
taken
for
couzenage
,
in
another
Age
;
but
in
this
,
for
politick
craft
.
Howsoever
,
he
made
his
profit
of
it
;
stood
fast
with
the
Emperour
;
and
so
neately
,
and
dexterously
retorted
the
ball
upon
the
French
,
that
the
Cardinal
himselfe
was
faine
to
avow
,
that
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
was
the
most
cautious
,
and
subtile
Prince
in
Germany
.
When
we
have
to
do
with
Cheaters
,
we
must
take
heed
of
all
things
,
and
give
them
like
for
like
,
if
we
can
.
Indeed
,
when
jealousie
,
and
mistrust
hath
once
taken
root
,
in
the
hearts
of
the
Germans
,
there
is
no
means
to
pluck
it
out
.
The
designes
of
the
Confederats
.
The
Confoederated
Strangers
,
were
almost
all
resolved
to
make
a
Capiratado
,
or
Minct-meat
,
of
the
Imperial
Eagle
;
but
they
could
not
agree
,
about
the
sawee
;
for
King
Gustave
would
have
it
sower
,
and
intended
to
eat
it
himselfe
alone
,
as
the
Lion
did
the
Stag
,
which
he
had
taken
,
in
the
company
of
the
Wolfe
,
and
the
Asse
:
The
King
of
France
would
have
it
sweer
,
and
praetended
to
both
the
wings
at
the
least
.
The
King
of
England
would
have
a
share
to
his
Brother
in
Law
.
The
vnited
Provinces
desired
not
her
death
;
but
onely
to
cut
off
her
Tallants
,
that
so
she
might
not
scratch
.
The
Venetians
were
of
the
same
opinion
with
the
Protestants
,
who
would
onely
make
her
change
her
nest
,
and
render
her
so
tame
,
and
gentle
,
Differences
.
that
she
might
be
no
more
so
fierce
,
nor
able
to
beck
them
.
Every
body
endeavoured
to
hurt
her
,
and
turmoile
her
;
every
one
laid
gins
to
catch
her
:
But
,
when
the
Princes
saw
,
the
King
Gustave
tormented
her
too
much
,
and
handled
her
after
such
a-fashion
,
as
they
liked
not
;
and
that
the
French
began
to
pluck
off
her
feathers
;
they
apprehended
both
her
ruine
,
and
their
own
too
.
She
was
not
succoured
by
the
Polanders
,
because
thy
were
most
exact
observers
of
the
Truce
,
between
themselves
and
the
Swedes
.
She
got
but
very
small
aide
from
Italy
;
for
the
Pope
himselfe
,
preferring
the
odour
of
the
Flower
de
luce
,
before
all
other
considerations
;
seemed
not
to
care
for
the
dangers
,
to
which
she
was
exposed
,
together
with
the
Church
,
whereof
he
possessed
the
supreme
Dignity
.
And
yet
for
all
this
,
she
defended
her selfe
with
great
resolution
,
being
succoured
by
the
Spaniards
,
and
the
Obedient
Provinces
;
as
also
by
the
City
of
Colein
,
which
was
escaped
out
of
a
most
evident
danger
.
The
Eagle
defended
,
and
by
whom
.
The
Catholick
Electors
shewed
themselves
willing
to
die
with
her
;
and
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
made
no
difficulty
,
to
loose
his
States
,
and
hazard
his
life
,
for
her
safety
,
and
preservation
.
But
,
the
Elector
of
Trevers
despairing
of
her
health
,
and
endeavouring
to
save
his
own
States
from
shipwrack
;
and
charmed
besides
,
by
the
eloquence
of
that
great
Cardinal
;
cast
himself
into
the
armes
of
France
,
as
we
shall
hereafter
finde
;
though
yet
,
he
could
not
escape
the
misfortune
,
which
was
prepared
,
both
for
his
Arch-Bishoprick
and
himselfe
.
But
let
us
return
into
Brabant
,
to
the
Siege
of
Mastricht
.
CHAP.
XXV
.
Count
Henry
of
Bergues
disgusted
with
the
Kings
service
,
goes
secretly
to
the
Haghe
.
The
Siege
of
Mastricht
.
Papenheim
repulsed
,
returns
into
Germany
.
Limburgh
followes
Mastricht
;
and
the
Deputies
the
Prince
,
to
the
Hague
.
The
death
of
three
Kings
,
THis
year
was
memorable
,
for
the
death
of
three
kings
.
Sigismund
of
Poland
,
who
very
piously
departed
the
29th
of
April
.
The
King
of
Sweden
,
who
lost
his
life
upon
the
bed
of
honour
;
and
King
Frederick
,
who
rendred
his
by
sicknesse
,
at
Mentz
.
The
last
year
,
the
Hollanders
triumphed
by
water
;
and
they
did
it
this
,
by
land
,
as
we
shall
see
.
The
Spaniards
had
sent
the
best
part
of
their
forces
,
to
the
Palatinat
,
and
left
the
Low-Countries
,
without
men
,
mony
,
and
counsel
,
and
in
great
terrour
,
for
so
many
losses
.
Count
Henry
of
Bergues
,
disgusted
,
by
some
pretended
affronts
,
with
the
service
of
his
Prince
,
whose
Armies
he
commanded
,
and
by
whom
he
could
not
be
made
greater
then
he
was
;
seeing
the
huge
progresse
of
the
King
of
Sweden
,
and
the
occasion
most
opportune
,
to
beate
out
the
Spaniards
;
went
to
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
at
the
Haghe
,
with
whom
,
together
with
Monsieur
de
la
Tilillerie
,
the
French
Embassadour
there
,
he
had
a
very
secret
Conference
;
Count
Henry
of
Bergues
goes
to
the
Haghe
.
the
effects
whereof
appeared
the
first
Field
:
and
the
Prince
being
at
the
head
of
his
Army
,
marched
the
tenth
of
June
,
from
Grave
,
up
the
Moze
,
presented
himselfe
before
Venlo
(
from
whence
the
said
Count
was
already
departed
the
same
day
)
and
summoned
it
to
render
,
Venlo
and
Ruremund
,
yeild
.
The
end
of
the
War
.
upon
such
conditions
,
as
he
sent
it
,
in
Blanke
.
There
was
a
report
published
,
that
this
Feild
would
produce
an
end
of
the
War
,
and
of
the
Spanish
Government
(
which
was
the
onely
thing
aimed
at
)
with
the
safety
of
the
Catholick
Religion
,
and
the
Infanta's
authority
,
and
person
,
The
bird
cannot
chuse
but
be
taken
,
if
she
hearken
to
the
fowler
.
Venlo
was
forthwith
yeilded
;
none
going
out
of
the
Town
,
but
the
Garrison
;
for
the
Priests
,
and
Monks
remained
:
and
the
Reformats
were
content
with
one
Church
.
Count
Ernest
of
Nasseaw
went
,
with
a
part
of
the
Army
before
Ruremund
,
which
defended
it selfe
;
but
through
despaire
of
succour
,
yeilded
at
last
,
upon
the
same
conditions
that
Venlo
had
done
;
and
a
shot
of
a
Harkebuse
,
Ernest
of
Nassaw
killed
:
or
Gun
(
which
was
the
last
that
was
shot
from
the
Town
,
)
stopped
the
course
of
the
said
Counts
life
,
retarded
the
designe
for
some
hours
;
and
gave
Count
John
of
Nasseaw
meanes
,
to
put
two
and
twenty
Coulours
into
Mastricht
.
This
recrute
brake
the
neck
,
of
all
great
designes
,
purchased
the
Count
of
Bergues
,
Savo●sr
into
Mastricht
.
and
them
of
his
Cabal
,
much
disreputation
,
and
blame
:
put
the
Hollanders
in
danger
;
and
preserved
the
succession
,
for
Philip
the
fourth
King
of
Spaine
,
how
bitterly
soever
it
have
been
disputed
since
.
The
Infanta
,
being
fully
informed
of
the
said
.
Count
Henry's
intentions
,
whom
she
had
alwayes
loved
,
and
supported
,
against
all
such
,
as
envyed
him
;
was
at
length
induced
to
permit
,
that
an
Order
might
be
sent
to
the
Governour
of
Guelders
,
to
seize
upon
his
person
,
and
bring
him
with
a
good
Guard
to
Brussels
,
since
he
had
refused
to
come
,
of
his
one
accord
.
But
he
,
having
smelt
the
designe
,
retired
himselfe
forthwith
to
Liedge
;
The
Count
of
Bergues
goes
to
Liedge
.
where
he
laboured
to
draw
the
Kings
Army
to
him
,
by
promising
them
an
end
of
the
War
;
but
none
would
follow
him
;
even
they
who
had
accompanied
him
thither
,
forsooke
him
:
for
the
Souldiers
desire
not
an
end
of
War
;
because
they
have
no
other
Trade
to
live
.
The
Count
of
Warfuze
,
And
the
Count
of
Warfuze
.
who
was
of
the
Plot
,
got
also
thither
;
but
the
Duke
of
Arschot
,
who
was
suspected
for
it
,
stirred
not
at
all
,
but
remained
firme
in
his
duty
.
As
soone
as
the
Holland
Cavalrie
appeared
before
Mastricht
,
Count
John
marched
out
with
his
;
in
such
sort
,
as
that
the
Prince
,
not
being
able
to
winne
the
Town
with
faire
words
,
Mistricht
besieged
.
as
he
had
done
the
other
,
was
constrained
to
change
his
note
,
and
keep
measure
with
the
Canon
:
So
that
he
intrenched
himselfe
before
it
,
and
gave
the
Spaniards
leasure
,
to
put
an
Army
into
the
Feild
;
who
sent
for
their
forces
out
of
the
Palatinat
,
which
beat
the
French
,
who
endeavoured
to
hinder
their
passage
,
and
joyned
in
a
Body
,
under
the
conduct
of
the
Marquis
de
Santa
Crux
;
The
Spaniards
come
from
the
Palatinat
.
though
so
late
,
as
that
it
was
impossible
for
them
,
to
drive
away
their
Enemies
.
Papenheim
being
sent
for
,
came
with
all
possible
speed
;
and
though
he
found
the
Prince
so
extreamly
well
intrenched
,
yet
would
he
not
return
,
before
he
had
tried
,
And
Papenheim
from
Wostphalia
.
is
repulsed
.
whether
the
Hollanders
could
well
withstand
the
assault
of
the
Germans
;
wherefore
he
fell
upon
them
at
high-noon
,
with
so
desperate
a
resolution
,
that
he
made
himselfe
feared
;
and
had
the
Spaniards
done
their
duty
,
as
well
as
the
Germans
,
it
was
very
likely
,
that
the
Hollanders
would
have
runne
hazard
to
be
worsted
:
but
he
retired
with
notable
losse
;
left
a
noble
testimony
of
his
bravery
;
and
returned
into
Germany
with
a
generous
displeasure
,
for
having
undertaken
such
a
hard
task
,
Returns
into
Germany
,
and
the
Spaniards
into
Brabant
.
without
being
seconded
.
The
Spaniards
marched
towards
Brabant
,
not
without
murmuring
against
their
General
,
whom
they
accused
,
to
have
played
away
their
money
;
and
one
part
of
the
States
Army
,
towards
Limburgh
,
which
was
surrendred
up
to
them
,
upon
the
same
conditions
that
Mastricht
was
.
The
Baron
of
Lede
,
Commander
of
this
Town
,
acquired
great
reputation
,
and
was
as
highly
praised
by
the
brave
,
and
amiable
Prince
Henry
of
Orange
,
as
he
was
honourably
recompenced
by
the
King
his
Master
.
Never
was
the
aforesaid
Prince
in
greater
danger
;
and
if
the
people
of
Liedge
had
forsaken
his
friendship
,
he
had
been
in
a
poor
condition
,
for
want
of
Victuals
.
Let
us
finish
this
Field
.
The
States
General
,
and
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
invited
the
Obedient
Provinces
,
to
a
Treaty
of
Peace
;
and
these
resolving
to
heare
their
Propositions
,
by
the
Infanta's
advise
,
the
Duke
of
Arscot
,
And
the
Prince
to
the
Haghe
,
with
the
Deputies
for
the
Peace
.
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Mecklin
,
the
Abbot
of
St.
Vast
,
and
some
other
Syndicks
,
or
Agents
,
went
to
the
Haghe
,
where
the
Prince
was
received
by
all
,
with
a
multitude
of
praises
,
and
benedictions
;
and
where
we
will
leave
them
in
a
Businesse
,
whereof
they
will
finde
no
end
,
and
go
see
the
King
of
Sweden
march
out
of
Bavaria
,
to
save
Naremburgh
.
But
let
us
first
look
,
in
what
equipage
General
Wallenstein
is
.
CHAP.
XXVI
.
Wallestein
beats
the
Saxons
out
of
Bohemia
;
and
drawes
towards
Nuremburgh
.
The
Tragedy
,
which
haphed
at
Rostock
.
Gallasso
,
and
Holck
,
in
Misnia
.
The
King
goes
out
of
Bavaria
,
and
incamps
himselfe
before
the
said
Town
:
he
sends
for
all
his
Forces
.
The
successe
of
Papenheim
.
ALl
the
World
admired
Wallenstein
in
his
prosperity
;
many
lamented
him
,
in
his
disgrace
;
and
every
body
wondered
,
to
see
him
now
,
at
head
of
so
puislant
an
Army
,
with
so
much
glory
and
Majesty
.
The
first
dart
he
shot
,
was
against
the
Elector
of
Saxony
(
and
it
was
a
Proposition
of
Peace
)
the
point
whereof
not
being
yet
well
sharpned
,
was
quickly
unrusted
,
and
cleansed
afterwards
.
Waller
stein
beats
the
Sayons
out
of
Bohemis
The
second
he
shot
,
had
so
much
vigour
,
that
he
dislodged
the
said
Electors
Troops
out
of
Prague
,
and
all
Bohemia
,
and
made
them
returne
into
Misnia
,
leaving
Gallasso
behinde
them
,
with
some
forces
.
But
he
was
not
troubled
at
all
,
to
see
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
chastised
by
the
Swedes
,
nor
did
he
hasten
to
beat
them
out
of
his
Country
;
in
respect
of
the
hatred
he
bore
him
,
for
his
having
disposed
the
Emperour
,
by
the
advice
of
Cardinal
Richelien
,
to
deprive
him
of
the
Generalship
.
In
fine
,
after
having
been
often
beseeched
to
come
,
he
moved
at
lengh
,
towards
the
upper
Palatinat
,
He
joynes
with
the
Bavarians
.
complimented
the
said
Duke
,
and
joyned
with
him
.
Gustave
Horne
was
not
idle
in
Alsatia
,
and
by
the
assistance
of
the
Magistrates
of
Strasburgh
(
for
so
many
Imperial
Towns
,
so
many
little
Armies
for
the
Swedes
)
he
besieged
the
Fort
of
Benefeldt
,
which
by
the
slacknesse
of
the
Governour
,
Horne
takes
Benefeldt
.
he
quickly
took
;
and
so
,
by
breaking
the
Irons
,
wherewith
the
Towns
seemed
to
be
bound
,
the
Swedes
forged
other
,
to
stop
them
.
He
took
many
Towns
,
and
would
have
made
greater
progresse
,
had
he
not
been
called
by
his
King
,
to
succour
him
neer
Nuremburgh
.
The
Dukes
of
Meckelemburgh
were
also
still
in
action
,
and
had
so
cleansed
their
Dutchy
from
the
Imperial
Garrisons
,
Stirrs
at
Rostock
,
and
why
?
who
were
not
expected
to
be
ever
seen
again
in
those
parts
.
But
there
chanced
a
Tragedy
at
Rostock
,
which
was
like
to
have
destroyed
the
Town
,
and
the
Inhabitants
also
with
it
;
and
it
was
this
.
A
certaine
Burgher
,
or
Townsman
,
having
a
minde
,
according
to
the
example
of
Iudith
,
to
deliver
the
said
Town
,
from
the
oppression
(
as
he
said
)
of
the
Imperialists
;
went
to
the
Governour
in
his
Chamber
to
desire
a
Pastport
;
and
when
he
saw
him
busie
in
writing
it
,
he
struck
him
so
many
blowes
with
a
hatchet
,
that
he
cut
off
his
head
,
and
carried
it
away
in
a
bag
,
and
threw
it
into
the
Cellar
of
another
Burgher
.
This
murther
being
discovered
,
gave
an
alarme
to
the
Souldiers
,
who
gave
it
also
so
hotly
to
the
poor
Citizens
,
that
they
thought
no
lesse
,
then
to
be
all
knocked
in
the
head
,
and
plundered
.
But
inquiry
being
made
,
the
head
was
found
,
and
the
murtherer
shortly
after
,
who
was
examined
,
and
made
suffer
the
punishment
of
his
Crime
,
for
the
discharge
of
the
innocent
;
and
his
ill
setled
head
flew
off
his
shoulders
,
for
an
example
,
to
such
as
should
undertake
,
falsly
to
imitate
that
aforesaid
Lady
,
who
was
accompanied
by
the
Holy
Ghost
.
The
Duke
of
Wirtembergh
,
and
all
who
had
renounced
the
League
of
Leipsick
,
took
arms
again
,
with
as
much
facility
,
as
a
Candel
newly
put
out
,
and
yet
hot
,
takes
fire
:
All
must
be
changed
;
there
must
be
another
Golden
Bull
,
other
Electors
,
and
another
Emperour
;
for
they
scoffed
at
this
,
and
all
his
designes
:
but
as
soon
as
the
Armies
were
seen
before
Nurembergh
,
all
was
husht
,
and
every
body
stood
mute
,
at
the
expectation
of
a
successe
,
which
was
to
give
the
Law
.
When
the
King
came
out
of
Bavaria
,
he
found
but
onely
Ingolstadt
,
which
resisted
him
;
and
in
revenge
thereof
,
he
dispersed
all
his
forces
throughout
the
whole
Country
;
and
Minnecken
,
one
of
the
finest
Towns
in
Germany
presented
him
her
keyes
;
where
he
seized
upon
a
huge
Treasure
;
and
being
informed
,
that
there
were
many
pieces
of
Ordnance
buried
under
ground
,
he
caused
them
to
be
digged
up
,
and
found
them
full
of
Ducats
.
In
fine
,
being
loaden
with
booty
,
and
not
able
to
stay
there
,
he
extorted
three
hundred
thousand
Rix-Dollars
more
from
the
Town
,
to
save
it
from
plunder
,
as
he
did
some
other
,
after
the
same
rate
.
Many
Villadges
were
set
on
fire
,
for
a
signe
that
the
Enemy
had
been
there
;
who
retired
himselfe
with
speed
,
letting
the
Bavarians
take
breath
by
his
departure
,
and
leaving
Garrisons
in
three
Towns
onely
,
to
assure
them
of
his
returne
,
at
his
pleasure
;
and
so
he
went
,
and
incamped
himselfe
before
Nurembergh
;
a
place
of
much
renown
,
for
the
industry
of
the
Inhabitants
,
and
for
being
one
of
the
principal
Imperial
Towns
besides
.
It
is
seated
,
almost
in
the
Center
of
Germany
;
hath
alwayes
been
extreamely
jealous
of
the
Emperours
happines
,
opposed
his
designes
,
by
many
direct
wayes
;
Nurembergh
contrary
to
the
Emperour
.
as
by
Embassyes
to
the
Protestants
,
and
by
Leagues
which
it
hath
made
,
with
the
Enemies
of
the
House
of
Austria
.
Wallenstein
resolved
,
to
go
thanke
the
Citizens
of
the
Town
,
for
the
good
reception
they
had
given
his
Masters
Capital
Enemy
,
and
by
the
same
means
,
to
recall
him
to
their
succour
.
The
Armies
drew
neer
the
Town
,
and
invironned
it
,
together
with
the
King
;
who
not
being
strong
enough
,
to
oppose
so
great
,
and
terrible
forces
,
sent
for
all
his
Generals
;
as
Marshal
Horne
,
the
Landgrave
of
Hassia
;
Duke
Bernard
of
Wimar
;
Axel
Oxensterns
,
and
a
multitude
of
other
Officers
,
with
their
Troops
,
who
all
arrived
happily
to
his
camp
;
All
the
forces
before
Nurembergh
.
save
onely
Tupadel
,
who
had
three
Regiments
cut
in
pieces
,
and
himselfe
taken
prisoner
.
Upon
the
other
side
,
Gallasso
,
and
Holck
gave
the
Protestants
like
for
like
;
pilladged
Misnia
,
and
took
all
the
Towns
,
Friburgh
,
to
save
the
Sepulcher
of
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
paid
eighty
thousand
Rix-Dollers
:
Leipsick
,
Galasso
in
Misnia
.
took
Garrison
,
the
second
time
,
and
saw
them
returne
,
whom
it
thought
never
to
see
again
;
and
that
song
was
proved
false
,
which
said
,
that
the
Emperour
was
escaped
like
a
Theese
,
and
a
Highway-man
.
But
respect
was
lost
,
and
detraction
praised
.
Oh
depraved
Age
!
Thou
art
full
of
injustice
,
and
perfidie
.
Papenheim
in
Westphalia
.
Papenheim
being
repassed
the
Rheyn
,
made
all
his
Enemies
forthwith
know
of
his
returne
;
and
all
the
Birds
,
smelling
the
approach
of
the
Falcon
,
hid
themselves
.
He
tore
some
in
pieces
,
and
made
others
fly
from
their
nests
;
without
letting
any
body
take
,
either
rest
,
or
breath
.
Baudis
,
His
exploits
.
and
the
Landgrave
felt
the
prickings
of
his
tallons
:
Duke
George
of
Luneburgh
,
who
had
besieged
Wollfenbottel
,
found
himselfe
oppressed
,
before
he
knew
of
his
Enemies
coming
;
and
he
was
so
well
cudgelled
,
that
he
could
hardly
get
safe
to
Brunswick
.
This
successe
so
much
inflamed
the
courage
of
this
brave
Souldier
,
that
he
presumed
to
attack
the
great
Towns
;
and
so
he
took
H●ldesheem
,
and
Mulhuse
,
with
three
hundred
thousand
Rix-Dollars
for
ransom
;
and
Erfurt
was
already
mennased
by
him
,
when
he
heard
,
that
the
King
was
departed
out
of
Franconie
,
and
was
coming
towards
Saxony
,
there
to
finde
his
Tomb
:
And
indeed
he
said
,
a
little
before
the
Battel
of
Lutzen
,
that
he
should
not
live
long
,
because
he
was
too
much
loved
,
honoured
,
The
words
of
Gustave
.
and
respected
by
the
people
:
which
prediction
of
his
proved
true
,
as
we
shall
forthwith
demonstrate
.
CHAP.
XXVII
The
Armies
encamped
before
Nurembergh
.
The
Skirmishes
.
They
depart
from
thence
.
The
Battail
of
Lutzen
.
The
death
of
King
Gustave
,
King
Frederick
,
and
Papenheim
.
I
Shal
not
mention
all
which
passed
,
between
the
two
greatest
Armies
,
that
have
been
seen
these
hundred
yeares
,
composed
of
so
many
Generals
,
as
well
as
others
.
Every
one
laboured
to
excell
his
companion
;
and
whatsoever
art
,
and
subtilty
,
can
be
in
Arms
,
was
here
set
on
work
.
The
King
,
who
boasted
,
that
he
had
to
do
with
a
Priest
,
which
was
Tilly
;
with
a
souldier
,
Tilly
called
Priestly
the
King
Papenheim
,
Souldier
,
and
Willenstein
Foole.
meaning
Papenheim
;
and
with
a
Fool
,
which
was
Wallenstein
,
(
who
gave
him
more
exercise
then
all
the
rest
)
not
being
able
to
draw
him
to
a
generall
Battail
,
offered
him
the
Crown
of
Hungary
;
but
that
not
succeeding
,
and
the
Impostume
,
which
Wallenstein
had
in
his
soul
,
not
being
yet
ready
to
burst
,
and
vent
the
filth
which
was
in
it
;
recourse
must
be
had
to
force
.
For
the
Imperialists
were
grown
Hollanders
,
and
served
themselves
of
the
Spade
,
instead
of
the
Lance.
But
Gustave
,
longing
to
be
Master
of
the
Empyre
,
resolved
to
unnestle
him
from
thence
,
and
assembled
his
principall
Officers
,
to
dispose
his
Army
that
way
:
But
finding
them
of
a
contrary
opinion
,
through
the
impossibility
of
the
Enterprize
;
he
fell
to
reproach
them
,
and
utter
such
injurious
language
against
them
,
as
had
not
their
interest
been
tyed
to
his
,
Gustave
abuses
his
Officers
.
and
their
aversion
from
the
House
of
Austria
,
too
great
;
would
have
made
many
of
them
disband
.
In
so
much
,
as
that
Duke
Barnard
rising
full
of
generous
choler
,
answered
him
in
these
terms
.
Sir
,
the
Germans
are
not
Cowards
.
But
,
the
King
appeased
him
,
saying
,
that
it
was
not
he
whom
he
taxed
,
and
so
disposed
him
,
together
with
the
other
Officers
,
to
a
Generall
Attack
.
The
losse
of
the
Swedes
.
The
Swedes
advanced
;
and
the
Imperialists
,
covered
with
their
Trenches
,
withstood
them
;
and
after
a
stubborn
fight
of
many
houres
,
and
the
losse
of
the
Flower
of
their
Army
,
repulsed
them
;
There
were
aboue
five
thousand
killed
upon
the
place
,
besides
hurt
,
and
taken
.
Then
,
was
the
gold
of
great
Gustaves
wisdome
ecclipsed
,
and
appeared
that
it
was
neer
an
end
.
The
Imperialists
lost
about
fifteen
hundred
men
.
And
the
King
fearing
,
least
he
should
loose
the
Electour
of
Saxonie
,
left
a
good
Garrison
in
the
Town
,
to
secure
it
,
and
marched
with
all
his
Army
,
towards
Saxonie
,
to
preserve
that
Countrey
for
himself
.
But
,
whilest
the
Armyes
were
incamped
neer
Nurembergh
,
and
the
circumjacent
Countries
for
more
then
ten
leagues
compasse
,
ruined
,
by
the
excursions
of
so
many
men
;
General
Arnem
,
domineered
over
Silesia
at
his
pleasure
,
and
being
reinforced
by
some
Troops
,
constrained
Holck
,
to
cast
himself
into
Misnia
,
with
Galasso
.
The
Masters
of
Politick
Science
were
of
opinion
,
that
if
Wallenstein
had
had
a
mind
to
destroy
the
King
,
he
might
have
done
it
,
without
putting
himself
in
the
danger
of
hazarding
a
Combat
;
had
it
not
been
upon
very
great
advantage
;
but
that
he
let
him
passe
,
so
to
play
his
part
the
better
.
Whatever
were
the
matter
,
his
actions
were
more
neerly
,
and
narrowly
pryed
into
afterwards
,
which
,
when
the
right
side
of
the
Meddal
was
turned
upwards
,
were
discovered
to
be
all
criminal
.
The
King
,
not
having
been
able
to
ruin
Wallenstein
,
passed
to
the
Dutchy
of
Wirtembergh
,
and
sent
General
Bannier
over
the
Danub
.
The
Duke
separated
himself
,
to
go
and
defend
his
Countrey
;
and
Wallenstein
followed
the
King
,
but
suddenly
changed
his
resolution
,
and
marched
into
the
Dutchy
of
Saxonie
,
there
to
take
up
his
Winter
quarters
.
Gustave
hastened
thither
:
Wallenstein
speedily
sent
for
the
Valliant
Papenheim
.
The
King
,
whose
genius
seemed
to
apprehend
that
of
the
Souldier
,
laboured
to
hinder
this
conjunction
,
and
desired
to
destroy
him
,
but
could
not
;
for
the
Souldier
had
too
much
craft
,
and
dexterity
;
and
he
was
very
well
receaved
by
his
General
,
who
sent
him
,
with
ten
,
or
twelve
Regiments
,
to
surprise
Hall
,
and
keep
Galasso
,
and
Holck
with
himself
.
The
King
being
incamped
before
Nurenburgh
,
had
notice
from
Wallensteins
Camp
neer
Lutzen
,
of
the
departure
of
him
whose
valour
he
so
much
esteemed
;
and
being
desirous
to
end
the
difference
by
a
Battail
,
The
Battail
of
Lutzen
.
disposed
his
Army
thereto
with
a
short
speech
;
And
Wallenstein
,
having
discovered
his
intension
,
sent
speedily
after
Papenheim
,
and
resolved
to
stand
fast
,
and
expect
the
Enemy
.
The
Shock
,
or
Ouset
was
furious
,
and
bloody
:
The
Croats
did
well
enough
,
at
the
beginning
,
and
the
Swedes
better
;
and
if
Papenheim
had
stayed
a
little
longer
,
the
Imperialists
had
fled
.
But
,
he
came
time
enough
,
Papenheim
slain
.
to
redresse
the
Army
which
already
began
to
stagger
,
and
to
repulse
the
enemy
:
but
the
shot
of
a
Falkon
(
a
piece
of
Ordnance
so
called
)
put
a
period
to
his
life
,
and
all
his
glorious
enterprizes
.
Germany
hath
produced
but
few
such
Souldiers
as
he
was
for
Valour
,
Felicitie
and
Courage
;
His
elogies
.
and
the
Emperour
hath
had
few
,
who
have
equalled
him
in
fidelity
.
He
first
made
himself
known
,
in
the
Valtelme
;
and
at
the
Battail
of
Prague
,
he
was
found
amongst
dead
.
He
finished
the
Tumults
of
the
Peasants
in
Austria
,
and
above
all
after
the
Battail
of
Leipsick
,
he
redressed
his
Masters
desperate
party
in
Westphalia
.
He
seemed
to
dye
content
,
when
he
was
told
that
the
King
was
killed
,
and
it
is
held
,
that
if
he
had
lived
yet
some
years
more
,
he
would
have
restored
the
Imperial
Majesty
,
to
the
first
splendour
.
The
Horse
basely
gave
ground
,
as
they
had
done
in
the
first
Battail
.
It
is
beleeved
,
that
the
King
was
slaine
,
about
the
beginning
of
the
Battail
,
having
receaved
five
wounds
,
two
whereof
were
mortal
,
but
it
could
never
be
learnt
,
by
whose
hand
he
fell
,
and
opinions
were
so
different
,
that
the
truth
could
never
be
discovered
.
The
Swedes
have
reported
,
that
he
was
killed
,
Gustave
slain
.
by
a
great
Lord
of
his
own
Army
;
others
,
by
Papenheim
:
but
neither
the
one
,
nor
the
other
is
very
likely
to
be
true
.
He
was
found
amongst
the
dead
,
so
trodden
,
and
tumbled
by
the
Army
,
which
had
passed
over
his
body
,
that
he
was
hard
to
be
known
.
What
shall
we
say
of
the
potency
of
this
world
,
since
so
much
glory
,
and
merit
is
trodden
under
foot
by
horses
?
This
Prince
,
who
,
like
another
Alexander
,
was
grieved
,
and
vexed
to
stay
so
long
in
Germany
,
and
wished
nothing
more
,
His
praises
.
then
to
go
seek
new
Trophies
elsewhere
;
is
borne
down
,
and
that
so
venerable
Majesty
,
so
much
respected
,
and
feared
every
where
,
is
now
reduced
to
dust
:
This
great
Warrier
,
this
invincible
Monarch
,
the
delight
of
the
Protestants
,
the
terrour
of
the
Catholicks
;
the
Darling
of
Fortune
:
lost
his
life
in
the
middle
of
Triumphs
,
and
of
Germany
.
His
fall
caused
so
much
rage
,
and
despaire
,
in
the
soules
of
his
souldiers
,
that
they
chose
rather
to
die
,
then
retyre
;
and
obliged
the
Imperialists
,
after
they
had
fought
till
dark
night
,
to
make
a
retreate
,
but
little
more
modest
,
then
plain
flight
,
towards
Leipsick
.
His
life
.
Duke
Bernard
,
and
Cniphanse
,
gave
great
testimonies
of
themselves
,
in
this
bloody
Fight
;
and
the
whole
Army
melted
in
teares
,
to
see
the
King
their
Generall
,
without
sense
and
motion
.
He
was
Son
to
Charles
Duke
of
Sudermam
,
who
had
taken
away
the
Crown
,
from
his
Nephew
Sigismund
,
King
of
Poland
.
It
is
reported
,
that
he
had
made
his
Apprentiship
in
War
disguised
,
and
unknown
,
under
Prince
Maurice
,
and
that
even
after
he
was
King
,
he
made
a
journey
into
Germany
,
in
the
quality
of
an
ordinary
Horseman
.
His
Governours
son
hath
told
me
,
that
he
was
in
the
war
of
Bohemia
.
saw
the
Count
of
Bucquoy's
Army
;
discovered
himselfe
to
some
Princes
;
and
then
sowed
the
first
seeds
of
his
intelligence
,
in
the
Empire
.
He
made
War
in
Livonia
,
and
Prussia
,
with
a
most
singular
odour
of
his
great
felicity
.
His
many
Victories
changed
his
sweet
,
and
tractable
nature
,
into
a
too
rough
and
austere
severity
;
an
hereditary
Vice
in
the
race
of
Erick
,
as
soon
as
they
are
past
forty
years
old
.
Thus
gloriously
ended
Gustavus
Ad●phus
his
dayes
;
and
Parca
,
by
cutting
off
the
thred
of
his
life
,
made
him
triumph
,
to
manifest
,
that
if
he
had
lived
some
years
longer
,
Europ
would
have
been
too
little
,
for
the
number
of
his
Conquests
,
and
his
glory
.
He
presumed
,
against
the
content
,
and
opinion
of
the
Chiefe
of
his
Council
,
to
come
into
Germany
,
with
an
Army
of
eight
thousand
men
,
to
defend
the
Lutheran
Religion
;
and
to
check
so
vast
,
and
formidable
a
Power
,
as
that
of
the
House
of
Austria
;
but
he
was
sure
of
his
Allyes
,
and
of
the
affections
of
all
the
Protestants
,
in
general
:
Also
that
though
Fortune
should
have
treated
him
,
as
she
had
done
others
;
he
had
still
the
means
left
,
to
save
himselfe
in
his
own
Kingdom
,
and
draw
up
the
Bridge
after
him
.
But
she
was
too
kinde
to
him
,
to
break
company
with
him
so
soone
;
and
his
designes
too
high
,
to
please
his
Allyes
.
Never
was
there
Prince
more
regretted
,
and
deplored
,
then
he
;
and
all
the
North
put
on
mourning
,
whilest
the
South
,
rejoyced
at
his
fall
,
but
it
felt
the
rough
Attacks
of
his
Generals
,
after
his
death
;
and
the
Swedes
went
not
out
of
Germany
,
till
they
got
a
Peace
,
the
spoiles
,
and
a
share
of
the
Empire
;
a
notable
recompence
,
The
Battel
of
Lutzen
the
sixteenth
of
November
.
for
having
whipped
it
so
well
.
This
Battel
hapned
the
sixteenth
of
November
;
some
dayes
after
,
deceased
King
Frederick
at
Mentz
;
a
milde
Prince
,
and
much
bewailed
by
his
people
.
He
accompanied
Gustave
into
Bavaria
,
who
was
willing
to
restore
him
to
the
Palatinat
,
The
death
of
Frederick
.
but
under
hard
,
and
unreceiuable
conditions
.
Let
us
see
what
passes
in
France
.
CHAP.
XXVIII
The
Elector
of
Trevirs
takes
the
protection
of
France
.
Monsieur
enters
into
the
Kingdom
,
with
an
Army
.
The
death
of
the
brave
Duke
of
Montmorancy
,
THe
fidelity
of
the
Ecclesiastical
Electors
was
so
great
,
that
they
chose
rather
,
to
suffer
all
the
rigour
,
and
extremity
of
Fortune
,
then
untie
themselves
from
the
Emperour
:
The
French
drivo
the
Sp●ni●ds
from
Trevirs
.
save
onely
,
that
the
Elector
of
Trevirs
,
sought
to
shelter
his
Country
,
under
the
protection
of
France
,
and
received
a
French
Garrison
into
Harmestein
,
an
inexpugnable
place
,
neer
Cobelents
,
where
the
Mosell
casts
her selfe
into
the
lap
of
the
Rheyn
.
And
he
would
have
done
as
much
at
Trevirs
,
if
he
had
not
been
prevented
by
the
Chapter
,
which
put
a
Spanish
Garrison
in
before
;
whereby
the
King
was
moved
to
send
the
Marshal
De'stree
,
to
dislodge
it
,
and
put
in
another
.
Whilest
the
said
King
and
Cardinal
were
looking
upon
the
affairs
of
Germany
,
Monsieur
his
Brother
marched
out
of
Brabant
with
an
Army
,
and
published
,
that
he
would
deliver
France
from
the
Tyranny
of
the
Cardinal
.
The
Duke
of
Montmorancy
ranged
himselfe
with
him
;
Monsieur
enters
France
.
and
it
looked
,
as
if
all
were
disposed
to
Richelnis
ruine
.
Many
of
the
Grandees
in●lined
also
that
way
;
being
jealous
,
to
see
the
King
of
Sweden
destroy
the
Catholick
.
League
in
Germany
,
shouldered
by
the
Allyance
,
of
the
Eldest
Sonne
of
the
Church
,
upon
the
suscitation
of
this
proud
Minister
.
The
Marshal
of
Schoonbergh
followed
this
said
Army
,
with
some
ordinary
forces
.
There
hapned
a
Skirmish
,
wherein
the
Duke
of
Montmorancy
would
needs
be
nibbling
,
and
so
was
wounded
,
and
taken
,
and
his
Party
ruined
,
by
his
temerity
.
It
is
in
a
general
Definition
,
and
not
in
a
particular
fight
;
that
a
General
ought
to
shew
his
dexterity
,
and
valour
,
A
Peace
was
made
in
haste
;
and
the
strangers
who
were
ingaged
with
Monsieur
,
very
ill
handled
;
and
he
hoped
to
obtaine
the
aforesaid
Dukes
pardon
,
but
in
vaine
:
for
he
ended
his
life
,
The
Duke
of
Montmorancy
beheaded
.
by
the
hand
of
an
ordinary
Executioner
,
and
his
House
ended
also
with
his
life
.
This
brave
Lord
,
who
had
performed
so
many
remarkable
services
,
was
sacrificed
,
to
the
interest
which
was
taken
in
the
Swedish
Party
,
his
aversion
from
which
was
discovered
by
himselfe
.
It
is
great
wisdom
,
to
hide
ones
passions
,
and
to
lay
open
those
of
others
;
to
hear
much
,
and
say
little
.
This
violent
proceeding
much
amazed
all
the
Lords
of
France
;
augmented
the
Cardinals
hatred
,
and
gave
Monsieur
a
good
horse
,
to
be
gone
again
,
out
of
the
Kingdom
.
This
very
year
,
the
Embassadour
of
Spain
arriving
at
London
,
brought
things
so
to
passe
,
with
his
frequent
pursuits
and
instances
,
Peace
between
Spain
&
England
.
that
he
terminated
the
difference
,
between
his
Master
,
and
the
King
of
England
,
notwithstanding
all
the
oppositions
which
were
made
,
and
the
thwartings
which
were
brought
,
by
the
Embassadours
of
France
,
and
the
confederated
States
.
Pope
Vrban
,
to
purge
himselfe
from
the
hatred
,
which
was
born
him
by
all
the
zealous
Catholicks
,
Pope
Urban
little
loved
,
by
the
zealous
Catholicks
.
for
their
seing
him
in
secret
intelligence
with
the
Cardinal
,
whom
they
made
Author
,
of
all
the
misfortunes
,
and
mischiefs
suffered
by
the
Church
,
published
a
Jubile
;
but
all
that
,
was
not
able
to
wash
away
the
ill
opinion
,
which
was
conceived
of
him
;
and
in
a
Synod
,
which
was
held
in
Spain
,
they
treated
of
abrogating
his
Authority
,
in
regard
they
saw
him
favour
them
,
who
endeavoured
to
destroy
a
House
,
which
will
never
fall
,
but
with
the
ruine
of
the
Catholick
Religion
;
Yea
,
because
he
appeared
not
abroad
,
at
the
publick
rejoycing
,
which
was
made
at
Rome
,
for
the
death
of
King
Gustave
,
who
had
been
so
much
feared
;
many
were
heard
to
mutter
,
and
speak
such
bad
,
and
rash
words
,
as
the
licentiousnes
,
and
unlimitednes
of
the
miserable
Times
produced
.
When
the
Shepherd
takes
no
care
of
his
Sheep
,
the
Wolves
get
some
of
them
very
cheap
:
Piety
waxes
cold
;
and
the
weeds
grow
at
length
,
to
stifle
the
good
corne
.
CHAP.
XXIX
The
King
of
Sweden
regretted
,
and
by
whom
?
Wallenstein
causes
some
Officers
to
be
executed
.
John
de
Werdt
makes
himselfe
known
.
The
Battel
of
Hamelen
;
and
the
cruelty
of
the
Victorious
.
Brisac
succoured
by
the
Duke
of
Feria
.
War
in
the
Archbishoprick
of
Colein
.
THe
Body
of
this
great
Warrier
was
embalmed
,
and
carryed
into
Pomerania
,
and
from
thence
to
Stockholme
,
to
be
laid
in
the
Tomb
of
his
Ancestours
.
He
resuscitated
the
ancient
glory
of
the
Goths
,
and
the
notice
of
his
Army
,
struck
both
Europ
,
and
Asia
,
into
terrour
.
There
was
a
report
given
out
,
It
is
published
,
that
Gustave
is
not
dead
and
beleeved
by
some
of
them
who
were
most
affectionate
to
him
,
that
he
was
not
dead
;
but
had
secretly
transported
himselfe
into
Sweden
,
for
some
affairs
of
importance
,
and
to
discover
the
humour
of
the
Princes
:
but
this
fiction
,
was
grounded
upon
Maxime
of
Policie
,
and
having
gotten
some
Vogue
,
was
not
unprofitable
to
the
Party
.
He
was
given
,
neither
to
wine
,
not
women
:
and
he
inexorably
chastized
all
such
as
fayled
of
their
duty
.
He
much
changed
at
last
,
from
what
he
had
been
,
as
his
first
entry
into
Germany
:
and
no
marvail
,
since
his
very
Subjects
themselves
,
having
been
as
gentle
as
Lambs
,
before
,
were
now
become
arrogant
,
by
so
much
good
success
,
so
many
spoyles
,
and
the
enjoyment
of
a
Countrey
,
so
much
better
and
happier
,
then
their
own
.
The
Princes
of
the
Party
lamented
him
extrinsecally
;
but
were
in
effect
,
glad
enough
,
to
be
rid
of
such
a
Conquerour
,
who
had
gotten
a
far
greater
possession
of
the
hearts
of
their
Subjects
,
then
they
had
themselves
.
But
the
King
of
France
,
and
the
Cardinal
were
truly
sorry
for
him
,
because
they
had
not
brought
that
House
lowenough
,
which
they
had
a
minde
to
strip
of
some
fayre
States
,
as
it
hath
since
appeared
.
And
now
,
in
regard
they
had
payd
the
charge
,
they
prepared
to
go
to
the
Banquet
,
by
buying
the
Towns
,
which
the
Sweeds
had
taken
,
neer
the
Rheyn
.
He
left
one
Daughter
only
.
He
left
behinde
him
,
only
one
Daughter
,
Heyress
to
her
Fathers
vertues
,
as
well
as
his
Crowne
;
and
he
left
his
Lievtenants
,
and
Allyes
,
the
care
,
to
finish
the
worke
,
not
yet
perfected
.
The
Hollanders
began
,
more
to
feare
him
,
then
love
him
;
and
by
consequence
,
expressed
no
great
resentment
of
his
death
;
nor
did
they
desire
him
at
all
,
for
their
neighbour
;
wherefore
,
they
were
not
a
little
glad
,
to
see
him
leave
Colein
,
and
march
up
into
Bavaria
.
He
will
never
be
forgotten
,
either
by
his
friends
,
or
his
enemyes
;
and
his
memory
will
live
,
to
the
end
of
the
world
.
The
Hughenots
cal
the
Lutherans
Brothers
.
The
Hughenots
of
France
,
for
his
sake
,
began
already
to
call
the
Lutherans
their
Brethrea
;
and
it
is
held
for
certain
,
that
he
was
endeavouring
to
awaken
the
old
quarrels
in
Italy
,
and
else
where
.
He
was
about
two
years
and
a
half
in
Germany
,
accompanyed
by
so
much
happiness
(
yea
too
much
to
last
long
)
that
his
own
very
friends
were
amazed
at
it
.
The
Swedes
make
the
Offensive
every
where
.
To
declare
to
all
the
world
,
that
he
had
obtained
the
Victory
when
he
dyed
,
his
enemies
retyred
into
Bohemia
;
and
the
Swedes
made
every
where
,
the
offensive
.
The
Duke
of
Brunswick
,
and
the
Landgrave
of
Hassia
,
brought
War
upon
the
Bishops
in
Westphalia
,
who
had
lost
their
Souldier
:
Gustave
Herne
,
and
some
others
transported
it
into
Alsatia
,
and
Swaveland
;
and
General
Bawdas
,
in
the
district
of
Colein
:
Duke
Bernard
cleansed
Misuia
;
and
Arnem
subjugated
Silesia
.
But
what
did
Wallenstein
,
during
all
these
floods
?
He
cut
of
the
Heads
of
many
of
his
Officers
.
Wallenstein
execut●s
some
Officers
,
and
why
?
And
why
?
for
not
having
performed
their
duty
?
Yea
rather
,
to
begin
thereby
to
warp
the
web
of
his
treason
,
and
put
in
execution
what
he
had
hatched
in
his
Soule
:
and
therefore
,
he
put
to
death
,
such
as
he
knew
,
were
most
affectionate
to
the
Emperours
service
.
Vertue
comes
upon
the
Scaffold
,
as
well
as
Vice
.
There
was
no
remedy
;
for
he
had
full
power
,
without
appeal
:
but
the
innocent
blood
spurted
in
his
face
,
sooner
then
he
thought
:
for
the
cry
thereof
,
never
findes
the
ears
of
the
great
God
,
stopped
;
is
must
be
revenged
.
Baudits
designe
upon
Tuits
,
a
small
town
upon
the
bank
of
the
Rheyn
,
opposite
to
Colein
,
issued
well
;
but
he
was
beaten
out
again
,
and
his
proceeding
abhorred
,
for
breaking
the
new
trality
.
So
that
,
he
retyred
to
Siburgh
,
a
convenient
place
,
to
incommodate
the
Archbishoprick
.
Aldringers
Victor●
.
General
Aldringers
Victory
was
greater
neer
the
Leck
,
where
he
cut
of
the
Troops
of
the
Marquis
of
St.
Andrew
,
and
retook
some
places
in
Sweveland
:
and
John
de
Werdt
did
as
much
in
Franconie
;
who
grew
by
little
and
little
,
to
make
himself
so
formidable
,
that
it
was
beleeved
,
he
was
another
Papenheim
,
sprung
up
out
of
his
ashes
.
But
,
all
these
were
but
Skermishes
,
in
comparison
of
the
huge
Victory
,
gotten
by
the
Hassians
,
and
Luneburgians
neer
Hamelen
,
in
the
moneth
of
July
,
1633.
They
had
besiedged
the
Town
,
and
the
others
would
succour
it
.
Colein
,
the
Mother
of
Armyes
,
The
seventh
of
July
.
quickly
produced
one
.
But
,
in
stead
of
Papenheim
,
there
was
nothing
but
discord
amongst
the
Generals
:
Souldiers
there
were
enow
;
but
there
wanted
a
good
,
The
defeate
of
the
Imperalists
neer
Hamelen
1633
;
and
perfect
intelligence
amongst
their
Leaders
.
However
,
they
advanced
;
and
General
Merode
thought
,
that
in
this
occasion
,
the
Commanders
would
lay
aside
all
partiality
,
for
the
Publick
good
.
The
Foot
fell
on
;
but
was
deserted
by
the
Horse
;
and
the
poor
Souldiers
,
who
were
almost
all
Wallons
,
found
themselves
shut
up
in
a
dale
,
and
cryed
to
them
to
stand
,
and
make
good
their
ground
;
but
their
cries
and
groanes
were
carried
away
by
the
wind
,
to
follow
the
base
Cowardise
of
the
Horsemen
,
and
the
slacknesse
of
some
of
the
chief
Officers
.
General
Merode
,
and
Baron
Quad
,
a
Souldier
of
merit
,
chose
rather
to
dye
with
their
Swords
in
their
hands
,
then
follow
this
infamy
.
The
Forraine
Foot
threw
down
their
Arms
,
hoping
,
for
quarter
;
but
they
were
all
massacred
without
mercie
,
and
so
above
six
thousand
of
them
miserably
perished
.
Hamelen
was
rendred
,
and
Bonichawse
took
party
with
the
Swedes
.
The
discord
of
the
Generals
appeared
.
This
Army
was
sacrificed
,
to
the
hatred
,
which
Wallenstein
already
carryed
,
to
such
as
were
able
to
hurt
him
;
and
therefore
,
being
Generalissmo
,
he
s
;
ent
the
chief
command
to
Grondstfeldt
,
against
the
opinion
,
and
advice
of
the
Electour
of
Colein
.
Had
there
been
a
good
harmonic
amongst
them
,
they
had
not
only
succoured
Hamelen
,
but
easily
brought
the
War
also
into
Meckelenburgh
,
and
Pomerania
.
But
it
was
to
beat
the
Dog
before
the
Wolfe
.
This
check
advanced
the
Swedish
Party
:
favoured
Frithlands
designe
;
aflicted
all
the
Archbishoprick
of
Colein
;
and
put
the
French
in
mind
,
that
it
was
time
to
go
into
Lorraine
,
to
catch
some
planks
,
of
that
ship
,
which
threatned
to
make
ship
wrack
.
The
Italians
succour
Brisat
.
The
Duke
of
Feria
came
,
with
an
Army
of
Italians
,
to
succour
Alsatia
,
where
he
had
the
same
vexations
,
though
a
little
better
end
;
for
he
succoured
Brisac
,
crossed
Horns
Progresse
;
and
made
those
Catholick
Provinces
a
little
respire
but
the
poor
Peasants
had
the
worst
of
it
;
and
the
Italians
being
much
ransacked
,
and
wasted
by
diseases
,
he
was
forced
to
returne
the
same
way
he
came
,
Wallenstein
would
have
had
him
obey
his
Orders
,
as
Generalissmo
;
but
he
made
a
deaf
ears
;
however
the
other
laid
so
many
ginns
in
his
way
,
that
he
had
much
adoe
to
escape
them
;
and
so
all
Alsatia
,
save
only
Brisac
,
suffered
the
Swedish
yoke
.
But
since
we
are
upon
the
Fronteer
of
Lorraine
,
let
us
look
what
passes
there
,
before
we
take
our
flight
to
any
other
place
.
CHAP.
XXX
The
Siedge
Nancy
.
Rantsaw
makes
himself
known
,
at
the
Encounter
of
Haguenaw
,
and
at
the
Siedge
of
Andernack
.
GReat
Princes
are
always
obliged
,
to
maintain
their
Stats
,
conserve
their
Subjects
,
and
by
the
Maxims
of
prudence
,
and
justice
,
divert
the
storme
,
before
it
fall
,
and
overwhelme
them
.
The
Duke
of
Lorraine
arms
.
The
Duke
of
Lorraine
,
seeing
almost
all
Alsatia
subdued
by
the
Swedes
,
and
knowing
,
the
danger
could
not
be
far
from
himself
,
when
his
neighbours
house
was
on
fire
,
judged
it
more
then
time
,
to
look
about
him
.
Wherefore
,
he
made
levyes
;
whereat
the
King
of
France
formalized
,
and
marched
into
the
Field
.
A
sad
condition
for
a
Soveraigne
Prince
,
that
he
may
not
be
permitted
to
raise
men
,
for
his
own
defence
!
But
,
the
weakest
must
to
the
Wall
:
For
,
neither
were
the
reasons
which
they
alledged
,
sufficient
to
justify
their
proceedings
;
nor
his
strong
enough
to
secure
him
from
shipwrack
.
The
Cardinal
of
Lorraine
went
to
meet
the
King
,
and
endeavoured
to
divert
him
,
by
acquainting
him
with
his
brothers
intentions
,
which
were
all
good
:
but
all
this
was
not
able
to
stop
him
.
It
was
in
vain
to
speak
;
for
words
are
fruitlesse
,
to
such
as
are
already
condemned
.
All
Europe
belongs
to
the
Crowne
of
France
,
and
by
consequence
,
Lorraine
.
See
Arroy
.
The
Siedge
of
Nancy
.
The
King
besieged
Nancy
:
The
duke
protested
,
that
he
had
desired
nothing
but
peace
,
and
good
correspondence
with
his
Majesty
.
Whilest
this
was
a
doing
,
the
Princesse
Margaret
made
her
escape
disguised
,
and
went
into
the
Low-Countries
to
her
husband
,
who
came
to
meet
her
at
Namurs
,
and
conducted
her
to
Brussels
,
where
she
was
received
by
the
Infanta
,
with
honour
,
agreeable
to
her
quality
.
They
of
Colein
took
the
protection
of
France
.
The
Swedes
,
and
their
Allyes
,
having
obtained
so
great
a
Victory
,
as
that
whereof
we
have
lately
spoken
,
with
so
little
losse
,
entred
into
the
Archbishoprick
of
Colein
,
and
tormented
it
so
much
,
that
the
Magistrates
induced
by
the
arguments
of
their
Syndick
,
and
some
others
,
together
with
the
necessity
of
their
assayrs
;
concluded
upon
the
dispatch
of
their
Embassadours
to
the
King
of
France
,
to
implore
his
protection
.
They
had
recourse
to
a
Catholick
Prince
,
to
shelter
them
from
the
insolence
of
Protestants
;
and
that
by
consent
of
the
Clergy
;
but
the
Citizens
,
being
most
affectionate
to
their
old
Master
,
would
not
be
satisfyed
by
these
reasons
.
The
said
Embassadours
were
most
honourably
receaved
,
at
the
Camp
before
Nancy
:
where
the
Cardinal
spared
none
of
his
Compliments
(
the
holy-water
of
the
Court
)
nor
feates
of
cunning
,
and
skil
,
to
accomplish
so
huge
a
Conquest
as
this
;
which
would
be
sure
to
draine
all
the
Emperours
resources
or
fresh
springs
about
the
Rheyn
;
hinder
the
Communication
of
the
Spaniards
with
the
Empyre
;
and
serve
for
an
infallible
meanes
to
seize
upon
the
Low-Countryes
.
But
it
chanced
,
that
some
inopinated
accidents
,
and
the
good
successe
of
a
Battail
,
made
them
of
Colein
,
repent
;
and
this
Bargain
miscarry
,
to
the
said
Cardinals
great
displeasure
.
Nancy
rendred
The
Duke
of
Lorraine
,
found
himself
obliged
,
for
the
obtaining
of
peace
,
to
yeeld
up
Nancy
,
upon
the
same
conditions
that
he
had
done
the
three
other
Towns
;
being
counselled
not
to
expect
extremities
,
lest
peradventure
,
he
might
thereby
incur
the
hazard
of
losing
all
his
States
.
Wherefore
,
he
did
it
with
much
freedom
,
and
submission
:
but
it
had
been
better
for
him
,
to
have
sustained
the
siege
,
and
expected
the
worst
;
for
his
Country
was
not
restored
to
him
,
nor
ever
will
be
,
till
his
Enemies
shall
not
be
able
to
keep
it
any
longer
,
and
shall
have
enough
to
do
also
to
keep
themselves
,
in
regard
of
forrain
revolutions
.
They
reproached
him
,
that
he
had
given
his
Sister
in
marriage
,
to
the
Duke
of
Orleans
,
against
the
lawes
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
that
he
had
refused
to
do
homage
to
the
King
,
for
the
Dutchy
of
Bar.
The
former
of
these
,
was
excused
by
the
said
Duke
of
Orleans
himself
,
upon
the
difference
,
which
was
between
him
and
the
Cardinal
:
and
for
the
Homage
,
he
had
offered
to
do
it
,
in
his
own
name
;
but
not
his
wives
,
according
to
the
Maxims
of
the
Salick
Lawes
,
whereof
we
have
spoken
already
.
But
these
complaints
,
were
but
pretexts
,
to
cover
the
designe
they
had
to
seize
upon
the
Dutchy
,
which
is
upon
the
passage
into
Germany
,
thereby
to
get
a
footing
there
with
more
facility
,
so
that
they
might
be
hindered
by
nothing
,
from
conquering
the
better
part
thereof
:
For
,
if
the
Eagle
could
not
be
taken
whole
,
and
alive
:
they
were
resolved
to
have
some
of
her
feathers
at
least
,
and
so
leave
her
without
strength
,
and
vigour
.
After
Nancy
,
quickly
followed
all
tho
rest
of
the
Dutchy
under
certain
colours
,
which
offered
themselves
,
without
being
sought
.
And
all
Lorraine
.
And
this
Country
being
thus
subdued
by
his
Eminences
activity
,
nothing
which
was
on
that
side
of
the
Rheyn
,
could
escape
him
.
His
wisdom
was
drvine
;
he
disposed
,
of
the
influence
of
the
Starrs
,
and
of
this
lower
world
,
at
his
pleasure
:
but
there
was
a
power
infinitly
just
,
above
him
,
which
brought
both
him
,
and
all
he
had
gotten
by
unlawfull
wayes
,
into
dust
.
Oh
ye
Flatterers
,
Plagues
of
this
corrupt
Age
;
And
you
,
Mercenary
Pens
,
instruments
of
all
mischief
,
who
have
employed
all
your
talents
,
upon
the
excessive
praises
,
of
one
of
the
greater
persons
that
ever
wore
the
Purple
?
Why
have
you
not
been
content
,
to
represent
his
fine
actions
to
the
world
,
in
a
more
modest
,
and
true
style
,
without
mingling
therewith
,
the
contempt
of
the
infinite
Essence
,
and
of
Princes
unjustly
oppressed
?
Why
doe
thou
accuse
of
pride
,
and
ambition
,
such
as
repell
force
by
force
;
and
seek
revenge
,
after
they
have
been
attacked
?
Open
your
eyes
,
to
what
hath
happened
,
and
doth
yet
daily
happen
,
and
look
upon
the
end
?
It
is
laid
that
the
good
Cause
shall
triumph
at
last
;
and
you
shall
agree
with
me
,
that
afflictions
will
one
time
be
Universall
.
The
King
of
France
having
given
order
for
the
building
of
a
Cittadell
,
to
a
Town
,
which
(
in
apparence
)
was
but
borrowed
,
put
himself
upon
the
way
towards
Paris
;
and
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
,
towards
Germany
,
to
charge
the
Swedes
neer
Hagnenaw
:
The
Encounter
neer
Haguenaw
.
where
his
Foot
ran
basely
away
without
fighting
at
all
;
as
his
Enemies
Horse
also
did
,
after
a
furious
combat
;
But
he
,
with
his
,
was
not
able
to
force
their
Foot
,
which
defended
it self
bravely
.
It
was
here
,
&
at
Andernack
,
a
Town
seated
upon
the
Rheyn
,
that
Monsieur
de
Rantsaw
,
a
Gentleman
of
Holstein
,
gave
a
high
account
of
himself
;
and
this
was
the
first
step
,
whereby
he
ascended
to
the
dignity
of
Marshall
of
France
.
But
let
us
go
seek
Wallenstein
,
upon
the
Confines
of
Poland
;
and
leave
the
French
the
care
,
of
disposing
of
Lorraine
,
for
the
expences
of
their
journey
into
Germany
;
whereof
,
because
it
is
a
Land
of
Conquest
,
every
one
must
have
his
share
.
CHAP.
XXXI
.
Wallenstein
defeats
the
Swedes
in
Silesia
:
The
Colonians
,
or
they
of
Colein
,
retract
the
Accord
made
before
Nancy
.
The
Tragicall
death
of
the
said
Wallenstein
.
WHilest
the
Princes
,
and
States
,
which
were
enemies
to
the
House
of
Austria
,
rejoyced
extreamly
to
see
the
Eagle
lose
her
strength
,
under
their
noses
;
by
the
weakening
of
so
many
Provinces
;
by
so
much
blood-shed
;
by
the
totall
occupation
,
or
seazure
of
all
Lorraine
;
and
by
so
many
rubs
,
and
traverses
,
as
the
Hollanders
gave
the
King
of
Spaine
;
(
who
yet
like
a
good
Physician
defened
her
with
his
forces
,
and
fortified
her
,
His
money
from
the
Indies
.
with
his
Aurum
potabile
,
or
liquor
of
life
,
from
the
Indies
)
it
seemed
high
time
to
that
ambitious
General
,
to
hatch
his
pernicious
designes
,
for
that
by
so
many
brave
actions
as
he
had
performed
,
he
thought
,
he
deserved
to
wear
a
Crown
,
though
it
were
at
the
charge
of
his
Masters
.
Behold
here
,
the
most
ungratefull
of
mortalls
,
and
the
most
dangerous
of
all
the
Emperours
enemies
,
who
was
likely
to
have
effected
alone
,
that
which
all
the
rest
together
,
had
not
been
able
to
do
.
Desire
of
revenge
,
and
ambition
,
made
him
forget
his
duty
;
and
cruelty
,
moved
him
to
undertake
this
detestable
Treason
.
He
sent
Generall
Holck
into
Misnia
,
who
reduced
many
Towns
,
and
even
Leipsick
it self
,
for
the
third
time
;
but
a
contagious
sicknesse
stopped
the
course
of
his
prosperity
,
and
greatnesse
.
He
was
a
Dane
borne
,
and
a
Gentleman
,
that
had
acquired
reputation
in
Stralsund
,
whereof
he
was
Governour
;
and
after
the
peace
was
made
,
he
obtained
the
honour
of
commanding
an
Army
,
in
the
Emperours
service
.
Galasso
passed
into
Silesia
,
and
Wallenstein
,
not
being
well
satisfied
concerning
the
conditions
of
Peace
,
The
Swedes
defeated
towards
Stenaw
the
18.
of
October
,
1633.
followed
him
with
the
Body
of
the
Army
,
and
employed
so
much
promptitude
,
and
addresse
,
that
he
surprized
the
Enemies
near
Stenaw
;
defeated
the
Horse
,
(
which
was
much
in
number
)
and
surrounded
the
Food
,
which
yeelded
,
and
put
into
his
hands
above
six
score
Colours
,
with
all
the
Baggage
and
Artillery
.
Whereupon
all
Silesia
instantly
submitted
;
and
it
was
firmly
beleeved
,
that
he
endeavoured
to
bring
back
the
war
,
to
the
mouth
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
to
recall
the
Swedes
to
defend
that
passage
,
by
which
they
entred
,
and
sent
home
their
booty
.
But
he
,
on
the
other
side
,
did
the
direct
contrary
;
and
as
if
he
had
been
vanquished
,
marched
from
Pomerania
;
and
sent
Generall
Henry
Count
de
la
Tour
,
with
Tubal
,
and
his
forces
,
to
take
up
their
Winter
quarters
,
in
the
Emperours
Hereditary
Lands
.
Which
proceeding
amazed
the
Court
at
Vienna
,
gave
the
Swedes
time
,
and
means
to
recollect
,
and
discovered
to
the
whole
world
what
he
had
hatched
in
his
soul
.
None
made
any
profit
of
this
victory
,
but
they
of
Colein
,
who
were
much
encouraged
by
it
;
and
consequently
,
they
declared
,
that
they
could
not
ratily
the
Treaty
which
they
had
made
with
the
King
of
France
,
nor
receive
any
Garrison
of
his
,
into
their
City
;
but
that
he
might
put
four
hundred
men
into
Andernach
,
The
Colonians
will
not
ratisy
the
Agreement
made
with
the
King
of
France
.
and
as
many
at
Zonts
:
founding
their
excuses
,
upon
the
insolence
of
the
people
.
In
effect
,
the
Citizens
,
being
singularly
affected
to
the
Emperour
,
memeed
both
the
Magistrate
,
and
the
Clergy
it self
,
to
beat
them
of
Town
,
if
there
were
any
more
speech
of
changing
their
Master
.
Let
us
now
shew
the
tragical
end
of
the
ungratefull
Wallenstein
;
for
since
we
have
already
seen
the
recompence
of
his
services
,
let
us
also
publish
the
just
punishment
of
his
crimes
,
and
treasons
.
Biron
was
advanced
to
the
high
dignity
of
Marshall
of
France
,
to
crown
his
vertnes
;
and
his
head
was
strucken
off
by
the
publick
Executioner
,
for
having
plotted
against
his
Master
.
This
said
Wallenstein
(
whom
the
Emperour
had
made
Duke
of
Frithland
)
collected
his
forces
near
Eguer
in
Bohemia
,
gave
them
three
moneths
pay
,
and
made
them
take
an
oath
to
himself
,
without
mentioning
the
Emperour
at
all
.
Thus
the
Impostume
brakes
'
ambition
brought
forth
Rebellion
:
all
was
discovered
,
and
his
practice
with
the
Swedes
,
known
.
But
what
remedie
for
so
desperate
a
businesse
?
Weallenstein's
designs
discovered
.
The
Vessel
could
not
choose
but
run
aground
,
when
the
Pilot
himself
cast
her
upon
the
Sand-bank
,
and
against
the
Rocks
.
This
Traitor
had
all
in
his
hands
;
and
the
Emperour
seeing
that
his
own
servants
had
resolved
his
ruine
,
implored
the
help
of
heaven
.
However
,
it
was
thought
fit
;
in
this
disorder
,
to
send
money
,
to
the
Garrison
of
Prague
,
so
to
be
sure
of
that
,
as
being
the
Capitall
City
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
to
retain
the
King
of
Hungary
,
who
was
ready
to
march
into
the
Field
,
with
too
weak
forces
.
Frithland
sent
his
Brother-in
Law
Count
Terskie
to
Prague
,
but
it
was
too
late
,
for
they
made
him
understand
,
that
they
would
acknowledge
none
but
the
Emperour
.
Whereupon
our
design
(
said
he
)
is
discovered
,
let
us
pack
away
,
and
Joyn
with
the
Swedes
.
Now
this
infamous
treason
was
known
to
Gordon
,
Leasly
,
and
Butler
;
the
two
former
Scotch
,
and
the
last
an
Irish
Officer
;
but
all
the
difficulty
was
,
how
to
stifle
it
in
the
Cradle
;
to
which
effect
,
they
invited
Terskie
,
Kinskie
,
Illaw
,
and
Newman
,
(
all
his
Creatures
)
to
supper
,
Supper
at
Eguer
.
where
they
took
their
lives
to
pay
the
score
,
and
save
their
Master
Ferdinands
:
And
thus
the
Tragedie
being
begun
upon
them
as
the
Members
,
must
be
ended
upon
him
,
the
detestable
Head
;
the
Commission
whereof
was
faithfully
,
and
laudably
undertaken
by
Butler
,
who
thrusting
open
his
dore
,
and
finding
him
up
,
so
staggered
and
hared
him
,
Wallenstein
massacred
.
that
he
could
not
make
one
word
of
answer
to
this
fatal
salutation
.
Oh
Traytour
,
to
the
Emperour
,
and
Empyre
,
art
thou
there
?
And
therewith
,
run
him
through
with
his
Partizan
,
so
that
he
fell
down
dead
,
and
an
Irish
souldier
having
crushed
his
head
,
with
the
But-end
of
his
Musket
:
took
him
by
the
heels
,
and
threw
him
out
at
the
window
.
This
was
the
end
of
this
ungratefull
Minister
,
who
from
an
ordinary
Gentleman
,
was
risen
to
so
much
greatnesse
,
that
he
could
climbe
no
higher
,
without
being
a
Traitour
,
and
a
Parricide
.
As
he
had
done
great
services
,
on
the
one
side
,
so
had
he
also
received
great
recompences
,
on
the
other
;
his
Master
having
created
him
Prince
of
the
Empyre
,
and
made
him
so
potent
,
that
he
had
trouble
enough
to
unmake
him
again
;
yea
,
and
much
adoe
,
to
save
both
himself
,
and
his
House
,
from
his
cruel
perfidie
.
Never
were
Traitours
seen
to
make
a
good
end
,
ambitions
persons
fall
into
the
praecipice
,
which
they
intend
for
others
.
He
was
very
much
hated
,
and
that
chiefly
by
the
Emperours
enemies
;
and
yet
some
,
to
make
the
Prince
odious
,
have
presumed
to
excuse
him
,
as
if
he
had
been
wrongfully
killed
.
Men
,
who
are
overballanced
by
Passion
,
have
no
solid
judgment
.
It
is
said
of
him
;
that
for
having
only
awaked
him
out
of
his
sleep
,
he
had
caused
many
to
be
hanged
,
with
this
sentence
;
Hang
that
beast
:
And
yet
I
say
,
he
hath
found
pennes
,
which
have
justified
his
proceedings
,
and
accused
the
House
of
Austria
of
cruelty
,
and
ingratitude
,
But
,
that
Polish
Bishop
,
who
hath
defended
him
against
the
sense
of
the
very
Swedes
,
the
French
,
Di●seck
a
Polish
Bishop
.
and
other
of
the
Emperours
enemies
,
hath
rather
discovered
his
own
antipathy
against
that
Family
,
(
which
was
then
combatted
by
so
many
Protestants
)
then
reasons
,
and
arguments
sufficient
to
prove
his
innocence
;
nor
are
they
indeed
valued
,
but
where
blinde
passion
praedominates
:
though
yet
still
,
this
praeoccupated
old
man
hath
not
failed
to
finde
applause
amongst
such
of
his
nation
,
as
disapproved
the
streight
Allyance
of
their
King
,
with
the
aforesaid
House
.
Whatever
be
reported
of
him
,
he
was
a
good
,
and
judicious
souldier
,
but
ambition
,
becoming
the
Mistresse
of
his
reason
,
made
him
(
according
to
the
opinion
of
almost
all
Authors
)
machinate
,
and
contrive
the
death
of
his
Master
,
and
his
Children
:
by
which
cruell
affect
,
he
stained
all
his
gallant
exploits
,
and
rendred
his
name
infamous
to
posterity
.
The
end
crownes
the
work
;
and
it
serves
for
nothing
,
to
have
well
begun
,
unlesse
we
finish
so
too
.
The
Polanders
are
in
action
;
it
is
time
to
speak
of
their
vertue
,
which
hath
produced
miracles
.
CHAP.
XXXII
The
Siege
of
Smolensko
raised
.
The
King
of
Poland
compells
an
Army
of
a
hundred
and
twenty
thousand
men
,
to
have
recourse
to
his
mercy
.
He
makes
peace
with
the
Muscovits
,
and
chastises
the
Turks
.
The
Infanta's
death
.
The
taking
of
Rhinbergh
.
Aitona
ranges
the
Militia
,
and
takes
some
Lords
prisoners
.
ULadislans
the
fourth
,
King
of
Poland
,
was
,
after
the
death
of
his
brother
Sigismund
,
by
the
cosent
of
the
Stares
and
Nobility
,
preferred
to
the
Throne
;
and
there
suddenly
presented
it self
a
fair
occasion
,
to
signalize
the
beginning
of
his
Reign
,
and
let
the
Polanders
see
,
that
he
would
be
the
terrour
of
his
enemies
.
The
Muscovits
after
having
done
much
spoyle
in
Lituania
,
besieged
the
Town
of
Smolensko
,
the
walls
whereof
are
extremely
thick
.
The
King
sent
his
Army
thither
,
and
went
himself
shortly
after
,
to
command
it
.
Great
skirmishes
were
made
,
but
small
means
,
to
beat
up
a
quarter
:
whereupon
he
resolved
to
storm
two
Fortresses
,
or
Holds
,
which
were
upon
the
River
,
and
would
needs
be
there
himself
in
person
.
The
more
difficult
this
Enterprise
was
,
the
greater
was
the
glory
;
for
,
more
then
six
thousand
Muscovits
were
put
the
sword
.
Upon
these
advantages
he
intrenched
himself
,
and
not
being
able
to
unnestle
them
totally
from
thence
,
he
cut
off
all
their
Provisions
,
in
such
sort
,
as
they
quickly
found
themselves
reduced
to
the
extremity
either
of
starving
,
An
Unheard
of
victory
.
or
rendring
themselves
to
his
mercy
.
A
terrible
thing
,
and
not
heard
of
before
;
that
a
hundred
and
twenty
thousand
men
should
bring
their
Arms
,
and
Colours
,
and
cast
them
at
the
feet
of
this
victorious
Prince
.
This
was
not
a
victory
,
but
a
monster
of
a
victory
.
He
pardoned
them
all
;
and
made
the
strangers
,
(
which
were
about
fourteen
thousand
men
)
promise
never
to
bear
arms
more
,
against
the
Crowne
of
Poland
.
A
while
after
,
peace
was
made
between
them
upon
conditions
,
that
the
King
should
relinquish
his
Title
,
Peace
made
.
and
praetentions
,
upon
the
Great
Dutchy
,
and
the
Grand
Duke
his
,
upon
Smolensko
and
some
other
places
.
The
Turke
,
and
Tartars
,
seeing
the
Polanders
busie
,
entred
into
Poland
,
to
make
a
diversion
,
The
Turks
●eaten
.
and
give
the
Muscovits
breath
.
But
the
King
had
done
his
work
time
enough
,
to
come
and
put
sire
in
their
tayles
;
for
he
bear
them
,
and
forced
them
to
beg
peace
,
which
he
granted
them
,
upon
most
honourable
terms
for
himself
.
At
the
same
time
,
the
third
part
of
the
City
of
Constantinople
was
burnt
to
the
ground
,
with
incredible
losse
.
A
prodigie
,
which
threatned
the
Turkes
with
that
misfortune
which
is
now
befalling
them
.
Let
us
now
return
into
Holland
,
through
England
,
where
we
shall
finde
King
Charles
as
much
in
love
with
peace
,
and
quiet
,
as
King
Iames
his
Father
was
.
He
went
into
Scotland
,
and
was
crowned
there
the
twenty
fifth
of
Iune
,
1633.
We
lest
the
Deputies
of
the
Obedient
Provinces
very
busie
:
about
seeking
the
end
of
their
evills
,
in
a
happy
peace
;
but
there
was
a
wind
,
which
hindred
the
sprowting
forth
of
this
good
seed
.
During
the
time
of
their
negotiation
,
the
Infanta
went
to
enjoy
everlasting
beatitude
with
her
husband
,
The
death
of
the
Infanta
.
with
whom
she
had
so
religiously
lived
.
Her
subjects
expressed
very
great
grief
,
for
the
departure
of
so
good
a
Mother
,
by
whom
they
had
been
so
gently
governed
;
and
that
which
most
afflicted
them
,
was
to
foresee
,
that
these
Treaties
would
produce
no
good
effect
,
as
it
was
easie
to
judge
:
for
the
States
stood
fast
upon
impossibilities
;
and
these
could
not
by
any
means
exclude
their
Master
;
besides
,
the
Prince
going
to
besiege
Rhinbergh
,
(
which
he
took
in
three
weeks
)
made
them
conceive
,
that
they
treated
with
them
almost
no
other
wise
,
then
Conquerors
use
to
do
,
with
such
as
they
have
vanquished
.
For
,
they
offered
them
conditions
of
advantage
enough
,
to
testifie
,
that
their
thoughts
were
very
much
inclined
to
peace
:
but
the
wind
of
France
,
quickly
cooled
that
pious
heat
.
Charnasse
made
use
of
the
two
most
potent
wayes
in
the
world
,
to
make
this
Treaty
infructuous
;
that
is
,
of
Eloquence
;
and
of
that
divine
Mettall
,
which
Inpiter
knew
to
be
the
strongest
.
In
fine
,
he
effected
so
much
by
his
diligent
pursuits
,
The
Treaty
of
Peace
vanishes
.
and
sollicitations
,
that
he
brake
off
the
whole
match
,
and
brought
the
States
to
take
Arms
again
,
with
his
Master
.
The
Marquis
of
Aitona
not
having
force
enough
to
face
the
Prince
before
Rhinbergh
,
was
content
to
fortify
the
Isle
of
Saint
Stephen
upon
the
Moze
,
whereby
to
have
the
passage
free
.
And
the
Prince
,
agitating
in
his
mind
a
greater
exploit
,
then
that
of
a
Siege
,
went
,
The
siege
of
Rheynbergh
.
and
incamped
himself
beyond
Boisleduc
,
or
the
Bosse
;
and
having
sent
for
eighteen
or
Twenty
Troops
of
Swedish
Horse
:
departed
,
with
a
multitude
of
Waggons
of
Victualls
,
and
marched
directly
towards
Aitona
;
who
(
though
he
had
also
received
some
Horse
from
the
Imperialists
for
his
defence
)
kept
himself
upon
his
advantages
,
as
judging
it
beyond
the
maximes
of
a
souldier
,
to
put
the
Country
into
a
general
joy
,
by
hazarding
the
Battail
offered
him
.
For
if
the
Prince
had
gained
it
,
he
had
found
no
resistance
;
but
if
he
had
lost
it
,
he
had
left
the
Conquerours
nothing
but
the
glory
of
having
wonne
it
,
without
any
other
profit
at
all
,
save
only
(
peradventure
)
of
a
Town
,
or
two
,
as
Wenlo
,
and
Ruremund
.
The
Prince
sent
a
supply
to
Mastricht
,
and
retyred
himself
faster
then
he
came
,
which
caused
the
disbanding
of
many
of
his
men
.
And
the
Marquis
hastened
,
with
three
thousand
horse
,
to
defend
the
Isle
of
Saint
Stephen
;
and
thus
ended
the
Field
of
this
year
of
1633
,
upon
which
the
Swedes
,
who
had
committed
unknown
insolencies
in
this
Militia
,
and
some
dissolutions
,
which
spoyled
the
Holland
discipline
,
repassed
the
Rheyn
;
as
the
Imperialists
on
the
other
side
,
also
did
.
But
let
us
see
the
Field
following
,
before
we
repasse
with
them
.
Some
Lords
prisoners
.
Aitona
,
having
received
money
from
Spain
,
and
ranged
his
Militia
in
a
good
state
of
obedience
,
took
some
Lords
prisoners
,
who
were
suspected
of
having
complotted
with
Count
Henry
of
Bergues
.
The
Prince
d'Espinoy
was
already
fled
into
France
,
and
the
Duke
of
Arscot
,
gone
into
Spain
;
and
so
this
thick
fogge
being
dissipated
,
and
Count
Henry's
Cause
tryed
,
he
marched
with
his
Army
towards
the
Moze
,
whether
he
had
already
sent
the
Marquis
de
Lede
,
who
took
the
strong
House
of
Argenteau
,
and
retook
the
Dutchy
of
Limburgh
,
and
so
made
a
shew
of
besieging
Mastricht
,
to
have
the
passage
open
into
Germany
.
The
Prince
,
to
divert
him
from
this
design
,
went
,
and
planted
himself
before
Breda
;
but
having
received
notice
,
that
the
Spanish
Army
drew
towards
him
,
to
dislodge
him
from
thence
,
he
retyred
five
dayes
after
.
Thus
ended
this
Field
,
in
the
Low-Countries
;
let
us
go
see
other
sport
in
the
Empyre
,
much
more
bloody
then
this
.
CHAP.
XXXIII
The
Siege
of
Ratisbon
;
the
taking
of
the
Town
.
The
death
of
Aldringer
.
The
Cardinall
Infanto
,
joynes
with
the
King
of
Hungary
.
The
Protestants
draw
all
their
forces
together
again
.
The
Businesse
of
Norlinghen
.
The
victory
of
the
Imperialists
.
The
Cardinal
Infanto
passes
into
the
Low-Countries
.
THe
chief
of
the
Protestant
Party
had
so
great
cause
to
mistrust
Generall
Wallenstein
,
whose
plots
and
practises
they
knew
,
that
it
was
no
wonder
if
Duke
Bernard
gave
no
credit
to
the
promises
he
made
,
to
hasten
a
Conjunction
,
the
retardment
whereof
was
fatall
to
him
,
and
all
his
friends
.
Duke
Francis-Albert
of
Saxony
,
Lailemburgh
,
who
was
the
instrument
chosen
,
to
tye
these
two
mettals
of
a
different
nature
together
,
proved
not
his
Crafts-master
;
and
so
was
carried
prisoner
for
his
apprentisage
to
Vienna
.
Ratish
me
taken
by
the
Sweden
.
Duke
Bernard
having
taken
Ratisbone
by
the
good
will
of
the
Inhabitants
,
and
being
assured
(
too
late
)
of
the
intentions
of
the
Duke
of
Fruhland
,
was
advancing
already
towards
Bohemia
,
when
he
received
the
newes
of
the
just
disaster
,
which
was
befallen
him
;
whereupon
he
changed
course
.
Inpiter
is
patient
;
but
when
his
goodnesse
is
too
much
abused
,
he
darts
his
Thunderbolt
,
and
crushes
all
.
It
is
alwayes
dangerous
to
meddle
with
ones
Master
,
and
to
crack
nuts
with
him
.
This
great
Symptome
was
advantageous
to
the
Swedes
,
as
giving
them
opportunity
to
take
Towns
in
Swaveland
,
and
towards
the
Lake
of
Bregants
;
in
such
sort
,
as
that
the
terrour
which
King
Gustave
had
cast
into
Italy
,
was
now
renewed
more
strongly
then
ever
.
The
King
of
Hungary
,
having
cured
the
Army
with
a
sweet
shower
of
Gold
,
and
taken
a
new
Oath
from
the
souldiers
,
made
them
march
towards
Ratisbone
.
For
,
since
the
servant
had
betrayed
the
Father
of
the
Family
,
it
was
necessary
,
to
sond
the
childe
,
who
was
received
by
all
of
them
,
with
incredible
joy
,
and
alacrity
.
I
will
not
stay
upon
the
particulars
of
this
famous
siege
,
which
cost
very
much
blood
;
but
content
my self
,
with
only
saying
,
that
newes
being
come
to
the
Camp
,
of
a
notable
victory
gotten
by
Arnem
,
upon
the
Imperialists
in
Silesia
,
and
of
his
moving
towards
Prague
;
the
King
sent
so
strong
a
supply
,
And
retaken
by
the
Imperialists
.
that
the
said
Armens
,
was
constrained
to
raise
the
Siege
,
and
retyre
himself
into
Saxony
,
Aldringer
〈◊〉
at
the
very
same
time
that
Ratisbone
began
to
parly
,
and
capitulate
,
which
was
near
the
end
of
July
:
and
some
dayes
before
,
the
famous
General
Aldringer
was
slain
,
near
Lanshut
.
He
was
born
in
the
Country
of
L●xenburgh
,
and
his
vertue
had
drawn
him
out
of
the
obscurity
of
his
birth
,
to
raise
him
to
so
eminent
a
Charge
.
He
had
fought
happily
with
John
de
Werdr
,
and
his
death
was
much
regretted
,
by
the
principal
of
his
party
.
Donawerds
followed
Rarisbone
,
and
the
Cardinal
Infanto
,
who
had
now
staid
long
enough
at
Milan
,
passed
,
with
the
old
Spanish
,
Italian
,
and
Burgundian
Bands
,
through
Swisserland
,
into
Germany
,
where
they
quickly
taught
the
Swedes
,
what
it
was
,
exactly
to
observe
Military
Discipline
.
The
Armyes
joyned
,
and
marched
into
the
Dutchy
of
Wirtembergh
,
after
which
they
sighed
and
longed
,
as
the
Children
of
Israel
did
,
after
the
Land
of
Promise
:
but
they
must
first
passe
the
Red
Sea
,
and
winne
a
Town
whole
Garrison
was
strong
,
and
required
a
Siege
,
before
they
could
arrive
to
the
bank
.
The
Swedes
sent
for
all
their
own
forces
,
and
those
of
their
Allyes
:
Horne
joyned
with
Duke
Barnard
,
and
argued
against
him
,
that
it
was
better
to
let
go
one
Town
,
then
hazard
the
Publick
Cause
;
and
that
an
occasion
,
for
fighting
would
be
found
in
time
,
with
more
advantage
.
The
Duke
disputed
the
contrary
;
alleadging
,
that
the
winning
of
this
Bartail
,
The
Siege
of
Northinghen
.
Austria
would
be
open
,
Bavaria
a
prey
?
and
their
Party
,
our
of
all
danger
:
That
they
must
venter
it
,
before
the
Spaniards
came
.
In
fine
,
it
was
concluded
,
that
it
should
be
the
next
day
,
being
the
sixth
of
September
;
and
the
proceeding
of
that
Imperiall
Colonel
,
who
asked
to
speak
with
a
Kinsman
of
his
of
the
same
Charge
in
the
Swedish
Army
,
upon
the
word
of
a
Cavalleer
(
to
whom
he
proposed
an
overture
of
Peace
,
in
his
Masters
name
;
which
was
rejected
by
the
Party
)
was
taken
by
the
Swedes
,
for
a
good
augure
.
It
would
require
a
volume
,
to
recount
the
particulars
,
of
the
most
bloody
fight
that
ever
happened
amongst
Christians
.
The
forces
of
the
Duke
of
Wirtembergh
,
the
Landgrave
of
Hassia
,
and
Count
Cratz
,
(
who
left
the
Bavarians
,
when
he
saw
that
his
Treason
was
discovered
,
which
was
to
deliver
Ingolstadt
to
the
Enemy
)
were
already
arrived
;
so
that
there
wanted
none
,
but
the
Rhingrave
,
who
was
beyond
the
Rheyn
,
with
four
,
or
five
thousand
men
.
But
they
would
not
expect
him
,
for
fear
lest
the
Imperialists
,
who
,
had
gotten
to
them
the
Armyes
of
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
and
Cardinal
Infanto
,
might
chance
to
escape
them
.
The
Battail
of
Nordinghen
.
1634.
the
sixth
of
September
.
The
Fight
began
in
the
morning
,
the
most
furious
shock
was
given
,
for
the
getting
,
and
keeping
of
a
Hillock
;
and
the
Swedish
Infantry
received
great
losse
,
about
the
storming
of
a
mined
Fort.
The
Canon
it self
being
hidden
behinde
some
thick
bushes
,
did
terrible
execution
,
by
piercing
quite
through
all
the
squadrons
:
and
the
Swedes
,
upon
the
other
side
,
amazed
to
see
the
grave
motion
of
the
Spaniards
(
who
did
not
recoyle
or
start
back
,
but
gently
retreat
,
and
advance
with
a
sure
discharge
)
were
constrained
to
fly
,
and
the
Cavalry
being
pursued
by
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
&
John
de
Werdt
,
The
absolute
victory
of
the
Imperialists
.
(
who
gave
a
brave
account
of
themselves
that
day
)
was
almost
utterly
defeated
;
and
the
quarter
given
at
Hamelen
was
exactly
observed
,
till
the
the
King
of
Hungary
ceased
the
slaughter
.
All
the
Canon
,
to
the
number
of
eighty
Pieces
,
and
three
hundred
Colours
,
were
the
irreproachable
marks
of
an
entyre
victory
,
which
crowned
the
heads
of
both
the
Ferdinands
.
It
is
held
,
that
there
were
above
twelve
thousand
men
killed
upon
the
place
,
and
near
six
thousand
prisoners
,
amongst
whom
was
that
brave
Generall
,
Gustave
Horne
,
who
was
received
by
the
King
,
with
such
testimonies
of
benevolence
,
as
were
suitable
to
the
merit
of
so
courteous
,
and
valorous
a
Captain
.
The
pillage
was
for
the
souldiers
,
and
the
fruit
of
the
victory
,
a
peace
,
which
poor
Germany
enjoyed
not
long
,
for
she
was
not
yet
enough
drained
,
Whereof
the
first
was
a
peace
.
and
she
had
still
some
ill
humours
left
within
her
,
which
were
not
suffered
to
settle
,
by
her
Neighbours
.
But
,
if
the
Protestants
,
and
they
who
had
mixed
their
interest
with
them
,
received
much
joy
,
by
the
first
Battail
of
Leipsick
;
no
lesse
,
were
the
hearts
of
all
the
Catholicks
both
in
,
and
out
of
Germany
,
accumulated
with
alacrity
and
gladnesse
,
by
this
.
The
joy
of
the
Catholicks
.
And
the
Generalls
divided
this
great
Army
,
into
many
small
Bodies
,
as
the
Swedes
had
done
theirs
,
after
the
Battail
of
Lutzen
,
to
carry
an
offensive
war
,
up
and
down
,
into
many
places
,
whereof
we
will
speak
as
briefly
,
as
out
matter
will
permit
us
.
Nortlinghen
forthwith
surrendred
;
the
Dutchy
of
Wirtembergh
,
quicky
in
her
Enemies
power
;
and
the
Duke
,
unwilling
to
be
spectator
of
so
pitifulla
State
,
got
himself
,
together
with
the
most
prompt
of
his
party
,
to
Strasburgh
.
The
luster
of
the
Eagles
Majesty
,
and
of
the
glory
acquired
by
her
,
as
well
in
Germany
,
as
Denmark
,
had
been
much
discoloured
,
and
obscured
,
by
the
happinesse
of
that
great
Septemtrional
Mars
;
But
now
she
sufficiently
recovered
it
,
The
Swedes
will
have
war
in
their
victory
,
and
the
Imperialists
peace
in
theirs
.
by
this
memorable
victory
of
Nortlinghen
;
and
to
shew
,
that
she
durst
follow
her
enemies
,
she
contraried
their
proceedings
.
For
,
they
would
have
war
,
in
the
continuation
of
their
Conquests
;
and
she
declares
her
desire
of
Peace
,
in
hers
.
They
would
carry
away
all
,
with
violence
,
and
extremity
;
and
she
would
restore
all
,
to
the
first
order
,
and
state
,
by
a
moderate
accommodation
.
In
effect
,
the
King
of
Hungary
offered
it
to
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Princes
,
by
whom
it
was
accepted
;
but
it
lasted
not
long
,
no
more
then
the
deceitfull
favours
of
that
variable
Goddesse
did
,
by
the
puissant
odour
of
the
Flower
de
luce
,
as
the
drift
of
this
History
will
shew
.
The
Cardinal
Infanto
,
after
having
embraced
,
and
taken
leave
of
his
Brother-in-Law
,
departed
towards
the
Low-Countries
,
whether
we
will
let
him
go
,
and
stay
yet
a
while
in
Germany
,
to
note
the
carreer
of
Ferdinands
victories
,
in
the
disorder
of
the
Protestants
.